OREGON
RULE
^ADlANjt
JUL2?t98?
SOUTHERN ALBERTA HERBICIDE APPLICATION
PROJECT REPORT
1980
by
S. E. Hoyles
1982
Edmonton
ENR Number: T/34
International Standard book Number: 0-86499 - 057-X
Additional copies of this report are available from:
Alberta Energy and Natural Resources,
Resource Information Services
14th Floor, South Petroleum Plaza
9915 - 108 Street
Edmonton, Alberta Canada
T5K 2C9
Phone:
403-427-7003
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. CARTWRIGHT RANCH - 1980 3
2.1 Comments 6
3. CYPRESS HILLS (GOODE'S) HERBICIDE TRIAL -
INTERIM REPORT - 1980 9
3.1 Procedure 10
3.2 Observations 14
4. mcintyre ranch herbicide trial - interim
REPORT - 1980 23
4.1 Procedure 25
4.2 Observations 30
5. SPRUCE RANCH CO-OP HERBICIDE TRIALS -
INTERIM REPORT - 1980 35
5.1 Procedure 35
5.2 Observations 39
k
6. WALDRON GRAZING CO-OP HERBICIDE TRIALS -
INTERIM REPORT -1980 45
6.1 Observations 50
i i i
'
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figures
Figure Page
1. Cypress Hills Herbicide Plot Layout 10
2. McIntyre Ranch Herbicide Plot Locations 24
3. Spruce Ranch Co-op Herbicide Plot Locations 36
4. Plot Layout of Waldron Herbicide Trials 45
v
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1. Cartwright Ranch Production Data 1980 4
2. Cartwright Ranch Summary Production Data
1977- 1980 5
3. Cypress Hills Herbicide Plots 9
4. Cypress Hills Herbicide Project Summary Data
1978- 80 11
5. Cypress Hills Herbicide Project Average %
Composition 12
6. Cypress Hills Herbicide Project Individual
Species % Composition 13
7. Cypress Hills Herbicide Plots Species List --
Tordon 10K 15 lbs. /a 15
8. Cypress Hills Herbicide Plots Species List --
Tordon 10K 20 lbs. /a 16
9. Cypress Hills Herbicide Plots Species List —
Tordon 1 OK 32 lbs. /a 17
10. Cypress Hills Herbicide Plots Species List --
Tordon 101 100 oz./a 18
11. Cypress Hills Herbicide Plots Species List --
Brushkill 100 oz./a 19
12. Cypress Hills Herbicide Plots Species List --
Gyro Mowing 20
13. Cypress Hills Herbicide Plots Species List --
Controlled Burning 21
14. McIntyre Ranch Herbicide Trials Plot Treatment 23
vii
Table Page
15. McIntyre Ranch Herbicide Trials % Stem Counts
- 1980 26
16. McIntyre Ranch Herbicide Project Total Stem
Count Data 1978-1980 27
17. McIntyre Ranch Herbicide Trials % Stem Counts
1978-1980 28
18. McIntyre Ranch herbicide Trials Average %
Vegetative Composition - 1980 29
19. McIntyre Ranch Herbicide Trials % Vegetative
Composition 1979-80 29
20. McIntyre Ranch Herbicide Plots 1979 Production
Data 31
21. McIntyre Ranch Herbicide Plots Species List --
Tordon 1 OK 20 lbs. /a 32
22. McIntyre Ranch Herbicide Plots Species List --
Tordon 101 100 oz./a 33
23. McIntyre Ranch Herbicide Plots Species List —
Brushkill 100 oz./a 34
24. Spruce Ranch Co-op — Summary Data % Vegetative
Composition 1978-1980 37
25. Spruce Ranch Co-op Average Vegetative Composition
1978-1980 37
26. Spruce Ranch Co-op -- 1980 Species % Composition 38
27. Spruce Ranch Co-op Herbicide Plots Species List
— Tordon Pellets 40
28. Spruce Ranch Co-op Herbicide Plots Species List
-- Tordon 101 100 oz./a 41
29. Spruce Ranch Co-op Herbicide Plots Species List
— Brushkill 100 oz./a 42
30. Spruce Ranch Co-op Herbicide Plots Species List 43
31. Waldron Herbicide Plots 46
vi i i
Table Page
32. Waldron Herbicide Plots — Stem Count Summary
1978-80 . ........ 47
33. Waldron Grazing Co-op Stem Count Data — 1980 ...... 48
34. Waldron Grazing Co-op Total Stem Count Data
1977-80 ................... 49
35. Waldron Herbicide Plots -- Species List
1977-1980 ........................ 52
36. Waldron Herbicide Plots Species List — Tordon
101 100 oz./a. ..................... 53
37. Waldron Herbicide Plots Species List — Brushkill
100 oz/a. ........................ 54
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Acknowledgements and thanks are extended to Cameron Wall man and
Leslie Walker of Alberta Energy and Natural Resources, Range Management
Section, who assisted in the collection of data in 1980 for these
projects.
ix
ABBREVIATIONS
Fesc
=
Festuoa soabrella
Feid
=
Festuoa idahoensis
Dain
=
Danthonia intermedium
Agsu
=
Agropyron sub secundum
Phpr
=
Phleum pratense
Pofr
=
Potentilla fruticosa
Ant
=
Antennaria spp.
Gabo
=
Gallium boreale
Getr
=
Geum triflorum
Aggl
=
Agoseris glauca
Oxma
=
Oxytropyis macounii
Acmi
=
Achellia milli folium
Anrnu
=
Anemone multifida
Heri
=
Heraculum richardsoiiii
Syoo
=
Symphoricarpus occidentalis
Xl
1. INTRODUCTION
Rangelands in Southern Alberta, along the foothills and into the
fescue grasslands, are slowing being overtaken by encroaching brush.
Willow, poplar, snowberry, and rose consume open grassland in the
foothills at the rate of approximately one section per year.
Many methods of brush removal and range improvement are under
investigation and use. These include chemical, biological, and
mechanical means of removal and control.
In this report, various chemical applications for control of
shrubby species are examined.
1
2. CARTWRIGHT RANCH — 1980
This study was initiated as a result of a request from the
Foothills Forage Co-operative Association to examine chemical means of
brush control in the foothills region. John Cartwright offered a portion
of his deeded land.
Spraying occurred July 16, 1976 on willow brush, maximum height
of four feet. Three 10-acre plots were sprayed with the following:
1. Plot 6 -- Esteron 3-3E (24 oz. 2 ,4-D ( 1 0E ) and 24 oz.
2,4,5-T(MBE)/a. ).
2. Plot 7 -- Tordon 101 (5 oz. Picloram + 20 oz. 2,4-D (amine)/a.).
3. Plot 8 -- Tordon 101 + Nalcontrol (5 oz. Picloram + 20 oz. 2,4-D
(amine), 1 oz. Nalcontrol added to 40 gal. solution).
Productivity clips are taken each year from the three treated
plots and from untreated range. Clips for 1980 were taken on August 22.
Forage was separated into four categories: forbs, shrubs, grass, and
litter. Samples were then air-dried and weighed to determine pounds per
acre of forage.
On July 21, 1980, the Cartwrights sprayed the rangeland where
the plots were located with a mixture of 12 oz. 2,4,5-T and 20 oz.
2,4-D. The willow was starting to brown over at sampling time, but the
forbs showed little effect. The last year forage productivity
information was taken from these herbicide plots was 1980.
3
Data collected from 1980 and summary production data for 1977 to
1980 are listed in the table below.
Table 1
CARTWRIGHT RANCH
Production Data
1980
Production - Ibs/acre
Grass Forbes Shrubs Litter
Plot 8 1 359 121 7.1 1 876
Plot 7 . . 1 402 161 — 1 751
Plot 6 1 595 17 — 1 819
Outside 1 213 253 29.0 839
Table 2
CARTWRIGHT RANCH
I
Summary Production
Data 1977-1980
Grass
Production -
Forbs
1 bs/acre
Shrubs
Li t ter
Plot 8 (Tordon 101 + Nalcontrol)3
1977
2 076
25
--
778
1978
2 558
171
--
895
1979
2 294
14
1 1
2 764
1 980
1 359
121
7
1 876
Plot 7 (Tordon 1 0 1 ) a
1977
1 759
32
--
935
1978
2 818
68
103
892
1979
1 648
27
7
2 675
1 980
1 402
161
--
1 751
Plot 6 (Esteron 3 ~ 3 E ) a
1977
1 584
25
--
1 149
1978
2 394
246
--
563
1979
2 129
25
4
2 137
198° b
1 595
27
--
1 819
Control
1977
1 348
62
--
1 239
1978
1 327
490
--
739
1979
1 334
319
136
1 721
1980
1 312
253
29
839
a10 quarter-metre clips,
b ,
15 quarter-metre clips.
