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PATRONYMICA   BPJTANNICA. 


"  A  pain  fall  work  it  is,  and  more  than  difficult,  wherein  what  toyle  hath 
been  taken,  as  no  man  thinkefch,  so  no  man  believeth,  but  he  that  hath  made 
the  trialL'' — Anthony  a  Wood. 

"To  reduce  Surnames  to  a  Method  is  matter  for  a  Ramist,  who  should 
haply  find  it  to  be  a  Typocosmy.'' — Camden's  Memaincs. 

"  This  is  a  subject  which  involTes  many  curious  questions  of  antiquarian 
interest,  beaidng  ujMDn  the  language,  habits,  and  porsuits  of  our  countrymen  in 
bygone  days.  It  is  one,  also,  that  immediately  concerns  every  man  icJio  feels  ati 
Jionest  jn'Ule  m  being  caUcd  iy  hhfatiiei-'s  name." — JS'etes  and  Queries,  vi.  201. 


r  P  0  B 1-  It' /  -  ^.  -  ^yc- 


T.ON  noS  : 

JO  HIS     RUSSKLl.     SMITH, 

;3G,  SOilO  SQUAIU':. 

j.KVVES  :    c.    r.    r..VC(>N". 

MUCCCL.V. 


JGiti;;  L:V:J'-' ■:iM^-'.-'..fei';4;iil:ii;.^;l/^.  .A.ll^i'n    'J'x  il'''-i^n;-i':>>,Sy!^r'p'^^-  ""LX  ''■''! 


TO    THE 


M»BLK,     GENTl,K,    AND    OTIIK  U 


ubscribers 


T(i    Tin: 


PATROiSYMTCA    EEITANlSnCA  ; 


AM)    TO    TIIK   Xl'MEKOL'S 


Correspontients 


AVIIO  HAVE   AIDED  MK   WITH   T1IEIU  C05[Mr>'ICATI0yS, 


1   NOW  COMMEND  MV  LABOURS. 


i\r.  A.   [,. 


LEWES, 


Oc/oUr  L  IsfiO. 


f  PC  a-Lfc  ] 


PRELIMINARY  DISSERTATION. 


I. 


2rtjc  ©rigin  autr  progress  of  Surname  iLitcrature. 


HE  illustrious  Camden,  "  Nourice  of  Antiqiiitie,"  has  been  happily 
termed  the  common  fire  Tvliereat  all  after-coming  British  antiquai-ies 
"have  kindled  their  little  torches."  The  Britannia,  one  of  the  finest 
literary  projects  ever  carried  into  execution,  is  the  basis  of  all 
British  topography,  and  needs  no  commendation ;  but  there  is  another  of  his  -works 
•which,  though  trivial  in  bulk,  and  held  in  much  less  consideration  than  the  "  Choro- 
graphical  Description,"  Is  of  greater  positive  value,  as  containing  the  germ  of  all 
modern  antiquarianism.  I  allude  to  the  "  Remaines  concerning  Britainr  This  com- 
paratively small  volume  consists  of  some  fourteen  essays  on  various  branches  of 
archseology,  which  are  not  only  highly  curious  and  original  in  themselves,  but  most 
sucrgestive  of  more  elaborate  enquiries  and  illustrations ;  in  fact  each  essay  is  a  brief 
upon -which  large  pleadings  maybe  based — the  foundation  whereon  a  spacious  structure 
may  be  reared.  For  example,  the  essay  on  "  Money  "  is  the  first  attempt  that  -was 
made  to  illustrate  the  coinage  of  these  realms,  long  before  such  a  science  as  numismatics 
-was  dreamed  of  Again,  the  dissertation  on  "  Apparell "  is  the  groundwork  of  sub- 
sequent treatises  on  British  costume.  The  chapter  on  "Languages"  is  a  curious 
piece  of  philology ;  and  the  rest  all  serve  more  or  less  as  themes  upon  which  many 
volumes  have  since  been  written.  One  of  the  best  of  these  prolusions  is  that  on 
"Surnames,"  extending  in  the  'sixth  impression,'  1657,  to  more  than  fifty  pages.  It 
sho-ws  great  and  original  research,  and  it  has  been  extensively  made  use  of  by  all  sub- 
sequent writers  on  the  subject.  The  great  antiquary,  after  a  sketch  of  the  history  of 
second  or  swr-names  in  different  ages  and  countries,  ti-aces  the  first  appearance  of 
settled  family  names  in  England  about  the  time  of  the  iJ^orman  Conquest.  He  next 
treats  of  Local  names  in  the  two  classes  of  which  they  consist ;  namely,  first,  those 
which  are  derived  from  the  names  of  specific  localities,  towns,  villages,  manors,  Src  ; 
and,  secondly,  those  which  allude  to  the  situation  of  the  residences  of  the  original 
bearers,  such  as  Field,  ClilTe,  Wood,  &c.  Then  follow  remarks  on  surnames  derived 
from  Occupations  and  Professions ;  from  Offices  and  Functions,  civil  and  ecclesiastical ; 


iv  CAMDEN.     VERSTEGAN. 

from  "Qualities  of  tlie  Minde;"  from  "  Habitudes  of  Body  ;"  from  Ages  and  Times ; 
from  the  Weapons  of  War  borne  by  the  first  of  the  name  ;  from  Parts  of  the  Body ; 
from  Costume ;  from  the  Colours  of  complexion  and  clothing  ;  from  Flowers  and 
Fruits  ;  from  Animals,  whether  Beasts,  Bii'ds,  or  Fislies ;  from  Christian  Names ;  from 
Nicknames  or  '  Nursenames ;'  from  By-names  (sobriquets)  ;  and  from  Signs  of  Houses. 
All  these  are  illustrated  by  examples  and  curious  anecdotes  ;  and  the  dissertation  is 
wound  up  with  remarks  on  Changed  and  Corrupted  surnames,  Latinizations  of  sur- 
names in  ancient  charters,  and  references  to  analogies  in  classical  nomenclature.  As  a 
whole,  there  are  few  essays  of  the  period  more  readable  or  instructive  than  this  of 
Camden  on  Surnames. 

The  next  illustrator  of  the  subject  is  Verstegan,  who,  in  his  Bestitution  of  Decayed 
Intelligence  in  Antiquities  concerning  our  Nation,  published  in  1605,  devotes  a  Chapter 
to  the  enquiry  "  How  by  the  Surnames  of  the  families  in  England,  it  may  be  discerned 
from  whence  they  take  their  Originals,  to  wit,  whether  from  the  ancient  English  Saxons, 
or  from  the  Danes  and  Normans."  This  Chapter  is  mostly  based  upon  Camden,  and 
has  little  value,  either  historical  or  philological.  A  few  of  his  definitions  will  suffi- 
ciently demonstrate  this : — 

"  Bolt,  of  the  straightness  of  his  body. 
"  Cole,  of  his  blackness. 

"  DoD,  of  that  thing  anciently  so  called  which  groweth  In  the  sides  of  waters 
among  flags,  and  is  of  boys  called  a  fox-tail. 
"  GowER,  of  a  certain  kind  of  cake. 
"  Rows,  of  his  making  a  noise  ! 
"  RussEL,  of  his  fatness. 
"  SroNE,  of  some  cause  concerning  it! 
"  YoNG,  of  his  fewness  of  years." 

After  Verstegan,  I  am  not  aware  of  any  British  writer  who  undertook  to  illustrate 
this  curious  subject,  except  in  the  most  desultory  manner,  until  a  comparatively 
recent  date.  N.  Bailey,  in  his  English  Dictionary,  gives  definitions  of  many  sur- 
names, and  there  are  detached  articles  in  many  of  the  Magazines  of  the  last  century. 
The  best  of  these  are  the  Essays  which  appeared  in  the  Gentleman  s  Magazine  for 
1772.  These  were  written  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Pegge,  F.S.A.,  under  the  pseudonym  of 
T.  Row.  Some  time  in  tlie  last  century  was  printed  Buchanan  On  Ancient  Scottish 
Surnames  (re-printed  1820):  but  the  title  misleads,  as  the  subject  of  the  book  is  the 
history  of  some  Scottish  clans.  In  1804  the  Rev.  Mark  Noble,  F.S.A.,  published 
A  History  of  the  College  of  Arms,  in  the  preliminary  dissertation  of  which,  there  are 
some  good  incidental  remarks  on  family  names. 

In  Archaologia,  vol.  XVIII.  pp.  105,  111,  James  H.  Marklai  d,  Esq.,  D.C.L., 
F.S.A.,  printed  a  valuable  paper,  entitled  "  Remarks  on  the  Antiquity  and  Introduc- 
tion of  Surnames  into  England."     This  appeared  in  1813. 

In  1822,  Ml*.  J.  H.  Brady  published  a  small  duodecimo  volume  called  A  Disserta- 
tion on  the  Names  of  Pei-sons,  which,  auiong  much  amusing,  though  irrelevant  matter, 
contains  several  ingenious  remarks  on  English  sm-names  ;  and  the  Rev.  Edward 
Duke's  Halle  of  John  Halle,  furnishes  some  illustrations  of  the  subject. 

Such  were  the  materials  at  the  command  of  the  student  of  our  family  nomenclature 
when,  about  the  year  1836,  my  attention  was  first  directed  to  its  Investigation,  though 
at  that  time  my  residence  in  a  village,  remote  from  libraries,  rendered  these  materials 
all  to  me  as  if  they  had  not  existed ;  and,  indeed,  my  own  researches  were  conducted 
in  total  ignorance  of  there  having  been  any  labourer  in  this  field  before  me. 

Some  years  before  that.  In  my  early  boyhood,  I  had  accidentally  met  with  Home 
Tooke's  Divei'sions    of  Purley.      Attracted  by  the  title,   which  seemed  to  promise 


RECENT  WRITEKS,  v 

some  stories  of  "  fun  and  frolic,"  I  opened  the  boolc,  read,  and  was  arrested  by  the 
wonderful  genius  of  the  author,  though  there  was  much  upon  his  pages  that 
transcended  my  boyish  range  of  thought.  That  book,  then,  directed  my  mind — 
ahva3's  desirous  causus  rerum  cogiwscere — into  a  channel  of  investigation,  which  while 
it  has  entailed  upon  me  no  small  amount  of  toil,  has  also  been  the  consolation  of  a  too 
anxious  and  too  laborious  existence. 

The  result  of  my  desultory  studies  of  Surnames  first  appeared  in  the  columns  of  a 
provincial  newspaper — the  Sussex  Express — at  irregular  intervals  during  the  year 
1838.  In  the  following  year  these  scraps  were  published  in  a  pamphlet  of  68  pages, 
bearing  the  title  of  "  The  Boole  of  English  Surnames,  being  a  short  Essay  on  their 
Origin  and  Signification."  The  impression,  like  the  book  itself,  was  very  small,  but 
some  copies  of  it  having  fallen  into  the  hands  of  gentlemen  interested  in  the  subject, 
I  was  encoui'aged  to  enlarge  my  plan.  Accordingly  in  1842,  I  published  "English 
Surnames,  Essays  on  Family  Nomenclature,  Historical,  Etymological,  and  Humorous," 
London,  post  8vo.  pp.  240.  Of  this  a  considerable  edition  was  sold  in  about  nine 
months  ;  and  in  1 843  a  second  and  enlarged  edition  (pp.  292)  appeared.  This  was 
followed  in  1849,  by  a  third  and  still  augmented  edition  in  two  volumes  post  octavo, 
(pp.  xxiv.  and  264,  and  pp.  vi.  and  244),  my  last  publication  on  the  subject. 

Encouraged  by  such  a  measure  of  success,  I  began  to  make  notes  for  the  present 
work,  feeling  persuaded  that  I  had  not  over-estimated  the  interest  of  the  subject  as  a 
curious,  but  as  yet  an  imperfectly  developed  branch  of  archaeology  and  philology.  In 
this  design  I  was  urged  on  by  numerous  communications  from  almost  every  part  of  the 
world  where  the  English  language  is  spoken,  and  where  British  Surnames  ai-e  borne. 
Hundreds,  nay,  thousands,  of  letters,  a  few  conveying — but  the  great  majority 
seeking — information  as  to  the  names  of  the  writers,  reached  me,  and  the  process  is 
still  going  on.  So  much,  at  present,  for  the  procurino-  causes  of  the  Patronymica 
Britannica. 

