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UNIVEILSITY OF PITTSBURGH
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Uarhngton JWemonal L/ibrary
THE
OKCHID-GROWEE'S MANUAL.
THE
ORCHID-GROWER'S MANUAL
CONTAINING
SeBrrijitinns of tlie kst Iper'iBH ml ^mtWm nf
(Drrjiitonns ^Hnnts;
TOGETHER WIT!
NOIICBS OF IHEIR TIMES OP FLOWERING, AND MOST APPKOVED MODES OF TREATMENT;
ALSO, PLAIN AND PRACTICAL INSTET7CTI0NS RELATING TO THE GENERAL
CULTURE OF ORCHIDS; AND REMARKS ON THE HEAT,
MOISTURE, SOIL, SEASONS OF GROWTH AND
OF REST BEST SUITED TO THE
SEVERAL SPECIES.
BENJAMIN SAMUEL WILLLAMS, F.L.S., F.R.H.S.,
Author of "The Orchid Album," "Select Ferns and Lycopods" "Choice Stove
atid Qreenhouse Flowering Plants," "Choice Stove and Greenhouse
Ornamental-leaved Plants" &c., &c.
SIXTH EDITION, ENLARGED AND REVISED.
AATITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED AT VICTORIA AND PARADISE NURSERIES,
UPPER HOLLO WAY, LONDON, N.
1885.
London :
Printed by Jas. Truscott & Sox,
Suffolk Lane, City,
CONTENTS.
Page
Introduction 1
Habitats of Tropical Orchids ^9
Season for Collecting Orchids 12
Hints on Collecting Orchids 14
Risks of Collecting Orchids 18
Orchid Treatment during Growth 2i
Orchid Treatment during Eest 26
Adaptation of Treatment to Surrounding Conditions . . 28
Treatment of newly-imported Plants 31
Treatment of Plants in Bloom 33
On making Orchid Baskets 34
Potting Epiphytal Orchids 37
Potting Terrestrial Orchids 41
Mode of inducing Back Growths 41
Watering Orchids 42
Propagation of Orchids 47
Raising Orchids from Seeds 49
Orchids for Room Decoration 52
Construction of Orchid Houses 56
Glazing of Orchid Houses 62
Heating of Orchid Houses 62
Ventilation of Orchid Houses 65
Shading of Orchid Houses 66
Growing Specimen Orchids for Exhibition .... 69
Treatment Preparatory to Exhibition 72
Packing Orchids for Exhibitions 74
Insects and other Enemies 79
Diseases of Orchids 87
Select Orchids in Cultivation 91
Greenhouse and Frame Orchids G21
Addenda 631
Index 041
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Faffe
Orchid Exhibition House in the Victoria and Paradise
Nurseries 1
Orchids grouped with Ferns and Foliage Plants ... 33
Plan of Orchid House 67
Plan of Cool Orchid House 59
Ada aurantiaca 95
Aerides crassifolium 99
CRISPUM 99
Vandarum 110
Angr.ecum eburneum . .116
Ellisii 117
Kotschyi 118
sesquipedale 119
Anguloa Clowesii 131
Barkeria elegans 139
Batemannia Meleagris 143
Bollea Patinii 147
Brassia maculata 152
Bulbophyllum siamense 15C
BuRLINGTONLA CANDIDA 158
Calanthe vestita 165
Catasetum sccrra 169
Cattleya Aclandi.e 172
CRISPA 178
dolosa 179
GIGAS 183
Trian^ 201
velutina 206
seedlings in various stages 49
Chtsis Chelsoni 210
CCELOGTNE CRISTATA 217
Comparettia macroplectron 225
VIU LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
rage
COUYAKTHES 3JACULATA PL'i\CTaTA 228
CYMBIDIUJI EBUUJiEUM .232
Cyfripebium Calceolus . 624
caudatum 241
COSCOLOR 242
DOMINIANUM . . . . • . . . . . 244
EURYANDRUM 244
GODEFROYiE 245
INSIGKE MAULEX 248
INSIGNB PUKOTATUM VIOLACEUM 248
Lawrencbanum 249
— Lowii 250
MICROCHILtTM 251
Sedeni 256
SBLLIGERtIM 257
spectabile 625
' Spicerianum 257
vexillarium . 260
VILLOSUM '261
SEEDLINGS IN VARIOUS STAGES 49
Dbndrobium Ainsworthii 268
amcenuji 269
D'Albertisii 277
densiflorum 278
Jamesianum 288
LUTEOLUM CHLOROCENTKTJM 291
HOBILE 294
PlERARDI 297
SUPBRBIENS 301
THYRSIFLORUM 303
SEEDLINGS IN VARIOUS STAGES 49
DiSA GRANDIFLORA SUPBRBA . .627
Epidendrum vitellinum ma J us 322
Galeandra Devoniana 328
nivalis 329
Gongora atropurpurea . • 331
Ipska speciosa 346
Ii^LIA ANCEPS 350
autumnalis 353
harpophylla . . .s60
Lbptotes bicolor . .371
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. IX
I'age
LVCASTK SKIJSNERI .' 381
Macodes Petola 384
MaSDEVALLIA BELLA 38G
Chimjera . . 387
LiNDENI 394
'- MACRURA . • . . 395
ROSEA 398
tovarbnsis .400
Veitchiana 401
Maxillaria luteo-alba • . . . . 404
Mesospisidium sanguineum 406
Miltoxia cuneata . .411
Regnelli purpurea 413
Wabscewiczii Welto>[ . . * . . . . . 415
Na>'odes Medusa 420
Odontoglossum aspersum 424
cirrhosum .428
CRISPUM (ALEXANDR-E) 432
GLORIOSUM 440
GRAKDE 441
Halhi .442
HEBRAICUM 444
LUTEO-PURPUKEUJI (RADIATUM) . . . .449
lykoglossum 450
MULUS 451
NEBULOSUM 453
NEVADENSE 455
OErstedii 456
Phal.4;nopsis 457
poltxanthum 459
texillarium 467
Warnerianl'm 469
Odomtoglossum House in the ViCTORLi and Paradise Nurseries 56
Oncidium curtum 481
flexuosum 488
Gardneri 484
macranthum 491
Marshallianum 492
monaohicum , , 493
Papilio 496
BARCODES 500
X LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Page
Oncidium sphacelatdm .501
splendidum 502
varicosum eogersii 505
Orchid Baskets 35
Orchis foliosa 629
Pachystoma Thomsonianum 507
Paphinia cristata 510
PERISTERIA. el ATA . • 512
Pescatorea Dayana 514
Phajus GRANDIFOLIUS 519
IRRORATUS 620
TUBERCULOSUS 521
Phal.enopsis amabilis 527
amethystina 527
intermedia portei 531
Schilleriana • . . 536
SPECIOSA 537
AT HOME 524
SEEDLINGS IN VARIOUS STAGES 50
Plbione lagenaria 549
Promen.ea citrina . . 555
schlimmia trifida 569
Sophronitis grandiflora 578
STANHOPEA INSIGNIS 581
Wardii 583
Trichopilia crispa 591
Vanda Cathcartii . 599
ccerulescens 600
Denisoniana 602
lamellata Eoxallii 604
suAvis 607
TERES 609
tricolor 610
Zygopetalum Clayi 618
PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION,
The issue of a new and thorougbly-re-vised edition
of the Obchid-Gkowek's Manual, which has gained
notoriety throughout the world, needs but little ex-
planation on our part. We have had abundant proof
of its utility by the demand there has been for the
successive editions, by its having been translated into
the Russian language by M. Wolkenstein, and by our
having also been requested to have it translated into other
European languages. It is now many years since we
wrote the first edition. At that time the number of
Orchid-Growers was very limited, but since then the
increase has been extraordinary, so that where there
were hundreds there are now thousands of Growers.
It is highly gratifying to us to know, through letters
received from them to that efi"ect, that many of these,
not only in this country, but on the Continent, in
America, and the Colonies, obtained their first instruc-
tions from the " Manual."
Since the former edition was published, there have
been many beautiful additions to our collections, and
the number of species and varieties has been greatly
increased. These, so far as they have been thought
worthy, have been incorporated in our pages. Our
collectors, who spare no pains to obtain these valuable
plants, and subject their lives and their health to great
risks in order to do so, deserve our hearty thanks, for
through their energy the stock of many Orchids that
have been rare for years has been so greatly increased
as to have given cultivators generally a chance of pro-
curing plants at a reasonable rate. Many of the most
beautiful kinds, which were at one time only within
reach of the rich at exorbitant prices, can at the present
day be obtained for a few shillings. Now, moreover, it
has been found that some of the most beautiful species
can be cultivated in cool houses, so that their culture is
not only less troublesome but also less expensive. Many
of these plants are small-growing, and do not take up
much space, so that by having even a small house a con-
siderable number of them may be cultivated in a way to
produce freely their very handsome flowers, which con-
tinue in bloom so much longer than those of most other
plants.
We have introduced views of some Orchid Houses
engraved from photographs, in order to show the efiiect
produced by intermixing Ferns, Palms, &c., among
Orchid flowers. It will be seen how graceful the foliage
appears, and its introduction is undoubtedly a vast im-
provement in the arrangement of an Orchid House.
Of course the setting out of the plants can be varied
daily, or as frequently as may be desired, so that a new
picture of beauty may in this way be continually pro-
duced. With the object of preserving the Orchid
blossoms as long as possible in a fresh and presentable
condition, it is wise to have a portion of each House
separated by a partition, and allotted to plants in bloom ;
the plants can then be treated so that their flowers will
last much longer in perfection than when kept in the
damper and hotter divisions in which they were pro-
duced. The end next the outer door will, in general, be
found most convenient for this object, from its being
somewhat cooler than the other parts ; and the show
compartment may thus serve two useful ends, that of
moderating the effect of the cold air admitted when the
door is opened, and that of preserving the flowers longer
in beauty.
We have also added many illustrations of the most
popular kinds, which, we trust, will be found useful by
those who are unfamiliar with the habit and appearance
of the respective plants. Some of these are original,
others have been kindly lent by the editors of the
Gardeners' Chronicle, the Garden, the Journal of
Horticulture, the Florist and Pomoloqist, and other
kind friends, for which we have to record our thanks.
One of the most marked features of the new edition
is the copious series of references we have given to
Figures of the plants, mostly coloured ones, and for the
most part published in works which are generally avail-
able at the present day. These references will, we
anticipate, be a source of great interest to many among
those of our readers who may have access to a botanical
library. The figures quoted are not of equal merit, but
they will all serve to clothe the dry bones of a mere
description with some indications of the beauty of the
plants. In the case of the Synonymy, we have quoted
those names which appeared to us most likely to be
useful, especially as a means of identifying species
which may have been famihar in gardens under names,
which in order to meet the requirements of science, real
or supposed, it may have been found necessary to change
or suppress. A few wholesale suppressions, such as
that of referring all the species of Cattleya to Bletia,
and other cases of a similar kind, are so little likely to
be followed out in gardens, that we have passed them
over with a general record that such changes have been
proposed. For assistance of this nature, and for having
devoted much attention to the amended descriptions, we
have to thank our old friend and our coadjutor in the
work of the Orchid Album, Mr. Thomas Moore, of
Chelsea.
The matter has so greatly increased since the publi-
cation of the last edition, that having regard to our efforts
to make it as perfect as possible, we have been compelled
to raise the price. We hope, however, that the additions
that have been made will meet with the approbation of
our readers, and be considered by them as real improve-
ments quite worth the increased cost. We have before
stated that we do not aim to instruct Botanists, but to
assist Amateurs, by placing before them plain and
practical information on a sound scientific basis, so that
for the time and pains bestowed on the cultivation of
this charming class of plants, they may be rewarded by
the production of fine specimens, and as a consequence,
abundant and beautiful flowers.
B. S. WILLIAMS.
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries,
Upper Holloway, London, N.,
October, 1885.
ORCHID EXHIBITION HOUSE IN THE!
100 ft
(From a
^m^i_
#iS
CTORIA AND PARADISE NURSERIES.
22 ft
>TOGRAPH.)
ORCHID-GROWER'S MANUAL.
INTRODUCTION.
HE cultivation of Orchidaceous plants is no longer
exclusively the privilege of the few, now that their
nature and requirements are better understood
than was the case in former years. This has arisen chiefly
from three causes : firstly, from the useful information given
us by those who have studied the plants in their native
habitats ; secondly, from the close study and application
by means of which cultivators at home have brought the
varied observations of travellers to bear in a practical manner
on the culture of the plants when introduced into this country ;
and thirdly, from the fact having been discovered that many,
at least, of the most ornamental species require less heat and
less expensive appliances than was once thought necessary,
thus bringing them within the reach of a larger constituency.
It cannot be too strongly impressed upon the minds of
all who send plants of this order home from foreign lands
that every scrap of information respecting the climate — tem-
perature, rainfall, altitude — soil, &c., of the locality in which
each species is found, is of the greatest importance not only
to the scieiitific observer, but also to the cultivator ; not
Z ORCHID -GROWER S MANUAL.
because \\e can under cultivation strictly imitate the natural
surroundings of each particular species or variety, nor, indeed,
do we think that this would in all cases be desirable, but the
information would enable us to adopt the treatment most
congenial to the requirements of each, so far as the means at
our command would permit. The want of some such infor-
mation has been a source of extreme vexation to many lovers
of these plants in years gone by. For instance, had we
received even the most meagre account of the natural physical
and climatal surroundings of the many fine things found and
collected by M. Warscewicz, and other travellers of the same
period, the collections of the present day would be able to
boast, as now they cannot, of many fine species which have
never since reached this country in a living state. The
collections alluded to were sent to Europe in a very careless
manner, and without the slightest indications of the conditions
under which they had been growing ; and, Orchidology being
then in its infancj^, they were nearly all killed by being sub-
jected to excessive heat, the keeping up of a strong heat being
in those days considered the correct course to pursue with all
Orchidaceous plants. Thus hundreds of beautiful species,
which had been collected at great cost and risk, and were pur-
chased by eager amateurs at home, oftentimes at high prices,
rapidly died out, simply from the prevailing ignorance of the
climatal conditions of the localities in which they had been
collected.
Thus it will be seen, that in order to assist in preventing
a repetition of such disasters and disappointments, the ex-
perience of those who have had the good fortune to see
Orchids growing in a state of nature is of the greatest im-
portance, giving as it does a solid basis to any experiments
which may be made. Strange as it may appear to some,
and ridiculous as it has been pronounced by others, we do
INTRODUCTION.
not consider it advisable to imitate strictly tlie natural con-
ditions in which plants are sometimes found, because we have
seen so many proofs that, as individual specimens, the culti-
vated plants are frequently to be seen in greater perfection
than those grown in their native habitats. It is, indeed, only
reasonable to infer that such would be the case with the
majority of small-growing tropical plants, when we consider
the struggle for existence which is constantly going ou
throughout the vegetable kingdom, and remember that they
are subject to all the vicissitudes of the seasons ; whereas
under cultivation extreme care and attention are bestowed
upon each individual plant, and no pains are spared to develop
its beauties, and shield it from every harm. We admit that
we should by all means take nature as our guide for the pro-
duction of good plants, but it should be nature in her best
garb only ; and then, looking as we do upon cultivation as a
help to nature, the result can only be an improvement, if
success in the object aimed at has been attained.
Let us endeavour to make our meaning clear by a familiar
example. We have frequently seen some of our indigenous
ferns, such as ScoloiJendriums, Lastreas, &c., growing upon
dry banks, stony grounds, and old ruins, where they have pre-
sented the appearance of short, stunted, ill-favoured plants,
but still they were in a state of nature. Now, no one would
recommend the cultivator to imitate that phase of nature.
No — rather would the counsellor say, "Go to that shady dell,
with the limpid stream flowing through it ; there you will see
the rich green, fully developed, and graceful fronds of these
gems in all their beauty." This, then, we say is the phase
of nature which cultivators should take as their guide, and
endeavour to improve upon. We submit that these con-
siderations are strictly applicable to the plants we have taken
under our special cognizance in this volume, and will exemplify
A 2
4 OBCHID-GRO'SNTER S MANUAL.
this by an extract from a letter of one of tlie most acute
observers and successful introducers of Orchids of the present
day, Colonel Benson. He says — '^ Dendrobium formosum
does not appear to seek shady places for growi;h ; in fact,
as far as my knowledge goes, few Orchids do, beyond what
is given by the trees when in leaf. During the months
of February, March, and April, they must be exposed to an
atmosphere of 110° in the shade. That the fresh-grown
pseudobulbs are by this means reduced in size or shrivelled
there can be no question ; and in some of the mountain
Orchids this reduction takes place to such an extent as to
render it doubtful whether they are the same plants when
first seen at the end of raras." Now take the case of these
plants under culture ; the growing or rainy season past,
their supply of water would be gradually diminished, and
they would be exposed to the full effects of the sun, with
plenty of air, but only so long as they could withstand this
treatment without shrivelling ; for, should this condition ensue,
or should exhaustion from any other cause arise, the culti-
vator would step in, and b}' judicious treatment preserve the
strength and consequently the health of the plant, whilst the
plants in their native localities must bear the full power of
the scorching sun, let even death be the result. Here, then,
we say is a proof that art does in some instances assist nature.
Nearly all epiphytal Orchids are subject to a period of
rest, growth taking place during the rainy season, while
their resting period occurs during the dry season. Under
cultivation, however, we have to alter the circumstances con-
siderably, and make our dry season also the coolest, which
is the reverse of what the plants experience naturally ; this,
indeed, seems to be the most judicious plan we can adopt, for
it would simply be madness to endeavour to force our Orchids
ti) make their growth during the winter months, and rest
INTRODUCTION. O
them during the summer. The best season of rest for the
majority of Orchids is from about the beginning of November
until the end of February. This long period of drought pre-
disposes the plants to blossom, and also prevents them from
making weak and sickly growths, which would undoubtedly
be the case in the short dark sunless days of our winter.
In this place, of course, rules respecting the growth and
rest of Orchids can only be stated in general terms, the
treatment in detail being given with the description of each
particular genus. Then, again, there are certain species
which are never entirely inactive throughout the whole year,
amongst which may be named some of the Odontof/lossuins
and Masdevallias, besides many others whose home is in the
Peruvian Andes and other high mountainous districts.
It is often thought that as Orchidaceous plants are so
extremely tenacious of life, the fact of their dying can only
be the result of carelessness in their management ; but it
should be borne in mind that we have under the same roof
plants from many different countries, whose natural habitats
must vary immensely in most respects. Now, if a little
thought is only bestowed upon this fact, it should rather be a
matter of surprise how so many plants are successfully man-
aged, than how so many are lost.
Orchid cultivators, and indeed all lovers of Orchids, lost a
good and valuable friend and instructor in the late Dr. Lindley ;
and in this particular branch of botany no one amongst us has
been found competent to fill the void. Professor Reichenbach,
who was the friend of Dr. Lindley, is undoubtedly the first
living authority in regard to the nomenclature of Orchids, but
the fact of his labours being carried on in Germany — no fault
of his, but our misfortune — cannot fail to be disadvantageous
to English cultivators. We are bound to thank Professor
Reichenbach most cordially, not only for the valuable infor-
b ORCHID-GEOTS-ER S MANUAL.
mation he imparts to us, but for the extremely kind and
courteous manner in which he gives the desired information
to an}' and all who seek it at his hands.
We predicted many years ago that Orchids would be grown
for the million. The original portions of this volume were, in
fact, brought out in the Gardeners' Chronicle, m a series of
papers entitled " Orchids for the Million." It was perhaps
presumption on our part to predict what in those days seemed
to some people to be utterly impossible. We were often told
so after these papers had been published in the Gardeners^
Chronicle, but we were well rewarded by receiving the appro-
bation of Dr. Lindley, who was the greatest authority on
Orchids at that time. When we told Dr. Lindley of our
intention to bring out the Okchid-Grower's Manual, he
advised us not to do so, feeling sure, he said, it would never
pay, but our intention was fixed, for it gave us unbounded
pleasure to write of our favourites, of which we were then
as fond as we are now. Indeed, it is to us a source of
great satisfaction to do all we can to bring Orchids before the
public, and we are glad to find that our efforts are appre-
ciated, and that there is an increasing taste for these lovely
and varied plants. All plants require attention, some of
course more than others, but these can be as easily cultivated
as any ; and as some Orchids can now be bought for a fev,-
shillings each, they come within the reach of every one who
has a small house, and in such a structure a few of them
can be grown with very little trouble and expense.
If Orchid collectors will take our advice, founded on manj-
years' experience, and import the plants at a proper time of
year, we should have a good supply, and to spare, and be
able to leave some for stock in their native country, instead
of sacrificing the whole produce of a district, where doubtless
plants, and among them new species and varieties, would turn
INTRODUCTION. V
up, as there are so many natural hybrids and sometimes but
few of the same type in one locality.
We have now in cultivation many species, of which there
has only been one importation, such as A'erides Schrdderii,
Cattleya lahiata, and many others we could name, and
although our collectors have been in search of these scarce
plants, they have not been successful in again finding them.
Look at Lcclia anceps Dawsoni ! Collectors have been to the
very spot where this was first found, but we do not think
there has been one plant brought home since. Mr, Low's
traveller was the first who brought it, and since then there
have been many sold for it, but they have not proved to be
the true variety ; and although there have been several white
forms, none have been better or so good as the true Daicsoni.
We mention these facts for the information of our readers, as
well as of importers, in order to show how important it is to
try and get home alive all the plants collected, so that the
public may have a chance of saving these treasures. This
would be better for collectors and importers, as well as
buyers ; for the present destructive system, or want of system,
leads to a loss of capital, and is, besides, an annoyance both
to sellers and purchasers. The losses of purchased plants in
this wholesale way — plants that will not grow under the best
treatment — often stops amateurs from going on with their
cultivation. We do not lay all the blame of non-success on
the collectors, for there are many other causes which lead to
loss even when they are brought home at the right season ;
for instance, (1) they may be injured by damp in the cases ;
then (2) sea water will affect them injuriously if it gets on
them ; and (3) sometimes our amateurs and growers do not
treat them right when they receive them. Full directions on
this important matter will be found in our chapter on the
treatment of newly Lnported Plants.
8 orohid-gkower's manual.
In bringing these introductory remarks to a close, we
desire to record our deep sense of the obligations we owe to
the many travellers and collectors who have added so largely
to our knowledge of Orchids, and who have laboured so
arduously and incessantly to enable us to enjoy the beauties
of the choicest productions of the vegetable world without
meeting the dangers and difficulties with which they have had
to contend. We allude specially to such men as the brothers
Lobb, Hartweg, J. G. Veitch, Colonel Benson, O'Reilly, Rev.
C. Parish, Pearce, Bowmann, Weir, Hutton, Kramer, Porte,
Wallis, Linden, Skinner, Hugh Low, Schhm, Warscewicz,
Blunt, Roezl, Klaboch, Endi-es, Chesterton, and many others
Avho might be named, did space permit. Many of them,
alas ! have fallen victims to the fatigues of the undertaking,
and the pestilential climates to which they have been ex-
posed, thus suffering martyrdom for the cause of horticulture.
These were men who had in view the advancement of science,
and the enriching of our collections with new forms of plant
life ; and their example might be followed with advantage by
many of the latter day collectors, who, instead of sending
home a few plants in good order, allowing the skill of the
cultivator to grow and increase them at home, seem determined
to exterminate certain kinds of Orchids from their natural
localities, without any one deriving benefit thereby. When
such vast quantities are gathered, they arrive in this country
in an almost putrid state arising from overcrowding and
heating ; whilst, had a few dozens only been sent, and that
with proper care in packing, they would in all probability
have arrived in a living state. We are glad to find, however,
that latterly collectors are gaining more experience in this
matter, both as regards packing and means of transit, and that
plants arrive now in far better condition than was formerly
the case.
HABITATS OF TROPICAL ORCHIDS.
HABITATS OF TROPICAL ORCHIDS.
RCHIDS are divided into two sections, the Terrestrial
and the Epiphytal. Those are termed Terrestrial
that grow directly in the earth. Such are the
species of Orchis, PhajuK, C<(la>ithe, Bletia, Ciipripediam,
Xeottia, Goodi/era, Epipacth, &c., which all draw their
support directly from the ground. The Epiphytal Orchids,
such as A'erides, Saccolabiani, Cattlei/a, Oncidium, &c.,
grow on trees and rocks, from which, however, they derive
little or no nourishment, on which account thej are often
called Air plants. These are by far the most numerous and
interesting. Some are found adhering to the stems and
branches of living trees ; some of them delight in elevated
situations in lofty forests, while others grow upon low trees .
Some occur on rocks and mountains, some on trees over-
banging rivers, and some near dripping rocks — the latter, of
course, requiring a particularly damp atmosphere to grow in.
Those which are found in dense woods, where scarcely any
sun can penetrate, require a shady moist atmosphere, whilst
those found in more elevated situations do not need so much
shade as the last.
A knowledge of the different habitats of the various species
is essential to the careful grower, in order that he may, as far
as his means permit, place them in circumstances similar to
those in which they make their natural growth ; and it is, no
doubt, to inattention, or lack of information on this point,
that the want of success in the culture of some Orchidaceous
plants, by even the most successful of our cultivators, is to
be in a great measure attributed.
Epiphytal Orchids are found in tropical countries growing
A 3
10 orchid-geowee's manual.
on the low grounds or plains, and they are also met -with as we
ascend the mountains up to an elevation of 14,000 feet above
the level of the sea. At this altitude, in New Grenada, On-
cidium nubic/enwn flourishes. This is, we believe, the greatest
altitude at which these plants are recorded to have been found.
Odontoglossum Alexandra, and O. Bluntii occur at from 7,000
to 8,000 feet elevation, as does 0. luteo-purimreiim and its
varieties, together with Masdevallias, Bestrepias, and mam-
others from Peru and New Grenada. At such elevations, as a
matter of course, the plants are naturally subjected to a low
temperature, an abundant supply of water, and a very moist
atmosphere throughout the year, and consequently they cannot
endure a resting season or a period of drought vmder cultiva-
tion. But if we turn to the Eastern Continent, we find such
plants as Dendrohium infundibulum, D. Jamesianum, D. chrij-
sotoxum, D. Farmeri, D. suavissinmm, Aerides Lobbii, Sacco-
lahhun ampuUaceum, S. f/iganteum, Cypripedium concoJor,
Cyinbidiwn tigrinum, &c., all growing at elevations varying from
2,000 to 7,000 feet, enjoying a copious supply of water during
their period of growth, and subjected to a very severe resting
season. Now, as these plants grow upon the stems and
branches of the forest trees, or upon rocks, they must neces-
sarily be exposed to all the breezes that blow. How reprehen-
sible, then, is the practice of many growers of Orchids in
trying to exclude fresh air from their Orchid houses. For the
well-being of Orchids, it should be remembered that a free
circulation of air is absolutely necessary, as well as an abun-
dance of light ; but cold draughts, and also the burning effects
of the sun's rays, must be avoided, for it is not essential to
their well-being to be hung up close to the glass, fully exposed
to the blazing sun ; indeed, the life of the plants would, under
such circumstances, soon be sucked out of them if shading
were not provided.
HABITATS OF TROPICAL ORCHIDS. 11
There are so-called observers of nature who blame the
cultivator for many of his acts, and he has perhaps suffered
more wrong at the hands of this class of persons upon the
matter of shading, than upon any other. "We are frequently
told that in a state of nature such and such plants grow in
most exposed situations — situations open to the full effects of
a tropical sun, and that nothing can be more erroneous than
the manner in which we use "blinds" for the purpose of
keeping away the bright light of that luminary. There are,
no doubt, exceptions to this rule ; for instance, many of the
Australian Dendrobes, such as D. higibbum, D. siqyerbieus, D.
Goldiei, the Indian D. formosxim, &c., we have grown with
the best results, without the slightest shade. All we can say in
answer to the objectors is that they totally lose sight of the fact
that our plants are growing under glass, which has the power
of burning up the leaves and thus disfiguring our plants for
years, if not for hfe ; and that sunlight under glass is very
different to that in the open, where the wind counteracts its
burning properties to a certain extent. A little practice would
soon teach such persons how erroneous their ideas are on this
point, and they would soon sink their so-called natural treat-
ment, had they to be responsible for the effects produced thereby.
In leaving this part of our subject, we must add that plant -
growers are now keenly alive to the advantage of strong sun-
light for their plants, but that they are too practical to allow
more than is advantageous to them under the artificial cir-
cumstances in which they are j)laced.
12 oechid-gkowek's manual.
THE SEASON FOR COLLECTING ORCHIDS.
E are extremely sorry to see the large importations
which are sent home in the autumn and winter
months, and sold by auction during the cold
season, without any regard to the requirements of the plants,
or to the interests of the buyers, who are told that the plants
have had no cold to hurt them. Such plants, nevertheless, as
soon as they reach home, and are housed, lose their leaves,
and eventually die. The loss of the money and also of the
new and valuable plant, for which a high price has been paid —
with a view to secure the best form of some new and rare kind
— must be very annoying to the purchaser. If collectors will
insist upon sending and importers on receiving these plants
in winter, they should keep them in their own Orchid houses
until they get established, or show some signs of being of use
to those who feel disposed to pay handsomely for them. The
smaller bu3'ers also have their losses, being assured by those
who import the plants that they have had them in their
possession, and exposed in their Orchid houses, for so long a
time, while the fact is that many are kept from the light.
Moreover, when they are sold, it is not merely the cold weather
that meets them as they come from their native country that
destroys them, but exposing them at sales and keeping
them in cold places, after they have arrived safely. We have
seen nearly every plant of an importation lost through this
treatment. Take, for instance, the East Indian Orchids ;
these are sold in winter, and to all appearance are in good
health, having their green foliage upon them, but when they
are put into light and warm houses the leaves turn black or
brown, and fall oif ; then the heart of the plant goes, and it
THE SEASON FOR COLLECTING OBCHIDS. lo
becomes quite useless ; whereas, if the plant had been sent
home in spring or summer, there would have been a chance
of saving it if the leaves had been on it and it had not been
exposed to the cold. Such importations are not only a loss
to the buyers, but also to the collector, as there are many
lots that cannot be sold, and have to be thrown away.
There is another great evil attending importations, but this
occurs in their native country ; the plants are heedlessly tofti
from their natural habitats, which are sometimes ruthlessly
cleared of the beautiful flowers that cannot be replaced in
the locality. "We are sorry to hear of some of our collectors
having so little respect for these treasures of nature's pro-
duction that they gather all they can, having no regard for
the future, and not even leaving a few plants in the locality
to increase and multiply by shedding their seed to germinate
naturally over the mountains, rocks, and trees. If this kind
of work continues, there will be but few Orchids left, except-
ing where the collectors cannot get at them. It is to be
feared that some of our collectors do not go for the love of
the plants, but to make all they can for the time being,
heedless as to whether they would be able to get more the
following season.
Our botanists who from time to time have travelled have
gone out for the love of the plants, and in order to gain
knowledge of them. These men have freely imparted the
information they have obtained to those who have remained
at home, by giving a record of their travels, and by collecting
dried specimens of new and old species, as well as living
plants, for the extension of our collections, and the increase of
our knowledge of the peculiar characteristics of the plants.
We are well aware that the demand for them at the present
day is very great, there being now a larger number of culti-
vators ; and as the plants get cheaper the greater will be the
14 orchid-geow^r's manual.
demand. This we can prove by referring to the hundreds of
cultivators who have started since we commenced the culture
of these wonderful plants — no doubt, because there are no
flowers that are so suitable for decorative purposes, and none
that give the same amount of pleasure, and last so long when
on the plant, or when cut and put in water to be used as an
adornment for the drawing-room or the dinner-table. Again,
when grown into specimens for our exhibitions they are always
the most attractive objects, and where banks of these plants
are staged crowds of admirers are constantlv to be found.
HINTS ON COLLECTING ORCHIDS.
jHERE are many different ways of importing Orchids
to this country. "VVe have seen some that have
arrived in good condition, while others have been
completely destroyed by not being properly prepared before
starting. The first and most important thing is to prepare
them for their journey. The next most important matter,
perhaps the most important of all, is to start them on their
journey at the proper time. Our opinion is, that the plants
should be sent away from their native country during the dry
season, which is when they are at rest. While inactive their
leaves and pseudobulbs are thoroughly ripened and firm, and
contain but little sap ; whereas, when they are growing the
foliage is necessarily tender, and in greater danger of being
bruised, a circumstance which accelerates decay during the
voyage. Another reason in favour of dormant importation is,
that, if sent in a growing state, or just as they are starting
into growth, the young shoots push out while on the journey,
and for want of light and air become weak and dwindling,
HINTS ON COLLECTING ORCHIDS. 15
very often dying outright as soon as exposed. We have seen
many a fine mass of Cattleya imported with all the leading
growths completely rotten, which, of course, greatly lessens
the value of the plant as compared with those that arrive
perfect, and which are just ready to start into growth as soon
as they are put into a warm house. Plants which on arrival
have pushing pseudobulbs are also apt to lose their leading
eyes, an accident fatal to some Orchids, for many do not
break well, if at all, from old bulbs.
The species oi Ac rides, Saccolabiwit, Vanda, Auf/racuiii, and
similar plants that have no fleshy bulbs to support, are best
imported after they have become established on flat pieces of
wood, so that they can be nailed to the sides of their travelling
cases. We once received a consignment of Orchids from Manilla,
including amongst other fine plants some beautiful examples of
Phalanopsis Schilleriana, P. rosea, P. amahilis,P. intermedia,
Aerides quinqihevidneruin, andSaccolahiumviolaceum, all estab-
lished and sent ofi'in the way just described ; they had evidently
been growing some time before they were started for this
country, for on arrival their roots adhered firmly to the wood,
and many of their leaves were as green as though they had
been in an Orchid house, instead of having made such a long
sea-voyage in a glass-topped case.
One point of importance is to take care to secure the plants
well to the sides of the cases ; because, if allowed to roll or
swing about, they get bruised and soon rot, which is very
vexing after all the trouble and expense bestowed on importing
them. In the case of the Phalcenopsis Schilleriana just
referred to, some of the pieces of wood had become loose, and
these from rolling about during the journey had caused injuries.
In such cases, if any leaves are bruised during the journey, the
best way is to cut them off at once before decay begins ; for if
allowed to go on, there will be danger of the whole plant being
16 ORCHID- grower's MANUAL.
<lestroyed. With the cases just alluded to, we received also a
close box filled with Phaltenopsids packed in the dry bark of
trees, which is a very bad material for such tender-leaved
plants, for when unpacked there was not a green leaf to be
seen ; the shaking of the rough packing material during the
long journey had destroyed all the foliage. If these had been
packed firmly in very dry soft moss, they would most likely
have travelled safely.
We have received plants in good condition from India in
close boxes, packed in dry soft wood shavings ; while on the
other hand many have been entirely spoiled in that way.
The cause of failure we attribute to their not being packed in
a proper state ; the plants themselves, as well as the material
employed, should be well dried before packing, and care
should be taken to avoid bruises, which often prove fatal.
Cattleyas and plants with similar pseudobulbs we have received
in close boxes from Brazil, packed in dry shavings, and have
found them, when opened, in good condition ; but care had
evidently been taken to pack them firmly so that they did not
shake about in the boxes on their journey.
The best time of year for receiving Orchids in this country
is, if possible, the spring, in order that they may have the
summer before them in which to get established.
With the Ancectochili the best way is to tie some moss round
their roots and stems to keep them firm, leaving the foliage
free just above the moss ; they should occupy a small case by
themselves. These little things are very tender, and therefore
require a great deal of care to import them alive. On arrival,
pot them in some dry soil (see Ancectochilus), and put them
in a close place with little heat at first, until they begin 'to
grow ; afterwards pot them separately in small pots, and place
them under hand-glasses or in a frame, giving them the treat-
ment usually recommended for this class of plants.
HINTS ON COLLECTING ORCHIDS. 17
Cases in which Orchitis are scut home ought to be made
s roug, and roofed with good stout glass uot easily broken ; for
we have often found plants spoiled by the glass being fractured.
Through an accident of this kind, salt water and cold air may
get in, both of which are very injurious. All cases should
be air-tight and water-tight, except a round hole at each end,
covered with wire gauze inside and out, to allow the damp air
to escape. To prevent the glass being broken, the best thing
to place over it is some strong iron wire, or perforated zinc, or
stout and broad wooden bars. The sash bars ought also to be
made very strong, and the case must not be placed during the
journey too near heated surfaces or fires in the ship. We have
seen many boxes of plants spoiled by being set in such posi-
tions, the leaves being completely dried up. They ought to
be placed in a moderately warm situation, but by no means
near any fii-es. Many plants also arrive in this country in a
dead or dying state, from the effects of full exposure to the
rays of the sun ; this, however, may be obviated by simply
painting the glass white inside, but it must be allowed to
become thoroughly dry before being fastened down.
During the past year or two an immense quantity of
Orchids have been sent to this country, a large proportion of
which have proved to be dead upon arrival. This may per-
haps be assigned to several causes, but the rapacious appetite of
the collector is the principal one, the boxes being overcrowded
by his sending home thousands instead of being satisfied
with a few dozens, and as a consequence all have arrived
dead. Another probable cause of this loss is, that they may
have been gathered at the wrong season. All this is sad to
contemplate, involving as it may do the extermination of the
plants in their native homes, besides loss of time to the
collector, which, combined with the loss of money, causing
vexation and disappointment to the trade cultivator at homo.
18 orchid-grower's manual.
have a most depressing influence upon Orchid growing.
These deplorable results might be avoided if collectors would
be satisfied with a less number of plants, and would attend to
the few simple rules given in this chapter, adapting them, to
suit the circumstances in which they find themselves placed.
RISKS OF COLLECTING ORCHIDS.
HERE is no doubt that there are many conditions,
sometimes peculiar ones, under which Orchids can
be successfully grown ; and much has yet to be
learned regarding their requii'ements, the methods of cultiva-
tion to which they may be subjected, and the amount of
endurance they possess. The treatment they receive after
their arrival from their native habitats, is also to them a matter
of importance. Before they come into our hands, they are
found growing in a perfectly natural way, without human aid,
having, of course, their native climate to enjoy, I'eceiving
heavy moisture by night, which they absorb and store up
for their immediate sustenance, and being also favoured
with a rain}' season as well as a dry one. These difierent
conditions of course exactly meet their wants in their
growing and resting seasons respectively. It must be a
delightful sight to witness them growing and flowering in this
natural way, throwing oft' their sweet perfume to the breeze,
while the roots cling to the branches and stems of the trees
where they abound, and in which situations they multiply by
means of the seeds scattered from the withered seed-pods.
This seed in process of time germinates and forms young
plants which finally get established on the branches, and there
the fallen leaves, settling among their roots, by feeding impart
RISKS OF COLLECTING ORCHIDS. 19
to them new vigour, thus preparing them to enter upon and
endure the alternating season of drought. Their foliage helps
to direct the natural moisture and to retain it about the roots,
which are thus enabled to grow more freely, and to fasten them-
selves securely to the branches and stems of the trees on which
they become located.
In their native habitats Orchids have many drawbacks to
their growth ; they have insects, as we have in our houses, but
far more numerous ; and they have the extremes of weather to
contend with. The plants are generally found on the high
trees at the margins of the forests, where they are subject
to rough winds and furious storms ; in fact, large trees are
often blown down loaded with the beautiful blossoms of the
plants growing on them, and are frequently destroyed in this
way. The stock, however, is generally maintained by the
seedlings, which are found to be much more abundant in
some localities than in others.
It often happens that, when being removed from their
native resorts, the plants are injured by the collectors and by
the natives whom they employ to gather them from the high
trees and other places difficult of access. They are frequently
packed in sacks and transported on the backs of mules, in
order to reach the sea-port for shipment ; and the native men
who help to pack them are very indifferent as to how the
bulbs and foliage, which require so much care, are handled.
The voyage these plants have to undergo is often very detri-
mental to them. Sometimes they are placed on a part of the
vessel where they get too much di-y heat, or where they may
get the salt water on them, and these injuries often cause them
to rot, or the very life to be shrivelled out of them. A good
proportion of the importations, however, seem to endure,
notwithstanding the treatment they receive after their arrival
here, though passing through hands that have no love what-
20 orchid-grower's manual.
ever for them beyond the hope of selling them to the best
advantage, and which care little or nothing for the bruises
they sustain, and for the bulbs that get broken. After all this
they thrive well in many cases. This shows us that when
the plants are in a dormant state rough treatment is not so
injurious, but in this case the eyes must be plump, and then,
when placed in a warm house where there is some moisture,
they will soon make plants with fine bulbs, and they may also
flower. If the plants are allowed to make growth on their
journey they will generally be found to damp or rot ofi"; and
although some Orchids which have strong bulbs produce
plump eyes from the back bulbs, and will break away freely,
yet in the case of the delicate kinds their offshoots will break
weakly and pine away. Such as these require close watching,
which those who delight in their pets will not fail to bestow
on them, and there is then a chance of saving them.
Our ways and means of imitating nature are very limited,
but we do succeed in very many cases, although so large a
number — hundreds of them — are lost through the rough treat-
ment of which we have spoken, and for which there is really
no help ; for in the plants' native countries our collectors have
to undergo much hardship and privation in order to secure for
us these floral gems, and many brave lives have been lost in
the endeavour to do so. Some of our most clever botanists
have sacrificed their lives in endeavouring to procure for us
these treasures ; hence to those who have survived and still
persevere to send us new consignments, we owe many thanks.
No one knows the trouble and expense of collecting Orchids
but those who have gone or sent out men in search of these
precious plants ; they deserve all they get and more for the
risk they rim, since their attempts are frequently fruitless, for
it often happens that after collecting for months the plants
are all lost, not through their neglect, but from unavoidable
RISKS OF COLLECTING ORCHIDS. 21
mishaps and unfavourable conditions. For example, the cool
Orchids have to come through hot countries before they are
shipped, and then long delays often occur to lengthen the time
taken by the voyage. Again, when coming from a hot climate
they often reach this country at the cold season. In fact,
none but those who are at the expense of importing Orchids
from these distant lands have any idea of the risks incurred.
Another risk to which importers are subject relates to the
sale of the plants ; many have to be sold privately, others at
public auctions. If they are new and fine species they generally
sell well, and should there be buyers for that particular class
they frequently realise a fair sum, whilst many other good
kinds may be sold at prices which are not sufiicient to pay the
expenses of getting them home. New species may turn up in
these importations, and of these the buyers get the benefit,
instead of the collectors, who do not see them in bloom when
collecting so as to be able to pick out the grand varieties that
sometimes turn up, and are often worth more than the whole
collection has been sold for. This is where the purchaser reaps
the benefit. Of course, on the other hand, there is risk in
buying imported plants, since there are many that do not turn
out as represented, for which the collectors are often blamed ;
and no doubt they are wrong in some cases, being deceived by
the similarity in growth of different species, which can only be
correctly determined when in bloom. Or in other cases a
few plants only may be in flower, and the collector concludes
that all growing there are alike, the foliage being of the same
character, and the plants being sold as such, the unfortunate
collector gets blamed for selling the wrong plant, though
without his knowledge or intention. On the other hand there
have been cases where plants have been sold under wrong
names and accompanied by wrong descriptions, through the
ignorance of the collector, who does not know the species he is
'l-l ORCHID-GROWER S MANUAL.
describing. There are not very many of the collectors of the
present day who have a thorough knowledge of Orchids ; and
those who have it not should get some one well acquainted
with the species they have brought home to name them for
them if possible ; or if not known they should be sold as
unnamed species, by which means the buj-er takes his chance,
and the collector gets no blame.
Those who have carefully studied the Orchids, and are
acquainted with their peculiarities, can usually tell the
species, unless it be something new that has not come under
their notice before ; even then it is often possible to give
a very good guess, especially if the genus that it belongs to,
the country it comes from, and such other points as become
familiar to an observant eye, are known. The old adage,
" Knowledge overcometh difficulties," justifies itself in this
case. There are persons who have grown Orchids but a few
3'ears, and who think they know more than those who have
had large collections always under their charge, and who are
acknowledged to be close observers of the different species and
varieties, and who besides have had the opportunity to get
acquainted with all the old Orchids as well as the new ones.
There is, if Orchidists w^ould only admit it, a great deal to be
learned from cultivators of these plants, as almost every person
has some ideas of his own upon the subject, and these ideas
can often be adopted by others with good results.
We are sometimes apt to think we can easily pick out the
different varieties of families by their general aspect, but
experience teaches us otherwise ; we may be able to do so
with some kinds, but it is quite a chance, a great deal depending
upon the locality and the situation in which the specimens are
grown. In some places the bulbs will be short, in others
quite different. Cattleyas and Lmlias, for instance, are often
brought home grown in this way, which makes it difficult to
RISKS OF COLLECTING ORCHIDS. I'S
distinguish them, and there are also other kinds of Orchids,
such as Odontofjlots, to which the same remark applies. Some-
times a particular species may have dark-coloured bulbs, and
at other times light green ones, and yet be of the same variety
with the same flowers. This adds to the difficulty of identify-
ing the difierent kinds. In the case of Odontoglossum Alex-
andra; there are some bulbs that will enable the observer to tell
if the varieties are likely to be good as to form and size, but one
cannot tell the colour. There are no doubt localities where
the best species and varieties have been observed to abound,
and when this is the case bad kinds very rarely appear in these
spots, even through insect agency. Collectors should en-
deavour to avoid sending home the bad strains of these plants.
Many of them are acquiring more knowledge of the localities
where the best varieties are to be found, and they begin to see
that the good forms pay the best, since they take up no more
room than the bad ones, and buyers are willing to pay more
for them instead of growing the poor varieties, of which there
are so many sold in auction rooms. Even purchasers now
appear to know more than they did of the quality of the
plants by the appearance of the bulbs, though sometimes they
are disappointed. On the other side there is the chance of
picking up new ones among those which are not considered
to be of the right sort, so that it is advisable not to destroy
any until they have flowered ; even then, if the plant is weak,
though the flowers may be poor, yet if there is form and sub-
stance in them, it is best to grow them on and flower them
again, and then it is more than probable they may be
approved.
24 okchid-geower's manual.
ORCHID TREATMENT DURING GROWTH.
|E have in our Orchid houses plants from localities
which vary much in every respect ; some of them,
moreover, produce their flowers early in spring,
in summer, and others again during the dull days of
It will therefore he readily understood that the
period of starting into growth should vary also ; but as for
convenience sake we rest our Orchids in winter, the majority
will begin to push up their young shoots as soon as the days
lengthen and the sun gains increased power. This being the
case, when the growing season commences, the temperature
of the East Indian house — the house in which the greatest
heat is maintained — should be increased to 65° by night and
70° by day, while by sun-heat it may be allowed to range up
to 75°. As the days lengthen, so the temperature may be
permitted to increase ; and during the months of May,
June, July, and August, it should range from 70° to 75° by
night, and from 75° to 80° by day, or by sun-heat up to 85°,
or even 90°, which will not do any harm, provided the plants
are shaded from the direct rays of the sun. Great attention
should, at the same time, be paid to the state of the atmos-
phere, as regards moisture. At all times of the year this is
of much importance to the successful growth of the plants,
since they derive the greater part of their subsistence from
moisture in the air. Wherever, therefore, any of these
plants are growing, the atmosphere should be well supplied
with moisture, which is obtained by pouring water over
the tables, walls, and paths of the house every morning
and afternoon ; this causes a nice moist heat to rise, which
is of great value whilst the plants are in a vigorous state of
ORCHID TREATMENT DURING GROWTH. "Zij
growth, especially as regards the East Indian Orchids, such
as A'erides, Saccolahium, Vanda, Plialanopsis, Dendrohnim,
and many others requiring a high temperature, with a con-
siderable degree of moisture.
The Brazilian Orchids, most of which come from a cooler
climate than the foregoing, and one not so highly saturated
with vapour, of course require less heat and less moisture,
hut these should also have a considerable degree of warmth
during their growing season ; consequently the houses which
arc devoted to the Brazilian plants and to some of those from
Mexico, should be artificially heated to about 60° by night,
and from 65"^ to 70'^ by day ; and as the days lengthen the
temperature may be allowed to increase, so that during the
months of May, June, July, and August the night heat may
range from 05° to 70°, and by day from 70° to 85°.
Of late years we have had so many additions to what are
called Cool-house Orchids, that it is quite necessary there
should be added another house specially for their cultivation,
and which we may call the New Grenadan and Peruvian house.
A plan of such a house will be found at page 59. This will
accommodate a great number of plants from various high
mountain districts, which may be grown together under the
same treatment. We do not recommend ordinary greenhouses
for Orchids, for our belief is, that very few Orchid growers
will long uphold that treatment ; and although we are told by
collectors that many of the species of epiphytal Orchids are
found in localities where the temperature falls so low at times
that the plants are frequently covered with hoar frost, we do
not think it expedient to subject them to such cool treatment
in this country. The house we recommend for the Odonto-
r/lossums and other genera and species that come from similar
regions, and, consequently, require the same treatment, is
precisely the same as others, only it must be kept at a lower
26 • OECHiD- grower's manual.
temperature, say from 45° to 55° in winter, and from 50° to
65° in summer. This house should be well shaded from the
sun with raised blinds (see p. 66), which will help to keep
the heat down, as too much heat is dangerous for these cool
Orchids. No fire-heat will be required in summer except on
cold or wet days and nights, the object of then having re-
course to artificial heat, being to keep the house from getting
too damp, dampness without the proper degree of warmth
being very detrimental to plants of this order.
There are but few Orchids that will do without heat
altogether, except those that come from North America and
other cold climates, and these will be treated on in a chapter
hj themselves.
ORCHID TREATMENT DURING REST.
IS the time of starting into growth varies considerably
with different kinds, so also, as a matter of course,
will the season of rest, although with but few ex-
ceptions it comes on during the autumn months. Rest, it has
been elsewhere stated, is of great importance to Orchids, as
well as to other things. No plant will continue long in good
health without it. Our practice is to give them a long season
of rest, generally from November to the middle of February.
During this time the temperature of the East Indian house
should be regulated so as to keep it as nearly as possible at
60° by night and 65° by day, though by sun-heat the tem-
perature may rise a few degrees higher, but air must then be
given so as to keep it about 65° ; a few degrees of solar
warmth above this point will, however, do no harm. A little
air should be given on every fine day, in order to di-y up the
moisture ; but the air must be admitted so as to pass over
ORCHID TREATMENT DURING REST. Z7
and between the hot-water pipes, so that it may become
warmed on entering the house. In the case of those plants
that come from the hotter parts of India, the temperature
should not be allowed to go below 60°. The BraziHan house,
which may also include all the species from the warmer parts
of Mexico, should range from 50° to 55° by night, and from
55° to 60° by day ; this should not be allowed to go below
50° at night. The New Grenadan, or cool-house, should not
be allowed to get below about 45° at night.
Rest is induced by lowering the temperature, and with-
holding water. During this period the plants should only
receive suflScient water to keep them from shrivelling. There
are, however, some that will grow during the winter months,
amongst which may be enumerated many species of A'erides,
Vanda, Saccolabium, Phalanopsis, Zygopetalum, and similar
genera. These will require water at the roots to keep them
increasing, but care should be taken not to wet the young
shoots, for if they get wet they are very apt to rot. Those
that are growing should be placed at the warmest end of the
respective houses, giving all the light possible.
Some Orchids are deciduous, losing their leaves after they
have finished their growth. To this class belong the species
of Cijrtopodium, Barkeria, Cycnoclies, Thuiiia alba, T. Ben-
sonicE, and T. Marshalliana , some of the Dendrobiums and
Calanthes, with Plcione maculata, P. Wallichiana, P.
lagenaria, and many others. These should be always so
placed that they may have as much light and sun during
their season of rest as possible. This is the only way to
ripen their pseudobulbs, which causes them to grow stronger,
and to flower more freely. When at rest the previously
named kinds require but very little water, but when those
without pseudobulbs like Vanda, Angracum, A'erides, Sacco-
labium, and Phalanopsis are at rest, they should never be
B 2
20 015CHID-GE0WER S MANUAL,
allowed to get too dry at the root ; the moss about them
should always be kept a little damp, for the stems and leaves
are very apt to shrivel if kept too dry, and this often causes
them to lose then- bottom leaves. Moreover, they require
but a short season of rest. Those which are growing on
blocks will require more water thau those which are in pots
or baskets, and if the weather be fine, should be watered about
tAvice or three times a week, just so as to keep them moist,
but in dull weather they will not require watering so often.
Water should be poured over the paths and walks every fine
morning, with a view to create a moist atmosphere, but the
moisture in the house must be regulated according to the
weather outside — a ver}' important factor in the details of
management. Thus, if the weather be dull outside, the
house must be kept rather drier inside. The glass and roof
should always, especially in winter, be perfectly clean, so that
the plants at that season may have full light and sun. It is
our practice, as soon as the season of rest commences, to
wash every pane of glass in the house, both inside and out-
side, and also the wood and brickwork, for cleanliness is one
of the main points to be kept in view to ensure good results.
ADAPTATION OF TREATMENT TO SURROUNDING
CONDITIONS.
HERE is more variation in the localities in which
we are placed than most of us imagine. In some
parts of the country a nice pure mild atmosphere
prevails during the greater part of the year, while in
others there is a large proportion of cold and wet. There
are other localities in which our plant houses are placed
ADAPTATION OF TEEATMENT TO SURROUNDING CONDITIONS. iiO
where they are exposed to high and cutting winds, and
others in which they are sheltered on the side of a hill,
or in some valley surrounded by hills and trees, on the south
side of which they get the full benefit of the sun and light all
the year round. Of course plants located under the latter
conditions have a greater chance of making robust growth,
if they get suitable treatment, than those difi'erently situated.
When plants are grown near large towns, where they have
to contend with fogs and smoke during the autumn and winter
months, it is often found that there is a moister atmosphere
also to contend with during the season in which we get but
little sun and light, in consequence of the shortness of the
days ; in such cases this difference of climate must be
guarded against, and the degree of moisture must be carefully
studied so as to suit the different genera under cultivation.
The rule we lay down must be followed, namely, to be
guided by the conditions of the locality and its surround-
ings, and also by those of the locality in which the plants
are found growing in their native country. A great deal
depends upon attention to these apparently simple points ;
and those who study their own localities, and the variation
of climate to which they may be subject in different parts of
the country, will find themselves more successful in their
efforts to achieve success.
There is also a great deal dependent on the positions in
which plants are placed in our Orchid houses. They will
often be found to thrive better in one part of the house than
in another. This is found out by experience and persevering
observation. If a plant does not do well in one spot try it in
another, and when a suitable place is found let it alone. It
is astonishing how differently various plants will thrive in
different houses, whether it be Orchid houses, stoves, or
warm greenhouses.
30 orchid-gkower's manual.
We have found this out by reason of want of space in our
Orchid houses compelHng us to place certain plants in houses
having a different temperature, and in which it has turned
out that they have succeeded far better, made better growths,
and bloomed more freely. When we find they succeed in
this way, we keep them under these conditions, treating them
otherwise according to their especial wants. It must be the
same with all plant growers. If success is to be obtained, the
requirements of the plants to be dealt with must be studied,
and the cultivator should never be satisfied until the requisite
point for the particular plant to be dealt with has been gained.
Always take notes of any successes which have been attained,
and never think because you have been successful that the
plants will do by themselves and require no further care or
study to keep them up to the same standard of health.
Some persons seem to think that if they have grown their
plants well once they can do so again without further trouble,
but this is a great mistake ; the same forethought and atten-
tion must be given as before ; and we find that there is
always something to be learnt by even the most successful
of Orchid growers.
One thing we have always endeavoured to avoid, and that
is following the advice of different cultivators ; no doubt
there is something to be learnt from all by all, but the
advice should be cautiously taken. We have seen growers
rush into new methods of treatment at once without studying
their own appliances, their locality, and their surroundings,
and the result has often proved to be failure. Even when one
hears of new ideas which are to result in the accomplishment
of some extraordinary success, it often happens that before
the task is finished the failure is complete. The reason of
this failure is hard to tell ; they have overdone the matter,
or have not kept up the treatment once practised, or there
TREATMENT OF NEWLY-IMPORTED PLANTS. 31
has been some change in the temperature, or in watering
the plants, or perhaps insects have been working mischief.
There are so many reasons for failure that it is difficult to
tell which may apply in each individual case.
TEEATMENT OF NEWLY-IMPORTED PLANTS.
HEN unpacked these should have every leaf and
bulb sponged over, and all the decayed parts re-
moved— not torn off, but cut clean off with a sharp
knife. There are many insects that harbour about Orchids,
such as the cockroach, and different kinds of scale, all of which
are great pests. When cleaned they should be laid on dry
moss and placed in some part of the Orchid house, where
they are shaded from the sun. Water must be given very
sparingly at first, as it is liable to rot them ; too much of
either light, heat, or moisture is at first very injurious. If
they are put in moss or peat it should be gradually moistened,
and when they begin to grow and make roots, they should be
potted, or put on blocks or in baskets, but care should be
taken not to have the pots too large, over-potting being
dangerous.
We find it a still better plan to fill the pots nearly full of
broken potsherds and charcoal, and to place the plants on the
top of this until they begin to grow and make fresh roots.
We have treated them in this way now for some years, and
find the plants start much better, and they can be supplied
with more moisture without fear of rotting them. By having
recourse to this method they plump up much sooner, and
break more freely, and the water passes away without becoming-
stagnant. After the plants have well started a little rough
32 orchid-grower's manual.
peat or sphagnum moss mixed with charcoal may be placed
upon the crocks. By the addition of charcoal the soil is kept
sweet and open, in addition to which the roots will cling to it.
If baskets are preferred the plants can be treated in the
same way in them. If placed on blocks they require to
be put in a moister atmosphere and to be often syringed,
as they will of course dry up sooner than if in pots or
baskets.
We have also found hanging up the plants in a moist
house, without anything about their roots, a good plan where
room is scarce ; they will break freely in this way, but they
are inconvenient to move about as the roots get broken.
As soon as symptoms of growth are observable, those
which come from the hotter parts of India should be put
at the warmest end of the house, but they should not have
too much moisture when first starting into growth. Those
which come from the more temperate regions should be kept
in the coolest part of the house. They should not be per-
mitted to stand in the way of drip, as this frequently rots
the young shoots as soon as they appear. Such plants as the
species of Vanda, Saccolabiicm, A'erides, Anyracum, Phala-
nopsis, &c., we place so that the heart or crown hangs down-
wards, in which position no water can lodge about them.
They should hang for about a fortnight, and may afterwards
be put in pots, on blocks, or in baskets, with crocks until
they begin to grow, when some moss should be placed about
their roots ; but they must have but little water until they
begin to grow, and make new roots, after which they may be
treated in the same manner as established plants. This is
much the safest mode of treating these valuable Orchids
on their first arrival in this country. Always be careful to
keep the sun from them until they show signs of growth.
GROUP OF ORCHIDS, ARRANGED W
ITH FERNS AND FOLIAGE PLANTS,
TREATMENT OF PLANTS IN BLOOM. 33
TEEA.TMENT OF PLANTS IN BLOOM.
"HERE are many Orchids that when in flower may
be removed to a much cooler house than that in
which they are grown, or even to a warm sitting-
room. The advantage of keeping the plants during their
period of flowering in a cool and dry atmosphere, rather
than, as is frequently the case, in a hot and moist house, is,
that in the former case the flowers last much longer than they
do when retained in the warmer and moister atmosphere.
Perhaps there are not many cultivators who have studied this
point more than we have done, and we have never found the
plants to be injured by this treatment. Some imagine that if
they are put in a cool place they will sufier damage ; but this
has not occurred in our experience. During the time they
are in a room or cool-house, the temperature should not
fall below 50° at night ; the room or house should be kept
quite dry ; and before they are removed from the stove they
should be put at the coolest end of it ; or if there are two
houses, those that are in the hottest should be moved to the
coolest for a few days before being taken into the room, and
they should be allowed to get nearly dry, that is, they should
while in the cool apartment receive but very little water —
only enough to keep the roots moist.
We prefer to have a house or easily accessible compart-
ment set apart for the reception of flowering Orchids, where
during their flowering season they can be treated according
to their special requirements. If they are kept in the grow-
ing house they soon become spotted, and the damp injures
the flowers and causes them to decay. We have such a house
and find it a great advantage for prolonging the flowering
E 3
34 ORCHID-GEO wee's MANUAL.
The following are a few of those which we have tried in a
sitting-room during the months of May, June, July, and
August. We have kept Saccolahium guttatum in this way for
five weeks, and Aerides affine for the same time. Amides
odoratum, A. roseum, and some of the Dendrohmms, as D.
nobile and D, cceridescens, we have kept in a room for four
or five weeks. Bcndrohium Linmvianum, D. siqjerhiim, T>.
pulchellum, and D. Wardianum, last a much longer time in
bloom if they are kept cool than if in a high temperature.
Various species of Brassia, Oncidium, Epidendrum, Odonto-
(jlossjivi, CyrtocMlum, TricJiopilia, and Maxillaria, with
Lycaste Skinneri, L. aromatica, L. cruenta, Aspasia lunata,
and all the Cattleyas, succeed well in a cool room or house, in
which their flowers keep fresh for a much longer time. We
have kept Lcclm majalis in a cool room for four or five weeks,
and L. flava, under similar circumstances, will also keep a
much longer time in blossom than if left in the warm house.
When the flowers begin to fade, the plants should be
taken back to the Orchid house, where they may be placed in
the coolest end, with plenty of shade ; they should be kept
in this position for about ten days, for if they are at once
exposed to the sun they are very apt to become scorched.
Those flowers which it is desired to preserve should not in
any case be wetted, as this will cause them to become spotted,
and they will then soon decay. This is a very important point.
ON MAKING ORCHID BASKETS.
LOCKS and baskets are most natural receptacles for
growing the true air-plants, such as Vanda, Saccola-
hixim, Aerides, Angr(BCum,Phcd(Bnopsis, &c. When
planted in baskets or on blocks, these send out their roots
ORCHID BASKET ■WITH
EXTENDED ENDS.
ORCHID BASKET,
ORDINARY SHAPE.
SMALL ORCHID
BASKET.
bo OKCHID-GROWER S MANUAL.
much more vigorously into the air, and suck up the moisture,
whereas, if their roots are covered too much, they are very
apt to rot. Mr. R. Warner has invented a flat block made of
ordinary pottery clay, with holes in it, and his plants are
thriving well on these.
Various materials are used for forming baskets. Some-
times they are made of copper wire, which is verj^ durable.
Others are made from the ordinary material in use for making
flower-pots — these are very good indeed, and have a neat
appearance. We have some very good ones of this descrip-
tion ; they are round, about six inches deep, with holes in
the bottom, and made of the ordinary pottery clay ; they are,
moreover, very useful, as they last a long time, and the plants
do well in them. We have also for some years used small
earthenware pans of difterent sizes for many kinds of Orchids
with very beneficial results ; they have three holes in their
sides, and are attached to the roof of the house by means of
wires ; they are deep enough to allow of sufficient drainage to
be put in them, as well as peat or moss, and we find the
plants do well in them, much better than on blocks, as they
do not dry up so quickly. We have saved many delicate
plants in this way. We, however, prefer generally those
made of wood, on account of their rustic appearance, and,
besides, the roots like to cling to the wood.
We have found teak wood to be the best for making
baskets, as it is hard and durable. The best baskets are those
of square shape, made of proportionate even-sized rods
without the bark, of which we give some sketches on page 35.
The wood should be cut into short lengths according to the size
of the basket required. They should not be too large, for there
are two objections to this : one is, that they take up much
space ; the other, that the plants do not require much room.
After the wood is cut into proper lengths, the pieces should
POTTING EPIPHYTAL OKCHIDS. 37
be bored within one inch from the ends, taking care to have
all the holes bored at the same distance : there should be
four lengths of copper wire, one for each corner, and this
wire being fastened at the bottom, should be put through the
hole in each piece of wood, and be afterwards brought up to
form the handle for suspending the plants from the roof.
Copper wire only should be used in making baskets, for any
other is probably injurious to the plants. Cylinders, rafts,
boats, &c., made of teak, as shown on page 35, are now
largely employed for Orchid culture.
The best kinds of wood for blocks are teak, acacia, apple,
pear, plum, maple, hazel, or cork. The w'ood should be cut
into lengths suitable for the size of the plants ; some copper
nails should be driven in at each end, to which should be
fastened copper wire to form the handle ; wind the wire round
each nail, and leave the handle about ten inches high. Small
copper nails, driven in on the surface of the block, serve, by
means of copper wire, to fasten the plants on to the blocks.
There are some imitation blocks made with pottery ware,
which are very neat, and last a long time, but it is question-
able if they are so congenial to the plants as wood. The
great advantage of growing Orchids on blocks or in baskets,
is that of being able to get the plants near the glass, where
they may reap the full benefits of sun and light.
POTTING EPIPHYTAL OKCHIDS.
I HEN the season of rest is over, many Orchids will
require re-potting, but in our practice we have not
confined ourselves to that time only. No season
can absolutely be determined on as the proper one for this
b» ORCHID-GROWER S MANUAL.
operation. The montlis of February and March — that is, after
the resting season, just before they begin to grow, are very
suitable for potting some of them. Those that do not require
potting should be top-dressed with good fibrous peat and
moss, the old soU being removed from the surface without
breaking the roots of the plants. This operation aflfords the
means of getting rid of many insects which harbour in the old
soil or crocks. The pots should be thoroughly cleansed from
the mould, moss, and dirt, which are too often seen covering
them. Cleanliness is one of the greatest aids in the success-
ful growth of Orchids. Previously to potting, the plants
should not receive any water for four or five days.
Some species should be potted at a somewhat later period,
that is, just as they begin to grow. All the species of
Phajus, CcdantJie, Dendrohium, Stanhojyea, Cyrtopodkan,
Brassia, MUtonia, Sobralia, Bletia, Oncidium, and many
others, require this treatment ; whilst those of Lcclia, Cattleya,
Saccolabium, Aeridcs, Yanda, and similar plants, should be
potted just before the commencement of their growing season.
The chief point to be attended to in all potting is that the
pots should be well drained, the best material for drainage
being potsherds or charcoal. Before potting, be particular
to have the pots perfectly clean and dry, inside and out, and
the broken potsherds should be washed. After this is done,
select a pot in accordance with the size of the plant, but do
not give too much pot-room. Some plants require shifting
once a year, while it may not be necessary to shift others
oftener than once in two or three years. If a plant becomes
sickly or soddened with wet, the best way to bring it back
into a healthy state is to turn it out of the pot or basket, and
wash the roots carefully with some clean tepid water, cutting
off such of them as are dead ; and then to repot it, not giving
it much water till it begins to make fresh roots. The best
POTTING EPIPHYTAL ORCHIDS. 39
pots are those in ordinary use. Some employ slate pots, but
they are not so good for Orchids as those made of clay.
In preparing the pots for large plants a small pot should be
turned upside down in the bottom of the larger one, filling in
around it with potsherds or charcoal broken up into pieces
about two inches square for large plants, and using smaller
pieces for smaller plants ; then introduce potsherds till within
three or four inches of the rim, and afterwards put on a layer
of moss to prevent the peat from settling down and impeding
the drainage, and preventing the water from passing off
quickly. This is of great importance, for if not attended to,
the water will become stagnant, and the soil sodden, which
is fatal to the health of the plant. The grand point to be
observed in the successful culture of Orchids, as well as most
other plants, is good drainage ; without that it is hopeless to
try to keep the roots long in a healthy condition, and if these
fail the plant goes with them.
The best material to be used in potting the different kinds
of epiphytal Orchids, when grown in pots, is a mixture of
good rough fibrous peat and live sphagnum moss. After the
layer of moss is applied, fill up the pot to the top with this
mixed peat and live sphagnum moss, and bear in mind not to
press the soil too closely, for we believe too firm potting to be
very injurious. The peat should be broken into lumps about
the size of a hen's egg ; and we always use broken potsherds
or charcoal mixed with the peat. The plant should be set so
as to be two or three inches above the rim of the pot, taking
care to have the base of all the pseudobulbs above the soil ;
then put some peat and moss on the top of the roots so as to
cover them, inserting a few small pegs in the soil to keep it
firmly on the pot. After the plants are potted fix a stick in
the centre of each, to keep it firm. In shifting, carefully
shake away all the old soil without injuring the roots. After
40 oechid-grower's manual.
potting, which should he done in the same way as recom-
mended helow for basketing, he careful not to give too much
•water at first ; but when the plants begin to make fresh roots
they may have a more plentiful supply.
The best material to be used for basketing the East Indian
kinds, such as A'e rides, Vanda, PhalcEnopsis, Saccolabium, and
similar growing kinds, is sphagnum moss and broken pot-
sherds. The basket should be suited to the size of the plant ;
it should not be too large, for it will not last more than
a few years if made of wood, by which time, probably, the
plant will require shifting into a larger one. There should
first be placed a layer of moss at the bottom of the basket,
then a few potsherds, and then the whole should be filled up
with moss and potsherds mixed. Take the plants carefully
out of the old basket, without breaking the roots, remove all
the old moss, place the plant on the new material, about level
with the top of the basket, fix a stick in the centre, to keep it
firm, cover the roots neatly with a layer of moss, and finish
off by giving a gentle watering.
Those plants that require billets of wood to grow upon
should have live moss attached to the blocks, if by experience
they are found to require it. Some species, however, do
better on bare blocks, but they need more frequent waterings,
as they are then almost entirely dependent on what is
obtained from the atmosphere. The plants must be fastened
firmly on the blocks, by means of copper or galvanised iron
nails, which are to be driven into the block, and then, with
copper wire, the plants must be firmly secured to the surface
of the wood. As soon as they make fresh roots they will
cling to the block, and the wire may be taken away.
POTTING TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS. 41
POTTING TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS.
HESE require a stroiiger compost than the epiphytal
kinds, but do not need so much drainage.
They should be potted just when they begin to
grow, after the resting season. The compost we prefer to
use for them is turfy loam chopped into pieces about the size
of a walnut, leaf mould or peat, and a little rotten cow or
horse-dung, all being mixed thoroughly together. The plants
require good-sized pots ; in the bottom of them put about two
inches of drainage, on that a layer of moss, next some rough
peat, and then the compost just mentioned, on which place
the plant so as to be about an inch below the rim of the pot ;
then fill in with the compost, making it tolerably firm about
the roots. Water sparingly at first, but by the time the
young growths are some six inches high the plants will enjoy
a good supply.
MODE OF PRODUCING BACK GROWTHS.
HERE are many of our Orchids that grow on 3 ear
I after year, and yet produce only one flowering
i- pseudobulb annually ; but some of the kinds, if the
plants are cut, will produce back shoots or breaks, thus
increasing the number of blooming growths, and the sooner
making fine specimens. This is the way to produce such
plants as are seen every year at the London and provincial
exhibitions. Some plants, such as Cattleijas, may be more
readily treated in this way than others.
The operation is thus performed : — Take a plant that has
42 oechid-geowek's manual.
back pseudobulbs, some four or five it may be, and cut the
rhizome in two between the bulbs, not otherwise disturbing it,
but allowing the bulbs to remain in the same place. The
best time to cut most Orchids is during their season of rest,
or just as they are beginning to grow. Any other Orchids
that have pseudobulbs may be treated in the same way, when
it becomes desirable to increase them, but it must be borne in
mind that no Orchid should be cut except when in vigorous
health, and not then except it is to produce back growth. The
resting season is best for performing the operation, as when
in vigorous growth they often produce the growths from the
same pseudobulb, and continue doing so year after year, thus
increasing in size rapidl}*, and in time making a fine
specimen. When this is the case, if it is required to increase
the stock of a particular plant, take off a piece just as it is
starting into growth. The plant taken off can be potted at
once, and placed in a shady place until it shows signs of
growth, Avhen it may be brought to the light. Many Orchids
do not like to be disturbed, while there are those, some much
more so than others, which readily submit.
WATERING ORCHIDS.
HIS operation should be performed with great care,
especially in the case of plants just starting into
growth, for if watered too profusely the young
shoots are apt to be affected by the atmospheric moisture,
and become liable to what is termed damping off. Whilst,
therefore, the shoots are young, only enough water should be
given to keep the moss or peat in which the plants are
growing just moist. As they advance in growth, more may
WATEEING ORCHIDS. 43
be given ; and when the pseuclobulbs are about half grown,
the roots may receive a good supply. This, however, will
greatly depend upon how the plants are potted. If potted
according to the directions laid down in this book the water
will pass away quickly, which is very essential to the well-
being of the plants. We have known Orchid growers try
many kinds of potting material, but have never seen any to
succeed better than rough fibrous peat and sphagnum moss,
and by using these two materials as recommended, there is
less liability of the plants sufiering injury. Some growers
use fine soil, mixed with sand and moss : this we consider bad
for epiphytal Orchids, because it soon gets soddened and con-
solidated round the roots— a condition exceedingly obnoxious
to this class of plants, which are not subjects to be tampered
with. When plants are potted in this fine soil they require
less water, and will also need the soil to be frequently
renewed, but to this system we are entirely opposed.
Our practice is to shut up the Orchid house in the spring
of the year about 3 p.m., and in May, June, July, August,
and September about an hour later, when the heat of the sun
is on the decline. We then usually give a gentle syringing
with water as nearly as may be of the same temperature as
that of the house. In fine weather, the temperature from sun-
heat will rise frequently as high as 95°, or even more ; but we
have never observed any injury to befall the plants in con-
sequence of this heat, so long as the house was saturated with
moisture. The atmosphere should be dried up once a day, if
possible, by means of ventilation. In syringing be careful
not to wet the young shoots too much. The syringe should be
furnished with a fine rose attached, so as to cause the water to
fall on the plants in imitation of a gentle shower of fine rain ;
but this syringing should onl}- take place after a hot simny day,
and should never be carried to excess, for we have seen the ill
44 orchid-grower's manual.
effects of that practice in many Orchid collections. The
practice is indeed very dangerous, and growers often wonder
at their plants not looking well, when it is entirely due to
over-syringing. Nevertheless, water, judiciously applied, is
one of the most important items in the culture of these
valuable plants. Those of them which are growing on blocks
of wood should be syringed twice a day in the summer time ;
and we also find it beneficial, during the growing season, to
take the blocks down about twice or three times in a week,
and dip them in water till the surface of the wood and the
moss are thoroughly soaked. Plants in baskets should like-
wise be taken down and examined, and, if they are dry, they
should also be soaked in a similar manner. This is a good
mode of getting rid of many hurtful creatures that harbour in
the moss, such as the woodlouse and the cockroach, which,
when the moss is plunged and kept for a while under water,
will come to the top, and then may be easily killed.
We have elsewhere observed (Orchid Album) that " rain
water is the best for Orchids and for all kinds of plants, this
being the water supplied in their natural habitats. Rain water
is easily to be obtained by providing tanks under the stages,
and allowing the rain water to enter from the roof. In this
way no room is lost. A pump should be affixed, in case the
water should get low in dry weather, by which means it can
easily be raised to the requned height. The plan we adopt is
to have a deep cemented tank in the centre of the house under
the stage, so that the top may be open ; this allows the water
which is standing in the tank to become somewhat warmed by
contact with the atmosphere of the house, which is very bene-
ficial. In fact. Orchids should never be watered with water
that has not had the chill taken off, as cold water, especially
in winter time, causes spot, and may rot the growths, and
injure the roots. Into this tank the rain water runs from the
WATERING ORCHID?. 45
roof, and "as we have the New River water laid on as well,
when rain water is scarce we fiU up with this, and thereby
have a mixture of rain and hard water.
" There can be no doubt that Orchids, like other plants, are
particukr as to the fluids given to them to nourish their roots.
We often hear growers say that the water obtainable in the
particular locality where they may reside is hard, and that
their plants do not thrive as they should do. We can full}'
sympathise with these men, as we know that hard water is
bad for Orchids as well as for other plants. Hard-wooded
plants, especially, will not thrive if the water they receive does
not suit them ; but it must be borne in mind that these plants
have fine hair-like roots, and are much sooner killed than
Orchids, which have thick fleshy roots. When conversing some
time ago with an Orchid grower from the North of England,
who told us that his plants were not doing well, that he
could not keep the sphagnum moss alive, which he attributed
to the use of hard water, and that he consequently put up a
cistern for rain water, and employed that, we were not sur-
prised to hear that the result had been to improve the health
of the plants, and that the moss was now growing luxuriantly.
" There is a great difi'erence between difierent hard waters ;
some contain a quantity of iron, while others contain lime ;
these latter when used for sj-ringing leave white marks upon the
foliage. We believe water containing chalk and lime to be
beneficial to some kind of Orchids, especially Cyinipediums,
in fact, some growers use chalk or broken limestone mixed
with charcoal and peat to grow them in, and they succeed very
well in it. We have frequently seen distinct traces of lime
on imported Cypriijedkims. An importation of Cypripediwn
Spicerianum, received some time ago, was literally covered
with lime deposit, owing to the plants having been found
growing in the fissures of limestone rocks, where the water
46 orchid-gkower's manual.
trickled down upon them. We should think that water
containing iron would be most injurious to Orchids."
Rain or pond water is the best for the plants, but if this
cannot be obtained, and water from a spring must be employed,
it should be well exposed to the influence of the atmosphere
before being used ; it should also be allowed to stand in the
house for a considerable time, previously to its being required
for the plants, so that it may become warmed to about the
same temperature as the atmosphere in which it is to be used.
This indeed should be done in all cases.
Slate cisterns are very useful for collecting the rain water
which falls on the roof ; and such cisterns on each side the
house placed over the hot-water pipes will keep the water at
the same temperature as that of the house. If there is not
room for the slate cisterns on the pipes, a cement tank under
the centre table will answer the same purpose, and should
have a hot-water pipe run through it, if possible, so as to keep
up the temperature of the water, which is a very important
point in maintaining the healthy growth of the plants.
Over-watering is very detrimental to nearly all the species
of Orchids in cultivation. It must be remembered that
although in their native habitats they get a great deal of rain
during the growing season (which is generally the rainy
season), it is very different in our houses, where they are
closely confined, and evaporation does not take place to such
an extent as it does in their native homes, where they are
found growing on trees and rocks and on the ground. In
these positions they get all the winds that blow, and which
after a shower quickly dry up the superabundant moisture.
More Orchids are lost by over-watering than many people
imagine ; and although they may not show it at the time, it
tells upon them afterwards in the shape of disease.
PROPAGATION OF ORCHIDS. 47
PROPAGATION OF ORCHIDS.
I HE RE are clifFercnt modes of propagating the various
kinds of Orchids. Some are easily increased by
dividing them into pieces, or by cutting the old
pseudobulbs from the plants after the latter have done bloom-
ing ; such plants as Dendrohiums are increased in this way.
The best time for dividing the plants is just as they begin to
grow, or when they are at rest. They should be cut through
with a sharp knife between the pseudobulbs, being careful not
to harm the roots ; and each piece should have some roots
attached to it. After they are cut through, they should be
put into some shady part of the house, without receiving much
water at the roots till they have begun to grow and made
fresh ones ; then they may be parted, potted, and have the
regular supply. Dendrohmm nohile, D. Pierardi, D. pul-
cJiellian, D. Devonianum, D. Falconeri, D. superbum, D.
Wardianum, D. crassinode, D. sitjjevbiens, D. bigibhmn, and
sorts of similar habit, are easily propagated. This is effected
by bending the old pseudobulbs round the basket or pot in
which they are growing ; or by cutting the old flowering bulbs
away from the plant, and laying them on some damp moss in
a shady and warm part of the house, with a good supply of
moisture. In either case, they will break and make roots and
new shoots, after which they may be potted or put in baskets.
Such kinds as D. Jenkinsii, D. aygrcgatum, D. formosum,
D. speciosum, D. densifiorum, D. thyrsifiorum, D. suavissimimi ,
and similar growing sorts, are increased by simply dividing
the plants.
The species of Aerides, Vanda, Angracum, Saccolabiwn,
Camarotis, Renanthera, and plants of similar habit, are pro-
48 oechid-geowee's manual.
pagated by cutting off the top just below the first root, or by
taking the young growths from the base of the stem ; the
latter, after they have formed roots, should be cut off with a
sharp knife, and put on blocks or in baskets with some
sphagnum moss, and kept in a warm and damp part of the
house, without receiving much water till they have begun to
grow, when they may have the usual supply.
The Odontoglossioms, Oncidiums, Brassias, Cyrtochilums,
Zygopetalums, Sobmlias, Tricliopilias, StanJwpeas, ScJiom-
hurf/kias Peristerias, Catasetuins, Miltonias, Lycastes, Bletios,
Lalias, Cattleyas, Galeandras, Epidendrumx, Barkerias,
Cyrtopodiums, Cymhidiums, Ccelogynes, Calanthes, and the
species of Mormodes, Leptotes, Cycnoches, and Coryantlies, are
all propagated by dividing them into pieces, each having a
portion of roots attached to it, and a young bulb or growing
point. Such plants as Calanihe VeitcJiii, C. Turnerii, and C.
ccstita, often produce bulbs on the top of their last year's
growth, which can be taken off after they have done blooming,
and put into sand or some other suitable material until ready
to pot in the ensuing spring.
Thiinia alba, T. Bemonid, T. MarshaUiana, and similar
growing kinds, are very easily increased. The best way
is to cut off the old pseudobulbs after the young ones have
begun to flower, that is, just before the plant has made its
growth. These pseudobulbs should be cut into pieces about
six inches long, and then put into a pot in some silver sand,
with a bell-glass over them, till they have struck root and
begun to make their growth, when they should be potted in
some fibrous peat and moss, and should have good drainage
to carry off the water required in the growing season.
Some of the Eindcndrums, such as E. cinnaharimim, E,
crassifolium , E. evectum, and similar growing kinds, which
form plants on the tops of the old flower stalks, are easily
DENDROBIUM
7 months.
DENDROBIUM, 18 months.
DENDROBIUM SEEDLINGS IN VARIOUS STAGES.
CYPKIPEDIUM, 2 years.
CYPRIPEDIUM SEEDLINGS IN VAEIOUS STAGES.
CATTLEYA, 9 months
SEEDS OF CATTLEYA.
CATTLEYA, 12 months.
CATTLEYA, IG months.
CATTLEYA, 2 years.
CATTLEYA SEEDLINGS IN VARIOUS STAGES.
RAISING OKCHIDS FROM SEEDS. 49
propagated ; the young ones should be left till they have com-
pleted their growth, and then be cut off and potted, -svhen
they will soon make good plants. Some Dendrobitnns will
also form plants on the tops of the old pseudobulbs, and they
should be treated in a similar way.
RAISING ORCHIDS FROM SEEDS.
ANY Orchids have recently been raised from seed in
this country ; yet it was not until within the last
few years that cultivators succeeded in raising
seedlings of these singular subjects. Indeed at the present
time the number is not very great, but we are nevertheless
every day becoming more familiar with seedling varieties and
hybrids which have been raised in English gardens. To
Mr. Dominy, Mr. Seden, Dr. Ainsworth, and Mr. R. Warner
belong the credit of producing some very beautiful hybrid
forms of this order, which are now in cultivation. Several
other cultivators are now exercising their talents in the same
direction, and there is unquestionably a large field open for
all who take an interest in hybridising this singular and
beautiful tribe of plants. Some very fine Cattleyas, Lalias,
Dendrobiums, and Cypripediums, have been sent out by the
Messrs. Veitch & Sons, and great credit is due to the energy
they have displayed in this branch of Orchidology. Many of
these seedlings are very free-growing, but it will be several
years before they can be generally distributed, as they are so
slow in propagation. We now refer more particularh' to
Cattleyas and Lfpllas.
Some time ago a gentleman remarked that he should
like to be in a country where the Orchids grew in a
G
50 OKCHID- grower's MANUAL.
wild state, in order that he might have the chance of
hybridising them ; his ideas were, that something really good
might thus be obtained, and no doubt he was right, for con-
sidering how seldom it is that we flower two Orchids alike,
it may be concluded that many of our imported plants, though
taken for the same, are natural hybrids or seminal variations.
We have seen at least two dozen varieties of Cattleya Mossicc
in bloom at one time, some having white petals and rich
crimson lip, others rose-coloured petals and yellow lip, but all
differing more or less from each other. In fact, nearly all the
species of Orchids yield varieties. Four flowers taken from
four different plants of PhalcBnopsis amabilis were once brought
to us, and no two of them were exactly alike. The same may
be said of Phalcenopsis ScJdlleruma, of which we have seen
many plants in bloom, varying much in the colour of the
flower and in the shape and markings of the leaf, all however
being handsome. In a wild state, varieties appear to be un-
limited, crossed and recrossed, as they doubtless are, by insects.
Who, for instance, would have thought, in years gone by, of
importing so splendid a plant as PlialcEnopsis Schilleriana,
which is beautiful not only in blossom but in foliage ? Now
comes P. Stuartiana, P. leucorrhoda, P. violacea, and many
others ; and we are told there exists a still finer species, with
scarlet flowers ! Let us hope the latter will soon be added to
our collections ; what a contrast it would make with the white
and mauve coloured kinds now in cultivation ! Mr. Dominy
and Mr. Seden have succeeded in raising some choice varieties
of Cattleya, CalantJie, Cypripedium, Goodyera, Dendrobium,
&c. ; Mr. Mitchell has raised the fine Dendrobium Ainsworthii,
and a pretty Cattleya, which has been named C. Mitchellii ;
and some Cypripediiims have been raised by Mr. Cross, formerly
gardener to the Dowager Lady Ashburton at Melchet Court.
Let us hope these hybridists and others may persevere in the
^^^
SEEDLING PHAKENOPSIS, SI EDS OE PH VL 1 .NOPSIS.
■i months.
PIIAL.EXOPSIS,
9 months.
^
""^x'
PJIAl .INOI'SIS,
15 months.
PHAL.ENOPSIS, 2^ years.
P1IAL.EN0PSIS, 22
PHAE.ENOPSIS, 3 years.
PHAL^NOPSIS SEEDLINGS IN VARIOUS STAGES.
KAISING ORCHIDS FROM SEEDS. 61
good work, and produce something new in other genera.
Many kinds seed freely if the flowers are fertilised, and they
produce many seeds in a pod.
The seed, having been gathered as soon as ripe, should be
sown at once, but it requires great care, as it is not so easy to
raise as that of many other plants. Some of the kinds are a
long time germinating ; we have known Orchid seeds to lie
twelve months before the plants made their appearance. It is
highly interesting to watch their gradual development, from
the tiny germ to the first small pseudobulb, and so on up to
the flowering stage. The best place in which to sow the
seeds is on the top of an Orchid pot, where they will not get
disturbed, and where the peat or moss is in a rough state ; do
not cover the seed, but give a little water with a fine-rose pot,
just to settle it. The rough blocks of wood on which another
plant is growing also afford a capital situation to sow upon,
but the surface should always be kept a little moist. After
germination, those which were sown on pots should be placed
in small pots quite close to the inside edge, and when the
plants get strong enough, they may be potted singly in the
material already recommended, or be placed on blocks. In
potting and taking them up, great care must be used not to
injure the roots.
One of the surest roads to success in hybridising is to select
the finer species or varieties only for experiment, though it
is possible that there may exist in a flower of inferior merit
some quality which would induce the operator to undertake its
improvement, or endeavour to transfer the desired feature to
some more favoured kind. It is highly desirable that many
more growers should turn their attention to the raising of
hybrids, not only with the view of obtaining finer flowers than
we already possess — though that would be a real advantage ;
but for the additional purpose of raising sorts that might
c 2
0'2 OKCHID-GKOWEil S MANUAL.
succeed in cooler houses. Odontoglossum r/rande and many
others, for instance, do better in a cool-house than in a warm
one ; how desirable it would be to communicate this quality
to others. Cypripedium insujne will thrive well in a green-
house, and if we could cross this with some of the other kinds,
such as C. siiperbiens, C. hirsutissinmm, C. Lowii, or C. harha-
tum superhum, something good might be the result. There
are also several hardy Cyprij^edhims, such as C. macranthum,
C. puhescens, and C. spectahile, which might be induced to
play an important part in the operation. At least, the several
hybrid Cypripediums which have flowered in the establishment
of Messrs. Veitch fully bear out our argument. Phajus
yrandifolius and P. Wallichii are likewise two noble plants
for winter decoration, which do well in a warm greenhouse,
and may probably be the means of producing some very
ornamental plants, if crossed with various Culantlws.
Since the publication of the fifth edition of this Manual,
numerous Orchid growers have been turning their attention
to this subject of hybridising, and many of them have suc-
ceeded in raising seedlings, from which we trust ere long they
may realise something startling.
ORCHIDS FOE ROOM DECORATION.
Y CASTES thrive admirably in a cool-house, L. Skin-
ner i for instance, which is one of the finest, and of
which mauy^splendid varieties are now cultivated.
This plant is reported in the Gardeners' Chronicle to have been
kept in a room in flower for seven weeks- — a fact which shows
what might be done with these fine plants in a cool-house. We,
ourselves, have had plants of this Lycaste all the winter in a
ORCHIDS FOR ROOJI DECORATION. 53
greenhouse, where they have flowered in great abundance, as
many as from thirty to fifty blossoms being open at one time.
Indeed, we exhibited a plant of it at one of the Regent's Park
spring shows with as many blossoms on it as we have just
mentioned, on which occasion a medal was awarded for its
magnificent flowers and colour. Particular care must be
taken, however, to keep the flowers dry when in a cool-house
or room, or else they are apt to become spotted.
" Lijcaste SIdiineri," says the Gardeners' Chronide, "seems
about to have as great a future as the Tulip. Already some-
thing like a dozen varieties of colour are known among its
exquisitely beautiful flowers, and we can entertain no doubt
that it will break into plent}' more, especially if recourse is
had to hybridising. From deep rose to a skin only less white
than the Hawthorn we have a complete set of transitions,
and this is a plant conspicuous for its fine broad foliage,
and glorious in its ample floral garments. It is not, however,
wholly on account of its disposition to reward us by an
endless variety of colour, and perhaps form, that we wish to
draw attention to Lycnste Skinneri, but because of all tropical
Orchids it is one of the hardiest in constitution and most easy
to cultivate. This has been very decisively shown by some
experiments of the late Mr. Skinner, to whose untiring energy
we English owe this and many other treasures. In a note
received from him, he writes as follows : —
" On the 2nd February, 1861, I received from Mr. Veitch
a fine specimen with seven flower spikes all out, and took it
to Hillingdon Cottage, placed it on the drawing-room table
in an ornamental pot, and gave it every three days or so
about four tablespoonfuls of water, occasionally wiping the
leaves with a wet sponge when the dust got on them. There
this plant stood throughout the severe weather we had — a
fire in the room only during the afternoons and evenings,
54 okchid-grot\^r's manual.
and on some days none at all. It never showed tlie least
decay until the 16th of May, when it was for some purpose
or other put into the greenhouse, and our gardener sprinkled
water over it along with the other plants. Next morning
i was shocked to see the flowers all with brown spots and
withering. On the 18th May I took it back to Mr. Veitch,
still in full bloom (seven spikes), to bear testimony to its
condition, and it lasted, though then much injured, a week
on the stand by the seed-room in their place. This experi-
ment induced me to try again. On the 18th December, 1861,
I brought down to this place two fine plants of the Ly caste, and
two plants of Barheria Skinneri, both in full bloom. Having
been absent (with the exception of three days in January)
since, I have had no control over them, but my sister followed
the same plan as at Hillingdon, only with the Barkcrias,
which are attached to blocks, dipping the whole block into
water for a few minutes every four or five days, according
as we have much or little sun, and as the plants are now
before me I give you their condition. One of the Barkerias
is as perfect as the day I brought it here ; the other has all
gone off within the last few days. One Lycaste is perfect,
and as beautiful as the day I brought it here ; the other has
lost one fiower, I fear by some accident, the other flower still
good, but evidently a little 'shady'; this plant has two
flower stems coming on, and would bloom in a fortnight if
we pushed them by more moisture. I expect frost has got
on it after watering, for it stands close to the window in the
drawing-room, and this room, though smaller, is similarly
treated to the one at Hillingdon — fii-es in the afternoon and
evenings, with a southern aspect. What a treat to me is this,
and I think you should know it, for people have said — * I love
Orchids, but hate the stew-pans one has to view them in.'
"It is clear that for Ly castes and Barkerias ' stew-pans '
ORCHIDS FOR ROOM DECORATION. 55
may be dispensed with. Plenty of Orchids like these are
to be found in our gardens, brought from the Highlands of
Mexico and from Central America. It is also probable that
mountain species of India, such as the delicious Ccelogynes,
will thrive under the same treatment, and, if so, one more
class of enjoyments is provided for the lovers of flowers.
" Surely this is news worth telegraphing through the whole
horticultural world ! What a charm for a sick-room ! What
a pet for the poor invalid who has nothing to love except
her flowers ! Imagine the pleasure of watching the buds
as they form, visibly enlarging from day to day, until they
reach the slow unfolding of the perfect blossom, and then
the delight at seeing it some morning stimulated by even a
winter's sun, suddenly throwing back its green cloak and
displaying the wondrous beauty of its richly tinted lining.
It is almost worth being ill to enjoy such a scene."
Since the late Mr. Skinner wrote this there has been quite
a change in Orchid growing. Large quantities of the cool
growing kinds have been introduced, so that now persons pos-
sessing only a pit or small greenhouse with a little heat in
winter can indulge their tastes in the possession of some of
these beautiful and most interesting plants. All these might
be kept in rooms while in flower.
Encouragement like this must surely add new life and
vigour to Orchid growing. We hope that as a consequence
many may be induced to try their skill. The great secret is
to secure robust growth in summer, when there is plenty of
sun heat in the greenhouses ; but for further and particular
instruction, we must refer to the notes on the cultivation of
the Lycaste, and to the chapter on the treatment of Plants in
Flower.
56 orchid-grower's manual.
ORCHID HOUSES.
I T is not absolutely necessary to build a bouse for tbe
cultivation of Orcbicls, for in ruany cases they are
grown most luxuriantly in pine stoves, or in bouses
principally devoted to flowering and ornamental-leaved plants.
Where only a few plants are cultivated, such a plan is by no
means objectionable, for we have found many of our Oi'chids
do well in such houses, which fact has only been discovered
by those who have been compelled to have recourse to such
means. Where, however, a large collection is to be cared
for, it is quite essential that houses should be specially set
apart for them, and in our opinion the best houses are
those with span roofs facing east and west (see pages 57, 59).
Ground plans and end sections of such houses are here
given. The largest sized span-roofed house should not be
more than ten or eleven feet high in the centre, seventeen
or eighteen feet wide, and about a hundred feet long,
■with two glass partitions to separate it into three compart-
ments— one for plants that come from the East Indies, which
ought to be nearest the boiler, the second for those that come
from Brazil and therefore require an intermediate temperature,
and the third for the Mexican species which require plenty
of heat and sunlight. There should be upright sashes on
both sides of the house, with glass from twelve to fifteen
inches high, but not made to open. Many Orchid growers
object to side sashes, and sometimes recommend brickwork
up to the spring of the roof, but that is not, in our opinion,
the best plan ; on the contrary, we would advise any one
about to build an Orchid house to have upright sashes on
both sides and at each end.
For cool Orchids either a span-roofed structure or a lean-to
ODONTOGLOSSUM HOUSE IN THE
Dimensions
(From a I
TORIA AND PARADISE NURSERIES.
£t. X12ft.
rOQRAPH.)
ORCHID HOUSES.
67
PLAN AND SECTION OF ORCHID HOUSE.
c 3
S8 ORCHID -grower's MANUAL.
may be used. If a span-roofed house be decided upon the
same height of ridge should be given as that recommended for
Brazilian and Mexican kinds, but it need not be so broad, say
about twelve feet, having two side tables with a path up the
centre, and two rows of pipes on each side, with side venti-
lators in the brickwork made to open, as well as top venti-
lators. We give a plan and section of such a house on p. 59,
to explain more fully what we recommend.
From experience we have found that Orchids do best with
abundance of light, which is the only way to get good strong
ripe pseudobulbs fit for flowering. Small houses of the size
recommended are best. In different parts of the country
there exist large lofty houses, but in no instance have we seen
plants growing well in them ; such houses require a great
amount of fire heat to keep them at the proper night
temperature, and after all they seem ill adapted to the wants
of the plants. We would advise all large lofty Orchid houses
to be pu.lled down or turned to other uses, and their places to be
occupied by small ones. The expense of the operation would
soon be saved in the reduction that would take place in the
cost of pipes and the consumption of fuel.
We have used single roofs for nearly forty years, and have
always found them to answer well, but a few years ago double-
roofed houses were adopted by many Orchid growers. In no
instance did any improvement in the health of the plants take
place, but rather the contrary, the result being that after a
time the system was abandoned, it having been found (in some
cases by dearly bought experience) that double-roofed houses
were a complete failure. We never had faith in the double-
roofed house ; and it appeared to us strange that growers of
these valuable plants should adopt such new ideas before they
had been well tried on a small scale by those who understood
the treatment of this race of plants.
OECHID HOUSES.
59
3 E
GKOTJND PLAN AND SECTION OF COOL ORCHID HOUSE, SHOWING MODE
OF FIXING BAISED BLINDS.
60 orchid-gkowkr's manual.
The houses in our Nurseries are of the size recommendecl
above, and no Orchid houses could answer better. They have
been built and used more than twenty years, and are well
worth inspection. They afford plenty of room for the plants
to show themselves to advantage, and they have likewise
roomy paths, which is a great convenience, for nothing is
more unpleasant than not being able to inspect the plants
with ease and comfort. The inside dimensions of these houses
are forty-five feet long, eleven feet high in the centre, and
eighteen feet in width ; there is in each a table six feet wide up
the centre, and a path all round three feet wide, with side-
tables three feet wide, formed of slate. The floor is con-
creted, three inches thick, and then covered with Portland
cement, which forms a capital surface. The whole is heated
by hot water, distributed in four rows of four-inch pipes on
each side in the East Indian house, and three rows in the
Brazilian house, and each having valves to stop or turn on
the water as required. On both sides of the Orchid houses
are upright sashes, as recommended above, glazed in the
manner recommended in the chapter on glazing ; there are
three ventilators on each side in the brickwork, close to the
hot-water pipes, and one at the end over the doorway. There
are four small top-sashes, two on either side, which open
with hinges, and are furnished with ropes inside to draw them
up and down ; these are found very desirable to let out the
over-heated air. These ventilators have been in use for several
years, and are found very useful ; for if cold wind blows
from the one side the other can be opened, so that the chilly
air, which is very injurious, does not reach the plants.
Complaints have been frequently raised against Orchidhouses,
on account of their excessive heat and moisture, which quite
prevents the enjoyment of the beautiful flowers grown in
them. This objection has now lost much of its force, because
ORCHID HOUSES. 61
we grow Orchids in a much cooler temperature, yet in the
case of the East Indian house there is still some truth in it.
The evil, fortunately, is one which can be readily remedied.
To that end a small house should be erected for, or a small
division at the end of each Orchid house assigned to Orchids
in bloom, or a portion of the conservatory should be enclosed,
as is recommended in the chapter on the treatment of Orchids
in bloom. Here, with some ferns and a few other orna-
mental-leaved plants as a background, the blooming Orchids
should be placed, and here they may be enjoyed to the full,
since the place may be kept quite cool, so that while the
most delicate constitution will receive no injury, the blossoms
■will remain much longer in perfection. This system is
adopted by many cultivators of Orchids, and is a source of
great pleasure to them. By an arrangement of this kind the
beauties of such plants as Calanthe vestita, Limatodes rosea,
the Pleiones and plants like them which are destitute of leaves
at the time of flowering may be greatly enhanced, as the
ferns and other plants can be made to hide the deficiency ;
and in summer the Orchids in flower will retain their full
beauty for a much longer time, if kept well shaded and cool.
This system of decoration is well carried out by Mr. 0.
Wrigley, of Bury. A long span-roofed house, which forms an
entrance to the other houses, is devoted to this purpose ; it
has a central path, with a table on each side, and the bloom-
ing Orchids being brought here and intermixed with ferns,
flowering and ornamental-leaved Begonias, Poinsettias, Eu-
phorbias, and many other plants, according to the season,
the efiect produced is charming.
62 orchid-grower's manual.
GLAZING OF ORCHID HOUSES.
N the houses already referred to, the 21 oz. English
glass is used, being the best for the purpose
because not easily broken. The squares of glass
in the roof are two feet six inches long by nine inches in
breadth ; those in the upright sashes at the sides are fourteen
inches long by nine inches wide. The laps are very close.
We remember seeing an Orchid house much injured after a
hail-storm, a large portion of its valuable contents being
nearly spoiled ; in this instance the glass used was only
16 oz., whereas, if it had been 21 oz., it would most likely
have withstood the storm. We therefore recommend 21 oz.
glass, or even a heavier kind, as not being likely to get broken
by cleaning or otherwise. Too large squares are bad, as they
are apt to get broken by frost. The upright glass at the sides
ought to be of the size stated above, to correspond with that
in the roof and also in the ends and the door. The sash bars
should have a small groove down them to carry the condensed
moisture to the bottom, in order to prevent it from dripping
on to the plants. Or small pieces of zinc nailed to the bars
serve to form a sort of gutter to carry off this moisture, and
thus prevent drip, which is very injurious to the plants in
cold weather ; even when the weather is warm the
may be injured, and a deal of harm may be done by drip.
HEATING ORCHID HOUSES.
|0R effecting this, nothing is better than a hot-water
apparatus. We recommend four-inch pipes, and to
put in an excess of piping rather than too little.
There is nothing saved by economising the piping, and it is far
HEATING OECHID HOUSES. 63
better to spend a little more money for material at first, than
have to make additions afterwards. By having plenty of pipe
a less rapid combustion is required, which is better for the
plants, and the expense is saved in fuel in a very short time.
We therefore advise four rows of pipes on either side for the
East Indian house, three for the Brazilian, and two for the
house devoted to those species from New Grenada, Peru, and
some parts of Mexico ; by having four pipes for the plants
requiring most heat, one does not require to drive the fire so
much on a frosty night. We never raise steam from the
pipes ; for plenty of moisture can be obtained without it, by
pouring water on the tables and paths, which we consider
much better than steam discharged on the plants direct from
rusty pipes. At the same time, we do not by any means con-
demn the use of evaporating troughs during the summer
months, for these will difi"use throughout the house a most
congenial moisture, highly beneficial to the growth of the
plants, and the effects of this moisture is very difi'erent from
that of scalding steam.
The boiler should be placed outside of the house, and not
set underneath, which is a very bad system. We remember
going to see a collection of Orchids where the boiler was so
situated, and had been put there to economise heat. The
plants were growing very freely at the time, and upon remark-
ing that we should be afraid of smoke getting into the house,
we were told .there was no fear of that, "for the boiler was
well covered over." Only a few months afterwards on calling
to see the same collection, we found our fears were realised ;
the smoke had got into the house, and had spoilt many of the
plants. This is merely mentioned to show the ill efiects of a
boiler being so set that smoke can get into the house. When
outside, there is no fear of such a disaster.
There is more importance in the setting of a boiler than
61 orchid-geowee's manual.
many people imagine, and there are many ways of effecting
the operation. It is, however, always best to secure the ser-
vices of a good bricklayer who has had experience in setting
the different kinds of boilers, as they for the most part require
different treatment. Many a boiler has been condemned
through its being badly set, and the work being indifferently
carried out. There is another important point in connection with
boilers, i.e., they should be kept clean, and the flues free from
soot and dust, which not only greatly impedes the di'aught but
diminishes the heating power. Care should also be used in
stoking the fire, for a good deal of fuel may be wasted by
injudicious management, more especially as some kinds of
boilers do not take as much fuel as others. The man in
charge, if he takes a proper interest in his work, will however
soon become acquainted with the requirements of the different
boilers under his management.
Hot-water boilers are now made of numerous shapes and
patterns, and as most cultivators have some predilection in
this matter, we leave them to make their own selection. There
are, however, many things to be thought of before deciding
this question. If the locality is such as to render it imprac-
ticable to dig far down into the ground before reaching water,
or to prevent a drain from being put below the boiler, then
the upright form of boiler is neither suitable nor safe ; for in
cases of flood during winter, the water may rise and put out
the fire, unless the stoke-hole is made water-tight, which is
usually a troublesome and expensive process. We, however,
by no means depreciate boilers of this type. Then we have
cannon boilers, tubular boilers, common saddle boilers, termi-
nal saddle boilers, tubular arched saddle boilers, double L
saddle boilers, Gold Medal boilers, improved tubular boilers,
Cornish boilers, cruciform boilers, duplex compensating boilers,
and boilers that require no setting, the makers of each and all
VENTILATION OF ORCHID HOUSES. 65
being able to give what are to them satisfactory reasons why
the particular form they adopt is the best. That we have this
diversity amongst boilers is no doubt a great advantage, for
one that may work admirably in one place, may not, through
some peculiarity of place or position, be so thoroughly satis-
factory in another. Moreover, the fuel most readily available
in one place, and which may suit one class of boiler, may not
be so readily obtained in another place, and therefore those
who are so situated will naturally have recourse to a boiler
adapted to consume the fuel which they can obtain for heating
it. When a good draught can be obtained we have found
anthracite coal the best fuel for most kinds of boilers ; it is
more lasting than coke, is smokeless, and gives out twice as
much heat, and is altogether a cheaper and much better
article, although more costly in the first outlay.
VENTILATION OF OKCHID HOUSES.
HIS is of itself of great importance, but the manner
in which it is carried out is equally if not more
important ; for if cold chilly air is allowed to pass
among the plants they will not thrive, and all the care which
has otherwise been bestovt^ed on them will be in vain.
The means of ventilation should be provided by ventilators
fixed near the ground, close to the hot-water pipes, in order
that the air may be warmed as it enters the house, and before
it reaches the plants. Fresh air should also be admitted by
underground pipes, so that in cold weather a current of pure
air may be maintained. This can be accomplished by laying
drain-pipes from the outside under the foundation to the in-
side under the hot-water pipes, so that the air is warmed
66 oechid-grow^e's manual.
immediately upon entering the bouse by passing over tbe
beated pipes. In tbe bouses bere, tbere are three ventilators
on each side to each house in the brickwork opposite tbe
pipes. The ventilating shutters are made of wood, about two
feet long, and one foot wide ; sliding slate ventilators answer
perhaps better. There should be one glass ventilator at the
south end, near the joof, and one at the north end. We have
also four small ventilators near the ridge of tbe roof, two on
each side, on hinges, opening from the inside with cords ;
they are intended to let out the top-heat, the egress of which
we have found very essential to tbe well-being of the plants.
Tbere are several contrivances for working the ventilators,
tbe most popular being by means of iron rods and levers run
from end to end of the bouse, so that all the ventilators may
be opened at once. Tbere are also many other appliances, but
great care is required in using them, so that in cold windy
weather too much air may not be given, as by all the ventila-
tors opening at once air is given simultaneously all over tbe
bouse, whereas it may only be expedient to give it at one end.
No rule can be laid down for ventilation, as so much depends
upon the locality where the plants are grown, and the period
of growth at which the plants have arrived, as well as on the
temperature of tbe house.
SHADING OF ORCHID HOUSES.
VERY Orchid house requires to be shaded, although
we are often told tbe practice is wrong ; but as
some plants would soon be destroyed if the burning
rays of the sun were allowed to shine upon them when grown
under glass, the use of blinds in summer is quite necessary
SHADING OF ORCHID HOUSES. 67
to successful cultivation. It is possible, however, to carry
shading to excess, and all such excesses must be studiously
avoided. The best shading material is a thin canvas or net-
ting. There should be blinds on each side, with a strong lath
at the top to nail the canvas to, and a roller at the bottom.
The canvas must be nailed to the roller, but care should be
taken in doing this that the awning will roll up regularly
from bottom to top. We never allow the canvas to be down
except when the sun is powerful, for we find that too much
shade is injurious to most kinds of Orchids. The awning
will also be useful in the winter season for covering the house
during a frosty night, being a great protection to those plants
that are near the glass. It is advisable to have a cap or
covering or coping on the ridge of the house for the protection
of the canvas when rolled up, in order to keep it from wet.
The following remarks on this subject have appeared in the
Orchid Album as a note under Plate 30, and it may be useful
to our readers to reproduce them here : — •
" This is a siibject of the greatest importance in Orchid culture, and one
that is often overlooked until it is too late, the mischief being done. What
is required is a strong durable material that will wear well, and, where
rollers are used, stand the strain upon them. It must also be understood
that shading does not consist of merely daubing upon the glass some opaque
material, such as paint, summer cloud, whitening, or the like, which though
all very well as palliatives in positions where rollers cannot be used, such
as at the ends and sides of a house, are greatly to be deprecated as a shading
for the roof ; for this reason, that in our English climate we are so sub-
ject to sudden changes of the weather, that were such a permanent shading
to be used, we should frequently, especially during dull weather, have our
plants in comparative darkness when they should be getting all the light pos-
sible. This cannot fail to lead to bad results and to produce a sickly growth.
" Some growers have used thick canvas ; indeed we have done so ourselves
many years ago, but by experience we have found out the ill effects of it,
for when we employed this kind of shading we found the plants under its
influence became weak and sickly, producing small puny flower-spikes. A
lighter shading was then employed and the difference was marvellous ; the
plants assumed quite a different aspect. It was at this time that we were
exhibiting at Chiswick the fine specimens of East Indian Orchids — Aerides,
68 obchid-grower's manual.
Saccolabiums, Vaiidas. Dendrohiums, and many others — such as we seldom see
equalled now. Since then we have used thinner shadings, with the best
results. Our Vandas thus treated have always been strong and healthy,
with broader foliage, producing their flower-spikes as often as three times a
year, with the flowers of a good colour, lasting a long time in perfection ;
in fact we are never without flowers, always having a good display. We
refer more particularly to the suavis and tricolor section of the genus.
Some people imagine Vandas do not flower till they attain a large size, but
such is not the case if they are properly grown and thin shading is used.
" Our experience leads us to the belief that all Orchids, with a few ex-
ceptions, require a thin shading, that is to say, one that, while warding off
the direct rays of the sun, will allow the light to enter through it. To
arrive at this result we now use a strong durable cotton netting, woven in
small squares, close enough to exclude the rays of the sun while the light
penetrates it with but little interruption. This netting stands exposure to
the weather much longer than canvas, and on that account is cheaper in
the long run. We have used this material for some years in the case of
cool Orchids, Mexican and East Indian kinds, with the best results, the
netting being attached to rollers with appropriate gear. For the cool
Orchid houses we employ Raised Blinds. In the winter we take them of£
the house and put them in a place of safety until they are required again in
the ensuing spring."
The Raised Blinds just referred to, formed the subject of
a subsequent note under Plate 35 of the same work, which
note is here transcribed : —
"During the summer months we have found Raised Blinds very bene-
ficial to the growth of Orchids, especially to those requiring cool-house
culture. When the hot summer's sun is shining upon the glass, it is very
diificult, where Raised Blinds are not employed, to keep the temperature
sufficiently low. The glass roof of the structure upon which the sun is
shining becomes very hot, even when shaded with ordinary blinds ; but if
Raised Blinds are used a current of air is allowed to pass over the entire
surface of the roof, and the glass is kept comparatively cool. The effect of
this is to decrease very appreciably the internal temperature of the house ;
and the moisture, which would otherwise be dried up by the burning heat
of the sun, produces a nice humid genial atmosphere in which Orchids
delight.
" We will now explain brieflj^ the mode of construction. Supposing that
the house to be furnished with Raised Blinds is an ordinary span-roof
structure, it is necessary in the first place to provide a second ridge elevated
about six inches above the top of the existing one. This should not consist
of a solid plank, but of a strip of timber sufficiently strong to bear the
weight and strain of the blinds and roller ; and should be supported on
blocks of wood placed at intervals in order to allow the current of air from
GROWING SPECIMEN ORCHIDS FOR EXHIBITION. G9
below to find an outlet, which would not be the case if a solid ridge-board
were adopted. Having arranged for the ridge, the next thing is to provide
supports for the rollers. Either wood or iron may be used for this purpose,
but we have found iron to be the lightest looking and the most durable.
Where the length of the rafters does not exceed say eight feet, half-inch
rod iron will be found to be strong enough, and this should be cut into
proper lengths with the lower end turned up in a semi-circular form so as
to catch the roller when it descends, and prevent it from running oflE the
supports. These supporting rods should be fixed to the bars or rafters of
the house about six inches above the woodwork, by being welded to vertical
iron stays, which latter should be flattened out at the base, and provided
with holes so that they can be screwed to the rafters or bars of the roof.
" In this way a strong support for the blinds to roll upon will be formed ;
the blinds themselves can be attached to the elevated ridge in the ordinary
way, and the gearing usually employed for the purpose will be found to
answer well for pulling them up and down. Many Orchid growers have
already adopted the Raised Blinds with very beneficial results."
GROWING SPECIMEN ORCHIDS FOR EXHIBITION.
REAT progress has been made in Orchid culture
^Yithin the last forty years, owing perhaps to what
has been written on the subject. There were,
however, in years gone by, many fine collections of Orchids
around London ; some in France, and a few in Belgium,
Germany, &c. The grand specimens that were exhibited at
our London shows were very fine, especially the East Indian
kinds, which were far in advance of those of the present time,
and also more numerous. The single specimens were very fine
indeed, and great interest was excited, and no little pride was
felt among amateurs to produce those which were exhibited
for many years at the Chiswick and Regent's Park shows.
Within the past few years the taste seems to have in some
measure revived, although many of those now exhibited are
made up, instead of being genuine specimens. Of course there
are some Orchids which will not make an exhibition specimen
70 OECHID GROWER S MANUAL.
unless masses of them are put together, and this grouping
or massing of such plants being allowed at the shows, nearly
every one adopts the practice. While it is permitted, of
course the making up instead of growing specimens will be
continued, and that without any fault of the exhibitors. Some
exhibitors, however, put their plants together to form these
quasi specimens in a very clumsy way, instead of displaying
taste and judgment in their selection and arrangement.
In all such cases varieties of the same colours should be
placed together in the one group ; this may be found difficult,
but unless the colours match the mass should not be con-
sidered as of one variety, although it may be of the same
species. The difficulty may be avoided by putting the plants
together during the preceding season when they are in
blossom, and then growing them on together. This is a far
preferable plan than that of disturbing them a ffew days before
a show, which often injures them and prevents them from
flowering the following year, which is a great loss to the
exhibitor, especially when he desires to make every plant tell.
There is no doubt a great deal may be accomplished in
the way of securing a good display by giving attention to
bringing the plants into bloom at the right time, without
forcing them too much. It is far better to allow the plants to
open their flowers gradually, and at the proper time, for they
are then of more substance, of a better and richer colour,
and last in flower much longer, besides which the plants are
more easily carried to the shows, requiring, however, no less
care in packing the blossoms so that they do not get bruised.
See instructions given for packing Orchids for conveyance to
the exhibitions, at p. 74. An experienced grower should be
able to tell to a few days when a particular plant will be in
flower, and how long it will last in beauty. This knowledge
may be obtained by taking notes year by year and summing
GROWING SPECIMEN OKCHIDS FOR EXHIBITION. 71
up the average results. This is what we did when we com-
menced Orchid culture. If this matter be made a study, and
it can be easily done with persevering observation, itwill.be
found that a much smaller number of specimens is necessary
than will otherwise be required in order to ensure a display.
One chief point is often lost sight of, and that is giving
attention to the plants at the proper time. A plant, like
other things, if it does not get proper attention at, or as
nearly as possible to the right time, will not yield a satis-
factory result — neither can it be expected. If plants under
glass are not potted or planted, and if seeds in the garden are
not sown at the time they should be, they cannot be expected
to do well, or to come in at the required time. We state
these facts for the benefit of the cultivator.
Plants, after being flowered and exhibited, will be found to
have exhausted much of their vigour, and consequently after
that period they require a good deal of attention. Some must
be started into growth, others require rest and to remain dor-
mant for a time before being again stimulated into growth.
Those that make the start should have all the encouragement
possible, in order to produce good, sound, healthy, vigorous
growths for the following year. Success very much depends
upon attention to this treatment, which is often overlooked
by cultivators, and the next year's flowering is consequently
often a failure. A few weeks lost in the growth of a plant
cannot be made up. Our seasons are so short that there
should be no time lost, especially as we get such a long
autumn and winter, during which we have very little light
and not much sun. The summer months ought to be made
full use of in ripening the pseudobulbs, which will cause the
growth to be vigorous and the flowering more successful ;
there will also be more leading bulbs and strong roots, which
are the results of good cultivation.
72 , ORCHID- grower's manual.
Under this recjime exliibitiou specimens — real specimens —
will be produced, and the necessity for putting small ones
together to form a mass will be avoided. To remove even
these smaller plants disturbs their roots at a time when they
require to be making progress in order to perfect their next
season's growth, and is not therefore desirable. Plants when
in vigorous health are less likely to be attacked by insects,
which is an important item in their cultivation. We give full
details on the mode of battling with insects in a chapter
devoted to these pests.
TREATMENT PREPAEATORY TO EXHIBITION.
HERE are many cultivators of Orchids who object
to send their plants to a public exhibition solely
because they are afraid that they will receive
injury ; but these fears are quite groundless if a moderate
degree of care is exercised. We have been exhibitors of these
plants for nearly forty years, and during that period have had
very few plants injured by exposure at flower shows. That
some valuable Orchids have been damaged at these places we
know full well, but the fault has usually been in the want of
due care in their preparation.
It is our practice to move the plants to a cool dry house or
room for a few days previous to the show. If the plants are
growing in the hottest house, we move them to the cooler one.
During this time they should be allowed only just enough
water to keep them slightly moist. When it is probable that
the plants will come into blossom earlier than is wished, the
time of flowering may be successfully retarded by taking them
to a cooler part of the house, or even putting them in a
TREATMENT PREPARATORY TO EXHIBITION. 73
warm greenhouse, keeping them slightly shaded during the
brightest part of the day.
Dendrohiums, if they are wanted to bloom later in the
season, are very easily thus retarded. Dendrobiinn awhile,
D. pulchelhcm, D. siipcrhum, D. densiflorum, D. Farmeri,
D. Pierardi latifoUum, D. Wardianuvi, I), crassinode,
D. Schroderi, and D. Devoniamim, generally bloom during
winter, but we have kept them back until June ; and by
having a succession of plants, the Orchid house may be gay
with Dendrohiums from January to June. Nearly all the
Dendrohiums will bear cool treatment while at rest, and all
can be kept for late flowering. To ensure this, place them in
a warm greenhouse and give but little water, in fact, only
just enough to keep them from shrivelling ; under this treat-
ment the temperature should not fall lower than 40°, and the
stems must be kept dry, or the flower buds are apt to rot.
They should be shaded from the sun, so that the flower buds
may not be excited. When the plants are wanted to flower
they should be removed to the Orchid house, and still kept
shaded from the sun. Ccelogynes, Odontoglossums, Mas-
devallias, Oncidiums, Phajtis WaUichii, and P. grandifoUus,
Ly caste Skimieri, and many others may be kept back in the
same way as the Dendrohiimis. We have had ample proof of
this by taking these plants to shows. Thus we exhibited
sixty-five specimens in Brussels, and not a plant was injured ;
again at Philadelphia, Amsterdam, Cologne, and Oporto we
exhibited with the same good results. Our plants were taken
more safely than those of exhibitors that lived but a few miles
ofi", the reason being that proper care was taken to pack
them well and to give no water — in fact, we followed the rules
here laid down.
74 orchid-gkower's manual.
PACKING ORCHIDS FOR EXHIBITIONS.
N transportiBg Orchidaceous plants to exhibitions
they require great care in packing and tying, for
many of them are very tender. Their flowers in
many instances are large and waxy, and some of them require
more packing than others. It is extremely annoying to have
a fine specimen plant spoiled, during its journey to the place
of exhibition, in consequence of its not being carefully packed,
when with a little more care it would have travelled safely to
any distance. In fact, distance is of very little consequence,
if the packing is well done. This was proved in a most
extraordinary manner in the spring of 1869, by Mr. R.
Warner, who sent upwards of fifty specimen Orchids, from
his gardens at Broomfield, to the International Horticultural
Exhibition at St. Petersburg!!. These plants were carefully
packed in close cases, and sent by rail the whole journey,
saving the short run across the Channel by steamer, eight
days being occupied in the transport. When unpacked and
staged, they were in excellent condition, having suffered
during the journey no more than they would have done in
the houses at home. That these plants should have travelled
to St. Petersburgh in such excellent condition, is undoubtedly
the greatest feat in connection with horticultural exhibitions
that has ever been accomplished, especially considering that
they were all large plants — amongst them PhalcBnopsis
Scliilleriatia, with a hundred expanded blossoms ; P. grandi-
fiora, with about half the number; Vandas, with numerous
spikes ; Trichopilia crispa, with a hundred open flowers ;
Cattleyas, Dendrobiums, Odontoglossums, Cypripediiims,
Aerides, and several other genera, the whole being profusely
bloomed. A remarkable proof of what care will do with even
PACKING OECHIDS FOR EXHIBITIONS. 75
the most delicate flowers was given in the case of the plant of
Odontoglossum Alexandras, exhibited in this collection, which,
after standing at the St. Petersburgh Exhibition for a fortnight
was again packed up and exhibited three weeks later at the
Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens at Kensington, with
the loss of only one or two flowers.
We have had a good deal of this work to do, and a few hints
on the subject to beginners may be of practical use. Some
kinds bear carrying much better than others. Phctjus
Wallichii and P. gmndifulms are both bad plants for travelUng,
if not well packed. We have seen fine plants bi'ought to
difierent flower shows with their flowers completely spoiled for
want of proper packing. On the other hand we have shown
P. Wallichii for several years at the Chiswick and Regent's
Park Exhibitions, and always managed to convey it without
any injury. In preparing them we put a strong stick to each
flower spike, the sticks being long enough to go firmly into
the earth. They should be placed at the back part of the
flowers, and should stand one or two inches above the flower
spike ; some wadding should then be fastened round the stick
with the smooth or glazed side towards the flowei'S so that
it does not cling, and the flower spike tied firmly to it, putting
more wadding or fine paper round every flower stalk, and
tying each firmly to the flower spike. Begin at the top of the
spike, and tie every flower separately, so that they do not
touch one another. The leaves must not be allowed to rub
against the flowers. On arriving at the end of their journey,
untie them, remove the wadding, and tie them out in the
proper form. In tying, care should be taken not to rub the
flowers.
Saccolahiums and Aerides do not require so much packing.
It is sufiicient to put two or three sticks to each spike — one
at each end, and one in the centre, if the spike be loug, or
D 2
76 okchid-growee's manual.
two only if it is short. The stick, which should only be long
enough to support the spikes in the drooping way in which
they grow, should be firmly fixed in the basket or pot ; a
small piece of wadding or fine paper should be placed on
the top of the stick, and to this the spike should be firmly
tied. This will be sufficient to ensure safety. The wadding
should not be allowed to touch the top part of the flowei's,
as it will stick to them, and be very difficult to remove.
Vandas require more packing, their flowers being larger
and further apart ; place some wadding between each flower
on the spike, then fix some sticks firmly in the basket or pot,
and tie the spike to them, without allowing the stick to touch
the flowers ; wadding should then be put in between the
flowers to keep them separate, and a thin piece of wadding
over all the flowers, the smooth surface being placed on the
blossoms.
PhalcBnopsis (jrancliflora and P. amahilis travel badly, and
require much care. The best way is to set the plant in
the bottom of a box, which must be long enough to allow
the flower spike to lie at full length ; wadding should then
be placed underneath the flowers, which should lie flat on
the wadding ; another sheet of wadding should then be
placed on the top of the flowers, in order to make them lie
firmly, although they may be treated in the same way as
recommended for Vandas.
Dendrobiums in some cases only require a stick to each
stem, fixed firmly in the pot, and to this they should be tied.
This plan will serve for such as D. nohile, D. superhum,
D. Devonianitm, P. Linaidanum, and sorts with similar
flowers. Those, however, that flower with pendulous ra-
cemes, such as D. densiflorum, D. Farmeri, D. thyrsiflonim ,
D. suavissimum, and others growing in the same way, require
three sticks ; one to the stem, to which the latter should be
PACKING ORCHIDS FOR EXHIBITIONS. 77
firmly tied, and the other two to the flower spike, one at each
end, in the same way as with the Saccolabiums.
Calanthes are bad travellers, especially C. vcratrifolia, the
delicate white flowers soon getting injured and discoloured
if allowed to rub against each other ; to avoid this put a
stick carefully to each spike.
Cattleijas require to be packed very carefully ; their flowers
should be tied so that they do not touch one another. The
best method is to put a stick to each flowering bulb, tying it
firmly, and a stick to each flower stalk, just below the flower,
with a piece of wadding round the stalk ; afterwards tie the
stalks to the stick ; neither the sticks nor the leaves should be
allowed to touch the flowers, or they will becom«? bruised,
Oncidiums travel well ; they only require a strong stick to
each flower spike, with a piece of wadding round the stick
at the points where the ties come.
Sohralia macrantha is a bad plant to travel if not properly
tied. There should be a strong stick placed to each flowering
growth, which must be tied firmly ; and also one to the flower
stalk with a piece of wadding close to the flower ; then tie
the stalk firmly to the stick, and allow nothing to rub against
the flowers.
Peristeria elata should be treated in the same way as
above recommended for Phajus.
Cypripedliims which have separate flowers require a small
stick to each flower stalk. The Ly castes, and all other
Orchids that flower in the same way, require similar support
for their individual flowers, which, if kept separate, will
travel safely without more trouble.
All Orchids if going a long distance should have fine paper
placed over the flowers, as the dust often spoils the delicate
bloom ; this also protects them from cold.
The best means of conveyance for Orchids is decidedly a
78 OKCHID-GRO'^\rEK's MANUAL.
spring van with a cover on the top. In placing the plants
in the van, we always put some hay between pots, to keep
them firm and prevent their rubbing against each other ;
this, moreover, helps to retain the warmth in the pots by
preventing draughts from reaching them, and thus the roots
are not subjected to any great check through change of
temperature.
An opportunity occurs here to remark upon the paucity of
Orchids at our great London exhibitions of the present day, as
compared with those of former jears. It is true several of
the large contributors are dead, and their collections are
dispersed ; some fcAv have relinquished their culture, and
others have removed to a distance, but there still remains
ample material in the numerous rich collections in the
vicinity of the metropolis to again furnish a glorious bank of
flowers, such as formerly greeted the eye at the Chiswick and
Regent's Park Gardens on Exhibition days ; and we are fully
persuaded it is only from the want of encouragement in the
matter of prizes, that we do not now see these gorgeous displays
at our London shows. That such is the case, we have only
to turn for proof to the great Whit-week show at Manchester.
There the prizes are good, and not only do the cultivators in
the immediate vicinity bring their plants, but others from a
considerable distance can be seen staging their productions
for competition against the celebrated growers of "Cottono-
polis " ; indeed, the display made in 1870 we never saw
surpassed, if equalled, at any show. This may be readily
imagined when it is stated that a double row of these plants
alone extended a distance of over three hundred feet, and
amongst them were many of the grandest Lcelias, Cattleyas,
Yandas, Trichopilias, Odontoglossums, and a host of others,
we have ever beheld. Some may contend from these facts
that the love of gain is the chief motive power. This would
INSECTS AND OTHER ENEMIES. 79
be a wrong conclusion to di-aw, but although gentlemen and
gardeners do sometimes exhibit for the honour only, such
cannot always be the case. Indeed, the cost of obtaining a
proper conveyance, the packing, the transit, and the time
occupied at the exhibitions, represents a considerable sum of
money, and very few persons can be induced to incur the
expenditure if the prize to be competed for does not at least
cover the expense — neither is it reasonable of any Society to
expect that they should do so.
INSECTS AND OTHER ENEMIES.
|RCHIDS have always been liable to bo injured by
many sorts of Insects, such as Red Spider, Thrips,
Mealy Bug, White and Brown Scale, Cockroaches,
and Ants ; and also by such molluscs as Woodlice, and a
small kind of Snail {Helix alliaria) ; but they have some
friends of the animal kingdom, and amongst them we would
mention Green Frogs. We have found Green Frogs very
useful in Orchid houses, and we believe many growers now
employ them. They are very agile in their movements, and
it is surprising to see the rapidity with which they move
from plant to plant without causing the slightest injury.
The quantity of insects they eat is astonishing, especially
young Cockroaches and Woodlice, which are generally plentiful
wherever Orchids are grown.
The Insects injurious to Orchids are, unfortunately, be-
coming more numerous than they formerly were. Then we had
only those already mentioned to contend with. Now however
we hear of new Insects, coming in with new Orchids. This
is not at all sup rising, as Orchids are being brought home
from fresh localities and naturally bring the different species
80 okchid-grower's manual.
of Insects infesting tliem along with them, and these are
introduced with the imported plants, amongst which they har-
bour. Some of them prove to be terrible pests, feeding upon
such of the plants as suit their taste. They should therefore be
well looked after, and if possible destroyed before the plants are
allowed to enter our houses. We cannot be too particular in
this, for in it lies one of the chief elements of success ; if these
pests are not got rid of, they will in time destroy the foliage,
besides giving a most unsightly appearance to the plant, which
is very objectionable ; the flowers, moreover, will be destroyed
by these marauders, which is most annoying after all the care
and expense bestowed upon them.
There is no doubt that in this matter prevention is better
than cure. Therefore these enemies must be kept in check,
by careful examination of the plants when they reach this
country, and for this purpose before admitting them in our
Orchid houses, they should be placed in a probationary struc-
ture, and should insects be found on them no rest should be
given them until they are entirely got rid of. We repeat what
we have often said on previous occasions : well wash every
part of the plant, leaves, bulbs, and roots, and then there will
be little chance of the insects escaping destruction.
Imported plants are not by any means the only ones that
suffer from insect pests. We frequently see plants exposed
for sale in a disgracefully foul condition ; in fact, they look as
though water and sponge had never been near them. These
Orchids require quite as much looking after as the imported
ones, and the best plan of procedure is to thoroughly cleanse
the bulbs and foliage, shake them out of the pots, cut away all
the decayed roots, wash the sound roots in clean water, and then
pot them, in clean pots and in new material according to the
directions given for performing this operation. This if
efficiently done will be a sure means of eradicating the pests,
INSECTS AND OTHER ENEMIES, 81
which the inexperienced grower will have to search closely for
in order to find them. Some of them are to be seen in the
shape of eggs ; others appear as young insects but so minute
that a magnifying glass should be employed in searching the
foliage, to discover them. If, however, the plan recommended
above be followed, all traces of them will be cleared away.
We find in the case of plants as well as animals, that cleanli-
ness is one of the first steps towards securing good health.
"We have now, we trust, shown what to do and what to avoid,
in the case of imported plants and established specimens
affected by these pests.
Cockroaches are among the greatest plagues with which we
have to deal ; they will do a great deal of mischief in a few
nights if not intercepted, and they should therefore be sought
after on every opportunity. The food they like best is the
young tender roots and flower stems, and we have known the
roots of a plant completely eaten off in one night by these
depredators. The only way to keep these insects under is by
constantly looking after them, both by night and day, searching
for them in the evening by candle-light, and in the day-time
by moving the pots and baskets under which they harbour.
They leave their hiding-places in the evening, to seek after
food, and it is then that they are most easily caught. Chase's^
Beetle Poison, a phosphoric mixture sold in boxes, is a capital
thing to destroy them, if laid in different parts of the house in
the evening, or two or three nights a week, and then removed
for a week, repeating the operation every other week until
they are destroyed. It should be placed on oyster-shells or
pieces of tile or slate, the pieces of shell being collected
every morning, and put down again in the evening. There are
also several other kinds of Beetle powders, which should
be placed upon the stages amongst the plants.
By using these preparations from time to time they may bo
D 3
_OZ OKCHID-GROWER S MANUAL.
kept under. It is also a good plan to lay some damp moss as
a decoy in the hottest part of the house ; this should be looked
over every two or three days. We have killed many in this
way. They may also be destroyed by the use of a mixture of
honey, lard, and arsenic, the latter in very small quantity,
j)lacing some of this on oyster-shells, and laying them in
different parts of the house. Some growers mix the arsenic
with tallow, and put it on a stick, which is stuck in the pots ;
care must, however, be taken that the mixture does not touch
the leaves or bulbs of the plants. Bell-glasses are also used
for catching these pests, inverting them so that they are level
with the soil or moss, and then half filling them with treacle
made a little thinner by admixture with water ; it should be
thick enough to stick and prevent them from climbing up the
glass ; the dead ones should be removed every day.
Small Ants are another pest in the Orchid house, as they
carry the dirt to the flowers, and thus spoil their appearance,
as well as smother the plants, and if allowed to accumulate,
they frequently cause great injury to them. The best plan we
know for catching these little troublesome insects, is to cut
apples in halves, scoop out a portion of the inside, and lay
the pieces in different parts of the house, looking them over
very often. We have in this way destroyed hundreds in a
very short time. Treacle is also a good thing as a trap for
these pests ; place some in a bell-glass in the places which they
frequent — they are fond of anything sweet ; they go to feed,
get into the mixture, and cannot get out again, as it holds them
down, and thus causes their death. We have also found hollow
bones a very good means of enticing them, but these should
be dipped in boiling water and the bones laid down again, or
the water may be poured on the bones as they lay on the stages.
They should be frequently looked over.
The best way of getting rid of the Red Spider and the
INSECTS AND OTHER ENEMIES. 06
Thrips is by frequently washing the leaves with clean water,
and by fumigating the house with tobacco or tobacco paper.
Our method is, to fill the house with tobacco smoke three or
four times, at intervals of two or three days, till the insects
are quite destroyed ; the evening is the best time to do this.
It is also a good plan to mix some lime and sulphur together,
and rub it on the pipes in different parts of the house, taking
care not to use too much ; and it should be used only when
the pipes are warm, not hot ; there should be a good supply
of moisture at the same time, but not too much heat. There
is also a kind of Eed Thrips which sometimes gets into the
heart of the plants, and is very troublesome ; tobacco smoke
is the best remedy for this. It is very difficult to perceive,
but will soon disfigure the tops of the plants if not kept under.
When discovered, the house should be smoked every two or
three nights till it is destroyed. The parts on which the
insects had established themselves should be washed with
tobacco water. Tobacco powder may also be used on the
leaves, or even powdered sulphur mixed with water, and
applied to the afiected parts with a camel's hair pencil.
The Geeen Fly or Aphis, which makes its appearance in
spring on the young flower buds, may also be destroyed by
tobacco smoke ; and of late we have had a yellow Aphis intro-
duced, which is a great pest if not kept under, and requires
more looking after than the green fly ; smoke will kill this
pest, and wherever it is seen it must be washed ofi" with a
sponge to prevent its increase.
The BpvOWn Scale, the White Scale, and the Mealy-bug
may be kept under by frequently sponging the leaves and
bulbs with water. The White Scale is very troublesome if not
looked after. A little soft soap mixed with water, and rubbed
over the leaves and bulbs, is a good thing to destroy this kind
of scale ; it should remain on for a day, and then be washed
84 orchid-growee's manual.
ofi', when all the insects will be destroyed. Care should, how-
ever, be taken not to use it too strong. Cattleyas are very
subject to this pest. The following is another recipe for
destroying it : — To one gallon of rain water add eight ounces
of soft soap, one ounce of tobacco, and three table-spoonfuls
of spirits of turpentine ; stir well together, and leave the mix-
ture for forty-eight hours ; then strain it through a cloth,
when it will be ready for use. It is necessary to rub the
plants over two or three times, if they are much infested, but
once will be sufficient in most cases. Any portion of the
mixture remaining after the plants are washed, should be put
into a bottle, and reserved for future use. This recipe is also
a cure for Thrips on azaleas or other plants. The ingredients
as above noted should be mixed in a large tub, and the plants
dipped in it ; this will speedily clear them of the pest. It
will be seen, therefore, that it is useful to others as well as
Orchid growers, and will prove a great saving of labour for
those who grow large plants for exhibition, or for those who
have a quantity of small plants to clear of such pests.
The Meal,y-bug must be kept away by constantly watching
for it and frequently cleansiog the plants. Whenever a plant
is purchased that is infested wdth it, take care to cleanse it
thoroughly before placing it in the stove or Orchid house. In
a word, never allow insects to get the upper hand, or you wull
not long continue to grow plants to perfection, for all such
pests are as poison to plants — robbing them of their vigour,
and when they have lost that there is not much hope of them.
There are more plants lost through uncleanliness than from
any other cause.
Cattleya Fly. One of the new insects we have now to
battle with is a kind of fly which attacks the Lcclias and
Cattleyas. A maggot appears at the base of the young growths,
and may easily be perceived by those who have once had
INSECTS AND OTHER ENEMIES. 85
their attention directed towards it, for the bulb swells and
becomes club-shaped at the part where the maggot is feed-
ing ; these larvae when they are matured change into a fly, the
swollen part of the bulb opens, and the flies are liberated and
become distributed about the house, when if they are not
destroyed they multiply, and will soon infest the healthy
plants. They appear to live chiefly amongst the Cattleyas.
They remain in the bulb until it is half-grown, which must of
course injure the plant, and then they leave it.
The remedy to be adopted is this : as soon as the bulb is
perceived to be swelling more than is natural to it, proceed to
cut the growth away close to the old bulb, and thus destroy it at
once before any mischief has been done. There is then a chance
of getting another growth without it. This will be found to be
the only effectual method of exterminating this enemy. It is
annoying to have to cut away the young growth, but it is better
to do so than to get other plants infested in the same manner.
In the case of imported plants, the insects will not be in the
bulbs, but distributed among the old stems, and if not destroyed
at once they will be ready to enter the new shoots while young
and tender. When the fly leaves the bulb it laj's its eggs,
which soon pass through their several stages, and in due time
become flies. These when full grown pierce the foliage and
young growths with their ovipositor, and lay their eggs,
which soon change into the maggots, these latter feeding on the
growing bulbs, and deriving their sustenance from the living
tissues of the bulb, which is of course most injurious. If
imported plants have been infested there will be found a punc-
ture near the bottom of the old bulb. If there is no puncture
to be seen, the plant may be cleaned and put away. A
successful Orchid grower told us how he had entirely got rid
of these insects by the following treatment. He placed his
newly imported plants in a house by themselves until the
86 OKCHID-GROWEB S MANUAL.
young growths were sufficiently formed to show whether or
not there was any appearance of the swelling of the bulb, and
if not he felt safe, and removed them to their permanent
quarters. This probationary treatment is a wise plan to adopt.
Black Thrips. There is another new pest which has only
come under our notice during the past year ; that is a black
Thrips, much larger than the one we have been in the habit of
seeing. We have noticed it in several collections of East
Indian Orchids, and it must have been imported among some
of the Aerides or Vanclas. This pest finds its way to the
hearts of the plants, and causes the top leaves to become
spotted or yellow ; it must be closely and constantly
watched for, the hearts of the plants especially being well
searched ; and if any of them should appear their destruction
must be set about at once, no rest being given until they are
banished from their haunts. For the purpose of destroying
them use a fine hair brush wetted with tobacco water care-
fully, so that the young leaves may not be bruised ; then take
all the material out of the pot and burn it, wash the roots, and
supply fresh moss, as they might accumulate among the roots.
It is best to remove the infested plants to another house until
the pest has been entirely subdued. When the}- are thoroughly
cleared of the thrips take the plants back to the house, but
keep a close watch upon thsm.
Stock-seed Scale. There is also a scale insect which has
made its way into our collections during the last few years ; it
is known to Orchidists as the Stock-seed Scale, and is so
named from its close resemblance to the seed of the stock.
This generally gets under the leaves and flower spikes, and
must be washed off" the plants. Some persons think they are
harmless, but they do harm, because they must exist upon
something, and that something must be the juices of the plant.
They increase rapidly, and go from plant to plant. Where
DISEASES OF ORCHIDS. bl
these are found there are always plenty of small ants, so that
there must be something for these pests to live upon, or they
would not be followed by these busy insects that are always
searching for food. If the Scale is not destroyed, it will in
time infest the whole house of plants. The practice of clean-
liness by Orchid growers will be found the right road to secure
success in the cultivation of their plants.
The WooDLOUSE and the small Snail {Helix alliaria) are
also very destructive. These, like the cockroach, are very
fond of the young roots ; they may be trapped by cutting
some potatos in two, scooping out the inside, and placing
them on the pots and baskets, looking them over every
night and morning till the house is cleared of the vermin.
Turnips cut in slices will answer the same end. Small
flower-pots, with some dry moss at the bottom, also form
capital traps for the woodlouse ; lay them on their sides in
different parts of the house, and examine them frequently-,
destroying those which are caught. Toads are very useful
in catching these pests, and a few placed in a house prove
very serviceable.
DISEASES OF ORCHIDS.
RCHIDS are subject to diseases in their leaves,
stems, and pseudobulbs, especially during the
damp months of winter. Of these the most in-
jurious are the Rot and the Spot.
The Rot, which is apt to assail the thick fleshy bulbs, is
caused by too much moisture in the house. When the heat
is low, the drip from the glass will sometimes fall on the
crowns of the pseudobulbs, and this soon causes them to rot.
Steam is also very injurious in a house during the winter ; it
88 orchid-geo^'ek's manual.
is particularly inimical to such plants as Cattleyas, Lalias,
Odontoglossums, and other Orchids that have fleshy bulbs.
When the leaves begin to rot, the diseased part should be
cut clean away, and a little sulphur rubbed on the part that is
cut, but not so that the sulphur can get to the roots.
When the rot attacks the bulbs it should be seen to at once,
as it may be easily stopped by cutting the diseased part
entirely away with a sharp knife, no portion of the diseased or
decaj'ed bulb being left, and the wound should then be filled
up with sulphur, to keep it dry. Should any part of the fleshy
pseudobulbs of the above-named plants, or of those with
similarly -formed bulbs, become discoloured, and the dark or
discoloured part appear moist or wet, especially if any fluid
exudes from it on pressure, the wet or discoloured part should
be immediately cut out, or there is danger that the bulb will
be destroyed, as the rot is often much more extensive within
than the discoloured appearances on the outside would seem
to indicate. The plant should also be removed to a drier and
cooler place, and water should be given with the utmost care.
The Spot is the dread of Orchid growers, and there is no
denying that when it attacks a plant it will soon disfigure it.
Some assert that it is infectious, but this we do not believe.
Indeed, wo should have no hesitation in placing a plant
infected with spot amongst a quantity of healthy ones, and
should any of these become diseased, we should feel certain
it was induced by a wrong course of treatment in some respect,
and that no blame could be laid to the charge of the neighbour-
ing plant. A great deal has been said and written respecting
this disease, which we have seen in various places, and on
other plants as well as on Orchids. We have not experienced
much of it ourselves, and have in most cases fomad that the
plants outgrew it.
To prevent the disease making its appearance, no rotten
DISEASES OF ORCHIDS. 89
or rottiug material should be permitted near the roots, either
in the shape of sour stagnant moss or soil, or decomposed
wood. If the plants get sufficient, but not excessive heat,
an abundance of fresh sweet air without draughts or sudden
chills, a liberal supply of moisture, and full exposure to the
light, with shade from the direct burning rays of the sun,
we are fully persuaded that the Spot will never be trouble-
some. On the other hand, if any plants are attacked,
the material about the roots should be taken away, every
particle of decayed or decaying root removed, and the sound
portions should be well washed with warm water ; after this
they should be re-potted in some good sweet soil, the in-
structions already given for the treatment of healthy plants
being otherwise followed out.
In 1860, a gentleman bought of us some plants of
Phal(Enopsis, which were the finest grown plants we had seen,
and they did beautifully with him for some time, growing
very fast — in fact too fast, for they got sappy, and their
leaves became spotted, as did also those of some others he
had. Some time after we went to see them, and our opinion
respecting them was asked. Upon inquiring how they had
been treated, we were told that a great deal of water had been
given over the leaves, and the roots kept wet ; this was
during winter. We called to see them several times during
the following spring, and advised that they should be treated
as recommended for Phalcenopsis in these pages. These
plants have quite outgrown the spot, and are now among the
finest round London.
When at Hoddesdon, we had two Phalanopses which became
afiected with spot in the winter. We cut ofi" one of the leaves,
and sent it to Dr. Lindley for his opinion as to the cause of
the evil. His reply was, that the plants had been kept too
moist during the cold dark days of winter — a reply which we
90 ORCHID- GEO WER's MANUAL.
have never since lost sight of. He was quite right, for it was
a sharp winter, and these two plants had been kept wet by
placing the bottom of the block on which they grew in a
pan of water to keep off the cockroaches. In that way, too
much moisture crept up to the roots, and, being in the winter
time, this doubtless caused the leaves to become spotted.
However, by following the treatment here recommended in
the remarks on Phalanojms, the plant soon recovered ; but if
a rigorous change had not been adopted in time, the disease
would have gone too far, and probably killed the plants.
Much injury is done to epiphytal Orchids by keeping the
plants too wet at the roots in dull weather ; in fact, too much
moisture in that way is injurious at any time, especially to
those species that grow on branches of trees, when they
come to be confined in pots and baskets. Our practice is, to
give but little water at the roots during winter, and not so
much as many people in summer, because we have seen the
ill effects of it. The treatment we recommended some years
ago we still follow, and with uniform success.
Some Orchid growers give more heat and moisture than
is here recommended, and their plants have done well for a
time ; but under such exciting management they are apt to
become spotted, and get permanently into a bad state of
health — in short, the least chill, after growing in so high a
temperature, is liable to induce disease. The great secret
in the cultivation of these as well as of all other plants, is to
provide a proper house, without drip ; to supply sufficient
ventilation, heat, and moisture ; and to ensure the total
banishment of insects detrimental to vegetable life. The
temperature throughout the year should be kept in accordance
with the directions laid down in these pages, which are the
result of long experience and close observation.
91
SELECT ORCHIDS IN CULTIVATION.
E next proceed to give a popular description of the
best Orchidaceous plants now cultivated in our
gardens. The distinctive features of each genus
are first given, and these are followed by an account of the
mode of treatment which we have found, after many years,
to be best adapted to their successful cultivation, and supple-
mented by descriptions of the choicer species and varieties.
The genera and species are arranged in alphabetical order
for facility of reference.
AciNETA, Lindlcij.
{Tribe Vandese, suhtribe Stanhopiese.)
Epiphytal plants of stout habit, bearing showy flowers in
drooping racemes from the base of the pseudobulbs. They
are related to Peristeria, and distinguished by their broad and
finally spreading sepals, and the narrowly margined claw of
the lip, which has a concave inflexed middle lobe, by a longish
column, and by the oblong stalks of the two pollen-masses
becoming thickened with a gland at the base. About eight
species are known, natives of Tropical America and Mexico.
Culture. — These plants should be grown in baskets, as
their flower spikes, which invariably take a downward direc-
tion, spring from the base of the pseudobulbs. They are all
evergreen, with short pseudobulbs, and nervose leaves, about
a foot high. They are of easy culture in a mixture of moss
and peat ; and a liberal supply of water at the roots is
necessary during their period of growth, but during their
resting period less will suffice. They will all succeed in
either the East Indian or Cattleya house, suspended from
the roof ; and all of them may be propagated by separating
the pseudobulbs when fully matured. In order that the
92 okchid-grower's manual.
flowers may be kept as long as possible from blemish or
decay, care should be taken not to wet them while watering
or syringing the plants ; this precaution, indeed, applies to all
Orchids, and to all other choice flowers.
A. Barken, Lindiey. — A handsome species, with drooping
spikes a foot long of large fleshy golden-yellow subglobose
flowers, spotted with dark red in the centre of the lip ; blooms
during summer, and lasts long in perfection. — Mexico.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4203 ; Paxt. Mag., xiv. 145 ; III. Sort., t. 44 ; Batejn.
Orch. Mex., t. 8.
Syn. — Peristeria Barheri,
A. densa, -Lmc?/^^. — A beautiful species, with long drooping
spikes of large bright yellow flowers, which are larger and
more expanded than in A. Barkeri; inside the petals are
covered with crimson spots, and the lip which is boldly dotted
with red on the side lobes has a large quadrangular appen-
dage or gland of a deep sanguineous red ; blooms in March
and April, and lasts a long time in perfection. — Central
America.
YiG.— Floral Mag., t. 16 ; Paxt. Fl. Card. i. 91, fig. 63.
Syn. — Acineta Warscewiczii,
A. Hmbyana, Bchh. f. — This, according to Prof. Reichen-
bach, is a fine and distinct species, with loose racemes of ivory
white flowers, which bear a few purple spots on the lip, and
are distinguished from those of other species by having narrow
erect side lobes to the lip. — New Grenada.
A. Humboldtii, Lindiey. — A noble plant, with pendent
spikes two feet long of deep chocolate purple flowers, which
are spotted on the surface, and have the petals much smaller
than the sepals and of a deep rosy red, while the column is
whitish ; flowers about March, and continues but a short
time in perfection. — Venezuela.
Fig.— Bot. Reg., 1843, t. 18 ; H.B.K. Nov. Gen., i, t. 93 ; Moore, III. Orch.,
Acineta 1 ; Fl. de Serres, x. t. 902.
Syn. — Peristeria Humboldtii; Anguloa superba; Acineta superba.
A. Humboldtii Mva, Hort. — A handsome and distinct
variety with tawny-yellow flowers spotted all over with dots
of purplish brown, the lip of a brighter yellow spotted with
deep purple.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 41 56.
Syn. — Peristeria Humboldtii fulva.
ACKOPEEA.
93
A. Humboldtii Straminea, Hort. — An interesting variety
■with the flowers of a pale straw yellow, with very few spots. —
?iew Grenada.
A, superba. — See Acineta Humboldth.
A. Warscewiczii. — See Acineta densa.
ACEOPEEA, Lindley.
{Tribe Vandese, subtribe Cyrtopodiese.)
A genus of epiphytal plants bearing long loose racemes
of large and curiously-shaped flowers. They are so nearly
related to Gongora, as to be included in that genus by
some of our highest authorities on Orchids, the chief difier-
ences consisting in the broader sepals, of which the doi*sal is
galeate ; in the often biaristate tips of the petals, and in the
articulated oscillating lip. The species are few in number,
and are confined to Central America and Mexico.
Chdture. — These plants are nearly related to Gongora, and,
like those of that genus, comprise species that are both pretty
and curious. The flowers of those here described are large,
and produced in great profusion ; they do not thrive under
cool treatment, which suits some other species, but they thrive
best in the Cattleya house, grown in baskets, with sphagnum
moss and fibrous turfy peat.
A. armeniaca, Lindley. — A free-growing and somewhat
slender plant, attaining about a foot in height, with somewhat
oval pseudobulbs, producing from their apex a pair of lanceo-
late light green leaves, and from the base a slender drooping
lax raceme a foot or more in length, bearing from twelve to
twenty rich apricot-coloured flowers on a greenish purple
rachis ; blooms freely through the summer months, and is a
very desirable plant for a basket. — Central America : Nica-
ragua.
YlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6501 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. 94, fig. 66.
Stn. — Acropera cornuta ; Gongora armeniaca.
A. aurantiaca, Lindley. — A beautiful evergreen species, of
neat compact habit, one of the most distinct of its family as
94 orchid-groweb's manual.
regards the colour of its flowers, which last for a long time in
beauty ; it grows about a foot high, producing erect scapes
with nodding spikes of bright vermilion-orange flowers, which
are somewhat distantly disposed, and are peculiar for their
closed form ; it blooms in autumn and the early spring, and
is of a very durable character. — New Grenada.
'FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5435 ; III. Hort., 3 ser., t. 167.
A. COrnuta. — See Acropera armeniaca.
A. Loddigesii, Lindley. — An old and not very showy species,
but an interesting one, as its flowers are very curious in their
formation both in the bud state and when fully developed ;
the pseudobulbs are ovate and clustered, and from their base
the drooping racemes of flowers are freely produced, the long
ovary curving inwards so as to bring the flowers near to the
rachis ; they are of a pale tawny yellow, with the lip broA^oiish-
red, and give out a powerful odour resembling that of wall-
flowers ; blooms during the summer months, but does not
last long. — Me.vico.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 3563 ; Loddiges, Bot. Cab., t. 1645.
Syn. — Maxillaria galeata ; Gongora galeata.
Ada, lAndley.
{Tribe VandeEe, subtribe Oncidiese.)
A small genus of epiphytical plants bearing gay and showy
flowers. It is distinguished from Brassia by its free but
erect connivent perianth divisions, which are appressed below,
and spread only a little at the apex ; by the wingless column,
the base "of which is dilated, and united with the base of the
narrow undivided lip ; by the two lamellae of the lip becoming
confluent into a linear truncate appendage ; and by the
short obovate caudicle and circular gland of the pollen-masses.
There is but one species known, a native of the Columbian
Andes, where it is found at an elevation of 8,500 feet.
Culture. — This handsome winter and spring Orchid is nearly
allied to Brassia. It should be grown in pots, in a compost
of peat and sphagnum moss, along with such plants as
Odontoyhssum Alexandra!., and should be treated in a similar
AERANTHUS - AERIDES. 95
manner. A few plants of it intermixed with the Odontoglots
produce a charming effect, the rich orange- vermilion colour of
the flowers contrasting well with the delicate tints of 0.
AlexandrcB and its congeners. As an exhibition plant, when
grown into good-sized masses, the Ada is unsurpassed, the
flowers being of a colour which is very scarce amongst Orchids.
It is, in fact, a fine addition to our now numerous cool-house
species.
A. aurantiaca, Lindley. — A
compact growing evergreen
species, attaining to about a foot
in height, with long tapered
pseudobulbs, narrow channelled
leaves, and longer scapes, bear-
ing a nodding distichous raceme
of bright orange-coloured or
cinnabar flowers, the linear-lan-
ceolate segments of which are
pressed together in the lower
part, and spreading only at the
apex. It is an extremely showy
and interesting plant, blooming ^^^ aurantiaca.
in the winter and early spring, and lasting for 'several weeks
in perfection. — New Grenada.
Fig.— Bof.3fag., t. 5435; Bateman, 2nd Cent. Orch. PI, 1. 113 ; III. Eort.,
3 ser., t. 107 ; Orchid Album, ii. t. 53.
Stn. — Mesospinidium aurantiacum.
Aeeanthus sesquipedalis. — Angr^cum sesquipedale.
AiiRIDES, Loureiro.
{Tribe Vandeae, subtribe Sarcantheae.)
A genus of noble evergreen epiphytal Orchids, remarkable
for their distichously-arranged elegantly-curving leathery
leaves, and their long graceful sometimes loosely-branched
racemes of deliciously- scented delicately-coloured flowers.
They resemble the Saccolabiums in many respects, especially
in habit, but differ in having a long stalk to the column, to
96 ORCHID- grower's manual.
wliicli the base of the lip is articulately affixed, the underside
being produced into a spur at the back. Numerous species
and varieties are recorded, natives of India, the Malay
Archipelago, and Eastern Asia, extending to Japan.
Culture. — The species of Aerides are among the most
beautiful of Orchids, many of them uniting every good quality
that a plant can possess. Even when not in bloom the
plants themselves are interesting objects, and give a tropical
character to the collections in which they are found. The
stems are straight or slightly bent, the leaves being attached
on opposite sides, and they are nourished by large fleshy
roots, shooting out horizontally from near the base. The
flowers, which are rich and waxy, proceed from the axils
of the leaves, and extend in delicate racemes one or two
feet in length, while their fragrance is so powerful as to
fill the house in which they are grown with a grateful
perfume.
These plants are of easy culture, and if properly^ attended
to seldom fail to do well. They are found growing on the
branches of trees, generally on such as overhang streams of
water ; and to grow them in anything like perfection the
climate in which they grow wild must in most respects be
imitated. We find they succeed best with a good supply of
heat and moisture during their growing season, which is
from about March to the latter end of October, During that
time we keep the temperature, by day, from 70° to 75°,
allowing it to rise to 80° and 85°, or even higher, provided the
house is shaded from the rays of the sun. The night tem-
perature should range from 65° to 70° in March and April,
and afterwards it may rise five degrees higher. In the
autumn and winter months the temperature should average
from 60° to 65° by night, while by day a little more heat will
be of benefit to the plants ; they like a liberal supply of
AERIDES. 97
moisture about their roots, but too mucK must not be given
them in dull weather.
Some persons grow their A'e rides in baskets and rafts made
of wood, but they may also be grown in pots or pans — a
mode of culture successfully followed by many of our culti-
vators, especially by those who exhibit, for when in pots the
plants are more easily moved about. Another point in favour
of pot culture is that baskets soon decay ; but if the plants
are not required for exhibition, we should advise some of the
smaller kinds to be grown in baskets, in which they have a
fine appearance, especially if there is room for suspending
them, allowing the roots to grow out of the basket. All the
kinds will succeed well in this way.
In pot culture fill the pots about three-parts full of pot-
sherds, placing large pieces at the bottom, but finishing off at
the top with smaller ones ; above this fresh living sphagnum
moss should be used, and when this begins to decay fresh
moss should be given to keep all healthy. They all do well
on blocks of wood, but to grow them in perfection in this way
they require greater care as regards moisture. Sphagnum
moss and broken potsherds have proved the best materials
for filling baskets. They require frequent watering at the
roots during the growing season ; indeed, they shoull never
be allowed to become thoroughly dry, not even during their
season of rest, as if so they are liable to shrivel and lose
their lower leaves.
The species of A'eridcs require but little repose, and the
moss should always be kept damp, but during the dull months
of winter no water should be allowed to lodge on the leaves
or in the heart of the plant, as it would be very apt to rot
them. The plants, if not in pots, should be suspended from
the roof, but not very near the glass, lest they should be
afi'ected by cold.
98 okchid-gkowek's manual.
The A'erides should be kept perfectly free from insects,
especially the different kinds of scale. There is a small
kind in particular which is apt to infest them, and which, if
allowed to iQcrease, will speedily make the plants look yellow
and unhealthy. It may be kept under by washing with warm
water and soft-soap, applied with a sponge, and left on the
leaves for some twenty-four hours, when all remains of the
soap should be removed with clean water. They are also
subject to the attacks of the red Thrips, especially on the
young leaves ; this can be kept down by frequent applications
of tobacco powder, or fumigation ; if allowed to remain these
red Thrips considerably damage the young growth, turning
it red and brown. The black Thrips sometimes attacks the
older leaves and disfigures them very much ; they should be
eradicated by frequent fumigation and sponging.
These plants are propagated by cutting them into pieces, with
roots attached to each piece. Some kinds, however, are shy in
throwing up young shoots, and this makes these sorts very
scarce. Those of the A. odoratum group are the most easy to
increase, and A. crispum sends out roots more freel}^ than some
others. If the plants ever get into an unhealthy condition,
the best way is to cut away the bottom portion and give the
remainder fresh moss, with j)lenty of water at the roots.
A. afflne, WaUich. — A beautiful dwarf species, producing
leathery bluntly two-lobed leaves, a foot long, spotted with
brown, and bearing erect spikes of light rose-coloured
flowers, spotted on the lip, which is lozenge-shaped and
entire, with a darker shade of the same colour ; it blooms in
June and Jul3\ This plant, which is of slow-growing habit
does not root freely, and requires less moisture than an}- of
the other kinds. — India.
FiG.—Lindl. Serf. Oi'ch., t. 15.
Syn.— ^. multiflorum; A. roseum, Hort.
A. afflne SUperbum, Hort., is a fine variety, much stronger
in growth than the type ; the flowers are also larger, and of a
99
richer colour. The best variety we have seen bloomed with
Mr. B. Findlay, at the Manchester Botanic Gardens. The
spikes of this, as well as those of the species, are apt to
damp off at the ends before the flowers open — an evil which
is often caused by too much moisture having been given. It
continues a long time in perfection. — India.
A. Brookei. — See Ai-:paDES crispum.
A. cornutuni. — See Aerides odoratum.
A. crassifolium, Parish andPichh.f. — This species is one of
the most beautiful of the genus, and has been called the king
of all the A'eriiles. The plant is very stout and compact in
growth, with thick coriaceous oblong obliquely-bilobed dark
green leaves, and long drooping spikes of amethyst-purple
deliciously fragrant flowers, which are produced in May and
June, and continue perfect for a very long time. The
flowers are amongst the largest in the family, and the bluntly
ovate projected middle lobe of the lip is of a deeper richer
purple than the rest of the flower. Sir Trevor Lawrence,
Bart., M.P., has been most successful in flowering this gorgeous
species, which is best grown in a basket suspended near the
glass. — Burmah.
¥iG.— Warner, Set. Ornh. PL, 3 ser., t. 12 ; Paxt. Fl. Card., reissue, t. 1 ;
Card. Chron., N.S., viii. 492, fig.' 96.
A, Cj'ispnin, Lindley. — Avery
beautiful free-growing species,
of stiff erect habit, sometimes
attaining from four to five feet
in height. The stem is stout
and of a purple colour, the dark
green leaves five to ten inches
long, blunt and obliquely bi-
lobed, and the flowers grow in
long drooping racemes larger
than those of any other species,
white, tipped with rosy pink,
deliciously scented, the lip
three-lobed and upwards of an
inch long, the middle lobe
fringed and almost wholly of
a bright rose or sometimes a aerides cRisprji.
deep rose purple. The blossoms, which are abundant, are
produced in June or July,_^and last two or three weeks in
100 OKCHID- grower's MANUAL.
good condition ; they are very distinct in appearance from
those of any other kind. This species is best grown in the
Cattleya house. — India : Bvmhay.
YiG—Bot. Reg., 1842, t. 55 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4427 ; Hore de Serves, i. t. 13 ;
V. t. 438; m. IIoH., t. 123; Paxt. Mag. Bot., ix. 145.
Syn.— ^. Brookti.
A. crispum Lindleyanuin, Hon. — A charming variety also
from India, with large branching spikes, bearing handsome
blossoms, of which the sepals and petals are white, and the
lip is large of a rich rosy pink ; it flowers in April and May.
The growth is similar to that of A. crispum, and it req^uires
the same kind of treatment. — Coonoor.
Fig.— Wight, Icon., t. 1677.
Stn. — A, Lindleyanuin.
A, crispum Warneri, Williams. — A splendid free-flowering
varielyfrom India. In its stems and leaves it closely resembles
A. crispum, but the habit of growth is more compact, and the
leaves are smaller and more slender ; the blossoms, which are
produced in June and July, are white and rich rose colour,
and they last from three to four weeks in perfection. — India.
St>'. — -4. Warneri.
A. cylindricum. — See Aerides Vandaeum.
A. Dominiaillini, Hort. Veitch. — A fine and very rare garden
hybrid, the produce of a cross between A. Fieldingii and
A. affine, producing rich rose-coloured flowers, of the colour
of those of ^. Fieldingii, but having the shape and markings
of A. ajfine. It is sometimes called A. Fieldinijii Jujbridum,
and is one of the most beautiful orchidic variations which have
been obtained as the result of judicious hybridising. — Garden
Hybrid.
A. Ellisii. — See Aerides vikens Ellisii.
A. Emericii, Fichb. f. — This new species is, according to
Prof. Eeichenbach, allied to A. virens, but is more elegant in
habit, and the leaves are longer and narrower than in that
species, being elongate-lorate, and bilobed at the apex. The
flowers are in drooping racemes, the sepals and petals white
with a broad purple-lilac stripe down the centre of each, and
the lip white with the middle lobe purple-lilac, and marked with
numerous small spots of the same colour on the interior
101
portion of the spur ; it flowers in September and October. — ■
British India.
A. expansum, Rchh. /. — A grand plant, allied to A.
falcatum, but the leaves are broader, and of a light green
colour. The flowers are produced in elongated racemes, and
have the sepals and petals creamy Avhite marked with purple,
the well-expanded lip having amethyst blotches on the lateral
lobes and on the sides of the middle lobe, the broad anterior
portion of which is deep purple and the spur greenish ; it
flowers in June and July. — India.
Syn. — A. falcatum expansum,
A. expansum Leonige, Bchh. /., is a fine variety of the pre-
ceding, and was first flowered by H. J. Eoss, Esq., Castagnola,
Lastra k Signa, Italy. The flowers are not so closely set on
the spike as in J. falcatum, nor is the foliage so densely set.
— India.
A. falcatum, Lindley. — A fine free-growing plant, with a
good deal of the habit of A. crispum. The leathery leaves are
obtuse and obliquely mucronate at the apex, attaining ten
inches in length, and of a dark green colour with a bluish
metallic tint on the upper surface. The flowers grow in
dense pendulous racemes, of a creamy white with a crimson
spot at the apex of the sepals and petals, and the lip, which is
three-parted, with the lateral lobes obtusely falcate, and the
middle obovate lobe convex and ciliated, is deep rose in the
middle, the edges white barred with rose. It is a distinct
and striking species, and was first flowered in 1847 by Mr.
Eyles, when gardener to Sir Gr. Larpent, of Koehampton, and
was shown at Cbiswick in June of that year, when it received
the first prize as a new plant ; hence the name of A. Laypeiitm
under which it is sometimes known. — India.
'FiG.—Xenia Orchid., i. t. 92.
Syn. — A. Larpentm, Hort.