5
2.1 Comments
Data collected in 1980 indicates grass production to be almost
equal among all the plots. There is a 10 to 25 per cent increase in
herbage on the treated, versus untreated, grassland. Forb production is
still reduced by 47 to 53 per cent on Plots 8 and 7, and 90 per cent on
Plot 6.
1. Tordon 101 + Nalcontrol
a) First year of data indicates a 35 per cent increase in grass
productivity, 60 per cent decrease in forbs.
b) Preceding years show a 52 to 58 per cent increase in grass
production. Four years after application, forbs are still reduced by 52
per cent.
2. Tordon 101
a) In the first year after herbicide application, grass
production increased 33 per cent; forbs decreased 50 per cent.
b) Second-year grass production increased by 63 per cent; grass
production decreased sharply thereafter, but still remained greater than
on untreated plots. Forb production decreased 85 per cent on treated
plots over the following years.
3. Esteron 3-3E
a) An increase of 15 per cent in grass production was noted in
the first year; forbs were reduced by 60 per cent.
b) In the second and third years, a 45 per cent and 37 per cent
increase in grass production occurred, respectively. Forbs were reduced
by 50 per cent and 90 per cent respecti vely . In 1980, though grass
production was not as great as in previous years; a 24 per cent increase
was noted. Forbes were reduced by 90 per cent compared to untreated
range.
6
From the data presented above, it would seem that the greatest
increase in grass production occurred in the second and third years after
herbicide application. A definite levelling-off in grass production
occurs in the fourth year.
7
3. CYPRESS HILLS (GOODE’S)
HERBICIDE TRIAL
INTERIM REPORT
1980
The Goode's herbicide trial plots are located on the southeast
boundary of the Cypress Hills in SE 29-7-1 -W4.
An exclosure, 20 rods by 80 rods, was fenced out in 1977.
Eighteen plots 43' by 100' (1/10 acre) were marked out on the south side
of the exclosure. Herbicide treatments were applied to various plots
July 8, 1977, as follows:
Table 3
CYPRESS HILLS HERBICIDE PLOTS
Treatment Plot No.
Tordon 1 OK pellets @ 15 lbs. /a 3, 8
Tordon 1 OK pellets 0 20 lbs. /a 1,5
Tordon 1QK pellets @ 32 lbs. /a 17, 18
Tordon 101 pellets @ 32 lbs. /a 2, 6
Brushkill @ 100 oz./a 4, 7
Gyro mowing 9, 10, 11, 12
Controlled burning 13, 14, 15, 16
9
3.1 Procedure
On each of the 18 plots, various sampling methods were used to
determine the effect of the brush control treatments. Two diagonal
100-foot line-point transects were run on each plot to determine native
forage composition. Line-intercept readings of Pot&yvUlla knutZaom were
taken from the same transect lines. Complete species lists within the
plots were also compiled. Data collected is presented in Figure 1.
Fig. 1 CYPRESS HILLS HERBICIDE PLOT LAYOUT.
10
Table 4
CYPRESS HILLS HERBICIDE PROJECT
Summary Data 1978-80
Pofr.
L i ne
c
A
l Composition
T reatment
1 ntercept
1978 1979
(In.)
1980
1978
Grass
1979
1980
1978
Forbs
1979
1980
ITordon 10K Pel lets
15 lbs/acre
11"
27"
38"
92
97
98
8
3
2
20 lbs/acre
79"
1"
5"
92
100
97
8
0
5
; 32 lbs/acre
127"
114"
103"
92
97
95
8
6
5 !
Tordon 101
| 100 oz/acre
18"
75"
79"
94
92
94
6
8
6
jBrushk i 1 1
100 oz/acre
28"
58"
93"
77
93
93
23
7
7
Control 1 ed
Burning
88"
400"
240"
74
78
64
26
22
36
Gyro
Mowi ng
1
82"
259"
112"
72
82
81
28
18
20
1
Abbreviations used: Pofr. - Potentilla fruticosa
11
Table 5
CYPRESS HILLS HERBICIDE PROJECT
Average % Composition
Grass
Forbs
P. Frutioosa
1 ntercept
(In. /200 ft.)
Plot
Rat i nga
Tordon 10K 15 Ibs/acre
98
2
38
8
7
Tordon 10K 20 Ibs/acre
97
3
5
9
10
Tordon 10K 32 lbs/acre
95
5
103
7
5
Tordon 101 100 oz/acre
94
6
79
8
8
Brushkill 100 oz/acre
93
7
93
4
7
Gyro Mowing
81
20
1 12
6, 5
6,
5
Control 1 ed Burn i ng
64
36
240
3, 3
2,
3
NOTE: Data obtained
July 30 and 31
, 1980
.
aControl of brush vi
sua 1 1 y assessed
on a
scale from 1 to 10:
1 =
plot
extremely shrubby; 10 = few shrubs located.
12
Table 6
CYPRESS HILLS HERBICIDE PROJECT
Individual Species
% Composition
r '
i
i
Tordon 1 OK Pellet
Tordon 101
Brushk i 1 1
Control
Gyro
] Plant
,Spec i es
15 I b/ac
20 1 b/ac
32 1 b/ac
100 oz/ac
1 00 oz/ac
Burn
Mow i n g
(3 » 8) a
0, 5)
(17, 18)
(2, 6)
(7, 4)
(13,14,
15,16)
(9,10,
11,12)
: Fes c
82
71
55
77
68
46
58
; Feid
11
18
35
8
14
5
9
! Dain
2
--
--
--
--
--
2
j Car ex
4
5
--
4
5
1 i
7
s
• Agsu
2
--
6
5
1
4
Poa
--
--
3
--
--
--
--
| Phpr
—
3
---
--
--
--
!
j Aster
2
4
3
6
--
24
13
Pofr
--
3
--
--
--
--
Ant
--
--
--
--
2
3
--
Gabo
--
--
--
--
4
1
--
Getr
--
--
--
--
2
3
2
Aggl
--
--
--
--
--
--
4
Oxma
--
--
--
--
--
--
1
Acmi
--
--
--
--
--
1
--
Amu
--
--
--
--
--
1
--
Herd
---
--
--
--
--
1
--
Pofr*
38
1
103
79
93
240
112
aBrackets indicate plot numbers.
bpofr Line Intercept results in inches.
13
3.2 Observations
The following observations are based on data collected to date:
1. Tordon 1 OK pellets at 15 and 20 pounds per acre appear to have
the greatest control on Votzwtiila inwUcoAa. In 1980, data indicates
that these plots have the highest composition of grass.
2. Mechanical means of brush control seemed to stimulate growth
of VotoyvUMa ^nwtido^a.
3. On burned plots, there is a definite increase in forb composition.
4. Fe.Atu.ca tcabsiMa is the dominant grass in all plots.
5. F zAtuca idako£vu>it> seemed to increase with the higher rates of
Tordon application.
This is an interim report and, therefore, no definite
conclusions can be formulated at this time. Sampling will continue and
observations will be made in the future.
14
Table 7
CYPRESS HILLS HERBICIDE PLOTS
Species List
Plots 3 & 8
i
Tordon 10K
Tordon 10K
'
15
1 bs/acre
15
1 bs/acre j
Grasses
1978
1979
1980
Grasses
1978
1979
1980!
i
Agropyron dasystachyum
X
Danthonia intermedia
X
X
X
intermedia
X
Festuca idahoensis
X
X
x 1
subsecundum
X
X
X
scabrella
X
X
X
Agrostis palustris
X
Juncus spp.
X
1
I
scabra
X
X
X
Koeleria cristata
X
1
I
Bromus inermis
X
Phleum pratense
x 1
Calamovilfa longifolia
X
Poa spp.
X
Car ex spp.
X
X
X
1
1
i
3
Shrubs
CO
1979
1980
i
1
1
. 1
Potentilla fruticosa
X
X
X
i
i
Forbs
1978
1979
1980
Forbs
00
r--
CT\
1979
l
19801
1
Achillea millefolium
X
X
X
Hedysarum alpinum var.
X
|
X I
Antennaria spp.