I  shall  now  give  a  brief  account  of  the  various  contributions  to  this  department  of 
English  literature  since  my  earliest  treatise  on  the  subject,  whether  as  independent 
works  or  as  communications  to  periodical  publications. 

Mr.  John,  now  Dr.,  O'Donovan,  whose  antiquarian  learning  requires  no  commend- 
ation from  me,  printed  in  the  "Irish  Penny  Journal  "  (Dublin,  1841),  a  series  of  six 
able  articles  on  the  Origin  and  Meaning  of  Irish  Family  Names.  Of  his  labours  I 
have  freely  availed  myself. 

In  1842,  the  Rev.  C.  W.  Bradley,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Connecticut, 
published  a  small  brochure  entitled  "  Patronomatology,  an  Essay  on  the  Philosophy 
of  Surnames."  8vo.  Baltimore,  U.S.  To  the  author  of  this  essay,  Avhich  evinces 
considerable  abilitySnd  research,  I  owe  many  thanks. 

In  1846,  the  late  eminent  scholar,  John  M.  Kemble,  Esq.,  M.A.,  published  a  small 
pamphlet  on  the  Names,  Surnames  and  Nicknames  of  the  Anglo-Saxons ;  but  this,  re- 
lating as  it  does  to  a  period  antecedent  to  the  adoption  of  hereditary  or  family  names, 
possesses  little  in  common  with  my  specific  object. 

The  Edinburgh  Review  for  April,  1855,  contains  a  considerable  article  on  English 
Surnames.  The  classification  adopted  is  :  "  1st.  Norman  names  dating  from  the 
Conquest.  2nd.  Local  English  Names.  3rd.  Names  of  Occupation.  4th.  Deriva- 
tives from  the  Christian  Names  of  fiither  or  mother.  5th.  Names  given  on  account  of 
personal  peculiarities.  6th.  Names  derived  from  the  animal,  mineral,  and  vegetable 
kingdoms.     7th.  Names  derived  from   the  Celestial  Hierarchy.      8th.  Irish,   Scotch, 


vl  DIXON.     BOWDITCH. 

French,  Flemish,  Dutch,  German,  Spanish  and  othei*  continental  names,  mainly  i 
ported  within  the  last  two  centuries."  Of  the  able  and  scholarly  writer  of  this  article 
I  have  to  complain  that,  although  he  has  based  his  remarks  chiefly  upon  my  "English 
Surnames,"  the  title  of  which  he  has  adopted,  and  although  he  would  not  apparently 
have  written  his  essay  without  the  assistance  of  my  previous  researches,  he  has  biit 
slightly  acknowledged  me,  and  has  mis-spelt  my  name  on  each  occasion  of  its  being 
mentioned,  though  he  has  paraded  at  the  head  of  his  article  the  titles  of  a  French  and 
a  German  publication,*  both  of  which,  though  excellent  in  their  kind,  touch  but  inci- 
dentally, and  then  not  always  correctly,  upon  the  subject  of  English  family  names !  I 
trust  that  there  are  not  many  public  critics  in  our  land  to  whom  the  insidentes  Immeris 
noil  sine  super cilio  would  so  justly  apply  as  to  this  Edinburgh  Reviewer.f 

The  first  attempt  at  a  Dictiona7-y  of  Surnames,  at  least  in  our  language,  that  T  have 
seen,  is  that  by  B.  H.  Dixon,  Esq.,  K.N.L.,  formerly  of  Boston  in  the  United  States, 
now  of  Toronto  in  Canada.  It  was  first  privately  printed  at  Boston  in  1855  ;  8vo.  pp. 
xviii.  80.  This  was  suppressed  by  the  author,  who  issued  a  second  edition  in  1857;  8vo. 
xxvi.  86.  The  work  illustrates  a  few  hundreds  only  of  surnames,  many  of  which  are 
German,  Dutch,  French,  &c.  The  Introduction  is  very  interesting  and  amusing,  and 
has  afforded  me  some  assistance. 

In  1857  also  appeared  at  Boston,  a  work  entitled  Suffolk  Surnames^X  ^^J  N-  J-  Bow- 
ditch,  Esq.,  8vo.  pp.  108.  This  was  followed  in  1858  by  a  greatly  enlarged  edition — a 
handsome  octavo  of  -384  pages.  Mr.  Bowditch  has  arranged,  in  a  most  humorous  and 
amusing  manner,  such  names  as  had  occurred  to  his  professional  notice  as  a  con- 
veyancer, in  deeds,  &c.,  as  well  as  those  which  he  had  met  with  in  various  directories, 
subscription-lists,  and  similar  collections  of  names.  He  observes  that  his  A'olume  might 
bear  the  title  of  "  Directories  Digested ;  or  the  Romance  of  the  Registry." 

I  am  sure  that  my  reader  will  excuse,  while  the  author  will  pardon,  n:}^  making 
a  few  extracts  from  this  singular  and  entertaining  melange  of  Surnames.  It  is  right 
to  bear  in  mind  that  the  author  has  "  sometimes  regarded  their  apparent,  rather  than 
their  actual,  derivations  and  original  meanings."  Mr.  Bowditch  acknowledges  the 
assistance  he  received  from  the  article  in  the  Edinhurgli  Review  above  mentioned,  and 
from  Mr. Dixon's  publication,  as  well  as  from  what  he  is  pleased  to  call  my  "elaborate 
essay."  He  adds  ;  "  Had  I  seen  these  publications  at  an  earlier  period,  the  great  extent 
of  the  subject  would  have  deterred  me  altogether."  I  am  sure  that  many,  in  common 
with  myself,  Avill  feel  glad  that  Mr.  Bowditch's  reading  in  this  direction  was  originally 
thus  limited. 

I  shall  make,  quite  at  random,  an  inroad  into  Sir.  Bowditch's  pleasant  pages,  as 
the  very  best  method  that  I  could  adopt  of  exhibiting  the  vast  and  odd  variety  of 
family  nomenclature.  At  the  same  time  I  must  remind  the  reader,  that  many  of  the 
names  borne  on  the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic  are  from  sources  unconnected  with 
England,  Scotland,  Wales,  and  Ireland,  to  which  the  present  volume  is  devoted.  The 
American  nation  comprises  the  greatest  admixture  of  races  yet  experienced  in  the 
history  of  the  world;  and  family  names  of  every  imaginable  origin  are,  therefore, 
to  be  found  in  that  country.     I  cannot  perhaps  more  forcibly  illustrate  this,  than  by 

«  Essai  Historique  et  Philosopliique  siu-  les  Noms  d'Hommes,  de  Peuples,  et  de  Lieux.  Par  Eusebe  Salvorte. 
2  vols.  Svo.  Paris,  1S24. 

Die  Personennamen  insbesondere  die  Familiennamen  luid  ibre  Entstclmngsarten  audi  iintcr  Beriiclcsich- 
tigiuig  der  Ortsnainen.    Von  August  Friedrich  Pott.    Leipzig,  1S53. 

t  The  Quarterly  Review,  for  April,  1860,  lias  treated  ray  labours  inucli  more  handsomely. 

X  Suffolk  County  consists  of  the  city  of  Boston,  and  its  suburb,  Chelsea. 


SURNAMES  IN  AMERICA.  vii 

giving  the  following  singular  list  of  names  of  tln*ee  letters,  as  extracted  from  the  New 
York  Directory.    It  will  be  seen  that  very  few  of  them  are  English  : 


Abt 

Ast 

Ber 

Daw 

Etz 

Kab 

Mas 

Nix 

Rad 

See 

Utz 

Ach 

Atz 

Bli 

Dax 

Erb 

Kas 

]\Iax 

Olt 

Rau 

Sim 

Vey 

Adt 

Aug 

Boe 

Dod 

Eric 

Kip 

Mon 

Ort 

Ree 

Syz 

Voy 

Aey 

Aul 

Boh 

Don 

Ery 

Kos 

Naf 

Ott 

Rek 

Uch 

Wex 

Ahl 

Aur 

Bom 

Dun 

Igo 

Leu 

Nam 

Otz 

Roh 

Ulm 

Wey 

Ahm 

Bal 

Bos 

Ege 

Ihl 

Loy 

Nee 

Pia 

Rue 

Unz 

Wie 

Alt 

Bek 

Bow 

EIz 

Ing 

Lus 

Neu 

Pim 

Sam 

Ure 

Yhn 

All 

Bern 

Bub 

Epp 

Jex 

Luz 

Ney 

Qua 

Sax 

Utt 

Yoe 

Bowditch.  p.  10. 

"  Mr.  Augur  has  a  case  now  pending,  which  his  opponent  doubtless  feels  to  be  a 
bore :  he  is  of  an  old  family.  A  Mr.  Augur  appears  in  1658 ;  and  Mr.  Augurs  received 
the  notice  of  our  forefathers  in  1671.  Both  Sibel  and  Sibell  are  found  in  New  York. 
Mr.  Soldem  has  ventured  to  bring  a  suit.  Our  Messrs.  Parson,  Parsons,  Shriever, 
Friar,  Friary,  Priest,  Divine,  Deacon,  Creed,  Quaker,  Church,  Pray,  and  Revere,  are 
probably  not  more  pious  than  our  Mr.  Pagan  or  Mr.  Turk.  Both  Mr.  Churchman 
and  Mr.  Mussalman  live  in  New  York ;  also  IMessrs.  Bigot,  Munk,  and  Nunns.  JMr. 
Rosery  lives  at  Lockport,  C.  W. ;  Dr.  Kirkbride  at  Philadelphia ;  also  Messrs.  Bigot, 
Bapst,  and  Musselman.  Mr.  Layman,  in  1857,  committed  a  murder  at  the  South,  and 
will  doubtless  be  hung  wnthout  benefit  of  clergy.  INIr.  Pi-aed,  one  of  England's  sweet- 
est i^oets,  has  by  no  means  confined  his  muse  to  sacred  themes.  Dr.  Verity  lives  at 
Haysville,  C.W.  An  English  clergyman,  the  Rev.  Arundel  Verity,  falsely  and  fraudu- 
lently converted  to  his  own  use,  funds  designed  for  conversion  of  the  heathen.  Mr, 
Newgate  (1651)  was  not  an  escaped  convict;  nor  does  it  appear  that  Mr.  Selman  (1674) 
was  a  slaveholder.  JMr.  Mothersell  lives  at  Kingston,  C.W.  No  clerical  associations 
surround  the  name  of  Rev.  William  Youngblood  of  New  York.  A  Dr.  Younjjblood 
lives  at  Sandwich,  C.W.  Pleasant  JNI.  INIask  of  Holly  Springs,  INIiss.,  treacherously 
murdered  a  young  lady  in  1857.  We  have  both  the  Bible  and  the  Coran  in  our  direc- 
tory. Mr.  Pastor  makes  casks  instead  of  converts,  and  can  operate  better  ujDon  hoops 
than  upon  heathens ;  but  though  our  Pastor  is  a  cooper,  our  Cooper  Avas  the  best  of 
pastors."— Pp.  23,  24. 