A. Fieldingii, Lindley. — A magnificent free-flowering
species of bold and striking character, of which there are
many distinct varieties, both in regard to growth and
flowers. It is one of the finest Orchids in cultivation, and
is popularly known as the Fox-brush Aerides on account of
its long dense raceme of flowers. The plant grows from two
to three feet high, with broad fleshy obliquely two-lobed
leaves, eight or ten inches long, and in some of the varieties
102 orchtd-&eower's manual.
of a dark green colour, -while in others they are of a lighter
shade. The flowers grow in drooping racemes, which some-
times attain a length of three feet, and are often branched ;
the flowers are unusually large, white beautifully mottled with
clear bright rose colour, and have a rich rose-coloured lip ;
they are produced during May, June, and July, and continue
for three or four weeks. This makes a fine exhibition plant,
and Prof. Morren well observes, " I'inflorescence rameuse est
toujours somptueuse." — India: Sikkim, Assam, dr.
Fig— Jennings, Oixhids, t. 20 ; Belgique Hort., 1876, tt. 18, 19.
A. flavidum. — See Aekides suavissimum.
A. Houlletianuin, Rchh.f. — This most distinct and beau-
tiful species was exhibited by Sir T. Lawrence, Bart., M.P.,
in 1876, when it was certificated by the Royal Horticultural
Society ; previous to this it had been flowered by Mr,
Liiddemann, of Paris. The growth, including roots, foliage,
and habit, resembles that of A. virens, the leaves being short,
lorate, and bluntly two-lobed at the apex. The flowers,
which are large and borne on dense many-flowered racemes,
resemble in form those of A. falcatum, but the sepals and
petals are bufi"-coloured tipped with a single spot of magenta,
and the lip is creamy-white with a wedge-shaped blotch of
magenta on the anterior part of the subrhomboid fimbriated
middle lobe, and bearing lines of the same colour on the
semifalcate side lobes. It flowers in May and June. — Cochin
China.
'Em.—Xenia Orchidacece, iii. t. 204; 111. Eorf., 3 ser., t. 455.
A. Huttoni. — See Aerides Thibautianl-m.
A. illustre, Rckh. f. — This is, according to Prof. Reichen-
bach, a grand plant, imported with A. crisjmm, and sup-
posed to be a natural hybrid. It has very short broad leaves
marked with a few dark spots, and unbranched racemes of
flowers in the way of A. macxdosum, but larger, the sepals
and petals being broader, with a lilac hue over the white and
with very few blotches, and these mostly on the inner side
of the petals ; the lip is very fine, rich amethyst-purple,
with the longitudinal basal markings characteristic of A.
macnlosxim . — In dia .
A. japonicum, Linden et Pichb. f. — This, though quite a
diminutive plant, nevertheless bears comparatively large
AERIDEP. 103
flowers, and is a pretty and interesting miniature epiphyte.
The leaves arc short, linear-oblong, leathery, and, as usual,
obliquely bilobed at the apex. It produces a drooping
raceme of about eight flowers, which are developed in June
and July, and are of a greenish-white, the lateral sepals
having some concentric purplish bars near the base, and the
obovate spathulate crenated lip a raised dark violet-purple
median riclge and a few paler purple spots ; it is a cool-house
species. — Japan.
¥m.—Bot. Mag., t. 5798 ; ///. Hort., 3 ser., t. 4f 1.
A. LarpentEG. — See Aerides falcatum.
A. Lawrencice, //rA^./.— This species, which was imported
by Mr. F. Sander, and purchased by Sir T. Lawrence, Bart.,
M.P., for the sum of 285 guineas, proves to be a grand and
unique plant. The habit of growth resembles that of A.
quinquemdnenim , but in its flowers it comes near A. odoratum,
though it is far superior to that kind in the dimensions of the
flowers. The floral racemes exceed a foot in length, and the
individual flowers are nearly as large as those of A. crispum;
the sepals are at first greenish, then waxy-white, and finally
yellow, the petals are flushed at the tip with fine purple, and
the ligulate denticulate middle lobe of the lip is also purple,
with two longitudinal purple stripes passing from the disk to
the mouth of the spur, which is elongated and tipped with
green ; the tall erect lateral lobes of the lip are oblong-
dolabriform ; it flowers during the autumn months ; and was
shown in fine condition in September last, by Baron Schroder.
— Trapical Asia.
A. LeeaEUni, Echb. f. — This distinct species resembles A.
qmnqnevuluernm in its growth and foliage. The flowers,
which are sweet-scented, are produced in short dense racemes,
and are amethyst-coloured with a green spur. It has been
named in honour of W. Lee, Esq., of Leatherhead, an
enthusiastic patron of Orchid culture ; it flowers during the
winter months. — India.
A. lepidlim, Rchb./. — A neat and pretty species, introduced
by Lieut. -Col. Berkeley. It has lorate leaves, somewhat
narrower than those of A. odoratum, and obtusely bilobed at
the end. The many-flowered ascending racemes are some-
times as much as eighteen inches in length, and covered with
104 obchid-grower's manual.
flowers, as large as those of A. afjine, which are white, with
the sepals and petals tipped with purple, and the triangular
projected anterior part of the lip also purple ; the spur is
slender, cylindrical, curved, and nearly as long as the stalked
ovary. — British India.
A. Lindleyanum. — See Aerides crispuji Lindleyanum.
A. LoTjbii, Hort. Veitch. — A free-flowering and handsome
species, producing long spikes of rosy pink and white blossoms.
The leaves are lorate, very leathery, channelled, obliquely
bilobed, of a light green here and there dotted with purple,
about eight inches long, and nearly two inches wide. The
flowers are very numerous, white, slightly tinted with soft
rose and faintly dotted towards the tips, the lip washed with
violet, the colour strongest on each side the white central line
of the broad ovate anterior part. Lemaire remarks that the
column and anther-bed have a striking resemblance to the
neck and beak of a bird. Altogether a very showy kind, and
one of our best Aerides for exhibition. There are several
varieties, many of them producing long branching spikes, and
making a fine display when in bloom. The finest specimen
we ever saw is in the select collection of J. Broome, Esq.,
Didsbury, and has been exhibited by him on several occasions
at the Manchester Exhibitions. It flowers during June and
July. — Moulmein.
YlG.—m. Hort., t. 559 ; Orchid Album, i. t. 21.
A. Lobbii AinswortMi, Williams. — A very fine form of the
type, producing spikes about two feet long, which are well
branched ; the colour is very bright and more eflective than
in the type. It was first flowered by R. F. Ainsworth, Esq.,
M.D., of Manchester, and was exhibited by his gardener,
Mr. Mitchell, at the Royal Horticultural Society's Show at
Preston. — Moulmein.
A. niaculosmn, Lindley. — A stout dwarf compact-growing
Orchid of great beauty, having stiff broad obliquely- obtuse
dark green leaves, eight inches long, spotted with purple
on the outer side near the base, and producing drooping
branched racemes of pale rosy flowers more or less spotted
with purple, and having a large bright rosy-purple ovate-
obtuse wavy anterior lobe to the lip, which has besides two
small acute lobes at its base. These flowers are dehciously
AEEIDES. 105
fragrant, and very striking in colour ; they are produced
about June and July, and if they are kept dry they will last
four weeks in perfection. The species is one of slow growth,
which is the reason we so seldom see fine plants. — India :
Bomhaii.
Fm.—Bot. Reg , 18i5, t. 58 ; Paxt. Mag. Bot, sii. 49.
A. maculosum Schroderi, Williams. — A. magnificent free-
growing plant, much stronger than A. maculosum, and more in
the way of A. crispum, with dark green foliage, ten inches long.
The flowers are very delicate, and deliciously scented, the sepals
and petals being almost alike — white, tinged with lilac and
spotted with rose, and the lip or labellum of a beautiful rosy
magenta colour ; it flowers in June or July, lasting three
weeks in perfection. This was first flowered by J. H. Schroder,
Esq. It is supposed that there was only one plant imported,
and that the stock at present in this country is from that one
plant, on which account it is still very rave.— Hills near
Bombatj.
'ElG.—Henfi-ey, Gard. Mag. Bot., ii. 121 ; Pescatorea, t. 33 ; Lem. Jard.
FL, t. 54; Gard. Chron., N.S., xiii; 493, fig. 87 (woodcut showing habit).
A. McMorlandi, Bort. — A magnificent species, compact in
growth, and having bright green foliage, about ten inches in
length. The blossoms are produced freely in long branching
racemes in June and July, and continue three or four weeks
in perfection ; they are white spotted with peach-colour.
The only plant we have known of this was in the collection of
E. McMorland, Esq., in compliment to whom it is named. —
India.
A. margaritaceum, Ilort. — This pretty species has spotted
leaves, and in its general appearance somew^hat resembles A.
maculosum ; it produces spikes of pure white flowers during
summer. — India.
A, Mendelii, Hort. — This very handsome and distinct
species has been named in honour of the late S. Mendel, Esq.,
a great lover of plants and a munificent patron of horticulture.
It has a stem about the thickness of that o? A. vinvis; the
leaves, which are about seven and a half inches long, and one
and a half in breadth, are smooth, shining, and of a light
green colour, and have the habit of clasping the stem at the
base, like those of A. quinquevulnerum. The flowers are
produced upon drooping spikes, and resemble those of A.
106 orchid-geowek's manual.-
LarpentcB as to size and shape, but are entirely distinct in
colour, being pure white tipped with rose. — India.
A. mitratum, Bchh. f. — A very distinct and charming
species of small stature. The stems are short, with abundant
thick aerial roots, the leaves being long (two feet) cylindric
attenuately-acuminate or whip-like, dark green, and the flowers
in numerous dense erect racemes, five to ten inches long, the
sepals and petals pure waxy-white, and the broadly truUi-
form obtuse lip rosy purple. A rare and elegant species. —
Mouhnein.
FlG.—Bot. Maff., t. .5728.
A. multiflorum. — See Aerides affine.
A. nobile, Wamcr. — A magnificent free-flowering fragrant
species in the way of A. suavisshmon, but with the flowers
larger and of a better colour ; we have seen racemes of this
plant from two to three feet long, and branched. The habit
of growth is vigorous ; the leaves are ligulate, obliquely
emarginate with an interjected tooth, and the racemes are
pendent and profusely flowered, the flowers being creamy
white, spotted and shaded with rose, the lip three-lobed, the
lobes of nearly equal length, the middle one tongue-shaped,
and bifid at the apex, and the long incurved ascendant spur
being yellowish ; it blooms in June, July, and August, and
keeps in perfection for three or four weeks. The flowers as
well as the rachides are clammy. — India.
Fig.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI,, i. t. 11 ; Gartenfl., t. 641.
A. odoratum, Loureiro. — A good old species, of free-grow-
ing habit, and one of the most abundant flowering of the
genus. The leathery leaves are ligulate, keeled, pale green,
and obliquely obtuse at the apex. It blooms in tlune or
July, and remains two or three weeks in good condition ; the
flowers grow in pendulous rbany- flowered racemes longer than
the leaves, and are creamy white, blotched and shaded with
pale magenta, and have a delightful perfume ; the lip is
remarkable for its large upturned spur. We have seen
specimens five feet high and four feet in diameter, which
produced fifty to sixty spikes of bloom every year. It is
altogether a noble and very useful plant. — China, Cochin
China, and India.
¥lG.—Bot. Reg., t. 1485 ; Bot. Mag , t. 4139 ; Knoicles and West, Fl. Cab.,
t. 75 ; Maund, Botanist, iv, t, 186 ; Bort. Parad., ii. t. 4.
Stn. — A. cornutum, Eosb.
AERIDES. 107
A, odoratuni COrnutum, Hon., is a handsome free-flowering
variety distinct in growth from the preceding. Its floral
racemes are about twelve inches long, furnished with pink and
white flowers, which are produced in May, June, and July,
and continue for upwards of three weeks in bloom. — India.
A. odoratum riiajus, Hon., is like A. odoratum in its growth,
and difiers only in the larger and longer spikes of flowers ; it
makes a fine exhibition plant, and may be retarded very
easily without the slightest injury. — India.
'ElG.—Gartenfl., viii. t. 273.
A. odoratum purpiirascens, Hort., is a somewhat^ scarce
variety, and one of the very best. It is robust in habit, with
broad dark green leaves, and is a free bloomer, producing long
massive racemes of large flowers, which are white, tipped
with bright pink ; it blossoms during May and June. — India.
A. pachyphyllum, BM. f. — A fine plant, imported along
with A. crass(folium . It has short very thick fleshy leaves,
blunt and unequally bilobed at the apes, and short racemes
of handsome hght crimson-lake flowers, of which the sepals
and petals are oblong-ligulate, the spur and column white, and
the small insignificant lobes of the lip painted with purple. —
Burmah.
A. quinquevulnerum, Lindley, — A splendid free-flowering
Orchid of free habit, less compact-growing than many other
species ; the ligulate leathery light green leaves are rounded
and obliquely emarginate at the apex, with a small inter-
jected apiculus. The racemes are pendent, densely flowered,
longer than the leaves, the flowers having the sepals and
petals white, spotted with rosy purple, and marked with
five deep rosy purple spots at the tips ; the tip of the lip
is green, the sides pink, and the middle a deep crimson :
it blooms in July or August, and lasts two or three weeks in
bloom. There are several varieties, some with much richer
coloured flowers than the others. This plant was formerly
extremely rare, but it has recently been imported in large
quantities, so that cultivators will now have an opportunity
of testing the beauty of this distinct Aerides — Fhilijipine
Islands : Manilla.
'FiG.—Lindl Sert. Orch., t. 30 : Faxt. Mag. Boi., viii. 241 ; Jennings,
Orch., t. 30.
108 OK CHID -grower's MANUAL.
A. quinqueviiluemm Farmeri, Williams, is a variety of the
preceding, j)rocluciug long spikes of white flowers ; it grows like
A. quinqiiev nine rum , and blooms about the same time. This
plant first came under our notice at Nonsuch Park, Cheam,
the seat of W. F. G. Farmer, Esq. ; it is extremely rare.—
Manilla.
A. ReiclienhacMi, Linden. — A beautiful species allied to
A. virevs and A. quinquevulnerum, the latter of which it
resembles in habit and foliage. It has long dense drooping
racemes of flowers, of which the sepals are white blotched with
purple, the dorsal one cuneate-ovate, with a large spot near
the apex, and the lateral ones bluntly triangular ; the linear
falcate petals are also white with small dots of purple, and
having a large purple spot near the apex ; the lip is trifid,
white dotted with purple, with the yellow side lobes erect
and dolabriform, and the middle one cuneate-ligulate. The
disk of the lip runs out behind into a conical incurved spur,
which is white below, green at the tip. — Borneo.
'ElG.—Xenia Orchid, ii. t. 104.
A. Reichenbacliii cocMncMnensis, Hart. — A variety which
has the inflorescence more dense ; the sepals are not blotched,
but neatly striped at the apex, and the yellow of the hp is
much deeper. It has been flowered by Sir Trevor Lawrence,
Bart., M.P., and proves to be a very grand thing. — Cochin
China.
A. Robbelenii, Bchb. /.—According to Prof. Reichenbach,
this is a fine novelty presenting some new features. It has
the habit of A. quinqnevulnerum, and produces erect racemes
a foot in length bearing as many as twenty-five very fragrant
flowers as large as those of the species just named, the sepals
and petals greenish white with white tips, the petals often
toothletted, the lip rosy, with yellow oblong side lobes
lacerated on the upper edge, as is the much longer oblong
curved middle lobe. The flowers have a short conical spur.
— Philippine Islands.
A. Rohanianiim, Bchb. f. — This novelty has not yet
flowered in cultivation, but is said to be a grand thing, near
to A. Beichenbachii, its racemes being longer and denser.
The sepals are described as being white, rose, or mauve rose,
always edged with white ; the segments of the lip are narrow,
109
white, and haviug two purple lines running through the
centre, accompanied by two purple blotches ; the spur, which
is projected in front, is orange-coloured with numerous small
purple spots. — Eastern Asia.
A. roseuni, Loddiges. — A handsome profuse-flowering
species of slow growth, but reaching two to three feet high,
with light green foliage a foot long, truncate and toothed at
the apex, and long branching spikes of white flowers tinted
with rosy magenta, the rhomboid lip deeper in the centre,
and twice as long as the ovary. We have seen the flower
spikes two feet long, with three or four branches on each
spike ; it is a profuse bloomer, and has been exhibited with
from thirty to forty spikes. It makes one of the finest of
exhibition plants, flowering about June and July, and con-
tinuing in blossom for three or four weeks. — India.
FiG.—Faxt Fl. Gard., t. 60 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4049 ; Lem, Jard. Fl, ii.
t. 200 ; Id. lllust. Eort., t. 88 ; Gartevfl., t. 267.
Stn.— ^. affine, Hook, et Hort.
A. roseiim Sliperbum, Moore. — This is a splendid variety
of the preceding, the colour being richer and the flowers much
larger. The plant is more compact in growth, and is of a
free-flowering habit, producing a long branched spike.
^iGr.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, 3 ser. t. 22.
A. rubrum. — A very nice cool-house species, with dark
green foliage ; a very distinct plant, not so showy as many
of the preceding ones, but well worth growing ; indeed, any
one that can appreciate Saccolahhim aiiqndlaceum would like
this, the colour being similar and the spikes longer. This
plant should be grown in the Odontoglossum House. ■ —
Madras Hills.
A. Scliroderi. — See Aekides maculosum Scheoderi.
A. SUavissimum , Lindley. — A distinct and desirable species
of free growth, having light green foliage ten inches long,
spotted with brown, and very long drooping spikes of deli-
ciously fragrant flowers, of which the sepals and petals are
white tipped with rosy pink, the incurved spur tipped with
deep rose, and the lip, which has a very small bifid middle
lobe, has a blotch of pale lemon-yellow in the centre. The
blossoms are developed in July, August, and September, and
last in good condition for three weeks. We have flowered
110 oechid-growee's manual.
several varieties of this species, some of which have proved
much better than others. — Straits of Malacca.
FlG.—PaxL Fl. Gard., t. 66 ; Lem. Jard. Fl., t. 213.
Syn.— ^.
A. SUaTissimum maculatum, Williams. — A very handsome
form of the preceding, and like it deliciously fragrant ; the
sepals and petals are white, profusely spotted with pink, as
also is the lip. It bloomed very freely in the collection of
the late Thomas Dawson, Esq., of Meadow Bank.
A. testaceum. — See Aeeides Wightianum.
A. TMbautianum, Rchb. f. — A handsome free-growing
species, with somewhat the appearance oi A. quinquevulnerum ;
it produces, however, a very different inflorescence, the floral
raceme being very long, with the flowers rather openly set
upon it ; the sepals and petals are of a beautiful rose colour,
and the lip bright amethyst. It is sometimes called A.
Huttoni. — J a va .
Syn. — Aerides Huttoni ; Saccolabium Hiittoni.
A. Vaadarum, Rchb. f. — A rare and distinct slender-gi-owing
plant, in habit resembling Vanda teres, but the leaves, which
are straight and cylindrical, are much more slender than those
of that species ; the flowers, which are produced in pairs from
the side of the stem opposite the leaves, are larger than those
oi A. crispum, pure white, with a slight tinge of pink on the
inner surface of the column. This plant has been cultivated
in our gardens for several years under the erroneous name of
A. cylindricum. — India: Coimhatore.
'FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4982 ; Orchid Album, iii. t. 116.
Syn.— ^. cylindricum, Hook, non Wight.
A. Yeitcllii, Hort. — A beautiful species of the A. affine group.
The leaves are about eight inches long, of a dark green colour,
and covered with small spots resembling those of A. Lobbii.
The flowers are in long drooping branched racemes, and are
set on the rachis like so many little pearly spotted shells,
the colour being white, beautifully dotted with soft rosy pink ;
it blooms during June and July, and lasts about three weeks
in good condition. — India.
A. virens, Lindley. — A handsome and desirable fragrant-
blossomed species, of free growth. The leaves are obHquely
rounded at the apex, of a bright light green colour, eight
AERIDES. Ill
inches long. The flowers are borne on long drooping racemes,
and are of a light peach colour, spotted with purple, the lip
being spotted with crimson ; it blooms in April, May, and
June, the flowers remaining long in perfection. — Java.
YiG.—Bot. Reg., 1844, t. 41 ; Paxt. Mag. BoL, xiv. 197; Orchid Album,
iv., t. 160.
A. Tirens Dayanum, Hort., is a remarkably fine variety with
very long flower racemes, which bloom about the same time
as those oi A. virens itself. — India.
A. Tirens Ellisii, Williams, resembles A. falcatum in habit
and appearance, but does not present the metallic blue tint
on its leaves, being of a somewhat pale green ; the leaves are
about six inches long and one and a half broad. The racemes
are eighteen to twenty inches long, bearing upwards of three
dozen large flowers, the sepals and petals of which are white
sufi"used with rose and tipped with amethyst, the lower sepals
being very round and broad ; the lip is large, its side
lobes white beautifully freckled towards the base with short
lines of amethyst, while the middle lobe is broad, deep rich
amethyst in colour, and the spur is stout, curved upwards,
and tipped with brown ; it blooms early in June and lasts
long in full beauty. — Java.
Syn. — A. Ellisii.
A. virens grandiflorum, Hort. , is a magnificent variety with
flowers larger than those oi A. virens, white spotted with pink,
and more graceful in their manner of growth ; it blooms
during April and May, and continues from three to four weeks
in beauty. — India.
A. Tirens SUperbum, Hort., is another fine variety, the
growth of which is the same as that of A. virens, except that
the spikes and flowers are longer and of a brighter colour ; it
blooms about the same time, and remains long in perfection.
— India.
A. Warneri. — See Aeeides crispum Wakneri.
A. Wiglltianuni, Lindley. — A beautiful little plant, quite
distinct in character and resembling Saccolahium curvifoUum
in habit. The leaves are lorate, unequally bilobed with an
intermediate cusp, and short erect racemes of pale yellow
flowers, the broad oblong rounded front lobe of the lip white,
112 ORCHID -grower's BIANUAL.
with purple crests ou the fleshy disk, and dotted with lilac ;
it blossoms during the summer months. — India, Ceylon.
'FlG.—Bot. Mag,, t. 5138 ; Flore de.s Serres, t. 1452,
Syn. — A, testaceum; Vanda parviflora.
A. "Williamsii, Warner. — A grand and distinct species
extremely rare in collections. The leaves are broad dark
green and drooping, and the racemes of flowers are produced
in great abundance, measuring from two to three feet in
length, and often becoming branched ; the colour of the
flowers is a pinkish white ; it blooms in June and July, and
makes a fine Orchid for purposes of exhibition, on account of
its free-flowering character, while from its delicate colour it
associates well with other kinds. This species first flowered in
the collection of the late C. B. Warner, Esq., of Hoddesdon.
^IG.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, i. t. 21.
AgANISIA, Lindley.
{Tribe Yandese, subfribe Cyrtopodiese.)
A small genus of some half-dozen Tropical American
Orchids which have a close afiinity with Zygopetalum, but the
flowers are usually smaller, and the column is not prolonged .
at the base, but is apodous.
Culture. — This plant is best grown in a pot, with peat and
good drainage. It requires a liberal supply of water at the
roots, and the hottest house. It is a very scarce plant, and
is propagated by dividing the bulbs.
A. pnlcliella, Lindley. — A rare and pretty dwarf Orchid,
having a creeping rhizome, with very small pseudobulbs
at intervals, each furnished with a solitary oblong five-ribbed
leaf eight inches long, and producing from the base of the
bulb erect racemes of flowers an inch and a half across,
which are white, with a blotch of crimson at the base, and a
larger patch of yellow in the centre of the lip ; it blossoms at
diff'erent times of the year, and lasts two or three weeks in
perfection. — Demerara.
Fig.— Bo^ Reg., 1840, t. 32.
ANGRiECUM. 113
ANGBiECUM, Thoiiars.
( Tribe Vandeae, subtribe Sarcanthese.)
A very curious genus of Orchids, of which some score or
more species are known, many of them being very handsome,
and such as ought to be in every collection. In habit they
resemble the Aerides, having like them the stems clothed
with evergreen leathery distichous foliage, which in some
kinds is regularly curved and very graceful, while the flowers
are produced in long racemes from the leaf-axils ; these
flowers are characterised by their spreading sepals and petals,
and by the long — sometimes very long— slender spur to the
lip, which has a spreadicg entire or three-lobed limb. Even
when not in bloom, the plants are objects of interest, and
give a noble appearance to the house in which they are
grown. The flowers are not so much prized as they ought to
be, because they are produced at the wrong season for exhibi-
tion ; but, blooming as most of the large kinds do in winter,
they are invaluable to those who look for the beauty of
ornamental flowering plants at that period. The blossoms
continue from six weeks or more in perfection. If in vigorous
health the plants generally flower every year, and also produce
young plants at the base. The latter, if required, should be
taken off when rooted ; if not, they should be left on, in order
to make a finer specimen.
The species are for the most part found in Tropical and
Southern Africa, and in the Mascaren Islands.
Culture. — The AnrjrcEcums require the same treatment as
the Aerides, and the potting material should be similar.
Like them, too, they are best grown in the East Indian house.
To this rule, however, A. falcatwn is an exception, as it suc-
ceeds best in the Mexican house.
114 orchid-geowee's manual.
A. apiculatuni, Hooker. — A pretty dwarf species, introduced
in 184:4 by Mr. Whitfield. It resembles A. hilobum in its
general aspect, having short stems, with distichous obovate-
lanceolate, obliquely acuminate, striated, deep green leaves,
and pendulous racemes of about a dozen flowers, which
are white, with a slender pointed spur about two inches long.
— Sierra Leone.
¥lG.—Bof. Mag., t. 4159.
A. articulatum, Bchh. f. — A very pretty dwarf species,
related to A. hilohnm, with cuneate-obloug, unequally-bilobed
leaves, about six inches long, and producing stout peduncles,
bearing at the end a raceme of creamy-white flowers, which
are polymorphous, with a filiform spur, which is sometimes as
long as, sometimes three times as long as the ovary. Intro-
duced by the late Rev. W. Ellis. — Madagascar.
A. Mlobum, Lindleij. — An elegant little Orchid, of very
compact growth, having a short rooting stem, furnished with
cuneate-obovate dark green reticulately-veined leaves, which
are deeply bilobed at the apex, and much shorter than the
drooping racemes of ten to twelve flowers, which are of a
blush-tinted white, with a slender bifid spur about two inches
long ; it blooms from October to December, and remains two
or three weeks in good condition. We have grown this plant
on a block, but it does best in a basket, where the roots may
obtain plenty of moisture. — Xew Gidnea : Cape Coast Castle.
'Fig.— Bot. Reg., 1841, t. 35.
A. hilobum Kirkii, Rchh. f. — This Httle gem was sent to
us in 1882, by Sir John Kirk, in honour of whom it is named.
The plant is a dwarfer grower than A. hilobum, having narrower
leaves, ending in two divergent lobes, and bears drooping
racemes of pure white flowers, which are furnished with
slender pale brown spurs, two and a-half to three inches long.
It is a pretty subject for basket culture. — Zanzibar.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iv., t. 162.
A. caudatum, LindUy. — A singular and free-flowering
species of very compact growth, with pale green drooping
lorate, channelled, emarginate leaves, ten inches long, and
long flexuose racemes, a foot or more in length, of greenish
yellow flowers, tinted with brown, the labellum being pure
white, obovate-cuneate with a long point, and furnished with
ANGE^CUM. 115
a tail of pale olive green colour, about nine inches long. We
have sometimes seen twelve or more of these curious flowers
on a spike ; its season of blooming is from June to Septem-
ber, and it continues in perfection a long time. It is still,
and alwaj's has been, a rare plant. — Sierm Leone.
Fig.— Sot. Beg , t. 1.^44 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4370.
A. Chailluatllim, Hook f. — This is a very distinct and rare
plant, interesting, like its congeners, because of the tail-like
spurs with which the flowers are furnished. The leaves are
leathery, ligulate, blunt and very unequally blotched at the
apex, six or eight inches long, one or two broad, dark green.
The flowers are white, with narrow sepals, petals, and lip, and
a yellowish green spur three to four inches long, produced
about a dozen together in pendulous racemes during August
and September. It succeeds best grown on a block of wood
with a little moss. — West Africa.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5589.
A. citratum, Tlwuars. — A beautiful and free-flowering dwarf
species, admirably adapted for basket culture. It has a very
short stem, smooth broad bright green, close-set oblong-
lanceolate leaves, and slender pendulous racemes of small
but pretty flowers of a pale yellowish white, closely and
evenly set in two rows along the rachis. It is a compact-
growing plant, and until within the last few j^ears was
extremely rare. — Madagascar.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5G24.
A. crenatum, EcJib. f. — This is a very rare plant, and quite
distinct. The flowers resemble those of A. Chailluanum in
colour and shape, but are much smaller, as is also the growth
of the plant ; it flowers in June and July. — West Africa.
A. cryptodon, Rchh. f. — A distinct species, comparable in
regard to habit and foliage with A. Chailluanum, and in
its flowers, which are white and borne in lax racemes,
is equal to A. Ellisii. The latter have ligulate acute petals,
a lanceolate lip, and a filiform spur three times as long as the
stalked ovaries, which together with the base of the spur
are reddish-white, the rest of the spur being white. — Mada-
gascar.
A. deSCendenP, Rchb. f. — A fine species which comes near
A. Ellisii, but differs in itsoblong-ligulate leaves being obscurely
116
OECHID-GROWEE S MANUAL.
bilobecl at the apex, its stronger spur wliicli is more than four
times longer than the pedicels, its cuneate ovate acuminate
lip, and its shorter hairy column. The flowers, which are
white, are produced on a drooping many-flowered raceme, —
Madagascar.
A. eburneiini, Thouars. — A strong-growing free-flowering
Orchid of noble aspect, with densely packed, broadly ligulate
obliquely bilobed distichous leaves, which are eighteen inches
long, leathery in texture, and of a light green colour.
The flowers, which have green sepals and petals and spur,
and a broad cordate cuspidate lip of ivory whiteness, are pro-
duced on upright racemes eighteen inches long ; it blooms
during the winter months, and if kept free from damp will last
five or six weeks in perfection, on which account it becomes
very valuable.
'FlG.—Bot. Reg., t. 1522; Bot. Mag., t. 4761; Paxt. Mag. Bof., svi. 90
(woodcut) ; Gard. Ch-on., 1873, 217, fig. 46 ; Baietn. 2nd Cent. Orch. PI,
t. Ill; Orchid Album, i., t. 41.
Stn. — A. superhim, Thouars — f. Rchb,
A. eblimeuin SUperbum, Hon. — A fine variety of ^. ehur-
neiim, brought home by the late Kev. W. Ellis, of Hoddes-
don. It is stronger in growth than the type, and the flowers,
which are ivory white, and very large, open about the same
time as those of A. chiirneum, and continue a long time in
beauty. — Madagascar.
A. eburneum yirens, Tlooh. — A free-flowering variety, the
flower spikes of which are not so stifi", and are therefore
more graceful, than those of A. ehurneum. The plant has
dark green foliage, about ten inches long, and the blossoms
have green sepals, petals, and spur, with the cordiform cus-
pidate lip white, greenish down the centre ; they are smaller
than those of A. ehurneum itself, and are in perfection during
December and January. — Madagascar.
'FiG.— B'd. Mag., t. 5170; Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. 25, fig. 9, 10.
Stn. — A. virens; A. eburneum, Thouars — f. Echb. A. Brongniariianum
[Pescatorea, t. 16) is, perhaps, the same plant.
A. EicMerianiim, Kramlin. — A well-marked plant related
to A. infiindihuliforme. It has tall leafy stems, furnished
with elliptic obliquely obtuse leaves, and bears large solitary
flowers, the sepals and petals of which are lance-shaped, light
green, and the large helmet-shaped obcordate lip is white,
ANGE^CUM. 117
with a triangular apiculus in the notch, and an erect conical
spur, as long as the sepals. — Loanjo, W. Africa.
YlG.—Garten-Ztitung, 1882, 434, fig. 102.
A. Ellisii, Williams. — This beautiful species was intro-
duced to this country by the late Rev. W. Ellis, whose name
it bears, and is undoubtedly one of the finest species we have
in cultivation. The leaves are distinctly arranged in a dis-
tichous manner, and about ten inches in length, broadly
ligulate, dark green on the upper side, paler below, and
deeply and unequally bilobed at the apex. The flowers grow
in arching racemes two feet long, bearing from eighteen to
twenty-four flowers, pure Avhite and very fragrant, the sepals
and petals reflexed, and the spur of the lip of a light cinna-
mon colour and six inches long. The profile of the flower
is an exact resemblance of a cockatoo. It requires the tem-
perature of the East Indian house. — Madagascar.
Fig.— Floral Mag., N.S., t. 191 ; Gard. Chron., N.S., iii. 277, fig. 54.
A, falcatum, Limlley. — This is a very elegant compact-
growing species, with narrow dark green leaves ; the flowers
are freely produced, very fragrant, pure white, and furnished
with a very long spur. This species requires exceptional
treatment as to heat, since it succeeds in a much lower tem-
perature than the other Angracums. — Japan.
YiG.—Bof. Mag., t. 2097.
Syn. — U'lceodades falcata.
A. fastuosum, Fichh. f. — A fine new species very distinct
in character, with cuneate-oblong leaves, three inches broad,
blunt and unequally lobed at the end, very rugose on the surface,
and with a cartilaginous margin ; the flowers are numerous,
in racemes, equalling those of A. cauclatum, of a fine ivory
white, with ligulate-oblong sepals and petals, an obovate lip,
and a filiform spur two to three inches long. The flowers
have the fragrance of tuberoses. —Madagascar.
A. fuscatuin, Bchh. f. — A handsome and distinct plant,
having cuneate-oblong leaves, blunt and unequally bilobed at
the tip, and many-flowered lax racemes of blossoms, of which
the peduncles, ovaries, and bracts are cinnamon-coloured ;
the flowers, which are nearly equal to those of A. caudatum,
have ochre-coloured sepals, white petals and lip, and a brown
118 OECHID- grower's MANUAL.
filiform flexuose spur more than twice as long as the ovaries.
— JSladagascar.
A. G-rantii. — See Angr.ecum Kotschyi.
A. Hildebrandtii, Rchh. f. — An elegant but very small-
growing plant, with ligulate unequally bilobed leaves and
spreading lax racemes of yellow-orange flowers, having an
oblong-acute lip and a filiform clavate spur shorter than the
ovary. — Comoro Isles.
A. Kotsctiyi, Rchb. f. — One of the most distinct of the
newer Anrfnceums, and one of small dimensions, flowering
while young. It has broad polymorphous spathulate, un-
equally bilobed leathery leaves, of a dark shining green ;
and the flowers, which are produced in many-flowered pen-
dulous racemes, are creamy white, each with a pandurate lip,
and a remarkable spirally-twisted reddish spur several inches
in length. It flowers in October. — Trojncal Africa.
¥ia.—Gard. Chron., N.S., xiv. 456; Id., 693-4, fig. 131.
Syn. — A. Grantii.
A. modestuni, Hook f. — A pretty small-growing species
in the way of A. ajyiculatum and A. hilobum, with elliptic-
oblong subacute leaves, and pendulous racemes bearing pretty
flowers, which are pure white, remarkable for their slightly
hairy column, and having the rachis and pedicels pale brown,
instead of green. — Madagascar.
FlG.—Boi. Mag., t. GG93.
A. pellucidum, Lmdley. — A bold-habited plant, making
distichous tufts of bright green shining oblong leaves a foot
to a foot and a half in length, and producing long spikes of
small white flowers which " are as delicate and transparent
as if they were flakes of snow fixed by frost in the very act of
melting," each part of the lip being studded and bordered
with little crystalline elevations, and the whole fabric of the
blossoms as fragile as a thin plate of glass ; it blooms in
winter, which makes it an acquisition at that dull season. It
requires to be kept in the warm house, and makes a good
basket or block plant, being in growth very much like a
Phalcenopsis. — Sierra Leone.
YlG.—Bot. Reg., 1844, t. 2.
SyN. — Listrostachys 2}iUucida.
A. pertusum, Lindley. — This is a very distinct and pretty
119
species, seldom to be found, however, in collections. It
somewhat resembles an Ai-ridcs in its growth. The distichous
leaves are lorate, with an obliquely bilobed apex, rather narrow,
channelled above, fleshy and dark green. The spike is
pendulous, longer than the leaves, secund, densely packed
with white flowers, which have a short pale yellowish spur
about as long as the lip ; it blooms during the late autumn
and winter months. — Sierra Leone.
YlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4782.
Syn. — Listrostachys j^ertusa,
A. ScotliaEllin, -Rf/'^>. ./'. — A very distinct and pretty species,
which has been introduced to this country by Sir John Kirk,
and has been flowered by the late Mr. Scott, of Waltham-
stow, after whom it is named. It has a terete elongated
rooting stem, and is the only Aju/ru-cuvi as far as we know
with terete leaves, which are subdistichous, semi-cylindi-ical,
and subacute. The flowers are produced from the axils of the
leaves on one or two flowered peduncles, sometimes as long
as the leaves, and are large pure white, in shape similar to
those of A. eburneiuii, but rounded and abruptly mucronate at
the apex of the lip, the slender tapering spur six inches long
and of a pale brownish yellow colour ; it flowers in June and
July. — Comoro Islea.
¥iG.— But. Mag., t. 6720 ; Gurd. Chvon.. N.S., xiv. 137, fig. .00 : Flor. Man.,
N.s, t,421.
A. sesquipedale, Thouarti. — A
wonderful and noble plant of great
beauty, and certainly the finest
species of the genus yet discovered. ^
It was brought to England by the
late Rev. W. Ellis, of Hoddesdon,
from Madagascar, where he found
it growing on trees. The stem is
simple and rooting ; the leaves
close-set, distichous, leathery, ob-
long, blunt and bilobed at the
apex, keeled, and of a dark green
colour. The flowers are of a clear
ivory white, and very large, a foot
across, with a greenish tail or spur
from twelve to eighteen inches in
length hanging from the flower.
ANUlt.-ECtTM SESQUIPEDALE.
The peduncles are axillary
120 ORCHID- 3R0 wee's MANUAL.
and bear from one to four of these fragi-ant gigantic flowers,
wliich are produced in November, December, and January,
and last about three weeks in beauty. There are two varieties
of this species, one having larger flowers than the other and
blooming later in the season.
YiG.— Bot. Mag., t. 5113; Gard. Chron., 1857,253 (woodcut): Id. 1873,
255 (woodcut) ; 'lllust. HoH., xiii , t. 475; Flore des Serves, tt. 1413—14;
Warner, Sel. Orck. PL, i., t. 31 ; Jennings, Orchids, t. 3.
Stn. — Aeranthus sesquipedalis.
A. SUperblim. — See Angr.ecum eburneuji.
A. virens. — See Angr^cum eburneum yirens.
AnCECTOCHILUS, Blume.
{Tribe Neottiese, subtribe Spiranthese.)
These charming little tropical Orchids are peculiar in habit,
having neither erect stems, nor pseudobulbs, nor acaulescent
crowns, but having instead small fleshy stems or rhizomes,
which creep on the mossy surface of the soil, producing at
intervals ovate or ovate-lanceolate leaves, and rooting from
the joints where the leaves are produced. Their beauty con-
sists in the metallic reticulations which cover their leaf-
surface, and not in their flowers, which are small and grow
in erect spikes from a few inches to a foot in height ; they
have their dorsal sepal connivent with the petals into a kind
of helmet, and the lip extended behind into a spur and
having a fimbriated claw and a two-lobed limb. The name is
sometimes written AncEctochilus, but Blume writes it as we
have adopted above ; he has in some of his works called the
genus Anecochilus, and in others Anectochilus. The species,
which Bentham and Hooker set down as about eight in
number, are found in India and the Malayan Ai'chipelago.
In the following pages we have noted the various forms of
Ancectochili we have met with in cultivation.
Culture. — The genus Ancectochilus is one of the most
remarkable of the class of variegated Orchids, and to its culti-
ANCECTOCHILUS.
121
vation, which is not generally well understood, we will now
address ourselves. All the varieties are remarkable for their
dwarf compact habit, perfect form, and great beauty : they
vary in height from two to six inches, and their leaves, which
are well defined, vary from two to five inches in length,
including the stalks, which, like the stems, are short and
fleshy. The foliage of all the species is singularly rich and
beautiful. In some it resembles the richest olive or purple
velvet, regularly traversed with a network of golden lines. In
others the leaf is of the most lively green, covered with silver
tracery.
As regards cultivation, the plants require saul and peat
mixed with moss. The white sandy ground from which they
spring should be enlivened occasionally by small growths of
moss, which sets off the plant to much advantage, especially
when looked at through a bell-glass, under which the delicacy,
richness, and softness of their appearance are increased. Few
visitors walk through a house containing any of these plants
without bestowing on them more than ordinary attention, and
expressing admiration of their beauty.
The whole of the species require treatment very different
from that given to any other Orchids, and difi'erent growers
operate in different ways, but we have not found any mode of
management to succeed better than the one first laid down by
us many years ago, and which is being followed by many who
have Anaetochili growing in great perfection. They are
certainly difficult to cultivate, and many fail with them — a
circumstance we attribute to their being kept too close. The
glass case in which they are grown should always have a little
air, by tilting or opening the glass about one or two inches ; this
will benefit them very much, and make them more vigorous,
for when too much confined in the case or bell-glass, they
grow up spindly and damp off" in the stem ; the latter, being
122 oKCHiD- grower's manual.
fleshy, requires more substance and hardihood. We have
seen Anmctochili grown in bottom heat, which we find to be
injurious ; they succeed in it for a time, but not long ; they
grow too fast, and become so weak as often to die altogether.
Some few plants which we once had in bottom heat we
removed to a cooler house without it, and under cooler treat-
ment they improved very rapidly.
The finest collection we ever saw was under the care of the
late Mr. Toll, when gardener to the late J. A. Turner, Esq., of
Manchester. The plants were grown under bell-glasses in the
stove, but no bottom heat was applied. Mr. Turner purchased
a plant of each kind from us some years ago ; these had been
grown and propagated, and he had large pots full of them,
many plants of a kind being placed together. This shows
how well they may be grown without bottom heat. We have
also seen them doing well in other places without bottom
heat ; in short, they may be grown without having an Orchid
house at all, any common stove will do, or even a well-heated
pit. We have frequently sold collections to gentlemen who
have no other Orchids, but who have bought these for the
express purpose of growing them for the decoration of the
dinner-table, on which they have a beautiful appearance by
artificial light. As the taste for table decoration is increasing,
plants such as these will doubtless be more sought after for
that purpose ; and the subjecting of them to exposure for a
few hours in a warm room will do them little harm, provided
they have glasses over them with a ventilator at the top to let
out moisture, so as to keep the leaves dry. As they are
generally grown in small pots, they can be plunged in hand-
some vases with ornamental glass tops, and when done with,
taken back into the heat. For room work let the foliage be
dry, and there should not be much moisture at the roots.
We should not, however, advise them to be used in the way
ANCECTOCHILUS. 123
j ust described on a frosty night ; but during mild weather it
will not do them any more harm than taking them to a
flower-show. It was for years our custom, when living
■with the late C. B. Warner, Esq., at Hoddesdon, to show
Ancectocliili at the Regent's Park and Chiswick exhibitions
under bell-glasses, and we never found them injured by any
such changes. We, however, always took care to prepare
them before starting, by not giving them too much water,
and by putting them in a cooler house, which should be done
with all plants of a tender kind before they are taken to a
show ; they will seldom sustain injury if treated in a proper
way before leaving a warm house. The plants in question
were shown for several years, and were grown without bottom
heat and under bell-glasses in the shade. We mention this
to show how many years Ancectocliili may be grown on, when
subjected to the treatment best suited for them.
When they get out of health we have found that the best
way is to turn them out of their pots and examine the roots ;
if in a bad state below, wash the stem and roots, and repot in
fresh soil. Thus treated we have known them to improve and
do well for some time, provided they have not been allowed
to get too much out of order before being seen to ; if so, there
may be little hope that the care bestowed on them will
be of any use. These plants, unlike some Orchids, have no
thick woody pseudobulbs to support them ; their small fleshy
stems require constant attention to keep them in a thriving
state, but with care they may be grown to perfection. The
flowers are small and unattractive, and their development
often injures the plants by weakening them, on which account
-we always pinch them off when they appear, and find that
this induces the stems to make lateral shoots freely.
These plants require to be grown in a warm house or pit,
\yhere the temperature ranges, in winter, by night from 05^^
124 ORCHID -GEO WER's MANUAL.
to 60° (a few degrees higher would not do them any harm),
while the warmth may rise to 65° by day, and by sun heat to
70° ; during March, April, and May the night temperature may
range from 60° to 70°, and afterwards a few degrees higher
will not be injurious. From March to October is the best time
for growth, during which they will require a good supply of
moisture at their roots ; in fact, they should never be allowed
to get dry, for then they will most likely perish ; but from
October to March they should only have sufficient water to
keep the soil damp. They succeed best under bell-glasses,
or in a glass case, with a little air always on to keep the
atmosphere fresh and sweet. Some will do without glasses,
if in a warm shady close house. We grow them in sphagnum,
chopped into small pieces, with a little good fibrous peat,
and silver sand, all well mixed together. Clean river sand
will, however, answer the same purpose, if they are provided
with good drainage.
These plants do not require large pots, as they do not
make much root, but they succeed well in small pots ; and
if bell-glasses are used, the small pot may be plunged into
a larger one, so that the bell-glass may fit the outer one. If
grown in cases, put them in small pots, and arrange them in
the case by placing good drainage at the bottom and sphag-
num on the top of the drainage, with some sand on the top of
the moss to set the pots on ; then arrange the kinds in the case
so that the contrast of the different colours may have a good
effect. The pots should be perfectly cleap, with thorough
drainage at the bottom, and should be covered with a little
moss, and filled up with the material recommended. In
placing the roots in the pots, raise the stem a little above the
rim. Established plants may be repotted once a year, and
the end of February or the beginning of March will be found
the best time for doing this. The glass or case in which
ANCECTOCHILUS.
125
they grow should be kept perfectly clean, in order that they
may have plenty of light, but no sun, the sun's rays being
injurious to them.
They are propagated by cutting the plants into pieces just
below the first joint, and so as to have a root attached to each
piece. For this purpose strong plants should be selected,
and, in cutting, care must be taken that the bottom piece has
two eyes, one to root from, and the other to push into a shoot ;
place them in small pots in the material already named.
The "bottom," or plant which has been cut, should be put
under a bell-glass, or placed in the case, where it will soon
throw up a young shoot, which is best left on till well rooted,
and may then be cut off the old plant, and treated like the
portion first removed, leaving behind the old part, which
will throw up again, and form another plant from the bottom
eye.
The Anoectochili are attacked by different kinds of insects.
Red spider is very destructive to them, and, if allowed to
increase, soon spoils the foliage, but if constantly looked
after it may be kept in check. Upon the first symptoms of
the appearance of this marauder, take the plants out of the
case, and examine the under sides of the leaves, and rub
them over with a sponge. It is not advisable, however, to
do this except there is really a necessity for it. The thrips is
another enemy which must be kept under in the same way,
or by fumigation, taking the glasses off" for a short time.
Cockroaches, too, should not be allowed to get near them, or
they will work great mischief by eating the young stems ; they
must be sought after by candle-light, or killed by placing
some of Chase's beetle poison in different parts of the house.
The latter is sold in boxes, and should be laid down about
twice a week till the cockroaches are destroyed. In smoking
be careful not to give too strong a dose. The best way is to
12G orchid-growee's manual,
fumigate tliree times, with an interval of one night between
each operation, till both thrips and spider are destroyed.
The same mode of treatment is suitable for the following
genera, most of which are close allies of the present: —
Dossinia, Goodyera, Hcemaria, Macodes, Microstijlis, ATono-
cJdlus, and Physurus — which see.
A. argyrOEeurum, Hort. Any. — This extremely pretty little
plant has the ground colour of the leaves light green, mottled
with a darker hue, and the veins form a beautiful silvery
network. — Java.
Syn. — A. Lohbii, Hort., non A. Lobbianus, Planchon.
A. Boylei, Hort. Williams. — A very beautiful and distinct
species aUied to A. reyale. The leaves are ovate-acuminate,
two inches long by two inches broad, olive green, netted and
pencilled over the entire surface with gold. — India.
A. Bullenii, Hort. Low. — This charming species grows six
inches high, and has ovate-lanceolate leaves two and a half
inches in length, the ground colour a dark bronzy green,
marked through the entire length with three broad distinct
lines of coppery red, varying at times to golden stripes. —
West Borneo.
A. Concmiium, Hort. Bull. — A distinct species having its
leaves ovate acuminate, rounded at the base, of a dark olive
green colour, netted and striped with shining coppery red.—
Assam.
A. Dayi. — See Dossinia marmorata Dayi.
A Dominii, Hort. Yeitcli. — A hybrid between Goodyera
discolor and Anactochilm xantJiopliyUnm {A. Friderici-
Auyusti) possessing a fine vigorous constitution ; the leaves
are of a dark olive green, with a pale yellow coppery streak
down the centre, the main ribs being marked by pale lines.
— Garden hybrid.
A. Eldorado, Hort. — A distinct species, and one which is
very difficult to cultivate, requiring a good deal of care to
keep it in a healthy condition. It appears to be of deciduous
habit, and is often lost by being thrown away when supposed
to be dead, whereas, if left, it would push up again. The
foliage is dark green, with a small tracery of a lighter colour.
ANCECTOCHILUS.
127
This plant should not be allowed to get too dry at the roots
■when at rest ; if so, it will die. — Central America.
A. Friderici-ATlgllSti, Bchh. f. — A splendid and also a
free-gi-owiug species, very distinct from any other in cultiva-
tion. It attains a height of five inches, and has leaves two
and a half inches long and an inch and a half broad, the
ground colour being a dark velvety green, with broad orange
and green stripes down the centre, and covered with a
beautiful golden network. — Ceylon.
Syn. — A. xanthophyUum.
A. Heriotii, Hort. Williams. — This is a very strong-growing
species, with leaves three and a half inches long and two and
a half broad, of a dark mahogany colour, having reticulations
of a golden hue and well defined, and with a shadow of net-
work showing through the surface. — India.
A. Meroglyphicum, Hort. Bull. — This neat-growing and
pretty species has small ovate-elliptic leaves of a dark green
colour marked with silvery grey blotches, hieroglyphic-like in
character. — Assam.
A. intermediuin, Hort. Ang. — A fine distinct species, and
one of freer growth than some others. It grows three inches
high, and has leaves two and a half inches long, one and a
half inch broad, with a soft silky surface, the colour being
dark olive, striped and veined with gold. This will do well
without a glass, if in a warm house, and shaded from the
sun. — Ceylon.
A. javanicum, Hort. Aug. — A species of less interest than
many others, but still worth cultivating on account of its
distinctness of colour. It grows four inches in height, and
has leaves about two inches long and one and a half inch
broad, of a dark velvety olive green ground colour, with
blotches of a lighter green and faint golden reticulation, the
under surface pinkish. The flower scape is a span high,
bearing a spike of small pink flowers. — Java.
YlG.—BIume, Orch. Arch. Ind, t. 31, fig. 3; Belg. Hort., 1861, t. 18.
Stn. — Argyrorchis javanica.
A. latimaculatum, Hort. Ang. — A distinct and free-grow-
ing kind, having dark green leaves with silvery markings ; it
will succeed well without the protection of a bell-glass in a
warm moist atmosphere. — Borneo.
128 okchtd-gkower's manual.
A. Lobbianum, Phmchon. — See Ancectochilus Roxbueghii.
A, Lobbii, Hort. — See Ancectochilus argyroneurum.
A. Lowii. — See DossiNiA biarmorata..
A. NeTillianum, Hort. Low. — A distinct and pretty species,
which grows about three inches high, and has oblong-ovate
leaves an inch and a half long, of a rich dark velvety copper
or bronzy hue, marked with two rows of oblong pallid
blotches. It is a free grower. — Borneo.
A. Petola. — See Macodes Petola.
A. querceticola. — See Physurus querceticola.
A. regale, Blume. — One of the handsomest species of the
genus, and the one which has been longest in cultivation,
having been for many years grown under the name of A.
setaceum, which does not belong to it, the true A. setaceum
of Blume having leaves of a velvety green, without the golden
veins conspicuous in this plant, which in Ceylon is called
Wana Rajah, equivalent to King of the Woods. It grows
four inches high, and has roundish ovate leaves two inches
long, and an inch and a half broad. The surface is of a
beautiful velvety bronzy green, veined in regular lines, and
covered with a network of gold. There are several varieties
of this charming plant, all of which are free growers. — Ceylon
and Java.
YiG.—Boi. Mag., t. 4123 ; Bot. Reg., t. 2010 ; Flore des Sevres, t. 15 ;
Blume, Orch, Arch. Ind., tt. 12, 17 ; Belg. Hort., 1861, t. 18.
Syn, — A, setaceum, Lindley et Hort., non Blume.
A. regale COrdatum, Hort. — A rare and remarkably hand-
some variety, growing three inches high, and having leaves
two inches long and an inch and a half broad ; it resembles
the former, but is rounder in the leaf, and the gold markings
are broader. — Java.
Syn. — A. setaceum cordatum.
A. regale grandifolium, Hon. — A. beautiful and very rare
kind, growing two and a half inches high, and having leaves
two inches long and an inch and a half broad. The foliage is
light green, beautifully laced and banded with a network of
gold. — Java.
Syn. — A, setaceum grandifolium.
ANCECTOCHILUS. ' 129
A. regale inornatum, Moore. — A very distinct form of this
liandsome plant, the leaves of which are of the usual form,
and of the same bronzy green colour, but are marked only by
the longitudinal veins and are destitute of the golden reticula-
tion. This dark rich velvety hue, with but few and slight
markings, gives it a very distinct appearance. — Java.
FiCr.—Bot. Mag., t. 5208.
Syn. — A. setaceum inornaknn.
A. Reinwardtii, Blume. — A very handsome species in the
way of .:i. regale. The leaves are of a rich deep velvety bronze,
"beautifully and distinctly intersected with bright golden lines.
— Ja va.
Fig.— Blume, Orch. Arch, hid., t. 12, fig. 2 ; Belg. Hort., 1861, t. 18.
A. RoxburgMi, Lindleri. — A very beautiful and distinct
free-growing species, attaining a height of three inches, and
having ovate leaves two and a half inches long and an inch
and a half broad, the colour towards the margin being a dark
olive or bronzy green, with coppery reticulations, and abroad
band down the centre of pale bright green, reticulated
with golden veins. The flowers are white and rather showy
for the size of the plant, growing in erect spikes six to ten
inches high. The name appears to have been applied to
several different plants ; and those known as A. intermedium
and A. seta ceo-pict urn are sometimes included as varieties. —
Java, Sitigajiore, and India.
'FlG.—WaUich, Tent. Fl. Kep., t. 27 ; Flore des Serves, t. 519 ; Blume,
Orch. Arch. Ind., t. 126, fig. 2 ; Belg. Hort., 1861, t. 18.
Syn. — A. Lobbianum, Planchon ; Chrysobaphus Roxburghii.
A. Ruckeri, Hort. Loiv. — This is a remarkably handsome
species. The leaves are broadly ovate, with a bronzy green
ground colour, marked with six rows of distinct silvery grey
spots running down the entire length of the leaves. It looks
distinct from most others. — Borneo.
A, striatum. — See Monochilus eegium.
A. Turneri, Hort. Williams. — This is one of the most
beautiful of the genus, and possesses the advantage of being a
strong and vigorous grower. The leaves are large, of a rich
bronzy ground colour, freely marked with golden and coppery-
red reticulations. — Java.
F 3
130 oechid-geower's manual.
A. YeitcMi.— See Macodes Petola.
A. xanthopliylllim. — See Ancectochilus Fkiderici-Augusti.
A._ zel)rilllini, Hort. Bull— An elegant dwarf-growing
species, with ovate lanceolate leaves, of a deep olive green,
striped with about three light copper-coloured lines. — India.
AngULOA, Fiuiz et Pavon.
{Tribe Vandese, subtrihe Cyrtopodiese.)
These are stately plants with large pseudobulbs about
eight inches high, and broad plicate leaves a foot or more
long ; their flower-scapes are about twelve inches high, and
issue from the base of the bulbs just as they begin to grow.
The flowers are large and beautiful, with thick fleshy con-
nivent sepals, which often give them a subglobular outline,
but though remarkably showy, they have no pretence to the
graceful beauty which is the charm of most Orchids ; theirs,
on the contrary, is a solid, massive beauty, which is very
effective in contrast with other types. The plants make
good subjects for exhibition, especially A. Cloicesii and J,
Bucheri, which are all the more valuable from the colour of
their flowers, being somewhat different from that of most
Orchids. The flowers have some fancied resemblance to a
bull's head, whence in its native home it is called El Torito.
There are several recognised species, natives of the Andes of
Colombia and Peru.
Culture. — These plants are all best grown in pots, with
rough fibrous peat, good drainage, and plenty of moisture at
the roots in the growing season. The cool-house is the most
suitable place for them, as they succeed best in a cool tem-
perature. They ought to liave a good season of rest, and
during this time they should be kept rather dry, till they
ANGULOA.
131
begin- to show signs of growth. They are propagated by
cliviiliug the pseudobulbs just before they begin to grow.
ANGULOA CLOWESIT.
A. Cl0"Wesii, LindUy. — A charming distinct and free-
growing species resembling in the shape of its flower a large
Tulip. The sepals and petals are bright yellow, the lip pure
white or yellow tipped with orange ; it blooms in May, June,
and July, and lasts long in perfection if kept in a cool-house.
The lip of this plant is very remarkable, being beautifully
balanced on a kind of hinge, so that the flower when shaken
produces a rattling sound caused by the lip striking the sepals ;
the lip is three-lobed, the middle lobe pilose, infundibuli-
form-labiate, and tridentate. The flowers are fragrant. —
Coloynhia.
'Fig.— Bot. Reg., 1844, t. 63; Bot. Mag.,t. 4313 (orange-lipped var.) ;
Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, i. t. 33 ; Pescatorea, t. 17 ; 3{oore, 111. Orch. PL,
Anguloa, t. 2.
A. Clowesii macrantlia, Hort. — A fine variety with larger
flowers, growing about the same height as the preceding.
The flowers, which are bright yellow spotted with red, are
produced in July, and, if kept dry, continue three or four
weeks in perfection. A scarce plant. — Colombia.
A. duMa, Bchh. f. — A very distinct novelty, with flowers
resembling those of A. xinijiora in shape, but being of the
colour of those of ^. Cloivesii — yellow, the sepals and petals
182 okchid-geower's manual.
covered inside with small purple spots ; the lip is white, with
purple blotches inside at the base. The flowers are produced
in May and June. Professor Reichenbach says this plant
may be a hybrid between A, unijJom and A. Clowesii ; it
resembles the latter in growth, and was introduced by us
along with it. — Colombia.
A. eburnea, WUUams. — A magnificent species, which will
make a valuable addition to our cool-house Orchids. It has
large dark-coloured bulbs, with bright green leaves, a foot
and a half high, producing flowers as large as those of A,
Clowesii, but of the purest white, except the lip, which is
spotted with pink. This is a very rare plant. — Xeiv Grenada.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 133.
A. media, Rchb. f. — An interesting addition to the genus,
being a hybrid supposed to have been obtained by the crossing
of A. Clowesii and A. Faickeri. The sepals and petals are
orange yellow outside, brownish purple within, the lateral
sepals having a central line of orange, and much orange at
the base. The lip has the side lobes reddish brown, with the
disk ochre-coloured, and the anterior lobe short as in A.
Cloivesii. Raised by J. C. Bowi'ing, Esq., Windsor Forest. —
Garden hijhrid
A. Ruckeri, Lindley. — A handsome Orchid of bold habit,
with large plicate leaves and rich dark flowers, of which the
sepals and petals have crimson spots on a yellow ground, and
the lip is deep crimson. It flowers in June and July, and
lasts two or three weeks in good condition. — Colombia.
EiG.—Bnf. Reg., 18-16, t. 41 ; Moore, III. Orch. PI, Anguloa, t. 3 5
Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, ii. t. 10.
A. Ruckeri retusa, Bchb. f. — A remarkable variety, with
the flowers lemon-yellow outside, covered with dark purple
blotches within ; the lip has its side lobes abrupt and
rectangular, and its middle lobe small, reflexed, and hairy.
— Colombia.
A. Ruckeri sanguinea, Lindley. — This very fine variety is
precisely like the type in regard to its habit, but the flowers
are of a deep rich blood colour ; it is very rare in cultivation.
— Colombia.
'FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 538-1 ; Baieman, 2nd Cent. Orch. PI, t. 144 ; Orchid
Albxim, i. t. 19 ; ? Gartenjlora, t. 106 ; Belg. Hort., iii. t. 31 ; 111. Hort.,
8 ser., t. 427.
Syn. — A. purpurea ; A. Hohenlohii ; ? A. Ruckeri Wagneri.
ANSELLIA, 133
A. superba. — See Peeistekia Humboldtii.
A. Turneri, Williams. — This is a most beautiful and distinct
species. The flowers are of a pretty pink, and are densely
spotted on the interior both of the sepals and petals with
bright rose colour. It flowers in May and June. — Colombia.
A. uniflora, PiUiz et Pavon. — A well-marked and pleasing
species, which blossoms very freely. The flowers are smaller-
than those of A. ehurnea, and are white, produced in June
and July, lasting two or three weeks in a perfect condition.
In this species the lip is smooth. — Peru, Colombia.
leiG.—Bot. Reg., 1844, t. 60 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4807 ; Fl. Peruv. Prod., 118, t.
26 ; Bateman, 2nd Cent. Orch. PL, t. 159 ; Moore, III. Orch, PI, Anguloa,
t. 1 ; Gartenflora, t. 1137.
A. Tirginalis, Linden. — A rare and pretty species, which
grows about a foot high, and has dark green bulbs ; the
blossoms, which are white, are spotted all over with dark
brown ; they are produced in June and July, and last three
weeks in bloom. — Colombia.
ANSELLIA, Lindleij.
{Tribe Yandeas, subtribe Cymbidiese, )
Noble free-flowering epiphytal Orchids, growing about three
feet high, and blooming in winter, when they produce large
panicles of flowers which, if kept in a cool-house, last long
in perfection. The flowers are characterised by subequal
spreading sepals and petals, by the short column being wing-
less and produced at the base into a short broad two-lobed
foot, and by the distichous-leaved stems terminating in a
panicle of flowers. Some three or four species or well-marked
varieties are known in Tropical Africa, extending to Natal.
Culture. — The best compost in which to grow these plants
is rough fibrous peat, with a good addition of leaf-mould and
sand, and good drainage. They require good-sized pots, as
they root very freely, and are of easy culture, provided they
get the heat of the East Indian house while growing, and a
134 oechid-grower's manual,
good supply of water at the roots. Care is, however,
necessary in watering, for the young growths are apt to rot
if water lies in the heart. All of them are propagated by
dividing their stems after they have finished their growth,
or just after they have done blooming.
A. africana, LindUy. — A free-flowering and noble ever-
green Orchid, producing upright stems from three to four feet
high, with light gi-een five-ribbed foliage. The flowers are
produced in January on drooping branching spikes from the
apex of the stems, and have the yellow sepals and petals
spotted all over with dark brown ; lip yellow. We have seen
upwards of a hundred flowers on one spike, and they keep in
beauty for two months. This species was first found in
Fernando Po, on the stem of a palm-tree, by the late Mr. John
Ansell, to whom the genus is dedicated. — Sierra Leone.
'ElG.—Bot. Reg., 1846, t. 30 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4965 ; Gartertflora, t. 95 ; Paxton,
Mag. Bot., xiii. 241, with tab.
A. africana gigantea, Rchh. f. — A very fine variety, pro-
ducing upright spikes from the top of the bulbs ; it flowers
about the same time, and is of the same colour as the type
only larger, lasting a long time in perfection ; very rare. —
Natal
A. africana lutea, Hchb. f. — A very distinct variety, re-
sembling the others in appearance, but not so strong in
growth, and producing clusters of smaller light yellow flowers
from the top of the bulbs. — Natal.
'Fm.—Bot. Mag., t. 4965, fig. 3.
Stn. — A. natalensis ; A. gigantea (Hooker).
AeACHNANTHE, Bhme.
( Tribe Vandese, suhtribe Sarcan these.)
Epiphytal plants, with leafy stems, loose racemes of
showy flowers, of which the sepals and petals are spreading,
and an articulated lip, bearing a minute conical spur. The
few species are found in the Malayan Archipelago.
Bentham and Hooker include Yanda Cathcartii in this
genus.
ARPOPHYLLUM.
135
Culture. — This small genus of very curious and bighly
interesting plants requires the same treatment as A'erides and
Angrcecuvi.
A. moscMfera, Blume. — A very peculiar and rare plant,
somewhat like a Benanthera in habit. The flowers are large,
creamy white, or lemon colour, with purple spots, and very
much resemble a spider, from whence comes the generic name ;
they are very delicately scented with musk, and continue in
perfection a long time. The old spike should not be cut, as
it continues to produce flowers from its point for a long time.
— Java.
YlG.— Blume, Eumphia, iv. tt. 196, 199 ; Blume, Bijdr., 365, t. 26.
Stn. — Renanthera Arachnites; R. Flos aeris ; Arachnis moschifera; Epi-
dendrum Flos aeris.
ArpophyllUM, Llave et Lexarza.
{Tribe Vandese, suhtribe Pleurothallidese,)
This genus of terrestrial Orchids has erect stout one -leaved
stems, the leaf-sheath embracing the stem. The scapes or
peduncles are terminal, and bear an erect spike of numerous
small prettily-coloured flowers, the parts of which are con-
cave and shell-like, with a broad column and eight pollen
masses. There are some half-dozen species found in Mexico
and Central America, and of these only three, with which
we are acquainted, are worth growing. All three are of
stately and handsome habit, with bold evergreen foliage, and
beautiful upright spikes of flowers, charmingly arranged,
looking not unlike rows of small highly-coloured shells
clustering round the spike, which is a foot or more in length.
A. giganteum makes a fine exhibition plant, and the colour is
distinct from that of most Orchids.
Culture. — The species all require the heat of the Mexican
house. They are best grown in pots, in peat with good
drainage, as they require a liberal supply of water at the roots
when growing, and to be placed as near the light as possible,
136 ORCHID- grower's manual.
care being taken not to give too much shade, as the more
light they get the better they will bloom. They are propa-
gated by division.
A. cardinale, Linden et Bclih. f. — A ver}^ distinct species,
with ensiform leaves two feet long, of a dark green, and glossy
above. The flowers are produced in cylindrical racemes a
foot long, and consist of light rose-coloured sepals and petals,
and a deep rose red Hp. It blooms during the summer months,
and lasts three or four weeks in perfection. — 'New Grenada.
Flo. — Pescatorea, t. 45.
A. giganteum, Lindley. — A noble species, and certainly the
finest of the genus, having dark evergreen ensiform drooping
leaves, and a graceful habit. The flower spikes, which are
produced from the top of the bulbs, grow from eight inches to
a foot high ; the blossoms are beautiful dark purple and rose ;
they are produced during April and May, and last three
weeks in perfection. If required for exhibition, this should
be kept at the coolest end of the house, for it will generally
come in too early if not kept back. — Mexico.
'Yia.— Wanier, Sel. Orch. PI., i. t. 39.
A. spicatum, Llave et Lex. — A pretty evergreen Orchid,
with arcuate keeled leaves, and an erect spike of dark red
flowers, which continue in beauty three or four weeks during
the winter months. — Mexico.
'Em.—Bot. Mag., t. 6022.
ARUNDINA, Blume.
{Tribe Epidendrefe, subtribe Ccelogj-nese.)
A genus of terrestrial Orchids, of considerable beauty.
They have erect reed-like leafy stems invested by the leaf-
sheaths, and terminal loose racemes of large showy flowers,
in wbich the sepals are spreading and the lip sessile, spurless,
concave at the base surrounding the column. The few species
are found in India and the Malay Archipelago.
Culture. — This is a free-growing and free-rooting Orchid,
but having only thin reed-like stems, and no fleshy pseudo-
137
bulbs to draw upon for support, it requires to be potted in
richer soil than many others. That best suited to it is good
rough fibrous peat and loam mixed together. The plants should
be grown in the cool end of the East Indian house, and must
have a good supply of water during the growing season, the
soil being also kept moderately moist when they are at rest.
They need plenty of light, but require shading during strong
sunshine. They are propagated by dividing the crowns, and
also by taking off and potting the young plants produced
on the stems.
A. bamlDllScefolia, Lindlcy. — A fine evergreen terrestrial
Orchid, with reed-like stems, three to five feet high, producing
its flowers from the top of the stem about July, and continuing
to bloom for some time during summer and autumn. The
leaves are ensiform, pale green ; and the flowers, which grow
several together on a terminal spike, are large, with pale
magenta rose sepals and petals and a rich rose lip striped
with orange lines on each side the white throat. — India : Nepal,
Burmah, d'c.
Fig.— Griffith, Not. PI. Asiat,, iii. t. 814 ; Wight, Icon. PI. Ind. Or., v. t.
1661 ; Orchid Album, iii. t. 139,
Syn. — Cymbidium bambusifolium ; Bletia graminijolia,
A. densa, Lindley. — An attractive species, with stems three
feet high, clothed with lanceolate subequal stem-sheathing
leaves, and bearing a close terminal head of handsome rosy-
violet flowers, with a crimson-bordered lip; these flowers are
as large as those of A, hmnhnso'folia and sweet-scented. —
Singapore.
Fig.— Bot. Reg., 1842, t. 38.
Asp ASIA, Lindley.
{Tribe Vandeas, subtribe Oncidieas.)
This is a small genus of epiphytes containing plants of
dwarf habit. The pseudobulbs are broad and oval, and, like
the leaves, dark green. The flowers are in racemes on
axillary peduncles ; the sepals are spreading, and at the back,
138 orchid-groweb's manual.
with the petals, adnata to the base of the column, but not
spm-red. The few species are Tropical American. Keichen-
bach includes the genus in Odontoglossum.
Culture. — These plants require the same treatment as the
Miltonias.
A. lunata SUperba, Hon. — This beautiful variety of an
old acquaintance in our gardens bloomed some years ago with
us, and proved to be very fine. The sepals and petals are
long, white at the ends, and spotted with chocolate ; the lip is
rather large, subquadrate, white, with the centre deep violet.
A compact-growing plant, well deserving a place in any
collection.— i?ra«i7.
Fig.— (A. lunata) Xenia Orch., i. t. 34 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. 108, fig. 74.
Syn. — (A. lunata) Aspasia odorata ; Odontoglossum lunatum.
BarkeEIA, Knowles and Westcott.
{Tribe Epidendrese, subtribe LselietE.)
These plants are now often included in the genus
Kpidendrum, but for the purposes of the cultivator it is more
convenient to keep them separate. They have stems some-
what thickened and fleshy, or narrow fusiform pseudobulbs,
leafy above ; the column is connate with the base of the lip,
sometimes very shortly so, and more rarely for half its length.
They are deciduous, losing their leaves during their season of
rest, and though small growing, are free in producing flowers,
which are both rich and delicate in colour. The few species
are from Central America.
Cidture. — The Barker ias merit a place in every collection.
They are compact-growing, with upright slender bulbs, from
the top of which the flower stems are produced. These plants
succeed best on flat blocks of wood, so that the plants can be
tied on the top without any moss ; they send out their thick
fleshy roots very freely, and will soon cling to the blocks.
They require to be grown in a cool -house, where they can
139
receive air every day during their season of growth. The
Mexican house will be the most suitable place for them, and
during their season of growth a good supply of water — twice
a day in summer will not be too much for them, but during
their season of rest very little water will suffice — only enough
to keep their stems or bulbs from shrivelling, about two or
three times a week. They should be suspended from the
roof, near the glass, where they can receive plenty of light
and a good supply of sun.
B. Cyclotella, Rchb.f. — A very beautiful plant, with short
leafy stems as thick as a quill, distichous ligulate-oblong
acute leaves, and a terminal raceme of very showy flowers,
which have deep magenta sepals and petals, and a broad emargi-
nate lip of the same rich magenta round the margin, the central
portion being white. It is a deciduous species, and blooms
in February and March, the plant continuing for six weeks in
bloom. — Mexico.
YiG.— Orchid Album, iv. t. 148,
BARKERIA ELEGANS.
B.
Knowles and Westc. — A splendid species, of
which the leaves are lanceolate, and the erect racemes of
flowers, few in number, are produced during the winter season.
The sepals and petals are dark rose, the hp is whitish,
broadly obovate, having on the disk an oblong callus ending
in three elevated lines, this being covered by the large
140 orchid-growee's manual.
spathulate yellowish purple dotted column, beyond which in
front is a large blotch of deep reddish crimson. It is one
of the best of the genus, and rare, having flowers nearly as
large as those of B. spectahilis. There are two or three
varieties in cultivation. — Mexico.
YlG.—K. ^- W. Floral Cah., t. 49 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4784; Fl. des Serves,
t. 959 ; lllmt. Hort., t. 23 ; Pescatorea, t. 10; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 394.
B. LincUeyana, Bateman. — A very distinct and handsome
species, with slender stems a foot high, having elliptic oblong
acute leaves, and long erect racemes of rather large flowers,
which are of a rosy purple colour, the lip, which is oblong-
quadrate and apiculate, being rich purple at the tip, with a
blotch of white in its centre ; it blooms in September and
October, and lasts long in good condition. — Costa Pdca and
Mexico.
Fig.— Bateman, Orch. Mex. et Guat., t. 28 ; Bot. Mag., t. 6098 ; Paxton,
Mag, Bot., xiii. 193, with tab. ; Jennings, Orch,, t. 14.
B. Lindleyana Centerse, Endr. et Echb. /. — A beautiful
variety with longer pseudobulbs, and larger purple-lilac flowers,
intensely purple at the tip, the disk yellowish white spotted
with purple, the column lilac beautifully blotched with deep
purple. — Costa Pdca.
B. melanocaulon, Rich, et Gal. — A pretty and free-flowering
Orchid. It has erect terete dark purple stems, and elliptic
acute leaves ; the flowers are produced on an upright spike,
and have the sepals and petals rosy lilac, the lip reddish
purple with a blotch of green in the centre. It produces its
blossoms from June to September, and will continue in per-
fection a long time. A very rare and desirable species. —
Costa Rica.
Fid.— Rich, et Gal, Ann. Sc. Nat., t. 19 ; Ann. de Gand, 1848, t. 212.
B. Skinneri, Bateman. — A beautiful free-flowering Orchid,
with erect stems a foot high, clothed with distichous lanceolate
rather fleshy leaves, and bearing erect cylindrical racemes,
sis to nine inches long, of large deep rose-coloured blossoms.
The flower spikes are sometimes two feet long, each bearing
as many as from twenty to thirty flowers. It will continue
in blossom from November to February, and is a valuable
Orchid for winter bloommg. — Mexico and Guatemala.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., tt. 3951, 4094 ; Bot. Reg., t. 1881 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot.,
XV. 1, with tab.
BATEMANNIA. 141
B. Skinneri SUpertia, Rort. — This far surpasses the type
in the size of the flowers and of the raceme, as well as in the
brilliancy of its colour ; moreover, it frequently produces a
branched inflorescence, no doubt from its stronger growth
and constitution. The stems grow about a foot high, the
flower spike proceeding from the top when the growth is
nearly completed, and attaining the height of from twelve to
eighteen inches, bearing a large number of flowers of a dark
rosy colour, somewhat deeper-tinted in the lip, which is
marked towards the base with yellow streaks. — Guatemala.
Fig.— Floral Mag., t. 185 ; Warner, Sel. Orcli. PI, i. t. 38.
B. spectabilis, Bateman. — A charming species, having
cylindrical stems four or five inches high, each bearing two
fleshy lanceolate acute leaves. The flowers proceed from the
top of the stem in a raceme consisting of eight or ten spread-
ing blossoms, which are nearly three and a half inches wide ;
the lip is white at the base and in the centre, rosy lilac at the
point and margin, and richly marked with small blood red
dots. It blooms in June and July, and lasts three or four
weeks in perfection if kept in a cool-house. This makes a
splendid plant for exhibition. We have seen specimens at
the Chiswick and Regent's Park shows with as many as
twenty spikes on one plant. A very distinct and desirable
Orchid. — Mexico and Guatemala.
¥iG.— Bateman, Orch. Mex. et Guat, t. 33 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4094 ; I'axton,
Mag. Bot., x. 169, with tab.
BaTEMANNIA, Lindleij.
{Tribe YandeEe, subtribe CyrtopodieEe.)
This is a small genus of dwarf, compact-growing plants,
generally of free-flowering habit. They have short stems
which scarcely become thijkened into pseudobulbs, ample pli-
cately-venose leaves, and large flowers on recurved peduncles.
The dorsal sepal is free, erect, and concave, and the lateral
ones adnate to the produced foot of the column, with which the
lip is articulated. The species are mostly showy plants, and
well worth growing, as they are easily accommodated.
Culture. — The Batemannias will do either in pots, or on
blocks with moss. If grown in pots, peat and moss form the
142 obchid-gbower's manual.
best material for potting. They should be placed in the
Cattleya house, with a good supply of water in the growing
season, and be shaded from the sun.
B. Beaumotltii, Rckb. f. — A pretty dwarf-growing plant, with
pyriform tetragonal pseudobulbs, plicated cuneate-oblong light
green leaves, and erect one or two-flowered peduncles; the
flowers are two inches in diameter, light green marked
throughout with longitudinal stripes of pale olive brown, the
lip white with light lilac-purple dots and streaks, trifid, the
semioblong toothed side lobes incurved, and bearing on the
disk between them about seven long parallel acute crests. —
Brazil: Bahia.
Tig. — Xenia Orch., iii. t. 215.
Syn. — Stenia Beaumontii ; Galeottia Beaumontii.
B. Burtii, Endr. et Rchb. f. — This remarkable and beauti-
ful plant, which is almost stemless, has leaves which measure
a foot in length, and from two to two and a half inches in
breadth, and are of a dark green colour. The peduncles are
solitary, radical, erect, one-flowered, and the flowers are three
inches across, yellow in the centre, the sepals and petals tri-
angular oblong, reddish brown with brownish yellow chequered
spots, the two petals having in addition a large dark brown
radiating blotch at the base ; the basal part of the stalked
trowel-shaped lip is white, the apex dark brown ; the claw
bearing a transverse semilunar two-lobed white auricle, cut
into incurved setiform dark purple teeth. It has the
peculiarity of throwing the roots out from between the bottom
leaves. This species was first flowered in the collection of
the late W. B. Hume, Esq., of Winterton, Yarmouth. — Costa
Rica.
'FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6003 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 101 ; Warner, Sel. Orch.
PI, ii. t. 35.
B; grandiflora, Rchh. f. — This extremely curious and very
pretty Orchid was introduced some quarter of a century ago,
but is not often to be met with. It has ovate pseudobulbs
some three or four inches long, bearing two large broadly
lanceolate leathery leaves. The peduncle comes up with the
young growth, bearing a raceme of three or four flowers of
curious structure ; the sepals, of which the lateral ones are
much the smaller, and the spreading petals, are oHve green
striped with reddish brown ; the lip is white, with reddish
BATEMANNIi
.lELEAGEIS.
BATEMANNIA. 143
purple streaks, and toothed margin and veins ; the basal part
orange-yellow with red streaks, developed into a semicircular
frill or ruff with sharp-pointed teeth in the middle, and having
two acute toothed white side lobes. — New Grenada : 4,000 ft.
elevation, therefore not a cool Orchid.
¥lQ.—Bot. Mag., t. 5567 ; Bateman, 2nd Cent. Orch. PL, t, 172.
Syn. — Galeottia grandiflora.
B. Meleagris, Echb.f. — A beautiful and interesting species,
having a short erect stem, with the broadly-lanceolate
leaves a foot long arranged in two close opposite rows ; the
peduncle is axillary, bearing one flower three to four inches
in diameter, of which the sepals and petals are ovate acumi-
nate, broad at the base, tessellated, pale yellow on the basal
half and purplish brown upwards ; the two lateral sepals
folded inwards on the inner margin at the base. The lip is
about half the size of the petals, similar in form, but with a
distinct claw, white tipped with purplish brown, and having
at the base of the claw a crescent- shaped plate, fringed with
long stiff yellowish hairs. It is a scarce Orchid, blooming in
June and July, and lasts a long time in beauty. — Brazil.
Fig.— Bot. Reg., 1839, 1. 14 ; Maund, Hot., iii. t. 1-16 ; Xenia Orch., i. t. 6Q,
figs. 1, 2.
Syn. — Huntley a Meleagris.
B. Wallisii, Rckh. f. — This showy plant was at first con-
sidered to be only a variety of B. Burtii, but has since been
established as a distinct species. It has a running rhizome,
which sometimes grows up 40 ft. high. The flowers are light
greenish yellow outside, greenish brown inside, yellow at the
base of the sepals, but having scarlet stripes at the base of
the petals ; lip greenish with a brownish tint at the apex, the
bristles of the callus also being greenish. The lateral sepals
are nearly four inches long, and broad in proportion. It
flowers during the summer months. — Costa liica.
B. Wallisii major, iic/ii./.— This magnificent variety is a
perfect giant, the flowers measuring as much as five and a
half inches in diameter. It was first flowered by Sir Trevor
Lawrence, Bart., M.P., in September, 1883, and is wonder-
fully distinct and handsome in appearance. The rhizomes
are creeping, and the leaves distichous. The sepals and petals
are ovate-lanceolate acuminate, white at the base, and of a rich
chestnut brown in the upper part, having a distinctly tessellated
appearance, caused through the veins being very prominent
144 orchid-grower's manual.
and of a darker colour than the ground ; the petals have some
radiating stripes of deep purple at their lower extremities ;
the lip is lance-shaped, dark chestnut brown, reticulated, with
a margin of blackish-purple. M. Roezl states that " it grows
in a temperature of 75° — 85° F. all the year round, in deep
shade, in an atmosphere saturated with moisture, and where
rain falls so constantly that the plant is almost always wet."
It, as well as the type, ought to be in every collection. — Costa
Plica.
Bletia, Ruiz et Pa von.
( Tribe Epidendrefe, suhtribe Bletieae.)
The species belonging to this genus are terrestrial, a few only
being worth growing. The flowers of these are produced very
freely when they are thoroughly established, and are valuable for
cutting and bouquet work, on account of their pleasing colour,
and the long time they last in water. The pseudobulbs are
round or flattened, often tuberiform, and from these proceed
the long narrow deciduous leaves. The sepals are free, and
the lip spurless, its lateral lobes erect, parallel or spreading at
the apex ; the column is longish and footless. About a score
of species are known inhabiting Tropical America, China, and
Japan.
Culture. — All the species are of easy culture, and may be
grown in the Mexican house or cool frame where there is a
little heat. The best material for growing these plants in is a
mixture of loam and leaf mould, with about two inches of
drainage in the bottom of the pot, covered with a layer of
moss or rough peat ; the pots should be filled with the mould
to within an inch of the top, the bulbs placed on the top
of the mould, and just covered over. They require a good
supply of water in the growing season, but not much heat.
After their growth is finished, give them a good season of
rest ; and keep them rather dry till they begin to grow.
These plants require to be well grown to make them flower
BLETIA. 145
freely. The colour of the flowers is distinct from that of
most of our Orchids, and produces a good effect in a house ;
and although they are not thought much of by many Orchid-
growers, they are well worth the care that is bestowed upon
them on account of their pleasing colours.
B. canipanulata, Llave. — The blossoms of this species are
•of a deep purple, with a white centre, and they grow in a few-
flowered raceme. It flowers at diflerent times of the year,
and lasts long in perfection. — Mexico ; Peru.
B. hyacintMna, B. Bromi. — A handsome tuberous plant,
with long lanceolate plicate leaves, and slender scapes a foot
high bearing flowers of a beautiful rose-purple ; the lip is
white, streaked with red in the centre, and spotted and
broadly edged with deep crimson. It proves to be hardy
under congenial treatment. — China ; Japan.
YiG.—Sm. Exot. Bot., i. t. 60 ; Bot. Mag., t. 1492 ; Loddiges, Bot. Cab.,
t. 1968 ; Garden, 1879, t. 205 ; Blume, Orch. Arch, Ind., t. 6, fig. 1 ; Thiinb.
Icon. Fl. Jap., t. 9.
Syn. — Cymbidium hyacinthinum ; Bletia japonica.
B. hyacintllilia albo-Striata, Siehold. — This is exactly
similar in habit to B. iDjaciut/dna, but with all the nerves white,
producing a very pretty striped variegation, and as it succeeds
well in a cool-house it will be a valuable acquisition. — Japan.
B. patula, Graham. — A fine species, wdth roundish bulbs
or tubers, lanceolate plicate leaves a foot and a half long, and
long erect scapes three feet high, bearing many (20) flowers
in a terminal raceme. The flowers are large, spreading, up-
wards of two inches across, and of a reddish lilac or rose
colour, with the six lamellae on the disk white. It blooms in
March or April. This plant should be placed in the Cattleija
house during the growing season, but must be removed to a
cooler place to rest. — West Indies.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 3518 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard., ii. 69, fig. 169.
B. Shepherdii, Hooker. — A robust-growing species, with
broadly lanceolate dark green leaves a foot and a half long, and
branching flower scapes two to three feet high. The flowers
are of a deep reddish purple, marked down the centre of the
lip with from five to seven creamj^ yellow lamellae. It blooms
during the winter months, and remains in perfection three or
four weeks. — Jamaica.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 3319 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., ii. 146, with tab.
146 ohchid-grower's manual.
B.Sherrattiana, Bateman. — A charming species, resembling
B. patula in habit. It has flattened corm-like pseudobulbs,
plicate lanceolate acuminate leaves, and erect scapes three
feet high, bearing a raceme of large showy flowers of a bright
rose-colour ; the lip, which is three-lobed, with the lateral lobes
rounded and flat, and the middle one smaller and reniform,
is of a deeper rosy purple with three orange-coloured lamellae
down the white centre. It is a most desirable acquisition
to the terrestrial section of Orchids. When growing, it
should be kept in the cool-house. — New Grenada.
¥iG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5646.
BOLLEA, Reichenhacli Jll.
{Tribe Vandese, subtribe Cyrtopodiese.)
In their manner of growth the species of Bollea are much
like those of Pescatoria, but the flowers are quite different.
Both Keichenbach and Bentham and Hooker regard the
group as a section of Zygopetalum., Their chief peculiarities
consist in their one-flowered scapes, their broad sepals and
petals, their ample rounded shortly clawed lip, which has a
prominent crest on the disk, and their short thick column,
which has the anther-bed entire and subcucullate. The
species are not numerous, and all inhabit Tropical America.
Culture. — These plants succeed well in the warm-house in
a mixture of peat and moss, and they require a good supply of
water during the time of growth. Many persons cultivate
them in pots, but we have found them do well on blocks,
especially those formed of fern stems, but treated in this way
they require an abundant supply of water when growing.
B. COelestis, Bchh. f. — In growth this species resembles
B. LaJindei, but the colouring of the flower is altogether
brighter and more distinct. The leaves are close-set, dis-
tichous, and cuneate-oblong ; the scapes fifteen to eighteen
inches high ; the flowers large, three to four inches across,
the oblong acute sepals and the shorter petals light blue at
the base, deeper mauve in the middle, the marginal tips
white ; the lip is deep violet in front, the prominent basal
BOLLEA. 147
callus yellowish white, consisting of fifteen nearly contiguous
lamellfe. The boat-shaped column is of a fine deep violet
blue, except the base, which is yellow. This will form a fine
distinct exhibition plant. It flowers in June and July, and
will last a long time in perfection. — Colombia.
¥iG.—Belg. Eort., 1879, t. Q;Bot. Mag., t. 6458.
B. Lalindei, Rchb.f. — A very distinct plant of recent intro-
duction. The leaves are elliptic lanceolate, narrowing to
the base, five-nerved, a foot long, distichous ; the scapes
are solitary ; the flowers are about three inches across, the
sepals and petals in plants flowered by us lilac at the base,
pale rose in the upper part, with the tips straw-colour, and
the lip golden yellow, with about thirteen close-set lamellfe ;
but in those described by Professor Reichenbach they were of
a bright violet, the upper sepal tipped with green, the lower
halves of the lateral sepals brownish purple, the lip deep
orange, and the column deep purplish. The column is very
peculiar, being broader than the lamellate disk, arched and
rose-coloured. — New Grenada.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 6331.
B. Lawrenceana, Rchh. /. — a beautiful and delicately-
coloured species, resembling B. ccelestis in growth. The
plant is dwarf, almost stemless, with distichous broadly
ligulate acuminate leaves more or less keeled ; and axillary
scapes, each supporting a solitary flower, which measures
three and a half to four inches across, white distinctly blotched
with violet or mauve at the tips of both the sepals and the
petals, the white being contmued outside the blotch so as to
form a narrow margin. The lip is much shorter than the other
parts, squarish with the sides revolute, the apex of an intense
rich velvety purple, the basal callus large, bright yellow,
white on each side. The broad hooded white column is also
a conspicuous object in the centre of the flower. — Colomhia.
^IG.— Warner, Sel. Orcli. PI, iii. t. 13 ; Xenia OrcJi., iii. t. 221.
B, Patinii, Rchb. f. — A fine and distinct plant, having some
resemblance to B. Lalindei, but with larger flowers less
brightly coloured. The leaves, which are distichous, are
nervose, broadly oblong -ligulate, narrow at the base, 'and
acute at the apex. The scapes spring from the leaf-axils,
and are decurved, each bearing a solitary flower upwards of
three inches across ; the dorsal sepal and the obtuse petals, all
G 2
148 oechid-growjie's il^nual.
of which are oblong and uudulated, are of a rosy-pink, while
the two lower sepals are pink along the upper half, and deep
rose along the lower side ; the short lip is yellow, as is the
frill of about thirteen lamellae on the disk, and has the large
convex pink column arching over it. — New Grenada,
YiG.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 147 ; Gard. Chron., N.S., iii. 8, fig. 1.
BrasSAVOLA, Bobert Broun.
(Tribe Epidendrece, subtribe Lasliese.)
Epiphytal plants, with somewhat thickened stems, bearing
one or two fleshy subterete or thickly linear leaves, and
terminal showy flowers, of which the sepals are long and
spreading, the lip sessile, its basal lobes folded over the
column, and its front lobe abruptly expanded. There are about
a dozen species, natives of Brazil, the West Indies, and Mexico,
but only a few that are sufficiently showy to be worth growing
by the majority of amateurs.
Culture. — These plants are of easy culture, and grow best
in a little moss on blocks of wood suspended from the roof;
a liberal quantity of water is necessary during the growing
season, but afterwards much less will suffice. They are best
grown in the warmest house, and are propagated by dividing
the plants.
B. acaulis, Lindlei). — A very interesting species, with rush-
like foliage, and a compact stemless habit of growth, strikingly
difi'erent from all others except B. glavca. The flowers are
large, with the sepals and petals long, narrow, and greenish
or creamy white, the lip being large, heart-shaped and pure
white, with the base of the tube spotted with dull rose.
They are produced in September, and remain a long time in
beauty. — Central America.
Fig.— Paxt. Fl. Gard., ii. 152, fig. 216.
Stn. — Bletia acaulis.
B. Bigbyana, Lindley. — A fine compact evergreen species,
about six inches high, with stem-like compressed pseudo-
bulbs, bearing a solitary elhptic glaucous fleshy leaf, and
jrom its base a peduncle supporting one very large flower
EFASSAVOLA. 149
five inches wide and six inches deep ; the sepals and petals
are oblong spreading, pale green with a purplish tinge, and
the cucullate cordate lip is creamy white, tinged with purple
at the tip, the margin deeply and beautifully fringed. It
produces its Folitary flowers, which are deliciously fragrant,
during the winter months from the top of the bulb, and con-
tinues for about two or three weeks in bloom. — Honduras.
YiG.— But. Mag., t. 4474 ; Bot. Eeg., 1S46, t. 53 ; Flore cles Serves, t. 237.
Syn. — Bletia Digbyana.
B. Gibbsiana, WUlUms. — This is a beautiful and distinct
species, well worthy of general cultivation. It is an erect
plant, belonging to the terete-leaved section, though in the
present species the leaves are somewhat broad and very thick.
It is a most profuse bloomer, producing three flowers upon
each spike, which are large and white, spotted with chocolate.
The temperature of the Cattlej'a house suits it best, and it
should be potted in peat and sphagnum moss. — Native
Country not knoivn.
B. glauca, Lindleij. — A desirable compact evergreen Orchid,
with a slowly creeping rhizome, from which proceed coriaceous
oblong retuse glaucous leaves, having a short pseudobulb-like
petiole ; a solitary large flower is developed from the leaf
axil, and of this the spreading sepals and petals are pale
green, and the expanded cordate lip pure white with some
pink streaks in the throat. It blooms in February or
March, and lasts two or three weeks in perfection. This is
found rather difficult to flower in some collections, but it
blooms every year if the plant is strong, producing one large
flower from a sheath at the top of the pseudobulb. — Mexico
and Gnatemala.
YlG.—Bateman, Orch. Mex. et Guat., t. 16 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4033 ; Bot. Reg.,
1840, t. 44.
Syn. — Bletia glatuia.
B. lineata, Hooker. — The present plant, which is allied to
B. acaiilis, is too much neglected by Orchid growers. It has
very short cylindrical stems, long, very deep green semiterete
tapered leaves, channelled above, and large and very fragrant
flowers, with the sepals and petals creamy white, and the large
cordate lip pure white. It is a pendulous plant, and requires
to be grown on a block, in the Cattleya house. — Gtiatemala ;
Central America.
'EiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4734.
Syn, — Bletia lineata ; Brassavola Mathenana.
150 oechid-growee's manual.
B. venosa, Lindley. — A pretty free-flowering small and
compact species. It has fleshy lanceolate semicylindrical
leaves and three-flowered scapes of white flowers having
greenish sepals ; these are produced at difierent times of the
year. It grows best on a block suspended from the roof of
the house. — Central America.
YiKi.—Bot. Mag., t. 4021 ; Bot. Reg., 1840, t. 39.
Syn. — Bktia venosa.
BeassIA, Robert Brown.
{Tribe Vandese, subtribe Oncidiese.)
This genus is nearly allied to Oncidium, difiering in the
narrow very much elongated sepals and petals ; in the shorter
undivided lip, which is sessile at the base of the column, plane,
bilamellate at the base ; and in the short wingless column.
The flowers are in loose simple racemes. In some of the
species they are dull-coloured, so that the genus is not in
great repute with Orchid-growers ; but, nevertheless, there
are a few kinds that are showy, free-flowering, and last a
long time in bloom, and which ought to be in every collection.
All have dark green pseudobulbs, and evergreen foliage a foot
or more in length. The species inhabit Tropical America,
Brazil, the West Indies, New Grenada, and Mexico, and are
about a score in number.
Culture. — The Brassias are evergreen plants of easy cul-
ture, and will do either in the East Indian or Cattleya house.
The flowers are produced from the side of the pseudobulbs
on long drooping spikes. They are best grown in pots, with
rough fibrous peat and good drainage, for they require a
liberal supply of water at the roots in the growing season,
though later on just enough water to keep their bulbs plump
will suffice. They should never be allowed to shrivel. They
are propagated by dividing the plants when they begin to grow.
B. antlierotes, Bchh.f. — A very ornamental species, growing
about eighteen inches high, with oblong monophyllous pseudo-
bulbs, and radical scapes bearing racemes of numerous large
151
firm-textm-ecl flowers, the long narrow sepals and petals deep
yellow with purple-brown blotches at the base, and the lip
brighter yellow spotted over the disk and central portion, half
as long as the sepals, and marked on the disk with an oblong-
ligulate orange-colouied crest. It flowers in May and June,
and lasts about three weeks in blossom. — / New Grenada .
Fib.— Orchid Album, iv. t. 159,
B. Gireoudiana, Rchb. f. et Warsc. — A very handsome
species of a genus that is rather neglected by Orchid-growers,
and a plant of easy culture and good robust habit. Its pseudo-
bulbs, are stout oblong two-edged ; the leaves are oblong acute
with a cuneate base, of a light green colour, and the scapes
are two feet high, bearing racemes of many flowers, which are
large, bright yellow spotted with red. — Costa Rica.
FiG.—Xenia Orch., i. t. 32.
Syn. — Oncidium Gireoudianum,
B. guttata, Lindley. — A very pretty species, considered by
some botanists to be synonymous with B. WraijcB and a
mere variety of B. viacidata. It produces its flowers on
spikes two to three feet long ; the sepals and petals yellowish
green blotched with brown, and the broad lip yellow spotted
with brown ; it blooms from May to August, and continues
flowering for about two months. — Guatemala.
FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4003.
B. Keiliana, Fidib. f. — A very distinct plant of dwarf
compact growth, remarkable for its boat-shaped bracts,
longer than the ovaries. The flowers, which grow in a loose
many-flowered raceme, have the sepals and petals at first
yellow, and then turning to a beautiful brownish orange,
cinnabarine when dried ; the lip being whitish. This plant suc-
ceeds well in the Cattleya house. — New Grenada : St. Martha.
Syn. — Brassia cinnaviomea, fide Rchb, ; Oncidium Keilianum.
B. Lanceana, LindJey. — A free-flowering Orchid, blooming
at difierent times of the year, and bearing yellow fragrant
blossoms lightly spotted with brown, which last three weeks in
perfection. It has ovate-oblong pseudobulbs, broadly lance-
olate striated leaves, and long racemes of flowers, the peduncle
or scape springing from the base of the bulb. There are two
varieties of this plant, one named maerostachya much better
than the other, having larger and brighter coloured flowers, —
Guiana : South Brazil.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 3577 ; Id. t. 8794 (var,) ; Bot. Reg., t. 1754.
SXN. — Oncidium suavtolens.
152
OKCHID- GROWER S MANUAL.
B. Lawrenceana, Lindlei/. — A handsome species, blooming
abundantly from June to August, and having long racemes of
very fragrant flowers, in which the petals are much shorter
than the sepals, which are fully three inches long, the lip
oblong-lanceolate acuminate and wavy, with two pubescent
connate lamellfe truncate in front. The colour of these flowers-
is bright yellow tinged with green at the base and spotted with
reddish-brown ; they last three or four weeks in good condition,
if kept dry. — Brazil.
Fig.— Bot. Reg., 1841, t. 18 ; Moore, III. Orch. PL, Brassia, t. 1.
Syn. — Oncidium Lawrenceanum.
B. Lawrenceana longissima, Bchb. f. — A very striking
variety of the species, in which the sepals are very much,
lengthened out. The pseudobulbs are oblong, much com-
pressed, three and a half inches long, the leaves six to eight
inches long, oblong-lanceolate, and the peduncles radical,
many-flowered. The sepals are as much as seven inches long,
dark orange -yellow, with large deep red-purple blotches, the
ovate-lanceolate pointed lip three inches long, pale yellow, with
a row of purple spots surrounding the two truncate pubescent
lamellae of the disk. The petals are much shorter than the sepals.
It is deserving of a place in every collection. — Costa Fdca.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6718.
B. maculata, R. Br. —
The original species and
type of the genus. It is a
rather showy free-flower-
ing plant, with oblong,
compressed pseudobulbs,
oblong acute stoutish
leaves, and racemes one to
two feet high of handsome
flowers, which spring from
the axils of accessory
leaves sheathing the bulbs ;
the flow^ers are large, the
sepals and petals yellow-
ish spotted with reddish,
brown, the roundish mu-
cronate lip white spotted with purple towards the base, the
basilar lamellae pubescent produced into a tooth at the
summit. It flowers in May and June. — Jamaica.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 1691 (inaccurate) ; Pa.vt. Mag. Bot, vi. 5, with tab.
BRASSIA MACULATA.
BEOUGHTONTA, 153
B. maculata major, Hort. — A very free-flowering form of
the older species. The sepals and petals are greenish yellow
spotted with brown, and the lip is white spotted with dark
brown ; it llowers in May and June, and lasts for five weeks
in bloom if kept in a cool-house. — Jamaica.
B. TeiTlICOSa, LimUey. — A curious species, in which the
upper part of the flower is pale green, and the lip white,
marked with green warts. It blossoms abundantly in May
and June. — (Jiiatemala.
TlG.—Batem. Orch. Mex. et Gvnt., t. 22.
Syn. — Oncidium verrucosum.
B. verrucosa grandiflora, Williams. — A very fine variety,
of stronger growth than the typical B. verrucosa, and with
flowers twice the size, and of a lighter colour. This is one
of the best of the genus we have seen, and is well worth
place in every collection. — Guatemala.
BrouGHTONIA, Robert Brown.
{Tribe Epidendrese, subtribe LselieEe.)
A small genus of epiphytes, which is included in Epiden-
drum. by Keichenbach. It belongs to the series of Lcdiece
having four pollen masses, and thus technically comes near to
Cattleya, with which it agrees in the lip folding over the apodous
column, but differs in having the ovary produced into a long
hollow neck or cavity. Some three or four species are known,
natives of the West Indies ; B. sanguinea, the most familiar
species, is common in the Islands of Cuba and Jamaica, more
especially the latter, where it grows on rocks fully exposed to
the influence of the sun.
Culture. — This plant succeeds best suspended from the
roof on a block of wood, with a little moss, and as near the
light as possible. It requires a good supply of heat and
moisture in the growing season. It is propagated by sepa-
rating the pseudobulbs.
G 3
154 okchid-gkower's manual.
B. saEguinea, B- Brown. — A very compact-growmg ever-
green epiphyte, with roundish ovate clustered pseudobulbs,
bearing one or two linear oblong leaves, from between which
springs the peduncle, eight to twelve inches high, supporting
a raceme of from six to nine flowers of a very rich
crimson, the sepals narrow lanceolate, keeled, the petals
broadly ovate, and the lip roundish cordate ; these flowers
are produced during the summer months, and last a long
time in good condition. This plant ought to be in every
collection, on account of the distinct and brilliant colour of
its flowers. — Jamaica ; Cuba.
Fig. — Bot. Mag., t. 3076 ; Id., t. 3536 (as coccinea) ; Loddlges, Bot, Cab.,
t. 793,
Syn. — Eindendrum sanguineum.
BULBOPHYLLTJM, Thoiiars.
{Tribe Epidendreae, subtribe Dendrobieae.)
The flowers in this genus are in general more curious than
beautiful. The plants mostly have creeping rooting rhizomes,
with pseudobulbs in the axils of the scarious sheaths, one or
two leaves from the top, and a raceme or umbel of numerous
small flowers on a peduncle springing from the base of the
bulbs. In a few instances they are larger and solitary. The
flowers are in many cases curious, particularly the labellum
or Hp, which is articulated and movable, the least breath of air
or the slightest cause of motion being sufiicient to set up a
tremulous or dancing movement in this organ. Of the
numerous species which are widely dispersed in Asia, Africa,
America, and Australia, only a few are worth the attention of
the amateur cultivator. The name is more commonly written
Bolbophi/llum, but the form we have adopted is the original
orthography of Du Petit Thouars.
Culture. — The Bulbophyls are chiefly valued as curiosities ;
they require but very little room, and thrive best on small
blocks of wood with a little moss, suspended in a warm part
BULBOPHYLLUM. ' 155
of the house ; the roots require a good supply of water.
They are propagated by separating the pseudobulbs.
B. auricomuni, Lindley. — In this plant the pseudobulbs
are an inch and a half high, the leaves deciduous, and the
flowers small, light green, in a spike ten inches long, drooping
like a Pholidota ; they are white and deliciously fragrant and
are produced in January. — India.
B. barbigerum, Lindley . — A curious and charming dwarf -
growing plant, with dark green oblong fleshy leaves, and
small orbicular pseudobulbs, from the base of which grows
the peduncle, supporting a raceme of some eight to ten
flowers. The sepals are narrow, greenish brown ; the petals
minute, not apparent, but the lip is most extraordinary ; it
is a long narrow yellowish body, with two deep purple
beards of fine hairs at the point, and from its tip a brush of
long purple threads, so delicate that the least disturbance
of the air sets them in motion. Besides all this, the lip is so
loosely attached at the base as to be moved with the slightest
breath, which gives it the appearance of a living thing. It
lasts long in bloom. — Sierra Leone.
YlG.—Bot. Beg., t. 1942 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5288,
B. Lobbii, Lindley. — The flowers of this species are large,
the sepals and petals deep tawny yellow, the upper sepal
spotted at the back with purple. It produces its solitary
flowers on radical scapes from the base of the ovate one-
leaved pseudobulbs during the summer months, and lasts
long in beauty. B. Henshallii is a pale variety. — Java.
¥io.— Bot. Mag., t. 4532 ; Faxt. Fl. Gard., i. 154, fig. 98 ; Lzni. Jard. Fl., t.
63 ; Gard. Mag. Bot., iii. 269_(var. Henshallii).
Stn. — Sarcupodium Lobbii.
B. maculatlim, Hort. — An interesting and pretty species ;
it has long obtuse bright green leaves, and pale yellow
prettily spotted flowers. It is of easy culture, and must be
kept in the warm house. — In Ma.
B. reticulatum, Bateman. — This is a very singular Orchid,
the handsomest of the genus, the leaf being three to five inches
long, and somewhat heart-shaped, with the nerves of a deeper
green than the rest of the surface, giving it a beautifully
156 oechid-growek's manual.
reticulated appearance ; the flowers, whicli are borne in pairs,,
are white, striped inside with purple, and the lip is spotted
with the same colour. It is easy of culture, delighting in
the strong heat of the East Indian house. — Borneo.
YiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5605 ; Bafem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PL, t. 190.
B. Saltatorium, Lindley. — ^A curious dwarf Orchid with
flowers of a greenish brown colour, produced at different
times of the year, and lasting some time in perfection. The
plant should be grown in the East Indiau house. — • West
Africa.
FlG.—Bot. Reg., t. 1970.
BXILBOPHTLLUM SIAMENSE.
B. siamense, Bchh. f. — A very pretty species, and well
adapted for those who, having but little space, devote it to
the small-growing kin:]s. The pseudobulbs are ovate, the
BURLINGTONIA. 157
leaves longer and stouter than those of B. Lohbii, and the
flowers pale nankin yellow striped with purplish brown,
the hinged lip being yellow streaked with purplish black
lines, and having a deep yellow disk. It should be grown in
a pot, with peat and sphagnum moss. — Siam.
¥lG.—Jie/ug. Bot. ii., t. 116.
BURLINGTONIA, Lindleij.
{Tribe Vandefe, subtribe OncidieEe.)
There are some beautiful species in this genus, all of which,
except B. decora, are of a very compact habit of growth.
They have pseudobulbs, terminated by one or two evergreen
leaves, four to six inches high, and produce their delicately-
coloured flowers mostly on drooping spikes from the side of
their pseudobulbs. They have the dorsal sepals free, and the
lateral ones connate, petals resembling the dorsal sepal, and a
lip furnished with a conspicuous incurved spur. The few
species, which are by some referred to Bodriguezia, are all
found in Tropical America.
Cidture. — These plants ought to be in every collection,
however small, as they require but little room, and may be
easily grown to perfection. They thrive best in small baskets
or pans with sphagnum moss and potsherds, and require a
good supply of heat and moisture while growing. They need
but little rest, and should never be suffered to get too dry at
the roots. They are propagated by division.
B. Batemamii, Hon. — A very pretty species, in general
appearance resembling B. Candida. The flowers are white
and deliciously scented, but the lip, instead of being tinted with
yellow, as is so usual in the genus, is of a beautiful mauve
colour. — South America.
B. Candida, Lindleij. — A handsome free-flowering compact-
growing species, with very small ovate pseudobulbs, oblong
leaves, and drooping spikes of flowers, which are large,
158
OECHID-GROWEK S MANUAL.
^5"^C5J
BUKLINGTONIA CANDIDA.
fragrant, white, except on the upper
part of the Hp, which is yellow,
and has several fleshy lamellfe in
two series on the disk. It flowers
in April and May, and sometimes
at other seasons, lasting about three
weeks in perfection. To grow this
species in perfection a good supply
of moisture is necessary at the
roots ; indeed, it should never be
allowed to get dry. — Demerara.
YiG.—Bot. Reg., tt. 1927, 1929 ; Floral
Mag., t. 548 ; Orchid Album, i. t. 18.
B. decora, Lemaire. — A beautiful
free-flowering species of somewhat
straggling habit, as it makes long wiry growths between
each of the ovate two-edged pseudobulbs, from which the
roots proceed. The leaves are linear-oblong, leathery ; and
the flowers are produced on lax upright spikes, and are of
a delicate white, pencilled with light rose, the sepals and
petals convergent, and the large white lip roundish and bilobed.
It blooms during the winter months, and succeeds best in a
basket, or on a block suspended from the roof. — Brazil.
Fig —Bot. Mag., t. 4834 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PI, t. 110 ; Lemaire,
Jard. Fl., t. 188 ; Fl. des Serves, t. 716 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard,, iii. 99, fig. 278.
Syn. B. amcena.
B. decora picta, Hooker. — This is a very fine form of the
preceding, stronger in growth, with much larger flowers, richer
in colour, and altogether a superior variety. It produces
its beautiful flowers on branching spikes, some of them bear-
ing as many as twenty blossoms. — Brazil.
'FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5419.
B. Farmeri, Hort. — This is a very pretty species, and
well worthy of general cultivation. It resembles B. Candida
in habit and appearance, and is a very free bloomer, producing
its elegant white and yellow flowers in early summer. It
succeeds best grown on a block or in a basket with sphagnum
moss, suspended from the roof in the Cattleya house. —
Native Country not known,
B. fragrans, Lindley. — A charming species, the flowers of
which are deliciously fragrant, the perfume resembling that of
CALANTHE. 159
the hawthorn. They grow in erect racemes, and have the
sepals and petals white, and the lip white stained with yellow
down the centre ; they are produced in April and May, on a
drooping spike, and last three or four weeks in beauty if kept
free from damp. — Brazil.
¥lG.—Orchido2)hile, Oct. 1884, p. 297, photograph.
B. Knowlesii, Hort. — A beautiful species, somewhat
similar in habit to B. venusta, very dwarf and compact. The
flowers are white, slightly tinged with pinkish lilac, and pro-
duced in long racemes. It blooms during the autumn, and
continues in perfection a long time. A scarce Orchid. — Native
Country not known.
B. Leeana, Williams. — A very distinct and beautiful species,
producing drooping spikes of flowers. In growth it resembles
B.fragrans, but is somewhat stronger, with ligulate ancipitous
pseudobulbs and linear-lanceolate leaves a foot long. It
produces ten or more flowers on a spike ; the sepals and petals
are cream-colour with a yellow mid-line, and flushed with pale
rosy purple, the lip cream-colour spotted with rosy purple of
diff'erent shades, the crest yellow of two long linear keels,
each having four small lateral keels spreading outwards. The
blossoms have a delicious perfume. It flowers in January and
February. — Pao Negro.
Syn. — Rodriguezia .
B. venusta, Lindley. — A very pretty species, with rigid
dark green leaves, and pendulous racemes of flowers, which are
white, with yellow down the centre of the lip. It blooms at
diff'erent times of the year, and lasts two or three weeks in
good condition. — Brazil.
Fig,— III. I/uri., t. 188 ; Sertum Orch., t. 2.
CalANTHE, Robert Brown.
{Tribe Epidendreee, suUribe Coelogynese.)
There are some beautiful species belonging to this genus, and
consequently these plants are great favourites. They are of
easy culture, having bold evergreen foliage — except in the case
of the vestita group — C. vestita, C. Veitchii, C. Turneri, C.
WilUamsii, and C. Regnieri, which are deciduous, losing their
160 orchid-grower's manual.
leaves during the season of rest. The latter deciduous group
is sometimes separated from Calanthe as a distinct genus
under the name of Preptanihe. Limatodes is also included as
a near ally of C. vestita by Bentham and Hooker. Nearly
all the species have striking and attractive flowers, one
peculiarity of which is that the claw of the lip is, in most
cases, connate with the column.
The evergreen species are, for the most part, rather large
upright-growing plants with plaited leaves, which in some of
them are as much as a foot and a half long and six inches
broad. In this group the long erect floral racemes come up
between the leaves and are developed along with them. The
deciduous species, on the other hand, produce their flowers
after the leaves and bulbs are completed. When the blooming
period is passed, the pseudobulbs should be allowed to go to
rest in a leafless condition until the season for again starting
into growth.
Culture. — The majority of the Calanthes are terrestrial
Orchids, and are consequently best grown in pots, with loam,
leaf mould, and rotten dung mixed together. When they are
planted, two inches of drainage should be put at the bottom of
the pot, then a layer of moss or rough peat ; after which the
pot should be filled up with the mould, so as to leave the plant
about level with the rim. They succeed best when grown in
the Indian house, and require well watering at the roots in
their growing season, so that the mould is never allowed to
get dry. A little manure water should be given when in
vigorous growth once a week, but it must not be used too
strong. But little rest is required by the evergreen kinds,
and during the resting period only enough water to keep the
soil slightly damp will be required. The deciduous species
require a thorough resting period, after the pseudobulbs are
matured and completed and the flowering season is past,
CALANTHE. 161
as at this season they loose then- roots. They require to
be repotted iu spring, the best time for which is just as they
begin to start into growth. These plants are very much
subject to the brown and white scale, which should be diligently
sought for and destroyed, as if they ai'e allowed to accumulate
the plants will not thrive. They are propagated by sepa-
rating the bulbs. The following are the most beautiful of the
species.
C. bella, Bclth. f. — A distinct hybrid, which, as Professor
Reichenbach remarks, deserves an honourable place amongst
these useful and ornamental plants which do so much to
enliven our dull, short winter days. It was raised in Messrs.
Veitch & Sons' nursery, the parents being C. Turneri and C.
Veitchii, the latter species being the father. The pseudobulbs
resemble those of C. vestita. The flowers are produced in
long arching racemes, and are as large as those of C. Tur-
neri ; the sepals white, the petals of a delicate blush, and
the broad deeply cleft four-lobed lip of a delicate blush-pink,
with an intense carmine crimson blotch surrounded by a zone
of white, the column also being of a deep crimson ; the spur
is pale yellow. It received a Ist-class Certificate at South
Kensington in December, 1881. — Garden hybrid.
C. curculigoides, Lindley. — This is an extremely rare and
beautiful species which we have not for a long time seen in
flower. The leaves are large, evergreen, and plaited. The
flow^er spike is erect, bearing a head of bloom similar to that
of C. veriitrifolia, but the flowers, instead of being white as in
that species, are of a beautiful orange yellow, and are pro-
duced in summer and autumn. — Malacca, Fenang, Smgapore,
Java.
YlG.—Bot. Reg , 1847, t. 8 ; But. May., t. 6104 ; Breda, Orch. Jav., t. 7 ;
Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 349.
C. Domillii, Lindley. — A good and distinct hybrid, which
grows in the same way as C. Masiica. The sepals and petals
are lilac, the lip deep purple. It is the first of the hybrid
Orchids raised in this country, and its production is due to Mr.
Dominy, who obtained it as a cross between C. Masuca and C.
furcata. It is a fine free-blooming plant. The seeds were
162 okchid-grower's manual.
obtained in 1854, and the young seedlings were in flower two
years later. — Garden hybrid.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5042.
C. furcata, Bateman. — A showy evergreen Orchid with ovate
oblong deeply plicate leaves, and erect spikes, three feet long,
bearing a profusion of crearoy white flowers, which last in
perfection six weeks ; these flowers, which are very freely pro-
duced, usually open in June, July, and August, and render it
a good plant for exhibitions. It diflers from C. veratrifolia
chiefly in the larger lateral lobes of the lip. — PhiUpjnnes ;
Java.
C. Masuca, Lindley. — A desirable and free-flowering ever-
green Orchid, producing its flowers on a spike two feet long.
The sepals and petals are of a deep violet colour, and the lip
a rich purple. It blooms in June, July, and August, and
lasts six weeks in perfection. This is a good plant for exhibi-
tion, the colour being very distinct. — Nepal, Sikkim, Neil-
gherries.
Fig.— Bot. Reg., 1844, t. 37 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4541 ; Wight, Icon., iii. t. 918 ;
Lem. Jard. Fl, t. 62 : Moore, 111. Orch. PL, Calanthe, t. 2 ; Batem. 2nd Cent.
Orch. PL. t. 139.
Syn.— 5/e?ia Masuca.
C. Masuca grandiflora, Williams. — A very scarce variety,
with evergreen foliage, producing gigantic flower spikes from
three to four feet high, which continue blooming for three
months ; sepals and petals deep violet, shading off" to lilac ;
lip very rich deep purple. Its long continuous blooming
season makes it valuable. — India.
C. porpliyrea, Rchh. /. — This handsome and distinct hybrid
has been raised in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence,
Bart., M.P., at Dorking, and is the result of a cross between
Limatodes labrosa and Calanthe vestita ruhro-oculata . We
have not yet seen this novelty, but Professor Keichenbach
describes the sepals and petals as being of a most exquisite
dazzling purple, while the lip is yellowish marked with small
purple spots at the base, and on the anterior part of a fine
purple ; the spur is ochre- coloured. It flowers during the
winter months. — Garden hybrid.
C. Eegnieri, Bchb.f. — A very charming plant introduced by
M. Regnier, of Paris. The growth of the pseudobulbs and
CALANTHE. 1G3
general appearance of the plant resemble those of C. Turneri,
as do also the flowers, but the Up differs in having the middle
lobe shorter, wedge-shaped, and emarginate, instead of deeply
parted, and instead of being white with a pink eye, it is
wholly rosy pink, which contrasting with the white sepals and
petals has a most striking and charming effect. It flowers at
the same time as C. Turneri. — Cochin China.
C. Regnieri fausta, Bchh. f. — A very fine variety of this
novel species, having the deepest and warmest crimson at the
base of the lip and on the column of any form of C. Reynieri
as yet known, the marking on the disk of the lip forming a
three-lobed blotch. It has been recently introduced by us.
— Cochin China.
C. Sanderiana, Hort. Sander. — A very pretty plant in the
way of C. Veitchii, bearing strong many-flowered spikes ;
sepals and petals rose-coloured, lip bright rosy crimson,
similar in shape to that of C. Regnieri. Flowers during the
spring months. — Cochin China.
C. sandhurstiana, Gosse. — A well-marked and very hand-
some plant, raised by Mr. P. H. Gosse, of Sandhurst, Torquay,
between Limatodes rosea and Calanthe veatita ruhro-ocidata.
It has much of the character of C. Veitchii, being of the same
parentage, but is said to be of stronger growth. The pedun-
cles support long racemes ("forty-one grand flowers") of
very beautiful flowers, which are of large size, and of a rich
rosy crimson, much deeper than in C. Veitchii, and have
besides a beautiful eye-spot on the lip. It is one of the
darkest-coloured forms of this set of Calanthes, and likely to
have a great future before it ; indeed Professor Reichenbach
calls it a "magnificent" and a "glorious" thing, and such
it was judged to be when exhibited at South Kensington by
Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart,, on December 9th, 1884, by the
award of a Ist-class Certificate. — Garden hybrid.
C. Sedeni, Veitch and Rchh. f. — A very handsome hybrid,
raised in Messrs. Veitch & Sons' establishment by Mr. Seden,
and named in compliment to him. It was raised between
C. Veitchii and C. vestita ruhro-ocidata, and has pseudobulbs
resembling those of the latter, and racemes of large flowers, in
which the sepals and petals are of a brighter and higher tint
of rose than those of the former, and the lip is of the same
164 orchid-gbowee's manual.
colour with a very dark purplish blotch at the base surrounded
by an area of white. — Garden hybrid.
Syn. — Preptanthe Sedeni.
C. Sieboldi, Dene. — An elegant evergreen dwarf-growing
cool-house species, with broad dark green plaited leaves, and
erect spikes, scarcely taller than the leaves, bearing a loose
raceme of large yellow flowers. A distinct and desirable
species. — Japan.
¥lG.—Rev. Eort., 1855, 381, with tab. ; Gartenflora, t. 635.
C. Textori, Miguel. — A very distinct plant, in habit of
growth resembling C. veratrifolia. The flowers also resemble
those of that species, the sepals and petals creamy white,
washed with violet on the petals and column, and also on the
base of the lip, where the calli are orange or brick red. It
afterwards changes to ochre-colour, excepting the pale lilac
base of the sepals and petals and the column. It flowers in
June. — / Eastern Islands.
C. Turneri, Echh.f. — Avery handsome species with jointed
pseudobulbs, producing longer flower spikes and larger flowers,
and these in greater quantity than in the older and better
known C. vestita. The flowers are more compact in shape,
the colour being pure white with a deep rose-coloured eye. A
peculiar feature of this plant is, that it blooms after the forms
of C. vestita are over, which makes it all the more valuable. —
Moulmein, ? Java.
C. Turneri nivalis, Hort. — An elegant variety, with pure
white flowers, which are in no way different from those of the
typical form save in being entirely destitute of the colour on
the lip. It flowers in winter, and is especially valuable for
wedding bouquets, or any other purpose for which pure white
flowers are wanted. It is a late flowering sort, blooming con-
temporaneously with C, Turneri. — Burmah.
C. YeitcMi, Lindley. — A beautiful mule, raised between
Limatodes rosea and Calanthe vestita, by Mr. Dominy. It is.
a deciduous plant, and grows like C. vestita. The flower
spikes are usually from two to three feet high, gracefully
arching ; and the numerous large blossoms are of a rich rose
colour. This has proved to be one of the best and most
useful of Orchids for winter decoration. The pseudobulbs are
165
generally from six inclies to a foot high, according to their
strength. Every grower of Orchids ought to have at least a
dozen or more of this fine decorative species for winter
blooming. — Garden hybrid.
Fig.— Bot.Jfag., t. 5375; Batem. 2nd Ctnt, t. 106 ; Floral Mag., t. 280 ;
Jennings, Orch., t. 48 ; Orchid Album, i. t. 31 ; Gartenflora, t. 731.
C. veratrifolia, -R. Br. — A noble evergreen species familiar
to cultivators. It has broad plicate leaves ; and the spikes
of flowers, which are delicate white, frequently attain the
height of two or three feet ; it blooms freely from May to
July, and will continue blooming for two months. The flowers
should be kept free from damp, for if they get wet they are apt
to become spotted. This makes one of the finest of exhibition
plants ; it is a very old species, but no collection should be
without it. — Ceylon; India; Australia.
Fig.— Bof.]ieg.,t. 720; Griff. Icon., t. 283, fig. 4 ; Bot. Mag., t. 2615;
Loddiges, Bot. Cab., t. 958.
C. veratrifolia macroloba, Bchh. f. — This is a great im-
provement on C. veratrifolia, having the flowers much larger
in size and of greater substance, pure white, the basilar lobe
exceedingly broad, with the lateral calli much developed ; it
flowers in May and June. — Imported by us from the Pacific
Islands.
C. vestita, Lindley. — A
deciduous species of gi'eat
beauty, and exceedingly
valuable for decorative
purposes. It has large
squarish silvery grey
pseudobulbs, broadly lan-
ceolate nervose leaves,
which grow up and
become matured after the
flowering is over, and
tall radical scapes of
charming creamy white
flowers, which in some forms have a coloured spot on the base
of the lip. The forms which usually represent the type in
collections are those named iuteo-oculata and ruhro-oculata,
•which are more fully described below. No collection should
be without the varieties of this plant, which are all such fine
subjects for winter blooming, and so useful for cutting for
CALANTHB VESTITA.
166 okchid-geower's manual.
room decoration, that one cannot have too many of them.
We have had plants of this species -n-ith thirty spikes, and
frequently the spikes have borne from twenty to thirty flowers
on each, continuing in perfection for three months. The
varieties mentioned below are all of a highly ornamental
character. — India : Moulmein.
-Fig.— Wight Icon., v. tt. 1751, 1752 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. 106, fig. 72 ;
iii. 38, woodcut of plant,
Syn. — Preptanthe ve.itita ; Cytheria Griffithii.
C. vestita igneO-OCUlata, Bchh. /. — This variety has been
exhibited by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P. , and is said to
be quite distinct, the base of the column being purplish, over
which is a dazzling flame colour, the blotch at the base of
the lip being of the same colour ; it is a much stronger grower
than C. vestita rubro-oculata, and retains its foliage until it
flowers. — Borneo.
C. vestita luteo-OCUlata, Veitch. — A charming variety, in
which the sepals and petals are white, and the lip is of the
same colour, with a blotch of yellow in the centre. The
flower spikes are produced from October to February, and
are very durable ; it is nearly equal to C. v. rubro-oculata
in point of beauty, and very useful for winter decoration. —
Burmah.
'Fia.—Bot. Mag., t. 4671 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., xvi. 129, with tab. ; Lem.
Jard. FL, t. 333 ; Fl. des Serves, t. 816 ; Id. tt. 1308—9, fig. 1 ; Warner,
Sel. Orch. PI, i. t. 29, upper fig.
C. vestita OCUlata gigantea, Bchh. f. — This is a very showy
Calanthe, and, like C. Turneri and C. WiUiamsii, blooms
after the other varieties are over. It is a strong grower, and
the foliage remains green during the time of flowering. It
yields gracefully arching spikes from three to four feet long,
which produce an abundance of large flowers of a soft
creamy white colour with a white lip, the base of the column
blotched with dazzling fiery red. It blooms in March and
April, and lasts in perfection for a long period. This fine
variety was exhibited by the late Mr. Spiers, when gardener
to Sir Trevor Lawrence, and received a first class certificate.
We learnt from Mr. Spiers that C. vestita oculata {ivjantea,
when in full beauty, bore on one spike as many as thirty
expanded flowers, with more to open, whilst the leaves were
still green. "The bulb carrying the spike," he wrote, "is
now Ijreaking freely, so that it would appear that it will
CAMAEOTIS. 167
require no rest. I shall simply re-pot it without disturbing
the roots. A curious fact with this variety is that its roots
reroain plump and do not die off every year as in the old
species." — / Borneo.
C. Testita ml)ro-OCUlata, Veitch. — A charming free-flowering
deciduous Orchid, producing, from October to February, long
drooping flower spikes, which are clothed with soft white hairs,
and rise from the base of the silvery green pseudobulbs before
the latter produce their leaves. The flowers are upwards of
two inches across ; the sepals and petals delicate white, the
lip of the same colour, with a blotch of rich crimson in the
centre.^Moulmein .
'Fig.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, i. t. 29, lower fig.; Flore des Serves, tt. 1308
-9, fig. 2.
C. "Williamsii, Moore. — This new and handsome plant
has been introduced by us, and is very charming. The
flowers are from two to two and a half inches in
diameter ; the dorsal sepal is white, the base of the lateral
sepals white on the upper side, and rosy pink on the lower ;
the petals are white, bordered with rosy pink, and pencilled
with the same colour on the lower halves ; the lip is entirely
of a deep rosy crimson with an intense crimson eye. It
flowers during winter months. — Eastern Asia.
Fig. — Orchid Album, iii. t. 134.
CamaeotIS, Lindley.
{Tribe Tandeas, subtribe Sarcanthese.)
A small genus of scandent Orchids, having narrow coria-
ceous leaves, and flowers with a thick fleshy lip, which is hol-
lowed out near the tip somewhat in the form of a slipper.
They are included by Bentham and Hooker in the Indian and
Australasian genus, Sarcochilus.
Culture. — The temperature of the East Indian house is
required for their successful culture. They succeed best
grown in sphagnum and suspended in baskets, and requne
care to grow them well. They may be planted either in pots
or baskets with moss, but the latter are preferable ; and they
require a good supply of heat, and moisture over the roots
168 obchid-geower's manual.
and leaves during the period of growth, but need very little
rest, and should never be allowed to shrivel.
C. purpurea, LindUy. — A beautiful upright growing plant,
with distichous oblong-linear emarginate leaves three to four
inches long. It produces its flower spikes, which are about
eight inches long and many -flowered, from the side of the
stem ; the blossoms are pale rose-coloured, the lip being of a
deeper rosy crimson, and they appear from March to May,
lasting two or three weeks in beauty. A fine specimen of
this species was shown at the Chiswick and Eegent's Park
Exhibitions in 1850. This single plant, on which there were
more than a hundred spikes of flowers, was exhibited by R. S.
Holford, Esq., Tetbury, Gloucestershire. It is to be regretted
that we do not see this plant so well cultivated as it was some
few years ago, for it is a fine object when grown like Mr,
Holford's plant.— Iwc^ia ; Sylhet, Khasya.
FiG.—Lindl. Sert. Orch., t. 19 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., vii. 25, with tab.
CaTASETUM, L. C. Richard.
{Tribe Vandese, suhtribe Stanhopiese.)
A genus of very remarkable Orchids, with short stem-like
pseudobulbs, large plicate leaves, and erect or pendulous
spikes of quaint-looking polygamo-trimorphous flowers, often
large, but seldom very attractive in character. There are
nearly forty known species from Tropical America and
Mexico, many of which are in cultivation, but they can
scarcely be regarded as favourites with Orchid-growers. The
separation of the sexes gives rise to flowers which have been
taken to belong to totally distinct genera, e.g., MojiachantJms
and Myanthus.
Culture. — The Catasetums thrive best in the Cattleya house.
They should be potted in a compost of peat with good drain-
age, and we have found them succeed best in baskets suspended
from the roof. They should not receive too much water when
growing, and when the growth is complete just sufficient
should be given to keep them from shrivelling.
CATASETTJ]
5CUREA.
1
CATASETUM. r 169
C. Christyanum, Rchb. f. — A very distinct and curious
species, first flowered by Thos. Christy, Esq., F.L.S., of
Sydenham. It has stout fusiform stems, lanceolate-lorate
plaited leaves, and produces strong erect flower spikes con-
taining about a dozen flowers, the sepals and petals of which
are of a dull chocolate brown, the lip and column being of a
bright green ; it blossoms during the autumn months. —
Brazil.
Fia.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 83.
C. mcacrocarpum, Richard. — This is a grand Orchid, and
■was communicated to us by W. Macdonald, Esq., of Perth,
who flowered it in 1884 ; but in common with others of the
genus it has not received much attention though very remark-
able in structure. The flowers are about four inches in
diameter ; sepals and petals broad, pale yellowish green,
densely spotted with purplish brown, reminding one of those
of Paphinia grandis ; lip deep orange yellow, densely spotted
•with brown, green on the lower portion of the outside ;
flowers in June. There are many varieties of this plant. —
Tropical America, east of the Andes.
'EiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 2259 ; Id., t 3329 (tridentatum) ; Bot. Reg., t. 840 ;
Hook Ex. FL, tt. 91—2 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1344 (Claveringii).
Syn. — C. tridentatum ; C, Claveringii.
C. SCUrra, Rchb.f. — This curious plant is well worthy of
cultivation, owing to its compactness of habit, and the elegance
and perfume of its flowers. The pseudobulbs are about an
inch and a half high, ovate acute, becoming much wrinkled,
the leaves about six inches long, oblong-lanceolate, and of a
lively green, and the flowers five or more together in a droop-
ing raceme. The flowers are of pale straw colour or waxy white
with green veins, and they emit a most grateful perfume, which
has been compared to that of lemons or roses. The lip is very
peculiar in structure ; it is trifid, the side lobes erect with
bent borders, rhomboid and denticulate, the middle lobe with a
short broad linear stalk, expanded into a subreniform blade
with crisped and toothletted edges. — Bemerara ; Panama.
FlG.—Gard. Chron., N.3., vii. 301, fig-. 50, 51.
170 oeohid-gkower's manual.
CaTTLEYA, Lindley.
( Tribe Epidendrese, subtribe Laelieaa.)
The species of this popular genus rank among our finest
Orchids ; they are general favourites, and we are glad to find
that they are now being extensively introduced and cultivated,
and that new species and varieties are being obtained
through the unflinching energy of our hybridisers and col-
lectors. The pseudobulbs are in many cases elongated and
thickened, assuming the form of club-shaped stems ; and
the dark massive evergreen foliage when in a healthy con-
dition, together with the compact habit of growth, renders the
plants peculiarly attractive. Some of the sorts have only a
single leaf at the top of each stem, while others have two,
and in some instances three. The flowers are large, elegant
in form, and scarcely surpassed in this brilliant family for
their sparkling richness and depth of colour, the most frequent
tints of which are violet, rose, crimson, magenta, white,
yellow, mauve, and purple, with their intermediate shades.
The flower scape, which is enclosed in a sheath, rises from
the top of the stem, and a single spike sometimes contains
as many as nine perfect flowers — we have seen as many as
thirty.
The whole of the Cattleyas are on scientific grounds
referred by Prof. Reichenbach to E2ndendrum ; but it is not
necessary to overload our pages by quoting this synonymy.
Culture. — The plants generally begin to make their growth
for the next season as soon as the flowering is over ;
but some of them, such as C. Walkeriana, C. violacea, C.
superba, and several others, flower while making their growth.
We have found Cattleyas thrive best in pots and baskets,
with the exception of C, Walkeriana, C. marginata, C. citrina,
CATTLEYA. 171
C. AclandicB, C. superba, and other small growing kinds, which
grow best on blocks with a small quantity of moss, or in
small pans with the same compost as for pots. If the accom-
modation is limited, all the kinds may be grown on blocks,
but they will then require more attention, and seldom thrive
so well as they do in pots or baskets. They require a good
depth of drainage ; so that the pots or pans should be filled
about half full of potsherds, and these covered with a layer
of moss, the remaining space being filled up with peat,
a few lumps of charcoal being added, taking care always to
have the plants elevated well above the rim.
We grow nearly all the Cattleyas in the Brazilian house,
and are accustomed to give them a good supply of heat and
atmospheric moisture, and not too much water at the roots
while they are growing. Water applied to the roots about
three times a week will be sufficient for those in the most
vigorous state of growth ; too much water is apt to cause the
bulbs to rot. We find it a good plan, while the Cattleyas are
in vigorous growth during the summer months, to frequently
syringe between the pots on every fine warm day. So long as
the soil remains moist, no water is required ; and when the
surface of the soil becomes dry, water should be applied to
the roots — not to the bulbs, as it is apt to injure them greatly.
When the plants have made their growth they should be
allowed to rest, and be kept rather dry, giving them just
sufficient water to prevent their shrivelling.
Cattleyas require all the hght possible, therefore a thin
shading should be used ; even this need only be lowered when
the sun is shining during the hottest part of the day, as a
little morning or afternoon sun, say up till eight o'clock in
the morning and after four or five in the afternoon, in the
summer time, will be found very beneficial to them; also
keep the plants as near the light as possible, and give them
H 2
172
ORCHID -GROWER S MANUAL.
plenty of ventilation during fine weatlier, but avoid cold
draughts.
A season of rest is very advantageous to the plants, causing
them to flower more freely and to grow more vigorously
afterwards. Those plants which are growing on blocks
will require a good supply of water at their roots every
CATTLETA ACLA^TDIvE.
day during summer, and twice or three times a week in
winter.
Cattleyas require to be kept perfectly clean and free from
insects. They are subject to the white scale, which should
never be allowed to establish itself, as it is then difficult to
remove, and the plants are in great danger of being injured.
Jn order to keep the plants free, they should be carefully looked
CATTLEYA. 173
over every three or four weeks, and sponged with clean water
of the same temperature as that of the house. They are also
subject to the attacks of thrips ; this pest should be kept
down by fumigating with tobacco paper. They are propagated
by dividing the plants.
The following list comprises the most beautiful and
valuable species and varieties of this splendid genus ; and
a collection which embraces these will seldom if ever be
without one or more of them in flower.
C. Aclandise, Lindley. — A charming Orchid, of dwarf habit,
the terete striated stems seldom being above six inches high,
and crowned by a pair of fleshy oblong elliptical leaves. The
flowers are large, olive-green, heavily blotched with dark
purple, the lip magenta purple, with darker veins, and the
exposed column dark purple. It flowers in June or July,
and remains long in perfection. There are some fine specimens
of this plant in the country. It is a species apparently subject
to much variation, some plants proving very free-flowering,
though it is generally rather shy-blooming, and difiicult to
cultivate, and is best grown in a small basket, or on a block,
and as near the glass as possible. — Brazil.
YiG.—Bot. Reg., 1840, t. 48 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5039 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., ix. 1,
with tab. ; Fl. des Serves, t. 674 ; Orchid Album, ii. t. 69; ///. Hoj-t., t. 565 ;
Bateman, 2nd Centniry, t. 119.
C. amabilis, Hort. — A magnificent free-flowering species,
growing about eighteen inches high, making two growths in
one year, and blooming from the one that is formed in spring,
the spikes producing from three to five blossoms, which remain
about four weeks in perfection. The sepals and petals are
deHcate pink, and the lip is large, of the richest crimson.
Undoubtedly the finest of the group represented by C. inter-
media, which it closely resembles ; it blooms during the sum-
mer months, and makes a fine exhibition plant. Very rare. —
Brazil.
C. Amesiana, Hort. — A hybrid obtained by Messrs.
Veitch & Sons, and exhibited by them in December, 1883,
at one of the meetings of the Boyal Horticultural Society.
It is a cross between C. crispa and C. maxima, and has
flowers very similar in form to those of C. exoniensis. The
17-t okchid-grower's manual.
sepals and petals are blush white, the lip rich magenta
crimson ; it flowers in December. — Garden hybrid.
C. ametliystoglossa, Linden et Rchb. f. — A beautiful and
distinct species, growing from two to three feet high, in the
way of C. Leopoldii, with terete stems, slightly thickened
upwards, and two oblong-lanceolate leaves on the top of the
stems, from between which are produced spikes with seven to ten
flowers,, each measuring more than five inches across ; indeed
we have had them when very strong with as many as twenty-
seven flowers. The sepals and petals are sufiused with light
rose, and spotted with rich magenta purple, while the lip is
deep magenta purple. It blooms in March, April, and May,
and will last five weeks in perfection. There have been a
good many plants of this beautiful species imported during
the last few years, and many varieties have bloomed ; indeed it
is seldom that two plants flower exactly alike. See note
under C. guttata Prinzii. — Brazil.
¥10.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, i. t. 2 ; Bot. Mag.,t. 5683; 111. Hort., t.538;
Rev. Hort., 1869, 212, with tab.
C. amethystoglossa SUlplmrea, Hort. — A very pretty variety
of this fine Orchid, resembling in every respect the plant
figured in Mr, Warner's book above quoted as C. amethysto-
glossa, except that the ground colour of the flower is of a pure
lemon colour, the spotting being as in the type ; the lip is
broad, and of a rich cream colour. — Brazil.
Fig.— Gard. Chron., 1866, 315, with fig. (?)
C. aurea. — See Cattleya Dowiana aurea.
C. Mcolor, Lindley. — A beautiful and free-flowering Orchid
of vigorous growth, with slender terete striated stems eighteen
inches to two feet high, diphyllous, the leaves oblong-
lanceolate, and the flowers on a terminal peduncle. The sepals
and petals are pale green, with a lurid coppery brown tinge,
the oblong-cuneate lip rich rose purple, remarkable from the
absence of side lobes, the exposed column being pink. It blooms
in September, producing as many as eight or ten flowers on a
spike, and remaining a long time in perfection. There were
two beautiful varieties of this plant in the collection of the
late T. Dawson, Esq., of Meadow Bank. — Brazil.
Fm.—Bot. Mag., t. 4909; Diet, of Gard., 281, fig. 384; Sertum Orch.,
t. 5 ; Lem. Jard. Fl, t. 379.
CATTLEYA.
175
C. Boissieri, Hort. — In this handsome species the leaves
are of a short broad oblong form, and the flowers have soft
rosy-lilac sepals and petals, and a broad lip with a beautiful
curving yellow blotch extending half-way down and nearly
across it. — Neic Grenada.
C. Bluntii, Low. — This is truly a most chaste and beautiful
Cattleya. It was first flowered by John Day, Esq., Tottenham,
and was named after the collector, Mr. H. Blunt. In its stems
and leaves, as well as in the habit of growth, it resembles
C. Mendelii, and the flowers are also similar in form to those
of that species. The sepals and petals are pure white, and
the lip white, with a yellow stain in the throat ; it flowers
during the summer months. — Colombia.
C. Brabantige, Veitch. — This is one of the Messrs. Veitch
and Sons' hybrids, the result of a cross between C. Acland.i<z
and C. Loddigesii, and requires the same treatment as its
parents, which are both natives of the warmer parts of Brazil.
It is a sturdy dwarf-growing variety, with terete stems, a pair
of ligulate-oblong leaves, and comparatively large flowers, in
which the rose-coloured sepals and petals are thickly blotched
with blackish purple, and the lip has its lateral lobes white,
curved over the broad rose-coloured column, and its front
lobe retusely reniform, of a magenta purple. It was first
exhibited at the Brussels International Show in 1864. —
Garden hybrid.
'Fig.— Floral Mag., t. SCO.
C. Brymeriana, Rchb. f. — This is a fine novelty, introduced
by Messrs. Low & Co., and named in honour of W. E. Brymer,
Esq., M.P,, Ilsington House, Dorchester. It is similar in
growth to a short-bulbed Lalia elegans, the flowers being
medium sized ; the sepals and petals are of a pale rosy purple,
and the lip — which has a narrow closely-folded tubular base
nearly two inches long, yellowish below, and pale lilac with
the front part veiny magenta-purple above, and a clear yellow
throat cut off abruptly in front — has the anterior lobe trans-
versely roundish oblong, emarginate, and of a rich magenta-
purple ; this anterior lobe is remarkable for its squareness. —
Brazil.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iv., t. 184.
C Brysiana. — See L^lia Brysiana.
176 orchid-geower's manual.
C. bulbosa. — See Cattleya Walkeriana.
C. caluinniata, Andre. — A very beautiful and distinct
hybrid, raised by M. Bleu of Paris, between C. amethystina
and C. AclandicE. The stems are stronger than those of C^
Aclandm. The sepals and petals are blush white, spotted
with violet-purple, as in C. mnetkystocjlossa, and the lip is a
rich violet-purple in the centre, passing to a lighter tint of the
some colour on either side. This plant is said to flower twice
a year. — Garden hybrid.
YlG.—Eevue Sort., 1883, 564, with tab. ; Oixhid Album, iv. t. 166.
C. Candida, Hort. — A desirable free-growing species, allied
to C. intermedia. It grows about a foot high, making two
growths in a year, and blooms from both, producing three or
four flowers on a spike ; the sepals and petals are white,
delicately shaded with pink, and the lip is of the same colour
with a dash of yellow in the centre. It flowers from July to
November, and lasts three or four weeks in good condition, if
the flowers are kept free from damp. This plant has become
very rare in cultivation. — Brazil.
C. Clianiberlainiaiia, Bchb. f. — This new hybrid Cattleija
is a cross between C. i/uttata Leopoldii and C. Vowiana, and
is named in honour of the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain,,
M.P. The growth of the plant resembles that of Leopoldii,.
but is considerably dwarfer. The flowers have brownish
purple sepals, rich purple petals, and a lip like Leopoldii
of a rich purple -magenta ; it flowers in the latter part of the
summer. — Garden hybrid.
C. chocoensis, Linden et Andre. — A very handsome but
variable species, with oblong clavate stems, solitary oblong-
cuneate emarginate leaves, and large fragrant flowers, which
are not expanded like the majority of Cattleyas, but somewhat,
campanulate in shape ; the sepals and petals are large and
broad, fringed at the edges, pure white, the lip yellow, stained
in front with rich magenta-purple. The different varieties of
this species appear to vary considerably in their colour and
markings ; thus in some the yellow is much reduced, and
the purple tint predominates, even extending over the lateral
lobes. The half-closed flowers, however, are always character-
istic.— Neiv Grenada: Choco.
'EiG.—ni. Hort., 3 ser., t. 120.
CATTLEYA. 177
C. citrina, Lindley. — A beautiful dwarf plant, with small
ovate pseudobulbs and a pair of ligulate-lanceolate glaucous
leaves. The flowers, which are large for the size of the plant,
are bright yellow, fragrant, and produced from the top of the
bulb, sometimes in pairs ; it blooms from May to August, and
lasts three or four weeks in perfection. This is best grown on
a block of wood ; the plant should be tied to the block, with
the leaves hanging downwards, as it is found growing beneath
the branches of trees in its native country. It succeeds best
in the Mexican house, as near the glass as possible. —
Meodco.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 3742 ; Pescatorea, t. 9 ; Flore des Serves, t. 1689 ;
Warner, Set. Orch. PI, iii. t. 18.
C. crispa, lAndley.- — A splendid free-growing Orchid with
one-leaved subcylindraceous angulate stems about a foot and a
half high, flowering in July, August, and September ; the flowers
have the sepals and petals blush white, and the lip white, with
a rich crimson stain on the front lobe. A single spike
frequently produces four or five flowers, which continue in
perfection for two or three weeks. This is a fine plant for
exhibition in July and August. The colour of the flower is
remarkably attractive, and it always produces a good effect in
a collection. — Brazil.
YlG.—Bot. Reg., t. 1172 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3910; Paxt. Mag. Bot.,Y. 5, with
tab. ; Belg. Hort., iv. t. 11.
Syn. — Lcella crispa.
here undoubtedly the finest form of this grand Orchid ; it is
named in honour of J. Buchanan, Esq., of Oswald Eoad,
Edinburgh, a great enthusiast among Orchids. In habit of
growth it resembles the type, but the flowers are much larger,
and the lip, instead of being pointed and much curled, is very
broad and well opened, of a rich purplish crimson. — Brazil.
'ElG.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 81.
C. crispa delicatissima, Williams. — This chaste variety
was first flowered by Sir T. Lawrence, Bart., M.P., but since
then several plants have passed into our hands. It resembles
the type in every respect, except that the flowers are pure
white, save a few faint markings of rose on the lip which are
almost invisible. A very unique plant, flowering in July and
August. — Brazil.
H 3
178
OKCHID-GKOWER S MANUAI..
C. crispa purpurea, Williams. — A superb variety of vigorous
habit, producing very large flowers, which have the sepals and
petals white with a faint tinge of blush, and the much broader
blunter lip richly blotched with deep purple breaking out into
radiating lines towards the margin. — Brazil.
Stn.
■Warne?', Sel. Orch. PL,
-Lcelia erispa purpurea.
CATTLEYA CRISPA.
C. crispa SUperba, Hort. — A magnificent variety, the flowers
of which are larger than those of the type, and have the
sepals and petals pure white, and the lip rich crimson, beauti-
fully fringed. We consider this, when true, to be one of the
finest Cattleyas in cultivation, but many are sold under tbe
name which have no claim to it. It blooms in July and August,
and will last from two to three weeks in beauty. — Brazil.
C. Dawsoni, Warner. — This very fine and rare Cattleya,
named in honour of the late T. Dawson, Esq., of Meadow
Bank, in whose splendid collection it first flowered, appears as
CATTLEYA
OLOSA.
CATTLEYA. 179
if it were an intermediate form between C. labiata and C.
MossicB. It grows a foot or more bigh, tbe leaves being of a
dark green colour, and of unusual tbickness. Tbe very large
flowers are produced in clusters of tbree or four, and are as
mucb as six or seven incbes in diameter ; tbe sepals and petals
• delicate purplisb rose ; tbe lip large, its upper part straw colour
or yellow, tbe rest being of a beautiful deep roseate bue, and
fringed at tbe margin. Tbe flowers are of good substance,
and consequently last a long time in perfection. It is one of
tbe grandest of its class, and is beautifully figured in Mr.
Warner's splendid volume, quoted below. — Supposed to be
from Brazil.
'Fm.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI., i. 1. 16.
C. Devoniana, Veitch. — Tbis beautiful bybrid, for wbicb we
are indebted to tbe skill of Mr. Dominy, is in growtb like
L(Blia elegans, forming tbin terete stems, eacb bearing
two leaves some six or eigbt incbes long. Tbe flowers are
upwards of five incbes in diameter, and are produced in Sep-
tember ; tbe sepals and petals are wbite, tinged witb pink,
"whicb becomes deeper towards tbe points, and tbe lip is
deep rosy purple. — Garden hybrid.
C. dolosa, Pichh. f. — A very pretty dwarf-growing species,
witb tbe subfusiform stems five or six incbes long, tbe leaves
oblong, in pairs, about four incbes long and two and a balf
incbes broad ; tbe flowers are of a beautiful rosy magenta
colour, witb a yellow disk to tbe lip, wbicb bas tbe side lobes
very mucb developed. Tbis species is nearly allied to C.
Walkeriana, and is sometimes regarded as a variety of tbat
species, but differs in flowering from tbe apex of tbe
pseudobulb and not from a leafless bulb, as in C. Walkeriana.
— Brazil: Minas.
YlG.— Gard. Chron., N.S., t. 430, figs. 78, 79.
C. Dominiana, Lindley.—A beautiful acquisition, obtained as
a bybrid between C. labiata and C. amethystina, tbe latter a
form of C. intermedia. In babit it somewbat resembles Lalia
elegans, but is less robust. Tbe flowers are six incbes in
diameter. Tbe sepals and petals are wbite, delicately sbaded
witb pink, tbe lip rosy purple, edged witb wbite, and baving
a deep orange blotcb'in tbe ihros^i.— Garden hybrid.
C. Dominiana alba, Veitch. — Tbis plant resembles C. Domi-
niana in all but tbe colour of tbe flowers, in wbicb tbe sepals
180 gechid-geower's manual.
and petals are broad, white, faintly shaded with lavender, and
the lip is pure white, with a lilac lalotch in the centre, — Gar-
den hybrid.
'Fig.— Floral Mag., t. 367.
C. rommiana lutea, Veitch . — An elegant variety, in which
the flowers have the sepals and petals of a delicate blush, and
the lip white in front, sufiused with yellow, the disc being;
yellow, streaked with rose. — Garden hybrid.
C. Dowiana, Bateman. — This superb species was imported
from Costa Rica in 1864, and flowered the following autumn..
It has stout clavate sulcate monopbyllous stems, about a foot
high, oblong obtuse leaves, and very large flowers, of whick
the sepals and petals are of a bright nankin colour, suffused on.
the under sides with crimson, and the lip a rich bright dark
crimson-purple, beautifully streaked with gold. C Doiviana
is undoubtedly the most gorgeous of its family, bearing spikes
of five or six flowers each. We do not find this plant so free-
blooming as others, and only a very few people grow it welL
We have bloomed fine plants, but have found them best grown
in baskets as near the light as possible, at the warmest end of
the Cattleya house, and they must have a copious supply of
water during the growing season. This is a plant that no
collection should lack. — Costa Paca.
YlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5618 ; Warner, Bel. Orch. PL, ii. t. 27 ; III. Eort., t.
525 ; Flore des Serves, tt, 1709—10; Bateman, 2nd Cent., t. 191 ; Jennings^
Orch., t. 33 ; Belg. Eort., 1869, tt. 13—14.
C. Bowiana aurea, Williams andMoore. — A very beautiful and
distinct form of C. Dowiana, difiering from the type in its
being devoid of crimson on the sepals and petals, and in the
lip having more yellow in it ; the sepals and petals are prim-
rose yellow, the lip rich velvety purple-crimson, distinctly
veined with golden yellow ; it flowers during the autumn, and
lasts for a couple of weeks in beauty. We have found this
variety more free-flowering than C. Doiviana. — Colombia.
-piG— Orchid Album, ii. t. 84 ; Illust. Eort., 3 ser., t. 493.
Stn. — Cattleya aurea.
C. EditMana, IVamer. — A splendid variety, in habit like
C. Mossia, and growing a foot high, with dark green foliage.
The flowers are very large, measuring from six to seven inches
in diameter ; the sepals and petals are light mauve, and the lip
also is mauve, striped with white, the discal part bufi". The
CATTLEYA.
181
flowers are produced in May and June, and remain in perfection
three or four weeks. The only example we have seen of this
is in the collection of Mr. Warner, at Broomfield. — BraziU
C. Eldorado, Linden. — This species is a very beautiful object,
and a valuable addition to our Orchid collections. In growth
it resembles C. quadricolor. Its short clavate stems terminate
in a solitary oblong-ligulate leaf and a two-flowered peduncle,
the flowers being remarkable for their somewhat narrow sepals
and petals, which are white just tinted with pink, the lip white
at the base, where it is closely folded round the column, the
expanded portion lobed and crenate at the edges, deep purplish
magenta in the front, half the throat being heavily stained
with orange. Its flowers are produced during the late summer
and early autumn months. — Fiio Negro.
Ym.— Flore des Serres, t. 1826.
C. Eldorado alba. — See Cattleya \^KGINALIs.
C. Eldorado splendens, Linden. — This is a very beautiful
and superior form of the preceding, with very large flowers.
The sepals and petals are clear rose, the latter broad and
serrated at the edges, the lip large, emarginate, having a rich
deep orange throat, succeeded by a circle of white, which is
again followed by rich violet-purple, extending to the front and
round the whole margins, where it is finely saw-toothed. The
front portion of the lip has somewhat of a quadrate outline.
It is a most desirable plant, and should be in every collection.
— Pdo Negro.
YiG.—IUust. Eort., 3 ser,, t. 7.
G. Eldorado ornata, Bchb. f. — This new variety, which
flowered in 1883 with W. Lee, Esq., Downside, Leather-
head, has very dark purple sepals and petals, and a large dark
purple blotch covering the end of each petal ; the lip is as in
the type ; it flowers during the autumn months. — Pdo Negro.
C. exoniensis, Rchb. f. — A splendid garden hybrid, obtained
in the nursery of Messrs. Veitch & Sons, and for the raising
of which we are indebted to Mr. Dominy. It had for its
parents C. MossicB (seed parent) and Lcdia purpurata, and
like them has clavate monophyllous stems, and gorgeous
flowers. The sepals and petals are in shape like those of
C. MossicB, and tinted with delicate blush ; the lip is much
182 OBCHID- GEO wee's MANUAL.
enlarged in front, undulated, and of an intense rich velvety
rose-purple with a white margin, the throat deep orange or
golden yellow, with two purplish veins in the central part of
the base, and the broad anterior part traced over with darker
veins. It blooms in August and September. There are several
variations amongst the seedlings, differing much in colour. —
Garden hybrid.
Fis. — Floral Mag., t. 269 ; Warner, Sel, Orch, PL, ii. t. 36 ; Jennings,
Orchids, t. 1.
Syn. — Lmlia exoniensis.
C. fausta, Bchb.f. — A charming hybrid, the happy result of
a cross between C. exoniensis and C. Loddigesii, the latter the
seed-bearing parent. The plant is intermediate in character
between the parents. It has flowers of a pretty rosy lilac colour ;
the lip white with a large j^ellow disk, extending the whole length
of the throat, tipped with crimson. It blooms about the end of
November, and on that account will be very valuable. This
was raised in Messrs. Veitch & Sons' nursery at Chelsea. In
one variety noticed by Professor Keichenbach under the
name of radians there are numerous dark purplish bars or
streaks radiating from the centre of the lip, and distributed
over the whole of the anterior portion. This variety is repre-
sented in the Gardeners' Chronicle (as quoted below) at fig.
51a. — Garden hybrid.
¥lG.~Gard. Chron., 1873, 289, fig. 57. The figure in Floral Mag.2seT., t.
189, given under this name, cannot be a true representation of the plant.
C. Gaskelliana, Rchb.f. — A gi-and addition to the already
numerous group allied to C. labiata, the well-rounded flowers
measuring seven inches across. In its manner of growth it
varies considerably, in some cases resembling C. Mossia and
C. Mendelii, and in others partaking of the broad leaf and
short bulb of C. Warneri. In the colouring and form of its
flowers it also varies considerably. The first blossoms of it
that were seen in this country much resembled a pale form
of C. Mendelii, othei's resembled the old and rare C.
labiata pallida, and we have seen some varieties as dark as
C. Warneri. The saddle-shaped blotch on the lip is in some
instances a bright deep yellow, approaching to orange, and in
others a lemon yellow. It is at any rate a most desirable
plant, be it species, sub-species, or variety, and will be found
useful in all collections, flowering as it does during the early
autumn months. It is named in honour of H. Gaskell, Esq.,
CATTLEY
AS EXHIBITED BY
"^■t^
5 -w
JIGAS.
T. LAWKENCE.
183
of Liverpool, a great admirer of this class of plants, and who
has a fine collection of them. — Brazil.
C. gigas, Linden et Andre. — This is undoubtedly one of
the finest Cattleyas known, its flowers being amongst the
largest and the most beautifully coloured, measuring seven to
eight inches broad, and nine to ten inches deep. It has short
fusiform stems, each bearing one oblong leathery leaf, and it
produces from four to five flowers on a peduncle. The flowers
are very handsome, the sepals and petals pale rose, and the
lip large and broad, of a rich deep purple or violet in front,
and having a large yellow eye-like blotch on each side of the
throat. The plant is not so free-flowering as many Cattleyas.
We have had the best success with it when it was grown in
a basket or pot suspended from the roof, as near the light
as possible, at the warm end of the Cattleya house. It flowers
in May, June, and July. — New Grenada.
^IG.—Ill. Hort., 3 ser., 1. 178 ; Floral Mag. ,2 ser., 1. 144 ; Warner, Sel. Orch.
PI, in. t. 7 ; Gard. Chron., N.S., xiv. 268, fig. 50 ; Id., xvii, 343, fig. 53.
C. gigas burfordiensis, Hort. — An exceedingly handsome
variety of this grand Orchid, exhibited by Sir Trevor
Lawrence, Bart., M.P. The flowers measure fully eight
inches across ; the sepals and petals are of a beautiful rosy
lilac colour, and the lip is large and flat, three inches in
diameter, and of a deep amethyst colour, margined with dark
rosy purple, the throat orange-coloured, and the portion
which encircles the column of a rich rosy purple. — Colombia.
C. gigas Sanderiana, i7o?t.— This is a fine form of C.
gigas, coming from a new locality. It resembles C. gigas in
growth, but frequently has red-tinted bulbs. It is, as far as
we have at present seen, a much freer-flowering form than the
type, and is equal in size and colour to the best forms of
C. gigas ; the lip is a deep magenta-purple. It flowers in
July and August. — Colombia.
Fig.— Gard. Chron., N.S., xx. 401, fig. 62.
C. granulosa, Lindley. — A free-growing species, having
slender terete stems, a pair of oblong lanceolate leaves, a.nd
large olive-green flowers, with rich brown spots ; the lip
whitish, spotted with crimson, and having its surface broken
up into numerous granulations. It blooms in August and
September, and remains long in perfection. This is not so
184 okchid-grower's manual.
showy as many of the Cattleyas ; but where there is room it is
worth growing, on account of its distinct colours. — Guatemala.
FiQ.—Bot. Beg., 1842, 1. 1 ; Bot. Mag., t. 6048 ; Annales de Gand, 1846,
t. 103.
C. guatemalensis, Moore. — A very distinct and pretty
Orchid, whose flowers, though not so large as those of many of
the species, are yet from their curious colour— which is in the
sepals and petals rosy purple and buff, and in the lip reddish
purple with an orange disk marked with a few crimson lines
— amply compensated for as to size, and being produced in
large racemes, the plant becomes a very desirable addition to
any collection. It is similar in habit to C. Skinneri, and requires
the same kind of treatment. — Guatemala.
Fig.— Floral Mag., t. 61.
C. guttata, Lindley. — A free-growing Orchid, attaining
about twenty inches in height, with slender terete stems, two
oblong fleshy leaves, and a nine to ten-flowered raceme of
handsome flowers, the sepals and petals of which are greenish
yellow beautifully spotted with crimson, the lip white stained
with purple. This is a very distinct species, and when well
grown will produce as many as nine or ten flowers on a spike.
It blooms in October and November, lasting two weeks in
perfection. — Brazil.
'Em.— Bot. Reg., t. 1406 ; Loddiges, Bot. Cab., t. 1715 ; Trans. Hort. Soc,
2 ser., ii. 177, t. 8 ; Annales de Gand, 1848, t. 175.
Syn. — C. sphenophora, C. elatior.
C. guttata Leopoldii, Linden et Bchb. f. — A charming
variety, whose terete stems reach about twenty inches in
height, and bear a pair of short dark green leaves ; it generally
has from six to ten flowers on a spike, and is a free-blooming
kind, producing its fragrant flowers after it has made its
growth. The sepals and petals are brownish or bronzy green,
spotted with crimson, the lip rich velvety purple. We have
seen this with thirty flowers on one head, a condition in which
it was exhibited at Regent's Park by Mr. Page, when gardener
to the late W. Leaf, Esq., Streatham, in whose collection it
was grown ; this was the finest spike we ever remember to
have seen. It continues in perfection about three weeks,
making a fine plant for exhibition on account of its distinct
colour. — Brazil : Bahia.
Fig.— Pescatorea, t. 43; III. Hort., t. 69 ; Orchid Album, i. 1. 16; Flm^e
des Sevres, tt. 1471—2.
185
C. guttata lilacina, Bchb. /.— This beautiful variety was
flowered by Sir T. Lawrence, Bart., M.P., in June, 1881. It
is quite distinct from the type, the sepals and petals being
blush white, irregularly spotted with magenta, and the lip
large and well fringed, of a bright magenta- crimson. It
flowers in June and July. — Brazil.
C. guttata Prinzii, Rchb. f. — A very beautiful and distinct
form, growing about a foot high, and having white sepals and
petals, which are flushed with rosy magenta, and faintly
spotted with a darker tint of the same colour, the broadly
expanded deeply crenate-lobed lip being of a bright purplish
crimson. It flowers in June and July. Prof. Reichenbach
quotes, as a synonym of this, the C. amethystoglossa of British
gardens, a view which his figure, here quoted, does not appear
to confirm ; nor does the habit of the plant, for C. ametlujsto-
(jlossa grows as much as three feet in height. C. guttata
Keteleeri seems from the figure to be the same as the present
variety. — Brazil.
Fig.— Xenia Orch., ii. t. 172 ; jRev. Hrn-t., l575, 350, with tab. (guttata
Keteleeri) .
C. guttata Williamsiana, Bchb./.— A fine variety, flowered
by W. Lee, Esq., Leatherhead. In this the lip is pale rosy
lilac, with dark rosy purple front lobe ; the sepals and petals
dull purple, faintly striped towards the margins, and in some
cases spotted with deep purple. Flowers in June. — Brazil.
C. Harrisoniaua, Bateman. — A free -growing Orchid, attain-
ing the height of twenty inches, and blooming in abundance
from July to October. The flowers, which will last in good
condition for three weeks, are of a beautiful rose colour,
having on the lip a slight tinge of yellow. This is a noble
plant, and amply repays the care required to grow it well. —
Brazil : Rio Jayieiro.
Fig. — Paxton, Mag. Bot., iv. 247, with tab. (HarrisoEeae) ; Annales de
Gand, 1845, t. 5.
C. Harrisoniaua violacea, Hort. — A charming variety, which
grows about two feet high, and makes two growths in one
year, flowering on both, in July, August, and September ; it
will last in bloom four weeks if keep in the coolest house.
The sepals and petals are of a beautiful violet, and the lip is
of the same colour, with a little yellow in the centre. It
186 orchid-grower's manual.
makes a fine exhibition plant, the colour being very different
from that of many other Orchids. — Brazil : Rio Janeiro.
C. intermedia, Gralunn. — A beautiful Orchid of the two-
leaved set, of neat habit, one to two feet high, and a free
grower. The sepals and petals are delicate rose colour, and
the lip is of a rich rosy purple. It blooms in May and June,
and lasts for three or four weeks in perfection if kept in a cool
place. This species frequently produces as many as nine flowers
on a spike, and makes a fine plant for the May and June shows.
There are several varieties of C. intermedia. — Brazil.
'FiG.—Bot. Reg., t. 1919 ; Bot. Mag., t. 2851 ; Maund, But., iv. t. 195 ;
Faxton, Mag. Bot.. i. 151, with tab. ; Lem. Jard. FL, t. 379 ; Ann. de Gand.,
1848, t. 201.
Stn. — C. amethyitina.
C. intermedia SUperha, Hort. — A splendid vai-iety, growing
about fourteen inches high, and making two growths in one
year, but only flowering from that made in the spring. The
sepals and petals are delicate rose, the lip broad and of the
richest purple ; from four to six blossoms are produced on a
spike. It makes a fine plant for exhibition, and will last
about four weeks in perfection. — Brazil.
C. intricata, Rchh. f. — In habit this species comes nearest
to C. intermedia, the flowers being somewhat intermediate
between Loilia elegans and C. intermedia ; the sepals and petals
are of the lightest whitish rose ; and the lip resembles that of
L. elegans jncta, only that the side lobes are white, and the blade
of the central lobe, which has an abrupt stalk, of the deepest
purple. It flowers in June and July. — Brazil.
C. labiata, Lindley. — One of the finest of the Cattleyas, a
free-blooming species, growing about twenty inches high. The
stems are club-shaped, monophyllous, and the flowers are
large, often six or seven inches in diameter, three or four on
a spike, with broad rose-coloured sepals and petals, and a
rich magenta-crimson lip. It blooms in October and November,
and will continue in perfection three or four weeks. The
finest specimen we ever saw was in the collection of the late
R. Hanbury, Esq., the Poles, near Ware, the plant being culti-
vated in a large tub, about two feet across. This superb
kind was first flowered by the late Mr. Cattley, of Barnet,
in honour of whom the genus is named. This species, though
one of the first introduced, is very rare, indeed there are very
few specimens of the true species in the country. Several
CATTLEYA. 187
beautiful forms such as Gaskelliana, PercivaHana, Warneri,
&c., are sometimes referred to as sub-species of C. lahiata,
but we have thought it more convenient to treat of them
under their separate names. — Brazil.