X
americanum
1
Agoseris glauca
X
Eeuchera richardsonii
X
x 1
Anemone multifida
X
Lupinus argenteum
X
X
x i
Aster spp.
X
X
X
Penstemon albidus
X
X i
Campanulla rotundi folia
X
X
Potentilla nitidus
X
i
Chenopodium album
X
gracilis
X
i
Cirsium arvense
X
Solidago missouriensis
X
|
Collomia linearis
X
Taraxacum officinale
X
i
Erysimum cheiranthoides
X
Thermopsis rhombi folia
X
j
Frag aria glauca
X
Thallictrum venulosum
X
i
t
Galium boreale
X
X
Thlaspi arvense
X j
Gaillardia aristata
X
X
I Viola rugulosa
X
Geum triflorum
X
X
X
\ Zizia aptera
X
X
X I
; Zjygadenus elegans
X
X
X 1
15
Table 8
CYPRESS HILLS HERBICIDE PLOTS
Species List
Plots 1 & 5
Tordon 10K
Tordon 10K
20
1 bs/acre
20
1 bs/acre
Grasses
1978
1979
1980
Grasses
00
r^.
<T\
1979
OO
O
Agropyron sub secundum
X
X
X
\Festuca idahoensis
X
X
X
Agrostis scabra
X
scabrella
X
X
X
1
Bromus inermis
X
X
1 J uncus spp .
X
\ Car ex spp.
X
X
X
\Koeleria cristata
X
X
1
Danthonia intermedia
X
X
X
\Muhlenbergia cuspidata
X
1
\Phleum pratense
X .
Shrubs
1978
1979
1980
1 ' ' 1
Potentilla fruticosa
X
X
X
i
1 . . I
Forbs
1978
1979
1980
Forbs
1978
1979
1 980 ‘
i
Achillea millefolium
X
X
Heuchera richardsonii
X
i
x 1
Allium cernuum
X
X
Lupinus argenteus
X
X
X
| Antennaria spp.
X
Penstemon nitidus
X
X
i
1 Agoseris glauca
X
Potentilla gracilis
x i
Anemone multi fi da
x !
Sisyrinchium montanum
X
j
Aster spp.
X
X
Solidago missouriensis
X
Campanulla rotundifolia
X
X
X |
; Taraxacum officinale
X .
Collomia linearis
X
x i
Thlaspi arvense
x 1
Cirsium arvense
X
j:
\ Thallictrum venulosum
X
Erysium cheiranthoides
X |
j Thermopsis rhombifolia
X
X
Galium boreale
X
X I
Viola rugulosa
X
Gaillardia aristata
X
Zizia aptera
X
X
X
Geum triflorum
X
X
Zygadenus elegans
X
j
Hedysarum alpinum var.
X
X
X j
americanum
1
16
Table 9
CYPRESS HILLS HERBICIDE PLOTS
Species List
Plots 17 & 18
!
Tordon 10K
Tordon 10K
32
1 bs/acre
32
1 bs/acre
Grasses
1978
1979
1980
Grasses
1978
1979
CO
00
0
Agropyron subsecundem
X
J uncus spp.
X
X
Agrostis scabra
X
X
X
Koeleria cristata
X
X
Bromus inermis
X
X
Muhlenbergia cuspidata
X
Car ex spp.
X
X
Phleum pratense
X
Danthonia intermedia
X
X
X
Poa spp.
X
X
X
Festuca idahoensis
X
X
X
scabrella
X
X
X
Shrubs
1978
1979
1980
Potentilla fruticosa
X
X
X
Forbs
CD
•'-J
CO
1979
CO
00
0
Forbs
CO
OO
1979
1980
Achillea millefolium
X
X
Helianthus petiolaris
X
Agoseris glauca
X
Lupinus argenteum
X
X
X
Antennaria spp.
X
X
Oxytropis macounii
X
Aster spp.
X
X
Potentilla gracilis
X
Campanulla rotundi folia
X
X
X
Penstemon nitidus
X
X
Cerastium arvense
X
Saponaria vaccaria
X
Erigeron spp.
X
X
Solidago missouriensis
X
Frag aria glauca
X
X
Taraxacum officinale
X
X
X
Galium boreale
X
X
X
Thallictrum venulosum
X
X
X
Gaillardia aristata
X
Thermopsis rhombi folia
X
X
Geum triflorum
X
X
X
Viola rugulosa
X
X
Hedysarum alpinum var.
X
X
\Zizia apt era
X
X
americanum
j| Zygadenus elegans
i!
X
17
Table 10
CYPRESS HILLS HERBICIDE PLOTS
Species List
Plots 2 S 6
Tordon 101
Tordon 101
100 c
>z/acre
100 <
oz/acre !
Grasses
1978
1979
1980
Grasses
1978
1979
1980!
1
Agropyron subsecundum
X
X
X
Festuca idahoensis
X
X
I
X j
Agrostis scabra
X
scabrella
X
X
X 1
Bromus inermis
X
J uncus spp.
X
j
Car ex spp.
X
X
Koeleria cristata
X
X
Danthonia intermedia
X
X
Phleum pratense
X
X
1
1
1
Shrubs
CO
CT\
1979
1980
Fotentilla fruticosa
X
X
X
i
i
i
Forbs
VO
"-J
oo
1979
VO
CO
0
Forbs
1978
1979
0
00
cr>
Achillea millefolium
X
X
X
Eedysarum alpinum var.
X
X
1
x !
Agoseris glauca
X
americanum
i
Anemone multi fida
X
X
Eeuchera richardsonii
X
X 1
Aster spp.
X
X
Lupinus argenteus
X
X
x !
Antennaria spp.
X
X
Poetentilla pensylvanica
X
Campanulla rotundi folia
X
X
X
Fenstemon nitidus
X
X
Cirsium arvense
X
Taraxacum officinale
X
X
Collomia linearis
X
Thermposis rhombi folia
X
X
Galium boreale
X
X
X
Viola rugulosa
X
Gaillardia aristata
X
Zizia aptera
X
X
x i
Geum triflorum
X
X
Zygadenus elegans
X
X
i
i
18
Table 11
CYPRESS HILLS HERBICIDE PLOTS
Species List
r
Plots 1 S k
i
Grasses
Brushk i 1 1
100 oz/acre
1978 1979 1980
Grasses
Brushki 1 1
100 oz/acre
1978 1979 1980
Agropyron smithii
X
Koeleria cristata
X
X
sub secundum
X
X
X
Fhleum pra.tense
X
Agrostis s cobra
X
X 1
Poa spp.
X
Car ex spp.
X !
Danthonia intermedia
X
x i
\
Festuca idahoensis
X
X
X 1
scabrella
X
X
x 1
i
1
Shrubs
1978
1979
1980
i
i
Potentilla fruticosa
X
X
X
1
1
j
Forbs
1978
1979
VJD
00
0
Forbs
1978
1979
1980S
1
Achillea millefolium
X
X
X
Geum triflorum
X
X
j
x 1
Antennaria spp.
X
X
X
Eedysarum alpinum var.
X
X
x i
Agoseris glauca
X
X
X
americanum
1
Anemone multi fida
X
X
X
Eeracleum lanatum
X
x !
Aster spp.
X
X
X
Eeuchera ri chords onii
X
x i
Campanulla rotundi folia
X
X
X
Lupinus argenteus
X
X
x i
Chenopodium album
X
Penstemon albidus
X
X
x i
Collomia linearis
X
X
Potentilla gracilis
X
j
Cerastium arvense
X
X
Plantago mayor
X
i
Erigeron spp.
X
Solidago missouriensis
X
I
Frag aria glauca
X
X
Taraxacum officinale
X
X
x 1
Galium boreale
X
X
X
Thallictrum venulosum
X
X
x j
Gaillardia aristata
X
X
X
Zizia aptera
X
X
x i
Geranium viscosissimum
X
X
X
Zygadenus elegans
X
X
i
i
19
Table 12
CYPRESS HILLS HERBICIDE PLOTS
Species List
Plots
9 , 10, 11 S 12
Gyre
Mow i n g
Gyro
Mow i n g
Grasses
co
CO
1979
1980
Grasses
CD
'-J
00
1979
0
OO
CPi
Agropyron smith'd
X
Elymus canadensis
X
sub secundum
X
X
X
Festuca idahoensis
X
X
X
Agrostis scabra
X
X
scabrella
X
X
Bromus inermis
X
J uncus spp.