"We  have  Angel,  (what  a  misnomer  for  a  lawyer!  unless  derived  from  the  coin, 
when  it  becomes  appropriate) ;  Bogle,  a  spectre ;  Geist,  the  German  for  spirit ;  Soul, 
Fay,  and  Mabb ;  also  Warloch.  We  have  also  Engal  and  Engals,  from  the  German 
for  "angel."  Mr.  Puck  lives  in  New  York.  ]\Ir.  Wand,  of  that  citj^,  deals  in  sinrits. 
Our  ]Mr.  Paradise  did  not  venture  on  the  Eden  of  matrimony  without  making  a  mar- 
riage settlement,  duly  recorded  (L.653,  f.  284).  We  have  also  Soil  (Latin  for  sun); 
Mond  (German  for  moon);  Moon,  Moone,  Starr,  Starrs,  and  Star.  Mr.  Solis  jorefers 
the  genitive  case.  We  have  also  Cloud.  The  attorney-general  of  Iowa  is  named 
Cloud.  Mr.  Cloudman  lives  at  Levant.  I  find  but  one  Sky.  Sky,  indeed,  has  been 
extensively  used  up  in  ending  off  names  in  Poland!  Skey  lives  in  Philadelphia.  Else- 
where there  are  families  of  Heaven,  Devil,  and  Hell.  In  the  New  York  Directory 
there  are  ten  families  of  Hellman.  Mr.  Helhouse  was  an  English  author  in  1819. 
Among  the  gi-aduates  of  Yale,  are  three  named  Dibble.  Mr.  Dibble  lives  at  Brook- 
field,  Connecticut ;  jNIr.  Teufel  (German  for  devil)  at  Bridgeport ;  and  this  last  is  com- 
mon in  New  York.  Indeed,  our  name  of  Hell  is,  I  believe,  pronounced  as  if  spelt  with 
an  e.  And  we  have  Deuell,  Diehl,  Devlin,  and  Debell.  Himmel  (German  for  heacen) 
was  a  well-known  German  composer.     Eden  is  the  name  of  a  distinguished  Eno-lish 


viii  AMERICAN  NOMENCLATURE. 

family.  Both  Eden  and  Edenboini  are  found  in  Philadelphia.  *  *  *  The  heathen 
deities,  Odin,  Backus,  and  Mars,  dwell  with  us.  Bev.  Mr.  Mars  is  a  clergyman  at 
"Worcester.  The  goddess  Flora  keeps  house  in  Boston.  An  edition  of  Pallas's  Travels 
appeared  in  1812.  *  *  *  Mr.  Jupiter  lives  at  Waterlngbiu-y,  Conn. ;  Mr.  Jove  in 
New  York ;  Mr.  Soul  at  Lagrange.  Mr.  Plannet  is  found  in  our  directory,  and  sells 
beer !     Mr.  Planert  lives  in  New  York ;  Mr.  Comet  in  Montreal. 

"  Columbus  discovered  a  world ;  and  so  have  I.  Mr.  World  lives  at  Orilla,  C.  W." 
—Pp.  47,  48,  49. 

"  Nations  are  represented  by  Greek,  Gretlan,  Switzer,  Sabine,  Britton,  English, 
French,  Dutch,  German,  Hollander,  L-Ish,  Buss,  Dane,  Fleming,  Malay,  Norman,  Lom- 
bard, Scott,  Welsh,  Picard,  Finn,  Wallach,  Wallack,  Turk,  Amerigo,  &c.  Our  Thomas 
Gipsey  is,inname,  a  citizen  of  the  world.  There  was  an  English  author  named  Welchman 
in  1767.  Mr.  Hunn  was  a  clergyman  in  Hadley  in  1839.  Mr.  Neil  Etheopean  died  in 
1727.  John  Bohemlon  made  a  deed  In  L.IO,  f.  269.  George  Siriau  was  a  gunner  in 
our  navy  in  1849.  Mr.  Vandal  lives  at  St.  John's,  C.  E. ;  and  in  Philadelphia,  I  find 
families  of  Algler  and  Algiers. 

"  Countries  are  represented  by  Poland,  Gaul,  Spain,  Spane,  Flanders,  Holland, 
Hague,  Greenland,  Finland,  Brittain,  Scotland,  Savoy,  Wales,  Ireland,  Guernsey, 
Garnsey,  Lorain,  Virginia,  Maine,  Domingo,  Rhodes,  Bai-badoes.  Mr.  England  lately 
died  at  Newburyport.  In  L.  1 69,  Mr.  Canada  is  party  to  a  deed.  Mr.  Iceland  lives 
at  Sandhill,  C.W.  Mrs.  Norway  lives  at  Brewster,  IMass.  Greece  is  found  at  Chat- 
ham, C.  E.  Mr.  Brazil  lately  died  in  Suffolk  county.  Mr.  France  appears  in  our 
du-ectory  for  1857.  The  firm  of  Bates  and  France  failed  In  New  York  In  1857.  J\Ir. 
Illius  is,  perhaps,  of  Trojan  descent.  Mr.  Clime  and  Mr.  Countraman  of  New  York 
seem  to  have  no  fixed  residence.  Our  Mr.  Freehand's  name  is  but  an  alias  for  America. 
Mr.  Acie,  who  appears  in  our  colony  records  1677,  may  perhaps  claim  his  name  from 
another  continent."— Pp.  95,  96. 

"  Mr.  Hopper  was  a  well-known  American  philanthropist.  One  of  the  present 
judges  of  Maryland  (1 857)  bears  that  name.  Mr.  Budge  lives  at  Lee,  Me. ;  Mr.  Stubbs 
at  "^Vellfleet ;  INIr.  Shove  at  Uxbridge ;  Mv.  Toward  at  Augusta,  J\Ie. ;  and  Mr.  Presson 
at  Lynn.  Frederick  Jump  of  Ashland,  N.  Y.,  failed  in  1857.  Dr.  De  Camp  was  a 
graduate  of  Yale.  In  the  New  York  Dii-ectory  I  find  nmeteen  families  of  Quick  ;  also 
I\Ir.  R  usher,  IMr.  Racer,  Mr.  Start,  ]Mr.  Leap,  Mr.  Leaper,  Mr.  Stivers,  Mr.  Sprlngman, 
]Mr.  Spry,  ]\Ir.  Stalker,  J\Ir.  Stamper,  Mr.  Wran,  ]\Ir.  Went,  Mv.  Passmore,  Mr.  Hopp, 
]\rr.  Hopps,  ]Mr.  Jerker,  ]Mr.  Stramm,  Mr.  Walk,  IMr.  Wellstood,  Mr.  Ambleman,  ]Mr. 
Stanback,  Mr.  Slow,  :Mr.  Slowey,  I\Ir.  Hobbler,  Mr.  Fagg,  Mr.  Tag,  I\Ir.  Dally,  Mr. 
Tarry,  Mr.  Rest,  Mr.  Stops.  Mr.  Fiigit,  the  Kansas  murderer,  though  acquitted,  has 
been  obliged  to /It/  from  the  territory. 

"Mr.  Rushout  Is  a  British  M.P.,  and  that  name  is  found  in  Roxbury.  Mr. 
Climb  lives  at  Selby,  C.  W.  We  have  Climie.  Mr.  Clymer  is  a  graduate  of  Harvard. 
[He  will,  doubtless,  eventually  take  the  highest  degree.]  Mr.  Clymer  of  Philadelphia 
signed  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  Mr.  Creeper  lives  at  Hampton.  ]\Ir.  Diver 
was  witness  as  to  a  late  fire  in  North-Street :  and  that  name  Is  found  in  Plilladelphia ; 
as  are  also  Divin  and  Stemmei*.  Mrs.  Slider  appears  in  our  directory  for  1857,  and 
Francis  Flyer  In  our  Colony  Records,  1629.  Mr.  Flew  lives  in  Philadelphia;  and  IMr. 
Reising  lives  at  Elmeira,  C.  W. 

"Mr.  Puller  is  a  JNIember  of  Parliament.  Rev.  George  Tiigwell  published  a  work 
on  sea-anemones  In  London,  1857.  Wrlglcy'.s  Mathematical  Collections  appeared  In 
London  In  1845.     Sir  R.  B.  Crowder  Is  one  of  the  judges  of  the  English  court  of  Com- 


AMERICAN  NOMENCLATUKE.  ix 

mon  Pleas ;  and  in  Illinois  is  a  firm  of  Crowder  and  Co.  Mr.  Hanle  became  a  colonist 
here  in  1638,  as  did  Mr.  Twitchwell  in  1633,  and  Mr.  Lug  in  1647.  Mr.  Prest  was 
admitted  a  freeman  in  1643.  In  the  New  York  Directory  I  find  seven  families  of 
Stucke,  Mr,  Pulling,  and  Mr.  Pullman;  also  Mr.  Tugwell  and  JMr.  Tugwo^.  Mr. 
Tuggy  lives  at  Montreal." — Pp.  ?7,  78. 

"Mr.  Fabel  lives  at  Chatham,  C.  W. ;  and  in  Philadelphia  there  are  four  families 
of  Fable :  also  Messrs.  Muse  and  Paradee.  Mr.  Versey  lives  at  Canfield ;  Mr.  Pen- 
pliraise  at  Cobourg;  Mr.  Learn  atRidgeway;  Mr.  Lingo  at  Westport ;  Mr.  Spellin  at 
Toronto.  Mr.  Tuype,  of  that  city,  goes  for  printing:  Mr.  Nibbet  seems  to  prefer 
manuscript.  Both  Quire  and  Ream  are  found  in  Philadelphia,  and  furnish  writing 
materials.  In  that  city  I  find,  also,  a  Mr.  Wrighter,  nineteen  families  of  Righter,  and 
eight  families  of  Roat ;  also  eight  families  of  Book,  Mr.  Bookman,  Mr.  Spell,  Mr' 
Spellbink,  Mr.  Spellinbuch,  and  two  families  of  Word.  Quil  appears  in  the  Buffalo 
Directory  for  1855."— P.  185. 

As  I  am  dealing  (although  not  scientifically)  with  the  Surnames  of  the  great  Trans- 
atlantic nation — our  brothers  or  near  kinsmen  for  the  most  part — I  trust  that  I  shall 
not  be  deemed  guilty  of  impropriety  in  continuing  these  quotations  from  Mr.  Bowditch's 
really  cm-ious  volume,  to  an  extent  somewhat  out  of  proportion  to  the  other  notices 
which  I  am  givmg  of  surname  literature. 

For  they  shew,  better  than  any  original  observations  of  my  own  could  do,  the  vast 
variety  of  the  subject  which  I  have  undertaken  to  elucidate.  They  prove,  too,  the 
force  of  verbal  corruption  in  a  new  and  only  partially  established  nation,  in  which, 
until  of  late,  literature  has  been  comparatively  little  cviltivated.  Like  plants  translated 
to  a  new  soil,  the  family  names  of  the  old  world  are  modifying  themselves  in  their  new 
habitat  in  a  manner  unprecedented  in  the  history  of  language.  The  family  nomen- 
clature of  America  is  a  philological  cm-Iosity  and  phenomenon. 

"  Law,"  says  Mr.  Bowdltch,  "  has  furnished  many  names  of  families ;  as  Brass, 
(its  7'aw  material),  Wyles,  Law,  Laws,  Lawless,  Coad,  Court,  Leet,  Roll,  Record, 
Docket,  Case,  Traverse,  Levy,  Chancellor,  Mace,  Judge,  Justice,  Foreman,  Sherlfl', 
Sherlfis,  Constable,  Marshall,  Beadle,  Crier,  Sumner,  Warning,  Warner,  Warn,  Ses- 
sions, Dunn,  Dunham,  Dunning,  Jewett,  Sewall,  Fee,  Fines,  Bail,  Lien,  Search, 
Ferriter,  Nabb,  Ketchum!  ]\Ii-.  Getum  lives  at  Toronto,  C.W.  Mr.  Fetchum 
appears  in  the  Middlesex  Records  ....  I  do  not  add  Lyes  to  this  collection  ; 
though  it  is  justified  by  the  conundrum  :  '  Why  is  a  lawyer  like  a  person  who  cannot 
sleep  at  night  ?' — '  Because  he  first  lies  on  one  side,  and  then  he  lies  on  the  other.' 