FiG.—Lindl. Coll. Bot., t. 33 ; Bot. Reg., t. 1859 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3998 ;
Loddiges, Bot. Cab., t. 1956 ; Hook. Ex. Fl.,t. 157 ; Paxt. Fl. Card., i. t. 24
(vars.) ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., iv. 121, with tab.; Id., vii. 73 (var. atropur-
purea), with tab.; Flore des Serves, tt. 1893 — 4; Jennings, Orch., t. 45;
Orchid Album, ii. t. 88 ; Knowles and Westc, Floral Cab., t. 26 ; Garten-
flora, t. 146 (var. superba).
C. labiata Candida, Hndley. — One of the finest of the
Cattleyas when well bloomed ; it grows about a foot high, and
has light green foliage. The flowers are large, but produced
sparingly, and often deformed, but when well expanded they
are magnificent, a single bloom sometimes measuring seven
inches across. The sepals and petals are pure white, while
the lip is of the richest crimson, beautifully fringed ; it flowers
during June and July, and will continue three or four weeks
in perfection. This was first flowered at Sion House, and is
hence often called the Sion House Cattleya. — Brazil.
Fig.— Paxt. Fl. Card., i. t. 24, fig. 1.
C. labiata pallida, Williams. — A beautiful variety, whose
growth is shorter than that of the preceding, and which blooms
in August. The leaves grow erect, and of a light green colour.
In the flowers the sepals and petals are light pink, and the lip
crimson, beautifully fringed. A useful variety on account of
its flowering earlier than C. lahiata, and if the flowers are kept
dry, it will remain three weeks in good condition. The finest
plant we ever saw of this variety is in the collection of the
Comte de Germiny in France ; this had at the time we saw it
no less that forty-eight expanded flowers, and did great credit
to M. Rondeau, the gardener. — Brazil.
Fig. — Orchid Album, iii. t. 121.
C. labiata Pescatorei, Hort. — A very beautiful variety, of
free-blooming habit, with light green foliage, and pale rose-
coloured flowers, with a rich crimson lip. This, which is
distinct from the old form of C. labiata, blooms during the
autumn, and continues three weeks in perfection. — Brazil.
C. labiata picta, Lindley. — A very charming variety, with
large flowers, which have the sepals and petals lilac-rose
blotched with crimson, and the lip of a very rich deep crimson.
188 ORCHID- grower's manuat,.
white on the margin on the upper side, where the lateral lobes
meet ; the petals are remarkably broad, — Brazil.
Fig.— Paxt. FL Gard,, i. t. 24, fig. 2.
C. Lemoniana, Lindley. — A pretty species in the way of
C. Mossm, but distinct in its growth, the leaves being shorter.
It grows about a foot high, and has light green foliage. The
flowers are pale pink, with yellow in the centre of the lip, and
are produced during the summer, lasting for three or four weeks
in bloom. Reichenbach includes it under C. lahiata. — Brazil.
Fm.—Bot. Reg., 1846, t. 35.
C. lobata, Lindley. — A charming species, very much like
C. crispa in growth, but shorter in both stem and leaf The
flowers are of an uniform deep rich rose. It is a shy-
flowering plant, producing its blooms in May and June, and
continuing about three weeks in perfection. This plant, which
one seldom meets with at exhibitions on account of its shy-
flowering properties, is exceptionally often seen in great
perfection at the Manchester shows, so famed for their
Orchidic displays. There is a variety called C. lobata superba,
which flowers more freely, and its spikes are larger. We
exhibited a fine plant of this variety with seven spikes of
blossom at our great International Horticultural Exhibition in
.—Brazil.
FKi.—Lindl. Card. Chron., 1848, 403, with woodcut.
Syn.— C. Boothiana,
C. Loddigesii, Lindley. — A free-flowering and desirable
species, which grows a foot or more in height, and has terete
stems, a pair of ovate-oblong leaves, and medium-sized
flowers, in which the sepals and petals are pale rose colour
tinged with lilac, and the lip light rose marked with yellow.
It blooms in August and September, producing three or four
flowers on a spike, remaining long in perfection. — Brazil,
Beanos Ayres.
Fig.— Loddiges, Bot, Cab., t. 337 ; Lindley, Coll. BoL, t. 37 ; HooJc, Ex. FL,
t. 186.
C. Loddigesii maculata, Williams. — A very pretty spotted
variety, having minute deep purple spots over the entire
surface of the flower ; very distinct. — Brazil.
C. Manglesii, Rchb.f. — A Veitchian hybrid, the result of a
cross between (J. speciosissima and C. Loddigesii. The flower is-
larger and brighter than in C. Loddigesii, and the lip is beauti-
CATTLEYA. 189
fully waved and toothed on the margin, white with a yellow
line on the disk, and two small pale purple blotches, light
purple on the margin, — Garden hybrid.
C. Mardellii, Seden^. — This fine hybrid has stems about
four and a half inches long, terminated by two leaves. The
sepals and petals are bright magenta, the lip three-lobed,
opening out on both sides of the column, the side lobes pale
magenta, almost white towards the middle ; down the centre of
the throat is a broad bright yellow stripe, while the front of
the lip is rich bright magenta-purple. A very handsome
high-coloured plant, flowering in June. Raised at Messrs,
Veitch & Sons'. — Garden hybrid.
Fig.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 437.
C. marginata, Pinel. — A handsome dwarf-growing species,
about six inches high, the stems cylindraceo-fusiform and
one-leaved. The flowers are large, usually solitary, but
sometimes two on a spike ; sepals and petals rosy crimson ;
lip deep rose, margined with white. It produces its blossoms
in September and October, and lasts three weeks in perfection.
It is a very desirable plant, and ought to be in every collection,
however small, as it requires but very little room. It grows
best suspended from the roof of the cool-house, on a block of
wood, with a Httle sphagnum moss, and it requires a good
supply of water at the root in the growing season. There
are many varieties of this species, and some of them are very
beautiful in colour. — Brazil.
¥iQ.—Paxton, Mag. Bot., x. 265, with tab. ; III. Hort., t. 193- Florist
1850, 91, t. 34.
Syn. — C.pumila major ; C. spectabilis.
C. Marstersoniae, Seden. — A hybrid raised at Messrs. Veitch &
Sons', between C. labiata and an unnamed seedling Cattleya.
The stems are about eight inches long, two-leaved, somewhat
resembling C. superba. The flowers are intermediate in aspect
between C. Loddigesii and C. labiata, amethyst-coloured, the
lateral lobes of the Up yellowish white with a delicate amethyst
border, and the middle lobe an intense rich purple. — Garden
hybrid.
C. maxima, Lindley. — A magnificent species, growing from
a foot to eighteen inches high, distinct in character, with fur-
rowed club-shaped stems, bearing two oblong submarginate
leaves, and producing from five to ten flowers on a spike in
November and December, continuing in perfection for three
weeks. The sepals and petals are bright rose, the hp richly
190 orchid-grower's manual,.
variegated, with dark crimson veins down the centre. Of this
species there are many varieties, and many plants have been
imported within the last few years. — Ecuador, New Grenada,
Qolomhia, Peru.
¥lG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4902 ; Bot. Reg., 18-46, 1. 1 ; Flore des Serres, t. 2136 ;
HI. Eort., 3 ser., t. 29 ; Bateman, 2nd Cent., t. 131 ; Xenia Orch., i. t. 95 ;
Gard. Chron., N.S., xxii., 620, fig. 108.
C. maxima apMehia, Bchh. f. — Flowers similar in shape
to those of the type, but having no purple veins upon the lip.
The yellow disc is surrounded by light purple. Imported by
Mr. Bull. — New Grenada.
C. maxima, Backlioiisei, Rchb. f. — A very distinct and
desirable variety, having plump short bulbs, with stiff upright
leaves. The flowers are much richer in colour than those of
the type. It was first flowered many years ago by Messrs.
Backhouse & Sons, of York. — Colombia.
C. Mendelii, Backhouse. — A very fine species of recent
introduction, having short clavate stems, solitary oblong
leaves, and very handsome flowers, something in the way of
C. TriancB. The sepals and petals are large and broad, vary-
ing in colour from white to a light pink, and the lip is large,
of a rich magenta colour; it flowers in April and May. This
is undoubtedly one of the finest introductions of late years,
and makes a very distinct plant for exhibition. There are
many very handsome varieties. — Colombia.
Fig.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 32.
C. Mendelii graildiflora,TFt^?t«'«-« and Moore. — A magnificent
variety of this species, with flowers eight inches across. The
sepals and petals are white, of fine substance, and very broad,
the lip broad and well fringed, rich magenta-rose, white and
frilled at the edge, the throat lemon yellow marked with pale
magenta-rose lines ; it flowers in May and June. — Colombia.
Fig. — Orchid Album, i, t. 3.
C. Mendelii Jamesiana, Hort. — A very beautiful form,
having deep blush sepals and petals, the latter marked at the
tips with a bright magenta stripe, widest towards the upper
end ; the lip is bright amethyst, the throat yellow veined
with dull purple. — Colombia.
Fig, — Orchid Album, iv. t. 178.
C. Mendelii snperbissima, Hort. — This gorgeous variety was
first flowered by R. Smith, Esq., Brentham Park, Stirling,
CATTLEYA. 191
and is probably the finest form of this beautiful Cattleya
in cultivation. The flowers are very large, and of fine
substance ; the sepals and petals broad, pale blush colour, the
lip rich bright amethyst, much crisped and frilled at the edge,
and the throat rich j^ellow. — Colombia.
C. Mitchellii, Rchb. f. — This fine hybrid is the result
of a cross between C. quadricolor and C. guttata Leopoldii,
obtained by Mr. Mitchell, gardener to Dr. Ainsworth, of
Manchester. It is of compact growth, the stems being about
a foot long, each bearing two leaves, of a dark green colour,
and considerably narrower than those of C. Leopoldii; the
sepals and petals purplish violet, with the front lobe deep
purple-magenta, and the lateral lobes light purple tipped with
the same colour as the front lobe of the lip ; disk orange,
edged with white at the sides. It is a very distinct plant,
and will form a fine addition to this lovely class. — Garden
hybrid.
'Em.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 337.
C. Morganse, Williams and Moore. — This is one of the most
chaste of all Cattleyas, and is named after Mrs. Morgan, of
New York, a great admirer of Orchids. In growth it resembles
C. Mendelii, and it flowers quite as freely. The sepals and
petals are snow white, the lip white, beautifully fringed, and
having a distinct bright magenta blotch towards the apex, the
throat orange-coloured with darker radiating stripes ; its
flowers are produced in May and June, and last siz weeks in
beauty. — Colombia.
Fig.— Orchid Album, i. t. 6.
C. Mossise, Hooker. — This magnificent and free- flowering
species has oblong furrowed stems, which grow a foot or more
high, are surmounted by solitary oblong leaves, and spikes of
several magnificent flowers ; the plants bloom from March to
August, and if kept in a cool place last in perfection for
three or four weeks. The flowers are very large, a single
one being six inches across, in some of the varieties still
larger, and three or four growing on one spike. There are
many varieties of this plant, with blossoms of various shades
of colour, from white and pale pink to crimson and rose
purple. This species makes a noble plant for exhibition.
We have seen specimens of C. Mossice at the Chiswick and
Regent's Park shows, with from thirty to forty flowers upon a
192 okchid-grower's manual.
single plant. Many of the varieties here recorded bloomed
in the rich collection of Robert Warner, Esq., who makes
this species one of his especial favourites, and where we have
seen as many as six hundred of these beautiful flowers open
together. Many of these forms are very distinct. The best
of those here noticed were named and described in the
Gardeners' Chronicle in 1864 by Mr. Thomas Moore, of the
Chelsea Botanic Garden. The varieties are all from the same
country as the parent. — La Guayra,
-piG.—Bot. Mag., t. 3669 ; Bot. Reg., 1840, t. 58 ; Gard. Chron., N.S., sx.
630, fig. 89.
C. M0Ssi86 Alexandrse, Williams. — A very distinct and
beautiful variety of the light-coloured section ; sepals and
petals pale blush ; lip white, distinctly spotted and veined with
bright magenta ; throat rich bright orange marked with
crimson-purple. These markings on the white ground give
to the flower a most distinct and charming appearance.
C. Mossiee Arnoldiana, Hon., Sander.— Thh variety was
flowered in 1884 by R. P. Percival, Esq., Southport. The lip
is rather narrow, the basal part having dark purple stripes,
the middle and anterior part, excepting the extreme front,
with a light mid line and very fine orange stripes on a lighter
ground ; front portion sulphur yellow, with a very few small
purple lines.
C. Mossise aurea, Moore. — A small-flowered variety, with
the sepals and petals blush, less spreading than in most other
forms ; lip small, strongly marked with buff-orange at the
base, extending forward at the front edge, and having broken
violet-rose lines in the centre, surrounded by a very broad
pale margin, which is almost white inwards, and tinged with
blush on the extreme edge.
C. Mossise aurea grandiflora, Moore. — A large-flowered
form ; sepals and petals blush ; lip marked with a bar and a
few broken lines of violet-rose, very much stained with orange
at the base, and towards the upper part of the margin.
C. MoSSise aureo-marginata, Moore. — Large-flowered ; se-
pals and petals deep blush ; lip with deep violet-rose centre
and yellow base, the yellow stain continued so as to form a
broad margin to the upper expanded portion of the lip.
193
C. Mossise Blakei, Moore. — Sepals and petals deep blush,
the latter frilled towards the points ; lip orange-bufF at the
base, and mottled violet-rose in front, the markings passing
out nearly to the edge, so that there is no sharply-defined
pale frill.
C. Mossise COmplanata, Moore. — A large-flowered variety,
remarkable for the almost total absence of frilliness on the
petals, and especially on the lip ; sepals and petals rather
deep blush ; lip broad and spread out at the apex, a good
deal stained with orange at the base, but faintly mottled and
veined with purple over the centre, leaving a broad pale blush-
tinted edge.
C. MoSSise COnspicua, Moore. — Large-flowered ; sepals and
petals blush ; lip richly marked with violet-rose, dashed with
orange at the base, and having an irregular broadish pallid
border ; it blooms in great profusion.
C. Mossise elegans, Moore. — Rather small in size, but lively
and effective in colouring ; sepals and petals deep blush ; lip
small, with bright orange-yellow base, and the central portion
marked sparingly with veins of violet-rose surrounded by a
broad pale edge.
C. Mossise fimbriata, Moore. — One of the largest-flowered
of the whole series, and prettily though not heavily marked ;
sepals and petals rather pale blush, the latter broad and a
good deal frilled throughout ; lip very much frilled, marked
with a bright orange stain at the base, and in front decorated
with broken veins of violet-rose on a white ground, the
extreme edge being blush ; the lip is thus distinctly edged
with blush.
C. Mossiae flammea, Moore. — Rather small, but richly
coloured, the petals and lateral sepals less spreading than
in other forms ; sepal and petals deep blush, the latter frilled
towards the tip ; lip small, very deep rich orange at the
opening, dense violet-rose in the centre, the orange inter-
mingling therewith, and producing a fiery crimson, the purple
broken up with white in front, and irregularly margined with
blush.
C. Mossiae grandiflora, Moore.— A large-flowered variety ;
sepals and petals blush, the petals less frilled than in some
194 orchid-geower's manual.
forms ; lip a deep rich purple-rose, slightly stained at the
base with orange, and having a narrow even edge of pale
blush.
YlG.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, iii. t. 16, fig. 1.
C. Mossiffi grandis, Moore. — The largest of all the forms in
respect to the size of its lip ; sepals and petals pale blush ;
lip mottled violet-rose, with an irregular blush-coloured edge ;
the base stained with buif-orange. This is beyond doubt one
of the finest varieties of C. Mossia.
C. Mossise Hardyana, Williams and Moore. — The most re-
markable and handsome form of C. Mossice that has yet come
under our notice. It is named in honour of G. Hardy, Esq.,
Timperley, The flowers are large, having very irregular
markings ; sepals and petals pale blush rose, irregularly
blotched and veined with magenta-purple ; lip beautifully
frilled, the front portion striately marked with rich magenta-
purple, surrounded by an irregular margin of white, traversed
by veins of pale purple ; throat orange-yellow. Like the
rest, it flowers during the summer months.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iii. t, 125.
C. Mossiae Helenas, Moore. — Kemarkable for its high-
coloured flowers ; sepals and petals deep blush, mottled with
dark purple-rose ; the lip a rich motley purple, orange at the
base, and parti-coloured at the margin.
C. Mossise kermesina marginata, Williams. — This magnifi-
cent variety has rich peach-coloured sepals and petals, with a
large beautifully fringed carmine lip, edged with white.
C. Mossise Lawrenceana, Moore. — Large-flowered, with
erect stalks ; sepals and petals blush, the petals very broad
and considerably frilled ; lip large, rich deep violet-rose,
slightly stained with orange in the interior, veined and
mottled in front, with a narrowish and nearly even frill of
blush. It is in the way of the variety splendens, but rather
smaller in the lip, with the throat more expanded.
C. Mossise magniiica, Williams. — In this variety the flowers
are of a very fine form, from eight to nine inches in diameter ;
sepals and petals of a deep rose colour ; lip orange, streaked
with purple. Like all the varieties of C. Mossice, if kept free
from the damp, it will remain a long time in bloom.
CATTLEYA, 195
C. Mossiae majestica, Williams. — This is a remarkably fine
flower ; the sepals and petals are broad, the latter measuring
upwards of nine inches from tip to tip, and of a dark rose-
colour ; lip large and spreading, having the edge beautifully
fringed ; ground colour dark rose, stained at the base with
soft orange, and variously blotched and streaked in front with
violet-purple. In habit of growth it is also very distinct ; the
pseudobulbs are about three inches high, bearing a broad
single leaf some six inches long.
C. MoSSise Marianse, Moore. — Small-flowered, but very dis-
tinct and chaste, and very rare ; sepals and petals white ; lip
with a bright yellow stain at the base, prettily mottled with
violet-rose in the centre, and broadly and evenly margined
with white. Although this variety is not so large-flowered as
many others, it is one of the most elegant and pleasing of all
the kinds, and is worthy of a place in every collection.
Fig.— Warney; Sel. Orch. PI, iii. t. 24.
C. MossisB marmorata, Moore. — One of the finest hght-
coloured sorts, and one of the largest-flowered ; sepals and
petals pale blush, the latter very broad ; lip large, light rose,
broken up into marbled markings covering the whole surface,
except a narrow fringe at the edge ; it is a good deal stained
with deep orange at the base, and the margin is not only
strongly frilled, but conspicuously fringe-toothed.
C. Mossise McMorlandii, Williams. — A fine variety, growing
about a foot high, and having dark green foliage. The flowers
are about six inches in diameter, the sepals and petals of a
beautiful light rose, the lip yellow and fringed ; it blooms in
June and July, and remains three or four weeks in perfection.
Very distinct, and makes a fine exhibition plant,
C. Mossise Mooreana, Warner. — A beautiful variety, well
marked by the clearly-defined narrow white border of its lip,
in the way of the var. Mariana; ; sepals and petals very pale
blush, lip dense violet-rose, moderately stained with orange
at the base, and having a narrow even frill of white.
C. Mossise Napoleonis, Moore. — A very telling variety from
its roseate tinge and the erect habit of its full-sized flowers ;
sepals and petals deep blush ; lip large, of a mottled purple
in front, and deep-orange at the base, with a broad margin of
pale blush.
I 2
196 orchid-geower's manual.
C. Mossise Pottsii, Williams. — A most lovely and unique
variety of this ever-varying species ; it was bloomed in 1884
by Arthur Potts, Esq., of Chester. The flower is about seven
inches in diameter ; the petals are broad blush, beautifully
feathered in the centre with a broad band of magenta-purple,
most irregular in shape, the sepals are marked in the same
way, the lip is large and broad, its anterior part deep magenta-
purple, broadly margined with blush white ; throat yellow.
C. Mossise purpurata, Moore. — Large-flowered ; sepals and
petals deep blush ; lip large, of a very dense and nearly
uniform violet rose, orange at the base, and having a pale
frill or margin.
C. Mossise Eeineckiana, Hort. — A very chaste and rare form,
iaaving flowers seven inches in diameter ; sepals and petals
of fine substance, pure white ; lip lilac-mauve, beautifully
fringed ; throat bright yellow veined with crimson-purple.
C. Mossiae EothscMldiana, Moore. — One of the larger-flow-
ered forms ; sepals and petals blush ; lip very bright orange
at the base, with rosy purple lines and splashes over the
centre, and a broad irregular white margin ; the petals are
finely denticulate.
YlG.— Warner. Sel. Orcli. PL, iii. t. IG, fig. 3.
C. Mossise splendens, Moore. — Large-flowered ; sepals and
petals blush ; lip rich full purple-rose, with orange base, the
margins blush, and very much frilled.
C. Mossige striata, Moore. — A curiously marked sort ; sepals
and petals deep blush, with paler veins, producing a motley
striated appearance ; lip motley rose, striped throughout
with dark purple-rose, the margin paler and venosely striated,
the orange tint confined to the base.
C. Mossise SUperba, Moore. — Dark blush sepals and petals,
the latter narrow and very slightly frilled ; lip large, promi-
nently stained with deep orange at the base, the front part
brighter, and the centre veined and somewhat mottled with
violet-rose, leaving a broadish irregular pale nrargin.
C. Mossise Tenosa, Moore. — A very handsome variety,
distinct-looking from there being very little orange present,
and from the markings of deep violet-rose being evenly dis-
tributed ; sepals and petals deep blush, the petals becoming
CATJLEYA. 197
paler towards the margin ; lip marked with lines of violet-
rose, beautifully fringed, extending nearly to the margin ; the
base very slightly stained with orange,
C. Mossise Yictorise, j\loore. — A very large and beautiful
variety ; the sepals and petals large, of a blush tint ; the lip
deep purple-rose, with bold orange markings at the base, and
narrow even margin of blush.
C. Mossise "Williamsii, Moore. — A large-flowered variety ;
sepals and petals blush white ; lip finely mottled with rose,
stained with orange at the base, and having a broad pale
margin ; the flowers are amongst the palest in the series, and
verj' beautiful.
C. noMlior, Fichh. f. — A very pretty species in the way of
C. Walkeriana, but having larger oblong bulb-stems and a
pair of oblong leaves ; the sepals and petals are delicate
rosy lilac, the lip of the same colour, having a large primrose-
coloured blotch. — Brazil.
FiG.—ni. Eort., S ser., t. 485 ; Card. Chron, N.S., xix. 728, fig. 120.
C. Percivaliana, Bchb. f. — This novelty is a distinct form
of the C. lahiata section, in the way of C. Mossicc, which it
resembles very much in growth. The flowers as far as we
have seen are, however, smaller than in that species, but are
darker and richer in colour in the best varieties. It is a
plant that varies very much. The sepals and petals are deep
blush, the lip much fringed, intense magenta-crimson margined
with blush pink, the throat richly marked with crimson and
golden yellow lines ; it flowers in January and February, —
Colombia.
Fig. — Orchid Album, iii. t. 14-i ; Gard. Chron., N.S., xxi. 178, fig, 35.
C. Percivaliana alba, Hort. — A pure white variety of this
novelty, first flowered by Mr, Percival in February, 1884,
and exhibited by him at South Kensington shortly afterwards ;
the sepals and petals are pure white, and the lip white with
an orange stain in the throat, — Brazil.
C. porphyroglossa, Linden et Bclib. f. — This is a most
distinct species, similar in growth to C. bicolor ; the sepals
and petals are Indian red sufl"used with yellow, the lip entirely
covered by lamellae and papulae, bright amethyst, the lateral
lobes covering the column pure white. — Brazil.
FlG.—Xenia Orch., ii, t. 171, t. 172, fig, 2.
198 okchid-geower's manual.
C. pumila, Hooker. — A charming free-blooming species with
very short oblong stems, about six inches high, bearing a
solitary oblong-lanceolate leaf, and flowering in September,
remaining for three or four weeks in perfection. The
blossoms are proportionately large, deep purplish hlac with a
purplish crimson lip, often edged with white. It is similar to
C. viarginata in its habit of growth. This plant succeeds best
in the cool house. — Brazil.
¥iG. —Bof. Mag., t. 3656 ; Bot. Reg., 1844, t. 5 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, ii.
t. 32 ; Gard. Chron., 1854, 804, with fig. (monstrous form).
Syn. — Lcelia pumila.
C. quadri color, Lindley. — A very rare and pretty species,
which grows about ten inches high, and produces its blossoms
on the young growths in May and June. The stems are
narrow compressed monophyllous, the leaves strap-shaped,
and the charming flowers have the sepals and petals light
rose and the lip rosy crimson edged with white, the throat
yellow. There are two varieties of this plant in cultivation.
— New Grenada.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5504 ; Batem. 2nd Cent, t. 108 ; 111. Hort., t. 514.
C. CiUinquecolor, Hort. — This pretty variety is the result of a
cross between C. Adandm and C. Forbesii. The sepals and
petals are light olive green spotted with brown and dark
chocolate ; the lip is carmine-rose veined with deeper rose,
and having an elongated bar of yellow on the disk. — Garden
hybrid.
'Fig.— Floral Mag., t. 511.
C. Eollissoni. — See Cattleya Wakscewiczii delicata.
C. Scllilleriaiia, Rchb. f. — A charming species, much like
C. AclandicB in growth ; the foliage is, however, darker and
rounder. It blooms during the summer months from the
young growths, the flowers being large, remaining in per-
fection three or four weeks, if kept dry. They are deep rosy
mahogany colour, in some forms spotted, the lip having
darker stripes and shadings and being edged with pink. —
Brazil.
Fig. — Bot. Mag., t. 5150 (var. concolor) ; Jennings, Orch., t. 25 ; Flore des
/Serres, t. 2286 ; Xenia Orch.,M.t. Ill (white-lipped); Florist, x.u.. I'd^, t.
3 53. (?)
C. ScMUeriana Eegnelli, Williams. — This is sometimes
considered distinct from the preceding, but although well
CATTLEYA. 199
marked, it is evidently very closely allied to that plant. The
stems are usually about four or five inches high, the leaves
in pairs, or sometimes in threes, thick, fleshy, and dark green.
The flowers are borne upon upright spikes, from three to five
in a cluster, measuring nearly four inches in diameter ; sepals
and petals somewhat oblong, spathulate, green sufi'used with
olive gi-een and spotted with brownish purple ; the front lobe
of the lip large, rich amethyst shaded with purple and bordered
with white, the base yellow, streaked with purple. It should
be placed upon a block with a little sphagnum moss, and
suspended from the roof at the warmest end of the Cattleya
house, shaded from the direct rays of the sun, and supplied
with water liberally during the growing season ; during the
winter less heat will suffice, but it must by no means be
allowed to get dry. It is a very desirable plant, as it blooms
twice in the year, first in the month of July, and again about
the end of September or the beginning of October. — Brazil.
Fig.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI., ii. t. 22.
Syn. — C. RegnelUi.
C. Scliofieldiana, Bchb. f. — This is a most handsome and
distinct addition to this popular genus, and was first flowered
by G.W. Law-Schofield, Esq., of Rawtenstall, near Manchester,
in honour of whom it was named by Professor Reichenbach. It
is an evergi'een species, having stems and leaves similar to
those of C. guttata Leopoldii, but not quite so strong as those
of that plant. The sepals and petals are pale tawny yellow,
having a flush of purple and a tinge of green, the whole of the
surface densely spotted with crimson-purple ; the lip is two
and a half inches long, covered with lamellae and papulas of
a bright magenta-purple, the lateral lobes white tinged with
rose ; it flowers in August. — Brazil.
YlG.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 93.
C. Sclirdcleriana, Bchb. f. — A very distinct and curious
Cattleya. The stems are nearly four inches higb, having
two well-marked joints, two leaved, the leaves oblong-ligulate.
The flowers are about the size of a good La^Ua majniis,
of a mauve-purple colour, somewhat in the way of C. clolosa,
but having thinner bulbs of equal thickness throughout, and
not spindle-shaped as in that species ; it flowers during the
summer months. — ? Brazil.
C. Sedeniana, Veitch. — A beautiful Veitchian hybrid, the
parents being C. crisjxi and C. granulosa ; it is tall in habit ;
200 okohid-grower's makual.
the flowers are large and handsome ; the sepals and petals are
light rose, shaded with green, and the lip has a white fim-
briated margin, and a purple centre with darker veins. A
desirable plant. — Garden hybrid.
C. Skinneri, Bateman. — A beautiful and free-flowering
plant, growing about a foot high, and blooming in March,
April, and May. The blossoms are rosy purple, and remain
three weeks in perfection, if kept dry. This fine species of
Cattleya, when grown strong, will produce as many as nine or
ten flowers on a spike. It is one of the finest Orchids that
can be grown for the May exhibitions, the colour being
distinct and different from that of any other Cattleya. One
of the finest plants of this species we ever saw was flowered
by G. Hardy, Esq., Pickering Lodge, Timperley, and had
numerous spikes, some bearing as many as ten flowers ; it was
in beautiful health, splendidly flowered, and measured some
three feet in diameter. This plant was named C. Skinneri
oculata. — Guatemala, Costa. Eica.
¥lG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4270 ; Bateman, Orch. Mex. et Guat., t. 13 ; Paxton,
Mag. Bot, xi. 193, with tab. ; Gard. Chron., N.S., xxi. 548, fig. 107.
C. Skinneri alba, Bchh. f. — A most charming and delicate
form of this flne Cattleya, having pure snow white flowers,
produced in the same Avay as those of the type. We
received a grand spike of this from Mr. Hill, gardener
to Sir Nathaniel de Rothschild, Tring Park, Tring. — Costa
Rica.
¥lG.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 112.
C. speciosissima Lowii, Anderson. — This is a very hand-
some form of the C. labiata section. The stems are oblong
and deeply channelled, each bearing an ovate shining leaf ;
flowers large, frequently measuring eight inches in diameter,
borne upon a somewhat short spike three or four together ;
sepals and petals broad soft flesh colour, the latter being the
broadest with erose edges ; the lip forms a circle, through
closing over the column, the front portion being of an intense
amethyst colour, varied with white and yellow markings
towards the centre, where are also several lines of bright
amethyst. It is a gem amongst Cattleyas, but it is not so
free-flowering as some of the other kinds. — Venezuela.
C. speciosissima regina, Bchb. f. — A distinct and handsome
variety, flowered by Sir T. Lawrence, Bart., M.P,, in 1884;
CATTLEYA TKIAN^.
CATTLEYA. 201
the ovary, column, sepals, and petals are of a rich purple
colour ; lip dark mauve-purple, having the two lateral yellow
spots usual in the type. Professor Reichenbach thinks this
one of the grandest Cattleyas ever seen. — Venezuela.
C. SUperba, Lindley. — This truly beautiful plant is a slow-
growing species, usually attaining ten inches high, with club-
shaped stems and a pair of short thick ovate-oblong obtuse
leaves. It flowers in June and July, and the blossoms, which
are very fragrant, and of a deep rose colour, with a rich
magenta-crimson lip, will remain in bloom for three weeks ;
it produces three to six flowers on a spike, and is a very
distinct species. It requires plenty of water at all times, and
should never be allowed to get into a shrivelled state — if so,
it is very difScult to restore it to a healthy condition ; it
requires more heat than the other Cattleyas, and is best grown
on a block of wood or basket with live sphagnum moss, but is
difficult to propagate. — British Guiana.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 4083 ; Serf.. Orch., t. 22 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., is. 265,
with tab. ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, i. t. 24 ; Flo7^e des Seri-es, t. 926.
C. SUperba splendens, Lemaire. — A distinct variety of the
preceding. The flowers are much larger, the sepals and
petals being considerably longer than in the form originally
introduced ; sepals and petals deep rich purplish rose ; lip
white at the base, magenta-crimson in front, and having in
addition several lines or crests of golden yellow towards the
middle. It is altogether a very distinct and handsome variety,
and forms a fine companion to the type when the two are
grown side by side. — Rio Negro.
Fig.— III. Eort., i. 605 ; OrcMd Album, i. t. 33.
C. TrianSB, Linden et Echb. f. — This lovely winter-blooming
Cattleya, of which there are an immense number of varieties,
all of them beautiful, and some of them particularly so, re-
sembles C. MossicB in its habit of growth, but generally attains
larger dimensions. The leaves are of a light green. The flowers
are produced during the winter months, and measure six to
eight inches in diameter. The sepals and petals are usually
blush ; the lip blush, or pale rose colour outside ; the throat
orange or yellow, and the front rich rosy purple, more or less
intense. This is considered by many to be a variety only
of C. Warscewiczii; hut whether a species, sub-species, or
I 3
£02 ORCHID- grower's manual.
variety, it is a really charming Orchid. The numerous
varieties all come from the same country. — New Grenada.
Fig. Orchid Album, i. t. 45 ; Diet, of Gard., 283, fig. 386.
C. Triange Atalanta, Marshall. — This extremely fine variety
was flowered by Mr. Wilson, gardener to W. Marshall, Esq.,
and was exhibited at one of the meetings of the Eoyal
Horticultural Society, when it received a first-class certificate.
The sepals are upwards of three inches long and about an
inch broad, white shaded with rose ; the petals are of the
same colour, but broader and less pointed ; the lip three
inches long, pale rose with a broad band of orange in the
throat.
C. Trianse Backhousiana, Backhouse. — A very chaste and
beautiful variety, which was imported by Messrs. Backhouse &
Son, of York. The sepals and petals are blush pink ; the lip
large, and having a large bright magenta stain on the anterior
part ; the throat marked with pale yellow. This is one of the
finest of the dark varieties, and bears very large flowers.
C. Triange Colemanili, Williams. — This fine variety was
flowered by E. J. Coleman, Esq., Stoke Park, Slough. The
flowers measure eight inches across, the sepals and petals
tipped with rose ; the lip is prettily fimbriated, and of a deep
rose colour, and the throat beautifully striped with various
shades of yellow. This is a very free-flowering plant, and a
grand addition to the already large number of varieties of this
species.
Fig.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 17G.
C, TrianEe Corningii, Williams. — A most beautiful variety,
and one that should be in every collection. It grows about
the same height as C. Triance, and produces several large
flowers on a spike ; sepals and petals pure white, slightly
tinged with pale rose ; lip white, with a slight blotch of
orange on the anterior part. This is one of the most delicate-
looking forms of C. TriancB we have seen. It is named after
E. Corning, Esq., of Albany, New York, a great admirer of
this noble class of plants.
C. TriaiLSe DodgSOni, Williams. — A grand variety, with
flowers from eight to nine inches in diameter ; sepals and
petals pure white ; lip deep violet-crimson, slightly margined
with pale pink ; throat orange-yellow. This variety was
CATTLEYA. ZUO
flowered in the collection of the late K. B. Dodgson, Esq.,
Beardwood, Blackburn, and is the most distinct of the light
varieties we have yet seen. There have been several plants of
C. Triance, sold under this name, but they have always proved
inferior to this variety. When the Beardwood collection was
sold by auction the original plant realised the large sum of
185 guineas.
'Fig.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 6i.
C. Triange formosa, Williams.— A very fine large-flowered
variety of this favourite type. The sepals and petals are of
a fine bold form, blush pink ; the lip large, two and a quarter
inches in diameter, rich rosy magenta with a fine frilled
margin ; throat orange veined with deeper orange ; it flowers
in February.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 108.
C. Trianse Hardyana, Bchb. f. — This novelty is described
by Professor Reichenbach as having white petals washed with
a whitish purple, especially on the middle part ; the anterior
part of the lip is of the warmest purple, and has a light
border of purple extending round the wav}' margin, and there
is a light ochre-coloured central line with two anterior streaks.
This variety was first flowered by Geo. Hardy, Esq., Pickering
Lodge, Timperley, in honour of whom it was named.
C. Trianse Eillii, Williams. — This beautiful variety was
flowered in the collection of C. Gr. Hill, Esq., of Nottingham.
It is a very fine and distinct sort, the flowers large and of
fine form ; the sepals and petals are pure white, the lip rich
magenta, and the throat yellowish,
C. Triana^ lo, Marshall. — The flowers of this variety are
of the full size ; the sepals and petals are clear rose, the petals
very finely serrated at the margins ; the lip is large, rich deep
purple shaded with violet, with a marginal band of rosy purple,
the edges beautifully crisp ; throat orange-coloured.
C. Trianse Leeana, Sander. — A very large-flowered and
distinct variety, named in honour of W. Lee, Esq., Downside,
Leatherhead. The flowers are about seven inches in diameter ;
the sepals and petals three inches across, rosy lilac ; the lip
two inches in diameter in the fore part, deep magenta-mauve,
faintly margined with lilac-rose ; the throat is very large and
204 ORCHID- geowek's manual.
open, and has tlie peculiarity of being striped with orange.
This is one of the best of the large -flowered section.
C. Trianse marginata, Williams. — A distinct and large-
flowered variety, with the blossoms six inches in diameter ;
sepals and petals blush white ; anterior portion of lip bright
magenta-purple, broadly margined with white, and beautifully
fringed ; throat orange ; very distinct and dehciously scented.
C. Trianse Osmanni, Williams. — This gorgeous variety pro-
duces very large flowers of great substance, and bears as
many as five blossoms on a spike ; they measure seven inches
across ; the sepals are one inch broad, the petals two and a
half inches, both sepals and petals being of a bright rosy
magenta colour ; the lip is large, two and a half inches across,
of an intense magenta-crimson, having a velvety appearance,
this brilliant colour being narrowly margined with the same
colour as that of the sepals and petals. The colour is well
carried back into the throat, terminating in an acute point,
the throat being slightly marked with yellow. This variety
which was flowered in the collection of the late R. B. Dodgson,
Esq., Beardwood, Blackburn, under the care of Mr. Osman,
after whom it is named, generally produces its blossoms a
little later than the ordinary forms of C. Triancs. When the
Beardwood collection was sold by auction the original plant
was purchased by ourselves for the sum of 215 guineas, after
a spirited competition.
'ElG.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 361.
C. Trianse quadricolor, Hort. — A very high-coloured and
charming variety, having broad and well-formed sepals and
petals, which are of a bright rosy magenta colour ; the lip is
large and well formed, its anterior part intense magenta-crim-
son, the throat rich orange. The upper portion of the lip,
which encloses the column, is of the same colour as the sepals
and petals, but of a darker tint.
C. TrianSG reginSB, Williams. — Flowers large and compact,
six inches in diameter ; the sepals are three-fourths of an inch
wide, the petals two and a quarter inches, pure white, slightly
flushed towards the centre ; lip two inches in diameter, bright
magenta-purple, broadly margined with white ; throat pale
yellow.
C. Trianse rosea, Hort. — A most distinct and desirable kind,
CATTLEYA. 205
having deep rose-coloured sepals and petals, and a bright rosy
lilac lip, which colour is carried back, and is suffused over its
entire surface, saving a yellow blotch at the entrance to the
throat. This variety forms a pleasing companion both to the
light and dark-coloured forms.
C. Trianse Russelliana, Williams. — A very fine form of this
winter-blooming species. The sepals are three and a half
inches long and upwards of an inch broad; the petals upwards
of two inches broad, waved at the edges and recurved, white
tinged with rose ; the lip two inches across the centre, with
the edge beautifully frilled ; and the throat bright orange. The
colouring, which is well carried back into the throat, is intense
crimson-magenta, this colour being as dark at the margin as at
the base. We saw a grand plant of this in Baron Schroder's
collection at Staines, bearing sixteen flowers, and a most
effective plant it was, being in vigorous health. This is
without doubt one of the finest of the dark-lipped varieties.
C. Trianse splendidissima, Williams and Moore. — A»
most beautiful and chaste variety, having flowers six inches in
diameter ; sepals and petals pure white, the petals two and a
half inches across, the sepals broad and of good substance ;
lip two inches across, rich deep magenta, beautifully frilled,
the colour being carried to the margin, and well back into the
throat, which is orange and white.
Fig. — Orchid Album, iv. t. 160.
C. Trianse Williamsii, Moore. — One of the most distinct
forms of this grand Cattleya. A very free-flowering and
vigorous-growing kind ; sepals and petals blush white, very
broad and of good substance, the petals distinctly veined with
rosy magenta, especially tovv^ards the centre ; lip nicely fringed,
of an intense crimson-purple. This colour commences from
the edge of the lip, and is carried far back into the throat, as
well as on to that part of the lip which encloses the column ;
in the throat is a slight blotch of yellow about an eighth of an
inch wide. The leaves of this variety are often tinted with
bronze colour.
C. YeitcMana, Hort. — A garden variety, raised at Chelsea,
produced between C. crisjm and C. labiata. The petals are of
a pale pink, the sepals being a richer and brighter shade of the
same colour ; lip deep rich crimson-purple with yellow centre.
It blooms during the spring months. — Garden hybrid.
206
ORCHID-GEOWEE S MANUAL.
C. Telutina, Bchb.f. — This is a plant of very distinct cha-
racter. It was first flowered by J. Broome, Esq., of Didsbury,
Manchester. The plant resembles C. hicolor in growth ; the
sepals and petals are pale orange, spotted and streaked with
purple ; the lip orange at the base, white with violet veins in
front, where the surface is velvety. The flowers are very
fragrant, which is an additional recommendation. — Brazil.
Fig.— Orchid Album, i. t. 26; Card. Chron., 1872, 1259, fig?. 288—9.
CATTLETA VELUTINA.
C. veriflora, Hort. — This splendid hybrid was exhibited by
Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., in March, 1877, at the Royal
Horticultural Gardens, South Kensington, Its origin is not
known, but it seems to be between C. lahiata and C. TricmcB,
and was bought as a seedling at Stevens' Auction Rooms.
The stems are short and thick, about six inches long, of a
light green colour ; the leaves are about eight inches in length,
and of the same colour ; the sepals and petals are rosy violet ;
the lip deep magenta, margined with rose, with the throat
orange. This variety is a good addition to the winter-flower-
ing section of the genus. — Garden hybrid.
CATTLEYA. 207
C, virginalis, Linden ct Andre. — This is a white variety of
C. Eldorado, and is a very chaste and most desirable plant. The
sepals and petals are snow white ; the lip and column of the
same colour ; the throat bright orange. This plant flowers
during August and September, a season when Orchid flowers
are becoming scarce ; and its blossoms are deliciously sweet-
scented. — The Amazon country.
Fig.— III. Hort., 3 ser., t. 257.
C. yirginalis rosea, Williams. — This desirable variety is like
the preceding in every respect, saving that it bears a distinct
rosy purple blotch on the front of the anterior portion of the
lip ; it blooms during August and September. — The Amazon
country.
C. Wageneri, Bchb. f. — A splendid free-flowering Cattleya,
being a white-flowered form of the Mossice section, and with
flowers equal to those of that species in size. The sepals and
petals are white ; the lip also white, with a rich yellow patch
in the centre. A fine plant for exhibition, producing blossoms
in June and July, and lasting about three weeks in perfection.
A very rare plant. — La Giiayra.
FiG.—Xenia Orch., i. t. 13.
C. Walkeriaiia, Gardner.— A truly elegant dwarf species,
with bulb-like stems about four inches high, bearing an oblong-
elliptic obtuse leathery leaf, and large rose-coloured flowers
the lip, which is of a richer rose than the other parts, having
a slight tinge of yellow. There are generally two flowers
produced on a spike, each measuring five inches across,
the flowers being produced during the winter on distinct
slender stems, which are either leafless or bear only rudi-
mentary leaves ; the blossoms last four or five weeks in
beauty, which is longer than those of any other Cattleya,
besides which they are sweet-scented, and will fill the house
with their perfume. We always grow this plant suspended
from the roof, in a place where there is plenty of light, but
not too much sun, on a block of wood, surrounded by a little
sphagnum moss. — Brazil.
ma.—Bot. Reg., 1847, t. 42; Paxton, Mag. Bol., xv. 49, with tab.;
Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. t. 3 ; Pescatorea, t. 41 ; Orchid Album, iv. t. 154 ; Gard.
Chron., N.S., xxii. 780, figs. 132, 133.
Syn. — Cattleya bulbosa,
C.Wallisii.— See Cattleya virginalis.
208
ORCHID- GROWER S MANUAL.
C. "Warneri, Moore. — One of the finest of all Cattleyas, and
belonging to the lahiata section, resembling that species in its
manner of growth, and producing blossoms equal to it in size.
It is a very useful species for summer exhibitions. The
flowers are large, more than six inches across, the sepals and
petals of a beautiful rose, the lip large, of a rich crimson, and
finely fringed. This rare plant was first flowered in the rich
collection of R. "Warner, Esq., and we thought it the finest
and most magnificent Cattleya that had ever come under our
notice ; there are, however, many fine varieties of this type.
The true and original form is that figured in Mr. Warner's
handsome volumes of Orchid illustrations. — Brazil.
Fig.— TFarwer, Sel. Orch. PL, i. t. 8 ; Floral Mag., t. 516 ; Gard. Chron.,
N.S., XX. 372, fig. 57.
C. "Warscewiczii, Rchb. f. — A magnificent species which
grows about a foot high, and has light green foliage, in the
way of (7. Triana:. The flowers are large ; sepals and petals
purplish white ; lip rich crimson. Of this there are also
many varieties ; it blossoms during the winter months, and
continues three or four weeks in perfection — New Grenada.
Fig. — Xenia Orch., i. t. 31.
C. Warscewiczii delicata, Moore. — A magnificent variety in
the way of C. Triance, but still very distinct. It grows about
a foot high, and bears blossoms six inches across ; sepals and
petals white ; lip large, with a beautiful yellow centre and
tinge of rose, white on the outside ; it blooms in December
and January, and is very usefal during winter, continuing in
perfection three or four weeks. This appears to be the same
as the plant figured by Mr. Moore in 1861, in the Floral
Maqazine, under the name of Cattleya BoUissoni. — Brazil.
■EiG.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI., i. t. 4 ; Floral Mag., t. 8.
Syn.— C. Rollissoni.
C. "Warscewiczii delicata SUperba, Ilort. — This grand variety
was bloomed by Mr. W. Moore, when gardener to the Earl of
Shrewsbury, at Alton Towers. It is by far the finest of its
class we have ever seen; the lip is very large and finely
expanded, and the sepals and petals are broad and pure white.
— Brazil.
C. Whitei, Hort. Lou- : Bchb. /.—This new Cattleya was
found on a tree together with C. lahiata and C. Schilleriana,
209
so that it is possibly a hybrid between these two plants.
Mr. W. Davis, gardener to H. Gaskell, Esq., of Woolton,
Liverpool, says : — " In growth it resembles 0. lahiata, and it
has the double sheath generally seen in the true autumn-
flowering variety. It has made a much stronger growth this
year (1884), the bulb being about six inches high and the leaf
about five inches long, and I have no doubt that as the plant
gets stronger it will make a much larger bulb." Professor
Reichenbach observes that the dried flower reminds one of
Cattleya lahiata. The sepals are of a deep rosy tint with a
flush of olive green more evident on the outer side and at the
tips ; the petals are much broader and undulated, and of a
deeper and brighter tint of rich rosy magenta ; and the hp has
the two angular side lobes pale blush towards the base, the
reflexed borders and apex of a refined purplish rose colour;
the throat is of the finest orange colour with purple lines
running down the tube ; the anterior broad roundish reniform
lobe is prettily undulated and denticulate, and of a rich
magenta-rose, veined closely on the extreme edge, which is
pale rose, with deep crimson-magenta veins, these extending
backwards in a wedge-shaped form to just within the
orange throat. We received a three -flowered inflorescence
from H. Gaskell, Esq., in July, 1883. It is deliciously sweet-
scented, and is decidedly one of the most beautiful and distinct
of the high-coloured Cattleyas that has come under our notice.
— Brazil
Fig— Orchid Album, iii. t. 115.
ChtSIS, Lindley.
[Tribe Epidendrese, szibtribe Bletiese.)
This is a beautiful genus, containing some six or eight
reputed species. They are deciduous epiphytes, losing the
leaves during their season of rest. The stems are thick,
fleshy, and fusiform, about a foot long, producing their showy
flowers in lateral racemes, with the young growth. The
flowers are showy, with the parts spreading, the lip having
large erect side lobes, and a reflexed middle lobe. The
species inhabit Mexico and Colombia.
210 orchid-growee's manual.
Cidture. — These plants will do on blocks of wood, but tliey
grow much finer in baskets or pots, with peat, moss, and
potsherds. All the species require a liberal supply of heat
and moisture in their growing season, except C. aurea, which
we have found to succeed best in the cool house ; but after
they have finished their growth, they should be removed into
a cooler house till they begin to grow again, and then be
taken back to coolest end of the East Indian house. During
their season of rest they require very little water. They
are propagated by dividing the plants just as they begin to
grow.
C. aurea, Lindley. — A charming Orchid, producing its
flowers on a short spike, generally twice a year. The stems
are pendulous subclavate, clothed with fuscous scales, the
leaves ovate-lanceolate, nervose, undulate, and the blossoms,
which grow in drooping racemes, are yellow, the lip being
marked with crimson. It flowers at different times of the
year, and lasts about a fortnight in beauty. — Venezuela.
YlG.—Bot. Reg., t. 1937 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3617.
C. bractescens, Llndlcy. — A fine species, with fusiform fleshy
stems, ovate-lanceolate plicate leaves, and nodding racemes
of waxy flowers, sometimes six together, each flower measuring
two or three inches across, and having white sepals and
petals, while the lip is yellow inside and white outside, its
emarginate plicate front lobe being marked with crimson
lines, and its disk bearing five or seven fleshy lamellae between
the erect side lobes. It blooms in April and May ; lasts two
or three weeks in perfection, and makes a good show plant. —
Meodco.
'FlG.—Bot Reg., 1841, t. 23 ; Flore des Serves, t. 675 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5186;
Batem. 2nd Cent., t. 138; Rev. Eort., 1859, 294.
C. ClielsOlli, Hchh. f. — A very fine hybrid raised from
C. Limminghei probably crossed with C. Icevis, which it very
much resembles. The flowers are in bold drooping racemes,
the sepals and petals nankin-yellow with a blotch of purplish-
brown in the upper half, and the lip whitish with the numerous
violet-purplish blotches of C. Limminghei ; the column is
whitish, with many small purplish dots. This form was
;lsoni.
J
CHYSIS. 211
raised in Messrs. Veitcli's Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea. —
Garden hybrid.
Fig.— Floral Mag., 2 ser,, t. 297 (yellow lip).
C. Isevis, Lindley.—k beautiful species, in wliicli the
fusiform pendent stems are fifteen inches long, producing
from the young growths in June pendulous racemes, each
bearing eight or more flowers ; the sepals and petals are
yellow in the lower and orange in the upper part, and the
lip is yellow spotted and blotched with crimson, the side
lobes falcate, and the middle lobe roundish and frilled, with a
crest of five fleshy lamellse on the disk. It will last about a
fortnight in good condition, and is the finest of all the species
of Chysis. — Mexico.
Fig. — Batem. Orch. Mex, et Guateni., t. 31 ; Illust. Hort., t. 365 ; Warner,
Set. Orch. PL, ii. 1. 14,
C. Limmingliei, Echh.f. and Linden. — A charming species
with fusiform stems, which grow a foot high, broadly lanceo-
late nervose leaves, and drooping racemes of delicate flowers,
which are white heavily tipped with pale purplish-rose, and
are produced very freely along with the young growth in
May and June, continuing in perfection for about three
weeks. The lip has the tall oblique side lobes yellowish
externally, and yellow striped with red inside, and the
roundish-oblong front lobe pale purplish-rose blotched and
striped with deep purple, while the disk bears five lamellae
digitately disposed. This makes a good exhibition plant,
but requires a cool house to keep it back for late flowering. —
Central America.
YlG.— Illust. Hort., t. 240 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5265 : Warner, Sel. Orch. PI.,
i. t. 34.
C undulata, Hort. — An exceedingly rare and handsome
species, of which the pseudobulbs are some eighteen inches
in height. The racemes consist of from ten to twelve flowers,
which have the sepals and petals of a lively orange-yellow,
and the lip cream coloured with numerous lines of pink. —
'Native Country not known.
212 OHCHID-GRO wee's MANUAL.
ClEEHOPETALUM, Lindley.
( Trihe Epidendre^, suUribe Dendrobieas.)
Small-growing epiphytes, with creeping rhizomes bearing
one-leaved pseudobulbs in the axils of scariose sheaths. The
scapes are leafless, produced at the side of the pseudobulbs,
and bear at the top a raceme of flowers which is contracted
into an umbel. They are widely scattered, being found in
India, China, the Malayan Ai-chipelago, Australia, and the
Mascaren Islands. About thirty species are known. Eeichen-
bach refers them all to Bulhoj^lnjllum.
Culture. — The plants forming this genus are peculiar in the
construction of their flowers, and a few kinds ought to be in
every collection. They are small compact evergreen plants,
and will do either in pots or on blocks of wood with moss.
If grown in pots, fibrous peat and sphagnum, with good
drainage and a liberal supply of water in the growing season,
is necessary for their well-being ; but a very little moisture
will sufiice when they are at rest. They require the heat of
the East Indian house, and to be kept as near the light as
possible.
C. Cuniillgii, Lindley. — A curious Orchid, introduced by
Mr. Cuming, which, although introduced many years ago, is
yet a scarce plant. It has small tetragonal pseudobulbs,
oblong-obtuse leaves, and numerous dimidiately umbellate
flowers on wiry scapes, the blossoms arranged in a circle ;
the lateral sepals, which are much enlarged, are of a bright
ruby colour, the dorsal sepal and petals are beautifully
fringed, and the lip has an oscillatory motion when touched.
It is easily grown, and should find a place in every collection.
— Philippine Islands.
¥lG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4996.
C. Medusae, Lindley. — Amongst the strange and varied
forms which the flowers of Orchids present, this species has
one of the most remarkable. It is a dwarf-growing plant,
CLEIBOSTOMA. 213
the pseudobulbs ovate, tetragonal, the thick fleshy leaves
oblong, and the flowers, though not large, capitate and very
numerous ; the sepals are dull pale yellow spotted with pink,
and drawn out into long drooping threads at the apex, so that
the inflorescence looks like a head with long hair hanging
down, from whence its name has been derived. It should
find a place in every collection for its perfectly unique
appearance . — Singapore.
¥lG.—Bot. Reg., 1842, t. 12; Vr. Tllust. Orch., t. 12 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4977 ;
Belg. Mort., viii. t. 12 ; Moore, III. Orch. PL, Cirrhopetalum, t. i, ; Batevi.
2nd Cent, t. 148.
C. Pahudii, VHese. — This is another very curious and
interesting plant. The habit is dwarf, the leaves dark green,
the flowers arranged in an umbel, large, reddish brown, with
bright red dots ; the sepals and petals are turned back, giving
it a most singular appearance. It should be grown on a
block of wood in the East Indian house. — Java.
^IQ.—Vriese, Illust. Orch., tt. 3, 11.
CLEISOSTOMA, Bhcme.
{Tribe Vandese, subtribe Sarcantheae.)
A genus of epiphytal plants, with leafy stems, clothed with
distichous spreadingleathery leaves, usually flat but sometimes
terete, and lateral peduncles bearing simple or branched
racemes, the flowers for the most part small, and therefore
such as are not much esteemed by the majority of Orchid
fanciers, but nevertheless there are some of the species which
would form ornaments in our collections. Some fifteen species
are described — Indian, Malayan, or Australian.
Culture. — They require the same treatment as A'erides.
C. crassifolium, Lindley. — This distinct plant has close-set
thick leathery much recurved leaves, resembling those of a
Vanda ; it produces its nodding panicles of sea-green, rosy-
lipped flowers from the axils of the leaves ; and although the
individual flowers are small it is a charming plant. — India :
probably Moidmein.
'EiQ.—Paxt. Fl. Gard., in. t. 29 ; Lem. Jard. FL, t. 397.
214 ORCHID -GEOWER's MANUAl,.
C. Dawsoniamim, Bchh. f. — In general appearance this re-
sembles a Renanthera. The leaves are arranged in a distichous
manner, are hght green in colour, and about six inches long ;
and the flowers, which are thick and fleshy, are borne in
branched racemes some twenty or more together. The sepals
and petals are light yellow, banded with brown, the lip deeper
yellow, blotched and streaked with brown, — Moulmein.
CffiLIA, Lindley.
{Tribe Epidendrese, subtribe Eriese.)
A small genus of epiphytes, the base of whose stems
eventually thickens into pseudobulbs. They have narrow
elongate plicately venose leaves, and from the base of the
bulbs dense racemes of moderate-sized flowers on short erect
scapes distinct from the foliage. The four or five known
species are natives of the "West Indies, Central America, and
Mexico.
Culture. — These plants do best in pots, in a compost of
peat and moss, with a little charcoal added, and should be
grown in the Cattleya house.
C. "bella, Rclih. f. — A very pretty species, furnished with
roundish- ovate compressed pseudobulbs, three or four ensiform
nervose leaves, and short upright radical scapes bearing from
four to seven funnel-shaped fragrant fleshy flowers, of which
the sepals and petals are creamy white, broadly tipped with
rich magenta, and the lip is yellow, with a rather prominent
front lobe. It flowers during the autumn months. —
Guatemala.
Fig. — Leni. Jard. FL, iii. 325 ; Orchid Album, ii. t, 61 ; Bot. Mag.,
t. 6628.
Stn. — Bifrenaria bella ; BothriocTiilus bellus,
C. macrostacliya, Lindley. — An erect-growing distinct
species, with rather large and nearly globose pale green
glabrous pseudobulbs, which are invested at the base with
coarse brown scaly envelopes, and bear at the top about three
large lanceolate membranous plicate leaves a foot or more in
length, sheathing at the base. From the base of the pseudobulbs
CCELOGYNE. 215
arises the flower scape, whicla is about a span high, clothed
with large ovate involute brownish scales, and surmounted
by a cylindrical raceme, nine or ten inches long, crowded with
rather small bright rosy red flowers in the axils of long narrow
brownish bracts. The concave fleshy sepals are oblong-acute,
corrugated externally, deep rosy red, the oblong-ovate petals,
as long as the sepals, are blush white, and the reflexed oblong-
acute lip is white, continued below into a two-lobed blunt spur.
It blooms in August, and with its long cylindrical flower
spikes is very efiective. — Mexico.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 4712.
CCELOGTNE, Lindley.
{Tribe Epidendreffi, subtribe Ccelogyneas.)
There are numerous species of Ccelogijne, many of them
very beautiful, the colour of the flowers being of a most
delicate hue, and often richly marked ; whilst other kinds
are inconspicuous and not worth growing. They are pseu-
dobulbous and evergreen plants, the bulbs from one to six
inches high, two-leaved, the flowers being generally pro-
duced with the young growth, and the leaves being perfected
when the flowering is over. The lip is sessile, the base
concave, and folded over the elongated apodous column. The
flowers of some are very large, measuring as much as three
inches across. Some of our botanists include in this genus
the group Pleione, which we have kept distinct. About fifty
species are known, inhabiting India, the Malayan Archipelago,
and Southern China.
Cultxire. — These plants, with the exception of C. Mas-
sangeana, which does best in a basket on account of the
drooping character of its spikes, do best grown in pots, with
peat and moss. Some of them will do on blocks, but pot or
basket culture is to be preferred. They require good drainage,
and an abundance of water at their roots in their growing
season. Some are best grown in the East Indian house, others
216 oechid-geowee's manual.
will do in the cool house, and others with the Caitleyas, but
after these have finished their growth a cooler house will do
for them. During their period of rest they should have but
little water. They are propagated by dividing the pseudobulbs.
C. asperata, Lindley. — A fine evergreen species, attaining
rather a large size. It has tall oblong attenuate pseudobulbs,
with a pair of stalked lanceolate leaves, growing about two
feet high. The large flowers are produced on a drooping
raceme about a foot long, twelve or more of them together,
and are of a pale creamy yellow, the lip richly marked
with brownish yellow veins springing from a rugged bright
orange central ridge ; they are fully three inches in diameter,
and are produced in June or July, lasting two weeks in good
condition. This should be grown in the Cattleya house, and
requires a large pot to grow it in perfection, being one of
the freest of all the Ccelogynes. — Borneo.
Fig. — Pescatorea, t. 7 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., xvi. 225, -with tab. (bad).
Syn. — C. Lowii.
C. barltata, Griffith. — This is a most useful winter-flowering
species, and according to Dr. Lindley the finest of the genus.
The pseudobulbs are roundish-ovate, light green, with leaves
of a thick leathery texture and oblong-lanceolate form, pro-
duced two from each bulb. The flower scapes are erect,
producing a flexuose raceme of several flowers, which open
in succession, the individual blossoms being from two to three
inches across. The sepals and petals are pure white, the
lip is also white, distinctly bearded round the margin with a
fringe of pale sepia-coloured hairs, and of a darker sepia brown
in the centre, where they cover the veins, and form three
shaggy crests. It flowers in January and continues blooming
for several weeks. This species thrives best in the cool
house, and requires an abundant supply of moisture. — Northern
India: Bhotan, Khasya.
-Eld.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 143 ; Griff. Not. Plant. Asiat., t. 291.
C. ciliata, Hart. — A very pretty plant, well worthy of cul-
tivation, for autumn blooming. It is a compact-growing
species, making pseudobulbs about four inches high, with light
green leaves, and producing in great profusion its white and
yellow flowers, which have some brown markings. — India.
217
C. COrrugata, Lindleij. — This is a very pretty species, and
iuteresting as being one of the cool Orchids from the hilly
districts of India, which will grow freely and bloom with
Odontoglossiuns. It is a free-growing compact plant, with
ovate wrinkled pseudobulbs bearing a pair of broad oblong
leaves, and producing erect racemes of lovely pure white
flowers of considerable size ; the lip is yellow inside, striped
with orange. It should be grown in a pot, with an abundance
of drainage. — India : Khasya, Neilgherries.
'EiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5G01 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PI, t. 188 ; Wight,
Icon., t. 1G39.
C. COrymbosa, Lindley. — A very distinct and beautiful
species, having large flowers three to four inches across, which
are produced in an upright corymbose raceme which is thrown
up with the young growth. The pseudobulbs are oblong,
terete, the leaves oval, narrowed into a petiole, and the sepals
and petals ligulate-lanceolate, creamy white, the lip being white,
with two bright yellow ocellate spots or eyes surrounded by
brown margins ; the throat is also marked with yellow and
brown. It flowers during June and July. — India : Khasya
hills, at 4,000 to 5,000 feet elevation.
CCELOGYNE CRISTATA.
218 ORCHID- geowek's manual.
C. cristata, Lindley. — A magnificent Orchid, dwarf and of
evergreen habit, with leaves about six inches long. The
flowers, six or eight together, proceed from the base of the
oblong angulate pseudobulbs in a di'ooping raceme, each flower
being three or four inches across, with charmingly undulated
lanceolate sepals and petals ; the colour pure white, with a
prominent blotch of yellow on the crests of the lip. It
blossoms in February and March, and will continue in per-
fection four or five weeks if the flowers are kept free from
damp. This plant, which is largely grown for cut flowers, is
the finest of the genus, and in fact one of the finest of all
Orchids, and ought to be in every collection. We have seen
on a specimen grown in the collection of J. Buchanan, Esq.,
Edinburgh, as many as 600 flowers at one time ; and on
another, grown by Mr. Cross, at Melchet Court, seventy-five
spikes are recorded as being produced, the specimen measuring
five feet across. We find it make its growth best in the cool
house, but after this is completed we place the plants in the
Cattleya house, as if left in the cool the flower spikes are
apt to damp and turn black. — North India.
'FlG.—Bot. Reg., 1841, t. 57 ; Pescaiorea, t. 25 ; Gartenflora, t. 245 ;
Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, i. t. 35 ; Flore des Serres, t. 1807 ; Jennings, Orch.,
t. 7; Paxt. Fl. Gard., iii. 171, fig. 812; Card. Chron., N.S., vii. 697,
fig. 95 (specimen plant) ; Moore, 111, Orch, PL, Coelogyne, t. 4.
C. cristata alba, Moore. — This fine novelty is in all re-
spects similar to the type, except that instead of having the
yellow blotch on the lip, its flowers are everywhere of a pure
white. It blooms during winter and spring, and lasts from
two to three weeks in perfection. — India,
Fig. — Orchid Album, ii. t. 54,
Syn. — C, cristata holoUuca.
C. cristata citrina, Williams. — This is a very distinct
variety, which invariably flowers some two or three weeks
later than the type, which is a decided advantage, as it pro-
longs the flowering season, and it also differs in having the
centre of the lip stained a delicate lemon-colour, and not deep
yellow as in the ordinary form of the species. — Nejxd.
Stn. — C, cristata Lemoniana.
C. cristata major, Williams. — A very large-flowered, superior
variety, with much broader and stouter sepals and petals,
and with flowers altogether larger and superior to the type. —
India.
I
CCELOGYNE. 219
C. Cumillgii, Lindley. — A pretty species with ovate pseudo-
bulbs, a pair of lanceolate five-nerved leaves, and erect short
racemes of handsome flowers, which are snow white, except in
the middle of the lip, where they are yellowish, with the tips
of the three crisped lamellfe and of the two short scale-like
crests orange-coloured. It lasts long in beauty. — Singapore.
¥iG.—Bot. Reg., 1841, t. 29 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4645 ; Lem. Jard. Fl., t. 337 ;
Fl. des Serres, t. 7C4 ; Moore, III. Orch. PL, Coelogyne, t. 3.
C. Dayana, Echb. f. — In this species the pseudobulbs are
long, narrow, pyriform, with stalked oblong acuminate leaves.
The long pendulous inflorescence bears nearly two dozen
flowers, of which the sepals and petals are ligulate-acute, and
the lip broad, three-lobed. The colour is a light ochre-yellow,
with numerous dark brown collateral longitudinal broad stripes
on the lateral lobes of the lip, and on the same light ochre
ground a crescent-shaped half ring of dark brown opening
towards the base on the middle lobe ; two plaited keels run
from the base of the lip to the base of the mid- lobe, where
they are divided into six similar keels, covered with the most
lovely denticulated undulations. It flowers during the sum-
mer months. — Borneo.
C. elata, Lindley. — This is a very old species, introduced
some fifty years ago, but it is nevertheless a real beauty.
The flowers, which are of medium size and drooping, are
borne in erect racemes, which spring with the sword-shaped
striated leaves from the apex of the tall oblong angulate
pseudobulbs, and have the sepals and petals narrowish pure
white, and the lip white with a forked yellow band in the
centre, and two longitudinal deep orange crisped crests on the
disk. It is found at an altitude of 8,000 to 9,000 feet on the
slopes of Tongoo, near Darjeeling. It flowers during April and
May, and should be grown in the cool house. — North India.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5001,; Wall. PI. Asiat. Ear., iii. t. 218.
C. fuscescens, Lindley. — A beautiful species, one of the
finest of the genus. The pseudobulbs are elongate, terete,
three to four inches long, the broad oblong plicate leaves in
pairs, and the flowers in short nodding five to eight-flowered
racemes. The sepals and petals are brownish green, the dorsal
sepal broadest, and the lip marked with four cinnamon spots,
one on each of the small lateral lobes, and two at the base of
the middle lobe, where there are also three elevated lines or
K 2
220 ORCHID- grower's manual.
crests. It flowers in autumn and winter, and lasts in bloom
for a considerable time. — North India : Burmah, Mouhnein.
Fig. — Bot. Mag., t. 5494 (var. brunnea) ; Batem. 2nd Cent., t. 104 (var.
hrunnea) .
C. Grardneriana, Liudleij. — A very distinct species, growing
about a foot high, with flask-shaped dark green pseudobulbs,
a pair of broadly lanceolate five-nerved leaves, and a long
lateral or tei-minal drooping distichous raceme of peculiar
long-petalled half-closed white flowers with a yellow lip, each
having a broad brownish bract at its base. It blooms during
the winter months, and lasts three or four weeks in good
condition. It should be grown in the Cattleya house. — India :
Nepal, Khasya, d-c.
Fig. — Orchid Album, iv. 153 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., vi. 73, with tab. (poor);
Wall. PI. Asiat. Ear., i. t. 38.
C. Goweri, Bchb. f. — This is a pretty and delicate species
of considerable beauty. The pseudobulbs and leaves resemble
those of C. oceUata; the racemes are pendulous, bearing
several flowers, of which the sepals and petals are pure
white, and the lip white, with a stain of pale yellow on the
disk. It blooms during March and April. — Assam.
G. Lowii. — See Ccelogyne asperata.
C. Massangeana, Fidih. f. — This exceedingly handsome and
remarkable evergreen species was first flowered by M. D.
Massange, Chateau deBaillonville, Marche, Belgium, in honour
of whom it has been named. It is both vigorous in growth
and free-flowering, producing its blossoms twice a year, and
•continuing several weeks in perfection. The pseudobulbs are
pear-shaped, three to four inches in height, two-leaved ; and
the drooping flower scapes, which are produced from the base
of the bulbs, are generally from one and a half to two feet
long and bear two dozen or more flowers, of which the sepals
and petals are light ochre-yellow, and the lip of a beautiful
maroon-brown with bright yellow veins, the middle lobe
creamy white at the edge, with a large brown disk, and
having three light yellow keels extending from the base to the
tip. This plant is best grown in a basket suspended from the
roof of the Cattleya house ; and when treated in this way the
long drooping spikes have a charming effect. — Assam.
'Fig.— Orchid Album, i. t. 29; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 373; Gard. Chron.,
N.S., xvii. 369, with fig.
CCELOGYNE. 221
C. media, Hort. — A pretty small-growing species, -with
short round bulbs, leaves seven inches long, and flowers on
spikes ten inches high ; the sepals and petals are creamy
white, the lip yellow and brown. It blooms during winter,
and lasts in perfection three or four weeks. The plant grows
well on a block, or in a pot in fibrous peat. — ? India.
C. OCellata, Lindley. — A very pretty and desirable species,
suitable either for pot or basket culture. The pseudobulbs
are ovate and subangulate, furnished with a pair of lanceo-
late leaves. The flowers, which are produced in di'ooping
racemes from the apex of the bulbs, are pure white with the
exception of the lip, which has on each lateral lobe a large
ocellated yellow spot, margined with a narrow orange border,
three smaller ocellated spots occurring on the disk ; the throat
is striped with purplish brown. It flowers in February and
March. — North India.
Ylg.—BoL Mag., t. 37G0 (starved).
C. OCellata maxima, Bchh. f. — This variety is, according to
Professor Reichenbach, " a great beauty, and is far stronger
than the common plant." We can fully endorse this opinion,
having distributed the plant, and flowered it on several
occasions. Its blossoms are produced on drooping racemes,
which sometimes contain as many as eight flowers. The
colour is the same as in C. ocellata, but the lateral blotches
on the lip are spread widely apart, and the flowers are larger.
The bulbs are much larger than those of C. ocellata, being
two or three inches high, and about three inches in circum-
ference. It is very sweet-scented, a single plant perfuming
a whole house. It flowers during March and April, and lasts
a long time in beauty. — India.
¥lG.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 365.
C. OCliracea, Lindley. — A very old species, having pure
white very sweet-scented flowers. The pseudobulbs are small,
oblong, with two or three lanceolate leaves, and the flowers
grow in erect racemes of about seven or eight together. The
lip has two horse-shoe shaped blotches on its disk, which are
bright ochraceous-yellow bordered with orange. It may be
grown either in a pot or a basket. — North-East India.
YiG —Bot. Reg., 1846, t. 69 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4661 ; Baiem. 2tid Cent., t.
145 ; J.em. Jard. Ft., t. 342 : Moore, III. Orch. PL, Coelogyne, t. 2.
222 orchid-groweb's manual.
C. odoratissima, Lindley. — An elegant dwarf cool house
Orchid, growing only about eight or ten inches high, and pro-
ducing abundance of its white and delicately honey-scented
blooms in winter — a season when white flowers are so desir-
able. It has ovate wrinkled pseudobulbs an inch long, usually
two linear-lanceolate leaves, and filiform peduncles arising
from the ap^x of the bulbs, and bearing about three of its
pure white flowers. It comes from the north side of the
hills of Madras, and is impatient of heat. — South India and
Ceylon.
YiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5462 ; Wight, Icon. PL Ind. Or., tt. 1640, 1641 ;
? Xenia Orch., ii. t. 155 (C. trifida).
C. pandurata, Lindley. — A curious and very striking
Orchid, which when in bloom is one of the most interesting
species we know. It grows eighteen inches high, and has
oblong-ovate compressed shining pseudobulbs, from the base
of which the long drooping flower spikes proceed. The
individual flowers are large, with pale green sepals and
petals, and a singularly warted greenish yellow lip marked
with broad black veins, ending in a broad triangular black
blotch towards the front, while on the disk are two deep
double warted crests which converge towards the middle and
lose themselves in a patch of rugged two-lobed warts. — Borneo.
FiQ.—Bot. Maq., t. 5084 ; Batem. 2nd Cent, t. 160 ; Fl. des Serves, t.
2139 ; Xenia Orch., ii. 1. 121 ; Orchid Album, ii. t. 63.
C. ParisMi, Hooker. — The flowers of this species at first
sight resemble those of a miniature C. pandurata, being much
smaller in all their parts. The cylindraceo-tetragonal pseudo-
bulbs are four to five inches in length and half an inch in
diameter ; they are surmounted by two broad ovate-oblong
nervose leaves, and the six-flowered raceme is terminal on
the pseudobulbs. The flowers are yellowish green, the three-
lobed pandurate lip green with a few black spots, and the
dilated roundish front lobe undulately crisped ; the disk bears
three elevated lines, and there are some elegant fringes on
the front part of the lip. It blooms during April and May. —
Moulmein.
Fie.— -Boi. 3fag., t. 5323.
C. plantaginea, Lindley. — A distinct and desirable species,
with elongate terete pseudobulbs, oblong-lanceolate undulate
leaves, and pendulous racemes of flowers, which are of a
coLAx. 223
greenish yellow, having a white lip streaked with brown, the
middle lobe crested with perpendicular fringed plates. —
India.
C. speciosa, Lindley. — A free-flowering evergreen plant,
growing about eight inches high. The plant has ovate-oblong
ribbed monophyllous pseudobulbs, oblong-lanceolate five to
seven-nerved leaves, and short erect penducles bearing two
or more flowers, which are nearly four inches in diameter,
and are developed at different times of the year, lasting long in
bloom. The sepals and petals are pale tawny or ohve green.
The lip which is large and broad oblong in form, is very
handsome, yellow outside, variously blotched and veined
inside with deep crimson or pitch-brown, except the broad
apex, which is white, and fringed as well as crested ; two
deep crests, nearly as long as the lip, are very prominent
along the centre, and copiously fringed with stellated hairs.
There are two varieties of this specie?, one of which is far
superior to the ordinary form. These plants are very useful,
as they are almost always in flower. — Java.
'FiG.—Bot. Reg., 1846, t. 23; Bot. Mag , t. 4889; Moore, III. Orch. PI.,
Coelogyne, t. 5 ; Vr. III. Orch., tt. 1, 11 ; Blume, B'ljdr., t. 51.
Syn. — Chelonanthera speciosa.
C. viscosa, R''hb. f. — A rare species, nearly allied to C.
flaccida, yet very distinct from that plant. The pseudobulbs
are fusiform, bearing dark green leaves, which are tapered
towards the base. The sepals and petals are white, and the
lip is white, with the side lobes broadly streaked with rich
brown. It blooms during summer. — India.
COLAX, Lindley.
{Tribe Vandese, suhtribe Cyrtopcdiese.)
A small genus, nearly related to Lycaste and Ma.villaria,
but separated from them by the subglobose, not ringent
flowers, and by the flat spreading segments of the perianth.
The group includes two Brazilian species.
Culture. — The species here named is well deserving of
attention. It should be potted in peat and sphagnum with
good drainage, and placed in the Cattleya house.
224 oechid-geowee's manual.
C. jUgOSllS, Lindley. — A very interesting plant, with
elongate-ovoid pseudobulbs two to three inches long,
lanceolate acuminate leaves six to nine inches long, of a dark
green, and handsome flowers two or three on a spike, and
about two inches in diameter ; the sepals are pale cream colour,
the petals white, with numerous transverse blotches of rich
dark chocolate-purple, and the lip white, smaller than the
petals, velvety, and covered with fleshy ridges, three-lobed,
the lateral lobes rounded erect, minutely dotted with purple,
the middle lobe semicircular, streaked and splashed with dark
blackish purple. — Brazil.
'ElG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5661 ; lllust. Hort., 3 ser., t. 96 ; Xenia Orch., i. t. 41.
Syn. — Alaxillaiia jugosa,
COMPAEETTIA, Pcepphj et Endlicher.
{Tribe Vandese, subtribe Oncidiese.)
This is a small genus, of slender dwarf-growing pseudo-
bulbous plants with solitary leathery leaves and drooping
racemes of showy flowers, which are peculiar in having a spur
to the sepals and a double spur to the lip, the latter being in-
cluded in that of the sepals. The species here described are
the best that have come under our notice. They are very
pretty evergreen plants, and distinct from any other Orchids.
The few known species cjme from the Andes of South
America, and Central America.
Culture. — The species of this genus should be grown in the
Cattleya house, where they can be well shaded from the
sun. They are best grown on blocks of wood, or in baskets,
with live sphagnum moss, and suspended fi'om the roof, with
a liberal supply of moisture in the growing season — in fact,
they never should be allowed to get dry, or they will suffer.
The flowers proceed from the base of the pseudobulbs, and
continue in beauty a considerable time.
C. COCCinea, Lindley. — A charming little plant, with the
habit of a strong Sojjhronitis yrandijlora. The pseudobulbs
COMPARETTIA.
225
are small, and bear oblong leathery leaves, which are bright
green above and purplish beneath ; from the apex of the
young growing bulbs issues a slender terminal scape support-
ing a nodding raceme of from three to seven brilliant scarlet
and orange flowers, rendered more conspicuous by their broad
flat obcordatc lip, and their very long subulate spur. It blooms
during the months of November and December ; and is doubly
valuable at this season on account of its brilliant colours. —
Mexico, Brazil.
li'lGr.—Bot. Reg., 1838, t. 68 ; Maund, Bot , iv. t. 186 ; Illust. Hort., t.
472 ; Moore, III. Orch. PL, Comparettia, t. 1.
C. falcata, Peep, et Endl. — A pretty plant, similar in habit to
C. coccinea. It has smooth oblong clustered pseudobulbs,
bearing each a solitary lanceolate leaf, and from the base of
the leaf a fihform pendent scape, with an open raceme of deep
crimson flowers, which have a broadly obcordate lip and a
subulate spur. It does not require great heat. — Peru.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 4980 : Peep, et Endl, Nov, Gen., i. t. 73.
C. macroplectron, Pichh. /. — This very handsome species is
exceedingly floriferous. It has small oblong truncate com-
pressed pseudobulbs, with the
angles rounded, and short bright
green oblong ligulate leaves.
The drooping flower spikes are
produced from the base of the
bulbs, and bear five or more
flowers. The sepals and petals
are rose colour, distinctly spotted
with rosy purple, while the lip,
which is very large in comparison
to the sepals and petals, is
magenta rose, marked with a .fls^sf^^.^ W~]W. \
few rosy purple spots at the - - - . i
base and softening off towards
the margin. In addition to this ^^^^^^^^''^^ macroplectro^.-
the flowers are furnished with a spur about two inches long.
The blossoms are produced in July and August. We have
seen a fine specimen of this in the collection of F. A.
Philbrick, Esq., Q.C., Oldfield, Bickley, which bore several
spikes of its charming flowers. — New Grenada.
Fig.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 65 ; Bot. Mag., t. 6679.
K 3
22G orchid-gkower's manual.
C. speciosa, Rchh.f. — A very beautiful species, bearing loose
racemes of numerous large flowers, whicb are remarkable for
their broad lip and long spur. The sepals and petals are
light orange -with a cinnabar glow ; and the lip has the front
lobe subquadrate and emarginate, about one and a quarter
inch wide, with a very short claw and a small keel between
the basal auricles, the colour being of the finest cinnabar,
orange at the base. The spur is minutely pilose, and more
than an inch and a half in length. It has been flowered
and exhibited by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., and
awarded a first-class certificate. — Ecuador.
CORYAKTHES, Hooker.
{Tribe Vandese, subtribe Stanhopieae.)
The flowers of these plants are very extraordinary-looking
objects. They are of large size, and before they open are of
the shape of a Chinese foot ; after opening, the large sepals,
which at first are spread out, soon collapse, as do the smaller
petals ; the lip is pendulous from the end of a stout arm or
claw, beyond which, at the base, it is developed into a hood-
like body (hypochil), and at the apex terminates in a helmet-
shaped pouch (epichil), the hinder part of which (mesochil)
is involute ; the pouch is connected with the hood by a
hollowed fleshy stalk, which in some of the species is encircled
by transverse fleshy folds and ridges ; near the base of the arm
are a pair of finger-like lobes which secrete a sweet fluid, and
this, as long as the flower is in vigour, continues to drip from
them into the pouch. The plants are evergreen and pseu-
dobulbous ; the leaves lanceolate plicate, ten inches long,
and two or three inches broad. They produce their flowers
from the base of the bulbs on a drooping spike, four or five
together. The few species, some five or six altogether, are
found in Tropical South America.
Culture. — These plants grow best in baskets with moss and
peat and good drainage, and require a liberal supply of water
CORYANTHES. 227
at the roots during their period of growth, and also a good
brisk heat. They are found growing on the outside branches
of trees, where they get more sun than many of our Orchids,
and we bcHeve the reason why we have been rather unsuccessful
with this genus is that we have treated them in a similar
manner to StanJiopeas, and given them too much shade. After
their growth is finished, they should be kept rather dry, but not
so much so that their bulbs may become at all shrivelled.
They are propagated by division of the pseudobulbs.
C. macrantlia, Hooker. — One of the best of the genus, the
flowers being of a rich yellow, speckled with red, the hood
of the lip and a portion of the pouch rich brownish yellow. It
blossoms in May, June, and July, and lasts about three or four
days in perfection. This plant ought to be in every collection.
— Caracas.
Tig.— Bot. Reg., t. 1841 ; Pescatorea, t. 30 ; Hooh., Bot. MiscelL, t. 80 ;
Paxton, Mag. Bot., v. 31, with tab. ; Hart, Parad., ii. t.4.
Syn. — Gongora macrantlia.
C. maculata, Hooker. — This species has flowers of a light
yellow, spotted with dull crimson ; the hood is yellow, and the
pouch blotched on the inner side with dark purple. It blooms
during the summer months, and lasts but three days in beauty.
— Demerara, Venezuela.
Tig.— Bot. Mag., t. 3102 ; Id., t. 3747 (var. ParTceri) ; Maund, Bot , v.
t, 228 ; Moore, III. Orch. PL, Coryanthes, t, 1 (var. Albertinm).
C. maculata punctata, Lindley. — A very distinct and showy
variety, having large flowers, which, like those of its con-
geners, are very peculiar in shape. The sepals and petals are
pale ochre-yellow, thickly spotted with deep wine purple ; the
lip has a hood-shaped body near the base, to which a large
helmet-shaped pedunculate appendage is attached ; the hood
is yellowish, spotted and blotched with deep wine purple, the
pouch more heavily marked, the purple colour almost covering
the anterior side. This plant has been recently well flowered
by W. Macdonald, Esq., "Woodlands, Perth. It blossoms
during October and November. — Demerara.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 98 ; Bot. Peg., t. 1793.
C. speciosa, Hooker. — This singular species, which is quite
228 ORCHID- grower's manual.
characteristic, grows about a foot high. The large grotesque
flowers are pale yellow, the cup satiny orange, and the pouch
reddish or tawny yellow ; they are produced in April or May,
and last three or four days in bloom. — Brazil.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 2755 ; Annales de Gand, 1846, t. 51 (var. vitellinn)
Batem. Orch. Mex. et Guat., t. 36.
Syn. — Gongora speciosa.
CORTANTHES MACTTLATA PUNCTATA.
CyCNOCHES, Lindley,
{Tribe Vandeas, subtribe Stanhopiese.)
A very singular genus of plants, whose flowers are of a most
peculiar form, usually bearing more or less resemblance to a
swan. They are not thought much of by many cultivators of
Orchids, but some are well worth growing, as they are of easy
culture, and produce their flowers freely. The stems, which
are thick and fleshy, are from six to ten inches high, and have
CYCNOCHES. 229
three or four large pi icato -venose leaves with a sheathing base,
which, being deciduous, are lost as soon as they have finished
their growth. The large peculiar-shaped flowers are produced
in erect or nodding racemes from the base of the pseudobulbs ;
they have spreading sepals and petals, a fleshy lip contracted
at the base, and a very long slender arcuate column, which is
somewhat thickened at the apex. Some eight or ten species
of Tropical America are known.
Culture. — They are best grown at the coolest end of the
East Indian house, in pots, with rough fibrous peat and good
drainage, and should have a liberal supply of water at the
roots in their growing season ; afterwards they may be kept
much cooler, and should be placed near the glass, to receive
all the light possible. They are very impatient of moisture
during their season of rest, being speedily destroyed if at all
over-watered. When they begin to grow they must be
moved back into heat. They are propagated by dividing
the pseudobulbs when they begin to start.
C. aureiun, Lindley. — A very attractive and noble species,
known to many by the name of the Golden Swan Orchid.
The flowers are closely set in a long drooping raceme, and
are rather large, with lanceolate flat sepals, petals of similar
form but rolled back from the tip, and a small short-stalked
lip with a roundish disk, the edge of which is broken up into
short curved processes, forked at the point, the two lower ones
larger and distinct. It will succeed well under the treatment
recommended above. — Central America.
Fig.— Paxt. Fl. Card., iii. t. 75 ; Lem. Jard. Fl, t. 264.
C. barbatlim, Lindley. — A singular and curious plant which
appears to connect Cycnoches with Goncjora. It has ovate
compressed pseudobulbs 1^ inch long, solitary elliptic ob-
long plicate leaves, and radical dark purple scapes a foot long,
terminating in a drooping raceme of equal length, bearing many
(50 — 80 fide Rchb.) narrow-petalled but large and handsomely
spotted flowers, of an orange-yellow dotted with dark purple,
280 ORCHID -grower's manual.
the lip white tinged with yellow, and spotted with blood-red,
formed of two portions, the hypochil or basal part with two
large rounded wings, and the front or epichil cordate ovate
and jointed on to the hypochil. The column is very long,
slender, and arched, enlarged and hooded at the apex. —
Costa Plica, Xeic Grenada.
FlG.—Bof. Mag., t. 4479.
Syn. — Polycycnis barbata.
C. cMorocMlon, Klotzsch. — A very interesting species, with
the usual fleshy stems and ribbed leaves, the flowers of
which are of a yellowish-green colour, having a large bright
yellow blotch on the lip ; they are produced in June or July,
and last three weeks in good condition if kept dry. — Demerara.
YlG.—Lindl. Sert. Orch., t. 16 ; Hart, Farad , i. t. 2.
C. Loddigesii, Lindley, — A very curious Orchid. It has
short fusiform stems, covered by the sheathing bases of the dis-
tichous broad lanceolate leaves, and produces its large attractive
fragrant flowers from the top of the stem in drooping racemes
of six or eight together ; they are four inches across, the sepals
and petals of a brownish green, the former with darker spots,
and the latter spotless, but bearing some resemblance to the
expanded wings of a swan ; the trowel-shaped lip is whitish
or flesh-coloured, spotted with blood-red. This plant often
produces two kinds of flowers on one plant very distinct from
each other. It blooms in July and August, and continues in
perfection for three weeks. Sir W. J. Hooker compares the
long curved column thickened at the end to the inflated throat
of the dreaded Cobra de Capella. A desirable species, which
ought to be in every collection. — Surinam.
Fig.— Bot. Reg., t. 1742; Bot. Mag..t. 4215; Id., t. 3855 (var. leuco-
chilum) ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 2000 ; Knowlts and Westc, Floral Cab., t.
15 ; Hart, Farad., ii. t. 13.
C. pentadactyloil, Lindley. — This is a curious species with
fusiform fleshy stems, and broad plicate leaves. The flowers
are very large, in short upright racemes, the colour being
yellowish-green, banded transversely with bold blotches of
brown. It flowers at difierent times of the year, and lasts
long in beauty. — Brazil.
'ElG.—Bot. Reg., 1843, t. 22.
C. Tentricosum, Bateman. — A free-flowering Orchid, with
fleshy stems about a foot high, covered by the sheathing
CYMBIDIUM. 231
bases of the lanceolate plaited leaves, and having drooping
racemes of flowers proceeding from amongst the upper leaves,
the individual blossoms large and sweetly scented, with broadish
sepals and petals which are greenish yellow, the lip white,
the base presenting a blackish callosity where its short claw
connects it with the column. This species sometimes sports
to C. Egertonianum. It blooms in June, July, or August,
lasting fresh about three weeks. — Guatemala.
Fig. — Batem, Orch. Mex, et Guat., t. 5 ; Bot. Jfag.,tA05i (var.) ; Mannd,
Bot., ii. t. 54.
CymBIDIUM, Swartz.
( Tribe Vandese, subtribe Cymbidiese.)
Of the numerous species of this genus, but few are ad-
missible into a choice selection of Orchidaceous plants ;
nevertheless, some of them are very handsome and delicate in
colour. They are all evergreen plants, with close-set tufts of
long leathery or shorter fleshy leaves ; some of them large-
growing plants, with short pseudobulbs, from which the leaves
and flowers proceed. The flowers are large, loosely racemose,
the racemes being often long and pendulous. Some thirty
species are described, chiefly from India, the Malayan Archi-
pelago, and China, but a few outlying species occur in Africa,
Australia, New Caledonia, and Japan.
Culture. — They succeed best grown in the Cattleya house,
and are generally free-flowering plants, some of them pro-
ducing pendulous spikes as much as two feet long. They
require plenty of pot room, as they send out thick fleshy
roots very freely. We grow them in rough fibrous peat and
loam, with good drainage, and a liberal quantity of water at
the roots during their period of growth, but allowing them
less water afterwards. Propagation is efiected by dividing the
232 OECHID-GKOWER's MANUAIi.
C. afflne, Griffith. — This distinct species is of recent intro-
duction, and flowers when in a very small state. The growth
is somewhat in the way of that of C. eburneimi, but the
leaves are considerably broader. The flowers are deliciously
scented, and are produced in racemes upon upright scapes ;
they are intermediate in size between those of C. ehurneum
and C. Mastersii ; the sepals and petals white, the lip white,
blotched with crimson-purple on its anterior part, and the
lower part of the throat also crimson-purple ; crests golden
yellow. — India: Assam and Khasya.
YiQ.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 140 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 346 ; Grif. Notul
iii. t. 291.
C. Dayanilin, Bchh. f. — A very distinct and pretty kind,
somewhat resembling C. eburneum in appearance. It has
tufts of very long (4 ft.) narrow thick - textured leaves,
and many-flowered racemes, which are not erect as in
C. ehurneum, but pendent ; the flowers are yellowish white,
marked with port wine-coloured streaks in the centre of the
sepals and petals, and a border and numerous small streaks
of the same colour on the lip. — Assam.
C. DeYOnianum, Paxton. — A very distinct as well as rare and
handsome species named in honour of the Duke of Devonshire.
It has roundish-oblong pseudobulbs, ovate leathery lanceolate
leaves, and radical peduncles bearing a drooping raceme of
fifteen or more flowers ; the sepals and petals are pale greenish
yellow slightly spotted with crimson-purple, the lip bluntly
ovate, being of a purplish crimson with a large blackish purple
spot on each side. It blooms during April and May. — India.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iv. t. 170 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot. x., 97, with tab.
C. etnirneum, Lindiey. — A remarkably handsome evergreen
species, one of the finest of the genus. It is of very compact
growth, forming graceful tufts of distichous linear-lorate foliage.
The spike is erect, about six inches high, the flowers very large
and fragrant, with pure white sepals and petals, and a lip of
the same colour, with a crispy front lobe, and having a bold
band of yellow in the centre, behind which is a long yellow
fleshy pubescent crest. It blooms in February and March,
and lasts a long time in perfection. A specimen shown by
Mr, Mill, gardener to Lord Rendlesham, bore twenty-nine of
its beautiful flowers, as shown in the Gardeners' Chronicle
cited below.
CYMBIDIUi
SBURNEUM.
CYMBIDIUM. 233
Tliere are three varieties ; of these a very pretty one grown
by J. Day, Esq., Tottenham, is of smaller growth than the
type, the flowers not so large, but the sepals and petals
pure white, as also is the lip, which has a blotch of yellow
in the centre and rose-coloured spots on each side. — Khasya :
elevation 5,000—6,000 feet.
The variety WilliamsiailllllL, Ikhh. /, has the front lobes
of the lip and the tips of the side lobes light purple.
YiG.—Bot. Reg., 1847, t. 67 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5126 ; Balem. 2nd Cent., t.
177 ; Paxton, Mug. Bot., xv. 145, with tab. ; Jennings, Orch., t. 16 ; Warner,
Stl. Orch. PL, i, t. 27 ; Gard. Chron., N.S., xvii'. 497, fig. 78 (specimen
plant).
C. elegans, Lindley. — A very rare and curious species pro-
ducing many-flowered nodding racemes of pale yellow blooms,
which have the peculiarity of remaining half closed. It is
nevertheless worthy of cultivation on account of the distinct
colour of its flowers, which are produced in autumn. It is
one of the bulbless group, with linear-ensiform leaves and
cylindraceous flowers, which are spotted inside the lip with
blood-red. — India : Nepal.
'FlG.—Lindl. Sert. Orch., t. 14.
C. giganteum, WalUch. — This species, though not so
handsome as some others, nevertheless makes a good plant
for winter blooming. It is a rather large-growing kind, with
numerous distichous ensiform leaves, which become dilated
at the base and closely invest the large oblong pseudobulb.
The sepals are radical, two to three feet long, many-flowered
and nodding ; the flowers are fragrant, rather large, yellowish
green, striped with purple, and the lip yellow, densely spotted,
sometimes round the margin only, with bright crimson ;
they are produced during the winter season, and last long in
perfection, if kept dry. — Nepal.
Fig.— Lindl. Sert. Orch., t. 4 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4844 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot.,
xii. 241, with tab.
C. HookerianuiQ, Bchb. f. — An attractive species, similar in
its habit of growth to C. (jiganteum. It is bulbless, with tough
leathery strap-shaped distichous leaves, two feet long, striped
with yellow along their sheathing base. The scape is radical,
erect, nodding in the upper floriferous part. The individual
blossoms are very large, four to five inches in diameter, the
sepals and petals yellowish green, and the lip straw-coloured,
deeper yellow at the margins, near which, on the crispy ciliate
234 orchid-geower's manual.
front lobe, are large blotches of rich crimson-purple, while the
flat fringed acute-angled side lobes are covered with smaller
crimson dots ; a pair of velvety crimson- spotted lamellae
occupy the disk. It should be grown in a pot, and kept in a
cool house, for which it is well adapted. — Sikkim Himalaya.
:Fi(i.—Bot. Mag., t. 6574 ; Batem. 2nd Cent., t. 187.
C. Huttoni, Hook. jil. — A rare and very remarkable-looking
species, growing twelve to eighteen inches high, with elongate
ovoid furrowed pseudobulbs, tipped by two oblong obtuse
thick leathery leaves, and crowded drooping ten-flowered
racemes of flowers, on scapes springing from the base of the
pseudobulbs ; they are very singular in aspect, ringent, the
sepals yellow, closely tranverse- streaked with broken chocolate
lines, the petals wholly of a chocolate brown, and the three-
lobed lip greenish yellow, dotted all over with chocolate.
Externally the flowers are of an olive green colour. — Java.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5676.
C Lowianum, Rchb. f. — A very distinct and beautiful
species, producing long drooping racemes of from eighteen to
twenty flowers. These flowers are larger than in C. ijiganteum,
about four inches across ; the sepals and petals yellowish
green, with several faint sepia brown lines, and the lip cream-
coloured, with the large erect side lobes yellow, and having on
the anterior part a large velvety-maroon blotch margined with
yellow. It flowers in February and March. This plant was
at first thought to be a variety of C. giganteum, but Professor
Keichenbach now believes it to be specifically distinct. There
are several varieties. — India : Burmah.
Fig.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 353 ; Gard. Chron., N.s , xi, 404, fig. 56.
C. Mastersii, Griffith. — A handsome species, much like C.
ehurneum in its tufted distichous narrow ensiform leaves,
and its manner of growth, but the flowers, which are produced
on upright spikes, are very diflerent in shape, white, with a
yellow centre, and have the throat and anterior lobe of the
lip spotted with rosy purple ; they are almond-scented. This
blooms during the winter, and continues long in flower. —
India.
YlG.—Bot. Reg., 1845, t. 50 ; Lem. Jard. Ft., t. 289 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard., iii.
t. 78; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 391.
C. Mastersii album, Rchb. f. — A pretty and chaste variety of
the preceding, having pure white flowers, which are deliciously
CYMBIDIUM.
235
fragrant. This, according to Professor Reichenbach, is distinct
from the old spotted form. Flowers during the winter months.
— India.
C. ParisMi, Bchh.f. — A very handsome and distinct novelty,
having fusiform fleshy stems, and distichous foliage similar to
that of C. eburneuni, but broader. The flowers, which are
sweet-scented, and produced on upright spikes generally three
together, are about the same size as those of C. eburneuni.
The sepals and petals are creamy white, the lip white, with
an orange-coloured central band, and ornamented by nume-
rous violet-purple spots ; the centre of the front portion of
the lip is of a bright orange-colour. This species is ex-
tremely rare ; on one occasion we paid as much as a hundred
guineas for a single plant. It flowers during July and Augusts
— Moulmein.
Fig. — Orchid Album, i. t. 25 ; Xenia Orch,, iii. t. 224,
C. pendulum, Swartz. — A very elegant species of large
growth, with distichous tufts of leathery ensiform strongly
furrowed leaves, two to three feet long, and very long pendu-
lous racemes of moderate-sized yellowish olive-tinted flowers,
having the side lobes and tip of the lip rosy red, the disk clear
white, with two yellow crests on its surface. It blooms in
July or August, and lasts long in beauty. — Sylhet.
Fig.— Bot. Reg., 1840, t, 25; Id., 1844, t. 24 (var, brevilabre) ; Roxb.
Corom. PL, i. t. 44.
C. pendulum atropurpureum, Hook. fil. — A fine and very
distinct variety of C ■pendulum, producing splendid racemes
of flowers, from two to three feet in length, and having the
sepals and petals of a rich deep purple, yellowish green
externally, and the recurved lip white tinged with rose, and
marked with a few crimson-purple spots, the disk yellowish,
with two parallel lamellae. It flowers in May and June, and
remains a long time in perfection. — Fhilvppine Islands,
Borneo.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6710.
C, tigrinum, Parish. — A very pretty plant of dwarf habit,
with small roundish -ovate pseudobulbs, oblong lanceolate,
slightly twisted leaves, five or six inches long, and radical
scapes, bearing a few (about three) large flowers, of an olive-
tinted yellowish green, spotted with red ; the lip clawed, three-
28G okchid-grower's manual.
lobed, the recmveil oblong apioulate middle lobe white
marked \vitli crossbars of crimson-purple, and the erect side
lobes also striped with, purple. The plaut is quite unlike the
other species referred to this genus. — Tenasseriiii Muuntaiiif!,
6,000 feet elevation.
Fm.— Bot. J%., t. 5457.
CrPEIPEDIUM, IJnnccus.
{Tribe Cypripediese.)
This remarkably distinct genus consists partly of terrestrial
and partly of epiphytal species, the tropical kinds included in
this chapter belonging to the latter series. The various
hardy and half-hardy kinds representing the terrestrial group
produce erect leafy deciduous stems -with, the leaves strongly
ribbed ; while the more numerous race of tropical species
have mostly very short stems, bearing leathery leaves, from
among which the one or two-flowered scapes spring up, all
these having one-celled ovaries with parietal placenta?. There
is a third group of tropical kinds (all American) which have
leathery leaves, tall branching flower stems, and three-celled
ovaries, with axile plaeentation. These latter are referred by
some of our highest authorities to the genus Selenipedium, but
for garden purposes they are more conveniently retained in
one group. SelenipccUum is thus separated from Ci/pripcdium
by its three-celled ovai-ies with axile placenta?, 0//o//)('(7iu»( itself
having a one-celled ovary with parietal plaeentation. Many
of the species have beautiful foliage as well as flowers, and on
this account are worth a place in every collection. The form
of the flower is curious, the usually conspicuous parts being
the dorsal sepal erect and highly coloured, two spreading often
elongated petals, and a elipper-formed pouch or lip, on
account of which latter the genus is generall}^ called Our
Lady's Slipper. The tropical kinds are almost all dwarf,
compact, and evergreen, the leaves of some being beautifully
CYPRIPEDIUM.
237
chequered. They produce their flowers from the centre of
the leaf-tufts, on an upright ecape, and rise from six inches to
a foot high or more, the branching Selenipediums sometimes
reaching two or three feet in stature.
There are now a large number of hybrid Cypripediums which
are very fine and distinct, but whether they are all to be con-
sidered as improvements on the existing species is purely a
matter of taste. Some of them certainly are so.
Culture. — These plants are of easy culture, and require but
little space. The majority of the species are best grown in
the East Indian house ; some kinds, however, do better in
a cooler place, and will thrive in a warm greenhouse. We
grow them all in pots with rough fibrous peat, sphagnum moss,
charcoal, and sand mixed together. They all require a liberal
quantity of water during their period of growth ; and as they
need but little rest, they never should be allowed to get too
dry at the roots. The Cypripediums, unlike many Orchids,
have no thick fleshy bulbs to supply them with nourishment,
and hence require a constant artificial supply. They are pro-
pagated by dividing the plants.
C. albo-purpureum, Echb. /. — A handsome hybrid, of
branching habit, obtained by Mr. Seden from C. ScJiUmii
crossed with C. Dominianum . It is of vigorous growth, the
long green linear-lorate leaves forming a spreading tuft from
which the flower stems arise. The flowers are considerably
larger than in C. Sedeni ; the elongate-ovate dorsal sepal has
a slight pinkish tinge on its margin, and the petals, which
are from five to six inches long, are pinkish throughout, and
twisted, hanging down beyond the lip. The pouch of the lip,
■which is rounded at the end, is of a dull crimson-red, the
inflected edges at its base being ivory-white with pinkish
borders, and nearly covered by rosy-coloured spots. The
staminode is a light pink, adorned on each side by many
bristles. — Garden hybrid.
Fig.— Veitch, Cat., 1882, 9, with fig. ; Garden, xxi. 332, with fig.
Syn. — Selenipedium albo-purpureum.
238 okchid-grower's manual.
C. Argus, Rchh. f. — This is a very distinct species, re-
sembling G. harhatum in growth. The oblong-lanceolate sub-
distichous dark green leaves are handsomely tessellated with
yellow-green. The scapes are from one and a half to two
feet high, and bear one large showy flower, of which the dorsal
sepal is whitish striped with green, the linear-oblong petals,
about three inches long, whitish, striped with green towards
the base, rose-coloured towards the tip, heavily spotted with
dark purple spots, many of which are ocellate ; the lip purplish
brown, green on the under-side. It flowers in March and
April, and is peculiar in the well-marked ocellate spots on the
petals. — Philippine Islands.
Fig— Bot. Mag , t. 6175; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 220.
C. Artlnirianum, Bchh. f. — A small-growing hybrid, the
result of a cross between C. insigne and C. Fairrieanum.
It has ligulate leaves and flowers, having the general
appearance of C. insigne Maulei. The dorsal sepal is pale
yellowish green, veined and spotted with blackish crimson ;
the petals are veined with deep crimson, and are turned down-
wards like those of C. Fairrieanum ; the lip is veined and
mottled with brown on a pale greenish yellow ground. —
Garden hybrid.
C. Ashhurtonige, Rchh. f. — A very distinct hybrid variety,
the result of a cross between C. barbatum and C. insigne.
The leaves are ligulate, bidentate at the apex, dark green,
faintly reticulated. The dorsal sepal is large, and some-
what as in C. barbatum ; the petals hgulate, white tinged with
green, and veined with purple ; Up pale purple, tinged with
yellow, and slightly blotched with purple. This distinct
variety was obtained by Mr. Cross, when gardener to Lady
Ashburton, of Melchet Park, Romsey. — Garden hybrid.
'FlG.—Gard. Chron., 1871, 1647, fig. 348; Gartenflora, t. 976.
C. barbatuin, Lindley. — A pretty species, with beautifully
spotted leathery oblong-acute channelled leaves, and purple
downy scapes bearing each a solitary flower, which has the
broad back sepal white striped with purple and green, the
linear-oblong fimbriate petals a good deal stained with purple,
and having a series of black hairy warts along the upper edge,
and the saccate lip dark brownish purple. It produces its
flowers at diff"erent times of the year, lasting six weeks in
bloom. There are many varieties of C. barbatum, some being
CYPEIPEDIUM. 239
much brighter in colour than others. — Malay Peninsula :
Mount Ophir.
¥iG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4234 ; Bot. Rec/., 1842, t. 17 ; Flore des Serves, 1. 1 90 ;
Moore, III. Orch. PL, Uypripedium, t. 8 ; Ann. Sc. Nat., iii. t. 13.
C. barbatum nigrum, Hort. — A charming variety, pro-
ducing finely variegated foliage. The flowers are larger than
those of any of the other forms of C. burhatnm, and in colour
much darker. This variety is sometimes called gigantetim, in
consequence of its large flowers. It blooms in July and
August, and continues six weeks in bloom. — Mount Ophir.
C. "barbatum SUperbum, Hon. — A fine variety which grows
in the same way as C. harhatum, but the foliage is brightly
variegated. The flowers are handsomer, the lip being very
dark, and the dorsal sepal purer white towards the apex ; it
lasts about six weeks in perfection. This makes a fine plant
for exhibition. — ]\Iount Ophir.
C. barbatum Wariierianum, Moore. — A very beautiful and
compact-growing variety, with small distichous oblong acute
distinctly-tessehated foliage. The dorsal sepal is large,
recurved towards the apex, white striped with green towards
the base, and marked with a broad transverse band of vinous
crimson ; the petals are fringed, and have a number of bearded
warts along the upper edge, their upper halves being pale
green striped with dark green, and the lower halves white
towards the base, the remaining portion bright purple tipped
with white ; the lip deep brownish purple. This plant flowers
when very young, in fact every small shoot may be depended
upon to produce its spike. It flowers in March, April, and
May, lasting six weeks in perfection. — India.
'EiG.— Warner, Set. Orch. PI., iii. t. 11.
C. biflorum, Hort. — A handsome plant in the way of C.
barbatum, but with more elegantly variegated foliage. It
grows four inches high; the blossoms are produced on a
scape ten inches long, two flowers sometimes appearing on
one stem ; the dorsal sepal is very handsome, the upper part
beirg white, while the other parts of the flower are purpUsh
brown. It blooms in February and March, and will keep six
weeks in good condition. — India.
C. Boxallii, Rchb. f. — A very distinct and welcome addition
to the large group of acaulescent species. In growth it
240 orchid-grower's manual.
resembles C. villosiim, as well as in the shape of its flowers.
The leaves are broadly ligalate, deep green ; the dorsal sepal
is greenish, broadly margined with white and heavily spotted
with blackish purple nearly to the top ; the petals are
yellowish green marked with reddish brown veins ; the lip
also is yellowish green lightly tinged with dull purple. It
flowers in January and February. The whole of the flower
has a peculiar glazed appearance as in C. villosum. This
should be grown in the cool house. — Burmah.
YlGr.—IUust. Hort., 3 ser., t. 345.
C. calopliylllini, Rchh. f. — This hybrid was raised by
Messrs. Veitch between C. barbatum and C. venustum. The
leaves are large, with beautiful dark tessellation. The dorsal
sepal is similar to that of C. barbatum, but has greener nerves ;
the petals are like those of C. venustum, having the same
wart-like bodies, and strong bristles on the margins ; the
lip in shape and colour is akin to that of C. venustum, but
is much browner than in that species. — Garden hybrid.
C. caluruui, Echh. f. — A very handsome noble and free-
flowering hybrid raised between C. longijiorum and C. Sedeni
in Messrs. Veitch's nursei-y. It forms a thick tuft of elongate
channelled acute green leaves, with tall branched brownish
red stems, bearing in succession large showy flowers, the
dorsal sepal of which is pale green with longitudinal purple
ribs, the petals two and a half inches long, pale green edged
with rosy red near the base, and wholly bright rosy red at
the apex, narrower and more twisted than in C. Sedeni ; the
lip is deep wine crimson externally, and very handsome. It
belongs to the Selenipedium group. — Garden hybrid.
'Eld.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 136 ; Florist and PomoL, 1884, 145, with tab.
Syn. — Selenipedium calurum.
C. Cardinale, Rchb. f. — A very beautiful hybrid raised in
the establishment of Messrs. Veitch & Sons ; it is a cross
between C. Sedeni and 0. SchUmii album, and has the
appearance of a gigantic (7. SchUmii. The dorsal sepal is
blush white faintly striped with green, the petals blush white
with a patch of crimson-purple hairs towards the base ; and
the lip is similar in shape to that of C. SchUmii, but about
an inch in diameter ; it flowers in December. — Garden hybrid.
Syn. — Selenipedium cardinale.
CYPIliPEDlU:^! CAUBATU-VI.
CYPRIPEDIUM. 241
C. caricinum, Lindley. — A very curious and elegant Orchid,
having a singular grassy or sedge-like appearance, and long
creeping rhizomes, totally distinct from those of any of the
other species. It grows a foot or more in height, the flower-
spike rising clear of the stiff narrow channelled foliage, and
producing from four to seven flowers of a pale green colour,
the sepals and petals having a white margin, and the ends
being blotched with rich brown, the latter narrow, deflexed
and twisted, and the oblong lip beautifully marked on the
inner margin by a row of black dots. The staminode is
bordered with black hairs resembling a pair of whiskers. A
very remarkable plant, and well adapted for growing in the
cool house with Odontoglossums. — Peru.
FlQ.—Bot. M(ig., t. 5466 ; Flore des Sevres, t. 1648.
Syn. — C. Pearcti; Selenipedium caricinum,
C. caudatum, Lindley, — This is one of the most remarkable
of Orchids, owing to its singularity of character and appear-
ance, and has no doubt created a greater sensation than
any other member of its genus. The plant is a stemless
evergreen, the ensiform distichous leaves are of a light green
colour, and the flower scapes, which rise from the centre of
the plant, and are produced after the leaf growth is completed,
grow from a foot to eighteen inches high. The sepals
and petals are yellowish, marked with brown, the long tail-
like petals, which are the most extraordinary part of the
plant, often reaching, when fully developed, to the length of
thirty inches, and being more deeply coloured towards the
end ; the lip is of a reddish brown, with the basal part
yellow, beautifully spotted with reddish brown. The plant
blooms during the months of April and May, and lasts in
perfection for several weeks if the flowers are kept from
damp. — Chiriqui, Pent.
FlG.—Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. t. 9 ; Warner, Sd. Orch. PI, ii. t. 1 ; Eooh, Ic.
PI, vii. tt. 658, 659 ; Gard. Chron., N.S., iii. 211, fig. 40 (specimen)
Garden, iii. 313, with fig. ; Flore des Serves, t. 566 ; Pescatorea, t. 24.
Syn. — Selenipedium caudatum.
C. caudatum roseum, Hon. — A variety which grows in the
same way as the type, and blossoms at the same time, but
the flowers are of a dark rose, intermixed with the yellow
and green. It has all the beauty of the species, with addi-
tional charms, especially brilliancy of colour ; it is sometimes
called C. Warscewiczii. — Panama.
Syn. — Selenipedium caudatum roseum.
242
ORCHID-GROWER S MANUAL.
C. cMoroneurum, Rchb. f. — A very distinct and free-
growing hybrid, raised by Mr. R. Warner, of Broomfield. It
has beautifully variegated foliage, and the flowers are large and
well expanded, the dorsal sepal of a bright lively pale green
colour reticulately veined with darker green and bordered
with white ; the oblong petals are also green suffused on the
distal upper half with purple, and furnished with a few black
marginal warts near the base ; and the lip is large, heavily
stained with wine-purple and freely marked with reticula-
tions of a darker purple. It flowers during January and
February. — Garden hybrid.
Fig.— Orchid Album, i. t. 37.
C. ciliolare, Rchb. f. — A distinct and handsome species,
having foliage in the way of C. Argus and flowers similar to
those of C. superbiens, but it is not so handsome as that
species. The dorsal sepal is smaller and curved forward,
and is traversed longitudinally with green veins on a white
ground suffused with purple; the petals are purplish, and
densely spotted with black on the lower halves ; and the lip
is dull purple, and covered with a sort of down. The hairs
on the margins of the sepals and petals are more numerous
and denser than in C. stiperbiens. It blossoms in April and
May. — Malay Archipelago.
C. COncMferum, Rchb. f. — According to Professor Reichen-
bach this plant has the appearance of a giant C. caricinum,
with some attributes of C. Roezlii as to colour, breadth of petals,
leaves, and extension of bracts. The flower has an oblong
triangular dorsal sepal, whitish, veined with pale yellowish
green ; the petals are ribbon-like, twisted, narrow, white
veined with green at the base, brownish crimson towards the
tips ; and the lip is of a pale olive green, with the inflexed
side lobes spotted and freckled with brown, and covered at
the top with shining green warts. This is the result of a
cross between C. caricinum and C. Roezlii, and was raised by
J. C. Bowring, Esq., Windsor Forest. It is a Selenipediwn. —
Garden hybrid.
C. COncolor, Parish MS. — A very distinctly marked plant of
the stemless section. The leaves are leathery, oblong obtuse,
beautifully variegated above and reddish purple beneath. The
scape is short, pubescent, purple, usually two-flowered, the
flowers cream-coloured and finely speckled with minute
CYPRIPEDiUM CONCOLOR.
OYPRIPEDIUM.
243
crimson dots. The sepals and petals are broad, and the lip
comparatively small. We have seen this plant as imported,
and from its appearance should judge that it grows naturally
among limestone rocks. We therefore recommend some of
that material to be mixed with the peat and sand used for
potting. — Mouhnein.
FiQ.—Bot. Mag., t. 5513 ; Batem. ind Cent' Orch. PL, t. 153 ; Illust.
Hort., t. 444 ; Gard. Chron., 1865, 626, with fig. ; Id., N.S., xix. 19, fig. 3,
back figure ; Flore des Serves, t. 2321 ; Florist and Pomologist, 1870, 149,
with fig.
C. CrOSSiamiin, Rchb.f. — A fine garden hybrid raised by Mr.
Cross, of Melchet Court, between C. insigne and C. venustum.
The leaves are oblong,'blotched with dark green upon a glaucous
ground. The sc^pe is purplish, hairy ; the dorsal sepal
broadly ovate, white with green lines and numerous blackish
dots near the base ; the petals are ligulate, brownish copper-
coloured, with blackish dots towards the basilar half, and the
lip brownish yellow with greenish veins. — Garden hybrid.
C. Curtisii, Rchb.f. — A very beautiful acaulescent species,
very nearly related to C. siiperbiens and C. ciliolare ; the lip
is, however, much larger than in the latter and has acute side
angles. The distichous leaves are broad, oblong acute, re-
curved, boldly chequered with oblong dark green blotches on
a dull green ground. The scape is downy, dull wine-purple,
and the flowers large, distinct in character, and showy ; the
dorsal sepal is short and acuminate, greenish with a white
border, and numerous greenish purple nerves ; the petals are
linear- oblong, acute, deflexed, recurved at the tips, greenish
on the upper, whitish on the lower halves, indistinctly veined
with purple and thickly spotted with small magenta-purple
dots, as well as profusely fringed with short blackish hairs ;
the spots are smaller than in C. ciliolare, but continued
around the apex. The lip has a large oblong bluntly rounded
pouch of a dull wine-purple colour with a few darker purple
veins. It flowers in June and July. This fine species was
discovered by Mr. Curtis. — Sunda Isles.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iii. t, 122.
C. Dayanuin, Rchb. f. — A charming plant, the foliage of
which is beautifully but sparsely variegated, and very dis-
tinct from any other of the variegated class. The flowers,
which are large, are produced in May and June, and last a
long time in perfection. The sepals are white with close
L 2
244 oECHiD- grower's manual.
green veins, the petals ligulate, acute, ciliated, purplish
tinged with green, and the acute-lobed lip dull purple. This
species is not so showy in the blossoms as some others, but
the foliage is most beautiful. Two varieties have been
flowered by John Day, Esq., one having darker foliage
than the other, and the flowers also of a darker colour. —
Borneo.
¥iG.—Fl. des Serves, t. 1527 ; Xenia Orch., iii. t. 201 ; Id., t. 209, fig. 3.
C. DominiaiLlini, Bchb. f. — This is one of the many start-
ling results of hybridising realised by Mr. Dominy, whose
name it worthily bears ; it seems exactly intermediate be-
tween its parents, C. caricinuvi and C. caudatum. The leaves
are linear-elongate, broader than in C. caricinum, and the
flower stems are erect, bearing three flowers at one time ;
these are of yellowish green tinged with coppery brown, the
lip deep reddish brown in front with darker reticulations,
yellowish green behind, the incurved mouth also yellowish
with many dark purple dots in groups. In shape the flowers
resemble those of C. caricinum, whilst in size they are inter-
mediate. It is a valuable addition to this fine genus. —
. Garden hybrid.
'ElG.—Flm-al Mag., t. 499; Veitch, Cat., 1873, 12, with fig. ; Florist and
J'omol, 1874, 57, with fig. ; Garden, iii. 491, with fig.
SyN. — Selenipedium Dominianum.
€. Druryi, Beddome. — A most distinct and desirable species
■of the stemless group, having stout ligulate acute leaves about
nine inches in length and an inch and a half in breadth. The
flowers are produced singly on an erect brownish hairy scape.
The dorsal sepal is greenish yellow, covered on the outside
with dark glandular hairs, and having a purplish brown stripe
down its centre ; the petals are broad ligulate, bent somewhat
downwards, greenish yellow, and like the dorsal sepal having a
purplish brown central stripe, marked also with small dark
spots near the base ; and the lip is pale yellow with numerous
brown spots on its channelled base. It was introduced by
Colonel H. Drury, and flowers duiing May and SxmQ.— India :
South Travancore Mountains.
YiG.—Bedd. Icon. PI. Or., t. 112 ; III. Hort., 3 ser., t. 265 ; Floral 3Iag.,
2 ser., t. 425.
C. euryandrum, Bchh. f. — A very distinct hybrid between
C. Stonei and C. barbatum. The plant is of a robust habit
of growth, and has deep green faintly tessellated ligulate
CYPRIPEDIUM GODEFEOY^.
CYPRIPEDIUM. 245
leaves, unequally acute at the apex. The flower scapes are stout
and hairy, bearing from two to three flowers, of which the
dorsal sepal is very broad, roundish and convex, white
stained with crimson and striped with deep crimson-purple
and green, and the broadly ligulate ciliate petals are much
longer than those of C. barbatwn, whitish at the base, with
many lai'ge purplish spots throughout, mostly ranged in
lines ; the lip is like that of C. barbatum, but much larger,
brownish crimson. This variety was raised by Mr. Seden,
in Messrs. Veitch's nursery at Chelsea. — Garden hybrid.
Fig.— Veitch, Cat., 1880, 10, with fig. ; Garden, xix. 636, with fig.
C. FairrieaiLlim, Lindley. — A beautiful rare and distinct
species of the stemless type. The leaves are distichous, loriform
channelled, of a light green colour, and the scapes green and
pilose, the flowers produced very freely during the autumn
months, and continuing in perfection for six weeks. They are
large, with a dark purple ovary ; the broad spreading dorsal
sepal greenish white, beautifally veined with dark purple ; the
petals, which are oblong-lanceolate, white, striped with green
and edged with purple, are peculiarly deflexed and curved like
the horns of a bufialo ; and the large lip is brownish green
with purple reticulations. This plant is seldom seen doing well,
the reason, we believe, being that it usually gets too much heat,
for with us it succeeds best in the Cattleya house. — Assmn.
Fig.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 70 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5024 ; Batem. 2nd Cent.
Orch. PI, t. 140; Xenia Orch., ii. t. 133; Flore des Serres, t. 1244;
Garden, iii. 431, with fig. ; Id., vi. 69, with fig. ; Id., xxiv. 442, with fig.
C. Godefroyse, Godefroy.—Thi?, is a very interesting addition
to the group represented by C. concolor and C. niveum, and is
in some respects intermediate between these two species. The
plant, which is acaulescent, has ligulate oblong leaves, from
four to eight inches in length, purplish red beneath, and
tessellated in a variable manner, with light and dark green on
the upper surface. The flowers, which stand each on a hairy
purple spotted scape, are very charming, the roundish dorsal
sepal and the deflexed oblong ovate bluntly emarginate petals
white, heavily spotted with chocolate purple, while the lip
is pouch-shaped, barely an inch long, white, marked all over
with chocolate-purple spots, those of the outer surface being
brighter. — Eastern Asia.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iv. t. 177 ; Orchidophile, i. 830, with fig. ; Florist
and Pomologist, 1884, 37, with fig. ; Veitch, Cat., 1884, 18, with fig. ; Garden,
sxv. 396, with fig.
246 oechid-growee's manual.
C. grande, Rchh. f. — A truly grand hybrid of the
Sehnipedium group, raised by Mr. Seden, from C. Eoezlii,
fertilised by C. caudatum. It is the most robust-habited variety
which is known, and a most striking plant. The leaves are
sword-shaped, two to two and a half feet long, and of a bright
glossy green. The scape, which is many-flowered, grows three
feet laigh, and stout in proportion. The flowers are large,
with a remarkably extended lip ; the elongate ovate incurved
dorsal sepal is yellowish white, marked with yellowish green
veins ; the petals are ribbon-like, upwards of a foot long,
pendulous, broadest at the base, where they are yellowish
white and hau-y, the narrow pendent portion crimson ; and
the lip is large and prominent, narrow at the base, where the
infolded lobes are whitish spotted with crimson, the front
portion greenish yellow, paler and whitish beneath. The
staminode is pale yellow, slightly flushed with crimson
below, and fringed on its upper edge with blackish crimson
hairs. It is a plant of exceptional merit. — Garden hybrid.
TiG.— Veilch, Cat., 1884, 7, with fig.
C. Harrisianiim, Rchb. /. — This is one of the hybrids
raised by Mr. Dominy, and comes from C. villosum fertilised
by C. harhatum. The result has been a plant in many respects
intermediate, of which there are several varieties. The leaves
are ligulate, tridentate, and tessellated with dark and light
green, as in the latter, while they also have the polished ap-
pearance of the former. The flowers, which grow on a hairy
scape, are larger than those of C. harhahim, but inferior in
size to those of C. villos2im; the upper sepal is broad and
shining, dark purple, tipped with white ; the ligulate spreading
petals are rich purple and glossy ; and the lip is claret-coloured,
tinged with green, the mouth of the sac fringed with bristles.
We find this succeeds well in the Cattleya house. — Garden
hybrid.
Fig.— Floral Mag., t. 431 ; Veitch, Cat, 1870, 24, with fig. ; Florist and
Pom., 1871, 57. with fig.
C. Haynaldiamim, Bchb.f. — This species, which is named
after Dr. Haynald, Archbishop of Kaloesa, in Hungary, comes
very near to C. Lowii. It has long distichous suberect dark
green coriaceous leaves, and hairy green scapes, one to one
and a half foot high, and two or more flowered. The flowers
are large and showy ; the dorsal sepal yellowish green at the
base blotched with bold patches of brown, and pinkish white
CYPEIPEDIUM. 247
on the upper part ; the petals are fully three inches long,
spathulate-oblong, greenish yellow, margined with pale pink
towards the tips, and heavily blotched with brown in the lower
half; and the saccate biauriculate lip is green tinged with
pale purple. It blooms during February and March. — Philip-
inne Islands : Manilla.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 6296 ; Xenia Orch., iii. t. 212.
C. Mrsutissimum, Lindley. — A beautifd bold-habited species
of the stemless section. It has pale green distichous elongate
ligulate carinate leaves, a foot or more in length, and glabrous.
The flowers proceed from the centre of the young growths, on
green hairy scapes a foot long, the whole back of the flower
densely hirsute, the sepals being all ciliated. The dorsal sepal
is rhomboidal-cordate, dark purphsh green with a broad green
margin ; the petals are large, broadly spathulate, very blunt,
ciliated, the narrowed claw-like base undulated, green dotted
with purple, the front part wholly purple ; and the lip large,
deep green tinged with purple. The blossoms, which often
measure six inches across, open in March, April, and May,
and last six weeks in perfection. — India : Bhotan, Assam.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 4990 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PI, t. 149; Flore des
Serves, t. 1430 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, i. t. 15 ; Xenia Orch., ii. t. 132;
Belg. Hort., vii. 353, with tab.
C, Hookerse, Rchb.f. — One of the dwarfer stemless section,
the leaves of which are most beautifully variegated, being of a
bright dark green, finely tessellated with irregular yellowish
green spots or bands ; they are broadly oblong-ligulate, and
fleshy-coriaceous in texture. The flowers are somewhat
deficient in size compared with others, and, if not very showy,
are certainly pretty ; the sepals are yellowish with a green
centre ; the petals spreading, ciliate, spathulate, the narrow
part undulated, green with small purple spots, and the upper
part acute, rosy purple ; and the lip is green suffused with dull
purplish brown. The staminode is purple with pale margins.
— Borneo.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5362; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PL, t. 123 ; Flore des
Serves, t. 1565.
C. insigne, WalUch. — A well-known good old species of the
acaulescent group, furnished with distichous hgulate light
green leaves, and producing its solitary flowers on purple
hairy scapes during the winter months, lasting six weeks in
bloom. The broadly ovate dorsal sepal is greenish below,
248 oechid-growek's manual.
ihickly spotted with purple-brown and tipped with white ;
the oblong-obovate petals and the saccate lip are greenish,
more or less tinged with olive brown. This is a most useful
species for autumn-flowering, and should be largely grown on
account of the long-lasting properties of its flowers ; it thrives.
best when grown in the cool house. — India : Nejjal, Sylhet^
Khasya.
'FiG.—Lindl. Coll. Bot., t. 32 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1321 ; Hooker, Ex. FL,
t. 34 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3412 ; Maund, Bot, ii. t. 56 ; Florist and Pom., 1870,
280, with fig. ; Orchid Album, iii. 1. 155 ; Blume, Rumphia, t. 195 ; Grif. PI.
Asiat., t. 322; Hart, Parad., i. t. 1.
C. insigne albo-marginatum; Hon. — This is a very peculiar
and beautiful variety, having flowers of a yellowish caste.
The dorsal sepal, which is entirely margined with white, is
quite devoid of the spotting usually found in the type. — India.
C. insigne Maulei, Moore. — A very handsome variety of
C. insigne, which has the same habit of growth, but has
shorter and smaller foliage. It flowers at the same time with
the type, but is much handsomer, the broad incurved dorsal
sepal being more tapered below, pure white on the upper
half, heavily and regularly spotted with purple above and
purple-brown below, the spots larger and bolder, so that the
whole flower is richer in colour, while the lip is broader,
and of a light olive brown. The blossoms will continue in
perfection six weeks. This was introduced by Messrs. Maule
& Sons, Bristol, after whom it is named. There seems to be
some confusion in gardens between it and the following (see
Gard. Chron., n.s., viii. 68-i). — India.
Fig. — Floral Mag., t. 57 ; Floi-e des Serres, t. 1564 (poor) ; Gard. Chron.,
N.S., xviii. 716, fig. 126 ; Garden, xxi. 444, t. 342, left-hand fig.
C. insigne punctatnm violaoenm, O'Brien. — This choice
variety is a still finer plant than C. insigne Maulei, the flowers,
which on the whole are rather smaller, being superior in size
as regards the breadth of the dorsal sepal, the white portion of
which is equally broad and conspicuous, the purple spotting
being considerably bolder and more marked ; the lip, more-
over, is smaller and narrower, and of a darker chestnut brown.
It was first bloomed by Messrs. E. Gr. Henderson & Son, and
is found in some collections under the name of C. Chantinii.
— Nepal.
Fig. — Revue Hort., 1878, 130, with tab. (Chantinii) ; Gard. Chron., s.s.,
xviii. 716, fig. 127 ; Garden, xxi. 444, t. 342, right-hand fig. ; Orchidophile,
V. 36, with tab. (Chantinii).
CyPEIPEDIUM INSIGNE MAULEI.
r'^ T
c«^ilfti|J '
> .^.
IM
vy-V
CTPEIPEDinM INSIGNE POKCTATUM VlULiCEDM.
CYPRIPEDIUM. 249
C laeYigatum. — See Cypeipedium philippinense.
C. LawrenceanUDl, Behb. f. — This remarkably handsome
species ^Yas introduced by Mr. F. W. Bnrbidge to the collec-
tion of the Messrs. Veitch, and was named in honour of Sir
Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., a gentleman whose great love of
Orchids fully entitles him to such a compliment. It is one of the
stemless kinds, with distichous broadly oblong acute channelled
leaves, about a foot long, and of a most ornamental character,
being tessellated with a bright whitish green on a dark green
ground, the markings having a very distinct and striking
appearance. The flowers are produced singly or in pairs on an
upright purple downy scape, and are large and showy, the dorsal
sepal being very broadly ovate, white striped with numerous
shining broad purplish lines ; the petals horizontal, broadly
linear-oblong, about half an inch wide and two and a half
long, ciliate, green tinged with purple at the tip, the margins
dotted with several dark purple hairy warts, the lower halves
flushed with pale wine-red ; and the lip two inches long,
almost cylindrical, of a purplish brown above, yellowish green
below. It flowers during the summer months. — Borneo.
Fm.— Orchid Album, t. 22 ; Bot. Mag., t. 6435>; Veitch, Cat, 1879, 9, with
fig.; Florist and Pom., 1880, 112, with fig.; Gard. Chron., N.S., xix. 777,.
fig. 131.
C. Leeanum, Veitch. — A well-marked hybrid between C.
Spicerianum and C. insigne JSLaulei. In its neat habit of'
growth, and in various other points, it takes most after C.
Spicericnium. It has green leaves resembling those of that-
species, and rather taller scapes bearing the handsome,
flowers, which have the dorsal sepal broadly oval, flat, pure
white, similar in form to C. insigne Mmdei, but having a
distinct broad dotted line down its centre, and the base
emerald green with radiating spots of mauve colour running
npwards into the white part ; the petals are similar to C. insigne
Maulei, and the lip a shining brownish red. This is a very
distinct and desirable plant, and was raised by Mr. Seden, and
exhibited by Messrs. Veitch & Sons, in January, 1884. Its
name commemorates W. Lee, Esq., of Downside, one of our
most zealous cultivators of Orchids. — Garden hybrid.
C. longifolium, Warscz. et Rchb. f. — This is a very stately
plant, somewhat robust in growth, producing a distichous
tuft of long strap- shaped dark green carinate leaves, and a
l3
250 ORCHID- grower's manual.
many-flowered puberulous scape, furnished with spathaceous
lanceolate bracts. The flower spike produces a quantity of
flowers, but as far as we have seen but one is fully expanded
at a time ; the dorsal sepal is ovate lanceolate, pale yellowish
green, faintly streaked with purple, the lower sepal large ;
the petals are elongate-lanceolate, several inches long, green,
with a red marginal band, bordered with white ; and the lip is
oblong-ovoid with a wide mouth, green sufi'used with shining
purplish brown. It is not a very showy plant. — Central
America : Chiriqui.
¥lG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5970 ; Florist and Pomologist, 1871, 120, with fig.
Syn. — C. Eeichenbachianum ; Selenipedium longifolium.
C. Lowii, Lindley. — A curious and beautiful Orchid of the
stemless section. The leaves are obloug-ligulate, slightly
notched at the apex, light green. This species produces its
flowers on a spike, generally two or more together — some-
times eight or ten on native specimens, but we have never
seen so many on cultivated plants. It blooms during the
spring and summer, and continues in perfection for two or
three months if kept in a cool house. The dorsal sepal is
ovate, narrowed to the base, downy outside, pale green with
a purplish tinge ; the petals are long, spathulate, ciliated,
the basal half greenish spotted with purple, wholly purple
towards the broader end ; and the lip is large, smooth, bluntly
oblong, purplish green, and shining. It grows naturally upon
very high trees. — Borneo.
'FlG.—Gard. Mag. Bot., i; 297, with tab. ; Flore des Serres, t. 375 ; Florist
and Pom., 1870, 109, with fig.; Ann. de Gand, 1848, t. 195.
C. marmoropliyllum, Rchb.f. — A very curious and interest-
ing hybrid between C. Hookerce and C. barbatum. Professor
Keichenbach describes the leaves as being quite those of G.
HookercB. The scape is tall as in that species, purple. The
upper sepal has the broad base and transverse shape of that of
C. barbatum, and near the margin is washed with purple, in the
■centre with green, all the nerves being green ; the petals are
bent down, like those of C. Hookerce, are more purple, and
are bordered with bristles, having two warts on each superior
limb ; and the lip has the side angles a little more developed
than in C. Hookerce, the inflexed margins being covered
with shining warts. — Garden hybrid.
C. Meirax, Rchb.f . — A distinct and beautiful small-growing
hybrid of the stemless group, raised by Mr. R. Warner,
C"i:PRIPEDlUM: I.OWII.
CYPEIPEDIU:
tflCROCHILUM.
CYPRIPEDIUJI. 251
Broomfield. The leaves are oblong-lanceolate, acute, faintly
mottled with transverse markings above, and of a wine-purple
beneath. The flowers are medium-sized, on dark purple
hairy scapes ; the dorsal sepal is broad ovate, ciliate at the
base, blush white with green and purple stripes or nerves ;
the petals are linear-oblong, ciliate, purplish crimson with green
nerves ; and tlil glossy lip is yellowish green in front, veined
and barred with crimson-purple, the point margined with
deep wine-purple. It blooms during the winter and spring
months, as it completes its growth, and the flowers last six
weeks or more in perfection. — Garden hybrid.
Fia.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 95.
C. meianopllthalnilini, Echb. /.—One of Mr. R. Warner's
fine hybrids. It is a free-growing, free-blooming variety of
the dwarf distichous leaved group, the leaves in this case
being of a pale dull green with coarse elongate reticulations
of a darker green. The flowers are medium-sized, with green
scapes clothed with purpUsh down, the dorsal sepal being
whitish flushed with Indian purple towards the base, and
having green nerves ; the petals are glossy, linear-oblong,
acute, the upper half Indian purple with green nerves, the
lower half a much paler tint of the same colour, and having
several blackish wart-like spots on the base and margins,
which latter are strongly ciliated. It flowers during the winter
and spring months. — Garden hybrid.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 109.
C. microcMlum, Echb. f. — A very interesting and free-
growing hybrid between C. niveum and C. Driiryi. The plait
is of compact dwarf habit, with ligulate recurving finely tessel-
lated leaves. The flowers are broader than those of C. niveum,
and have the upper sepal roundish, apiculate, white with a
central spotted bar, and slight indications of other lines,
several dark cinnamon stripes being evident outside ; the
petals are broad roundish oblong, white with a dark crimson
stripe down the centre, and several lines of small spots on
each side ; and the lip is vevy small, laterally compressed,
white veined with pale green. Raised by Mr, Seden. — Garden
hybrid.
FlG.— Veitch, Cat., 1884, 19, with fig.
C. Morganianum, Echb. f. — This grand hybrid is a cross
between C. superbiens and C. Stonei, and at first sight much
252 oechid-geowee's manual.
resembles the rare C. Stonei platytcenkmi. The ligulate
obscurely tessellated leaves are in the way of those of C. Stonei.
The scapes are three-flowered. The dorsal sepal is elliptic
apiculate, whitish tinged with red, and having dark red veins ;
the petals broad, ligulate, whitish sulphur colour with numer-
ous dark brownish purple spots and blotches inside, while the
lip is similar to that of C. superbiejis, but l^ger, brownish
mauve above and yellowish white below. This novelty was
raised by Mr. Seden in Messrs. Veitch's Nursery, and is
named in honour of Mrs. C. Morgan, of New York, an
enthusiastic collector of Orchids. — Garden hybrid.
:ElG.—Garden, 1883, t. 372.
C. nitens, Bchb. f. — A hybrid raised between C. villosum
and C. insigne Maulei. According to Professor Keichenbach,
it is theoretically a very valuable addition to the rich series of
Cypripediums, and practically it may be regarded as an im-
proved edition of C. insigne Maulei. It has the leaves of G.
villosum, dark green. The dorsal sepal is quite as in Maidei,
but far larger ; the petals are ligulate, wavy, light brown and
ochre colour, reticulate, and very glossy, and the lip has a
narrow subcorneal sac with long lateral horns as in C,
villosum. — Garden hybrid.
C. niTeum, Rchb. f. — A lovely dwarf-growing species, with
close-set distichous oblong acute or emarginate leaves, which
are purple beneath and dull green above, marked with pallid
oblong spots. The scapes are about six inches high, slender,
purplish, and downy. The flowers are satiny white inside,
speckled on the petals with a few minute dots of purple, and
having the exterior of the suborbicular cuspidate dorsal sepal
streaked with bright red at the back ; the lip is exactly ovoid,
with the mouth contracted. It blooms during summer, and
sometimes produces two flowers on a spike. Every one who
sees it is charmed with it, as it is very free-blooming. A
grand plant for exhibition purposes. — Malayan Archipelago :
Tambelan Islands.
:pia.—Bot. Mag., t.5922; III. Hort., 3 ser., t. 83; Floral Mag., t. 543;
Jennings, Orch., t. 28 ; Gard. Chron., N.S., xix. 19, fig. 3, front figure ;
Journ. of Hart., 2 ser., xx. 339, with figs. ; Garden, ix. 524, t. 23 ; Florist
and Pom., 1871, 156-7, with figs.
C. oenautlmill, Rchb. f. — This variety is the result of a
cross between C. insigne Maulei and C. Harrisianum. The
CYPEIPEDIUM. 253
leaves are ligulate, tridentate at the apex, dark green. The
scape is covered with dark hairs, and bears a solitary medium-
sized flower. The dorsal sepal is broad, whitish green at the
base with violet nerves, marked, as in Maulei, with rows of
purple-coloured blotches ; the petals are port-wine colour
flushed with violet, yellowish with dark blotches towards the
base ; the lip also is port-wine colour. Raised by Mr. Seden.
* — Garden hybrid.
C. pardinum, Bchb.f.—A beautiful Lady's Slipper of the
stemless tessellated set. The leaves are Hgulate, mottled
with various shades of green on the upper side, purplish
beneath. The flowers are rather large, and from two to
three are produced upon a spike. The dorsal sepal is white
striped with bright green ; the petals are oblong-ligulate,
acute, the lower portion yellowish green, spotted with pur-
plish black warts, the upper end of a coppery reddish purple,
the edges fringed with fine hairs ; and the lip pale yellow with
green veins. It bears some resemblance to C. venustum. —
Assam.
Fig.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 51,
C. ParisMi, EcKh. f. — A very distinct and noble-looking
plant, with a habit of growth like that of C. phUippineyise.
The leaves are distichous, broadly loriform, leathery, the
apex obliquely obtuse, dark green above, paler below. The
flower spike, bearing from three to six large flowers, is stout,
often two feet high, and hairy. The flowers have ovate pale
green and greenish straw-coloured sepals, and drooping
twisted petals four to five inches long, green with marginal
purple hairy warts at the base, the upper two-thirds deep
purple with an obtuse ciliated apex ; lip green stained with
purple. It should be grown in the East Indian house. —
Moulmein.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5791 ; Orchid Album, ii. t. 86 ; Gard. Chron., 1869,
814, with fig.
C. Pearcei. — See Cypeipedium caricinum.
C. pMlippinense, Rclib. f. — This grand species, which is
better known in gardens by its English synonym, C. loivigatiim,
was discovered by Mr. J. Gr. Veitch growing upon the roots of
Vanda Batemanni; it bloomed for the first time in this country
in the spring of 1865. The long thick distichous oblong-
ligulate or sword- shaped leaves have a polished surface. The
254 obchid-grower's manual.
flower scape is tall, hairy, bearing three or four large showy-
flowers. The dorsal sepal is hairy externally, broadly ovate,
white heavily striped with purple ; the petals are five or six
inches long, narrow, tapering, greenish streaked with brown
at the base, the margins crenulate with dark hairy glandular
spots, the anterior parts chocolate and much twisted ; the lip
is small, dull greenish yellow. — Philippine Islands.
¥ia.—Bot. Mag., t. 5508 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PI, t. 101 ; Flore des
Serves, tt. 1760-61 ; Belg. Hort., 1867, t. 6 ; Floral Mag., t. 298 ; Gard.
Chron., 1865, 914, fig. a.
Syn. — C Imvigatum.
C. politiun, Rchb.f. — A very distinct and richly-coloured
hybrid of the acaulescent group, raised by Mr. E. Warner.
The leaves are rather large, oblong acute, of a palish green,
with numerous dark green chequered markings. The flowers
are equal to those of a good C. Argus; the dorsal sepal is ovate,
acute, glossy, whitish with a reddish wash, nerves green, with
a central bar of deep red from the base upwards ; the petals
are linear-oblong, two and a half inches long, glossy, ciliated
with black hairs, wine-red, greenish towards the base,
where they are marked with several Indian purple warts ; and
the lip is narrowly pouch-shaped, suffused in front with
purplish red, marked with numerous green nerves, greenish on
the sides, the inflexed margins ochre-coloured with brown
warts. It is a very free-blooming kind, flowering in January
and February. — Garden hybrid.
'FlQ.— Orchid Album, i. t. 36.
C. purpuratum, Lindlpy. — A pretty stemless species, with
beautifully tessellated oblong acute foliage, and producing its
flowers during the winter months. The flowers are large, very
much in the way of those of C. harhatuw, but differ in the
broad oval-oblong acute, cihated, not verrucose petals, which
are brownish purple streaked with deeper lines and closely
dotted at the base with dark purple ; the dorsal sepal, which has
more pure white at the end, is acuminate, with revolute edges,
and is boldly striped with purple on a white ground. Sir
W. J. Hooker thinks Dr. Wight's figure quoted below rather
belongs to C. barbatum. — Malay Archipelago.
¥iG.—Bot. Reg., t. 1991 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4901 ; Flore des Serres, 1. 1158 ;
Wight, Icon. PI. Ind., v. t. 1760 (?) ; Bart, Parad., i. t. 1.
C. ReidxenlDacliianiiin. — See Cyprtpedium longifglixtm.
CYPEIPEDIUM. 255
C. Robbelinii, Rchb. f. — This fine plant is a near neigh-
bour of C. philippinense, according to Professor Reichenbach,
but the leaves are narrower, aucl the scape more hairy. The
dorsal sepal is narrow, whitish, with five long aud three very
short dark purple lines ; the lip is light yellow, the staminode
light ochre. This plant appears to have been first bloomed
in this country by Mr. Cypher, of Cheltenham, by whom it
■was exhibited at the Regent's Park Exhibition in May, 1884.
It was introduced by Mr. Sander through his collector, M.
Robbelin, who states that the plant is found near the sea,
growing on stones without any shade, the strongest and most
compact plants being those which are entirely exposed to the
full sun. — Philippine Islands.
C. Roezlii, Rchh.f. — This magnificent species resembles C.
longifolium in habit. The scape or flower-stem grows three
feet high, and bears many flowers. The leaves are two
feet long, two inches broad, ligulate keeled, and of a bright
green. The flowers are very large, the dorsal sepal yellowish
green, with a sufiused rosy purple border, the lateral sepals
flesh-coloured, the linear-lanceolate petals spreading, green,
with a bright red-purple border and tip, and the lip three
inches long, with the saccate portion greenish yellow. It
blooms during March, April, and May ; indeed it may be
called a perpetual bloomer. — New Grenada,
'Fid.— III. Hort., 3 ser., t. 138 ; Floral Mag , 2 ser., t. 119 ; Bot. Mag., t.
6217; GartenJlora,t.7b4:.
Syn. — Sdtnipedium Roezlii.
C. ScMimii, Linden. — A very beautiful species, quite
distinct from most others in its style of growth, as well as in
its flowers. The leaves are ligulate, acute, eight inches long,
light green. The flower stem is hairy, longer than the leaves,
branching, bearing as many as eight flowers, which are two
inches across ; the sepals and petals white beautifully mottled
and striped with dark rose, and the lip white with a large
blotch of deep rose on the front of the pouch. This is a difiicult
plant to cultivate. The imported plants appear as if they had
been growing beside streams of water which are subjected to
being flooded, for the leaves are frequently coated to a great
extent with deposited mud ; and it would, therefore, appear
that our difficulties with this plant have arisen chiefly from an
insufficient supply of water. We pot in peat, adding a little
turfy loam and sand, with good drainage, and take care that
266 ORCHID- GEOWEB S MANUAL.
water does not lodge in the heart of the plant. It is best
grown at the cool end of the Cattleya house. — Colombia; New
Grenada: Ocana.
-piQ.—Bot. Mag., t. 5614 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PL, t. 200 ; III. Sort.,
3 ser., t. 183 ; Pescatorea, t. 34 ; Flore de$ Serves, t. 1917 ; Xenia Orch.,
i. t. 44,
Stn. — Selenipedium Schlimii.
C ScMimii albiflorum, Lemaire.—K very pretty variety,
differing from the type in being more robust and free-growing
in habit, with shorter leaves. The flowers have the sepals
and petals white dashed with delicate pink at the base, and
the lip is white suffused with rose, more deeply coloured
opposite the column, which is bright yellow. It flowers
during the winter months. — Colombia.
Fig.— III. Hort., t, 183.
C, Sclirdderse, Rchb. f. — A very distinct and beautiful
hybrid between G. caudaUim and C. Sedeni, raised by Mr.
Seden, and named by Messrs. Veitch in compliment to the
Baroness Schroder. A fine specimen of it was exhibited by
Mr. Ballantyne, gardener to Baron Schroder, The Dell, Staines,
in December, 1883. It is a really grand plant, with leaves as in
C. Sedeni, and a branching stem with several large and high-
coloured flowers. The dorsal sepal is pale reddish green
lined with greenish purple ; the petals, which are four inches
long, very broad, and turned downwards, are whitish green in
the centre, and stained with purple -crimson ; and the lip is
large, similar in shape to that of C. caudatum, of a dull
crimson. The plant blooms in December. — Garden hybrid.
C. Sedeni, Rchb. f. — A very handsome hybrid raised
between C. Schlimii and C. longifolium. The leaves are
strap-shaped, tapering to a point, deep green, and about a
foot in length. The flower stem, which is taller than the
leaves, bears several blossoms, which are large and showy,
the sepals being ovate, greenish white, the petals longer,
twisted, white edged with crimson-purple, and the lip rich
crimson, spotted inside with crimson on a white ground.
This Lady's Slipper may be said to be a continuous bloomer,
as it throws up a succession of flowers from the same spike.
We have found it do best in the Cattleya house. It belongs
to the Selenipedium group.
'ElG.— Jennings, Orch., t. 4 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., tt. 206, 302 : Veitch, Cat.,
1874, 7, with fig.
Stn. — Selenipedium Sedeni.
CYPRIPEDIUM SPICERANUM.
}'% '//?:■
CYPKIPEDIU3I. 257
C. Sedeni candidulum, Echb. /. — A hybrid between C.
longifolium and C. Schliinii (dbijiorum, raised by Mr. Seden.
The sepals and petals are white, with a rosy hue on the edge,
and the lip is of fine warm purple. The petals are narrower
than is generally the case in C. SchUmii. — Garden hybrid.
C. selligerum, Veitch. — A very desirable and distinct hybrid
between C'. philippinense (IcBvigaturii) and C. barbatuin. The
plant is of bold massive habit, with broad thick shining faintly
tessellated leaves, as in C. jjhilippinense. The flower scape
is erect, blackish crimson, pubescent, and bears from two to
three large flowers, of which the dorsal sepal is white with
broad blackish crimson veins ; the strongly ciliated petals are
about three inches long, deflexed, with a partial twist, vinous
red veined with crimson-purple, and having several blackish
marginal warts, especially on the upper side ; and the lip or
pouch is similar in shape to that of C. barbatum, but of a
lighter red colour. — Garden hybrid.
'Fig.— Veitch, Cat., 1878, 13, with fig. ; Gard. Chron., N.S., xix. 776, fig.
133 J Florist and Pom., 1878, 85, with fig,
C. Spiceriamim, Echb. f. — One of the most distinct and
beautiful species of the stemless group of this large and rapidly
increasing genus, and one so highly appreciated by Orchid-
lovers, that at a recent auction sale a plant realised 100 guineas.
It has been named in honour of H. Spicer, Esq., Woodlands,
Godalming, who first introduced it to England. In growth it
somewhat resembles C. insi<jne. The leaves are few^, distichous,
linear- oblong, acute, keeled, dark lurid green, the sheathing
base slightly spotted with purple. The scape is pubescent,
purple, the flowers solitary, from two to three inches in
diameter, the dorsal sepal very large, about two inches across,
green at the base, otherwise pure white, with a broad purple
stripe extending from the base to the apex ; the petals are
pale green with beautifully undulated margins, striped and
spotted with purple ; and the lip is a deep brownish pm-ple.
The staminode is very conspicuous, being of a bright magenta-
purple margined with white. It flowers in October, November,
and December. Some of the varieties are tinged with rose on
the dorsal sepal. — India : Assam.
Fig.— Bot, Mag., t. 6490 ; Orchid Album, iii. t. 119 ; Gard. Chron., N.S.
xiii. 41, fig. 7 ; III. Hort., 3 ser., t. 473 ; Xenia Orch., iii. t. 231 ; Florist and
Pom., 1882, 179, with fig.; Garden, xvii. 169, with fig. ; Id. xxiii. t. 378
(blush var.).
258 ORCHID-aEOWER's MANUAL.
C. Stonei, Loiv. — This superb species first flowered in the
fine collection of J. Day, Esq., of Tottenham, after whose
Orchid-grower it is named. It has thick fleshy roots, and
produces few dark green leathery oblong mucronate leaves,
ten or twelve inches long, from the midst of which the dark
purple scape ascends to the height of two feet, bearmg three
or four flowers. The sepals are large, white within, streaked
with deep purple-brown, and stained with dark purple on the
outer side ; the petals are five inches long, curved down-
wards, yellow for two-thirds of their length, streaked and
blotched with brown-purple, the tip wholly brown-purple ; and
the lip is large, purplish red with darker purple veins. The
lip is peculiarly slipper-like in form. It produces its blossoms
during autumn. There are several varieties, but all are worth
growing. — Borneo.
-piG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5349 ; Bafmi. 2nd Cent. Orcli. PI, t. 141 ; III. Hort ,
t. 355 ; Jennings, Orch., t. 12 ; Flore des Serves, t. 1792 ; Orchid Album,
i. t. 8.
C. Stonei platytsenium, Bchh. f. — This handsome variety
is much superior to the type and a grand addition to its
class. It was imported by the Messrs. Low & Co., of
Clapton, many years ago, and first flowered by John Day,
Esq., of Tottenham. The flowers are conspicuous from
the breadth of their petals. The dorsal sepal is white with
purple stripes ; the broadly ligulate petals are four to five
inches in length and three-fourths of an inch in breadth,
curved downwards, whitish on the outer surface, spotted and
tinted with yellow, deep crimson-purple at the tips, the inner
surface white blotched with reddish purple ; the lip is similar
to that of C. Stonei, rosy purplish veined with darker purple.
— Borneo.
'Fig.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI., iii. t. 14 ; Floral Mag , 2 ser , t. 414 ; Xcnia
Orch., ii. t. 161 ; Gard. Chron., 1867, 1118, with fig.
C. SUperMens, Bchh. /. — This very handsome species may
be regarded as the best of the C. harhatum group. It is of
free growth and good habit, and has finely variegated
foliage, so that when out of bloom it has a beautiful appear-
ance. The flowers are large, with a broadly ovate acuminate,
ciliated, white dorsal sepal, closely marked by longitudinal
veins, which are brownish purple at the base and green above ;
the oblong ligulate bluntish petals are upwards of three inches
long and nearly an inch broad, white suffused with green
CYPKIPEDIUM. 259
tcvards the base, purple towards the apex, itregularly but
thickly spotted with purple, and having a row of large spots on
the ciliated margins ; the lip is oblong obtuse, with the claw-
like base inflexed, verrucose, pale rosy purple, the pouch of
a rich brownish purple, with the posterior angles produced and
bluntish, and the front marked with coarse reticulations. The
staminode is obtusely triangular, white, with the centre veined
with green. It blooms in June and July, and continues a long
time in flower, so that it is invaluable for home decoration or
exhibition purposes. When well grown this makes a grand
plant. — Java, Assam.
YiG.— Warner, Orch., ii. 1. 12 ; Til. Hort., t. 429 ; Floi-e des Serves, 1. 1463 ;
Id., t. 1996 ; Xenia Orch., ii. t. 103 ; L'Bort. Franc, 1859, t. 8 ; Florist and
Pom., 1871, 209, with fig. ; Garden, iii. 239, with fig.
Syn. — C, Veitchianum; C.barbatum Veitchii,
C. SUperciliare, Rchb. /.—An interesting cross between
C. barhatum and C. superhiens, resembling the latter parent in
all its parts ; the flower is, however, smaller than in that species,
though the leaves are similar, being broadly ligulate and finely
tessellated. The scape is hairy and one-flowered. The dorsal
sepal is ovate triangular, the petals ligulate ciliate marked
with warts and blotches except towards the tip. — Garden
hybrid.
C. Swanianum, Rchb. f. — A very beautiful and distinct
hybrid, the result of a cross between C. Dayanum and
C. barbaticm. It was raised by Mr. Swan, gardener to
W. Leach, Esq., Fallowfield, Manchester. The leaves are
broadly ligulate, acute ; in their markings they very much
resemble the dark tessellated form of C. Dayanum, and are
equally handsome. The flowers are long-stalked, and about
as large as those of C. barhatum, the dorsal sepal being large
and broad, white boldly veined with purplish crimson ; the
broad petals are bent down, bordered with retrorse bristles
and having a few small warts on the upper edge, pale
vinous red with green nerves ; and the lip is large, dark crimson
purple with shining warts on the inflected sides of the base.
A very beautiful plant, which should be included in every
collection. There are several varieties of this plant. — Garden
hybrid.
C. VeitcManuni. — See Cypeipedium superbiens.
260 ORCHID-GROWEB S MANUAL.
C. venustum, Wallkh. — A handsome species of the acau-
lescent group. The leaves are light green mottled with deep
green, and on the under side green mottled with purple.
The dorsal sepal is greenish white with purple stripes ; the
petals ligulate, ciliate, warted with purple, greenish with
purple tips ; and the lip yellowish veined with green and
flushed with purple. It is a pretty cool house species, and is
very useful for cutting. — Sylhet.
¥lG.—Bot. Mag., t. 2129 ; Bot. Reg., t. 788 ; Hook. Exot. FL, t. 35 ;
Loddiqes, Bot. Cab., t. 585 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, ii. t. 24 ; Hart, Parad., i.
t. 4 ; Rchb. FL Exot., t. 100.
C. vemistum spectabile, Williams. — A very handsome form
of this useful winter-flowering species. The leaves are beauti-
fully mottled with green. The flowers are medium sized,
produced singly, and are far handsomer than those of the
type ; the dorsal sepal is white broadly striped with green ;
the petals greenish white streaked with deeper green, and
tipped with rosy red ; and the lip greenish yellow tinged
with rose. — Sylhet.
'ElQ.— Warner, SeL Orch. PL, in. t. 24.
C. vernixium, EM. f. — This is a hybrid of the stemless
group, raised between C. Argus and C. villosum. The leaves
are as large as those of C. villosum, but have tessellated
markings very faintly developed. The scape is stout, covered
with short hairs. The flowers present a remarkable combina-
tion of ochreous brown, crimson, and green, with fainter spots
on the petals than on C. Argus, and having the varnished
surface of C. villosum. The dorsal sepal is Hght green, with
darker nerves, having rows of black spots along their basal
parts ; the petals are ligulate blunt undulate, with bristles on
the upper border, washed with warm dark brown and shining ;
and the lip is light greenish olive, with a brown face and con-
spicuous nervation. Kaised by Mr. Seden. — Garden hybrid.
C. vexillarium, Rchb. /.—This is an elegant hybrid, raised
by Mr. Dominy, and is the result of a cross' between C.
Fairrieanum and G. barbatum, the flowers being exactly
intermediate. It is remarkable for its dwarf habit. The
leaves are pale green, with a few darker markings. The
flowers are large, with the dorsal sepal whitish tinged with
green towards the base, sufi"used with light purple, and
marked with port-wine coloured veins ; the petals are deflexed,
CYPRIPEDIUM VILLOSUM.
OYPEIPEDIUM. 261
bluntly acute, the edges slightly wavy and ciliate, purplish
tinged with green, and furnished with a few warts ; and the
lip is large, light brown veined and tinged with green. It is
a summer-flowering plant, and at present is rare. — Garden
hybrid.
¥lG.—Veitch, Cat., 1879, 10, with fig. ; Florist and Pom., 1880, 13, with
fig. ; Gard. Chron., N.S., xix. 781, fig. 135 (marked selligerum by error) ;
Garden, v. 103, with fig.
C. villosum, Lmdley. — A desirable species of the acau-
lesccnt group. The leaves are of a light green colour, freckled
on the lower exterior part with
dark spots. The scapes are vil-
lose, about a foot high, producing
solitary flowers, often measuring
five inches across, and having a
fine glossy appearance over their §^.
whole surface, which is orange ^-^^^
red intermixed with light green
and dark purple, the dorsal sepal
being green. It blossoms during
April and May, and continues
from six to eight weeks in per-
fection. This makes a fine sub- cypripedium villosum.
ject for exhibition, on account of
its distinct colour, and its long continuance in flower. The
plant succeeds well in the cool house with the Odontoglossums,
&c. — Moulmei7i and Tonghoo Mountains, Bhotan.
YlQ.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, ii. t. 30 ; Pescatorea, t. 48 ; Flore des
Serres, t. 1475 ; III. Hort., t. 126 ; Florist and Pom., 1870, 211, with fig. ;
Id., 1882, 35, with fig. ; Garden, iii. 415, with fig.
C, villosuin aureum, Williams. — A remarkably distinct
and fine variety. The flowers are six inches across, and have
the upper part of the dorsal sepal bright yellow, broadly
margined with white. — Moulmein.
C. "Wallisii, Rchh. f. — A very distinct and beautiful plant
belonging to the C. caudatum section. The leaves are ligulate,
acute, and leathery, and the stems three to five-flowered.
The sepals are elongate ovate, pale green distinctly striped
over their entire surface with bright green, and having a few
green spots in the centre ; the petals are about eight inches
long, broadish for about two inches at the base, and then
passing into a very narrow tail, white strongly veined with
at)a OECHID-GEOWER S MANUAL.
green, the apical portion tinted with very pale brown ; the
lip is large and handsome, white spotted and veined with
crimson, its mouth margined with yellow. We believe this
was first flowered by C. Winn, Esq., The Uplands, Selly Hill,
Birmingham. — Ecica dor.
Fig. — Xenia Orch., ii. t. 181.
Syn. — Sdenipedimn Wallisii.
C. Williamsiainiill, Rchh. f. — A very fine variety, and
according to Keichenbach the best of the crosses obtained
by Mr. R. Warner, reminding one both of C. villosum and
C. Harrisianum. The leaves are distinctly tessellated, and
the scape is light brown and hairy. The flowers have the
dorsal sepal oblong acute, very large, white with a dark
blackish brown central bar and prominent green nerves ; the
petals are oblong-Hgulate, acute, ciliate on both margins, and
having numerous small black dots in rows near the base, a
dark brown median line of a reddish brown hue along the
upper side, and white with a coppery tint on the lower, the
chief nerves green on both halves, but nearly vanishing in
the upper ; the lip is yellowish beneath, light brown above,
with an ochre-coloured border. — Garden hybrid,
Ctetochilum. — See Oncidium.
CyRTOPERA, Lindleij.
( Tribe Yandeae, subtribe Cyrtopodiese.)
A small genus of terrestrial plants, containing a few very
handsome species. It is united by Bentham and Hooker with
Cyrtopodium, from which it difi'ers in its simple inflorescence,
and in the lateral sepals being wider at the base and connate
with the foot of the column. They have fleshy stems, in
some cases short and tuberous, in others more elongated
and fusiform, long thin plaited dark green leaves, and flowers
generally of a showy character in erect spikes springing from
the root. The few known species are widely scattered, occur-
ring in India, Madagascar, South Africa, Peru, and the West
Indies.
CYRTOPODIUM. 263
Culture. — These plants resemble Bletias, and should be
treated in the same manner. They should be potted in a
mixture of turfy loam, peat, and sand, but not elevated upon
a cone above the rim of the pot. During the growing season
they should be placed in the East Indian house ; but during
rest a cool and moderately di-y atmosphere is best.
C. flava, Lindlcy. — A very pretty plant, not much known
at present amongst Orchid-growers. It has somewhat the
appearance of a Bletia, with long lanceolate plicate leaves, and
a tall many-flowered scape, two to three feet high, bearing
large flowers, the sepals and petals of which are rich yellow,
and the lip a rather paler yellow. — Northern India.
C. sanguinea, Lindley. — A handsome plant, somewhat
variable in its colouring, with thick oblong annulated
tubers, from which springs up an erect leafless scape a foot
and a half high, with sheathing bracts on the lower part, and
above a raceme of numerous red-purple flowers two inches
in diameter, with a three-lobed limb produced into a short
blunt spur behind, the front lobe expanded, roundish, white
bordered with rose, and the side lobes also rosy, having each
a dark spot inside. — Sikkhn Himalaya, tropical region, at
3,000—6,000 feet elevation.
'Em.—Bot. Maq., t. 6161.
Cyetopodium, H, Brown.
(Tribe Vandcffi, subtribe Cyrtopodieae.)
These are large-growing plants, yet are well worth culti-
vating, especially where room is not an object, for if well grown
they are noble-looking objects even when not in bloom. They
are terrestrial herbs, with fusiform fleshy stems bearing a few
long plicately-veined leaves, contracted into a petiole, which
becomes dUated and clasps the stem ; the large compound
radical panicles bear moderate-sized showy flowers, the lip of
which has a geniculate claw, forming with the base of the
lateral sepals a short mentum or chin. The flowers grow
264 orchid-geower's manual.
up with the young growth in s^Dring. The species are com-
paratively few in number, and are found in the West Indies
and Tropical America.
Culture. — We well remember a splendid plant of Cyrtopo-
dium punctatum— one which Dr. Lindley regarded as a grand
specimen — being exhibited by us at Chiswick many years ago.
To grow it in like manner would require a large pot or tub
and plenty of room, but it well repays the cultivator if space
can be allowed. The best soil is a rich fibrous loam and
rotten dung to produce vigorous growth, and when the plant
is strong enough it will flower ; after the growth is completed
give it a long rest with little water, until it shows signs of
growth in spring, when water should be applied to the roots
freely and more heat given. The flowers are produced from
the young growth just after starting in spring. The plants
require the heat of the East Indian house when growing ; but
after they have finished their growth the heat of the Cattleya
house will be sufficient.
C. Andersoni, B. Brown. — A noble Orchid, of easy culture,
requiring plenty of heat and moisture when growing. The
fleshy stems grow five feet high, with long lanceolate plicate
leaves sheathing at the base. The scape, which grows up in
spring before the leaves, reaches three feet in height, and
bears a panicle of showy flowers, of which the sepals and
petals are about equal in size, yellow with a faint tinge of
green ; and the lip is three-lobed, rich yellow, with the large
side lobes erect and the frond lobe spathulate. — West Indies.
-EiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 1800 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 121 ; Bot. Reg., 1841, t. 8.
C. cardiocMlum, Lindley. — A tall-growing plant, with stout
fusiform curved stems, sheathed by the membranous base of
the linear-lanceolate acuminate plicate leaves. It has a forked
raceme of showy yellow flowers tinged with green, on a tall
scape which springs from the root quite distinct from and
taller than the leafy stems. The flowers are nearly two inches
across, and being of a bright yellow with broad sepals and
petals, they are very showy ; the lip is brighter yellow,
DENDROBIUM.
265
recurved, with the front lobe concave ; they grow in a long
erect raceme, forked at the base, which terminates the scape. — •
Native Country not known.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iv. t. 176.
C. pimctatuin, Limlley. — This, like C. Andersoni, ia a
noble plant, but it is not so tall, and is a more profuse
bloomer. It has cjlindiical slightly compressed stems two feet
or more in length, crowned with a tuft of six or eight long
linear-lanceolate curved leaves, which render it a striking
object in an Orchid collection, even when out of bloom. The
scape arising from the base of the stem is erect, nearly three
feet high, spotted with purple-brown, and bearing a panicle of
large handsome flowers, which are yellow spotted with red,
the lip having a broad red -purple margin ; they are produced
in April and May. In addition to the flowers the large bracts
at the base of each branch are also marked in the same
manner as the sepals and petals, which greatly increases the
display of colour. — West Indies ; Brazil.
¥lQ.—Bot. Mag., t. 3507 ; Sertmi Orch., t. 12.
S YN. — Epidtndrum punctatum.
DeNDEOBIUM, Sicartz.
{Tribe Epidendreae, subtribe DendrobieEe.)