X
Bouteloua gracids
X
Koeleria cristata
X
X
Car ex spp.
X
X
X
Muhlenbergia cuspidata
X
Danthonia intermedia
X
X
X
Fhleum pratense
X
Shrubs
1978
1979
CD
OO
O
Potentilla fruticosa
X
X
X
Forbs
1978
1979
1980
Forbs
CD
00
1979
1980
Achillea millefolium
X
X
X
Eeuchera richardsonii
X
X
Antennaria spp.
X
X
X
Lupinus argenteus
X
X
X
Agoseris glauca
X
X
X
Oxytropis macounii
X
Anemone multi fida
X
X
splendens
X
X
Aster spp.
X
X
X
Potentilla gracilis
X
X
X
Astragalus spp.
X
pensy Ivanica
X
Campanulla rotundifolia
X
X
X
Penstemon albidus
X
Chenopodium album
X
\ Saponaria vaccaria
X
Cirsium arvense
X
Sisyrinchium montanum
X
Erigeron spp.
X
X
Solidago missouriensis
X
X
Frag aria glauca
X
Taraxacum officinale
X
X
X
Galium boreale
X
X
X
Thlaspi arvense
X
Gaillardia aristata
X
X
X
Thallictrum venulosum
X
X
Geum triflorum
X
X
x
i Thermopsis rhombi folia
X
X
X
Hedysarum albinum var.
X
X
X
Viola rugulosa
X
americanum
Zizia aptera
X
X
Helianthus petiolaris
X
i
Zygadenus elegans
X
20
Table 13
CYPRESS HILLS HERBICIDE PLOTS
Species List
P 1 ots
13, 14, 15 & 16
j
j
Control led
Control 1 ed j
Burn i ng
Burn i ng
Grasses
oo
r-"-
£
1979
VO
S
i
Grasses
1978
1979
0
00
CP\
Agropyron dasystachyum
X
Car ex spp.
X
X
X
smithii
X
Danthonia intermedia
X
X
X
sub secundum
X
X
X
Festuca idahoensis
X
X
X
Agrostis scabra
X
X
scabrella
X
X
X
Bromus inermis
X
X
Koeleria cristata
X
X
Bouteloua gracilis
X
J uncus spp.
X
X
Shrubs
VO
'-'1
OO
1979
1980
Votentilla fruticosa
X
X
X
Forbs
1978
1979
0
00
(J\
Forbs
1978
1979
1980
Achillea millefolium
X
X
X
Heuchera richardsonii
X
Allium cernuum
X
Lupinus argenteus
X
X
X
Antennaria spp.
X
X
X
Oxytropis macounii
X
X
Agoseris glauca
X
X
Botentilla gracilis
X
X
X
Anemone multi fida
X
X
pensy Ivanica
X
Aster spp.
X
X
X
Sisyrinchium montanum
X
Campanulla rotundi folia
X
X
X
Solidago missouriensis
X
X
Cirastium arvense
X
Taraxacum officinale
X
X
X
Erigeron spp.
X
X
Thallictrum venulosum
X
Frag aria glauca
X
X
X
Thermopsis rhombi folia
X
X
Galium boreale
X
X
X
Vicia americana
X
Gaillardia aristata
X
X
Zizia apt era
X
X
X
Geum triflorum
X
X
X
Zygadenus elegans
X
X
Hedy s arum albinum var.
X
X
X
amercianum
\
21
4. mcintyre ranch herbicide trials
INTERIM REPORT - 1980
The McIntyre herbicide plots are located west of the McIntyre
Ranch Farm Headquarters and Highway 62 on the north side of the Milk
River Ridge formation.
On July 4, 1977, six 0.1-acre plots were marked out (see Fig. 2)
and were treated with herbicides as presented in Table 14.
Table 14
mcintyre ranch herbicide trials
Plot Treatment
Treatment
Plot No.
Tordon 1 OK pellets @ 20 lbs. /a. 3, 5
Tordon 101 @ 100 oz./a. 2, 4
Brushkill @ 100 oz./a. 1, 6
In addition to the plots listed above, two patches of snowberry
were treated with Tordon 10K pellets, the first (approximately 0.12
acres) at a rate of 16 lbs. /a., and the second (approximately 0.10 acres)
at a rate of 24 lbs. /a.
23
Highway 62
\
Fig. 2. MclNTYRE ranch herbicide plot locations
24
4.1 Procedure
Beginning in 1977, data was collected from the McIntyre
herbicide plots. Initially, stem counts were taken on each of the
treatments to determine the effect of the herbicides on brush. Tallies
were divided into four categories: (1) N = New growth, (2) U =
Unaffected, (3) P = Partially affected, and (4) D = Dead.
Each of the six plots was marked with three one-square-metre
sample sites. Over the years, many of these sites have disappeared by
one means or another: all those on plot 4; two on plot 1; and, all on
plot 3 in 1980. In 1979 and 1980, vegtative composition was determined
by employing 100-foot line-point transects. In 1979, 20 quarter-metre
clips were collected on all treated plots, and 40 on untreated range, to
determine vegetative productivity. Cattle were allowed to graze wh ere
the treatments were located in 1980, so no clips were taken. Species
lists were compiled every year.
Data compiled to date is presented in Table 15 along with
comments.
25
Table 15
McIntyre ranch herbicide trials
% Stem Counts - 1980
N U P D
Tordon 10K (5) 20 Ibs/acre
Snowberry 40 25 23 13
Rose 56 44
Brushkill (1 & 6) 100 oz/acre
Snowberry 5 39 34 21
Rose 14 38 14 34
Tordon 101 (2) 100 oz/acre
Snowberry 36 14 40
Rose 50 20 25 5
NOTE: N = New growth; U = Unaffected; P = Partially affected; D = Dead.
26
MCINTYRE RANCH HERBICIDE PROJECT
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27
McIntyre ranch herbicide trials
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28
NOTE: N = New growth; U = Unaffected; P = Partially affected; D = Dead. Abbreviation used: ND = No Data.
Table 18
McIntyre ranch herbicide trials
Average % Vegetative
Compos i t i on- 1 980
Grasses
Forbs
% Cover
Tordon Pel lets
(3 6 5)
95
5
9
Tordon 101
(2 £ 4)
88
1 1
13
Brushki 1 1
(1 s 6)
82
16
15
Control
56
39
9
Table 19
McIntyre ranch herbicide trials
% Vegetative Composition
1979-1980
Grass
1979
1980
Forbs
1979
1980
%
1979
Cover
1980
Tordon Pel lets
98
95
2
5
15
9
Tordon 101
91
88
9
1 1
23
13
Brushki 1 1
66
82
34
16
12
15
Control
68
56
32
39
15
9
29
4.2 Observations
From data collected to date, the following observations were
noted:
1. The clip data indicates a definite decrease in production of
forbs on the Tordon 101 plots. A surprising increase in shrub production
is also noted.
2. All herbicide treatments increased grass production ranging from
15 to 33 per cent.
3. Stem counts from 1973-1980 have revealed the following:
a) Tordon 101 plots indicate a surgence of new growth for
both SympkotvicaApiiA and Ro6a.
b) Tordon 10K plot shows a definite increase in new growth
of Rota.
c) On the brushkill plots, new growth seems to have declined.
d) Ocular evaluation of herbicide treatments are as follows:
1) Brushkill had a poor effect on shrubs, with less than 15 per
cent kill .
2) Tordon 101 shows a 40 per cent kill; Rota and SympkosUcasipuA
are coming back quickly.
3) Tordon 1 OK appears to have a more effective kill -- 75 to 80
per cent; some SympkofUc.aApuA and Rota, are returning.