Messrs.  Doe  and  Roe  are  not  fictitious  personages.     J\Ir.  Warrant,   Mr 

Argue,  and  Mr.  Countsell,  all  live  in  New  York ;  as  does  Mr.  Wrltmlre — a  most 
suggestive  name.  J.  G.  Fee,  of  Madison,  Ky.,  is  a  clergyman,  having  apparently 
mistaken  his  profession.  Pulling  and  Pynchon  was  an  old  law  firm  in  Salem,  colloqui- 
ally called  Pullem  and  Pincliem,  Mr.  Sheard,  of  Toronto,  has  a  name  appropriate 
to  a  patron  of  the  law.     Dane  cites  the  law-cases  of  Legal,  Title,  Falrtltle,  Goodtltle, 

Fetter,  &c In  New  York  I  find  families  of  Dun,  Dunuer,  Detter,  Duely, 

Ittem  (item),  Legal,  &c. ;  also  Satchell,  which  seems  to  belong  here,  as  a  green 
bag  was  formerly  a  lawyer's  badge.  Pp.  186,  187.  Mr.  Sparrow  was  a  member  of 
our  bar  in  1839.  Mr.  Sparhawk,  i.e.  sparrowhawk,  has  a  more  appropriate  name;  as 
have  also  Mr.  Shears,  Mr.  Shearer,  Mr.  Skinner,  J\Ir.  Keen,  and  Mr.  Scaley.  ]\Ir. 
Trick  was  permitted  to  serve  on  the  grand  jury  (1674).  i\fr.  Blacklaw  lives  in  New 
York.  Mr.  Carlaw,  of  the  same  city,  can  give  only  travelling  advice.  Mr.  Greenlaw 
would  seem  to  be  equally  untrustworthy.  If  the  law  be  viewed  as  one  of  the  black 
b 


X  AMERICAN  NOMENCLATURE. 

arts,  as  was  once  suggested  by  the  late  Douglas  Jerrolrl,  it  is  a  curious  coincidence 
that  its  chief  ministers  are  Coke  and  Blackstone  ! 

"  We  have  two  names  which  seem  amenable  to  the  law — Mr.  Swindle  and  Mr. 
Robb;  and  unless  Mr.  Sharper  and  Mr.  Trickey ''are  careful,  their  names  will  bring 
them  into  trouble.     P.  189. 

"  The  late  European  belligerents  ought  to  have  employed  as  umpire  our  fellow - 
citizen,  Mr.  Eoyal  Makepeace.  Mr.  Jobs  lived  in  New  York — a  name  in  the 
plui-al  rather  suggestive  of  city-contracts.  Our  Mr.  Job  is  a  family  man,  and  pro- 
bably owns  railroad  stock.  Messrs.  Tittle,  Blank,  and  Cyfer,  have  insignificant  names, 
Mr.  Blankman  and  Mr.  Aught  live  in  New  York.  At  Philadelphia  I  find  families  of 
Blanck,  Blank  and  Blankman,  two  families  of  Dito,  and  six  families  of  Null.  .  .  . 
Mr.  Earless  was  sued  in  1857.  Mr.  Mear  made  a  deed  in  December,  1856.  More  is 
very  common.  Mr.  Most  appears  in  the  Directory.  Mr.  Overmore  was  admitted  a 
freeman  in  1671;  and  Mr.  Climax  himself  lives  in  New  York.  Messrs.  Very  and 
A7elcombe  appear  extremely  cordial ;  while,  on  the  other  hand,  Messrs.  Nay,  Nott," 
Nevers,  Nerey,  Naromore,  Denio,  and  Miss  Repell,  seem  quite  the  reverse.  Mr. 
Denyer  lives  at  Toronto,  C.W.  ...  In  New  York  are  found  the  names  of 
Doolady,  Duduit,  and  Ducom— all  implying  a  pressing  request.  .  .  .  Alexander 
Garden  was  a  distinguished  botanist  of  the  last  century.  .  .  .  Mr.  Cars  is  a  car- 
man ;  and  Mr.  Carty  a  driver.     Pp.  42,  43. 

"  Mr.  Coache  lives  at  St.  John's,  C.E. ;  Mr.  Van  at  Strathroy,  C.W. ;  Mr.  Still- 
wagon  at  Toronto."    P.  213. 

Mr.  Bowditch  has  a  cui'ious  chapter  on  misapprehended,  translated,  and  changed 
surnames  ;  e.  g. : — 

"  In  1844,  one  Joseph  Galliano  died  in  Boston,  and  in  our  probate  records  he  has 
the  alias  of  Joseph  Gallonr-that  having  been  his  popular  name.  Plamboeck,  in  some 
of  our  conveyances,  became  Plumback.  These  are  names  in  a  transition  state.  A 
foundling  named  Personne  (i.  e.  nobodij)  became  Mv.  Pearson.  Jacques  Beguin  of 
Texas,  as  we  learn  from  Olmstead,  became  John  Bacon  !  Mr.  Cis(;o  is  sub-treasurer 
of  New  York.  The  family  originated  in  a  foreigner  named  John  Francisco,  who,  for 
brevity,  voluntarily  changed  his  signature  to  John  F.  Cisco.  A  German  named 
Rlibsum,  who  emigrated  to  Charleston,  B.C.,  became  by  translation  Mr.  Turnipseed. 
The  Blague  family  of  this  country  became  Blake ;  Everedd  was  altered  to  Webb  ; 
Fitzpen  became  Phippen.  Crowninshield  was  formerly  popularly  called  Groundsell. 
.  .  .  .  A  distinguished  lawyer  of  Middlesex  county,  named  Burnside,  disliking 
his  Christian  name,  applied  for  leave  to  change  it ;  and,  as  he  wrote  a  very  bad  hand,  it 
was  supposed  that  he  wished  to  change  his  surname  also  into  Bu7;iside  !  The  change 
was  made  accordingly;  and  after  suffering  a  year's  penance,  it  became  again  necessary 
to  ask  legislative  aid."     Pp.  241,  &c. 

In  the  United  Kingdom,  when  we  change  a  name  for  another,  it  is  ordinarily  at  the 
mandate  of  some  testntor  who  has  made  it  a  condition  of  acquiring  property,  bnt  in 
America  the  change  is  often  made  for  the  sake  of  euphony  ;  thus,  a  i\Ir.  Samuel  Quince 
Whitefoot,  disliking  the  metre  of  his  name,  deprived  it  of  its  final  foot,  and  now,  under 
legislative  sanction,  he  writes  himself  S.  Q,  White.  "An  entire  family  of  Corporal  in 
1847  laid  aside  that  rank ;  and  a  very  numerous  family  of  Vest  divested  themselves  in 
1848.  Mr.  Thomas  Jest,  in  1850,  decided  that  it  was  no  joke  to  retain  such  a  name 
any  longer."  In  these  last  cases  the  change  was  for  something  totally  different ;  not 
the  mere  adding  of  a  letter,  or  the  omission  of  a  disliked  syllable.  As  the  example 
has  now  been  fairly  set,  it  is  probable  that  in  time  the  Americans  will  have  the  purest 


SHIELDS  SURNAMES.  xi 

family  nomenclature   in  the  world — all  sucli  coarse   and  indelicate  names  as  those 

alluded  to  by  Hood  being  for  ever  laid  aside,  since  the  American  "  party  "  has  a 

voice  and  a  veto : — 

"A  name — if  the  party  liad  a  voice. 
What  mortal  would  be  a  Bugg  by  choice, 
As  a  Hogg,  a  Gnibb,  or  a  Chubb  rejoice, 

Or  any  such  nauseous  blazon  ? 
Not  to  mention  many  a  vulgar  name, 
Tiiat  would  make  a  door-plate  blush  for  shame, 
If  door-plates  were  not  so  brazen  I" 

One  more  extract,  exhibiting  some  harmony  between  the  name  and  the  calling  of 
the  bearers,  must  bring  these  humorous  passages  to  a  close. 

"  Rev.  Mr.  Service  reads  the  Methodist-Episcopal  service  at  Lynden,  C.W. ;  and 
Rev.  Mr.  Rally,  of  Haysville,  C.W.,  manifestly  belongs  to  the  church-militant.  Mr. 
Lappe,  of  New-PIamburg,  C.W.,  is  a  shoemaker  ;  ]\Iiss  Vest,  of  Toronto,  a  dress- 
maker ;  Mr.  Vizard,  of  Peterborough,  an  attorney ;  and  Mr.  Supple,  of  Pembroke,  a 
member  of  the  provincial  Parliament,  1857.  JMessrs.  Carveth,  of  Port  Hope,  CW., 
and  JMr.  Gash,  of  Dunville,  C.E.,  are  butchers.  Mrs.  Lone  is  a  widow  at  Oriquois, 
C.E.  Mrs.  Cinnamon,  of  Kingston,  C.AV.,  keeps  a  grocery.  The  Messrs.  Broadwater, 
of  Philadelphia,  are  fishermen.  Mr.  Brick,  of  that  city,  is  a  mason ;  and  Mr.  Cart- 
man,  a  labourer.  Mr.  Bricklayer,  of  Montreal,  is  a  labourer  ;  Mr.  Rumble,  of 
Clinton,  C.W.,  a  wagon-maker ;  and  Mr.  Saddler,  of  Adelaide,  C.W.,  a  harness- 
maker.  Mr.  Builder,  of  Caledonia,  C.W.,  is  merely  a  cabinet-maker.  [On  the  other 
hand]  Mr.  Spurgeon,  of  Toronto,  C.W.,  has  cure  of  soles,  not  of  souls  ;  and  Mr. 
Hatter,  of  Ottawa,  C.W.,  is  a  shoemaker.  ]\L.'s.  Bloomy  is  a  school-mistress  at  St. 
Zepherine,  C.E. — an  employment  decidedly  imfavourable  to  the  complexion." 

]\Ir.  Bowditch's  Index  Nominum  of  1 14  pages  is  a  philological  curiosity. 

In  1857  appeared  a  small  work,  entitled  The  Family  Names  of  the  Folks  of 
Shields  t7-aced  to  theii-  Origin.  By  William  Brockie.  South  Shields,  8 vo.,  pp.  113.  In 
this  ingenious  little  essay,  the  author  classifies  the  names  of  the  people  of  North  and 
South  Shields,  two  rising  towns,  situated  respectively  in  the  counties  of  Northumber- 
land and  Durham,  in  the  following  manner : — 

Local — • 

I. — AxGLO-NoRTHUJtBRiANs.     From  Northumberland,  Durham,  York,  Cumberland, 

AVestmoreland,  Lancashire. 
n. — ■ScoTo- Northumbrians.     From    cos.    Linlithgow,    Edinburgh,    Haddington, 

Berwick,  Roxburgh,  Selkirk,  Dumfries. 
IH. — Old  English.     From  '  England  Proper,'  that  is  "  south  of  the  Humber  and 

east  of  the  Dee  and  Wye." 
IV. — Britons  of   Strathcluyd.     From   cos.    Peebles,    Lanark,    Renfrew,    Ayr, 

Wigtou,  Dumbarton. 
V. — Scots,  Picts,  and  Saxons.     From  beyond  the  Forth. 
VI. — Orcadians.     From  Orkney  and  Shetland. 

VII. — South  Britons.     From  Wales,  Cornwall,  and  the  Isle  of  Man. 
Vin.— Irish. 
IX. — French. 

X. — Local  Names  kot  identified. 

XI. — Gentile  or  National  Names,  as  English,  Fleming,  Scott,  &c. 
XII. — Generic  Local  Names,  as  Burn,  Craggs,  Croft,  Holm. 
Xin. — Natural  Objects.      Names  expressive  of  these,  from  the  Anglo-Saxon, 

Scottish,    French,   Irish,   Welsh,    Gaelic,   Danish,    Dutch,    Italian,    and   Greek 

languages.     Some  of  the  etymologies  are  of  a  very  doubtful  kind. 
XIV. — From  Ohjects,  such  as  tools,  weapons,  costume,  parts  of  ships  and  houses. 
XV. — From  Occupations  and  Professions. 
XVI.     XVH.     XV III.     XIX.— Foreign  Names. 


xii  ARTHUR.    FERGUSON.    CLARK. 

XX. — Patronymics,   or   names    derived  from    those    of  parents    or    ancestors. 

These  are  estimated  at  263. 
XXI. — Descriptive.     (From  personal,  moral,  and  other  qualities.) 

This  brochure  is  interesting  and  amusing,  though  some  of  its  statements  are  open 
to  animadversion.     I  have  obtained  several  useful  hints  from  it. 