A very extensive as well as magnificent genus of Orchids,
partly consisting of plants with tall jointed stems, bearing
lateral or pseudoterminal racemes of flowers, and partly of
pseudobulbous species which have their floral racemes ter-
minal. Some of the species produce very large flowers, which
are delicate in colour, and delightfully fragrant ; some of
them blossom very freely, and are very ornamental ; some
are evergreen, retaining their leaves all the year round, whilst
others are deciduous, flowering on the ripened leafless stems.
Being, however, a large genus, comprising some 300 species,
it contains also many plants of but little interest to the
amateur, though well deserving cultivation in a botanical col-
lection. Those we describe below are among the finest in
266 oechid-grower's manual.
cultivation. Their chief peculiarity consists in the base of
the lip being more or less contracted into a claw, lying upon
or adnate to the foot of the column. They are scattered
abundantly over India, and more sparingly in the South
Pacific Isles, and Australia, and Japan.
Culture. — So extensive a genus must needs be variable in
habit, and in the treatment the several species require. Some
of them are compact in growth, while others are straggling ;
and some are very graceful, especiall}' when cultivated in
baskets and suspended from the roof, in order that their
pendent stems may hang down and exhibit the flowers to the
best advantage. All the drooping kinds, indeed, require to be
gi-own either in baskets, or on blocks of wood. Though re-
quiring different treatment, they may all be successfully culti-
vated with proper attention. The majority of the species are
found in India and the Indian Islands growing on the branches
of trees — frequently such as overhang streams of water.
To grow these plants to perfection, they must have decided
periods of rest and of growth. It is quite necessary for the
production of a good crop of flowers that they should make
strong stems or pseudobulbs, and it is equally essential that
these growths should be well ripened. Some of the sorts are
best grown in pots, with peat and good drainage ; others do
best on blocks of wood. Nearly all of them should be placed
in the East Indian house during their period of growth, as
they require a good supply of heat, a moist atmosphere, and
a liberal quantity of water at the roots ; in fact, the moss or
peat should never be allowed to get dry while they are making
their growth. After the growth is finished, they may be
allowed a good season of rest by moving them into a cooler
house ; and during the time they are in the cool house they
must have very little water, only just enough to keep the
stems from shrivelling. This is the only way to make them
DENDEOBIUM. 267
grow vigorously and flower freely. When they begin to
make new growth they should be moved back into a warmer
house, and treated as above described. They generally com-
mence to grow after their flowers have faded. These remarks
apply to the East Indian kinds.
There are many of the Australasian species which succeed
admirably in a cool house ; but some few even from that
continent enjoy the treatment of the East Indian house
during the season of growth, and we have found D. bigibbum,
D. sujjerhiens, D. Goldiei, and a few others do best in a stove
where Crotons were grown and where no shading was used.
When the growth is completed, they should be gradually
inured to a cooler temperature, and supplied with a reduced
quantity of water. In the case of D. sjMciosum and D. Hillii
the plants should be removed to the open air for a few weeks
towards the end of summer, which will thoroughly ripen their
just-matured stems. They should, however, be returned to
the cool house before any danger from the fall of the external
temperature is to be apprehended, and be placed in a gentle
heat at the commencement of winter to start them into flower if
they are required to bloom at that season ; but if not wanted
until the spring they are to be kept cool and dry all the winter.
They are propagated in diflerent ways. Some of them
form plants on the old stems, which should be cut ofi" and
potted. Some are propagated by cutting the old stems from
the plants after they have done blooming, and laying them
on the moist warm surface of a hotbed, or propagating pit,
to induce them to break at the joints. Others, again, are
increased by dividing the plants according to the directions
given in the chapter devoted to remarks on Propagation.
D. aduncuni, WalUch. — A rather straggling growing ever-
green species, producing its flower spikes from the old slender
M 2
268 oechid-geowek's manual.
drooping stems, the short three to five-flowered racemes being
protruded through the scarious sheaths just above the joints.
The small blossoms are white tinted with pink, and appear at
different times in the year, lasting some two or three weeks
in perfection. The leaves are linear-lanceolate acute. It
succeeds best grown lq a pot with peat and good drainage.
This species is not so showy as many of the Dendrohiums,
but it is well worth growing where there is room for it. —
India.
Fig.— Bot. Beg., 1846, t. 15.
D. aggregatum, Eoxb. — A pretty dwarf evergreen species,
growing about four inches high, with clustered one-leaved
oblong-ovate furrowed pseudobuibs, the inflorescence con-
sisting of a short loose raceme being produced from the axil
of a small scale on the side of the pseudobulb ; the flowers
are deep golden yellow with an orange yellow stain at the
base of the pubescent lip. D. agyregatum majus is a large-
flowered variety. They flower in March and AprU, lasting
two weeks in bloom, and wiU do either on a block or in a
pot with peat. It is a desirable species. — India.
Fig.— Bot. Reg., t. 1695 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3643 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., vi. 145,
with tab. ; Annales de Gand, 1849, t. 263.
D. AinSWOrtMi, Moore. — A beautiful and free-blooming
hybrid, between!). 7iobile and D. aureuvi{heterocarpum). The
stems resemble those of D. nobile, and the plant is quite as
free a grower as that parent, blossoming from the mature
stems ; the leaves are linear-oblong. The flowers, which are
produced in February and March, are deliciously scented, the
sepals and petals pure white, the lip marked with a large
central feathered blotch of rich bright amaranth or claret-
purple. This variety was raised by Mr. Mitchell, gardener to
Dr. Ainsworth, of Manchester. — Garden hybrid.
Fig.— Card. Chron., N.S., i. 443, figs. 93, 94 ; Id., viii. 166, figs. 30, 31,
32 (specimen plant) ; Id., xvi. 625, fig. 125; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 196 ;
Florist and Pom., 1874, 114, with figs.
D. AinswortMi roseum, Moore. — A very handsome deeper
coloured variety of the preceding, in which the sepals and
petals are of a bright clear rosy magenta and the lip amaranth
crimson with a dark spot, feathered at the edge, and traversed
by deeper crimson veins. It flowers in February and March,
and was raised, we believe, in the game batch of seedlings as
the foregoing. — Garden hybrid.
Fig.— Orchid Album, i. t. 20.
DENDKOBIUM. 'Zb\)
D. albo-sangumeum, LindUy. — A distinct and compact-
growing plant, with thick erect knobby stems a foot high,
and thicker upwards. The leaves are broad and firm, and the
very large flowers grow in pairs from the joints near the top.
The flowers have the sepals and petals creamy white, while
the very large squarish flat hp is of the same colour, with a
crimson blotch on each side near the base. It blooms in
May and June, lasting a long time in perfection, and is a
distinct Orchid, and a fine showy plant for exhibition. Mr.
Lobb describes the wild plant as producing the flowers in
racemes of five or six together. It thrives well on a block
with sphagnum moss, or it will do well grown in baskets with
sphagnum, and seems to be quite at home, for the bulbs become
very strong. It requires plenty of water during the growing
season, enjoys an abundance of light, and likes the warmest
house. — Moulmein.
'FiG.—Paxt. Fl. Gard., ii. t. 57; Flore des Sevres, t. 721 ; Lem. Jard. FL,
t. 203 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5130 ; Batem. 2nd Cent., t. 173.
DENDROBirrM AMCENUM.
D. amcenum, WalUch. — A very pretty species, producing
long slender fascicled pendulous stems two feet long, linear-
lanceolate acuminate wavy leaves, and short racemes, one to
three-flowered, from the nodes of the stem. The sepals and
petals are pure white, tipped with magenta, the lip broadly
270 oechid-geot^'ee's manual.
ovate with a trumpet-shaped mouth, white, with the tip deep
magenta-purple, marked with three deeper-coloured veins,
and the concave base yellow with a velvety surface. The
flowers are very fragrant. — East Indies : Nepal and Sikkim,
5,000 feet elevation.
Fig. — Bof. Mag., t. 6199 ; Knoioles and Westc, Floral Cab.^ iii. t. 117 ;
Gard. Chron., N.S., iii. 305, figs. 57, 68 ; Id., xvi. 625, fig. 126.
D. anosmum, LindJey. — A magnificent species, in the way
of D. sxiperhum, but not having the rhubarb scent which is
characteristic of the flowers of that species ; the sepals and
petals, moreover, are broader, thus forming fuller and better-
shaped flowers. The long thick pendent stems are like those
of D. superbum, and the foliage and general aspect of the plant
are similar ; the flowers are large, and produced in pairs at the
nodes, the colour being a beautiful rosy lilac, with a large
deep purple-crimson spot at the base of the lip. It blooms
during the spring months, the blossoms lasting two or three
weeks in perfection. Even now this is a scarce plant, and
is best grown in a basket, as it is di'ooping and deciduous. —
Manilla.
Fig. — Faxton, Mag. Bot., xv. 97, with tab.
Stn. — D. superhum anosmum,
D. Aphrodite, Bchh. f. — A charming species, with slender
branching stems, nearly a foot long, swollen at the joints, i.e.,
nodose. The leaves on the younger stems are oblong obtuse,
but these fall away before the flowers are developed ; the
latter are produced singly from the joints, two and a half to
three inches across, the smooth oblong obtuse white sepals and
petals spreading, the lip clawed, with a white callous disk on
the claw, the sides inflexed, with a deep blood red spot at the
base, and the front lobe large, subrhomboid acute, deep orange
with a white margin and apex. It is a free and rapid grower,
and very gay-looking when in blossom, but is a shy bloomer,
flowering for several seasons upon its old growths. — Moulmein.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5470 ; Fl. des Sevres, t. 1582.
Syn.— J>. nodatum,
D. aureum, Lindley. — This is a very distinct and desirable
species and one that should be grown by every one who is
fond of sweet-scented flowers. It has terete-clavate pendent
stems, which flower after the oblong acute leaves have fallen,
producing two or three-flowered racemes. The sepals and petals
are cream-coloured or yellow (D. rhomheum), the lip with a
DENDROBIUM.
271
velvety disk, golden yellow streaked and veined with crimson
lines, recurved at the tip. These flowers, which are produced
during the months of January, February, and March, and
last several weeks in perfection, have a most delicious odour
compared to that of violets, or of violets combined with prim-
roses.— India : Nepal, Assam ; Ceylon ; Java,
YiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4708 ; Id., t. 4970 (var. Henshallii) ; Bot. Reg., 1839,
t. 20 (var. pallidum) ; Id., 1843, t. 17 (rhombeum) ; Fl. des Serres, t. 842 ;
Lem. Jard. FL, t. 386 ; Wall. PI. As. Ear., 1. 196 ; Wight, Icon. PI. Ind. Or.,
V. t. 1646.
Stn. — D. heterocarpum ; D. rhombeum.
D. aureum pMlippinense, Echb.f. — A gigantic variety of
the preceding, having pseudobulbs one and a half to two feet
long. The flowers are paler than those of the type, and have
a single broad purple patch under the velvety disk ; they are
also produced in much greater profusion. This variety is not
sweet-scented like the type. — Fhilippine Islands.
D. barbatulum, Lindley. — A charming epiphyte, well adapted
for cutting, growing a foot or more in height, and having
stiff curved suberect stems, terete from a swollen base, the joints
covered with membranaceous sheaths. The leaves, which are
only seen on the young shoots, are lanceolate acuminate.
The flowers grow in lateral racemes on slender almost filiform
slightly curved peduncles, and are numerous, crowded, secund,
with elliptic sepals, lanceolate petals, and an obovate spathulate
lip, pure white in every part except the greenish spur. These
crowded clusters of white flowers are very effective. It is
known from D. Fytcheanum, with which it is confounded in
the Bot. Mag. plates, by the orbicular petals of the latter
plant, and its terminal racemes. Not being a robust grower,
it succeeds best on a block, and must have a tolerable rest
after its growth is made. — Western Peninsula of India :
Cancan.
'S\G.—Bot. Mag., t. 5918 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard., iii. 113, fig. 285. The B. M.
plate 5444 labelled barhatulum is Fytcheanum,
D. Bensonise, Bchh. f. — A lovely species, bearing some
resemblance in its habit to D. crystallimim. It has suberect or
pendulous terete stems one to three feet long, the younger ones
with linear acute or emarginate leaves, the older leafless ones
bearing the large showy flowers two or three together from
the nodes ; the sepals oblong lanceolate, the petals roundish
oblong, both creamy white, the orbicular concave tomentose
272 ORCHm-GRO^VTiE'S MANUAL,
lip orange, with two large black-purple spots at the base. A
handsome and desirable species. — Moidmein.
Tib.— Bof. Mag., t. 5679 ; Floral Mag., t. 355 ; Jennings, Orch., t. 32 ;
Gard. Chron., N S., xxii. 145, fig. 30.
D. Bensonise xanthinum, Bchh. f. — A very chaste variety
of the preceding species. Sepals and petals pure white ; lip
white with an orange disk. This variety is quite destitute of
the two dark blotches found at the base of the lip in the
typical form. — Moulmein.
D. bigibbuin, Lindley. — A very handsome species, of a
distinct type, represented by D. siq)erhi€iis, Goldiei, and Phalce-
nopsis, and certainly one of the handsomest of the AustraUan
kinds. It is a dwarfish-growing plant, producing slender
fusiform stems about a span long, the younger ones having
a few linear-oblong leaves near the summit, whence also
spring the peduncles, bearing racemes of rich rosy-purple
very broad-petalled flowers ; they will sometimes continue
to throw out these racemes from the same stem for several
successive years. It will thrive in the East Indian house,
potted in fibrous peat and sphagnum moss, giving abundance
of drainage, and a plentiful supply of water in the growing
season ; if allowed to become dry enough to shrivel, it will
with great diificulty be restored. This species delights in an
abundance of light. We have found it do well in a stove
where no shading is used ; in fact we have grown it far better
in this way than even in the East India house. — North
Australia .
YiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4898; Warner, Sel Orch. PI, ii. t. 8; Paxt. Fl.
Gard., iii 25, fig. 245 ; Flore des Serres, t. 1143; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t.
386 ; Orchid Album, i. t. 38 ; Batem. 2nd Cent, t. 169.
D. Mgibbum candidum, Echb. f. — This is a very chaste and
distinct variety of the type, having white flowers slightly tinged
with rosy purple ; and was introduced by us from Torres
Straits,
D. laigiblDlim SUperbum, Echb. f. — A superior and much
bolder form than the type ; the flowers are larger in all their
parts, the side lobes of the lip are almost blackish purple and
the spur is longer. — North Australia.
7lG.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 229.
D. Boxallii, BM. f. — A very beautiful species. It has
moderately stout stems, thickened on one side below the
DENDEOBIUM.
273
nodes, linear-ligulate bidentate leaves, and short clusters of
flowers from the defoliated stems. The sepals and petals
are white, beautifully tipped with crimson-purple, and the
lip, which is white and similarly tipped, has in addition a
large deep orange-coloured disk. — Moulmein.
'FlG.—Xenia Orch. ,u.t. 194 ; Floral 3fag.,2 ser., t. 114 ; Jennings, OrcTi.,
t. 19.
D. Brymerianimi, RcM. f. — This very handsome species
was first flowered by and named in honour of W. E, Brymer,
Esq., Ilsington House, Dorchester. It has terete stems a foot
high or more, slightly swollen in the middle part, with lanceo-
late acuminate distichous leaves, and short lateral racemes
produced near the top of the stem. The flowers are three
inches in diameter, golden yellow, with ovate lanceolate sepals,
linear oblong petals, and a triangular cordate Hp, the middle
lobe of which is greenish yellow beautifully fringed with a
long beard-like appendage of dichotomously-branched flexuose
ciliolate processes, and the short broad lateral lobes are deep
orange with a shorter fringe. — Burmah.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 6383 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 459 ; Gard. Chron., N.S., xi.
474, fig. 65 ; Id., xvi. 688, fig. 140.
D. Bullerianum. — See Dendrobium gratiosissimum.
D. calamiforine. — See Dendrobium teretifolium.
D. CamlDridgeaillini. — See Dendrobium ocheeatum.
D. canaliculatum, B. Br. — A pretty Orchid of easy culture,
and bearing sweet-scented flowers. It has short pear-shaped
stems resembling pseudobulbs ; these bear a few narrow
acute fleshy leaves, and from the side of the stem near the
apex a peduncle or scape, which is slender, rigid, erect, about
a foot high, terminating in a raceme of a dozen or more
curious but not showy flowers, the narrow sepals and petals
of which are white tipped with yellow, and the wedge-shaped
lip deep mauve on its disk, white at the margins, and bearing
along the centre three keel-like elevated veins, which terminate
on the semiovate apiculate front lobe in crenulated plates. It
is a very singular and desirable small-flowered species. —
North-East Australia.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5537.
Syn. — B, Tattonianum.
D. Calceolaria. — See Dendrobium moschatum.
M 3
274 okchid-groweb's manual.
B. Calceolus. — See Dendeobium moschatum cupreuM.
D. capillipes, Rchh. f. — This a curious dwarf-growing
species, resembling a pigmy form of D. albo-sanguineum. It
usually attains a height of about six inches, producing short
racemes of bright golden yellow flowers. Succeeds best upon
a block or in a basket. — Moulmein.
7lG.—Xenia Orch., ii. t. 169, figs. 4-6.
D. cMorops, Lindley. — A very pretty free -flowering species,
producing pale nankin flowers, having the base of the lip of
a bright pea- green. The flowers last a considerable time in
bloom. — India : Western Feninsula.
L. chrysantlmni, Wallich. — A handsome Orchid, having
pendulous deciduous stems, three to four feet long, furnished
with twisted ovate-lanceolate acuminate leaves, and generally
producing flowers along the stem at the time of making its
growth ; they are produced at different times of the year,
and grow in pairs or threes, continuing in perfection for ten
days or a fortnight. The flowers are of an intense deep
yellow, fleshy, with oblong sepals and obovate petals, and a
cucullate denticulate lip of the same colour marked in the
centre with a large double spot of intense blood-purple. The
plants grow best in baskets suspended from the roof of the
house. The D. Paxtoni of gardens, and of Paxton, is D.
jimhriatum oculatum. — Nepal.
'ElG.—Bot. Reg., t. 1299 ; Gartenflora, t. 446,
Stn.— Z>. Paxtoni, Lindl., not of Paxton.
D. clirysotis, Bchb. f. — This plant very much resembles D.
fimhriatum oculatum in the colour of its flowers. It grows from
three to four feet high, with slender rod-like stems, dark green
oblong-lanceolate acuminate leaves, and long drooping axillary
racemes, bearing six to nine large flowers, which measure
three to four inches across ; the sepals and petals are oblong-
acute, entire, of a rich deep yellow ; the lip is large, orbicular-
cordate, velvety, of the same colour as the petals, or of a deeper
apricot yellow, having two blotches of purplish black towards
the base, and deeply fringed with bearded segments at the
margins. — Assam .
YlG.— Florist and Pom., 1871, 145, with tab. ; Bot. Mag., t. 6013 ; War-
ner, Sel. Orch. PL, iii. t. G ; III. Hort., 3 ser., t. 155 (poor).
Syn. — D. Hookerianum, Bot. Mag. (non Lindl., which is described as
having fascicled, not racemose flowers).
DENDKOBIUM. 275
D. clirysotoxum, Lindley. — This is a sliowy species, an
upright-growing evergreen plant, with fleshy ribbed clavate
stems a foot or more in height, and bearing three or four
largish oblong-acute, leathery dark green leaves, clustered at
the top. The racemes of flowers are lateral, also from the
upper end of the stem, drooping, consisting of a dozen or more
showy flowers, which are golden yellow, the lip cucullate and
roundish, beautifully fringed and ciliated, pubescent, rich
orange, with a paler margin ; there is an arch of very deep
orange at the base of the flower. It blooms during the
winter and spring months, and lasts two or three weeks in
perfection. Of this there are two varieties, one much superior
to the other. Pot culture in peat suits it best. — Moulmein.
¥lG.—Bot. Reg., 1847, t. 36 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5053 ; 111, Hort., t. 164 ;
Batem. 2nd Cent, t. 124.
D. claTatum, Lindleij. — A remarkably handsome evergreen
species, which has terete pendulous stems two feet long, and
produces five-flowered lateral scaly racemes of flowers from
the top of the stems ; their colour is a bright orange yellow,
with a broad double brownish crimson spot in the centre of
the lip, which is pubescent on the surface, and ciliated, not
fringed, at the edge. This is one of the finest of the yellow
kinds, and it continues in perfection three weeks, thus making
a fine exhibition plant. Pot culture in peat suits it best. —
Assam.
'Em.—Paxt. Fl. Gard., ii. 104, fig. 189.
D. CCemlescens. — See Dendrobium nobile.
D. crassinode, Benson et FicJib. f. — A very handsome and
distinct species, with stout erect stems varying from six to
eighteen inches in length, and having large close-set swollen
or knotted joints or nodes, forming depressed spheres an
inch in diameter, whence the name crassinode. The flowers,
which grow on the older defoliated stems, are abundant from
the upper nodes, two and a half inches in diameter, solitary
or in pairs, the linear-oblong sepals and petals waxy white
tipped with magenta-purple, and the broadly oblong-ovate
obtuse velvety lip white with an orange yellow blotch at the
base, and a magenta-purple tip. The plant is best grown in
a small basket or on a block, with sphagnum moss. — Siam :
Arracan Mountains, elevation 2,500 feet.
'ElG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6766; Orchid Album, iv. t. Ic2.
276 oechid-growee's manual.
D. Crassinode albiflorum, Rchb. f. — This is a pure white
variety of the species, with a lemon -coloured blotch at the
base of the lip. It was first flowered in the collection of
Messrs. Low, of Upper Clapton, and has subsequently been
exhibited by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart. It is called D.
crassinode album in some collections. — Moulmein.
D. crassinode Barberiamini, Echb. f. — This is a great
improvement on the original form of the species. The stems
are stouter, and the plants grow much stronger than those of
D. crassinode ; the flowers are of greater substance and more
highly coloured than in the type ; the sepals and petals are
pure white tipped with rich magenta, the lip white tipped
with the same colour, the throat and disk orange. This
variety lasts a long time in perfection. — Moulmein.
D. crepidatum, Lindley. — A splendid deciduous drooping
species, with terete striate stems a foot or more in length,
oblong acute leaves, and flowers in pairs from the joints of
the leafless stems. The oblong sepals and broader petals are
white, tipped with pink ; and the roundish cordiform pub-
escent lip is stained with yellow in the basal half, white edged
with pink in front, the base of the lip being curiously folded in
on each side. It blooms in April and May, and continues
three weeks in perfection. This species will make a good
plant for exhibition, as it may be easily retarded by keeping
it cool in winter. It is best grown in a basket or on a block.
— India: Assam.
'FlG.—Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. 63, fig. 45 ; Boi. Mag., t. 4993 ; Id., t. 5011
(smooth-lipped var.) ; Batem. 2nd Cent., 1. 129.
D. cretaceum, Lindley. — A compact-growing deciduous
plant, with pendent curved terete striated stems a foot long or
more, producing its solitary flowers from the joints of the
leafless stems during June and July, and lasting six weeks in
perfection. The flowers are opaque dull white, the sepals
and petals lanceolate, the lip roundish, cucuUate, pubescent
and fimbriate, pale yellow in the centre, marked with a few
crimson lines, white at the edge. The leaves borne on the
young shoots are lanceolate, obliquely emarginate at the tip.
This will do either in a pot or basket, with peat or moss. —
India : Assam, Mergui, Khasya.
'Fia.—Bot. Reg., 1847, t. 62; Bot. Mag.^ 46,6; Litn. Jard. Fl,, t. 344;
Flore des Serves, t. 818.
DENDEOBITJM. 277
D. cruentuin, Rchb. f. — A very distinct and beautiful species
belonging to the nigro -hirsute section, which we first saw in
the collection of R. H. Measures, Esq., Streatham. The stems
resemble those of D. Jamesianum, the membrane sheathing
the intemodes being covered with small hairs as in that species.
The flowers grow in pairs from the nodes on the ripened leaf-
less stems. The sepals and petals are yellowish green, reticu-
lated with a darker green ; and the lip is yellowish green,
margined distinctly with bright crimson- scarlet, and having
the crests and side lacinae of the lip of the same colour. It
flowers during the autumn months. — Malayan Peninsula.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iv. t. 174.
D. crystallinimi, Rchb.f. — A distinct and beautiful species,
with terete somewhat slender striate pendulous stems, which
are destitute of the knotted joints so conspicuous in some of
the allied plants. The distichous linear-lanceolate acuminate
leaves are produced on the young stems, and fall away before
the flowers are developed. The flowers are of moderate size,
and freely produced, the sepals and petals white tipped with
magenta, the lip orange at the base, and slightly tipped with
magenta. It is a most desirable plant, flowering during the
summer months. — Burmah.
'Fia.—Bot. Mag., t. 6319 ; Xenia Orck., ii. t. 193,
L. cupreuin. — See Dendrobium moschatum cupeeum.
D. D'Albertisii, Rchb.f. — A very pretty and distinct species
introduced by us from New
Guinea. It is rather dwarf in
habit, and has the peculiarity
of producing square tapering
stems. The flowers are pro-
duced in erect racemes, and
are distinctly spurred ; the
sepals are pure white, and the
lip striped with magenta-purple,
forming a pleasing contrast to
the long narrow erect twisted
emerald green petals, which
have been compared to the
horns of an antelope. It is dendrobium d'albertisii.
said to have an odour like that of D. amcenum. — New Guinea.
YiG.—Gard. Ckron., N.S., x. 217, fig. 41 (flower).
278 oechid-gkower's manual.
D. DaHLOUSieanuin, WalUch. — This is a beautiful large-
flowered evergreen species, with stoutish terete subfusiform
stems from four to eight feet high, elegantly marked with
reddish crimson ; it blooms from the old growths in April and
May, producing drooping lateral racemes of from five to seven
flowers. These flowers are large, fully three inches across,
with the parts broad and strikingly effective ; the ovate sepals
and much larger petals are of a pale lemon colour edged with
rose ; the lip is oblong, constricted in the middle, glandu-
larly villous and incurved in front, where it is whitish, the
base pale yellowish, marked on each side with a large oblong
purple-crimson blotch, the inner edge of which passes into
coloured whisker -like fringes ; it lasts four or five days in
beauty. This will grow either in a pot or basket, with moss.
D. Dalhousieanum has been exhibited with forty-three flower
spikes and four hundred and forty flowers, each four and
a half inches in diameter. — India.
FlG.—Paxfon, Mag. Bot, xi. 145, with tab. ; Bot. Reg., 1846, t. 10 ; Fl.
des Sevres, t. 698 ; III. Hort., 3 ser., t. 423 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, i. t. 22 ;
Griffith, Icon. PL Asiat., tt, 5-7.
D. Dearei, Rchb. f. — This handsome and desirable species
will take rank as one of the best white-flowered Dendrobes in
cultivation. It has stoutish terete stems two to three feet
high, bearing at the top a few close-set oblong-ligulate emargi-
nate leaves, and produces both terminal and lateral flower
racemes both from the old and new stems in the same way
as D. superbiens. The flowers, which last several weeks in
perfection, are nearly three inches across, and produced in
bold racemes of from ten to fifteen together ; they are pure
white, having a slight tinge of green in the throat. We saw a
plant of this recently in Sir Trevor Lawrence's collection with
three spikes on one bulb, and the effect of the butterfly-like
flowers produced in such quantities was most charming. —
Philipjnne Islands : Mindanao.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 120.
D. densiflorum, WalUch. — A magnificent compact-growing
free-flowering evergreen Orchid. The stems are clavate, pen-
dulous, leafy at the apex, a foot or more high, the leaves oblong
acute nervose, and the racemes lateral, pendent from the upper
joints of the stem, many-flowered ; it blooms in March, April,
or May, and lasts from four to six days in perfection if kept
DENDKOBIUM
DENDEOBIUM. 279
in a cool house. The ovate spreading sepals and petals are
rich bright yellow, and the broad rhomboid serrulate retuse
lip of a deep orange-colour. This is one of the showiest
Orchids in cultivation, and one of the choicest plants we have
for exhibition on account of its colour. It should be potted
in peat. We have seen this species bearing nearly one hundred
flower-spikes at one time. — India : Nepal.
'Eia.—Boi. Reg., t. 1828 ; Fl. des Serres, t. 1397 ; Paxton, Mag. BoL, v.
121, with tab. ; Wall. PL As. Ear., t. 40.
D. densiflorum allDO-luteiini.— See Dendeobium thyesi-
FLOEUM.
D. densiflorum Sclircederi. — See Dendeobium Scheodeei.
D. densiflorum Walkerianum. — See Dendeobium thyesi-
FLOEUM WalKEEIANUM.
D. Devonianum, Paxt. — This is one of the most delicate
and lovely species of the genus. The stems are pendulous,
slender, elongate, terete, proliferous, with a few linear -lanceo-
late leaves, which fall away before the flowers are developed.
The flowers are produced from the nodes, for fully three parts
of the entire length of the stems, which sometimes attain the
extent of four feet ; they are two inches across, the sepals
cream-coloured, faintly shaded with pinkish purple, the petals
broader than the sepals, beautifully ciliated, yellowish with
a deep magenta- purple tip, and the lip broadly heart-shaped,
cucullate, white with a spot of rich orange on each side of the
disk, the emarginate apex with a well-defined blotch of purple ;
the entire margin is most beautifully plumoso-fimbriate. It
blooms in May or June, and lasts two weeks in perfection.
This plant is best grown in a basket with moss. It is usually
found difficult to cultivate, but the great secret is to give it
plenty of water when growing, and always to bear in mind
that the red spider is its desperate enemy, often attacking the
leaves ; this must be diligently searched for, and, if found,
kept under by syringing the foliage every day, or even twice
a day in summer. It makes a splendid plant for exhibition.
— India : Khasya Hills.
'Em.— Paxton, Mag. Bot., vii. 169, with tab. ; Bot. Mag., t. 4429 ; Fl. des
Serres, t. 647 ; Belg. Hort., iii. 204, with tab. ; III. Hort., t. 145 ; Lem.
Jard. Fl., t. 11 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, ii. t. 11.
D. DsTOnianum candidulum, Rchb.f.—A very distinct and
chaste variety, having the sepals and petals white, and not
280 okchid-growek's manual.
tipped with magenta as in the type ; the lip is white with an
orange blotch in the centre. It blooms in April and May. —
India.
D. Devomanum rhodoneurum, Rchb.f. — In this variety the
sepals and petals are streaked with dark purple, and the lip is
large and round. The flowers are remarkably sweet. It is
very distinct, and is said to last longer in flower than the
normal form. — India.
D. dixantlllim, Rchb.f. — A very pretty species with some-
what terete stems, slender at their base, and attaining a foot
and a half in length. It is a very free grower and abundant
flowerer, producing its brightly coloured flowers, which are
of two shades of yellow, in spring. The flowers are in lateral
racemes of from two to five, from the older leafless stems ;
the sepals lanceolate, the petals oblong, both clear pale
yellow, and the broadish subquadrate minutely denticulate lip
also pale yellow, with a deeper yellow blotch in the centre. —
Moulmein.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5564.
D. DomiEianum, Rchb. f. — A hybrid Dendrobe of orna-
mental character, raised by Mr. Dominy. It is a cross
between D. Linaivianum and D. nobile, and bears rosy purple
flowers intermediate between the two, the lip with a dark basal
blotch, a band of white, and tipped with rosy purple. — Garden
hybrid.
L. Draconis, Rchb.f. — A very distinct and beautiful species,
having waxy white flowers. It is evergreen, and has moder-
ately short fusiform stems about a foot in height, and covered
with deciduous dark hairs. The leaves are coriaceous, lanceo-
late, obliquely obtuse ; and the flowers are produced in lateral or
terminal racemes. The lanceolate acute sepals and petals are
pure ivory white ; the lip is white, with bright Roman red or
vermilion markings on the throat. It blossoms in May, June,
and July, and lasts six weeks in perfection. — Moulmein ;
Cochin China ; Burmah.
'ElG.—Xenia Orch., ii. 1. 146 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5459 ; Bafem. 2nd Cent., t. 166 ;
Rev. Hort.. 1883, 132, with tab.; Orchid Album, iii. 103.
Stn. — D. eburneum.
D. elDUriieilin ; — See Dendrobium Deaconis.
DENDKOBIUM. 281
r. endocliaris, Bckb. f. — An ornamental hybrid, raised by
Mr. Seden. The stems very much resemble those of Z). aureum
(heterocarpum), and bear the flowers in pairs. These are nearly
as large as those of that species, but with broader white petals ;
the lip is nearly that of I>. moniliforme, with projecting basilar
lobes. — Garden Jujbnd ; aureum x moniliforme.
D. erytliroxailthlim, Echb.f. — A very pretty species, which
in habit of growth resembles D. secundum. The racemose
flowers form a dense mass, and are of a bright amber, striped
with purple-crimson. It blooms in August, the flowers being
produced in clusters of two to three dozen together. —
Philippine Islands.
D. Falconeri, Hook. — A magnificent plant of pendulous
growth, and one of the most beautiful of the genus. The
stems are long, slender, branched and knotted, with few small
linear leaves, terminal on the young shoots. The flowers
are four and a half inches across, produced singly all along
the older leafless stems ; the sepals oblong lanceolate, the
petals ovate acuminate, the lip cucullate with the front por-
tion ovate acute, all white, or blush white freely tipped with rich
deep purple, the lip having in addition a broad orange-coloured
disk, which is marked by a large central dark purple spot.
It is now plentiful, so that growers will have a better chance
of finding the best way to cultivate it by placing it under
diff'erent treatment and in different houses. During the growing
season it likes a good supply of water ; but after it has
^finished growth, which is by autumn, it should be kept rather
dry till it begins to show flower, but must never be allowed to
suffer for want of water, as it frequently grows during the
winter months. Under this treatment it flowers every year,
well repaying any trouble that is taken to induce it to pro-
duce its charming white purple-tipped flowers, which open in
May and June, and remain about ten days in perfection.
The blunt-petalled variety is called Jacksoni by Morren. —
Northe^-n India : Assam, Bhotan, elevation 4,000 feet.
YlQ.—Bui. Mag., t. 4944; Id., t. 6058 (blunt-petalled var.) ; Fl. des
Serves, t. 1197 ; Belg. Hort., 1874, t. 15 (blunt-petalled var.); Floral Mag.,
2 ser., t. 226.
D. ralconeri albidulum, RM. /".—This variety has pure
white flowers, slightly tinged with purple at the tips of the
sepals and petals, the apex of the lip having also a slight tinge
iiOZ ORCHID-GKOWEE S MANUAL.
of purple. It was flowered by H. G. Elliott, Esq., Clapton.
— Northern India.
D. Falconeri giganteum, Hort. — A very superior variety of
D. Falconeri, producing stronger stems than those of the
type form, and more after the style of those of the original
Assam variety of D. Wardianum. The flowers are larger
and of greater substance, otherwise they resemble those of
the type. — Northern India.
D, Farmeri, Paxt. — A compact-growing evergreen species
with delicately beautiful blossoms, and the habit of D. densi-
florum. The stems are clavate from a small knob-like base,
and deeply furrowed so has to become quadrangular ; at the
top of the stem are from two to four ovate leathery leaves, and
later on the loose drooping racemes of numerous flowers ;
these have the ovate obtuse sepals and the larger petals
yellowish white flushed with pink, and the lip is straw-
coloured and pubescent, rich yellow in the centre and denticu-
late at the margin. It blooms in April and May, and lasts
two weeks in beauty if kept in a cool house. This species
requires the same treatment as D. demijioriim. There are
many forms of this plant, which varies much in colour and in
the manner of its growth. — India.
Fid.— Paxton, Mag. Bot., xv. 241, with tab. ; Fl. des Serres, t. 741 ; Lem.
Jard. Fl., t. 307 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4669 ; Pescatorea, t.4 ; Jennings, Orch., t. 24.
D, Farmer! albiflorum, Hart. — In this variety the sepals
and petals are almost pure white, with the downy lip orange-
coloured. In the Gartenflora it is called D, Farmeri album.
— India.
Fm.—BeJg. Hort., 1860, 321, with tab. ; Gartenflora, t. 595.
D. Farmeri aureo-flavum, Hook.— A beautiful rich golden
yellow-flowered variety, with the same quadrangular stems as
in D. Farmeri, but not quite so strong-growing. It is some-
what intermediate in aspect between D. Farmeri and D.
chrysotoxuvi, but quite difi'erent from the latter in the four-
angled stems ; the sepals and petals are bright yellow, and
the lip deep golden yellow and pubescent. — Moulmein.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5451 ; Orchid Album, iii. t. 99.
D, flmbriatum, Hook. — A very showy evergreen species,
with stoutish terete erect stems two or three feet long, produc-
ing its drooping racemes from near the apex of the last year's
DENDROBIUM. 283
stem. The leaves are distichous, lanceolate acuminate, of a
dark green colour. The flowers are of an uniform bright
yellow, the petals cihato-denticulate, the lip having a deeper
yellow disk and beautifully fringed with lacerate fimbria at
the margin. This plant will continue flowering from the old
stems for years; it generally blossoms during the spring
months, seldom lasting much more than a week in bloom.
It is best grown in a basket or pot, with peat and moss. —
India: Nepal.
YiG.— Hook. Exot. FL, t. 71 ; Paxton, Mag. Bat, ii. 172, with tab. ;
Knowles and Westc. Fl. Cab , t. 109 (pale var.).
D. flmMatum OCUlatum, Hook. — A beautiful variety of the
preceding, producing its pendent flower spikes from near the
top of the stems, which grow from three to four feet high.
The flowers are large, of a rich orange-yellow, with a single
large deep sanguineous spot towards the base of the beautifully
fringed lip. It blooms in March and April, and, if kept dry,
lasts ten days in perfection. It succeeds best in a pot, in
peat. Said to have flowered in September at Kew.
ElG.—Bot. 3Iag., t. 4160 ; Paxt., Fl. Gard., iii. t. 84 ; Lem. Jard. Fl., t.
314 : III. Hart., t. 15 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, ii. t. 19 ; Paxton, Mag, Bot.,
vi. 169, with tab. ; Fl. des Serres, t. 125.
Syn. — D. Paxtoni, Paxt. non Lindl.
D.Findleyanuni, P«r«s/i et Bchh.f. — A very pretty and desir-
able species, which in its habit of growth somewhat resembles
D. nodatum. The stems are from one to two feet long, flexuose,
knotty, with internodes two to three inches long, the knobs
club-shaped and sulcate, developed above the sheathing bases
- of the leaves, which are linear-oblong acute, and produced on
the young shoots, the flowers being borne on the older leaf-
less ones on one to three-flowered peduncles, from near the
top of the stems. The sepals and petals are white suff'used
with pink, the broadly rounded tomentose lip deep orange-
yellow on the discal portion, paling to golden yellow at the
margins. It blooms in January and February, and on that
account will be found a valuable plant. — Moidmein.
'FlQ.—Bot. Mag., t. 6438 ; Orchid Album, ii. t. 92.
D. forHLOSUin, Boxh. — A remarkably handsome compact-
growing evergreen species, with stoutish terete pendulous
hairy stems about a foot high, bearing thick ovate obliquely
emarginate leaves, and racemes of four or five fragrant
flowers from the top of the stem, the blossoms frequently
284 ORCHID- grower's manual.
three inches across. The sepals and the much broader petals
are white, the lip white, with a bright yellow farrow down the
centre ; they last six weeks or more in perfection. This
species may be grown either in a pot or basket with moss or
peat. We have found it do best in a stove without shading
of any kind. It makes a splendid plant for exhibition. —
India : Nepal, Sylhet, Moulmein, Tavoy, on trees and rocks.
'EiG.—Bot. Reg., 1839, t. 64 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot, vi. 49, with tab. ; Fl. des
Serves, t. 226 ; Annates de Gand, 1848, t. 171 ; Wall. PL As. Rar., t. 39.
D. formosuin giganteum, Van Houtte. — A magnificent
variety of the preceding, much stronger in growth, and, like
it, evergreen. The flowers, which are produced at the top
of the stems, measure from four to five inches across ; their
colour is snow-white, with a broad blotch of rich orange-
yellow on the centre of the lip. It requires the same treat-
ment as D. formosum, and remains in bloom for about the
same period. — Moulmein.
'Fig.— Flore des Serres, t. 1633 ; Card. Chron., N.S., xvii. 369, fig. 54.
D. rytchianuin, Bateman. — One of the prettiest of the
smaller-flowered species, and valuable for cutting on account
of its effective rosy-eyed white flowers. The stems are
slender, cylindrical, erect, a foot long, the younger ones leafy,
the leaves being oblong-lanceolate. The flowers grow in
terminal (? and lateral) racemes of eight or ten together, and
are of dazzling whiteness ; the sepals lanceolate, the petals
roundish obovate, and the lip three-lobed, bearded at the
base, its small oblong incurved lateral lobes rose-coloured,
and forming a minute eye to the flower, and its obcordate
apiculate middle lobe about as large as the petals, and, like
them, pure white. This plant was erroneously figured as
D. barbatulum in Bot. Mag., t. 5414. — Moulmein.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5444 (not t. 5918),
D. fuscatuin, Lindley, — A very fine species in the way of
D. Jimhriatum. It has fascicled, nearly cylindrical, grooved
stems two to three feet long, and lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate
acuminate leaves four to six inches long. The flowers grow
from nodes of the leafless stems in drooping racemes, which
are four to seven inches long, with a slender zigzag rachis,
and sometimes bear as many as fifteen flowers on each ; these
are of a deep-toned orange-yellow (in native drawings almost
orange-brown), two inches in diameter, the sepals and petals
DENDROBIUM.
285
similar, oblong, somewhat incurved, the lip shorter, broadly
oblate, cucullate, the surface downy, and the margin fringed,
having also two deep purple-crimson spots at the base, one on
each side the column. The long drooping racemes are very
conspicuous. — India : Khasya and hot valleys of the Sikkim
Himalaya.
Ym.—Bot. Mag., t. 6226.
D. Gribsoni, Paxt. — A very showy evergreen Orchid, one
of the finest of the yellow-flowered series. The stems are
terete, tapering, pendulous, about two feet long, with ovate-
lanceolate acuminate leaves, and lateral racemes of ten to fifteen
flowers produced near the end of the older stems. The sepals
and petals are of a rich orange ; the lip very broad, undulated
and fringed, bright yellow, with two dark purple spots near
the base. It blooms during the autumn months, lasts two
weeks in good condition, and requires the same treatment as
D. formosum . — India : Khasya .
YlQ.—Paxton, Mag. Bot., v. 169, with tab. ; Paxt., Fl. Card., ii. 133, fig.
204.
D. Goldiei, Rchb. f. — A very beautiful and distinct species
in the way of D. superbiens, but difierent in having taller and
more slender stems, longer and much narrower leaves, and
more brilliantly coloured flowers. The flowers grow in droopiog
racemes from the upper part of the stems, and are of a rich
claret-purple ; the sepals lanceolate and tessellated with darker
veins ; the petals broader, oblong, whole-coloured ; and the lip,
which is quite distinct in form from that of D. superbiens,
being much longer, narrower, and more acute at the point,
also entirely of a claret-purple. This, like D. superbiens,
flowers at difi'erent times of the year, and lasts three months
in perfection. It also requires the same treatment as that
species. — Introduced by us from Torres Straits.
'Fig.— Garden, xiv. 244, 1. 145.
D. gratiosissimum, Rchb.f. — A delicate and pretty species
resembling D. crepidatum in habit, with suberect stems,
slender at the base, striated, and bearing ovate-lanceolate
acute leaves, which fall before the flowers are produced. The
latter are in fascicles of two or three together, two and a half
inches across ; the sepals and petals are lance-shaped, white
slightly shaded and tipped with rose ; and the hp is entire,
broadly ovate, white tipped with rose, and marked at the base
ORCHID-GEOWER S MANUAL.
with a large roundish yellow spot, faintly striped with orange.
— Moulmein.
'FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5652 ; Xenia Orch., ii. t. 193.
Stn, — D, Bullerianum,
D. GriffltMamim, Lindley. — One of the most glorious of
the yellow spring-flowering Dendrobes. It has erect clavate
stems, quadrangular on the upper part, and bearing at the
top a pair of lanceolate-oblong obtuse leaves. The flowers
grow in loose drooping flexuose many-flowered racemes from
the side of the stem ; the petals are ciliolate, and the lip ovate,
pubescent, and denticulate. The plant resembles D. densi-
jiorum, and its immense drooping spikes of blooms are of the
richest golden j^ellow, and remain in perfection for about a
fortnight. It is very rare, and varieties are often sold for it
which are much inferior to the typical form. — Burmah.
D. GrUibertii, Linden. — A fine showy Dendrobe, resembling
a strong-growing D. densifiorum, and possibly a variety of
that species. It has clavate stems a foot high, bearing at top
a few broad ovate leaves, from amongst which appear the
dense drooping racemes, fourteen inches long, of yellow
flowers, which have a rich golden yellow lip, marked around
the mouth of the funnel-shaped base with a stain of deep
orange. It has been named in honour of the late M. Guibert,
of Paris. — Supposed to be Indian.
YlG.—Jll. ffort, 3 ser., t. 258 ; Rev. Hort., 1876, 431, with tab. ; Puydt,
Les Orch., fc. 16.
D, HanMryamiin. — See Dendrobium lituiflorum.
D. Haryeyanum, Rchb. f. — A very curious and distinct
species in the way of D. Brymerianum, but with smaller
flowers. The stems are fusiform, furrowed, six inches long,
and bear the lateral racemes of four or five flowers near
the top. The colour of the flowers is deep chrome yellow,
with a pair of orange-coloured blotches on the lip ; the sepals
are lanceolate acute, the petals oblong acute, ornamented with
a dense marginal fringe, and the lip is almost circular, with
an obscure basal callus, a rough surface, and a distinct fringe
at the margin. It was introduced by the Liverpool Horticul-
tural Company, and named after E. Harvey, Esq., of Aigburth,
Liverpool, by whom it was first flowered. — Burmah.
D. hedyosmum. — See Dendrobium scabrilingue.
DENDBOBIUM. 287
D. Henshallii. — See Dendrobium teanspaeens.
D. heterocarpum. — See Dendrobium aureum.
D. Heyneaniini, Lindley. — A charming deciduous species
furnished with erect clavate stems, six to eight inches high,
which bear linear-lanceolate leaves, and produce from their
upper part at different times of the year lateral racemes of
several small white flowers, that have somewhat the appear-
ance of sprigs of whitethorn ; the lip is greenish yellow
beautifully streaked with violet. It is best grown on a block,
with a moderate supply of moisture, during the growing
season. It continues about ten days in perfection. — India :
Western Peninsula.
'Em.— Wight, Ic. PI. Ind, Or., t. 909.
D. Hillii, Hook. — A bold-habited and rather striking species,
nearly related to D. speciosum, but the stems, which are stout
terete and many-ribbed, are fully twice the length, surmounted
by four to six elliptic or oblong thick leathery dark green
leaves, and the terminal racemes of flowers are much longer
and more graceful. The long narrow sepals and petals are
naiTower and of a creamy white, while the small lip is trans-
versely blotched with purple. It is a free-flowering and
desirable species, and succeeds well in the cool house after
its growth is complete. — Queensland.
YiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5261.
D. Hookerianum, — See Dendrobium chrysotis.
D. infundibulum, Lindley. — A species of the nigro-hirsute
section, of great beauty, distributed in the first place under
the name of D. moulmeinense, and resembling D, formosum in
habit of growth and in flower, but with more slender stems,
one and a half to two feet high, which are terete, with lance-
olate acute unequally bilobed leaves, and glorious flowers, which
sometimes measure four inches across, and, like those of its
allies, are remarkable for their very broad petals. The sepals
and petals are pure white, the serrulate lip white, having in
the throat of its funnel-shaped base a large blotch of deep
golden yellow. The flowers are produced in great profusion
from the top of the stems during the summer, and last five
to six weeks in perfection. It will be most useful for supply-
ing cut flowers for decorative purposes. — Moulmein.
Em.—Bot. Mag., t. 544G ; III. Hort., 3 ser,, t. 172.
Stn. — D. moulmeinense.
UBO ORCHID- GEO WEE S MANUAL.
D. Jamesianum, Echb.f. — This is a very fine nigro-hirsute
species, named in honour of the late Mr. James Veitch. It is
in the way of D. infimdibulum, and is considered by many to
be a variety of it. The stems grow from a foot to a foot and
a half high. The flowers are nearly as large as those of D.
formosinn, pure white, except that the lip is deeply stained
with cinnabar red. It blooms during spring and summer.
This, as well as the preceding species, succeeds best in the
cool house. It is a grand exhibition plant, and its flowers
last in perfection for several weeks if kept from the damp.
— Moulmein.
YlQ.— Florist and Pom., 1869, 187, with fig.
D. japonicum. — See Dendrobium monilifoeme.
D. Jenkinsii, WalUch. — A beautiful dwarf evergreen species
with clustered oblong tetragonal pseudobulbs, each bearing
at the top a solitary oblong coriaceous retuse leaf, the whole
not exceeding two or three inches in height. The flowers are
very large for the size of the plant, and last ten days in
beauty ; they grow on slender peduncles, solitary or gemi-
nate, from the side of the pseudobulbs, and are wholly deep
yellow, the lip being very large and spreading, reniform
retuse, slightly pubescent and ciliate, and measuring nearly
an inch across. This species is best grown on a bare block
of wood, suspended from the roof, A magnificent specimen
of it was exhibited at South Kensington by Mr. Denning,
gardener to Lord Londesborough. — I)idia : Assam.
'Fig.— Bot. Reg., 1839, t. 37 ; Warner, Sel. Orch, PL, ii. t. 28.
D. lasioglossum, Bchh. f. — A somewhat small-flowered
species, but well deserving the attention of Orchid-growers.
The stems are slender, terete, drooping, one to two feet long,
with flat lanceolate acuminate leaves, and at the nodes opposite
the leaves short racemes of two or three flowers, which are
white, except a few reddish purple streaks on the erect lateral
lobes of the hp, and a tuft of pale yellow hairs on the disk. —
— Bur mail.
'ElG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5825.
D. LeecManuin, Rchh. f. — A very handsome hybrid, raised
between D. aureum and D. nobile, by Mr. Swan, gardener to
W. Leech, Esq., Oakley, Fallowfield, Manchester. It is the
same cross as that from which D. Ainsicorthii was obtained.
DENDROBIUM JAMESIANUM.
DENDEOBIUM. '/»»
and it resembles that plant both in its growth and in the shape
of its flowers, which are about four inches in diameter. The
sepals and wavy petals are white tipped with rich rose-
purple ; the lobate lip is white, also purple-tipped, having a
large radiating blotch of amaranth-crimson over the whole
central area, a broad callous line with fine purple stripes
running towards the base, and on each side radiating purple
lines. The column is green with purple stripes. It flowers
in January and February, and is very floriferous, since stems
of but four inches high produce blossoms. — Garden hybrid.
Fiii.—Gard. Chron., N.S., xvii. 256, fig. 35.
D. Linawiamim, Rchb. f. — A truly handsome species of
upright evergreen habit, with clavate proliferous deeply
furrowed stems a foot or more high, which become swollen
at the internodes, and hence moniliform or necklace-like.
The younger stems bear distichous oblong obtuse obliquely
emarginate leaves, the flowers being produced in pairs from
the joints of the stem on two-year old leafless growths. The
flowers are two and a half inches across, with oblong acute
sepals and petals, the latter broader, both white at the base,
passing into rosy purple in the upper half, the serrulate lip
much shorter, ovate, reflexed, tipped with bright crimson-
purple, and having a crimson spot on each side the pubescent
disk. This species, which blooms during the winter months,
lasting two weeks in beauty, will grow in a basket, but we
find it thrives best in a pot, with peat or moss. The plant is
generally known in collections under the false name of D.
monihforme, which is quite another thing. — China and Japan.
Fig.— Bot. Reg., t. 1314 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4153 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot, iii. 77,
with tab. ; Maund, Botanist, iv. t. 194 ; Annales de Gand, 1847, t. 137 ;
Orchid Album, iii. t. 141.
D. Linawianuni majUS, Williams. — A fine variety of the
preceding, growing to the same height, but having larger
flowers, the latter being four inches across, and richer in
colour. We saw this in very fine condition in the collection
of E. Warner, Esq. — Japan.
D. lituifloruni, LindUy. — A charming species, with slender
terete fascicled pendulous yellowish deciduous stems two to
three feet in length, with a knob-like base, and in the younger
stages bearing oblong-lanceolate leaves. It succeeds best in
sphagnum, in a basket suspended from the roof. The flowers,
290 OECHID-GEOWER S MANUAL.
produced on the older leafless stems, are large, and are borne
in pairs or in four to five-flowered fascicles from the nodes.
The oblong-lanceolate sepals and broader petals are dark
bright purple, the lip convolute at the base, and there white
with heavy purple transverse stripes, the limb orbicular con-
cave, turned up like a trumpet, the broad disk deep violet-
purple surrounded by a yellowish velvety band, which is
edged with purple. It blooms in March and April, and will
last two weeks in perfection. It requires great attention as
regards moisture during the growing season, but should be
kept dry during winter. — India : Assam, Tenasserim.
I'IG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6050 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, ii. t. 3.
Stn. — Z>. Hanburyanum.
D. lituifloriun candidum, J?cA6. /.—A lovely white-flowered
variety, which first appeared in the collection of Sir Trevor
Lawrence, Bart., Burford Lodge, Dorking. — India.
D. lituiflorum Freemanni, Rchh.f. — A fine variety, having
erect stems a foot to a foot and a half high, and flowers
similar to those of D. lituijioruvi, but the lip is covered with
dense hairs, and the zone on the lip is yellow. It blooms in
April and May. — Assam.
D. longicornil, Lindley. — A distinct and pretty species, in
the way of D. formosxim, but not so strong in growth. The
stems are slender, hispid, erect, one to one and a half foot
long, with ovate- lanceolate obliquely pointed leaves, and
terminal long-spurred flowers, solitary or in fascicles, which
are white, except the dentate lip, which has a yellow centre.
Of this there are two varieties, the one named D. I. majus
being the best. It produces its blossoms from the top of the
stem in May and June, and they continue in perfection a long
time if kept in a cool house. Treatment the same as that for
D. formosum. — India : Sylhet, Nepal.
Tia.—Bot. Reg., t. 1315.
D» Lowiij Lindley. — A very distinct and handsome plant,
growing in the way of D. longicornu, with upright terete
nigro-hirsute stems a foot high, furnished with dark green
ovate-oblong obliquely-tipped foliage, and producing from
the side of the stem near the top dense seven-flowered
racemes of large distinctly spurred flowers, measuring about
two inches across, of a bright yellow colour, with six red
veins on the base of the lip, set off by crimson fringes. This
DENDKOBimi.
291
will succeed in a pot or basket, or on a block, provided it has
a liberal supply of water when in vigorous growth. We have
seen it bloom in summer and also late in autumn. — Borneo.
'FlG.—Boi. Mag., t. 5303 ; Fl. des Serrea, t. 2395.
D. luteolum, Bateman. — A very distinct and desirable
species, in which the stems are erect and terete, and bear
lanceolate leaves, and simultaneously on the upper part of the
stems a profusion of short lateral two to four-flowered racemes
"of pale primrose-coloured flowers, of which the lip has
roundish lateral lobes, and the middle lobe a downy yellow disk
marked by a few red lines. It flowers during the months of
January and February, and lasts several weeks in perfection.
— Moubnein.
YlG.—Bot. Mag., t, 5441.
DENDROBIUM LTJTEOLUM CHLOROCENTRUM,
D. luteolum c]llorocentruni,-Rc/i6./. — This variety is alto-
gether superior to the type, the flowers being much larger and
of better substance. It bears tufts of green hairs on the
middle of the lip. One of our own introductions. — Moulmein.
Fig.— Gard. Chron., N.s., xix. 340, fig. 48.
D. MacCartMse, Hooker. — The " Eainy-month flower " or
"May-flower'^ of Ceylon, a really splendid species, with
terete pendulous stems as thick as a goose quill, green
N 2
292 oechid-grower's manual.
spotted with crimson, and having a bulbiform base ; these
stems bear a few lanceolate acuminate leaves on their upper
part, and opposite to them at the nodes a four or five-
flowered raceme of extremely beautiful flowers, which are
flattened vertically so as to appear half expanded, and consist
of lanceolate sepals, oblong lanceolate broader petals of a bright
pinkish rose, and a spathulate-trapeziform lip, which is white in
the lower part, with small purple spots in the throat, a large
purple blotch on the disk, and an ovate rosy pink front lobe
marked with lines of darker rose. This splendid Orchid is
difficult to grow, and should be kept in a small basket or on a
block with sphagnum, as near the light as possible. It is
one of the finest of the Dendrobes, blooms during the summer,
and has the advantage of lasting six weeks or two months in
perfection. The flowers are nearly three inches long. —
Ceylon forests.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 4886.
D. macranthuin. — See Dendrobium superbum.
D. macrophyllum {Hon.), — See Dendrobium supeebum.
D. macrophyllum, A, Rich. — A fine and distinct species,
perhaps more curious than beautiful, but so remarkable as to be
well worth a place in collections. The stems are about a foot
high, clavate, deeply furrowed in the upper, thickened portion,
and terminated by three or four oblong unequally bilobed
pale green leaves, from the centre of which springs the erect
raceme, a foot high, many-flowered and nodding at the apex,
the blossoms being two inches in diameter, hairy externally.
The sepals are greenish yellow, and the smaller spathulate
petals dirty white, while the large dilated lip is yellowish
green, the side lobes radiately marked with forked purple
veins, and the middle lobe bearing a few radiating lines of
purple dots. Altogether a singular and very interesting plant,
which at first received the name of D. Veltchianwn, but
proves to be a form of D. macrophyllum ; the type plant of
Eichard has, according to Sir J. D. Hooker, both larger
leaves and longer flower spikes — perhaps the result of exces-
sive luxuriance in its native clime. — Java, in hot jungles.
-piG.— Rich. Voy. Astr., t. 9 ; Bot. Mar;., t. 5649 ; De Vr. lllust., t. 5.
Syn. — D. Veitchianum ; D. macrophyllum Veitchianum,
D. macrophyllum Dayanum, H. Low. — This is considered
to be a superior variety to the Java ^lani.— Borneo.
DENDROBIUM. Z»d
D. marginatum. — See Dendrobium xanthophlebium.
D. marmoratum, Echb. f. — A very pretty species, allied to
D. transparcns. The sepals and petals are white, blotched
at the extremities with purple, and the ciliate lip is purple. —
Burniali.
D. moniliforme, Swartz. — This is by no means an exhibition
plant, bat although it cannot lay claim to much beauty, its
flowers, which are pure white, with a few purple spots on the
lip, yield a delicious fragrance. The stems are fascicled,
terete, pendulous, about a foot long, with linear-lanceolate
bluntish leaves, which fall away and are succeeded by the
fragrant white flowers, which grow solitary or in pairs from
the upper nodes, and are about an inch and a half in dia-
meter. Being a native of Japan and the adjacent islands, it
will make a good addition to the cool house Orchids, and will
doubtless be ver}' useful for cutting for decoration. The
plant so long known in gardens as D. moniliforme was not
the one originally so called, and has now been named D.
Linawianum, — Japan.
YiQ.—Bof. Mag., t. 5482.
Syn. — D.jnponicum ; Onychiumjaponicum.
D. moscliatum, WalUch. — A handsome evergreen species,
which produces stout pendulous terete striated stems four to
six feet long, furnished with oblong or oblong-ovate some-
what leathery striated leaves, and bearing pendent racemes of
eight or ten large flowers from the sides of the old stems near
the top. The flowers are large and spreading, three and a
half inches across, of a creamy bufi" sufi'used with rose, the lip
slipper-shaped, pale yellow, darker at the base, and orna-
mented inside on each side with a large eye -like blotch of
deep blackish purple ; they are agreeably musk-scented. It
blossoms in May and June, and lasts about a week in a fresh
state. — India : Eastern Penmsula.
YlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 3837 ; Maund, Bot., i. t. 37 ; Wall. PI. As. Rar., t,
195; Paxton, Mag. But., li. 241, with tab.; Hook. Ex. Fl. iii. t. 184;
Puydt, Les Orch., t. 15 ; Hart. Parad., iii. t. 7.
Syn. — B. Calceolaria.
D. moschatum CUpreum, Echb. f. — A large-growing ever-
green plant, which has been cultivated under the name of D.
Calceolus, that being apparently a misreading of D. Calceo-
laria, a synonym of D. moscliatum, under which all these
plants are sometimes included. It has stout pendulous stems,
294 okchid-grower's manual.
four feet long when well grown, and bears its flowers in
racemes of twelve or more together, which proceed from the top
of the old stems. The flowers are large, but not equal in size
to those of D. moschatum, the sepals and petals apricot yellow,
and the slipper- shaped hp of a deeper golden yellow with an
orange-coloured spot on each side near the base. It blooms
during the summer months, lasting a week in perfection.
This is best grown in a pot with moss and peat. — India.
Fig. — Orchid Album, iv. t. 165.
Syn. — D. Calceolvs, Hort. ; D. cupreuni.
D. moulmeineiise. — See Dendrobium infundibulum.
D. mutabile, Lindley. — A very pretty evergreen species,
with rather slender terete erect striated stems, furnished with
numerous distichous eUiptical sessile blunt fleshy leaves,
which become smaller uj)wards, the stems terminating in a
dense panicle of medium-sized flowers, which are in some
forms white, and in others white tinted with rose. The lip is
deeply emarginate or obcordate, and bears on its disk three
crests, which are blunt at the apex and tinted with yellow or
orange. The flowers are produced on the leafy stems at
diflferent times of the year, and last two weeks in bloom. It
is best grown in a pot with peat. — India.
YiG.—Boi. Reg , 1841, t. 1 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5285.
Syn. — D. triadenium ; Onychium mutabile,
D. nobile, Lindley. — A magnificent and justly popular free-
flowering evergreen species. The erect furrowed stems are
a foot or more in height, clustered, terete, compressed, slightly
thickened upwards, bearing
distichous oblong obliquely
emarginate leaves, and on the
older ripened stems clusters of
two or three flowers from the
upper nodes. The blossoms
are rather largo and very
showy, with oval sepals and
much broader undulated pe-
tals, white heavily tipped with
DENDROBIUM NOBiLB. rosc, the Hp rolled up at the
base, downy on both surfaces,
roundish ovate, creamy white with rosy tip, and a deep crimson
spot in the throat. It blooms during the winter and spring
DENDROBIUM. 295
months, lasting three or four weeks in good condition if kept in
a cool house. It will grow either in a pot or basket, with moss
or peat. This is one of the finest exhibition plants we have ;
but to keep it for exhibition, it must be put in the gi'een-
house, shaded from the sun, and left there till it is wanted,
when it must be forced into bloom. During the time it is in
a cool house give it but little water, only enough to keep it
from shrivelling. This species may be had in full flower
from January to June by procuring a number of plants and
treating them successionally. — India; China.
'Fig.— Serf. Orch., t. 3 ; Id., t. 18 (ccerulescens) ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., vii.,
7, with tab. (very poor) ; Gard. Chron., N.S,, xi. 561, fig. 79 : Hart, Parad,
i. t. 11.
Syn. — D. ccerulescens.
D. nobile intermedium, Hort. — A pretty and distinct
variety, which grows in the same way as D. nohile itself, and
flowers at the same time. The sepals and petals are white,
and the lip white, with a dark crimson spot in the centre. A
desirable variety for winter decoration. A scarce plant, and
one of the best. — India.
D. nobile noMliuS, RcM. /. — Undoubtedly the largest-
flowered form of D. ')iohile yet introduced. The flowers are
about four inches in diameter, having broad sepals and petals,
white richly suflused with rosy purple, darker towards the
tips ; the lip is white, margined with rosy purple around the
anterior half, and having an intense purplish crimson blotch
in the centre. It flowers during the winter and spring months,
and is very rare. — India.
D. noMle pallidiflorum. — See Dendrobium pkimulinum.
D. nobile pendulum, Hort. — A fine variety of D. nohile,
with large flowers, richer in colour than those of the type
and produced at the same time. This is often called Rucker's
variety. It is best grown in a basket, on account of its pen-
dulous habit. — India.
D. OClireatum, Lindley. — A remarkably handsome deciduous
species, of drooping habit. The stems are about a foot long,
stoutish, with thickened nodes streaked and spotted with red ;
the leaves are ovate-lanceolate acuminate, oblique at the base,
and sessile. The flowers are produced on the young growth
in March and April simultaneously with the leaves, the pe-
duncles two-flowered, the sepals and petals bright orange, the
296 OECHID-GROWERS MANUAL.
lip broad, roundish, cucuUate from a convolute base, villous,
with a recurved margin, and a large sanguineous crimson
blotch in the centre. It lasts in beauty about a fortnight,
and is best grown in a basket with moss, and suspended
from the roof. — India : Khasya hills.
¥lG.—Bof. Mag., t. 4450 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., vi. 265, with tab.
Stn. — D. Cambridgeanum.
D. nodatum, — See Dendrobium Aphrodite.
D. ParisMi, Bchh. f. — A very beautiful free-flowering
species. The stems are from one to two feet long, very
thick throughout their entire length, decurved, and bearing
flowers in the second year, after the leaves have fallen ; the
leaves oblong-lanceolate, leathery, and notched at the ends.
The flowers grow generally in pairs or in threes, and are of a
beautiful dark rose, the downy lip lighter in colour along the
centre, with a dark purple blotch on each side the throat. It
is a very distinct species, and makes a good exhibition plant,
on account of its distinct colour. — Moulmein.
'ElG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5488 ; Jennings, Orch., t. 39 ; Xenia Orch., ii. t, 152.
D, Paxtoni {Paxt.). — Dendrobium fimbriatum oculatum.
D. Paxtoni (Lindley). — See Dendrobium chrysanthum.
D. Phalgenopsis, Fitzgerald. — A beautiful species allied to
D. bigibbum, but very much superior in respect to the size and
colour of its flowers. The stems are erect, rather slender,
upwards of a foot and a half long, contracted towards the base,
and bearing near the top a few (eight or ten) lanceolate leaves
five inches long. The racemes are terminal, on erect pe-
duncles, ten inches long, the flowers about fifteen in number,
two to two and a half inches across, and brilliantly coloured ;
the sepals are oblong-ovate, an inch long, magenta with
a whitish centre, the spur deep purple ; the petals are rhomboid-
obovate, over an inch broad, of a warm magenta-purple, the
lower half paler in the centre ; the lip intensely rich deep rosy
purple, an inch long, acute, with the broad lateral lobes meet-
ing over the column, its base forming at the hinge a second
spur, and the front lobe deflexed, magenta with maroon-crim-
son veins, the throat rich maroon-crimson ; the veins of the
throat are thickened and covered with dark papillae. It flowers
in April. — No7-th Australia; New Guinea, Timor.
Fig. — Orchid Album, iv., t. 187.
DENDROBIUM.
297
DENDROBIUM PIBRARDII.
D. Pierardii, Eoxh. — A delicately pretty species of decidu-
ous habit, useful on account of its flowering during the winter
and spring months. The
stems are long (in its
native country six feet),
moderately slender, te-
rete, drooping, furnished
with lanceolate acumi-
nate leaves, and flowering
in the same way as D.
superhum, that is in fas-
cicles of two blossoms
from each node through
the greater part of the
length of the stem. The
flowers are transparent blush white, with a spathulate pale
yellow lip, having the involute claw feathered with purple
lines ; they last three weeks in beauty. It requires the same
treatment as I), superbum. — India : Chittagong.
YlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 2584 ; Hook. Ex. Fl., t. 9 ; Loddiges, Bat. Cab., t. 750 ;
Bjt. Reg., t. 1760.
D. Pierardii latifolium, Hort. — In this variety the stems
are stouter and darker in colour, and the flowers, though of
the same form and colour, are much finer than in the type ;
it blooms in April and May. It requires the same treatment,
and is a useful plant for exhibition. — India.
Fig.— Fl. des Serves, t. 955.
D. primulimim, Lindley. — A beautiful free-flowering deci-
duous species, of pendulous growth ; the stems terete and
clustered, furrowed, a foot or more in length, the young ones
leafy at the top, the few leaves being oblong obtuse and
obliquely emarginate. The flowers are solitary, the oblong
sepals and petals white tipped with pink, the broadly obovate
downy lip pale sulphur yellow, its sides convolute at the
base and streaked with purple ; they are produced in two
rows along the stem in April and May, and last in perfection
ten days. This species is best grown in a basket with
sphagnum, and makes a fine plant for exhibition. — India.
Fig.— Gartenjora, t. 326 ; Bat. Mag., t. 5003.
Syn. — D. nobile pallidiflorum,
D. primulinum giganteum, Hort. — A magnificent variety,
the flowers of which are very large, white tipped with pink, the
N 3
298 oechid-gkower's manual.
sulphur- coloured lip being particularly fine. This is a free-
flowering plant, which ought to be in every collection, and is
best grown in a basket, as it is pendulous in habit. It is
grown in some collections under the name of D. cucullatuvi
giga7iteum . — hidia ; Sikki7n .
D. pulclielllini, Eoxh. — An exceedingly pretty dwarf species
with terete striate decumbent proliferous stems, oblong-
lanceolate leaves, and solitary flowers gi'owing from the joints
of the leafless stems ; it loses its leaves after it has finished
growing, and generally begins to show flower in February all
up the stem, lasting two weeks in bloom. The sepals are
pale purple, the petals much larger, oval obtuse, of a deep
purple-lilac, and the lip broadly orbicular, concave, villous,
with a large blotch of orange in the centre surrounded by a
zone of white and tipped with purple, the whole margin being
beautifully and finely fringed. The plant does well in a
basket with moss. There is some doubt as to this being
the true plant of Roxburgh, who describes it as having flowers
in racemes, but it is certainly the D. pulchellum of gardens,
as figured by Hooker, Loddiges, and Maund, quoted below. —
India: Sylhet.
¥lG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6037 ; Loddiges, Boi. Cab., t. 1935 ; Maund, Botanist,
D. rtLOdopterygium, Rchb. f. — This species is something in
the way of D. Parishii ; the stems, however, are much longer,
and more erect. The flowers are pink tinged with rose, and
instead of two blotches have on each side the base half a
dozen streaks of purple, while the disk is covered with little
warts instead of the velvety hairs so conspicuous in'D. Parishii.
— Buimah.
D. rhodOStoma, Pichb. /. — One of Messrs. Veitch's hybrids,
produced between D. Huttoni and D. sanguinolentum. In
growth it resembles D. MacCartliieB. The flowers are white,
the sepals and petals as well as the lip tipped with bright
rosy magenta. It blooms in September. We saw this plant
flowering freely in the collection of W. Lee, Esq., Down-
side, Leatherhead. — Garden hybrid.
D. rlLOmheum. — See Dendeobium aueeum.
D. sanguinolentum, Lindley. — A distinct and delicately
beautiful evergreen species, having terete pendulous stems,
DENDROBIUM. 299
which are of a delicate purple when young, and terminate in
a few ovate-lanceolate leaves, which are also purplish beneath.
It grows to the length of three or four feet, and blooms from
the end of the old stems, which continue flowering for years.
The flowers grow in pairs, and are crowded together so
as to form a close bunch ; the sepals and petals are pale
fawn tipped with deep violet, and the lip is of the same
colours. It blooms during the summer and autumn months,
and lasts two weeks in good condition. This will do either in
a basket or pot, with peat or moss. — Ceylon.
YlG.—Bot. Reg., 1843, t. 6.
D. sangmnolentum superbum, Hon. — This plant is a
great improvement on the type, handsome as that is. The
variety is much stronger in growth, producing longer spikes
of very much larger flowers, which are of a creamy white
tipped with dark rich purple. This variety was sent to us a
few years ago with a consignment of PhalcBnojysis. — Borneo.
D. Schroderi, Williams. — A. handsome kind, sometimes
called Schroder's variety of D. densijioruvi. It grows to the
same height as D. Farmeri, which it somewhat resembles in
appearance, and has foliage of the same colour. The sepals
and petals are white tinged with pale pink, and the lip is
bright yellow with a strong orange tint at the base. It
blossoms in April and May, and continues about ten days in
perfection. It grows best in a pot in peat. This is one of
the finest of the Dendrobes, and is still rare. It can be easily
distinguished from any other kind by its stems. — India.
Fig.— Floral Mag., t. 502.
Syn. — Z>. densiflorvm Schroderi.
B. SCabrilingue, I/«nc?Ze?/. — A beautiful sweet-scented Orchid
of remarkably easy culture, producing its blossoms in spring.
The stems are erect, a span high, and somewhat clavate, with
ligulate-oblong unequally emarginate leaves, and numerous
flowers produced laterally in pairs on both leafy and leafless
stems. When they first open the flowers have been noted to
be green or greenish white, but after a day or so they change
to pure white, except the lip, which has the acute erect side
lobes green streaked with purple, and the much longer
recurved front lobe yellow with deep orange furrows along
the disk, and striped with crimson. They yield a delicious
perfume similar to that of Wallflowers. It belongs to the D.
300 ORCHID -grower's manual.
formosum section, in which the leaf-sheaths of the young
growths are covered with black hairs. — Moulmein.
YlG.—Bot. Mag , t. 6515.
Syn. — D. hedyosmum.
D. SCUlptum, Rchb.f. — A charming species, in habit some-
what resembling D. formosum, but the stems are shorter and
not quite so stout. The leaves are oblong acute, slightly
downy. The flowers are produced from the top of the
matured bulbs, and average from four to five in a raceme ;
the sepals and petals are pure white, and the obovate emargi-
nate lip of the same colour, with a distinct orange blotch in
the centre, the base of the lip being marked on each side by
numerous minute transverse rugae. These flowers measure
about two inches across, and, although not so large as in D.
formosum., will be found more valuable for cutting. It
blooms at various times of the year, and lasts a good while in
perfection . — Borneo .
Fig. — Xenia Orch., ii. 1. 146.
D. senile, Parish. — One of the most curious of Orchids,
quite dwarf in habit, the stems fusiform, six inches long,
covered as are the two or three leathery obovate leaves with
short white hairs. The flowers are of a bright yellow colour,
the three-lobed lip having besides a green blotch on each side
of the disk, which is deep orange ; they are abundantly
produced in pairs, and continue in full beauty for a considerable
time. — Moulmein.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5520 ; Xenia Orch., ii. t. 155.
D. splendidissimum, Bchb. f. — A handsome hybrid, raised
in Messrs. Veitch's establishment at Chelsea. It is a cross
between D. nobile and D. aureum, and in growth most resembles
the first-named parent. The sepals and petals are white
faintly tinged with rose, and the lip is white, having a faint
tinge of yellow in it, and a rich deep purple blotch in the
centre. It flowers in January and February. D. Ainsworthii
and D. Leechianum have the same parentage. — Garden hybrid.
D. SUaTissinmni, Bchb. f. — A handsome compact-growing
species, resembling D. chrysotoxiim in habit. The stems are
short, stout, fusiform, deeply furrowed, clustered, about three-
leaved, the leaves oblong acute. The flowers, which exhale
a delicious perfume, are produced in gracefully drooping
DENDROBIUli
CrPERBlENS.
DENDKOBIUM. 301
racemes, the individiial blossoms being long-stalked, three
inches across, and of a rich golden yellow colour, having
on the crispulate fringed lip a large sanguineous purple central
reniform blotch, with a few crimson bars on each side behind
it. It is very free-blooming, and we have seen three spikes
on a single stem. It blooms during May and June, and lasts
two or three weeks in full beauty. This is a grand plant
for exhibition purposes, as its bright yellow flowers form a
striking contrast when exhibited amongst other Orchids. —
Zipper Biirmah.
¥iG.—Xenia Orch., iii. t. 202 ; Garden, 1878, 166, t. 116 ; Orchid Album,
1. t. 13.
D. SUperbiens, Echb. f. — This magnificent species is
undoubtedly one of the most charming of all the Dendrobes.
It is a most profuse bloomer, and as a proof of its free-
flowering quality, we may here state that since we imported
the plant in 1877 it has never been without flowers. This
Dendrobe has the peculiarity of blooming from the old stems
at the same time as from the new ones, and frequently repeats
this freak of nature for several years in succession, so much so
that we have counted as many as fifteen old spikes on a stem.
In addition to this it flowers in a very young state, when the
stems are scarcely six inches high. These stems when fully
grown are from two to three feet high, and about three inches
in circumference, furnished with thick oblong acute leaves.
The flowers are produced from fifteen to twenty-five at a time
in long racemes, the sepals being dark purple, beautifully
reticulated, and having a whitish border, the petals of a
beautiful warm purple, longer than the sepals, and the lip a
warm purple, with five keels on the disk. The flowers last
three months in perfection. This plant is best grown in a
basket or pan suspended from the roof. It delights in sun-
shine, and we have grown it most successfully in a stove
where Crotons and such-like plants were cultivated. — Torrea
Straits.
Fig.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 291 ; Gard. Chron., N.S., ix. 49, fig. 9.
D. superbum, Echb. f. — A noble and very handsome deci-
duous species of pendulous habit, losing its ovate-oblong
obtuse leaves just as it begins to show its flower-buds. The
spreading or drooping stems grow about two feet long, and
from these the flowers proceed in a row on each side ; they
are of a pale purplish or lilac -rose colour, each three or four
302 orchid-grower's MANUAIi.
inches across, and the downy lip is of the same colour with a
pair of sanguineous blotches at the base ; they last two weeks
in perfection if they are kept dry. The flowers have a
strong smell of rhubarb, in which respect this plant differs
from the closely allied D. anosmum, which bears scentless
flowers. It is best grown in a basket, with moss. This plant
has been commonly grown under the name of D. macro-
phyllum, which, however, was previously appropriated to the
plant originally known in gardens as D. Veitchianum. —
Philippine Islands.
'FiG.—Fl. des Serves, t. 757 ; Bot, Mag., t. 3970 ; Pescatorea, t. 40 ; Gard.
Chron , 1845, 84, with fig. (habit) ; Orchid Album, 1. 1. 42.
Stn. — D. macrophyllum ; D. macranthum.
L. superlDiina anosmum. — See Dendrobium anosmum.
D. SUperbum giganteum, Bchh. /. — A showy variety which
grows in the same way as the preceding, and blossoms about
the same time. The flowers are from five to seven inches
across, the sepals and petals a beautiful rose-purple ; the lip
of the same colour, fringed and marked at the base with a pair
of rich purplish red spots ; they remain about two weeks in
perfection. A fine plant for exhibition, but it requires to be
kept in a cool house to keep it back for that purpose, as it
generally blooms very early. — Philippine Islands.
Ym.— Warner, Set. Orch. PL, i. t. 26.
D. SUperbnm Huttoni, Rchb. f. — This exceedingly rare and
beautiful variety has pure white sepals and petals, whilst the
lip is of the colour of the normal form, saving a marginal
border of white. The rhubarb scent is not so decided as in
the type. It requires the temperature of the East Indian
hou se . — Ma lay an Archipelago.
D. Tattonianilin. — See Dendrobium canaliculatum.
B. taurinilin, Lindley. — A most remarkable and distinct
species named D. taiirinum, or the Bull-headed Dendrobe,
from the strong suggestion of a bull's head with long
straight horns made by the curiously constructed flowers.
It is a strong-growing plant, with erect terete stems,
often attaining a height of five feet. The leaves are
very broad, oblong, unequally emarginate ; and the flowers
grow in an oblong raceme, crowning a long erect terminal
peduncle. The sepals are yellowish green, rolled back at the
I THTESIFLORUM.
DENDROBIUM. 303
points, the petals very long, erect, twisted, deep purple, and the
oblong lip whitish, crispy, purplish violet at the apex, and
having three elevated lines along the centre. It is best grown
in a pot in peat. We seldom see good plants of this species
under cultivation. — Philippine Islands : Manilla.
FiQ.—Bot. Reg., 1843, t. 28; Fl. des Serves, t. 1904; Paxton, Mag. Bot.,
X. 217, with tab,
D. teretifoliuiQ, R. Br. — A curious-looking species, very
distinct in habit, which is worth growing on account of the
profusion of flowers it produces in the winter months. The
stems are clustered, dark brown, branched, each branch ter-
minating in a long pendent curved terete taper-pointed hard
fleshy leaf, very much resembling that of a Scuticaria. The
flowers are produced in lateral dichotomously-branched
panicles from a branch of the stem ; the sepals and petals are
both linear-filiform and white, the latter being longer than
the former, and the lip, which bears three wavy lamellae is
much crisped, and strongly reflexed, white with a few dots of
crimson. — North-East Australia.
FiQ.—Bot. Mag., t. 4711 ; Endl. Icon., t. 99.
Syn. — D. calamiforme.
D. thyrsiflorum, Hon. — A fine showy species, in habit
like D. densiflorurn, but stronger, with the apex of the stems
yellowish, and producing splendid clusters of white flowers
with a golden orange lip. There have been some large
importations of late, and in many cases very fine varieties
have been obtained, varying both in the colour of the flowers
and the size of spike. This is one of the handsomest of
Dendrobes, and is most suitable for exhibition purposes, its
fine drooping racemes producing a charming efi"ect when
placed beside other Orchids. — Moulmein.
YiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5780 ; III. Hort., 3 ser., t. 207 ; Gartenflora, t. 1021 ;
Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 449 ; Gard. Chron., N.S., vii. 653, fig. 105 ; Id., xv. 463,
fig. 87 (specimen plants).
Syn. — D. densifloruvi albo-luteum.
D. thyrsiflorum Walkerianum, Williams. — This is the
finest variety we have yet seen : the stems are three feet
in height, and the racemes of flowers two feet long, bearing
more than fifty flowers on one raceme. The blossoms are very
large, and of the same colour as those of D. thyrsifionm.
This is named in honour of C. "Walker, Esq., Brettagh Holt,
AVestmoreland. — Moulmein.
'Fm —Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, iii. t. 21.
Syn. — I), densiflorurn Walkerianum,
304 orchid-grower's manual.
D. tortile, Lindley. — A rather pretty dwarf species, with
erect clavate farrowed steaig a span high, few linear retuse
leaves confined to the young shoots, and lateral two-flowered
peduncles on the leafless stems. The flowers are large and
rather handsome, the sepals and petals white just tinged with
purplish rose, waved and spirally twisted, and the large con-
chiform pubescent lip is lemon yellow streaked with purple at
the base. It flowers in May and June, lasting a long time in
perfection. It blossoms in the same way as D. nobile, and
requires the same treatment. — Moulviein.
'FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4477 ; Gard. Chron., 1847, 797, with fig.
D. tortile roseum, Hort. — A beautiful variety of the pre-
ceding species, resembling it in every respect, saving the
colour of its flowers, which are in this plant a delicate rose
shaded with yellow. A very desirable variety ; blooms in
May and June. — Java.
D. transparens, Wallkh. — A pretty small-flowering Orchid,
which blooms in the same way as D. nobile. The stems are
erect, terete, about a foot long, the young ones bearing linear-
lanceolate leaves. The flowers, which grow in pairs along the
stems, are of a pale transparent pinkish lilac, and the obovate
oblong ciliolate lip has a large deep blood-coloured blotch
passing into striae at the edges. It blooms in May and June,
and does well grown in a pot with peat or moss.
FlG.—Bot Mag., t. 4663; Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. t. 27; Lem. Jard. Fl, t. 68.
Syn. — D. Henshallii.
D. triadenium. — See Dendrobium mutabile.
D. Veitclliailllin. — See Dendrobium macrophyllum.
D. Tirgineum, Rchb.f. — This is said to be a lovely thing in
the way of D. infundibidum, with nigro-hirsute stems, the
leaves oblong- ligulate bilobed at the apex, and nearly twice as
broad as those of that species. The flowers, which are numer-
ous, and grow in terminal racemes, are only two-thirds the
size of those of D. infundibulum ; they are ivory white,
greenish on the chin behind, and marked from the base of the
three-lobed lip to the base of the roundish emarginate crenulate
middle lobe by two singular thickened light reddish lines, and
having also a reddish tint at the base of the column. Flowers
during autumn. — Burmah.
DENDKOBIUM. 305
D. "Wallicllii, Hort. — This beautiful kind resembles D.
nohile in its general appearance, but has much taller stems,
darker foliage, and richer-coloured flowers, and is possibly a
fine form of that valuable species. It blooms during the
winter and spring months, and with care may be retarded
until the summer, when it makes a noble and valuable speci-
men for exhibition purposes. The treatment recommended
for D. nohile suits this plant also. — India.
D. "Wardianum, Warner. — A magnificent species, one of
the finest in cultivation, and a splendid match for the beautiful
D. Falconeri, which it somewhat resembles in its thickened
and knotted stem, than which, however, it is much stouter,
and also easier of cultivation. The stems are stout, terete,
somewhat thickened at the nodes, pendulous, from two to
three feet long, the younger ones furnished with oblong-
lanceolate acute leaves, which fall away, after which the
flowers are produced in twos or threes, each flower measuring
upwards of three and a half inches in diameter. The colour
of the sepals and petals is white tipped with magenta, the
great cucuUate lip having the same colours and in addition a
large rich orange blotch on the convolute base and disk, the
throat spotted on each side with deep crimson. It blooms
about May, and continues a considerable time in perfection.
It is found to thrive best suspended in a basket, or on a block.
This fine plant was first flowered by T. Ward, Esq., of
Southampton.
YiG.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, i. t. 19 ; III. Hort., 3 ser., t. 277 ; Jennings,
Orch., t. 2 ; Gard. Chron., N.S., viii. 240, fig. 50 (specimen plant).
D. "Wardianum candiduin, Low. — A fine white-flowered
variety of this noble species, which first flowered in the collec-
tion of E. G. Wrigley, Esq., Broadoaks, Bury, Lancashire. It
is very rare, and was a chance importation amongst a large
consignment of Orchids from Assam.
D. "Wardiailimi giganteum, Williams and Moore. — A magni-
ficent variety of this grand Orchid, altogether stouter in all its
parts than the type, as first introduced. It sometimes produces
growths as much as five feet in length and of great thickness,
and is altogether more vigorous in its habit as well as more
erect in its mode of growth than the original D. Wardianum.
The flowers are of the same colours, and similarly marked,
306 oechid-grower's manual.
but larger, and of stouter substance. It blooms during the
winter and spring months. — Bunnah.
'Fig.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 113 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 212.
Stn. — D. Wardianum Lowii.
D. Williamsoni, Bay and Rchb. f. — A distinct and pretty
species, with erect fusiform stems, velvety with black hairs,
the younger ones bearing numerous oblong-ligulate unequally
bilobed leaves, which are also velvety with short soft hairs.
The flowers are large, ivory white, the sepals slightly
tinged with brown on the outer surface, the lip bearing a
large three-lobed blood-red spot on the disk. This plant
belongs to the nigro-hirsute section of this genus, and is
somewhat difficult to establish. — Assam.
D. xailtlioplllebilim, Lindley. — A very pretty species with
erect terete angled stems about a foot long, and rather thicker
than a swan's quill. The leaves, produced on the young
stems only, are linear-lanceolate and obliquely emarginate.
The flowers grow from the joints of the older leafless stems,
generally in pairs, the sepals and petals being pure white,
and the lip three-lobed, the side lobes large, erect, veined
with deep orange, the front lobe also roundish, but much
undulated, downy, orange-yellow bordered with white as in
the lateral lobes. The spur is as long as the chin. This
plant has been identified with the D. marginatum of
Bateman in Botanical Magazine quoted below, a name given
some years later than that here adopted, — Moulmein.
Fm.—Bot. Mag., t. 5454.
Stn. — D. marginatum,
Dendeochilum. — See Platyclinis.
DiACEIUM. — See Epidendrum bicornutum.
DOSSINIA, Morren.
( Tribe Neottiese, subtribe Spiranthese.)
This genus is closely allied to Anmctochilm, differing chiefly
in its spurless three-lobed lip, the claw of which is entire, and
the middle lobe dilately bilobed. Only one species, aBornean
EPIDENDRUM. 307
plant, familiar in our Orchid houses as Ancectochilm Loivii,
is known.
Culture. — The cultural treatment is the same as that of
Ancectochilus, under which genus it is explained in detail.
D. marmorata, Morren. — A splendid plant, the largest of
the species of the Ancectochiloid group yet introduced. It
grows six inches high, and has ovate leaves from four to five
inches long, and three inches broad. The colour is a rich
dark velvety green, shading off to mellow orange-brown,
marked from stalk to point with well-defined deep golden
veins, and crossed by lines of the same attractive hue. This
remarkable plant was found by Mr. Hugh Low near an open-
ing of a large cavern in the interior of the island. — Borneo.
Ym.— Morren, Ann. Gand, 1848, t. 193 ; Flo7'e des Serves, t. 370; Blume,
Orch. Arch. Ind., t. 18; Xenia Orch., t. 9fi, fig. 2.
Stn. — Auoectochilus Loivii; Macodes marmorata ; Cheirosfylis marmorata,
D. marmorata yirescens, Hort. — A charming variety of the
above, growing equally large, having the foliage of a hghter
green, with brighter markings over the whole surface. —
Borneo.
D. marmorata Dayi, Hort. — A highly-coloured form of the
plant grown as Ancectocliihis Loivii, the dark green velvety
leaves beautifully veined with coppery red. It is a rare plant,
and grows nearly as large as the typical form. — Borneo.
EpidendEUM, Linnmis.
( Tribe Epidendrese, suUribe Laeliese.)
A very large genus, consisting of upwards of four hundred
species, many of which, however, are scarcely worth culti-
vating except for their botanical interest. They are known by
the claw of the lip being distinctly though sometimes slightly
adnate to the parallel footless column, the limb being spread-
ing. The base of the column has also a long deep hollow.
Though thus rather of a weedy character, the genus con-
tains a limited number of really beautiful species, the flowers
of which are showy, being very distinct and attractive in
OUO ORCHID- GEOWERS MANUAL.
colour. The descriptive list subjoined comprises the best
sorts that we know. They are all evergreen, and compact in
habit, except E. cinnabarinum, E. crassifolium, E. radicans
[rhizophorum), and a few others, which are tall-growing, with
long slender stems, clothed with small distichous leaves from
top to bottom. The other sorts have short round pseudobulbs,
with long narrow leaves, except E. aurantiacum, E. bicornu-
tum, and E. Stamfordianum, which grow more in the way of
the Cattleyas, with upright pseudobulbs, having two or three
stout leaves on the top. They all produce their flowers from
the top of the stem or pseudobulb, except E. Stamfordianum,
in which they rise from the base.
Orchid-growers have been more frequently deceived in
buying Epidendrums than any other group of these plants.
The pseudobulbs of many kinds are so nearly alike that it is
very difficult to tell what they really are until they flower,
which may not take place for several years, and then perhaps,
instead of being something good, they only produce dingy green
flowers of little or no beauty. Nevertheless, some of these
insignificant-flowered kinds are very fragrant, and will per-
fume the whole house in which they are grown.
Culture. — These plants will all do in the Mexican house,
and may be grown on blocks of wood, but pot culture is the
best for the majority of the species. The drainage must be
perfect, and sphagnum moss and peat should be used for
potting in about equal parts. They require a season of rest,
with the same treatment as the Cattleyas, excepting that they
need less heat. They are propagated by dividing the plants,
as described in the chapter on Propagation.
E. alatum, Batem. — A pretty species, producing its panicles
of flowers in June or July. The pseudobulbs are ovate,
bearing two ensate obtuse leaves, and the sweet-scented
flowers have the narrow sepals and petals greenish at the
EPIDENDRUM. 309
base, purple upwards, and the roundish three-lobed lip pale
yellow, the broad blunt crispy middle lobe elegantly striped
and spotted with rosy purple on the elevated veins. They
continue five or six weeks in beauty. There are several
varieties of E. alatum, but that known as the variety majus,
distinguished by its larger size, is the only one worth the
attention of amateurs. The E. alatum of the Bot. Reg. is E.
amhigimm. — Mexico.
'FiG.—Batem. Orch. Mex. et Guat., t. 18 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3898 ; Paxt. Fl.
Card., i. t. 30; Lem. Jard. tl., t. 81.
Syn. — E. longipetalum ; E. calochilum ; E.formosum.
E. amabile.— See Epidendrum dichromum.
E. aradmoglossum, Rchb. f. — A free-flowering and very
showy plant, in which the stems are erect, simple, terete,
clothed below with distichous oblong-lanceolate obtuse fleshy
leaves, above which they run out into elongate rigid erect
vaginate scapes, bearing at the end a short corymbiform
raceme of violet-crimson flowers. The flowers are small,
with oblong acute deep violet-crimson sepals and petals, and
a lip of the same colour, three-lobed, the lateral lobes roundish
and deeply pectinately-laciniate, the middle lobe cuneiform,
deeply bilobed, the lobes similarly lacerate, having on the
disk a callus of five tubercles, of which the four upper are
golden orange-coloured, and the larger denticulate one pale
yellow. We saw this plant well-flowered with W. Lee, Esq.,
Downside, Leatherhead. It is an almost continuous succes-
sional bloomer. — jS!eiv Grenada : Popayan, elevation 6,200
feet.
FiG.—Eev. Eori., 1882, 554, with tab.
E. atropurpureum, Willd. — A very beautiful evergreen
species, of free-flowering habit, with ovate or obpyriform
rugose pseudobulbs, bearing two ligulate-oblong leaves, and
terminal erect peduncles, with well-furnished racemes of
handsome flowers. The cuneate-oblong sepals and petals,
incurved at the tips, are green at the base, brown above ;
the three-lobed lip large, pure white, with a feathered crimson
blotch at the base of the roundish flabelliform deeply notched
front portion. It blooms in April and May, and lasts five weeks
in good condition if the flowers are kept free from damp. —
Guatemala, New Grenada, Venezuela, (?) Antilles.
'FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 3534 ; Annates de Gnnd, 1846, t. 86 ; Orchid Album,
iv. t. 149.
Stn, — E. macrochilum.
310 oechid-gkowee's manual.
E. atropurpureum roseum, Rchh. f. — A beautiful variety of
E. atropurpureum, in which the broad ample lip is wholly
dark rose colour ; it blooms at the same time as the type, and
lasts long in beauty. It is equally with it a most desirable
plant. — Guatemala.
Fig. — Batem. Orch. Mex. et Guat., t. 17 ; Paxfon, Mag. Bot, xi. 243, with
tab. ; Fl. des Serves, t. 306 ; Fescatorea, t. 27 ; Illust. Hort., t. 541.
E. aurantiacuin, Batem. — A distinct species, similar in
growth to Cattleya Skinneri ; indeed, the stems so nearly
resemble those of that plant as to lead to its being often
mistaken for it. The stems are clavate, a foot high, two-
leaved, and producing their flowers from a sheath at the top
of the stem. The leaves are oblong emarginate, flat, leathery.
The flowers are in short somewhat drooping dense racemes,
of a bright orange, with the lip of the same colour, striped
with crimson, the sepals and petals lanceolate, and the lip
oblong cucullate, the base folded over the column, and
having three elevated lines on the disk. It blooms in March,
April, and May, lasting six weeks in perfection if kept in a
cool house. There are two varieties of this plant, both of
which we have had growing in the same house under the same
treatment. The best variety opens its flowers freely, while
in the other they keep nearly closed — a peculiarity which
renders the latter not worth growing. — Mexico and Guate-
mala.
Fig. — Batem. Orch. Mex. et Guat., t. 12 ; Gartevfora, t. 158.
S>YS.—E. aureum—i. Rchb.
E, bicomiLtllin, Hook. — A remarkably handsome Orchid,
which Mr. Bentham separates with three other species to
constitute the genus Diacrium., distinguished by its lip being
spreading instead of adnate to the base of the column, and by
the presence of two hollow horns between its lateral lobes.
It has fusiform furrowed stems a foot or more in height, the
younger ones leafy at the summit ; the leaves distichous,
ligulate-oblong, leathery, dark green ; and the peduncles
terminal on the mature stems, sometimes producing in one
raceme as many as twelve beautiful flowers, each about two
inches across, of a pure white, with a few crimson spots in
the centre of the lip, which has an elongate lance-shaped
middle lobe. It blooms in April and May, lasting two or
three weeks in beauty. This species is rather difiicult to
cultivate. The best plant we ever saw was grown on a block
EPIDENDKUM. 311
of wood without any moss, and flowered five or six years in
succession ; but in the seventh year it seemed to lose its
vigour, and never flowered afterwards, probably because the
block began to decay and get sour. We have seen plants do
well in pots and baskets with peat and good drainage. It
delights in an abundance of heat and moisture. — Trinidad,
Demerara.
'FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 3332 ; Jennings, Orch., t. 21 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., v.
245, with tab. ; Orchid Album, iv. t. 157.
Stn. — Diacrium bicornutum.
E. Brasavolse, Bchb. f. — This fine and remarkable species
derives its name from the resemblance in shape which the
flowers bear to those of a Brassavola. It has obpyriform
compressed pseudobulbs a span long, producing from their
apex a pair of oblong acute leaves, between which appears
a short pointed spathe, from which the tallish scape bearing
many flowers emerges. The flowers are large — four inches
across — but the parts are narrow ; they are very attractive
and very durable, the sepals and petals of a rich clear tawny
yellow ; the rhombeo-acuminate lip, which is wedge-shaped at
the base, is yellowish white in the lower half, the front
acuminate portion being of a beautiful mauve, and the disk
traversed by two or three carinate lines. The flowers are
sweet-scented in the evening. In its general habit the plant
resembles a large form of E. prismatocarpum. It will succeed
well in the Mexican house. — Central America: Veragua;
Guatemala, elevation 8,000 feet.
'Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5664.
E. CatilluS, Rchh. f. et Warsc. — A distinct and pretty
species of the Amphiglottium, group, having tall leafy stems,
clothed below with stout distichous oblong acute leaves, chan-
nelled down the centre and sheathing at the base, the stems
nmning out into long stout scaly peduncles, terminating in
erect racemes of numerous highly- coloured showy blossoms,
having bright red ovaries and pedicels. The sepals and petals
are narrow, obovate-lanceolate, acute, of a deep cinnabar red,
the sepals being glaucous on the outer surface ; the three-
lobed projecting lip is vermilion, the lateral lobes semicordate
oblong retrorse, toothed on the outer margin, the front lobe
narrow triangular bifid, toothed at the ends and connate at
the base, with a large obovate yellowish callus, the disk cari-
nate. Its tall habit makes it useful for grouping, and it
312 ORCHID- GEO WER'S MANUAIi.
succeeds well in a cool house. — New Grenada : Western Cor-
dillera.
Fia.—lll. Hort., 3 ser. t. 162.
Syn. — E. imperator.
E. ciliare, Linnmis. — A very old and curious species, the
flowers of which are most deliciously fragrant, especially at
night. The stems are clavate, that is, the short fusiform
pseudobulbs taper downwards into the scaly stalk. The
leaves grow two together from the apex of the pseudobulbs,
and are oblong obtuse, the racemes of several flowers rising
from between them, each flower having a long spathaceous
bract at its base. The sepals and petals are linear, pointed,
greenish yellow, and the lip three-parted, white, the lateral
lobes pectinately incised, and the middle lobe setaceous,
much longer than the side lobes. It blooms during the winter
months. — West Indies ; Tropical America.
The E. cuspidatum, from the West Indies, a very similar
plant, is considered a variety of this species, but the flowers
are larger and more yellow, and differ chiefly in the middle
lobe of the lip being linear-lanceolate and not appreciably
longer than the side lobes.
'EiG.—Bot. Reg., t. 784 ; Id., t. 783 (cuspidatum) ; Bot. Mag., t. 463
(cuspidatum); Locld. Bot. Cab., t. 10 (cuspidatum); Redoute LiL, t. 82;
Jacquin, Amtr., t. 179, fig. 89.
E. cinnalDarilLllin, Salzm. — A tall-growing plant, having
leafy stems four feet high, which are furnished with oblong
distichous leaves slightly recurved at the point, and bear ter-
minal corymbiform racemes of bright scarlet flowers ; these are
produced in abundance in May, June, and July, and continue
in succession for two or three months. The sepals and petals
are lanceolate, scarlet, the lip three-lobed, keeled, with a
pair of calli at the base, the side lobes deeply incised, the
front lobe contracted in the middle, than suddenly wedge-
shaped, with the angles prolonged into one or two fine teeth ;
the colour of the lip is orange-yellow spotted with red. —
Brazil; Venezuela.
Fia.—Bot. Reg., 1842, t. 25 ; Eartinger, Farad., t. 14.
E. cnemidophorum, Lindley. — This is a rare and strikingly
handsome cool house Orchid, one which the late lamented
Mr. Skinner had so much difficulty in getting home alive.
It is a vigorous-growing plant, forming tufts of stout leafy
stems four to six feet in height. The leaves sheath the stem,
EPIDENDRUM. 313
and are about an inch wide, six to ten inches long, tapering
to a point. The flowers grow in terminal nodding racemes,
rarely compound, emerging from a spathe of several blunt
sheathing equitant pale green bracts, and are fleshy, about an
inch and a half across, on long pedicels, numerous, creamy
yellow outside, the inner surface nearly covered with blotches
of rich crimson-brown ; the sepals are oblong obtuse, the petals
linear, and the lip three-lobed, the side lobes larger, rounded
and entire, and the middle lobe wedge-shaped, cleft into two
blunt segments, creamy white tinted with rose, as also is the
prominent club-shaped column. Being of strong-growing
habit, and throwing out large fleshy roots, it requires abundant
pot-room and good drainage. It was flowered first by the
late Sir P. Egerton, Bart., at Oulton. — Guatemala, elevation
7,000 feet.
YiG.—Bot. 3Iag., t. 5656.
E. Cooperianuni, Batem. — A beautiful species, with stout
erect rigid stems, growing from two to three feet high, neat
and compact in habit, and thickly clothed in the upper part
with stifi" distichous lanceolate sharp-pointed leaves. The
flowers, which are of a leathery texture, grow in drooping
dense many-flowered racemes, and are of a pale olive green
or yellowish brown, with the large three-lobed lip of a bright
rose colour ; the lateral lobes are large and roundish, and the
smaller central one kidney-shaped and emarginate. A most
desirable species, and of easy culture in the Cattleya house. —
Brazil.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5654.
E. diclironilllll, Lmdley. — A beautiful and showy species,
with ovate fusiform two-leaved pseudobulbs, three to six inches
long, rigid ligulate leaves rounded at the apex, and scapes
three feet high, bearing bold panicles of flowers, two inches
in diameter ; the sepals are linear-lanceolate, and the petals
obovate, both of a fine rose colour, and the hp lengthened
out, deeply three-lobed, the lateral lobes turned up over the
column, white, purple at the spreading ends, the middle lobe
obcordate, ribbed on the disk, of a rich deep crimson-purple
with white margin. The flowers vary in colour, the sepals
and petals being sometimes nearly white. A most desirable
species, " rivalling the best of the Barkerias." — Bahia.
FJG.—Bot. Mn(j., t. 5491 J Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PI, t. 112.
Stn.— £. amabile.
314 ORCHID- grower's manual.
E. dichronium Suriatnm, Bchh. f. — A very beautiful variety
of E. dichrom.um, in which both sepals and petals are white,
and all the veins marked out by radiating deep purple lines.
— Bahia.
E. eburneuni, Echb. f. — A handsome and vei-y commend-
able species, the flowers of which have something the aspect of
those of a Brassavola. It grows two feet high, its erect fascicled
terete stems being furnished with large spreading linear-
oblong obtuse amplexicaul coriaceous leaves of a deep green
colour, placed alternately upon the stems. The raceme is
terminal, consisting of four to six flowers, which have linear-
lanceolate acuminate sepals an inch and a half long, white
tinted with pale citron-green, similar but somewhat narrower
petals, and a large orbicular-cordate ivory white sessile lip,
an inch and a half in diameter, and having two small yellow
calli at the base. The plant is well worthy of general culti-
vation.— Panama : near Colon, in swamps.
'FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6643.
E. ellipticum, Graham. — Though not so ornamental as
many of its congeners, this is a very pretty and lively-looking
species on account of its free-flowering habit. It has tall
erect leafy stems, attaining a height of two or three feet or
more, furnished below with distichous elliptic blunt coriaceous
sheathing dark green leaves, the upper part running out in a
long jointed bracteate peduncle, terminated by a corymbiform
raceme of rose-coloured flowers, which are produced in pro-
fusion in March, April, May, and June, the plant continuing
to bloom for three or four months. The sepals and petals are
obovate-lanceolate, and the lip three-lobed, the lateral lobes
roundish-cuneate, and the middle one larger and obcordate, all
of a pleasing rose colour. — Brazil.
-piG—Bot. Mag., t. 3543 ; Hoolc. Ex. Fl, t. 207 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., 1. 1276.
SrN. — £. crassijblium.
E. erubescens, Lindley. — A magnificent species of very dis-
tinct habit, making long woody rhizomes, which root from
the under side and bear the fusiform two-leaved pseudobulbs
at intervals of about six inches. The leaves are oblong
acute, and the flowers grow in ample flexuose panicles ; the
oblong obtuse sepals and similarly formed unguiculate petals
are broad, and of a beautiful delicate mauve, while the three-
lobed lip, which has the middle lobe subrotund, and marked
EPIDENDRUM. 315
with three elevated veins, is of a darker shade of the same
colour, and yellow at the base. The flowers last in beauty
for six or eight weeks, so that the species is a very desirable
one for the cultivator ; it is, however, somewhat difficult to
grow. We have found it thrive well on long blocks of wood
in the cool house with Odontoglossums, where it was always
kept damp at the roots. — Mexico.
'Em.—Batem. Orch. Mex. et Guat, t. 32.
E. eyectuin, Hook fil. — A very well-marked and beautiful
evergreen species, which may be said to be a perpetual
bloomer. It is one of the group having tall leafy stems,
the upper part of which runs out into a leafless peduncle
furnished with bracts, and terminating in the inflorescence.
The stems are fascicled, bulbiform at the base, three to five
feet high, branching and rooting, bearing leaves towards
the upper end. The leaves are distichous, four to six
inches long, oblong-lanceolate, emarginate, leathery, and
somewhat clasping the stem at their base. The peduncles
run out from the top of the stem, and are bracteate with the
lower bracts sheathing, the apex bearing a short subcylindrical
many-flowered raceme. The flowers have long pale red
pedicels, and are of a deep magenta-purple, the sepals and
petals being narrowly obovate, and the lip three-lobed, the
lateral lobes cuneate, the middle one deeply parted into two
subquadrate divaricate segments, all the lobes being deeply
lacerated at the outer margin. It is the finest of the section
to which it belongs, and its beautiful high-coloured flowers
last a long time in perfection. It has been grown at Kew
for many years, flourishing at the cool end of an intermediate
house. — Siqjposed to he from New Grenada.
YiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5902.
E. falcatum, Lindley. — A rather handsome species when well
grown. The plant is pendulous in habit and very distinct
from any of the other Epidendrums, having branching stems,
which are sparsely leafy, the leaves oblong-lanceolate, thick,
a foot long, and having a curiously tapered narrow point.
The flowers, which are large, proceed from the top of the
bulb, one or two together ; the sepals and petals are linear-
lanceolate, two to two and a half inches long, of a pale
yellowish green, tinted with olive-brown, and the lip is orange-
yellow, three-lobed, the lateral lobes large, semicordate, erose,
o 2
316 ORCHID- grower's manual.
and the middle one linear-acuminate, entire. It blooms
during the summer months, and lasts long in beauty. This
plant is best grown in a basket with moss. — Mexico.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 3778 ; Bate77i. Orch. Mex. et Guat, t. 25.
Syn. — E. Parkinsonianum ; E. aloi folium; E. lactiflorum.
E. rriderici Guilielmi, Warsc. et Rchb. f. — An erect-grow-
ing evergreen species of ornamental character, with tall
robust stems an inch in diameter at the base, clothed with
distichous cuneate ob ovate shortly acuminate leaves a foot
long and four inches broad. The stems grow out into a
purple peduncle, supporting a short broad many-flowered
raceme, the long pedicels being also of a purple colour.
The flowers are of a rich crimson ; the sepals and petals are
narrow lanceolate, acute, the lip three-lobed, the lateral lobes
roundish semicordiform, the middle lobe tongue-shaped,
acuminate, with two large blunt rhomboid calli at its base,
the calli as well as the apex of the column being white ;
hence the flowers appear to have a white eye. It flowers
in June, and being of fleshy texture the blossoms will no
doubt last for a considerable time. — Northern Peru, elevation
6,000—8,000 feet.
'Fm.—Xenia Orch., i. t. 51 ; Jll. Hoi't., 3 ser. t. 48 ; Puydt, Les Orch., 1. 19.
E. HanlDlirii, Lindley. — A distinct and well-marked species,
which, though not so showy as some of its congeners, is worth
growing on account of its pleasing colour. It has largish
ovate pseudobulbs, broad ensiform leathery leaves, and scapes
about two feet high, bearing well-filled racemes of flowers ;
the epathulate sepals and petals are deep purple, and the
three-lobed lip pale rose with radiating crimson veins. It
blooms during the spring months, lasting long in beauty. —
Mexico.
Fig.— Gartenjlora, t. 398.
E. ibaguense, Humb. et Kunth. — A very handsome species,
with tall slender stems as thick as a swan's quill, leafy in
the upper portion, the leaves \exy fleshy, oblong obtuse,
and stem-clasping, the extreme end of the stem leafless,
and terminating in a dense almost globose head of orange-
coloured flowers with a yellow obcordate lip, the lateral lobes
of which are cordate, rounded at the tip and fimbriate. — New
Grenada ; Peru.
Fig.— Floral Mag., t. 390.
EPIDENDRUM. 317
E. macrochillim, — See Epidendrum atropurpureum.
E. myriailtlllini, Lindley. — A charming plant of a "most
brilliant " character, very rare in cultivation. It has taU
but graceful stems growing about three feet high, and clothed
with long linear- lanceolate distichous leaves, the sheathing
bases of which are marked by black dots. Above the leaves
is borne a magnificent pyramidal compound panicle of small
but very numerous flowers, which are of a nearly uniform
ruby red. It flowers in June, and continues long in beauty.
It will not bloom if subjected to much heat ; the cool house,
therefore, will suit it best. — Mountains of Guatemala.
¥lG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5656 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PI, t. 163.
E. nemorale, Lindley. — A noble evergreen species, of
vigorous habit, with ovate pseudobulbs four inches high,
bearing on the top two ensiform obtuse leaves a foot long, of
a light green colour, and from between them a stout warty
peduncle three feet long, supporting an ample drooping panicle
of flowers which are individually four inches across, and, when
expanded, have a remarkably handsome appearance. It
makes a fine exhibition plant, on account of its being well
adapted for travelling, and from its distinct and pleasing
colour. The sepals and petals are linear-lanceolate acuminate,
of a delicate rosy mauve, the three-lobed lip having the middle
lobe oval crenellate, white in the centre, with three short
red lines, and bordered with deep rose. There are several
varieties of this species all worthy of cultivation. It is found
growing on rocks and trees, and will do well in the Cattleya
house. — Mexico.
'FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4606 ; Bot. Reg., 1844, t. 51 ; Lem. Jard. Fl, t. 253.
Syn. — E, verrucosum, Hort.
E. nemorale majUS, Warner. — This is a vastly superior
variety of what is in any form a most desirable plant. It is
of the same style of growth and habit, but bears a magnificent
panicle of flowers, sometimes three feet long with seven
branches, the colours being paler and more delicate than in
the type, the linear-lanceolate sepals and petals being of a
very light tint of rosy mauve, and the large front lobe of the
lip distinctly white in the centre with the three short red
lines very distinc ly marked ; the smaller acute falcate side
lobes are of a deeper rose, and reflexed at the ends. — Mexico.
FlQ.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI., i. 1. 13.
318 ORCHID -grower's manual.
E. paEiculatum, Ruiz et Pavon. — This is a noble plant,
with leafy stems, three or four feet high, in the way of those
of E. mijrianthum . The dark gi'een leaves are distichous
oblong-lanceolate acuminate, often spotted beneath with
purple. The flowers are produced from the top of the stem
in a dense branched nodding panicle upwards of a foot long,
many-branched, and bearing a profusion of lovely rosy lilac
fragrant blossoms, which are produced in April, and last a
long time in beauty. The sepals are small spathulate ligu-
late, the petals almost filiform, and the lip deeply four-lobed.
It will succeed in a cool house. — Peru; Bolivia ; New Grenada.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5731 ; 111 Hort., 3 ser., t. 211.
E. Parkinsoniamim. — See Epidendrum aloifolium.
E. plKEniceuni, Lhulley. — A. rather pretty species, with
roundish ovate pseudobulbs, a pair of erect narrowly oblong
leathery leaves, and a scabrous panicle two to three feet high,
bearing good-sized scentless flowers, of which the obovate
lanceolate sepals and petals are purple, and the roundish
undulated emarginate lip is of a clear bright rose with deep-
coloured veins and stains in the centre. It blooms during
the summer months. The variety ranillosnnnn , which is the
same as E. Grahami, diflers in being vanilla-scented, and in
having a white lip spotted with rose.
Fig.— Ser^. Orch., t. 46; Paxton, Mag. Bot, ix. 97, with tab.; Fl. des
Serres, t. 47 ; Id., t. 306 (var. vanillosmum) ; Bot. Mag. t. 3885 (G-rahami).
Syn. — E. Gj-ahami.
E. prismatocarpum, Bchh. f. — A strikingly handsome
Orchid, well-marked in character, and deserving of general
cultivation. It is robust in habit, and has pyriform slightly
furrowed pseudobulbs tapered upwards, and crowned with
two or three ligulate evergreen leaves a foot long. The
scapes are erect, produced from the top of the pseudobulbs,
and each bear a raceme of about fourteen flowers, which
have oblong-lanceolate acuminate sepals and petals, pale
ereamy yellow with large dark purple blotches, the column
of the same creamy yellow, and the narrowly triangular free
part of the lip rose colour mai-gined with pale yellow. It
blooms in June and July, and will last several weeks in
perfection. There are several varieties of this species. —
Central America : Chiriqui.
¥iQ.—Bot. Mag., t. 5336 ; Xe7iia Orch., ii. 1. 123; Wa)-ner, Sel. Orch. PL,
i. t. 9 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PL, t. 109.
Syn. — E. maculatum ; E. nigromaculatum ; E, Uro-Skinneri.
EPIDENDRUM. 319
E. pseudepidendrum, Rchb.f. — A very distinct and striking
species, producing rather scanty terminal racemes of lovely
flowers. It has long reed-like stems two to three feet high,
cylindrical with a tumid base, and bearing near the top the
distichous linear-oblong acuminate leaves, which are leathery,
dark green, and about six inches long. The terminal few-
flowered racemes have very slender peduncles and pedicels.
The flowers are two and a half inches in diameter, with the
narrow spathulate sepals and narrower petals of a bright green,
and the lip an inch broad, nearly orbiculate, retuse, with the
margin yellowish and serrulate, rich orange-scarlet, the disk
traversed by five keels and having a three-lobed callus at the
base. The efi'ect of the scarlet lip against the green sepals
and petals is charming, and is a combination of colours
seldom met with. It was introduced by M. Warscewicz, and
flowers in January and February. — Central America :
Chiriqui, elevation 4,000 feet.
¥lG.—Boi. Mag., t. 6929 ; Xenia Orch., i. t. 53.
Syn. — Pseudejiidendruni sjiectabile.
E. radicans, Pavon. — A pretty but shy-flowering evergreen
scandent Orchid, the tall erect leafy stems often reaching
ten feet in height. The distichous leaves are ovate oblong
subcordate and partially sheathing. The bright orange-
scarlet flowers are produced in corymbiform racemes on
the leafless scaly terminal growths, the sepals and petals
being acutely lanceolate, and the lip three-lobed, with the
side lobes toothed, and the cuneate biparted front lobe deeply
laciniate ; the same spike will keep in beauty for three
months. It is best grown in a pot in peat, with good
drainage. When the plant becomes tall it should be trained
round some sticks, which is the best way to make it flower.
We have known Mr. Woolley, of Cheshunt, to have the same
plant in flower for twelve months at a time. — Mexico;
Guatemala.
Fig. — Paxton, Mag. Bot., xii. 145, with tab.; Orchid Album, iv. t. 161.
Syn. — E, rhizophorum,
E, Sceptrum, Lindley. — A very old and pretty species, but
very rare in cultivation. It is quite distinct in growth,
having compressed pear-shaped pseudobulbs a foot long, long
thin remote lorate leaves, and erect racemes one to two feet
long, bearing very numerous flowers, as many as three dozen
sometimes being collected in one raceme, the peduncle of which
320 obchid-gbower's manual.
proceeds from the apex of the pseudobulb. The lanceolate
sepals and obovate petals are brilliant golden yellow spotted with
dark purple, and the lip is white at the base, profusely marked
with bright purple. The flowers, although small, are produced
in such profusion as to render this a most ornamental plant.
It blossoms in September and October. — Venezuela; New
Grenada.
E. SchomMrgMi, Lindley. — A very handsome species in
the way of i?. cinnabarinum andE. radicans, having the upper
portion of the stems leafless but furnished with sheathing
bracts, and terminating in a short close or corymbiform
raceme of rich vermilion-scarlet flowers. The leaves are dis-
tichous, oblong obtuse, fleshy, and in the wild plant bordered
with crimson dots. The sepals and petals are linear-lanceo-
late ; the lip three-lobed, strongly keeled, and bicallose at the
base, the lateral lobes broad semiovate, rounded and lacerate
behind, the front lobe cuneate gradually widening upwards,
the edge denticulate, and the apex with a short triangular
cusp. The form of the lip offers considerable variation, a
frequent change being that the lobes run nearly together into
one circular plate. — Demerara ; Brazil ; Peru.
'FlG.—Bot. Reg., 18C8, t. JS ; Maund, Bot, iv. t. 165 ; Duperrey, Voy., t.
43.
S YN. — E. fulgent,
E. Stamfordianuill, Batem. — ^A handsome spotted-flowered
species of very distinct character, being one of the few species
which produce a radical inflorescence. It has fusiform pseudo-
bulbs a span long, tapering below into a slender scaly foot-
stalk, andterminatedby three or four oblong obtuse coriaceous
leaves six or seven inches long. The peduncle rises from the
root and bears a large many-flowered panicle of fragrant
blossoms which are an inch and a half across, of a bright
yellow tinged with green, thickly decorated with blood-red
spots, those of the petals being larger and fewer than those
on the sepals, while the lip has the lateral lobes creamy white
and the front lobe yellow, the latter being sparingly spotted.
The sepals and petals are lanceolate, the lip three-parted,
flat, the lateral lobes large oblong, the middle one transversely
oblong, emarginate, and fimbriate. The type is described
as having a vivid violet spot at the base of the lip, while in
the variety pictum there is a crimson line down the centre of
that organ. It blooms in April and May, lasting a considerable
EPIDENDKUM.
821
time in perfection. There are two varieties of this plant, one
having much brighter coloured flowers than the other ; the
best form is characterised by having longer and thinner bulbs
than the other.
¥iG.—Bafem. Orch. Mex. et Guat., t. 11 ; Khtzsch, in L. K. 4- 0., Ic. PI.
Ear. BeroL, t. 45 ; Bot. Jfacf., t. 4759 (pictum) ; Lem. Jard. FL, t. 251
(pictum).
Syn. — E. basUare ; E. cycnostalix — fide Rchb.
E. syringOtliyrsilS, llchh. /'. — A tall-growing and extremely
handsome cool house species, the moderately slender tufted
stems of which attain a height of three to four feet, and are
clothed with distichous sheathing elliptic-lanceolate recurved
leathery leaves, which are about six inches long, and of a
light green colour. The flowers are produced in dense ovoid
racemes, which bear from seventy to eighty flowers on long
slender pedicels, which are of a reddish purple like the flowers,
the sepals and petals being small elliptic-lanceolate, and the
small three-lobed lip white on the disk with three tumid
yellow calli, and of the same reddish purple as the rest of the
flower in front. — Bolivia, elevation 7,000 — 8,000 feet.
7iG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6145.
Et TitelliEUlIL, Lindleij. — A beautiful dwarf-growing plant,
one of the most brilliant of the family, and one which is very
distinct in character. The pseudobulbs are ovate acuminate,
and bear two oblong-ligulate acute glaucous leaves, and erect
many-flowered racemes of brilliant vermilion-orange blossoms,
of which the sepals and petals are ovate-lanceolate, and the
lip linear-acuminate and together with the column of a bright
yellow colour. It blossoms during the autumn months, and
lasts six weeks or more in good condition. This is best
grown in the Mexican house, as it delights in an abundance
of light ; but it will also do well with the Odontoglots in the
cool house, and requires plenty of moisture at the roots. —
Mexico ; Guatemala, on cloud-ca'pped mountains amidst con-
tinual mists.
Fig.— Serium Orch., t. 45 ; Bot. Reg., 1840, t. 35 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4107 ;
Moore, III. Orch. PL, Epidendrum, t. 1 ; Paxt. Mag. Bot , v. 49, with tab. ;
Fl. des Serres, t. 1026 ; III. Hort., t. 4 ; Otto cf Deit., Allg. Gartenz., 1855,
t. 9.
E. Titellinum majUS, Hart. — This beautiful variety is of the
same colour as the typical E. vitellinum, the only difference
being in the size of the flowers, which are considerably larger,
o 3
OECHID- GROWER S MANUAL.
BPIDENDRTTM VITELLINUM
MAJUS.
the sepals and petals broader, and very thick and fleshy in
texture. It usually flowers during the summer months, and
lasts in bloom for an immense time. It sends up from the
top part of the bulbs its bril-
liantly-coloured blooms, which
issue from a sheath formed in
autumn. The plant requires the
same treatment as the type. Mr.
R. Warner, of Chelmsford, grows
a large quantity of this plant with
his Odontoglossums, and the effect
of these when in flower and in-
terspersed with them is charming.
It is, moreover, one of the best
Orchids for exhibition purposes
on account of its lasting such a
long time in perfection. It is
easily packed and bears travelling
well ; we have used a specimen
as many as five or six times at different shows. For home
growth its distinct colour claims for it a place in every
collection. — Mexico .
Fig. — Orchid Album, i. t. 4 ; Floral Mag., t. 261 ; Jennings, Orch,, t. 31 ;
Puydt, Les Orch., t. 20.
E. "Wallisii, Bchh. /. — This wonderful species is com-
paratively new to our collections. It is one of those which do
not form pseudobulbs, but instead produces tall leafy stems,
several feet in height, which are spotted with brownish
purple, and clothed with distichous leaves. The peduncles
are both lateral and terminal, and bear elegant drooping
racemes of flowers, which intermingled with the foliage pro-
duce a most charming effect. The flowers are numerous and
showy, about an inch and a half across, and sweet-scented ;
the ligulate-oblong sepals and petals are rich golden yellow
marked with small carmine-crimson spots ; and the Up is
broad, cuneately flabellate, white, with radiating feathery
minutely tubercled lines of magenta-purple. It flowers during
the months of October and November, and continues from
three to five months in perfection. — New Grenada.
Fig. — Orchid Album, ii, t. 74.
EPISTEPHIUM — ERIOPSIS. 323
EpISTEPHIUM, Ku7lt7i.
{Tribe NeottieEe, suhtribe VanilleEe.)
A genus of terrestrial Orchids allied to Sohralia, from
which it differs by the sepals being free, and surrounded at
the base by a shallow-toothed calyculate rim, those of Sohralia
being connate, and having no rim at the summit of the ovary.
They are erect-growing, with rigid coriaceous nervose leaves,
and showy flowers in terminal racemes. Some half-dozen
species from Tropical South America are known to botanists.
Culture. — Being a terrestrial species, the crowns should
not be elevated above the rim of the pot. They succeed best
when potted in fibrous loam and sand, and must have good
drainage as they require a liberal supply of water ; they will
do well in the Cattleya house.
E. Williamsii, Hook. fil. — This beautiful and remarkable
plant is so nearly allied to the Sohralias, that it was intro-
duced under the name of S. sessilis. Its root consists of a
tuft of fleshy underground fibres, and it grows upwards of
a foot high. The stems are erect, a foot to a foot and a half
high, with semiamplexicaul leaves, very dark green and
shining in the upper part, those on the lower part of the stem
diminished. The flowers are large, six or eight on a terminal
spike, of a bright mauve, the linear- oblong sepals, the broader
oblong petals, and the front margin of the lip wholly mauve
colour, the roundish terminal lobe of the deeply bifid lip with
a broad white space near the base, surrounded by a band of
deep reddish purple, the disk bearing a small crest of long
yellow hairs. — Bahia.
'PlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5485; Baiem. 2nd Century Orch. PL, t. 103.
EeiOPSIS, Lindley.
{Tribe Vandese, subtribe Cyrtopodiese.)
A small genus of epiphytal Orchids, with pseudobulbous
stems, long plicately venose leaves, and racemose flowers
324 obchid-grower's manual.
distinguished by their spreading sepals, by the large lateral
lobes of the lip loosely enfolding the wingless column, while
the middle lobe is much reduced and spreading, and by the
collateral lamellae on the disk. Three or four species from
Tropical South America are known.
Culture. — These plants succeed best potted in peat, with
good drainage, and require a liberal supply of water at the
roots, with full exposure to the sun ; they are propagated by
dividing the bulbs. The coolest house will suit them.
E. Mloba, Lindley. — A showy evergreen species of a
distinct aspect. It has elongate ovate terete pseudobulbs
three inches long, with two or three broadly lanceolate plicate
dark green leaves at the top, and throws up from the base a
long erect dark purple peduncle bearing a raceme a foot high
or more of numerous gaily-coloured flowers, which are about
an inch across, and have a short chin. The sepals and petals
are short oblong, blunt, yellow with orange-red margins ; and
the lip is yellow, minutely spotted with brown, subcordate
ovate, the front lobe much contracted and bluntly retuse, the
disk bearing a crest of several collateral triangular lamellae,
and the column green, semiterete, bent down over the concave
lip. — New Grenada; British Guiana.
¥lQ.—Bot. Reg., 1847, _t. 18.
Syn. — E. Schomburgkii.
E. rutidolDlllboil, Hook. — A fine evergreen species, of larger
and stouter habit than E. hiloha. Its pseudobulbs are ovate-
oblong, terete, much wrinkled on the surface, and of a purplish
black colour, surmounted by a pair, rarely three, broad lanceo-
late nervose leaves, and producing from the base of the pseudo-
bulb a dark purple terete scape a foot and a half long, bearing
a drooping raceme of numerous handsome flowers. The
sepals and petals are spreading oblong obtuse, dull orange-
yellow with reddish purple margins ; the lip is about the
same length, is three-lobed, the disk striated and lamellate,
with a dull crest, the broad lateral lobes involute, and the
front lobe much smaller, orbicular, and obscurely emarginate,
white with dark purple spots, the other parts dull orange-red
dotted with dark purple. The individual flowers are nearly
EULOPHIA. 325
two inches across. — New Grenada: Antioqida, on palm stems
fully exposed to the sun — elevation 4,000 to 5,000 feet.
YlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4437; Pescato7-ea, t. 20; Annales de Gand, 1849,
t. 253.
EULOPHIA, Robert Brown.
{Tribe Vandese, subtribe Eulophiese.)
A genus of terrestrial Orchids, having leafy stems, which
sometimes become thickened into pseudobulbs at the base,
the leaves distichous and plicately nerved, and in the genuine
species producing leafless scapes from the base of the stem, some
few anomalous species, however, flowering from the apex of the
leafy stem. Among the Vandeous genera with pseudobulbs
and plicate leaves, its chief peculiarity is the presence of a
gibbose sac or spur at the base of the lip. The fifty species
which are known are most abundant in Tropical and South
Africa, the others occurring in Tropical Asia, with one or
two in Australia, and an erratic species appears to have been
found in Brazil.
Culture. — Very few species of this interesting genus are
known in cultivation. They are best grown in pots, in a
compost of good fibrous loam, leaf soil, and sand, with the
addition of a little charcoal. The temperature of the Cattleya
house will be found to suit them best. Propagation is effected
by separating the pseudobulbs.
E. guineensis, Loddiges. — This is unquestionably the most
ornamental species in cultivation, the others which we have
seen, several in number, all producing inconspicuous flowers.
The bulbs of E. guineensis are broadly pear-shaped, from an
inch to an inch and a half in height, and from their crown
proceed two leaves which are elliptic-lanceolate, plicate, and
stalked. The flower scape is erect, three feet high, produced
from the base of the pseudobulb, and terminates in a raceme
of from seven to twelve flowers ; the individual flowers are
326 oechid-groweb's manual.
about two and a half inches in diameter, the sepals and
petals dull purplish green, the lip large, three-lobed, the
middle lobe very blunt, undulated, white with crimson stripes
at the base, the lateral lobes rolled, and the spur subulate.
It flowers in September and October. — West Tropical Africa.
Fia.—Loddiffes, Bot. Cab., t. 818 ; Bot. Mag., t. 2467 ; Bot. Reg., t. 686.
E. guineensis purpnrata, RcKb. /. — A very rare and beauti-
ful variety of E. guineensis, having flowers much richer in
colour than in the ordinary forms ; sepals and petals deep
rosy purple, lip rich bright magenta, traversed by deep crim-
son veins. The pseudobulbs are roundish ovate, and the
somewhat plicate leaves are oblong-acuminate, six inches long,
narrowed below into a petiole. The scapes, which rise from
the base of the bulbs, are a foot or more in height, and bear
a raceme of seven to ten pedicellate spurred flowers. The
sepals and petals are linear-acuminate, deep rosy purple, all
directed upwards, and the broad roundish-ovate pointed front
lobe of the lip is of a bright magenta, traversed by crimson
flabellate veins, which become deep rosy purple as they con-
verge towards the base, the extreme base being white, and
the short blunt side lobes blush. The slender spur is deep
purple, and the column rosy purple. It is a charmingly
beautiful richly coloured plant. — West Tropical Africa.
Tig.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 89.
GrALEANDRA, Lhidley.
{Tribe Vandese, subtribe Ealophiese.)
Some of the species belonging to this genus are small-
flowered, and possess little beauty to attract the attention of
amateurs ; a few, however, have large and beautifully coloured
blossoms, and are well deserving general cultivation. They are
deciduous terrestrial or epiphytical plants, with erect slender
distichous plicate leaves, becoming consolidated at the base into
tuberiform or elongated stems, which produce their racemose
inflorescence from the top, just as they have finished their
growth. Their flowers are peculiar in the lip assuming the
GALEANDRA. 327
form of a broad funnel-shaped spur. Some half-dozen species
from Tropical America are described.
Culture. — These plants are best grown in pots, with peat
and good draiaage, in the East Indian house, and should
have a good supply of water at their roots during their period
of growth. Afterwards they should be moved into the
Cattleya house, and placed near the glass, but not kept too
dry. When growth commences they should be replaced in
the East Indian house, and be freely supplied with water.
Galeandras are somewhat difficult to cultivate, and in the
growing season require strict attention in regard to keeping
their leaves fi-ee from the red spider and the thrips, which
may be done by carefully syringing the plants twice a day
in warm weather.
&. Baueri, Lindley. — A desirable dwarf epiphytal species,
growing about a foot high, the young stems leafy with a bulbi-
formbase, growing up and developing the drooping corymbiform
inflorescence from the apex ; as these stems become matured
they form at the base an ovate- acuminate pseudobulb. The
leaves are several in number, lanceolate and three-nerved,
and the peduncles are clothed with linear-lanceolate sheathing
leafy bracts. The sepals and petals are linear-oblong acute,
all spreading or directed upwards, brownish green, the two
petals darkest ; and the lip large, rolled round the column,
the front lobe emarginate and crenellate, purple in front, white
exteriorly, the base extended into a narrow extinguisher-
shaped spur. The colour of the flowers varies in brightness.
The blossoms are produced in the months of June, July, and
August, and continue in perfection a long time. This makes
a fine plant when well grown, and it is w^orth all the care that
can be bestowed upon it. When Mr. Schroder's collection
was intact, he invariably exhibited this plant in splendid con-
dition at Chiswick ; we have never seen it so good since,
which is to be regretted. Indeed it is now a rare plant, but
we trust we may soon get some fresh importations. — French
Guiana ; South Mexico ; Guatemala.
¥lG.—Bot. Reg., 1840, t. 49; Paxton, Mag. Bot., xiv. 49, with fig.;
Bauer, 111. Orch. PL, t. 8 ; Batem. Orch. Mex, et Guat., t. 19 (icon, phan-
tastica) ; Puydt, Les Orch., 196, fig. 193.
328
OKCHrD-GROWER S MANUAL.
Gr. cristata, Lindley. — A desirable dwarf-growing species,
about eight inches high, with the habit of G. JJevoniana.
The flowers, which are produced in a drooping raceme, are,
however, much smaller, and of a pink and dark purple colour ;
they have the linear-lanceolate sepals and petals reflexed, and
the lip convolute, crisped at the edge and pubescent within,
with two keels at the base ; the spur is acuminate, horizontal,
and the anther has a peculiar rhomboid purple crest mounted
OQ a white shaft. These flowers appear in July and August,
and last four or five weeks in perfection. — Cayenne.
(j. Devoniana, Lindley.— k
beautiful epiphytal Orchid of
slender habit, growing about two
feet high — five to six feet in its
native haimts. The stems are
erect, terete, and when young have
many leaves, which are lanceolate,
sheathing, and three-nerved. The
blossoms, which are produced in
pendent racemes from the top of
the stems, have ascending lance-
shaped sepals and petals of a
darkish purple with green mar-
gins ; the lip is large, broadly
obovate, the sides meeting over
the column, the front projected
forward, white, the apex thickly
striped and pencilled with purple,
the disk bearing four lamellae, and
the spur at the base being green
and recurved. It blooms at dif-
ferent times of the year, and
GALEANDRA PEVQNiANA. remalus a long time in beauty.
Y 16. —Lindley, Sert. Orch., t. 37; Bot. Mag., t. 4610; Batem. 2nd Cent.,
t. 152 ; Warner, Set. Orch. PL, i. t. 37 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., viii. 145, with
tab. ; Illust. Hort., t. 176 ; Maund. Bot., v. t. 231 ; Lem. Jard. FL, t. 195.
Gr. diYeS, Rchb. f. — A very pretty dwarf-growing epiphytal
species, with stout erect cylindrical stems, lanceolate acumi-
nate leaves, and flowers produced from the top of the stems
in di'ooping racemes in August and September. The sepals
and petals are subequal lanceolate acuminate, reddish brown,
and the lip transversely rhomboid, retuse in front, creamy
galeand:
NIVALIS
GONGOKA. 329
white suffused with pink, and produced into a large extin-
guisher-shaped spur behind. In the Bot. Mag. figure referred
here by Reichenbach, the flowers are yellow, with the front part
of the funnel-shaped lip for about one-third its length marked
by sanguineous lines. — Tropical America : New Grenada.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 4701 (as Baueri).— f. Kchb.
Gr. Harveyana, Rchb.f. — This is a pretty novelty, named in
honour of E. Harvey, Esq., of Riversdale Road, Aigburth,
Liverpool, a great enthusiast in Orchid culture. In its habit
of growth the plant resembles G. Devoniana. The flowers
grow in short racemes, and have cuneate-oblong sepals and
petals of a sepia-brown colour, and a light yellow lip, with a
tuft of hair on the anterior portion of the disk ; the lip is
dilated in front, and parted into three obtuse lobes, and at
the base is extended into a slightly curved spur. The column
is bordered on each side with mauve. — Trojjical America.
G. nivalis, Hort. — This is a very rare and distinct epiphytal
species, and has been recently flowered by Sir Trevor Law-
rence, Bart., M.P. It has slender erect fusiform glaucous
stems, long narrow lanceolate grassy leaves, and drooping
racemes of rather pretty flowers, which are produced in March,
each about two inches in length, and having narrow reflexed
rich olive-coloured sepals and petals, and a white lip, funnel-
shaped at the base, the front lobe broad, flat, expanded and
emarginate, and marked with a large central violet-coloured
blotch. — Tropical America.
Fig.— Gar d. Ckron., N.s., xvii. 537, fig. 85.
GONGORA, Ruiz et Pavon.
(Tribe Vandes, suhtribe Cyrtopodiese.)
This genus is somewhat despised by Orchidists, yet it
contains some very interesting and free- flowering species,
which, as nearly all of them are fragrant, have a claim to our
attention. They are compact-growing evergreen pseudobulbous
epiphytes, each bulb having two broad plicate leaves contracted
into a stalk-like base, and they bear long drooping racemes of
330 obchid-grower's manual.
singular grotesque-looking richly coloured flowers on scapes
which spring from the base of the pseudobulbs. The flowers
have the petals and the erect dorsal sepal adnate with the
back and sides of the column, and a very peculiar hollow
fleshy lip, having two or more awns or horns from near its
base. About a score of species are known, all Tropical
American.
Culture. — In the earlier days of Orchid culture one often
saw fine specimens of Gongora, but latterly they seem to
have become quite neglected, though they bear a really
elegant inflorescence, and are of varied and attractive colours.
As the flower spike is pendulous and produced from the base
of the pseudobulbs, the plants are best grown in baskets with
peat and moss ; indeed the spikes are extremely liable to injury
if grown in pots. The temperature of the cool end of the
Cattleya house suits them well ; they enjoy a liberal supply
of water during summer, both on the foliage and at the roots,
but a very little will sufiice in winter, though even then the
pseudobulbs should not be allowed to shrivel.
Gr. atropurpurea, Hook. — ^An old but pretty species, compact
in growth, with oblong-cylindrical ribbed pseudobulbs, bearing
at the top two large ovate-lanceolate light green leaves, and
from the base very long drooping racemes of numerous dark
purple-brown or chocolate-coloured purple- spotted flowers,
which are produced during the summer months. The flowers
are peculiar in form, the sepals lanceolate, the upper one
springing from the back of the column smaller than the other
two, which are spreading ; the petals are quite small, incurved,
fixed near the base of the upper sepal and some distance
above the lateral ones. The lip is nearly an inch long,
standing out at a right angle with the rest of the flower. At
the base is a cylindrical claw, above which are four horns, two
obtuse and two acuminate ; the apex is laterally compressed,
acuminated, forming a vertical plate, double at its upper edge,
and gibbous at its base. The column is very long, curved,
broadest upwards, semi-cylindrical, bearing on its back and
GONGOEA. 331
sides the upper sepal aud the two petals ; the pedicels are
purple . — Trinidad.
¥lG.—Bof. Mag., t. 3220; HooJc. Exot. Fl., t, 178; Maund, Bot., iii. t.
GONGORA ATROPURPURBA.
G. Mfonia, Lindley. — An interesting species resembling
G. maculata in its mode of growth, having both the pseudo-
bulbs and leaves of a pale whitish green. The flowers in this
species are of a dull pale wine-purple, very irregularly stained
and spotted on an obscure yellowish white ground, and bear a
pair of long setaceous bristles on the hypochil ; the pedicels
are purple. The variety major has larger flowers than those
of the type. — Brazil.
Fig.— Bot. Eeg., 1841, t. 2.
G-. maculata, Lindley. — This rather handsome plant grows
about eighteen inches high, and has ovate-obloug strongly-
ribbed pseudobulbs, dark green five-nerved broadly lanceolate
leaves, and long drooping racemes upwards of a foot in length,
and produced from the base of the bulbs, of elegant flowers,
which are of a clear yellow with bright reddish brown bars
332 okchid-grower's manual.
and spots, and very showy, the whole of the parts of the
flower being similarly spotted ; the sepals are lanceolate
acuminate, which gives the flowers a very light and pleasing
character ; the pedicels are of a pale purple ; it blooms in
May. — Demerara ; Surinam ; Peru ; Gtuitemala.
This plant appears to be very variable according to
Reichenbach, who places it under G. qumquenervis of Ruiz
and Pavon, and includes with it G.fulva, G.fidva vitellina,
G. bufonia leucochila, and G. leucockila.
FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 3687; Bot. Reg., t. 1616; Id., 1847, t. 17 (bufonia
leucochila) ; Id., 1839, t. 51 (fulva) ; Fl. des Serves, t. 37 (leucochila).
Syn. — G, quinquenervis.
&. maculata alba, Lindley. — A handsome and distinct form
of the preceding species, which it very much resembles, but
the pseudobulbs are more deeply ribbed ; the flowers, which
are pure white, with a few spots of rose on the lip, are pro-
duced about the month of May. — Guiana.
Gr. odoratissima, Lem. — This showy species has oval
deeply furrowed pseudobulbs, broadly lanceolate plicate
leaves, and lone; green peduncles bearing many-flowered
drooping racemes of large spreading and showy flowers of a
clear yellow colour richly and heavily blotched and mottled
with bright reddish brown, which is of a darker hue towards
the edges and poi its ; I'le pedicels are green. The upper sepal
and petals are adherent to the back and sides of the curved
column, while the Ud is continuous with its base, clawed, the
basal part (hypochil) arched and laterally compressed with a
pair of petaloid procesbes on the back truncate above, with
two angles bearing thread-like processes, while the upper part
(epichil) is acutely elongate ovate, the sides folded together
face to face, attenuated to a point. — Yeyiezuela.
FlG.—Fl. des Serves, t. 229 ; Gard. Mag. Bot., 1850, ii. 73 (Jenischii).
Syn. — G. Jenischii.
G. portentosa, Lind. et Hchb.f. — A compact-growing large-
flowered handsome species, with oblong-ovate furrowed
pseudobulbs three inches high, broadly lanceolate acute nervose
leaves, and long droopiog racemes of long-sta'ked yellow
flowers from the base of the pseudobulbs. The c'orsal sepal is
ligulate acute, the lateral ones oblong apiculate, all bufi" yellow,
spotted aintiy with purple ; the petals are fleshy, linear
falcate, white dotted with purple, and the lip is compressed,
deep yellow, the hypochil having two retrorse awns near the
GONGOEA. 333
base of the two dolabriform laminfe which fold up to form a
hollow, with a straight linear horn at the summit. The
flowers have the parts more or less dotted with minute
purplish or dull red spots ; the pedicels are greenish straw-
colour. — Xeiv Grenada.
FiQ.—Ilhist. Ilori , 3 ser. t. 61.
G. tricolor, Pichh. f. — One of the handsomest of the Gongoras,
having oblong-ovate thickly ribbed pseudobulbs, bold plicate
leaves, and fine stout drooping racemes of bright-coloured
flowers of comparatively large size. The dorsal sepal, affixed
half-way up the back of the column, is lanceolate, and as well
as the lateral ones, which are obliquely triangular, broad at
the base, narrowing upwards, deep bright yellow heavily spotted
and blotched with rich sienna brown ; the petals are small,
narrow, pale yellow, lightly spotted ; the lip is prettily
marked, the hypochil being white, oblong, convex, and two-
horned at the base, the front truncate, with acute angles ex-
tended into two long awns, white with one or two dark brown
spots, and the epichil acuminate, stained on the sides with
cinnamon (bright rose in the figure) ; the pedicels are purple.
- — Panama or Peru.
'ElG.—Bot. Reg.. 1847, t. 69.
Syn. — G. maculata tricolor.
G. truiLCata, Lindley. — A fine and very distinct species,
with light-coloured flowers of full average size. The habit of
the plant as regards the pseudobulbs, foHage, and inflo-
rescence resembles that of the other species. The chief
peculiarity is in the flowers, which are whitish or straw-
coloured, marked by a few brownish purple transverse
freckles, the lip being a clear varnished yellow. The dorsal
sepal is obovate carinate, the lateral ones roundish oblong and
so blunt-ended that the buds before expansion resemble a
bean in form ; the petals are small and the lip is curved, the
hypochil compressed in the middle and bearing a pair of awns
in front, while the epichil, or anterior portion, is ovate and
channelled, and when turned up is suggestive of the form of
the front part of a gondola ; the pedicels are mottled purple. —
Mexico.
YlG.—Bot. Reg., 1845, t. 56 ; Ann. de Gand, 1848, t. 205.
334 orchid-grower's manual.
GOODYEEA, Robert Brown.
( T7-ibe Neottieas, subtribe Spiranthese.)
An interesting genus of dwarf-growing plants, with compact
fleshy stems, and much of the general character and aspect of
Ancectochilus, which they also resemble in the dark velvety
green leaves which many of them possess, and which in some
cases are marked by silver or golden lines. The flowers have
the dorsal sepal and petals connivently galeate, and the sessile
lip has the small lamina undivided. The plants have thick
fleshy roots, and push from underground stems, forming neat
dwarf tufted plants. The flower spikes, which issue from the
centre of the foliage, attain a height of from six to ten inches,
some of the kinds bearing delicate white flowers, which are
very useful for bouquets, as well as for other purposes. The
genus contains many species, which are widely distributed,
occurring in Europe, Madeira, North America, Temperate and
Tropical Asia, New Caledonia, and the Mascaren Islands.
Culture. — Some of the Goodyeras are of easy culture, while
others are difficult to manage, but with care they may all be
had in perfection, and when this is attained, they amply repay
the trouble bestowed upon them. If grown in small pots,
and intermixed with diff'erent forms of AncectocMlus, they
have a fine appearance, the foliage of the Goodyeras forming
a beautiful contrast with them ; they do not, however, require
the same attention, but, on the contrary, will do in any close
house where there is a little warmth. The soil we use is peat
and sand, with a little loam, and we give a liberal supply of
water to the roots during the growing season. They are pro-
pagated by cutting up the plants so as to have a portion of
root attached to each piece of the stem. They may be grown
335
where there is no Orchid house, as a mixed stove suits them
perfectly. For further particulars see Ancectochilus.
G. Dominii, Hort. — A beautiful hybrid, raised in Messrs.
Veitch's nursery, and as regards foliage one of the best forms
we have seen. The leaves are larger than those of Hcemaria
discolor, having a dark bronzy velvet-like appearance, with
several prominent lines running their whole length, of a
lightish colour — nearly white, and interspersed with smaller
veins. It is a useful addition to this class of plants, as it
forms a good contrast with Ancectochilus. — Garden hybrid.
Gr. macrantlia, Maximowicz. — A very neat and pretty
dwarf- growing terrestrial Orchid, and a valuable acquisition
to the cool house. The leaves are dark velvety green with
a pale green central band, and beautifully netted over the
surface with a lighter shade of the same colour, the under
surface being pale green. The flowers grow in short terminal
spikes of two or three together, and are about an inch long,
of a pretty rosy pink colour, the petals and lip white. It
belongs to the section Georchis, which has a cylindraceous
tubulose perianth, with all the parts — sepals, petals, and lip
— linear, the upper one united with the petals. — Japan.
G-. macrantlia luteo-m-arginata, Maxim., is a very choice
variety, in which the leaves have, besides the elegant reticu-
lation, a distinct and effective marginal band of creamy
yellow. — Japan.
'Fig.— Flore des Serves, tt. 1779, 1780 ; Gartenflora, t. 533, fig. 2 ; Florist
and Pom., 1867, 227, with fig. ; Card. Chron., 1867, 1022, with fig,
Gr. picta, Hort. — A distinct species, growing about three
inches high. The leaves are an inch and a half long, light
pea-green, with a paler band running through the entire leaf.
We have not seen it in flower, but it is worth growing on
account of its foliage. A rare plant, whose roots are not so
thick as those of some other kinds, and which therefore
requires more care in its cultivation. — Native Coimtry not
known.
G-. pubescens, E. Br. — A charming dwarf evergreen species,
with a tuft of ovate dark green leaves marked with a silvery
white costa, and closely reticulated with paler veins, so that
in appearance it is something like Physurus argenteus. The
flower scape rises from the centre of the leaf tuft, about
336 orchid-geower's manual.
eight or ten inclies, and on its upper half is thickly famished
with small white flowers, which, though not showy, are
pleasing. It is, however, well worth growing for its beautiful
foliage. The plant requires a cool house or pit to grow it in
perfection ; it is not difficult to manage, but requires great
care, as it is often destroyed by being placed in too great
heat. It should be grown in pots, not too large, giving a
liberal supply of water during the growing season ; in fact,
it should never be allow.ed to get dry at the roots. — No)-th
America.
YlG.— Flore des Serves, t. 1555 ; Lindl. Coll. Bot., t. 25 ; Siveet, Brit. Fl.
Gard., 2 ser., i. t. 47 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1.
Gr. Eollissoni, Hort. — A most distinct and beautiful species.
The leaves are rich dark green, margined, striped, and blotched
with pale yellow on the upper side, whilst below they are of
a rich velvety purple. A most desirable plant, and one that
should be in every collection. — Native Country not known.
G. rubrovenia, Hon. — A charming and distinct species,
having the habit of Htemaria discolor. It grows several
inches high, and has bronzy velvet-like foliage, with three
bands of coppery red down each leaf; it has thick fleshy
roots, and is of easy culture under bell-glasses or in frames.
We have grown it along with Ancectochili for several years
on account of its foliage, but it will do in a pot with the same
treatment as is usually given to the Hcemaria. — Brazil.
G. tessellata, Lodd. — A neat and pretty plant with the aspect
of G. puhescens, but of smaller growth, whence it has been
called G. 2^ul>esce7is minor. It is a dwarf evergreen species,
with ovate leaves tapered into a stalk, the green surface
beautifully marked with pale green or whitish reticulations.
The flowers are white, produced in slender erect spikes.
It should be treated like G. puhesce^is. — North America.
G. YeitcMi, Hort. — A hybrid of vigorous habit, raised by
the Messrs. Veitch between G. discolor and Ancectochilus
Veitchii ; the leaves are of a rich deep reddish brown colour,
marked with a few silver ribs. — Garden hybrid.
6. velutina, Maxim. — A handsome and striking dwarf ever-
green species, with ornamental foHage, and well adapted for
the cool house. It has deep purplish bottle-green velvety
ovate leaves, marked with a very distinct central bar of silvery
GOVENIA. 337
■white, and purple on the under side. The flowers are
small, in ten-flowered spikes, and of a cheerful rosy pink
colour. It is of robust though dwarf and compact in habit,
and of free and easy growth. — Japan.
Fig.— Flore des Serres, t. 1779 ; Gartenflora, t. 633, fig. 1.
GOVENIA, LincUeij.
( Tribe Vandese, suhtribe Cyrtopodieffi.)
A small genus of terrestrial Orchids, some few of which
are of sufficient interest and beauty to be worthy of a place in
collections of these plants. They are herbs, with tuberiform
rhizomes, from which grow up the erect stems, bearing a few
leaves, and crowned by a raceme of numerous flowers of
medium size, which are singular in form and prettily marked ;
the sepals are connivent, the lateral ones falcate or decurved,
and with the foot of the winged column forming a short
mentum or chin ; and the lip, which is articulated with the
foot of the column, is undivided. About a dozen species are
known, natives of Mexico, Brazil, and the West Indies.
Culture. — These plants should be grown in the cool house,
in a mixture of loam and leaf-mould with a little sand added.
After their growth is finished give them a good season of rest,
and keep dry till they begin to grow.
Gr. deliciosa, Bchh.f. — A rather pretty species, quite distinct
in character from any other Orchid. It has a tuberous root-
stock, from which proceeds an erect stem some foot and a- half
in height, furnished with two lanceolate acuminate nervose
leaves about nine inches long, the bases of which are enclosed
with that of the stem in a pair of basal bracts ; at the top of
the stem is a raceme of six or eight bracteated flowers, whose
pedicels are dull red, the flowers themselves being white, with
oblong-lanceolate sepals and petals, and an elliptic apiculate
Hp, which is yellow at the base, the front half white covered
with round purple dots. — JSlexico.
838 ouchid-geowek's manual.
GrEAMMATOPHrLLUM, Bliwie.
{Tribe Vandeas, subtribe CjmbidieEe.)
A small genus of somewhat large-growing plants, well
worth a place in collections where there is accommodation for
them. G. speciosum makes a magnificent specimen, having a
noble appearance, but it requires considerable space to grow it
to perfection. They are all stout-growing epiphytes with
elongate or pseudobulbous stems, distichous venose leaves,
and long simple scapes from the base of the stems, bearing
loose racemes of many showy flowers. Bentham adopts
Eeichenbach's view in separating G. EUisii under the name
of Grammangis, distinguished among other points by its
petals and lip being much smaller than the sepals, and by its
two-winged column. There are some half-dozen species found
in Malacca and the Malay Archipelago and in Madagascar.
Culture. — The plants must be well grown, and after they
have made a few strong growths, should have a decided
season of rest. They require to be grown in peat, in a pot of
ample size, and with good drainage ; a liberal supply of water
at the roots must also be given to them during the growing
season. The East Indian house is the proper place in which
to keep them throughout the year. They are propagated by
parting the bulbs.
(j. EUisii, Lindley. — A charming and most attractive
deciduous species, introduced by the late Eev. W. Ellis, of
Hoddesdon, in compliment to whom it is named. It is a
plant of smaller growth than G. speciosum, and more free-
flowering, producing its flower scapes from the base of the
pseudobulbs along with the young growths. These pseudo-
bulbs are clavato-fusiform, quadrangular, a foot or more in
length, and bear several distichous broadly lorate arching
leaves, one and a half to two feet long ; the flowers form a
recurved raceme, and are tawny yellow, closely marked by
339
transverse lines of reddish brown on the lower part, and
having a blotch of the same near the acuminate inflexed tip,
which is dull j^ellow, the dorsal sepal fornicate, and the two
lateral ones saccato-gibbose at the base ; the petals and lip
are smaller, the latter white streaked with reddish purple. The
flowers, which are large and numerous (thirty to forty), have a
peculiar varnished appearance. It blooms in July and August,
and remains some time in beauty. This plant may be made
to succeed in a basket or on a block suspended from the roof,
provided it has a plentiful supply of water. — Madagascar.
FlG.—Bot. Mat]., t. 5179; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orel. PI, t. 176; Fl. des
Serres, tt. 1488—89 ; Orchid Album, iv. t. Ii7.
S YN. —Gramviangis FAlisii.
Gr. speciosum, Blume. — A magnificent Orchid with the
habit of a Cyrtopodium, and of which it has been remarked,
that it richly merits the title of the Queen of the Orchid-
aceous Plants. It has erect clustered terete compressed
stems, five to ten feet high, having a few large appressed
scales below, and clothed in the upper part with distichous
sheathing lorate leaves a foot and a half to two feet long, and
dilated at the base. The scape issues from the base of the
stem, is as thick as one's finger, and grows five to six feet
high. The flowers measure nearly six inches across, and
are of a deep yellow thickly spotted with reddish brown, the
sepal and petals being broadly oblong and blunt-ended, the
small three-lobed lip yellow streaked with brownish red, the
disk sulcate with three raised plates, and the red lines of the
front lobe bristling with short hairs. It blooms during
winter, and will last a long time in perfection if the flowers
are kept dry. — Java; Larnpong; Malacca; Singapore; Cochin
China.
'FiG.—Bof. Mag., t. olf.T ; Fl. des Serres, t. 1386 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch.
PL, t. 181 ; Paxt. FL Card., ii. t. 69 ; Lem. Jard. FL, t. 235 ; Blume, BIjdr.,
377, tabell. 20; Id., Paimph., iv. t. 191 ; Gard. Ckron., N.S., x. 180, with fig.
H^IMARIA, Lindley.
{Ti-ibe Neottiese, subtribe Spiranthete.)
A neat and pretty dwarf-growing stove plant related to
Goodyera, to which it was formerly referred. It difi'ers,
however, amongst other points, in having divergent instead
p 2
340
ORCHID -GKOWERS MANUAL.
of connivent lateral sepals, and a clawed instead of sessile
lip, the limb of which is bilobed. It has the general habit of
the Ancectochiloid group, and produces its erect spikes of
white flowers very freely. There are some three or four
species, which are natives of China, Cochin China, and the
Malayan Archipelago.
Culture. — A useful stove plant when grown in five or six-inch
pots, several plants being put into a pot so as to make up a good
specimen. We grow many of them in this way for blooming
during the winter months, placing about six plants in a pot.
They should be grown vigorously so as to ensure an abun-
dance of bloom. In other respects the treatment noted for
Goodyera will suit them. Even without any flowers, the
plants themselves are by no means unattractive. See also
under AncectocJiilus.
H. discolor, Lindley. — A very handsome and free-blooming
dwarf Orchid of the variegated foliage group. It grows
about ten inches high, and has deep purple fleshy stems,
clothed with ovate leaves of a beautiful dark velvety green,
purplish red beneath, and having a white bar in the centre
through their entire length. The flowers are white, with a
little yellow in the centre, and are produced in winter, lasting
a long time in perfection. — Hong Kong.
'ElG.—Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 143 ; Bot, Reg., t. 271 ; Bot. Mag., t. 2055.
Syn. — Goodyera discolor.
H. discolor DaVSOniana, Bchb. f. — A very ornamental-
leaved variety, which was at first distributed as an Ancecto-
chiliis. The leaves are large, ovate, stalked, blackish bronzy
green on the upper side, and very glossy, with about seven
bold lines of a beautiful golden coppery hue traversing them
from base to apex, and connected by smaller reticulations of
the same colour ; the under side is of a uniform dull purple.
The flowers, which are white, are freely produced, and
become useful for bouquet-making. — Malay Islands.
YlG.—Fl. des Serres, t. 1830.
Syn. — Anecochilus Dawsonianus; Anosctochilus Dawsonianus; Goodyera
Daivsoniana.
HELCIA. 841
H. discolor Ordiana, WUUmns. — A very desirable plant,
which in habit, and in the shape of the leaf, closely resembles
H. discolor Dawsoniana, but the colour is a vivid green,
instead of a deep brown, the leaves being lined out with
golden veins. — Malay Islands.
Syn. — Goody era Ordiana.
Helcia, Lindley.
{Tribe Vandeae, subtribe OncidieEe.)
A pretty dwarf-growing Orchid, the sole representative of
a genus, which some of our great authorities merge in
Triclwinlia. It is a pseudobulbous epiphyte, with solitary
coriaceous leaves, and peduncles springing from the base of
the bulbs. It differs from Trichopilia amongst other things
in its column standing erect and clear of the lip, instead of
being rolled up in the latter ; it has, moreover, a deep fringed
border to the anther-bed, and the lip is contracted near the
middle, and below that furnished with a pair of thick fleshy
erect lobes, hollowed out in the middle, standing up on each
side of the column without touching it. It is from Tropical
America.
Culture. — This is a small compact-growing evergreen plant,
and succeeds well in the cool house. It is best grown in a
pot with peat, moss, and good drainage, keeping it moist in
the growing season.
H. sanguinoleilta, Lindley. — A very pretty dwarf tufted
plant, with somewhat the habit of Trichopilia. It has ovate
elongate pseudobulbs, undulated leathery petiolate leaves four
to six inches long, and numerous radical decurved scapes,
each bearing a rather showy flower two and a half inches
across ; the sepals and petals are narrow oblong, yellowish
olive-colour marked with transverse bands of brownish
crimson, or, according to the figure in Illustration Horticole,
with beautiful ocellate markings of the same colour ; the lip
342 OKCHID- grower's manual.
is broad obovate emarginate, recurved, white flabellately
veined, the veins in the basal half marked out by broken lines
of crimson. — Andes of Guayaquil; Ecuador.
YiG.—lllust, Eort., 3 ser., t. 31 ; Paxt. Fl. Garcl, ii, 97, fig. 182.
HOULLETIA, Bronrjniart.
{Tribe Vandese, suhirihe Stanhopiefe.)
A small group of epiphytes, with large loosely racemose
flowers, well worth cultivating on account of their distinctness,
though they have been somewhat neglected by orchidologists.
They have free spreading subequal sepals, and a narrow
fleshy lip continuous with the column, the base hollowed or
two-lipped, and the lateral lobes produced behind into
retrorse curved horn-like processes, the broadish middle lobe
articulated and undivided, often truncate or biauriculate at
the base. They have one-leaved pseudobulbs, broad long-
stalked plicately-venose leaves, and erect scapes rising from
the base of the pseudobulbs. There are five species known,
natives of Brazil and Columbia.
Culture. — The HouUetias grow best in pots, in peat with
good drainage, and like a liberal supply of water during the
growing season ; they do well in the cool Odontoglossum
house. Propagation is effected by separating the pseudobulbs
just before they begin to grow.
H. Brocklelmrstiaiia, Lindley. — A handsome, showy, and
distinct species, which grows two feet or more high, and has
conical furrowed pseudobulbs, and broadly lanceolate pale
green leaves on long petioles. The flower scapes are stout,
produced from the base of the bulbs, and are erect, ten to
twelve-flowered, the individual flowers very fragrant, half-
nodding, and measuring three and a half inches or more in
diameter ; the sepals are oblong, concave, and together with
the spathulate petals are of a rich sienna -brown, spotted
thickly with dark purple-brown, and the lip is yellow, more
finely and thickly spotted with dark purple-brown, its side
HOULLETIA. 348
lobes linear-lanceolate reflexed, and the middle lobe (epichil)
ovately triangular, somewhat hastate, the lateral lobes being
acuminate. The flowers as figured in I'axton's Magazine are
of a much darker brown, and the lip whitish striped and
spotted with purple. — Brazil.
FlG.—LincU. Sert. Orck., t. 43 ; Bot. Mag., t 4072 ; Pescatorea, t. 36 ;
Paxton, Mag. Bot., ix. 49, with tab. ; Gartevjiura, t. 229.
Syn. — Maxillaria Brockltkuristiana.
H. clirysailtlia, Linden ct Andre. — A very beautiful species,
quite distinct from any other. The pseudobulhs are elongate
ovate, furrowed, bearing a tall ovate-lanceolate ribbed leaf on
a longish petiole. The scape is erect, short, robust, of a
deep red colour, bearing six or eight concave flowers, which
are about two inches across, the sepals and petals similar,
broadly obovate-obtuse cucullate, yellow and unspotted exter-
nally, golden yellow inside, profusely blotched with chocolate-
purple, the lip rich yellow, approaching to orange, freckled
with crimson. — New Grenada.
YJG.—Uhist. Eort., 3 ser., t. 71.
H. odoratissima, Linden. — A very handsome species, of
smaller stature than H. Brocklehnrstiana. It has ovate ribbed
pseudobulhs, from which spring the solitary long-petioled
broadly lanceolate light green plaited leaves, the scape rising
from the base of the bulbs to the height of about a foot and a
half, and bearing nodding flowers three inches across, the
sepals and petals oblong acute, pale dull purplish red, closely
and faintly marked by darker lines, and the lip white, with its
blunt subsagittate epichil stained with yellow, the horns of
the hypochil being of a dull red. The name is applied in allu-
sion to the exquisite and powerful odour of violets given off"
by the flowers. — Cvlumhia.
Fig.— Pescatorea, t. 3.
H. odoratissima antioquiensis, Linden. — A very fine variety
of the preceding, with dark green pseudobulbs and leaves, and
an erect scape bearing many flowers ; the sepals are much
broader than the petals, and like them deep blood red, while
the curious lip, which is very long and somewhat sagittate,
is white, faintly tinged with pale yellow. It succeeds in a
moderately cool temperature. — Columbia.
H. picta, Linden et Rchb. f. — A handsome and distinct
plant, well worthy a place even in select collections. It has
344 OECHiD- grower's manual.
tufted narrow ovoid furrowed pseudobulbs, from each of which
one elliptic-lanceolate plaited leaf with a long slender petiole
grows up. The erect robust scape is radical, and including
the raceme, from eighteen to twenty inches high, six to ten-
flowered, each flower being three and a half inches across ;
the sepals oblong bluntish, deep cinnamon, unspotted in the
upper half, and closely tessellated with yellow in the lower
half ; the petals are smaller and more narrowed towards the
base, but of a similar colour ; the lip has a subquadrate or
subtrapeziform hypochil with two long ascending spurs,
yellow spotted with crimson-purple, the epichil broadly has-
tate, with two short recurved horns, and the deeply channelled
apex recurved, pale yellow, marked closely with short trans-
verse red-purple bars. — New Grenada, elevation 4,000 to
6,000 feet.
leiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6305.
H. tigrina, Linden. — A showy and exceedingly pretty
species. The pseudobulbs are about two inches long, some-
what ovate, supporting long-stalked dark green erect plaited
leaves, which are blunt at the end. The scape is about as
thick as a swan's quill, greenish red, decurved, bearing hand-
some flowers, which are four inches in diameter, firm in
texture, with oblong concave straw-coloured sepals richly
mottled with deep rose, very acute three-lobed petals of a
brilliant yellow barred with crimson, and a lip which is
yellowish at the point, otherwise white speckled over with
crimson. — New Grenada.
Syn. — Paphinia tigrina,
Huntleya Meleagris. — See Batemannia Meleagris.
Huntleya marginata. — See Warscewiczella marginata.
Huntleya Tiolacea. — See Bollea violaoea.
lONOPSIS, Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth.
{Tribe Yandese, subtribe Oncidiese.)
A genus of limited extent, of epiphytical habit, the short
slender stems bearing thick narrow distichous sheathing leaves,
and long slender rigid peduncles which proceed from the top
or upper parts of the stem, and bear either simple racemes or
iPSEA. 345
panicles of flowers ; these have a broad lip, which is prominent
owing to the length of its claw. They are of Tropical American
or West Indian origin. We specially recommend the species
named below.
Culture. — These plants succeed best on a block, with a little
live sphagnum moss round the roots, which require to be kept
moist nearly all the year round. We have found them do
well in the coolest house, suspended near the glass, where
they continue in bloom for several weeks at a time. They are
difficult plants to grow, for we seldom see them continuing to
do well — indeed we often find them flowering themselves to
death.