30
Table 20
McIntyre ranch herbicide plots
1979 PRODUCTION DATA
Average
1 bs/acre
Product i
on
Grass
Forbs
Shrubs
Litter
B i omass
Control
833
443
355
525
2 207
Tordon 1 OK
Tordon 101
1 321
1 1 1
181
1 314
2 927
100 oz/acre
Brushki 1 1
1 248
93
556
832
2 728
100 oz/acre
1 040
189
574
2 086
3 889
31
Table 21
McIntyre ranch herbicide plots
Species List
t
Plots 3 Sr 5
Tordon 10K
20 Ibs/acre
Grasses 1978 1979 1980
Tordon 10K
20 Ibs/acre
Grasses 1978 1979 1980
Agropyron cristatum x
dasystachyum x
smithii x
sub secundum x x
Agrostis scabra x x
Bromus ci liatus x
inermis x
tectorum x
Carex spp. x x
Danthonia parry i x
Festuca idahoensis x x
scabrella x x
Hordeum jubatum x x
J uncus spp . x
Phleum pratense x x
Pea spp. x x
Stipa viridula x x
Shrubs 1978 1979 1980
Ribes spp . x
Rose spp. x x
Symphoricarpos x x
occidentalis
Forbs 1978 1979 1980
Forbs 1978 1979 1980
Achillea millefolium x x
Artemisia frigida x
gnaphaloides x
Antennaria spp. x x
Aster spp. x x
Chenopodium album x
Cirsium arvense x x
Discurainia sophia x
Erysimum cheiranthoides x
Frag aria glauca x x
Galium boreale x
Geranium viscosissimum x x
triflorum x x
Eackelia floribunda x
Lappula occidentalis x
Lithosperunum ruder ale x
Lupinus argenteus x x
Oxytropis gracilis x
Monarda fistulosa x
Orthocarpus luteus x
Potentilla gracilis x x
Penstemon confertus x x
Plantago mayor x
Solidago missouriensis x
Thlaspi arvense x
Tragapogan dubius x x
32
Table 22
McIntyre ranch herbicide plots
Species List
| - ■ — : ----- z"/— — ~
Plots 2 & b \
Tordon 101
100 oz/acre
Grasses 1978 1979 1980
Tordon 101 j
100 oz/acre
Grasses 1978 1979 1980
Agropyron dasystachyum x
smithii x
subsecundum x x
Agrostis scabra x x
Bromus ciliatus x x
inermis x x
tectorum x
Car ex spp. x x
Danthonia parryi x
Festuca idahoensis x
scabrella x
Hordeum jubatum x x
Juncus spp. x
Phleum pratense x x
Poa spp. x x
Stipa viridula x
Shrubs 1978 1979 1980
Rose spp. x x
Symphori carpus occidentalis x x
Forbs 1978 1979 1980
Forbs 1978 1979 1980
Achillea millefolium x x
Antennaria spp. x
Anemone multi fida x
Artemisia frigida x
gnaphaloides x
Aster spp. x x
Castilleja septemtrionalis x
Cirsium arvense x x
Bescurainia sophia x
Erysimum cheiranthoides x
Frag aria glauca x x
Galium boreale x
Geranium viscosissmum x
£ez^?? triflorum x
Heuchera richardsonii x
Lappula occidentalis x
Meliolotus officinalis x
Penstemon confertus x
Monarda fistulosa x x
Oenothera biennis x
Potentilla gracilis x x
Ratibida columnifera x
Taraxacum officinale x
Thlaspi arvense x
Tragopogan dubius x x
33
Table 23
McIntyre ranch herbicide plots
Species List
Plots 1 & 6 i
Brushki 1 1
100 oz/acre
| Grasses 1978 1979 1980
i
Brushki 11 i
100 oz/acre !
i
Grasses 1978 1979 1980j
!
j
| Agropyron cristatum x
j dasystachyum x
I smithii x
! subsecundum x
Agrostis scabra x x
Bromus ciliatus x
inermis x
tectorum x
Calamagrostis montanensis x
Car ex spp. x x \
Festuca idahoensis x j
scabrella x *
Hordeum jubatum x j
Juncus spp. x ‘
Phleum pratense x x
Poa spp. x x
Stipa viridula x
i
Shrubs 1978 1979 1980
i
Crataegus chrysocarpa x
Ribes spp. x
Rose spp. x x
| Rubus strigosus x
| Symphoricarpos occidentalis x x
Forbs 1978 1979 1980
Forbs 1978 1979 1980
Achillea millefolium x x
Allium cernuum x
Artemisia gnaphaloides x x |
Anemone multi fida x !
Aster spp. x x j
Androsace septentrionalis x !
Castillega septentrionalis x *
Cirsium arvense x
Descurainia sophia x :
Epilobium angusti folium x
Erysimum cheiranthoides x
Frag aria glauca x x '
Galium boreale x x
Gentiana af finis x
triflorum x
j Geranium viscosissimum x x
i Glycyrrhiza lepidata x
l Rackelia floribunda x
| Lappula occidentalis x
! Lupinus argenteus x
i Melilotus officinalis x
* Monarda fistulosa x x
' Oxytropis macounii x
Potentilla gracilis x x
Ratibada columnifera x
Solidago missouriensis x
Taraxacum officinale x
Tragopogan dubius x
Uritica gracilis x x
34
5. SPRUCE RANCH CO-OP
HERBICIDE TRIALS
INTERIM REPORT
1980
The Spruce Ranch herbicide trial plots are located just north of
Spruce Ranch Co-op Headquarters on SE1/4 1 3-1 6-3-W5 .
Two 100- by 100-foot exclosures were erected in 1975. Four
plots 100' by 22' were marked in each exclosure. Herbicide treatments
were applied to the plots on June 25, 1977, as follows:
1. Tordon 1 OK pellets @ 20 lbs. /a.
2. Tordon 101 @ 100 oz./a.
3. Brushkill @ 100 oz./a.
4. Control: untreated.
5.1 Procedure
Beginning in 1978, data was collected to determine the effect of
the herbicides on the vegetative community. Tv/o diagonal 100 foot
linepoint transects were run to determine vegetative composition. Line
intercept readings on VotontUULa were also recorded on these
same transects. A complete species list was species list was compiled
for all treated and control plots.
Data collected to date appears as follows. It should be noted
that these exclosures are excluded from grazing; therefore, the
information should be viewed with that fact under consideration.
35
East Exclosure
West Exclosure
ri
i ,
I R.i
! Rj
IK!
i i i
K 1
' 1 1
' 1 I
1 L ,
'L|
L LJ
:_lj
Fig. 3- SPRUCE RANCH CO-OP HERBICIDE PLOT LOCATIONS
pel lets”!
_ _ _ _i
36
Table 2k
SPRUCE RANCH CO-OP - SUMMARY DATA
% Vegetative Composition
1978-1980
1
1978
Grass
1979
1980
1978
Forbs
1979
1980
Potentilla
fruticosa
Intercept (in.)
1978 1979 1980
Control
68
68
71
32
32
29
75
60
1 48
Tordon 101
95
100
83
5
0
13
26
3
78
Tordon Pel lets
100
90
97
0
10
3
k
kl
21
Brushki 1 1
85
88
89
15
12
1 1
7
1
29
Table 25
SPRUCE RANCH CO-OP
Average Vegetative
Compos i t i on
1978-1980
Potentilla |
fruticosa
\
Grass
Forbs
Intercept (in.) j
Control .
69
31
55
Tordon 101 .......
93
6
* !
Tordon Pel 1 ets
96
k
23
Brushki 11
87
13
1 k |
37
Table 26
SPRUCE RANCH CO-OP - 1980
Species % Composition
Spec i es
Tordon 10K
Tordon 101
Brushki 1 1
Control
Grasses
Agropyron smithii
8
3
10
subsecundum
—
6
--
Agrostis scabra
4
--
--
--
Bromus ciliatus
8
12
Car ex spp.
8
9
8
5
Danthonia parryi
8
21
15
--
Festuea idahoensis
8
--
5
scabrella
12
29
35
30
Koeleria oris tat a
--
3
12
Phleum pratensis
6
--
10
Poa pratensis
46
12
8
10
Forbs
Achillea millefolium
--
4
5
Agoseris glauca
4
5
Aster spp.
3
--
—
Gallium boreale
--
3
--
--
Geum triflorum
4
--
--
--
Poa spp.
--
3
Potentilla fruticosa
--
--
--
10
Taraxacum officinale
--
4
5
Thermopsis rhombifolia
--
--
--
5
Zygadenus elegans
"
3
— —
38
5.2 Observations
Presented here are observations based on data collected:
1. Transect data indicates per cent grass composition is greatest on
Tordon 1 OK pellet- treated plots.
2. Of the treated plots, brushkill had the highest per cent
composition of forbs.
3. Visual observations reveal that both Tordon treatments (10K and
101) have the greatest effect on brush.
4. Ro6a 6pp. is very common on the brushkill plots.
5. Fc6£uca 6cabfie,tta, Poa 6pp., and VantkovUa pa/viyi are the
dominant grasses on Tordon-treated plots.
6. On brushkill plots, Poa 6pp. and Pataca 6cabsie£la are the
dominant grasses.