In  the  same  year  appeared,  from  the  American  press,  An  Etymological 
Dictionary  of  Family  and  Clwistlan  Names;  with  an  Essay  on  their  Derivation  and 
Import.  By  William  Arthur,  IM.A.  New  York,  small  8vo.,  pp.  300.  This  is  ap- 
parently the  production  of  a  young  writer,  from  whom  better  things  may  be 
expected. 

By  far  the  most  important  of  these  recent  works  on  Family  Nomenclature 
appeared  in  1858,  under  the  title  of  English  Surnames,  and  their  Place  in  the 
Teutonic  Family.  By  Robert  Ferguson.  London,  f.-cap.  8vo.,  pp.  430.  I  forgive  the 
author  his  small  trespass  in  having  plagiarized,  in  part,  the  title  of  my  former  work, 
in  consideration  of  the  pleasure  and  advantage  I  have  derived  from  his  pages,  numer- 
ous quotations  from  which  will  be  found  in  this  volume.  The  following  Table  of 
Contents  will  convey  some  idea  of  the  nature  of  Mr.  Ferguson's  labours. 

Chapter — 

I. — Introduction. 

II.— Names  signifying  Man  and  Woman. 

HI. — Names  derived  from,  or  connected  with,  Teutonic  JMjthology. 
IV. — Names  derived  from,  or  connected  with.  Hero  Worship. 
V. — Names  taken  from  Animals. 
VI.  —Names  taken  from  Trees,  Plants,  Metals,  &c. 
VII. — Names  taken  from  War,  Arms,  and  Warlike  Occupations. 
VIII. — Names  expressive  of  Peace,  Friendship,  and  Affection. 
IX. — Names  derived  from  Relationship. 
X. — Names  derived  from  Nationality. 
XI. — Old  Saxon  and  Anglo-Saxon  names. 
XII. — Scandinavian  Names. 
XIII. — Patronymics  and  Diminutives. 
XIV. — Names  derived  from  Physical  Characteristics.^ 
XV. — Names  derived  from  Mental  and  Moral  Qualities. 
XVI.— Names  derived  from  Office  or  Occupation. 
XVII. — Names  from  the  Sea  and  the  Sea  Life. 
XVIII.— Local  Surnames. 
XIX.— General  Observations. 
XX.— Conclusion. 
&c,,      cScC. 

So  many  references  to  these  prolusions  will  be  found  throughout  my  pages  that 
my  estimate  of  them  will  be  inferred  from  such  frequent  notice.  Lilce  the  rest  of  us 
who  explore  the  mazes  of  nominal  etymology,  the  author  sometimes  falls  into  a  bog  or 
quagmire,  visible  enoiigh  to  all  eyes  but  his  own ;  and  he  might  perhaps  be  justly 
charged  with  giving  too  great  a  prominence  to  the  Scandinavian  element  in  our  Nomen- 
clature, an  error  in  which  he  is  evidently  a  disciple  of  Worsaae;  while  his  researches 
into  the  history  of  "  the  Northmen  in  Cumberland  and  "Westmoreland  "  have  naturally 
given  his  mind  a  further  bias  in  that  direction.  But  as  he  justly  observes  in  the  pre- 
face— "  The  field  is  a  wide  one,  and  there  will  be  much  to  add— it  is  a  difficult  one, 
and  there  will  be  much  to  correct."  "  I  hope  to  have  the  credit,"  he  continues,  "  of 
having  fairly  grappled  with  the  subject,  and  of  having  done  something  to  lift  up  the 
veil  which  hangs  over  our  English  names.'' 

Last,  and  least  in  bulk,  not  the  least  in  amusing  interest,  of  recent  publications 
on   this   subject,   is  a  brochiu-e  of  72  pages  published  in  1859,  entitled  Surnames 


ANTIQUITY  OF  SURNAMES.  xiii 

Metrically  Arranged  and  Classified.  By  Thomas  Clai-k,  Esq.  ]Mr.  Clark's  arrange- 
ment of  the  names  is  hito  forty-six  groups,  each  representing  a  certain  set  of  objects 
or  ideas,  -with  little  reference  to  etymology.  Several  quotations  from  the  work  will  be 
found  in  this  volume. 

Here  I  close  my  cursory  review  of  what  has  been  done  in  the  English  language 
in  the  way  of  chissifying  and  illustrating  Family  Nomenclature.  More  elaborate  pro- 
ductions are  spoken  of  as  forthcoming,  and  there  are  grounds  for  predicting,  that  at 
no  distant  period  this  department  of  philology  will  assume  proportions,  and  achieve 
an  importance,  which  twenty  years  ago  were  not  even  dreamed  of.  As  I  have  evei*, 
throughout  my  literary  career,  endeavoured  to  observe  the  maxim  Sinim  Cuique,  so  I 
hope  that  all  after-coming  cultivators  of  this  curious  and  extensive  field,  will  be  will- 
ing to  admit  my  claim  to  having  been  the  first,  since  the  days  of  the  illustrious 
Camden,  who  attempted  to  reduce  to  a  method  the  farrago  of  terms  by  which  the 
men  and  women  of  our  happy  country  are  distinguished  among  the  nations  of  the 
world. 


II. 

®£  tije  Siiijrrt  at  large. 

N  my  Essay  on  English  Surnames,  I  have  entered  somewhat  fully  into  the 

history  and  classification  of  our  family  nomenclature ;  and  it  is  unnecessary 

here  to  go  over  the  same  ground.     I  shall  therefore  content  myself  with 

some  new  illustrations  of  the  subject,  in  the  same  order  as  was  pursued  in 

the  former  work. 

1.  Antiquity  of  Surnames. — I  see  no  reason  for  departing  from  the  year  1000, 
as  the  proximate  date  for  the  assumption  of  family  names.  The  practice  commenced 
in  Normandy,  and  gradually  extended  itself  into  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland.  I 
have  assumed,  that  although  the  use  of  surnames  may,  on  the  whole,  be  regarded  as 
one  of  the  importations  of  the  Norman  Conquest,  yet  they  were  occasionally  heredi- 
tary among  the  Anglo-Saxons  at  a  date  anterior  to  that  event,  and  many  generations 
before  the  general  adoption  of  family  designations.  This  is  pretty  satisfactorily  proved 
by  a  document  in  the  Cottonian  MSS.  quoted  in  Sharon  Turner's  History  of  the 
Anglo-Saxons.  This  document  (No.  1356  in  Cod.  Dipl.)  has  no  date,  but  there  can 
be  no  doubt  of  its  being  earlier  than  1066.  It  states  that — "  Hwita  Hatte  was  a 
keepqr  of  bees  in  Ilajthfelda  ;  and  Tate  Hatte,  his  daughter,  was  ih.Q  mother  of 
Wulsio-e,  the  shooter ;  and  Lulle  Hatte,  the  sister  of  "Wulsige,  Hehstan  had  for  his 
wife  in  Wealadene.  Wifus,  and  Dunne,  and  Seoloce  were  born  in  Hajthfelda.  Duding 
Hatte,  the  son  of  Wifus,  is  settled  at  Wealadene ;  and  Ceolmund  Hatte,  the  sou  of 
Dunne,  is  also  settled  there  ;  and  iEtheleah  Hatte,  the  son  of  Seoloce,  is  also  there  ; 


xlv  CLASSIFICATION  OF  SURNAMES. 

and  Tate  Hatte,  tlie  sister  of  Cenwakl,  IMajg  hath  for  his  wife  at  Weligan ;  and 
Ealdehii,  the  son  of  Herethrytlie,  married  the  daughter  of  Tate.  Werlaff  Hatte^  the 
father  of  Werstan,  was  the  rightful  possessor  of  Haathfelda."  Hence  Mr.  Ferguson 
remarks,  that  the  existing //o«  is  probably  the  "oldest  hereditary  surname  we  have 
on  record." 

2.  Local  Surnames. — To  be  named  after  one's  own  landed  possessions  seems  to 
have  been  an  inevitable  result  of  the  feudal  system.  The  Norman  Conquerors,  who 
had  in  many  instances  used  the  territorial  De,  introduced  the  fashion  into  England. 
Camden's  remark  that  there  is  no  "village  in  Normandy  that  gave  not  denomination 
to  some  family  in  England"  is  justly  followed  by  another,  that  "  every  town,  village, 
or  hamlet  in  England  and  Scotland  hath  afforded  names  to  families." 

This  is  a  large  subject,  and  demands  a  separate  essay  :  but  I  can  only  touch 
upon  one  or  two  of  its  more  prominent  points. 

While  comparatively  few  existing  British  families  can  indicate  the  very  manor  in 
Normandy,  in  England,  or  in  Scotland,  from  whence  their  founders,  in  the  eleventh, 
twelfth,  thirteenth,  or  fourteenth  century,  borrowed  their  names,  there  are  multitudes 
who  have  no  direct  proof  of  being  territorially  associated  with  the  places  whose  names 
they  bear,  even  though  there  is  strong  probability  in  many  cases  that  such  was  the 
fact.  In  numberless  instances  the  founder  of  a  surname  was  merely  a  resident  at  the 
place  from  which  it  was  borrowed,  and  not  its  feudal  ijroprietor.  This  is  esjjeclally 
the  case  in  names  derived  from  considerable  towns. 

Though  local  surnames,  as  above  intimated,  have  been  borrowed  from  every  part 
of  England,  the  practice  was  probably  most  rife  In  Cornwall,  where  theTre,  Pol,  Pen, 
&c.,  seem  to  have  been  used  almost  to  the  exclusion  of  the  other  species  of  names. 
This  is  remarkable,  as  in  the  other  Celtic  jjortlons  of  these  realuis — Wales,  Ireland, 
the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  &c. — the  patronymical  surname  was  almost  always  pre- 
ferred, and  the  Ap,  the  O',  and  the  Mac  were  the  prefixes  Instead  of  the  Anglo-Norman 
De.  In  the  Cumbrian  province  territorial  surnames  appear,  however,  as  in  Cornwall, 
to  have  been  in  favour.  Out  of  a  list  of  55  Cumberland  families  extinct  before  A.D. 
1500,  thirty-nine  took  their  designations  from  the  places  where  they  were  settled* 

My  original  intention  was,  to  exclude  from  this  work  all  British  local  surnames. 
The  design  being  chiefly  etymological,  I  thought  I  should  forward  that  object  very  little 
in  informing  the  reader  that  'York'  was  derived  from  the  city,  and  'Essex'  from  the 
county,  so  called.  But  on  mature  consideration  I  came  to  the  conclusion,  that  though 
the  meaning  of  names  was  my  main  object  of  research,  a  natural  curiosity  mioht 
exist  on  the  part  of  the  reader  to  know  when  a  particular  surname  first  appeared  in 
ancient  records,  and  that  I  might  thus  usefully  combine  Its  history  with  its  etymology. 
Besides,  it  is  not  always  easy,  without  a  considerable  acquaintance  with  gazetteers,  and 
other  topographical  books,  to  determine  what  are,  or  what  are  not,  local  names.  Who 
for  example,  not  having  heard  of  some  ten  obscure  localities  which  hardly  find  a  place 
upon  any  map,  would  take  the  well-known  surnames  Hartshorne,  Blenkinsopp,  Fare- 
well, Inkpen,  Ellerker,  Blencowe,  Clewei-,  Antrobus,  Inskip,  and  Charley,  to  be  terri- 
torial designations ;  yet  this  is  undoubtedly  the  case. 