I. paniculata, Lindley. — A charming small free-flowering
Orchid that ought to be in every collection. The leaves are
six inches high, and proceed from very slender stems which
scarcely form pseudobulbs. The flower scapes, which are a
foot and a half high and branching, proceed from the axils of
the leaves, the blossoms, produced twice a year, being of a
pretty blush white, the broad roundish bilobed lip having a
lovely purple spot on its base ; they vary, however, in colour,
some being almost pure white, some pencilled with rose, and
some white and yellow. According to Descourtilz, the scent-
less flowers remain fresh in their native forests from September
or October till the following May. — Brazil.
YlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6541.
IpSEA, Lindley.
{Tribe EpidendreEe, subtribe Erieae.)
This small group of two species only is sometimes referred to
Pachystoma. The Ipseas are terrestrial plants, with tuberous
rhizomes, leafless scapes, and narrow lanceolate plaited leaves.
The lateral sepals are oblique at the base, connate with the
foot of the column, and saccate ; the lip is three-lobed,
the lateral lobes large erect, and the middle one oblong obtuse
p 3
346
ORCHTD-GROWEB S MANUAL.
with the disk obtusely keeled. They come from Ceylon and
India.
Culture. — The same as that recommended for Bletia.
I. spsciosa, Lindley. — This is a beautiful terrestrial finely
pubescent Orchid, with somewhat the habit of a Bletia. The
rhizomes are tuberous, terrestrial, fleshy, as large or larger
IPSEA SPECIOSA.
than a nut, fascicled, subglobose with conical tops, from
whence grow the slender lanceolate ribbed leaves six or eight
inches long; from their base arise the leafless erect scapes, each
furnished with several large flowers of a uniform rich orange
yellow, marked by several parallel lines of reddish orange on
the disk, which lines indicate the position of several bluntly
keeled crests which are there developed. — Ceylon.
K(ELLEHSTEINIA, Reichenhach fil.
{Tribe Vandese, suhtribe Cyrtopodiese.)
A small genus of Vandeous Orchids belonging to the group
CyrtopodiecB, included by Bentham in the genus Aganisia.
L.ELIA. 347
They are small-flowered Tropical American plants, of little
interest to growers of the choicer kinds of Orchids.
Culture. — The same as that recommende;! for Ar/anisia.
K. ionoptera, Linden et Fichh. f. — A rather nice plant,
with leafy stems, cuneate oblong leaves, and a basal peduncle
more than a foot long, bearing at top a raceme of flowers ;
these flowers, not very much larger than those of the Lily
of the Vallej', are white, with violet tips and streaks on the
sepals, violet petals and numerous transverse violet-purple
bars on the lip. — Peru.
Ljilia, Lin die I/.
{Tribe Epidendreje, suhiribe LEelieffi.)
This is a very lovely genus of epiphytal Orchids, most
of the species being compact in their growth, with evergreen
leathery or fleshy leaves, resembling in some respects those
of the genus Catdeija, to which many of them are equal in
the beauty of their flowers, which are large, distinct in
colour, and very handsome, produced on spikes of varied
length from the top of their one or two-leaved pseudobulbs.
They are nearly allied to Cattleya, and, in fact, cross readily
with the species of that genus. The genus is, however,
retained by Bentham and Hooker, who distinguish it by the
presence of eight pollinia in two series, the series being slightly^
unequal, while in Cattleija there are only four pollen masses
forming a single series. Reichenbach includes the whole
group in Bletia along with the Cattleyas. These plants
merit a place in every collection, and will amply repay the
cultivator for any care they may require ; indeed, Lalia com-
prises species which are among our finest Orchids whether
for winter or summer blooming.
Culture. — Some of the species are best grown on blocks of
348 ORCHID- GEOWEK's 5IANUAL.
wood with moss ; others thrive well in baskets and pots with
peat and good drainage. The large-gi'owing kinds are best
grown in pots, and require the same treatment as Cattleyas.
Those on blocks require more water, and are best grown in
the Cattleya house, though some, such as L. autumnalis, L.
albida, and L. majalis, do not require so much heat to grow
them to perfection. They are propagated in the same way as
Cattleya.
L. acuminata, Lindley. — A pretty delicate-flowered, com-
pact-growing species, nearly allied to L. ruhescens, with ovate
compressed rugose pseudobulbs, solitary oblong emarginate
leaves, and corymbs of about four graceful fragrant flowers
two inches across, on slender scapes about a foot high ; the
sepals and petals are white, the latter broader and wavy, and
the lip oblong, with short rounded basal lobes, white, with a
blotch of deep purple in the throat. It blooms in December
and Januar}^ and lasts two or three weeks in beauty. Its
native name is Flor de Jesu. — Guatemala.
YlG.—Bot. Reg., 1841, t. 24 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4905 ; Flore des Sevres, t. 9.
L. acuminata rosea, Hort. — A very pretty variety with
pale rose-coloured flowers, which has been imported for L.
pedimcularis, but is quite distinct. — Guatemala.
Fig.—? Paxton, Mag. Bot,, x. 49, with tab.
L. albida, Bateman. — A lovely compact-growing species,
with oval sulcate pseudobulbs, each bearing a pair of narrow
anceolate acute leaves, and a terminal erect five to eight-
flowered raceme of blossoms as sweet as primroses, the odour
resembling that of the leaves of the Chinese primrose. The
flowers have the sepals and petals white, the lip pale pink or
deep rose pink, with three yellow lamellae or crests down the
centre. It blossoms in December and January, lasting a good
time in beauty. There are several varieties of this plant.
This plant is best grown on a block in the cool house. —
Mexico : Oaxaca.
'ElG.—Bot. Reg., 1839, t. 54 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3957 ; Orchid Album, iii, t.
138 ; Floral Mag., t. 335 (rosea).
L. alMda Ijella, Hort. — A very fine and striking variety,
in which the flowers are much larger and the spikes stronger
L^LIA. 3i9
than those of the type. The sepals and petals are creamy
white, tipped with rosy lilac, and the lip is yellow, with a
hroad band of magenta around the middle lobe, and an orange-
yellow throat. It flowers in December and January. —
Mexico.
L. alMda Marianse, Warner. — A charmingly pretty variety
of compact habit, with pale green foliage and flowers, in which
the sepals and petals are flesh colour, changing to salmon, and
the lip is mauve, with bufi"-coloured stripes. A desirable
plant, blossoming during winter, and as it continues in bloom
four or five weeks, it is a valuable addition to a collection
when flowers are generally scarce. — Mexico.
L. albida SUlphurea, lichb. f. — A distinct variety, having
large flowers, of which the sepals and petals are sulphur-
coloured, and the lip mauve on each side of the anterior lobe,
the crests orange. — Mexico.
L. amanda, Echb. f. — A very distinct and handsome plant,
which, it has been suggested, may be a natural hybrid. It has
thin fusiform stems, six to eight inches in height, of a light
green colour, and bearing two cuneate-ligulate coriaceous
leaves, six to nine inches long, said to be tinted with red
underneath when young. The flowers are five to six inches
across, and are produced on two-flowered peduncles ; the sepals
and petals light rose or flesh-colour, the lip deeper rose, having
a rich purple venation. At first sight the flowers resemble
those of Cattleija maxvna, and we should think this plant
may possibly have been one of its parents. It flowers in
October, and lasts for six weeks in beauty. — Brazil.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 135.
Syn. — Catthya Rothschildiana.
L, anceps, Limlley. — A remarkably handsome species, and
one of the most useful winter-flowering Orchids we have. It
has oblong compressed somewhat quadrangular pseudobulbs
four or five inches long, oblong lanceolate leaves, generally
in pairs but sometimes solitary, and long two-edged scapes
from the apex of the pseudobulbs bearing two to five large
showy flowers three or four inches across, which will last for
a month in perfection if kept in a cool dry house ; the sepals
and petals are rose-lilac, the lip a beaatiful deep purple, with
the broad side lobes yellow marked with deep red lines ; the
350
ORCHID-GKOWER S MANUAL.
disk has a crest of three yellow ridges. It blooms in Decem-
ber and January. It should be grown in the Mexican house,
as it delights in an abundance of light and air ; a copious
L^LIA ANC'El^S.
supply of water should be given to it in the growing season. —
Mexico.
YlG.—Bot. Reg., t. 1751 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3804 ; Orchid Album, ii. t. 75 ;
Paxton, Mag. Bot., iv. 73, with tab. ; Garienflora, t. 140 (supeiba).
L. aiLCeps alba, Bchb. f. — A remarkably chaste and beautiful
variety, in which the sepals and petals are broad and pure
white as in L. miceps Dawsoni, and the lip also is pure white,
with a pale yellow disk. It blossoms in December and
January. — Mexico.
L. anceps Barkeriana, Lindley. — This is the deepest-
coloured variety of L. anceps. The sepals and petals are of
L^LIA. 351
a purplish tint of rose colour, and the lip, which is shorter
and narrower than in the type, is of an intense magenta-
purple with a yellow disk. This variety has long been in
cultivation, but is nevertheless rare. — Mexico.
Tig.— Bot. Reg., t. 1947; Flore des Sei-res, t. 1100; Knowles ^ Westc.
Floral Cab., t. 30.
L. anceps Dawsoni, Anderson. — This beautiful variety is a
great acquisition amongst our winter-flowering Orchids. It
flowered for the first time in this country in the autumn of
1867 with the late T. Dawson, Esq., at Meadow Bank, then
the great emporium for Orchid gems and novelties, and again
in January, 18G8, in the collection of E. Wright, Esq.,
Gravelly Hill, Birmingham, by whose gardener, Mr, Hodges,
it was exhibited at South Kensington. The special dis-
tinguishing character of the plant resides in the colour of its
flowers, which are produced two or three together on stems
two feet long or more, and in the breadth of its petals. The
sepals and petals are pure white, and the exterior of the
lateral lobes of the lip is white, while the interior is clothed
with purple lines radiating from the base, the yellow crest
under the column, common to the species, being prominent ;
the front or expanded portion of the lip is undulating and
recurved, white towards the lateral lobes, and deep rosy
purple near the extremity, the whole being broadly margined
with white. — Mexico : Juquila.
'ElQ.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, ii. t. 34; Orchid Album, i. t. 44 ; Floral
Mag., t. 530 ; Jennings, Orch,, t. 6.
L, anceps delicata, Bort. — A distinct and handsome form,
with scapes bearing from four to six flowers each. The
sepals and petals are white, stained with rosy purple ; the
lip white, suffused with reddish purple and shaded with
violet, the throat being orange-yellow. This variety is
deserving the attention of all cultivators of these plants, on
account of the numerous flowers borne on each raceme. —
Mexico.
L. anceps grandiflora, Williams. — This variety has very
large highly-coloured flowers of fine form and substance. The
growth of the plant is altogether stronger than in the ordinary
L. anceps, and the flowers are about half as large again, and
better coloured. — Mexico.
OO'Z ORCHID-OEOWER S MANUAL.
L. anceps Hilliana, Rchb. f. — A very delicate and beautiful
form, having white sepals and petals, a yellowish lip, the
front parts of the three lobes being of a soft blush pink ; the
disk deep orange, sometimes having dark purple-crimson
markings in the throat. The lip instead of being acute is
bilobed or emarginate. This is named in honour of C. J.
Hill, Esq., of Nottingham, an enthusiastic collector of this
class of plants. — Mexico.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iv. t. 146.
L. anceps Percivalliaiia, Rchb. f. — A very distinct and
pretty variety named in honour of R. P. Percival, Esq.,
Southport. Its leaves are somewhat narrower than in the
type, and very pointed, and the flowers are freely produced.
The sepals and petals are blush pink as in the ordinary
forms, but the lip, which is truncate, not acute, has the
lateral angles of the warmest mauve-purple, while the
anterior portion is of a bright purple-magenta only at the
extreme anterior third, the posterior two-thirds being white ;
the disk is light orange, with the tips of the three crests
sulphur-yellow, and there are some strong dark purple lines
over the nerves of the disk. — Mexico.
L. anceps rosea, Rchb. f. — A very pleasing and distinct
variety, in which the flowers have pale rose-coloured sepals
and petals, and the lip is large, and of a bright rosy magenta
colour ; the throat is pale yellow, and the dark line usually
seen in the species is entirely wanting. — Mexico.
L. anceps VeitcMana, Rchb. f. — We saw this distinct
plant well flowered in the collection of Baron Schroder, The
Dell, Staines, in January, 1884. The sepals and petals are
white, suffused with lilac, the petals being about an inch
across in the centre ; the lip is white, its front part and the
angles of the side lobes violet-purple, after the style of L. a.
PercivalUana; the crests of the disk are yellow, and the throat
striped with brownish purple. It blooms in January and
February. — Mexico .
L. anceps vestalis, Rchb. f. — A very lovely white-flowered
variety, distinct both from Dawsoni and alba. The flowers
are large ; the sepals, broad petals, and lip pure white, with
a pale yellow disk, and a few purple lines in the throat. This
variety was first flowered by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., in
January, 1880, and is one of those which have the roiddle
lobe of the Up emarginate. — Mexico.
L. anceps "Williamsiana, Sander. — A new and chaste variety
of this favourite winter-flowering Orchid, in which the sepals
and petals are pure white, of good form and substance, and
the lip white, having a yellow disk and a yellow throat dis-
tinctly striped with deep crimson-purple. It blossoms during
the winter months. A plant of this variety recently realised
90 guineas at an auction sale. — Mexico.
¥ia.— Orchid Album, iv. t. 190.
L. autuiniLalis, Lindley. — A lovely and showy Orchid
with ovate terete ribbed pseudobulbs, bearing two or three
oblong-linear spreading leaves, and from the apex flower
scapes twelve inches high or more, often bearing as many as nine
flowers on a single spike. The flowers are four inches across
and fragrant, the perfume being powerful ; the lanceolate sepals
and the oblong-lanceolate undulated petals of a beautiful
rosy purple colour, the lip with large roundish erect white
side lobes, and an oblong lanceolate rose-coloured front lobe
reflexed at the tip, the disk spotted and streaked with purple,
and bearing two yellow lamellfe or crests. It blooms at the same
time as L. anceps, lasting about a fortnight in good condition.
There are several varieties of this plant, some of them much
richer in colour than others. This should be grown in the
Mexican house either in a pot or on a block. — Mexico.
YiG.—Bot. Reg., 1839, t. 27 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3817 ; Paxton, Mag. BoL, vi.
121, with tab. ; Bateman, Orch, Mex. et Guat., t. 9 : Lemaire, Rev. Ilort.,
t. 17.
L. autunilialis Si.tTOT'ahen.B, Backhouse. — A most magnificent
form of L. autumnalis, in which the bulbs are much larger
and the flower spikes much stronger than those of the type,
besides which its blossoms are far deeper and richer in colour.
The flowers are upwards of four inches across, and from six
to nine are borne on one scape ; the sepals and petals of a
brilliant purple-crimson colour ; the middle or front lobe of
the lip dark purple-crimson, while the lateral lobes which
enclose the deep crimson column are pure white. This
striking contrast of white against purple gives to the flower
an altogether unique and charming appearance ; it flowers in
354 orchid-geower's manual.
November and December, and lasts about three weeks in per-
fection.— Mexico.
'Fig.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 49.
L. bella, Rchb.f. — A very fine hybrid, the result of a cross
between L. purpurata and Cattleya Inbiata. It was raised in
Messrs. Veitch's nursery, and was first flowered by Baron
Schroder, The Dell, Staines. In its habit of growth it
partakes most of the character of the last-named parent. The
flowers are large, the sepals and broader petals light lilac, and
the lip with a broad anterior wavy lobe of warm purple, and
light purple disk. The column is white, tinged with purple at
the sides ; and at the mouth of the tubular portion of the lip
are two oblong zones of yellowish white, and in front of them
two spots of the same colour, as in C. Warscewiczii. It flowers
in January and February. — Garden hybrid,
L. BootMana. — See Cattleya lobata.
L. Brysiana. — See Ljelia purpurata Brysiana,
L. cinna'barilia, Bateman.—k charming and distinct species,
very compact in growth. The pseudobulbs are stem-like
elongated subcylindrical, but broadest at the base, clothed
with sheathing scales, and bearing one or two linear-oblong
acute leathery leaves. The scape is terminal, erect, bearing a
raceme of five or six flowers, which are of a uniform reddish
orange colour, the sepals and petals narrow lanceolate, the
former about an inch and a half long, longer than the
convolute crisped lip. It blooms in March, April, and May,
lasting six weeks in beauty. This makes a good plant for
exhibition on account of its unusual and very distinct colour.
— Brazil.
'ElG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4302 ; Faxton, Mag. Bot., vii. 193, with tab. ; Serium
Orch., t. 38.
L. Crawshayana, Bchb. f. — An interesting plant, supposed
to be a natural hybrid, having ovate sulcate pseudobulbs as
in L. albida, but somewhat flattened, and bearing one or
two leaves, which are also like those of L. albida. The scape
is elongated, as in L. anceps, to which the flowers, two on the
scape, bear some resemblance, but the sepals and petals are
narrower, and of a fine amethyst-purple colour, the anterior
lobe of the lip and the tips of the side lobes being of a fine
L.ELIA. 355
deep rosy purple, with a white disk bearing three yellow
crests, the throat also is white striped with crimson-purple.
This plant was first flowered by De B. Crawshay, Esq., Rose-
field, Sevenoaks ; it flowers in January. — Mexico.
L. crispa. — See Cattleya ckispa.
L. crispilabia, A. Richard. — A very pretty plant, some-
what resembling L. cinnaharina in habit, though very distinct
in the colour of both the leaves and flowers. It has slender
pyriform pseudobulbs, tapering upwards like those oi L. cinna-
harina, each bearing a solitary light green leaf, which is of
evergreen character, and from the side of which at the top of
the pseudobulb grows a scape a foot in length, bearing about
half a dozen moderate-sized flowers, which are of an amethyst
or purple-lilac colour, the lip being deeper amethyst and
rolled over the column at the base, wiiite in the centre por-
tion, with the margin of the oblong acute reflexed middle
lobe of a still deeper amethyst ; the disk bears three crenulate
keels. It succeeds very well when grown with other kinds
of L(cUa, if afi'orded plenty of light, and never allowed to get
perfectly dry ; it grows about a foot high, bearing on its
flower spikes four to six medium-sized delicate purple flowers,
which continue in perfection for several weeks. — Brazil.
YlG.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, ii. t. 6.
Syn. — L. Lawrenceann.
L. Dayana, Bchh. f. — A beautiful and distinct dwarf com-
pact-growing species, and a very desirable addition to the
group, the more so as it is a winter-flowering plant. It is
of dwarf habit, grooving about six inches in height, with clus-
tered oblong somewhat clavate monophyllous stems, the leaves
elliptic-oblong, fleshy coriaceous, and the scape terminal one-
flowered. It is a small grower, in the way of J/, prcestans, the
flowers nearly four inches across, the sepals and petals rosy,
the lip rich purple-magenta, the throat yellowish white,
with numerous deep purple keels. A very free-flower-
ing species, which blossoms at the time it is making its young
growth from the axil of the leaf, and lasts for three or four
weeks in perfection. We find it does well in the Odonto-
glossum house with cool treatment. It is named in honour
of J. Day, Esq., of Tottenham. — Brazil.
Fig.— Orchid Albvm, iii. t. 132 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 249,
Sin. — L.pumila Daijana.
356 okohid-growib's manual.
L. Dominiana, Rchb. f. — This glorious hybrid was raised
in Messrs. Veitch's nursery by Mr. Dominy, and is the result
of a cross between Cattleya Dowiana and a species of LcBlia,
probably L. elegans. It is similar in habit to Cattleya Mossia,
having short fusiform one-leaved pseudobulbs, but the leaves
are longer, more in the way of L. elegans. The flowers are as
large as those of that species, and splendidly coloured ; the
sepals and petals are bright rosy purple, with darker reticu-
lations, and are similar in shape and size to those of C.
Dowiana, while the lip is of an intense and beautiful deep
blood purple, the rich dark colour being carried to the margin,
and the tube only showing a little of the golden venation of
C. Dowiana. It is to be regretted that this plant, through
being a hybrid, must always be scarce, as its great beauty
and distinctness claim for it the premier position among the
dark -flowered Lcelias. It flowers in August. — Garden hybrid.
I'lG.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 325.
L. Dominiana rosea, Veitch. — A very fine hybrid LcRlia,
raised by Mr. Dominy from Cattleya exoniensis, crossed with
G. Dowiana. The flowers are of moderate size, the sepals
and petals are pale lilac-rose, and the lip is in the way
of that of C. Doiviayia, of a rich purple-crimson, and well
crisped at the margin, an inch and three-quarters wide, and
upwards of two inches long. It is very distinct. — Garden
hybrid.
L. Dormanniana, Rchh. f. — A fine Lalia, supposed to be a
natural hybrid between Cattleya bicolor and Lalia 2Jumila.
It has thin slender terete sulcate stems, bearing one or two
leaves, which are cuneate oblong-ligulate, and two to five-
flowered peduncles. The flowers, which are as large as those
of C. superba, are very distinct in form ; the sepals and
petals are olive-green, marbled outside with a light vinous
purple ; the odd sepal and petals are prettily decorated with
numerous dark port wine coloured spots round the margin ;
the front lobe of the lip is of a bright purplish crimson, the
lateral lobes rosy crimson, distinctly veined with purplish
crimson. It flowers in December and January, and probably
at other seasons, as it is very free-blooming. — Brazil.
L. elegans, JRchb. f. — A magnificent species, with slender
terete clavate stems, two feet high or more, bearing at top one
L^LIA. - 357
or two linear-oblong coriaceous evergreen leaves, and a t-wo to
seven-flowered peduncle issuing from an oblong blunt spatbe.
Tbe flowers are four to five incbes across, and are produced
at different times of tbe year, lasting in perfection for about
tbree weeks. Of tbis species tbere are many varieties, diff'er-
ing in tbe sbade of colour of tbeir flowers, wbicb varies from
■wbite to ligbt rose, pink, crimson, and rosy purple. In tbe
typical variety tbe sepals and petals, tbe latter being broader,
are pale rose, and tbe lip, wbicb bas elongate obtuse pale-
coloured side lobes encircling tbe column, and baving a deep
crimson spot near tbe tip, bas an emarginate undulated front
lobe broader tban long, ratber recurved to tbe base, and of a
brilliant rose-purple. — Brazil : St. Catherine''s.
'FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4700 ; Ann. de Gand, 1848, t. 185 ; Pescatorea, t. 43 ;
111. Hort, t. 402 ; Puydt, Les Orch., t. 21 ; Batenia-n, 2nd Cent., t. 156 (Catt-
leva elegans).
Stn. — Cattleya elegans,
L. elegans alba, Williams. — A most lovely variety, and one
tbat sbould be in every collection. In its babit and in tbe size
of tbe flowers it resembles tbe best forms of L. elegans, but
tbe sepals and petals are broad, pure wbite, and tbe front lobe
of tbe lip is ricb crimson-purple, softening off towards tbe tip
into lilac-purple. It blossoms in June and July, lasting tbree
weeks in perfection. — Brazil.
'Em.— Orchid Album, i, t. 30.
L. elegans Bluntii, Loiv. — A very beautiful dark-flowered
variety, baving tbe sepals and petals of a brigbt rosy magenta
colour ; tbe front portion of tbe lip is mucb lengthened out
and is of a pure magenta-crimson. Tbe basal portion of tbe
lip wbicb encloses tbe column is wbite save at tbe two
points, wbicb are turned upwards and are flusbed witb tbe
same colour as tbe petals. It flowers during August and
September. — Brazil.
L. elegans Leeana, Williams. — Tbis is a very lovely and
distinct variety. Tbe pseudobulbs are tbicker and more
clavate tban those of an ordinary L. elegans. Tbe flowers
are six and a balf incbes across, tbe sepals and petals being of
a pale rose, beautifully suffused at tbe margins witb rosy
magenta, in tbe same way as L. elegans Wolstenholmicc, and
tbe lip is very large, cut at tbe sides, an incb and a balf
across, tbe anterior part rosy magenta of a very ricb bue,
358 orchid-growek's manual.
the throat white striped iu the centre with magenta. It
flowers during the spring months. — Brazil.
L. elegans prasiata, Bchb. f. — A very distinct and beautiful
variety, forming an elegant companion to L. TurnerL The
flowers are of large size, the sepals and petals dull magenta-
rose tinged with green ; the front portion of the lip is of a
rich magenta-crimson veined with a deeper tint of the same
colour, while the lateral lobes of the lip are pure white, and
form a striking contrast to the dark portions of the flower.
We have seen this variety produce from six to eight of its
fragrant flowers on one spike. It blooms during September
and October, and lasts for three weeks in beauty. This
variety was finely flowered in the collection of Baron Schriider,
The Dell, Staines, under the care of Mr. Ballantyne, the
gardener. — Brazil.
Fig. — Orchid Album, iii. t. 97.
L. elegans Warneri, Williams. — A magnificent variety of
L. elegans, which grows to about the same size as the species
itself, having similar terete subclavate stems and oblong-
obtuse leaves. The flowers are fully seven inches across,
the sepals and petals are blush white, with the throat yel-
lowish purple ; the lip rich crimson. It blossoms in June
and July, and will last in perfection for three or four weeks.
This very rare variety is one of the finest of its class, and
also a fine exhibition plant. — Brazil.
■piG.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, iii. t. 1.
Syn. — L. War7ieri.
L. elegans Wolstenliolmise, Echb.f. — A magnificent variety
of L. elegans, producing light amethyst-coloured flowers, seven
inches across, in which the sepals are white marked at the edges
with pale purple-rose, and the petals more deeply margined
with the same colour ; the lip is white at the base, with a
deep purple curved blotch about the throat, and rosy purple
in front. It is very distinct in appearance, and was bloomed
by J. Day, Esq., who dedicated it to his sister, Mrs. Wolsten-
holm, who is an enthusiastic lover of these beautiful plants.
It usually blossoms during the autumn months.— Brazil.
Fig.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, ii. t. 29.
L. flammea, Rchb. f. — This fine distinct plant is the result
of a cross between L. cinnaharina and L. Filcheriana. It is
LiELIA. 359
of moderate stature, with slender cyliodrical stems, each
terminated by a soUtary oblong-ligulate leaf, and from a com-
pressed pale brown sheath a peduncle with three or four
flowers, each four inches across. The variety blooms during
March and April. The sepals and petals are of a brilliant
cinnabar orange, and the lip is three-lobed, with the side
lobes yellow, folded over the column, their blunt anterior ends
spreading, and the central one rounded, denticulated, crispy,
and of a rich crimson hue, the discal part marked with crim-
son veins. — Garden hybrid.
Fi«. — Florist aiid Pomologist, 1874, 133, with tab.
L. flaya, Lindlcy. — A very distinct species, which has
short ovate one or two-leaved pseudobuibs, flat leathery oblong
acute leaves, and an erect scape bearing a cylindraceous
raceme of eight or ten flowers, which are of a clear yellow,
and have the sepals and petals linear-oblong obtuse, and the
lip oblong, recurved, the side lobes plane, erect, veined with
crimson, the sessile middle lobe crispy, and the disk marked
by four elevated veins, divergent at the tips. The flowers
last three weeks in perfection. — Brazil.
'EiG.—Bot. Reg., 1842, t. 62.
Syn. — L. caulescens.
L. furfuracea, LindUy. — A showy species, resembling L.
autumnalis, but having the pseudobuibs ovate and furrowed,
and the narrow oblong erect acute leathery leaves solitary or
in pairs, and of a light green. The flowers are produced on
upright scapes, ten inches high, from the top of the bulb
during autumn, and are individually five inches in diameter ;
the sepals are lanceolate and very acuminate, the petals
subrhomboid and undulated, and the bilamellate lip three-
lobed ; the colour is a deep rose, the base of the lip being
white. This plant is somewhat difiicult to cultivate ; we find
it does well in pans with peat and good drainage, and sus-
pended near the glass in the cool house. — Mexico.
YlG.—Bol. Mag., t. 3810 ; Bot. Reg., 1839, t. 26.
L. gigantea, Warner. — This is one of the finest of the
genus, and is a free-growing and free-flowering plant, in
general habit like L. elegans, but having longer leaves. The
flowers measure six inches in diameter, and are produced four
or five on a scape in March and April, and continue in per-
fection for four or five weeks. The oblong-lanceolate sepals
360
ORCHID-GROWER S MANUAL.
and broader petals are of a delicate lilac, beautifully spotted
with rose-purple ; the lip is three- lobed, the tips of the lateral
lobes violet-rose, and the middle lobe of a deep rich magenta,
the throat being white. It succeeds well with the other
Lalias, and is very rare. — Brazil.
'EiG,.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, i. t. 6.
Syn. — L. grandiflora,
L. grandis, Lindley. — A very distinct and singular, and
also a very rare species, remarkable for the colour of its
flowers. It grows about a foot high, with clavate furrowed
stems, from which rises the solitary oblong-acute rigid dark
green leaf. The scapes are
about four-flowered, and
emerge from terminal oblong
sheaths ; they measure about
four inches across, and have
the reflexed and twisted
sepals and petals of a light
nankin or fawn colour, the
lip white in the throat,
beautifully veined through-
out with magenta-rose, the
middle lobe being prettily
crispate-undulate. It flowers
during the summer, and
will remain in perfection for
a long time if kept from the
damp. — Brazil : Bahia.
'Fig.— Orchid Album, iii, t. 123 ;
Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. 60, fig. 38;
Flore des Serres, vii. 238, with fig. ;
Id., t. 2473 ; Boi. Mag., t. 6553 ;
Gartenflora, t. 698.
L. harpophylla, Rchb. /.
— A very handsome species,
and one that should be grown
in every collection. The
stems are slender terete, about one foot in height, bearing
a solitary lanceolate acute leaf. The scapes are produced in
a longish terete sheath from the apex of the stems, and bear
from four to eight flowers, of which the lanceolate pointed
sepals and petals are bright orange-vermilion, and the three-
lobed lip of the same colour, margined with white. This
L.ELIA HARPOPHTLLA.
L^LIA. 361
species is far siiperioi' to L. cinnaharina, the flowers being
larger and the colour more brilhant. This plant is well grown
and flowered by Mr. Heims, gardener to F. A. Philbrick, Esq.,
Bickley. It flowers in February and March. — Brazil.
'EiG.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 117 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 372 ; Garden, sxiv.
t. iOO.
L. irrorata, Bchh. f. — An elegant species, whose stems
usually attain a height of eighteen inches, and bear two or
three leaves on the summit (monophyllous — i. Echb.). The
flowers are racemose, measuring about five inches across, the
ligulate acute sepals and the cuneate oblong slightly undulated
petals blush white, the lip with the lateral lobes blush white,
the rounded spreading ends tipped with rosy pink, and the
middle lobe rich crimson shaded with purple. It makes a
very fine subject for exhibition, flowering in June and July,
and is a plant no collection of Orchids should lack. The finest
variety of this plant which we have seen bloomed in the rich
collection of R. F. Ainsworth, Esq., M.D., at Lower Broughton,
Manchester, under the care of Mr. Mitchell. — Brazil.
Fig. — Xenia Orch., ii. t. 115, fig. 1.
L irrorata Scottiana, Bchh. f. — A very fine large-flowered
high-coloured variety. The narrow acute sepals and narrowish
acute petals are of a light rose colour, and the lip is three-
lobed, the centre lobe brilliant crimson-magenta, and the throat
white. It flowers in June. The variety is named in honour
of H. J. Scott, Esq., Queen's Quay, Belfast, by whom it was
flowered. — Brazil.
L. JonglieaiLa, Bichh. f. — A lovely and distinct species, with
small ovate-oblong compressed shining pseudobulbs, and ob-
long ligulate blunt or emarginate dark green glossy leaves.
The scape is two-flowered, the flowers expanded, four and a
half inches across, with linear-lanceolate acute sepals, elliptic
oblong-obtuse petals, and a rather small but handsomely
marked lip, which has the side lobes short convolute, the tube
yellow within, the yellow colour being continued on the disk,
which is marked by a crest of seven elevated undulated ridges
of a dark orange yellow, the oblong front lobe whitish, with a
broad beautifully denticulate border of violet-amethyst, the
sepals and petals being of a brilhant amethyst. This
species blooms in March, and the flowers last a long time in
perfection. It is best grown in a basket with rough fibrous
dbZ ORCHID-GEOWER S MANUAL.
peat, having some charcoal mixed with the peat, and having
also good drainage. — Brazil.
Fig.— Bet. Mag., t. 6038 ; Floral Mag., 2 sen, t. 177 ; Gard. Chron., 1872,
425, fig, 128.
L. Leeana, Bchh. f. — This is a very dwarf-growing and
distinct Lcclia, supposed to be a natural hybrid. In growth it
somewhat resembles Cattleya mar (jinata, hut the pseudobulbs
and leaves are considerably longer. The floAvers are very
handsome, the sepals and petals being rosy magenta, and the
anterior lobe of the lip bright magenta-crimson. The lateral
lobes of the lip, which enclose the column, are pale rose
colour, having two magenta-crimson blotches at the tips. It
flowers in September. This plant has been named in honour
of W. Lee, Esq., Downside, Leatherhead. — Native Country
not stated.
L. Lindleyana, Hart. — A very distinct species both as
regards its flowers and its manner of growth. The stems are
slender elongate terete, about eight inches high, with whitish
spathaceous bracts, and the one or two leaves are linear-
lanceolate, fleshy, and channelled like those of Brassavola
venosa. The flowers are solitary, terminal, on long deflexed
peduncles, upwards of five inches across ; the sepals and
petals linear-lanceolate, blush white ; the lip, with very short
rosy tinted basal lobes, the intermediate one an inch and a
half long, Bubrotund, concave, blush white, the apical part
with deeper rosy flabellate veins and with a series of oblong
spots along the centre in the upper half. It blooms at
difierent times of the year, principally autumn and winter,
and continues in perfection six weeks. — Brazil : Bahia.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6449 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PL, t. 175,
Syn. — Cattleya Lindleyana.
L. majalis, Lindley. — This is a glorious plant, one of the
finest of the genus, or perhaps one of the most striking of all
known Orchids. It is of dwarf habit, with ovate or roundish
pseudobulbs, leathery oblong solitary leaves, and one or two-
flowered peduncles bearing immense flowers, measuring
between seven and eight inches across from the tip of the
dorsal to the tips of the lateral sepals, which are lanceolate,
four inches long, of a delicate lilac-rose, the petals being twice
as broad, oblong-lanceolate, and of the same colour ; while
the lip is three-lobed, the side lobes small, white inside, with
magenta-purple stripes, the middle lobe large rounded emar-
ginate, purplish lilac at the sides, white in the centre, marked
with bold divergent blotches forming broken lines of magenta-
purple. Native name Flor de Mayo. It blooms with the
young growth during the summer months, and lasts five or
six weeks in beauty. This plant is rather diflficult to flower
in some collections, but we have bloomed it successively for
several years. We keep it rather dry and cool during the
winter, and give it plenty of water during the growing season.
It is best grown near the glass suspended from the roof, with
little shade. — Mexico.
'FlG.—Bot. Reg., 1844, t. 30 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5667 ; Bateni. Orcli. Mex. et
Guat., t. 23 ; Jennings, Orch., t. 41 ; Paxton, Mag, Bot xii. 1, with tab.
Syk. — Cattleyi Grahami; Bletia speciosa ; B. grandijlora.
L, monopliylla, N. E. Brown. — A very distinct and pretty
dwarf-habited species, resembling a Masdevallia in its growth.
It has a creeping rhizome and no pseudobulbs, but short
slender erect stems as thick as a crow quill, dotted with rosy
red, and having sheathing bracts. The leaves are solitary,
narrow linear-oblong and bluntish, of leathery texture, deep
green on the upper surface ; and the continuation of the stem,
which rises from six to ten inches high, bears a solitary
flower, two inches across, of a vivid orange-scarlet, the sepals
and petals being alike oblong and subacute, and the lip minute,
yellow, enclosing the column, which just shows its purple
anther-cap beyond. It blossoms in September and October.
—Jamaica, 3,000—5,000 feet altitude.
'Eld.— Bot. Mag., t. 6683.
Stn. — Trigonidium monophyllum ; Octadesmia monophylla.
L. peduncularis, LindUy. — A charming compact-habited
evergreen plant, with the habit of L. acuminata. The
pseudobulbs are roundish ovate, compressed, rugosely
wrinkled, bearing from the top a solitary oblong-obtuse
leaf, and a slender scape ten inches or a foot high, ter-
minating in a corymbiform raceme of handsome rosy magenta
flowers, of which the sepals are lanceolate, and the petals
oblong-ovate, undulated, and the lip is prominent, three-
lobed, the lateral lobes short, the centre one oblong, rounded
and recurved at the apex, of the same colour as the sepals,
except that there is a distinct pm-ple- crimson spot in the
throat, and a small patch of creamy white just in front of it.
It requires to be grown on a block or basket ; blooms during
the winter months, and lasts about a fortnight in perfection.
Q 2
364 ORCHID- grower's manual.
The iinest form of this species we have seen was in the col-
lection of R. F. Ainsworth, Esq., M.D., Lower Broughton,
under the care of Mr. Mitchell ; the flowers in this case were
deep rose-coloured, and three inches and a half in diameter.
The figure in Paxton's Magazine quoted below appears to us
to represent this species rather than L. acuminata, which
name is attached to it, — Mexico.
Fig.— Bot. Reg., 1Mb, t. 69 ; Orchid Album, iv. t. 173 ; Bot. Mag., t.
4099 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., x. 49, with tab. (acuminata).
L. Perrinii, LindUy. — A truly beautiful species, resembling
a L'attleya in growth and in flower. The stems are club-
shaped, scarcely a foot in height, with large solitary oblong-
obtuse dark green leaves, and two-flowered peduncles from
compressed purplish green spathes. The flowers are about
six inches across ; the sepals and broader petals light magenta-
rose, the three-lobed lip with the front portion intensely rich
purple-crimson, which is continued round the front edges of
the lateral lobes, the throat white, and the exterior of the
side lobes pale rosy lilac veined with deeper rose. It blooms
in October and November, and continues in good condition
for a couple of weeks. There are two varieties of this plant ;
one producing much darker-coloured flowers, and being
stronger in growth than the other. — Brazil.
'FiG.—Bot. Reg., 1838, t. 2 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3711 ; Orchid Album, ii. t. GO ;
Paxton, Mag. Bot., xiii. 5, with tab. ; Hart. Parad., i. t. 10.
Syn. — Cattleya Perrinii ; C. inttrmedia atigusti folia,
L. Perrinii irrorata, lichh. f. — A delicately-coloured yet
attractive variety, with the general characters of the type, but
difl'ering in the colour of its charming flowers. The sepals
and petals are of the palest rose colour, and the lip is nearly
white, its disk, however, being of a pale yellow colour, and
its apex of a light purple. — Brazil.
L. Perrinii nivea, Rchh. f. — A very chaste and beautiful
form, first flowered in this country by ourselves, and still
very rare. It resembles the type in every respect saving
the colour of the flowers, which is pure white, with the
exception of the lip, which is pale rosy pink in front, and
having a slight tinge of yellow in the throat. It blossoms
during October and November, and lasts about two weeks in
perfection. — Brazil.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iv. t. 181 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 420.
L. Pilclieriana, Dominy and EcJih. f. — This fine hybrid
LiELIA. 365
was obtained in Messrs. Veitcli's nursery by Mr. Dominy,
between L. Perrinii and Cattleya crispa. The flowers are
larger than those of the latter, the sepals oblong Ugulate
acute, the petals broader oblong acute, both of a beautiful
French white ; the lip is narrow, rolled round the column,
three-lobed, the disk whitish yellow with deep purpHsh veins,
the anterior part very much crisped and toothed, pointed,
deep purple with a white margin. Professor Reichenbach, in
the Gardeners' Chronicle, 1868, 815, describes one of these
hybrids as having rosy lake flowers, so that doubtless the
diiferent seedlings vary. — Garden hybrid.
FlQ.— Floral Mag., t. 340.
L, prsestans, B.chh. /. — A splendid dwarf evergreen species,
which grows six inches high, and often blossoms twice in a
year. It has short fusiform stems (pseudobulbs), solitary
oblong leaves, and short one-flowered peduncles. The
flowers are large, three and a half inches across ; the sepals
oblong, the petals ovate, both of a brilliant dark rose ; the
lip of a deep rich purple in front and around the margin,
the disk and throat yellow, and the exterior of the side
lobes where they are rolled over the column deep rose. This
plant resembles Cattleya maryinata in growth and in the size
of its flowers. There are several varieties, some of which are
much better than others. It grows best on a block with a good
supply of water at the roots in the growing season. The cool
house is best suited for its successful growth. — Brazil.
'FlG.—Xenm Orck., ii. t. 114; Illust. Hort., t. 193— f. Rchb. ; Flore des
Serres, t. 1900 ; £ot. Mag., t. 6498 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Oreh. PL, t. 128.
Stn. — Cattleya pumila major — f. Rchb,
L. pumila. — See Cattleya makginata.
L. purpurata, Lindley. — A magnificent species, often
designated the King of Orchids, a title which it richly merits,
as a nobler Orchid producing such large rich-coloured flowers
does not exist. It grows some two feet high or more, and has
fusiform furrowed stems, oblong emarginate light green leaves,
and a peduncle bearing from three to five flowers, which are
very large and showy. There are many varieties of it, all of
which are well worth growing, though some are much finer
than others. The recurvo-patent linear-oblong sepals and
the larger oblong undulated petals are pare white, while the
lip has the basal lobes folded over the column, whitish streaked
with rose, the throat yellow, striped distinctly with crimson,
366 orchid-grower's manual.
and the broad front lobe expanded, of a rich dark crimson-
purple, paler towards the tip, and marked by feathered crimson
veins. In the form called prcetexta by Reichenbach the tip of
the lip is white. In some of the varieties the flowers are of a
light rose colour. It blooms during May, June, and July, and
lasts three weeks in perfection, if the flowers are kept dry. —
Brazil: St. Catherme's.
'ElG.— Warner, Sel Orch. PI., i. t. 40 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard., iii. t. 96 ; Pescatorea,
t. 37 ; Illust. Hort., t. 83 ; Flore cles Serres, tt. 1138-9 ; Xetiia Orch., t. 61
(prsetexta); Florist, 1859, t. 153— f. Rchb.; Ga7'd. Chron., N.S., xiv. 45,
fig. 12 (flower regular) ; Id., xx. 530, fig. 90.
L. purpurata Brysiana, Hon. — A fine showy and very dis-
tinct plant, a variety that makes a fine contrast to the white
form of L. purpurata. The sepals and petals are of a beautiful
light rose veined with a darker tint of the same colour, and
the front lobe of the lip is dark crimson. — Brazil.
Fig.— Zem. Jard. Fl, tt. 275-6; Id. Illust. Hort., t. 134.
Syn, — L, Brysiana.
L. purpurata Uelisii, Lemaire. — A handsome and well-
marked variety, having the general aspect and characteristics
of the type. The flowers are large ; the sepals rich rose
colour on the outer surface, and as well as the petals white
tinged with rose on the inside ; the lip is large and prominent,
and of a rich purplish crimson. It is a rare and very beauti-
ful form, named in compliment to M. de Nelis, of Malines. —
Brazil.
Fia.—niust. Hort., t. 569,
L. purpurata Williamsii, Hort. — A splendid variety, grow-
ing about two feet high, and certainly one of the finest of
the genus for exhibition purposes. The stems are clavate,
monophyllous, the leaves leathery, narrowly oblong, and the
flowers large, three or four on a scape, each bloom measuring
about eight inches in diameter, the sepals and broader petals
of a beautiful delicate rose, pencilled with lines of purple, and
the very large lip rich dark crimson-magenta, the tip paler
and reticulately veined, and the throat yellow, beautifully
veined with crimson-magenta. It blooms in May and June,
and continues three weeks in perfection. — Brazil : St. Cathe-
rine's.
YiG.— Orchid Album, i. tt. 9, 10.
L. Russelliaua, Hort. — A very distinct and elegant variety,
belonging to the L. purjmrata section of the genus. The
367
flowers are large ; the sepals somewhat narrow, white, suf-
fused with lilac, the petals broader and slightly deeper in
colour ; the hp large and rosy Hlac, having a band of pale
rose near the throat, which latter is light yellow, pencilled
with rose. It is very rare. — Brazil.
L. Schilleriana, Rchb. /. — A fine and rare species allied to
L. purpurata, and resembling L. elegans as regards its manner
of growth. The stems are eighteen inches high, and bear
light green foliage nine inches long. The flowers are showy ;
the sepals and petals are nearly equal, elongate lanceolate,
white, the lip elongate, three-lobed, the side lobes blunt-
angled, and the middle lobe oblong, minutely denticulate, the
throat radiately veined with purple, and the disk sulphur
yellow, with a large curved or hippocrepiform blotch of a
rich purple-crimson in front of the disk. It blooms during
May and June, lasting three and four weeks in beauty, and
makes a good exhibition plant on account of its showy
flowers . — Brazil.
L. ScMlleriana splendens, Hort. — A splendid variety of L.
Schilleriana, Avhich grows to the same height, and bears on
the top of the bulb two green leaves of a light green colour.
The plants flower twice a year, and produce large blossoms,
of which the sepals and petals are light rose, veined with
a deeper colour, and the lip is large, of a beautiful magenta,
the front part light rose, and the throat yellow. It blooms
in June and in autumn, and as it lasts several weeks in per-
fection, it makes a fine exhibition plant. — Brazil.
L. Scliroderii, Williams and Moore. — A very distinct and
beautiful species, which in its growth and in the shape and
size of its flowers resembles L. grandis. It was flowered for
the first time by ourselves, and was named after Baron
Schroder, The Dell, Staines, a great admirer of this noble
class of plants. The stems are clavate, about a foot and a
half high, with solitary oblong leathery light green leaves,
and racemes of three or four flowers, borne on a scape issuing
from an oblong compressed bract or spathe. The flowers are
about seven inches across, the sepals and much broader petals
pure white, and the lip white, undulated, veined towards the
throat with magenta-rose, the throat itself, as well as the part
inflected over the column, deep yellow veined with rose.
This new species has also flowered with Erastus Corning,
368 ORCHID- grower's manual.
Esq., of Albany, New York, U.S.A., under the care of Mr.
Gray, the gardener. It flowers during May and June, lasting
from three to four weeks in perfection. — Brazil: Bahia.
'Fig.— Orchid Album, i. t. 2.
L. Stelzneriana, Bchh. /. — This species is allied to L.
elegans, which it resembles in growth, but is scarcely so robust.
The flowers are somewhat smaller than those of that plant,
having pure white sepals and petals, the latter much broader
than the former, and the lip, the lobes of which are unusually
short, of a blush white, the throat being yellowish white, the
front lobe undulated and purple-crimson, this colour being
continued along the edge as far as the tips of the side lobes.
It blooms in May and June. — Brazil.
Fig.— Flore des Serres, tt. 1494-5.
L. SUperMens, Lindley. — A noble Orchid, one of the finest
of the genus. It is rather a large-growing plant, with fusi-
form stems, bearing a pair of oblong acute rigid leathery
leaves at the top. The flower scape is three to nine
feet high, having sometimes on one scape from fourteen to
twenty blossoms, often measuring seven inches across. These
flowers have the sepals and petals of a beautiful deep rose,
somewhat paler towards the base ; and the lip has the side
lobes deep crimson in front, yellowish at the sides above the
fold over the column, the disk yellow, with a crest of five large
subserrate deeper orange j^ellow lamellas, truncate in front ;
the middle lobe is oblong emarginate, of a rich deep crimson,
flabellately veined with deeper crimson. It blooms during
the winter months, and continues long in beauty. The
finest plant we ever saw of this was in the Horticultural
Gardens at Chiswick ; it sometimes produced as many as nine
clusters of its beautiful flowers at one time ; the plant was
four feet across, with the flowering stems seven feet in height,
and was in perfect health. — Mexico : Guatemala.
Fig.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, i., t. 20; Batem. Orch. Mex. et Guat, t. 38;
Bot. Mag., t. 4090 ; Faxton, Mag, Bot., xi. 97, with tab. ; I lore des Serres,
tt. 1178-9.
L. Turneri, Warner. — This is a magnificent plant of the L.
elegans section, from the type of which, however, it proves
quite distinct in its larger flowers, richer colours, and in the
difi'erent form of the lobes of the lip. The stems are elongated,
terete, clavate, and the leaves in pairs, oblong, leathery, a foot
long. The flowers measure upwards of six inches across ;
369
the sepals and petals are of a deep purple-rose, slightly veined
with a darker hue, and the lip has the front lobe plane, not
warted, of a deep bright magenta colour, rounded spathulate
in outline, its lateral lobes white, tipped with rose. It is with-
out exception one of the finest plants known amongst Orchids,
blooming in July and August, whence it will be found an
acquisition for late summer shows. It was named in honour of
the late J. A. Turner, Esq., of Manchester.
Fig.— Warner, Sel Orch. PL, i. t. 12.
L. Yeitclliaiia, Rchb. f. — A gorgeous hybrid, raised in
Messrs. Veitch's nursery at Exeter by Mr. Dominy so long
ago as 1858, and first bloomed in 1874:. It is the result of a
cross between Cattleya lahiata and C. crispa. The stems are
short fusiform, clothed with spotted sheathing scales, and
terminating in oblong dark green leathery leaves. The
flowers are long, four or five on a scape, with lanceolate
sepals of delicate lilac, ovate lanceolate undulated petals of a
somewhat deeper colour, and a splendidly coloured lip, of
which the anterior half is rich crimson-purple, and behind this a
sulphur yellow disk, streaked with purple in the central part,
the whole having a narrow pale lilac border. The lip is
rather narrowed towards the apex, thus showing an approach
to C. crispa. — Garden hjbrid.
'ElG.—Floi-al Mag., 2 ser., t. 305 ; Gard. Cliron., xx. 142, with fig. of entire
plant in supp. sheet.
L. "Wyattiana, Pichh. f. — A lovely species, imported in a
set of the short-bulbed ioxmoi L.jnirpurata. The flowers are
about the size of Cattleya crispa, and of membranous texture ;
the sepals and petals are white, the latter very acute, and
the lip, which is similar in shape to that of C. crispa, so as to
be subrhomboid, and undulated towards the front, has the
nerves on the disk dark purple, the side ones coloured only
at the base, the central ones coloured through their whole
length ; the side lobes are light yellow outside, the anterior
lobe light purple. It flowers during the autumn. This was
first flowered by G. Nevile Wyatt, Esq., of Cheltenham, who
has a large and choice collection of Orchids. — Brazil,
L. xailtMna, LindUy. — A very distinct and pretty species,
which is also rather rare. The stems are clavate-fusi-
form, about a foot high, monophyllous, the leaves oblong-
lorate bluntish, and the scape four to six-flowered, issuing
Q 3
370 oechid-growek's manual.
from a linear-oblong compressed bract. The flowers are
three to four inches across, the sepals and petals oblong-
ligulate undulated, with the sides rolled back, yellow, more or
less flushed with olive. green, the lip cucuUate, divided into
three obtuse and shallow lobes at the apex, deep yellow with
a broad front border of white, the disk marked by a few
crimson-purple veins, which are flat and not raised like a
crest as in the allied L. fiava. It flowers during May and
June, and lasts for three weeks in beauty. There are two
varieties of this species, one with much larger flowers than the
other. — Brazil.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. olU ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PL, t. 180 ; Orchid
Album, i. t. 23.
LelIOPSIS, Lindley.
{Tribe Epidendrese, subtribe Laeliese.)
A small genus of pseudobulbous epiphytes, which have a
terminal inflorescence, petals larger than the sepals, and a lip
shortly adnate with the base of the column, over which its
lateral lobes are folded. The latter organ is spurless, sessile,
convolute, of membranaceous texture, with its veins bearded,
the latter peculiarities separating the genus from Cattleya
according to Lindley, by whom it was founded. The few
species recorded, three or four in number, are West Indian.
Culture. — This very scarce plant is best grown on a block
suspended from the roof, and under these conditions requires
a good supply of water at the roots during the growing season.
It requires rather a warm temperature while growing, and
afterwards appears in a state of nature to become almost
shrivelled with drought. In its habit of growth it is much
like Broughtonia sanguinea.
L. domingensis, Lindleg. — A pretty dwarf slender evergreen
species, compact in gi'owth, with short oblong pseudobulbs,
bearing two oblong obtuse leathery leaves about three inches
long, and a slender scape from the top of the bulb, attainiug a
height of twelve inches, and bearing a raceme of about eight
871
blossoms of a pretty, rose-lilac colour, and produced at different
times of the year, continuing in beauty for five weeks at a
time. The throat is pallid, traversed by hairy veins, of
which the middle one is brownish yellow and the rest pur-
plish.— St. Domingo.
¥lG.—Gard. Mag. Bot., iii, 201, with tab.; Faxt. Fl. Gard., iii. t. 105;
Lemaire, Jard. FL, t. 172.
Syn. — Cattleya domingensis ; Broughtonia Ulacina; B. violacea,
LeptoTES, Lindleij.
( Ti'ibe EpidendrejE, subtribe Lseliese.)
A small genus consisting of dwarf and compact- growing
epiphytal pseudobulbous plants, with curious evergreen terete
foliage channelled on the upper side, and flowering from the
top of the pseudobulb. It is referred to Tetramicra by
Bentham. One peculiarity of the plant is the small auricle-
like lateral lobes of the lip. They are of Brazilian origin.
Culture. — These plants
are of easy culture, and will
do either on blocks or in
pots with peat suspended
from the roof. They are
very accommodating, for
they will grow in either
house, requiring a liberal
supply of water in the
growing season. They are
propagated by dividing the
L. ticolor, Lindleij. — A
neat and pretty epiphyte,
with a creeping rhizome,
from which grow up several
slender stems, which are
about an inch long, and
almost cylindrical, and ter-
LEPT0TE3 BICOLOR.
372 oechid-gkower's manual.
miuated by a solitary terete recurved fleshy leaf, which is
grooved on the upper side. The peduncle with a solitary
flower rises from the base of the leaf, the flower itself having
a very long pedunculiform ovary. The sepals and petals are
linear-oblong, white, and the lip has two very short lateral
lobes, and an oblong front lobe nearly as long as the petals,
white, streaked with purple on the disk ; it blooms during
the winter months, lasting four weeks in beauty. — Brazil.
I'IG.—Bot. Reg., t. 1625 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3734 (glaucous var.).
L. serrulata, LimUey. — A charming little plant, in the way
of L. hicolor ; the flowers being nearly the same in colour, the
chief difi'erence being that they are considerably larger — as
much as three or four times larger. The stems are sometimes
two-leaved, the cylindrical fusiform grooved leaves glaucous
green, dotted with purple, the scapes terminal and axillary,
purple, bearing the large stellate flowers on very long stalk-
like ovaries ; the sepals and petals are white, and the lip white,
with lines of brilliant lake radiating from the base, where it
has two short rounded auricles. It blooms in April and
May, and lasts three weeks in perfection. — Brazil.
YiG.—Sertum Orchid., t. 11.
LiMATODIS, Bhime.
( Tribe Epidendreaj, subtribe Bletieas.)
A small genus of beautiful terrestial Orchids related to
Phaius, in which it is included by Bentham ; it also closely
resembles Calanthe. The flowers have a spurred lip rolled
around the column, from which it is free, and which, accord-
ing to the authors of Genera Plantarum, is two-winged. It
includes some species of a highly ornamental character. By
a slip of the pen Lindley formerly wrote the name Limatodes,
but has corrected it in the Folia Orchidacea. They are all
Eastern, being found in Java, Sumatra, India, and China.
Culture. — During the growing season these plants require
a liberal supply of water at the roots — in fact, they should
be kept watered till they come into flower. After they
LISSOCHILU?. 373
have done blooming they must be rested by withholding
water. They do well in the East Indian house, and should
be grown in pots with peat, leaf mould, and sand, being potted
in the same manner as Calanthe vestita, which they resemble
in growth ; they also flower about the same time as that
equally useful Orchid. They are propagated by dividing
the pseudobulbs just when they begin to grow.
L. roSGa, Lindlcy. — A charming winter-flowering Orchid, of
which there are many varieties. We have had five in flower
at the same time, diflering more or less from each other in
their colour, which varied from white to dark rose and pink,
with diflerent intermediate shades of rose. We have few
plants that are more valuable for decorative purposes during
the dull season than this Limatodis, and it may be had in
flower for months together. It is a deciduous plant, with
fusiform pseudobulbs five or six inches long, much swollen
at the base, and terminated by broadly lanceolate mem-
braneous ribbed leaves. The flower scapes proceed from the
base of the pseudobulbs, and are nodding, attaining a height
of one or two feet, bearing many flowers, which are usually
of a pleasing shade of rose-pink, with a flat oblong Hp, the
side lobes of which are white, rolled over the column, and
having a white throat surrounded by a well-defined ring of
rich deep rose. The pseudobulbs, which are of a pale
brownish or greyish colour, are curiously constricted in the
middle part, as seen in some forms of Calanthe vestita. —
Mouhnein.
Fig.— Paxt. Fl. Gard., iii. t. 81 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5312.
LiSSOCHILUS, Eobert Brown.
{Tribe Vandese, subtribe Eulophiefe.)
Tropical Orchids of terrestrial habit, some of which are
of a very ornamental character. The flowers have the petals
larger than the sepals, and spreading, and the lip is saccate
at the base or produced into a conical spur. The leaves are
plicate, and the flower scape is leafless. There are about
374 orchid-grower's manual.
thirty species of the genus known, all found in Tropical or
Southern Africa.
Culture. — These are terrestrial plants, and require to be
potted in fibrous loam, and to have good drainage secured,
as they need a liberal supply of water during the time they
are making their growth. As they come from a tropical clime
they require to be grown in a strong heat. This genus is much
neglected and despised by Orchid- growers, but though we have
not yet had the best species introduced to our gardens, or if
they haye been they have soon disappeared, some of those
within the reach of Orchidists are well worth attention,
L. Horsfallii, Batem. — This is a magnificent plant, in habit
of growth resembling Phajus grandifolius. It has a fleshy
underground tuber, from which springs a tuft of lanceolate
acute distinctly stalked plaited leaves two to three feet long,
and an erect terminal flower scape twice the length of the
leaves, terminated by a dense elongated raceme of large and
beautiful flowers. The sepals are lanceolate, undulated,
reflexed, of a rich purplish brown, the petals are much
larger, white, with a delicate tint of rose ; the lip funnel-
shaped, purplish at the base, three-lobed, the lateral lobes
large, erect, convex, green streaked with purplish crimson,
and the middle lobe bluntly ovate, of a deep pucy purple,
with three white ridges on the disk running down to the base.
It was received by the gentleman whose name it bears from
Old Calabar. — Tropical West Africa.
YlG.—Bot.Mag., t. 5486; Bate7n. 2nd Cent. Orch. PI., t. 121.
L. roseus, Lindley. — A grand species of this group of ter-
restrial Orchids, having the stifi' erect leaves broadly lanceo-
late and plicately veined, and the flower scapes between three
and four feet high, terminated by a dense oblong raceme of
handsome lively coloured flowers, very distinct in character,
each produced from the axil of an ovate bract. The sepals are
spathulate in outline, concave, reflexed, of a rich deep
velvety brown, the large oblong apiculate recmwed petals
are of a deep rose colour, and the three-lobed lip, which is
roundish and longer than the petals, is also of a deep rose,
and bears a conspicuous golden crest of three undulated
375
lamellse on the disk ; the under side of the lip and the conical
spur is also yellow. — Sierra Leone.
FlG.—Bot. Reg., 1844, t. 12.
L. Speciosus, B. Br. — A fine showy species, having large
roundish ovate underground bulbs, from which spring up a
tuft of several ensiform sharp-pointed stoutish smooth
leaves of a deep green colour. The scape comes from the
side of the newly formed bulb, and is erect, many-flowered,
two to four feet high, bearing the fragrant flowers in racemes
a foot and a half long, the flowers themselves, which have a
green bract at their base, being attractive in appearance, and,
from the torsion of their pedicels, being what is called resupi-
nate, or upside down ; the sepals are small, green, and reflexed ;
the petals oblong-ovate, an inch long, spreading, of a bright
glowing yellow, and the lip is nearly as long as the petals,
ovate-oblong, incurved, retuse, yellow, the cordate base
white, feathered with purple veins. " The flowers in general
begin to open at the low^er part of the scape about May or
June, and continue to expand upwards in succession until
the latter end of July or the middle of August." It prefers
rich loamy soil, and should be well drained, as in summer it
must be liberally watered ; and the intermediate house suits
it best. — South Africa.
YlG.—Bot. Reg., t. 578 ; Paxt. Mag, Bot., iv. 25, with tab.
LycASTE, Lindley.
{Tribe Yandeae, subtribe CyrtopodieEe.)
The Ly castes are mostly very useful plants. All the species
have short thick pseudobulbs, and ribbed or plicate leaves,
and the flowers are produced from the base of the pseudo-
bulbs on scapes about six inches in length, and are not only
large but showy, and remarkably durable. They have some-
what ringent flowers with erecto-patent sepals, the petals are
dissimilar and produced into a short chin at the base, and
the lip has a transverse fleshy appendage between its lateral
lobes. Several fine varieties have appeared during the past
few years, chiefly belonging to L. Skinneri, and difi'ering
376 oechid-gkowee's manual.
very much from each other in colour. There are some
twenty-five known species, which are found in Tropical
America and the West Indies.
Culture. — The plants belonging to this genus are of easy
culture, if properly attended to with respect to water, of
which they require a liberal supply during the growing
season, especially L. Skinneri and its varieties. We have
seen specimens of this species bearing as many as fifty
blossoms, and producing a grand eff'ect. They should be
grown in a cool house, potted in peat, with good drainage,
and be liberally supplied with water during the growing
season ; they should, in fact, never be allowed to get dry at
the roots even while at rest. These plants will stand for a
very long time in flower in a sitting-room, and will continue
in full perfection, without the slightest injury arising there-
from, but they should be grown in the warmest end of the
cool house. They are propagated by division after floweriug.
L. aromatica, Lindlcy. — A rather desirable species, on
account of its free- blooming habit and fragrance. It has
ovate compressed pseudobulbs, oblong lanceolate plicate leaves,
and numerous erect slender one-flowered scapes about four
inches high growing from the base of the pseudobulbs. The
flowers are golden yellow, greenish exteriorly, and the semi-
cylindraceous lip, which is spotted inside with orange, has the
front lobe cuneate serrulate at the tip, and bears in the middle
a large concave fleshy truncate appendage. — Mexico.
YiG.—ffook. Exot. Fl., t. 219; Bot. Reg., t. 1871.
Syn. — Maxillaria aromatica; Colax aromatica.
L. citrina, Hon. — A fine robust-growing species, with the
habit of L. Harrisonio'., and flowering about the same time.
The flowers are large, thick, and fleshy, and have the sepals
and petals lemon-colour, and the lip white marked with lilac.
It is a distinct and rare plant. — Brazil.
L. Cobhiana, Rchh. f. — A curious and distinct plant having
long narrow pseudobulbs. The sepals are greenish yellow,
the petals greenish white, and the lip white, distinctly fringed.
LYCASTE. 377
We saw a nice plant of this blooming in the large collection
of W. Lee, Esq., Leatlierheacl. It flowers in September. —
Native Country not stated,
L. cmenta, Lindley. — A rather desirable species allied to
L. aromatica, but its leaves are broader, and its flowers are
larger, the peduncles being sometimes two-flowered. The
pseudobulbs are ovate compressed rugose, the leaves oblong
membranaceous, the peduncles radical, with cucuUate sheaths.
The flowers are four inches across, the sepals ovate, scarcely
produced at the base, bright yellow inside, green without, the
petals smaller of the same form, wholly yellow, and the lip
much shorter than the petals, three-lobed, the lobes rounded,
the intermediate one crisped and pubescent, and the appendage
reduced to a small flat tubercle ; it is dotted with red, and
has a deep crimson blotch at its base. It flowers in abundance
in March and April, and lasts three weeks in perfection. —
Giiatemala.
Fig.— Bot. Eeg.,_ 1842, 1. 13.
Syx. — Maxillaria a'uenta.
L. Denningiaiia, Bchb. f. — A well-marked and conspicuous
species, which has broadly pyriform furrowed glaucous pseudo-
bulbs three inches high, cuneate oblong leaves, and flowers
nearly as large as those of L. yigantea, having whitish green
sepals and petals, the latter somewhat the smaller, and a
reddish brown lip, of which the front lobe is oblong blunt,
toothletted and reflexed, and the disk bears a large rhomboid
acute appendage. — Ecuador.
L. Deppei, Lindley. — An old but ornamental species well
worth}' of a place in collections. The pseudobulbs are ovate
compressed, about three-leaved, the leaves oblong-lanceolate
plicate. The scapes which spring from the base of the bulb
are one-flowered, erect, shorter than the leaves. The flowers
have oblong obtuse green sepals dotted over with chocolate-
purple spots arranged in transverse lines ; the petals are
smaller, pure white, and the lip is cucuUate, three-lobed,
yellow with crimson dots, the front lobe ovate acuminate
reflexed, with an ovate elevated appendage or callus. It
blooms during the winter and spring months, and lasts long
in beauty. — Mexico.
FlG.-Bot. Mag., t. 3395; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1612,
378 orchid-gbower's manual.
L. Deppei pimctatissima, Echh. f. — A very large-flowered
and distinct variety, in which the sepals and petals are green-
ish white covered with innumerable purple spots, and the lip
is yellow with dark purple radiating lines on the side lobes,
and five blotches of the same colour on the anterior lobe. It
flowers during the winter months. — Guatemala.
L. fulvescens, Hook. — An interesting species, with large
broadly ovate pseudobulbs, somewhat membraneous plicate
lanceolate leaves two or more from their top, and handsome
tawny yellow flowers on slender radical scapes. The flowers
have lanceolate sepals two and a half inches long, the lateral
ones falcate connate at the base into a blunt spur ; the petals
are similar but slightly smaller ; and the orange -coloured lip
is oblong, three-lobed, with an emarginate appendage on the
disk, and an ovate obtuse front lobe, beautifully fringed at the
margin with wavy hairs. — Columbia.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 4193.
L. gigantea, Lindley. — A stately-growing plant, of which
there are several varieties, some of which are inferior in
beauty, though the best are well deserving a place with
L. Skinneri. It has oblong-ovate smooth pseudobulbs some
five or six inches high, bearing two or three large oblong-
lanceolate acuminate plicate leaves from one to two feet long.
The scapes are proportionately stout, and bear a solitary
flower, which measures from tip to base fully six inches, and as
much across ; the sepals and petals are of a warm olive-green,
the latter being rather the shorter, and the lip is oblong-lanceo-
late, three-lobed, the middle lobe panduriform, serrated at the
edge, of a rich maroon-purple with a warm border of orange ;
the appendage to the lip is a transverse saddle-shaped emar-
ginate callus. It blooms during the winter months. — Central
America; New Grenada.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5616; Baiem. Ind Cent. Orcli. PI, t. 198; Bot. Reg.,
1845, t. 34 ; Annahs de Gand, 1845, t. 9.
Syn. — Maxillaria Heynderyxii.
L. Harrisonise, Hort. — An old and undeservedly neglected
species, with pyriform tetragonal pseudobulbs bearing a single
large oblong-lanceolate plaited leaf. The scape is one, sometimes
two-flowered, the flowers large, measuring some three inches
in diameter ; the sepals and petals large and fleshy, creamy
white, the lateral sepals being attenuated into a spur-like base ;
the lip purple, yellowish at the base, and marked with purple
LYCASTE. 379
veins exteriorly, the inner surface streaked witli red lines,
except the orange-coloured appendage on the disk. It suc-
ceeds in a cool house, and its flowers last an immense time in
perfection in a sitting-room. Reichenbach refers this species
to Bifrenaria. The var. grandijiora has the inner surface of
lip wholly purple except a narrow yellowish border, and the
spur is yellow with a few bold purple stripes. — Brazil.
'EiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 2927 ; Bot. Reg., t. 897 ; HooTc. Exot. FL, 1. 120 ; Paxt.
Fl. Gard., iii. 92, fig. 277 ; Xenia Orch., i. t. 94 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., ii. 196,
with tab. (gi-andiflora).
Syn. — Maxillaria Harrisonice ; Colax Earrisonice ; Dendrobium liar-
risonice; Bifrenaria Harrisonice.
L. Harrisonise alba, Ilort. — A neat variety, in which
the habit coincides with that of the type, but the flowers
of which are white ; the sepals are slightly tinged with green,
and the lower sides of the lateral ones faintly dotted with red,
the petals are pure white, well displayed, and the lip has a
white tube, the side lobes reddish purple veined with deeper
red, and the middle lobe of the same red-purple covered with
short white fleshy hairs ; the spur-like portion is greenish
white. — Brazil.
'FlQ.—GarienJlora, t. 52.
L. Harrisonise eburnea, Moore. — A very chaste and beautiful
variety having the sepals and petals pure white, and the lip
white freely striped with crimson ; the throat is yellow striped
with purplish red. It blooms during the months of April and
May. — Brazil.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 100.
L. lanipes, Lindley. — A very free-flowering kind. In its
habit of growth it is similar to L. Ski^ineri. The flowers are
large, produced in great quantities, pale green or greenish
white, with the lip of the same colour, its oblong obtuse front
lobe serrated at the base, and the appendage blunt convex and
ribbed. It is a most profuse bloomer during autumn, yield-
ing many dozens of flowers, which are very useful for cutting,
and last for a long time in perfection. — Guayaquil.
L. macropliylla, Lindley. — A distinct-coloured species, with
large ovate ribbed pseudobulbs, ample lanceolate plaited
leaves, and bold flowers, of which the sepals are olive green,
and the petals, which are nearly as long as the sepals, and
broadly rounded and undulated at the extremity, are of a
pale nankin-tinted sulphur ; the lip is also of the same tint of
380 orchid-grower's manual.
pale sulphur with purplish spots on the edges of the lobes,
and has a tongue-shaped appendage. — Peru : Caraccas.
FiG.—AnnaJes de Gand, 1848, t. 221.
Stn. — Maxillaria macrophylla,
L, plana, Lindley. — A rather showy species, with large
ovate-oblong ribbed pseudobulbs, bold oval lanceolate plicate
leaves, and handsome flowers some three and a half inches
across, having flat oblong spreading sepals of a fine madder
red, smaller white petals, with a rosy crimson blotch, having
in it an eye-like spot of white on their recurved tips, and a
still smaller white lip spotted with rosy crimson, the roundish
front lobe serrated, and the appendage oblong blunt and
obsoletely three-lobed. We saw this plant well flowered in
the collection of R. H. Measures, Esq., Woodlands, Streatham.
Mr. Measures also has a variety with a pure white lip, and
another with a bright rose-coloured lip. It flowers during the
winter. — Bolivia.
'ElG.—Bot. Reg., 1843, t. 35.
L. ScMlleriana, Hchb. f. — A free-growing plant, with
the habit of L. (jigantea, but a more desirable species. The
pseudobulbs and foliage are like those of L. Skinneri, but the
leaves are more erect. The scapes supporting the flowers are
about six inches in height. The sepals are spreadmg, about
four inches long, greenish brown, the petals smaller, very
pure white, converging over the base of the lip, the latter
being pure white in front, and with a slight tinge of yellow at
the base. The flowers are set on the stalk as in L. Skinneri,
that is, they look the observer in the face, and not as in L.
gigantea, in which they look down at the pot in which the
plant is growing. — Central America.
L, Skinneri, Lindley. — A beautiful and free-flowering
species, and one of the most striking ornaments of our
Orchid houses. It has oblong-ovate compressed pseudobulbs,
oblong-lanceolate membraneous plaited leaves, and single-
flowered radical scapes like most of the other species. The
flowers are very large, five to six inches across, and of a
fleshy texture, the sepals oblong-lanceolate acute, spreading,
blush white, the petals are about half the length, ovate, erect,
convolute over the column, with the tips reflexed, more or less
deeply tinted with rose, and the lip is three-lobed, the middle
lobe roundish ovate deflexed, wavy at the edge, white spotted
881
with deep rose red or
crimson, the appendage
forming a large fleshy
tongue-shaped callosity
on the disk. It blooms
during the winter
months, lasting a long
time in beaut3^ This
plant ought to be in
every collection, as it
is one of the finest v,e
have for winter bloom-
ing, its large numerous
singularly - formed and
richly - coloured flowers
rendering it at that sea-
son peculiarly attractive.
There are a good many
varieties, several of which hav
LTCASTE SKIN^'ERI.
been named. — Guatemala.
Fig. — Bot. Mag., t. 4445; Bateman, Orch. Mex. et Guat., t. 35; Paxton,
Mag. Bot., xi. 1, with tab. ; Flore des Serves, tt. 303, 304 ; Pescatorea, t. 39 ;
Sieb. Fl. Jard., 1862, t. 3 ; Jennings, Orch., t. 9 ; Floral Mag., 1. 192 ; Puydt,
Les Orch., t. 22 (rubra).
Syn. — Maxillaria Skinneri; M, virginalis.
L. Skinneri alba, Hort. — A very fine variety, with flowers
of full average size, and well expanded. The sepals and
petals are of a pure white colour ; the lip is also white with
the faintest tinge of yellow about the centre, the tongue-shaped
appendage being wholly yellow. A most desirable plant. —
Guatemala.
Fig.— Flo7-al Mag., 2 ser., t. 35, fig. 1 ; Pescaiorea, t. 39, right-hand fig.
(smaller form).
L. Skinneri amaWlis, Williams. — A very large and hand-
some variety, having flowers six inches in diameter. The
sepals are about two inches in breadth, of a pale rose colour,
the petals broad, of a rich magenta, and the lip white, in-
distinctly blotched with pale rosy purple. — Guatemala.
L. Skinneri delicatissima, Warner. — A distinct and hand-
some variety, the large flowers measuring six inches across.
The sepals are blush white, the petals more deeply flushed
with rosy pink, and the lip creamy white spotted with rose,
the appendage being more distinctly yellow, and tongue-
382 okohid-grower's manual.
shaped. It blooms in February, and continues in perfection
six weeks. — Guatemala.
'EiG,— Warner, Sel Orch. PI, i. 1. 10, fig. 1.
L. Skinneri gloriosa, Williams. — A fine and handsome
variety of this beautiful winter-blooming Orchid. The flowers
are seven inches across ; the sepals being very broad, of a
pale pink colour, whilst the petals are rich rose colour, espe-
cially on the inner surface, and the lip is large, white, marked
faintly with rose, — Guatemala.
L. Skinneri nigro-rubra, Hort. — A very handsome deep-
coloured variety, bearing flowers of the largest size, with the
broad spreading ovate sepals of a deepish mauve colour or
lilac-rose, the petals of a rich pucy purple or plum colour,
and the lip with deep rose side lobes and a front lobe of deep
sanguineous purple, the appendage being yellow. Very fine.
— Guatemala.
YlG.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 36, fig, 2.
L. Skinneri picturata, Warner. — A choice and showy
variety, having flowers seven inches across. The sepals are
blush, strongly tinged with rose near the base and along their
centre, the petals are white, the basal part flushed with pink
and striped with rosy lake ; and the lip is creamy white, the
front part spotted with purple-crimson and the basal part
bearing an appendage or blotch of deep purplish crimson. —
Guatemala.
Fig ._ Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, i. t, 10, fig, 2.
L. Skinneri pnrpurata, Warner. — A strikingly bold and
handsome variety, with large flowers, of which the sepals are
oblong acute and of a faint blush white, the petals similar in
colour but smaller, and the hp wholly of the richest crimson-
purple, with a purple appendage. — Guatemala.
■Fid.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI., i. 1. 10, fig. 3.
L. Skinneri rosea, Williams. — A magnificent variety, having
very large flowers, these being quite seven inches in diameter.
The sepals and petals are rich dark rose, and the lip white,
spotted with crimson. This is the finest variety we have
seen, and it lasts six weeks in beauty. — Guatemala.
L, Skinneri roseo-purpnrea, Williams. — A large-flowered
and handsome variety, the flowers being seven inches in
MAcoDEs. yoy
diameter. The sepals and petals are bright rose colour,
and the whole of the lip of an intense magenta-crimson. —
Guatemala.
L, Skinneri SUperba, Moore. — A splendid variety, of a very
showy character, and very distinct. The flowers are large
and attractive, the sepals being of a delicate rose or deep
blush, deeper at the base, the petals are intense rich rosy
crimson, and the lip white, with a blotch of crimson on each
of the lateral lobes, and having the tongue-like appendage
clear yellow. — Guatemala.
'Eld— Floral Mag., t. 24.
L. Skinneri vestalis, Williams. — A remarkably fine variety,
with flowers seven inches across, almost rivalling those of L.
Skinneri alba in purity of colouring. The sepals, which are
an inch and three-quarters wide, are pure white, the petals are
also white, with a faint venation of pale rose on the inner
face, and the lip is pure white, with very faint markings of
pale rose. — Guatemala.
L. Smeeana, Echb. /. — A very interesting plant, which it
has been suggested is probably a hybrid between L. Skinneri
and L. Deppei, to which latter it bears considerable resem-
blance in its pseudobulbs and manner of growth. The colour
of the flower is white, excepting the lip, which is bordered
with light purple and spotted over its entire surface. The
appendage of the lip is short, with an obscure central keel.
It was fii'st flowered by A. H. Smee, Esq., Carshalton, and
was named in compliment to him by Prof. Keichenbach. It
flowers during the autumn and winter months. — Guatemala.
MaCODES* Blume.
(Tribe Neottieffi, suhtribe Si^irantheje.)
A beautiful genus of variegated tropical Orchids, allied to
Ancectochilus, which it closely resembles, but from which it
differs in its spurless sessile lip, with a three-lobed limb, the
front lobe of which is linear spathulate. The only species is a
native of Java.
Culture. — The treatment is in every respect similar to that
oi Ancectochilus, which see.
384 oechid-grower's manual.
M. Petola, Lindleij.— One of the finest of the Ancectochiloid
group, which has the further merit of being very free-grow-
ing, and easy to increase. Of this there are two varieties,
one inferior to the other, but both of them handsome. It
grows about four inches high,
and has oval acute leaves three
inches long, and two inches
broad, the ground colour lus-
trous, and resembling light-
coloured green velvet, enriched
with well-defined netted lines
and bands of a pale or yellow-
MAC0DE3 PETOLA. ish huc, deepening to a golden
hue, and covering the whole
surface. The flowers grow in racemes, terminating an erect
scape eight to ten inches high, and are pale reddish brown
outside, whitish within. It is a very charming species, and
rare in collections. — Java ; Borneo.
'PlG.—Xenia Orch., i. t. 96, fig. 1 : Blume, Orch. Arch. Ind., t. 31, fiff.
2 ; Id., t. 36.
SYS.—Ajicectochilus Petola; Anmctochilus Veitchii; Neottia Petola.
MaSDEVALLIA, Buiz et Pavon.
{Tribe EpidendrejB, subtrihe Pleurothallese.)
Of this very interesting genus of cool Orchids, we have
many charming and beautiful species, thanks to the efforts of
our Orchid collectors. Some of the species are very distinct
and brilliant in colour, which renders them especially valuable
for decorative or exhibition purposes —we refer to such sorts
as M. Limleni, M. VeitcJdi, M. Harryana, M. Davisii, and
others, which furnish colours that add much to the brilliancy
of the display in our Orchid houses when they are in flower,
and enrich our collections by the contrast they afford to
other types of this wonderfully varied family. The plants are
tufted-growing epiphytes without pseudobulbs, but having a
creeping rhizome, from which the short one-leaved stems
grow up, the leaves being thick and leathery in texture, and
MASDEVALLIA. 385
tapered at the base into a petiole ; the peduncles which grow
up with the petioles are one or less frequently many-flowered.
The peculiar feature of their flowers is that the three sepals
are connivent into a tube, less frequently free to the base, the
points of the sepals being extended into a tail-like form, and
the petals and lip are usually small and inconspicuous. They
are natives of Tropical and Central America, more than a
hundred species having been discovered, most of them within
the last few years.
Culture. — The Masdevallias are beautiful neat-growing
plants, and should be in every collection, for they occupy
but little space, and are both free-blooming and free-growing,
provided they get the treatment they require. They were
for a long time grown in too much heat by the majority of
Orchid cultivators, but are found to grow best in the cool
house with and under the same treatment as Odontoglossums.
They should be potted in peat and sphagnum moss, with good
drainage, and always kept moist at the roots, though never
allowed to get soddened by the presence of bad soil or deficient
drainage, which is too often the case with these plants. It is
a good plan to keep live sphagnum about the roots, which not
only looks neat and pleasing to the eye, but is an index to the
sweetness of the soil beneath, and an indication that it has not
become soddened by excess of stagnant water. Thus grown
in a cool house they will produce a profusion of flowers, and
will sometimes bloom twice during the year.
Masdevallias require, however, considerable attention and
care to keep them in good order, being subject to the attacks
of the red thrips, which, if allowed to accumulate, will soon
disfigure the fohage and cause the plants to dwindle away ; it
is, therefore, necessary to keep a watchful eye to prevent the
intrusion of these pests, and to well wash the plants whenever
the first trace of them is seen. The plants should be placed
R
OOb ORCHID-GROWER S MANUAL.
as much in the light and as near the glass as possible, but
shaded from the sun, and water should be freely given to them.
M, amabilis, Rchb. /. — A very pretty species, forming
dense tufts of obovate-oblong obtuse emarginate leaves, about
five inches long, on terete channelled footstalks which ai-e
closely sheathed at the base, and one-flowered peduncles
nearly twice the height of the leaves, bearing flowers of which
the perianth tube is orange -carmine above, white tinged with
pink beneath, the lobes being of a bright rosy carmine,
the upper one triangular, terminating in an erect filiform
appendage (tail), and the side ones broader oblique ovate de-
curved, and ending in similar appendages. This is a very free-
blooming species, and although somewhat small-flowered it is
nevertheless very pretty in a mass. The figure quoted below
represents a variety which MM. Linden and Andre call M.
amabilis lineata, which has the lateral sepals marked by
three curving purple veins, meeting at the apex, and there
are also three straight purple lines on the narrower dorsal
lobe. — Peru.
¥ia.—Illust. Hort, 3 ser., 1. 196.
M. BackllOllsiaiia. — See Masdevallia Chimera Back-
HOUSIANA.
M. bella, Rchb.f. — A very beautiful and distinct species of
the Chimcera group, discovered by Mr. Wallis. The leaves
are densely tufted cuneate-oblong, with truncate bracts
sheathing the stalkless base. The flowers are produced upon
drooping peduncles, and on the inner surface are yellow, irregu-
larly and densely spotted with purphsh brown on the dorsal
sepal and the outer half of the lateral sepals, the tails being
from three to four inches long, and also of deep purplish
brown ; the base of the dorsal sepal and the interior sides of
the lateral ones are ochre yellow ; the reniform clawed lip is
pure white, and the lamina entirely covered with radiating
lamellae. The exterior surface of the flowers is of a shining
dull deep pui'ple. It flowers during the autumn months. —
New Grenada, 8,000 feet elevation.
'ElQ.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 433 ; Gard. Chron., N.S., xiii. 756, figs. 131—2 ;
Id., xvi. 236, fig. 50; £elg. Hort., 1884, t. 3.
M. Boddaertii, Linden. — This species is named after Dr.
Boddaert, of Ghent, a great enthusiast amongst Orchids. It
MASDEVALLIA. 387
was introdujced by Mr. Linden, who considered it to be a
variety of M. iijnea, but we cannot agree with him in this, as
both the foliage and flowers are more nearly akin to the old
M. coccinea. In fact we consider it may possibly be a
gigantic free-flowering form of that species, or if not, to be
very closely allied to it. The leaves are of leathery texture,
lanceolate obovate, with sheathing truncate scales at the base.
The flowers are solitary on tall peduncles, and are about two
and a half inches long by two to two and a quarter inches
broad, very flat, and of fine substance, the decurved filiform
dorsal lobe of the perianth, as well as the throat and lower
portion of the ovate acute (not tailed) lateral sepals, are yellow,
gradually passing to a bright crimson-scarlet more or less
mottled with yellow, the broader segments having three dis-
tinct crimson veins or stripes extending from the base to the
apex. It flowers in April and May. — New Grenada.
Fig.— III. Bort., 3 ser., t. 357.
Syn. — M. ignea Boddaertii,
M. Candida. — See Masdevallia tovarensis.
M. Chelsoni, RM. f. — This is, we believe, the first hybrid
Masdevallia that has been raised in this country ; it is said
to be a cross between M. Veitchli and M. amabilis. The
flowers resemble those of M. Veitchii in form, but are con-
siderably smaller and duller in colour ; the segments of the
perianth are orange, the lower ones being covered by a
number of small excrescences of a bright mauve colour ; '
take the form of two broad stripes, and give the surface a
somewhat hairy appearance. We saw a fine plant of this in
the possession of W. Lee, Esq., Downside, Leatherhead, who
has a grand collection of these gems. It blossoms in
September and October. — Garden hybrid.
M. Chimgera, Ikhh. /.—It is only lately that we have seen
the beauties of this truly wonderful Orchid, for the plant that
was first distributed for it has proved to be quite a distinct
thing, now known as M. nycterina. It is of tufted growth, as
are most of the species, the leaves being six to nine inches
high, cuneate oblong acute, narrowed to and sheathiog at the
base. The scapes bear each a solitary much expanded flower,
of which the three sepals are but slightly connate at the base,
triangular, with the ends drawn out into long slender tails,
pale ochraceous yellow, with numerous purple-violet spots,
K 2
388 OR CHID -GEO wee's MANUAL.
the margin densely fimbriate, and the whole inner surface
hispid, the tails of a deep violet-purple colour ; the petals
are cuneate oblong, slit at their apex into four wings containing
in their centre a great warty body ; the lip is slipper-shaped
with the edges denticulate.' This species, with its allies that
have drooping flowers, should be grown in baskets suspended
from the roof of the house, — New Grenada.
FiG.—Xenia Orch., ii. t. 185 ; Id,, 1. 186, fig. 1 ; Florist and Pomol, 1873,
2, with fig. ; Put/dt, Les Orch., t. 23,
M. CMmsera Backhousiaiia, Rchb. f. — This plant is very
closely allied to M. Chimcgra, and we agree with those who
consider it to be a variety of that species, Reichenbach says
it is coloured like the well-known M. Wallisii (the usual
Chimcera of gardens), but the colours are much brighter and
the flowers much larger, having also a very long narrow lip.
A variety of this plaut has been flowered by Messrs. Back-
house & Son, measuring sixteen inches across the blossom. —
Nev] Grenada.
M. COCCinea, Linden. — A charming little plant of compact
growth, with tufts of leathery oblong-obtuse dark green three-
nerved leaves, the stalk-like base somewhat terete and chan-
nelled. The peduncles are a foot high, and the flowers
solitary, the perianth with a short curved tube, which with
the upper linear- subulate sepal is rosy pink, the elliptic
falcate lower sepals of a glowing scarlet. Dr. Lindley
describes it as " a most charming thing, with flowers as red
as a soldier's coat." This little gem has often been sent to
this country, but the plants have either been dead on arrival,
or have soon died through being subjected to too great heat,
and other bad treatment. We have, however, now found out
the proper method of growing them, though it is still a rare
species. A variety of M. ignea is often sold for this plant,
but it is totally distinct from that species, the foliage being
much stouter and shorter, and the flowers larger. — Neiv
Grenada : Pamplona.
'FiG.—Gard. Chron., 1868,75, with fig. ; Id., N.S., xvi. 23fi, fig. 49; Xenia
Orch., V. t. 74, figs. 1, 2 ; Gartenflora, t. 870 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 410,
fig. 2.
M. Coliljri. — See Masdevallia Ephippium.
M. Davisii, Ptchh. /.—A very distinct species, with narrow
linear-oblanceolate keeled thick coriaceous leaves eight inches
MASDEVALLIA. 389
long, and taller scapes supporting one horizontal orange-yellow
flower, which has a subcylindraceous tube and shortly caudate
sepals, of which the upper one is smaller ovate, contracted
into a slender erect tail an inch long, and the lateral ones
are two and a half inches long, nearly parallel, ending
in a short tail a quarter of an inch long, the limb oblong ; the
small lip is linear-oblong obtuse and three-keeled. A very
valuable addition to this class of plants, its distinct colour
forming a lively contrast with those of other popular kinds. —
Peru.
'Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 6190 : Xenia Or-ch., iii., t. 203 ; Orchid Album, ii. t.
76.
Mo eleplianticeps, Bchh. f. et Warsc. — A species of bold
and striking character, having tufts of acute cuneate-spathulate
leathery leaves eight or nine inches long, and stout peduncles
a foot high, each bearing a solitary horizontal flower three to
four inches long of peculiar form, and which has been com-
pared to an elephant's head. The tubular portion of the
perianth is produced into a chin at the lower base, and with
the lower sepals is of a dark rich crimson-purple, pale purple
on the outer side, united for about one-third of their length,
the tail lobe continuations yellow on the inner surface, and
gently curving upwards ; the upper sepal, which stands
nearly parallel to the lower one, is bright yellow both inside
and out, separated much lower down, the three-cornered basal
part gradually narrowing into the yellow tail, which has a
sHght upward curve ; the small lip is obtusely rhomboid, its
front half densely papillose. The variety named pachysepala
has the tails of the sepals broader. — Neiv GrerMcla.
Fig.— Xenia Orch., i. t. 3 ; Id., t. 74, figs. 3, 4 (pachysepala) ; Flore dcs
Sevres, t. 997.
M. Ephippium, BcM. /. — A very curious species of robust
and striking character, forming a dense tuft of spathulate-
oblong three-nerved leaves a span long, and winged ancipitous
or triquetrous peduncles upwards of a foot high, bearing each
a large flower, four inches long, with the dorsal sepal small,
yellow, roundish, ending in a long reflexed yellow tail, and
the two lateral sepals reddish or chestnut brown, broad and
cj^mbiform at the base, each abruptly attenuated into a long
yellow tail ; thus there is a purplish brown pouch-like base,
with a few paler streaks, and three divergent orange-yellow
tails from three to four inches long. On the inside of the
lateral sepals are five corrugated ribs, which meet at the apex
390 orchid-grower's manual.
and form corresponding ridges on the outer surface. The
colours of the flowers are said to have a bluish metallic lustre,
like the plumage of some of the humming birds. This plant
s extremely rare. — New Grenada : Antioquia.
Fig.— Xenia Orch., ii. t, 195 ; Bot. Mag., t. 6208 ; III. Hort., 3 ser., 1. 180 ;
Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 443.
Stn.— J;/. Trochilus, M. Colibri.
M. Estradse, Rchh. f. — A dwarf and exceedingly pretty
profuse-blooming species. Its densely-tufted leaves are eUiptie
oblong or spathulate, obtuse or bifid, coriaceous in texture, deep
green, about four inches long including the petioles. The scapes
are erect, slender, single-flowered ; the sepals are combined
at the base into a short campanulate tube, with a spreading
limb, nearly equal in size, the dorsal one oblong boat-shaped,
half an inch long, yellow in the lower and violet-purple in the
upper half, suddenly contracted into a yellow filiform tail an
inch long ; the lateral sepals are similar, but flatter, violet-
purple below and whitish above, each ending in a filiform
tail. The general efi"ect of the plant is very pleasing. It was
first observed in the garden of Dona Estrada, a lady of New
Grenada, who is described as a skilful grower of Orchids. —
New Grenada.
YlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6171.
M. Harryana, BcM. f. — A free-growing and very hand-
some species, which in its habit of growth resembles M. Lin-
deni, of which it is sometimes regarded as a variety, differing
in its colouring. It forms thick tufts of long-stalked nar-
rowly obovate-spathulate leathery leaves, eight or ten inches
long, and flowers of the richest blood-crimson on scapes
somewhat taller than the leaves. It is one of the handsomest
and most distinct species of this genus. The flowers are
three inches long, the sepals connate below into a decurved
subcylindrical tube, which is yellow, as is the throat, the
dorsal sepal crimson, filiform from a small triangular base
two inches long, the lateral ones nearly an inch wide, and
about two inches long, flat, semiovate, attenuate but not cau-
date at the apex, all of the richest blood-red suffused with
magenta. There are many varieties, varying in colour, in
shape, and in the size of the flowers. — New Grenada.
YiG.— Florist and Pom., 1873, 169, with tab. ; Belg. Hort., 1873, t. 21 ;
Jllust. Hort., 3 ser., 1. 142 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5990 (as Lindeni) ; Flore des Serves,
t. 2250 ; Floral Mag., t. 655 (tube green) ; Id., 2 ser., t. 410, fig. 3.
MASDEVALLIA. 891
M. Harryaiia atrosanguinea, Williams. — This variety is the
darkest form of M. Harri/ana we have yet met with, having
richly coloured handsome flowers of large size, the lateral
sepals being nearly an inch wide, of a rich glowing crimson
flushed with magenta. The points of the lateral sepals are
falcate-lanceolate, so that they turn inwards, and nearly meet
at the point. — Neic Grenada.
YiG.—Orchid Album, iii. t. 105.
M. Harryana coerulesceiis, Hort. — The flowers of this
variety are very large and of fine substance, the two lower
sepals having together almost a circular outline, and measuring
across the centre two and a half inches ; these lateral sepals
are broadly semiovate and apiculate, and of a rich magenta-
crimson, flushed with bluish purple. — New Grenada.
¥lG.— Orchid Album, i. t. 24.
M. Harryana Denisoniana, Hort. — This is undoubtedly one
of the largest and richest-coloured forms of the group of
varieties to which the name of M. Harryana is applied. The
lateral sepals are very broad and have each a short acute
subulate point, which is turned inwards almost horizontally.
The colour is the deepest blood-crimson flushed with magenta.
This plant is often found in collections under the name of the
Bull's- blood variety of M. Harryana, but after making many
comparisons between the two we have always found them to
be the same. It is certainly one of the most distinct varieties
of this beautiful species, and should be found in every col-
lection.— New Grenada.
¥iG.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 79.
Syn. — J/. Denisoni.
M. Harryana grandiflora, Williams. — This is the largest
form of M. Harryana we have seen. It has a fine and well-
rounded form with flowers of a bright magenta- crimson, about
three inches long by two and three-quarter inches broad, and
having the tips of the lateral sepals turned inwards in a hori-
zontal fashion. — Nexc Grenada.
M. Harryana Iseta, Bchh. f. — A very distinct and beautiful
variety, having large bright rosy purple flowers. It is very
peculiar in shape, being much narrowed at the upper part of
the flower, and having the margins slightly undulated. This
variety is more distinctly striped than are many of the forms.
— New Grenada.
6i)Z OECHID-GROWEE S MANUAL.
M. Harryana lilacina, Williams. — A very delicate-coloured
and beautiful form, having broad almost circular flowers of a
bright rosy lilac colour, which is quite distinct from that of
any other variety known to us. — Neiv Grenada.
M. Harryana miniata, Williams and Moore. — Although
M. Harryana varies as much as any Orchid we know of, we
had no suspicion or hope that a scarlet-flowered variety would
ever present itself. Great was our surprise, therefore, when
visiting the collection of W. Lee, Esq., Downside, Leather-
head, in the summer of 1883, to find a beautiful vermilion-
coloured form of this plant. We subsequently met with the
same variety in the collection of R. Warner, Esq., Chelmsford.
In this form the flowers are of the full average size, the lateral
sepals being fully two inches long and one inch wide, of a
bright vermilion-red flushed with scarlet, the principal ribs
being marked out with rich crimson lines, and the yellow
eye being very distinct. It is a bright-looking and attractive
variety of surpassing beauty. — New Grenada.
Fig. — Orchid Album, iii. t. 110.
M. Harryana sanguinea, Hort. — A distinct and handsome
form, having large brilliantly-coloured flowers of a reddish
crimson, flushed with orange. — New Grenada.
M. Harryana Splendens, Hort. — A very high-coloured and
beautiful variety, having broad finely-shaped flowers of an
intense mauve-magenta, the veins being distinctly marked
with rich crimson. — New Grenada.
M. Harryana versicolor, Moore. — This is the most distinctly
marked variety we have yet met with. The flowers are large,
almost circular, and enhvened by a deep yellow eye ; the
lateral sepals have a ground colour of bright magenta,
variously marked with rich maroon-crimson : in some in-
stances the markings take the form of a conspicuous band on
each of the outer margins, in other cases they consist of
blotches of irregular outline variously distributed on the
surface. This fine variety was first noted among the choice
Orchids cultivated in the ducal gardens at Trentham, and we
have also seen it in the grand collection of Sir Trevor Law-
rence, Bart., M.P., Burford Lodge, Dorking. — New Grenada.
M. Houtteana, Bchh. f. — A distinct and free-flowering spe-
cies of a very pleasing character. It forms dense tufts of
MASDEVALLIA.
393
linear -lanceolate acute leaves, wliich are from ten to twelve
inches in length by about a quarter of an inch in breadth, thin
in texture, carinate below, and of a light green colour. The
scape is about half the length of the leaves, single -flowered ;
the flowers about an inch across, with broad semiovate-trian-
gular spreading sepals of a creamy white profusely spotted
with blood-red, the point of each sepal being extended into a
terete tail-like point of the same blood-red colour as the spots,
and measuring from two to three inches in length. It has
been exhibited under the name of M. amabilis. — Venezuela,
elevation 8,000 feet.
Fig,.— Flore des Serves, t. 2106.
M. ignea, Rchh. f. — A very handsome and distinct species,
with tufts of elliptic obtuse leathery long-stalked leaves,
about six inches high, and taller graceful scapes, bearing
large horizontal decurved flowers, fully two inches long,
with a curved subcylindrical tube, the dorsal sepal subulate
from a broadish base, deflexed between the elliptic-oblong
lateral ones, the colour a bright cinnabar red inside, the
three nerves on each sepal marked by deeper crimson lines.
There are several varieties of this species, varying in size
and in the colour of their flowers. This plant, when well
grown, forms a most beautiful object, the colour being so dis-
tinct. We saw a splendid specimen of it, bearing over
forty flowers, in Baron Schroder's collection at Staines in
the month of January, 1884. — New Grenada.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5962; Florist and Pom., 1873, 169, witli tab. ; lllust.
Bort, 3 ser., t. 333; Gard. Ckron., 1872, 545, fig. 149; Id., N.S., xvi. 305,
fig. 57; Orchid Album, ii. t. 62 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 15.
M. ignea aurantiaca, Williams. — A distinct variety, having
bright orange-coloured flowers veined with vermilion. This
forms a nice companion to the other forms of the type, being
unique in colour, — New Grenada.
M. ignea Massangeana, Williams. — A large-flowered and
distinct kind, having bright orange-vermilion coloured
flowers, flushed with rosy purple. This variety was named
in honour of M. Massange, Chateau de Baillonville, Marche,
Belgium. — New Grenada.
M. ignea grandiflora, Williams. — A very large and hand-
some variety, having circular flowers of great substance ;
the lateral sepals are bright vermilion lined with crimson
and sufi'used with purple. — New Grenada.
894
OKCHID-GROWER S MANUAL.
M. inseqiialis, Rchb.f. — This, although one of the smaller-
flowered species, is nevertheless extremely pretty. It is
allied to M. triangularis, and like that has thin-textured
flowers. The leaves are of the usual character. The flowers
have a somewhat cup-shaped tube, and well-expanded sepals,
ornamented with three slender tails upwards of an inch in
length, the ground colour being yellowish white prettily
spotted with purple. It is a desirable species for basket
culture. — New Grenada.
M. Lindeni, Andre. — A very handsome and brilliant species,
evidently closely related to M. Harryana, as some of the
varieties run so near to that species as to be scarcely dis-
MASDEVALLIA LINDENI.
MASDEVALLIA MACRURA.
MASDEVALLIA,
395
tinguishable therefrom. Like its allies it has tufts of oblong-
lanceolate obtuse or emarginate leaves, tapered below, and
solitary flowers on scapes taller than the leaves, of a rich
magenta- purple, the short curved tube and throat being white.
The flowers of this species are not so large as those of some
forms of the allied M. Harryana, but their distinct and briUiant
colour renders the plant a very conspicuous object in a col-
lection or group. The plant figured under this name in the
Botanical Magazine is M. Harryana. — Neic Grenada.
Fia.—Illust. Horf., 3 ser., t. 42 ; Jennings, Orch., 1. 17; Floral Mag., 2 ser.,
t. 28; Id., t. 410, fig. 1 ; Gard. Chron.', N.S. i., 385, fig. 85; Id., xvi. 336,
fig. 62 ; Florist and Pom., 1873, 169, with tab.
M. macrura, Rchh. f. — A very rare and stately-growing
species, producing tufts of unusually large stout coriaceous
bluntly oblong glossy leaves, from two to three inches in
breadth, the scapes bearing solitary flowers, which have a
broad short perianth divided into an upper and lower lip ; the
former corresponding with the dorsal sepal has a triangular
base extending into a stout tail, while the lower lip formed of
the lateral sepals is somewhat larger, but parted so as to form
two tails ; the broader parts of the sepals are light reddish
brown, marked with dark purple-brown streaks and spots,
the tails, which are from four to six inches in length, being
yellow. The principal nerves of the interior of the flowers
are quite prominent, and covered with numerous blunt
warts. — 'New Grenada.
'Fig.— Gard. Chron., N.S., vii. 12, fig. 2 ; Id., xvi. 336, fig. 65.
M. maculata, Elotzsch and Karst. — A remarkable species
of this very remarkable genus, of stoutish habit, producing
tufts of oblong spathulate leaves, narrowed to the base, and
solitary horizontal flowers, which have a cylindrical tube, of
which the upper side is yellow, the subulate dorsal sepal
being of the same colour, and fully tliree inches long, while
the lower side of the tube is rich purple-brown, which colour
is continued on the two lanceolate lateral sepals, the subulate
tails of which are as long as that of the dorsal sepal, and
green for fully two-thirds of their length. — Caracas,
Fig.— Flore des Serres, t. 2150.
M. militaris, Rchh. f. and Warsc. — As there seems to be
some confusion respecting this species, we feel we cannot do
better than give Professor Reichenbach's description, taken
from the Gardeners' Chronicle (n.s., xiii. 742) : " It was
39d okchid-growee s manual.
called, from its flowers reminding one of English soldiers'
jackets, Masdevallia militaris ; and the next critical species is
Masdevallia ignea, with its dazzling flowers. It is very easily
recognised by its exceedingly stiff dark green leaf, of great
substance, standing on a petiole shorter than the blade, by a
thicker peduncle, a much wider flower-tube, and a wider limb,
the first yellow, the limb cinnabarine, now partly yellow ; the
lip is much broader and shorter. The plant does not flower
very readily, while M. ignea, with its much broader and
longer, lighter green, thinner long-stalked leaves and much
less wide flowers gives a profusion of bloom. It was origin-
ally discovered by the late V. Warscewicz." — New Grenada.
M. nycterina, Bchb. f. — A very curious species of the
ChimcBra group, and one which was originally figured and sent
out for that species by M. Linden ; it, however, proves to be
not only distinct from but altogether inferior to it in its
grotesque beauty. The plant is of moderately strong growth,
with oblanceolate leaves, keeled behind and tapered to the base.
The scapes, which each bear one blossom, are much shorter
than the leaves, and spread out horizontally ; the flowers have
a short slender dark purple tube, and three sepals, which
together form a triangular limb about two inches deep, each
being continued into a subulate tail about two inches long, so
that the expanse of the flower from tip to tip of the opposite
tails is about six inches ; the colour of the broader parts is a
pale buff-yellow, beautifully blotched and spotted with purple-
brown, the whole of the surface being also covered with minute
hairs, and the tails are wholly of the same purple-brown tint as
the spots. The lip. which in these plants is seldom conspicuous,
is here larger than usual, and forms rather a prominent object
in the centre of the flower, having a buff strap -shaped claw
and an incurved sacciform white limb. This species forms a
very interesting subject for a basket, as the flowers are pro-
duced horizontally from the base of the plant. — New Grenada.
Fig.— lUust. Hort.. 3 ser., tt. 117, 118 (as Chimsera); Floral Mag., 2ser., t.
150 ; Gard. Chron., N.S., i. 639, fig. 134; Id., xvi. 336, fig. 64.
M. polysticta, Rchh. f. — A very pretty free-blooming species
of the racemose-flowered group. The plants form a dense
tuft of spathulate-oblanceolate obtuse or retuse three-nerved
leaves, and produce numerous scapes taller than the leaves,
each bearing a raceme of from six to eight flowers, which are
of a very pale lilac, almost white, and speckled all over with
MASDEVALLIA. 397
purple, the filiform tails, 'which are about an inch long, being
olivaceous spotted with purple. In form the flowers have a
short tube, an ovate cymbiform dorsal sepal, and narrower
obliquely oblong lateral sepals, all of which are ciliolate at
the edge. — Northern Peru.
Fie. — Bot. Mag., t. 6368 (not t. 6258, which is M. melanopus) ; TUmsI.
Eort., 3 ser., t. 198 ; Gartenflora, t. 869 ; Rev. Hort., 1880, 250^ with tab. ;
Gard, Chron., N.s,, iii. 667, tig. 134.
M. radiosa, Bchh. /. — A pretty little species, with flowers
in the way of those of M. Cliimm-a, but only about two-fifths
of their size. The inner surface of the flower is blackish
purple, being densely covered with blackish warts on a purple
ground, and the tails are almost black ; the lip is white. It
was discovered by Mr. Wallis. — New Grenada : Frontina.
M. ReiclienhachiaiLa, Endres. — A distinct and free-flowering
species, which when discovered by the late Mr. Endres, was
named by him after his friend Professor Reichenbach. The
plant is similar in the outline of its flowers to M. coriacea. It
is of densely tufted habit, with narrowly spathulate carinate
leaves, and an angular three-flowered scape, which somewhat
exceeds the leaves. The flowers are thin in texture, two
inches long, and have a funnel-shaped tube very narrow at
the base, the dorsal sepal triangular caudate, the lateral
sepals elongate triangular, with short slender tails ; they are
yellowish white with a blood-red blotch on the posterior part
in the typical form, in other varieties with radiating blood-
red lines, or a nearly black blotch. — Costa Rica.
M. Eoezlii, Bchh. f. — An interesting species, whose flowers
resemble those of M. ChimcBra both in their triangular outline
and their dark purplish brown colour. The leaves are oblong
ligulate. The flowers are produced singly on the scape,
which has the peculiarity, as is usual in the group [jide
Echb.), of developing blossoms in succession, though only
after a considerable interval ; the perianth is spread out
nearly flat, the sepals, which are only connate at the very
base, having an oblong limb extended at the apex into an
entire linear-filiform tail about two inches long ; the small
ligulate bilobed petals and broadly saccate lip occupy the
centre, the latter being entire at the edge with the front
inflexed, and having down the centre three longitudinal nerves
and several transverse nervilles on each side. The colour of
the flower is a fine deep blackish purple, with still darker warts
byb ORCHID-GROWEE S MANUAl,.
near the margin, the disk pale and somewhat tessellated ; the
petals and lip are light mauve, the former having beautiful
dark eye blotches. — Neiv Grenada.
Fig.— Xenia Orch., ii. 1. 186, fig. 2.
M. Roezlii rill)riim, Hort. — A handsome and brighter-
coloured form of M. Roezlii, with erect flower scapes six to
eight inches long, and large widespread flowers, the three
triangular sepals being only connate at the very base, each
tipped by a chocolate-red tail three or four inches long ; the
general colour of the flower is a creamy yellow, mottled with
dark chocolate-red, and the inner surface is scabrous. The
petals are narrow, round at top, pale fawn with a purple
spot near the end, and the lip is yellowish, tongue-shaped,
roundish-oblong in front, with inflexed edges. — New Grenada.
M, rosea, Lindley. — Although described loug since it was
not until 1880 that this species was introduced into cultiva-
tion. It is a dwarf-growing plant, producing its flowers in
MASDEVALLIA ROSEA.
great profusion, and for cultivators ofi'ers altogether a new
and distinct type. The plant is of tufted habit, like the rest ;
its leaves are elliptic acute and long-stalked, and its scapes are
longer than the leaves, bringing the flowers well up into view.
MASDEVAL
MASDEVALLIA. 399
They have a cylindrical tube an inch long, which is deep
crimson-purple above and rosy lilac beneath ; the dorsal
sepal is filiform, two and a half inches long, bent down closely
over the lateral ones, which are semiovate, with an attenuated
point as long as the dorsal one, and of a bright rose colour,
the attenuated tail-like portion being crimson-purple. — Peru.
Fig.— Gard. Chron., N.S., siii. 681, figs. 117, 118 ; Id., xvi. 337, fig. 63.
M. ScMimii, Linden. — A very rare and distinct species, pro-
ducing as many as from six to eight secund long-stalked flowers
on a tall scape, each flower issuing from a bluntish sheathing
bract. The plant is of stoutish habit, the stalked oblong
leaves narrowed to the base being a foot long and three inches
broad. The flowers are handsome and dissimilar ; the dorsal
sepal is considerably smaller than the others, with a triangular
base, soon narrowing into the thickish tail ; the lateral ones
are more oblong, suddenly narrowing into tails of about two
inches long. The colour is a reddish brown, with yellow tails
and dorsal sepal ; on closer inspection the inner and upper
part of the lateral sepals may be seen to be also yellow, but
covered with innumerable small reddish brown spots, while
the petals are white, and the lip yellowish spotted over with
reddish brown. It flowers during the winter months —
November to February in its wild habitats — and was first
flowered by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P. — Colombia :
Merida.
'FiG.—Gard. Chron., N.S., xix. 532, fig. 80.
M. SMttlewortMi, Bchb. f. — A very free-flowering and
beautiful species, with tufts of elHptic-oblong subacute three
to five-nerved leaves about four to five inches high, and scapes
of nearly the same height, bearing each a comparatively large
flower, which has a very short gibbous tube, and a suberect
somewhat hooded dorsal sepal of a pale yellowish colour tinted
with pale rosy red, and marked with several wine-coloured
nerves, the obliquely ovate decurved lateral sepals rose-
coloured, thickly studded with deep reddish purple spots ; all
three sepals are contracted, the dorsal one suddenly, and the
lateral ones more gradually into tails about three times their
own length, which are green at the base, changing to orange-
yellow towards the tips. It blossoms during the spring and
summer months. — United States of Colombia.
Fig.— Orchid Album, i. t. 5 ; Bot, Mac/., t. 6372.
400 okchid-gkower's manual.
M. tovarensis, Rchb. f. — This is a very distinct species,
easy of culture, and much sought after on account of its pro-
ducing a profusion of white flowers, which are invaluable as
cut flowers for many decorative purposes. The plant, more-
over, lasts a long time in bloom, and thus makes up, with its
modest beauty, for any deficiency that might be suggested
through comparing it with larger-flowered and more attrac-
tively coloured sorts. It forms a tuft of oblong-spathulate
bidentate leaves a span long, and has two-edged scapes of about
the same height, bearing flowers of the purest white, in which
the sepals coalesce into a short tube, the dorsal one gradually
tapered into an awn-like tail nearly two inches long, and
the lateral ones are longer, semiovate, an inch long, suddenly
narrowed into a tail of about equal length, the tails all
greenish white. The flowers are sweet-scented, and generally
grow in pairs. This plant was at one time extremely rare,
but it has been imported in such quantity that it can now
be purchased at a very moderate cost. It flowers during the
winter months. — Colombia.
YlG.—Bot Mag., t. 5505 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PI., 1. 120 ; lllust. Hort.,
3 ser., t. 363 ; Card. Chron., 1865, 914, with fig. ; Id., xvi. 409, fig. 79 B ;
Puydt, Les Orch., t. 24 ; Journ. of Sort., 3 ser., x. 153, fig. 27 (specimen
plant) ; Florist and Pomol., 1873, 169, with tab.
Syn. — M. Candida.
M. triangularis, Lindley. — A curious and interesting little
species. The leaves are oval-lanceolate acute, four inches
long, the scape filiform, the flowers spreading, with the sepals
equal triangular, scarcely two inches long, ochre yellow dotted
with purple, the long slender tails deep red. It flowers in
December. — Colombia.
M. Trocllilus. — See Masdevallia Ephippium.
M. VeitcMana, JRchb. f. — A most beautiful species, with
flowers of resplendent colour. The leaves are densely tufted,
six or eight inches long, linear-oblong, leathery, of a dark
shining green ; the scape bears a solitary flower about six
inches across in its longest diameter, the sepals connate into
a tube at the base, ovate, the lateral ones oblique, and each
lengthened out into a tail at the points ; they are of a bright
orange- scarlet, exceeding rich from the inner surface being
studded with minute papillae of a brilliant cadmium-yellow,
and also beautifully shaded with purple ; the eye or mouth
of the tube is bright yellow, and contains the small and
MASDEVALLIA TOVARENSIS.
MASDEVALLIA VEITGHII.
MASDEVAIiLIA.
401
MASDEVALLIA
unattractive petals and lip. This noble species blooms
usually during the autumn months, lasting long in perfection,
but sometimes also flowers in April and
May ; it requires very cool treatment. —
High Mountains of Peru.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5739 ; Flore des Serres, t.
1803 ; Floral 3Iag., t. 481 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PL,
ii. t. 33; Garcl. Chron., 1871, 1421, fig. 310; Id.,
xvi. 409, fig. 79 A ; Fuydt, Les Orch., t. 25 ; Florist
and Pom., 1873, 169, with tab.
M. Yeitchiana grandiflora, Williams. —
A very large-flowered and handsome va-
riety, producing flowers from five to seven
inches in length, of great substance, and
of a bright orange- scarlet colour deeply
shaded with purple. We first saw this veitchiana^
grand form in the collection of His Koyal
Highness the Prince of Wales at Sandringham. It flowers
during the summer months.— Pent.
M. Wageneriana, Linden. — This is truly a pigmy Orchid,
the whole plant not growing more than two or three inches
high. . It has the same tufted habit as the rest of the genus,
with spathulate obtuse coriaceous leaves, and filiform scapes
of about equal length, bearing each one flower, which has a
short cup-shaped tube, formed by the united bases of the
three broad ovate sepals, which are yellow, the dorsal one
clouded with chestnut red inside, and the lateral ones
minutely dotted ; the fleshy recurved deeply toothed hook-
pointed lip, which is dotted over with red-brown, is a beautiful
object when seen through a magnifying glass. — Venezuela.
Fig.— Xewia Orch., i. t. 75, fig. 2 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard., iii. 74, fig. 267 ; Bot.
Mag., t. 4921.
M. Wallisii, Hort. — A very interesting plant, which has
hitherto in most collections represented the grotesque but
withal handsome M. Chimm-a. The plant has narrowly ob-
lanceolate acute leaves, narrowed to the base, six to nine
inches high, and sheathed at the base. The flower scapes
are shorter than the leaves, decurved at top, bracteate, each
bearing a solitary flower, which measures eight inches from
tip to tip of the dorsal and lateral sepals, and are of a yellowish
ochre colour, with deep purplish red markings, the perianth
tube shortly campanulate, the broadly obovate sepals densely
402 okchtd-geower's manual.
fringed, clad on the interior surface with long hairs, and
terminating in long purple-red tails. — Neiv Grenada.
Fig.— 5o<. Mag., t. 6152; Rev. Eort., 1881, 130, with tab,; Floral Mag.,
2 ser,, t. 149 ; Gard. Chron., N.S., iii. 41, fig. 5.
M. "Wallisii Stupenda, Rchb.f. — This is a remarkably fine
variety, the finest of the group yet seen, on account of the
breadth of the triangular surface of its sepals, and its rich
colouring. The tails are chocolate-coloured, and the same
colour occurs at the apex on the outside of the triangular
part, mostly on the upper sepal. The colour of the interior
is light sulphur, with some large chocolate-coloured spots
over the triangular parts, the inner surface being hairy and
the margins fringed. The disk around the internal organs is
orange, and at each side of the petals stands a white cushion-
like body covered with numerous scarlet spots. It blossoms
during the winter months. It has been flowered by Sir
Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P. — New Grenada.
M. xantllilia, BM. f. — A curious little plant in the way
of M. Wageneriana, but stronger in its growth, and with
larger and more attractive flowers. The leaves are cuneate-
oblong, and the flowers with scarcely any tube, the three
sepals spreading, the dorsal one oblong ligulate, galeate, and
extended into a longish tail, the dorsal ones somewhat
narrower ; the colour is a bright yellow with a dark violet
blotch at the base of the lateral sepals. — Colombia.
MaxiLLAEIA, Ruiz et Pavofi.
(Tribe Vandese, subtribe Maxillariese.)
This a large genus of Orchids, numbering over a hundred,
but many of them, on account of the small size of their flowers,
are not worthy of cultivation as decorative plants. Those
we have enumerated are, however, plants of some character,
and deserving a place in collections. Some of them are
pseudobulbous, in which case the one-flowered scapes proceed
from the base of the bulbs, and others form a stem with
dense distichous leaves, these bearing the solitary flowers in
the axils of the leaves. The genus has been much diminished
MAXIIiLAKlA.
403
by the separation of Lycaste, Colax, Promencea, Bifrmaria,
and others, though still containing numerous species.
Culture. — These plants are all of evergreen habit, and can
be grown in the cool house with Odontoglossums. They
succeed best grown in pots, in a mixture of peat and moss,
and require a liberal supply of water during their growing
season, the amount being reduced during the period of rest,
when only just sufficient to keep them in a plump state should
be given them.
M. grandiflora, Lindley. — A handsome species, with the
aspect of a Lycaste. The pseudobulbs are depressed ovate,
two-edged, and of a deep green colour ; the erect ovate-
oblong leaves are also dark green, and about a foot long ;
and the flowers are produced singly on bracteate scapes about
six inches in length ; the lateral sepals having a spread of
about three and a half inches. The oblong-acute sepals and
shorter petals are pure white, the lip pouched, dark purple at
the sides, the triangular middle lobe yellow in front, white
towards the base. A very desirable plant, blooming during
autumn, the flowers deliciously fragrant. This fine plant
enjoys a very cool atmosphere ; indeed, to succeed with it,
the coolest end of the Odontoglossuin house should be selected
for its reception, and the atmosphere kept very moist. —
Peru ; Culomhia.
¥iG.—IUust. Eort., 3 ser., t. 14 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 322 ; Eumh. and
Kunth, Nov. Gen., i. t. 88 (Dendrobium grandiflorum).
Stn. — Dendrobium grandiflorum,
M. luteo-alba, Lindley. — This is a very striking plant when
in blossom, both on account of the peculiar tawny colour
and the triangular form of its flowers. The pseudobulbs are
ovate compressed, something like those of M. venusta, and
the solitary leaves are long and broad, and grow to the height
of eighteen inches. The large flowers, which are developed
at di0"erent times of the year, proceed from the side of the
bulbs, and have three linear-oblong sepals three inches long,
of a tawny yellow in the upper two-thirds, creamy white in
the lower portion, and brownish externally, the three spread-
ing out triangle-wise, and the two lower ones being twisted ;
the petals are about half as long as the sepals, white at the
404 orchid-gkower's manual.
base, brown about the centre, and yellow at the tip, while
the short three-lobecl lip is recurved, yellow with paler edges
in front, and the side lobes erect, striped with purple. — New
Grenada.
:Fig.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 106.
MAXILLARIA LUTEO-ALBA.
M. nigrescens, Lindley. — A very curious and distinct
species, with oval compressed pseudobulbs, bearing a solitary
oblong-Ugulate dark green coriaceous leaf, and producing its
flowers singly on erect peduncles. The sepals and petals
are spreading, port-wine colour, the lip of the same colour,
but stained in addition with dull purple. It blooms at
various times of the year, and should be grown in the cool
house. — New Grenada.
Syn. — M. rubrofusca.
M. SpleMens, Poepp. et Endl. — A very handsome plant,
deserving a place in every collection ; in growth it is some-
thing like M. venusta, but more robust. It has oval anci-
pitous pseudobulbs, solitary long linear leaves, attenuated at
the base, obliquely bidentate at the apex, and rather large
MESOSPINIDIUM. 405
flowers on one-flowered fascicled scapes, the sepals and petals
being unspotted white, and the lip orange, margined with
rose. — Peru.
Fig.— Pcepp. ei End!., Nov. Gen. et Sp., i. t, 66.
M. Turneri, Hort. — A very distinct and pretty species, with
short pseudobulbs, long broad leaves a foot high of a very dark
green colour, and flowers of a rich cinnamon-brown and
crimson, with a delicious fragrance ; it blooms in May in
great profusion, and continues a long time in perfection. —
South America.
M, venusta, Linden et Rchh. f. — This plant is one of the
best of the genus, of easy culture, blooming at different times
in the year, and continuing for three or four weeks in perfec-
tion. It has bluntly oblong compressed pseudobulbs, bearing
at the top a pair of broad oblong-lanceolate leaves, nearly a
foot high, and producing from their base the one-flowered
red bracteate scapes, which are much shorter than the leaves,
and bear a large showy somewhat nodding white flower, with
the front lobe of the lip yellow, the edges of the lateral lobes
crimson, and two crimson spots on the disk, where also is a
great roundish tomentose callus ; the sepals and petals are all
spreading and attenuately acuminate at the apex, the sepals
being nearly or quite three inches long. There are two
varieties of this species, one having the flowers superior in
being larger and more pure in colour than the other. — Neiv
Grenada : Ocana.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t, 5296 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PL, t. 118 ; Pescatorea,
t. 38.
MeSOSPIHIDIUM, Reichenhach Jil.
(Tribe Vandese, subtribe Oncidiese.)
A small group of cool house Orchids, closely allied to
Odontoglosswn, with which Bentham unites them. Reichen-
hach attributes to it a somewhat fleshy partially expanded
perianth, connate lateral sepals subsaccate at the base forming a
very short chin, a pair of lamellae at the base of the lip, and
a semiterete column deeply excavated in front, the anther bed
with a descending border and a bicuspidate rostellum. The
406
ORCHID-GROWER S MANUAL.
sepals are however only united at the extreme base to form
the very short mentum in M. vulcanicum. The species are
natives of the Peruvian Andes.
Culture. — The plants of this genus are evergreens, requiring
cool treatment, and are best grown in baskets suspended from
the roof, as they produce drooping spikes of flower from the
sides of the pseudobulbs. They should be placed in a com-
post of peat and moss, giving them a liberal supply of water
during the growing season. They are propagated by dividing
the pseudobulbs.
M. sangumeuin, Rchb. f. — This very pretty plant, though
known long since, was not brought in a living state to this
country until a few years ago. In habit it resembles the smaller
MESOSPINIDITJM SANGTTINETJM.
Odontofjlossums. The pseudobulbs are oval compressed,
clouded with prettily mottled bands of brown, and bearing
two cuneate ligulate leaves. The flowers come in slender
MICROSTYLIS. 407
drooping slightly branched racemes, which spring from the
base of the bulbs, and bear numerous flowers of a beautiful
waxy appearance, bright rose in colour, and produced in
summer and autumn, lasting several weeks in perfection. —
Peru ; Ecuador.
'Em.—Bot. Mag., t. 5627 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PL, t. 196.
M. vulcanicum, Rchb. f. — A very pretty species, differing
from M. sangidneum in having erect instead of drooping
flower spikes. The pseudobulbs are ovoid, compressed, and
more or less two-edged, with oblong keeled bluntish leaves
three to five inches long, and unilateral racemes of flowers on
a slender erect peduncle, the flowers about two inches across,
of a dark bright rose colour, from twelve to twenty on a spike,
and producing a charming effect since they remain in full
beauty for a considerable time ; the lip, which is three-lobed,
the side lobes roundish and the middle one emarginate, is
in the front part of the same bright rose as the sepals and
petals, but becomes paler on the disk, where there is a
four-keeled callus. — Eastern Peru.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6001.
MiCEOSTYLIS, Niittall.
{Tribe Epidendreae, subtribe Malaxese.)
A genus of terrestrial Orchids of dwarf habit, sometimes
pseudobulbous, the stems bearing near the base several hand-
somely coloured plicate leaves, and terminating in a spike of
very small flowers. There are many species known, and they
are widely dispersed in Europe, Asia, and America ; but those
in cultivation are mostly tropical, and deserve a place with the
Ancectochili, being all interesting to those who desire to have
a general collection.
Culture. — The same as that of Anaictochilus, which see.
M. calopliylla, Rchb. f. — A distinct and handsome species,
with ornamental foliage. The leaves are oval lanceolate
acuminate, prettily undulated, four to six inches long, two
to two and a half inches broad, greenish brown in the centre,
and having a broad margin of pale greyish green, which is
408 orchid-grower's manual.
prettily spotted over its entire surface witli the same colour
as the centre of the leaf, the under surface pale green.
Flowers small, yellowish. — Malaya; Java.
M. cMorophrys, Rchb. f. — This is a most desirable species,
with foliage of a very distinct character. The leaves are
elongate elliptic acute, with neatly undulated mai-gins, the
upper surface of a purplish brown colour, bordered with light
green, and the under surface light purple. The flowers are
purple with an orange-coloured lip. — Borneo.
M. discolor, Lindley. — This is the prettiest of the species
of this curious family yet in cultivation. It is a terrestrial
plant, with clustered stems eight or ten inches high, which
are leafy above, the broadish leaves, which are ovate oblong
with a sheathing petiole, being plaited, of a deep reddish
purple, with an elegantly crisped green border, and terminate
in a short upright spike or raceme of small crowded flowers,
which are at first yellow and change to orange-colour. —
Ceylon.
'ElGr.—Bot. Mag., t. 5403 ; Wight, Icon. PI. Ind. Or., t. 1631.
M. metallica, Bchb. /. — An extremely attractive little plant,
six or eight inches high, with richly-coloured foliage, which is
elliptic acute plicate, slightly undulated at the margin, and of
a dark glossy purple above, tinged with light rose colour
beneath. The diminutive flowers are rosy purple, on erect
spikes, and have very narrow sepals and petals, and an
obovate pink lip, sagittate at the base. — Borneo.
'ElG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6668 ; Belg. Hort., 1884, t. 14, fig. 1.
M. purpurea, Lindley. — A fine species, with broadly ovate
leaves four to five inches long and two inches or more broad,
very much undulated, the upper surface of the leaves of a
dark metallic crimson colour, the under surface and petioles
of a pale reddish metallic grey. The flowers are yellowish
purple. — Ceylon.
MiLTONIA, Lindley.
{Tribe Vandese, subtribe Oncidieae.)
This genus includes several beautiful Orchids. They are
all of evergreen habit, and compact in growth, and for the
most part produce light green foliage which sometimes has a
MILTONIA. 409
very yellow appearance, but no notice should be taken of this
as it is natural to them. The pseudobulbs are short, bearing
two or three leaves each, and the flower-scapes, usually one
or two-flowered, are produced from the sides of the bulbs.
The lip is sessile at the base of the column, and is broad
spreading and undivided ; otherwise they come near to
Oncidium. There are nearly a dozen admitted species, which
with one exception (Peruvian) are natives of Brazil.
Culture. — Some of the species of Miltonia require treat-
ment different from the others, as will be mentioned when
treating them individually. They will succeed in the Cattleya
house or the cool end of the East India house. The most of
them require to be grown in pots, in peat and moss, with
good drainage ; and they like a liberal supply of water
during the growing season, and to occupy the shadiest part of
the house. Propagation is effected by dividing the pseudo-
bulbs at the time when they begin to grow.
M. Blimtii, Echb.f.—A very distinct plant — a lovely and
elegant thing, as Eeichenbach calls it, and which he has
named after its discoverer. The plant was exhibited by
W. Lee, Esq., Downside, Leatherhead, at the Eoyal Hor-
ticultural Society's meeting in October, 1883. In growth
and habit it resembles M. spectahilis, between which and
M. Clowesii it is supposed to be a natural mule. The flowers
are as large as those of i)/. spectahilis, with lanceolate acute
sepals and oblong-lanceolate less acute petals, both creamy
white, with some large brownish lilac or cinnamon-purple
blotches chiefly in the centre; the lip, which is oblong-obovate
obtuse or subpandurate, like that of ill. spectahilis, is white
or pale rose with purple-violet stripes at the base, where there
are two keels, and the short thick column has two large purple-
violet wings.— Brazil.
Syn. — Oncidium Bluntii,
M. anceps, Lindley. — A singular and rare species, which,
after being in cultivation for some time, was lost, and we are
indebted to the Messrs. Low for its re-introduction. It has
narrow oblong compressed yellowish pseudobulbs two inches
410 ORCHID- GKOWER's MANUAL.
long, each having a pair of narrow ligulate leaves four or five
inches long, and ancipitous scapes taller than the leaves and
invested by long sheathing pointed bracts. The flowers are
about two inches in diameter, produced singly, the sepals and
petals oblong-lanceolate, spreading, of a pale greenish olive
colour, the two lateral ones with a bar of reddish purple near
the base, the lip rhomboideo-lyrate, recurved at the apex,
white with two or three reddish purple bars and spots on the
lower half, behind which are a similar number of lamellae on
the pubescent base. Prof. Keichenbach's figure shows the
sepals and petals of a citron 3'ellow. It requires the same
treatment as that indicated for Miltonias generally. — Brazil.
'Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 6572; Xenia Orch,, i. t. 21.
Stn. — M. Pinellii; Odontoglossum anceps.
M. Mcolor, Hort. — A beautiful species with the aspect of
M. spectabilis, but of a more vigorous habit, growing about
eight inches high. The flowers are large, with white sepals
and petals, the lip being also white, with a blotch of violet in
the upper part. It blooms in August, and lasts in perfection
for six weeks. Of this there are two varieties, one called
M. hicolor siiperha, with larger flowers and more white on the
lip than in the other. — Brazil.
M. Candida, Lindley. — A very beautiful strong-growing
species, one of the finest in the genus, of which there are two
or three distinct forms known. The pseudobulbs are oblong
ovate, narrowed to the apex, two-leaved, the leaves ligulate,
the scape one and a half to two feet high, arising from the base
of the bulbs, and bearing an erect raceme of very hand-
some large flowers, of which the sepals and petals are oblong,
nearly covered with large blotches of bright reddish brown,
with a bright yellow margin, and the broadly roundish obovate
wavy lip is white with flve small lamellte at the base. It
produces its flowers during the autumn, lasting three weeks
m bloom.
The Botanical Magazine figure represents a form with a
yellow lip flushed with purple (var. fiavescens, Hook.) ; that in
Xenia Orchidacea a very large form with the sepals and petals
almost wholly reddish brown except the yellow fringe, and the
lip pure white (var. Jenischiana, Rchb. f.). — Brazil.
-FlG.—Sertum Orch., t. 21 ; Paxion, Mag. Bot., vi. 241, with tab.; Bot.
Mag., t. 3793 (flavescens) ; Xenia Orch., i. t. 64 (Jenischiana).
M. Candida grandiflora, Hort. — This, which is a very rare
handsome plant, is much finer than M. Candida, being not only
MILTONIA. 411
much stronger in its growth, but the flowers are also larger
and brighter in colour. It flowers in September, and is best
grown in a pot with peat and moss. — Brazil.
Fig.— Orchid Album, v., t. 200.
M, Clowesii, Liudley. — -This showy plant produces its long
racemes of flowers during September and October, and lasts
a long time in perfection, sometimes extending into November
and December. The pseudobulbs are ovate, two-edged,
narrowed upwards, two-leaved, the leaves narrow ligulate,
yellowish, and the scape rachcal, bearing a rather lax raceme.
The flowers have both sepals and petals yellow, cross-banded
and nearly covered with chestnut broAvn, and the lip, which is
cordate, constricted in the middle, having its plurilamellate
base of a deep violet, and its subrotund attenuated apex
white. Of this species there are several forms, but the
variety called M. Clowesii major is the best. It should be
grown in a pot with peat and moss. — Brazil: Organ Moimtains.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4109 ; Sertum Orch., t. 34 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., ix. 241,
with tab. ; Gartenjlora, t. 160.
Syn. — Brassia Clowesii; Odontoglossum Clowesii.
MILTONIA CCNEATA.
M. Cimeata, Lhulley. — A very pretty and free-growing
species, which reaches about ten inches in height, and
s 2
412 orchid-grower's manual.
resembles M, Candida in its manner of growth. The pseudo-
bulbs are ovate-oblong, compressed and narrowed at the apex,
diphyllous, the leaves ligulate-oblong, keeled on the under
side. The scape is radical, bearing an erect raceme of from
six to eight flowers which are nearly four inches across ; the
sepals and petals are of a deep chestnut brown, tipped with
pale greenish yellow, and the lip is white, with a claw-like
wedge-shaped bilamellate base, each keel terminating in a
chocolate-coloured spot at the base of the broad roundish
anterior part. These flowers are produced in February, and
continue four or five weeks in perfection. The plant is best
grown in a pot, in peat, with good drainage. — Brazil.
Fig.— Bot. Reg., 1845, t. 8 ; 31oore, Illust. Orch. PI, Miltonia, t. 2 ; lllust.
Eort., t. 237 ; Orchid Album, \. t. 46. _
Syn. — M. speciosa ; Oncidium sjpeciosum.
M. festiva, -Rc/ti. /. — A rare and showy species, resembling
ill. spectabilis in its growth and general appearance, but having
very distinct flowers, which are borne in pairs, and are as large
as those of M. spectabilis itself. They have oblong ochro-
leucous sepals and petals, and a large cuneately flabellate
acutely pointed lip of a purplish lilac, with eleven radiating
veins of deep purple on the disk, two yellow keels, and
dark purple column wings. Reichenbach suggests it may
be a wild hybrid between M. S2)ectabilis and M. Jlavescens. —
Brazil.
M. Regnelli, Rchb. f. — A very distinct and pretty species,
which grows in the way of M. cuncaia. The pseudobulbs are
ancipitous narrow oblong, tapering to the apex, the leaves
linear ligulate, light green, and about twelve inches long,
and the scapes erect from the axils of accessory leaves, and
producing from three to six flowers, which are about two and
a half inches across, the lanceolate sepals and the oblong
petals white, and the subpandurate lip cuneate at the base,
quadrate and emarginate in front, and of a pale rosy pink
streaked with darker rose in the centre, white at the edge and
along the median line ; there are three lamellae at the base of
the lip, the middle one shorter than the others. The plant
generally produces its blossoms in September or October, and
lasts in bloom for some four or five weeks. It is best grown
in a pot, with peat and moss. — Brazil.
-EiG.—Bot. Mag.,t. 5436 ; Baiem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PI, 1. 182 ; Xenia Orch.,
i. t. 47 ; Puydt, Les Orch., t. 26.
MILTONIA. 413
M. Eeglielli purpurea, Hort. — This is a most charming
form of M. Regnelli, and very rare. The habit of growth is
the same in both, but in the form
here referred to the spike is longer,
and the flowers are larger, and al-
together superior in colour ; the
sepals and petals are delicate rose,
margined with white, and the broad
flat emarginate lip is of an intense
magenta- crimson, the three crests
being white, and accompanied by
several small pinkish stripes. —
Brazil.
Fig.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 72 ; Floral
Mag., t. 490. MILTONIA REGNELLI PURPDREA.
M. spectabilis, LimUey. — A beautiful and well-known
popular Orchid, which grows about six inches high, and pro-
duces its large solitary showy flowers in July and August,
lasting six weeks in beauty if kept in a cool house and
free from damp. The pseudobulbs are oval, ancipitous,
and covered by a pair of hgulate leaves, of a tern
yellow colour, and the one-flowered scapes are clothed with
large fuscous keeled bracts. The handsome flowers have
the spreading oblong petals and the recurved petals all
white, while the obovate plicate lip, which is large, measuring
two inches across, is of a deep violet-purple at the base
and along the deep furrows, the middle portion being of a
fine deep rosy crimson, and the rest of the surface more or
less flushed with pink ; the column has two conspicuous
purple ears or wings, and the disk bears three lamellae. Of
this beautiful species there are some varieties much better
than others. It is a most desirable old plant, and easily
grown into a good specimen. — Brazil.
FlG.—Bof. Mag., t. 4204; Boi. Reg., t. 1992; Jllust. Hort., t. 21fi; l.em.
Jard. FL, t. 108 ; Paxton, Mag. Bat, vii. 97, with tab. ; Hart. Farad., i. t.
11 ; Knowles ^ Westc. Floral Cab., t. 45.
Syn. — Macrochilus Fryanus.
M. spectabilis Moreliana. — A very handsome and most
desirable plant, the flowers of which resemble those of
M. spectabilis in every particular except colour, as does also
the habit of growth, thas confirming the view now generally
held that it is merely a highly-coloured and superior variety
of that species. The coluur of the sepals and petals is of a
414 ORCHID- grower's manual.
deep rich purple, and the broad flat lip is beautifully veined
■with rose. It produces its flowers in September and October,
continuing in bloom a long time. — Brazil: Rio Janeiro.
The following are sub-varieties of this handsome form : —
M. spectaMlis Moreliana atrorubens, Hort.—K magnificent
variety, with the flowers very large, often measuring four
inches across, and with the colour much darker than that of
M. spectabilis Moreliana ; it blooms in September, and lasts a
considerable time in beauty. A scarce plant. — Brazil.
M. spectabilis Moreliana rosea, RcM. /. — A distinct form_ of
this old favourite, in which the sepals and petals are white,
traversed by a band of pale rose down the centre, and the lip
is bright rose, distinctly veined with rosy purple ; it flowers
during the summer months. — Brazil.
YiG.— Gard. Mag. BoL, iii. 41, with tab. ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, i. t. 32 ;
Jennings, Orch., t. 37 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 143 ; Puydt, Les Orch., t. 27 ;
Bot. Mag., t. 4425 ; Moore, 111, Orch. PL, Miltonia, t. 1 ; Flore des Serres,
t. 1008.
Syn. — M, Moreliana; M. purjmrea violacea.
M. spectabilis radians, Bclib. f. — In this form of M. specta-
bilis we have a most chaste -looking and lovely epiphyte, and
a most admirable contrast to the highly-coloured M. s])ecta-
bilis Moreliana. The habit is that of the type, the pseudo-
bulbs being oblong and compressed, the leaves lorate or
ligulate and keeled, and the scape ancipitous, springing from
the base of the bulb. The flowers are about three inches
across and over four inches in depth, the sepals and petals
being of a creamy white, and the lip pandurately-obovate
retuse and slightly wavy, pure white, with a crest of three
yellow linear lamellae blunt and thickened in front, and close
upon these a series of about six club-shaped slightly curved
bars three-quarters of an inch long of magenta-purple radi-
ating from the base, two thin purple lines running back
through the crest. The white column is bordered with
magenta. — Brazil.
Fig.— Orchid Album,iv. t. 164.
M. spectabilis rosea, Hort. — This very handsome and rare
plant resembles M. spectabilis in its habit of growth, but the
pseudobulbs are narrower and longer, as also are the leaves.
The flowers, which are large, have the sepals and petals
white tinted with light rose, and the lip white irregularly striped
MILTONIA. 415
witli rich deep rosy lake in broad unequal bands with a few-
detached blotches. It flowers during summer, and remains in
perfection for several weeks. — Brazil.
Fig.— Illmt. Eort., t. 524.
Syn. — 31. rosea; M. Warneri.
Ml Warscewiczii, Bchb. f. — A very distinct and handsome
plant, which has borne in gardens several names, including
Oncidium fuscatum , but which our chief authorities now place
under Milionia. It has tall flattened narrow oblong pseudo-
bulbs, oblong obtuse pale green leaves, and nodding panicles
of numerous crowded flowers, whose peduncle springs from the
axil of an accessory leaf sheathing the bulb. The short sepals
and petals are bluntly cuneate ligulate and prettily undulated,
dark brownish purple tipped with white, and the sessile lip
is nearly orbicular, deeply bilobed, of a velvety brownish
purple margined with rosy lilac, giving a roundish outline to
the purple area, in the midst of which there is a transversely
oblong shining patch, which from being glossy appears to be
of a different colour ; there is also a yellow spot on the disk.
The column is very short, purple at the base. It blooms in
the spring months. — Peru; New Grenada.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5843 ; Flore des Serres, t. 1831.
Syn. — Oncidium fuscatum.
M, Warscewiczii Weltoni, Moore. — A variety of M. Warsce-
tviczii, which, though difiering in many points, is obviously of
the same specific type. In its flat oblong pseudobulbs, oblong
leaves, and paniculate inflorescence, it is quite like the type,
but the flowers appear to be smaller, and the sepals and
petals have the ground colour olive brown, with the tips
yellow instead of white. The lip is smaller, roundish-ovate,
bilobed, but without an apiculus ; the purple colour is cut off
straight at about two-thirds the length of the lip, and the
apical part is distinctly white. There are many connecting
links known to botanists, and this has led to the two plants
being regarded as strictly synonymous. — Peru; New Grenada.
Fig.— lllust. Hart., 3 ser., t. 156.
Syn. — Oncidium Weltoni,
M. Warscewiczii xanthina, Echb. f. — A pleasing variety,
in which the flowers are almost wholly yellow ; the sepals
and petals are yellow, and the lip is of a light yellow with a
narrow white border, there being no purple as in the type.
It blooms in the winter season, and was first flowered with
W. Lee, Esq., Downside, Leatherhead. — Peru.
416 oechid-grower's manual.
MOEMODES, Lindley.
{Tribe Vandese, sublribe Stanhopiese.)
A most interesting genus, of which only a few of the species
find favour with Orchid cultivators. They are related closely
to Ccdasetitm, but differ in the sepals being usually narrow
and more spreading, and the lip narrowed below into a claw,
incurved, ascendent, and obliquely twisted. They are epi-
phytes, with short oblong or fusiform stems, sheathed by the
membranaceous bases of the old leaves, of which three or four
lance-shaped pHcated ones are produced at the top ; the scapes
issue from some of the nodes of the stems. They are found
in Colombia, Central America, and Mexico, upwards of a
dozen species being described.
Culture. — These plants are of deciduous habit, and do best
in the Cattleya house, potted in peat, with a liberal quantity
of water supplied to the roots during their period of growth,
after which water should be gradually withheld until they
become quite dry, when they may be placed near the glass
till they begin to grow. They are propagated by division.
M. buccinator, Lindley. — A very curious distinct species,
which Eeichenbach describes as "the most polychromatic
Orchid of the world." The form originally described by
Lindley had the flowers pale green, "with an ivory-white
lip, whose sides are so rolled back as to give it the appearance
of a trumpet." Other forms have pale yellow flowers, densely
spotted with crimson, and a greenish yellow lip, also spotted
with crimson, the markings on the sepals much smaller than
those on the petals. This species well represents the con-
tortion of the parts of the flower peculiar to this genus, the
column being twisted sometimes to the right, sometimes to
the left. It flowers in the autumn months. — Mexico.
There is also a variety named M. huccinator majus,
Bchh. /., which has largqj- ochre- coloured flowers with
numerous small cinnamon-coloured dots on the sepals and
MORMODES. 417
petals, the lip bearing 011I3' a few obscure pallid markings on
the sides. — New Grenada.
M. Colossus, Rchb. /. — A very effective species of large
growth, the stems subterete, tapering upwards, sometimes a
foot long, with elliptic ovate plaited leaves, and a stout
radical scape a foot long, bearing a raceme a foot long of
large spreading flowers five to six inches across, with narrow
lanceolate acuminate sepals and petals, of which the lower
part is pink with darker pink veins, and the upper half
yellow, and the lip is bright yellow dotted with pink at the
base, much incurved, with the edges revolute, meeting at the
back, and the green arching column is twisted to one side as
usual. It is a most singular and wonderful plant. — Central
America, elevation 7,000 feet.
Fm.—Bot. Mag., t. 5840.
Stn, — M. macranthum,
M. luxatum, LimUey. — A very handsome species, and also
a very singular one, in which the distortion of the flower
peculiar to the genus seems carried to its extreme limit, the
whole flower — not only the lip and column, which are the
parts usually afi'ected — appearing as if all its members had
been dislocated. Notwithstanding this it is a plant of much
beauty. The stems are short, terete, and tapered upwards,
the plicate lanceolate leaves three feet long, and the flowers
on radical scapes in oblong racemes much shorter than the
leaves, very fragrant, three inches or more in diameter, lemon-
yellow, fleshy, and rather globular, but so distorted that the
parts are not easily recognised, excepting that the lip has a
deep brown streak down the middle, and covers the column
like a hood. It blooms in July, lasting in bloom a couple of
weeks or more. — Mexico.
YlG.—Bot. Reg., 1843, t. 33 ; Moore, III. Orch. PI, Mormodes, t. 3.
M. pardinimi, Bateman. — This very beautiful species is
unfortunately seldom seen in collections. The stems are
terete and tapering, three to six inches high, with several
lanceolate membranaceous leaves from their upper end, and
from their base the nodding flower scapes a foot or more in
length, furnished with a crowded raceme ; the sepals and
petals are ovate-lanceolate acuminate, spreading at the base,
but with their points all directed upwards so as to be almost
connivent ; they, as well as the three-lobed lip, are bright
s3
418 orchid-grower's manual.
yellow, spotted with rich brovmisli crimson, so that the
flowers have quite a gay appearance. — Mexico.
'Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 3900 ; Batem. Orch. Mesc. et Guat., t. 14 ; Knowles cj-
Westc. Floral Cab., t. 113.
Syn. — Cyclosia maculata.
M. pardinuni unicolor, Hooker. — This variety differs from
the type only in having the flowers wholly of a clear lemon
yellow without any trace of spotting, and is by so much the
less ornamental of the two, though its self-coloured flowers
are not ineffective. — Mexico.
SlQ.—Bot. Mag., t. 3879.
Syn. — M. citrinum ; Catasetwn citrinum.
M. uncia, Bchb.f. — The handsomest and most noble of all
the Monnodes, distinguished by its broadly fusiform some-
what two-edged stems or pseudobulbs, about three inches
high, its elongate lanceolate ribbed leaves a foot to a foot and
a half long, and its many-flowered pendulous raceme of large
flowers, which are two and a half inches in diameter, whitish
externally, and within of a pale yellow, entirely covered with
oblong dark crimson spots rather smaller and more dot-like
near the margin. The sepals and petals are concave, an inch
across, ovate acute, and the lip is curved upwards with a
linear fleshy base dilated gradually into a saccate orbicular
apex, the base dark purple, the inner surface yellow spotted
with red, the exterior spotted like the sepals except at the
tip, which is lilac. The flowers have an aromatic odour.
YiG.— Bot. Mag.,_t. 5802.
Syn. — M. Greenii.
MONOCHILUS, WalUch.
{Tribe Neottieae, suUribe Spkanthese.)
A small genus of terrestrial tropical Orchids, included by
Bentham under Zeuxine, but kept distinct both by Lindley
and Reichenbach. It differs from Ancectochihis in the absence
of a spur, and in the adhesion of the lip with the column, and
from Zeuxine in its long membranous split lip. It contains a
few species only, which are natives of India and Ceylon.
Culhire. — It requires the general treatment oi Anvectochilus,
419
and is a free-growing plant, which may be cultivated in a
warm house without the assistance of a bell-glass.
M. regium, LindUy. — A distinct species, growing about
five inches high, and having ovate-lanceolate leaves three
inches long, with a margin of a dark green colour, and a
broad band of pale lilac or whitish down the centre. The
flowers are white and green in loose spikes, and the lip is
split into a pair of roundish crenate lobes. Its native name
is Iri Rajah, or Striped King of the Woods. — Ceylon and
Borneo.
'FlG.—Blume, OrcJi. Arch. Tnd., t. 48.
Syn. — Ancectochilus striatus; Anmctochilus Ihieatus ; Eaplochilus regium.
If ANODES, Lindley.
{Tribe Epidendreae, subtribe Laelieae.)
A very small epiphytal genus of peculiar interest, with a
ringent perianth, and a fleshy undivided lip connate with the
column. Bentham associates it with Ejndendrum under the
section Nance, distinguished like it by distichous sheathing
leaves on a dwarf diffuse-growing stem. iV. Medusa is a
most extraordinary-looking object when in flower, very dis-
tinct from any other of its order.
Culture. — The little Orchid described below is a plant well
worth cultivating, and requires to be grown on a block, or in
a basket, with moss and peat, and kept very cool in the
Odontoglossum house, where it should be suspended from the
roof, as it is a native of the higher Andes of Western S.
America.
N. Medusa, BcU. /.—One of the most singular of Orchids.
The stems are densely tufted, pendent, branched, covered
with broad imbricated sheaths of the distichous glaucous green
leaves, which are three to four inches long, Hnear-oblong,
curved, unequally bilobed at the apex, and semiamplexicaul at
the base. The flowers are leathery, two and a half inches
across, flat, two or more in the axils of the terminal leaves ;
420
ORCHID-GKOWER S MANUAL.
the sepals and petals linear-oblong, yellowish green tinged
with brown, and the lip very large, orbicular with a cordate
base, and a bilobed apex, of a deep maroon-purple, greenish
over the disk, the whole margin deeply cut into subulate
segments, forming a conspicuous fringe. The plant has no
pseudobulbs to support it, but only a woody stem crowded
with greyish green leaves in two ranks whose sheathing bracts
NANODES MEDUS.E.
entkely hide the stem itself. Of this plant Sir Joseph
Hooker remarks, that, " altogether the flattened stout culms,
and the pale glaucous colour of the foliage, and the extra-
ordinary appearance and lurid purple of the flower, give it a
most sinister appearance, and for an Orchid a most unusual
one." — Ecuador.
FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5723 ; Flo7-e des Serves, t. 1771.
ODONTOGLOSSUM. 421
OdONTOGLOSSUM, Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth.
( Tribe Yandeae, suhtribe Oncidiese. )
To this comprehensive genus of Orchids so many mag-
nificent additions have been made during the last few years
that it now contains some of the choicest and most useful
decorative species in cultivation. In so extensive a genus
it might be expected that some of the species would be of
inferior merit as regards their ornamental properties, and
such is indeed the case ; but all those here described are
worthy of a place in every collection. They are all of them
evergreen, producing their flower scapes from the base of the
pseudobulbs, which in some of the species are stout and thick,
and in others are of small size, with small narrow foliage. They
have usually spreading flowers with the sepals and petals free,
or the lateral ones very shortly connate at the base, the claw
of the lip, which is often very short, being parallel with the
exauriculate column, and the limb spreading. The scapes are
rarely short and few flowered, more frequently paniculately
branched, and the flowers are mostly of a showy character.
Nearly or quite a hundred species have been found in the
South American Andes, and the major part of them have
already made their way into our Orchid collections.
Culture. — The Odontoglots require to be placed either in an
intermediate or cool house to grow them successfully. With
the exception of 0. Krameri, 0. Phalmiopsis, 0. Roezlii, 0.
vexillarium, and 0. Warcseiviczii, which thrive better with the
Cattleyas, they succeed best in a cool house, the temperature
of which in autumn and winter ranges from 45° to 55°. Some
are best grown in baskets, while most of the species do best
in pots, in rough fibrous peat with live sphagnum moss on
the peat, and good drainage below, a li^ eral supply of water
422 orchid-geower's manual.
at the roots being required during the growing season — in
fact, they never should be allowed to get dry at the roots.
The plan of having some live sphagnum moss growing on
the top of the soil is an excellent one, as it keeps a nice
wholesome moisture about the roots, which they seem to
delight in.
The demand for these plants has become very great, and
this is not to be wondered at, for they are a very lovely class
of flowers, and can be grown in a cool house at a less expense
than the more stately Brazilian and East Indian Orchids. In
the form of cut blooms and otherwise, they yield very much
enjoyment to lady cultivators. The flowers of many of them
are exquisitely beautiful, and they continue a long time in
perfection. It is much to be regretted they have been so
difficult to import : many thousands of the plants collected
from their native habitats having died before they reached
this country. We have opened many boxes of these valuable
plants, and have found them all dead, and we have also had
many arrive in excellent condition. Of late years the methods
of packing these plants have been much improved upon, and
now one can depend upon a larger proportion reaching this
country in a living state.
Shade is very essential to the well-being of this class of
plants ; some growers prefer a north house, but a little sun
is very beneficial. They require a liberal supply of air and
moisture, great care being taken to prevent cold draughts.
Some of the species are subject to insects, such as red
thrips, &c., especially if kept a little too warm. When any
sign of these pests is seen the plants should be well washed
with clean water, for if they are allowed to become seriously
infested, the foHage will soon be disfigured by the brown
marks caused by the iasects. They are propagated by
separating the pseudobulbs just as they begin to grow.
ODONTOGLOSSUM. 423
0. Alexandrse. — See Odontoglossum cbispum.
0. Andersonianum, Bchh. f. — This singularly beautiful and
very interesting plant is evidently a natural hybrid between
0. crisjmm and 0. fjloriosum. The pseudobulbs and leaves
resemble those of O. crispum, but the flowers, which are
strongly scented, are more distinctly suggestive of 0. gloriosum.
The ovate-oblong acute slightly crispy sepals and petals are
creamy white, with bright chestnut brown oblong spots, and
the oblong-pandurate apiculate lip, which is also creamy
white, is yellow at the base, with numerous small spots of
crimson, in front of which are a pair of blunt teeth, while the
anterior part sometimes bears a largish irregular patch of
confluent spots. It is named in compliment to Mr, Anderson,
of Meadow Bank. We have had it with fifty flowers, and a
fine appearance it made when shown at the Manchester
Royal Botanic Gardens. — New Grenada.
YlG.— Orchid Album, i. t. 35 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 45.
0. Andersonianuni lohatum, Rchb.f. — This variety has the
numerous flowers two and a half inches across, the sepals and
petals being both of a creamy white, with numerous small
elegant chestnut brown spots on their base ; and the lip,
which bears rather spreading narrow side lobes, is spotted
with the same brown colour towards the centre, and there are
two lines of chestnut brown extending for about half an inch
from the base of each of the petals. — New Grenada.
0. angUStatum, Lindley, — A very distinct species, producing
pyriform ancipitous pseudobulbs, each with one broad lanceo-
late leaf from its apex, and about four accessory ones at its base.
The flowers come in erect panicles, which have short branches;
they have linear very much acuminated sepals, which are
greenish with a median line of brown, and broader much
crisped petals, which are yellow with shining transverse bars
of cinnamon brown, and a white lip, the anterior part of which
is oblong triangular wavy and toothletted, with brown streaks
and bars, and a crest of two serrate lamellae, one long acute
middle keel, and a tooth on each side of it. — Peru.
'FiG.—Batem., Mon. Odont., t. 26.
0. aspersum, Rchh. f. — This plant is supposed to be a
natural hybrid between 0. viaculatum and 0. Rossn. The
pseudobulbs are similar to those of 0. maculatum, but smaller,
as are the flowers. The sepals and petals are yellowish white,
424 orchid-gkower's manual.
mottled on the inner surface with numerous brown blotches,
the petals much broader than the keeled sepals, with a few
brown spots at their base ; the cordate acute lip is creamy
white with yellow crests. At first sight this flower reminds
one of a yellow variety of 0. Rossii majus. It flowers during
the winter months. — Mexico.
ODONTOGLOSSUM ASPERSUM,
0. astranthum, Linden et Echb. /.—This pretty species
bears a considerable resemblance to 0. ocloratum. It produces
a large branching panicle, bearing upwards of fifty flowers,
which are nearly two inches in diameter, with the organs
stellately disposed ; the lanceolate acuminate sepals and petals
are yellowish with purplish brown streaks and blotches, and
the lip, which is ligulate acuminate in front, is white spotted
with pale rose, the base of the column being orange with a
few reddish purple spots. It requires quite cool treatment. —
Ecuador.
0. baphicantlmin, Rchb.f. — A supposed wild hybrid between
0. crispum and 0. odoratum. The flowers are about two and
ODONTOGLOSSUM. 425
a half inches in diameter, the h'gulate aristate sepals and petals
sulphur yellow, with purplish blotches which finally become
suffused over their whole surface ; the lip is pandurate
cuspidate serrate, yellow with two or three reddish brown
fpots, and a bifurcate callus as in 0. crispum. The lip is
pointed as in 0. Andersonianum. It flowers during the
summer months. — New Grenada.
0. bictomense, Lindley. — A well-known free-growing species
with oblong compressed pseudobulbs, bearing two or three
ensiform undulated leaves, and upright racemes of flowers, in
which the sepals and petals are green spotted with brown,
and the cordate acuminate lip lilac, or pink, or sometimes
white. The variety aJhum figured in Illustration Horticole
(3 ser. t. 91), has the sepals and petals wholly of a bright
chestnut brown, and the lip white, and that figured as splendens
in the same work (t. 449) has the sepals green and brown,
and the lip bright rosy lilac. The name africanum was given
by misadventure. — Mexico : Gtuitemala, 6,000 — 7,000 feet.
¥}G.—Bot. Reg., 1840, t. 66 ; Bot. Mag., t. S812 (lip whitish) ; Batem ,
Orch. Mex. et Guat., t. 6 ; Jd., Mon. Odont., t. 18; Illust. Hort., t. 449 ; Id.,
3 ser., t. 91 (album) ; Flore des Serves, t. J 502 (lip pink) ; Moore, III, Orch.
PL, Odontoglossum, t. 6.
Syn. — Cyrtochilum bictoniense; Zygopetnlum africanum.
0. bictoniense SUperbum, Williams. — A distinct free-growing
variety, much superior to the old form. The pseudobulbs
and leaves are light green, the spike erect many-flowered,
the sepals and petals dark chocolate brown, and the lip
large, purplish mauve marked with darker lines. It blooms
during the autumn months, and is a very desirable plant. —
Guatemala.
O.blandum, richh.f. — This is a very fine species, somewhat
resembling a dwarf form of 0. ncevium. The flowers have a
honey-like fragrance, and are white with brownish crimson spots;
the sepals and petals are equal in size, cuneate-lanceolate
acuminate, creamy white beautifully spotted and freckled with
maroon crimson, and the lip which is of the same colour,
but much broader than in 0. naimim, has a bilamellate claw
with a broad ovate acuminate crispy blade. — New Grenada.
Fig.— Batem., Mon. Odont., t. 28.
0. Bluntii. — See Odontoglossum crispum.
0. Bowmanni, Bchh. f. — A form of the variable 0.
crispum which we first saw in 1880, in the collection of
426 okchid-grower's manual.
F. A. Philbrick, Esq. The sepals are white, almost wholly
flushed with deep rose colour, and indistinctly blotched with
deep rose ; the petals are white, slightly spotted with rose
towards the base ; and the lip is distinct in shape, being
broadly hastate, having four or five reddish brown spots, and
a fine large yellow disk. — New Greyiatla.
0. breTifoliuni, Lindley. — A very free-flowering and hand-
some species of the coronarium group. The pseudobulbs are
ovate oblong compressed one-leaved, the leaves ovate oblong,
short. The flowers are nearly or quite two inches across,
numerous, on an erect raceme, of a rich chestnut brown with
a narrow golden border ; and the cuneate emarginate lip, which
is shorter than the sepals, is of a bright yellow, having a
reddish furcate blotch at the base. It blooms in April and
May. This flowers more freely than 0. coronarium, and
should be cultivated on that account. — Peruvian Andes.
Fig.— Orchid Album, i. t. 27 ; lUust. Sort., 3 ser., 1. 170.
0. cariniferuin, Pichh. f. — A very free-growing plant, pro-
ducing oblong subancipital diphyllous pseudobulbs, oblong
ligulate leaves, and large spreading panicles of flowers, which
have the oblong lanceolate acuminate sepals and petals reddish
brown, greenish outside, and the lip clawed, three-lobed, with
the anterior larger lobe cordate acute, white in front, the
disk red, and also bearing about five fleshy tubercles, the two
lamellae on the violet claw being serrated. It succeeds well
in the cool house, and flowers during the winter season, con-
tinuing in bloom for three months. — Central America :
Veragua, 9,000 feet.
YlG.—Batem., Mon. Odont., t. 1 0 j Bot. Mag., t. 4919.
Stn. — 0. hastilabiumfuscatum.
0. Ceryantesii, La Llave and Le.xarza. — A pretty dwarf
species with ovate angulate pseudobulbs, solitary oblong
leaves, and few- flowered scapes of large sweet-scented flowers,
with a slightly cordate and acute lip, the colour a very pale
pink, the base of the sepals and petals marked with broken
concentrical bands of brownish crimson on a yellow ground,
the claw fleshy, cup-shaped, having in front a double tooth,
and beyond that a pair of long hairy processes. — Mexico.
Fig.— Bot. Reg., 1845, t. 36 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. t. 15 ; Moore, III. Orch.
PL, Odontoglossum, t. 4 ; Orchid Album, iv. t. 167 ; Illust. Eort., t. 12 ; Id.,
3 ser., t. 313 (ma jus) ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., xii. 193, with tab. ; Floral Mag.,
t. 294.
ODONTOGLOSSUM.
427
0. Cervantesii ALdersoni, Moore. — This variety, which is
referred to without Dame by Reichenbach in Gardeners'
Chronicle (1868, 710), has white flowers marked by the
usual concentric broken Hnes or bars of reddish brown at the
base of the sepals and petals, but differs in having the lip
bordered by numerous spots of the same colour as the bars at
the base of the sepals. It was flowered by Mr. Anderson in
the Meadow Bank collection. — Mexico.
0. Cervantesii decorum, Rchb. f. — A magnificent variety
of 0. Cervantesii, with very large flowers, measuring nearly
three inches across. The sepals and petals are white tinged
with rose and spotted and barred with reddish brown ; the
lip is large, white tinged with rose blotched with crimson
and beautifully fringed. This variety produces as many as
three or four flowers on a spike, and when grown in a basket
makes a very charming object. It was exhibited by Sir
Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., in whose fine collection it
flowered. — Mexico .
0. Cervantesii membranaceuni,I/M2f//e^. — A charming small-
growing variety of this beautiful species, in which the larger
fragi-ant flowers, which smell of almonds, are pure white
having concentric broken lines of crimson at the base, and a
deeply cordate retuse blunt lip, marked with a few concentric
crimson bars. It blooms during the winter months, and
continues in bloom four weeks. This will do on a block of
wood or in a pot. There are many forms of this variety.
One named 0. C. memhranaceum roseum is a very handsome
plant, with the flowers in racemes of five or six together, rose
colour, shaded with yellow, and barred with brown, and pro-
duced through autumn and winter. — Mexico ; Guatemala.
¥lG.—£ot. Reg., 1846, t. 34 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4923; Annales de Gand, 1845,
t. 10; Pescatorea, t. 5; Moore, III. Orch, PI., Odontoglossum, t. 5.
0. Chestertoni, Hort. — A very handsome Odontoglot intro-
duced by the late Mr. Chesterton. It is of the 0. crispum
type, and has the sepals much serrated, white heavily barred
with reddish brown, the petals white with a few small reddish
brown spots towards the centre, deeply toothed at the edge,
and the lip pale yellow, having a large reddish brown
, blotch in the centre, and the margin beautifully fringed. It
flowers at different times of the year, after the growth has
been completed. — Neiv Grenada.
428
OECHID-GEOWER S MANUAL.
0. cirrllOSlini, Lindley. — This fine species is undoubtedly
one of the most elegant and charming of a very charming
family, which is also becoming a very numerous one. The
plant varies a good deal, but all its forms are pleasing. The
character of the flowers is somewhat similar to that of 0.
ncBvium majiis both in shape and colour, but they are much
ODONTOGLOSSUM CIRRHOSUM.
larger. The pseudobulbs are oblong, narrowed upwards,
compressed, with a solitary ligulate oblong leaf from the apex
of the bulbs, and one or two pairs of accessory ones at the
base ; the scape springing from the axil of the latter grows
from two to three feet in length, and bears numerous flowers
which are star-shaped, and from four to five inches across.
ODONTOGLOSSUM. 429
The sepals are narrow lanceolate, much attenuated at
the point and slightly undulated, the petals similar but
somewhat shorter and broader at the base, both white
thickly blotched with bright chocolate purple ; the lip is
smaller and shorter but equally attenuated, the expanded
base heart-shaped, yellow with deep crimson veins, and a
pair of prominent yellow horns white and spotted like the
petals on the anterior part. Some of the many forms produce
their flowers in panicles. The name cirrlioswn is given in
allusion to the slender recurved cirrhiform apices of the parts.
— Ancles of Ecuador : Guayaquil.
'Fig.— Orchid Album, iv. t. 151 ; Illust, Hort., 3 ser., t. 301 ; Floral Mag.,
2 ser., t. 222 ; Gard, Chron., N.S., v. 501, 503, figs. 91, 92; Id., ix. 181, fig.
33 (var.).
0. cirrhosum Hruhyanum, Bchb. f. — This handsome plant
was recently (February, 1885) exhibited by Messrs. Sander
& Co. at South Kensington. It closely resembles 0.
cirrJwsimi both in the shape and colour of its flowers, saving
the spotting of the sepals and petals, which are pure white
with only a blotch of orange and some red lines at the base
of the lip. The flowers are borne in long robust racemes
with about twenty blossoms. It is now considered to be a
variety of 0. cirrlwsum. — New Grenada.
Syn. — 0. cirrhosum album; 0. Hrubyanum,
0. cirrllOSlim Klabocliorimi, Bchh.f. — An altogether superior
form of the type, having much larger white flowers more
heavily spotted with chocolate-brown, and the sepals and
petals developed into much longer tails. It flowers during
the summer months. — Ecuador.