7. Z ygadzmi6 eZzgan6 and Campanula xotandi fio&La are the dominant
forbs on Tordon-treated plots.
These observations form the basis of an interim report and,
therefore, no conclusions have been presented.
39
Table 27
SPRUCE RANCH CO-OP HERBICIDE PLOTS
Species List
*— —
Plots
Eas t
& West
j
1
1
Tordon
Tordon
1
i
1
Pel lets
Pel 1 ets
Grasses
1973
1979
o
CO
cn
Grasses
1978
1979
0
OO
cr»
Agropyron dasystachyum
X
Danthonia parry i
X
X
x i
smithii
X
X
Festuca idahoensis
X
X
X I
sub secundum
X
X
X
scabrella
X
X
x i
Agrostis scabra
X
X
Koeleria cristata
X
x
Bromus cilicatus
X
Juncus spp.
x i
inermis
X
Phleum pratense
X
X
x j
Calamagrostis canadensis
X
Poa spp.
X
X
x i
montanensis
X
X
Stipa viridula
X
X
j
Car ex spp.
X
X
Shrubs
OO
1979
1980
Potentilla fruticosa
X
X
X
Rose spp.
X
1
!
Salix spp.
X
X
1
Forbs
VX> j
OO
1979
1980
Forbs
1978
1979
1980
Achillea millefolium
X
X
Lupinus argenteus
X
Allium cernuum
X
X
Potentilla gracilis
X
X
X
Aster spp.
X
X
Sisyrinchium montanum
X
Campanulla rotundi folia
X
X
Taraxacum officinale
X
X
X
Erigeron glabellus
X
Thallictrum venulosum
X
X
X
Fragaria glauca
X
Vicia americana
X
Geum triflorum
X
X
X
Viola rugulosa
X
Gaillardia aristata
X
X
Zizia aptera
X
X
Hedysarum alpinum var.
X
Zygadenus elegans
X
X
americanum
j
40
Table 28
SPRUCE RANCH CO-OP HERBICIDE PLOTS
Species List
Plots East
S West
Tordon
101
Tordon
101
100
oz/a
ere
100
oz/acre
Grasses
1978
1979
1980
Grasses
1978
1979
1980
Agropyron smithii
X
X
Festuca idahoensis
X
X
X
subsecundwn
X
X
X
scabrella
X
X
X
Agrostis scabra
X
J uncus spp .
X
Bromus ciliatus
X
Koeleria cristata
X
X
inermis
X
Rhleum pratense
X
X
X
Calamagrostis canadensis
X
Poa spp.
X
X
X
montanensis
X
Stipa comat a
X
Car ex spp.
X
X
X
spartea
X
Danthonia parryi
X
X
X
viridula
X
X
Shrubs
v-o
1979
1980
Potentilla fruticosa
X
X
X
i
Rose spp.
X
x
1
Rubus strigosus
X
X
X I
Forbs
oo
cn
1979
1980 j
!
Forbs
VO
00
1979
1980
Achillea millefolium
X
>
X I
Helianthus lenticularis
X
Allium cernuum
X
x !
Eeuchera richardsonii
X
X
Astragalis spp.
X
I
Monarda fistulosa
X
X
Artemesia gnaphaloides
X
X
X
Oxytropis spp.
X
Aster spp.
X
X
X
i Potentilla gracilis
X
X
X
Campanulla rotundi folia
X
X
j Sisyrinchium montanum
X
X
Crepis spp.
X
! Senecio spp.
X
Frag aria glauca
X
X
X
1 Taraxacum officinale
X
X
Gaillardia aristata
X
X
j Thallictrum venulosum
X
X
X
Galium boreale
X
X
X
| Vicia americana
X
Geum triflorum
X
X
j Zizia apt era
X
X
X
Hedysarum alpinum var
X
x
! Zygadenus elegans
X
X
X
americanum
i
i
i
41
Table 29
SPRUCE RANCH CO-OP HERBICIDE PLOTS
Species List
1
Plots
East
& West
i
\
Grasses
Brushk i 1 1
100 oz/acre
1978 1979 1980
Grasses
1
Brushki 1 1 j
100 oz/acre j
1978 1979 1980j
Agropyron smithii
X
X
X
Banthonia parry i
X
X
X |
subsecundum
X
X
X
Festuca idahoensis
X
X
X j
Agrostis scabra
X
X
scabrella
X
X
X j
Bromis inermis
X
Juncus spp.
X
i
Calamagrostis canadensis
X
Koeleria cristata
X
X I
montanensis
X
X
Rhleum pratense
X
X
X i
rubescens
X
X
Poa spp.
X
X
X j
Car ex spp.
X
X
X
Stipa viridula
X
X
xi
i
Shrubs
1978
1979
1980
j
i
i
Potentilla fruticosa
X
X
X
1
j
Rose spp.
X
X
X
I
Salix spp.
X
j
i
Forbs
1978
1979
1980
Forbs
V-O
— 1
00
1979
0
00
cn
Achillea millefolium
X
X
X
Lathy rus ochroleucus
X
I
Astragalis spp.
X
Monarda fistulosa
X
X
Allium cernuum
X
X
Potentilla gracilis
X
X
Artemisia gnaphaloides
X
X I
Sium suave
X
Agoseris glauca
X
x !
Sisyrinchium montanum
X
Aster spp.
X
X
! Solidago missouriensis
X
Campanulla rotundi folia
X
X
1 Taraxacum officinale
X
X
X
Erigeron glabellus
i
X
1 Thallictrum venulosum
X
X
X
Frag aria glauca
X
x 1
1 Thermopsis rhombifolia
X
X
X
Gaillardia aristata
X
X
| Vicia americana
X
X
Galium boreale
X
X
X
| Viola rugulosa
X
Geranium viscosissimum
X
| Zizia cordata
X
Geum triflorum
X
| Zygadenus elegans
X
X
X
Hedy s arum alpinum var.
X
\
americanum
i
42
Table 30
SPRUCE RANCH CO-OP HERBICIDE PLOTS
Species List
I
I
Check
- East & West
Grasses
1978
1979
1980
Grasses
1978
1979
1980
Agropyron dasystachyum
X
Danthonia parryi
X
X
X
smithii
X
X
\Festuca idahoensis
X
X 1
sub secundum
X
X
X
| scabrella
X
X
x !
Agrostis scabra
X
X
\Koeleria cristata
X
X
Bromus ciliatus
X
| Phleum pratense
X
X
X
marginatus
X
X
X
,[ Poa spp .
X
X
X
tectorum
X
Stipa richardsonii
X
Calamagrostis canadensis
X
viridula
X
X
Car ex spp.
X
X
X
_ 1
Shrubs
1978
1979
1980 j
Shrubs
1978
1979
1980
! Juniperus horizontalis
X
x
1
1
i 1 ■
\Rose spp.
X
X
X
] Potentilla fruticosa
j
X
X |
Salix spp.
X
X
j Forbs
1978
1979
1980 1
Forbs
V-D
OO
1979
1980
j
j Achillea millefolium
X
X
x |
Helianthus lenticularis
X
■ i
1
j Allium cernuum
X
X 1
Eeuchera richardsonii
X
X I
Artemisia gnaphaloides
jl
X
Lathy rus ochroleucus
X
j
Agoseris glauca
X
X
X ,
Linum lewisii
X
J
Anemone canadensis
X
ii
II
Lupinus argenteus
X
X
X
Aster spp.
X
x |:
Monarda fistulosa
X
X
X
Campanulla rotundi folia
X
X
X j;
Oxytropis spp.
X
Comandra pallida
X
;[
Potentilla gracilis
X
X
X
Cirsium arvense
X
X
X
Sisyrinchium montanenesis
X
X
X
Erigeron canadensis
X
x
Saponaria vaccaria
X
Frag aria glauca
X
X
Penstemon nitidus
X
Gaillardia aristata
X
X
X !
Solidago missouriensis
X
X
Galium boreale
X
X
X
Taraxacum officinale
X
X
X
Geranium viscosissimum
X
X
X
Thallictrum venulosum
X
X
X
Geum triflorum
X
X
X
Thermposis rhombi folia
X
X
Hedysarum alipun var.
X
X
X
Vicia americana
X
X
americanum
Zizia aptera
X
X
Zygadenus elegans
X
X
X
43
6. WALDRON GRAZING CO-OP
HERBICIDE TRIAL
INTERIM REPORT
1980
The Waldron herbicide plots are located in the Waldron Grazing
co-operative's lease along the north side of Section 13-12-2-W5.