The  number  of  local  surnames  Is  immense ;  but  while  a  large  proportion  of  them 
can  be  identified  with  their  localities,  an  equal,  if  not  a  larger,  one  cannot  be  so  Identi- 
fied by  means  of  the  ordinary  topographical  dictionaries.  A  careful  examination  of 
the  indices  locorum  of  our  best  county  histories  would  shew  the  origin  of  many  of 
these  from  extinct  manors  and  petty  territorial  possessions ;  and  no  Inconsiderable  num- 

*  Ferguson's  Northmen  in  Cumberland,  &c. 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  SURNAMES.  xv 

ber  of  them  have  eitlier  lost  tlieir  designations  or  corrupted  them  ahnost  beyond  iden- 
tification. And  it  may  be  observed  as  a  rule,  that  the  more  trivial  the  locality  which  has 
given  rise  to  a  surname — a  poor  hamlet,  perhaps,  or  a  farm  of  small  dimensions — the 
more  lilcely  the  first  assumer  of  the  designation  is  to  have  been  the  owner  of  such 
locality.  Every  topographical  inquirer  must  have  remarked  the  number  of  surnames 
that  have  originated  from  these  humble  possessions;  and  how  many  have  either  become 
uttei-ly  extinct  or  have  been  transferred  to  other,  and  often  remote,  districts.  The 
proportion  of  English  families  who  still  enjoy  possession  of  the  lands  from  whi(;li  their 
surnames  are  derived,  as  Ashburnham  of  Ashburnham,  WombwcU  of  Wombwell, 
Polwhele  of  Polwhele,  is  infinitcssimally  small.  The  same  remark  applies  to  the 
Scottish  families  who  properly  write  themselves  '  of  that  Ilk.' 

Besides  these  more  regular  local  names,  there  are  two  other  classes  which  are 
derived  from  places ;  namely — 1.  Those  which  indicate  the  coimtry  or  district  from 
which  the  family  came,  as  Ireland,  Maine,  Cornwall  (witli  the  adjective  forms,  Irish, 
]\Iaunsel,  Cornwallis)  &c. ;  and  2.  Those  which  are  borrowed  from  the  situation,  rather 
than  the  name,  of  the  original  bearer's  residence ;  as  Hill,  Wood,  Tree,  originally  At- 
Ilill,  At-Wood,  At-Tree,  &c.  See  this  class  of  names  largely  treated  of  in  English 
Surnames,  vol.  i.  pp.  59 — 91. 

I  may  observe  here,  that  in  a  few  of  the  many  cases  in  which  I  have  failed  to 
identify  local  surnames  with  localities,  I  have  proved  them  to  belong  to  this  class  by 
giving  the  etymology  of  the  word. 

3.  Surnames  derived  from  Trades,  Occupations,  and  Offices. — I  have 
little  to  remark  here,  beyond  what  has  been  said  in  English  Surnames.  Several 
names  of  this  class  occur  in  Domesday  Book,  sheAving  their  early  use  among  the 
Normans.  Some  of  these,  as  Carpentarius,  Faber,  Barbitonsor,  may  be  regarded  as 
descriptions,  rather  than  names,  though  Cai'penter,  Smith,  and  Barber  afterwards 
became  hereditary  names.  The  official  names  Pincerna,  Dapifer,  &c.,  usually  aliased 
other  and  more  regular  names,  and  were  not  in  a  strict  sense  of  the  word  hereditary, 
though  the  corresponding  designations  Botller,  Steward,  and  the  like,  afterwards 
became  so.  But,  as  I  have  sufficiently  shewn  elsewhere,  surnames  were  in  a  very  un- 
fixed condition  in  the  early  generations  after  the  Conquest.  Sometimes  one  and  the 
same  individual  would  bear  three  surnames— one  territorial,  another  patronymical,  and 
the  third  official.  The  powerful  Richard,  son  of  Gilbert  Crispin,  Earl  of  Brionne,  in 
Normandy,  and  Earl  of  Clare,  in  England,  bears  Jive  names  in  Domesday,  viz.  :— 

1.  Richard  de  Tonebridge,  from  his  lordship  of  that  name  in  Kent. 

2.  Richard  Benfeld. 

3.  Richard  de  Benefada, 

4.  Richard  de  Clare,  from  the  Suffolk  lordship. 

5.  Richard  Fitz- Gilbert,  from  his  father's  baptismal  name.* 

It  would  seem  that,  among  the  Anglo-Saxons,  words  designating  employments 
were  sometimes  used  as  we  now  employ  baptismal  or  Christian  names.  For  exmnple, 
a  Coleman  (or  Colemannus)  and  a  Wodeman  are  found  among  the  under-tenants  of 
Domesday.  ^\1iether  these  persons  had  been  baptized  by  those  names,  or  whether 
they  were,  by  occupation,  respectively  a  charcoal-burner  and  a  woodman,  does  not 
appear. 

While  surnames  remained  irregular  and  unfixed,  as  they  did  among  the  common 
people,  throughout  a  great  part  of  the  middle  ages,  it  is  often  difficult  to  determine 
whether  the  affix  is  a  surname,  or  whether  it  is  simply  a  descriptive  epithet.  It  was 
sometimes  both,  especially  as  a  particular  vocation  was  freqviently  pursued  hereditarily. 

♦  Dugdale's  Baronage.    Kelliam's  Domesday. 


xvi  CLASSIFICATION  OF  SURNAMES. 

In  the  reign  of  Edward  T.,  we  find  a  dancing  girl  called  Maude  Makojoy,  -wliicli  evi- 
dently refers  to  her  occupation.  Much  later,  temp.  Henry  VI.,  I  have  seen  the  name 
Renneawaie  (Run-away)  applied  to  a  perfiiga;  but  the  most  curious  instance  of  this 
sort  is  to  be  found  so  late  as  15  Edward  IV.,  in  an  extract  from  a  record  book  of 
the  manor  of  Hatfield  Broad-Oak,  co.  Essex,  which  shows  how  a  poacher  upon 
the  manor,  who  bore  the  name  of  'Partridge-taker,'  from  his  illicit  occupation,  was  fined 

twelve  pence  for  his  ofience : — 

"Item  dicit,  quod  Robertus  Partrychetalcer  intravit  gareniam  liujus  manerii,  ct  in  eadem  cepit  perdrices, 
et  illas  asportavit,  sine  licentia  Domini."* 

4.  Surnames  derived  from  Characteristics  or  Mind  and  Body. — The 
rationale  of  this  class  of  names  has  been  discussed  in  Eng.  Surn.,  vol.  i.  pp.  139 — 148 ; 
and  my  remarks  there,  and  in  various  articles  in  the  present  work,  are  sufficient  on 
this  division  of  our  subject. 

5.  Surnames  derived  from  Baptismal  or  Personal  Names. — This  most 
fertile  source  of  family  names  has  receiv  '  ,  ,.e  attention  in  my  former  work  ;  and  I 
have  only  one  or  two  further  illustrati'       :  •  ,     er. 

To  any  one  who  will  examine  thit  ...^.tionary,  few  things  will  be  more  obvious 
than  that  a  large  number  of  modern  surnames  are  identical  with  Anglo-Saxon  personal 
names  before  the  Conquest.  This  may  appear  to  be  no  more  remarkable  than  that 
the  Celtic  names  of  Ireland  and  Scotland  deprived  of  O'  or  Mac,  or  the  Anglo- 
Norman  names  despoiled  of  Fitz,  or  the  Welsh  names  destitute  of  Ap,  should  have 
remained  in  our  family  nomenclature — yet  I  think  there  is  a  difierence  between  these 
really  patronymical  forms  and  those  old  Teutonic  designations ;  because  the  latter 
would  more  naturally  have  assumed  the  desinence  ing  (more  rarely  sunu),  which 
would  have  adhered,  and  become  permanent.     My  theory  is  this  : — 

For  several  generations  after  the  in-coming  of  the  Normans,  the  Anglo-Saxon 
race,  down-trodden  by  their  impei'ious  conquerors,  had  (with  few  notable  exceptions) 
small  consideration  as  to  their  names — little  more,  it  would  appear,  than  thcii'  fellow 
burthen-beai'ers,  the  horse  and  the  bullock.  But  when  some  of  them,  by  force  of 
character,  emerged  from  what  might  with  truth  be  called  tlie  common  herd,  they 
would  assert  for  themselves  the  distinction  of  a  nom  de  famille,  and  emulate  the 
Norman  example.  It  is  not  difficult  to  imagine  one  of  these  adopting  an  argument 
like  the  followuig :  "  Well,  though  I  have  been  a  serf,  I  have  purchased  my  freedom, 
and,  as  a  free  man,  I  am  determined  to  resume  as  much  as  I  can  of  the  social  position 
which  my  family,  under  the  Norman  sway,  have  lost.  My  great-great-grandfather,  who 
possessed  the  lands  upon  which  I  have  till  lately  been  a  mere  chattel,  fell  at  Hastings, 
bravely  defending  his  country's  liberties.  He  was  called  Wulsi,  that  being  his  only 
name.  Now,  my  name  is  Edward ;  but,  as  many  Edwards  still  remain  in  servitude, 
I  am  anxious  to  distinguish  myself  as  a  free  Englishman  from  those  unhappy  indi- 
viduals, and  I  will  therefore  adopt  the  additional  name  of  AVulsi,  and  call  myself 
Edward  Wulsi ;  and  all  my  posterity  shall  be  known  after  our  common  forefather  as 
Wulsis."  By  this  kind  of  ancestor-worship,  it  is  highly  probable  that  the  old  pre- 
Norman  nomenclature  has  in  numerous  cases  been  handed  down  to  the  present  day. 

Mr.  Ferguson  observes,  that  it  may  be  a  question  whether  the  epithets  of  Teutonic 
antiquity — the  "  surnames  of  illustrious  men  may  not  sometimes,  on  the  principle  of 
hero-worship,  have  been  adopted  by  other  men  in  after  times  as  surnames,  or  even  in 
some  cases  as  baptismal  names.  We  have  a  few  names  which  correspond  with  the 
surnames  borne  by  distinguished  personages,   long  before  the  time  when  surnames 

*  Inf.  W..  Clay  ton,  Esq. 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  SURNAMES.  xvii 

became  hereditary."  The  instances  cited  by  Mr.  F.  are  Ironside,  Barfoot,  Lightfoot, 
Ludbrock,  and  Barnacle.  In  this  connection  see  the  articles  Robynhod  and  Littlejohn 
in  the  present  volume. 

Although  I  cannot  agree  with  M.  Salverte  *  that  a  moiety  of  family  names  are 
derived  from  baptismal  appellations — at  least  in  the  British  Islands — this  is  indisput- 
ably one  of  the  largest  sources  of  these  appellatives.  This  will  be  apparent  if  we 
reflect  that  not  only  has  nearly  every  "  font-name  "  become  a  surname  ^^e?"  se,  but  also 
in  its  various  patronymical,  or  rcithGi-Jilial  forms  and  its  nicked,  or  abbreviated  modifi- 
cations. A  reference  to  the  article  William  in  this  work,  and  to  what  I  have  already 
said  in  English  Surnames,  vol.  i.  p.  166,  will  show  how  copious  a  source  of  nomen- 
clature this  has  been.  The  Irish,  Gaelic,  and  Welsh  surnames,  as  will  be  seen 
elsewhere,  are  almost  exclusively  of  this  kind. 

Under  the  head  Patronymics  and  Diminutives,  Mr.  Ferguson  has  the  following 
judicious  observations  : — "  Of  the  two  Teutonic  patronymics,  iitg  and  son,  common  in 
English  names,  the  former  is  more  prop  '^ermanic,  the  latter  Scandinavian.     1. 

Ing  or  inger  signifies  son,  offspring,  bein^  _'e  '"'ith  the  English  young.     It  was 

discontinued  about  the  time  of  the  Conquest,' and  consequently  all  the  names  in  which 
it  appears  are  carried  back  to  Anglo-Saxon  times.  In  some  few  cases,  however,  the 
termination  ing  in  proper  names  may  not  be  from  this  origin,  but  rather  local,  from 
ing,  a  meadow.f  2.  The  termination  son  is  a  characteristic  feature  of  all  the  Scandi- 
navian countries,  Avhile  in  Germany,  on  the  other  hand,  it  is  of  comj^aratively  rare 
occurrence.  So  well  is  this  distinction  understood,  that  a  writer  on  the  '  Nationality 
and  Language  in  the  Duchy  of  Sleswick  and  South  Jutland,'  advances  the  frequency 
of  names  ending  in  son  as  an  argument  for  the  Danish  character  of  the  population." 
Too  much  stress  ought  not,  however,  to  be  laid  upon  this  termination  to  prove  the 
nationality  of  the  bearer,  since  in  England  it  is  afSxed  to  Christian  names  of  every 
origin,  as  I  have  stated  under  the  article  Son  in  this  dictionary. 