0. citrosmuin, Lindley. — A charming Orchid, producing long
pendulous spikes of fragrant lemon-scented flowers in June
and July. It has roundish compressed pseudobulbs, oblong
ligulate leaves, and pendent racemes or panicles of large
handsome flowers, a dozen or more on one scape, each
flower measuring two inches across. The oblong obtuse
nearly equal sepals and petals are white slightly flushed and
sometimes dotted with pink, the crestless reniform emarginate
lip mauve-coloured with an orange yellow claw having the
two sides erect. It flowers in summer, and will continue
in perfection for as long as four weeks if kept in a cool house
free from damp ; moreover, it makes one of the finest plants
for exhibition. — Mexico.
¥iG.—Bot. Reg., 1843, t. 3; Gard. Mag. Bot., ii. 261, with tab. ; 3Ioore,
430 okchid-geower's manual.
111. Orch. PI., Odontoglossum, t. 8 ; Flore des Serves, t. 633 ; Lem. Jard.
FL, t. 90; Batem., Mon. Odont, t. 6 ; Puydt, Les Orch., t. 29.
Syn. — Odontoglossum pendulum ; Oncidium Galeottianum, Drapiez,
0. citrosmuin roseuin. — A very fine variety of 0. citrosmum,
having the same habit and manner of growth as the type, and
producing its beautiful flowers on long drooping racemes.
The sepals and petals are white, and the lip a bright rose
colour. There are many varieties of this, some of them
having more colour than others ; the best form we have seen
is that figured by Mr. Warner, as quoted below. When the
plant is in bloom the pot should be suspended from the roof,
so that the pendent racemes may hang down naturally, in
which position it produces a charming efi'ect. — Mexico.
Fig.— Warner, Sel. Orch. Pl.,i. t. 28 ; Illust. Hart., t. 59.
0. COnstrictum, LindUy. — Although not a large-flowered
species, this is a very pretty plant, producing a large branching
panicle of gaily-coloured blossoms. The pseudobulbs are
rather large, ovoid, compressed, ribbed, supporting a pair
of linear-lanceolate leaves a foot long, and of the same dark
green colour, and a slender scape, a foot and a half long,
supporting a loosely branched panicle of equal length. The
flowers are an inch and a half across (in wild specimens three
inches) ; the oblong lanceolate sepals and petals are bright
yellow blotched with orange or reddish brown, the colours
often disposed in longitudinal bars, the lip distinctly fiddle-
shaped, with an apiculus, white with a pair of oblong rose-
coloured blotches in the middle contracted portion, and a
pair of small toothed crests on the disk. — La Guaijra;
Caracas.
'Fig.— Bat. Mag., t. 5736.
0. CoradiEei, Rchb. f. — A distinct showy Odontoglot sup-
posed to be a natural hybrid between 0. triumphans and some
species of the 0. odoratum group. The pseudobulbs are
elongate ovate compressed, with ligulate oblong leaves usually
in pairs, with accessory ones sheathing the bulbs and evolving
from their axils the flower scape with its raceme of eight to
ten flowers. The flowers are stellate, three inches across,
■with lanceolate acuminate sepals and petals, which are
primrose yellow, with some large irregular blotches of chest-
nut brown ; the lip is shorter, obovate oblong, apiculate, con-
tracted in the middle, paler yellow, with a large squarish
blotch of chestnut red in the central part, and a crest of two
ODONTOGLOSSUM. 431
upcurved horns on the disk. This plant blooms during the
winter months. — Neic Grenada.
Fig.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 90 ; Xenia OrcJi., t. 192, figs. 1—4 ; Card.
Chron., 1872, 1068, tig. 251.
0. COrdatum, Lindley. — An old though very distinct and
handsome species of free-growing and free-blooming habit,
and one therefore which deserves to be grown for its
utility. It has oblong obtuse compressed pseudobulbs,
broadly oblong acute leaves, and distichous racemes of
prettily spotted flowers on scapes which issue from the axils
of accessory leaves, and grow about a foot in height. The
flowers are stellately expanded, with lanceolate caudate acumi-
nate sepals and shorter broader petals, both yellow, the surface
of the sepals almost ~ wholly covered by numerous trans-
verse oblong bars of bright chestnut brown, that of the
petals with roundish blotches of the same colour ; the lip is
cordate acuminate, white with a line of brown spots down the
centre and another round the mai'gin, the apex being wholly
brown, the claw bearing a bilobed fleshy appendage or crest.
There are many varieties of this species, which requires to be
grown in a pot in peat. — Mexico ; Guatemala.
YiG.— Orchid Album, iv. t. 186 ; Knowles and Wesic, Floral Cab., t. 100 ;
Pescatorea, t. 26 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4878 (as maculatum) ; Batem., 2nd Cent,
of Orch. PI., t. 167 ; Id., Mon. Odont., t. 25 ; Gartenflora, t. .S56.
Syn. — 0. Iloolcerianum.
0. COrdatum salphureum, Rchh. /. — A curious variety, in
which the flowers have sulphur-coloured sepals, while the
petals and lip are white with sulphur-coloured tips and
blotches; it was flowered by Mr. F, Sander in 1880. — Mexico.
0. COrdatum SUperbum, Hart. — This is a very fine variety
of the old and useful 0. cordatum. It produces flower scapes
upwards of two feet high and very much branched, and in
which the flowers are not only larger, but theii" colours very
much richer than in the type. There is a fine plant of
this variety in the collection of Baron Schroder, The Dell,
Staines. — Mexico.
0. COronariuin, Lindley. — A charming species, one of the
finest in the genus. It has oval compressed shining pseudo-
bulbs and dark green oblong coriaceous leaves. The scape,
which rises upright from the side of the bulb, is about a foot
and a half in height, and bears a many-flowered raceme
a foot long, loaded with flowers which are nearly two inches
432
tJKCHID- GROWER S MANUAL.
broad, the sepals and petals reddish brown edged with
yellow, the cuneate retuse lip bright yellow. It does best in
a pot or basket in peat, and will continue a long time in
perfection. This species is generally considered difficult to
bloom, but we think this is due to bad cultivation, since Sir
T. Lawrence, Bart., M.P., flowers it frequently, grown in a
house along with other Odontoglots. — New Grenada.
"EiG.—Pescatorea, t. 47 ; ' Warner, Sel. Orch. FL, iii, t. 4 ; Baiem., Mon.
Odont., t. 27.
Syn. — 0, candelabrum,
0. crispum, Lindley. — One of the most beautiful and most
useful of Orchids, which from its identity with 0. crispum
not having been at first discovered, and from its having
when originally introduced in a living state received the
popular name of 0. Alexandres, is perhaps even yet better
known in gardens by this latter designation. It is a charm-
ing addition to our collections, and one which affords many
variations, ranging from a pure white to yellow and rose, and
including various highly spotted forms. The pseudobulbs
are oblong ovate compressed,
with a pair of ligulate oblong
acute leaves, and radical scapes
from the axils of accessory leaves,
bearing racemes or panicles of
the lovely flowers, which often
have the ovate lanceolate sepals
flushed with rose, the broadly
ovate pure white petals being
much undulated, and the oblong
ovate lip much crisped and acu-
minate, with a rich yellow stain
over the discal portion, and
having one or two small red-
brown spots about the centre
and a series of radiating lines
of the same colour at the base.
This is regarded as a fair example of the species, but, as
just noted, there are many varieties of the plant, some
much finer and larger than others, though very few prove
altogether inferior. It is a most graceful plant, producing
its lovely spikes of bloom freely when kept quite cool, and
lasting in beauty a long time if the flowers are kept free from
damp. This indeed is the case with all white or light-
ODONTOGLOSSTJM CRISPUM.
1
'^^
ODONTOGLOSSUM. 433
coloured flowers when placed in a cool house ; if they become
damp they soon get spotted, and so lose their beauty.
The form which originally received the name of 0. Alexandrce
had nearly pure white flowers, with a bright golden blotch
on the lip.
The plant called 0. Bhmtii is a form with white sepals
and petals shaded with rose and richly spotted with purplish
crimson, the lip also being profusely spotted.
We may repeat that this is the most useful of all the Odon-
toglots, and one cannot have too many of it, so useful is
it for every purpose for which flowers are grown. — Neiv
Grenada : Bogota, at an altitude of 7,000 to 8,000 feet.
YlG.— Orchid Album, i. t. 47 ; Jennings, Orch., t. 26 ; Floral Mag., t. 343;
Bateman, Mon. OdonU, tt. 14, 19 ; Flore des Serres, t. 1652 (Bluntii).
Syn. — 0. Alexandra!, 0. Bluntii,
0. Crispum aureum, Hon. — One of the best yellow
varieties of 0. crispum we have yet seen. The sepals and
petals are of a deep lemon yellow, the sepals spotted with
brown ; and the lip is yellow, having two brown spots on
the anterior part. This variety was exhibited by F. A.
Philbrick, Esq., Bickley, at the Koyal Horticultural Society's
meeting in February, 1884, and was awarded a first-class
certificate. — Neiv Grenada.
Stn. — 0. Alexandrce. aureum.
0. crispum Cooksoni, Williams and Moore. — A very splen-
did variety, one of the best spotted forms yet obtained. The
sepals and petals are white, heavily marked in broad patches
with dark brownish crimson, and the lip is white, haung a
large blotch of the same brownish crimson on its anterior part
and a few spots on either side of the crest, which, with the
disk, is golden yellow. It flowers during the summer
months. — New Grenada.
'Fig.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 118.
Syn. — 0. Alexandres Cooksoni,
0. crispum flaveolum, Bckb. f. — A most distinct and
pleasing variety, having the flowers of a pale sulphur yellow
colour, and the lip of a bright yellow, marked with about
three reddish brown spots. — New Grenada.
¥lQ.— Orchid Album, i. t. 43.
Syn, — 0. Alexandrce flaveolum..
0. crispum giganteum, Moore. — A magnificent variety, in
which the pseudobulbs and leaves are large and robust, and
434 oechid-geower's manual.
the flower spike three feet high, and many-flowered. The
flowers are large, four and three-quarter inches across, white
shghtly flushed on the sepals with blush, the sepals and petals
otherwise colourless, very broad and very densely frilled ; the
lip, which is large and frilled, with a broad apiculate recurved
apex, has the usual yellow disk, and in front of it a few
chestnut brown spots, which are sometimes confluent into an
irregular blotch. The noble flowers are arranged in two
series, one on each side the rachis, and form a full secund
inflorescence. — New Grenada.
YiG.— Warner, Sel Orch. PI., iii. t. 20.
Syn. — 0. Alexandrce giganteum.
0. crispum guttatum, Moore. — A very handsome variety,
in which the flowers are large, white, the sepals and petals
bearing a few spots of reddish brown ; and the lip is large,
deep yellow at the base, and there dotted with red, having a
single large spot in its central part and other smaller spots
along the margin. — New Grenada.
Fig— Bot. Mag., t. 5697 ; Orchid Album, ii. t. 94 ; Puydt, Les 0 ch., t.
.28.
Syn.— 0. Alexandra guttatum.
0. crispum Lehmanni, Bchh. /.— A remarkable variety,
i^pith narrow leaves, and flowers smaller than those of the type,
and described as being produced on a branching inflorescence,
sometimes as many as fifty in one panicle. There are several
reddish brown spots on the lip of this variety, which is very
distinct, being much broader than that of the typical O.
crispum, and altogether a rounder flower. — New Grenada.
0. crispum Marianse, Moore. — A very handsome and dis-
tinct variety, which was first flowered by R. Warner, Esq.
The flowers are about two and a half inches in diameter, the
sepals being as bi'oad as the petals, both pale rose colour
heavily blotched with reddish purple ; and the lip is white,
spotted profusely with pale brown, and having a yellow disk.
— New Grenada.
Syn.— 6>. Alexandrce Marianm.
0. crispum roseum, Moore. — A very handsome and distinct
variety, having the sepals and petals deeply tinted with lilac-
rose colour, and marked with a few irregularly scattered spots
of chestnut brown ; the lip, which is white, and broad at the
ODONTOGLOSSUM.
435
tip, with a recurved apiculus, is more freely spotted with
brown, the yellow disk being less prominent. — New Grenada.
¥m.— Floral Mag., 2 sen, t. 2G9.
Syn, — 0. Alexandres roseum,
0. Crispum Sanderiauum, Hon. — A very distinct and
beautiful variety, Laving large port wine coloured blotches on
the sepals and petals. It was exhibited by Baron Schroder
at the Orchid Conference of the Koyal Horticultural Society
in May, 1885. — New Grenada.
0. crispum Steyensii, Williams and Moore. — One of the
finest of the spotted forms, with noble flowers three inches
across. The sepals and petals are white, vei-y heavily spotted
and blotched with bright cinnamon brown ; the lip is also
similarly spotted, and has the orange stain on the disk very
prominent. It is quite one of the best forms yet observed. —
New Grenada.
'Fig.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 127.
Syn. — 0. Alexandra Stevensii.
0. crispum Trianse, Moore. — A superb variety, with very
large flowers nearly three inches in diameter. The sepals are
white shaded with rose, the dorsal one having a single large
round spot of ferruginous red in the centre, while the lateral
ones have each three such spots, with a patch of several
smaller ones of bright rose on their outer half ; the petals are
pure white very broad toothed and wavy ; and the lip, which is
broad and two-lobed at the apex, has the usual yellow disk,
and a large blotch of ferruginous or coppery red in the centre,
with smaller spots of the same colour along the upper margins.
It flowers in October. — New Grenada.
Yia.—Bot. Mag., t. 5691;
Stn. — 0. Alexandra Triance,
0. crispum Yeitclliaiium, Bchh. f. — This is one of the most
distinct and richly coloured of all the many beautiful forms of
O. crispum at present introduced. In its pseudobulbs, leaves,
and inflorescence, it resembles the typical plant. The flowers
are produced in well-furnished racemes, and are of large
though perhaps not the largest size, broad and well filled out
as to form, and very gaily coloured. The sepals are broadly
ovate with the edges undulated, and the base very little nar-
rowed, white with about two large central blotches of deep
brownish crimson, and a row of smaller oblong blotches out-
T 2
4O0 ORCHID-GROWEE S MANUAL.
side these, all being enclosed by a belt of purplish rose some
distance within the margin, which preserves its pure white
character. The petals are also ovate, but considerably broader
and more decidedly undulated, the margins being also toothed ;
the colour resembles that of the sepals, but there is frequently
only one central blotch, which is then larger than those on
the sepals. The lip is oblong, broad, and well displayed,
white with yellow disk, the surface marked by a few crimson
splashes over the central parts, and pencillings near the edge,
with the usual radiating lines round the base of the column.
It is certainly one of the handsomest forms that has yet
appeared. The plant is now in the rich collection of Baron
Schroder, of Staines. — New Grenada.
'Fig.— Florist and Pomol., 1884, 177, t. 623.
Syn. — 0. crispum mirabile.
0. crispum virginale, Williams. — This is a pure white
variety, having very large flowers of fine substance, without
either spot or tinge of pink in the sepals and petals ; the
disk and crest of the lip yellow as in the type. It was
exhibited by us at South Kensington in November, 1882,
when it received a first-class certificate. — New Grenada.
Stn. — 0. Alexandres virginale.
0. crispum Warneri, Moore. — A magnificent form of this
beautiful species, exhibited at the Royal Horticultural
Society's Exhibition in 1869. It is a large-growing vigorous
form, with long close secund racemes of very large blossoms,
upwards of three inches in diameter, having the sepals white
stained with rose, and spotted on the central area with about half
a dozen oblong spots of chestnut brown ; the petals very broad,
dentate at the edges, pure white ; and the lip, which is large
and densely frilled, white stained at the base with rich
yellow, in front of which is a large squarish patch of bright
chestnut brown. This fine variety has been well figured by
Mr. Warner. — New Grenada.
Fig.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, ii. t. 23.
^Y^.— O. Alexandra Warneri.
0. Cristatellum, Echh. f. — This species is allied to 0.
cristatum, and is a very rare plant. It has ovate pseudo-
bulbs of moderate size, ligulate oblong acute leaves, and
radical peduncles terminating in racemes of attractive flowers
each two and a half inches across, in which the roundish
oblong-ovate sepals and petals, which are about of equal size,
ODONTOGLOSSUM. 437
are yellow heavily blotched so as to be nearly covered with
chestnut brown ; the lip is smaller oblong panduriform,
apiculate, yellow at the base and chestnut brown in front,
furnished with subulate radiate calli on the disk, and a pair of
lamellae standing before them. It flowers during the summer
months. — United States of Colovihia.
¥10,.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 66.
Syn. — 0. Lehmanni.
0. cristatum, Lindley. — A pretty compact-growing and
free-flowering species. The pseudobulbs are conical, of a
light shining green, and the leaves linear-lanceolate and
very acute ; the many-flowered radical scape bears a raceme
of flowers, which are about two and a half inches across, with
lanceolate acuminate spreading sepals and petals, and a de-
flexed lip of the same form, furnished with a multipartite
crest, of which the anterior lobes are largest. The flowers are
of a honey- like yellow, with dark brown blotches which nearly
cover their whole surface, the petals being distinguished by
zigzag bars of yellow, and the base of the lip being white.
There are several varieties of this, some of which are very
deficient in colour. Prof. Reichenbach has distinguished
three {Gard. Chron. 1868, 1014), namely : AlgUS, bright
yellow with many purplish freckles and speckles, the lip
white with purplish markings ; Canaria, canary-yellow with
a single purplish blotch on each sepal and petal, the lip as
in the preceding ; and Dayanum, a possible hybrid, with
flowers of the normal colour. — Peru, Ecuador.
¥lG.—IUust. Hort., 3 ser., t. 21 (Argus).
0. crocidipterum, Rchb. f. — A species in the way of 0.
TKBvium and 0. odoratum. The pseudobulbs are nearly
elliptical, but tapering to the apex, ancipitous, blunt at
the edges, and in age become wrinkled all over but never
furrowed ; the leaves are longicuneate ligulate acute ; the
flowers grow in branching spikes, and are pale yellow spotted
with chestnut brown, the lip having a large quadrate brown
spot on its anterior part, and a smaller one of similar colour
on each side of the calh. The flowers have a peculiar and not
very agreeable odour. It flowers during the autumn months.
— New Grenada.
YlQ'.—Xenia Orch., ii. t. 192, fig. 2.
_ 0. cuspidatum xanthoglossum, Rchh. /.—This is a very
distinct and brilliantly coloured variety of 0. cuspidatum — a
438 ORCHID- grower's manual.
species which has primrose yellow sepals and petals, and a
white cuspidate lip, all the parts blotched with dark brown.
It produces long branching racemes of flowers, which are
large and of a rich golden yellow, the sepals and petals being
blotched and barred with chestnut brown, and the lip pan-
durate cuspidate, the edges very wavy and much toothed,
yellow with a large reddish brown blotch at the base. It
flowers during March and April. — Colombia.
Fig.— .Tenia Orch., ii. t. 184, figs. 1, 2 (cuspidatum).
0. Denisonise, Ho7-t. — A very fine Odontoglot, named in
compliment to Lady Londesborough, certificated by the Eoyal
Horticultural Society, and supposed to be a natural hybrid
between 0. crisjnuii and 0. luteo-purptireum {Irystrix), re-
sembling the latter in its vigorous habit and in the shape
of the flowers. The pseudobulbs are ovate, with a pair of
oblong lance-shaped leaves, and the flowers, which grow in
elongated racemes on radical scapes, are over four inches
across, the sepals lanceolate acuminate white with a few
oblong pale purplish spots ; the petals rather broader but
acuminate and of a pm-e white ; and the lip oblong blunt
denticulate, with a pale yellow stain over the disk and a few
spots of a rather darker purple, all the parts, the lip
especially, being undulated at the edge. — ^ew Grenada.
Fig.— Floral Mag., 2 ser,, t. 26.
0. Dormaimiailllin, Bchh. /.—A pretty little plant in the
way of 0. 7i(Evium. The pseudobulbs are small elliptic
blunt two-edged and rugose, the leaves short narrow linear-
lanceolate, and the stellate flowers in racemes. The sepals
and petals are white or whitish spotted all over with reddish
brown, and the lip is white with a large reddish blotch on the
anterior part ; the crest is white with two yellow areas on
either side. It flowers in January. — Colombia.
0. Edithise, Warner. — A very distinct and beautiful plant of
the 0. crispum type, having flowers about the size of those
of a large 0. Andersoniamim . The pseudobulbs are roundish
or ovate compressed, the leaves oblong ligulate, and the scape
bears a raceme of flowers, in which the slightly wavy sepals
and petals are flushed with rose, marked by a few large
transverse blotches of bright chestnut red, and broadly mar-
gined with yellow ; the petals have a white flame up the
centre, and the chestnut spots are smaller, those towards the
ODONTOGLOSSUM. 439
base confluent into irregular broken lines. The lip is some-
what hastate, deep yellow at the base, where there are about
four longitudinal red lines, and a fringe of smaller transverse
streaks on each side, the centre having two or three chestnut
brown blotches, and the wavy margin and front portion pale
primrose. It flowers in the spring. — Colombia.
Fig.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, iii. t. 25.
0. Edwardii, Rchb. f. — A species of great merit, and one
that should be grown by every one on account of its distinct-
ness of colour and the deHcious perfume of its flowers. It is
a stout-growing plant, producing large pear-shaped pseudo-
bulbs of a dark green colour. The flowers are produced in
large thyrsoid panicles, and although small individually are
nevertheless very efi'ective on account of their being produced
in profusion — hterally by hundreds ; they have the sepals and
petals bright violet purple, the sepals asperous on the outer sur-
face, and the lip of the same colour with a bright yellow base.
The flowers of this species, which have a delicious perfume of
violets, are produced in February and March. We saw this
plant well flowered in the collection of Baron Schroder, The
Dell, Staines, under the care of the gardener, Mr. Ballantine.
— Ecuador.
0. elegans, Rchb. f. — This most distinct plant was imported
with a batch of 0. cirrhosum, of which species it is doubtless
a natural hybrid, resembling it as it does not only in the
shape of its flowers, but also in its habit of growth, and in its
paniculate inflorescence. Its other parent is supposed to be
0. cristatum. The lanceolate acuminate sepals and broader
caudate petals are yellowish white, and are marked with a
number of dark chocolate spots and blotches, so as to become
almost covered, the sepals especially so ; the lip is hastately
triangular caudate, with two long serrated keels on the disk,
pale yellow at the base, white in front, having a large rich
brown blotch in the centre and one or two spots towards the
apex ; the crest is deep yellow, the column white with choco-
late markings. It flowers in May. — Ecuador.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 111.
0. excellens, Rchb. /. — This ' wonderfully fine ' plant is
thought to be a natural hybrid between 0. Pescatorei and 0.
tripudians. The flowers are rather broader than those of the
latter; the sepals yellow with a few purple blotches, the dorsal
uo
ORCHID- GKOWEE S MANUAL.
one white in the centre ; the petals much broader, white,
having yellow margins ; and the lip pandurate, emarginate,
apiculate, white, having numerous small purple blotches on
the sides and a few larger purple blotches on the front ; the
crests are yellow, and consist of two long divaricate keels, one
on each side of a central line, the keels having one tooth at
the back and another at the end, while on each side stand a
series of curved teeth. It flowers during the summer months.
— New Grenada.
ODONTOGLOSStTM GLORIOSUM.
0. Graleottianum, A. Pdch. — This plant is nearly allied to
0. nehulosum, and also in its growth and its pseudobulbs
resembles O. Cervantesii, so that it may possibly be a hybrid
between these two species. The flowers are produced in short
racemes, and are white, with the exception of the petals, which
are transversely barred with brown at the base ; the triangu-
lar subcrispate lip is white, with a few streaks of yellow near
the base, and having a three-lobed white callus. It is still a
rare plant. — Mexico.
Fia.—Iiich., Orch. Mex., t. ined. 89.
ODONTOGLOSSUM. 441
0. gloriosilin, Linden et Rchb. f. — This species appears to
seed very freely in its native country and produces numberless
varieties, of which some are more ornamental than others. It
is a plant of good constitution, easily grown, travels well, and
flowers in the summer or show season. The pseudobulbs and
leaves resemble those of 0. crispum, and the plant bears a
long branched inflorescence. The flowers vary much in size
and colour, but are mostly yellow, sometimes clouded with
green, and always spotted with lively chestnut brown ; they
are stellate, with oblong-ligulate acuminate sepals and petals,
the former having a few larger, the latter more numerous
smaller spots on the basal half, and a lip which is cordate
at the base, ligulate acuminate upwards, angulate towards
the base, and having just above the crest a solitary irregular
brown blotch. This plant is very fragrant, with a powerful
hawthorn-like scent. — Neiv Grenada.
FiG.—Bate7n., Mon. Odont., t. 12; Gard. Chron., 1865, 678, with fig.
0, grande. LindUij. — This species is well nwnedigrande, for
it is indeed the finest of the genus, and one of the most showy
Orchids in cultivation ; it is a grand old plant, a universal
favourite, which no collection should lack. It has ovate-
oblong compressed ancipitous pseudobulbs, with a pair of
broadly ovate striated wavy leaves, and a two to five-flowered
erect scape springing from the
base of the bulbs, and bearing
the very large gaily-coloured
flowers, which measure from
five to seven inches across,
and are developed during the
autumn months. The sepals
are oblong-lanceolate, yellow,
transversely blotched with ir-
regular bands of chestnut
red ; the petals are broader,
oblong, with a single obcor-
date spot of chestnut red over odontoglossum grande.
the lower two-thirds, the rest being clear bright yellow ;
the lip is roundish, emarginate, unguiculate, creamy white',
with a few concentric bands of chestnut red in front of the
disk, and dotted with irregular-shaped pale reddish brown
spots around the edge. It remains in perfection for three or
T 8
442
OECHID-GBOWER 1
The plant should be
four weeks, if the flowers are kept dry.
grown in a pot. — Ouatemala.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 3955 ; Batevi., Orch. Mex. et Guat, t. 24 ; Id., Mon.
Odont., t. 8 ; Flore des Serves, t, 21 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., viii. ^9, with tab. ;
Jennings, Orch , t. 13 ; Annales de Gand, 1845, t. 37 ; Gartenflora, t. 270 ;
Orchid Album, ii. t. 79 ; Hartinger, Parad., i. t. 13.
0. grande magniflcuin, Williams. — This variety in its habit
of growth resembles the type, hut it bears sixteen flowers
ODONTOGLOSSUM HALLII.
upon one scape, and these measure seven inches in diameter,
and have the most splendid and brilliant markings ; the lip is
also large in proportion. We saw this plant, which well
deserves the name of magnificum, in the collection of the late
T. Dawson, Esq. With it there were in bloom from ninety to
ODONTOGLOSSUM. 443
a hundred plants of 0. ijrande, forming a really beautiful dis-
play.— Guatemala.
0. Hallii, Lindley. — A very charming and beautiful species
belonging to the 0. luteo-purpurcum. section, but having
flowers far superior and more beautiful than those of any
variety of that species. The pseudobulbs are ovate acuminate
ancipitous, about three inches high ; the leaves ensiform,
upwards of a foot long, and two inches broad, light green,
and the scape many-flowered, produced from the base of the
bulbs. The flowers measure about four inches across, the
sepals and petals being ovate-lanceolate acuminate, bufi" yellow,
heavily blotched and the petals barred near the base with
purplish brown ; and the large oblong acuminate lip is white
with a rich yellow throat streaked with orange and white, the
surface blotched with purplish brown, the margin white and
beautifully fringed. There is a large multipartite crest at the
base of the lip. This plant is sometimes called by the varietal
name leucoglossum to distinguish it from the next, but as it
represents the type of the species which had a white lip, this
name is quite supererogatory.— P<?rw ; New Grenada, eleva-
tion 8,500 feet.
'Fig.— Warner, Stl. Orch. PL, iii. t. 10; Bntem., Mon. OJonf., t. 21 ; fllust.
Eort., 3 ser., t. 58 ; Floral Mag., t. 378 ; Gard. Chron., 1865, 962, with fig. ;
Xenia Orch., i. t. 63, fig. 1 ; Bot. Mag., t. 6237 (pectinate column wing>).
0. Hallii xantlioglossum, Rchh. f. — A very beautiful and
distinct variety having large flowers, with broad sepals and
petals, the colour of which is a bright yellow beavily blotched
and spotted with chestnut brown ; the lip is large and broad,
bright yellow spotted with reddish brown. This variety
forms an efiective companion for the white-lipped O. Hallii..
It flowers during the spring and summer months. — Peru.
0. hastilabium, Lindleij. — A handsome pleasing and fra-
grant Orchid, which produces its flowers in June, July, and
August, their colours being purple, green, and white. It con-
tinues blooming for two months if kept in a cool house. The
pseudobulbs are oblong compressed, ribbed, bearing a pair
of linear-oblong obtuse leaves, and from the axil of an
accessory leaf at its base a panicle of fragrant flowers, some
three inches in diameter, with the linear lanceolate acuminate
undulated sepals and petals pale green barred transversely
with thin purple lines, and the broadly hastate lip having the
basal part purple, triangular, with two acute side lobes, and
444
OECHID-GROWER S MANUAIi.
the front part white, roundish, ovate acute ; the purple part
bears a crest of five irregular lamellae. This is a useful plant
for exhibition, on account of its continuing so long in bloom.
— New Grenada.
'Em.—Bot. Mng.,t. 4272 (non t. 4919, which is cariniferum) ; Batem., Mon.
Odont., t. 7 ; Pescatorea, t. 11.
0. hebraicum, Rchb. f. — This very beautiful and distinct
Odontoglot, supposed to be a natural hybrid, has elongate
ovate compressed pseudobulbs, ligulate oblong leaves, and
dense racemes or panicles of showy stellate flowers, of
which the ovate lanceolate acuminate sepals and petals
are pale yellow, and are striped and heavily spotted with
chestnut brown, the markings being suggestive of Hebrew
characters. The hastate lip is yellow, darker at the base,
where it is marked by short radiating lines of crimson, the
front part undulate and acuminate, and having a large cordi-
form blotch of maroon-brown. It flowers in the summer
months. — New Grenada.
YiG.—Oi-cMd Album, v. t. 194.
0. hehraicuin lineoligerum, Rchb. f. — An interesting
variety of the pi'eceding, first flowered by C. Wynn, Esq., of
Birmingham. The flowers when they first open are pale
yellow, changing with age to creamy white, distinctly marked
with longitudinal bars and oblong blotches of purple- crimson,
the margins and tips unspotted. The lip is elongate triangular
acuminate wavy pale yellow, having three or four purple-
crimson spots variously disposed on its anterior part ; on the
disk are a pair of prominent divergent crests, the area which
surrounds them being deep yellow. It flowers during the
summer months. — New Grenada.
'Fig.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 85.
0. Horsmanni, Rchb. f. — A very beautiful and distinct
plant, supposed to be a natural hybrid between 0. Pescatorei
and 0. luteo-jmrpureum. The pseudobulbs are pear-shaped,
compressed. The flowers are of good form, well filled up, and
very ornamental ; the sepals and petals yellowish white blotched
with cinnamon ; the lip broad, yellowish white, with a large
yellow disk blotched with cinnamon. It was discovered by
Mr, Frederick Horsman. When the many-flowered racemes
of this Odontoglot are well developed, as we have frequently
seen them, the efiect they produce is highly pleasing. The
ODOXTOGLOSSU.
lEBEAICUM.
ODONTOGLOSSUM. 445
plant blooms during the •winter months. — New Grenada :
Ocana.
0. Humeaillllll, Kchb. f. — A very pretty Orchid, supposed
to be a wild cross between 0. cordatum and 0. Rossii. It is
named in honour of the late W. B. Hume, Esq., in whose
collection it flowered for the first time. The inflorescence is
two-flowered; the flowers have the sepals triangular acuminate,
keeled behind, yellow striped with bars of cinnamon brown,
the oblong acuminate crispulate petals white, with three sepia
brown blotches at their base, and the cordate-ovate acute crenu-
late lip white, with a two-lobed yellow callus striped with red
on its disk. — Medico .
0. liystrix. — See Odontoglossum luteo-purpueeum.
0. Insleayl, Lindley. — This noble plant has very much the
aspect of 0. grande. It has ovate compressed pseudobulbs,
from which grow a pair of broad oblong-ensiform leathery
leaves, and at their base an erect scape bearing some eight or
ten flowers each three inches across, the oblong slightly wavy
sepals and petals being of a pale yellow thickly transverse-
blotched with rich chestnut brown ; the lip is narrow obovate
retuse, smaller than that of 0. grande, bright yellow with a
row of crimson spots around the margin. It is further distin-
guished by the presence of a pair of red subulate horns or
cirrhi on the column. The flowers are produced at difi'erent
times of the year, lasting m beauty three weeks. The variety
macranthiim of Lindley [0. Lawrenceaniim, Hort.), which has
flowers three and a half inches across, diflers in the lip
wanting the row of marginal spots, and in having a dark-
coloured base with a yellow crest. — Mexico.
Fig. — Warner. Sel. Orch. PL, ii. t. 25; Journal Eort. Soc, viii. 65, with
fig. (macranthum) ; Batem., Orch. Mex, et Guat., t. 21 ; Id., Mon. Odont., t.
4 ; Flore des iSerres, t, 62.
0. Insleayi splendens, Rchb. f. — A very splendid variety,
in which the large flowers are four and a half inches across,
and of fine substance, from four to six blossoms being pro-
duced on a scape during the months of October and November.
The sepals and petals are rich shining brown tipped and
edged with yellow, and the lip is large, yeUow spotted with
brilliant carmine, and having deep orange yellow crests. It
is one of the showiest Odontoglots with which we are ac-
quainted, and is extremely rare. — Mexico.
446 obchid-gbowek's manual.
0. Krameri, Hchb. f. — A rather pretty dwarf-growing
species, in which the pseudobulbs are compressed, with sharp
edges, in some specimens roundish, in others ovate, pale
g/een, bearing a single leaf. The peduncles are freely pro-
duced from the base of the bulbs, and are pendulous, bearing
several flowers ; the sepals and petals are ligulate obtuse, and
the lip somewhat reniform, deeply notched in front ; the
whole flower being of a charming violet colour, and the lip, in
addition, being marked and spotted with yellow and purple,
and having two lines of rich dark brown near the column. It
is a good addition to this numerous family, and should be
grown in peat and sphagnum moss, but will require a little
more warmth than the generality of the genus. — Coata Rica.
Fig.- Gard. Chron., 18i;8, 98, with fig. ; Bot. Mag., t. 5778 ; Floral Mag.,
t. 40G ; Butem., Man. OJont., t. 24; Orchid Album, i. t. JO.
0. Iseve, Lindleij. — A pretty and variable spe/ies, of free-
growing habit, with ovoid compressed pseudobulbs, a pair of
elongate lorate obtuse leaves, and a panicled inflorescence of
rather large and showy flowers, in which the sepals and petals
are oMong linear acute, flat, yellowish green transversely
banded with chocolate-red (sometimes yellower with cinna-
mon-red markings) ; the lip pandurate, deflexedfrom near the
base, which is pale lilac-purple, and the emarginate mucronate
apex white. The crest consists of only two shght almost
obsolete ridges on the disk, whence the name lave. Being
a very abundant bloomer, it should become generally culti-
vated, especially as it will thrive under the very coolest
treatment. — Mexico .
'EiG.—Bot. Reg., 1844, t. 39; lUust. Sort., t. 213.
0. Iseve Reiclienlieimii, Moore. — This fine plant so closely
resembles 0. Iceve as to be scarcely distinguishable. It is a
strong free-growing and handsome variety, sending up its
branched panicle some two or three feet in height, and bearing
a profusion of attractive flowers ; the sepals and petals are
yellowish green barred with purplish brown, and the lip varies
very much in colour, in some varieties being quite dark, and
in others a light purple. In this plant the lip is not deflexed
as in l(Eve itself. When well grown it makes a fine specimen.
— Mexico.
Fig. — Pescatorea, t. 19; Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, ii. t. 16; Batem., Mon.
Odont., tt. 15, 16.
Syn.— 0. Reichenheimii,
ODONTOGLOSSUM. 447
0. Lawrenceamim. — See Odontoglossum Insleayi.
0. Leeanum, Ilc/ib. f. — A very distinct and handsome plant,
probably a wild hybrid, named in honour of W. Lee, Esq.,
Downside, Leatherhead. The pseudobulbs are ovate com-
pressed diphyllous, the leaves oblong ligulate acute, and the
scape radical, bearing an erect many-flowered raceme. The
flowers are of the stellate form, three and a half inches across ;
the sepals and petals are lanceolate acuminate, bright yellow
margined with orange, and spotted all over with small dots of
rich reddish brown, the petals having each an open eye-like
spot of clear yellow ; the oblong acuminate lip is pale yellow,
deeper at the base and apex, having a large brownish crimson
blotch towards the front, and a few marginal spots ; the
disk bears a thick linear keel, which extends into two rhom-
boidal toothletted lamellae. It flowers during the winter
months. — Xeiv Grenada.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 101.
0. Lindeni, Lindley. — A stout-growing species, which was
first flowered by H. J. Buchan, Esq., of Southampton. The
plant has tall pear-shaped pseudobulbs, erect ensiform
leaves nearly a foot long, and a flower scape two to three
feet high, the uniform lateral branches bearing five to seven
flowers, which form a regular unilateral series directed up-
wards. The flowers are about one and a half inch across,
of an uniform lemon-yellow, the sepals and petals clawed
lanceolate acute and much undulated, the lip ovate lanceolate
with an angular base, and a crest of two terete calli, which
are emarginate in front. It blooms during the summer
months. — New Grenada.
Fig.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 333.
0. Lindleyamim, Rchh. f. et Warsccw. — A distinct species,
with ovate oblong compressed pseudobulbs, linear lanceolate
acute leaves, and slender flexuose peduncles bearing a raceme
of stellate flowers, which measure about three inches in
depth, and consist of linear lanceolate acuminate sepals and
petals, cuneate at the base, jellow with an elongate bar of
cinnamon brown over half an inch long at the base, followed
by a large roundish spot of the same, the apex speckled with
small dots ; the lip, which is prominent, and three-lobed in
the middle part, has the base connate with the horned column,
and the projected front part deflexed linear lanceolate, brown
448 oechid-geower's manual.
"with a long yellow tip, the disk with two pairs of falcate lateral
lobes, which are white and very long. — New Grenada.
Fig. — Xenia Orch., i. t. 71 ; Batem., Mon. Odont., t. 11.
0. LondesboroTigliiainini, Rchb. f. — This is one of the most
distinct and brilliantly coloured of the Odontoglots. The
plant though epiphytal is deciduous, losing its ligulate acute
foliage in winter ; the pseudobulbs are oblong ovate, glaucous
green, farrowed in age ; and the flower scapes grow from
three to six feet in length, producing flowers towards their
upper end. The oblong sepals and ovate petals are con-
cave, wavy, yellow regularly cross-barred with reddish brown,
the basal markings arranged concentrically. The lip has a
long yellow claw, two conspicuous erect yellow auricles,
and a flat transversely reniform limb of a bright yellow, an
inch and a half broad, and very efi'ective. It produces its
blossoms during the autumn months. — Mexico.
Fig.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 82 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 246.
0. luteo-purpureum, Lindley. — The numerous varieties of
this magnificent plant have given rise to many names, but
most growers of Orchids are now satisfied that these represent
only varieties ; still, as such, they are well worthy of a place
in every collection. The typical form has thick oval com-
pressed pseudobulbs two to three inches long, ensiform leaves
two feet long, and flowers three inches or more across, in
racemes which issue from the side of the bulbs, and grow a
yard high. The sepals and petals are broadly lanceolate, the
latter fringed, all almost wholly covered by an oblong blotch
of bright chestnut brown, the margins and tips being yellow.
The lip is yellowish white with reddish brown spots, obovate
four-lobed and fimbriate, emarginate, the multifidly pectinate
crest being deep yellow. — New Grenada, altitude 7,000 to
8,000 feet.
'ElG.— Batem., Mon. Odont., t. 17; Gard. Chron., 1865, 746, with fig.
(radiatum) ; Id., N.S., xxi. 585, figs, 114, 115.
Syn. — 0. hystrix, 0. radiatum.
0. luteo-purpureum sceptrum, Rchb. /.—The royal or
sceptre-bearing variety of the preceding, and a plant of
wondrous beauty. The sepals are oval oblong, acuminated,
toothed and undulated, deep chestnut brown margined with
yellow ; the petals of the same form as the sepals, irregularly
lobed at the edges, yellow blotched with the same colour as
ODONTOGLOSSUM.
449
the sepals ; and the oval cordiform lip yellow, with serrated
edge and apiculate apex, and having a curved blotch of
chestnut brown in front of the disk. — New Grenada.
Fm.—Illust. Eort., 3 sen, t.
ODONTOGLOSSUM LUTEO-PURPXJRETJM (RADIATUM).
0. lyroglossum, Echb.f. — This very fine species is in the
way of 0. Wilckeanum, but differs in colour. The pseudo-
bulbs are oblong ovate, compressed, diphyllous ; its leaves
are oblong ligulate, and its radical scape bears a vigorous
raceme, the individual flowers of which are about four inches
across. The sepals and petals are oblong lanceolate, coarsely
toothed at the edges, of a bright yellow heavily blotched with
chestnut brown ; the lip is small, much fringed and toothed,
similar in shape to that of 0. luteo-purpureum, yellow with a
large blotch of chestnut brown in the centre. The plant is
supposed to be a natural hybrid between 0. Pescatorei and
0. luteo-purpureum. — New Grenada.
Fig. — Gard. Chron., N.S., xvii. 632, fig. 97, and supp. sheet.
450
OKCHID- GROWER S MANUAL.
0. maculatum, La Have. — A pretty and attractive species.
It has oblong compressed monophyllous pseudobulbs, oblong
nervose leaves, and pendulous or semi-erect many-flowered
racemes which are produced during winter. The sepals
are chestnut brown within, marked with green trans-
verse bars at the base, sometimes violet-purple ; the petals
ODONTOGLOSSUM LTROGLOSSUM.
yellow thickly spotted on the basal half with reddish brown,
and the lip cordate of the same colour as the petals. It will
last in bloom a long time, and succeeds best in a cool house,
in a pot, in peat and moss. — Mexico.
¥iQ.—Bot. Reg., 1840, t. 30 ; Pescatorea, t. 28 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., xiii.
147, -with tab. (as cordatum) ; Batetn., Mon. Odont, t. 20 j Orchid Album, ii.
t. 62 ; Floral Mag., t. 348 (as maculosum).
ODONTOGLOSSUM.
451
0. maculatum integrale, Bchb. f. — A very interesting
variety of 0. macxdatum, having the same habit of growth.
The flowers have the sepals light brown, the petals white
with a few transverse bars of brown at the base, and the lip
white with a yellow crest. — Guatemala.
0. madrense, Bchb. f. — A very distinct and handsome
species, with tall ligulate or narrowly-oblong two-edged
ODONTOGLOSSUM MULUS.
pseudobulbs, lorate acute nervose leaves, and lateral scapes
bearing an inclined raceme of about eight showy flowers,
which are deliciously fragrant, and three and a half or four
inches across in their vertical diameter. The sepals are
lanceolate acuminate, white with a bilobed reddish purple
blotch at the base, the petals broader oblong, white with a
purple blotch twice as long as that of the sepals, and the lip
452 OBCHID-GRO wee's MANUAIi.
shorter ovate cuspidate, with a claw which bears two collateral
crispy call), which, with the disk, are bright orange. This
species, which blooms during the summer months, and lasts
several weeks in perfection, is well grown by W. Vaimer, Esq.,
of Chislehurst. — Mexico.
Fig. — Orchid Album, ii. t. 71 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 158 (as maxillare) ;
Bot. Mag., t. 6144 (as maxillare).
0 mulUS, Rchb. f. — A very handsome plant, intermediate
between 0. luteo-purpureum and 0. gloriosum, differing from
the first in its narrower sepals and petals and its constricted
pandurate lip, and from the second in its broader sepals and
petals, its pandurate lip, the thicker cirrhi of its column, and
its radiant subbasilar callus. The habit and vegetative organs
of the plant resemble those of 0. luteo-purpureum, and it
produces large branching many-flowered panicles of star-
shaped flowers ; the sepals and petals are bright yellow, very
wavy at the margins, irregularly blotched with cinnamon brown ;
and the lip panduriform, yellow with a cinnamon blotch to-
wards the centre and two or three small spots near the crest.
It flowers during the spring months. — New Grenada.
YiG.—Xenia Orch.,u.t. 160, figs. 1, 2.
0. mulus Holfordianum, Bchb. f. — A very fine variety of
the preceding, which was flowered by R. S. Holford, Esq.,
Westonbirt, Tetbury, under the care of Mr. Chapman. The
ground colour of the flowers is whitish yellow, the sepals and
petals being marked with very dark purple-brown blotches ;
the lip is white, and has a large pandurate purple spot and
several smaller ones on the margins and base. — New
Grenada.
0. Murrelliamim, Rchb. f. — A very lovely plant, imported
with 0. Pescatorei, and doubtless a natural hybrid between
that species and 0. ncevium. It was named in honour of Mr.
Murrell, gardener to the late W. B. Hume, Esq., in whose
collection it first flowered. The plant quite resembles 0.
Pescatorei, and bears a raceme like that of 0. ncevium, the
lanceolate acute sepals and petals being plane, not at all wavy,
white with a light purplish violet tint, with some darker
purple blotches distributed with the greatest irregularity ; the
narrow three-lobed lip bears on its disk golden lamelliform
toothed calli, and has the side lobes semiovate, and the front
one ligulate acute and crenulate. — Neiv Greyiada.
ODONTOGLOSSUM.
453
0. nseviuin, LindUy. — A charming dwarf-growing Orchid,
bearing considerable resemblance to Oncidium phynmtochilum.
It has small ovate costate pseudobulbs, slender lanceolate
leaves, narrowed to the base, and spreading racemes or panicles
of stellate flowers, which are produced in June and July, and
last a considerable time in perfection. The sepals and petals
are narrow ovate lanceolate, attenuately acuminate, with wavy
margins, white irregularly blotched with rosy purple ; and the
slightly halberd- shaped lip is nearly of the same form,
pubescent, yellow on the prominently cristate disk, the front
part white and spotted like the petals, — Demerara; Venezuela,
elevation 6,000 feet ; New Grenada.
'FlG.—Paxt., Fl. Gard., i. t, 18 ; Pescatorea, t. 13 ; Flore des Serres, t. 594 ;
Batem., Mon. Odunt,, t. 9.
0. TiflRvinm majus, Lindley. — A beautiful variety of the pre-
ceding, producing upright spikes of much larger flowers, which
ODONTOGLOSSUM NEBULOSUM.
are pure white speckled all over with rich deep crimson, the
spots being generally larger and the whole colouration bolder.
The plant requires great care to grow it well ; a cool house
454 orchid-grower's manual.
suits it best, with a good supply of water — in short, it should
never be allowed to become dry. This and the preceding
last several weeks in bloom, and they both make fine exhibi-
tion plants. — Xew Grenada, elevation 8,000 feet.
-piG.— Warner, Set. Orch. PL, i. t. 7; Garlenflora, t. 791.
0. nebulosum, Lindley. — A very handsome species, with
oblong pseudobulbs, a pair of thick ligulate leaves, and a
flower scape which comes up with the young growth, and
bears five or six large flowers, and becomes pendulous as they
expand. The flowers are two and a half inches across;
the lanceolate elliptic sepals, and the much broader ovate
petals are clear white thickly studded in the lower half with
spots of reddish brown, or in some forms with red ; the lip is
ovate acute, much undulated, and otherwise differs only in the
spots being larger, with a faint tinge of yellow on the disk. —
Mexico.
YiG.—lllust. Hort., t. 200 (as maxillare) ; Batem., Mon. Odont., t. 1 ;
Gard. Chron., 1867, 572, with fig.
Stn. — 0. maxillare.
0. nebulosum candidulum, FicM. f. — A very pretty and
delicate variety, precisely like the previous plant, saving in
having the sepals and petals pure white, and entirely destitute
of the spotting or clouding at the base. It is not so good as
the type, but it is very distinct, and well worth a place in
every collection. — Mexico.
'EiG.—Gard. Chron., 1867, 710, with fig.
0. nevadense, Rchh. f. — A thoroughly distinct as well as
rare and beautiful species. It has large oblong-ovate pseudo-
bulbs which are diphyllous, lorate lanceolate keeled leaves
much narrowed to the base, and radical scapes bearing long
drooping racemes of numerous large and pleasingly coloured
flowers, of which the lanceolate sepals are of a clear bright
chestnut with a narrow even edge of yellow, the petals
smaller, similarly coloured, with two forked bars of pale
yellow in addition at the base opposite the lateral lobes of the
lip, which are large, erect, crescent-shaped, white spotted with
chestnut, the front lobe large, roundish, cuspidate- acuminate,
pure white, deeply fringed, the disk with a bifid crest and
three obcuneate brown spots. — New Grenada.
Fig.— Xewia Orch., ii. t. 191, figa. 1—3 ; Illust. Hort., 3 aer., t. 45 ; Orchid
]bum, iii. t. 131.
0. llol)ile. — See Odontoglo-!Sum Pescatokei.
ODONTOGLOSSUM,
455
0. ddoratum, Lindley. — This remarkably sweet-scented
species has oblong compressed grooved pseudobulbs, nar-
rowly cnsiform acute leaves, and branching panicles some-
times three feet long, the flowers being numerous, and having
the sepals and petals golden yellow blotched with brownish
red, narrowly lanceolate and crispy at the edges ; the lip is of
the same colour, white towards the base, hastate, with the
ODONTOGLOSSUM NEVADENSE.
front .lobe broadly subulate, and the disk with two pairs of
erect teeth. It blooms during the winter months. This plant
is often confounded with 0. gloriosum, but it is quite distinct.
A variety, latimaculatllin, Andre, is figured in U Illustration
Horticole, in which the parts are larger as well as flattened
out and broader, and the blotches of purple-brown on the
several members broader and more intensely coloured. — JSIew
Grenada.
YiG.—Bot. Mag., t. (502; llluJ. ^'ori., 3 . er., t. ".9 (L.timaculatum).
456 ORCHID- grower's manual.
0. CErstedii, Bchh. f. — A very pretty diminutive species,
having oblong ancipitous pseudobulbs, which are furnished
with a single cuneate oblong leaf, and producing erect scapes
bearing one or two flowers, of which the lanceolate wavy
sepals and the obovate retuse undulated petals are pure white,
while the flabellate lip, four-lobed in front, is white with a
yellow disk and a few red spots. This plant is very flori-
ferous, and is in addition deliciously scented ; it flowers
during the summer months. — Costa Rica.
¥lG.—Xenia Orch., i. t. 68, figs. 1—3; Gard. Chron., N.S., vii. 811, fig.
128.
0. pardimim, Lindley.^One of the most distinct species of
the genus, which was first flowered by Lord Rendlesham in
1878. It produces large ovate compressed pseudobulbs, narrow
elliptic-oblong acute leaves, and strong branching panicles
three feet long or more, freely furnished with flowers of large
size and of the purest golden yellow colour, ornamented
with several small orange red ocellated spots on the much
undulated petals and the lip, which latter is of a deeper yellow
than the other parts of the flower. It should be cultivated
on account of its distinct colour — a palish yellow lightly
spotted, its long lasting properties, and its delicious fragrance.
It flowers in March and April. — Peru, Ecuador.
'FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5993.
Syn.— Cyrtochilum pardinum.
0. Pescatorei, Linden. — A magnificient species, and one of
the choicest gems of the cool Orchid house. It is furnished
with small ovate slightly costate pseudobulbs, bearing a pair
of lorate leaves a foot in length, and producing branched
panicles of richly ornamental flowers during April and May.
The sepals and petals are ovate-oblong, undulated, white with
a shade of rose, and the cordate oblong cuspidate sub-
pandurate lip is white spotted with rose, the disk with its crest
being bright yellow streaked with crimson. The panicles some-
times contain as many as a hundred flowers. We ourselves
showed a specimen at Brussels with one hundred flowers ex-
panded at one time ; and when grown in this way the plant
produces a charming effect. There are several varieties of
it, all of them good. It does best in a cool house, grown in
a pot. — ]<[ew Grenada : Pamplona.
Fig.— Paxf. Fl. Gard., iii. t. 90 ; Pescntorea, t. 1 ; Flore des Serres, t.
1624 ; Lem. Jard. Fl., t. 331 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, i. t. 25 ; BaUm., Man.
Odont., t. 5 ; Orchid Album, iv. t, 175 ; Floral Mag., t. 241 (splendens).
Syn.—O. nobile.
CERBTEDII,
ODONTOGLOSSI
PHAL^lSOrSIS.
ODONTOGLOSSUM.
457
0. Pescatorei Lowianum, Bchb. f. — This plant was first
flowered by Sir T. Lawrence, Bart., M.P., and has very long
sepals and petals which have numerous mauve spots and dots
on a fine light mauve ground. — New Grenada.
0. Pescatorei SclLroderianunij Bchb. f. — A very beautiful
variety of 0. Pescatorei, the original plant of which sold for
70 guineas, and is now, after having changed owners, in the
collection of Baron Schroder, The Dell, Staines. In growth
it resembles the type, but its flowers come near those of
0. P. Veltchianum. The sepals and petals ai-e densely spotted
and blotched with purple, which marking, being rather con-
fined to the basal part of the sepals and petals, gives the
flowers a very distinct appearance. — New Grenada.
0. Pescatorei Veitchianum, BcM. f.—k very handsome
and distinct variety, resembling the type in its habit of growth,
and to some extent resembling 0. P. Schroderianum in its
flowers. The sepals and petals are white transversely
blotched at the base with mauve-purple, these markings
having the peculiarity of agreeing in their positions on the
sepals and petals, so that they form a series of irregular spots
and broken rings extending towards the apex. This plant
is in the collection of Baron Schroder. — New Grenada.
'ElG.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 68.
0. Phalsenopsis, Linden et
Echh. f. — A most lovely com-
pact - habited, elegant - growing
species, whose large showy
flowers are in strong contrast to
the slender foliage. It has ob-
long compressed pseudobulbs
narrowed upwards, bearing each
one linear acute grassy leaf eight
inches to a foot long. The
flowers, which are generally two
or more together on a spike, are
flat and very distinct from those
of any other kind ; the petals
are obovate obtuse, the sepals
oblong-ligulate and more acute,
both white ; and the hp, which
is panduriform, broader in front, and emarginate, is
ODOXTOGLOSSUJI PHAL^XQPSIS.
also
458 OKCHID-GBOWER's MANUAIi.
white with two great crimson blotches, one on each side of the
centre, where occurs a broken bar or two of the same colour,
the front edge of the blotches being extended into stripes.
The plant blooms in summer, and. will last in bloom four or
five weeks. This is a free plant to cultivate, but it requires
the heat of the Cattleya house in winter to grow it well ; it
also requires a well-drained pot, and good fibrous peat soil. —
New Grenada.
'FlG.—Pesca/orea, t. 44 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, i. t. 30 ; Baiem., Mon.
Odont., t. 3 ; Gard. Chron., 1872, 832, fig. 191 (specimen plant).
Syn. — Miltonia pulchella.
0. Pollettianuni, Hort. — A very handsome and distinct
Odontoglot, probably a natural hybrid between 0. crispum
and O. f/loriosum. The sepals and petals are white tinged
with purple on the underside and heavily blotched and
spotted with reddish brown ; the lip wedge-shaped. It was
exhibited by H. M. Pollett, Esq., Bickley, at South Keusing-
ton,atthe K.H.S. meeting in February, 1884. — New Grenada.
0. polyxantlllim, Bchh. /. — A rare and handsome plant
resembhng 0. Hallii in the character of its pseudobulbs
and foliage. Its flower scapes are some two feet or more in
length, drooping, the individual flowers being about four
inches in diameter. The sepals and petals are large ovate-
lanceolate acute, deep tawny yellow, the sepals having a
large roundish blotch of bright chestnut red towards the end
and various smaller markings near the base, the petals being
marked only near the base ; the lip is shorter, cordate, cus-
pidate, nearly covered by a broad dark chocolate brown blotch,
the edge being just marked with yellowish white and finely
toothed. It flowers in April and May. Introduced by Mr.
E. Klaboch in 1878. — Ecuador.
YiG.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 453.
0. prsenitens, Bchh. f. — A very interesting species, whose
flowers are in the way of those of 0. triuniphans, but are
smaller, though with clear shining colours, which make them
very effective. The sepals and very wavy petals are bright
shining sulphur yellow with a few large maroon-brown
blotches ; and the lip has the claw white, and its anterior
part yellow, marked in the centre with a cinnamon-coloured
blotch. It flowers in the spring months. At one time Prof.
Eeichenbach thought it might be a natural mule between
ODONTOGLOSSUM.
459
0. triumphans and 0. tripudians, but the shape of the lip,
recalling that of the old Miltonia cimeata, induces him to alter
this opinion. — New Grenada.
0. prionopetalum, Lawrence. — A very handsome and dis-
tinct species of the 0. htteo-purpureiim section. The sepals
and petals are rich yellow heavily spotted and barred with
chestnut brown, the petals being deeply serrated at the
ODONTOGLOSSUM POLYXANTHUM.
margins ; the lip is white in front, pale yellow behind,
with a large transverse brown blotch in the centre. It
flowers in spring. — New Grenada.
0. pulchellum, Bateman. — A neat and pretty species, re-
markable for its very thin oblong ancipitous two-leaved
pseudobulbs, and its narrow grassy leaves ; the flowers are
white, with the exception of the crest of the lip, which is
u 2
460 okchtd-geoweb's manual.
spotted with crimson. It blooms during the winter months,
and lasts five weeks in good condition. — Guatemala.
YiG.—Bot. Reg., 1841, t. 48 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4104 ; Moore, III. Orch. PL,
Odontoglossum, t. 9 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. Fl. ii,, 1. 13.
0. pulcTiellimi Dormanniannm, Williams. — This is the
largest variety of 0. pidchelliwi we have yet met with, being
far superior to 0. 2^ulchelbim majus. The pseudobulbs are
much stronger and stouter than in the type and are rounder
in form. The flowers, which are white, and one and a half to
one and three-quarters inch in diameter, have the sepals and
petals fully half an inch broad. It is named in compliment
to C. Dorman, Esq., Laurie Park, Sydenham. — Guatemala.
0. pulclielllini majus, Hort. — This is a very robust form of
0. j^ulchellum, having the pseudobulbs much larger. The
flowers are also nearly double the size of those of the ordi-
nary variety, and the racemes are stronger, with the blossoms
more numerous. In addition they are very fragrant, so that
one plant will perfume the house in which it is growing. — •
Guatem,ala.
0. purum, Echb. f. — A very pretty little species in the way
of 0. Wallisii. The flowers grow in spreading racemes, the
sepals being of a light yellow with the disk entirely covered
with sepia brown, the petals light yellow with a few blotches
of brown at the base, and the lip pure white, having a large
purple blotch about the centre. It flowers in the summer
months. — New Grenada.
0. radiatum. — See Odontoglossum luteo-pubpueeum,
0. ramosissimum, Lindley. — This is a very old and very
' distinct species with oval compressed pseudobulbs, very long
ensiform leaves, and scapes three or four feet high, bearing
panicles of innumerable flowers, the panicles being stiff
rand excessively divaricately branched. The sepals and petals
are narrow lanceolate undulate, of a brilliant white, the basilar
portions of the petals lilac-purple ; the lip is cordate, dilated
and undulated at the base, the front part lanceolate, acutely
pointed, having a large purple-hlac disk. It flowers during
the winter months. — New Grenada.
0. Eeiclieillieimii. — See Odontoglossum l^ve Eeichen-
BEIMn.
ODONTOGLOSSUM.
461
0. retusuni, Lindlcy. — Though not a large-flowered mag-
nificent plant, this species is well worth a place in a collection
on account of the profusion of flowers it produces during
winter. It is dwarf-growing, with linear-lanceolate papery
leaves, and an inflorescence consisting of a branching panicle
bearing upwards of a hundred flowers. The sepals and petals
are lanceolate acute, orange-red tinged with yellow ; the lip
oblong retuse, bilamellate at the base, in some varieties yellow,
and in others of the same colour as the sepals and petals. It
is very rare. — Ecuador.
0. Roezlii, Bchh. f. — One of the most beautiful of all the
Odonto<ilossums, producing blossoms twice a year ; it is a very
near ally and a close rival of O. vexillanum, and yet how dif-
ferent ! The plant has small narrow ovate acutely margined
pseudobulbs, long linear-lanceolate light green leaves, and
large flat sweet-scented flowers from two to three inches in
diameter, and borne one to three on a scape ; the obovate
oblong acute sepals are pure white, and the broader petals
are white with a bold purple spot at the base ; the lip is
obcordate, two and a quarter inches in breadth, white with a
yellowish stain, tinged with red around the crest. The flowers
last from four to five weeks in perfection if kept free from
damp. There are numerous varieties of this charming species,
many of which make fine subjects as exhibition plants ; some
of them are much lighter than the one here described, but
they are all worth cultivating. It is best grown in the
Cattleya house, and requires an abundance of moisture. It is
named in honour of M. Roezl, being one of his own intro-
ductions.— New Grenada.
Ym.—Xenia Orch., ii. t. 183; Bot. Mag., t. 6085; Batem., Mon. Odont.,
t. 30 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 90 ; Orchid Album, ii. t. 64 ; Gai-d. Chron.,
1873, 1302, fig. 2G9.
0. Roezlii album, Ball. — A charming variety of the last-
named species, the flowers of which are pure white with the
exception of a blotch of pale lemon yellow on the basal part
or disk of the lip. This very desirable variety lasts a long
time in perfection, and requires the same treatment as 0.
Pioezlii. — New Grenada.
Fig.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 164.
0. rossum, Lindley. — This very pretty little species is when
well grown a charming plant. It is evidently closely allied to
Mesosinnidium vulcanicum, but its flowers are not so brilliant
462 oechid-geoweb's manual.
in colour as those of that plant. Its pseudobulbs are ovate,
two-edged, dark green tinted with violet, the leaves ligulate
oblong bluntish, and the flowers in drooping racemes, each
flower about an inch across, rosy carmine with the tip of the
column white. The sepals and petals are oblong-elliptic, the
lip cuneate at the base, three-lobed, the lateral lobes small
enclosing the disk, which bears a four-lobed callus, the middle
lobe longer, linear, dilated at the end. It flowers during the
winter months, producing from twelve to twenty flowers on
each raceme, and it remains in beauty for a considerable time.
The cool house suits it best. — Peru.
YiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6084 ; Illust. Eort., 3 ser., t. 66 : Batem., Mon. Odont.,
t. 22.
Syn. — Mesospinidium roseuin,
0. Rossii, Lindley. — A very pretty and desirable little Orchid
of dwarf habit, growing some six or eight inches high. Its
pseudobulbs are tufted ovate and ancipitous, its leaves oblong
lanceolate, and its flowers borne on radical one or two-
flowered scapes. The flowers are about two inches ia
diameter ; the sepals are linear-lanceolate acuminate, keeled,
greenish yellow transversely barred with brown, the petals
are oblong obtuse, revolute at the tips, white with a dark
purple spot at the base, and the lip is roundish ovate
emarginate, with a cup-shaped fleshy yellow crest, with two
blunt teeth in front. The plant produces its white and purple
flowers during the winter, and lasts long in beaut3\ It is best
grown in a basket, or on a block, but should always be kept
moist. — Mexico.
'Em.—Bot. Reg., 1839, t. 48 ; Maund, Botanist,^, t. 222 ; Moore, III. Orch.
PL, Odontoglossum, 3 ; Knowles and tVestc. Floral Cab., t. 129.
Stn. — 0. acuminatum, 0. apierum.
0. Eossii majus, Van Houtte. — This is a superb variety of
0. PlossU, having the growth somewhat more robust, and the
deliciously fragrant flowers vastly superior in size, often
measuring as much as three inches or upwards in diameter,
and two or three blossoms being frequently borne upon each
spike; petals white, having a few purpUsh crimson blotches
towards the base ; sepals also white beautifully striped with
transverse bars of purplish crimson ; lip large, cordate, and
pure white, the column being in some varieties purple, in others
yellow. It blooms during mid-winter, lasting a very long
time in full beauty. — Mexico.
Tia— Flore des Serres, t. 2110 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, iii. t. 15.
ODONTOGLOSSUM. ' 463
0. rilbescens, Lindley. — One of the many small-flowered cool
Orchids for which we are indebted to the late Mr. Skinner. The
present species is a dwarf-growing kind, with oblong com-
pressed monophyllous pseudobulbs an inch long, and two to
six-flowered racemes as long as the leaves, the flowers having
linear-lanceolate straight and very acute sepals, blush white
richly spotted with crimson ; the petals are twice as broad,
oblong and wavy, spotted only near the base ; and the lip is
cordate obtuse, wavy, spotless white, and very pretty. —
Nicaragua.
0. Ruckerianum, Rchb.f.—A rare and handsome Orchid,
dedicated to the late Sigismund Rucker, Esq., in whose collec-
tion it first flowered. It was one of the first to appear of
those mysterious plants which are now generally looked upon
as natural hybrids, and is quite a gem, probably having
0. oispiwi for one of its parents. The habit and general
character agrees with 0. crispum, but the flowers dilfer
much in colour. The lanceolate cuspidate sepals and petals
are creamy white with a border of deep violet, and a few oblong
spots of brown on the inner surface ; the oblong ligulate
acuminate lip, which is angulate on both sides at the base, is
yellow in that part, and has two or three chestnut brown
blotches in the centre. The petals have the chestnut brown
basilar lines seen in 0. Ancle rsnnianum. The column is pluri-
cirrhose. This is a very distinct and desirable plant. — New
Grenada.
^IG.—Gard. Ckron., 1873, 105, fig, 18.
0. Euckerianmn splendens, Rchb. /.—A. very superior
form of the type, in which the flowers are much larger, the
sepals and petals broader, the blotches larger, and the mauve
colouring of the margin of the sepals and petals considerably
deeper. It flowers in June. — New Greyiada.
0. Sanderianilin, Rchb. f. — A curious and distinct plant
which bears stellate flowers from two to three inches in
diameter, and in shape and general appearance resembling those
of 0. constrictum, only that they are altogether larger and finer.
The plant was at first described as being similar to 0.
nevadensc, indeed it was supposed to be a natural hybrid
between 0. nevadense and 0. nccvium, but we fail to see any
resemblance. The sepals and petals are lanceolate acuminate,
yellow spotted with reddish brown ; the lip pandurate apicu-
464 OECHID-GROWEr's MANUAIi.
late, toothed at the edge, the front part enlarged, white
having a reddish blotch in the centre and a few small spots
near the apex. It flowers during the winter months. — Xeiv
Grenada.
0. ScMieperiamim, Rchb. f. — This species was for a long
time confounded with 0. Insleayi, and in growth it certainly
resembles that plant very much, notwithstanding that the
flowers are very distinct. The pseudobulbs are ovate
ancipitous diphyllous, the leaves oblong ligulate, and the
stout peduncle bearing a raceme of rather large showy
flowers. The sepals and broader petals are oblong ligulate
acute, of a pale sulphur yellow, cross-barred, the sepals
most so, with transverse bands of deepish purple, while the
lip is of a paler yellow, auricled on each side of the base
with reti'orse semiovate retuse lobes, the much larger middle
lobe being cuneate dilated and emarginate at the apex, and
bearing two or three transverse bars of brown. Compared with
the size of the flower the lip is somewhat small. It flowers
towards the end of summer, and not during the winter
months. — Costa Fdca.
FiG.—Xe7iia Orch., ii. 1. 143 ; Gard. Chron., 18G5, 1082, witli fig. ; Floral
Mag., t. 461.
Stn. — 0. grande pallidum; 0. Warscewiczii (Bridges).
0. Scliroderiaiium, Bchh.f. — This distinct and pretty novelty
was flowered in 1882 by Baron Schroder, the plant being under
the care of his gardener, Mr. Ballantine. In their general
form the flowers resemble those of 0. trlpudians, between
which and 0. Pescatorei it is suggested that it may be a wild
mule. The sepals and petals are oblong acute wavy, white with
mauve-purple blotches ; the lip is pandurate, broader at the
basal part, narrower, obcordate apiculate in front, white with
two mauve-purple blotches on the disk, behind which stands
the callus, consisting of a plate of radiating spines on each
side, yellow with some red spots. It flowers in summer. —
Neiv Grenada.
0. spectatissimum. — See Odontoglossum triumphans.
0. stellimicans, lichh. f. — This, according to Professor
Eeichenbach, is a very fine thing, and has turned up out of a
batch of 0. Pescatorei; it may be a mule between this and 0.
triumjjhans or 0. trlpudians, or even 0. Lindleyanum ; the
sepals and petals are lanceolate stellate of a good clear yellow.
ODONTOGLOSSUM. 465
the petals having a single brown line at the base, and the
sepals being washed with reddish mauve outside, and having
a few large dark brown-purple blotches inside; blade of lip
pandurate, white changing to lemon with a few crimson
blotches. — New Grenada.
0. tripudians, BcM. f. et Warsc. — Though scarcely occu-
pying a place in the front rank of Odontoglots, this is a
really handsome and well-marked species, and, moreover, it
is very free-flowering. In growth it resembles 0. Pesca-
torei, along with which it is frequently imported. The
pseudobulbs are ovoid-oblong compressed, the leaves nar-
row lanceolate acuminate, and the flowers, which grow in
simple many-flowered racemes, are remarkable for the dull
yellow green of the exterior surface and the bright colours
of the inner surface. The sepals and petals are oblong
elliptic acuminate, the former almost wholly of a rich maroon-
brown with just the base and tip only yellow, the latter
golden yellow with two or three broad unequal blotches of
maroon brown ; the lip oblong quadrate, constricted in the
middle, the basal part obscurely crenate, the broader rounded
apiculate apex erose at the edge, the colour white, having the
region round the calli spotted with a beautiful purplish violet.
The calli consist of about ten keels radiating from the claw,
the four inner ones produced on to the surface of the basal
lobe, and each ends in a spinous process ; the wings of the
column are deeply toothed. The plant flowers during the
autumn months. — Peru.
'ElG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6029 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 208 ; Id., 2 ser., t. 407.
0. tripudians OCUlatum, Pckh. f. — A very beautiful variety^
first flowered by J. Day, Esq., Tottenham. It has large
glossy flowers, of which the sepals are almost entirely chest-
nut brown with yellow tips ; the petals yellow banded with
chestnut brown ; and the pandurate lip white with several
violet blotches around the crest, and a large brownish violet
blotch on the anterior part, the margin denticulate and
crisped. — Peru.
_ 0. tripudians xanthoglossnni, BcM. f. — This variety is
distinct from the preceding, having the lip wholly yellow with
mauve blotches, the crests only pure white, thus forming a
pretty contrast with the other varieties in our gardens. — Peru.
V 3
466 oechid-geowek's manual.
0. triumpliailS, Rchb. f. — A magnificent stout-growing
species, witli large ovate-elliptic compressed ancipitous pseudo-
bulbs, oblong lanceolate acute dark green leaves, and many-
flowered racemes of bold and brilliant blossoms, which are
produced during the winter and spring months, and will last in
perfection for several weeks. The flowers are four to five
inches in diameter. The sepals and petals are lanceolate slightly
undulated, the petals rather broadest, both golden yellow
transversely barred and spotted with brownish crimson ; and
the lip is clawed elongate cordiform, white at the base, the
acuminate front portion rich deep brownish crimson. There
are many varieties of this plant, some much better than
others, but all are worth growing. — Xeiv Grenada.
'FiG.—IUust. Ilort., t. 609 ; Bafem., Mon. Odont., t. 23 ; Pescaforea, t. 46 ;
Orchid Album, ii. t. 58 ; Piiydt, Les Orch., t. 30 ; Florist and Pom., 1877,
p. 217, t. 452 (yellow lip and white lip) ; Gard. Chiton., 1867, 516, with fig,
Syn. — 0. sptctatissimum,
0. Uro-Skiniieri, Lindley. — A very beautiful strong-grow-
ing species worthily dedicated to Mr, Ure Skinner, who did
so much towards introducing many popular Central American
Orchids at a time when but little was known of the mode of
securing a tolerably safe transit. It has a creeping rhizome,
on which are produced the large ovate compressed shining
pseudobulbs, which are spotted with purple, and from the
base of which arises the tall scape, two feet or more in height,
bearing a magnificent raceme of flowers, which are each nearly
three inches across ; the sepals and petals are oblong acute
olive yellow heavily blotched with rich purple -brown ; and the
lip which is roundish cordate and convex, is of a charming
mauve-purple irregularly mottled with white ; the disk bears
a pair of white crests, and the upper part of the column is
orange-coloured. It blossoms during the autumn months, and
continues flowering for a loug time. — Guatemala.
"Eld.— Warner, Stl. Orch. PI., iii. t. 17 ; Batem., Mon. Odont., t. 2.
0. Telleum, Echh. f. — A curious and interesting species,
with oblong compressed pseudobulbs, ligulate leaves about six
inches long, and dense racemes of flowers which have the
general shape of those of 0. Karivinsldi. The sepals and
petals are yellowish with numerous sepia brown spots and
lines ; the hp is stalked, ligulate, broader and a little undu-
lated, apiculate at the tips, white covered with numerous
purple-mauve lines and blotches. — Ecuador.
ODONTOGLOSSTO
EXILLAEIUM.
ODONTOGLOSSUM. 467
0. Texativum, Bchh. f. — This showy plant is one of recent
introduction, and is probably a natural hybrid between 0.
nehulosum and 0. maculatum. It has oblong compressed
pallid pseudobulbs, ligulate leaves, and tall racemes of large
showy distant flowers. The sepals are light brown tinged
•with gi-een and margined with white ; the petals are broad,
pure white spotted at the base with greenish brown, and the
broad semiovate blade of the lip is white with a few spots
at the base ; the callus is trifid, j^ellow with a few reddish
brown spots. The growth of the plant is intermediate
between that of the two supposed parents, ilt was first
bloomed by Lord Londesborough under the care of Mr.
Denning, the flowers having been produced in August and
September. — Mexico.
0. Yexillarium, Bchh. f. — This magnificent Orchid ranks
among the most beautiful of the Odontorjloss'ums, and is at
the same time very distinct from its congeners. It has been
known for about twenty years, but it is only within the last
few years that, after numerous futile eflorts, it has been im-
ported in a living state. It now proves to be a most valuable
addition to the genus on account of the large size and distinct
colour of its flowers, which measure as much as four inches
in depth and three inches across. The plant has small
narrow oblong compressed pseudobulbs, and light green elliptic-
lanceolate acuminate leaves eight to ten inches long and an
inch broad ; the slender scapes are produced from the sides
of the bulbs, and bear from five to seven flowers each, the
sepals and petals being oblong obtuse, of a bright rosy pink,
and the large orbicular two-lobed lip of the same colour.
There are many varieties of this charming species, some
much lighter than others. We find this plant succeeds best
in the Cattleya house during the winter months and up to
the time of flowering, after which it should be placed in the
Odontoglossum house ; it delights in an abundant supply of
moisture during the growing period. — New Grenada.
YlG.—Xenia Orch., ii. t. 182 ; Jennings, Orch., t. 36 ; Bot. Mag., t. 6037 ;
Batem., Mon. Odont., t. 29 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 73 ; Id., t. 461 (rubrum) ;
lllust. Hort., 3 ser., t. 113; Flore des Serres, t. 2058 ; Warner, Sel. Orch.
PI., ii. t. 38 ; Gard. Chron., 1872, 667, fig. 163 ; Id., 1873, G44, fig. 123.
0. vexillarium Hillianum, Bchh. f. — A variety named in
honour of C, J. Hill, Esq., Arnot Hill, Nottingham. The
sepals and petals are rose-coloured ; the base of the lip
468 oechid-gbowek's manual.
yellow with three dark purple lines, and two purple lines on
the equal sepals. The lip also has a rosy margin, and the
area between is covered with purple spots in great number, —
New Grenada.
0. vexillarium leUCOglosSUm, RcM. /.—This is a very
striking variety, having the sepals and petals pale rose-
coloured, with a pure white lip. It was first flowered by
C. J. Hill, Esq., of Nottingham. — New Grenada.
0. Tesillarmin roseum, Hart. — A superior variety of 0.
vexillarium, in which the flowers are of a deeper rose colour
than usual. — Neiv Grenada.
0. Texillarium rubelluin, Bull.—Thh is said to be an
autumn-flowering form of the type. The flowers are medium-
sized, and of a very pleasing tint of rose colour. The pseudo-
bulbs, moreover, instead of being elongated, are blunt and
roundish, and the foliage is shorter and broader than in the
typical form. — New Grenada.
0. Texillarium Splendens, Williams. — An exceedingly hand-
some dark-coloured variety, with flowers from four to four
and a half inches in diameter, of an intense rose colour ; the
two lateral sepals have at their base a crimson stripe about
three-quarters of an inch long ; the lip is furnished with three
short radiating stripes just below the calli. The colouring
of the lip and segments of this flower is carried to the
margins, and is not softened ofi" as in many of the varieties. —
New Grenada..
0. Texillarium superbum, Bchh. f. — Tbis is the most
distinct variety we have yet seen, and although the flowers
are but of medium diameter, the colour is intensely brilliant,
more than compensating for lack of size. The sepals and
petals are rose colour, the sepals having a short purplish
crimson longitudinal stripe at their base ; the lip is bright
magenta-rose, and in the white area at the base is a large
triangular dark crimson-purple blotch veined with radiating
lines of a darker tint, the three front lines running out into
three club-shaped bars, a distinct white space separating
the rose colour from the crimson. It flowers during the
autumn months. This fine form was first flowered by Sir
Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., Dorking. — New Grenada.
Jig.— Orchid Album, iv. t. 171.
ODONTOGLOSSUM.
469
0. Vnylstekeanum, Bchh. f. — Professor Reichenbach in de-
scribing this species says : " A grand thing. Take an Odo?ito-
glossum mulus suJpJmrezon, give it a lip much dilated at the
top, and add the sharp edges of the petals of Odontofjlossmn
Wilckeanum." The whole flower is sulphur- coloured, with
the few blotches of the odd sepal, the petals, and the lip of
the " deepest richest dazzling orange" ; the lateral sepals are
also of that colour, except at their base. — New Grenada.
ODOXTOGLOSSUM WARNERIANTJM (p. 470).
0. Wallisii, Bchb. f. — A slender and graceful plant, with
something the aspect of 0. Lindlcyanum, but superior to that
species on account of the more pleasing colour of the lip.
The pseudobulbs are ovoid ancipitous, the leaves linear-
lanceolate plicate, and the flowers two and a half inches
across, pedicellate, racemose, on a slender scape. The sepals
and petals arc oblong-lanceolate, the former more narrowed to
the base, with a long central bar of reddish brown and a
narrow even edge of pale yellow, the latter with the central
colour more broken up and the yellow edge broader ; the lip
470 orchid-gkowee's manual.
has the base tubuloso-clavate, and the limb ovate, constricted
in the middle, fimbriate, with a decurved front, white, having
a double crest with six spreading horns at the base of the
lamina, and behind these a series of rosy purple streaks, the
anterior half being of the same rosy tint edged with white, and
marked by a half-circular white loop. It blooms during the
winter months. — Xew Greyiada.
'ElG.—Jllust. Hort., 3 ser., t. 56.
0. Warnerianum, Bdih. /. — This very rare and handsome
species forms as it were " a connecLing link between 0. nebu-
losum and 0. Eossii, having the broad petals of the former,
and the slender narrow pseudobulbs of the latter." The plant
is dwarf in habit, and the scape, which is longer than the
leaves, bears four or five flowers. The pseudobulbs are tufted
narrow elongate ovate monophyllous, the leaves ligulate acute,
and the flowers about three inches across. The sepals are
oblong acute, white with a few transverse brownish red bars,
the dorsal one having also an ocellate spot at the base ; the
petals are blunter and wavy, white with an ocellate basal
mark enclosed by a semicircle of roundish brownish red spots ;
and the lip broad cordate-triangular obtuse crenulate and
minutely crisped, and having a cuneate obovate three -lobed
yellow callus on the disk. A very rare species, beautifully
figured in Mr. Warner's work. — Mexico, Guatemala.
¥iG.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, ii. t. 20 ; Gard. Chron., 1865, 679, with
fig. ; Baieni., Mon, Odont., t. 3.
0. Warscewiczii, BM. f. — A very rare, very distinct, and
very lovely Odontoglot, showing in its foliage and habit of
growth a close affinity with 0. vexillarium. The pseudobulbs
are small, oblong ovate, compressed with the edges acute,
and the distichous leaves elliptic lanceolate. The flowers
grow six or eight together on a slender scape, each being two
and a half inches across. They are pure white, each sepal
and petal having a small bar of a lovely rose colour at the
base, and the lip two larger blotches, one on each side of the
crest. In form the sepals are ovate acute, the petals rather
broader and blunter, and the large lip broadly panduriform
and bilobed, all the parts being spread out flat ; the golden
crest consisting of a pubescent hippocrepiform belt, enclosing
a short inflexed horn, in front of which are three short blunt
yellow keels. — Costa Rica: Veragua, on the Cordillera of
Chiriqui, elevation 8,000 feet.
'FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6163 ; Xenia Orch., i. t. 81.
ODONTOGLOSSUM. 471
0. Warscewiczii, Bridges. — See Odontoglossum Schliepeei-
ANUJI.
0. Wilckeanum, Rchb. f. — This is a very distinct and
beautiful species, whose long plumose racemes of yellow and
brown flowers are very handsome and attractive, as might be
expected when Professor Eeichenbach says, " it is just inter-
mediate between 0. criqjinn and 0. hctco-purpureum." It
was first flowered by M. D. Massange, Marche, Belgium, and
is named after his gardener, Herr Wilcke. The pseudobulbs
are rather large ovate-oblong, furnished with ligulate oblong
leaves in pairs from the apex, and having radical scapes which
spring from the axils of accessory leaves, and bear a stout
raceme of over a dozen flowers, which are fully three inches
across. The lanceolate acuminate wavy sepals are pale yellow
with sundry bold blotches of light brown ; the broader petals
much serrated at the edges, are of the same yellow colour, but
with fewer and smaller brown blotches ; and the denticulate
oblong undulated apiculate lip is of a still paler yellow, and
has in the front part a roundish oblong blotch of pale brown,
the disk being of a deep yellow, with crests consisting of two
many-toothed ragged keels. It flowers during the spring
months. — New Grenada.
FlGr.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, iii. t, 23.
0. Wilckeanum pallens, Bchh. f. — A very handsome
variety, of which the sepals and petals are white faintly
tinged with yellow and heavily blotched with dull brown, the
petals most irregularly serrated ; the lip is white, having a
blotch of brown in the centre, and a number of small spots
around the crests. A grand spike of this variety was com-
municated to us by Mr. Grossart, gardener to J. Buchanan,
Esq., of Edinburgh, in 1885. — Colombia.
¥lG.— Orchid Album, v. t. 201.
0. Wilckeamim SUlphureum, Bchb. f. — A fine new variety,
with flowers of a bright sulphur yellow, and having a few red
blotches and lines on the lip and column, and also one or two
red blotches on the lateral sepals. The sepals and petals are
much elongated, and the whole flower is very striking. —
Colombia.
0. Willi amsianum, Bchb. f. — A very beautiful large-flowered
plant of noble proportions, supposed to be a natural hybrid
between 0. grande and 0. Schlieperianum. It has oval com-
472 orchid-geower's manual.
pressed tufted pseudobulbs, ligulate oblong acute leaves, and
erect scapes bearing a dense oblong raceme of about a dozen
flowers. These flowers are about four and a half inches
across and about the same in depth, the lanceolate wavy
sepals greenish yellow heavily barred with chestnut brown;
and the broad oblong blunt-ended wavy petals pale yellow with
a large pale reddish brown darker-veined patch at the base,
which is distinctly clawed. The lip, which resembles that of 0.
Schlieperianum in shape, as also do the crests and the column,
is creamy white in the anterior portion, with a few pale flesh-
coloured blotches at the base. This plant was imported along
with 0. Schliepenanum, and resembles it in growth. It
flowers in July. — Costa Rica.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iv. t. 163.
OnCIDIUM, Swartz.
(Tribe Yandese, subtribe Oncidiese.)
One of the older and also one of the larger genera
of Orchids, some two hundred and fifty or more species
being known and described, all of them South American.
The species are all evergreen, and many of them are very
beautiful, their flowers being richly coloured and showy.
They make fine plants, both for exhibition and also for
decoration. Some of them are large growers, while others
are more compact ; they have generally short thick pseudo-
bulbs, from which the leaves and flower spikes proceed, but
in this respect there is much dissimilarity among them, as
there is in respect to their foliage, the majority having the
leaves flat, with the flowers in one group is broad-lipped, and
in another small-lipped ; while some have the leaves terete,
and others have them distichous and equitant. For the most
part the flowers have a broad spreading lip contracted at the
base, and a short column, bearing two petaloid wings or
auricles. The species inhabit Brazil, Bolivia, Mexico, New
Grenada,, Ecuador, and the West Indies.
Culture. — Some kinds succeed well on blocks of wood, but
ONCIDIUM. 473
they are generally best grown in pots or baskets in a compost
of peat and moss, -with good drainage. They require a liberal
supply of heat and moisture in the growing season, but after-
wards only just enough water to keep their leaves and pseudo-
bulbs plump and firm. The Cattleya house is most suited for
the greater portion of them, but some kinds will do better in
the cool house. These plants are very accommodating, since
they will thrive in either house. They are propagated by divi-
sion of the pseudobulbs. The following are all fine sorts, of
easy culture, and ought to be in every collection. There are,
however, many other species of Oncidium worth growing,
besides those named in the following descriptions.
0. acinaceuni, Lindley. — A very distinct and elegant species
with oval pseudobulbs, each bearing three flat leaves, and
producing flower scapes from one to two feet long, the upper
portion of which becomes a twining raceme. The flowers are
about an inch across, the sepals linear retusc, white, the
lateral ones connate, the petals broad obovate, violet bordered
with white, and the concave lip of the same colours, streaked
with carmine. The column has two large acinaciform ears.
It should be grown in the cool house. — Feru.
0. ampliatuin, Lindley. — A showy species, with roundish
compressed pseudobulbs, flat oblong lanceolate leaves, and
erect flower scapes branched at the top, and forming an ample
panicle, the flowers having a broad transverse subrotund
bilobed lip of a clear yellow, paler almost white behind,
and with a three-lobed callus at the base. There are two
varieties of this species to be met with in gardens, dilfering
only in the size of the flowers. — Central America; Santa
Ma rth a ; Co lomh ia .
Fig.— Bot. Reg., t. 1C99.
0. ampliatum majUS, Ilort., is one of the finest Oncids
in cultivation. It produces its large bright yellow flowers in
abundance, on a long branching spike three or four feet
high, in April, May, and June, and continues blooming for
two months. The flowers are almost white on the outer
surface. This variety majns is a robust-growing plant, and
should be grown ia a mixture of peat and sphagnum ; when
474 orchid-grower's manual.
in good health and well flowered it is one of the finest of
the Oncidiums for exhibition purposes. — Central America :
Costa Rica, Nicaragua, max. temp. 85°.
FiQ.— Flore des Serves, t. 2140.
0. anthrocreiie, Echb.f. — A very distinct and curious species,
somewhat resembling Miltonia Warscewiczii in its manner of
growth. It produces large upright branched spikes of dark-
coloured flowers, having the sepals and petals much undulated,
chocolate brown transversely barred with yellow towards the
base, and the lip white ; it flowers during the winter months. —
Peru.
0, aurosum. — See Oncidium excavatum.
0. barbatum ciliatum, Lindley. — A pretty dwarf compact-
habited plant, with ovate compressed pseudobulbs, bearing a
solitary linear-oblong leaf two or three inches long, and pro-
ducing a slender erect flexuose scape spotted with red, and
terminated by a few yellow flowers spotted with crimson, the
lip being wholly yellow, equally three-lobed, and bearing a
five-horned crest at its base. It succeeds best on a block, but
it must have good attention as to the supply of water at the
roots. — Brazil.
Fig.— Bot. Reg., t. 1660.
Syn. — 0. ciliatum.
0. Barkeri. — See Oncidium tigeinum.
0. Batemaniliaillllll, Knowles and Westcott. — A beautiful
and distinct though somewhat variable species, growing
about eighteen inches high, and having oblong compressed
diphyllous pseudobulbs, and erect oblong pale green leaves.
The flowers grow in erect racemes, or in large branched
panicles (ramosum), and have ovate acute sepals, broader
petals, and a large roundish emarginate three-lobed lip which
is clear yellow, the small sepals and petals being of a brownish
pm-ple, and the base of the lip of the same colour. There
are two varieties, one (a) with racemes, the other (b) with a
panicled inflorescence. It is rather a shy-flowering plant, but
one which is worth growing on account of its beautiful bright
yellow flowers, which are produced at difi"erent times of the
year. It belongs to the section Verrucituherculata, and has
a prominent crest consisting of three to five short plates at
the base, and three others in front, diverging irregularly lobed,
ONCIDIUM. 475
and having around them several other processes, besides a
few varicosities towards the edge of the Hp. — Brazil; / Mexico.
YiG.—K. cj- W. Floral Cab., iii. t. 137; Bot. Reg., 1845, t. 40; Annales de
Gand, 1845, t. 1 ; Journal of Hort. Sac. Land., 1848, xvii. (Pinellianum).
Syn. — Yar. a. : 0. spilopterum, 0. gallopavinum, 0. stenopetalum ; Yar. B. :
0. ramosum, 0. Pinellianum.
0. bicallosuin, Lindley. — A showy dwarf species without
pseudobulbs, but producing a single dark green oblong leaf,
which is remarkably thick and fleshy in texture, and keeled so
as to become almost boat-shaped. The peduncle or scape rises
with the leaf from between some basal scales, and is dwarfish,
erect, bearing a many-flowered raceme. The flowers are
large and showy, with obovate spreading sepals and petals,
the latter rather larger, all undulated and yellow tiuged with
green> and a large three-lobed lip of a bright yellow, the
lateral lobes small and obovate, the intermediate one large
and two-lobed, with a bicallose crest at its base. This
makes a fine plant for winter-blooming, and continues in
perfection a long time. It is very much like 0. Cavenclishia-
iium in its flowers and manner of growth, but is less robust. —
Guatemala.
YiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4148 (colour incorrect) ; Bot. Eeg.,18io, t. 12 ; Jllinf.
Hort., t. 458.
0. hicolor, Lindley. — This fine species has oval compressed
pseudobulbs, three-ribbed on each side, solitary oblong sessile
leaves, and divaricate panicles of handsome flowers, which
have ovate acute sepals and petals, and a flat bilobed lip,
which is very large, deep yellow on the upper side, and almost
white underneath, the sepals and petals and the base of the
lip being spotted with chestnut brown. It blooms in
September. This will thrive on a block suspended from the
roof. Dr. Lindley now places it as a variety (hicolor) of
0. Martianum, the type of which has whole-coloured yellow
blossoms. — Brazil.
^G.—Bot. Reg., 1843, t. 66.
0. bifolium, Sims. — A handsome dwarf-growing species
now very rare, having ovate dark green obsoletely hexagonal
pseudobulbs, and short lance-shaped keeled deep green leaves,
borne in pairs. The slender scapes proceed from the base of
the bulbs, and bear elegant nodding racemes of eight or ten
showy flowers, which have the small ovate or oblong sepals and
petals yellow, barred and spotted with rich chestnut brown.
476 orchid-geoweb's manual.
and the lip large, flat, two-lobed, of a transversely reniform
outline, and a bright yellow colour. It produces these flowers
in May and June, and they last a long time in perfection.
There are two varieties of this plant, one much brighter than
the other in the colour of the flowers. It is best grown in a
pot, suspended from the roof, and requires to be potted in
peat and sphagnum moss ; ample drainage should also be
given, as it enjoys a liberal supply of water. — Monte Video.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 1491.
0. Mfolium majus, Hort. — A superb variety of the pre-
ceding species, in which the pseudobulbs are much larger,
and the habit of the plant altogether more robust. The spike
is quite double the length of that of the type, and bears
fally double the number of flowers, of which the sepals and
petals are brown faintly marked with yellow, and the very
large lip is brilliant yellow. They are produced in May and
June, and continue in perfection a long time. It requires the
same treatment as the preceding, and, like it, should be placed
at the cool end of the Cattleya house. — Mo7ite Video.
ElG.—Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1845.
0. Mfrons. — See Oncidium Warscewiczii.
0. Brunleesianum, Bchb. /. — A very pretty novelty, quite
distinct from any other species with which we are acquainted ;
it produces dense upright spikes of bright yellow flowers,
which are furnished with a dark sepia-coloured lip. This
distinct feature gives the plant a most unique appearance. —
Native Country not stated.
Fig.— Orchid Album, v. t. 206.
0. CalantlLllin, Echb. f. — A showy, distinct, and free-
flowering species, which thrives best potted in peat, and
placed in the cool house. The pseudobulbs are ovate fur-
rowed, bearing a pair of lance-shaped leaves. The flowers are
numerous, and borne on a slender twining panicle, the upper
part of which is heteranthous ; the sepals are oblong acute, the
petals oblong obtuse and hastato-unguiculate, both nearly as
long as the Hp ; the lip large, reniform, bilobed, with a short
broadish isthmus, and behind that a pair of cuneate ovate
auricles. The flower is rich golden yellow, the petals and
sepals paler, and the crest of five papulose bodies tinged with
red, as well as the column. — Ecuador.
Fig.— Floral Mag., t. 384.
ONCIDIUM. 477
0. CaTendislliaiLlini, Bateman. — A very sliowy and noble
species of bold and striking babit, remarkable for the ab-
sence of pseudobulbs, the large broad fleshy rich green
leaves, together with the stout flower scape, growing out from
between a few stout imbricated scaly bracts. The bright
yellow flowers are produced in great abundance on the stout
tall branching scapes, and appear in the dull months of winter,
a fact which greatly increases its value, for even at that
season they retain all their brilliancy for several weeks. The
flowers are about an inch in diameter, the sepals obovate-
obtuse with the upper one arched, greenish yellow spotted
with bright chestnut, the petals oblong-obtuse wavy and of
the same colours, and the lip three-lobed, the lateral lobes
roundish unguiculate, the middle one larger reniform deeply
emarginate and of a pure bright yellow colour. It has a
crest of four prominent tubercles. In 0. pachyphyllum,
which Lindley considers a form of the same plant, the sepals
and petals are spotted with crimson. Keichenbach keeps
them distinct, and figures in Xeriia a golden-lipped variety
oi x>(^^chypliyllum. It may be grown on a block or in a pot,
but on account of its size seems to do best in the latter. —
Guatemala.
'EiG.—Batem. Orch. Mex. et Guat, t. 3 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3807 (paclijphyllum);
Xenia Orch., i. t. 99, fig. 4 (pachyphyllum chrysoglossum).
Syn, — 0. pachyphyllum (spotted fl.), 0. pachyphyllum chrysoglossum.
0. cMropllomm, RcM. /. — A very pretty dwarf-growing
species, producing slender panicles of small golden yellow
sweet-scented flowers. It has small ovate ancipitous pseudo-
bulbs, linear-lanceolate acute leaves, and dense short-branched
panicles of flowers, which, though not of large size, should
secure the admission of the species to any choice collection on
account of its free-blooming properties and its dehghtful fra-
grance ; the lip is comparatively large, and three-lobed ; it
flowers in October. — Veragua : Volcano of Chiriqui.
'ElG.— Xenia Orch., i. t. 69, fig. 1 ; Bot. 3Iag., t. 6278.
0. clirysotliyrsus, Bchb. f. — A very showy and abundant-
flowered Oncid, of free and compact growth, seldom attaining
more than a foot in height, the pseudobulbs being two to
three inches high, oblong compressed, and at length ribbed,
and supporting a pair of oblong acute light green leaves. The
scape is some two to three feet in length, terminated by a
thyrsoid panicle of numerous showy and lovely flowers, of
478 orchid-geoweb's manual.
which the small oblong-ligulate sepals and petals are pale
green, with a few bars of purplish red, and the lip is large
reniform bilobed and bright yellow, with a few crimson lines
on the claw, above which is a crest, consisting of a depressed
callus, three-lobed at the apex, and having compressed lamellae
in front. It succeeds well upon a block. The plant flowers
during the autumn months, and remains for a long time in
bloom. — Brazil.
¥16.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, ii. t. 5.
0. COncolor, Hooker. — A very distinct and beautiful species,
with small tufted ovate or ovate-oblong compressed ribbed
pseudobulbs, and a pair of subcoriaceous oblong-linear or
ligulate bright green leaves. The flowers are large and of a
pure yellow, one and a half to two inches in diameter, pro-
duced upon radical scapes in long pendulous racemes, the
sepals being lanceolate, and the lip large flat cuneate sub-
panduriform emarginate, and marked at the base with a pair
of orange-coloured lamellae. It blooms in March and April,
running on into May or sometimes into June, the two latter
being the principal exhibition months. This is a fine subject
for growing in baskets in the cool house, where it succeeds
best. — Brazil : Organ Mountains.
'FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 3752; Id., t. 4454; Revue Horticole, 1881, 30, with
tab. ; Orchid Album, t. 1 ; Illust. Eort., 3 ser., t. 487.
Syn. — Cyrtockilum citrin urn.
0. COrnigeriim, Lindley. — A highly ornamental species, and
one that is very distinct both in habit and appearance. The
pseudobulbs are oblong suleate, about three inches long, bear-
ing a solitary leaf which is oval and striate, deep green, and
of a peculiarly thick and fleshy texture. The flowers are
small but numerous, and are produced in a very elegant
drooping close panicle on a slender scape upwards of a foot in
length ; this panicle is developed after the gi'owth is mature,
and on it are borne the beautifully gay flowers, which are
yellow spotted with deep red ; its season of flowering is April
and May. The lip is panduriform (or obovate subrepand)
wavy, with a horn-shaped lobe on each side at the base. —
Brazil.
'ElG.—Bot. Reg., t. 1542 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3486.
0. Crispuni, Loddiges. — A remarkably handsome large-
flowered species of ornamental character. The pseudobulbs
are oblong, suleate, and rugose, each supporting a pair of
ONCIDIUM. 479
oblong-lanceolate coriaceous obscurely nerved leaves, and a
tall scape which bears either a raceme or panicle of large
showy spreading flowers, from two to three inches across, often
from fifty to sixty in a spreading panicle. The sepals are
oblong-obtuse, narrowed below, wavy or crisped, of a greenish
brown, spotted ; the petals are broadly obovate-obtuse, also
crisped, of a rich brown, the claw yellow striped with brownish
red ; and the lip is crisped, large, roundish cordate, of the
same colour as the petals, its base contracted, yellow spotted
or barred with red, and bearing two small yellow horn-shaped
side lobes, with a deltoid three-lobed crest, which is yellow
spotted with red, between them ; the column is also yellow.
This species blooms at different times in the year, and lasts
three or four weeks in beauty. It requires to be grown on a
block of wood in the Cattleya house, and should never be
allowed to get dry, as it enjoys plenty of moisture. — Brazil:
Organ Mountains.
"Fig.— Loddiges, Bot. Cab., t. 1854 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3499 ; Bot. Reg., t. 1920 ;
Flore des Serves, t. 2148 ; Knoioles and Westc. Ft. Cab., t. 64 ; Maund,
Botanist, i. t. 26 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, ii. t. 26.
0. crispuni grandiflornin, Hort. — A very fine variety of the
preceding. Its blossoms are very large, being twice the size of
those of 0. crispuni, and of a deep rich brown colour ; the sepals
rather narrow and very wavy, the broad flat petals and lip
with a narrow edging of golden yellow, and the yellow colour
of the claw extended to the base of the lip, where it forms
a large radiating blotch. It succeeds best on a block, and
requires a good supply of water at the roots. — Brazil.
'EiG.— Floral Mag., t. 485.
0. crispum marginatum.— See 0. Foebesh.
0. Croesus, Bchh. f. — A pretty dwarf-growing species of
compact tufted habit, whose flowers are somewhat suggestive
of those of a pansy. The pseudobulbs are small oblong-
ovoid, tapering upwards, compressed, and supporting a pair
of light green ligulate bluntish leaves, some four to six inches
long, the erect scapes not taller than the leaves, bearing some
three or four flowers, an inch across in the spread of the
petals, and with a lip three-quarters of an inch broad ; the
sepals and petals are deep purplish brown, and the lip
has two smaller yellow roundish lateral lobes and a broad
golden yellow reniform front lobe, the crest prominent, deep
velvety black. It blooms very freely during summer, and
480 orchid-geower's manual.
continues a considerable time in full beauty. The plant suc-
ceeds best in the Cattleya house, either suspended from the
roof upon a block, or potted in peat and sphagnum moss. It
comes very close to O. loncjipes. — Brazil : Organ Mountains.
YlG.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 40.
0. cnieEtum. — See Oncidium pelicanum,
0. CUCUllatum, Lindley. — Although a small-flowered species,
this is a very beautiful one. It is a dwarf- growing plant
with oval obtuse costate pseudobulbs, and oblong-lanceolate
leaves, flat and equalling the scape, which bears the charming
flowers in nodding racemes, rarely in panicles. The upper
sepal and petals are oval, and together with the connate
lateral sepals are rose colour, and the lip cordato-panduri-
form, dilated and bilobed at the apex, reddish purple spotted
with deep purple. These flowers are produced in the spring
months, and last a long time in perfection. There are many
varieties, differing very much in colour ; the figure in Flore
cles Serres shows a form with a very broad rosy lilac lip
spotted with dark crimson. This species will do well in the
cool house with Odontoglossums. — New Grenada, at 8,700
feet elevation.
^IG.—Paxt. Fl. Gard., iii. t. 87 ; Lem. Jard. Fl., t. 317 ; Flore des Serres,
t. 835.
Stn. — Leochilus sanguinolentus.
0. CUCUllatuni flayidum, Hort. — This is a distinct and
very desirable form, similar in habit to the type. The
flowers have the sepals and petals yellow blotched with
brown, and the lip purple margined with white. It must be
placed in the coolest house ; the flowers are produced in
spring, and continue a long time in beauty. — New Grenada.
0. CUCUllatuiIl macrocllillim, Lindley. — An entirely difTerent-
looking plant from the previous one, but equally beautiful,
being, according to Lindley, " the finest Alpine Orchid yet dis-
covered." It grows about a foot high, and has larger pseudo-
bulbs ; the scapes also are stronger, the flexuose racemes
being two feet in length, and well furnished with its beautiful
flowers, which have the sepals and petals of a rich plum colour
and crimson, and the lip, which is an inch and a half broad,
mauve spotted with dark violet. It must be grown in the
coolest house. — Quitinian Andes, at 13,000 feet elevation.
ONCIDIUM CURTUM.
ONCIDIUM. < 481
0. CUrtum, Lindley. — A very handsome and distinct species,
of compact growth, somewhat resembHng 0. crisjyum in
foliage and in the shape of the pseudobulbs. The showy-
flowers are produced on elongated panicles which proceed
from the base of the bulb, the sepals and petals obovate
obtuse yellow barred and blotched with cinnamon brown,
the latter undulated, the roundish bilobed undulated lip
golden yellow having a broad margin of cinnamon brown, with
golden auricles at the base on each side the five-lobed crest,
around which many warts are scattered. It blooms during
the spring months, and lasts several weeks in perfection.
The plant will succeed best either in a basket or on a block
with plenty of drainage. — Brazil.
FlG.~Bot. Reg., 1847, t. 68.
0. dasystyle, Bchh. f. — A beautiful dwarf-growing species
with ovoid ancipitous rugose pseudobulbs, from which pro-
ceed a pair of linear-lanceolate leaves four inches long, and
a short slender peduncle terminated by a few gay blossoms,
of which the incurved sepals and lanceolate petals are whitish
yellow with handsome maroon-brown spots, and the dilatately
reniform anterior blade of the lip is sulphur, the small side
lobes marked with oblique chestnut brown bars, while at the
base is a beautiful elongated obcordiform callus of a distinct
blackish purple, from which dark purple veins radiate over the
disk. It produces its flowers during the months of January
and February, and is to be regarded as rather a gay little
plant of the smaller-growing section. This species should
be grown in the cool house suspended from the roof. — Brazil :
Organ Mountains.
YlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6494.
0. Diadema. — See Oncidium serratum.
0. divaricatum, Lindley. — A small but abundant-flowered
species, with roundish compressed monophyllous pseudo-
bulbs, oblong obtuse concave coriaceous leaves, and scapes
three to four feet long, bearing a divaricate panicle of small
flowers produced during the summer months, and continuing
in perfection a long time. The sepals and petals are obovate
obtuse yellow with the basal half red, and the lip has
roundish lateral lobes and an intermediate roundish subcordate
emarginate lobe of a pale yellow spotted with red. The
crest forms a pubescent four-lobed cushion. This, when well
482 orchid-grower's manual.
grown, is a useful plant for all purposes ; pot culture suits it
best. — Brazil.
Fig.— Bot. Beg., t. 1050; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1212; Paxion, Mag. But.,
iii. 4, with tab. ; Bchb. Fl. Exot., t. 95.
0. eurycline, Bchb.f. — This pretty dwarf-growing species
is very distinct. It has ligulate obtuse costate pseudobulbs,
solitary cuneate-ligulate leaves, and two-flowered peduncles.
The flowers have the sepals and petals light reddish ochre
with a few dark bars at their base, the lateral sepals being a
little longer than the lip, which is yellow with numerous
brown spots at the base, and having rounded retrorse basilar
lobes or auricles, and a cordate reniform bilobulate anterior
lobe. It flowers in December. It was first flowered by W.
E. Brymer, Esq., M.P., Ilsington House, Dorchester. —
Venezuela.
0. euxantllilllim, Rchh.f. — A very pretty species belonging
to the group represented by 0. hifoluun, and requiring similar
treatment. The pseudobulbs are two to three inches long,
ellipsoid compressed and furrowed, bearing a pair of linear
ensiform acute keeled leaves. The numerous flowers grow
in ample panicles, and are about one inch across, and very
showy ; the sepals and petals are small yellow dotted over
with red, the lip large shortly clawed, with the claw protruded
and winged, three-lobed, the lateral lobes large roundish cre-
nate, the middle lobe much longer reniform bilobed, with
numerous red spots on the disk between the lateral lobes, the
rest of the surface rich clear yellow; the two- column wings
are spreading, yellow with red spots. The broad lip, large
rounded side lobes, and conspicuous spotting make the flowers
not only pleasing but showy. It blooms during the autumn
months. — Brazil.
'ElQ.—Bot. Mag., t. 6322.
0. excavatum, Undley. — A robust-growing species with
light green pseudobulbs, oblong-Hgulate leaves, and long
branched scapes bearing an abundance of brightly-coloured
flowers, the sepals and petals being rich yellow profusely
blotched with cinnamon brown near the base, and the pan-
durate hp also deep golden yellow blotched only on the
crest, which is very convex, and excavated in front, the base
being cordate, and the tip rounded and emarginate. Accord-
ing to Lindley, 0. aurosum can scarcely be distinguished froift,
ONCIDIUM. 483
this plant, though its flowers are perhaps a little larger, its
panicle more compact, and its crest very rugose. It should be
potted in good fibrous peat, and placed in the cool house. —
Peru.
'EiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5293 ; Tllust. Ilort., 3 ser., t. 34 (aurosum).
0. excavatum Dawsoni, Williams. — Though bearing some
resemblance to 0. excavatum, this variety is very much
stronger and more robust in all its parts. The branching
scapes are five feet long, and upon these its large lovely
bright yellow and rich brown flowers are borne in great pro-
fusion. When well managed the scapes will often produce
upwards of a hundred flowers, and when seen in this state it
is truly a noble object. — Peru.
0. flexuosum, Sims. — A pretty free-blooming and well-
known old species, producing its showy yellow spotted flowers
in abundance on large branching panicles. It has oval com-
pressed two-leaved pseudobulbs, and oblong-lanceolate striated
leaves. The flowers have the very
small sepals and petals yellow barred
with chestnut brown, and the large
flat lip transversely roundish oblong
and bilobed, yellow speckled over
with minute chestnut red dots. The
crest is pulvinate with three ridges
in front. It blooms at difi'erent
times of the year, and continues for
several weeks in flower. This plant
is invaluable for cutting purposes,
the small bright yellow flowers pro-
ducing a charming effect when mixed oncidium flexuosum,
with other flowers and foliage. There
are two varieties of this plant ; the one called majxis, which
has much larger flowers than the other, though of the same
colour, is scarce, and is best grown in a pot with moss. —
Brazil.
'FlG.—Bot. Mag., t, 2203 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 424 ; Rchb. Fl. Exot., t. 94,
0. Forhesii, Hooker. — A truly handsome dwarf species,
closely related to 0. crispum. It has rather small pseudo-
bulbs, which are oblong blunt compressed and furrowed,
and terminated by a solitary lanceolate acute leathery dark
green leaf. The scape, which is radical, often springing from
X 2
484 oiicHiD- grower's manual.
the axil of an accessory leaf, bears a many-flowered erect
panicle of showy flowers, which are about two to two and a
half inches across, very distinct, the obovate sepals and the
much larger undulated petals bright chestnut brown, broadly
margined with broken golden yellow lines, as is also the lip,
which is clawed, larger than the petals, and flabelliform ; it
blooms in November. This plant is best grown on a block
with moss in the cool house. — Brazil.
'EiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 3705; Orchid Album, Mi. t. 104; Card. Chron., Ti.S.,
si. 525, figs. 71, 72.
Sin. — 0. crispum marginatum.
0. fuscatuin. — See Miltonia Warsceaviczii.
0. Gardneri, LindUy. — A most charming and free-flowering
species, that should be grown by every admirer of Orchids.
It is nearly allied to 0. curium and 0. prcBtexticm, and is a
compact growing plant, having oblong-ovate furrowed pseudo-
bulbs, and dark green oblong-lanceolate leaves, which are purple
on the under side. The handsome flowers are produced in
ONCIDIUM GAKDNERI.
large branching panicles, and are deliciously fragrant; the
sepals are obovate, and the petals twice as large, roundish,
wavy, clawed, both of a pale bright chestnut brown margined
with pale yellow ; the hp is large three-lobed, the middle lobe
large, transversely oblong, emarginate, wavy, of a bright golden
ONCIDIUM. 485
yellow irregularly margined with oblong blotches of bright
brown. It blooms during the months of June and July, and
lasts for several weeks in perfection. It should be grown
in the cool house. — Brazil : Organ Mountains.
Fig.— Orchid Album, i. t. 12; Card. Chron., N.S., xvi. 86, fig. 23; Floral
Mac/., 2 ser., t, 401.
0. hfeuiatocLillun, Lindley. — A compact-growing and hand-
some plant, similar in habit to 0. Lanceanum. The pseudo-
bulbs are absent or obsolete, the short thick fleshy oblong
acute dark green red-spotted leaves springing directly from
the crown. The scape is radical, deep purple-red, erect,
bearing a panicle of moderate-sized flowers, of which the oblong
sepals and petals are greenish yellow blotched with bright
chestnut, and the transversely reniform lip is of a deep
sanguineous crimson, the margin yellow mottled with deep
rose crimson, and the claw and basal auricles of a deep
magenta rose. This plant is seldom met with in collections,
being very scarce. We have seen it very fine in the collection
of G. W. Law Schofield, Esq., of Rawtenstall, near Manchester.
It blooms in November. — Guatemala.
YlG.— Orchid Album, i. t. 32; Paxt. Fl. Card., i. t. 6.
0. Henclmiaillli. — See Oncidium koseum.
0. Moclirysum, Bchh. f. — Though long known to botanists,
this species, like many more fine things, has only recently
become known to cultivators. The plant is similar in habit
to 0. hifolium, having the pseudobulbs oblong, sulcate, and
beautifully spotted ; the two leaves are thickish ligulate acute,
and the flowers are in secund racemes, of a rich golden yellow,
set very densely upon the spike, the lip being trifid with the
large middle lobe clawed reniform and bilobed. No collection
should be without this charming plant, which grows freely in
a low temperature. — Peru.
0. Huntianiini. — See Oncidium roseum.
0. hypligematicum, Bchh. f. — A beautiful little plant, with
small oblong depressed three-ribbed pseudobulbs, bearing a
single oblong-lanceolate obtuse leaf. The flowers are large,
but somewhat laxly set upon the branching raceme ; the
sepals and petals are cuneate- oblong crispy of a chestnut
brown with a yellow margin, the lip, which is reniform in the
anterior part with an apiculus, being of a rich deep yellow. The
486 oechid-gbowek's manual.
flowers of this species are very showy, as, in addition to the
colours of the inner surface, they are blood-red on the outer
side. It should be grown in peat and sphagnum, and kept in
the cool house. The flowers are produced during the latter
part of summer and beginning of autumn. — Ecuador.
0. incur vum, Barker. — A very pretty and distinct dwarf
Orchid, with ovate ancipitous three or four-ribbed pseudo-
bulbs, two or three ensiform leaves, and erect scapes two feet
high, bearing a racemose panicle of the elegant sweet-scented
flowers, which have the five sepals and petals linear-lanceolate
wavy and quite free, white cross-banded with reddish purple
and the concave roundish lip pure white. It flowers during
autumn and winter, and lasts long in beauty. This plant is
best grown in a pot with peat ; it is indeed a very fine
species when well grown. We have seen a specimen growing
in a cool house bearing twenty-five spikes, and a charming
object it was. — Mexico.
Fig.— Batem. Orch. Mex. et Guat.,t.29; Bot. Mag., t. 4824; Bot. Eeg.,
1845, t. 64 ; lllust. Hort., t. 49.
Syn, — 0. albo-violaceum,
0. incurTUm album, Linden. — This is a chaste and distinct
variety of the foregoing, having pure white flowers, in other
respects resembling the type. It was exhibited by W. Lee,
Esq., of Downside, Leatherhead, at South Kensington, in
October, 1883. Its flowering season is September and
October. — Mexico .
FiG.—Jllust. Hort., 3 ser., t. 444.
0. ionosmum. — See Oncidium tigeinum unguiculatum.
0. Jonesianum, Rchb. f. — A very pretty and distinct new
species in the way of 0. Cebolleta. The pseudobulbs are very
small, densely clustered, monophyllous ; the leaves are slender
and erect, subulate, channelled on the upper surface, and of a
deep green ; and the flowers grow in drooping racemes, very
elegant in character. The sepals and petals are wavy obovate-
cuneate, of a pale greenish straw-colour having numerous,
sometimes confluent, dark sepia brown blotches ; the lip is pure
white, wavy, transversely reniform, bilobed, the claw having
on each side a roundish yellow auricle with small purple dots,
brown on the anterior border, and a prominent whitish crest
dotted with red in front. It flowers from September onwards
to December, and lasts for some time in beauty. — Paraguay.
FiQ.— Orchid Album, iv. t. 183.
ONCIDIUM. 487
0. Kramerianum, Rchb. f. — A very handsome species,
somewhat resembhng 0. Pajnlio. The pseudobulbs are small
roundish obtuse four to seven-angled, the leathery leaves
cuneate oblong acute dull green irregularly streaked with
dark purple. The scape is long and knotty-jointed, and bears
flowers resembling those of 0. Papilio. The dorsal sepal and
petals are narrow linear, all turned upwards, crispy, yellow at
the base, dark brown on the upper part ; the lateral sepals
deflexed, ligulate acute, strongly undulated, pale yellow heavily
spotted with brown ; and the lip, which is beautifully un-
dulated at the edge, is cordate-pandurate, of a pale yellow
with a single irregular row of brown spots near the edge. It
keeps blooming from the top of the spike for years, and it is
often in beauty. This species is best grown in a basket or on
a block. — Central America.
Fig. — Flore des Serves, t. 1956 ; Jennings, Orch., t. 11 j Floral Mag., t.
465 ; Puydt, Les Oi-ch., t. 31 ; Xenia Orch., i. t. 33,
0. lamelligerum, Rchb. /.—A very noble and handsome
species in the way of O. viacranthum, but with larger flowers.
These flowers are produced on long branching spikes, and
have the dorsal sepal reniform, wavy, stalked, deep brown
bordered with yellow, the inferior sepals also stalked, oblong,
much longer, the base cuneate on one side and semihastate
on the other ; the crispy petals are suddenly hastate oblong
obtuse undulated, pale yellow spotted with brown towards the
base ; and the lip is similar in form to that of 0. inacranthum,
trifid, with the lateral lobes triangular, and the middle lobe
elongate linear-lanceate. We saw a fine specimen of this in the
collection of C. Dorman, Esq., Sydenham. It flowers during
the summer months. — Ecuador.
0. Lanceanum, Lindley. — A remarkably handsome and dis-
tinct species, one of those which are not furnished with
pseudobulbs, but whose leaves and roots spring direct from
the short knotty rootstock. The leaves are about a foot
long, broadly oblong acute, leathery in texture, of a light
green freely spotted with purple. The stifi" erect flower scape
grows a foot or more in height, and supports a rigid panicle,
whose short branches sometimes assume a corymbose and
sometimes a racemose arrangement. The flowers are an inch
and three-quarters across, greenish yellow, brighter in the
centre, closely blotched with crimson; the lip is broad and
flat, of a rich bright violet, the basal part, where it is expanded
488 oKCHiD- grower's manual.
into a pair of angular teeth, deeper violet. The flowers have
a rich spicy odour, recalling that of the garden pink, and they
are produced during the summer months, lasting four or five
weeks in good condition, if kept free from damp. This is
best grown on a block or in a basket, with moss or peat, and
makes a splendid plant for exhibition ; but we seldom see it
in good condition. — Guiana : Surinam.
'Pig.— Trans. Eort. Soc. Loncl, 2 ser., ii. t. 5 ; Bot. Reg., t. 1887 ; K. cj- W.
Floral Cab., t. 79 ; Paxton, Maq. Bot., iv. 169, with tab. ; Flore des Serves, tt.
1842—3 ; Puydt, Les Orch., t. 32 ; Hart. Pai'ad., i. 1. 12 (superbum) ; Gard.
Chron., N.S., xxi. 609, fig. 118.
0. Lanceanum Louyrexianum, Bchh. f. — A most chaste and
beautiful variety of this grand old species, from which it differs
in that the lip, instead of being wholly mauve-coloured,
has the expanded apical lobe of a pure white, which forms a
fine contrast to the deep violet of the basal portion. It is
named in honour of M. D. Massange de Louvrex, Marche,
Belgium. The plant flowers during the summer months. —
Guiana.
Eld,— Orchid Album, iii. t. 129.
0. leopardinum, Lindley. — A very free-flowering and pretty
species, of compact-growing habit. It produces its showy
flowers in large loose panicles some three feet high ; they are
yellow with very distinct dark brown bands on the sepals
and petals, and at the base of the lip, which has the middle
lobe unguiculate, transversely emarginate, and the base
auriculate. — Peru.
O.leBCOCllillini, Bateman. — A desirable and beautiful species,
of which there are many varieties, some richer in colour than
others. It has oblong-ovate slightly furrowed pseudobulbs,
linear-lanceolate acute leaves, and long drooping panicles of
pleasing flowers, which have the oblong spreading nearly equal
sepals and petals yellowish green closely barred and blotched
with dai'k brown, and the broad kidney-shaped two-lobed lip
pure white with a blotch of purple red on the contracted unguis,
supported by two spreading white retuse lateral lobes. The
scapes are sometimes as much as ten feet long. It blooms at
different times of the year, and lasts a long time in perfection.
Best grown in a pot. Dr. Lindley, quoting Mr. Skinner,
observes that the summer temperature of the country where
this Oncid grows wild is between 55° and 70°, and that in
December, 1839, the thermometer in Guatemala at 6 a.m. in
ONCIDIUM.
489
the open air for three days averaged 36°, and jet the plants
continued to shoot their young stems. — Mexico ; Guatemala.
'FiG.—Bateman, Orch. Mex. et Guat., t. 1 ; Flore des Serres, t. 522 ; Paxton,
Mag. Bot., vii. 241, with tab.
S V N, — Cyriochilum leucock Hum,
0. Limmingliei, E. Mow. — This pretty little species is one
of the most singular in the whole genus, its habit being
similar to that of a Sophronitis. The pseudobulbs are
roundish compressed, wrinkled, about three-fourths of an
inch long. Tlae leaves are solitary sessile cordate ovate, an
inch long, dark green speckled with dull crimson, arranged
closely in a distichous manner on the surface, over which the
stem is creeping. The flowers are solitary, or, according to
the figure, two together, on a slender erect scape, the dorsal
obovate sepal and two spreading oblong petals dull olive
green with crossbars of brown ; and the lip, which has
roundish auricles and a long isthmus supporting the broad
roundish reniform front lobe, is yellow freely dotted on the
front edge and on the side lobes with crimson. It flowers
in June and July. It succeeds admirably in an intermediate
temperature. — Caracas.
'Em.— Flore des Serres, t. 1827 ; Bclff. Hart., vi. t. 23.
0. longipes, Lindlej/. — A pretty dwarf species of compact
habit, growing about six inches high, and producing its short
racemes of flowers in great abundance. The pseudobulbs are
small oblong tapered upwards on a creeping rhizome, di-
phyllous, the leaves linear-oblong apiculate, and the flowers
borne in short racemes about as long as the foliage. The
sepals and petals are spreading, of a dark brown, the dorsal
one spathulate, the lateral ones united at the base ; the petals
are oblong, tipped with yellow, and the lip is large and of a
bright golden yellow, with a broad blood red ring surround-
ing the crest, which is downy, three-toothed at the apex. It
blooms during the summer months, and wdll do well on a
block or in a small basket. It very much resembles 0.
Crcesus. — Brazil.
Tig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5193; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PI, t. 165.
0. ludens, Eclih. f. — A new species with the growth
resembling 0. serratxim. Sepals rich brown merging into a
mixture of yellowish brown, the upper one with a narrow yellow
border ; petals yellow with cinamon brown marbling ; lip pale
X 3
490 orchid-grower's manual.
yellowish ochre, coloured with brownish mauve at the base of
the callus. — Native Country not stated.
0. luridum, Lindley. — A peculiar bulbless epiphyte, with
large thick solitary carinate leaves upwards of a foot long,
dull green and spotted, and a tall slender scape bearing a
panicle of large olive-green flowers, having bro\\'n confluent
blotches which nearly cover the surface ; the sepals are
clawed undulated, the dorsal sepal roundish rhomboid, the
petals larger, and the lip three-lobed with the central lobe
broadly kidney- shaped and emarginate ; the flowers are freely
produced. — Tropical America.
Fig.— Bot. Reg., t. 727 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3603.
0. luriduin DodgSOni, Williams. — A splendid variety, named
in compliment to the late R. B, Dodgson, Esq., of Blackburn.
The leaves are very thick and fleshy, but broader and longer
than in 0. luridum; the flower spikes are seven feet long,
much branched, and bearing between three and four hundred
flowers on each ; their colour is orange and yellow, barred
with dark brown. It should be potted in peat and sphagnum
moss, and treated with a liberal supply of both heat and
moisture. — West Indies.
0. luridum guttatum, Lindley. — A very rich and
stately variety, producing panicles three to four feet long of
gay flowers, which are yellow spotted all over with bright
orange-red, the base of the lip being of a rosy crimson. It
blooms during the summer months, and continues in per-
fection a long time. This is best grown in a pot with peat. —
Jamaica.
Fia.— Bot. Reg., 1839, t. 16.
Syn. — Oncidiumcuneatum; O.Borjdii; Epidendruvi guttatum ; Cymbidium
guttatum.
0. macrantlium, Lindley. — This magnificent Oncidium is a
great acquisition to the genus, being one of the handsomest
species yet introduced. It is of free growth, with large ovoid
pseudobulbs, lanceolate loriform acuminate dark green leaves,
and scapes several feet long, twining, branching, and many-
flowered. The flowers are from three to four inches across,
the clawed sepals and petals orbicular oblong broad thick and
fleshy, the upper one of a golden olive brown, the two lateral
sepals deep orange yellow, and the two petals of a clear bright
yellow ; the lip is hastate, much smaller than the petals,
ONCIDIUM. 491
white, the side lobes dark purplish brown. It is one of the
finest species yet introduced, and blooms during spring and
early summer, lasting long in full beauty. The cool house
ONCIDIUM MACRANTHUM.
suits it best, and it should be potted in peat and sphagnum
moss, with good drainage. — New Grenada.
¥iQ.—Bot. Mag., t. 5743 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, ii. 1. 17 ; Jennings, Orch.,
t. 42 ; Floral Mag., t. 386 ; Gard. Chron., 1869, 739, with fig.
0. macraiitliuin ■Williamsianuin, Rchb.f.—k most distinct
and curious variety, having on each petal a large blotch of
Indian purple, a style of marking which makes it a striking
contrast to the original or typical form. It flowers during
the summer months. — New Grenada.
492 oechid-geower's manual.
0. maculatum, Lindley. — A neat and pleasing species, with
ovate compressed angulate pseudobulbs, bearing two broadly
ligulate leaves at the top, and having others springing from
the base, out of whose axils the scape arises. The flowers
are in racemes, and consist of obovate-lanceolate acuminate
yellowish green sepals and petals marked with purple blotches,
and an oblong-ovate apiculate lip, which has a stout tooth on
each side about the middle, and is of a pale sulphur yellow,
whitish at the base, where there are also four simple cuspidate
keels. It is a plant of free and compact growth, producing
its flowers during the winter and spring months. — Mexico.
YlG.—Sertum Orcli., t. 25; Bot. Req., 1838, t. 44; Bot. Mag., t. 3836
(ecornutum) ; Id., t. 3880 (fl. larger) ; Knowles cj- Westc. Floral Cab , t. 57.
Syn. — Cyrtochilum maculatum,
0. Marslialliainiin, Rchh. f. — This superb species is cer-
tainly one of the most noble and brilliant of Oncids belonging
to the group which has large-sized petals. The pseudobulbs
OKCIDIUM MARSHALLIANUM.
are terete, ovoid-cylindrical, two to four inches long, with a
pair of coiiaceous oblong-lanceolate acute leaves six or seven
inches long and two inches broad, of a bright green on the
493
upper surface, paler beneath. The flowers are very numerous,
in ample much-branched panicles, and are individually large —
two and a half inches across the spreading petals, and
brilliantly coloured. The sepals are small, the dorsal one
concave obovate, yellow banded with purple, the lateral
ones oblong, connate at the base ; the petals are an inch long,
clawed, broadly fiddle-shaped, the margin undulated, the apex
two-lobed, the colour deep golden yellow, with a series of large
OXCIDIUM MOXACHIC0M (p. 494).
unequal irregular chestnut brown blotches along the centre ;
and the lip is very large, contracted behind into an auricled
claw spotted with orange red, and having a tubercled beaked
callus, the broad oblong front portion bright yellow and deeply
bilobed. There have been some fine varieties of this species
bloomed of late years, and we are glad to say there have been
some good importations of it. As an exhibition plant this is one
of the most telling that can be staged, the rich golden yellow of
494 orchid-geower's manual.
its blossoms contrasting well with the varied hues of other
Orchids. It is best grown in the cool house, in a basket or
on a block, as fully exposed to the light as possible. It
blooms in April and May. — Brazil.
'FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5725 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 285 ; Gartenflora, t, 979.
0. metallicum, Echh. /. — A very distinct species, the
flowers of which are of a rich chestnut brown with a fine
metaUic hue, the borders of the short broad ovate upper sepal
and the smaller petals blotched with rich yellow, and the lip
pandurate with a triangular projection on each side at the
base, contracted in the centre, and with a hastate oblong
obtuse front lobe. — New Grenada.
0. monacMcuin, Bchh. /.—This is a very curious and dis-
tinct species allied to 0. metallicum, and producing large
branching spikes of flowers after the style of 0. serratum.
The dorsal sepal is reniform crisped overarching, dark brown
with a narrow yellow crisp border, the lateral sepals are large,
cuneate- oblong, on long stalks ; the roundish hastate incurved
undulated petals cinnamon-coloured, blotched and edged with
sulphur yellow ; and the ligulate lip is brown, and has an
angulate base and a remarkable double callus. It flowers in
March and April. — New Grenada.
'FlG.—Gard. Chron., N.S., xix. 368, fig. 54.
0. nigratum, Lindley. — A very pretty little species, with
pyriform ancipitous shining green pseudobulbs, one or two
ligulate acute leaves, and large branched panicles of small
starry flowers, of which the sepals and petals are linear-
lanceolate and much undulated, white barred with dark blackish
brown, and the lip, which is bluntly triangular in shape, is
yellow with pale cinnamon spots. It blooms in March and
April. The flowers are much like those of Odontoglossum
niBvium, but smaller. — Guiana.
0. EuMgemiin, Lindley. — A lovely small-growing but
variable plant, sometimes regarded as a variety of 0. cuculla-
tuvi, and succeeding under the coolest treatment, growing as
it does at an elevation of 11,000 feet above the sea level. It
is somewhat more robust in all its parts than Odontoglossum
Phalcenopsis, but the flowers are in shape very like diminutive
examples of that species. The pseudobulbs are small narrow-
oblong, compressed, smooth, the leaves solitary linear-oblong
ONCIDIUM. 495
acute, and the flowers in simple erect or nodding racemes on
very slender scapes. The sepals and petals are small ovate
acute, white or dull purple with green tips, and the lip is
broader than long, the front lobe almost reniform, white with
purple blotches, and three small calli at the base, but in the
manner of its markings and the intensity of its colour it
appears to be very variable. — Ecuador.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 6708.
0. oWongatum, Lmdley. — A handsome free-flowering
species, of compact habit. It has short thick pseudobulbs,
light green foliage about a foot in length, and very showy
flowers of good size, and of a clear sulphur with bright light
reddish brown specks at the base of all the parts ; the petals
are wider than the sepals and blunter, and the lip has the
middle lobe deeply fissured. It blossoms during the winter
months, and continues a long time in perfection. The plant
succeeds best in a pot. — Mexico.
Fig.— Paxt. Fl. Card., ii. 9, fig. 137.
Syn. — 0. xantkochlorum.
0. Obryzatum, Rchb. f. — A showy species of neat compact
habit, and growing freely in the cool house. The pseudo-
bulbs are oblong-ovate compressed, monophyllous, with acces-
sory basal leaves, oblong-ligulate in form. The flowers are
produced in great abundance in branched panicles, and are
bright yellow barred with brown, and yielding a delicious
perfume. The branches of the panicle are short and flexuose,
the sepals and petals are all reflexed, and the Hp, which has a
long claw-like isthmus and a broad reniform two-cleft anterior
lobe, is clear yellow with an orange red stain about the crest.
There are many varieties of this plant. — Peru .
FlG.—Gartenflora, t. 925.
0. ornitliorliyiiclllin], Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth. —
A pretty free-flowering species, which has ovate-oblong com-
pressed two-leaved pseudobulbs, ensiform acuminate leaves,
and crowded gracefully drooping panicles, a foot long or
more, of small but fragrant flowers of a clear rose, deeper in
some forms than in others. The sepals and petals are wavy
oblong, the latter broadest, and the lip is three-lobed, dilated
rounded and emarginate at the point. There are two varieties
of this, one having darker and larger flowers. It blooms
during the autumn and winter months. This plant does best
496
ORCHID-GROWEB S MANUAL.
in a basket, in which the flowers are shown off to good
advantage ; it is a general favourite with Orchid growers, and
useful for cutting. The fragrance resembles that of the native
Gymnadenia conopsea. — Mexico ; Guatemala ; Peru.
YiG.—Humb., Bonpl, ei Kth., Nov. Gen., i. t. 80 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3912 ; Bot.
Reg., 1840, t. 10 ; Batem. Orch. Mex. et Guat, t. 4 : Knowles ^ Westc.
Floral Cab., t. 136.
0. ornitliorliyiiclium albiflorum, BcU. /.—In this white
variety of 0. ornitliorhijnchum we have a great acquisition
for our Orchid collections, as white flowers are always valuable ;
being also sweet-scented, it will be all the more aj)preciated.
The flowers are white, with the calli only yellow. — Guatemala.
¥iG.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 398.
0. Papilio, Lindleif. — A very remarkable and beautiful
species, with flowers the shape of a butterfly. It has roundish
ovate compressed rugose dark
purple pseudobulbs, bearing a
single elliptical leathery one-
nerved leaf, which is of a deep
purple-brown, spotted and blot-
ched over with green. The
flower-scape, which springs from
the base of the bulb, is two to
three feet long, flexuose, jointed,
the upper articulations compressed,
ancipitous, and terminated by one
or two large and very handsome
flowers. The dorsal sepal and
two petals are about three inches
long, linear, erect, lurid green
outside, purple within, the lateral
ones oblong tapering wavy sub-
falcate decurved, bright yellow, striped with transverse bands
of orange-red ; and the lip is shorter, roundish, an inch and a
half across, wavy at the edge, emarginate, distinctly clawed,
yellow, mottled all over with brown or having a broad margin
of bright cinnamon brown {limhatum). This species is best
grown on a block or in a basket. — Trinidad, Caracas.
IPiG.—Locld. Cab., t. 1086 : Bot. Mag., t. 2795 ; Bot. Reg., i. 910 ; Jennings,
t. 11 ; Maund, Botanist, i. t. 10; Paxton, Mag. Bot., v. 175, with tab.;
K7iowles 4- Westc. Floral Cab., t. 12; Rchb. Fl. Exot., t. 62; Hart. Farad.,
i. t. 9 ; Flore des Serres, tt. 920—22.
ONCIDIUM PAPILIO.
ONCIDIUM. 497
0. Papilio Eckhardtii, Lucien Linden. — A superior variety
of this old favourite, Laving larger flowers, and a very broad
lip of larger size than in the type. The three erect narrow
perianth segments are four and a half inches long, and the lip
two and a quarter inches across, the latter yellow with a
broad orange-red border, and the lateral sepals cross-barred
with a similar coloar. — Native Coiintrij not stated.
FiG.—lUust. Eorikole, 3 ser., t. 500.
0. Papilio majUS, Bchh. f. — A truly beautiful Orchid,
which, like the other forms of the species, continues to bloom
from the old flower stems for years — as soon as one flower
fades, another appears in the same place. The form of the
flowers, as already explained, is very peculiar ; and the colour
is rich dark brown, barred with yellow, with the lip very
large, bright yellow in the centre, and edged with dark brown,
varying in colour and size of flower. There are several
varieties of 0. Papilio, but that called majus is the best. —
Trinidad.
0. pelicanum, Martins. — A very desirable species in which
the pseudobulbs are of a dark green colour, and the leaves
are elongate lanceolate and acute. It produces fine branching
panicles of showy flowers, which have the sepals and petals
yellow barred with brown, and the lip pale yellow. — Mexico.
¥lG.—Bot. Reg., 1847, t. 70.
SvN. — 0. cruentum; 0. reflexum pelicanum,
0. Plialsenopsis, Linden et Rchh. f. — A beautiful and distinct
slender-habited plant, growing about a foot in height. The
pseudobulbs are ovate oblong, furrowed, about two inches long,
and of a very dark green colour ; the leaves in pairs, ligulate-
oblong deep green ; and the scape very slender, bearing a
raceme of five or six large flowers, an inch and a half across
and two inches deep. The sepals are lanceolate, mottled all
over with reddish violet, except the edge, which is creamy white;
the petals are of the same form and spreading, also creamy
white, but with cross-bars of the rich reddish violet ; and the
lip is creamy white, pandurate, the front dilated and bilobed,
the narrowed middle part and the less dilated base spotted
with violet-crimson ; the base also bears a crest of three golden
lamellas. It should be grown in the cool house. — Ecuador.
'ElG.—lllust. Eon., 3 ser., t. 3 ; Orchid Album, ii. t. 96.
498 orchid-grower's manual.
0. pTiymatOcTlilnTTi) Lindley. — A pretty species, very distinct
from all others in its flowers as well as in its growth. The
pseudobulbs are broad fusiform, compressed, four to five inches
long, the base invested by large distichous scales, and bearing
at the tip a solitary dark green obovate-lanceolate leaf a foot
long and three inches broad. The flowers are curious, and grow
in a well-furnished panicled fiexuose raceme a foot or more
in length ; the sepals and petals are linear-subulate, flaccid,
yellowish green with a row of orange-red spots on the basal
part ; and the lip is shorter, three-lobed, the front trowel-
shaped lobe white, the contracted claw-like portion thickened
tuberculately, crested, yellow spotted with orange. This is a
species which ought to be in every collection ; it blooms
during May and June, and continues in flower for two months
at a time ; it is best grown in a pot, in peat. — Sujojiosed to be
from Mexico or Brazil.
'FiG.—Bof. Mag., t. 5214 ; Pescatorea, t. 35 ; Gard. Chron., 1848, 139, with
fig. ; Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. 88, with fig.
0. pulcliellilin, Hooker. — A beautiful dwarf compact plant
belonging to the group with equitant foliage, the slender flower
scape attaining a height of about six inches. The base of the
leaves is compressed, striated, and the upper part of each is
articulated on this basal portion, and is thick, succulent, tri-
quetrous, distichous and sharp-pointed, three to five inches long.
The flowers grow in close racemes, and are roundish, the lip
deeply four-lobed, with the sepals and petals much smaller,
white with a tinge of pink around the yellow trifid crest ; they
are produced in abundance during the summer months, and
remain for a long time in perfection. It thrives well on a
block, with plenty of moisture at the roots. — Jamaica ;
Demerara.
YlG.—Bot. Reg., t. 1787 ; Bot. Mag., t. 2773 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1984.
0. pulvinatum, Lindley. — A free-flowering species, compact
in habit, the pseudobulbs and foliage growing about a foot
high. The flower scapes, however, are not unfrequently
eight or nine feet long, smooth, much branched, with flexuous
divaricate branches ; the flowers are very numerous and gay-
looking, about an inch across, bright yellow with the base of
the sepals and petals crimson, and the roundish three-lobed
lip also yellow, but dotted with crimson around the margin.
On the disk is a convex cushion of dense hairs. It blooms
ONCIDIUM. 499
during the summer months, and lasts a longtime in perfection.
Pot culture and peat suit it best. — Brazil.
'FlG.—Bot. Reg., 1839, t. 42.
0. pulvinatuin majus, Williams. — A fine variety of the
preceding, with the same habit of gi'owth, but having blossoms
much larger and also brighter in colour. We saw this very
fine in August, 1884, in the collection of the Comte de Germiny
in France. — Brazil.
0. reflexum, Lindhy. — A pretty species, of dwarf habit
and easy culture. Its ovate pseudobulbs are monophyllous,
and its leaves narrow lanceolate and acute. The peduncles
grow a foot and a half high, and bear short remote flexuous
branches, so that the numerous long spikes become covered
with abundance of its comparatively large bright yellow
flowers, of which the sepals and petals are regularly speckled
with brown, and the lip has a few red specks at the base.
Eeichenbach describes the sepals and petals as dark purple
and the lip white, and his uncoloured figure appears to agree
with this description. Its flowers enliven the Orchid house
as autumn is approaching, which should make it an universal
favourite . — Mexico .
'Fia.—3faund, Botanist, in. t. 116 ; Xenia Orch., i. t. 36.
0. Righyamim. — See Oncidium sakcodks.
0. Eogersii. — See Oncidium vaeicosum Eogeesii.
0. roseum, Loddiges. — A pretty small-flowered species,
regarded by Lindley as a variety of 0. carthaginense. It is a
bulbless plant with large solitary oblong leathery leaves, and
a tall scape bearing short branches of small creamy white
flowers spotted with bright crimson, and having a large
blotch in front of the yellow disk. It blooms at diff"erent
times of the year, and lasts six weeks in good condition. The
plant is best grown in a pot with peat. — Honduras.
FlG.—Sertum Orch., t. 27 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3806 (Huntianum).
Eyn.— O. carthaginense sanguineum; 0. sanguineum; 0, Huntianum; 0.
Eenchmanni.
0. roseum SUperbum, Hart. — A fine large variety of the
preceding, which we saw in the collection of the late T. West,
Esq., Clapham Park. It is a magnificent plant, making
panicles five feet long, covered with beautiful large rich
crimson and white flowers. — Honduras.
500 OECHiD grower's manual.
0. rupestre, Lindley. — A very handsome cool house species,
of stout habit, with ovate compressed pale green smooth
pseudobulbs, dark green ligulate leaves a foot long and two
inches broad, and a stiff pyramidal panicle two feet high
bearing numerous flowers, which are large and showy, of a
brilliant golden yellow, the sepals and petals with about three
cinnamon blotches at the base of each, and the roundish
bilobed lip with a stain of the same colour across its base. —
Fera, on walls and rocks
0. sanguineuni. — See Oncidium roseum.
0. Sarcodes, Lindley. — A remarkably fine species, producing
its showy and handsome flowers during March and April.
The pseudobulbs are subcylindrical, from three to four inches
long, terminated by two or three broad lanceolate leaves, and
developing from the base a many-flowered panicle of large
and handsome flowers, of which the upper sepal is obovate,
yellow with dull brown cross-bars, the two lateral ones lance-
shaped and dull-coloured, the petals cuneate spathulate, the
basal two-thirds bright chestnut brown with a few yellow cross
lines, the apical portion yellow, and the broad repand undu-
lated lip clear yellow except a few red spots in front of the
crest. This showy plant has been scarce, but latterly there
have been some large importations, which have yielded many
varieties. It will do either in a basket or in a pot, with peat
and moss. — Brazil.
YlG.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, i. t. 23 ; JJlust. Uort., 3 ser., 1. 165; Paxton,
Mag. Bot., xvi. 257, with tab. ; Flore des Sevres, yi. 237, with fig.
Si'N. — 0. Rigbyanum.
0. serratum, Lindley. — A pretty species of very distinct
aspect, on account of its long straggling semiscandent panicles.
The pseudobulbs are oval, six inches high or more, bearing
large rigid lorate acute leaves a foot long, and the scape
twining and branched, from six to twelve feet long, bearing
many large flowers, which are bright chocolate brown mar-
gined with yellow. The sepals, as are all the parts of the
flower, are much crisped at the margins, the dorsal one reni-
form, and the lateral obovate, much lengthened out ; the petals
smaller, ovate acute, and connivent, the lip also small and
hastate. It should be grown in rough fibrous peat, and
placed in the cool house. — Peru.
¥iG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5632; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PI, t. 194; Gard.
Chron., 1850, 279, with fig.
Stn.— (?. Diadema.
ONCIDIUM. 501
0. sessile, Lindhy. — A pretty species of compact growth.
It has two- leaved oblong compressed pseudobulbs, the leaves
lorate papery, and the flower scapes bearing panicles of large
pale yellow flowers, spotted in the centre with pale cinnamon
colour. These flowers are an inch and a half across and
nearly two inches deep, the sepals and petals oblong, and the
lip auricled with the three-lobed crest smooth and hollowed
out, and the broad front portion dilated and retuse. This
species, which blooms during the spring months, and lasts
in bloom four weeks, will do well in the Cattleya house. —
Caracas : Santa Martha.
ElG.—Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. t. 21.
0. sphacelatnm, Lindley. — A good free-growing, free-
blooming species, with elongate ovate ancipitous pseudo-
bulbs, long ensiform leaves, and long
branching panicles of flowers, which
are bright yellow, the sepals and
petals transversely barred with rich
deep chestnut brown on the basal
half, and the roundish bilobed lip
having a bar of the same colour
across its contracted base. The
flowers are produced in April and
May, and last for three or four
weeks in beauty. There are two
varieties — minus, IJndletj, with
smaller flowers; and majUS, Lindley, oncidium sphacelatum.
which is much to be preferred, the
flowers being larger. It is best grown in a pot with peat
or moss. — Guatemala; Mexico.
'ElG.—Bot. Reg., 1842, t. 30.
0. spleEdidum, A. Rich. — This is a noble species, and very
rare ; it is closely related to 0. tigiinum, of which Dr. Hooker
makes it a variety, and like that it is very showy and efi"ective.
It has short roundish or ovate somewhat compressed pseudo-
bulbs, each of which supports a single erect fleshy oblong deep
green leaf, and produces at the base a stout erect scape two feet
long, terminating in a noble branched inflorescence of large
and very handsome flowers. The oblong ligulate recurved
sepals and petals are yellowish green heavily barred with
rich brown, and the lip is large and flat, the midlobe trans-
versely oblong, with a broadish unguis, and of an uniform rich
502
ORCHID-GROWER S MANUAL.
clear yellow, the disk being a long white ridge, which is con-
tinued quite on to the midlobe. The flowers are produced
during the spring and early summer months. It should be
grown in the Cattleya house, in a pot or basket. — Guatemala ;
Mexico.
'FiG.—Bof. Mag., t. 5878 ; Flore des Serves, t. 1825 ; Puydt, Les Orch., t.
33 ; Gard. Chron., 1871, 42, fig. 4.
Btn. — 0. tigrinum sj)kndldum.
ONCIDIUM SPLESDIDUSI.
0. SprilCei, Limlley. — This species belongs to the section
Teretifolia, and is a near relation to 0. Ceholetta, but its
leaves, which are sometimes two and a half feet long, are
more swollen in the centre. The bright yellow flowers are
503
produced in flexuose panicles in great profusion ; the sepals
and petals are obovate obtuse, yellow, blotched with red
above, and the lip has the transverse middle lobe narrowly
clawed, two-lobed, yellow, stained with red at the base.
From its distinct habit it makes a good addition to a
collection. — Brazil.
0. Stelligerum, Echb. f. — This is an interesting and free-
flowering species, allied to but little resembling 0. hastatum.
The stellate flowers are produced in panicles, the oblong ligu-
late sepals and petals yellowish, with many brown spots, the
lip yellowish white, with a darker yellow callus, the lateral
lobes short obtuse-angled, the isthmus narrow, and the mid-
lobe roundish cordate, shortly and abruptly cuspidate. —
Mexico.
0. SUperbiens, Bchh. f. — This handsome species belongs to
the same section as 0. macranthum and 0. serratuin. The
pseudobulbs are elongate ovate compressed, about four inches
long ; the leaves are about a foot long, linear-oblong acute,
leathery, keeled ; and the scape is two to three feet long, in-
cluding a lax flexuous panicle of twenty to thirty flowers,
which are two and a half inches in diameter. The sepals are
long-clawed, the upper trulliform much crisped, the apex
reflexed, the lateral more ovate and less crisped, all chocolate
brown, tipped with yellow ; the petals are smaller, cordate
oblong, recurved, with a shorter broader claw, yellow in the
apical half, barred with chocolate in the basal portion ; the
lip is much smaller, revolute, trulliform, of a blackish purple,
with the crest yellow. — New Grenada; Venezuela.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5980.
0. tigrinum, LI are and Lex. — One of the most beautiful
and free-blooming of the large-flowered yellow Oncids. The
pseudobulbs are ovate compressed, blunt-edged, three inches
long, bearing two or three lanceolate oblong leathery leaves,
and from the base a panicle of numerous large showy flowers,
which have the odour of violets. The sepals are linear-oblong,
acute, wavy, revolute at the margins, the lateral ones curving
upwards so that all three stand above the base of the lip ; the
petals are similar in form, and also curve upwards ; both
sepals and petals are yellowish green, heavily marked with
transverse bands of dark chestnut brown ; the lip is three-
lobed, with the central part transversely oblong reniform, one
504 oechid-geower's manual.
and three-quarter inches broad, emarginate and apiculate,
the smaller lateral lobes being almost semicircular, and placed
behind the distinct basal isthmus connecting the front with
the hinder portion, the whole being of a bright clear yellow.
It produces these branching panicles of flowers during the
dull months of autumn and winter, which gi'eatly enhances
its value, and it lasts six weeks in bloom. There have been
several importations during the last three years, which has
made this fine Orchid more plentiful. It should be grown in
the Mexican house. — Mexico; Guatemala ; Meclwacan.
YlG.—Sertum Orch., t. 48; Bot. Reg., t. 1651; Jllust. Hort., t. 2; Orchid
Album, iii. t. 137 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., xiv. 97, with tab.
Syn. — 0. Barkeri; Odontoglossum tigrinum,
0. tigrinum unguiculatum, Lindley. — A pretty winter-
blooming variety, in which the somewhat smaller flowers are
produced on a long branching scape, three or four feet high,
and last a long time in perfection ; they are of a pale green
colour, speckled with crimson, the lip clear yellow. It
succeeds best potted in good fibrous peat. — Mexico.
Syn. — 0. ionosmum.
0. trilingue, Lindley. — A very peculiar plant, still rare in
collections, and very much resembling 0. serratum, to which,
indeed, it is nearly allied. The flowers grow in semiscandent
panicles, rather sparsely furnished ; the lateral sepals are un-
guiculate, connate at the base, elongate lanceolate and undu-
lated, the dorsal one roundish ovate, crisped, the claw auricu-
late, all of a rich reddish brown; the lip is dagger- shaped,
brown, edged with light yellow, with a yellow crest. It should
be potted in fibrous peat, and grown in the cool house. — Peru.
'Pig.— Paxt. Fl. Gard., ii. t. 63 ; Lem. Jard. Fl., t. 217.
0. Taricosum, Lindley. — A very beautiful and well-marked
species, having ovate oblong subtetragonal furrowed pseudo-
bulbs two to four inches high,ligulate lanceolate bluntish keeled
leaves, and stout glaucous panicles two to three feet long,
literally covered with large showy flowers, of which the small
oblong acute incurved sepals and reflexed obovate petals are
pale dull green banded with dark brown, these being quite
eclipsed by the large roundish or transversely reniform obso-
letely four-lobed lip, which is flatly expanded and of a clear
bright yellow. It flowers during the months of October and
November. — Brazil.
¥iG.— Orchid Album, iv. 1. 192 ; Lem. Jard. FL, tt. 206—7.
ONCIDIUM. 505
0. Yaricosum Eogersii, Rchb.f. — An exceedingly showy and
beautiful free-flowering plant, which is now generally considered
to be a Tariety of 0. varicosum, to which it is evidently closely
related. It has oblong ovate furrowed pseudobulbs, which
bear two ligulate lanceolate leaves, and from their side a large
densely branched nodding panicle which sometimes bears as
many as one hundred and seventy flowers, each measuring
about two and a half inches across. The sepals and petals
are comparatively small, the lip large, reniform, flat and
spreading, deeply four-lobed in front, and rich golden yellow
in colour, with a few bars of red brown at the base. It blooms
during winter, and should be grown in the Cattleya house,
potted in peat and sphagnum moss. — Brazil.
'Fig.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, ii. t. 31; Jennings, Orch., t. 29; Floral
Mag., t. 477; Florist and Pomol, 1870, 25, t. 30J ; Gard. Chron., 1870, 277,
fig. 48; Flore des Serves, xviii. 150, vsith fig. ; Belg. Eort., 1878, tt. 6—7.
Oi variegatum, Swartz. — A pretty dwarf-growing species
with fleshy equitant acuminate serrulate leaves three or four
inches long, and of a dark green colour, the branching upright
panicles six inches to a foot and a half high, bearing many
blossoms of a rosy pink colour, richly stained with cinnamon
red on the petals and at the base of the sepals and lip, these
blossoms continuing in beauty for several weeks. The petals
are largish obovate clawed, the apex emarginate and cuspi-
date ; and the lip bears two small acute lateral lobes, and
has a broad two-parted middle lobe with a denticulate claw,
and a crest consisting of two sets of tubercles. It is best
grown on a block with plenty of moisture at the roots. —
West Indies.
Fia.—Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. t. 33 ; Lem. Jard. Fl., t. 99.
0. Warneri, Lindley. — A very pleasing and distinct dwarf-
growing species, with csespitose ovate ancipitous subangulate
pseudobulbs, which are two-leaved, the leaves linear-lanceo-
late and recurved. The flowers grow in short racemes of
five to eight together, the sepals being oval, spreading, the petals
somewhat narrower and ascendent, and the lip three-lobed
flat, with the middle lobe cuneate and deeply parted into two
roundish lobes. There are two varieties, in both of which the
lip is of a bright yellow ; but in one {sordidum) the sepals
and petals are dull yellow streaked with purple, and in the
other (piu-puratum) the sepals and petals are white streaked
with bright purple. This latter form is the most desirable
506 okchld-grower's manual.
for cultivation. It blooms during the autumn months. —
Mexico.
TlG.—Bot. Reg., 1847, t. 20.
Syn. — Odontoglossum Warncri purpurahim.
0. 'Warsceviczii, Bchb. f. — A rare and interesting orna-
mental species, remarkable for the great spathaeeous bracts
of its flower scape. The pseudobulbs are ovate, compressed,
two-leaved, the leaves narrow oblanceolate, and the flowers
in racemes a foot long, from twelve to seventeen being borne
on the raceme. The sepals and petals are oblong-lanceolate
obtuse, the petals broader and blunter, while the lip is
broadly cuneate and auricled at the base, with a long narrow
isthmus, which is thickened and blunt-angled on each side, and
is continued into a broad reniform bilobed apex. The flowers
are golden yellow, the borders of the isthmus tinted with
brown. There is a crest of three raised lines on the disk. The
0. hifrons of Dr. Lindley is regarded as a starved specimen
of this plant by Reichenbach, who states that it perishes as
soon as it descends into the warm zone. — Costa Fdca, at an
elevation of 8,000 to 10,000 feet, growing on oaks.
Fig. — Gard. Cliron., 1857, 84, with fig, (starved specimen, fide Rchb.).
Syn. — 0. bifrons.
0. "Weltoili. — See Miltonia Waescetvtczh Weltoni.
0. xanthodon, Echb. /. — A very striking plant of the 0.
serratwn section, and one which, although the flowers are
not so large as in that species, yet makes a good display
from their being very freely produced. In habit of growth it
closely resembles 0. serratum. The pseudobulbs are five
inches long, narrow ovoid, much compressed ; the leaves
narrow linear-obovate, two feet long, one at the apex and several
equitantly sheathing the base of the bulb. The scape is six
to eight feet long, twining, bearing a large flexuosely branched
panicle of numerous flowers, which have the clawed obovate-
rotundate undulate -crisped crenate sepals and petals of a
rich dark brown, bordered with bright yellow, the smaller
narrower obovate recurved lip being of the same colours with
the basal portion yellow, irregularly quadrate, and bearing a
crest of several tubercular caUi. — Ecuador.
FiQ.—Bot. Mag., t. 5756.
PACHYSTO^r^
EOMSONIANA.
PACHYSTOMA.
507
PachYSTOMA, Blume.
[Tribe Epidendrtse, sub'ribe Eriese.)
A small genus of Orchids allied to Tpsea, and producing
from the rhizomes one or two-leaved pseudobulbs, often
developed later on, and having simple leafless scapes bearing
the flowers in short racemes. There are about ten species
found in West Tropical Africa and the Malayan Archipelago.
Ipsea is included in the genus by some authorities.
Culture. — This plant is best grown in a pot in a compost
of fibrous peat, and sphagnum moss, and with good drainage.
It should be grown in the East Indian house as near the light
as possible.
PACHYSTOMA THOMSO^IANUM.
P. Thomsonianum, Rchb. f. — A very pretty dwarf- growing
plant, with small depressed orbicular tunicate pseudobulbs,
solitary erect elliptic lanceolate plicate leaves, and erect slender
scapes from the base of the bulbs bearing from one to three
Y 2
508 oECHiD grower's manual.
flowers, each being from three to three and a half inches
across and spreading ; the dorsal sepal is erect oblong-lanceo-
late acuminate, larger than the rest, the lateral ones being
decurved, the petals are also lanceolate spreading, all these
being pure white ; the lip is one inch long, trifid, with erect
conchoid subquadrate lateral lobes, the central one lanceolate
triangular, the apex tapered and recurved, white marked with
broad reddish purple streaks. It flowers in October and
November. — West Tropical Africa.
'FiQ.—Bot. Mag., t. 6471 ; Xenia Orch., iii. t. 213; Gard. Chron., N.S., xii.
621, fig. 102—3 ; Id., xviii. 601, fig. 87.
PaLUMBINA, Bchh.f
(Tribe Vandese, subtribe Oncidie^,)
The only species referred here was at first very doubtfully
stationed in Oncidium by Lindley, and next separated from
Oncidium under the name of Palumhina by Reichenbach.
Bentham puts it back into Oncidium. It appears to difier in
its lateral sepals being connate into one, forming a short con-
cave emarginate organ, in its peculiar "tabula stigmatica,"
and, according to Lindley, in its four pollen-masses. It is a
Guatemalan plant.
Culture. — A rare and interesting species, which thrives best
under rather cool treatment. It will do in a pot, with peat,
moss, and good drainage, but it does not require much water
at the roots at any time. It should be grown in the cool
house.
P. Candida, Bchb.f. — This interesting plant is very distinct
in habit and appearance. The pseudobulbs are narrow com-
pressed ligulate, bearing each a linear or cuneate-ligulate pale
green leaf; the scapes are slender, dark purplish, bearing a
raceme of several flat waxy white flowers, which continue in
perfection a long time. Of these the sepals are oblong sub-
acute, the lateral ones connate to the tip, the petals larger,
also oblong, and the lip elongate ovate. — Guatemala.
'FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5546 ; Gard. Chron., 1865, 793, with fig. ; Id., N.S.,
XX. 233, fig. 35.
Syn. — Oncidium candidum.
509
PaphiniA, LindUij.
{Tribe Vandese, subtribe Cyrtopodiese.)
Of this pretty genus there are only a few species known,
but they are all well worth gi'owing, being compact in habit,
and having short pseudobulbs, plicate leaves from six inches
to a foot in length, and pendulous scapes bearing flowers of
rather a grotesque appearance from the peculiar distribution
of their colours. They were originally assigned to Maxillaria,
but Bentham places them under Lycaste. They are found
wild in Demerara, Trinidad, and New Grenada.
Culture. — The species of PapJdnia succeed best in the
East Indian house, suspended from the roof in pots or pans
of good fibrous peat and sphagnum moss, with the addition
of a few lumps of charcoal, and with plenty of drainage.
They enjoy a liberal supply of water aL the roots during the
growing season. Propagation is effected by separating the
bulbs.
P. cristata, Lindley. — A pretty dwarf free-flowering species,
which grows about eight inches high, and has small shining
oblong-ovate compressed slightly furrowed pseudobulbs, with
two or more oblong-lanceolate plicate leaves from their apex,
and from the base a pendent scape, usually bearing about
three flowers, which are some three inches across. The sepals
and petals are all lanceolate spreading, the fleshy sepals and
the smaller petals are white almost covered with longitudinal
streaks, and near the base transverse bars of dark chocolate
brown ; the lip is much smaller, thick and fleshy, somewhat
ovate in outline, shortly clawed, with oblong acinaciform
lateral lobes, and a central rhomboidal one, almost wholly of a
rich chocolate brown, but with a terminal tuft or pencil of
club-shaped downy white fimbria, the disk bidentate, and the
column yellowish green banded with chocolate. There are
two varieties, one of which produces much darker flowers
than the other. It blooms at difi'erent times of the year, and
510 ORCHID- geo'w:er's manual.
will remain in beauty for about a fortnight. — Demerara,
Trinidad, New Grenada.
YlG.—Bot. Rfg.,t. 1811 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4836 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orck. PI,
t. 117 ; Flore des Serres, t. 335; Mauud, Botanist, ii. t. 75 j Orchid Album,
. t. 34.
Syn. — Maxillaria cristata.
PAPHINIA CRISTATA.
P, grandis, Rchb. f. — This species produces handsome
flowers about twice the size of those of P. cristata. It has
small angular ovate clustered pseudobulbs, short elliptic
lanceolate acuminate plaited leaves, and pendent three-flowered
scapes, bearing semi-expanded flowers seven inches across.
The sepals and petals are broad ovate-lanceolate, creamy white
in the lower half, transversely spotted and barred with choco-
late purple, the apical portion being entirely covered with
tbis purple colour, and tbe petals having the markings in
narrower and finer bands set more concentrically ; the lip is
PEKISTERIA. 511
somewhat obovate in outline, with a blackish purple claw
widening into an oblong-obovate cream-coloured disk, from
which a pair of bluntly linear incurved chocolate brown side
lobes proceed ; it then becomes constricted, the front lobe
furnished with two laterally spreading acute recurved blackish
purple falcate teeth, and terminating in a roundish knob,
covered with a bunch of shaggy cream-coloured glandular
hairs. The column is green spotted with purple and tipped
with bright yellow. A fiue flower of this species was com-
municated by W. WilHams, Esij., Sugnell Hall, Eccleshall,
Staffordshire. It flowers in October and November. — Brazil.
Fig. — Orchid Album, iv, t. Ho.
P. rugosa, Rchb. f. — A pretty little free-flowering species.
The pseudobulbs are very small, nearly terete, furrowed, the
leaves cuneate below and much acuminate, and the scapes
pendulous bearing two flowers as large as those of P. cristata.
The sepals and petals are white or creamy yellow, distinctly
spotted with dull purple ; the lip reddish purple with a white
fringe. It flowers during the summer months. This variety
Reichenbach suggests should be called Sanderiaiia, and the
other New Grenadan variety, which has the sepals and petals
yellowish with few brown spots, and the lip white spotted with
purple, should be regarded as the type of the species. — New
Grenada.
Syn. — P. Sanderiana.
P. tigrina. — See Houlletia tigeina.
P. Sanderiana. — See Paphinia rugosa.
PeeISTEEIA, Hooker.
{Tribe Vandese, subtribe Stanhopieae.)
A genus of remarkable species, one of which, P. elata, the
Dove plant, is a noble object, and one which ought to be in
every collection. These plants produce their flower scapes
from the side of their large pseudobulbs, near the base, and
have broad plicately venose leaves contracted into a petiole
below. The flowers are showy, with thick broad sepals
connivent into a globular form, a three-lobed lip with the
lateral lobes erect and the middle lobe concave and inflexed,
512 oechid-geower's manuax^.
accl a column which is dilated and bears two large fleshy
wings. There are three or four species found in the Andes
of Colombia, and Central America.
Culture. — These fine and stately plants will succeed in
either the East Indian or the Cattleya house, and, should be
potted in loam and leaf mould ; a good quantity of water is
necessary during their period of growth, after which they
mast have a good season of rest, and be kept nearly dry at
the roots, for if allowed to get wet during their resting season
they are apt to rot. They are propagated by dividing the
plants.
P. CSrina, Lindley. — A fine species, having strong tfblong-
ovate dark green pseudobulbs three inches high, supporting
a pair of large coriaceous plicate leaves of the same colour.
The flower scape is short, pendulous, bearing a dense raceme
of nine or ten unspotted yellow flowers, which have the smell
of bruised juniper leaves, only more aromatic. It blooms in
June or July. — Central America.
YlG.—Boi. Reg., t. 1953.
P. elata, Hook. — A noble free-grow-
ing plant, with large broadly ovate
pseudobulbs, surmounted by three to
five light green plaited lance-shaped
leaves three to four feet high. The
flower scapes are erect, three to five
feet in height, bearing a long raceme
of white waxy almost globose flowers.
The central parts of each flower pre-
sent a very striking resemblance to the
figure of a dove, whence it is called in
the vernacular, JEl Spirito Santo. This
plant usually flowers in July, August,
and September, and continues bloom-
ing for two months when the growths
PERisTERiA ELATA. are stroug. — Panama.
Tig.— Bot. Mag., t. 3116 ; Jennings, Orcli., t. 44.
P. guttata, Knoxdes and Westc. — A curious species which
produces short pendent scapes bearing dense racemes of dull
PESCATOREA.
513
salinon-red flowers, which are copiously marked on both
sarfaces with reddish purple or maroon spots, and which
have an agreeable aromatic resinous odour. The pendulous
flower spikes hang over the edge of the pot ; it blooms in
September, lastuig two or three weeks in perfection. —
Deinerara.
FiG.— Knoioles and Westc, Floral Cab , t. 70.
P. pendula, Hook. — A handsome species, with oblong-ovate
farrowed pseudobulbs, bearing three or four lanceolate nervosa
leaves, and a short pendulous scape from the base of the bulb,
bearing a close-set raceme of about five globose flowers, which
are of a blush-tinted yellowish colour thickly sprinkled with
purple dots, the hp dingy white spotted with purple, its disk
bearing a thick elevated crest, and the anterior lobe deeply-
grooved with a recurved apex. — Demeram.
FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 3479.
PeSCATOEEA, Eeichcnbach fil.
{Tribe Vandese, subtribe Cyrtcpodeaj.)
This genus consists of epiphytal plants scarcely forming;,
pseudobulbs, but having bold distichous evergreen leaves, and
one-flowered scapes issuing from amongst them, and bearing,
large flowers, which have a clawed lip, with an ovate acute
lamina, a deeply fimbriated crest, and a very broad column.
The few species are from the Andes of South America.
Culture. — The Pescatoreas are easily grown if they get the
treatment required, but they are often killed by having too
much heat. We find they do best in the cool end of the
East Indian house, with plenty of water all the year round,
for they seem never to require any rest. The attention that
may be given them will be well repaid by a profusion of their
elegant, curious, and dehcately scented flowers. The plants
will do well either on blocks or rafts or in pots ; if on blocks.
live sphagnum should be packed about their roots ; if in
pots, they should have a compost of peat and moss, with good
drainage.
Y 3
514 orchid-grower's manual.