Data was collected as in past years:
1. Stem counts were taken of all shrub species and separated into four
categories: N (New), P (Partially affected), u (Unaffected), and D
(Dead).
2. Completed species list v/as compiled from each treatment plot.
Data gathered to date is presented for the current sampling year
(1980) and in the summary for all years collected.
N
Trail
1
2
3
4
5
6
Cleared
x x x x x— — x- — x x -x x— — x — -x x
Fig. 4. PLOT LAYOUT OF WALDRON HERBICIDE TRIALS. (0.1 acre plots)
45
Table 31
WALDRON HERBICIDE PLOTS
Treatment Plot No.
Tordon 10K pellets at 20 pounds per acre 5
Tordon 10K pellets at 35 pounds per acre 2
Tordon 101 at 100 ounces per acre 3, 6
Brushkill at 100 ounces per acre 1,4
46
WALDRON HERBICIDE PLOTS - Stem Count Summary
1978-80
O
-CT
1
1
1
N LA CM
1 1
LA
1
1
1
LA
1 —
0
1
1
1
OO
1
l
1
CM
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Q_
on
or
1
1
l
l
NO
1
1
LA 1
CM
1
1
-3-
1 1
1
1
1
1
a-
CO
1
1
1
1
-3-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
’
1
00
CM
1
1
1
-3-
1
NO
-3- 1
1
,
1
LA
1 1
1
1
1
i-".
1
1
1
LA
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
0
O
co nO
a-
OO
NO
CM
-3- ON
5
6
CM
1
OO
O -3- -3-
1
CM
CO
00
CO
NO CM
1
CM
CM
co
1
■=)
c a
-3-
O
OO
l
co
CM
A- OO
CO O
A-~
1
1
1
-3-
r — .
,
1
1
a-
l
CM
1
1
1
CO
1
1
1
00
1
1
1
CM
A>
LA
■— 1
CO
1
1
OO OO
1
!
1
1
a-
l
1
1
ON
CM 1
1
CO
1
1
0
co _a-
-3-
CM
0
CO NO
3
6
5
a-
CM
LA
ON CM
ON
1
LA
CO
CM
co
1
1
CO
1
-z.
ON
a»
CNl
LA
CM
a^
LA -3-
ON 1
1
1
1
1
1
LA -3"
1
1
1
1
OO
CO 1
1
1
1
’
1
1
1
'
'
CO
-3-
-3
NO
-cr
ON
CO OO
CO LA
CM
-3-
1
CM
co l
CM
CM
1
1
a*
n£>
nO
CM
—
1
1
1
1
0
a^
OO
O
CO
-3
OO
a-
O -3-
O
O -3-
LA
CO ON A' CO
CM OO
CO
CNl
. —
CM
co
-3-
CM
CM
ia co
.
1 —
-3-
co
OO
CM
f
03
+J
on
O
CM
CO
CM
0
ON
CM
CM
A- O
cn
1
1
1
OO
NO LA CO
|
1
1
O
a^
LO
■ —
O
f—
LA
CM
CO -3" ■ —
|
1
1
-3-
CM
-3-
1
1
|
1-
CO
vO
NO
NO
-3"
LA
O
ON OO LA
LA -3-
OO
— OO
CO
CM
1
1
a»
nO
NO
CM
. —
NO
CM
CM
, —
CO
, —
1
1
—
r—
CM
<u
<u
a
L_
a
1_
co
•a
CO
O
•a
CO
0
CO
CO
3
CO
V-N
3
CD
a
3
03
co
3
CD
O
a
a
a
QrQS
a
,a ra
Lfl
<S)
"a
CO
■3
a
•a
*3
*3
a
-Q
•a
•a
a
-Q
•a
•a
a
3
0
g
O
g
co
■ —
a
g
1 —
a
g
Ss
a
0
co
. —
ta
CO 3
V~-N
t-N
co
ta
a>
co
a
3
■ —
3
3
<3
. —
3
a
3 co
O
3
a
3
LA
3
a
3
A
a
£
a
•—
£
a a
CM
£
a^
£
a's
a
c=
03
Js
CD
a
a a
1
a
$s
Sh
1
a
Ss
Sn
•a
a
O
Sh
a
•
_C
a
a *3
a
a
a
g
a
a
a
a*a
X
•
<0
*3
to
-3
•
•3
cd a
O
-a
•
•a
a
0
-a
• *a
a
g
a &
1_
Cl,
,*3 rg
a.
=3
a,rg
•3 -a
. —
ag
•a
1 —
a*g
•a
a
co
-a
O
CO
a Ss
a
co
L_
CO
a, a
a co
CO
a
a
Sh
co
a a
Sh
a
CO
1-
3
co
O
g
CO
3
co
g
a
C
3
co
g
a
£=
3
CO g
a
co
rg
«
co
a
rg a
O
t-a
a
<g
O
A>
a
rg
co
3
co
3
a
Cl,^
3
3
a a*
a 3
-O
3
a
AL
a xi
3
a a
a
3
3
3
Cl, co
£
CD 3D
a, co
a
£ ra
L_
a co
a
£
a co a
£ rO
3 r-a
0
3i S
3
a
a
£
3} 3
O
a
a
£
35
O
a
a £
3i
3
a
3
CL,
CO
a,
co ct;
h-
a
a
Co
1-
CL ft; ^
co
Qq
a
05
47
NOTE: Abbreviations used: N = New, P = Partially affected, U = Unaffected.
Table 33
WALDRON GRAZING CO-OP
Stem Count Data-1930
*—
Tordon 101 - 100 oz/acre
1
Plot
3
Plot 6
I
Spec i es
Total
N
U
P
Tota 1
N
u
P
Populus tremuloides
27
3
10
14
86
6
46
34
Rosa spp.
18
4
13
1
403
69
328
6
Potentilla fruticosa
2
--
2
--
Symphori carpus albus
220
24
196
--
3
--
2
1
Amelanchier alnifolia
3
2
1
--
3
--
3
--
Rubus strigosus
34
30
4
. . . |
Brushkill - 100 oz/acre
Plot
1
i
P 1 ot
4
Spec i es
Tota 1
N
U
p
, Total
N
U
P
Populus tremuloides
48
3
18
27
196
9
15
172
Rosa spp.
27
6
16
5 !
53
29
24
--
Amelanchier alnifolia
'll
3
12
12
10
4
2
4
Symphori carpus albus
70
6
64
--
74
15
59
--
Rubus strigosus
34
5
29
Tordon 10K - 20 Ibs/acre
Plot
5a
Plot
2b
Spec i es
Total
N
U
P
Total
N
u
P
Populus tremuloides
10
--
5
5
43
28
15
Rosa spp.
10
4
6
—
39
19
20
--
Amelanchier alnifolia
4
2
2
--
7
2
4
1
Symphoricarpus albus
15
15
—
--
83
39
34
10
Rubus parviflorus
1
1
--
--
Prunus spp.
--
--
__
--
2
2
--
Rubus strigosus
8
5
3
“ “
NOTE: Abbreviat
ions used
: N
= New,
U = Unaffected,
P =
Partial
iy
affected .
Plot 5 " 20 lbs/acre
Plot 2-35 lbs/acre
48
Table 34
WALDRON GRAZING CO-OP
Total Stem Count Data
1977-80
Spec i es
191!
1978
1979
1980
Brushk i 1 1
P 1 ot
Plot
Plot
Plot
Plot
Plot
Plot
Plot
100 oz/acre
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
Amelanohier alnifolia
1 10
82
25
10
32
16
27
10
Potentilla fruticosa
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Populus tremuloides
189
418
234
482
59
201
48
196
Prunus spp.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Rosa spp.
24
110
12
1 1
22
26
27
53
Rubus strigosus
19
0
8
0
10
0
34
0
Symphori carpus aibus
110
119
20
17
47
72
70
74
Spec i es
1977
1978
1979
1980
Tordon 101
Plot
Plot
Plot
Plot
Plot
Plot
Plot
P 1 ot
100 oz/acre
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
6
Amelanohier alnifolia
3
43
1
0
2
0
3
3
Potentilla fruticosa
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Populus tremuloides
288
346
317
322
50
78
27
86
Prunus spp.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Rosa spp.