Mr.  Dixon  remarks  that  the  equivalent  of  our  English  son  is  in  Germany  sohn, 
often  corrupted  to  son  and  sen,  and  in  Holland  zoon,  also  generally  changed  to  son,  sen, 
and  se,  or  abbreviated  to  z. 

6.  The  Animal  and  Vegetable  Kingdoms  have  supplied  a  rich  variety  of 
family  names.  See  the  articles  Birds,  Quadrupeds,  Fishes,  Trees  and  Plants,  &c.  In 
English  Surnames,  vol.  1,  p.  186,  I  have  given  a  list  of  names  identical  with  the  desig- 
nations of  Minerals.  INIr.  Clark,  with  his  usual  ingenuity,  adduces  a  more  copious 
one  : — 

"  We've  Agate,  Allum,  Brass, 

Chalk,  Copper,  Crystal,  Flint, and  Glass; 
Slate,  Iron,  Freestone,  Sand,  Clay,  Mould, 
Lime,  Lias,  Pewter,  Silver,  Gold  ; 
Stone,  Garnett,  Emery,  Argent,  Nickel, 
Talk,  Jewell,  Jasper,  Brick,  and  Brickell ; 
Salt,  Kuby,  Winstone,  Ore,  and  Nodes, 
Gravel  and  Coal — by  wagon  loads ; 
And  lastly,  Diamond,  Timi,  and  Zincke." 

But  the  curiosity  of  this  catalogue  Is,  that  scarcely  a  single  name  "  means  what  it 
says."  They  are  principally  derived  from  localities,  and  several  are  known  modifica- 
tions of  baptismal  names. 

7.  To  what  I  have  said  respecting  the  small  class  of  surnames  derived  from 
Symbols,  such  as  the  charges  of  the  Armorial  Shield,  the  Signs  of  Innkeepers  and 

*  Essai  sui'  les  Noms,  &c. 

t  I  believe  tliat  in  many,  if  not  most  cases,  the  terminat'ion  in(/  denotes  a  local  origin,  and  ranks  with  ham, 
LET,  TON,  &.C.  It  signifies  a  meadow.  But  wlien  the  ing  occurs  in  the  middle  of  the  name  of  a  place,  as  in 
Beddi'nr/ham,  Willnif/ton,  Possinfrivortb,  it  is  the  Saxon  filial:  thus  Beddingham, or  rather Bedingham,  signifies 
tlie  horn,  or  home,  of  the  inffa,  or  sons,  of  Heda,  or  Bede. 


xviu  CLASSIFICATION  OF  SURNAMES. 

Tradesmen,  &c.,  I  have  nothing  to  add,  except  that  I  should  be  disposed  rather  to 
limit  than  to  extend  it.  Compare,  for  instance,  wliat,  following  Mr.  Montagu's  "  Study 
of  Heraldry,"  I  have  said  in  English  Surnames,!.  195-6.,  respecting  the  name  Septvans 
with  what  is  stated  in  the  present  volume. 

8.  Several  new  illustrations  of  surnames,  supposed  to  be  dei'ived  from  the  Social 
Relations,  Periods  of  Time,  Age,  &c.,  will  be  found  scattered  through  this  volume  ; 
but  in  the  article  Times  and  Seasons  it  will  be  seen  that  many  names  apparently 
from  this  source  belong  to  other  categories. 

9.  Touching  surnames  indicative  of  Ridicule  and  Contempt,  I  have  only  to 
remark  here,  that  this  kind  of  nomenclature  was  largely  imported  into  England  In 
Norman  times.  Among  early  designations  which  were  anything  but  complimentary, 
but  which  adhered  to  descendants,  and  were  borne  in  the  XII.  and  succeeding 
centuries — some  even  remaining  to  our  own  times — the  following  three  classes  may  be 
adduced ;  viz.,  those  derived, — 

a.  From  dangerous  or  ill-reputed  beasts,  such  as  Urso,  Purcell,  Machell,  (Mal- 
chien).  Lupus  (Lovel),  Maulovel,  Aslnus  (L'Asne);  Anglice,  Bear,  Pig,  Evil-dog, 
Wolf,  Bad-wolf,  Ass,  &c. 

h.  From  personal  deformities,  such  as  Malemains,  IMalebranche,  Foljambe, 
Tortesmains,  Maureward,  VIs-dc-Len,  Front-de-Boeuf ;  Ajiglice,  Bad-hands,  Bad-arm, 
Bad-leg,  Twisted-hands,  Squinter,  Wolf's-face,  and  Bullock's-head. 

c.  From  moral  defects,  such  as  Malvoisin,  IMauduIt,  Mautenant ;  Avglice,  Bad- 
neighboui'.  Ill-conducted,  Faithless  (?),  &c. 

Analogous  siu-names  of  indigenous  growth,  and  later  date,  are  widely  scattered 
over  the  pages  of  this  volume. 

10.  With  regard  to  surnames  apparently  relating  to  the  A^irtues  and  other 
Abstract  Ideas,  I  have  found  occasion  to  modify  some  of  the  statements  which  I 
formerly  advanced. 

11.  Surnames  identical  in  form  with  Oaths  and  Exclamations,  though  a  very 
limited  class,  are  more  numerous  than  I  formerly  considered  them  to  be,  as  Avill  be 
seen  on  perusal  of  the  dictionary. 

12.  On  the  family  names  sakl  to  have  been  borrowed  from  Historical  Inci- 
BENTS,  and  to  which  I  have  devoted  the  first  chapter  of  Vol.  II.  of  English  Surnames, 
I  have  bestowed  a  considerable  amount  of  criticism,  and  the  result  is,  that  they  are,  at 
least  in  numerous  instances,  derived  from  much  more  probable,  though  less  romantic, 
sources.  See,  for  example,  Lockhart,  Dalziel,  Napier,  Tyrwhitt,  Skene,  Erskine,  and 
many  other  articles  In  the  j^resent  volume. 

13.  Foreign  Surnames  naturalized  in  these  islands  have  caused  me  much 
trouble,  from  the  difficulty  which  exists  of  determining  when  an  immigrating  family 
may  be  truly  said  to  have  become  denizens  of  the  United  Kingdom.  This  by  no 
means  depends  upon  length  of  residence ;  for  while  there  are  many  (especially  those 
connected  with  merchandise),  who,  though  long  among  us,  are  not  of  us,  there  are,  on 
the  other  hand,  still  more  who,  albeit  their  settlement  is  recent,  may  be  reckoned 
among  the  truest-hearted  of  Britons.  I  have  endeavoured  to  follow  the  middle 
course,  of  neither  hastily  admitting,  nor  of  unfairly  rejecting,  surnames  of  foreign 
origin,  according  to  the  means  of  judging  which  I  possessed.  Without  a  range  of 
enquiries  far  wider  than  was  within  my  power,  it  has  been  impossible  to  decide  accu- 
rately on  this  subject.  You  cannot  pass  through  the  streets  of  any  great  town — of 
London  especially — without  remarking  the  large  number  of  foreign  names  which  are 
seen  on  every  hand,  though  whether  those  names  belong  to  recent  settlers,  or  to 
families  of  several  generations'  standing,  nothing  short  of  elaborate  investigation  could 


CORRUPTION  OF  SURNAMES.  xix 

decide.  In  the  London  Directory  for  the  year  1852,  page  839,  no  less  than  Jlfty-one 
traders,  in  consecvitive  order,  bear  foreign  names !     These  are  principally  Germans. 

Whatever  my  sins  of  omission  on  this  score  may  have  been  (those  of  commission 
are  not  to  be  found),  I  trust  that  few  of  those  naturalized  names  which  have  adorned 
our  annals  in  literature,  science,  arts,  politics,  or  war,  have  been  overlooked. 

14.  The  Corruptions  which  hundreds  of  our  family  names  have  undergone 
tend  to  baffle  alike  the  genealogical  and  the  etymological  inquirer.  These  mainly  proceed 
from  two  causes — first,  the  unfixed  orthography  of  ancient  times ;  and  secondly,  the 
desire  which  seems  inherent  in  most  minds  of  attachino-  a  signification  to  names.  In 
addition  to  many  other  instances  occurring  in  these  pages,  I  may  mention  that  Shire- 
clifTe  has  become  Shirtleij ;  Ollerenshaw,  Wrench ;  Molineux,  31uU ;  Debenham, 
Deadman;  "Wainhouse,  Venus;  Sibthorpe,  Tharp ;  MacLeod,  Ellicott;  Lenthall, 
Lentern;  Delamond,  D  oily  mount ;  Pasley,  Parsley;  Gillingham,  GilHcum;  Satherley, 
Saturday;  Pickford,  Pichfat;  Clavesley,  Classey ;  Thurgod,  Thoroughgood ;  Talbois, 
Tallboys.  Mr.  Ferguson  well  observes  that  "the  tendency  of  corruption  is  almost 
invariably  toioards  a  meaning,  and  not  away  from  one" — because  people  like  to  know 
what  they  are  talking  about,  and  hence  our  uneducated  folk  call  asparagus 
"sparrow-grass,"  and  the  passiflora  a  "passion-flower."* 

The  inexact  orthography  of  the  middle  ages  has  led  to  much  error  and  misappre- 
hension, as  might  be  expected  when  the  name  of  Shirecliffe  is  found  spelt  in  fifty-five, 
and  that  of  Mainwaring  in  one  hundred  and  thirty-one,  different  ways.  But  another 
cause  of  imcertainty  has  arisen  from  what  may  be  called  the  variations  rather  than 
corruptions  of  names,  as  when  in  deeds  executed  by  the  same  person,  he  is  called 
indifferently  Chapman  and  Mercator,  or  Smith  and  Faber.  In  deeds  of  one  and  the 
same  person,  whose  name  would  now  be  written  John  Church,  or  John  Kirke,  and  who 
flourished  in  Dei'byshii-e  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.,  the  following  variations  occur : — 

John  atte  Schirche, 
John  at  Chjrch, 
John  del  Kyrke, 
Johannes  de  Kyrke, 
John  Othekyrke, 
John  at  Kyrke.f 

In  Scotland  still  greater  irregularities  prevailed,  and  do  still  prevail,  as  when 
kinsmen  write  themselves  Ballantyne,  Bannatyue,  Balleuden,  and  Belenden.  The 
following  extract  of  a  letter,  addressed  to  me  by  ]\Ir.  Alexander  Gardyue,  will  suffi- 
ciently attest  this  want  of  uniformity  in  the  orthography  of  family  names  : — 

"  I  have  always  prided  myself  upon  bearing  a  very  uncommon  hlack-letter  looking  surname, 
which  in  our  pai't  of  the  country — say  Forfarshire — is  clipped  down  in  common  parlance  to  Gairn. 
During  the  greater  part  of  a  somewhat  advanced  life  I  have  been  content  to  call  myself  Gardyne, 
and  to  receive  the  aforesaid  equivalent  for  it;  but  having  recently  made  a  pilgrimage  to  Father- 
land, after  many  years  absence  from  Europe,  it  has,  unhappily,  resulted  in  placing  me  somewhat 
in  the  position  of  Jacob  Faithful,  with  this  difference,  however,  in  my  favour,  that  whereas 
Jlaryatt's  hero  was  in  search  of  a  Father,  with  me  it  was  only  a  Grandfather ;  the  imperfect  regis- 
tration of  the  parish  authorities  of  Glammis  having  so  mystified  that  interesting  relative  to  me, 
as  to  baffle  my  endeavours  to  fix  his  identity,  to  say  nothing  of  the  suspicion  it  has  awakened  in 
jny  mind  that  as  regards  the  name  I  have  so  long  borne,  I  have,  in  nautical  phrase,  been  sailing 
'  under  false  colours.'  I  may  here  state  that  my  worthy  parent  was  gathered  to  his  fathers  long 
before  I  felt  any  gi-eat  curiosity  about  the  Gardynes  of  the  Nether  JMiddleton,  in  the  Glen  of 
Ogilvie,  and  that,  moreover,  having  no  relatives  of  my  own  name  beyond  an  aged  mother  and  a 
maiden  sister — being,  in  fact,  the  last  of  my  race  and  a  bachelor  to  boot,  my  sources  of  information 
as  to  the  historj^  of  my  family  v.-ere  so  few  in  number,  and  so  scant  in  detail,  that  I  considered  it 
would  be  advisaijle,  before  seeking  the  immediate  locality  of  my  ancestors,  to  check  off  the  genea- 
logical scraps  in  my  possession,  principally  of  an  oral  and  legendary  character,  with  that  never-to- 
be-doubted  record,  the  Parish  Register. 