P. Backhousiana, Rchh. f. — A very distinct and beaatiful
species in the way of P. Klabochorum. The sepals and petals
are creamy white heavily tipped with bright purplish violet,
the deeply three-lobed lip is also creamy white, having a deep
yellow hippocrepiform callus of nineteen ribs, with brownish
lines to the keels, the anterior portion yellowish with a
number of small purplish warts. It blossoms during the
summer months. Introduced by Messrs. Backhouse & Son,
York. — Ecuador.
Syn. — Zygopetalum Backhousianum.
P. bella, Rchh. f. — Professor Reichenbach describes this
as being a grand beauty, with flowers larger than those of P.
cerina. The sepals and petals are light or whitish violet, and
have near their tips a broad band of the darkest purplish
violet ; the lip is rather hooded, and of a whitish yellow
colour, with a large hippocrepiform callus, consisting of
twenty-one ribs, the keels of which are purplish on their
back line, the tip of the lip showing a large purplish violet
blotch. The column is purplish with a triangular yellowish
white space at the base, covered with numerous purplish spots.
It flowers during the spring months. — New Grenada.
Stn. — Zygoj^etalum bellum,
P. cerina, Rchb. f. — A beautiful bulbless species, which
produces from the crown tufts of several cuneate-oblong acu-
minate leaves a foot long, and from their axils one-flowered
peduncles much shorter than the leaves, each producing a
handsome flower some three inches across. The sepals and
petals are fleshy, concave, roundish oblong, of a pale waxy
straw-colour, the lateral sepals being rather darker ; and the lip
is yellow, clawed, ovate convex retuse, with a thick semicircular
rufl" or crest of numerous truncate plaits, within which is
sometimes a band of deep purple, surrounding the base of
the short clavate hoodless column. The plant is slow in
growth, but of easy culture, producing at various seasons
its delicate-coloured flowers, which are of very long duration.
— Verar/ua, Chiriqui, elevation 8,000 feet.
'ElG—Bot. 3Iag., t. 5598 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PI, 1. 183 ; Xenia Orch.,
i. t. 65; Flore des Serves, t. 1815; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 93; Paxt. Fl.
Gard., iii. 62, fig. 268.
Syn. — Huntleya cerina; Zygopetalum cerinum.
P. Dayana, Pvchh. f. — A very pretty and distinct species,
with flowers similar in shape to those of P. cerina. The
PESCATOEEA. 515
oblong-obovate sepals and roundish rhomboidal petals are
of a milky white, the sepals tipped with green ; the clawed
oblong retuse emarginate lip, angulate at the base, is white,
with the ruff or ring of folds forming the elevated callus purplish
violet, the base as well as the rays in front of the callus being
of the same colour, while the column is yellow with a broad
reddish band at its base. It flowers in November and
December. — New Grenada.
Syn. — Zygopetalum Dayanum.
P. Dayana candidula, Ikhh. f. — A chaste and beautiful
variety, having the sepals and petals of a pure white, while
the lip is tinted with purplish crimson. — New Grenada.
FlG.—Gard. Chron., N.S., iii. 342, fig. 69.
P. Dayana rliodacra, BcU. /. — A very distinct variety, in
which the sepals and petals are tipped with purplish rose. —
New Grenada.
P. Dayana splendens, B.chh. f.—k very lovely variety,
having dark violet blotches at the tips of the sepals and petals,
and the lip deep violet, which colour extends to the base of the
column. — New Grenada.
P. Gairiana, Pichh. f. — A distinct and handsome species,
which Eeichenbach calls "glorious." The flowers are large,
with the oblong ligulate sepals and petals deep violet, the
anterior portion being of the deepest blackish purple on the
inner face ; and the lip purplish rose-coloured or light purple
mauve, with the front portion reflexed on the limb so as
to be nearly hood-shaped, and marked by obscure longi-
tudinal keels, between which are numerous warts ; the large
ruff or callus has from fifteen to seventeen radiating keels,
and in some of the forms is orange-coloured with purple ridges.
The column is dark violet above, whitish yellow with some
purple spots at the base. It is named in honour of John Gair,
Esq., Falkirk, who grows the species oi Fcscatorea and Bollca
to great perfection. It flowers during the summer months. —
Ecuador.
Syn. — Zijgopetalum Gairianum.
P. KlaTDOCllOrum, Rchh. f. — A very beautiful and free-
flowering species, introduced by the late Franz Klaboch, after
whom it is named. The flowers are very large, from three
to three and a half inches in diameter ; the oblong obtuse sepals
516 oechid-grower's manual.
and the more wedge-shaped shorter petals are white deeply
tipped with chocolate purple, the tint of which seems to vary
in the different varieties we have seen ; the lip is trowel-shaped,
three-lobed, ochre-coloured or white, with the whole surface
except the margin covered with short purple-tipped papillas
papulcB radiantes as Prof. Eeichenbach calls them, ranged
in lines ; the ruff or callus at the base consists of nineteen
lamellae, sulphur-coloured with brown keels, and the column
is yellowish washed with brown and purple. Several varieties
have been observed. — Ecuador.
'Fig.— Illust. RorL,3 ser., t. 431 ; Orchid Album, i. t. 17 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard.,
reissue, t. 21.
Syn. — Zygopetalum Klabochorum,
P. Lelunanili, Uchh. f. — This, which is one of the most
charming species of Pescatorea, in habit resembles its con-
geners, being bulbless, with linear lorate acute leaves,
from one to one and a half foot in height, and about an
inch broad, the solitary flowers emerging from their axils.
These flowers are large, from three to three and a half inches
across, and very showy; the sepals and petals are broadly
cuneate oblong, white with close curved parallel lines of reddish
purple extending nearly to the edge ; and the lip is deep
mauve purple, the anterior portion oblong, revolute, retuse,
and covered with long bristle-like papillae of a purple tint,
the callus or ruff of about eleven ridges being of a chestnut
brown colour. It appears to bloom at different times of the
year. — Ecuador.
Fig. — Orcliid Album, ii. t. 57; Gard, Chron., N.S., xvii. 45, fig. 5; Illust.
Eort., 3 ser., t.47i.
Syn. — Zygopetalum Lehmanni.
P. Roezlii, Echb. f. — This is a very distinct plant, though
allied to P. Bayana. It seems to vary a great deal in the
colouring of its large flowers. In the form usually met with
the oblong sepals and cuneate obovate petals are white, beauti-
fully tipped with violaceous lilac or purplish rose, and the
blade of the lip, excepting the callus, is of the same showy
colours. — Ecuador.
P. Eusseliana, Fichb. f. — A large-flowered beautiful and
free-flowering species, with broad sepals and petals which
are cream-coloured, tipped with reddish purple ; the lip is
of the same reddish purple colour, with a yellow ruff or
callus having fifteen lamellas with deep crimson purple angles.
517
It was named in honour of the late Provost Eussel of
Falkirk. — Ecuador.
Stn. — Zygopetahim Russelimum,
P. Wallisii, Linden et RcJib. f. — This superb species
resembles P. cerina in its general appearance, but has larger
flowers. It forms a tuft of lorate acuminate leaves, from
the axils of which issue the short peduncles, bearing each
a solitary blossom of some three inches in diameter, the
oblong obtuse apiculate sepals and rhomboid petals being of a
rich creamy v/hite tipped with bluish violet ; the oblong retuse
furrowed lip is of a deeper violet, with a white margin, and
the ruff or cillus of seventeen keels is also white tinted in
front with purple. The column is white, with a band of dark
violet at the base. It is a fine addition to this beautiful
genus, requiring somewhat cool treatment. — Ecuador.
'Fig.— Flore des Serrex, t. 1828.
Syn, — Zygopetalum I J '« Ulsii.
Phajus, Loureiro.
( Ti ihe Epidendrete, suhtribe Bletiese.)
A fine genus of tall-growing terrestrial Orchids, which
produce their well-furnished racemes of beautiful flowers
very freely, and which when well grown are noble objects.
The name is sometimes written Phaius. The stems are
in some of the species pseudobulbous ; the leaves are large
and plicate ; the flower scape in the genuine species is
erect and leafless, and the flowers, which grow in racemes,
are large and showy. The sepals are free, and the lip gibbose
or spurred at the base, its lateral lobes broad and rolled over
the elongated footless column. There are about a dozen
species, which are found in Tropical Asia, India, Ceylon, the
Malay Islands, Madagascar, Australia, and China. A few
leafy stemmed species with nodding racemes are now referred
to the genus Thunia.
Culture. — These plants are of easy culture, but they will
amply repay any amount of attention and care. They are of
518 oechid-gbower's manual.
large growth, and even when not in bloom their noble foliage
is extremely ornamental. If fine specimens are wanted, they
should be grown in pots of large size, with loam, leaf mould,
and rotten cow-dung, as directed in the remarks on Terrestrial
Orchids. They require plenty of heat and moisture at their
roots in the growing season, but the water should not touch
the young growth. Daring their period of rest they may be
placed in a cooler house, and should then be supplied with
very little water. Propagation is effected by dividing the
bulbs after the blooming season is past.
P. Blumei, Lindley. — A very handsome plant, resembling
P. grandifoUus in its habit of growth, as it does also in
the size and the shape of its flowers. From a creeping
root-like caudex it produces roundish ovate pseudobulbs,
which are marked by annular scars, and develope lanceolate
acuminate strongly plicate leaves two feet long. The scape
springs up from the base of the bulbs and grows three to four
feet high, terminated by a floral raceme a foot long ; the
sepals and petals are lanceolate acuminate, olive brown, the
lip rolled up over the column, ochraceous outside, the larger
ovate undulated front lobe mucronate, crimson with a yellowish
margin. It flowers during the spring months. — Java.
'FiG.—Blume, Orch. Arch. Ind., t. 1, et t. 5 D ; Be Vriese, III. Orch., tt.
8, 11 ; Garteiiflnra, t. 464.
Syn. — Liinodorum Incarvilhi.
P. Blumei Bernaysii, BcM. f.—k very showy variety,
closely resembling P. Blumei in habit and general appearance,
the pseudobulbs being roundish ovate, the dark green leaves
lanceolate and strongly nervose, and the racemes of flowers
terminating scapes from two to three feet high. The sepals
and petals are lanceolate acuminate, white outside, soft
pale yellow within ; and the lip is three-lobed, as long as
the petals, the convolute portion sulphur yellow, the lateral
lobes rounded white, the middle lobe orbicular apiculate,
with a white wavy recurved margin, yellow on the disk, and
a conical curved greenish spur. — Australia : Queensland.
FiQ.—Bot. Mag., t._6032.
Syn. — P. Bernaysii.
P. grandifolius, Loureiro. — This noble evergreen terrestrial
Orchid is an old inhabitant of our gardens, having been
519
PHAJU3 GRAKDIFOLIUS.
introduced upwards of a century ago. It has largish ovate
pseudobulbs, oblong-lanceolate acute pHcately nervose leaves,
and radical scapes three feet or upwards in height, bearing
long erect racemes of showy flowers, of which the oblong-
lanceolate sepals and petals are white on the outer surface,
and of a chocolate brown within ; the oblong cucullate
lip, the base of which is folded over the column, is white
stained with yellow on the
throat and disk, and there
veined with crimson, the sides
of the convolute portion being
also flushed with crimson both
outside and in. It blooms
during the winter and spring
months, and lasts long in beauty
if kept in a cool house. This is
a most useful plant for winter
blooming, as it will flower beau-
tifully when grown in small
pots, and in this state may be
used for the decoration of
apartments during the dull months, without sufi"ering the least
injury. It also makes a noble plant for exhibition when
grown into a large specimen, but to retard it for this purpose
it requires to be kept very cool during autumn and winter.
The variety SUperbus figured by Van Houtte has the inside of
the sepals and petals of a brilliant chamois, and the lip bright
amaranth margined with rose. — China; Australin.
IFiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 1924 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 20 ; Flore des Serves, t. 738
(superbus); Alton, Hoj't. Ketn.iii. t. 12; Andr. Bot. ]iej).,t.4:'26; Schneevoqt,
Icon. PL, t. 5; Redoute, Lil, t. 43; Gard. Chron., 1872, 733, fig. 176
(specimen plant) ; Id., N.S., xviii. 565, fig. 99 ; Kerne?', Hart. Semp., t, 49 ;
UHer. Serf. Anff , t. 28.
Stn. — Phajus Tankervillei; Bletia Tanlcervillice ; Limodorum TanlcervilUce ;
Pachyne spectabiiis,
P. irroratus, Bchh. f. — This beautiful and pleasing variety
is the result of a cross efi"ected by Mr. Dominy between
Phajus grandifolius and Calanthe vestita. The pseudobulbs
ai'e ovato-conical, and bear dark green lanceolate plaited
leaves, similar to those of P. grandifolius; the flowers
are produced in an erect raceme, and are about three
inches in expansion, the sepals and petals cream-coloured
tipped and flushed with rosy pink, and the lip nearly
round, notched on each side near the front, the anterior
520 ORCHID -GROWEb's MANUAIi.
part rather crisp, creamy white, stained with yellow towards
the base, where there are three obscure keels. The filiform
spur is compressed, hairy, retuse and bilobed at the apex.
PHAJU3 IRRORATUS.
The flowers of this elegant form are produced during mid-
winter, and the treatment recommended for the other kinds
suits the plant admirably. — Garden hybrid.
Fig.— Floral Mag., t. 426 ; Gard. Chron., 1867, 264, with fig. ; Id., N.S.
xviii. 565, fig. 100.
P. irroratUS purpureus, Hort. — A very pretty variety of
the foregoing hybrid, with the sepals and petals white, the
lip dull rose colour, and the throat yellow. It flowers in
March and April. — Garden hybrid.
P. maculatUS, Lindley. — A very handsome species, by far
too much neglected by the majority of Orchid growers,
being of a very showy character during the spring months.
The pseudobulbs are large, ovate oblong ; the leaves are
ovate-lanceolate acuminate, plicate, dark green spotted with
yellow ; the scapes are two feet or more in height springing
from the side of the bulbs, and bearing a raceme of ten
521
or twelve flowers, which are yellow, the Hp involutely
cylindrical, fleshy, with a blunt spur, three-lobed in front,
the middle lobe plicate-crenite streaked with reddish brown
at the edge. There are two varieties of this plant, the best
one being very showy and desirable. — Northern India ;
Japan.
YiG.—Bof. Maa., t. 2719 ; Id., t SOGO; BJume, Orch. Arch. Jnd, t. .') E;
Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1803 ; Rchh. Fl. Exot., t. U5.
SYJU.—Blatia Woodfordii ; B.jlava.
P. tubercnloSUS, Blume. — A. very handsome and distinct
species producing short fusiform fleshy stems, from which
proceed the new growths bearing a tuft of oblong-acuminate
plicate leaves about a foot long. The erect flower sterns
are produced with the young leafy growths and terminate in
a raceme of six or more flowers, which are each about two
THAJrS TrBERCULOSrS.
and a half inches across. The sepals and somewhat broader
petals are pure white, and the lip, which is obliquely funnel-
shaped, has the two broad side lobes yellow thickly marked
with dull crimson spots, which on the yellow ground pro-
duce a bronzy eftect, while the front lobe is roundish
522 orchid-groweb's manual.
emarginate smaller and wavy, white with rosy purple spots,
the disk being decorated with orange yellow crests. It is to
be regretted that this plant should prove difficult of cultiva-
tion, as it is one of the most beautiful Orchids we have seen
for many years. It blossoms during January and February.
We saw a fine variety of this plant in the collection of Baron
Schroder, The Dell, Staines ; and another with A. Sillem,
Esq., Sydenham, who has flowered three plants for two suc-
cessive years, and fine large varieties they were. Mr. Billiard
writes us as follows respecting their cultivation: — " Our plants
have been grown on the north-east side of a span-roofed
house, close to the glass, in a temperature ranging from 65°
to 70°. We keep the sun from them as much as possible.
They are potted in equal parts of peat and moss, with a
small quantity of sharp sand, and plenty of crocks and
charcoal as drainage. When making their growth they
delight in an abundance of moisture at the roots. We find
it necessary to sponge them weekly, as red spider, thrips,
and green fly are particularly fond of them. This year from
three plants we have four spikes, which have opened twenty-
three flowers. Last year the same plants had one spike each,
which gave us eighteen flowers in all." — Madagascar.
Tig. — Orchid Album, ii. t. 91; Blume, OrcJi. Arch, hid., t. 11 B; Du
Pet. Thnuars, Orch. Ilts d'Afr., t. 31 ; Card. Chron., N.S., xv. 341, fig. 67 ;
Id., xviii. 565, fig. 101.
Stn. — Limodorum tuberculosum ; Bletia tuberculosa.
P. WallicMi, Lindley. — A large-growing plant of great
beauty, attaining some four or five feet in height, producing
its long upright racemes of flowers in March, April, and
May, and continuing to flower for six weeks. The plant has
entirely the habit of P. grandifoUus, having largish ovate
pseudobulbs, tufts of oblong-lanceolate nervose leaves, and
tall flower scapes springing from the side of the pseudo-
bulbs. The flowers are white externally, orange yellow or
bufi" suffused with reddish purple inside. The sepals and
petals are lanceolate, and as well as the cucuUate crispy-
edged lip much acuminate, the spur being curved and emar-
ginate. It makes a noble plant for winter blooming, and, if
retarded as directed for P. grandifoUus, is invaluable for
exhibition purposes. For further notice of these plants, see
chapter on Preparing Orchids for Travelling to Exhibitions. —
India : Sylhet.
YiQ.—WaU. PL Asiat. Ear., ii. t. 158 j Paxton, Mag. Bat., vi. 193, with
tab.
PHALiENOPSIS. 523
PhALJINOFSIS, Blume.
( Tribe Yandese, subtribe Sarcanthese.)
A moderately extensive genus of epiphytes, the species of
■which are not of very large growth, but the flowers of several
of them are magnificent and last long in beauty. The genus
has, moreover, received several grand and meritorious ac-
cessions within the last few years, so that it is much and
deservedly esteemed, and worth a place in every collection, no
less for the attractions of its flowers than for the comparatively
small space which the plants occupy. The known species
are all compact handsome plants, without pseudobulbs, but
emitting stout fleshy roots from the crown, and also pro-
ducing very thick distichous leaves, from the axils of which
the scapes of charming flowers arise. The flowers are remark-
ably showy, with spreading sepals, much broader petals con-
tracted at the base, and a spurless lip spreading from the
base and continuous with the column, the disk and base of the
lamina variously appendiculate. The flowers themselves are
very freely produced, and last a loug time ; indeed, they
may be had in bloom all the year round. We have seen
P. (jrandiflora blooming for six months, and have ourselves
exhibited the same plant for seven years at six exhibitions
during each year, and sometimes with as many as from
seventy to eighty flowers expanded on it at one time. Some
of the species of Phalmiopsis now in cultivation are amongst
the finest Orchids yet introduced to this country, and no
collection, however small, should be without an adequate
number of representatives of these lovely plants, which are
free-flowering, and, as we have already pointed out, con-
tinue for a long time in perfection — qualities which proclaim
them to be plants of more than ordinary value.
There are two sections — Euj^halccnopsis, in which the petals
524 orchid-grower's manual.
are much broader than the sepals, and the apex of the lip
is emarginate or divided into two divaricate or cirrhiferous
lobes ; and Stauroglottis, in which the petals and sepals are
similar and the tip of the lip entire. The species now
number two dozen or more, and are found in the Malayan
Archipelago, and in the eastern provinces of India.
Culture. — The various species all require the same kind of
treatment, and an East Indian heat, together with a good
supply of water during their growing season, for they are
found in Tropical Asia, e.g. Java, Borneo, Sumatra, the
Philippine and Sunda Isles, or some in the Burmese territory
and other parts of the East, where the heat is high, a
natural condition which under artificial circumstances ought
to be imitated as nearly as possible. They are found grow-
ing on bare rocks and on the branches of trees in damp
moist places, where, duriog the rainy season, an immense
quantity of water falls. Nevertheless, they are of easy culture,
and if properly attended to are seldom out of order ; but
since they have no succulent pseudobulbs to support them,
they require, in order to grow them to perfection, somewhat
more care and attention than the majority of the plants belong-
ing to this natural order. Thus, they need more moisture
at their roots during the growing season — in fact, they should
never be allowed to get dry, for if so, they are apt to shrivel,
and often lose their bottom leaves, which spoils their appear-
ance, the beauty of these plants consisting almost as much in
their having good foliage as good flowers.
The growing season is from March to the end of
October, during which time the temperature by day should
range from 70° to 75°, allowing it to rise to 80° or more by
sun heat, provided the house be shaded, for the sun will
scorch the thick fleshy leaves, and if so scorched they
will soon decay and spoil the plant. Sometimes they will
, "','''1' I \
MS
PHAIi^NOPSIS. 525
do better in one part of the house than in another, therefore if
they do not succeed in one part, the cultivator should remove
them to another. The night temperature should range from
65° to 70° in March and April, but later on it may be
allowed to rise a few degrees higher. During their resting
season, from the end of October to February, the temperature
should range from 60° to 65° by night, and 65° by day,
or even a little more with sun heat will not do any harm.
In ventilating the house air should be admitted close to the
hot water pipes, so that it may be warmed before it becomes
dispersed over the house, and to keep up a moist atmosphere
some water should be sprinkled about on fine days, but this
should be done in the morning, so that the house may become
dry by night.
The species of PhalcB7iopsis are grown in diflferent ways.
Sometimes they are placed on blocks, sometimes in pots or
sometimes in baskets. We have found them to succeed well
under all three modes of treatment ; they require, however,
more moisture at the roots if grown on blocks or rafts, whilst
if grown in pots, more drainage will be required than when they
are planted in baskets. For pot culture, the best way is to
place an inverted pot in the bottom of the one intended for
the plant, and fill in the intervening space with potsherds,
broken into pieces about two inches square, to within two
inches of the rim ; sphagnum, having a few small pieces of
charcoal mixed with it, should then be placed upon the drainage,
and the plant elevated three inches above the rim, taking
care to keep the base of the plant well above the moss. The
successful culture of PhalcBnopsis, as well as of all other
plants, depends upon efficient drainage. If grown on blocks
or rafts they should be placed on good-sized ones, so that
there may be plenty of surface for the roots to cling to. In
fastening the plant on, first place a little live sphagnum on
526 orchid-grower's manual.
the block, then fix the plant on with copper wire, and after-
wards hang it up near the roof, but not too near the glass,
or the plants may get injured by cold, which should be
specially guarded against during winter.
If the plants should get into an unhealthy condition, the
best plan is to turn them out of their pots or baskets, and
shake all the material away from their roots, wash them with
clean water, cut off all the decayed parts of roots or leaves, and
replace them on blocks or rafts with a little sphagnum, giving
them a good supply of moisture, and placing them at the
warmest end of the house, but not too much exposed to the
light. Under this treatment they will soon begin to root
and improve in appearance. We need hardly add that they
should be kept clear of insects, especially of the thrips, which
soon disfigures the foliage. Constant attention is necessary,
as they requii-e the frequent washing of the leaves with a
sponge and clean tepid water, or the fumigation of the house
with tobacco smoke, to keep them clear of all such pests ;
the latter operation, however — that of fumigation — should be
conducted with great care.
These plants are difficult to propagate, as they supply few
opportunities for division. To this rule, however, P. Liidde-
manniana is an exception, as it produces young plants upon
the flower scapes very freely. Sometimes the other species
also will produce young plants on the old flower stems, and
we have seen P. Stuartiana produce young plants upon its
roots. When this happens they should be left on till well
rooted, and then placed on small blocks.
Too much water must not be given to these plants at any
time, and they must not be watered overhead in the winter,
or during dull weather, or disastrous results may follow.
The reader would do well to refer to our remarks on watering
at pages 89 and 90.
PHAL^NOPSIS AJIABILIS.
PHAL^NOPSIS. 527
P. amalDilis, LimUey (/ Bhime).—ThQ Queen of Orchids.
This magnificent plant, which attaches itself to the trunks of
trees by "its stout fleshy roots, produces its graceful racemes
of flowers nearly all the year round. The large thick elliptic-
lanceolate obliquely retuse leaves form a distichous tuft, and
from their axils proceed the long drooping racemes of spreading
flowers, which are each three inches across, and arranged in a
distichous manner along the rachis. The elliptic-ovate sepals
and the broad subrhomboidal petals are pure white, the lip_ of
the same colour, but beautifully streaked and spotted inside
with rose pink and yellow, shorter than the sepals, three-
lobed, the side lobes ascending petaloid, the central _ lobe
hastate, bearing at the extremity two incurved twisted cirrhi.
The flowers continue in perfection a long time, if they are
kept free from damp, but if allowed to get wet they are apt
to become spotted. There are many varieties of this fine
species. — Java, Amboyna, Fhilippine Islands.
-piG.—Bof. Mng., t. 4297; Bot. Reg., 1838, t. S-t; Blume, TabeUen, 44;
J(L, JRumpJiia, tt. 194. 199 ; F/ore des Serres, t. 36 ; Moore, III. Orch. PL,
Ph'alajnopsis, t. 1 ; Bennett, Fl. Jav., t. 8 ; Maund, Botanist, iii. t. 133 ;
Paxlon, Mag. Bot., vii. 49, with tab.
Syn. — P. Aphrodite.
P. amabilis Dayana, Hort.—k very beautiful and distinctly
marked variety, named in compliment to John Day, Esq.,
Tottenham, by whom it was first flowered. It has very large
flowers, of which the two lower sepals are thickly but dis-
tinctly dotted with carmine over about half theu- surface ;
and the lip has the side lobes coloured deep yellow at the
lower edge, and the central trowel-shaped or hastate lobe
heavily marked with carmine-crimson across the base, having
a distinct stripe of the same colour down its centre. — Eastern
Archipelago.
Fig. — Orchid Album, i. t. 11,
P. amethystina, BcU. f.—An elegant Httle plant, perhaps
the dwarfest of Phalfenopsids, which, though not so showy as
some of its congeners, is yet a nice addition to this beautiful
and popular family. The plant is furnished with dark-coloured
flattened roots, and the leaves are cuneate-obovate acute, stri-
ated, three to four inches long, stout, waved at the edges, and
dark green. The scape is about a foot long, sometimes with a
few short branches, and bears several rather small flowers, the
sepals and petals white, spreading, and the lip white, tinged
with yellow at the base, the centre part rich amethyst
528 oechid-geower's manual.
suffused with purple, three-lobed, the lateral lobes wedge-
shaped, the central one rhombiform with two small cirrhi at
its base, and deeply emarginate in front. The flovfer is pro-
longed at the back into a short spur. — Sunda Isles.
'Fm.—Gard. Chron., 1870, 1731, fig. 299 ; Pui/dt, Les Orch., 224, fig. 226
—7.
P, antennifera, Bchb. f. — This species is in the way of P.
Esmeralda, but is totally distinct in colour. It was intro-
duced and flowered by us for the first time. As far as we
have seen, the plants have the habit of P. Esweralda, but are
altogether stronger, and the foliage is entirely green. The
flowers grow on scapes upwards of two feet long, and have the
same shape as those of the species just named. The sepals
and petals are light rose colour, the tips of the sepals brick
red outside ; and the unguiculate lip is trifid, the side lacinise
and basilar antennae deep orange striped with red, and the
anterior lobe amethyst. We have had plants of this species
producing a branched inflorescence. It blooms in September
and October. — Burmah.
P. Aphrodite. — See PnALiENOPSis amabilis.
P. casta, Rchb. f. — This plant is supposed to be a natural
mule, having the leaves of P. Schilleriana and the flowers of
P. amabilis. The leaves are slightly spotted in the young
state, but the spots disappear as they attain maturity. The
flowers are white as in P. amabilis, the bases of the upper
sepals and petals being slightly tinted with purple, and those
of the lateral sepals spotted. The callus resembles that of P.
amabilis. — PhiUjJjnne Islands.
P. Comingiana, Rchb. f. — A handsome species allied to P.
sumatrana, but quite distinct in the peculiar callosity of the
base of the lip. The sepals are bluntly keeled on the outer
surface, the upper one cuneate-oblong, marked with longitu-
dinal purple-brown stripes and a few transverse bars at its
base, the longitudinal bars merging into numerous hiero-
glyphical blotches ; the deflesed lateral sepals are almost
wiaolly purple-brown bordered and spotted with yellowish
white ; the cuneate oblong-ligulate petals are marked with
longitudinal purple-brown bars and blotches, and the lip,
which is bent in front of the claw so as to stand forward, has
its side lobes erect ligulate retuse, with a small bristle on the
upper angle, white, yellow on the umbonate callus in the
PHALiENOPfelS. 529
middle, the central part oblong-ligulate, of a ricli violet-purplo,
with a tuft of hairs on the anterior middle line. It is named
in honour of Erastus Corning, Esq., of Albany, N.Y. The
plant flowers during the spring months. — Eastern Archi-
pelago.
P. Cornil-cerTi, Blume et Rchb. f. — A very pretty bulbless
Orchid, which, though not particularly showy in a small state,
blooms very freely when grown vigorously. The leaves
are distichous leathery cuneate-oblong, eight inches or more
in length, and of a bright green colour. The peduncles are
lateral, erect, clavate, flattened out towards the apex, where
from six to twelve flowers are produced in succession ; the
dorsal sepal is narrow lanceolate, the lateral ones slightly
falcate, the former greenish yellow cross-barred with reddish
brown, and having a wider blotch at the base, the latter with
the outer halves only barred with brown ; the petals are some-
what smaller, greenish yellow, with cross-bars of brown ; and
the lip is whitish, clawed, hollowed on the disk, and incurved,
tripartite, the lateral divisions bluntly oblong, the intermedi-
ate one crescent-shaped and apiculate. — Moulmein.
FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5570; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PL, t. 178; Kuhl and
Easselt, Gen. et Sp. Orch., t. 1.
Syn. — Polychilos Cornu-cervi.
P, equestris. — See PflAii^NOPsis rosea.
p. Esmeralda, Rchb. f. — Although not competing with some
of the showier kinds as regards the size of its blossoms, this
species is nevertheless worthy of cultivation on account of the
attractive colouring of its flowers. The leaves are oblong-
ligulate acute ; and the flowers, which are produced on the usual
lateral scapes, and are about the size of those of P. equestris,
and from fifteen to twenty in an erect raceme, have bluntly
oblong sepals and petals, and a three-lobed lip, of which the
two largish lateral lobes are oblong divaricate, and the front
lobe is longer and linguiform ; they are of ah uniform brilliant
amethyst colour, and produced during the summer months. —
Cochin China.
YlG.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 368.
P. grandiflora, Lindley. — A truly handsome and noble
Orchid, second to none of which we as yet possess any precise
knowledge. In its general character it is similar to P. ama-
hilis. The plant is ebulbous, but the leaves are longer, and of
530 oschid-grower's manual.
a lighter green than in P. amahilis, distichoup, oblong apiculate,
and very thick ; the flower scapes spring from sides of the leaf
tufts in the same way as in P. amabilis. The chief difference
between the two, besides that of the length of the leaves, is
that P. cjrandifiora has considerably larger flowers, with the
front edge of the side lobes of the lip yellow instead of rose-
colour, the cirrhi at the tip of the linear-hastate middle lobe
being also yellow, not white. The flower stems are tinted
with purple. This makes a fine plant for exhibition. It
blooms at different times of the year, and lasts long in beauty.
— Java ; Borneo.
'FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5184 ; Card. Chron., 1848, 39, with fig.; Batem. 2nd
Cent. Orch. Pl.,i. 114; L'Hort. Franq.. 1860, t, 19; Puydt, Les Orch., t. 34.
Stn. — P. amabilis (Blume — fide Rchb.).
P. grandiflora aurea, Hon. — This is certainly the grandest
of the many varieties of this noble Orchid. It is a compact-
growing plant, with distichous tufts of leathery oblong leaves
of a light green colour, and very large flowers, which have
the sepals and petals unusually broad and rounded, and of the
normal opaque or ivory white, the lip being conspicuously
marked with deep orange over its whole anterior portion,
the front sides of the lateral lobes and the terminal cirrhi
being more deeply coloured than the other parts. The variety
is distinguishable by its yellowish green flower stems, which
are developed at different times of the year. — Borneo ;
TameJan Islands.
YlG.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, ii. t, 7.
P. mtermedia, Lindley. — A very pretty species, supposed
to be a natural mule between P. amabilis and P. rosea. Its
general habit resembles that of other kinds of Phalaenopsids.
The leaves agree with those of P. amabilis, and are pale
green in colour. The flowers, which gi'ow on a deep brownish
purple scape, are medium-sized, the sepals oblong acute, con-
cave, white, the petals much larger, lozenge-shaped, pure
white, with a few minute rosy speckles at the base ; and the
lip three-lobed, the lateral lobes erect, wedge-shaped, with
blunt angles, violet with a few crimson spots, the middle lobe
ovate deep crimson, with the point separated into two short
tendrils, as in P. amabilis; the crest of the disk is nearly
square, deep yellow with crimson dots. This beautiful plant
is very rare. — Philippine Islands : Manilla.
Fig.— Paxt. Fl. Gard., iii. 163, fig. 310; Lem. Jard. Fl, iv., p. 44.
Byn,— /". Lobbii.
PHALvENOPSIS.
531
P. intermedia Brymeriana, Bchh. /.—A distinct and very
beautiful variety, named in honour of W. E. Brymer, Esq.,
M.P., Ilsington House, Dorchester. In habit of growth it is
similar to P. intermedia. The leaves are about nine inches
long, and slightly speckled. The flowers have the sepals
and petals white, the lateral sepals spotted with purple at the
base, the petals richly suffused with rosy lilac, and the lip a
pale amethyst colour, the lateral parts white edged and
spotted with magenta. — Philippine Islands.
¥lG.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 263.
P. intermedia Portei, Rchb. f. — This beautiful plant, which
is very rare, is not unlikely to be a natural hybrid, and if so
phal.5:nopsis intermedia portei.
z 2
532 orchid-gkower's manual.
we should guess it to be a cross between P. rosea aud P.
aynabilis ; let it, however, be hybrid or species, it ranks
among the very handsomest of its class. In general habit
it resembles P. grandifiora, the leaves being broad oblong
acute, about a foot in length, the upper side dark green,
the under side dark purplish, more in the way of P. amabilis.
The spikes are arched and branched, supporting the nume-
rous large flowers. In one form the oblong sepals and
rhomboid petals are white, suffused with light rose at the
base, the lip rich dark purpHsh rose, with the lateral lobes
bluntly wedge-shaped, rosy, the base of the front lobe
tinted with orange -yellow, and the disk and callus yellow,
the latter marked with deep purple spots. The flowers are
of good substance, and remain in perfection a very long
time. This species was introduced and first flowered, many
years ago, by 11. Warner, Esq. — Philippine Islands.
YlG.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, ii. t. 2 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 162 ; Gard.
Ckron., N.S., V. 369, fig. 71 (specimen plant), fig. 72 (flower).
P. leucorrlioda, Bchh. /. — This handsome and distinct
Phalanopsis is supposed to be a natural hybrid between P.
Schilleriana and P. amabilis. The roots are flat ; the leaves,
which in some forms are green, are usually mottled, but the
spots are not so distinct as in P. Schilleriana ; and the flowers
are as large as in an average form of that species. The sepals
a,nd petals are white, the lateral sepals spotted with purple
inside at the base, and the petals tinged towards the base with
rose ; the lateral lobes of the lip, which are large and rounded,
are conspicuously striolate with purple at the base, the saddle-
shaped callus is orange with dark purple spots, and the disk
yellowish. It blooms in the winter season. — Philippine
Islands.
Fig.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 166.
P. LoIdMI. — See Phal^nopsis intermedia.
P. Lowii, Rchb.f. — This charming species forma a tuft of
few oblong acute fleshy bright green leaves, from the base of
which very stout fibrous roots are produced, as well as the
lateral slender four or five-flowered purplish scape. The
flowers are very distinct in character, about an inch and a
half across, with ovate acute dorsal and oblong lateral sepals,
broad roundish cuneate petals, and a small three-lobed lip
about as long as the lateral sepals, the side lobes of which
PHALJENOPSIS. 533
are linear and reflexed, and the intermediate one oblong
ascending, rich violet-purple, the bases of the white sepals
and petals flushed with pale purple, as are the lateral lobes of
the lip, and the long proboscis-like rostellum or tip of the
column. The large rounded petals give a fulness to the
flower which adds greatly to its beauty. Though a small
plant, it produces a good spike of flowers. It is not so robust
in growth as many species, and requires to be kept near the
glass, so that it may get an abundance of light. In its natural
habitats it grows on bare rocks exposed to the full influence
of the sun, where in the rainy or growing season it is per-
fectly deluged with water, and in the resting season it loses its
leaves ; under cultivation it requires great attention during
this time, or it will entirely perish. Blooms in summer. —
Moulmein.
Fig.— Bof. Mag., t. 5351 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PI, t. 168 ; Warner,
Sel. Orch. PI, ii. t. 15.
P. Liiddemaniliaiia, Bdib. f. — A very pretty dwarf species
allied to P. sumatrana. The plant is very similar to P.
rosea in general appearance. The leaves are thick in tex-
ture, ligulate- oblong acute, shining, six to eight inches in
length, and the short flower stem is lateral and few-flowered.
The flowers are entirely marked by parallel cross-bars
of colour ; both sepals and petals are oblong acute, white,
beautifully barred with amethyst in the lower half, and with
cinnamon brown in the upper half; and the lip is three-
lobed, the lateral lobes ligulate bidentate, pale purplish, and
the middle lobe oblong, of a rich deep violet. It flowers at
different times of the year, and lasts in bloom for two months.
This species produces young plants on the flower spikes more
freely than any other kind. — Philippine Islands.
YlG.—Bot. Afag., t. 5523 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PL, t. 133 ; Florist and
Pomoloffist. 1865, 257, t. 254; Flore des Serres, t. 1636; Pev. Hart, 1872,
390, with tab.
P. Liiddemanniana OChracea, Carriere.— In this variety the
flowers have the sepals and petals of a pale yellowish rose
barred with pale brown, thus forming a distinct and pretty
companion to the original brighter-coloured P. Luddeman-
nia na. — Philippine Islan ds.
YlQ.—Pev. Hort., 1872, 390, with tab.
P. Mannii, Bchb. f. — A very pretty species, rather near to
P. Cornu-cervi, with oblong-ligulate acute leaves, a span to a
534 orchid-gkowee's manual.
foot long, green, with a violet edge and many violet spots near
the base. The flowers are numerous (thirteen or more), in
deflexed racemes, with the stalks scarcely winged ; they are
about two inches in diameter, the oblong-ligulate sepals and
smaller linear- falcate petals honey-yellow, conspicuously
blotched and spotted with rich brown ; the lip is very singu-
lar, the lateral lobes being erect ligulate retuse, whitish
streaked with purple, and the whitish central lobe crescent-
shaped and fringed. — Assam.
P. Marise, BurUdge. — This elegant dwarf-habited species
resembles P. sumatrana in its manner of growth, and its
flowers are also similar in form to those of that plant. The
leaves are deflexed, distichous, ligulate acute, glossy, and
obscurely striate. The flowers grow in a lateral droopiog
raceme, and are about an inch and a half across ; the oblong
bluntish sepals and the somewhat broader petals are white,
each marked with about six bold transverse bars of chestnut
brown, the basal blotches being amethyst ; the lip, which has
the middle lobe obovate oblong apiculate, convex, and plane,
not pilose, is of a rich deep magenta-purple margined with
white. It was discovered by Mr. F. W. Burbidge when col-
lecting for Messrs. Veitch & Sons. — Sunda Isles.
Fig.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 80.
P. ParisMi, Rchb. f. — A " lovely little plant," with thick
fleshy roots, distichous tufts of oblong-lanceolate acute deep
green leathery leaves from two to four inches long, and
short many (6 to 10) flowered racemes, the flowers actually
small, being less than an inch in diameter, but comparatively
large and efiective for the size of the plants, from their being
numerous with the parts well spread out. The sepals are
oblong or ovate, the petals obovate spathulate, both white,
and the lip has the lateral lobes small, horn-like, yellow with
purple blotches, and the front lobe broadly triangular, spread
out, and of a rich deep amethyst-purple ; the disk has a semi-
lunar callus, the edge of which is broken up into a fimbriate
crest, and behind this is a projecting linear appendage divided
into four slender filaments almost as long as the lobe itself.
The strong contrast of colour in the rather crowded flowers
renders the plant very beautiful when in blossom, which
occurs during the summer season. — Burmah ; Eastern
Himalaya.
Fig— Bot. Moff., t. 5815 ; Xenia Orch., ii. 1. 156, fig. 1 ; Refug. Bot., ii. t. 85.
PHAL^NOPSIS. 535
P. Eeiclieilbaclliana, Echb. f. et Sander. — In growth this
plant resembles P. Luddemanniana. It is a distinct species,
with leaves upwards of a foot long, and nearly three inches
broad, strongly keeled, and a stout unbranched peduncle a
foot and a half long, bearing from one to two dozen flowers
equal to those of a fine P. sumatrana. The sepals and
petals are cream-coloured, irregularly blotched and barred
with dull reddish purple, the lip triangular dilated mauve
blue with the side lobes orange and white. The anterior
disk bears a cushion of hairs. — East Tropical Asia.
P. rosea, Lindley. — A rather small-flowered but pretty
species. The plant forms a tuft of leathery oblong convex
or recurved leaves six to eight inches long, and of a bright
light green colour. The scape is lateral, about a foot and a
half in height, stiff" and ascending, branched, with a drooping
purplish panicle of some dozen or more flowers, which are
an inch across. The sepals and petals are oblong-lanceolate,
white, slightly tinged with rose pink, especially along the
centre ; the lip with the front lobe ovate acuminate, ascending,
deep violet in the centre, the side lobes linear-spathulate,
oblique, incurved, stained in some varieties with rich orange,
the crest concave, lunate, rounded. It blooms at diff"erent
times of the year, lasting long in beauty. It sometimes pro-
duces from twelve to fourteen spikes of bloom, and then
makes a very handsome specimen. If the old spikes are left,
they will keep blooming for several years, as in most other
species of this genus, and as the spikes elongate the flowers
come larger. — Philipjnne Islands.
YlGr.—Paxt. Fl. Gard., ii. t. 72 ; Lem. Jard. Fl., in. t. 283 ; Bot. Mag., t.
5212 ; Jennings, Orch., t. 27 ; Flore des Serves, 1. 1646 ; Gard. Chron., 1848,
671, with fig.
Sin. — P. equestris; Stauroglottis equestris.
P. Sanderiana, Pchh. f. — A most charming plant, which it
is suggested may be a natural cross between P. amahilis and
P. Schillcriana. Its general appearance is that of a rose-
coloured form of P. amahilis. The foliage is similar to that
of P. amahilis, but the upper surface is a dark silver grey,
similar in colour to the markings on the leaves of P. ScJiiller-
iana. The sepals, petals, and lip resemble those of P.
amahilis, but are deeply flushed with a pleasing rose colour,
some being whitish rose, some rose-purple, with well-defined
areas of darker purple ; the lip is white, marked with cinnamon
or purple stripes, and some touches of yellow. Reichenbach
536
OECHID-GROWER S MANUAL.
states that the very broad petals constitute the greatest
charms of its flowers. The tendrils of the lip assume the
anchor-like form seen in P. Schilleriana. The callus, which
is peculiar, being horse-shoe shaped with one blunt angle
outwards on each side, is white or whitish with brown or
purple freckles. It flowers during the autumn months. In
the var. marmorata the lateral sepals have numerous rows of
small purple spots at the base, and the lip has three broad
basal purple bars on the side lobes, and a middle lobe with
purple dots in the central line and fine purple stains at the
sides. — Eastern ArcJiipelago.
Fid.— Orchid Album, v. t. 209.
P. ScMlleriana, Rchb. f. — ^A magnificent plant, undoubtedly
one of the finest species in cultivation, and quite dissimilar
from all other kinds. The roots of this plant are very dis-
inct, being flat and rough, and, moreover, very free in
growth. The leaves are oblong-obtuse, six to eighteen inches
long, beautifully variegated, being of a dark green colour,
mottled with irregular bands or streaks of greyish white on
the upper side, the under surface purple. The scapes or
peduncles are produced from the axils of the leaves, and in
their native country are sometimes more than three feet long,
and more branched than those of other kinds. The individual
blossoms measure more than three inches across, and are
arranged in two rows along the spike ; the obovate sepals and
larger rhomboid petals are of a beautiful light mauve, edged
with white ; the lip, which is three-lobed, with rounded lateral
lobes, and an oval central one split at the end into a pair of
divergent curved horns, is of the same colour, with darker
spots, the disk bearing a four-cornered callus, which is yellow,
spotted with reddish brown, and the middle part handsomely
spotted — indeed the whole aspect of the plant is very attractive.
The flowers, which are produced in summer, continue for
several weeks in full perfection. There are many difi'erent
varieties of this plant. Mr. Warner sent a specimen to the
St. Petersburg Exhibition in 1869, which had one hundred and
twenty expanded blooms upon it, and presented a most glorious
spectacle. The accompanying illustration was taken from a
plant which flowered in the garden of Lady Ashburton at
IMelchet Court ; it was figured in the Gardeners' Chronicle,
1875, and we are indebted to the editors of that periodical
f jr the use of the block. This plant bore three panicles of
t
PIIAL.ENOPSIS.
537
flowers bearing respectively 96, 108, and 174 blossoms,
making a total of 378. — Philippine Islands.
'Eld.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, i. t. 1 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5530; Xenia Orch.,
ii. t. 101; Flore cks Serres, tt. 1559—60; Illust. tlort., t. 348; L' ffort.
Franq., 1863, t. 11 ; Journ. Soc. d'Hort. Par., 1862, t. 609 ; Jennings, Orch.,
t. 15; Bafem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PL, t. 171 ; Gard. Chron., N.S., iv. 169, fig.
3t (specimen plant) ; Puydt, Les Orch , t. 35 ; Warner, St!, Orch. PL, iii. t.
5 (splendens) ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 257 (delicata).
P. Schilleriana vestalis, Rchb.f. — In this plant we have a
white-flowered form of P. Schillerianii, which was first bloomed
by Messrs. Low & Co., of Cl^^ion. —Fhilippine Islands.
P. Speciosa, Fichb. f. — This is a handsome species allied to
P. Lhddemanniana and P. tetraspis. It has large yellowish
green cuneate-oblong obtusely-acute leaves, and racemes or
panicles of elegant stel-
late flowers, which are
very freely produced.
The sepals and petals
are whitish rose outside
with rows of purple
blotches, purple inside
with a few white bars at
the base of the petals,
the side lobes of lip yel-
low, white at the top and
base, the mid lobe white
and rosy purple, or
wholly purple, with a
tuft of hairs at the apex.
This species seems to
vary a good deal, some of the varieties havirg the blossoms
much blotched and showing very little white. The flowers
are also said to be very fragrant. — Andaman Islands.
-Fig,.— Orchid Album, iv. t. 158 ; Gard. Chron., N S., xviii. 745, figs. 130—
132,
P. Stuartiana, Bchh. f.—K very distinct and strikingly
beautiful species of Phalanoims, introduced by Messrs.
Low & Co., Clapton, and named in compliment to Mr.
Stuart Low. In growth it resembles P. Schilleriana, as it
does also in the shape of the flowers. The plant has flattened
roots, and bears oblong acute leaves, which are marbled
when young, but become almost green as they get older.
The flowers are produced in large braoching panicles, and
z 3
PHAL.EN0PSIS SPECIOSA.
^38
ORCHID- OKOWEK S MANUAL.
are about two inches across, with the anchor-like tips of the
lip, as seen in F. Schilleriana ; the rhomboid petals and
oblong upper sepal are pure white, the lateral sepals are
white on the upper side, and very pale sulphur on the lower
side, where they are thickly spotted with cinnamon red, as is
also the central part of the lip, which has white edges and
white horns. It flowers in the winter months. — Tropical
Asia.
¥iG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6622; Card. Chron., U.S., xvi. 748, 753, fig, 149;
Florist and Pom., 1882, 49, t. 559,
P. Stuartiana Hrubyana, B.chh. f. — A fine variety which
has bloomed in the collection of Baron von Hruby, Peckau,
Bohemia. The sepals and petals are purple at the back, with
a broad white margin on the petals, and a narrow one on the
upper sepal, the inner border of the lateral sepals being also
white. — Trop ica I Asia .
P. Stuarliana nobilis, Echb. /.—A superior variety of the
preceding, resembling P. Schilleriana in the young growth,
but assuming more the colour of P. amabilis as it gains age.
The under side of the leaves of this variety and the flower
scapes are of a deep reddish purple. The flowers are larger
in all their parts than those of the type, and are marked with
fewer and larger spots ; the anterior lobe of the lip is rhombic,
and the disk and callus are deep orange yellow densely
spotted with brownish red. — Tropical Asia,
Fig.— Orchid Album, i. t. 39 ; Illust. Sort, 3 ser., t. 540 (as Stuartiana).
P. Stuartiana punctatissima, Bchb. f. — This is a distinct
and pleasing variety, in which the flowers in their general
coloration are like those of the type, that is, the lower halves
of the lateral sepals and the lip are heavily spotted with
brownish red, and the callus and lower parts of the side lobes
of the lip are yellow also spotted with red, in addition to
which the sepals and petals are everywhere ornamented by
innumerable small mauve-red spots on the parts which are
normally white. The plant figured as P. Stuartiana punctulata
in the Lindenia (t. 8j appears to be the same form. — Trojncal
Asia.
Fig, — Lindenia, t. 8 (punctulata).
P. SUmatrana, Korthals. — A remarkable plant which flowered
for the first time in this country with J. Day, Esq., in 1865.
The leaves are few, obovate-oblong acute, six inches long.
PHAL^NOPSIS. 539
somewhat fleshy and of a bright green colour. The peduncles
are axillary, spreading, five to ten-flowered, the flowers about
two and a half" inches across, and rather more in depth ; the
oblong sepals and cuneate-oblong petals yellowish white,
transversely barred with rich reddish brown ; the lip narrow,
three-lobed, its lateral lobes terminated behind in a curved
tooth, 3'ellow in front, and the middle lobe ligalate oblong,
keeled, with four lines of violet-purple, two on each side the
dense tuft of hairs which runs out to the apex. " The
anther-lid is fringed after the manner of TricJwpilia.'" It
requires the same treatment as the other species. — Sumatra :
Palenibang.
'FLG.—Bot. Afag., t. 5527 ; Gard. Chron., 1865, 507, with iig. ; Flore des
Sevres, t. 1644 ; Baiem. 2nd Cent. Orch, PI., t. 146 ; Sitb., Flore des Jard.,
1861, t. 10.
Syn. — P. zehrina.
P. tetraspis, Rchb.f. — -A chaste beautiful very free-flowering
species, in growth resembling P. sumatmna, the stem bearing
but few leaves. The leaves are dark green, stout, cuneate-
obovate oblong acute, and the flowers, which are said
to have a fine perfume, are produced in rich drooping pani-
cles, and have the general shape of those of P. sumatrana.
They are ivory or waxy white, shining, with a trifid lip, of
which the erect retuse side lobes have each a blotch in the
centre, and the convex ligulate central lobe bears a large felt-
like cushion. It flowers during the summer months. — India :
Himalaya.
P. Valentini, Rchh. f. — This plant is probably a natural
hybrid between P, Cornu-cervi and P. violacea. The flowers
are larger than those of the former species and smaller than
those of the latter. The leaves are light green, narrower
than in P. violacea, and without the wavy crispness usually
seen in that species. The sepals and petals are cuneate-
oblong, purple, the lateral sepals and petals white at the base
inside and marked with purple bands ; the lip is similar to
that of P. violacea, the side lobes with a spreading angle at
the upper corner, white with purple spots on the upper
border, the front lobe pandurate, three-parted at the top,
which is mauve, and bearing a thick umbo in the middle ;
the disk is yellow, as also is the column, the latter with red
stripes at the top. — Malayan Archipelago.
P. YeitcMana, Rchh. f. — This species is supposed to be
a natural mule between P. rosea and F. S chiller iana. The
SiO oechid-groweb's manual.
leaves are cuneate oblong rather obtuse, faintly and obscurely
tessellated. The flower scape is similar to P. rosea but
longer, while the flowers are not so close together as in
P. rosea, but more nearly resemble P. Schilleriana, only they
are smaller, purplish, with whitish margins to the sepals and
petals ; the lip is three-parted, the lateral lobes large bluntly
cuneate oblong, bright purple, with a triangular yellow brown-
spotted callus between them, the anterior lobe oblong, narrowed
and forcipate in front, the teeth being straight, not arched or
tendril like, and the colour a rich deep purple with a pale
whitish or lilac margin. — Philippine Islands.
Ym.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 213.
P. YeitcMana lirachyodoil, BcKb. /. — In this form the sepals
and petals are pure white, the lateral sepals with brown spots
at the inner and superior part of the base, and having a slight
tinge of sulphur ; the side lobes of the lip are purple at top,
white at the base, the anterior lobe is dark purple verging to
brown, with some spots of the same colour on the whitish
ochre ground and margins ; the apical teeth short so that the
lip is rather retuse or bidentate than forcipate as in the type.
— Philip-pine Islands.
P. Tiolacea, Teijsman and Binnendjik. — A distinct and richly
coloured species, which has large broad bright green leaves,
and very short peduncles, on which, as far as we have seen,
one or two flowers only open at a time. The flowers measure
each about two inches in diameter ; the lower portions of the
sepals and petals and the hp are a rich rosy purple with the
upper portions yellow. The coloui-ing is quite unique, and
the flowers, which are deliciously scented, are produced during
the summer months. There are several fine varieties distin-
guished by names. — Malayan Airhipelar/o.
YiG.—Sieb. Flore des Jard., 1861, t. 9 ; Orcliid Album, iv. t. 182 ; Flor.d
Mag,, 2 ser., t. 342.
P, Tiolacea Bowringiana, Pichb.f. — A distinct variety, with
flowers of a pure light yellow, ha-ving a very broad clash of
purple inside each of the lateral sepals, and some fine bands
and numerous freckles of the same colour at the bases of the
petals and of the upper sepal. — Malayan Archipelayo.
P. yiolacea Scliruderiaiia, Fichh. f. — In this handsome
variety the lower halves of the sepals and petals, instead of
being wholly covered with rosy purple, are marked with
PHYSURUS. 541
broken mauve-purple Hues, at first sigM reminding one
of P. Lilddemayiniana. It was named in honour of Baron
Schroder, The Dell, Staines. — Malayan Arcliipelagi.
PhtSURUS, rdchard.
{Tribe Neottieaj, suhtribe Spirautheas.)
A charming genus of dwarf variegated terrestrial Orchids,
resembling Ancectochllns in their general habit, and like them
producing beautiful foliage elegantly marked with metallic
variegations. The flowers are small, subringent, in erect
spikes, and agree with those of Aiiaictochilus in having the
lip spurred at the base, but differ in the intermediate portion
being hollow and abruptly contracted, the limb being spreading
or recurved. About twenty species from the warmer parts of
Asia and America are known.
Culture. — This is a lovely group of plants, resembling
Ancectocliilus in their beautiful foliage, and requiring the
same kind of treatment. They grow to about the same size,
and have a creeping stem, by means of which they are pro-
pagated. Many of them will do well grown without bell-
glasses, provided they are in a warm shady house — in fact,
without shading the sun will soon destroy them ; they,
moreover, require more moisture when grown without the
glasses. For further particulars see Anccctochihis.
P. argenteus, Loudon. — A handsome distinct free-growing
species, of decumbent habit, having pale green stems four or
five inches in height, with cordate ovate leaves two and a half
inches long and one and a half inch broad, the ground colour
light green, with the numerous veins marked out hy well-defined
silvery lines. It does not require so much care as some others ;
indeed, we have seen it grown in a warm house in a shady
place, without a bell-glass, with a good supply of water at the
roots. — Brazil.
Syn. — Aneectoc' tins argen'eus.
542 orchid-growee's manual.
P. flmbrillaris, Lindley. — A very pretty species, whicli has
ovate leaves, exquisitely veined with silver, on a dark green
ground, in the way of P. argenteus ; the flowers, however, which
are white, have broader sepals, marked outside by a central line
of pellucid glands, and the lip is more inflated, yellow at the
tip, where it is also delicately fringed. It was introduced by
Mr. Weir to the Horticultural Society's Garden at Chiswick,
from the forests about Rio Janeiro, and is one of the choicest
of the family. — Brazil.
P. maculatus, Hook — This well-marked species has very
stout vermicular roots, and upright stems about six inches
high, furnished with lanceolate acuminate leaves two and a
half inches long, of a dark green colour on the upper surface,
where they are marked with two rows of white oblong spots
lying parallel with the mid-rib, the under surface pale green.
The flowers are small, yellowish, in short dense spikes just
emerging from the uppermost leaves. — Ecuador.
'Em.— But. Mag., t. 5305.
P. nobilis, Rchb.f. — A large and very beautifully marked
species, resembling P. pictiis in the rich variegation of its
leaves, but quite different in the fringed lip of its densely
spicate flowers. The leaves are broadly oblong acute, of a
dark green colour, prettily marked with silvery veins. —
Brazil.
Syn. — Ancectochilus nobills.
P. Ortgiesii, Rchb. f. — A very distinct and curious little
species of dwarf habit, with prettily variegated leaves. They
are oblong-ovate with a cuneate base, dark olive green with
a velvet-like surface, silvery along the centre, and having
scattered oblong blotches of metallic purple distributed over
the entire surface of the leaf, so that it is said to be " mackerel-
spotted." The flowers are white, in dense spikes. — New
Grenada, at high elevations.
Fig.— Florist and Pom., 1872, 243, with fig.
Syn. — Ancectochilus Ortgiesii.
P. pictns, Lindley. — A beautiful and distinct species, grow-
ing four or five inches high, and having the ovate acute leaves
three inches long and one and a half inch broad, each leaf
being edged with dark green curiously marked by silvery veins,
and having a handsome silver-frosted band down the centre
or disk. The flowers are small and grow in short spikes ;
PILUMNA. 543
white with a bar of blackish brown on each sepal and petal.
It rivals the Wana Kajah (King of the Woods) of Ceylon in
the singular beauty of its foliage, and is a very free-growing
plant, and one which may be cultivated without a bell-glass. —
Brazil.
YiG.—Refug. Bot, ii. t. 73 ; Ann. de Gand. 1845, t. 18._
Syn. — P. argenteus pictus; Anactochilus argenteus pictus ; Anosctochilus
pictus; Microchilus jncfus.
P. querceticola, Lindley (?) — A distinct and free-growing
species, inferior in beauty to the silvery reticulated kinds, but
interesting from its dissimilarity. It grows from three to
four inches high or more, and has ovate acute leaves two to
three inches long, of a light green colour, with blotches of
silvery grey on each side the mid-rib, appearing as if the
intervening spaces and not the veins were silvered over. The
flowers grow in lax spikes, and the lip is three-toothed at the
apex. — Said to come from Java, but Lindley's plant is a native
of New Orleans.
PiLUMNA, Lindley.
{Tribe Vandese, suhtribe Oncidiese.)
A small group of dwarf-growing epiphytes, closely allied
to Aspasia and Triclioinlia, with which latter some authorities
unite them. They differ, however, not only in their aspect,
but also in their sub-entire lip, which is adnate to the
column and rolled round it at the base, and in the cucullate
anther-bed being surrounded by membranaceous teeth. The
few species are found in Central America, Mexico, Venezuela,
and New Grenada.
Culture. — The species of Pilumna succeed well in the cool
house, and are best grown in pots with rough peat, charcoal,
and sphagnum moss ; they require good drainage, as an
ample supply of moisture is requisite during the growing
season, but during the resting period less should be given.
In potting the plants should be well elevated above the pot
rim. They are propagated in the usual way, by division.
544 okchid-geower's manual.
P. fragrans, Lindley. — This plant, wliich, as already noted,
is very like TricJiopilia in habit and appearance, has deli-
ciously sweet-scented blossoms. The pseudobulbs are oblong,
four to six inches long, slightly compressed, monophyllous,
the leaves broadly oblong-lanceolate, and the flowers pro-
duced in pendent racemes of three or four together on
radical peduncles. The sepals and petals are oblong-lan-
ceolate acuminate, pale yellowish green, two and a half
to three inches long, wavy and slightly twisted, and the
lip, which is oblong, is apiculate and slightly three-lobed,
pure white, with an orange spot towards the base. It blooms
during the winter season. —Neiv Grenada.
YiG.—Bot. Mag., t, 5035 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PL, t. 164 ; Jennings,
Orch., t. 38.
S YN, — Trichopilia fragrans,
P. noMlis, Rclih. f. — This beautiful species is worthy of
a place in every collection, and indeed should be grown in
quantity by every one, so attractive and useful are its fragrant
flowers. The pseudobulbs are elongate oblong compressed,
clustered, monophyllous, the leaves being broadly oblong
acute. The flower scapes are radical, erect, bearing four
or five deflexed blossoms, which are larger than those of
P. fragrans, and are also sweet-scented ; the white sepals
and petals are linear-lanceolate undulated, and the lip is
subquadrate, constricted near the top so as to appear
obsoletely three-lobed, the upper lobes rounded and meeting
over the throat, the front one much larger, retuse, one and
three-quarter inch broad, pure snow white, having on each
side of the throat an orange-coloured blotch, the two blotches
meeting to form a central eye-like spot. — Colombia ; Peru.
¥iG.— Orchid Alhum, iii. t 128; lUust. Hort., 3 ser., t. 94; Floral Mag.,
2 ser., t. 21 (as fragrans).
Stn. — Pilumna fragrans grandiflora ; Trichopilia fragrans nobilis.
PLATrCLIXIS, Bcntham.
( Tribe EpidendreEe, subtribe Lipariese.)
A small genus consisting of plants of graceful habit,
forming the second section of Blume's genus Dendrochilum,
and commonly known in garJens by the latter name. They
ought to find a place in every collection. They are dwarf
PLATYCLINIS. 545
and compact in habit, and have small pseudobulbs and
narrow evergreen leaves about six inches in length ; their
flower spikes, which are slender and pendulous, are produced
from the top of the bulbs, from which they hang down, forming
long elegant racemes. There are eight or ten species found
in India and the Malay Archipelago.
Culture. — These plants should be grown in the East Indian
or Cattleya house, potted in peat and sphagnum, with good
drainage. They like plenty of water during the growing
season ; but after they have finished their growth, should
only be allowed a diminished quantity. They are propagated
by dividing the pseudobulbs just as they begin to grow.
P, Cobhiana, Hewsley. — A curious and interesting species,
with pseudobulbs and leaves resembling those of P. latifola.
The racemes of flowers are remarkably zigzag, and the flowers
themselves have light sulphur-coloured sepals and petals, a
flabellate orange-coloured lip, with small bristle-like side
lobes, and a green column with the wings and hood white. —
ridUppine Islands.
Syn. — Dendrochilum Cobhianum.
P. flliformis, Benth. — A charming species, which grows
about six inches high. The flowers, which are produced in
June, July, and August, are of a yellowish green hue, and
are prized for their gracefully drooping habit. When arrived
at a good size, it makes a nice exhibition plant. — Vhilippine
Islands.
Fig.— Garfenjlora, t. 604 ; lUmt. Ilort., 3 ser., t. 323 (glumaceizm in text).
Syn. — Dendrochilum Jiii forme.
P. glumacea, Benth. — One of the most elegant of Orchids,
forming a pretty species, with small evergreen foliage, and
producing graceful spikes of greenish white flowers, which
are delicately scented ; it flowers in spring, and continues
three or four weeks in perfection. — Fhilippine Islands.
Fig.— Bot. Mag , t. 4853.
Syn. — Dendrochilum glumaceum.
P. uncata, N. E. Brown. — A very graceful plant, approach-
ing P. filiformis in size and appearance, but the drooping
546 obchid-grower's manual.
floral racemes are shorter, the flowers larger, and of a pale
green, and the sepals and petals acute. Introduced by
Messrs. Low. — Malayan Archipelago ; Philippine Islands.
SYS.—Bendrochilum uncatum.
PleIONE, Don.
{Tribe Epidendrese, subtribe CcElogyness.)
A genus of pretty dwarf deciduous plants, with flask-like
pseudobulbs, and light green membranous leaves which are
produced after the decay of the flowers. Some authors
regard them as forming a section only of the genus Ccelogyne
from which indeed they differ but slightly, except in habit, but
their habit is so peculiar, that it would seem to indicate they
are entitled to generic rank. Thus every season, after finishing
their growth, the leaves begin to die away, and during this,
which is the proper time to rest them, they should have only
just enough water to keep them from shrivelling. After they
have enjoyed their due season of rest, the flowers will be
produced; this occurs during the autumn and winter months,
and immediately precedes the appearance of the young growth,
so that whenever the flowers are seen to be pushing up from
the base of the pseudobulbs, water should be given in moderate
quantities. The flowers are solitary, produced on sheathed
peduncles, which spring from the root ; and they have a
fringed lip saccate at the base. These plants are frequently
called Indian Crocuses, since they throw up their flowers in
autumn and winter, much after the manner of our common
Crocus, differing, however, considerably in shape, but like
them very handsome and rich in colour. The few known
species are nearly all natives of the Indian Alps.
Culture. — The Pleiones are far too little cared for by Orchid
growers, manj' objecting to them on account of the leaves
being absent at the time of flowering; but this is easily
PLEIONE. 547
remedied by grouping them wiih Ferns, or other graceful
green-leaved plants. They give little trouble, if properly
managed, but their wants must be supplied at the right time,
which is the great secret in the treatment of most deciduous
plants. In consequence of their deciduous habit they get
neglected, and just at the time when they should receive
most attention, and their beauties should be seen, they are
found in a shrivelled condition. They require a good season
of growth, and after that, one of rest. The way in which we
treat them is to pot them in a mixture of loam, peat, moss,
and sand, giving them good drainage and plenty of water
while growing ; the potting should be performed immediately
the flowers fade. After the pseudobulbs are fully formed,
give only enough water to keep them from shrivelling ; but,
as before stated, when they begin to show flower, water
freely, which will induce their blossoms to come finer. The
Cattleya house is the most suitable place for them.
P. birmanica, Rckb. f. — A charming dwarf Orchid, allied
to P. prcccox, but according to present experience a later-
blooming plant. Its pseudobulbs have the peculiar raised
shoulder and depressed conical apex frequent in this genus,
and are of a fine bluish purple marked with numerous white
circles, the raised edge being much more prominent than in
P. precox. The leaves are of the usual character, and decay
before the flowers are produced ; these latter are of a light
purple, the disk bearing three toothed keels, along which on a
white ground are several small fine brown oblong or roundish
spots or blotches. The anterior edge of the lip, instead of
being fringed, has very short teeth ; it is said to produce
usually two flowered peduncles. — Burmah.
Syn. — Ccelogyne birmanica,
P. COncolor, Hort. — A very pretty and distinct plant, with
the pseudobulbs and foliage similar to those of P. j^f'^Bcox.
The sepals and petals are of a dark rose-colour, and the
elegantly fringed lip is of the same colour with yellow
blotches in which are several brownish crimson spots ; the
crests are pale yellow. — India.
548 orchid-geowee's manual.
P. Hookeriana, Moore. — This species may be distinguished
from all its congeners by the circumstance that it produces
its leaves and flowers at the same time, which is unusual in
the genus. The pseudobulbs are about an inch long, ovoid,
smooth, not grooved or covered with a network. The stems
grow some three to five inches high, each bearing one leaf
and a solitary flower. The leaf is ovate-lanceolate acuminate
and plicate, and the flower is expanded, about two and a half
inches across. The sepals and petals are elliptic lanceolate,
bright rose-colour, and the lip, which is convolute at the base,
is white, having five or six pale brown-purple spots on the
anterior portion, the throat being pale yellow. Two forms of
this species were discovered by Sir J. D. Hooker in the Hima-
layas, at an altitude of 7,000 to 10,000 feet. It flowers
in May. — Sikkim Himalaya.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 6388.
Syi^'. — Coelogyne Hookeriana.
P. Imniilis, Don. — A dwarf species of great beauty, having
dark green flask-shaped pseudobulbs clothed with fibrous
scales, and crowned with a lanceolate acuminate dark green
leaf. The peduncles grow up by the side of the pseudobulbs
after the leaves have ripened off", and each bears a solitary
flower three to four inches in diameter. The sepals and petals
are linear-lanceolate, spreading, blush white, and the lip,
which is convolute at the base, and emarginate and fimbriate
in front, is also blush white, traversed by six parallel fringed
veins, with alternating stripes of rich purplish crimson. It
blooms in the winter season, and lasts in beauty for two or
three weeks. — iV. Indian Alps, elevation 7,000 — 8,000 feet.
'Fia.—Bot. Mag., t. 5G74 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard., ii. t. 51 ; Lem. Jard. Fl, t.
158; Smith, Exot. Bat., t. 98.
Stn. — Ccelogyne humilis; Epidendrum humilis.
P. tiumilis tricolor, Rchb. /.—A pretty and distinct form,
in which the sepals and petals are pale rose colour, and the
large expanded frilled lip is pale yellow, distinctly streaked
with brownish yellow in the central part, the outer portions
being margined with transverse blotches of the same colour.
It flowers in January and February. — Indian Alps.
Fig.— Orchid Album,m. t. 102.
P. lagenaria, Lindley. — A very handsome brilliantly-
coloured dwarf species, with clustered wrinkled broadly
flask-shaped pseudobulbs, which are flattened below the
)49
conical neck, and are light green covered with brown spots,
which give a netted appearance to the surface ; these are
surmounted by a solitary lanceolate leaf, which becomes
matured and falls away before the flowers are developed.
The flower scapes spring from the base of the pseudobulbs,
and are about three inches high, bearing a solitary blossom
PLEIONE LAGENAEIA.
three inches across ; the sepals and petals are lanceolate,
spreading, lilac rose, and the lip is white or whitish, convolute
at the base, the large expanded front lobe emarginate, the
central part yellow traversed by five bearded ridges, and the
broad margin much crisped, white with transverse bars and
550 orchid-grower's manual.
blotches of deep purple -crimson ; the throat is yellow with a
few crimson stripes. It flowers in January and February,
when the other kinds are over, and continues a long time in
perfection, if the blossoms are kept dry. — Mountains of India.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t, 5370 ; Paa-^. Fl. Gard., ii. t. 39, fig. 2; lllust. Hort ,
t. 510 ; Flore des Serres, t. 2386 ; Lem. Jard. Fleur., t. 93 ; Jennings, Orch.,
t. 47, fig. 1 ; Warner, Set. Orch. PL, i. t. 17 ; Piiydt, Les Orch., t. 36.
Syn. — Ccelogyne layenaria.
P. maculata, Lindley. — A beautiful dwarf Orchid, with
roundish depressed pseudobulbs, tuberculate at the base, dark
green, glossy, and bearing brown imbricating scales. The
leaves, produced before the flowers, are lanceolate plicate, six
inches long ; and the flowers are solitary, two inches across,
on short peduncles which spring from the base of the bulbs.
The sepals and petals are narrow lanceolate, spreading,
white, the lip also white, oblong, the basal part incurved,
marked with oblique purple lines, the front lobe ovate, retuse,
wavy, the disk yellow, with five elevated fringed veins having
purple lines between, the margins wavy and boldly cross-
barred with crimson-purple. It blooms in October and
November, continuing three or four weeks in perfection. — ^.
India : Khasya, Assam, 4,000 — 5,000 feet.
YiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4691 ; Wall. PI. Asiat. Ear., i. t. .53 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard ,
ii. t. 39, fig. 1 ; Flore des Serres, t, 1470 ; Lem. Jard. FL, t. 93.
Syn. — Cceloygne maculata.
P. prsecox, Don. — A most distinct and beautiful species, of
dwarf habit like its congeners, with pale mottled brownish
purple turbinate pseudobulbs, covered with a strong veining
of loose network, and surmounted by a solitary broadly
lanceolate membranaceous plaited leaf, which decays before
the appearance of the scape. The latter springs from the
side of the pseudobulb, and bears one showy flower, which is
fully three inches across, and saccate at the base ; the lanceo-
late sepals and the smaller petals are deep rose-colour, and the
lip, which is prominent and two inches long, is blush white,
the basal part connivent over the column, the front portion
beautifully fringe-toothed, and the disk yellow furnished with
five toothed keels or crests reaching nearly to the apex, and
a few yellow and rose-coloured spots. It produces its blossoms
in November and December. — N. India : Khasya, at 4,700
feet, Nepal at 7,500 feet, and Sihkim at 5,800 feet elevation.
'Sm.—Paxton, Mag. Bat., xiv. 7, with tab.; Bat. Mag., t. 4496 (as
WaUichii) ; Smith, Exot. Bat., t. 97 ; Lem. Jard. Fl., t. 153 ; Gartenjlora, t.
283 (as Wallichian-ri).
Syn, — Calogyne prwcox ; Epidendrum pracox.
PLEIONE. 551
P. pr86C0X "WallicMana, Lindley. — A truly handsome dwarf
plant, " quite a gem," with large turbinate dark green pseudo-
bulbs, mottled with paler green warts and brown scales ; they
have been compared as to form and colour to a truffle. The
leaves, which grow up with the bulbs, and ripen off before
flowering time, are lance-shaped, and plaited. The plants
produce their large solitary flowers on radical scapes in
October and November, and last two weeks in beauty ; the
colour is a deep magenta-purple, the sepals and narrower
petals lanceolate, and the lip of the same colour, decorated
with a broad streak of yellow on its disk, and traversed by
five parallel ridges of white tubercles, a few deep crimson
stains appearing in the throat, and the apex being toothed
and two-lobed. The blossoms are three or four inches across.
— India : Pundua, Khasya.
YlG.—Faxton, Mag. Bot., vi. 25, with tab. ; Wall. PI. Asiat. Rar., i. t. 54 ;
Bot. Reg., 1840, t, 24; Jennings, Orch., t. 47, fig. 2,
Syn. — Calogyne Wallichiana ; Pleione Wallichiana.
P. Reiclieilbaclliaiia, Moore. — A very beautiful and distinct
species of this exceedingly handsome genus. The large pitcher-
shaped pseudobulbs, which are constricted below the middle,
are longitudinally six to eight-lobed ; the lobes which form
rounded prominences at the widest part, are of a very dark
green reticulated with brown lines ; and by their side appear
the scapes, each bearing one or two large flowers, of which
the narrow oblong sepals are rosy lilac, with paler edges, the
narrower petals are paler, with a bar of rosy lilac down the
centre, and the lip is white, the dilated front lobe ciliato-
dentate, bifid, the disk bearing three keels which are crested
with papillose teeth, short Hues of rosy crimson intervening
between the veins in front, and a few spots of the same colour
being scattered over the surface. This very rare species
ought to be in every collection, — Moulmein.
P. ScMlleriana, Bchb. f. — Avery pretty species, peculiar in
the genus for producing its foliage and flowers simultaneously,
in which respect it accords with the otherwise very distinct
P. Hookeriana. In this plant the pseudobulbs are very
small, obpyriform clustered, pale green and somewhat pitted.
The short peduncles support a pair of lanceolate obscurely
nervose leaves about three inches long, and a solitary flower,
of which the dorsal sepal is oblong acute, quite erect, and an
inch and a half long, while the two lateral ones are considerably
552 orchid-grower's manual.
narrower, somewhat falcate, and directed downwards ; the
petals are very narrow linear, also directed downwards, all
these parts being of a clear tawny yellow ; the lip is broad
and distinctly three-lobed, the lateral lobes semiovate, erect,
whitish with a margin of deep orange-red, and the middle lobe
is transversely oblong from a constricted base, somewhat
convex and emarginate with a toothed border, tawny yellow
irregularly blotched and spotted with orange-red ; the disk
bears three elevated ridges or crests which are marked by
several transverse orange-red lines. The sepals are repre-
sented as being green in the figure published in Xenia
Orchidacea. — Mouhnein.
FlG.—Bot. Hag., t. 5072 ; Flore des Serves, t. 2302 ; Xenia Orch., ii. t.
134, fig. 1.
Sin. — Ccelogyne Schiller iana.
POLTCYCNIS, Beichenbach JjL
{Tribe Yandeae, sublribe Stanhopiese.)
This is a small genus of epiphytes, the species of
which very much resemble those of Cycnoches in their
general appearance and the shape of their flowers. They
have short one-leaved pseudobulbous stems, with large
plicately-venose leaves, and showy flowers on scapes which
arise erect from base of the stems, and terminate in loose or
drooping racemes. The flowers have the sepals and petal
narrow and free, and the lip of peculiar form, biauriculate
at the base, the hypochil clawed with two large wings, the
epichil arcuately patent, and the column slender and curved,
dilated at the end around the minute stigmatic hollow.
There are some two or three South American species.
Cycnoches barbatum (p. 229), which is the handsomest of the
species, should have been included here.
Culture. — These plants are best grown in baskets, with
peat and moss, and suspended from the roof. The Cattleya
house will suit them best.
P. "barbata, Rchb. f. — See Cycnoches barbatum.
POLYSTACHYA. 006
P. gratiosa, Endr. et Rchb. f. — A very elegant species in
the way of P. lepida, having the many-flowered racemes
deflexed, not nutant, and a velvety rachis. It is, however,
distinguished from P. lepida by the very short claw of the
lip and by the anterior part of the same organ. There are
two varieties as regards the size of the flowers, the finer
one reaching that of P. harhata, the smaller one that of
P. lepida. The sepals are ligulate acute somewhat bearded
on the outside, the petals linear lanceolate very shortly clawed ,
and the lip has two oblong retuse auricles at the base, a rhom-
boid callus in the middle part, and the front part oblong
narrowed to a ligulate apex. It is a very elegant species, one
of the discoveries of Mr. Endres. — Costa Eica.
P. Ifipida, Linden et Bclih. f. — A very pretty species, with
ovoid clustered pseudobulbs about two inches in height, of a
dark green colour, and stalked ovate plicately-veined leaves.
The flower scapes proceed from the sides of the bulbs, and
support a drooping raceme of from fifteen to twenty flowers,
of which the lanceolate sepals and petals are pale yellow
thickly dotted with purple so as to produce a pale brown or
tawny hue, and the lip is pale yellow lightly spotted with
chocolate brown, white towards the base. — Colombia : New
Grenada.
'FiG.—IHust. ffort., 3 ser., t. 19.
POLTSTACHYA, Hooker.
{Tribe YandeaB, suhtrihe Cymbidieae.)
This is a genus of epiphytal plants, with pseudobulbous
stems, few distichous leaves, and terminal racemes of rather
small dull-coloured flowers, and hence it does not find much
favour at the hands of Orchid growers. The species named
below is, however, of ornamental character. There are about
forty species described, mostly Tropical and South African,
some from Tropical Asia (India and Malaya), and a few
from Tropical America.
Culture. — The South African species, of which P. jmbescens
is an example, grow well in the cool house, potted in peat
A A
654 orchid-growee's manual.
and mofis, and like a good supply of water ; indeed, they
should never be allowed to get dry.
P. pubescens, BcM.f. — This beautiful dwarf-growing species,
which attains about six inches in height, has for a long time
been in cultivation in our gardens under the name oi Epiphora
pubescens. It has small pseudobulbs, producing two or three
leaves, which are dull green, oblong-linear, plane, and slightly
hairy beneath ; the floral racemes are erect, short and many-
flowered, the flowers being fragrant, of a rich bright golden
yellow with a few purple lines. It is an abundant bloomer,
and is quite an exception to the majority of the species in
being very showy. Although introduced many years since,
it is still very rare. — Caffraria ; Delagoa Bay.
Syn. — Epiphora pubescens.
PrOMENJEA, Lindley.
( Tribe Vandege, subtrlbe Cyrtopodieas.)
This is a small genus of pretty dwarf epiphytes growing
about three inches high. They are pseudobulbous, with ter-
minal leaves, and produce their flower-scapes, which are
drooping, from the base of the pseudobulbs, so that they hang
over the edge of the pot. The flowers have spreading sepals,
and a three-lobed lip crested in the middle. They are not
very showy plants, but very curious, and hence deserve to be in
every collection. Some six or eight species, mostly Brazilian,
are referred to the group, which is by some authorities
retained as a section of Zygopetalmn. The column often
bears on its front a longitudinal elevated line or keel.
Culture. — The PromencBas are best grown in pots with peat,
the same treatment as that recommended for PajJhinia being
suitable for them.
P. citrina, Don. — A neat and pretty dwarf-growing epiphyte,
with clustered small ovate tetragonal diphyllous pseudobulbs,
oblong-ligulate pale green leaves, and deflexed scapes two to
PKOMEN^A.
PROMENiEA CITRINA.
three inclies long, beai'ing each a comparatively showy deep
rich yellow flower with a dark crimson blotch at the base of
the lip, which is obovate in the front part, with two oblong
obtuse erect basal lobes which
are spotted with crimson ; they
are produced at the end of the
summer, lasting in beauty for
several weeks. — Brazil.
Fig. — Orchid Album, i. t. 7.
SyN. — Maxillaria citrina.
P. microptera, BcU. /.—A
distinct and pretty little species
introduced by ourselves, and
related to P. xcmthina. The
sepals and petals are creamy
white or light ochre-coloured, and the lip, which has the
front lobe elongate and lance-shaped, and the two lateral
lobes minute, is white, having three transverse bars of dull
crimson on the disk, and small purple spots at the base. It
flowers during the summer months. — Brazil.
S YN.— Zygojictalum micropterum,
P, Eollissoni, Lindley. — A curious little plant with roundish
compressed pseudobulbs, bearing about two oblong-lanceolate
venose leaves from the top and other accessory ones from the
base. The deflexed scapes come from the axils of the latter,
and bear one or two pale yellow flowers during the autumn
months, lasting three weeks or more in beauty ; the lip is
whitish with the middle lobe oblong, apiculate, and the lateral
lobes narrow ovate acute, like two erect ears standing up
from the base, the whole being spotted with crimson. —
Brazil.
FlG.—Bot. Reg., 1838, t. 40.
Stn. — Maxillaria Rollissoni.
P. stapelioides, Lindley. — An interesting and pleasing
species, remarkable for its singular speckled flowers, which
have suggested the specific name. The pseudobulbs are
small, ovate, tetragonal, one or two-leaved, the leaves
lanceolate, thin, light green, with a pale glaucous reticulation.
The peduncle is deflexed, two-flowered, the sepals and petals
roundish ovate, acute, spreading, greenish yellow, transversely
spotted and barred with dark purple ; the lip deep purple
A A 2
656 OKCHiD grower's manual.
approaching to black, oblong, tbree-lobed, the lateral lobes
erect linear, the terminal one ovate oblong, cucullate at the
base, the margins paler and cross-barred. It blooms in July,
August, and September, and lasts long in perfection. — Brazil.
¥iG.—Bot. Mag., t. 3877 ; Bot. lleg., 1839, t. 17.
Stn. — Maxillaria stapelioides,
EenANTHERA, Loureiro.
( Tribe Vandese, subtribe Sarcantheas.)
This genus, which is very nearly allied to Vanda, consists
of showy plants, with climbing branching stems, clothed with
distichous leaves, and bearing on lateral peduncles elegant
panicles of flowers, which in some cases are of a very showy
character. They have spreading sepals and petals, the lateral
sepals often broader and longer, contiguous or somewhat cohe-
rent, and a short lip articulated with the base of the column,
and produced at the base into a conical spur. There are
some half-dozen species found in Tropical Asia and the
Malay Archipelago, some of which are in high favour with
Orchid growers. R. Loivii, the Vanda Lowii of many gardens,
is placed in Arachnanthe by Bentham.
Culture. — The treatment recommended for Vanda as regards
heat and moisture will also suit these plants. They require
the temperature of the East Indian house, and should be potted
in living sphagnum moss, with an abundance of drainage.
They will do well on blocks if they obtain a good supply of
water during the growing season. During winter give them
only enough water to keep their stems and leaves from
shrivelling. At all times they should be kept as much exposed
to light as possible, and be shaded only sufiiciently to keep
them from the burning rays of the sun. They are propagated
in the same way as Aerides and Vanda.
B,. COCCinea, Loureiro.^-A somewhat scandent straggling
plant, though when well managed a really superb and showy
RKNAKTHEEA. 557
subject. The stems often attain as much as twelve feet
or more in height, and are freely furnished with long
fleshy clinging roots, and on either side with distichous
linear-oblong emarginate leaves about five inches long.
The flowers are produced from the axils of the leaves, on
long branching panicles ; they each measure two inches in
diameter and have the dorsal sepal and petals narrow linear
ligulate obtuse, deep red mottled with pale orange, and the
lateral sepals broad oblong spathulate, crispy, and deep
scarlet ; the lip is small, the ligulate front and the quadrate
side lobes being deep crimson, and the throat white. This
plant requires to be so placed as to be freely exposed to sun-
light, which is the only sure way of inducing it to bloom ;
it is indeed a shy bloomer, which doubtless accounts for its
not being so generally cultivated as one might expect. By
letting it grow up the roof, where it gets plenty of light and
sun, it will, however, most likely flower when sufficiently
strong for that purpose. We have seen it do well on a
large block suspended from the roof, and thus grown we have
known it to produce as many as five spikes at one time.
When well bloomed it is quite worth all the care that is
bestowed upon it, for it is really a superb plant. During the
summer it should be treated to a liberal supply of heat and
moisture, as from March to October is the time it is in
vigorous growth. While resting in winter, let it have but
little water — just enough to keep it from shrivelling. The
most suitable material to pot it in is sphagnum moss, which,
as before remarked, should be kept moist during the grow-
ing season. We have several times seen it blooming very
freely in the large Palm House of his Grace the Duke of
Devonshire, at Chatsworth, and have been informed by the
late Mr. Speed, when gardener there, that it has a predilec-
tion for fixing its roots on birch poles. — Cochin China.
YlG.—Bot. Mag., tt. 2997—8; Bot. Eeg.,t. 1131 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PI,
ii. t. 37 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., iv. 49, with tab. ; Puydt, Les Orch., 226, fig.
229.
E. Lowii, Pichb. f. — This most remarkable and exceedingly
rare Orchid grows on high trees in the humid forests of
Borneo. It is distinct in growth from any other species, and
is readily known by its climbing stem an inch thick, and
emitting stout fleshy roots from the lower part, its numerous
obliquely obtuse strap-shaped leathery dark green leaves
two to three feet long, and its remarkably long drooping
558 orchid-gkower's manual.
slightly hairy flower spikes, which attain from six to twelve
feet in length, and each bear from forty to fifty flowers. The
most remarkable feature of the plant is the production of
dimorphous flowers, that is, of two dissimilar forms of
flower on the same spike. The two blossoms at the
base of the spike, which are separated widely from the
rest, are of a tawny yellow, spotted with crimson, and
have the sepals and petals lanceolate recurved and bluntish.
The rest of the numerous flowers, which are three inches
across, have lanceolate acute recurved wavy sepals and
petals of a greenish yellow, marked throughout by large
irregular blotches, mostly transverse, of a rich dark brown.
It blooms during July, August, and September, continuing
fresh for several weeks, and produces its flowers when not more
than from two to three feet high. The plant, which is ever-
green, succeeds well along with Vanda and A'erides. This plant
was formerly included in the genus Vanda, and, indeed, is to
be found in many collections under the name of Vanda Lowii.
Baron Hruby, of Peckau, Austria, flowered in 1883 a large
plant of this species which bore as many as twenty-two spikes
of flowers, which is the greatest number we ever heard of.
Mr. Bergman, gardener to Baron A. de Kothschild, at
Ferrieres, flowered in the same year a fine plant furnished
with eleven spikes, which averaged about nine feet in length.
— Borneo.
¥lG.—Bot. 3Iag., t. 5475; Bafem., 2nd CeJit. Orch. PL, t. 161 ; Warner,
Sel. Orch. PI., ii. t. 4; Jllust. Eort., t. 417 ; Puydt, Les Orch., t. 46.
Syn. — Vanda Lowii; Arachnanthe Lowii.
R. matutina, Lindley. — A very old and rare species, of
dwarf habit, flowering when not more than a foot in height.
It has stoutish speckled stems, producing thick fleshy roots,
and ligulate obtuse unequally bilobed distichous leaves. The
flowers, which are distantly set on the rachis, grow in axillary
panicled racemes on purple scapes, and are about two and
a half inches in depth, with the dorsal sepal linear-ligulate
acute, orange, the lateral ones parallel directed downwards,
rather dilated near the base, orange with a few deeper
orange spots ; the petals are narrow linear acute, orange
with smaller deep orange spots, and the lip is very minute,
white with a red central spot. We saw a fine plant of
this flowering in the collection of Baron A. de Rothschild,
Ferrieres, under the care of Mr. Bergman, the spike
bearing twenty flowers. It blossoms in July and August.
RESTREPIA. 559
The plant figured under this name by Lindley in the
Botanical Register (1843, t. 41) is i?. micrantha; the flowers
are small, but more numerous and more densely set than in
R. matutina itself, and the colours are also brighter and more
effective. — Java.
Fig. — Pescatorea, 1. 12 ; Blume, TabelL, xxiv ; Xcnia Orch., i. t. 35, fig. 1.
Syn. — Aerides matutina.
R. Storiei, Rchb. f, — A handsome species, "just matching
the celebrated Pi. coccinea, or rather surpassing it," for the
parts of the flower, though one-sixth shorter than in that
species, are much broader, and the lip much larger. The stem
grows ten or twelve feet in height, and has distichous some-
what fleshy, dark green leaves eight to ten inches long, and
a branching inflorescence bearing fifty to sixty flowers, the
peduncles stronger than those of its ally, and very floriferous.
The dorsal sepal and petals are dark orange, the lower sepals
broad, and of a brilliant velvet crimson shaded with lighter
crimson, and the lip, which has the middle lobe ligulate and
the side lobes triangular, is small, deep crimson, with yellow
bars, and a white centre. There are a pair of quadrate
lamellae in front of the mouth of the conical spur. — Philippine
Islands.
EesTEEPIA, Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth.
{Tribe Epidendrese, stibtribe Pleurothallese.)
A small genus of epiphytal Orchids, somewhat resembling
PleurothalUs, and consisting of small-growing plants with
slender tufted stems, each supporting a single leaf, and a
solitary small flower of very singular structure. There are
some twenty species described, all Tropical American, but
very few of them are worthy the attention of Orchid amateurs,
although, where the plants are grown for study or for
scientific purposes, the smaller flowers displaying microscopic
beauties are equally valuable with the larger flowers having
showy colours.
Culture. — The Restrepias succeed best in the cool house
560 oechid-grower's manual.
with Oclontoglossums, and should be potted in a mixture of
peat and sphagnum ; a moderate supply of water all the
year round will be found necessary for their well-being.
They are increased by dividing the plants, taking care to have
a leading growth or eye to each piece.
E. antennifera, Humb. Bonpl. and Kunth. — This is a
very elegant little plant, with short slender tufted stems,
which support a single ovate-lanceolate leathery dark green
leaf, and from amongst them other short slender stems which
bear the exceedingly curious and handsome flowers, in which
the sepals are very long, the upper one lanceolate, running
out into a filiform apex more than an inch long, yellowish
white streaked with purple, the lateral ones directed down-
wards and connate into a broad lanceolate bipartite con-
spicuous segment, which is reddish crimson profusely dotted
with blackish purple ; the petals are antennae-like, narrow,
clubbed at the ends, and similar in colour to the dorsal sepal ;
the lip is small and of the same colour as the lateral sepals.
It is well deserving a place in every collection for its extreme
beauty, free-flowering properties, and curious structure. It
blooms throughout the whole of the summer months. —
Colombia.
Ym.—Illust. Hort., t. 601 ; Humh. BoujJl and Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp.
riant, i. t. 94.
Syn. — Ji, maculata,
R. elegans, Karsten. — A pretty little plant, which very
much resembles the preceding in habit, but is dwarfer. The
tufted stems bear broadly elliptic leathery leaves, and from
their base the pretty flowers, Avhich, though not so large as
those of B. antennifera, are very curiously marked. The
dorsal sepal is lanceolate, white streaked with purple,
lengthed out into a yellow filiform tail, and the united
lateral sepals are oblong emarginate, concave, yellow thickly
marked with lines of small purple dots ; the petals are small
and resemble the dorsal sepal, and the small lip is panduri-
form emarginate, yellow spotted and edged with red. It
succeeds admirably in the cool house, with the treatment
recommended above. — Colombia ; Caracas.
FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. .5966; Flore des Serves, t. 743; Karst., Auswahl
nener und Gen. Ven., t. 2.
StN. — H. punctulata.
KODRIGUEZIA — SACCOLABIUM.
5G1
EODRIGUEZIA, Ruiz and Pavoii.
{Tribe Vandese, suhtribe Oncidieee.)
This is a small group of Brazilian and Central American
epiphytes, with which some authorities associate the Bur-
lingtonias, another small group of interesting species already
noticed at p. 157. The small flowers have the sepals and petals
erect and subeqaal, the lip is clawed and entire, with a spur
or gibbosity at the base, and the column is terete, bearded at
the apex. The species are not generally very attractive, but
that here described is well worth growing.
Culture. — This plant succeeds well on a block suspended
from the roof, and should be grown in the Cattleya house.
R. secunda, Humb. Bonpl. and Kunth. — A neat and pretty
epiphyte, with oval compressed pseudobulbs having a ridge
on each face, and producing several linear-oblong coriaceous
obliquely emarginate leaves, and axillary recurved scapes six
to nine inches long, bearing numerous small flowers, which
all turn to one side of the spike, and are of a pretty deep rose
colour, sparkling as if frosted. It blooms in October, and
through the autumn and winter months. — New Grenada;
Trinidad.
YlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 3524 ; Bot. Reg., t. 930 ; Lodd., Bot. Cab., t. 676 ;
Humb. Bonpl. and Kunih, Nov. Gen. et Sp. PI, i. t. 92 ; Uook., Exot. FL, t.
129.
Stn, — Rodriguezia lanceolata ; Pleurothallis coccinea.
SACCOLABIUM, Blime.
( Tribe Vandese, subtribe Sarcantheffl.)
This genus contains some of the finest Orchids in cultiva-
tion. They are evergreen plants, very compact in their
growth, the stems furnished with long thick leathery or fleshy
distichous pendent leaves, from the axils of which the flowers
are produced, in long graceful simple or branched recurved
562 oechid-gbowek's manual.
racemes, which often measure from one to two feet in length.
The flowers are not very large, but are exceedingly effective
from the large number collected into the densely packed
racemes. They have the sepals and petals much spread out,
and the sessile lip spurred or saccate at the base. There are
a score or more species described, natives of the Malay Archi-
pelago and the hottest parts of India, where they are found
growing on the branches of trees. The following selection
will be found to comprise the best species of this beautiful
genus, of which there are several others in cultivation, some
of which are small-flowered, these latter being interesting to
connoisseurs. Those we have named ought to be in every
collection, however small, as they form very handsome objects
even without flowers.
Culture. — In their habit of growth the species of Saccola-
hium are similar to those oiAerides, and they require the same
degree of heat and the same general treatment, except that
they are best grown in baskets suspended near the roof, so
that they may receive all the light possible and not too much
shade — only enough to preserve their foliage from being
scorched. The more light they receive, the more vigorous
and better matured will be their growth, and this will lead to
the production of finer floral racemes. They will also thrive
in pots placed near the glass, and on blocks ; but grown on
this latter plan they require more water. They are propa-
gated in the same way as the Aerides, and are liable to
become infested by the same sorts of insects.
S. ampullae eiim, Lindley. — A distinct compact-habited
and pretty Orchid, with an erect simple stem eight to ten
inches high, clothed with thick distichous ligulate channelled
dark green leaves, about three or four inches in length, trun-
cate and toothed at the end, and dense erect axillary oblong
racemes of flowers about six inches long, of a beautiful deep
rose colour, produced in May and June. The sepals and
SACCOLABIUM. 5G3
petals are ovate, and the lip linear with a long compressed
slender spur. This plant will succeed on a block, or in a
basket with moss, and remains in beauty three weeks.- —
India: Sylhet, SikJcim.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5595 ; Batem., 2nd Cent. Orch. PL, t. 186 ; Sertum
Orck., t. 17 ; Orchid Album, iv. t. 191 ; Paxton, Mag. But , xiii. 49, with tab. ;
Wight, Icon. PI. Ind., t. 1673.
Sin. — S. rubrum.
S. ampullaceum moulmeineiise, Hort. — A superb variety
of the preceding, than which it is somewhat more robust in
growth ; the leaves are spotted on both sides with dull brown,
the flower spike is longer and denser, and the flowers are
larger, of a uniform rich deep rose. — Moidmein.
Fig.— Floral Mag., t. 393 (roseum).
S. bellinum, Echb. f. — A very pretty dwarf species, in the
way of S. calceohire, with short erect stems, clothed with
evergreen distichous lorate obliquely bifid leaves, and decurved
peduncles bearing a compact corymb of elegant flowers, which
are considerably larger than those of S. calceohire. The oblong
sepals and petals are straw- colour blotched with large patches
of dark brown, and the saccate lip is fleshy, white with mauve-
purple spots, having on each side a large cushion of filiform
processes, yellow in the centre, and there marked with spots
of bright red. It flowers in February and March, lasting
some time in beauty. — Burmah.
Fig. — Orchid Album, iv. t. 156.
S. Berkeley!, Fichb. f. — A beautiful species of the Rhyn-
chostylis group, the leaves of which are prasmorse, and the-
flowers large, loosely disposed on the raceme ; they are white
striped and spotted with amethyst, the anterior blade of the
lip, which is acute and not bilobed, amethyst. — ? Andaman
Islands.
S. bigibbum, Rchb. f. — This very pretty species is at pre-
sent quite rare. It is a small close-growing plant, with very
short stems, bearing persistent linear-oblong bifid bright
green leaves, about four inches long, and short-stalked droop-
ing subcorymbose racemes, bearing about eight of its curious
flowers, of which the spathulate sepals and petals are pale
yellow, and the remarkable hp is triangular, white, with a very
broad blunt spur, the centre yellow and the edge prettily
frilled. It blooms about November. — Rangoon; 2 Arracan.
Fig.— Bat. Mag., t. 5767.
564 oechid-geower's manual.
S. Blumei, Lindley. — A beautiful distinct species, with a
sliort erect densely leafy stem, long arcuate distichous lorate
persistent channelled leaves, unequally truncate at the ends,
bright green with a few parallel lines of dark green, extending
from base to apex, on the under side. The flowers grow in
dense pendulous cylindrical axillary racemes, the ovate sepals
and oblong petals white tinted with rose and dotted with
magenta, and the lip with a compressed bluntish spur, and a
roundish oblong laminte, ciliated recurved and emarginate at
the tip, of a soft magenta rose. These flowers are produced
in July and August, and last three weeks in perfection, —
India : Java.
YlG.—Sertum Orch., t. 47 ; Wiqhf. Icon. PI. Ind., t. 1745 (guttatum—
f. Rchb.) Orchid Album, iv. t. 169; Puydt, Les Orch., t. 37 ; Gard. Chron.,
N.S., xxiii. 573, fig. 105.
Stn. — Saccolabium Rheedii; Rhynchostylis retusa pramorsa; Aerides
pramorsum.
S. Blumei majUS, Echb. f. — A charming variety of S.
Blumei, in which the colours of the flowers are much the
same as in the preceding plant, but the whole plant is of much
stronger growth, and the flowers and flower spikes are much
larger ; the leaves are longitudinally banded with streaks of
light and dark green on both surfaces. — Moulmein.
Fig.— Pescatorea, t. 21 ; Illust. HorL, t. 545.
S. Blumei Eusselianum, Williams. — This is the very finest
form of the S. Blumei section we have ever seen. The spike
of flowers is very long and massive, the blossoms are large,
densely packed, and beautifully spotted. It bloomed in the
collection of the late J. Eussel, Esq., of Falkirk, under the
skilful management of Mr. Sorley. We recently saw a well-
flowered specimen of this variety in the collection of R. H.
Measures, Esq., Streatham, with spikes twenty-four inches
long. The flowers are produced in September. — Java.
S. CCeleste, Rchb.f. — The habit of this new species is similar
to that of S. curvifolium, with the inflorescence short, three to
four inches long, and densely flowered. The blunt cuneate
oblong sepals and petals are tipped with sky-blue, the com-
pressed blunt recurved spur has a blue tint on both sides
of its centre, and the rhombic anterior part of the lip is also
sky-blue ; while two falcate subulate bodies rise from the
apex inside the spur. Flowered by Sir Trevor Lawrence,
Bart., M.P. — Native Country not stated, j)rQhahly Moulmein.
Stn. — Rhynchostylis ccelesfis.
SACCOLABIUM. 565
S. CUrvifolium, Lindleij. — A handsome compact-habited
dwarf-growing species, with a short erect stem from six inches
to a foot in height, clothed with distichous Unear acutely
praemorse deflexed light green channelled leaves, and bearing
erect axillary racemes of small crowded cinnabar red flowers.
It is a free-flowering kind, and blooms in May and June. It
will thrive well on a block suspended from the roof. — East
Indies.
Fig. — Bot. Mag., t. 5326 (as miniatum — f. Batem.) ; Batem., 2nd Cent.
Orch. PI., t. 130; Illust. Hort., t. 493 j Orchid Album, iii. t. 107; Puydt,
Les Orch., t. 38.
S. CUryifolium luteum, Hort. — A somewhat rare plant, in
habit resembling the preceding ; the flowers, however, instead
of being orange-scarlet, are clear yellow, which renders it very
distinct from the ordinary form. — Moulmein.
S. furcatum, Hort. — A distinct and fine species, which
grows somewhat slowly, and has stout leaves about eight
inches long. The flowers of this are more laxly set on the
spike than in S. guttatum, and are of a white colour spotted
with rose. It blooms during July and August, and continues
in perfection three weeks. — India ; Java.
S. giganteuiQ, Lindley. — A very beautiful free-blooming
species, which has deliciously sweet-scented flowers ; it
blooms in winter, and will last in full beauty for six weeks
during the dull weather of that season. The stem is short,
erect ; and the broadly lorate obliquely bilobed leaves, about a
foot long and three inches in width, are stout in texture, and
streaked on the surface. The flowers are produced in long
dense drooping racemes from the axils of the leaves, the
sepals and petals being white spotted with amethyst, the
wedge-shaped dilated lip of a beautiful mauve-violet. The
column is greenish. — Burmah.
¥lG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5635; Jennings, Orch., t. 8; Flore des Serres, tt.
1765—6 ; Orchid Album, ii. t. 66.
Syn, — Vanda densijlora.
S. giganteuin illustre, Bchh. /. — A splendid variety of the
old favourite *S'. yvjanteum, in which the leaves are longer and
broader, and have more prominent veins ; the raceme of
flowers is longer, the individual flowers are larger, and also
set more loosely on the rachis, the colours are richer, the
ots at the tip of the sepals and petals are larger, and the
lip is altogether of a richer brighter hue. In other respects
566 ORCHID- grower's manual.
it is similar to the Burmese variety. It flowers during the
winter months. — Cochin China.
Fig.— nimt. Hort., 3 ser., t. 517.
S. guttatum, Lindley. — A remarkably handsome species,
which, according to Reichenbach, forms one of many varieties
included by him under the name of Rhynchostylis retusa.
The stems are short, furnished with distichous arcuate
leathery channelled leaves, a foot long, unequally truncate
at the end, and of a dark green colour. The floral
racemes are cylindi-aceous and arcuate, as long as the leaves.
It blossoms from May to August, and remains three or four
weeks in perfection, if removed to a cooler house, and kept
free from damp. The flowers are closely set, so as to form
massive wreaths of blossoms ; the sepals and petals are
ovate ; the petals narrower, waxy white, spotted with deep
rosy purple ; the lip is small, its front lobe lanceolate inflexed,
wholly purple, its spur truncately conical compressed, pubes-
cent inside. There are two or three varieties of this species,
which makes one of the finest of all plants for exhibition.
Some remarkable specimens of it were shown in the year
1850, with from twenty to twenty-five spikes of flowers on
each. — India ; Java.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 4108 ; Bot. Reg., t. 1443 ; Puydt, Les Orch., 227, fig.
230 ; Be Vriese, JllusL, t. 14 ; Gard. Chron., 1845, 364, with fig. ; Id., N.S.,
i. 219, fig. 55 (specimen plant) ; Hart. Parad., ii. t. 3 ; Blume, Tabell., 49.
Syn. — Aerides guttatum ; A. retusum; Epidendrum retusum ; Limodorum
reiusum; Sarcanthus guttatm ; Rhynchostylis retusa guttata ; R. guttata,
S. guttatum giganteum, Hort. — A magnificent variety of
S. guttatum, having the leaves longer and spotted ; the
racemes are also much longer, and the flowers more distinct
in the markings. It makes a superb exhibition plant, as it
blooms in June and July, and will last three or four weeks in
perfection. — India.
S, guttatum Holfordianum, Williams. — This splendid
variety is one of the finest yet obtained. The leaves are
broader than those of the ordinary form of S. guttatum, and
more prsemorse at the ends ; the flower spikes are also much
larger and longer, and the flowers of a richer colour than in
those of the kind just named, the lip in the present form
being a rich crimson. This was bloomed first by R, S.
Holford, Esq., Weston Birt, Gloucestershire,! in compliment
to whom it is named. — India.
FiQ.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI., ii. 1. 18.
SACCOLABIUM. 567
S. Hendersonianuni, Bchb. f. — This small compact-growiug
species is very distinct, and makes a pretty subject either for
a basket or block. The hgulate keeled distichous leaves are
about six inches long, of a lively green ; and the erect racemes
are produced from the axils of the leaves, and bear numerous
flowers, which are of a beautiful rose colour, with a compressed
white lip, reduced to little besides the spur. R. H. Measures,
Esq., of Streatham, grows this plant to great perfection, and
flowers it freely. — Borneo.
FJG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6222.
S. Huttoni. — See Aerides Thibautianum,
S. miniatum, Lbulley. — A pretty distinct small-growing
Orchid, not so showy as some of the other species, but well
deserving attention on account of its distinct colour. It has
short erect stems, clothed with lorate channelled distichous
leaves obliquely truncate at the apex, and short spreading
cylindraceous racemes of small but gay red-orange flowers,
which are produced in March and April, and last three weeks
in beauty. This will do well on a block of wood without
moss. A variety called S. miniatum citrinuin, said to be
from the Philippine Islands, has the flowers of a lemon yellow
with a dark centre, which probably indicates the mouth of the
spur. — Java.
'SlG.—Bot. Reg., 1847, t. 58.
S. prsemorsuin, Hart. — A very lovely form, which would
appear to be one of the many variations referred to by
Eeichenbach, under his Rhynchostylis retusa. The leaves
are stout and fleshy, broad, dark green, prsemorse at the end,
and the racemes are long and dense, the flowers white, thinly
spotted with lilac. It blooms in May and June, and lasts
three weeks in perfection. A slow-growing kind, which
makes a fine exhibition plant. There has been a variety
imported which is freer in growth, produces much finer
spikes, and is altogether superior to the form first introduced.
— Malabar.
¥lQ.—Gard. Mag. Bof., i. 253, with fig.; Flore des Serres, vii. 92,
with fig.
S. retusum, Hort. — A fine handsome free-growing form,
and probably like the last one of the many varieties of Bhyn-
vhostylis retusa indicated by Eeichenbach when treating of
this species. It is more robust in habit than most other
568 orchid-growkr's manual.
forms, blooms in May and June, and produces in great
abundance long racemes of flowers, which are waxy white,
beautifully spotted with pink. These continue in perfection
three or four weeks. It is a useful plant, and one which
comes into bloom rather earlier than any of the other kinds.
— Java.
Fig.— Flore des Serres, tt. 1463—4.
S. Turneri, Williams. — This is the finest Saccolabiiun
which has come under our notice. The leaves are about a
foot long, and one and a half inch broad, the end of the leaf
having a distinct praemorse termination. The floral racemes
are fully two feet long, and are densely covered with its
beautiful lilac-spotted flowers. It is much handsomer than the
varieties of S. guttatum, and was first flowered by W. Turner,
Esq., of Winsford, and exhibited by him under the name of
S. prcBinorsuni, but it is far superior to that species, both in
the brilliant colouring of its flowers and the great length of
its spikes. The original plant was exhibited at the Man-
chester Show in June, 1878, and bore four spikes, each two
feet in length, of its handsome blossoms ; it was then awarded
the first prize as a specimen Orchid, and was the admiration
of every one who saw it. It flowers in June. — India.
S. Tiolaceuni, Lindley. — This magnificent species is one of
those referred by some authors to the genus lihynchosUjlis of
Blume. The stems are erect, stoutish, thickly clothed with
the recurved distichous foliage ; the leaves are a foot or more
in length, and two inches in breadth, of a rich deep green,
somewhat striated with lines of a deeper colour ; and from
the leaf-axils are produced the showy racemes, twelve to
fifteen inches in length, in which the flowers are very
numerous, the sepals and petals pure white, spotted with
mauve, and the lip dark mauve, marked with deeper coloured
lines. It generally blooms in January and February, and
lasts four or five weeks in perfection if kept from the damp.
The plant succeeds in a pot well drained, and surfaced with
a little growing sphagnum moss. — Manilla.
¥iQ.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, i. t. 14; Puydt, Les Orch., t. 39 (poor).
SVN. — Vanda violacea; Rhynchostylis violacea.
S. Tiolaceum Harrisonianum, Williams. — A beautiful
white-flowered variety of S. violaceum. It is a stout-growing
plant, with erect stems, bearing distichous leaves, which are
SCHLIMMIA. 5G9
broadly oblong, keekcl beneath, striated, and unequally
bilobed at the apex, but of a somewhat lighter green colour
than in the typical S. violaceum. It produces dense axillary
racemes, sometimes as much as two feet long, of large pure
white blossoms, which are remarkably sweet-scented, and as
these are produced in the winter season they become doubly
valuable on that account. — Piilo Copang, an island in the
Chinese Seas.
'FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5433 ; Flore des Serres, t. 2412.
Byn. — <S. Barrisonianum.
SCHLIMMIA, Planchon.
{Tribe Yandete, subtribe Maxillarieas.)
A small genus of epiphytal plants, having oblong subfusi-
form one-leaved pseudobulbs, and erect simple spikes of
largish flowers, the dorsal sepal of which is narrow, and the
lateral ones broad and united to form an ample saccate chin,
while the lip is small and included. There are three nearly
related described species, all found on the Colombian Andes.
Culture. — These desirable atd curious plants succeed well
in the Cattleya house, grown in a pot with good drainage.
S. triflda, Echb. f. — This is a very curious species, and
well worth cultivation. In growth it resembles a Stanhopea,
having a cluster of elongate-ovate pseudobulbs, each fur-
nished with a solitary oblong acute membranaceous leaf,
narrowed into a petiole at the base. The peduncle is lateral,
drooping, deep purple, bearing a one-sided raceme of about
four flowers of thick texture, and of which the ligulate dorsal
sepal is turned downwards, and the lateral sepals are sac-
cately connate into a helmet-like form, waxy white, with a
few purple spots inside ; the linear acute petals are bent out-
wards, and the lip has a pandurate hypochil trifid at the
apex, which is white marked with rich orange, the epichil
being lance-shaped. It is a great acquisition on account of
its delicious perfume and its rarity ; the perfume is said to be
between that of jasmine and bergamot. — Neiv Grenada.
YiG.—Gard. Chron., N.S., vii. 141, fier. 22.
570 OECHID-GEOWEIi's MANUAL.
SCHOMBUEGKIA, Lindley.
{Tribe Epidendrese, svbtribe Laeliese.)
Of this epiphytal genus but few of the species are desirable
for cultivation where space is at all limited, for though the
blossoms of many of them are individually very attractive,
they are too shy in flowering, and as a rule they produce long
spikes with but very few blossoms on them. In growth they
resemble Cattleija or Lalia, except that they are less com-
pact. The stems are erect, fusiform, twelve inches or more
in length, with generally from one to three leaves on the
top ; and the flower scapes proceed from their apex, and
are from three to five feet long. The flowers are large, with
spreading sepals and petals, which are more or less undu-
lated, and the lip is erect, shortly connate with the base of
the column, which is loosely enfolded by its side lobes, the
central lobe being roundish or bluntly two lobed, flat, or
sometimes wavy. About a dozen species natives of Tropical
America are known. Those mentioned below may be recom-
mended for cultivation.
Culture. — They succeed in the Cattleya house on blocks,
or in baskets suspended from the roof, in moss or moss and
peat mixed together, or they may be grown in pots equally
well if that system is preferred. A liberal supply of water is
necessary during the growing season ; but after they have
completed their growth, water should be withheld until they
begin to show flower. Propagation is effected by parting the
stems.
S. crispa, Lindley. — A pretty species, with fusiform stems
a foot high, bearing at the top two or three large oblong-
lanceolate leathery leaves, and from the base of the upper
leaf a bracteated peduncle from three to five feet long, at the
SCHOMBL'EGKIA. 671
apex of which is produced a broad crowded raceme of browu
flowers, the oblong sepals and petals of which have a yellow
undulated margin ; the ovate oblong obtuse obscurely three-
lobed lip is white. In the form figured in the Botanical
Magazine the sepals and petals are wholly of a dull brick red.
The plant does best in a pot or basket, and will grow to a
considerable size ; it blooms during winter, and will last three
weeks in perfection if the flowers are kept dry. — Demerara.
Fm. -Sertum Orch., t. 10 ; Bot. Beg., 1844, t. 23 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3729.
S. Lyonsi, LimUey. — A handsome kind, the "prettiest of
the genus." The stems grow about a foot in height, and
from their apex are produced the leathery leaves, which are
like those of *S'. crispa, and the tall flower scapes, which grow
three or four feet long, and bear a broad raceme of numerous
long-stalked flowers, the pedicels of which are yellow and
deflexed at the tip, and the flowers themselves have obtuse
ovate crispy sepals and petals, white, marked thickly with
parallel transverse purple bars and spots on each side of the
centre, and a smaller, acute lip, scarcely spotted, white edged
with yellow. It will succeed either on a block or in a basket
suspended from the roof, and lasts in bloom three weeks. —
Jamaica.
Fig.— Bo^ Mag., t. 5172 ; Flo)-e des Serres, t. 2130.
S. tiWcinis, Boteman. — The most beautiful species of the
genus, a truly noble and most effective plant. The stems are
conical in outline, horn-shaped, annulate, furrowed, a foot and
a half long, hollow, and of ample size when well grown — indeed
it will not flower until the stems become strong ; they bear at
top two or three oblong leathery spreading leaves, and a ter-
minal panicle of many flowers on a scape five feet or more in
length. These flowers measure more than two inches across ;
the sepals and petals are oblong obtuse, wavy, pink spotted
with rich chocolate, the lip white with rose colour on the
large erect side lobes. Its usual time of blooming is May
and June, and it will keep flowering for six weeks. We have
found it to grow best on a block, with plenty of heat and
moisture during the growing season. The variety grandiflora
has larger and more handsomely coloured flowers, the sepals
and petals palish purple, deeper and redder on the inner
surface, especially towards the ends, the lip with the side lobes
purplish towards the edges outside, orange streaked with
572 okchid-gkower's manual.
j)urple within, the disk white, and the front lobe white stained
with yellow and bordered with purple. — Honduras.
Fig.— Bof. Mag., t. 4476 (grandiflora) ; Batem., Orch. Mex. et Guat., t. 30 ;
Bot. Reg., 1845, it. 30 (grandiflora) ; Flore des Serves, t. 49 (grandiflora) ;
Orchid Album, v. t. 205.
Syn. — Eindendrum tibicinis.
SCUTICARIA, Lindhy.
{Tribe Vandese, suhtribe Maxillariese.)
A small genus of curious epiphytal plants, producing very
short fleshy one-leaved stems, the leaves being very long,
fleshy, subterete, furrowed, continuous with the stem. The
scapes are one-flowered, about two inches high, and grow
from the side of the stem, the flowers themselves being very
handsome. The sepals and petals are erecto-patent, the
lateral sepals adnate with the foot of the column forming a
prominent chin, and the lip is sessile, articulated, broad and
concave, the lateral lobes large, erect, the middle one smaller
and spreading. Two or three species are known, all from
Tropical America.
Culture. — The Scuticarias will do in the Cattleya or East
India house, and may be grown either on blocks or in baskets
with moss, a liberal supply of water being necessary at the
roots in the growing season. They are propagated by
dividing the plants just as they begin to grow.
S. DodgSOni, Williams. — A very distinct and handsome
species. The leaves are terete, a foot or more in length,
and of a dark green colour. The peduncle is short, bearing
two flowers ; the sepals and petals light brown inside, darker
at the base, and blotched with light yellow ; the lip white,
cup-shaped, beautifully streaked with light rose and yellow. —
Said to have been introduced from Demerara.
S. Hadwenii, Hort. — A pretty and rare Orchid, whose few
cylindrical fleshy roots grow from a short knotty rhizome,
which also produces from a sheathing swollen base the terete
SOBEALIA. 573
leaves, a foot and a half long, acute at top, and furrowed on
the inner face. The scapes are erect, each hearing one
flower, which has oblong spreading sharply acuminate sepals
and petals of a pale yellow green irregularly blotched with
dark brown, and a large obovate cucullate hp, white marked
with flesh-coloured longitudinal spots, downy inside, and
having an oblong crest, three-toothed in front. The plant is
very much like S. Steelii, only the flowers of S. Hadiccnii
are more erect, and the scape is an inch or two higher. —
Brazil.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 4629 ; More des Serres, t. 731.
Stn. — Bifrenaria Eadwenii,
S. Steelii, Lindley. — A handsome epiphytal plant of peculiar
habit. The branching rhizome, which is ebulbous, bears on
each branch a solitary terete channelled flagelliform leaf as
thick as a swan's quill and two to four feet long, tapering
to a fine point. The scape is one to three-flowered, the
flowers large, fragrant, pale primrose yellow blotched with
reddish brown, and the lip is three-lobed, pale yellow, striately
marked with brownish crimson, especially on the lateral lobes,
the crest being oblong with three orange-coloured teeth in
front. It produces its blossoms at difierent times of the year,
lasting a long time in perfection. — British Guiana.
Fig.— Bot. Reg., t. 1986 ; Orchid Album, ii. t. 55 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3573.
&ys.—MaxiUaria Steelii.
SOBEALIA, FiUiz and Pa von.
{Tribe Neottiese, subtribe Yanillese.)
This genus contains some very handsome species which
are quite distinct from most other Orchids in habit and general
aspect. They are all strong free-growing terrestrial plants,
the long slender reed-like stems furnished with dark green
plaited sheathing leaves, and bearing at their summit large
showy flowers, as many as six or more being produced from a
single stem, but rarely having more than one expanded at one
time. The blossoms in most of the species are very large
and brilliantly-coloured ; and, although individually they
last but a short time, this is compensated for by the quick
574 oechid-grower's manual.
succession of new flowers, for as soon as one decays another
appears. The sepals are subequal, erect, connate at the base,
the patals similar or broader, the lip erect from the base of the
column, around which its lateral lobes are folded, the limb
concave, undulated or fimbriate, undivided or two-lobed, and
the column elongate and subincurved. There are about thirty
species, found in the Andes of Tropical America, from Peru
to Mexico.
Culture. — The East Indian or Mexican house will either of
them suit these plants, which thrive best in pots of large size
potted in rough fibrous peat, in which they grow best, and
which should overlie about three inches of drainage. An
abundant supply of water at the roots in the growing season
is essential to their well-being, but afterwards much less will
suffice. The stems grow up in thick tufts, and when the
plants get too large, they should be turned out of the pot,
and divided into several pieces, each of which will soon grow
and make a flowering plant. The genus is far too much
neglected by Orchid growers.
S. leuCOXantlia, Pichh. /. — A handsome species, allied to
5. viacrophylla, but dwarfish in habit, the stems being a
foot or more in height, and the plicate leaves cuneate oblong
elongately acuminate, with the nervose sheaths marked by
black warts. The bracts of the spathe are acute congested,
scariose spotted with brown, and from between them issue the
flowers, which are as large as those of S. Fenzliana, the oblong
ligulate apiculate recurved sepals white, the somewhat shorter
and broader petals also white, and the lip white outside, deep
golden yellow flushed with orange in the throat and disk,
passing ofi" to white at the edge, oblong flabellate, convolute
at the base round the thick clavate column, which is half its
length, the expanded front portion bilobed and crennlate in
front. A plant which blossomed at the Priory, St. Helen's,
Isle of Wight, during August last, appears to correspond with
this, but the lip in the present case was very much undulated
at the margin. — Costa Puca.
SOBEALIA. 575
S. Liliastnim, Lindley. — A distinct and handsome species,
■with stems eight to ten feet high, furnished with lanceolate
very acute striated leaves with a vaginate base, and ter-
minal distichous many-flowered racemes with spathaceous
bracts, the flowers large, pendulous, white with yellow veins,
produced in Jaly and August ; they, however, last but a
short time in beauty. There are two varieties of this plant,
one much better than the other. Dr. Lindley refers also
to a bright rose-coloured form the lip having white veins,
which is that figured in the Sertimi. — British Guiana ;
Bahia.
Fig.— Sertiim Orch., t. 29.
S TN. — Epidendrum Liliastrum,
S. macrantlia, Lindley. — A remarkably handsome species,
no doubt the finest of the genus. The stems are six to eight
feet high, with oval acuminate plicate leaves, and short
racemes of flowers, the flowers being individually large, six
inches across, aromatic, of a beautiful rich purple and crimson,
the sepals oblong, the petals broader and crispy in the upper
part, and the lip folded round the column at the base, very
broad at the roundish bilobed apex, and wavy at the edge,
having a pale yellowish spot in the centre. It blooms during
the summer months, producing the blossoms succession ally,
each flower lasting three days in perfection. This makes a
fine plant for exhibition. — Mexico ; Guatemala.
FiG.—Bot.Mng., t. 4446; Batem., Orch. Mex. et Guat, t. 87; Paxton,
Mag. Hot, xiv. 241, with tab. ; Moore, 111. Orch. Fl., Sobralia 2 ; Flore des
Serves, t. 669.
S. macrantha pallida, Hoi-t.— Awerj distinct variety, having
large flowers, seven inches across, of a beautiful pale rose
colour ; the lip nearly white. It blooms during the summer
months, and continues a long time in perfection. — Gua-
temala.
S. macrantlia splendens, Hort. — A charming variety which
has darker flowers than those of S. macrantlia, but they are
not so large ; they are produced from June to August. There
is a form of this called " Woolley's " variety, which is very
dwarf in habit, and produces magnificent flowers in June and
July. — Guatemala.
S. rosea, Poppig and Enll. — A very fine specie?, with a
576 orchid-grower's manual.
stout stem four to six feet high, furnished with oval acu-
minate leaves, and very large flowers in a short raceme borne
on a flexuose rachis with lai'ge boat-shaped bracts, the sepals
and petals dark mauve, the lip, which is very open, crimson
with a white centre. The plant will produce four flowers on
a spike, open at the same time, and thus makes a gi'and
display, while unlike many of the others, it remains in bloom
a considerable time. — New Grenada.
'PlG.—Pdpp. et End!., Nnv. Gen. et Sp., i. t. 93 (rosea) ; Xenia Orch., i.
t. 42 (Ruekeri) ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, iii. t. 19; Pui/dt, Les Orch., t. 40.
Syw.— /S', Ruekeri.
S. xantholeuca, Hort. — A very rare and handsome species
of distinct character, which was flowered by Mr. Hill, gardener
to the late R. Hanbury, Esq., The Poles, Ware, and sub-
sequently by Mr. Palmer, gardener to T. N. Powell, Esq.,
Drinkstone Park, Sufiblk, by whom it was purchased for
S. macrantha. It has the usual reed-like stems, with lanceo-
late acuminate plaited leaves, the sheaths of which are
dotted with brown, and large handsome deflexed flowers with
oblong-lanceolate sepals, broader petals wavy at the edge,
both of a pale or sulphur yellow, and a longer emarginate lip,
which is very much frilled and of a deeper yellow. — Native
Country not stated.
Fig. — Garden, xxii. t. 366.
SOPHEONITIS, Lindley.
( Tribe Epidendrese, suUribe LEelieae.)
A small genus of dwarf-growing tufted Orchids, some of the
species of which are very beautiful. On this ground, as well
as on that of their occupying but little space, most of those
which are known are worth cultivating, They are evergreen
plants, producing their flowers in short few-flowered racemes
or solitary from the top of the pseudobulbs, which are small,
clustered, and furnished each with one or two leathery or
fleshy leaves. The broad-petalled flowers are very show}'.
There are four or five species recorded from the Organ
Mountains of Brazil.
SOPHRONITIS. 577
Culture. — These pretty little plants thrive best on blocks
of wood, or in small baskets, with a moderate supply of heat
and moisture all the year round. They are propagated by
dividing the plants just as they begin to grow.
S. cernua, Lindley. — A remarkably small epiphyte found
on trees, and attaining a height of about three inches, growing
amongst the moss. It has short two-edged stems (scarcely
pseudobulbs) sheathed with scales, produced on a creeping
rhizome, each bearing a solitary oval apiculate leaf rather
more than an inch long, and a short eifuse axillary raceme of
small rosy red flowers, yellowish in the centre ; the column
is white, with dark purple wings. It blooms during the
winter, lasting long in beauty. — Brazil.
T<'lG.—Bot. Mag., t. 3677 ; Bot. Reg., t. 1129 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard., iii. 10, fig.
236.
SrN. — S. Hoffmannseggii ; S. nutans.
S. COCCinea, Rchb. f. — An exceedingly beautiful species,
with short oval terete stems, each bearing a single oblong
acute dark green leaf, about three inches in length, and
solitary flowers upwards of three inches in diameter, of stout
substance, and of a brilliant scarlet or cinnabar colour ; the
sepals are linear- oblong obtuse, the petals three times as
broad, and the undivided lip ovate cucullate at the base.
Dr. Lindley included this plant under 8. yrandiftora. It
blooms during the winter months, and should be either grown
on a block with a little moss attached, or in a small basket
with moss and a little peat, and suspended from the roof. —
Brazil.
Fig.— Flore des Serres, t. 1716.
Syn. — Cattleya coccinea.
S. grandiflora, Lindley. — A truly handsome species, the
finest of the genus, the flowers of which are large, and of a
beautiful scarlet colour, lasting six weeks or more in per-
fection. The pseudobulbs are oblong cylindraceous, bearing
one elliptic leaf, and a solitary flower fully three inches
across, with oblong-lanceolate sepals and roundish elliptic
petals of a bright cinnabar or deep crimson, and a three-
lobed lip, the side lobes of which are incurved, and the
acuminate front lobe flat, all these parts yellow with bright
red streaks. This plant, which blooms in November and
578
ORCHID- GROWER S MANUAL.
December, ought to be in every collection. Two varieties of
it are grown, the one producing short obtuse leaves, with
exceedingly brilliant-coloured flowers, the other with the
leaves and pseudobulbs longer ; this latter appears to be the
same as S. coccinea. Mr. Warner's figure represents forms
with vermilion and crimson flowers respectively. — Organ
Mountains.
YiQ.—Sertum Orch., t. 5 ; Bot. Mag., t 3709 ; Moore, III. Orch. PI, Soph-
ronitis, 1 ; Jennings, Orch., t. 5 ; Floral Mag., t. 329 ; Wai-ner, Sel. Orch. PL,
iii. t. 3 (two forms) ; Puydt, Les Orch., t. 41 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., ix. 193,
with tab. 5 Hart. Parad., i. t. 15 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard., iii. 10, fig. 237.
SOPHRONITIS GRANDIFLORA.
S. violacea, Lindley. — A pretty and distinct species, having
small oval pseudobulbs, each bearing a solitary linear dark
green leaf longer than the one-flowered scape, which pro-
duces during the winter months violet-coloured flowers,
which last long in beauty. — Organ Mountains.
YiG.—Paxt. Fl. Gard, iii. 11,
238.
StANHOPEA, Frost.
{Tribe Vandese, suhtribe Stanliopieas.)
A genus of beautiful epiphytes, the majority of which have
ovate furrowed pseudobulbs, bearing each at their summit a
large dark green plaited leaf, some twelve inches or more
lonff, and six or more inches broad ; and from their base a
STA.NHOPEA. 579
deflexed or drooping scape furnished with several large
curiously formed flowers, thick and waxy in texture, in most
of the kinds highly coloured, and emitting a very strong per-
fume ; unfortunately, they remain but a few days in perfection,
which has probably led many Orchid growers to relinquish
their culture — a circumstance which is much to be regretted,
as they are free-flowering plants, and consequently a succession
of blooms keeps them gay for a considerable time. The
flowers have free spreading sepals and petals, and a very
thick fleshy lip, which is variable and remarkable in structure,
the hinder portion, constituting what is called the hypochil,
being usually saccate, a middle part, called the mesochil,
being often two-horned, and the anterior portion or epichil
being more or less movable. Sometimes one or other of these
parts is deficient, and rarely they are all blended into a kind
of slipper. They all come from Tropical America, some
twenty or more species being known. We shall only mention
a few of the best sorts, though there are many others well
deserving a place in an Orchid collection, especially where
room is not an object.
Culture. — Stanhopeas are of easy culture. They are best
grown in baskets with sphagnum moss, and suspended from
the roof ; they require a hberal supply of water in the growing
season, and plenty of shade. The baskets should be made
shallow, and open at the bottom and sides, so that the flower
scapes may easily find their way through. After their growth
is completed they are the better for a good period of rest,
during which they should be kept nearly dry at the roots.
They will grow well in either the East Indian or Brazilian
house. These plants are subject to the attacks of the red
spider and the thrips, to prevent which the leaves should be
well syringed whenever the weather is hot and dry with
clean tepid water.
B B 2
580 oechid-growek's manual.
S. BuceplialllS, Lindley. — A beautiful species, certainly one
of the richest coloured in the whole family. It has small
ovate ribbed pseudobulbs, each producing one stalked oblong
acuminate plicate leaf, and a deflexed raceme of several large
showy flowers, which are of a rich tawny orange, with large
blood-red blotches, and in which the hypochil is boat-shaped,
the mesochil is bicomute, and the epichil is roundish ovate
and cuspidate. Dr. Lindley makes two varieties, one with
pale rich yellow flowers, with purple dots and small blotches
everywhere except on the hypochil ; and the other (guttata)
with the sepals, petals, and hypochil deep apricot, with four
brown blotches on the hypochil and also on each petal. The
flowers are usually produced about the month of August ; and,
like most of those in this family, they emit a powerful and
fragrant odour. — Peru; Ecuador.
FiG.—Bot. Reg., 1845, t. 24 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5278 ; Moore, III. Orch. PL,
Stanhopea 2 ; Hmnb. et Bonpl. PL jEquin., t. 27.
Syn. — Epidendrum grandiforum ; Anguloa grandiflora.
S. Devoniensis, Lindley. — This beautiful species has ovate
ribbed pseudobulbs, lanceolate plaited shortly stalked pale
green leaves, and two-flowered peduncles. The flowers, which
are produced during July and August, are extremely sweet-
scented, pale creamy yellow, thickly blotched with irregular
spots of deep crimson-purple, the markings on the petals and
dorsal sepal taking the form of bold transverse bars near the
base ; the lip is whitish spotted with purple, the hypochil
subglobose, with a deep purple stain over the lower half,
the mesochil short two-horned, and the epichil obtuse-angled,
rhomboid, obsoletely three-toothed at the end. It is dis-
tinguished from S. tigrina, which it resembles, by its slightly
divided epichil. — Peru.
Fie. — Sertum Orch., t. 1 ; Fl. des Serres, t. 974 ; Puydt, Les Orch., t. 42.
S. gibbosa, Pichh. f. — A very fine and distinct species,
flowering in June and July. The plant is in the way of S.
Wardii, and bears very large flowers, about six inches in
diameter, and of a dull yellow barred and blotched with dull
crimson, this colouring assuming a much darker hue in the
sepals ; the hypochil is incurved, keeled on each side, the
mesochil is furnished with falcate ligulate horns, and the
epichil is oblong acute. This plant was well bloomed in
1883 by Mr. Peacock of Hammersmith, and Mr. Wallis, of
Balham, who had a plant bearing five spikes of flowers. —
Native Country not stated.
STANHOPEA. 581
S. grandiflora, Lindley. — A distinct and pleasing species.
The plant has ovate farrowed pseudobulbs, broad lanceolate
plaited leaves, and short pendent scapes, bearing the very large
flowers, which are fully six inches in diameter and very
fragrant, pure white except a few crimson dots on the basal
and middle parts of the lip ; the hypochil is roundish, two-
horned in front, the mesochil solid truncate hornless but
obsoletely tridentate, and the epichil ovate. The column is
much elongated. It blooms at different times of the year,
and lasts about three days in perfection. — Trinidad.
FiG.—Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1414 ; Maund, Botanist, iv. t. 176.
SYS.—Ceratochilus grandijlorus,
S. insignis, Frost. — This is the original StanJiopea, and a
very handsome plant it is. The pseudobulbs are clustered,
ovate, furrowed, with a broadly lanceolate dark green plicate
shortly stalked leaf, and a drooping spike of three or four large
showy fragrant flowers.
The flowers are of a pale
dull yellow, whitish or
creamy towards the tips,
and dotted with purple on
the inner face, the spots
being many of them ocel-
late ; the lip is whitish
spotted with purple, the
hypochil being in addition
deeply stained with purple ; stanhopea insignis.
the hypochil is globose,
split in front, the mesochil bears falcate incurved horns, and
the epichil is roundish ovate entire. The column is remark-
able for its broad winged margin. The flowers are produced
in August and September. There is a variety named flava
by Dr. Lindley which has yellowish flowers, and is unusually
sweet-scented. — Brazil.
¥iO.— Bot. Mag., tt. 2948—9 ; Bot. Reg., t. 1837 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1985 ;
Rchb. Fl. Exot., t. 265.
S. Martiana, Bateman. — A magnificent species, quite dis-
tinct in character and appearance. The pseudobulbs are ovate
and furrowed, the leaves lanceolate plicately venose, and the
peduncles two-flowered ; the sepals are very pale straw-
coloured sparingly marked with small vinous spots, the petals
white with larger spots, and a broad blotch of crimson at the
582 okchid-growek's manual.
base of each, and the lip white ; the hypochil is short, scroti-
form, the mesochil short with cirrhose horns, the epichil ob-
long-linear, obscurely three-toothed, and the column pubescent.
It blooms during the autumn. — Mexico.
'EiG.—Batem. Orch. Mex. et Guat, tt. 1, 27 ; Bot. Reg., 1843, t. 44 (bicolor) ;
Moore, 111. Orch. PI, Stanhopea 5 ; Flore des Serres, tt. 2112—3.
Syn.— ^. implicata.
S. OCUlata, Lindley. — A free-flowering and extremely showy
species. It has small ovate furrowed pseudobulbs, each of which
bears at the top a large broadly lanceolate nervose leaf, and from
the base a peduncle supporting half a dozen large and hand-
somely spotted blossoms in a drooping raceme. The flowers
are of a lemon-yellow, the sepals covered with a large number
of lilac spots, often annular, the petals less thickly spotted,
the centre yellow, with two or sometimes four large blackish
brown patches on the side of the hypochil, which is elongately
boat-shaped, as if unguiculate, the mesochil having two fleshy
horns, and the epichil being ovate entire. There are many
varieties, most of which are very sweet-scented. One called
Lindleyi has the flowers dull wine-red and but little spotted,
and is probably the same as S. oculata Barkeriana. The
species blooms from July to November. — Mexico.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5300 ; Bot. Reg., i. 1800 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1764 ;
Garten flora, t. 189 (crocea).
Syn. — Ceratochilus oculatus.
S. tigrina, Bateman. — The handsomest of the species, and
the most attractive, whether its strange form, singular mark-
ings, or powerful odour are concerned ; the latter has been
compared to a mixture of melon and vanilla. The pseudo-
bulbs are ovate, furrowed, and support a large broadly lan-
ceolate deep green plaited leaf. The peduncle supports a
pendent raceme of three or four very large flowers, eight
inches in diameter, deep orange yellow, the sepals longi-
tudinally barred and blotched with sanguineous purple, the
petals sparingly spotted with the same, and the lip with a
roundish yellow hypochil having radiating toothed lamellae
within the cavity, a two-horned mesochil, and an oval trifid
epichil, the two latter parts whitish spotted with purple. It
blooms in July, August, and September. The variety nigro-
violacea, with the whole flower deep brown-purple except the
edges of the sepals and petals and the upper half of the lip,
is very handsome. It is figured by Morren in Ann. de Gand.,
i. t. 21. — Mexico.
YiG.—Batem. Orch. Mex. et Guat., t. 7 ; Bot, Mag., t. 4197 ; Bot. Reg.,
STANHOPEA.
583
1839, t. 1 ; Moore, 111 Orch. PI, Stanhopea, 4 ; Flore des Serres, tt. 713
— 715 (superba) ; ffart. Farad., i. t. 6.
Syn. — Maxillaria lyncea ; Anguloa Eernandezii.
S. tigrina lutescens, Williams.— Ihis is a fine variety, with
the very large and handsome flowers of a briUiant yellow,
inclining to orange, and barred with deep chocolate. It blooms
at the same time as S. tigrina, and makes a grand plant for
exhibition on account of its bold showy flowers. — Guatemala;
Central America : Chiriqui; New Grenada.
S. Wardii, Loddiges. — One of the most beautiful of the
species, remarkable for its brilliancy and for the delicious
of its flowers. It
s\v
has oblong-ovate furrowed
pseudobulbs, broad acumi-
nate plicate leaves, and
drooping racemes of several
showy flowers, of which the
sepals and petals are golden
yellow dotted with purple
over great part of their sur-
face, and the lip is pale yel-
low, with two large dark
velvety purple spots on the
deep yellow oblong depressed
hypochil, reflecting a silvery
light as if frosted ; the meso-
chil has two fleshy horns
dotted with purple, and the
epichil is roundish ovate acute
with two semiterete falcate
subcirrhose horns, also thickly spotted with purple. — Guate-
tnala.
'FiG.—Sertum Orch., t. 20 ; Bat. Mag. t. 5289 ; Knowles and Wesfc. Floral
Cab., t. 90.
S. "Wardii aurea, Lindley. — A very beautiful variety, re-
sembling the type in its general characters, but having flowers
of a deep orange yellow, the hypochil bearing two dark spots
" which are in some manner lost in the flood of yellow that
surrounds them." They are borne during the summer and
autumn months. — The brilliant colour of the large fragrant
blossoms should secure for it a place wherever there is
sufficient space, — Guatemala.
Syn.— >S. aurea.
STANHOPEA WARDII.
584 oechid-grower's manual.
ThuniA, Reichenhach fil.
{Tribe Epidendre^, subtribe Bletiese.)
A small genus of Asiatic Orchids, which are by some autho-
rities included in Phajus, from which genus, however, they
are readily distinguished by their manner of growth, and by
several striking differences, as, for example, by their terete
leafy stems, which grow in fascicles, by their deciduous leaves,
and by their terminal drooping clusters of flowers provided
with large membranaceous bracts. The structure of the flowers
very closely resembles that of Phajus. Professor Keichenbach
refers the genus to the tribe Arethusea, and sums up the
distinctions between it and Phajiis, in these words : —
" Thunias have a terminal inflorescence on the leafy shoots
when Phajuses have their inflorescences and their fascicles
of leaves apart. Thunias have fleshy membraneous leaves,
Phajuses have plaited ones, Thunias have persistent, Phajuses
deciduous bracts. Thunias have four, Phajuses eight pollen
masses. Phajus flowers get blue when dried, Thunias keep
white or get brownish. You can make cuttings of Thunias
as of a Dracaena, try it with Phajuses f' There are some
four or five species found in the Himalayas and in Burmah.
Culture. — The plants belonging to this genus should be grown
in the East Indian house, and be treated liberally with water.
They will grow upon blocks, but pot culture is much the best.
In potting Thunias, the drainage provided should be perfect,
and the potting material should be rough peat and sphagnum
in about equal parts. After the flowers are past and the
leaves have fallen, only just sufficient water should be given
to keep them from shrivelling, and they should be removed
to a lower temperature. Thunias may be propagated by
division, and also by cutting up the old stems into pieces
THUNIA. 585
about six inches long, and inserting them in a pot in the same
manner as ordinary cuttings. This latter operation should be
effected just when the young growths are complete.
T. alba, Rckb. f. — The stems of this handsome species are
terete, usually about two feet high, clothed throughout with
leaves, the lower ones, produced when the stem first begins to
lengthen, broad, round, amplexicaul and scale-like, the upper
ones also stem clasping, oblong-lanceolate acute, some six or
eight inches long, glaucous beneath, falling during the resting
season so as to leave the slender terete stems naked. The
flowers are produced on a short dense terminal nodding raceme
just as growth is finished. The sepals and petals are pure
white, oblong-lanceolate, acute, and nearly equal ; and the lip is
oblong-cucullate, rounded at the apex, where it is denticulated,
white, beautifully pencilled over the disk and front portion
with purple and lilac. The plant under consideration should
be potted in good fibrous peat and sphagnum, and during the
growing season be kept in the East Indian house ; but after
the flowers are faded, water must be gradually diminished
until it is entirely withheld, when the cool house will suit it
best ; care must, however, be taken to prevent its shrivelling
while at rest. It blooms during July and August. — Northern
India; Burmah.
YiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 3991 ; Bot. Reg., 1838, t. 33 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot, v,
126, with tab. ; Wallich, PI. Asiat. Ear., t. 198; Knowles and We'stc. Floral
Cab., t. 1 25.
Stn, — Phajus albus.
T. Bensonise, Hook. fil. — A beautful species, with the
habit and general appearance of T. alba. The stems are
erect, leafy, terete, fascicled, from one to two feet in height,,
their lower parts clothed with broad roundish reflexed leafy
sheaths, which pass upwards into the true leaves ; these are
distichous, from six to ten inches long, green above, slightly
glaucous beneath. The flowers are large, measuring some
two or three inches across, and produced like those of T. alba,,
just when growth is finished, from the top of the stem in
a short scarcely drooping raceme. The sepals and petals are
spreading, oblong-lanceolate, two and a half inches long, open,
bright magenta, becoming white towards the base ; and the
lip is large, open, the side lobes rolled over the column,
magenta in front, white at the base, the central lobe oblong,
B B 3
58G okchid-geower's manual.
closely frilled at the edge, of a rich deep magenta-purple, the
crests forming a broad oblong patch of yellow frilled keels
occupying thn disk. It flowers in June, and makes a fine
plant for exhibition. We saw a spike of this species recently
flowered by Mr. Swan, gardener to W. Leach, Esq., Fallow-
field, Manchester, which bore eighteen flowers — a most unusual
number. — Mountains of Moulmein.
FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5694 ; Jennings, Orch., t. 35 ; Orchid Album, ii. t. 67.
T. DodgSOniana, Williams. — A handsome and distinct species,
with erect terete stems, and oblong-lanceolate acute nervosa
stem-clasping bright green leaves. The flowers are produced
in terminal drooping racemes like those of T. alba, which the
plant resembles in its general aspect, the oblong-lanceolate
acute sepals and petals being pure white, and the lip, which is
denticulate in front, is sulphury white outside, yellow within,
-the throat freely striped with crimson. The lateral sepals
are produced backwards so as to form a short blunt chin
or incipient spur. This plant was exhibited by us at the
Royal Horticultural Society's Meeting in August, 1871, and
was awarded a first-class certificate. — India.
Ym.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 329.
Syn, — Phajus Dodgsoni.
T. Marshalliana, Bckh. f. — A lovely species of free-growing
character. The reed-like stems are erect terete and leafy,
as in the other cultivated species, and the leaves are oblong-
lanceolate acuminate, six inches long, semiamplectant, dis-
tichous, pale green, glaucous beneath. The flowers, which
are produced in June and July, are large, white, with the
lanceolate-oblong acute spreading sepals and petals two
and a half inches long, and the lip white, with the lower
part convolute around the column, streaked with yellow and
purple on the upper side near the front, and produced
behind into a retuse falcate spur, the front part spread out,
roundish, golden-yellow, with numerous forking veins of deep
orange-red covering the whole surface except the extreme
edge, which is white and beautifully frilled ; the disk bears
five yellow raised veins and five shorter ones on each side,
all pectinately fringed with crystalline hairs. It continues to
throw fresh flowers for a long time, and makes a good
exhibition plant, being so distinct from any other Orchid. —
Moulmein.
Fia.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 130 ; Gartenflora, t. 1098.
TKICHOCENTRUM. 587
T. nivalis, Hort. — This plant, which resembles T. alba, has
erect terete stems, seldom exceeding eighteen inches in
height, and are furnished with glaucous distichous leaves,
about six inches in length, which fall off during the resting
season. The flowers are produced on a short raceme from
the apex of the stem, each cluster containing some five or six
pure white blossoms. — Sylhet.
T. VeitcMaiia, Rchh. f. — This plant, which has for some
time been known to us under the name of T. Wrigleyana, was,
we believe, first raised and flowered by the late Mr. Geo.
Toll, of Manchester, who named it after E. Gr. Wrigley, Esq.,
and subsequently sold us the stock. Since then it has been
exhibited by Messrs. Veitch and Sons under the name of
T. Veitchiana, at the same time as exhibited by us under the
name of T. Wrigleyana, at the Royal Botanic Society's Show,
in May, 1885. It is a hybrid between T. BensonicB and
T. MarshalUana ; the sepals and petals are white, just tinged
with mauve at their tips, the keels of the disk are of a peculiar
orange-purple, the anterior part of the lip is fine mauve-purple,
and the superior portion of the lip white, with some mauve -
purple veins. — Garden hybrid.
Syn. — T. Wrigleyana.
TriCHOCENTRUM, PiJppig and Endlicher.
{Tribe Vandese, subtribe Oncidiese.)
This is a small genus of dwarf epiphytes, with small
monophyllous pseudobulbs, and radical scapes, bearing one
or two flowers of medium size. Many of the species are
interesting only from a botanical point of view ; there are,
however, some few exceptions to this rule, of which the species
here quoted are examples. They have free spreading sepals
and petals, and a lip which is connate with the base of the
column into a pitcher, and is produced into a longish spur,
the middle lobe being flattened out, broadly two-lobed, and
much longer than the sepals. Eight species are recorded
from Brazil and Central America.
588 okchid-gkower's manual.
Culture. — These plants should be grown on a block, or in a
small basket, and treated to a moderately cool temperature ;
care must especially be taken that no stagnant water remains
about their roots.
T. albopurpureum, Linden mid Echb. f. — A pretty dwarf
epiphyte, having minute ovoid monophyllous pseudobulbs
growing in tufts, and sessile oblong acute shining green leaves,
four to six inches long, the one-flowered peduncles springing
from the base of the bulbs. The flowers are large for the
size of the plant, and freely produced ; the cuneate oblong
sepals and the more oblong petals are of a bright cinnamon-
brown inside, tawny yellow outside ; while the lip is large,
projected forwards, pandurate, broad and bilobed in front,
white, with two large purple spots near the base, the disk
veined with rosy purple passing to yellow, and having a crest
of four rosy purple keels. It should be grown at the cool end
of the Cattleya house. — North Brazil.
'FlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5688 ; Orchid Album, v.t. 204 ; Gard. Chron., 1866,
219, with fig.
T. OrtllOplectroil, Bchh. f. — A curious and beautiful epiphyte,
of dwarf habit. The flowers are large ; the cuneate-oblong
sepals' and petals are light cinnamon brown, tipped with
yellow, and the lip is large, subquadrate, emarginate, blunt-
angled, white, with a crimson lake blotch on each side of the
base, and five bars or semiabortive keels of the same colour
between the blotches, the disk in front of the crest being
yellow. The spur is straight and tapered off to an acute
point. It flowers in October, and was exhibited by W. Lee,
Esq., Downside, Leatherhead, at the Royal Horticultural
Society's Meeting in October, 1883. — South America.
T. porphyrio, Bchb. f. — A very handsome species, with
dwarf scarcely pseudobulbous stems, cuneate-oblong leaves,
and peduncles bearing each a solitary flower about two inches
in diameter ; the sepals and petals are cuneate-oblong acute,
brown margined and tipped unequally with yellow ; the lip
is pandurately flabellate, emarginate, of a rich magenta-purple,
faintly margined with white towards the point, and having a
rectangular sulphur yellow blotch on the disk in front of the
three purple lines of the crest ; the spur is bent and attenuated,
and the column bears falcate auricles. — South America.
'FiG.—lllust. Hort, 3 ser., t. 508.
TEICHOGLOTTIS. 589
T. tigrimmi, Linden and Rchb. f. — A remarkably handsome
and desirable species, which produces its blossoms while in a
very small state. Its oblong foliage reminds one of a
miniature Oncidium Lanceanum, being more or less dotted
with deep red. The peduncles are produced from the base
of the leaves, and bear one or two flowers, of which the
ligulate-lanceolate sepals and petals are greenish yellow,
transversely barred and distinctly spotted with purplish
brown ; and the lip, which is very large in comparison to the
size of the flower — an inch and a half long, and nearly two
inches across the dilated apex — is broadly cuneiform, deeply
bilobed, pure white, with a yellow crest on the disk, and on
each side at the base a wedge-shaped blotch of purple. —
Ecuador.
FiQ.—IUust. Hort., 3 ser., t. 282.
TEICHOGLOTTIS, Blume.
{Tribe Vandas, subtribe Sarcanthese.)
A small genus of epiphytal Orchids, with elongate leafy
stems, distichous leaves, and lateral peduncles bearing few
flowered short racemes, or sometimes solitary flowers. The
group is closely allied to Sarcochihis, from which it differs
mainly in not having a fleshy lip. The species, of which
about half a dozen are known, inhabit the Malayan Archi-
pelago.
Culture. — The plants require the same treatment as A'erides,
Vanda, and other genera of the same ebulbous character.
T. fasciata, Echb. f. — A rather showy species of free-
growing habit, with stoutish rooting stems attaining a
moderate height, furnished with distichous oblong obtuse api-
culate leaves, three inches long, sheathing the stem at the
base, and bearing lateral spikes of rather large leathery
flowers, suggestive of those of Phalccnopsis sumatrana, few
in number, but rather efiective from their distinctly banded
colouration. These flowers have trigonous peduncles and
pedicels, cuneate oblong acute sepals and petals, the lateral
sepals falcate, all white externally, pale greenish yellow inside
590 ORCHID- geower's manual.
closely marked with transverse bars of cinnamon brown ; and
a curiously-shaped lip, which has dolabriform basal auricles
and a trifid blade, with the side lobes triangular and spreading
and the middle lobe keeled, obliquely obtuse in front — the lip
whitish, with the side lobes yellow at the tip, and the keel
with a few purplish spots beneath ; the dolabriform auricles
have three velvety lines between them. — Eastern Tropical
Asia.
YiG.— Orchid Album, v. t. 208.
TeiCHOPILIA, Lindley.
{Tribe Vandese, subtribe OncidieEe.)
This genus contains some very handsome and distinct-
looking dwarf evergreen plants. They have monophyllous
pseudobulbs, fleshy erect leaves, and deflexed scapes springing
from the rhizome below the leaves, usually -one or two-
flowered, but sometimes producing four or five flowers, which
are not only curious in form but also of a showy character.
They have free narrow erecto-patent sepals and petals, and a
large lip whose claw is adnate to the column, which it closely
invests above, the limb being spreading, the slightly dilated
lateral lobes connivent, and the middle lobe continuous and
undulated. The anther-bed is usually ciliato-fimbriate.
Bentham records sixteen species as growing in Columbia,
Central America, and Mexico.
Culture. — The Trichopilias are best grown in pots, with
peat and good drainage, and should be well elevated above the
rim of the pot on account of their deflexed flower scapes,
which proceed from the base of the bulbs. Too much water
at the root at any time is highly injurious to them. They
will do best in the Mexican house, kept as near the glass as
possible, so that the bulbs may become well matured, which
induces them to bloom more freely. They are propagated by
dividmg the plant.
TKICHOPILIA.
691
T. Candida. — See Pilumna fbageans.
T. COCCinea. — See Teichopilia maeginata.
T. crispa, Lindlerj. — A charming and very rare species,
resembling T. vumjinata in its habit and foliage, but more
robust, the pseudobulbs being larger. The drooping peduncles
are produced from the base of the bulbs, and bear two or
three large flowers on each. The sepals and petals are
crispato-crenate along the whole margin, light cherry crimson,
faintly edged with white ; and the lip is large, white outside,
somewhat deeper in colour than the sepals, the margin
TRICHOPILIA CEISPA.
irregularly but strongly crisped, and the throat a rich deep
crimson. It blooms during April, May, and June, and lasts
about two weeks in perfection. The plant requires to be grown
in a pot, and should be elevated three inches above the rim,
in order to show off the flowers, which are drooping, to the
greatest advantage. R. Warner, Esq., of Broomfield, exhi-
bited a fine specimen of this plant, with upwards of a hundred
flowers, at the St. Petersburg International Exhibition in
592 orchid-gkower's manual.
1869. This plant has the peculiarity of producing two crops
of flowers from the same pseudobulbs every year ; as soon as
one lot goes off the other appears. — Central America.
FiG.—Batem. Ind Cent. Orch. PL, 1. 115 ; Bot, Mag., t. 4857 (as coccineaj ;
Flore des Sevres, t. 1490 (as coccinea).
T. Crispa marginata, R. Waryier. — A decided acquisition
to a very pretty genus. It is a finer plant than T. crispa, and
will prove extremely useful for exhibition purposes, as it flowers
during June and July. It resembles T. marginata in its
growth, but has shorter and more ovate compressed pseudo-
bulbs ; the leaves are broadly lanceolate, recurved at the
apex, dark green ; and the peduncles, which are produced
from the base of the bulbs, each bear two or three blossoms,
which are large and very showy. The sepals and petals are
linear lanceolate, crispy at the margin, of a pale purplish red,
white at the edges ; and the lip is white externally, funnel-
shaped, the two rounded lateral lobes meeting over the throat,
and the dilated central lobe deeply cleft at the apex, dull
crimson, with the throat of a darker and richer crimson, the
limb narrowly edged with white. This, which is from Mr.
Warner's collection, is, without doubt, the finest of all the
Trichopilias. — Central A merica.
YiG.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, i. t. 5; Puydt, Les Orch., t. 43 ; Flo7-e des
Serres, tt. 1925-6.
T. Graleottiana, A. Richard. — A distinct free-blooraing and
pretty plant, with tall ligulate ancipitous pale green pseudobulbs,
solitary cuneate oblong acute dark green leaves, and abundant
flowers on one-flowered peduncles. The sepals and petals
are cuneato-lanceolate acute, the petals somewhat the broader,
pale green, with a central bar of olive brown ; and the lip is
closely folded round the column, dilated and spreading in
front, three-lobed, the lateral lobes rounded, the front lobe
obreniform, the disk pale yellow with bars and lines of
crimson-purple, the margin passing to white. It blossoms in
August and September, and continues for a fortnight in good
condition. It requires cool treatment, and should be potted
in peat and sphagnum. — Mexico : Chiapas.
¥lQ.—JUust. Eort, t. 225 (picta) ; Bot. Mag., t. 5550 and Batem. 2nd
Cent., t. 162 (both as turialbse.)
Syn. — T. picta, T. turialbce, Batem. non Echb.
T. hymenantlia, Rchh.f. — A very distinct and curious plant,
producing thick fleshy elongate ensiform acuminate leaves,
TRICHOPILIA. 593
naiTowed also to the base, where they are terete and clothed
with close-fitting brown scales, the lower part representing a
stem or pseudobulb. The flowers are small, in six or eight-
flowered drooping racemes, on peduncles issuing from the
axils of the stem sheaths ; they are white, with the sepals and
petals lanceolate and slightly twisted, and the lip sessile,
broadly elliptic, nearly flat, with erose edges, speckled with
deep sanguineous purple towards the base and sides. It
flowers during the summer months. — New Grenada.
'Pig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5949 ; Xenia Orch., i. t. 7.
T. lepida, Hon., Veitch. — A very rare and handsome species,
somewhat resembling T. crispa in growth. The pseudobulbs
are oblong obtuse ancipitous, with solitary oblong ovate acute
leathery leaves, and deflexed peduncles bearing large hand-
some flowers, which ai'e from four to five inches in diameter,
with a prominent fimbriated lip. The sepals and petals are
linear lanceolate acute, pale rosy lilac, irregularly margined
with white ; and the lip, which is closely folded at the base,
is expanded quadrate-oblong in front, of a deep purple-
crimson with an irregular margin of white about a quarter
of an inch wide, the lateral lobes broad and rounded,
the central one deeply cleft into two rotundate undulated
segments. It flowers during the spring months. — Costa
Plica.
'Fig.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 98; Orchid Album, v. t. 197.
T. marginata, Henfreij. — A very pretty and distinct species,
with clustered oblong furrowed ancipitous pseudobulbs, bear-
ing above the solitary lanceolate shortly acuminate dark green
coriaceous leaves, recurved at the tip, and from their base the
drooping one-flowered peduncles. The flowers are large, four
to five inches in expanse, with a bold prominent lip, the
sepals and petals are narrow linear-lanceolate acuminate, once
twisted, brownish red with greenish yellow margins, and the lip
is trumpet-shaped, white on the outside, the mouth spreading,
three-lobed, the lateral lobes roundish and the central one
emarginate, wavy, of a reddish purple sometimes edged with
white, becoming deep crimson in the throat, or with the limb
white and the throat only deep crimson. The margin of the
anther-bed is very finely serrulate. It produces its blossoms
in May and June, lasting three weeks in beauty. Of this
plant there are many varieties. One called oliYacea, Rchb.f.,
594 obchid-grower's maj^uai..
has the sepals and petals of an olivaceous hue. — Central
America.
Yia.—Paxt. Fl Gard., ii. t. 54 ; Gard. Mag. Bot., iii. 185, with tab.
(1851) ; Lemaire, Jard. FL, t. 184.
Syn. — T. coccinea.
T. picta. — See Trichopilia Galeottiana.
T. SUavis, Lindley. — A fine species, the thin almost foUaceous
pseudobulbs and broad leaves of which very much resemble
those of Odo7ito(jlossum grande. The pseudobulbs are mono-
phyllous, oblong obcordate, ancipitous, clustered ; the leaves
are large and broad, oblong acute wavy and nearly sessile ;
and the peduncles three or four-flowered. The flowers are
white or creamy white, the lip yellow in the throat, and
spotted with pale violet rose on the front part and on the
sides ; the sepals and petals are lanceolate acute narrowed to
the base, scarcely twisted, the lip closely rolled up at the base,
spread out in a funnel-shaped form, and three-lobed in front,
the middle lobe being large and emarginate, and the entire
edge being minutely crenulate and undulated. The flowers
give out a most delicate odour of hawthorn. It blooms in
March or April, lasting about two weeks in perfection, and is
best grown in the cool house. — Costa liica.
ViG.—Bot Mag., t. 4654 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. OrcJi. PL, t. 143 ; Paxt. FL
Gard., i. t. 11 ; Flore des Serves, t. 761; Lemaire, Jard. FL, t. 227;
Warner, SeL Orch. PL, iii. t. 8 ; Puydt, Les Orch., t. 44 (Lamarchse).
T. SUavis alba, Hort. — A pure white form of this old
favourite, which Dr. Lindley calls " a delicious 'Orchid." It
has the sepals and petals pure white, and the lip white with
a yellow stain in the throat. It blossoms during May and
June, and lasts about two weeks in ^eriection. — Central
Amenca.
YlG.—Orchid Album, i, t. 14.
T. SUavis grandiflora, Hort. — A lovely variety of this really
handsome Orchid. The pseudobulbs and leaves are very
large. The flowers expand very much better than those of
the type, and are also more highly coloured ; the sepals and
petals are white, and the lip, which is upwards of three
inches in diameter, is white, with large rich crimson spots,
the throat deep orange. — Central Ainerica.
T. tortilis, Lindley. — A pretty and interesting species from
the peculiar corkscrew-like sepals and petals. The pseudo-
TRICHOSMA.
595
bulbs are oblong or ligulato, compressed, two to four inches
long, monophyllous, the leaf being oblong acute coriaceous, and
the peduncles solitary and single-flowered. The drooping
flowers are large and attractive, the sepals and petals narrow
lanceolate, spirally twisted, yellowish green with lurid
brownish purple blotches along the middle part, and the lip
white outside, yellowish white or white within, spotted thickly
with rose colour and blotched with yellow about the throat, the
base closely rolled in, the front part spreading out and three-
lobed, the rounded lateral lobes meeting as usual over the
throat, the front flattened-out lobe two-cleft. It produces its
flowers freely at various times of the year, and lasts two or
three weeks in beauty. There are different varieties of this
plant, one with much brighter-coloured flowers, and one with
white flowers — the var. candiduin, Linden and Rchb. /.,
imported from Chiapas by M. Linden. — Mexico.
'FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 3739 ; Bot. Reg., t. 18G3 : Maund, Botanist, iii. 1. 122 ;
Knowles and We'stc, Floral Cab., t. 101.
TeICHOSMA, Lindley.
{Tribe Epidendrese, subtribe Cazlogynefe.)
A small Indian genus consisting of a single epiphytical
species, with the habit of Ceelogyne, having clustered two-
leaved stems, subplicate somewhat fleshy leaves, and terminal
racemes of largish flowers, of which the sepals and petals
are spreading, and an articulated broadly three-lobed lip.
Culture. — This plant should be grown in a pot with rough
fibrous peat and good drainage ; when in active growth it
must be kept moderately moist, and it must never be allowed
to get dry, as it has no thick fleshy pseudobulbs to support it.
T. SUavis, Lindley. — A very distinct and scarce plant,
having thin tufted terete stems eight or ten inches high,
furnished with two broadly lanceolate obsoletely three-nerved,
leaves, and bearing short terminal racemes of fragrant
flowers ; the sepals and petals are lanceolate, creamy white,
and the lip has a three-lobed limb, the side lobes white
596
ORCHID-GEOWER S IMANUAL.
striped with brownish crimson, the middle lobe undulated,
recurved, yellow margined with crimson, and bearing several
crispy crests on the disk. It flowers during the spring
months. — Khasya Mountains.
YiG.—Boi. Reg., 1842, t. 21 ; Orchid Album, iii. t. 114,
Syn. — Eria suavis ; E. coronaria ; Cwlogyne coronaria.
TJeOPEDIUM, Lindley.
{Tribe Cypripediese.)
This genus contains but one species, a very interesting
plant, agreeing entirely with the Selenipediwn gi'oup of
Cyprlpedium except as regards the character of the lip, which,
instead of taking the form of a pouch or slipper, is like the
petals, that is to say, long and caudate with the flat base
slightly broader and concave. The only species is a native
Colombia.
Culture. — Though not very showy, this plant is well
worth growing on account of its peculiarly- shaped blossoms ;
and it is by no means a difficult plant to cultivate, if it gets
the treatment it requires. We have found it to do best potted
in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, with good drainage.
The plant should be placed just below the rim of the pot, and
watered liberally at the roots during the growing season,
which is nearly all the year. It requires but little rest ; for
having no fleshy bulbs to support it, a certain degree of
moisture is necessary at the roots, even when it is compara-
tively at rest. After the growth is completed it will begin to
show flower, and then care should be taken that it does not
get dry at the root, for it requires a good quantity of nourish-
ment to bring its flowers to perfection. We have seen this
plant shrivelled when the blossoms have been showing, and
from this cause they have been nearly spoiled and the plant
injured. If this species is allowed to get into an unhealthy
VANDA. 597
state it is a long time before it recovers ; it blooms during the
summer months, and lasts some time in beauty. Propagation
is effected by dividing the plant when it has done growing, or
just as it begins to push.
TJ. Lindeni, Lindley. — A monotypic plant of much interest
on account of the singular structure of its flowers. It forms
a distichous tuft of erect leathery ligulate obtuse pale green
leaves, about ten inches in length, resembling those of Cypri-
pediiim caudatum, the branching two-flowered velvety scape
growing up a foot high or more from the centre of the leaves.
The blossoms, which are produced from the loose spathaceous
bracts, are large and singular in shape ; the sepals are broad
oval lanceolate with wavy edges, white with green veins, the
linear-ligulate petals, and the lip which is oblong lanceolate
at the base, are velvety white streaked with green at the base,
the points being lengthened out into purplish red tail-like
appendages, which frequently attain as much as two feet in
length. It flowers in May. — ]>!eiv Grenada.
Fig. — Pescatorea, t. 2 ; Xenia Orch., i. t. 15 ; Flore des Serves, vi. 123,
with fig. ; Belg. Hort., 1854, 193, with tab. ; Gartenjlora, t. 315.
Vanda, B. Brown.
{Tribe VandeEe, subtribe Sarcantheae.)
This genus contains a number of magnificent species ;
indeed, there are not many Orchidaceous plants that surpass
Vandas in the beauty of their foliage and flowers. What
more beautiful picture can there be than an Orchid-house
with flowering Vandas, and what more delightful than the
atmosphere of such a structure filled with their delicious fra-
grance ? Their habit of growth is the same as that of
Aerides and Saccolabiuni, that is to say, they have erect
leafy stems, the leaves being evergreen, usually channelled,
distichous and leathery, often long and gracefully decurved,
praemorse or bilobed, sometimes though rarely terete ; the
peduncles are lateral, produced from the axils of the leaves,
598 oeohid-grower's manual.
and the flowers, whicli are gaily coloured, fleshy in texture
and usually very fragrant, are collected into loose racemes.