50
308
19
238
12
187
18
403
Rubus strigosus
10
0
14
0
10
0
34
0
Symphori carpus aibus
217
0
29
10
103
1
220
3
Spec i es
1977
1978
1979
1980
Tordon 10K
Plot
P 1 ot.
Plot
Plot,
Plot
P lot.
Plot
Plot,
Pe 1 lets
2 3
5 b
2 a
5 b
2 3
5 b
2 3
5 b
Amelanohier alnifolia
16
89
12
1
5
0
4
7
Potentilla fruticosa
0
1 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
Populus tremuloides
178
218
241
294
48
19
10
43
Prunus spp.
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
2
Rosa spp.
83
216
18
41
26
0
10
39
Rubus strigosus
34
0
2
0
0
0
0
9
Symphoricarpus aibus
59
2
3
19
43
2
15
83
Plot 2-35 lbs/acre.
Plot 5-20 lbs/acre
49
6.1 Observations
Beginning in 1979, closer attention was again paid to the
vegetative response to treatment, and in particular, more care was given
to collecting the species list for 1980.
1. Tordon 101 -- The dominant grasses are CalamagAoAtlA Au.beAce.nA,
BAomuA pumpelllanuA and Vkleum pAatenAe • Forbs present are Eplloblum
anguAtlfiollum, GeAanlum vlAcoAAlAAtmum , ClAAlum aAvenAe, A AteA App .,
F AagaAla glauca, Achillea millefolium, LuplnuA aAgenteuA and Galium
boAeale . The ratio of grass to forbs was 4:1. In 1980, there was a
marked increase in new growth for RubuA App . and SympkoAlcaApuA.
2. Brushkill -- There are quite a variety of grass species present.
The most common ones are Vkleum pAatenAe, CaAex App . and CalamagAoAtlA
AubeAcenA. Many forbs are also present. The dominant species are
Velpklnlum glaucum, ClAAlum aAvenAe, A AteA App. and Eplloblum anguAti folium.
There was an equal proportion of grass and forbs. Many PopuluA tAemuloldeA
were unaffected. SympkoAlcaApuA appears to be increasing after
treatment. The greatest increase in new growth was 1979. RubuA App, also
seems to be increasing.
3. Tordon 10K (20 lb. /a.) — Nearly 100 per cent grass is present on
both plots. Dominant species are Vkleum pAatenAe, CalamagAoAtlA
RubeAcenA and AgAoAtlA AcabAa. The few forbs that are present are
GeAanlum vlAcoAlAAlmum, Allium textile and Eplloblum anguAti^ollum .
SijmpkoAlcaApuA is starting to return.
50
4. Tordon 1 OK (35 lb. /a.) — The dominant grass is Cal<ma.gno6tL6
mb£6czn6 . The dominant forbs are EpZloblam anguAtlfioJUum and Luplmi 6
cuig<LWtm6. The ratio of grass to forbs is 9:1. Those Populu6
frimuloid&A that were not affected by treatment were 14 feet high and
approximately 1.5 " DBH. New growth is abundant for SympkotUcaApu 6 6pp.
and Ro6cl 6pp. in 1980. Rubu6 6pp. are also beginning to come back in.
It appears that the Tordon formulations have the greatest effect
as a brush control agent. Though forbs are drastically reduced, they are
not totally eliminated.
SympkosUcaApu6 6pp. appears to be initially controlled by all
treatments, but, in the following years, new growth is profuse. Ro6ol 6pp.
are also coming back two to three years after treatment.
All information given forms an interim report based on data
collected to 1980. These plots will continue to be monitored; therefore,
no conclusions will be formulated at this time.
51
WALDRON HERBICIDE PLOTS - Species List 1977 - 1 980
<D
s_
U
<T3
10
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LT\
cr\
II
CM
O
CL.
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L_
o
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i o
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O
CM
LP\
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o
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52
Table 36
WALDRON HERBICIDE PLOTS
Species List
Plots 3
s 6
i
!
Grasses
Tordon 101
100 oz/acre
77 78 79 80
Grasses
Tordon 101
101 oz/acre
77 78 79 80j
Agropyron intermedia
X
Carex spp.
\
Xj
sub secundum
X
X
X
Elymus canadensis
X
Xj
Agrostis scabra
X
X
Festuca scabrella
X
X
Bromus eiliatus
X
Phleum pratense
X
X
X
X
inermis
X
X
Poa spp.
X
X
X
pumpillianus
X
Stipa spartea
X
X'
; Calamagrostis montanensis
X
X
X
viridula
X'
rubeseens
!
X
'
Shrubs
1
77
78
79
80
Shrubs
77
78
79
80‘
} Amelanchier alni folia
X
X
Rosa spp.
X
X
X
xj
' Aretostaphylos uva-ursi
X
Rubus pubescens
X
| Potentilla fruticosa
X
strigosus
X
X
X
! Populus tremuloides
X
X
X
X
Symphoricarpos occiden-
X
X
X
X
1
!
talis
Forbs
i __ _ .. ....
77
78
79
80
Forbs
77
78
79
80
! Anemone multi fida
X
Eeracleum lanatum
X
j Achillea millefolium
X
X
X
Lappula echinata
X
Antennaria anaphaloides
X
Lathy rus ochroleucus
X
X
X
Agoseris glauca
X
X
Lupinus argenteus
X
X
X
Arabis drummondii
X
Monarda fistulosa
X
X
Artemisia gnaphalodes
X
X
Oxytropis macounii
X
Aster spp.
X
X
X
X
Oxytropis gracilis
X
Campanulla rotundifolia
X
Potentilla gracilis
X
Castillega miniata
X
X
Penstemon albidus
X
Cirsium arvense
X
X
Smilacina stellata
X
X
X
Delphinium glauca
X
Solidago missourienses
X
Epilobium angusti folium
X
X
X
Taraxacum officinale
X
X
Frag aria glauca
X
X
X
Thalictrum venulosum
X
X
X
Gallium boreale
X
X
X
X
Tragopogan dubius
X
Geranium richardsonii
X
Vicia americana
X
X
X
Geranium viscosissimum
X
X
X
X
Zygadenus elegans
X
X
X
Hedysarum alpinum var.
X
X
X
americanum
53
Table 37
WALDRON HERBICIDE PLOTS
Species List
Plots 1
& 4
Grasses
Brushk i 1 1
100 oz/acre
77 78 79
80
Grasses
B rushk i 1 1
100 oz/acre
77 78 79 8oj
< Agropyron dasystachyum
X
Calamagrostis canadensis
X
X
1
i
' smithii
X
X
rubescens
X
X
x|
' sub secundum
X
X
montanensis
X
' Agrostis scabra
X
X
X
Car ex spp.
X
! Bromus ciliatus
X
Elymus canadensis
X
X
inermis
X
X
Festuca scabrella
X
■ marginatus
X
Phleum pratense
X
X
X
X
• pumpellianus
X
Poa spp.
X
? tectorum
X
Stipa spartea
X
viridula
X
• Shrubs
77
78
79
80
Shrubs
77
78
79
80
; Amelanchier alni folia
X
X
X
X
Rubus strigosus
X
X
i Populus tremuloides
X
X
X
X
Symphoricarpos occiden-
X
X
X
X
• Rosa spp.
X
X
X
X
talis
Forbs
77
78
79
80
Forbs
77
78
79
80
« Achillea millefolium
X
X
Lathy rus ochroleucus
X
X
'■ Allium cernuum
X
Lomatium macro carpum
X
• Agoseris glauca
X
Lupinus argenteus
X
' Antennaria anaphaloides
X
Monarda fistulosa
X
X
\ Aster spp.
X
X
X
Perideridia gardneri
X
» Cirsium arvense
X
X
X
Potentilla gracilis
X
X
; Delphinium glauca
X
X
X
Sium suave
X
| Epilobium augusti folium
X
X
X
X
Smilacina stellata
X
X
X
X
! Erysimum cheiranthoides
X
Taraxacum officinale
X
X
S Fragaria glauca
X
X
Thlispi arvense
X
i Galium boreale
X
X
X
X
Thallictrum venuldsum
X
X
X
X
• Geranium richardsonii
X
Tragopogan dubius
X
* Geranium viscosissimum
X
X
X
X
Trollius albiflorus
X
' Hedy s arum alpinum var.
X
Vicia americana
X
1 americanum
Viola rugulosa
X
j Heracleum lanatum
X
X
X
X
Zygadenus elegans
X
54
ENR Number: T/34
International Standard Book Number: 0-86499-057-X
1982
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