The flowers have free subequal much spreading sepals and
petals, and a lip which is continuous with the base of the
column, saccate or obtusely spurred, the lateral lobes erect,
the middle lobe spreading oblong. About twenty species are
referred to this genus, mostly natives of Tropical India and
the Malay Archipelago.
Culture. — They require the same treatment as Aerides,
except that they require but little shade — the less they have
the better they will flower. They will blossom two or three
times during the year when treated in this way. Propagation
is effected by taking ofi" the young growths which spring from
near the base of the stem, or by cutting the stem as directed
in the case of Aerides.
V. Batemanm, Lindley. — A noble and stately plant of up-
right growth, the stout stem clothed with distichous leathery
lorate leaves which are obtuse and obliquely emarginate at
the tip, and of a pale green colour. The long erect scapes
are axillary, and bear many large spreading flowers, of which
the sepals and petals are thick and fleshy, falcate, obtusely
obovate ensiform, yellow spotted with crimson in front,
rosy purple at the back, fading to violet at the edge ; and the
lip is triangular saccate at the base, and of a purple-crimson
colour, the front part furrowed and incurved, the disk
bearing an elevated tooth, and its base a short transverse
crest. It blooms in July, August, and September, and
continues blooming for three months. — Philippine Islands;
Moluccas.
'FiG.—Bot. Reg., 1846, t. 59 ; Moore, III. Orch. PI, Vanda 1 ; Flore des
Serves, tt. 1921-2 ; Gaudickaud, Freyc. Voy., t. 36.
Syn. — V. lissochiloides, Fieldia lissochiloides.
Y. Bensoni, Bateman. — A very elegant addition to this
beautiful genus, and allied to V. Roxburghii. It is a free-
growing plant a foot or more in height, producing distichous
channelled leathery lorate leaves, which are unequally toothed
VANDA CATHCARTII.
VANDA. 599
at the apex, and erect rigid scapes a foot and a half long
from the base of the shoots. The flowers are about two
inches in diameter, white on the outside, the sepals and the
smaller petals obovate obtuse, yellowish green, dotted, not
tessellated, with reddish brown on the inside, and the lip
ovate in front, is convex, trilamellate on the disk, pink, with
a kidney-shaped bifid violet-coloured apex, the small basal
auricles and conical spur white. — Banfjoon.
'FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5611; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PI, t. 192; Gard.
Chron., 1867, 180', with fig. ; Flore des Serves, t. 2329.
V. Catlicarti, Lindhy. — A tall scrambling but very distinct
and noble species, somewhat resembling lienanthera coccinea
in its general habit, but stouter. The leaves are arranged in
a distichous manner, pale green, six or seven inches long,
linear-oblong, unequally bilobed at the tip, the lobes rounded.
The flower-scape is erect, produced opposite the leaves, bearing
four or five fleshy flowers three inches in diameter ; the sepals
and petals roundish oblong sessile concave, white externally,
yellowish with numerous horizontal narrow often confluent
bands of reddish brown ; the lip three-lobed, the small lateral
lobes white with red streaks at the base, the middle lobe
whitish with a crenate incurved yellow border, and the disk
bearing two erect truncate calli. The thick prominent column
is green. This species has now become established in our col-
lections, but is rare. — Sikldm. Himalaya, 2,000 to 4,000 feet,
in hot places.
Fig. — Boi. Mag., t. 5845; Jennings, Orch., t. 10 ; Flore des Serres, tt.
1251-2 ; Illust. Sort., t. 187 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 66 ; Orchid Album, iv. t.
168 ; Hook.Jil., III. Bim. PI, t. 23 ; Gard. Chron., 1870, 1409, fig. 251.
Stn. — Esmeralda Cathcarti ; Arachnanthe Cathcarti.
Y, CCBmlea, Griffith. — This remarkably handsome plant
produces an erect stem two to three feet high, with the usual
distichous loriform channelled coriaceous leaves, which are
unequally truncate with a concave notch and acute lateral
lobes. The erect scapes are much longer than the leaves, and
bear dense racemes of ten to fifteen flowers or more — the
flowers five inches across, with the membranaceous sepals
and petals flat oblong blunt and shortly stalked, of a beauti-
ful pallid blue, and the small lip linear-oblong, leathery, deep
blue, the point blunt with two diverging lobes ; the spur is
short and blunt, and the disk bears three lamellae. It does
not require so much heat as the other kinds. The flowers
600 okchid-grower's manual.
are produced during the autumn months, and last six weeks
in perfection. — Khasya Mountains.
Pig. — Warner, Sel. Orch. PI., i. 1. 18 ; Pescaiorea, t. 29 ; Flore des Serves,
t. 609 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. t. 36 ; Moore, III. Orch. PL, Vanda 2 ; Jennings,
Orch., t. 34 ; IHust. Hort., t. 246 ; Lemaire, Jard. FL, t. 102 ; Puydt, Les
Orch., t. 45 ; L'Hort. Franq., 1862, t. 1 ; Xenia Orch., i. t. 5.
Y. COerulescens, Griffith. — This elegant little species has
elongated stems, with the leaves distichous, leathery, strap-
shaped, truncately bilobed, five to seven inches long, dark
green. The scapes are slender, axillary, erect, bearing from
ten to twenty flowers ; the cuneate ovate sepals and petals
are pale mauve-blue, twisted at the clawed base ; the lip
smaller obcuneate dilated emarginate, of a rich violet with
purplish hlac auricles, and the conical spur tipped with green.
It blooms during March and April, lasting a long time in
perfection. — Burmah.
FlQ.—Bot. Mag., t. 5834 ; Orchid Album, i. t, 48 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser.,
t. 256 ; Griffith, Icon. PL As., t. 331 ; Gard. Chron., 1870, 529, fig. 97.
Y. COerulescens Boxallii, Rchh. f. — A curious and charmiDg
form, in which the leaves are rigidly distichous, strongly
keeled, obliquely erose at the apex, and the flowers form a
rather close raceme on a comparatively short scape. The
flowers are white and blue and very effective, the obtuse or
retuse sepals and petals being white with a tinge of lilac, and
the lip with its dilated front lobe deep violet bordered with
white ; the disk bears some smooth longitudinal ridges, with
dark blue stripes alternating with white ones. — Transgangetic
India.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 6328.
Y. COECOlor, Blume. — A distinct-looking plant referred by
Sir W. J. Hooker to V. Roxburghii. It has tall erect stems
five to six feet high, with lax membranaceous evergreen
leaves, which are obliquely tridentate at the ends. The
flowers are numerous, rather distant, in lateral elongated
racemes, the oblong obovate undulated sepals and petals
white on the outer surface, and of a uniform cinnamon-brown
within, the lip three-lobed, downy at the base, white with rosy
dots on the side lobes, the front or middle lobe cinnamon-
brown, cuneate and bilobed at the tip ; it has a conical
attenuated spur. — China.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 3416.
Syn. — V.furva {Bot. Beg., non Bl.) ; V. Roxburghii unicohr.
VAN DA CCERULESCENS.
VANDA. 601
V. cristata, Lindley. — A distinct and curiously marked
Orchid. The stems are erect free-growing, with distichous
carinate leathery ligulate leaves, truncate and three-
toothed at the apex. The peduncles are short axillary
erect, three to six-flowered, the oblong obtuse arching sepals
and narrower petals of a yellow-green, and the lip oblong,
convex saccate towards the front, and divided at the apex into
three narrow acute diverging lobes, green beneath, the upper
surface deep velvety tawny yellow marked with blood-purple
longitudinal stripes, the basal auricles ovate, of a deep blood-
purple on the inner face. It produces its flowers from March
to July, and lasts in bloom for sis weeks or two months. —
Nepal ; Bhotan ; Sikkim.
'Fig.— Sot. Mag., t. 4304; Bot. Reg., 1842, t. 48 ; Moore, 111. Orch. PI,
Vanda 3.
V. DemsOEiana, Benson and Rchb. f. — A very chaste and
desirable species, the first white Vanda which has yet been
discovered. In its habit of growth it much resembles V.
Bensoni, but the foliage is broader and somewhat longer. Its
stems are erect, with lorate rigid recurved dark green leaves
deeply two-lobed at the apex, both the lobes being sharp-
pointed. The racemes are axillary, five to six-flowered, on
stout ascending peduncles, while the flowers themselves are
medium-sized, thick and fleshy, the oblong spathulate dorsal
sepal and the broadly ovate lateral ones, as well as the
spathulate petals, being white slightly tinged with green, the
lip being also white, pandurate, the apex two-lobed with the
lobes divaricate like the tip of a blackcock's tail, the base
with two sub quadrate auricles, and the spur short and
conical. — Arracan Mountains.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. fiSll ; lUust. Hort., 3 ser., t. 105; Florist and Pomol,
1869, 249, with fig. ; Card. Chron., N.S., xsiv. 105, fig. 21.
V. Denisoniana hebraica, BcU. /.—In this new variety,
which was introduced by us, the sepals and petals are sulphur-
coloured on both sides, but darker within, where they are
covered with numerous spots, and transverse short bars,
somewhat resembling Hebrew characters ; spur orange in-
side ; anterior part of the blade of the lip olive green.
Flowers in July. — Burmah.
V. gigantea, Lindley. — A noble and stately plant, with
bold distichous dark green broadly lorate recurved tough
fleshy leaves a foot and a half long, very blunt at the apex.
bUli ORCHID -GEOWEK S MANUAL.
emarginate, with the lobes nearly equal. The racemes are
axillary, about half the length of the leaves, bearing showy
flowers three inches across, with oblong obovate blunt-ended
sepals and petals of a rich golden yellow freely and irregularly
marked with rich cinnamon-brown blotches ; and a white fleshy
lip, which is small incurved channelled dolabriform, with short
rounded basal auricles. It blooms in the spring months, and
VANDA DENISONIANA.
continues a long time in full perfection if the flowers are kept
dry. The flowers of this plant have not"given general satis-
faction to Orchid growers, but a large plant which we had in
our collection some years ago produced two long spikes, each
bearing a dozen blossoms of large size and good substance,
and we have known it produce seventeen^blossoms on one
VANDA. G03
spite. This is the most massive and majestic plant of the
whole group. — Burmah.
YiQ.—Bot. Mao., t. 5189 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PL, t. Ii2 ; Jlhist.
Eort., t. 277 ; Xenia Orch., ii. t. 112.
Stn. — V. Lindleyana; Fieldia gigantea.
Y. hastifera, Bchh. f. — A very rare plant of tall-growing
habit, bearing lax racemes of flowers surpassing those of
V. Boxallii. The spathulate undulated sepals and petals are
light yellow marked with fine red blotches inside ; the lip,
which is peculiar, having a compressed conical spur, semi-
oblong triangular auricles, and a hastate blade covered with
hairs at its base which is dilated thick tumid blunt and
shining in front, is white marked with brown and mauve, and
the column is white spotted with brown. — So7idaic Islands.
V. Hookeriana, Bckh.f. — This distinct and very beautiful
species, which is in habit something like a small form of V.
teres, has resisted many attempts to introduce it in a living
state, but, thanks to the zeal of our collectors, we have now
a plentiful supply. It has elongate rigid terete pale green
rooting stems, and erect terete pale green leaves two to three
inches long, and tapered to a subulate point. The peduncles
grow out near the top of the stem, opposite the leaves, which
they exceed in length, and bear a raceme of from two to five
membranaceous flowers, each two and a half inches in diameter,
the sepals white tinted with rose, the larger spathulate oblong
undulated petals white spotted with magenta, and the lip
expanded from a cuneate base, three-lobed, upwards of one
and a half inch broad, white, beautifully lined longitudinally
in the centre, transversely on the side lobes, and spotted near
the edge on all the lobes with rich magenta-purple, a large
triangular deep purple auricle standing on each side the
column. It was recently flowered in the collections of Lord
Rothschild, at Tring Park, and the late J. S. Bockett, Esq.,
Stamford Hill. In these cases only two flowers have been
produced on the spike, but we have reason to believe that with
improved cultivation it will produce as many as five. It
flowers in September, and requires the same treatment as
that recommended for F. teres. — Borneo.
'Eld.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 73 ; Tllust. Eort., 3 ser., t. 484.
V. insignis, Blume. — This very beautiful plant has by
repute been an inmate of our gardens for years, but its name
was for a long time given in mistake to a variety of V. tricolor.
604
ORCHID- GROWER S MANUAIi.
The true plant is, however, now in cultivation. Its stems
are sub-erect, clothed with distichous rigid linear-ligulate
curving channelled leaves, which are unequally cut away or
denticulate at the tip ; and producing five to seven-flowered
racemes about equalling the leaves in length. The flowers
are as large as those of V. tricolor; the obovate spathu-
late obtuse sepals and petals are of a light brown within
spotted with deep chocolate-brown, yellowish white on the
outside ; and the lip is large, almost fiddle-shaped, with two
short white side lobes, the front lobe white, semiovate at the
base, suddenly expanding into a concave semilunar limb of
a light purplish rose, the disk traversed by two low ridges.
It is exceedingly handsome, producing its blooms in May and
June. — Moluccas ; Timor.
Fig.— Bot. Mag., t. 5759; Jennings, Orch., t. 46 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PL,
i. t. 3 ; Orchid Album, iv. t. 172 ; Blume, Rumph., t. 192 and t, 197 ; Paxt.
Fl. Gard., ii. 19, with fig.
V.insignis Sdiroderiana, Echb.f. — A very chaste and dis-
tinct novelty, which was exhibited by Baron Schroder in
1883. The flowers are similar in form to those of the type,
but their colours are quite distinct, being yellow and white ;
the sepals and petals are of a light yellow, and the lip, which
has a large concave anterior limb, pure white. It flowers in
autumn. — Malay Islands.
Y. lamellata Boxallii,
Pichb. f. — A very distinct
and charming variety, of
very free -flowering char-
acter, and which on ac-
count of its dwarf habit
takes up but little room.
It has slender erect stems,
long narrow ligulate chan-
nelled much recurved
leaves, obliquely and
acutely bidentate at the
tip, and handsome floral
racemes, which are longer
than in the type, bearing
fourteen to twenty flowers,
which are handsomely
coloured with white, rich
VANDA LAMELLATA BOXALLII.
VANDA. 605
brown, and magenta. The dorsal sepals and two petals are
directed backwards, the dorsal sepal oblanceolate, creamy
white, the lateral ones obovate, with the inner side cut away
in a curve half-waj', this part reddish bi'own tinged with
purple ; the petals are oblong cuneate, white ; and the lip
has a squarish subpanduriform limb of a rich rosy magenta
towards the front, the disk with six reddish purple stripes
running back to the mouth of the tube. The creamy white
outer half of the lateral sepals, contrasting with the reddish
brown inner half, is peculiar. It flowers in November and
December, affords some variety, and is vastly superior to the
type. — Philippine Islands.
Fm.— Garden, xix. 574, t. 287 ; Gard. Chron., N.S., xv., 87, fig. 18.
V. limbata, Blume. — This rare and beautiful species is
distinct in growth, producing on longish peduncles the axil-
lary racemes of from twelve to thirteen flowers. The stems
are robust with long thick roots ; the leaves are leathery,
channelled, eight to ten inches long, and nearl}^ an inch
broad, with an obliquely retuse apex ; the flowers, which
grow in erect loose racemes, are two inches in diameter,
the spathulate sepals and petals cinnamon-brown, blotched
and tessellated with a darker shade of reddish brown, and
evenly bordered with yellow, the exterior tinged with lilac ;
the lip is quadrate, slightly pandurate, rosy lilac margined with
white, the disk tumid, with five to seven parallel grooves.
This species flowers in June, and lasts a long time in per-
fection.— Java.
'ElG.—Bot. Mag., t. 6173 ; Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, iii. t. 9.
V. Parisllii, Bchh.f. — Avery handsome and distinct Yanda,
having at first sight the appearance of a Phalmiopsis. It is
a dwai-f stout-growing species, and produces broadly ligulate-
obtuse fleshy distichous bright green leaves with an unequal
bilobed apex ; and a stifi" erect scape supporting several large
prettily spotted flowers, of which the cuneate-oblong acute
sepals and petals are of a greenish yellow spotted with some-
what bold dots of reddish brown ; and the lip, which is very
powerfully scented with a peculiar odour, has the front lobe
pale magenta, narrowly margined with white, rhomboid,
gibbous below the apex with a median keel, and a violet-
coloured conical callus at the base, where is a short
G06 OECHID-GEOWER's MANUAIi.
gibbous spur and small white orange-striped auricles. It
flowers during the summer months. — Moiihnein.
Fig.— Orchid Album, i. t. 15.
Y. ParisMi Marriottiana, Rchb. f. — A very distinct and
beautiful variety, first flowered by Sir W. H. S. Marriott,
Bart. It is a dwarf compact plant, with the short stems
closely set with distichous ligulate-obtuse fleshy leaves,
slightly and unequally emarginate ; the scape is axillary
erect, bearing a raceme of about six handsome flowers, of
which the sepals and petals, instead of being spotted as in the
type, are bronzy brown richly sufi'used with magenta, and the
lip has white basal auricles and a rich magenta rhomboid
front lobe. The flowers of this variety are not scented. It
blossoms during the summer months. — Moulmein.
'Fig.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 61.
V. EoxhurgMi, B. Br.— A well-marked old species, having
stout dwarfish erect stems, with two-ranked ligulate chan-
nelled recurved leathery leaves, obliquely tridentate at apex.
The peduncles are erect, and bear a raceme of six to twelve
flowers, which have the bluntly oblong-obovate sepals and
petals pale green with chequered lines of olive brown, the outer
surface white, and the lip violet-purple, and convex in the
front parts, deeper purple towards the point, the lanceolate
lateral lobes white, and the base projected backwards to form
a short pinkish spur. The flowers appear during the summer,
and last five or six weeks in beauty. There are several varieties
of this plant, one having a darker-coloured blue lip than the
other, and one having the lip pink. — India : Bengal.
FiQ.—Bot. Mag., t. 2245 ; Bot. Reg., t. 506 ; Flore des Strres, ii.t. 2 ; Id.,
t. 641, fig. 2 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., vii. 265, with tab. (pink lip) ; Wight, Icon,
PI. Tnd. Or., t. 916 ; Rchb. PI. Exot., t. 121 ; Orchid Album, ii. t. 59; Paxt.
Fl. Gard , ii. t. 42, fig. 2.
Syn. — V. tessellata ; V. tesselloides ; Cymbidium tesselloides,
Y. Sanderiana, Bchb. f. — One of the most wonderful and
distinct Orchids that has been introduced for many years,
and one which produces the largest flowers of any Vanda
known up to the present time. It was first flowered by W.
Lee, Esq., Downside, Leatherhtad. The growth resembles
that of V. carulea, but the stem is stouter and larger in all
its parts, and more densely leafy ; the leaves are broadly
ligulate rigid leathery recurved, from nine to twelve inches
long and an inch broad, deeply channelled, and having the
VANDA fSUAVlS.
VANDA. 607
usual distichous arrangement. The racemes are axillary and
many-flowered ; the largest on Mr. Lee's plant bore twelve
blossoms. The flowers themselves are spread out flat, and are
about four inches in diameter ; the dorsal sepal is roundish
obovate, and the smaller petals are obovate-cuneate, all these
being blush pink slightly stained with bufi" yellow ; the lateral
sepals are much larger and broader, being about two inches
across, divergent, obliquely and broadly obovate, pale nankin
outside, greenish yellow distinctly reticulated with dull
crimson over the entire surface ; the lip is small, concave,
pale purplish red at the base, the strongly recurved tip choco-
late-purple, and with three prominent keels extending from
the base to the apex. It flowers in September and October. —
Philippine Islands : Mindmiao.
'Eld.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 12t ; lllust. Eorf., 3 ser,, t. 532 ; Gard. Chron.,
N.S., XX. 440, figs. 67-68 (habit and inflorescence).
Syn. — Esmeralda Sanderiana.
Y. Stangeana, Bchh. f. — A species somewhat resembling
T^ 7(OA'/>!()7//a7, producing from four to five flowers on a spike.
The sepals and petals inside are at first greenish, afterwards
ochre-coloured, tessellated with dark purple-brown ; the
auricles of lip are blunt, white with yellow and some mauve-
blue spots, the centre lobe cordate triangular, emarginate at
the apex, white with mauve-blue, or wholly mauve-blue. — -
Assam.
V. SUavis, Lindley. — A truly magnificent species, and one
of the finest of Orchids for exhibition purposes. It is a
strong-growing plant of erect habit, with lorate flaccid re-
curved dark green leaves, obliquely dentate at the apex. The
peduncles are axillary, and bear a bold elongate raceme of
large handsome flowers, which are very freely produced, and
deliciously fragrant. The sepals and petals are bluntly spa-
thulate, the dorsal sepal and two petals turned backwards away
from the lip, convex, much undulated, and sublobate, the
petals twisted so as to bring their hinder face foremost, all
pure white unspotted outside, but on the inner surface freely
spotted and barred with rich blood-purple ; the convex three-
lobed lip has the front lobe narrow, deeply bifid, and of a
pale rosy purple, while the lateral lobes are ovate, flat, and of
a deeper bright rosy purple. It blossoms at difierent periods
of the year, and lasts a long time in perfection. So noble
and sweet a plant should find a home in every Orchid ccUec-
G08 ORCHID -grower's manual.
tion. According to Lindley the plant figured in Botanical
Magazine, t. 4432, is a yellow-flowered variety of F. suavis,
which he calls Y. s. flava. — Java.
YlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5174 ; Batem. 2nd Cent. Orch. PI, 1. 125 ; Pescatorea
t. 8 (media) ; Jennings, Orch., t. 23 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard., ii. t. 42, fig. 3
Orchid Album, iv. t. 180; Puydt, Les Orch., t. 47; Xenia Orch., i. t. 12
Hort. Franq., 1861, t. 1 ; Flore des Serres, t. 641, fig. 3; Id., tt. 1604-5
(Hrubyana) ; Gard. Chiton., N,s., xxii. 237, fig. 47 (Wingate's var.).
V. suavis Gottsclialckei, Williams. — This is the finest
variety of V. suavis that has ever come under our notice. It
was first flowered in 1869 by G. Gottschalcke, Esq., of
Manchester, and exhibited by him at the Manchester
Show in that year. The stem and foliage are both much
stouter than those of the type ; the flowers, too, are much
larger, and of stouter substance and better shape. The
sepals and petals are more densely spotted than in T'^. suavis,
and the pedicels are deeply tinged with rose ; the lip is
bright rosy purple tipped with white. The flowers are
deliciously scented, and are borne at difierent times of the
year. — Java.
V. teiGS, Lindley. — A very handsome and distinct species,
of curious aspect, being of a scrambling or climbing habit of
growth, extending several feet in length, the stems as well as
the leaves being terete or cylindrical, and dark green. Its
large flowers are produced in ascending mostly two-flowered
racemes from June to August, and last four or five weeks in
beauty. The sepals are oblong obtuse, the dorsal one erect,
white slightly tinged with rose, the lateral ones twisted,
parallel with the lip, creamy white ; the petals are larger,
suborbicular and undulated, rosy magenta, lighter towards
the margins ; the lip is large, cucullate, bright rosy magenta,
strongly veined, the throat orange striped and spotted with
crimson, with a conical spur at the base, and a rounded,
dilated and emarginate apex. The racemes of flowers issue
directly from the stems at a point opposite the leaves. It is
rather a shy-flowering species with most people, but we think
this may be traced to the plant being too much dried up
during the growing season. We have found that the best way
to cultivate and flower it successfully is to place the pots which
contain the plants under a covering of damp sphagnum moss
in a warm sunny house, as near the glass as possible. An
abundance of water and air should be given to it while it is
609
making its growth ; when at rest less will suffice. — Burmah;
Martaban ; Sylhet ; Khasya.
YlGr.—Bot. Mag., t. 4114; Bot.Reg.,t. 1809; Paxton, Mag. Bot., v. 193,
with tab. ; Rev. Hurt., 1856, t. 22.
VANDA TERES.
Y. teres Andersoni, Williams.— k very fine variety of this
handsome and distinct species. It has the same habit of
growth as the type, but is far more free in blooming, pro-
ducing its flowers when quite young. The racemes are ten
inches in length, and bear from five to six flowers, which are
richer and deeper in colour than in the old form. This
plant is magnificently grown by J. Broome, Esq., Wood
Lawn, Didsbury, whose specimen, which was trained cylin-
drically, produced last year over two hundred and fifty
flowers, and was a grand object. — Sylhet.
Fig.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PL, iii. t. 2.
c c 3
610 orchid-geower's sianual.
T. teres aurora, Rchh. f. — A very pretty variety ; sepals
white ; petals white with a slight rosy tint ; throat light ochre-
colour with rosy lobes, which are furnished with two rows of
small purple dots ; column light rose purple. — Sijlhet.
V. teres Candida, Rchb. f. — A distinct and beautiful form
which was first flowered by Mr. Whittaker, gardener to Lord
Crewe. It differs from the type in bearing white flowers,
which are produced during the summer months. — Sylhet.
Y. testacea. — See Aerides Wightianum.
Y. tricolor, Lindley. — A charming free-growing species
with tall erect stems clothed with distichous lorate channelled
recurved leaves obliquely bilobed and somewhat erose at the
tip. The peduncles are axillary from the upper leaves, and
support short dense racemes of
handsome and fragrant flowers,
which are white outside. The
oblong obovate obtuse sepals and
petals are coriaceous, pale yellow,
spotted with brownish red, the lip
threelobed, the convex cuneate
deeply emarginate middle lobe
bright rosy magenta, paler at the
(much reduced). ^^P' ^^^ <lisk marked with five
white lines ; the basal lobes are
erect rounded, white ; there is a short compressed white spur,
and a short thick white column. It blooms at different times
in the year, and lasts long in perfection. There are several
varieties of this plant, some much superior to others. It
makes a superb specimen for exhibition purposes, as do all
the varieties. — Java.
YlG.—Bot. Mag., t. 4432 ; Pescatorea, t. 42 ; hi, t. 42 B (pallens) ; Paxt.
Fl. Gard., ii. t. 42 ; Floi-e des Serreit, t. 641 ; Lemaire, Jard. FL, t. 136 ;
Orchid Album., ii. t. 77 ; Puydt, Les Orch., t. 48.
Y. tricolor, Dalkeith vaviety. — This is a very high coloured
form and is one of the best varieties of this noble species
although not so large in the flower as F. tricolor jjlanilabris.
The sepals and petals are pale yellow, with rich cinnamon
brown markings, and the lip is of a rich magenta. — Java.
Y. tricolor. Downside variety. — Flowered by W. Lee, Esq.,
Downside, Leatherhead, and considered by him to be the best
VANDA TRICOLOR
611
of all the forms of V. tricolor. The flowers are large and
very rich in their colour and markings. — Java.
Y. tricolor Corningii, Williams. — A handsome and free-
ilowering variety, having very broad dark green foliage of
stout texture. The flowers are large and of good substance,
the sepals and petals rich yellow, spotted and streaked with
deep crimson, and beautifully margined on the inner and
outer surfaces with rosy purple, and the lip dark plum colour,
softened otf towards the base into a pale rose. This variety
lasts a long time in perfection. It was flowered in the fine
collection of E. Corning, Esq., of Albany, New York, under
the care of Mr. Gray. — Java.
Y. tricolor DodgSOni, Williams. — A superb variety, named
in honour of the late R. B. Dodgson, Esq., one of the most
enthusiastic cultivators of these plants, with whom it originated.
The flowers are large, and borne in great numbers on the
racemes, the sepals and petals being light amber-colour,
streaked and blotched with reddish brown and margined with
violet, and the lip large, rich purplish violet, with a few white
blotches near the base. It is very highly scented. There is
a fine plant of this variety in the collection of Baron Schroder,
Staines, where it flowers every year. — Indian Islands.
Y. tricolor insignis, Hart. — This plant, which has been
grown as V. insignis, must now take its place as a variety of
V. tricolor, since the true V. insignis has been introduced ; it
will not, however, be any the less welcome to Orchid growers
though it be but a variety of V. tricolor, for it makes a very
handsome specimen. The sepals and petals are hght yellow
spotted with crimson, and the lip is pale lilac. It blooms at
difierent times of the year, Jbut generally in spring and
autumn, and continues in bloom for six weeks. — Java.
Y. tricolor Patersoni. — A very beautiful form, flowering
when quite small. The flowers are about two inches in
diameter, the sepals and petals broad, creamy white densely
spotted with cinnamon-brown, and the lip bright magenta. —
Ja va .
Fig.— Card. Chron., N.S., xxii. 236, fig. 46.
Y. tricolor planilahris, LindUy. — One of the finest forms
of V. tricolor, having the same general habit and character as
the type, but producing larger, brighter-coloured flowers of
G12 orchid-grower's MANUAIi.
great substance. The sepals and petals are very broad,
roundish obovate clawed or narrowed to the base, citron
yellow, thickly marked with rich brown spots, those on the
claw rather elongate. The large flat lip is rose-coloured,
margined with purplish mauve and striped with chocolate-
purple on the disk. It flowers at different times of the
year. — Java.
'Em.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 87.
V. tricolor Russeliana, Hort. — This beautiful variety is
very distinct both in habit of plant and flower. It has a
peculiar and gracefully pendulous style of growth, and is,
at the same time, very robust. The racemes are long, and
the flowers very bright in colour. It bloomed with Mr,
Sorley, gardener to the late J, Russel, Esq,, of Falkirk,
and is an extremely fine variety, — Java.
Y. tricolor Warneri, Williams. — A very handsome and
most distinct variety, first flowered by E. Warner, Esq., of
Broomfield, Chelmsford, It is distinct in its growth, and has
peculiarly ribbed linear lorate leaves, while the sepals and
petals are distinctly margined with deep rose, and the lip
is deep rosy purple. — Java.
EiG.— Warner, Sel. Orch. PI, ii. t. 39.
YanILLA, Sivartz.
{Tribe Neottiese, subtribe Vanilleffi.)
This genus contains but a few species, all of which are
climbing plants, with dark green terete rooting stems, oblong
acuminate fleshy leaves rarely wanting, and short axillary
spikes or racemes of largish flowers, which in most of the
known species are dull-coloured and uninterestirg. The
sepals and petals are free and spreading, the lip adnata
with its limb, broad and concave, and its base rolled around
the elongate wingless column. The species, which number
about tweuty, occur ia t^e tropics of both hemispheres.
Vanilla is, perhaps, the only ganus of Orchidaceous plants
which is of commercial valu^ The frui's of various species
WARREA, 613
of this family produce the Vanilla go extensively used for
flavouring chocolate, liqueurs, ices, &c., and which is con-
sidered one of the finest of aromatic perfumes.
Culture. — These plants require strong heat during their
growing season, and should be potted in peat and sphagnum
moss, and have either some rough logs of wood to grow
upon, or should be trained against a wall. They produce
roots freely from their climbing stems, and are consequently
readily increased by means of cuttings.
V. Phalsenopsis, Bchb. /. — An exceedingly interesting
plant, and one which is quite an exception to the rest of
the species, as it produces very showy flowers. It is of
climbing habit, producing long rooting leafless stems as
thick as one's little finger, terete fleshy and channelled on
one side. The flowers are large, three inches across, and
borne in umbels at the ends of the flowering branches, six
or seven flowers being produced in an umbel, with a few
ovate deep green bracts below. The sepals are ovate oblong
acute, of a faint blush white, keeled behind, the two lateral
ones divided quite down to the base on the lower side ; the
petals are more ovate and less sharply pointed, somewhat
repand, of the same pale blush white, and channelled down the
centre ; and the lip is folded in a broadly funnel-shaped form
with an oblique recurved repand obtuse limb, the outer side
pale rosy blush, the inside tawny orange, rather over an inch
long, and three-fourths of an inch wide. It is exceedingly
rare, but well deserving of the attention of Orchid growers. —
Madagascar.
¥lG.— Flore des Serves, tt. 1769-70 ; Put/cU, Les Orch., t. 49,
"WaEEEA, Lindley.
{Tribe Yandege, suhtribe Cyrtopodiese.)
This is a small group of terrestrial Orchids, separated by
Dr. Lindley from the old genus Maxillaria. They are pseudo-
bulbous, with few distichous plicate-venose reed-like leaves,
and tall radical scapes bearing a loose raceme of subglobose
614 okchid-grower's manuaj..
nearly regular expanded flowers, which have a short rounded
chin, and a sessile concave lip, with a crest of elevated fleshy
lines on the disk. The few species are found in Peru and
Colombia.
Culture. — The same as that noted for Phajus.
W. cyanea, LindUy. — A very pretty distinct and rare species,
producing from the roots a close upright tuft of evergreen
foliage, and slender radical scapes bearing a short erect
raceme of pleasing but rather small flowers. The leaves are
broadly lanceolate and strongly ribbed, and enfold each other
distichously at the base ; and the flowers have ovate acute white
sepals and petals, and a roundish cuneate lip undulated at the
tip, and bearing five elevated lines. It blooms in June, last-
ing a long time in beauty. It requires to be grown in a pot,
with peat and good drainage, in the East Indian house. — •
ColomJna.
'ElG.—Bot. Reg., 1845, t. 28.
"W, cyanea alba, Bchh. f. — A very pretty variety of this
old and much-admired species, the lip of which is pure white
instead of being blue as in the type.
"W. tricolor, LincUey. — A very distinct and handsome
species. It has oblong terete attenuated jointed pseudobulbs,
and long-stalked lanceolate plicate leaves, growing up with
the lateral flower scape, which is purple jointed and about
two feet in height, and bears at the top a raceme of
eight or ten rather large globose drooping flowers. The
roundish ovate concave sepals and petals are yellowish white,
the two lateral sepals being continued backwards so as to
form a blunt spur ; and the lip is obovate, cucuUate at the
base, white at the edge, beautifully marked inside with yellow
and deep purple. There are three elevated fleshy ridges on
the disk. The blossoms are produced in June and July, and
last a long time in perfection. It requires the same treat-
ment as W. cyanea. There are several other species known.
—Brazil.
YiG.—Bof. Mag., t. 4235 ; Lodd. Eoi. Cub., t. 18S4.
Syn. — Muxillaria Warreana.
WARSCEWICZELLA. 615
"WaESCEWICZELLA, Rciclunhach M.
{Tribe Yandex, subtrihe Cyrtopodiese.)
A small group of epiphytal ebulbous species, sometimes
included in Zygopetalum. It has the sepals and petals
lanceolate, obliquely inserted, often undulated, and the lip,
which is continuous with the short foot of the column, is
clawed and dilated, bearing on its disk a depressed callus.
The plants are without pseudobulbs, and the scapes are one-
flowered. There are about half a dozen species, all from
Central America.
Culture. — The treatment recommended for Zygopetalum
will also suit these plants. They are often killed by haviDg
too much heat, and they must have plenty of water all the
year round,, for they seem never to require any rest. They
will do on blocks, but if on blocks live sphagnum should be
put about their roots ; or they may be grown in pots with
peat and moss, and good drainage.
"W, aromatica, Rchb. f. — A rare and little-known plant, <ji
moderately vigorous growth, the cuneate oblong acute leaves
springing from the root crown, along with the erect scape,
which bears a solitary flower three or four inches in diameter,
of which the lanceolate acute sepals and petals are white,
and the large obreniform multilobulate slightly crispy lip is
azure darkening to purple at the base, aud having a white
border ; the disk is smooth, and at the contracted base is
a large semi-lunate many-furrowed callus. It emits a very
strong but agreeable perfume, and succeeds in a pot with
peat and sphagnum moss. — Central America : Cliinqui.
YiG.—Xenia Orch., i. t. 73 ; Card. Chron., 1868, 75, with fig.
Syn. — Zygopetalum aromaticum ; Huntleya aromatica.
W. Candida, Bchh. f. — An extremely rare and handsome
species of dwarf habit, seldom growing more than eight or
nine inches in height. It has no pseudobulbs, but the few
oblong-ligulate leaves form a loose distichous tuft, from the
axils of which both the roots and peduncles are protruded.
616 oechid-gkowek's manual.
The flowers are two and a half inches across, the lanceolate
acute sepals and the broader reflexed petals white, and the
quadrato-hastate lip rosy purple in the centre, with a broad
bluish-tinted margin, the disk bearing a large obtriangular
ivory white callus with a retuse five-toothed apex, and marked
with five distinct bluish purple bars. — Bahia.
FlG.—Pescatorea, t. 15 ; Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. 32, fig. 22.
Syn, — Warrea Candida ; Huntleya Candida; H, radians,
"W. velata, Rchh. f. et Warscew. — A very beautiful and
fragrant species, growing about a foot high, ebulbous, with a
few oblong-ligulate acute leaves, a span long, springing with
the shorter stoutish peduncle from the crown of roots. The
flowers are solitary, the oblong broadly ovate acute sepals and
petals and narrower lateral sepals all spreading upwards,
yellowish white, and the large broad flat five-lobed lip yellow-
ish white, margined with crimson, the disk radiately striate
with numerous purple-crimson bars ; at the base is a stout
callus resembling a semicircular row of five or seven teeth. —
New Grenada.
¥iG.—Bot. Mag., t. 5582; Xenia OrcJi., i. t. 23, fig. 1 ; BeJr/. Eort., 187S,
t. 10, fig. 4.
Syn. — Zygopetalum velatum.
W. Wailesiana, Rchb. f. — A very elegant little species, with
dark evergreen leaves, and flowers of moderate size, having
the sepals and petals white or cream-coloured, and the
roundish concave lip white, stained along the centre with
violet ; there is at the base a crest of five radiating violet
finger-like bars, which are free except at their origin. The
flowers smell like those of the sweet pea. It blooms during
the autumn months, lasting long in perfection. — Brazil.
IPiG.—Paxt. FI. Gard., i. 73, fig. 48; Belg. Eort., 1878, t. 10, fig. 1.
Syn. — Warrea Wailesiana.
"W. Wendlandii, Bchh. f. — A very desirable and handsome
ebulbous species, having a tuft of distichous oblong-Hgulate
leaves, and stout axillary peduncles, bearing flowers from four
to five inches in diameter, the lanceolate sepals and petals
white, somewhat twisted ; the hp ovate cordate, multilobulate
and much undulated at the margins, recurved at the apex,
white, with a large oblong blotch of violet-purple, longitudinally
marked by about seven darker purple lines, and having a
semilunate frill or rufi" with seven to nine violet-purple ribs.
It flowers during August and September. — Costa Bica.
Syn. — Zygopetalum Wendlandii,
ZYGOPETALUU.
617
W. Wendlandii discolor, Bchh. /.—A very pretty and
desirable variety, with light green evergreen foliage, and
peduncles bearing solitary flowers, which are produced singly
from the axils of the leaves, and are deliciously scented ; they
have the lanceolate sepals and petals yellowish green, and the
ovate cordate lip about one and a half inch broad, much
crisped and minutely lobed at the margin, white, having a
large bright violet blotch in the centre. It flowers during
August and September, and continues about two weeks in
perfection. — Costa Fdca.
Fig.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 126.
ZyGOPETALDM, Hooker.
( Tribe Vandea;, suhiribe Cyrtopodiea3.)
This genus comprises a considerable number of handsome
plants of epiphytical habit, with stout pseudobulbs, distichous
venose evergreen leaves, and terminal scapes bearing a
raceme of large and showy flowers. The sepals and petals
are spreading, united at the base, and the lip is affixed to the
foot of the column, and is slightly incumbent, forming a short
chin, its middle lobe flat and spreading, and the disk bearing
a transverse crest, which, from being ribbed or plaited, has
the appearance of a rufi" or frill. There are some score or
more species known, found chiefly in Tropical and Central
America. The name is sometimes written Zijgopetalon.
The flowers are generally produced during the winter months,
a circumstance which makes them specially valuable as
decorative plants.
Culture. — Most of the species are rather large-growing
plants, of easy culture. The Cattleya house is the most
suitable place in which to grow them, and they are best kept
in pots, with peat and good drainage, and with plenty of
water at the roots when growing. They are propagated by
dividing the plants.
618 okohid-gbowek's manual.
Z. brachypetalum, Lindley. — A handsome species, with
ensiform lanceolate leaves, shorter than the tall many-flowered
scape ; the flowers are showy, with short stiff" convex oblong
obtuse sepals and petals, which are brown, a little marbled
with green, much more brown than green from the blotches
running together, the transverse roundish emarginate lip,
which is white, veined with deep bluish violet. The crest
or frill of the lip is closely striped with blue. It blooms in
December, lasting long in perfection. — Brazil : Minas.
Fig. — Journ. Hort. Soc, iv. p. xi., with fig.
Z. Burkei, Rchb. f. — A new and very distinct species,
which was exhibited by Messrs. Veitch and Sons at the Royal
Horticultural Society in November, 1883. The pseudobulbs
are clustered, narrow oblong, furrowed, about three inches
long, bearing a couple of elongate lanceolate acuminate
nervose leaves, and a radical scape with four or five curiously
marked elegant flowers, of which the ovate lanceolate sepals
and petals are green, thickly marked with longitudinal bands
of brown, which here and there break up into spots ; the
unguiculate obovate lip is white, with a ruff of about thirteen
crimson plaits or folds. It flowers in November and Decem-
ber,— Guiana ; Demerara.
Fid.— Orchid Album, iii. t. 142.
Z. Clayi, Rchh. f. — This distinct and beautiful hybrid, the
result of a cross between Z. crinitum and Z. maxillare, was
raised by Colonel Clay, of Birkenhead, and flowered for the
first time in 1877. We had the honour of distributing this
plant, having purchased the entire stock from him. It is of
very free- growing habit, having oblong furrowed pseudobulbs
about three inches long, and evergreen lanceolate nervose
leaves a foot and a half in length. It is also a very free-
flowering plant, producing its large showy blossoms in
racemes on radical scapes at diff'erent times of the year
according to its period of growth. The sepals and petals
are deep purplish brown, with a narrow green margin and
transverse bands of the same running through and in some
cases forming broad blotches ; the hp is broad, an inch and a
half wide, deep violet-purple with darker purple lines, and
paler at the edge, the ruff or callus being whitish with bluish
violet plaits. — Garden hybrid.
Fig.— Orchid Album, ii. t. 50 ; Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 2G7.
.- ^\
M
o
1
ZYGOPETALUM. 619
Z. crinitum, Loddir/cs. — A handsome species, with ovate
pseudobulbs, and lorate-lanceohxte plicate leaves, shorter
than the scapes, which spring from the base of the bulb and
support a raceme of several large beautifully variegated
flowers, which are produced in winter, and last a long
time in perfection. Sometimes two spikes come from the
same pseudobulb. The oblong-lanceolate sepals and petals
are green, barred with brown, and the broad obovate emar-
ginate lip is white or cream-coloured, streaked with coloured
veins which are densely hairy. The callus is small and
incurved, yellow. The best variety is that called CCeruleum,
Hort., which has the veins of a deep bright blue. There is
another form with the veins pink. — Brazil.
FiG.—Bot. Mag., t. 3402 ; Lodd. Bot, Cab., t. 1C87.
Syn. — Z, Mackayi crinitum.
Z. Gautieri, Lemaire. — An elegant and most desirable plant.
The pseudobulbs are oblong, deeply furrowed, and bear dark
green elongate-oblong plaited leaves. The flowers are large,
several in a drooping raceme on scapes springing up with
and in the midst of the young leaf tufts ; the sepals and
petals are oblong acute, green, heavily blotched and trans-
versely barred with brown, and the lip is deep purplish blue,
lighter at the edge, the ruff" or frill around the column large
and of a deep velvety purple. There are several varieties of
this plant in which the colour of the lip ranges from a pale
mauve to a deep bluish purple. This species grows well
either in a basket or on a raft. — Brazil.
Fm.—Illmt. Eort, t. 535 (pale lip) ; Orchid Album, i. t. 28.
Z. intermedium, Loddiges. — A free-growing, useful o
plant, easily grown, and a profuse bloomer ; its flowers begi
to open during autumn, and continue in full perfection fo
five or six weeks. The leaves are ensiform, shorter than the
raceme of flowers, of which the oblong acute sepals and petals
are green tinged with brown ; and the large flat roundish
bilobed undulated hp is blue streaked with deep purple, and
clothed with a downy pubescence. Eeichenbach makes it a
variety of Z. Mackayi. — Brazil.
Syn. — Z. velutinum,
Z. Mackayi, Hooker. — A very handsome plant, producing
long spikes of large flowers during the winter months, and
lasting in perfection a long time. The pseudobulbs are
large ovate and scarred, with numerous distichous linear-
620 oeohid-gkower's manual.
lanceolate leaves, and a radical scape, a foot and a half
long, bearing a raceme of five or six large and very effec-
tive flowers, which have yellowish green lanceolate sepals
and petals blotched with purplish brown, and a large
horizontally spreading roundish undulated emarginate lip,
white, marked all over with lines and spots of purplish blue,
the disk bearing a large convex ruff" or frill, which is also white
striped with blue. There are several varieties of this plant,
some much finer than others. — Brazil.
¥iG.—Bot. Mag., t. 2748 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., 1. 166-4 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot., iii.
97, with tab.
Z. Mackayi intermediuin, Hort. — A very fine and distinct
plant, having the leaves longer than in Z. Mackayi. The
flowers are of a paler colour than in the type, with a fine
large expanded lip, and are produced during the winter
-Brazil.
7i, maxillare, Loddiges. — ^A free-flowering and handsome
species, producing its drooping spikes at different times in the
year, and keeping in beauty for a long time. We have had
this species with seventy flowers on a plant at one time.
It has oblong furrowed pseudobulbs, lance-shaped nervosa
leaves attenuated to the base, and large showy flowers on
radical scapes. The ovate oblong acute sepals and petals are
green, transversely blotched and barred with chocolate-brown,
and the lip, which has a blunt spur and a large roundish front
lobe, is of a rich bluish purple. The large frill or ruff on the
disk is of a deeper purple, crenate, shaped like a horse's hoof
(unguliform) and united to the small erect lateral lobes of the
lip. This will do well on a raft or in a basket. — Brazil.
'Fig.— Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1776 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3686 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot.,
iv. 271, with tab ; Gartenflora, 1879, 315, w'ith fig.
Z. rostratum, Hooker. — A showy and rare free-flowering
species, which blossoms three times a year, and lasts six
weeks in perfection. This makes a fine exhibition plant when
well grown. We have shown it with twenty or more flowers,
and grown like this it is a beautiful object. It requires
more heat and moisture than any of the other species. The
plant has a creeping rhizome, forming at intervals an oblong-
ovate subcompressed pseudobulb. The leaves and scapes
appear on the young growths, the former lanceolate acute
plaited, the latter one to two-flowered, radical. The flowers
OKCHLDS FOR THE GREENHOUSE, &C. 621
are .large, six inches in depth, the dorsal sepal and two
petals linear-lanceolate, three inches long, whitish at the
hase, then green with the centre marked with dull brownish
purple ; the lip is ovate recurved, nearly three inches long,
white, yellowish behind the disk, which bears a small ungulate
frill or ruff of pale lilac-purple, about ten lines of the same
colour radiating from it towards the front. — Denierara.
Fig.— But. Mag., t. 2819 ; Orchid Album, ii. t. 78.
Syn. — Zygosepalon rostratum,
Z. Sedenii, Bchh.f. — A distinct and showy hybrid, between
Z. maxillare and Z. Machayi, partaking in its growth most
of the character of the last-named or male parent. It has
narrow lanceolate plaited leaves, and bold racemes of large
showy flowers, of which the sepals and petals are deep
purphsh brown, with a very narrow even border of pale green,
and not barred or blotched as in the parents ; the lip is broad
roundish emarginate, rich bluish purple, deeper towards the
base, and breaking out into forked veins near the margin ;
the frill or ruff is bold and of a bluish purple. — Garden
liybrid.
Fig.— Floral Mag., 2 ser., t. 417; Gartenflora, 1883, 280, with fig.
ORCHIDS FOR THE GREENHOUSE, COLD FRAME,
OR PIT.
E are glad to find that the remarks made in former
editions of this work have induced many persons
to turn their attention to these beautiful plants, for
there are many Orchids, which yield most exquisite flowers,
that will thrive without any artificial heat. Orchid growers
too often set on one side all those which do not succeed without
warm treatment. Our object in introducing the subject is
to bring into notice some of those beautiful terrestrial plants
from the South of Africa, North America, the South of
Europe, and Australia, which at present are only seen at rare
intervals, but which when seen are always admired. Their
G22 orchid-gkower's manual.
culture also opens a field for many not possessing the advan-
tages of an East Indian and Mexican Orchid house, or,
indeed, any plant house, to commence the study of this
beautiful class.
The terrestrial species, from the Cape and other places,
■which do not, as a rule, produce large flowers, are yet most
exquisitely coloured, and many of them most fantastic in
shape. We have, moreover, some fine things yet to intro-
duce from the Cape. Mr. Plant, in describing some of the
rarities he met with in one of his journeys in South Africa,
writes: — "The Terrestrial Orchids are numerous and very
beautiful. In my opinion, there are many here but little
inferior to the most showy of the epiphytous kinds. Fancy
a plant with the general character of an Ophnjs, producing a
spike of bloom as large and as thickly set as those of Sacco-
labium guttatum, often, indeed, measuring two feet in length,
of a bright salmon colour, intermixed with as bright a yellow.
Another with plaited foliage, and a nodding head of some
twenty bright yellow blossoms, having a deep stain of
crimson on the cucuUate lip, in the manner and of the size
of a Dendrohium. Again, another with fleshy leaves and an
erect stem of about two feet, supporting from fifteen to
thirty large yellow flowers, the lip lined and blotched with
pale purple, bearing the aspect of some robust Epidendrum.''
Many of these fine things would no doubt ere now have
enriched our gardens, had Mr. Plant been spared to return
alive. What can be more gorgeous than the Bisa grandi-
flora ? There are numerous members of this family at the
Cape, and though they are not so large in the flower as the
species just named, yet they are exquisitely beautiful. Again,
the elegance of the North American Cypripediums is not
surpassed by that of those which inhabit the tropics.
Now all these can be cultivated in a cool greenhouse or
ORCHIDS FOR THE GREENHOUSE, &C. 623
frame, either planted out or in pots. Indeed, many of the
terrestrial kinds will succeed well in the open air if a little
care is bestowed upon the selection and preparation of the
situation. The number of species we have here enumerated
is not great ; but in the course of a few years they might
receive numerous accessions if plant-loving ladies and
gentlemen, as well as gardeners, would take up the
growth of these beautiful plants. Any one having friends
at the Cape, or in North America, or Australia, should
strongly impress upon them the desirableness of sending
home the tubers of any Orchids they may find. By this
means we should soon make many valuable additions to our
collections.
The Orchids described in the following selection are all
terrestrial species, and in cultivation must not be elevated
above the rim of the pot, as is the custom with the epiphytal
kinds, but there must be a space of an inch or more from the
rim to the soil, to allow of a sufficient quantity of water being
given at one time. The soil best adapted for their growth is
a mixture of good fibrous loam, turfy peat and silver sand,
adding more or less of each, according to the peculiar habitat
of the particular plant to be potted. They must all have
good drainage, and the addition of lumps of sandstone or of
charcoal to the soil will have a beneficial effect, serving to
keep the mass open, and the roots cool and moist. They are
mostly propagated by division of the roots, just as the fresh
growth commences ; and though they all require a season of
rest, they must never be allowed to become dry at the roots,
nor must the temperature be allowed to be lower in winter
than from 35° to 40° — not that certain kinds will not with-
stand some few degrees of frost, but we beHeve they will all
thrive far better if not subjected to such extremes. In the
growing season, abundance of water should be poured round
624
OBCHID-GKOWEE S MANUAL.
and about them, to keep a moist and cool atmosphere, in
which they deHght.
A SELECTION OF GREENHOUSE AND FRAME ORCHIDS.
Cypripedium Calceolus, Limi. — This, though a British
species, is so rare and beautiful, that it well deserves a place
in every collection. It grows about a foot high ; the leaves
are oval, smooth, and dark green ; the
flowers yellow and brown. Fig, — En(/.
(A Bot., t. 1 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 363.—
Europe.
Cypripedium candidum, Willd. — An ele-
gant little species which at present is rare
in cultivation. The leaves are somewhat
lanceolate, dark green ; the flowers are pro-
duced singly and are of moderate size, the
sepals and petals green with brown streaks,
the latter slightly twisted, and the lip is
CYPRIPEDIUM somewhat oblong, white, spotted with
CALCEOLUS. brownish purple inside. It is a very de-
sirable plant. Fig. — Flore des Serres, t. 962. — North America
and Canada.
Cypripedium guttatum, Sicartz. — A perfect little gem,
making a stem about three inches high, with two broad ovate
elliptic leaves and a single flower, which is large, white, most
beautifully blotched and spotted with rich purple. It is found
in boggy, swampy places. Fig. — Fl. des Serres, t. 573. —
Canada and Siberia.
Cypripedium liumile, Salisb.—A pretty stemless species,
the oblong slightly hairy light green leaves of which are
produced in pairs ; the large and beautiful flowers are borne
singly upon short scapes from the centre of the plant, and
have a very large rose-coloured lip veined with deeper red,
the sepals purple ; it flowers in May, and retains its beauty
for a considerable time. Fig. — Bot. Mag., t. 192 ; Sweet,
Brit. Fl. Gard., v. t. 161. Syn.— C. acaule. — North
America.
Cypripedium Irapeanum, LJave. — A most beautiful tall-
growing species, with large flowers, four to five inches across,
SELECTION OF GREENHOUSE AND FRAME ORCHIDS.
625
of a bright golden yellow. Being somewhat tender it should
be grown where protection can be given to it. The Flor de
Pelicuno of the Mexicans. Fig. — Bot. Reg., 1846, t. 58. —
Upper Mexico, where it is found at an elevation of 2,000 to
5,000 feet.
Cypripedium japonicum, Thunb. — A very beautiful hardy
species, which has a creeping scaly rhizome, and a pair of
flabellate leaves. The flower segments are greenish sprinkled
with reddish dots, the lip is whitish sufi'used with pink. It
should be potted in light sandy loam, and have plenty of
water during the growing season. Fig. — Bhime, Orch. Ind.
Arch, et Jap., t. 59 ; Gard. Chron., n.s. iii. 625, fig. 129 ; Fl.
des Serres, tt. 2064-5. — Japan.
Cypripedium macrantlmni, Swartz. — One of the finest and
most distinct of the terrestrial section. It grows about ten
inches high, has oblong acute leaves, and produces its charm-
ing large purple flowers early in June. Fig. — Bot. Mag., t.
Bot. Ren., t. 1534. — Siberia ; Altai.
Cypripedium parviflorum, Salisb. — A handsome fragrant
species, somewhat resembling C. Calceolus, but taller ; the
stem and oval acuminate leaves are slightly downy, the sepals
and petals a little twisted, yellow streaked with reddish
brown, the lip large and round, and wholly of a rich yellow.
Fig.— Boi. Mag., t. 3024 ; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., i.t. 80.—
North America.
Cypripedium pubescens,
Willd. — This fine plant
makes a stem a foot high or
more, with large oval acute
downy light green leaves,
and produces in June its
charming yellow and purple
flowers, which continue in
perfection for a very long
time. Fig. — Bot. Mag., t.
911 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t.
895. — North America.
Cypripedium spectabile,
Sivartz. — A superb plant,
growing from one to two
CYPRIPEDIUM SPECTABILE.
D D
626 oechid-grower's manual.
feet high, and supporting large downy leaves, with beautiful
rose and white flowers. It generally blooms in May and
June, and makes one of the finest plants for exhibition pur-
poses, the flowers being so distinct from those of any other
Cypripeditmi. Fig. — Bot. Rey., i 1666 ; Bot. Mag., t. 216.
— North America.
Cypripedium spectabile album, Sweet.— This charming
variety resembles the preceding in habit of growth, and
also in its foliage and inflorescence, but its large flowers are
of a uniform creamy white, and are very attractive. Fig. —
Sweet, Brit. Ft. Gard., iii. t. 240. — North America.
Disa. — This is a rather extensive family, but those we here
describe are the finest of the species. There are others in
cultivation ; but as they have not yet flowered, it is impos-
sible to determine which they really are. Nearly the whole
of the species are well worth growing, for although their
flowers are not so large as those of D. r/randi flora, they are
very handsome, and of easy culture. The following, some
of which we have seen growing, though not flowering, are well
worthy of attention — D. cernua, flowers green and yellow ;
D. chrysostachija, golden yellow ; D. cornuta, purple and
white ; D. Draconis, white and dark blue ; D. gramini/olia,
azure ; D. lacera, white ; D. longicornis, blue ; D. maculata,
spotted blue ; D. melaleuca, brown and white ; D. patens,
yellow ; D. prasinata, green and reddish purple ; D. race-
mosa, purple ; D. rufescens, purple ; D. spathidata, pale
blue ; D. tenuifolia, yellow. Many more might be named ;
but enough has been said to show that we have a rich stock
of novelties in store yet.
The best mode of treatment for these plants is to pot them
in shallow pans, in some good fibrous peat in a rather rough
state, with a little silver sand, well-rotted manure, and live
sphagnum moss added to it. They require a Hberal supply
of water during the growing and flowering season. During
the time they are making vigorous growth, they may be
syringed twice a day, or even oftener. This is far better
than using a watering-pot, as it serves the purpose of a
shower of rain, and helps to keep the red spider from the
leaves— an insect which is very injurious to them. Green
fly is also very troublesome ; it should be kept under by
washing them with a sponge and cold water. The plants rest
after the flowering season is over, and during this time less
SELECTION OF GREENHOUSE AND FRAME ORCHIDS. 627
moisture is required. It is a good plan, after this growing
and flowering season is past, to place the plants in rather a
shady part of the garden, and syringe them occasionally, but
not to keep them too moist, as they may probably perish if
allowed to get dry at any time. The most suitable time for
potting them is just as they are beginning- to make roots,
which is usually in the months of January and February.
These plants are easily propagated, as they throw up
suckers in abundance. These should be left till well rooted,
and then be taken off and potted in the material recom-
mended for established plants ; after which they must be
kept moist, and in the shade, until they make fresh roots.
When they become established, place them near the light,
and apply more water to the roots. What they principally
require is coolness and moisture at the roots, and a good
season of growth during the winter months. The late C.
Leach, Esq., of Clapham Park, grew the D. grandiflora in
cold pits, and we never saw any shown in better condition
than his plants were, which had been thus grown by him for
years with undeviating success.
Disa Barellii, Hort. — This is a showy and handsome species
in the way of D. grandiflora. The flowers are orange-
scarlet with the lip of a lighter shade of the same colour and
marked with crimson veins. It should receive the same
treatment as D. grandiflora. Fig. — Floral Mag., 2 ser., t.
104..— South Africa.
Disa crassicornis, Lindhy. — A very distinct and handsome
species, which was first flowered in the Glasnevin Botanic
Gardens in 1879. The stems are robust, leafy, one to two
feet high, the leaves lanceolate much acuminate, and the
raceme of flowers terminating the stem about a foot high
bearing eight flowers, which are white spotted with deep
purple, the hood conical, ending in a long slender spur. It is
an extremely rare species, and flowers in September. Fig. —
Bot. Mag. t. 6529. Syn. — Disa megaceras [Hook, fil.). —
South Africa.
Disa grandiflora, Linn. — This fine plant attains the height
of a foot or eighteen inches, bearing on the stems numerous
lanceolate acute leaves, and at the top from two to five of its
beautiful scarlet flowers, which are three to four inches
in diameter, with the large spreading lateral sepals crimson,
and the dorsal one paler on the outside, and within bluish
DD 2
628 oechid-geower's manual.
delicately veined with crimson. The blossoms are borne in
June and July, and last a very long time in perfection. Fig.
—Bot. Reg., t. 926; Bot. 2Iag., t. 4073. Syn.— Dm
uniflora. — South Africa.
Disa grandiflora SUperlia, Moore. — This certainly ranks
among the very finest of greenhouse Orchids. It has a
creeping underground stem which throws up young shoots
of a light green colour. The flower stems grow to the
height of two to three feet, bearing the lanceolate leaves,
and at the top part from two to eight flowers, each more
than four inches in diameter, of a bright scarlet and crim-
son, veined with pink ; the blossoms are generally pro-
duced in June, July, and August, and continue for five or six
weeks. It makes a fine plant for exhibition on account of ita
splendid colour. This plant was well grown by the late Mr.
Thomas Speed at Chatsworth. We remember on one occa-
sion receiving from him a spike which was two feet six inches
in length and bore twelve flowers. Fig. — Warner, Sel. Orch.
PL, i.t. 36; Florist and Pomol, 1863, 105, t. 221.— Sowi/i
Africa.
EulopMa Dregeana, Lindley. — Of this large genus, there
are not many species in cultivation ; indeed, the greater
portion are not sufiiciently showy to render them worthy of
the attention of amateurs with limited space ; yet there are
some very pretty ones. E. Dregeana, which flowered in
the collection of Lord Eversley, at Heckfield, is well worth
growing. It has thick fleshy rhizomes, and is of free habit,
with ensiform acuminate leaves, and erect scapes bearing
many-flowered dense racemes of flowers which resemble
little doves hanging by their beaks ; the sepals and petals
are chocolate colour, and the oblong three-lobed lip white.
It requires the same treatment as the Cypripedinins. — South
Africa.
Goodyera pubescens, B. Br. — A charming species of dwarf
habit, already noticed at p. 335. The foliage is green,
enriched with silvery reticulated markings, and is in appear-
ance something like that of Pkysurus argenteus. It is a
beautiful foliage plant, suitable for the cold frame. To culti-
vate this well, put some live sphagnum moss with the peat,
and also a portion of silver sand, and mix them well together.
It requires a liberal supply of water ; in fact, it should never
SELECTION OF GKEENHOUSE AND FRAME ORCHIDS.
629
be allowed to get dry at the roots. G. piihescens minor
(tesseUata) is figured in Bot. Mag., t. 2540. Fig. — Sweet,
Brit. Ft. Gard., iv. t. 47 ; Lodd. ^Bot. Cab., t. 1.
Habenaria Ciliaris, R. Br. — A very pretty and rare species,
which has been for a long time an inhabitant of our gardens.
It grows a foot or more in height, has light green ovate
lanceolate leaves, and terminates in a dense oblong spike of
orange-yellow flowers, the lip of which is beautifully fringed.
It requires the same treatment as Cyjmpediimis. Fig. — Bot.
Mag., t. 1668; Andr. Bot. Bep., i. t. 42. — North America.
LisSOcMlus SpeciosUS, R. Br. — A free-growing kind, noticed
at p. 375. It is an old inhabitant of our gardens, though
it is so much neglected as rarely ever to be seen. With
proper treatment, it grows about two feet in height, and pro-
duces in June its spikes of magnificent yellow butterfly -like
flowers, which remain in their beauty for a considerable time.
Fig. — Bot. Beg., t. 578 ; Paxton, Mag. Bot.,i\. 25, with tab.
— South Africa.
OrcMs. — A beautiful genus, containing many species well
worthy of general cultivation. They require soil and treat-
ment similar to those described in our introductory remarks.
In their habit of growth they may be compared to Hyacinths.
OrcMs Miosa, Solander. — This, though rarely seen, makes
a very fine exhibition plant. It has been exhibited in splendid
condition by the late A. Turner, Esq.,
Leicester, and has frequently been
shown in our own coUectiou, where
it has always attracted universal ad-
miration. It grows about a foot and
a half high, has oblong lanceolate
acuminate leaves, and in May and _^
June produces its deuse oblong ^"^^ ^ MM^^ik
spikes of beautiful purple darker
spotted flowers, which continue in
perfection for some time. It should
be in every collection. Fig. — Bot.
Mag., t. 5074 ; Batern. 27id Cent.,
t. 170 ; Bot. Beg., t. 1701.— Madeira.
OrcMs longicornis, Smith. — A really beautiful species. It
blooms generally from about December to the end of May ;
ORCHIS FOLIOSA.
630 orchid-grower's manuai..
and as these plants are so easily grown, if not much disturbed
or kept too warm, it is surprising that they are so neglected
by the majority of Orchid growers. It grows from twelve
to twenty inches high, and has oblong-linear obtuse leaves,
and densely set flower spikes. The flowers have the side
lobes of the lip roundish and dark purple, and middle lobe
white spotted with crimson, the two parts forming a striking
contrast ; they have a very long spur. Fig. — Bot. Mag.,
t. 1944 ; Bot. Reg., t. 202 ; Florist, 1853, t. 74.- South 'of
Exirope ; Barbary.
Orcllis maculata SUperba, Hon. — This is a very fine variety
of our British species, 0. maculata. There are many of the
native species which are very interesting, though they are
difficult to manage, or get the credit of being so, because no
one perseveres with them and endeavours to understand their
peculiar requirements. The present plant has bloomed very
finely with us upon several occasions, and is well worth general
cultivation. It grows about eighteen inches high, the leaves
dark green, beautifully spotted with purple, and the flower
spikes about a foot long, densely set with the beautiful flowers,
which are a rich mauve, spotted and blotched with purple,
and which last in perfection a long time. It flowers in May
and June, and is a good match plant for 0. foliosa. — Europe.
Platanttiera incisa, Lindley. — An interesting and pretty
herbaceous Orchid growing from a foot to a foot and a half
high, with obtusely lanceolate stem-leaves deep green in
colour, and oblong many-flowered terminal racemes with small
thickly set handsome fragrant flowers of a rich purple, the lip
being three-parted and deeply fringed. — North America.
Satyrium aureum, Paxton. — This represents a very inte-
resting genus of Orchids which succeeds admirably in a cold
frame, in turfy peat and fibry loam and sand, with plenty of
drainage. As is the case in other genera, some species are
much handsomer than others. S. aureum. is a really fine thing,
growing a foot or more in height, producing its deep orange
flowers, which are shaded with rich crimson, in July and
August, and continuing in perfection a long time. We saw it
growing very freely at Heckfield, in the collection of Lord
Eversley, where many curious and interesting terrestrial
species are to be found. Fig. — Paoct. Mag. Bot., xv. 81,
with tab. — South Africa.
^^IDDElSriD.^.
Acacallis Cyanea, Lindley. — A very fine and distinct
Orchid with blue flowers, allied to Huntleya and Warrea,
but distinguished by its long narrow hypocbil, saccate and
five-lobed in front, its short three-horned mesochil, and its
concave epichil, which is ribbed at the base. The pseudo-
bulbs are ovate, one-leaved, the leaves are upwards of a foot
long and three inches broad, tapered below into a furrowed
petiole ; and the flowers, which are as large as those of
Odontoglosswn Pescatorei, grow in close erect five-flowered
racemes on peduncles about a foot long. The sepals and
petals are subrotund, apiculate, light blue, paler within, and
the lip light bluish purple with pale veins, the back and wings
of the column streaked with red. The blue of the flower is
almost pure. In habit the plant most resembles a creeping
Maxiliaria, forming a long rhizome between the pseudobulbs.
It should be grown on a block. — Brazil.
Sys. — Aganisia ajanea,
Aeranthus Leonis, Bchh. f. — This meritorious novelty,
closely allied to AruircEcum, was discovered by Mons. Leon
Humblot. The plant is dwarf, and has peculiar sword-like
falcate leaves, very stout in texture, about a span long, closely
set on the stem, and not cleft except at the point of junction
therewith. The flowers remind one of a gigantic Angracum
articulation, and are pure white as in that species, the lip
being broad, concave and rounded. The racemes consist of
as many as seven flowers, the long spurs of which are funnel-
shaped at the base, filiform towards the apex, and appear to
be always twisted upwards. — Comoro Islands.
Fig.— Gard. Chron. N.S., xxiv. 80, figs. 17, 18 ; Orchid Album, v. t. 213.
Syn. — Angrcecum Leonis.
Aerides Ballantinianum, Bchh. f.—A fine Acrides in the
way of ^4. suavissimum, but dwarfer, and having rather short
bibbed leaves. The dorsal sepal and the petals are white and
632 oechid-grower's manual.
somewhat toothed, while the lateral sepals are usually adorned
with a purple eye-Uke blotch at the tip ; the side lobes of the
lip are equal to or shorter than the middle lobe, retuse and
toothed at the tip, orange, sometimes self-coloured, at other
times with purple streaks and transverse bars of different
dimensions. It is named in honour of Mr. Ballantine,
gardener to Baron Schroder, a great enthusiast among East
Indian Orchids. — Native Countnj not stated.
Aerides marginatum, Rchh. f. — A lovely new species,
allied to A. quinquevulnenun, which it resembles in habit.
It has broadish bilobed or emarginate lorate leaves, which are
keeled on the under surface, and fine drooping racemes of
handsome flowers densely packed on the rachis ; the sepals
and petals are of a very pale yellowish tint, with the anterior
border purple ; the spur is conical and of a light green ; the
side lobes of the lip are semioblong, toothed in front, and of
a deep orange colour, while the midlobe is oblong-ligulate
toothletted, yellow, changing to a deep sepia brown ; a linear
transverse callus occurs at the front side of the mouth of the
spur, and a similar but narrower one behind. The colours are
unusual in this genus, so that the plant has a peculiar interest
for Orchid growers. — Philippine Islands.
Aerides Sanderianum, BM. f. — This gi-and novelty,
which was imported by Mr. F. Sander, of St. Albans,
after whom it is named, proves to be an important and
valuable acquisition, allied io A. LaurenciiB. It is of vigorous
growth, with broad short retusely bilobed leaves, and long
well-furnished racemes of handsome flowers, which are very
large, measuring fully one and a half inch from the tip of the
dorsal sepal to the tip of the curved spur. The sepals
and petals are creamy white, distinctly tipped with magenta,
recurved at the margin, the lateral sepals broader and adnate
on the lower side to the back of the lip ; the lip is large, the
spur being fully half an inch in diameter, and very attractive,
havicg the upper half of the side lobes of a clear yellow and
frilled at the edges, while the middle lobe, which is folded up
between them and looks like a purple crest, is obovate, frilled
at the edges, and cf a bright magenta ; the lower end of the spur
is greenish yellow. The Httle white column, which resembles
a bird's head, is quite hidden by the upper part of the lip or
spur, which closes over it. — Eastern Tropical Asia.
ADDENDA. 633
Aerides "Wilsoniainim, Sander. — A very distinct dwarf
A'erides with a habit of growth similar to that of A. odoratum.
The flowers are produced on drooping spikes, and are pure
white with a lemon yellow lip. — Native Countri/ not stated.
Calantlie colorans, Bchb. f. — This new and beautiful species
has recently flowered with us, and we have to thank Professor
Reichenbach for identifying it. It belongs to the C. vera-
trifolia section, and has large white showy flowers with a
double-toothed spur. The leaves are like those of C. vera-
trlfoUa in form. It grows in grassy places, which indicates
a terrestrial habit. This will make a useful autumn flowering
Calanthe, as it produces its blossoms during August and
September. — India.
Cattleya crocata, Rchb. f. — This according to Professor
Reichenbach is near the Eldorado group, though the blossoms
are larger. The flowers are broad and of the purest white,
with a wide band of deep orange running from the base of
the lip to the disk of the anterior lobe, where it expands
into a pentagonal blotch toothed in front. It flowers during
the autumn months. — Brazil.
Cattleya Hardyana, Hardi/. — The most gorgeous Cattleya
we have ever seen, doubtless a hybrid between C. gif/as and
C. Dowiana aurea, which grow together, and in a batch of
which it was imported. The growth resembles that of C. gujas.
The individual flowers measure eight inches across, the
sepals and petals are of a deep rosy purple ; the lip is three
inches across, its anterior portion much frilled, of a pure
magenta, the throat and upper portion of the lip rich yellow
after C. Dowiana, and handsomely veined with deep purple.
The lip has the two e3'es peculiar to C. gigas, which are in
this case of a richer yellow, margined with the magenta as in
the anterior portion of the lip. The flower is very strongly
scented. It blossoms iu August, and was flowered by G.
Hardy, Esq., Pickering Lodge, Timperley. — New Grenada.
Cattleya labiata leucoplisea, Bidl. — A distinct variety of
C. labiata, with blush white sepals and petals, and a deep
lilac-coloured lip margined with white, the throat yellow. It
was flowered by R. H. Measures, Esq., Woodlands, Streatham.
— Brazil.
Cattleya Mossise Na'deriana, Brhb. /.—This variety is
DD 3
634 oechid-growek's manual.
according to Prof. Eeichenbacli " an astonishing beauty."
Its general colour is a peculiar rose-purple, with a slight
greyish hue ; the sepals and petals are of a much darker
purple, which in the sepals is a border, and in the petals
quite a distinct marking ; there are two similar dark bands
converging before the apex, leaving a purple rosy disk, and a
similar margin at nearly equal distances. — Venezuela.
Cattleya resplendens, Bchh. f. — The growth of this plant
somewhat resembles that of C. gmnidnsa and the flowers
those of C. Schilleriana. The dull olive-brown sepals and
petals are spotted with purple, as in C. guttata Leopoldii ;
the lip is white with warm amethyst keels and small warts
of the same colour, its cuneate bilobed stalked mid-lacinia
has numerous rough warts in the central part, and many
keels on the lateral parts, which are externally toothed, and
its side lacinife are much developed and very acuminate.
This is supposed to be a natural mule between C. granulosa
and C. Schilleriana. — Brazil.
Coelogyne lactea, Bchh. f. — An interesting species with
shoi't thick shining fusiform ribbed pseudobulbs, and short
broad leaves of a thick texture. The flowers are produced in
short pendulous racemes, and are white with brown veins on
the lip and yellow spots on the disk. It flowers in May. — hidia.
Cypripediiim Godefroyge hemixantMnum, Bchh. f. — A
curious variety flowered by J. Day, Esq., Tottenham. It
has sulphury ochroleucous sepals quite distinct from the
normal form. — Cochin China.
BendroMlini araclinites, Bchh. f. — A very distinct and
brilliant novelty, with slender short shining honey-coloured
stems, thickened at the articulated apex, and bearing large
bright cinnabar red flowers with broad linear blunt sepals
and petals, and a broader convolute lip which is ligulate with
basilar angles, or sometimes much attenuated in front ; the
veins of the lip are of a peculiar hue. — Burinah.
Dendrobimn erythropogon, Bchh. f. — This plant was im-
ported with D. Lunii, and resembles that species in growth.
The sepals are of a pallid whitish ochre, partly ochre-coloured,
and are deficient of the fine yellow of the typical D. Lowii ;
the lip has seven thick crimson keels on the disk of the
middle lobe, the two external ones having short crimson
ADDENDA. G35
hairs on each side, and there is a crimson wash between the
keels. — Borneo.
Dendrohiiim infimdibulum carneopticum, Fichb. f.—k very
distinct variety of D. infnndihulum, in which the blotch on
the lip, a broad central line, and a few streaks on the sides, are
of a pretty flesh colour ; whence, observes Professor Eeichen-
bach, "I propose to give it the above mentioned name."
He adds, " The Bendrohinm Jamesianmn, Kchb. f. is not dis-
tinguished from D. infnndihulwn, Lindl., by the red paint on
its lip, but by the side lobes of the lip being covered with
asperities, and by the distinct shape of the lip itself." —
Burmah.
Dendrobium nobile Cooksonianum, Bchh. f. — A very curious
and distinct variety, which when we first saw it we believed
to be a malformation, but it has since appeared in other col-
lections, and we understand that plants propagated from it
are identical with their parent. The sepals of this variety
are similar to those of the type, but it is in the petals that
the difference is found, these being in reality like two lips
flattened out so as to take the form of petals, their markings
and their surfaces being identical with those of the lip. —
India.
Epidendrum piytense, Bchh. /. — A very pretty species,
with roundish stems, short oblong acute leaves, and racemes
of flowers of a most brilliant scarlet-vermilion, the lip orange,
spotted with dark vermilion. Introduced by Dr. Wallace. —
United States of Colombia.
GrOTenia SUlplmrea, Bchb. f. — A pretty terrestrial Orchid,
with onion-shaped bulbs, and lanceolate acuminate leaves
about two inches in breadth, with a dark wine-coloured
median rib. The flowers are large, and grow in many-
flowered racemes, the sepals being light sulphur-coloured,
the petals white on the disk, and sulphur on the margin, with
numerous transverse broken purple lines, and the cordate-
oblong lip white with the base biplicate, and having some
dark brown spots at the apex. — Para<juay.
HouUetia odoratissima xantMna, Bchh. f. — A yellow form
of the type, in which the sepals and petals are orange, and
the lip sulphur and white, with falcate horns, and a stipitate
clavate callus. It is very distinct. — Colomlia.
636 orchid-grower's manual.
Lselia callistoglossa, Rchb. f. — Undoubtedly the best of the
hybrid Lalias, being the result of a cross by Mr. Seden,
between Lcelia furjnirata and Cattleya gig as ; it was flowered
in 1884 by Mr. Ballantine, gardener to Baron Schriider, The
Dell, Staines, and was exhibited by him at the Eoyal Horti-
cultural Society's Meeting in March, 1884, where it was
deservedly awarded a first-class certificate. The flowers in
outline resemble those of L. purjmrata, the sepals and petals
bright rose colour, and the lip two inches across, rich magenta-
crimson shaded with mauve, the throat orange veined with
brownish purple. It flowers in March. — Garden hybrid.
LsBlia Canliamiana, Bchh. f. — At first sight this looks like
a good variety of L. jjurpurata, but upon closer examination
it is seen to he distinct from that species. The sepals and
rhomboid petals are light rose, the lip dark velvety purple in
its anterior wavy portion, margined narrowly in the upper
part with white, and in the throat veined with brown stripes on
an orange ground. This is the result of a Veitchian cross
between L. jntrjmrata and Cattleya Mossice. — Garden hybrid.
Lselia Measuresiana, Williams. — A very chaste and beauti-
ful plant, with stems twelve to fifteen inches high, in some
cases furnished with two ovate oblong obtuse leaves, some-
times with a solitary leaf only, which is oblong and acute,
suggesting, as do also the flowers, that it is a hybrid between
L. elegans and some other monophyllous species. The sepals
and petals are oblong-lanceolate acute, plane, pure white, the
lip entire, and not lobed as in L. elegans, but beautifully
frilled around the entire margin, the anterior portion rose-
colour, the centre paler veined with bright magenta-purple,
and the throat pure white stained with yellow. It flowers
in May. — Brazil.
Fig.— Orchid Album, v. t. 207.
Lgelia purpurata atropurpurea, Williams.— The darkest
variety of L. purpurata we have yet met with. The sepals
and petals are of a deep rose colour, the lip large and open, rich
magenta-purple, this colour extending from the point of the
lip far into the throat, which is orange-colour veined with
dark purple. It was flowered by R. H. Measures, Esq., of
Woodlands, Streatham. — Brazil.
LissocMlus Krebsii purpuratus, TiW^.— This variety has
ADDENDA. 637
conical pseutlobulbs three inches in length, with stout roots,
and broad thin plicate leaves. The flower stem is three and
a half feet high, and bears a spike of about twenty flowers,
four or more of which open at a time ; the sepals are dark
green at the back, and deep maroon-purple in front, the
margins revolute ; the petals are ovate, bright yellow above,
pale cream faintly veined with red beneath, and the lip is
dull orange-yellow with the lateral lobes chocolate-purple,
streaked with darker lines, and the spur tipped with pink.
Introduced by Mr. Heath. — South Africa,
Masdevallia Grairiana, Pichh. f. — An interesting hybrid be-
tween 21. Davisii and j\[. Veitchii, the result being the pro-
duction of an intermediate form. The colour of the flower is
that of ill. Davisii, but the form is more like M. Veitchii, and
it is furnished with the bluish purple areas which are found
on 2L. Veitchii. It was raised at Messrs. Veitch & Sons'
nursery at Chelsea. — Garden hybrid.
Easdevallia Harryana armeniaca, Williams. — A most dis-
tinct variety, with large rounded flowers, two inches across, of
a deep apricot colour, resembling some of the varieties of
Azalea mollis, the eye being of a rich yellow. It was flowered
by R. H. Measures, Esq., Woodlands, Streatham. — New
Grenada.
Maxillaria Sanderiana, Echb. f. — This new species re-
sembles a gigantic form of M. tjrandijiora. The sepals and
petals are white, slightly stained with dull crimson at their
base ; the lip is similar to that of M. grandijiora, but larger
in all its parts. It flowers in May. — Native Country not stated.
Mormodes luxatum eburneum, Rchb. f. — A very handsome
variety, with large sweet-scented creamy white flowers, as
many as twelve to fifteen being produced on a spike. This
is a plant that should be in every collection, it being a
general favourite. It flowers in July and August. — 2[e.vico.
Syn. — M. Williamsii.
Mormodes luxatum pUUCtatum, Echb. f. — A distinct and
beautiful variety, the flowers of which are white, densely
spotted with red on the inner sides of the sepals and petals.
— Mexico.
OdOUtOgloSSUm JosepMnse, Williams. — A charmingly beauti-
boo orchid-gkqwee's manual.
ful plant, first flowered by E. H. Measures, Esq., Woodlands,
Streatham, In its growth it resembles 0. crispum. The star-
shaped flowers have the sepals and petals blush white,
beautifully spotted with reddish chocolate, the lip cordate-
oblong, undulated, recurved at the tip, and having a yellow
disk. It flowers during the winter months, and lasts six
weeks in perfection. — United States of Colombia.
¥iG.— Orchid Album, iv. t. 188.
Odontoglossum macrospilum, Rchh. /.—This species has
the sepals and petals cuneate-lanceolate acute, in the way of
those of 0. odoratum, with deep blotches of dark cinnamon ;
the broad triangular acute denticulate lip has numerous lateral
keels terminating in one or several bristles, and a central
one looking forward. A very handsome plant. — Native Country
not stated.
Odontogiossum Texillarium album, Finet. — A very beautiful
and distinct variety, with white flowers having only the faintest
tinge of rose towards the lower portions of the sepals and
petals. This was first flowered by M. Finet, of Argenteuil,
France, an ardent admirer of Orchids. — ISlew Grenada.
Odontoglossum Texillarium Kienastiauum, Rchh. f. — A
very fine variety with uncommonly large flowers. The sepals
and petals have broad white margins and a rose-coloured disk,
and the lip is light yellow at the base with the usual three
central purple lines, besides which fine radiating rose lines
run all over the grand lip except along the pure white margin.
New Grenada.
Odontoglossum vexillarium Measuresianum, Hort. — A
variety of extreme beauty, having flowers which are wholly
white on the exterior as well as the interior surface. The
flowers are somewhat smaller than in 0. vexillarium album, but
it is the purest white form we have yet seen. — New Grenada.
Oncidium caloglossum, Fichh. f. — A stately species, which
in its habit of growth resembles 0. MarshaUianum. It has a
large branching inflorescence bearing about thirty flowers, of
which the sepals and petals are yellow striped with sepia
brown, those on the petals being remarkably confluent ; the
lip is brighter yellow with brown blotches in front, the warts
of the calli reddish with numerous brownis'i red spots all
around. — Tropical America.
G39
PliajUS Humblotii, Fuhh. f. — A remarkable and beautiful
new species, which bears its large showy blossoms in few-
flowered racemes. The sepals are oblong acute, the petals
twice as broad, and the large spurless lip three-lobed, the
lateral lobes roundish and brought forward, the middle lobe
transversely emarginate, and the disk bearing a fleshy saddle-
shaped bilamellate callus running out in front into a little
keel. The flowers are rose-coloured with blotches of white
and red. — Madagascar.
'^
INDEX.
N.B. — The names in Italics are synonyms.
Page
Page
ACACALLIS .
. 631
AERIDES
cyanea
ACINBTA .
. 631
illustre . . . .
102
91
japonicum
102
Barker!
92
Larpentce . . . 1
01, 103
densa
9'2
Lawrenciae
103
Hruhyana
92
Leeanum . . . .
103
Humboldtii
92
lepidum .
103
f ulva .
92
Lindleyanum . . 1
00, 104
93
Lobbii
104
superba
92,93
Ainsworthii
104
IVarscewiczii
92, 93
maculosum
104
ACROPEEA .
93
Schroderi .
105
armeniaca .
93
margaritaceum .
105
aurantiaca
93
marginatum
632
cornuta
. 93, 94
matutina .
559
Loddigesii .
94
McMorlandi .
105
ADA : . .
94
Mendelii .
105
aurantiaca .
95
mitratum .
106
AJiEANTHUS
95
inultijlorum
98, 106
Leon is
. 631
nobile
106
sesquipedalis
95, 120
odoratum .
106
AERIDES
95
cornutum ,
107
affine (Hook.) .
. 109
. 107
affine (Wall.) .
98
pm-purascens .
107
superbum .
98
pachyphyllum .
107
Ballantinianum.
. 631
prcemorsum
564
Broohei
99, 100
quinquevulnei-um
. 107
cornutum .
99, 106
Farmer!
. 108
crassifolium
99
Reichenbachii .
. 108
crispum .
99
cochinchinense
. 108
Lindleyanum
. 100
retusum
. 566
. 100
Robbelenii
. 108
cylindricum
, 100, 110
Rohanianum
. 108
Dominianum
. 100
roseum
98
Ellisii
. 100,111
roseum
. 109
Emericii .
. 100
superbum .
. 109
expansum
. 101
rubrum
. 109
LeonifB
, 101
Sanderianum .
. 632
falcatum .
. 101
Schroderi
. 109
expansum .
. 101
suavissimum
. 109
Fieldingii
. 101
maculatum
. 110
fiavidum .
. 102, 110
testacewn . . . ]
10, 112
puttaium .
. 566
Thibautianum .
, 110
Houlletiaaum ,
. 102
Yandarum
. 110
Huttoni .
. 102, 110
Veitchii .
. 110
642
Pag>
Aii RIDES
— j-
ANG[JLOA
virens . . . .110
Ruckeri sanguinea
Dayanum .
, 111
Wagneri .
FilliRii
. Ill
superba
grandiflorum
. Ill
Turneri .
. Ill
uniflora
Warneri .
,
00, 111
virginalia .
Wightianum
. Ill
ANCEOrOCHILUd
"Williamsii
. 112
argenteus
Wilsonianum
. 633
AGANISIA .
. 112
argyi-oneurum
cyanea
. 631
Boylei
pulchella .
. 112
Bullenii
ANECOCHILUS
. 340
concinnum
Daiusonianus
. 340
Dawsonianus
ANGR^CUM
. 113
Dayi
apiculatum
. 114
Dominii .
articulatum
. 114
El Dorado
bilobum .
. 114
Friderici-Augus
ti
Kirkii
. 114
Heriotii
Brongniartianur
n
. 116
hieroglyphicum
caudatum .
. 114
intermedium
Chailluanum
. 116
javanicum
citratum .
. 115
latimaculatum
crenatum .
. 115
lineatus
cryptodon .
. 115
Lobbianum
descendens
. 115
Lobbii
eburneum .
116
Lowii
superbum
116
Nevillianum
116
nobilis
Eichlerianum
116
Ortgiesii .
Ellisii
117
Peiola
falcatum .
. 117
pictus
fastuosum
117
querceticola
fuscatum .
117
regale
Grantii
118
cordatum
Hildebrandtii
118
grandifolium
Kotschyi .
118
inornatum
Leonis
631
Reinwardtii
modes turn
118
Roxburghii
pellucidum
118
Ruckeri .
pertusutn ,
118
setaceum .
ticottianum
119
cordatum .
sesquipedale
119
grandifolium
sujmrbum .
116. 120
inornatum
virens
no, 120
striatum .
ANGULOA .
. 130
Tumeri .
Clowesii .
131
Veitchii .
131
xanthophyllum
dubia
131
zebrinum .
eburnea .
132
ANSELLIA .
grandijlora
580
africana .
Hernandezii
5.S3
Hohenlohii
132
lutea .
media
132
gigantea
purpurea .
132
natnlensis .
iluckeri .
132
ARACHNANTHE .
retusa
132
Cathcarti .
Page
INDEX.
rage
AEACHNANTHE
BLETIA
Lowii .... 568
Woodfordii
mosnhifera
135
BOLLEA .
ARACENIS .
135
ccelestis .
moschifera .
135
Lalindei .
ARGYROHCEIS
127
LawTCDceaua
jovanica
127
Patinii
AEPOPHrLLUM .
135
BOTRlOCniLUS .
cardinale .
136
bellus .
giganteum
136
BRASSAVOLA
spicatum .
136
acaulis.
AEUNDINA .
136
Digbyana .
bambussefolia
137
Gibbsiana .
densa
137
glauca
lineata
ASPASIA
137
lunata
138
Matheuana
superba
138
Tenosa
odorata
138
BRASSIA
BARKERIA .
138
antherotes .
cyclotella .
139
cinnamomea
elegans
139
Clowesii .
Lindleyana
140
Gireoudiana
Centerse
140
guttata
melanocaulon
140
Keiliana .
Skinneri .
140
Lanceana .
superba
141
Lawrenceana
spectabilis .
141
lougissima
BATEMANNIA
141
maculata .
Beaumontii
142
major
Burtii
. 142
verrucosa .
grandiflora
142
grandiflora
Meleagris .
143
BROUGHTONIA
WaUisii .
143
Ulacina
major
. 143
sanguinea .
BIFRENAMIA
214
violacea
bella .
214
BULBOPHYLLUM
Iladwenii .
573
auricomum
Harrisonim
379
barbigerum
BLETIA _.
144
Heushallii.
accndis
148
Lobbii .
campanulata
145
maculatum
Digbyana .
149
reticulatum
flava
. 521
saltatorium
glauca
149
siamense .
graminifolia
. 137
BURLINGTOKIA
grandiflora
. 363
amcena
hyacinthina
. 145
Batemanni.
albo-striat
. 145
Candida .
japonica
145
decora
lineata
149
picta .
Masvca
. 162
Farmeri
patula
. 145
fragrans .
Shepherdii
. 145
Knowlesii .
Sherrattiana
. 146
Leeana
speciosa
363
venusta
TankervilJia
519
CALANTHE .
tuberculosa
522
bella .
venosa
150
colorans .
643
Page
644
Page
CALANTHE
•* "^a"
CATTLEYA
cnrculigoides . . .161
crispa delicatissima .
Dominii
. 161
purpurea .
farcata
162
superba
Masuca
162
crocata
162
Dawsoni .
porphyrea
Kegnieri .
. 162
162
Devoniana
dolosa
fausta
163
domingensis
Sanderiana
163
Dominiana
sandhurstiana
163
alba .
Sedeni .
163
lutea
Sieboldi .
164
Dowiana .
Textori .
164
aurea
Tumeri
164
Edithiana
nivalia
164
elatior
Veitchii .
164
elegans
veratrifolia
165
Eldorado .
macroloba
165
alba .
vestita
. 165
ornata
igneo-oculata
166
splendens .
luteo-oculata
166
exoniensis
oculata gigante
i
166
fausta
167
Gaskelliana
Williamsii .
167
gigas
CAMAROTIS .
167
purpurea .
CATASETTJM
168
Sanderiana
168
Grahami .
citrinum .
418
granulosa
Christy anum
169
guatemalensis .
Claveringii
169
guttata
macrocarpum
169
Leopoldii .
scurra
169
lilacina
tridendatum
169
CATTLEYA .
170
Williamsiana
Aclandias .
173
Hardyana
amabilis .
173
Harrisoniana .
amethystina
186
Amesiana .
173
intermedia
amethystoglossa
174
sulphurea
174
superba .
aurea
1
74, 180
intricata
bicolor
174
labiata .
Bluntii .
175
Candida
Boissieri .
175
leucophffia
Boothiana .
188
Brabanti^
175
Pescatorei .
Brymeriana
175
picta
Brysiana .
bulbosa
175
Lemoniana
1
76, 207
Lindleyana
calummata
176
lobata
Candida
176
Loddigesii
Chamberlainian
1
176
maculata .
chocoensis
176
Manglesii .
citrina
177
Mardellii .
coccinea .
577
marginata
crispa
177
Marstersonise .
Buchanan!
ina
177
maxima .
Page
Page
CATTLEYA
CATTLEYA
maxima aphlebia
190
Schilleriana
Backhousei
190
Regnelli .
Mendelii .
ISO
Schofieldiana
190
Schroderiana .
Jamesiana
190
Sedeniana
superbissima .
190
Skimieri .
Mitchellii .
191
alba
Morganse .
191
speciosissima Lowii
MossifB
191
regina
Alexandras
192
spectabUis
Arnold iana
192
sphenophora
aurea
192
superba
grandiflora
192
splendens .
aureo-marginata
192
Trianse
Blakei
193
Atalanta .
complanata
193
Backhousiana
conspicua .
193
Colemanni
elegans
193
Comingii .
iimbriata .
1^3
Dodgsoni .
flammea .
19S
formosa .
grandiflora
193
Hardyana .
grandis
194
HUlii
Hardyana .
194
Id .
Helena; .
194
Leeana
kermesina marginata
194
marginata
Lawrenceana .
194
Osmanni .
magnifica
194
quadricolor
majestica
195
reginse
Mariante .
195
marmorata
195
Russelliana
McMorlandii
195
splendidissima
Mooreana
195
Williamsii
Nalderiana
633
Veitchiana
Xapoleonis
195
velutina .
Pottsii
196
veriflora .
puvpurata .
196
virginalis .
Reineckiana
196
rosea .
Eothschildiana
196
Wageneri .
splendens .
196
Walkeriana
striata
196
Wallisii .
superba .
196
Warneri . .
venosa
196
Warscewiczii
VictoriEe .
197
delicata .
Williamsii
197
superba
nobilior .
197
Whitei
Percivaliana
197
CERATOCHILUS .
alba .
197
grandiflorus
rerrinii .
3n4
'nculatus
porphyroglossa .
197
CHEIROSTYLIS .
pumila
198
marmorata
mojor
89, 365
CHELONANTEERA
quadricolor
198
speciosa
quinqnecolor ,
198
CnRYSOBAPIIUS
liegnelli .
199
Roxburghii
resplendens
634
CHYSIS .
Jiollis^oni . . . 1
98, 208
aurea
Rothschildiana .
349
bractescens
645
Page
646
CHYSIS
— J-
COLAX
Chelsoni . . . . 210 1
iugosug .
laevis . .
211
COMPARETTIA .
Limminghei
211
coccinea .
undulata .
211
falcata
CIRRHOPETALUM
212
macropleotron .
Cumingii .
212
speciosa
Medusa3 .
212
CORYANTHES .
Pahudii .
213
macrantha .
CLEISOSTOMA .
213
maculata
crassifolium
218
punctata .
Dawsonianum .
214
speciosa .
CCELIA .
214
CYCLOSIA . . .
beUa .
214
maculata .
macrostachya .
214
CYCNOCHES . .
CCELOGYNE
215
aureum
asperata .
216
barbatum .
barbata ,
216
chlorochiloa
birmanica
547
Loddigesii .
ciliata
216
pentadactylon .
coronaria .
696
ventricosum
corrugata .
217
CYMBIDIUM .
corymbosa
217
bambusifolium .
cristata
218
aflSne .
alba .
218
Dayanum .
citrina
218
Devonianum
hololeiwM
218
eburneum .
218
Williamsianum.
major
213
elegans
Cumingii .
219
giganteum
Dayana .
elata
219
219
gidtatum .
Hookerianum .
fuscescens .
219
Huttoni .
Gardneriana
220
Lowianum .
Goweri
. 220
hyacinthinum .
Hookeriana
. 548
Mastersii
humilis
. 548
lactea. _ .
. 634
Parishii
lagenaria .
. 550
pendulum .
Lowii
'i
16, 220
maculata .
. 550
tesselloides .
Massangeana
. 220
tigrinum .
media
. 221
CYPRIPEDIUM .
ocellata .
. 221
albo-purpureum
maxima
. 221
Argus
ochracea .
. 221
Arthurianum .
odoratissima
. 222
Ashburtonise .
pandurata .
. 222
barbatum .
Parishii .
222
nigrum
plantaginea
'. 222
superbum .
prcBcox
Schilleriana
. 550
Veitchii
. 552
Warnerianum
speciosa
. 223
biflorum .
viscosa
. 223
Boxallii .
Wallickiana
. 551
Calceolus .
COLAX ._ .
. 223
calophyllum
aromatica .
. 376
calurum .
Jlarrisonim
. 379
candidum .
Pat,e
rage
CTPRIPEDIUM
— J-
CYPRIPEDIUM
cardinale .
. 240
Schlimii albiflorum .
caricinum .
. 241
Schroderse
caudatum .
. 241
Sedeni .
roseum
. 241
candidulum
Chantinii .
, 248
Belli gerum
chloroneurum .
, 242
Bpectabile .
ciliolare .
. 242
album
conchiferum
. 242
Spicerianum
coDColor .
. 242
Stonei.
Crossianum
. 24.=J
platytsenium
Curtisii
. 243
superbiens.
Dayanum .
. 243
superciliare
Dominianum
. 244
Swanianum
Druryi
. 244
Veitchianum
euryandrum
. 244
venustum .
Fairrieanum
. 245
spectabile .
Godefroyce.
. 245
vemixium ,
hemisanthinum.
. 634
vexillarium
grande
246
villosum .
puttatum .
. 624
aureum
Harrisianum .
246
Wallisii .
Haynaldianum .
246
William siannm .
hirsutissimum .
247
CYRTOCHILUM .
HookeiiB .
247
bictoniense .
humile
624
citrinum ,
insigne
247
leucochilum
albo-margiuatum
248
maculatum .
Maulei .
248
pardinum .
248
CYRTOPERA
Irapeanum
624
flava .
japonicum .
625
sanguinea .
lavigatum ... 2
49, 2,54
CYRTOPODIUM .
Lawrenceanum .
249
Andersoni
Leeanum . . . .
249
cardiochilum .
longifolium
249
punctatum
Lowii.
250
CYTHERIA .
macranthum
625
Griffithii .
DENDROBIUM .
marmorophyllmu
250
Meirax . . . .
250
adimcum .
melanophthalmiun ,
251
aggregatum ,
microchilutn
251
majus
Morganianum .
251
Ainsworthii
nitens . . . .
252
roseum
niveum
262
albo-sanguineum
cenanthum
252
amcEUum .
pardinum . . . .
253
anosmum .
Parishii . . . .
253
Aphrodite
parviflorum
625
arachnites ,
Fearcei ... 2
41, 253
aureum
philippinense
253
philippinense .
politum . . . .
254
barbatulum
pubescena . . . .
625
Bensonias .
purpuratum
254
xanthinum
Rtichenbachianum . 2
50, 254
bigibbnm .
Robbelinii
255
candidum .
Roezlii . . . .
255
superbum .
Schlimii . . . .
255
Boxallii .
647
Page
648
Page
DENDROBIUM
"u"
DENDEOBIUM
- "i/-
Brymerianum .
273
Guibertii .
. 286
Bullerianum . , 2
■3, 286
Eanhuryanum ,
286, 290
calamifwme . . 2
3,303
HawtsoTitcB • .
. 379
Calceolaria . . 2"
3,293
Harveyanum .
. 286
Calceolus ... 2
"4, 294
hedyosmum
286, 300
Camhridgeanum . 2
'3, 296
Eenshallii
287, 304
canaliculatnm .
273
heterocarpum .
271, 287
capillipea . . . .
274
Heyneanum
. 287
chlorops . . . .
274
HiUii
. 287
chrysanthum
274
Hookerianum .
274, 287
chrysotis . . . .
274
infundibulum .
. 287
chrysotoxum .
275
. 635
clavatum . . . .
275
Jamesianum
. 288
cosrulescens . . 2
-5, 295
japonicum
288, 293
crassinode
275
Jenkinsii .
. 288
albifiorum
276
lasioglossum
. 288
■ Barberianum .
276
Leechianum
. 288
crepidatum
276
Linawianum
. 289
cretaceum
276
ma jus
. 289
cruentum
277
lituiflorum
. 289
crystallinum
277
candidum .
. 290
cujyreum ... 2
-7, 294
Freemanni.
. 290
D'Albertisii .
277
longicornu
. 290
Dalhousieanum .
278
Lowii
. 290
Dearei
278
luteolum .
. 291
densiflorum
278
chlorocentrum
. 291
albo-luteum . 2
79, 303
MacCarthiae .
. 291
Schraderi . 2
79, 299
inacranthum
292, 302
Walkerianum . 2
79, 303
macrophyllum (Hort.
) 292, 302
Devonianum
279
macrophyllum (A. E
ich.). 292
279
Dayanum .
. 292
280
Veitchianum
. 292
dixanthum
280
marginatum
293, 306
Dominianum .
280
marmoratum
. 293
Draconis .
280
raoniliforme
. 293
ebvrneum ,
280
moschatum
. 293
endocharis
281
cupreum
moulmeinense
. 293
erythropogon .
634
. 287, 294
eiythroxanthnm
281
matabile .
. 294
Talconeri .
281
nobile
. 294
albidulum
281
Cooksonianum
. 635
giganteum
282
intermedium
. 295
Farmeri .
282
. 295
albifiorum.
282
jmllidifloj'um
. 295, 297
aureo-flavum .
282
. 295
fimbriatum
282
nodatum ,
. 270, 296
oculatum .
283
ochreatum
. 295
Findleyanum .
283
Parishii
. 296
formosum
283
Paxtoni
274, 283, 296
giganteum
284
Phaleenopsis
. 296
fuscatum
. 284
Pierardii . .
. 297
Fytchianum
284
. 297
Gibsoui
285
primulinum
. 297
Goldiei .
285
. 297
grandiflorum
403
pulchellum
. 298
gratiosissimum .
285
rhodopterygium
. 298
G-riffithianum .
286
rhodostoma
. 298
INDEX.
649
Page
Page
DENDROBIUM
DISA
rhombeum
. 271, 298
rufescens ,
. 626
sanguinolentum
298
spathulata
, 626
. 299
tenuifolia .
. 626
scabrilingue
. 299
DOSSINIA . .
. 306
Schroderi .
. 299
marmorata
. 307
sculptum .
. 300
Dayi
307
senile
. 300
viregcens .
. 307
splendidissimum
. 300
EPIDENDRUM .
307
suavissimum
. 300
alatum
308
superbiens .
. 301
aloifolium .
. 316
superbum .
, 301
amabile . . . S
09, 313
. 270, 302
arachnoglossum
309
giganteum
. 302
atropiirpureum .
309
Huttoni
. 302
roseum
310
Tattonianum
273, 302
aurantiacum .
310
taurinum .
. 302
aureum
310
teretifolium
. 303
basilare
321
thrysiflorum
. 303
bicomutiim
310
Walkerianum
. 303
Brasavolse
311
tortile
. 304
calochilum
309
roseum
. 304
Catillus .
311
transparens
. 304
ciliare
312
triadenium
294, 304
cinnabarinum .
312
Veitchianum
292, 304
cnemidophorum
312
virgineum
. 304
Cooperianum .
313
Wallichii .
. 305
crassifoliwn
314
Wardianum
. 305
cuspidatum
312
candidum .
. 305
ct/cnosialix
321
giganteum
. 305
dichromum
313
. 306
striatum .
314
Williamsoni .
. 306
eburneum
314
xanthopblebium
. 306
ellipticum
314
DENDROCEILUM
. 306
erubescens
314
Cobbianum
. 545
evectum .
315
Jiliforme .
. 545
falcatum .
315
fflumaceum
. 545
Flos aeris ,
135
uncatum ,
. 546
formosum
309
DIACRTUM .
. 306
Priderici Guilielmi .
316
bicornutum
. 311
fulgens
320
DISA
. 626
Grahami .
318
Barellii .
. 627
grandijlorum
680
cemua
. 6-^6
guttatum .
490
chrysostachya .
. 626
Hanburii .
316
cornuta
626
humile
518
crassicomis
. 627
ibaguense .
316
Draconis .
. 626
imperator .
312
graminifolia
. 626
lactiflorum
316
grandifiora
. 627
Liliastrum
5/6
superba .
, 628
longipetalum
309
lacera
. 626
macrochilum . . 3
09, 317
longicomis
. 626
maculatum
318
maculata .
. 626
myrianthum
317
megaceras ,
. 627
nemorale .
317
melaleuca .
. 626
majus
317
patens
. 626
nigro-macuJatum
318
prasinata .
. 626
paniculatum
318
racemosa .
. 626
Parkinsonianum . 3
16, 318
650
INDEX.
Page
EPIDENDRUM
GONGORA
paytense .... 635
macrantha.
phoeniceum
318
maculata .
proecox
550
alba .
prismatocarpum
318
tricolor
pseudepidendrum .
319
odoratissima
punctatum
265
portentosa
radicans .
319
quinquenervis .
retusum
566
speciosa
rhizophorum
319
tricolor
sanguineum
154
truncata .
Sceptrum .
319
GOODTERA .
Schomburgkii .
320
Dawsoniana
Stamfordianum
320
discolor
syringothyrsus .
321
Dominii .
tibicinis
572
macrantha
Uro-Skinneri
318
luteo-marginata
verrucosum
317
Ordiana .
vitellinum
321
picta
majua
321
pubescens
3.
Wallisii .
322
Rollissoni
EPIPHORA .
554
rubrovenia
pubeFcens .
554
tessellata .
EPISTEPHIUM
323
Veitchii .
Williamsii
323
velutina .
ERIA . .
596
GOVENIA .
coronaria .
596
deliciosa .
suavis
596
sulphurea .
ERIOPSIS .
323
GRAMMANGIS .
biloba
324
Ellisii
rutidobulbon
324
GRAMMATOPHTLLUJ
I '.
Schomburgkii
324
Ellisii
ESMERALDA
599
speciosum
HABENARIA
Cathcarti
599
Sanderiana
607
ciliaris
EULOPHIA .
325
H^MARIA .
Dregeana .
628
discolor . _ .
guineensis
325
purpurata
. 326
Ordiana
FIELDIA
. 598
HAPLOCHILUS .
lissochiloides
. 598
regium
gigantea .
. 603
HELCIA .
GALEANDPA
. 326
sanguinolenta .
Baueri
. 327
HOULLETIA
cristata .
. 328
Brocklehurstiana
Devoniana
. 328
chrysantha
dives
. 328
odoratissima
Harveyana
. 329
antioquiensis
nivalis
. 329
xanthina .
GALEOTTIA
. 142
picta
Beaumontii
. 142
tigrina
grandijlora
. 143
HUNTLEY A .
GONGORA .
. 329
aromatica .
armeniaca
93
Candida
atropurpurea
. 330
cerina
bufonia .
. 331
marginata
galeata
94
Mekagris .
1
Jtnischii .
. 332
radians
Page
651
Page
HUNTLEY A
L^LIA
violncea
344
grandia . . . .
lONOPSIS . . . .
344
harpophylla
paniculata .
345
irrorata ....
IPSEA ....
345
speciosa
346
Jongheana
KCELLENSTEINIA
346
Laiorenceana
ionoptera .
347
Leeana . . . .
L.ELIA ....
347
Lindleyana
acuminata
348
majalis . . . .
rosea
348
Measuresiana .
albida
348
monophylla
bella
3^8
peduncularis
349
Perrinii . . . .
sulphurea .
349
irrorata .
amanda .
349
nivea
anceps
349
Pilcheriana
alba .
350
prgestans . . . .
Barkeriana
350
puniila ... 1
Dawsoni .
351
Dayana .
delicata .
351
purpurata.
p-andiflora
351
atropurpurea .
Hilliana .
352
Brysiana .
Nelisii
Percivaliana
352
rosea
. 352
Williamsii
Veitcliiana
. 352
Russelliana
vestalis .
352
Schilleriana
Williamsiana .
353
splendeng .
autumnalis
353
Schrcideri
atrorubena
353
Stelzneriana
bella
354
superbiens
Boothiana
. 354
Turner! . . . .
Brysiana ... 3
54, 366
Veitchiana
callistoglosaa
. 636
Warneri . . . .
Canhamiana
. 636
Wjattiana
caulescens .
. 359
xanthina . . . .
cinnabarina
. 654
L^LIOPSIS . . . .
Crawshayana .
354
domingensis
crispa . . . 1
77, 355
LEOCHILUS.
purpurea .
. 178
savquinolentus .
crispilabia
. 355
LEPTOTES . . . .
Dayana
. 355
bicolor . . . .
Dominiana
356
serrulata . . . .
rosea.
356
LIMATODIS . . . .
Dormanniana .
356
rosea
elegans
. £56
LI MO DO RUM
alba .
357
Incarvillei.
Bluntii .
. 357
retusum . , . .
Leeana
. 357
TankervilVKB
prasiata .
. 358
fuberculosum
Warneri .
358
LISS0CHILU3
_Wolstenholm:ffi.
. 358
Horsfallii . . . .
exoniensis ,
. 182
Krebsii purpuratus .
flammea .
. 358
roseus . . . .
flava ....
. 359
speciosus ... 3
furfuracea
. 359
LTSTROSTACHYS
gigantea .
. 359
pellucida . . . .
grandiflora
. 360
periusa . . . .
E E 2
652
INDEX.
LYCASTE .
Page
375
MASDEVALLIA
aromatica ,
376
Harryana Iffita .
citrina
376
lUacina .
Cobbiana .
376
miniata .
cruenta
377
sanguinea
Denningiana .
377
splendens .
Deppei .
377
—. — versicolor .
punctatissitna .
378
Houtteana
fulvescens
378
ignea
gigantea .
378
aurantiaca
Harrisonise
378
Boddaertii
alba .
379
grandiflora
eburnea .
379
Massangeana
lanipes
379
in^qualis .
macrophylla .
379
Lindeni
plana
Schilleriana
380
macrura .
380
maculata .
Skinneri .
380
militaris .
alba .
381
nycterina .
amabilis .
381
polysticfca .
delicatissima
381
radiosa
382
Eeicbenbachian
a
nigi-o-rabra
382
Roezlii .
picturata .
382
rubra
purpurata .
382
rosea .
rosea
382
Schlimii .
roseo-purpurea .
382
Shuttleworthii
snperba ,
383
tovarensis .
vestalis .
383
triangularis
Smeeana .
383
Trochilus .
3
MACODES .
383
Veitchiana
marmorata
307
grandiflora
Petola
384
Wageneriana
MACROCHILUS .
413
WaUisii .
Fryanus .
413
stupenda
MASDEVALLIA .
384
xanthina .
amabilis .
386
MAXILLARIA
Bacl-housiana ,
386
aromaiica .
bella.
386
Brocklehurstian
a
Boddaertii
386
citrina
Candida ... 3
87, 400
cristata
Chelsoni .
387
cruenta
Chimaera .
387
galeala
Backhousiana .
388
grandiflora
cocciDea .
388
Earrisonim
Colibri ... 3
88, 390
Heynderyxii
Davisii
388
juffosa.
Denisoni .
391
luteo-alba.
elepbanticeps .
389
lyncea
Ephippium
389
macrophylla
Estradaj .
390
nigrescens
Gairiana .
637
Rollissoni .
Harryana .
390
ruhrofusca
armeniaca
637
Sanderiana
atrosanguinea .
391
Skinneri .
ccerulescens
391
splendens .
Denisoniana
391
stapelioides
grandiflora
S91
Steelii
Page
INDEX.
65a
Page
Page
MAXILLARIA
MORMODES
Tumeri . , . .405
pardinum unicolor
. 418
venusta
405
uncia
. 418
virginalis
381
Williavisii
. 637
Wan-eana .
614
MONOCHILUS .
. 418
MESOSPINIDIUM
405
regium
. 419
aurantiacum
95
NANODES .
. 419
rosetim
462
MedLisffi .
. 419
sanguineum
406
NEOTTIA .
. 384
vulcanicum
407
Petola
. 384
MICROCHILUS
543
OCTADESMIA .
. 363
pictus
543
monophylla
. 363
MICROSTYLIS
407
ODONTOG'LOSSUM
, 421
calophylla .
407
acuminatum
. 462
chlorophrys
408
Alexandrce
423, 433
discolor
408
. 433
metallica .
408
Cooksoni .
. 433
purpurea .
408
. 433
MILTONIA .
408
glffantcum
. 434
anceps
409
guttaium .
. 434
bicolor
410
Marianw .
. 434
Bluntii
409
roseum
. 435
Candida
410
Stevensii .
. 435
flavescens
410
Triance .
. 435
grandiflora
410
virginale .
. 436
Jenischiana
410
Warneri .
. 436
Clowesii .
411
Andersonianum
. 423
cuneata
411
lobatum .
. 423
festiva
412
anceps
. 410
Moreliana
414
angustatum
. 423
Pineim .
410
apterum
. 462
pulchella .
458
aspersum .
. 423
purpurea, violacea
414
astranthum
. 424
RegneUi .
412
baphicanthum .
. 424
purpurea .
413
bxtoniense
. 425
rosea .
415
album
. 425
speciosa
412
splendens .
. 425
spcctabilis
413
super bum .
, 425
Moreliana .
413
blandum .
. 425
atrorubens
414
Bluntii .
425, 433
rosea.
414
Bowmanni
. 425
radians
414
brevifolium
. 426
rosea
414
candelabrum
. 432
Warneri .
415
cariniferum
. 426
Warscewiczii .
415
Cervantesii
. 426
Weltoni .
415
Andersoni
. 427
xanthina .
415
decorum .
. 427
MORMODES .
416
membranaceum
. 427
buccinator
416
Chestertoni
. 427
majus
416
cirrhosum
. 428
citrinum .
418
album
. 429
Colossus .
417
Hrubyanum
. 429
Green ii
418
Klabochorum
. 429
luxatum .
417
citrosmum
. 429
eburneum .
637
roseum
. 430
punctatum
637
Clowesii
. 411
macranthuin
417
constrictum
. 430
pardinum .
417
Coradinei .
. 430
654
INDEX.
ODONTOGLOSSUM
Page
ODONTOGLOSSUM
cordatum .
431
Lindeni . , . .
sulphureum
431
Lindleyanum
superbum .
431
Londesboroughianum
coronarium
431
lunatum .
crispum ,
43>
luteo-purpureum
aureum .
4.^3
sceptrum .
Cookioni .
433
lyroglossum
flaveolum .
433
macrospilum
giganteum
433
maculatum
guttatum .
434
integrale .
Lehmanni .
434
madrense .
Marianae .
434
maxillare .
il
mirabile .
436
mulus
434
Holfordianum
Sanderianum ,
435
Murrellianum ,
_
SteTensii .
435
nsevium
Trianas
435
majus
Veitchianum .
4.35
Debulosum
virginale .
436
Warneri .
4.36
nevadense
cristatellum
436
nobile
il
cristatum .
437
odoratum .
crocidipterum .
437
latimaculatum .
cuspidatum xanthoglossui
n 437
CErstedii .
DenisoniEe
438
pardinum .
Dormannianum.
438
pendulum .
Edithiffi .
438
Pescatorei .
Edwardii ,
439
\
elegans
439
Schroderianum
excellens .
439
Veitchianum
Galeottianum .
440
Phalffinopsis
gloriosum
441
PoUettianum
,
grande
441
polyxanthum .
magnificum
pallidum .
442
prsenitens .
464
prionopetalon .
HaJlii
443
pulchellum
leucoglossum .
443
santhoglossum .
443
majus
hastilabium
443
purum
426
radiatum
. 44
liebraicum
444
ramosissimum .
lineoligerum ,
444
Meichenhtimii .
44
Hoolcerianum .
431
retusum
Horsmanni
444
Eoezlii .
Hrubyanum
429
album
Humeanum
445
roseum
hystrix ... 4
45, 448
Eossii
Insleayi
445
macranthum
445
rubesceiis
splendens .
. 445
Euckerianum .
Josephinpe
. 6b7
splendens .
Krameri .
. 446
Sanderianum .
]£Eve ....
446
Schlieperianum .
Eeichenheimii . 4
46, 460
Schroderianum .
Lawrenceanum , . 4
45, 447
spectatissiinum .
. it
Leeanum .
447
stellimicans
Lehmanni .
437
tigrinum .
Page
INDEX.
655
Page
Pa^€
ODONTOGLOSSUM
ONCIDIUM
tripudians
465
crispum .
. 478
oculatum .
465
grandiflorum
. 479
xanthoglossum .
465
marginatum
479, 484
triumpbans
466
Croesus
. 479
Uro-Skinneri
466
cruentum .
480, 497
velleum
466
cucullatum
. 480
vexativum .
467
flavidum .
. 480
vexillarium
467
macrochilum
. 480
album
638
cuneatum .
. 490
Hillianum
467
curtum
. 481
Kienastianum .
638
dasystyle .
. 481
leucoglosRum .
468
Diadema .
. 481, 500
Measuresianum
638
divaricatum
. 481
roseum
468
eurycline .
. 482
rubellum .
468
euxantbinum .
. 482
splendens .
468
excavatum
. 482
superbum .
468
Dawsoni .
. 483
Vnylstekeanum
469
flexuosum .
. 483
Wallisii .
469
Forbesii
. 488
Warneri purpuratum
606
fuscatum .
. 415, 484
■Warnerianum .
470
Galeottianum
. 430
Warscewiczii (Bridges) 4
64, 471
gallopavinum
. 475
Warscewiczii .
470
Gardner! .
. 484
Wilckeanum
471
Gireoudiaiium .
. 151
pallens
471
hsematochilum .
. 485
sulphureum
471
Henchmanni
. 485, 499
Williamsianum .
471
holochrysum
. 485
(ECEOCLADES .
117
Huntianum
. 485, 499
falcata
117
byphEematicum
. 485
ONCIDIUM .
472
incurvum .
. 486
acinaceum .
473
album
. 486
albo-violacezim .
486
ionosmum .
. 486, 504
ampliatum .
473
Jonesianum
. 486
majus
473
Keilianum .
. 151
anthrocrene
474
Kramerianum .
. 487
aurosum
. 474
lamelligerum .
. 487
barbatum ciliatum .
474
Lanceanum
. 487
Barkeri ... 4
74, 504
Louvrexianum
. 488
Batemaimianum
474
Lawrenceanum
. 152
bicallosum
475
leopardinum
. 488
bicolor
475
leucochilum
. 488
bifolium .
475
Limminghei
. 489
majus
476
longipes .
. 489
bifrons ... 4
76, 506
ludens
. 489
Bluntii
409
luridum .
. 490
Bnmleesianum .
476
Dodgsoni
. 490
Boydii
490
guttatum .
. 490
calanthum
476
macranthum
. 490
caloglossum
638
Williamsianum
. 491
candidum .
508
maculatum
. 492
carthaginense sanyuintum
499
Marshallianum .
. 492
Cavendishianum
477
metallicum
. 494
cheirophorum .
477
monachicum
. 494
chrysothyrsiis .
477
nigratum .
. 494
ciliatum
474
nubigenum
. 494
concolor .
478
oblongatum
. 495
cornigerum
478
obryzatum
. 495
656
ONCIDIUM
PACHTSTOMA
ornithorhynchum . . 495
Thomsonianum
. 496
PALUMBINA
pachyphyllum
. 477
Candida
chrysogloss
um
. 477
PAPHINIA .
Papilio
. 496
cristata
Eckhardtii
. 497
grandis
. 497
rugosa
pelicanum .
497
Sanderiana
Phalsenopsis
497
tigrina
ptiymatochilum
498
PERISTERIA
Pinellianum
475
Barktri
pulchellum
498
cerina
pulvinatum
498
elata
maj us
499
guttata
ramosum
475
Eumboldtii .
reflexum .
499
fulva
497
pendula
Righyanum
4
99, 500
PESCATOREA
Rog&rsii
499
Backhousiana
roseum
499
bella
superbum
499
cerina
rupestre .
600
Dayana
sanguintum
4
99, 500
Barcodes
500
rhodacra
serratum .
500
splendens
sessUe
501
Gairiana .
speciosum .
412
Klabochorum
sphacelatum
501
Lehmanni .
spilopterum.
475
Roezlii .
splendidum
501
Russeliana
Sprucei
502
Wallisii
stelligerum
503
PHAJUS
stenopetalum
475
albus .
suaveolens .
151
Bernaysii .
superbiens
503
Blumei
tigrinum .
503
Bemaysii .
sj^lendidum
502
Dodgsoni .
unguiculatum
504
grandifolius
trOingue .
504
Humblotii .
varicosum
504
in-oratus .
Eogersii
505
purpureus
vaiiegatum
505
maculatus
verrucosum
7 53
Tankervillei
Warneri .
505
tuberculosus
Warscewiczii
506
Wallichii
Weltoni
4
15, 506
PHAL^NOPSIS .
xanthochlorum
495
amabilis .
xanthodon
506
Dayana .
ONYCHWM .
293
amabilis
japonicum .
293
amethystina
mutahile
294
antennifera
ORCHIS
629
Aphrodite ,
52
foliosa
629
casta
longicornis
629
Corningiana
maculata superb
a
630
Comu-cervi
PACHYNE .
519
equestris
Esmeralda
52
.tpectnMHs .
619
Page
G57
Page
PHAL^NOPSIS
— J-
PLEIONE
grandiflora
529
humilis tricolor .
548
aurea
530
lagenaria .
548
intermedia
530
maculata .
55'J
Brymeriana
631
praecox
550
Portei
631
Wallichiani,
551
leucorrhoda
532
Reichenbachiana
551
Lobbii ... 5
30, 532
Schilleriana
551
Lowii
532
Wallichiana
551
LUddemanniaiia
533
PLEUROTEALLIS
561
ochxacea .
533
cocclnea
561
Mannii
533
POLYCHILOS
529
MariK
634
Cornu-cervi
629
Padshii .
534
POLYCYCNIS
552
Reichenbachiana
535
barba'M ... 2
30, 552
rosea
535
gratiosa
. 563
Sanderiana
535
lepida
653
Schaieriana
. 536
POLYSTACHYA .
553
vestalis
537
pubescens
654
speciosa
537
PREPTANTEE .
. 164
Stuartiana
537
Stdeni
. 164
Hrubj-ana .
538
vestiia
166
uobilis
538
PROMEN^A
564
punctatissima .
538
citriua
654
sumatrana
538
microptera
. 555
tetraspis .
539
Rollissoni .
. 555
Valentini .
539
stapelioides
. 555
Veitchiana
539
PSE UDEPIDENDR UM
319
brachyodon
540
specfabile .
. 319
violacea .
540
RENANTHBRA .
. 566
Bowringiana
540
arachnites .
. 135
Schroderiana
540
coccinea
. 556
zehrina
539
Flos ueris .
. 135
PHYSURUS .
541
Lowii
657
argenteus .
541
matutina .
558
jrictus
543
micrantha .
. 569
fimbrillaris
542
Storiei
559
maculatus .
542
RESTREPIA .
559
nobilis
542
antennifera
560
Ortgiesii ,
542
elegans
660
pictus
542
maculata .
660
querceticola
543
punctulata .
660
PILUMNA .
643
RHYNCUOSTYLIS .
564
fragrans
644
cmlestis
564
grandifora
544
guttata
566
nobilis
544
retusa guttata .
566
PLATANTHERA .
630
prccmoi-sa .
564
incisa
630
violacea . . . .
568
PLATYCLINIS .
644
RODRIGUEZIA .
561
Cobbiana
545
lanctolata .
561
filiformis .
545
Leeana
159
glumacea .
545
secunda
661
uncata
545
SACCOLABIUM .
561
PLEIONE
546
ampullaceum .
562
birmanica .
647
moulmeinense .
563
concolor . . . .
547
bellinum .
563
Hookeriana
548
Berkeley i .
563
humilis . . . .
548
bigibbum .
663
658
SACCOLABIUM
SOBRALIA
Blumei . . . .
564
macrantha paUida .
majua
50-i
splendens .
Russelianuin
564
rosea .
coeleste . . . .
564
Ruclceri
curnfolium
5G5
xantholeuca
luteum
565
SOPHRONITIS .
furcatum . . . .
565
cernua
giganteum
5H5
cocciuea .
illustre
566
grandiflora
guttatum . . . .
566
Eoffmannscggli .
giganteum.
Holfordianum .
566
nutans
506
violacea .
Harrisonianum .
569
STAN HOPE A
HeiidersoDUinum
567
mirea .
Euttoni . . . 1
10, 507
Bucephalus
miniatum ,
567
Devoniensis
praemorsum
567
gibbosa
retusum
567
grandiflora
Rheedii
564
implicata .
ruhrum
503
insignis
Turneri .
568
Martiana .
violaceum .
568
oculata .
Harrisonianum .
568
tigrina
SARCAXTEUS .
566
lutescens
guHatus
566
Wardii
SARCOPODIUM .
155
aurea.
Lobbii
155
STAUROGLOTTIS
SATYRIUM .
630
e(f uesiris .
aureum
630
STEM A .
SCHLIMMIA .
569
Beaumontii
trifida
669
THUNIA
SCHOMBURGKIA
570
alba .
crispa.
570
Bensonise .
Lyonsi
£71
Dodgsoni .
tibicinis .
571
Marshalliana
SCUTICARIA.
672
nivalis
Dodgsoni .
572
Yeitchiana
Hadwenii .
572
Wrighyana
Steelii
. 573
TRICHOCENTRUM
SELENIPEDIUM
. 237
albo-purpureum
albo-purpurtum.
237
orthoplectron .
calurum ,
240
porphyrio .
cardinale .
. 240
tigi-inum .
caricinum
. 241
TRICHOGLOTTIS
caudatum .
241
fasciata .
rosevm
. 241
TRICHOPILIA
Dominianum
, 244
Candida
grande
longifolium
. 246
C'Ccinea
. 250
crispa
Roezlii
. 255
marginata
Schlimii .
. 256
fragrans .
Sedeni
. 256
nobilis
Wallisii .
262
Ga!eottiana
SOBRALIA .
. 573
hymenantha
leucoxantha
. 574
lepida
Liliastrum .
. 574
marginata
macrantha
575
picta ,
.* 5
Page
G59
Page
TEICHOPILIA
YANDA
suavis .... 594
tricolor, Dodgsoni .
alba .
594
Downside variet}-
694
insignis .
tortilis
594
Patersoni .
iunulbm
692
Russeliana
TRICHOSMA .
595
suavis
595
Warneri .
TRIGONIDIUM
363
violacea
monophyllum
363
VANILLA .
UROPEDIUM
696
Phalsenopsis
Lindeni .
597
WARREA .
VAN DA . ,
597
Candida
Batemanni
598
cyanea
Bensoni
598
alba .
Cathcarti .
599
tricolor ,
ccErulea .
599
Wailesiann
ccErulescens
600
WARSCEWICZELLA
Boxallii
600
aromatica .
concolor .
600
candda
cristata
601
velata
Denisoniana
601
Wailesiana
hebraica
601
WendLandii
(lensiflora .
565
discolor
furva
eoo
ZYGOPETALUM .
gigantea .
601
africanum.
hastifera .
603
aromaticum
Hookeriana
603
Backhousianum .
insignis
603
helium
Schroderiaiia
604
brachypetalum ,
lamellata Boxallii
604
Burkei .
limbata
605
Clayi
Lindleyana
603
cerinum
lissochiloides
598
Dayanum .
Loivii.
558
crinitum .
Parishii .
605
coeruleum ,
Marriottiana
605
Gairianum
parvijiora .
Roxburgh] i
112
Gautieri ,
606
intermedium
unicolor .
000
Klabochorum
Sanderiana
606
Lehmanni .
Stangeana .
607
Mackayi .
suavis
607
crinitum .
Gottschalckii
608
intermedium
teres .
608
maxillare .
Andersoni
609
micropterum
aurora
610
roBtratum .
Candida
610
Russelianum
tessellata ,
606
Sedeni
tesselloides
606
velatum
testacea
610
velutinum .
tricolor
610
Wallisii .
Corningii ,
611
Wendlandd
Dalkeith variety
610
THE
END.
Page
COREldENDA.
A few slight errors, mostly of punctuation, and too obvious to need a
record here, are scattered through the text, chiefly among the small type
references to figures. It may, however, be useful to point out the following,
which are more important.
Page Line
92 ... 34 For " Flore de Serves," read " Flore des Serves."
100 ... 11 For " Flore de Serves," read " Flore des Serves."
102 ... 27 For " Orchidacea," read " Orchidacea."
108 ... 20 For " cochinchinensis," read " cochinchinense."
151 ... 39 For "maerostachya," resid" macvostachi/a,"
256 ... 20 For " Ballanti/ne" rea,d"Ballantine "; also a.t p. 358.
271 ••• I 35 I For " Fytcheanum," read " Fytchianum."
280 ... 37 Insert " t." after " Orchid Album, iii."
320 ... 8 For " Schomburghii," read " Schomburgkii."
.328 ... 36 After '• Maund. Bot." for " v," read " v."
352 ... j gg > For " Percivalliana," read " Percivaliana."
363 ... 13 For " Cattleyi," read " CaUleya."
367 ... 28 For " Schroderii," read " Schroderi."
369 ... 24 Insert " N.s." after " Ga7-d. Chron."
372 ... 25 For " Phaius," read " Phajus."
398 ... 5 For " rubrum," read " rubra."
400 ... 21 Insert •' N.s." after " /d"
401 ... 9 Insert " N.S." before " xvi."
421 ... 26 For " Warcsewiczii," read " Warscewiczii."
449 ... 6 For " Wilckeanum," read " Wilckeanum,"
456 ... 26 For " magnificient," read " magnificent."
464 ... 6 For " Insleayi" read " Insleayi."
472 ... 28 Take out "is."
476 ... 27 Insert " La Plata " as the native country.
478 ... 23 For "id" read "/d"
478 ... 24 For " niust." read " Jllust."
489 ... 41 For " cinamon," read " cinnamon."
502 ... 10 For " Ceboletta," read " Cebolleta."
540 ... 22 For " Teijsman," read " Teijsmann."
545 ... 14 For " lati/ola," read " laiifolia."
548 ... 32 For " Fpidendruvi humihs," read " E2ndendvum humlle,"
550 ... 25 For " Codoygne" read " Coelogyne"
586 ... 5 For " Leach," read " Leech."
589 ... 17 For " Vandae," read " Vandece."
695 ... 15 For " candidum," read " Candida."
604 ... 15 Take out reference to TFarwer's Orc/w(is,
607 ... 26 Insert " Fig.— Xewm CrcA., ii. t. 102,"
610 ... 9 For "Aerides," read "AiiRiDES."
610 ... 34 For ^'vaviety," read " variety."
611 ... 32 Insert "Fig.— PFarwer, Sel. Orch. PL, i. t. 3."
ADVERTISEMENTS.
€H®&F 0»€HI0S.
B. S. WILLIAMS
Having an immense Stock of all the leading species and varieties of
Orchids, in small and specimen plants, both in the imported and
established state, is now offering them at exceptionally low prices.
Particulars and Prices furnished upon application.
THE COLLECTION OF ORCHIDS
In these Nurseries is very extensive ; several large Houses being
filled with these plants. Specimens are grown in large numbers, as
well as a very large stock of established, imported, and semi-
established plants. The Orchid Houses are worthy of a visit at all
times of the year, there being always a good display of plants in
flower of all sizes.
SPECIMEN PLANTS.
B. S. WILLIAMS having for many years made specimen plants,
suitable for Exhibition and decorative purposes, a speciality.
Gentlemen about furnishing Conservatories and Winter Gardens,
would do well before purchasing to pay these Nurseries a visit.
The Magnificent Collection of
FLOWERING & FOLIAGE PLANTS,
TREE AND OTHER FERNS,
CYCADS, PALMS, CAMELLIAS, AND AZALEAS, &c., &c.,
Is perhaps the Largest in Europe.
VICTORIA AND PARADISE NURSERIES,
UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
Dedicated by special permission to H.E.H. the PRINCESS OF WALES.
TEE ©IGMIl iLBils
Comprising COLOURED FIGURES md DESCRIPTIOK of
NEW, RARE, & BEAUTIFUL ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS,
CULTIVATED IN THIS COUNTRY.
CONDUCTED BY
ROBERT WARNER, F.L.S., F R.H.S.,
Author of ^^ Select Orchidaceous Plants,"
BENJAMIN SAMUEL WILLIAMS, F.L.S., F.R.H.S.,
Author of the " Orchid Grou-er^s Manual," 4-c.
THE BOTANICAr, DESCRIPTIONS BT
THOMAS MOORE, F.L.S., F.R.H.S.,
Curator of Chelsea Botanic Gardens.
The Coloured Figures by JOHN NUGENT FITCH, F.L.S.
Illustrations of Orchidaceous Plants are in great request, and the OECHID AIiBUM has
been projected with the object of supplj-ing the demand for them. The Album is issued in
Koyal Quarto, which enables the Artist to produce ample and intelligible portraits of the
plants, which are drawn and coloured by hand in the best style, and will, we trust, be
acceptable to the Orchid-loving public.
The test comprises English botanical descriptions of the plants figured, notes on their
cultivation, and such general observations concerning them as may be likely to prove of
interest or utility to Orchid growers. The subjects selected for the Illustrations will com-
prise the most ornamental and attractive species and varieties, new and old, of this noble
and beautiful family ; and we shall feel obliged to those Amateurs or Trade growers who
may communicate with us for the purpose of Illusti'ating either Novelties or specially fine
forms of older kinds. No pains will be spared, on our part, to secure accuracy in every
detail, both in regard to the figures and description:=, and we hope to present to our sub-
scribers an Annual Album of Floral Pictures, which will be at once welcomed to the Drawing-
room and the Library.
The work is issued regularly; in Monthly Parts, each part contains four handsomely hand-
coloured Plates, with descriptive Letterpress ; and a volume, consisting of Twelve Parts, is
completed annually.
Part I. was published in July, 1881. All back parts up to date can be supplied.
Price 5s. per Part, or 60s. per Annum (12 Parts), Post Free.
The Annual Vols, can be supplied, bound complete, with (jilt edi/es, price £3 6s. each.
Cloth Covers for binding the Volumes of this "Work can be suppKed, price 3s. 6d. each.
TO FOREIGN SUBSCRIBERS.
The Orchid Album will be sent Post Free, for 60s. per Annum, to any
country within the Postal Union.
Agent for India .-—Mr. S. P. Chatter jee, 78, Narcoledangah Main Road, Calcutta.
Agent for U. S. America : — Mr. Charles H. Marot, 814, Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.
Agent for Brazil .-—Mr. P. M. Binot, Nurseryman, Petropolis.
■WHERE subscriptions MAY BE SENT.
PUBLISHED BY
AT THE
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N.
ADA^KTISEMENTS.
"THE TIMES OF HORTICULTURE."
(ESTABLISHED 18il).
DEVOTED TO ALL BRANCHES OF GARDENING AND
RURAL PURSUITS GENERALLY.
Every Friday, price Fivepence ; post free, Fivepence-lialfpeiiny.
The "GARDENERS' CHRONICLE" is the leading Horticultural Journal, and
is widely circulated at Home, in the Colonies, and Abroad, especially among
Professional and Amateur Horticulturists, and those interested in Cultural
Matters and Natural History,
The "GARDENERS' CHRONICLE" is written by Men of Science, Pro-
fessional Gardeners, Amateurs, and Special Reporters. Its contributors include
almost all the leading British Gardeners and most of the principal Botanists and
Naturalists of this country, the Continent, India, the Colonies, and America.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
The "GARDENERS' CHRONICLE" is Illustrated from Wcodcuts, from
original designs by W. G. Smith, and other Artists.
ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS PAYABLE H ADYANCE.
THE UNITED KINGDOM :
12 Months, £1 3s.l0d. ; 6 Months, lis. lid. ; 3 Months, 6s., post free.
FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (EXCEPTING INDIA AND CHINA) :
Including postage, £1 6s. for 12 Months. India & China, £1 8s. 2d.
P. 0.0. to be made payable at DRURY LANE, London) to W. RICHARDS.
Checiues should hs crossed " DRUMMOND."
Office: 41, WELmGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
ORCHID GROWERS' SUNDRIES.
OCTAGONAL TEAK-WOOD ORCHID BASKETS,
These Baskets, which are in increasing demand among Orchid
Growers, are made with Octagonal Teak Rods, fastened with Gal-
vanised or Copper Wire, as desired. They are ordinarily made
square, but can be had in Cylindrical, Boat, or Raft Shapes. They
are elegant in appearance, strong, and durable.
/
Jl. Measure
1 V\. Basket.
' \ \ 3 inches
With
Galvanised
Wire & Iron
Nails.
Per doz.
«. d.
6 0.
With
Copper
Wire&
Nails.
Per doz.
s. d.
8 0
/
\ \ 4 „
8
0
10 0
/
\ \ 5 „
10
0 ■.
12 0
\ \ 6 „
12
0
14 0
\ \ 7 „
14
0
17 0
1 8 „
16
0
19 0
1^ 9 „
18
0
21 0
^^^^^ 10 „
20
0
23 0
^^^^^ ^ 12 „
25
0
30 0
^k'V^^ 1 Cylinders, 12 ins. by 6 ins.
^^^^^g Boats, 12 ins. by U ins.
24
18
0
0
26 0
21 0
^^^^^^^ Rafts, 9 ins. by 5 ins. ...
8
0
10 0
T-EI
LK RODS (Octagonal), for making Baskets, i
1 in. by 1 in., 2d. per foo
Special Shapes and Sizes made
^ in. by 1
t.
to order.
in., lid
per foot ;
WILLIAMS' ORCHID PANS.
These Pans are well adapted and highly recommended for growing
Orchids in, suspended from the roof, and are a good substitute for
wooden baskets and blocks. The Pans, as sold, have holes bored
in the side for attaching the wires to.
Per doz.-
-s. d.
Diameter.
Per doz.—*. d.
2 laches
1 0
5 inches
3 0
2i „
1 3
G „
4 0
3 „
1 6
7 „
5 0
3^ „
1 9
8 „
6 0
4 „
2 3
B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries,
UPPER HOLLOW AY, LONDON, N.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
ORCHID GROWERS' SUNDRIES.
WILLIAMS' NEW HOTHOUSE SHADING.
Especially recommended for Orchids.
After several years' successful trials at home, I have much pleasure in bringing
this Article before the notice of Orchid Growers as being the best of all Shadings
adapted to the culture of Orchids. It is a strong durable cotton netting, woven
in squares, but so close as to exclude the direct rays of the sun, whilst it gives the
greatest amount of light attainable through Shading. It also withstands the
weather better than any other class of Shading, and may be beneficially used
during cold weather to keep the frost out, owing to the thickness of its texture.
It stands exposure much longer tlian canvas, and is altogether a better article.
It is astonishing to see the difference in the growth of Orchids shaded with this
material and those shaded with canvas. In one case the plants receive the
greatest amount of light attainable through Shading, and consequently grow more
robustlj^, and produce stronger spikes and better coloured flowers ; in the other
the plants are drawn up, and the houses appear quite dark, the spikes become
slender and weak, and in many cases the plants do not flower at all. K. Warner,
Esq., Broomfield, Chelmsford, has employed this material for many years on his
Orchid Houses, and speaks very highly of it, and has pronounced it to be the best
material for Oichids he has ever used.
Blinds can be made up to any size with this Material, and fixed
complete in any part of the Kingdom,
Sold in Pieces 30 yards long by 1^ yards wide, price 455. each.
ESTIMATES FREE.
BURTON'S ORCHID-GROWERS' FRIEND.
This preparation will supply a want that has long been felt by Oichid Growers
in the destruction of insects peculiar to Orchidaceous plants.
It is the only preparation that will destroy Thrips, Scale, and Green Fly (except
fumigation, which has proved destructive to many kinds of Orchids, especially
those with thin leaves). It is also applicable for all kinds of plants, destroying
Thrip, Red Spider, and Scale, where other insecticides have faUed. It can be
used without injury on the most tender plants or leaves, and has no disagreeable
smell or unsightly appearance when on the plant.
Price 2s. 6d. and 5s. per bottle,
BEST SELECTED FIBROUS PEAT FOR ORCHIDS.
IDs. 6d. per sacic; 21s. and 42s. per crate.
FRESH SPHAGNUM MOSS FOR ORCHIDS.
3s. per bushel ; 12s. per sack.
BEST LUMP CHARCOAL FOR ORCHIDS.
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, London,
ADVEETISEMKNTS.
JOHN WAENEE & SONS,
CRESCENT FOUNDRY, CRIPFLEGATE, LONDON, E.G.,
AND FOUNDRY WORKS, WALTON-ON-THE-NAZE, ESSEX.
GARDEN PUMPS.
COCKS & VALVES. ORCHID BATHS, AND PORTABLE GARDE^
ASD FIRE ENGINES, in great variety.
PORTABLE PUMPS,
for manure or
<^N
TAPS AND UNIONS.
J. W.
WATER BARROWS. AQUAJECT AND DOUBLE-ACTION SYRINGES.
Horticultural List, or either of the following Catalogues, sent post free upon
application, viz., Pump, Sanitary, Plumbers', Braziery, and "Windmills. Drawings and Estimates
for Wind Engines, Water Wheels, and Hydraulic Machinery of every description, for Steam, Horse,
or Hand Power, will be forwarded upon receipt of description of requirements.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
§5 ^ptml %^pmimmt to f.gj . t§e frina of Malts.
B. S. WILLIAMS
Respectfully invites the Nobility and Gentry about to furnish their Conservatories,
Greenhouses, Stoves, and Orchid Houses, to an inspection of his Stock of
Magnificent Specimens that are unequalled in this country, consisting of the
CHOICEST and RAREST EXOTICS.
Tree Ferns, Dracsenas, Palms, Camellias, Azaleas, Agayes, Yuccas,
Cycads, Beaucarneas, Aralias, and all kinds of Elowering,
Stove, and Greenliouse Plants.
Besides the LARGE CONSERVATORY, which is at aU times of the year
■worth a visit, there are numerous Houses, consisting of ORCHID HOUSES,
PALM STOVES (to which many new and interestinsj Plants have of late been
added), NEW HOLLAND HOUSES, FERN HOUSES, AZALEA and
CAMELLIA HOUSES, and NEW PLANT HOUSES, &c., replete with Plants
which, by the interest and instruction they will afford, wUl well repay a visit.
All New Plants that are worthy of notice are to be seen here. The houses have
all been erected to suit the requirements of the Plants, which is one of the surost
roads to success in their cultivation. Should purchasers require Selections or
Collections of Plants they may depend upon having them put up with judgment.
In such cases it is advisable to supply a List of the kinds already ;
Priced Catalogues Gratis and Post Free to all Applicants.
SEED DEPARTMENT.
GENUINE SEEDS, CARRIAGE PAID AND PREE BY POST.
Complete Collections of Kitchen Garden Seeds for One Year's stipjjly, to suit
Large and Small Gardens, at the following Prices:
lOs. 6d., 21s., 42s., 63s., and 84s. each.
B. S. WILLIAMS devotes special and particular attention to this branch of
his business, and can strongly recommend all seeds offered by him as being grown
from the most carefully selected and genuine Stocks, all true to name, and of the
finest possible quality. His choice strain of Flower seeds, such as Primula,
Cineraria, Calceolaria, ifec, are unequalled ; they are grown especially for him by
persons who stand in the first position as cultivators of the respective kinds.
The SEED CATALOGUE published in January, which can be had post free on
application, wQl be found to contain Lists of the latest really useful Novelties in
Flower and Vegetable Seeds ; also a detailed compendium of all previously known
kinds. NEW AND GENERAL PLANT CATALOGUE, published in May.
BULB CATALOGUE, published in August, includes selected Lists of Hyacinths,
Tulips, Nai-cif sus. Crocus, Ranunculus, AmaryUis, Ixias, Gladioli, Liliums, and all
other choice and rare kinds; with a Supplementary List of VINES, FRUIT
TREES, SHRUBS, &c.
FOREIGN ORDERS.— Continental orders receive prompt attention. Plants
of all kinds, carefully packed by experienced packers, forwarded by the most
expeditious routes. American or Colonial Orders. —Seeds enclosed in air-tight
cases, Plants in Wardian Cases shipped direct.
VICTORIA & PARADISE KURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
Every Horticultural Improvement
INTRODUCED IN
WEEKS'S Conservatories, ! WEEKS'S Ferneries,
WEEKS'S Plant Houses, ' WEEKS'S Vineries,
WEEKS'S OrcMd Houses, WEEKS'S Pineries,
WEEKS'S Exotic Stoves, - WEEKS'S Orchard Houses,
WEEKS'S Cucumber Houses, WEEKS'S Melon Houses,
WEEKS'S Forcing Houses, i WEEKS'S Peach Houses,
WEEKS' S Propagating Houses, i WEEKS' S Glass WaU Coverings,
WEEKS'S System of Yentilation, I WEEKS'S Hot-water Apparatus.
All of which are of the very Best Description.
WEEKS'S PATENT
DUPLEX UPRIGHT TUBULAR BOILER,
With "FUEL ECONOMISER,"
IS ACKNOWLEDGED TO BE
ONE OF THE GREATEST MODERN SUCCESSES.
Full Particulars of this Invention, also their Book of Designs, 13th enlarged
Edition, with upwards of 50 Engravings, sent post free
ON APPLICATION TO
J". 'VT'EEISIS cS^ GC).^
HOT-WATER APPARATUS MMUFACTURERS, AND PATENTEES,
King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.
ADVERTISEMENTS .
B. S. WILLIAMS'
NEW AND CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS.
Per packet— s, d.
A MABYLLIS, seed from choice sorts, carefully hybridised 2 6
AURICULA, ALPINE 1 0
BALSAM, Williams' superb strain 2s.6d. and 1 6
BEGONIA, Hybrid, finest mixed 1 6
CALCEOLARIA, Williams' superb strain 6i., 3«. 6rf., 2«. 6rf., and 1 6
CAPSICUM, Williams' Little Gem 16
CARNATION, extra choice mixed 1 6
CINERARIA, Williams' extra choice strain 5s., 3s. 6d., 2s. 6d., and I 6
COCKSCOMB, Williams' Prize 2 6
CYCLAJelEN PERSICUM, Williams' superb strain 5s.,3s. 6d., 2s. ed.,and 1 6
GIGANTEUM, mixed 2 6
GLOXINIA, extra choice erect flowered 1 6
„ ,, drooping flowered 1 6
MIMULUS, finest mixed 1 0
PANSY, saved from an unrivalled collection 2«. 6(?. and 1 0
PENTSTEMON, choice mixed 10
PETUNIA, striped 1 0
PICOTEES, choice mixed ., 1 6
POLYANTHUS, Williams' prize strain 1 0
PRIMULA, Williams' Superb. We can with confidence recommend this strain as the
finest in cultivation, red, white, or mixed ... bs., 3s.6d.,2s. (id., and 1 6
„ mixed packets, in 6 varieties, containing Alba Magnifica, Chiswick Red,
Coccinea, purple, red, and white 2s. 6c?. and 1 6
PYRETHRUM AUREUM SELAGINOIDES 1 6
STOCK, BROMPTON, Williams' Giant Scarlet, the finest ever offered, the centre spike
being frequently 20 or more inches in length, while the lateral branches produce
trusses from 12 to 14 inches 1 0
Packets of FLOWER SEEDS, excepting heavy hinds, Free by Post.
In ordering FLOWER SEEDS, it will be quite sufficient to send the
number attacbed to each kind only, being careful that it is taken from
tbe current year's Catalogue.
FREE DELIVERY.— All Orders for SEEDS amounting to £1 and upwards will be
delivered FREE OF CARRIAGE to any Railway Station in England and Wales; and
all Orders of £2 or more in value to any Railway Station in Scotland and any Steam
Shipping Port in Ireland.
NEW AND CHOICE VEGETABLE SEEDS.
BEAN, Williams' Early Prolific Dwarf French per quart 2 6
BROCOLI, Williams' Alexandra per packet 1 0
BRUSSELS SPROUTS, Welch's Giant „ 10
CELERY, Williams' Matchless Red ,, 10
„ „ ., White „ 1 0
CUCUMBER, Osmaston Manor „ 16
Walker's Hero „ 1 6
ENDIVE, Williams' Gloria Mundi „ 10
MELON, Harefield Grove (novelty for 1886) ,, 2 6
„ Williams' Semper Fidelis ... ' „ 16
LETTUCE, Williams' Victoria Cos ,, 10
ONION, Williams' Magnum Boniim „ 16
PEA, Williams' Emperor of the MaiTOW per quart 2 6
Holloway Rival „ 2 6
TOMATO, Williams' Golden Queen per packet 1 6
„ „ Ne Plus Ultra „ 10
„ „ Red King „ 16
,, Orangefield Improved „ 0 6
B. S. WILLIAMS' Illustrated Seed Catalogue is published annually in January, and
will be forwarded Gratis and Post Free to all applicants.
VICTORIA & PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
WILLIAMS' MUSHROOM SPAWN,
The best in the Market, never fails to give satisfaction.
, '' ^^^
MUSHROOMS.
Mushroom beds or boxes maybe formed and planted at any season, but decidedly
tbe best times are in the months of September and February ; for instance, a bed
spawned in September will last through the winter months, and will be succeeded
by the February or March bed, which will in its turn give a supply through the
summer and early autumn.
Per bushel of 14 cakes.
Superior quality ... ... ... ... 5s.
For cultural directions, see Early's little book on " Mushrooms," price Is.
From Mr. G. Mitchison, The Gardens, Perry Hall, Birmingham :— " I must tell
you I have had a splendid lot of Mushrooms from the Spawn I had from you. I
also had FIRST PRIZE for them at Birmingham."
From Mr. L, Taylor, Gardener to the Duke of Grafton, "Wakefield Lodge,
Stoney Stratford : — " The last Mushroom Spawn I had from you was really
first-rate."
From Mr. Thomas Conway, The Gardens, Elm Park, Co. Limerick :— " The
Mushroom Spawn you sent last year was the best I ever saw."
From Thomas Bdtler, Esq., Cirencester: — "The Mushroom Spawn I had
from you has proved the best 1 ever had. I have been a Mushroom grower for
over 20 years."
B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries,
UPPER HOLLOW AY, LONDON, N.
ADVEETISEMENTS.
Contractors to Her Majesty's War Department.
THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY,
OLD BARGE WHARF, ^^
UPPER GROUND ST„
LONDON, S.E„
Surrey Side, Blachfriars Bridge,
HAVE THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE STOCK IN THE TRADE,
Awarded Gold and Silver Medals, Birmingham, 1872, & London, 1883.
Hot Water
Boilers,
Pipes,
Connections,
And all
Castings for
Horticultural
Purposes.
GOLD "MEDAL" BOILER.
(This Boiler is used by Mr, B. S. Williams at his extensive Nurseries at
Holloway, who wUl testify to its mo?t extraordinary capabilities of heating
power, with economy in consumption of fuel) .
PATENT RELIANCE
ROTARY VALVES.
Awarded Special Certificate, 1883.
LIST PEICE on Application, or 12 Stamps for DESCRIPTIVE CATALOCrUE
(Sixteenth Edition).
ADVERTISEMENTS.
WORKS BY B. S. WILLIAMS, f.ls., f.r.h.s.
"Mr. Williams has long been known as one of our best and most successful
plant growers." — Gardeners^ Chronicle.
"Mr. Williams' skill as a plant cultivator is well and widely known." — Journal
oj Horticulture.
Post octavo, cloth, price 7s. 6d. ; post free, Ss.
CHOICE
STOVE AND GREENHOUSE FLOWERING PLANTS.
Third Edition, Enlarged and Revised.
The above work is now published and has been entirely revised up to the present
time. It is copiously illustrated with seventeen page and thirty-two double-page
engravings on wood, and comprises descriptions of upwards of Thirteen Hundred
species and varieties of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, together with chapters con-
tainiu!^ full directions and plans for the erection of Plant Stoves and Greenhouses ;
also plans and practical instructions relating to the culture of the samp, including
Potting, Propagation, remarks upon Fertilisation, VentUation, Shading, and
Watering.
SELECT FERNS AND LYCOPODS.
BRITISH AND EXOTIC.
Second Edition, Enlarged and Revised, 2)rice 5s. ; post free, 5s. 5d,
COPIOUSLY ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD.
Comprising descriptions of Nine Hundred and Fifty choice species and varieties,
accompanied by directions for the cultivation of Ferns in pots, soil and mode of
potting. Tree Fern culture, management of a Fernery under glass, construction
and management of a Fernery in the open air, &c.
" We have no hesitation in stating that this is the best garden work on Exotic
Ferns which has yet appeared." — Gardeners' Chronicle.
CHOICE STOVE AND GREENHOUSE ORNAMENTAL-
LEAVED PLANTS.
Second Edition, Enlarged and Revised, price 5s. ; post free, 5s. 5d.
PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD.
Containing descriptions of upwards of Eight Hundred species and varieties, with
full directions and plans for the erection of Plant Houses especially adapted for
this class of Plants, Greenhouses, and Conservatories.
" This is a companion volume to Mr. Williams' admirable work on ' Stove and
Greenhouse Flowering Plants,' and is as well got up as regards mechanism, and as
terse and practical in style as the most business-like reader could desire."—
Gardeners' Magazine.
PUBLISHED AND SOLD BY THE ADTHOE,
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
IMPORTER AND GROWER OF ORCHIDS,
OKIGINAL MANUFACTURER OF
Orchid Baskets, Hafts^ Boats^ Cylinders, &*c.,
ON AN IMPROVED PRINCIPLE,
88, DOWNS PARR ROAD, HACKNEY, LONDON.
HORTICULTURAL SOILS, MANURES, SUNDRIES, & BERKSHIRE POTTERY.
Trepho for Orchids.
Peat for Orchids.
Peat for G-eneral use.
Sand, fine and coarse.
Shell Shingle for staging.
Spar Gravel for staging.
Teak Baskets, Rafts, &c.
Labels and Sticks, various.
Insecticides, &c.
Tobacco Paper and Cloth.
Tebb's Fumigators.
Raffia, Mats, &c.
Garden Pots and Stands,
Orchid Pots and Pans.
Cutlery (Sayaor's).
Wreaths and Crosses, &c.,
&c.
BENJAMIN FIELD, F.R.H.S.,
(Son-in-hiw and Successor to J. KENNARD),
S W^^]Srj PFL^^OE, OLD KIEITT R,O^^ID, S.E.
Established 1854. Catalogues free per Post.
SELECT ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS.
By ROBERT WARNER, F.R.H.S., F.L.S.
THE NOTES ONjCULTURE BY B. S, WILLIAMS, F.L.S., F.R.H.S.
Dedicated by special j^ermission to Her Majesty Queen Victoria.
Third S-"ries, now in course of publication, may be had in Parts, price 10s. 6d
each, containing Three beautifully hand-coloured Illustrations.
First and Second Series, price, bound complete, £7 7s. each.
lAY BE HAD OP
B. S. WILLIAMS,
VICTORIA AlfD PAEADISE NTJUSEEIES,
UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
B. S. WILLIAMS'
DESCRIPTIVE AND PRICED CATALOGUES
Are published annually at the time specified below, and will be
forwarded gratis and post free to all applicants.
THE SEEO CATALOGUE,
(JANUARY),
Contains upwards of Sixty pages, including descriptive Lists of Novelties in
Flower a,nd Vegetable Seeds, also a detailed compendium of all previously known
kinds, with copious notes for the guidance of Amateur cultivators, together with
a list of best varieties of Potatoes, Agricultural Seeds, Horticultural Implements,,
and Garden Requisites.
HEW & GEHERALPLAHT CATALOGUE,
(SPRING),
Contains One Hundred pages, including detailed Lists of New Plants, Orchids,
Ferns, Palms, Stove, Greenhouse, and Hardy Plants, &c., with full descriptions of
the choicest varieties.
AN ILLUSTRATED LIST OF
BEOGIHG & SUB-TROPICAL PLAHTS
IS ISSUED IN MAY.
THE BULB CATALOGUE,
(AUGUST),
Contains Fifty-two paees, including selected Lists of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus-r
Crocus, Ranunculus, Freesias, Amaryllis, Ixias, Gladioli, Liliums, and all other
choice and rare kinds, with suggestions as to Culture, &c. ; also a
Supplementary List of Fruit Trees, Yines, Strawberries, Herbaceous
and Alpine Plants, Hardy OrnameDtal Shrubs, Climbers, &c.
LANDSCAPE AND SUB-TROPICAL GARDENING.
Estimates, Plans, and Advice given for the Laying-out of Parks, Pleasura
Grounds, Rockwork, Ferneries, &c., and to keep the same in order by-
contract or otherwise in any part of the country.
B. S. W. has much pleasure in stating that he has upon his Gardeners' Register many men
of the strictest integrity, thorouehly qualified to undertake the duties of Head Gardener,
Bailifi, Gardener and Bailiff, or Under Gardener. Ladies or Gentlemen requiring such, may
rely upon B. S.W. recommending only those whose conduct and abilities are worthy of
their trust.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
Calcutta, 1883-Slr.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
hmBsmwrn miiiiii©.
B. S. WILLIAMS having an efficient Foreman in this Department,
is prepared to accept contracts for laying out
PARKS, PLEASURE GARDENS, &C.,
and to keep the same in order by contract or otherwise.
FLORAL DECORATIONS. .
For many years this has been a special feature of this Establish-
ment; B. S. W. having been entrusted with some of the largest
Floral Decorations that have ever been carried out in London;
and considering the immense stock of Plants, &c., always on hand,
suitable for
FETES, BALLS, WEDDING & GARDEN PARTIES,
patrons may rely on B. S. W. carrjdng out their wishes in the most
expeditious and artistic manner.
FURNISHING CONSERVATORIES, &c,
Contracts will also be given for keeping furnished with Plants,
Large or Small Conservatories, Halls, Jardinieres,
Fern Cases, and Window Boxes,
both for summer and winter decoration, and to change the same
when necessary ; also for
PLANTING AND CONSTRUCTING FERNERIES
in any part of the Kingdom.
B. S. WILLIAMS,
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries,
UPPER HOLLOW AY, LONDON, N.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
THE
ACME LABELS.
^REGISTERED.)
Specimens and Prices on
Application.
NO WRITING REQUIRED.
Orchid Isabels nttw in Stock.
Sole Manufacturer-JOHN PINCHES,
27, OxENDEN Street, London.
HORTICULTURAL
SHEET GLASS.
31~oz. Foreign of the
annexed sizes in 100 aud
200 feet boxes ; 3rds and
4ths qualities always kept
in stock.
A large stock of similar
current sizes of 1 5-oz.
glass in 200 feet boxes.
Propagating and Cu-
cumber Glasses, and
all miscellaneous glass
articles can be obtained from
GEO. FARMILOE & SONS, Glass, Lead, Oil, & Colour Merchaiits,
34, ST. JOHN STREET, WEST SlIITHFIELD, LONDON, E.G.
.S to cl£ ILittt anil Prirew on application. Quote *' Orchid Manual."
CS-IL-^AlSS t gi^^a^ss t t
GLASS for Greenhouses,
Orchard Houses, Con-
servatories, Pit Frames,
&c. Also White Lead,
Paints, Oils, and Colours
of every description.
Aquariums, Fern Cases,
Cloches and Propagating
G'asses. Zinc Hand
Frames. Ilhistrated
Catalogues on applica-
tion.
JAMES PHILLIPS <Sc CO.,
6 & 7, HALF MOON STREET, BISHOPSGATE STREET WITHOUT, LONDON, E.G.
Fstahlished 60 Years.
GRAND RESULTS OBTAINED by the use of
JEYES' "GARDENER'S FRIEND."
Ore Gallon of this Fluid, diluted with water according to directions, and applied
w-ith an ordinary watering-can, EflFectually Destroys all Weeds, Moss, Worms,
and Insects on Gravel Walks, Lawns, &c.
Price 3s. Gcf, per gallon, including drum; 40-gallon casks, £4 10s. Carriage paid,
Xviitinionial.
" We have been favoured with a quantity of this Compound for trial, and have found it
effectual as a destroyer of weeds and moss on garden paths, and as a powerful insecticide.
Care must be taken, however, with this as with most insecticides, not to u,~e it too strong, so
as to injure the foliage and \ oung growths of plants, and this can easily be done by reducing
its power with water." — Journal of Morticulture, 4c., 11th June, 1885.
JEYES' SANITARY COMPOUNDS CO. (Limited),
4'^, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
CHOICE FLORISTS' FLOWER SEEDS.
Sold only in Sealed Packets bearing my Trade Mark.
WILLIAMS' SUPERB STRAIN of PRIMULAS.
THE FINEST IN CULTIVATION.
B. S. W. begs to call special attention to his superb strain of this
universally admired winter and spring-flowering Plant. He can
with confidence offer it as being unequalled in cultivation. Plants
from this seed have always been awarded First Prizes wherever
exhibited. B. S. W.'s strain of Primula is so well known to all the
principal Gardeners in the three Kingdoms that it is unnecessary
to give Testimonials.
Red, White, or Mixed, Is. 6d., 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d., and 5s. per packet.
WILLIAMS' PRIMULA SINENSIS FIMBRIATA ALBA
MAGNIFICA.
A variety of exquisite form and substance, with very compact habit; the
flowers are pure white in colour, with large bright yellow eye, and measure
2\ inches in diameter. They are borne in large trusses well above the foliage.
Is. 6d., 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d., and 5s. per packet.
PRIMULA SINENSIS FIMBRIATA CHISWICK RED.
This is the most brilliant crimson- scarlet Primula yet sent out, with habit as
robust as Alba magnijica, the foliage is very finely cut and of a deep green colour.
Is. 6d., 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d,, and 5s. per packet.
PRIMULA SINENSIS FIMBRIATA COCCI NEA.
The flowers are as large as those in my superb strain of red and white, and are
of a brilliant scarlet, with a bright sulphur eye, exquisitely fringed and of great
substance.
Is. 6d., 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d., and 5s. per packet.
PRIMULA SINENSIS FIMBRIATA RUBRO VIOLACEA.
It is a remarkably fine plant of extremely robust habit, bearing flowers of an
exceedingly peculiar violet-crimson shade; hence its name, most appropriately
given by the Koyal Horticultural Society of Chiswick.
2s. 6d., 3s. 6d., and 5s. per packet.
PRIMULA SINENSIS FIMBRIATA METEOR.
The blooms are of medium size, good form and substance. They are well
fimbriated. The colovur is of an intense rich crimson, relieved by a bright
yellow eye.
2s. 6d., Ss. 6d., and 6s. per packet.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
CALCEOLARIA (Williams' Superb Strain).
The peculiar features of these Calceolarias are their dwarf robust habit aid
strong constitution. They produce immense tiusses of very large, finely-shaped
flowei-s, of exquisite and varied colours, such as cannot fail to give universal
satisfaction.
Is. 6d., 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d., and 5s. per packet.
CINERARIA (Williams' Extra Choice Strain).
This superb strain of Cineraria is of very dwarf branching habit, with robust
constitution. The seeds have been saved with special care, and are the produce
of extremely fine flowers of the most diverse colours ; indeed, for furm, bize, and
colour, they far surpass the majority of the named varieties.
Is. 6d., 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d., and 6s. per packet.
CYCLAMEN PE RSI CUM {Williams' Superb Straiii).
The Plants of this superb strain are remarkable for their dwarf robust growth ;
the flowers are of great size, foim, and substance, while the colours consist oi pure
white, white with deep crimson base, delicate rose-tinted flesh, and various shades
of carmine, rose, and crimson, all worthy to be named.
Is. 6d., 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d., and 5s. per packet.
Cyclamen Persioum Brilliant, fine crimson, 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d. and 5s. per packet.
Cyclamen Persicum Crimson /C/ng; brilliant crimson, 3s. 6 d. an J 5s. per packet.
CYCLAMEN PERSICUM GIGANTEUM.
This variety has very broad beautifully mottled leaves, and stout flower stalks,
throwing the flowers well above the foliage; each flower measuring from 2 to
2^ inches in length, with broad petals of great substance, pure white, with a fine
bold violet-purple eye.
2s. 66.., 3s. 6d., and 5s. per packet.
Cyclamen Giganteum Album (white), 3s. 6d. and 5s. per packet.
Cyclamen Giganteum Compactum, 3s 6d. and 5s. per packet.
Cyclamen Giganteum Roseum (rose), 3s. 6d. and 5s. per packet.
Cyclamen Giganteum Rubrum (crimson), 3s. 6d. and 53. per packet.
NOVELTIES FOR 1886.
CYCLAMEN PERSICUM ALBERT VICTOR (new).
Awarded First Class Certificate. Colour intense brilliant carmine, dwarf and
compact habit. 5s. per packet.
CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM ROSE QUEEN (new).
Splendid variety, of pale rose colour, suffused vnth bright rosy carmine, and deep
rosy crimson base. 5s. per packet.
B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries,
UPPER HOLLOW AY, LONDON, N.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
B. S. WILLIAMS,
HORTICULTURAL BUILDER
ANB
HOT-WATER ENGINEER.
(^on^rnatoiiic^B, ^Initt iausj}s, ©ini|ri4s, (B\\t\iu\
Erected complete on the most approved principles
in any part of the Kingdom.
EXISTING BUILDINGS ALTERED OR RENOVATED,
For which Plans and Specifications will hej}repared,free of cost, when the
Contracts are accepted, either on large or small scale.
HEATIM CARRIED OUT ON THE MOST APPROVED PRINCIPLES.
The wliole of tlie work is carried out under our own supervision,
and hy our own staff of Builders.
The Plant Houses\in these Nurseries have all been erected by our own
men ; and parties about constructing Conservatories, Stoves, &c., should
pay these Nurseries a wisit, and inspect the Plant Houses, when any advice
will be gladly given.
BEST DESIGNS, BEST MATERIALS.
Gentlemen about erecting ORCHID HOUSES should send
for Plans and Estimates.
VICTORIA AND PARADISE NURSERIES,
UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N.
.,^^-^-^.^\^^^^,^^<^^^.
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