"  In  cai-rying  out  this  resolution  1  realized  '  the  piu-suit  of  knowledge  under  difficulties,'  for, 

*  An  old  sailor  once  told  me,  almost  in  the  same  breath,  that  he  had  "  sarvecl"  on  board  the  Billy-Rough-un 
(Bellerophon) ;  and  that  he  had  seen  J/usler  Abi-aham  Packer  (Ibrahim  Pacha). 

t  Inf.  Rev.  J.  Eastwood. 


XX  CHANGED  SURNAMES. 

on  making  known  my  wants  to  the  functionary  of  Glammis,  and  furnishing  mj^  name,  he  drew 
forth  a  shabbj'  volume,  and  therefrom  responses  of  such  a  startling  character,  as  to  leave  me 
in  considerable  doubt  between  mj-  belief  in  the  oracular  quality  usually  ascribed  to  such  records, 
and  my  own  identity.  The  first  entry  turned  up  by  the  worthy  interpreter,  and  assigned  to  my 
familylj  was  the  birth,  Feb.  6,  1767,  of 

'  Margai'et  Gairden,  lawful  daughter  of  Alex.  Gairden,  Nether  3fiddleton.' 

The  date  of  this  event  and  everj'thing  else  but  the  orthographj'  of  the  name  agreeing,  I  was 
obliged  to  accept  it  for  what  it  undoubtedly  was — the  registry  of  my  father's  elder  sister.  Mutter- 
ing to  myself  that  here  was,  at  all  events,  something  like. an  approach  to  a  reconciliation  of  my 
written  name  of  Gardyne  with  the  pronounced  one  of  Gairn,  the  next  turned  up  by  the  old  gentle- 
man and  presented  to  me,  as  one  of  the  said  family,  was  thus  recorded: — 

'Born  Oct.  30,  17G8,  David  Dalgairns,  law'ul  son  of  Alex.  Dalgairns,  Wether  Middleton.' 

'  Beheading '  this,  I  got  my  pronounced  name  at  once ;  but  what  i  s  more  surprising  is,  that  on  referring 
to  my  own  memoranda  I  was  satisfied  that  the  said  David  Dalgairns  was  my  own  father^  the 
brother  of  iMargaret  Gairden,  and  both  the  children  of  the  worthy  farmer  at  Nether  INIiddleton, 
calling  himself,  or  rather  being  called  by  the  sessions  clerk  of  the  day  both  Gairden  and  Dalgairns  ; 
and,  as  if  this  confusion  Avere  not  enough,  the  said  David  Dalgairns  bearmg  himself  in  later  life, 
and  handing  down  to  the  next  generation,  the  name  of  Gardyne  !  " 

My  correspondent  goes  on  to  inform  me  that  he  has  discovered  the  additional 
forms  of  Garden.,  Gam,  Gardin,  Gardne,  Ganie,  Dalgarn,  Dalganier,  Dalgaj^dns, 
Dalgardyne,  and  Dalga7^na,  all  springing  of  course  from  Garden,  with  or  without  its 
medieval  prefix  Del.  And  I  may  add,  from  the  information  of  I\fr.  William  Jerdan 
M.R.S.L.,  &c.,  that  his  family  and  that  of  Jardine  were  identical,  both  names  being 
additional  jwoducts  of  the  fertile  Garden ! 

15.  In  my  former  work  will  be  found  a  chapter  on  Changed  Surnames.  To 
wliat  is  there  said,  I  would  add  a  few  words  on  the  practice  prevalent  in  the  middle 
ages,  of  ecclesiastics,  esj^ecially  the  regulars,  forsaking  their  ancestral  names,  and 
adopting  either  the  name  of  the  place  in  which  they  were  born,  or  that  of  some  dis- 
tinguished angel,  samt,  or  father  of  the  church.  Being  civiliter  mortui,  dead  to  the 
■world,  they  assumed,  with  their  spiritual  life,  a  new  name.*  The  following  is  a 
remarkable  set  of  instances  : — 

On  October  17,  1537,  tlie  religious  fraternity  of  Wlnchcombe,  co.  Gloucester, 
consisted  of  the  abbot  and  seventeen  monks,  who,  as  parties  to  a  document  of  small 
importance  executed  that  day,  sign  themselves  by  their  assumed  or  spiritual  names. 
On  December  3,  1539,  little  more  than  two  years  later,  when  they  executed  their  deed 
of  surrender  to  Henry  VIll.,  laying  aside  these  designations,  tliey  sign  in  their  secular 
or  civil  names,  as  shown  below : — 


Bond  of  Oct.  17,  1537. 
Eicardus  Ancelmus,  Abhas 
Johannes  Augustinus,  P?'io?' 
Willelmus  Oinersley 
Johannes  Gabriel 
Ricardus  Angelus 
Willelmus  IMaurus 
Willelmus  Overbury 
Hugo  E"winus 
Ricardus  Barnardus 
Ricardus  Llartinus 
Georgius  Lconardus 
Johannes  Anthonius 
Gulielmus  Ilieronymus 
Christoferus  Benedictus 
Walterus  Aldelmus 
Richardus  INlichahel 
Willelmus  Kenelnms 
Ricardus  Ambrosius 


Surrende7\  Dec.  3,  1539. 
Richard  IMounslow,  last  Ahhot 
John  Hancock,  Pi-ioi' 
William  Craker 
John  yriialley 
Richard  Freeman 
William  Blossom 
William  Bradley 
Hugh  Cowper 
Richard  Boidon 
Richard  Parker 
George  Too 

William  Trcntliam 
Christopher  Chawnfut 
"Walter  Cowper 
Richard  Williams 
^^  Illiam  Howard 
Richard  Banister.f 


*  Alban  Eutlcr  remarks  tliat  this  is  clone,  "partly  to  express  their  obligation  to  become  ne^v  men,  and  partly 
to  put  tliemselvcs  under  the  special  patronage  of  certain  saints,  whose  examples  they  propose  to  themselves  for 
theii'  models." — Lives  of  the  Saints,  June  29. 

t  Communicated  to  the  Archaeological  Journal,  by  Albert  Way,  Esq.,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 


SCOTCH  SURNAMES.  xxi 

My  former  researches  -were  devoted  almost  exclusively  to  English  family  names. 
The  present  volume  Includes  those  of  the  other  '  nationalities,'  which  with  England 
make  up  the  United  Kingdom.  A  few  remarks  on  Scotch,  Welsh,  and  Irish  surnames 
therefore  seem  necessary  here. 

SCOTCH  SURNAMES. 

These  range  themselves  under  two  classes ;  those  of  the  Highlands,  and  those  of 
the  Lowland  Counties.  The  surnames  of  the  Celtic,  or  Highland,  population  are 
chiefly  of  the  patronymical  class,  and  known  by  the  prefix  Mac.  A  large  number  of 
these,  through  the  courtesy  of  gentlemen  who  had  taken  the  trouble  to  collect  them, 
I  have  been  enabled  to  print  in  the  dictionary.  With  these  names  I  have  etymologi- 
cally  little  to  do.  They  are  simply  Christian  names  with  the  patronymical  prefix,  and 
it  is  no  part  of  my  plan  to  explain  those  designations,  which  belong  to  a  more  recon- 
dite branch  of  etymology  than  I  have  yet  investigated,  and  about  which  even  Gaelic 
philologists  are  frequently  "  wide  as  the  poles  asunder."*  Had  I  followed  the  advice 
of  some  of  my  esteemed  friends  and  correspondents  beyond  the  Tweed,  I  should  have 
omitted  Scottish  surnames  altogether  from  this  work.  However  profane  the  act  of  a 
Southron's  meddling  with  the  northern  nomenclature  may  be  considered,  with  mo  it 
was  a  matter  of  all  but  absolute  necessity  that  I  should  bring  in  as  many  as  I  could 
collect  of  Scottish  surnames,  for  the  simple  reason  that  they  are  borne  by  many  thou- 
sands of  English  families  whose  ancestors,  at  a  period  more  or  less  remote,  crossed  the 
Cheviots  and  the  Tweed,  and  became  de  facto  Englishmen.  What,  I  ask,  would  be 
thought  of  a  Dictionary  of  English  Surnames  that  did  not  admit  within  its  covers  the 
names  of  Stuart,  Campbell,  Murray,  Macpherson,  Bruce,  Douglas,  and  Erskine  ! 

Scottish  surnames  are  doubtless  a  difficult  subject  to  deal  with,  and  this  23rincipally 
by  reason  of  the  system  of  clanship  so  long  prevalent  in  that  kingdom.  In  Scotland 
whoever  joined  a  particular  clan,  no  matter  what  his  position  or  descent,  assumed  the 
surname  of  his  chief,  and  this  was  accepted  as  an  act  of  loyalty.  In  England,  had 
any  retainer  of  a  feudal  baron  joresumed  to  do  such  a  thing,  he  would  soon  have  found 
himself  at  the  bottom  of  the  deepest  dungeon  of  the  castle  ! 

A  clan,,  therefore,  is  a  vei'y  different  thing  from  a  family.  When  the  system  of 
Clanship  originated  is  unknown.  Nothing  certain  is  known  of  it  by  documentary  evi- 
dence before  the  year  1450,  although  the  genealogies  of  many  who  were  then  chiefs  of 
clans  may  be  traced  to  much  earlier  periods.  See  Skene,  passm.  It  is  probable  that 
no  two  enumerations  of  claus  would  correspond  with  each  other,  and  the  whole  sub- 
ject is  involved  in  considerable  obscurity,  as  their  historian  himself  frankly  confesses. 
The  following  list  of  clans  is  quoted  as  one  of  the  latest  that  have  appeared  in 
print  :  — 

LIST    OP    HIGHLAND    CLANS. 


Buchanan 

Forbes 

Mac  Donnell 

Slac  Lean 

Cameron 

Fraser 

Mac  Farlane 

Mac  Leod 

Campbell 

Gordon 

Mac  Dougal 

Mac  Nab 

Chishohn 

Graham 

Mac  Gregor 

Mac  Neil 

Colquhoun 

Grant 

Mac  Intosh 

JMac  Pherson 

Gumming 

Gunn 

Mac  Kay 

Mac  Quarrie 

Drunimond 

Lamont 

Mac  Kenzie 

Mac  Rae 

Farquharson 

IMacalister 

]\Iac  Kinnoa 

iNIunro 

Ferguson 

Mac  Donald 

Mac  Lachlan 

IMenzies 

*  In  a  few  instances  1  have  given  the  etj-nions  of  Gaelic  names  as  supplied  to  me  by  the  courtesy  of  corres- 
pondents. If  they  sliould  he  found  incorrect,  the  fault  belongs  to  Celtic  rather  than  to  South-Saxon 
ignorance. 


xxil  WELSH  SURNAMES. 

Murray  Oliphant  Rose  Sinclair 

Ogilvie  Robertson  Ross  Stewart 

Sutherland  * 

Some  of  these  bear  undoubted  evidence  of  being,  at  least  as  to  their  names,  any- 
thing but  of  Celtic  origin,  as  Mr.  Skene  has  sufficiently  shown. 

The  Lowland  and  Border  clans  were  formed  in  imitation  of  the  Gaelic,  but  the 
family  names  of  these  districts  are  in  principle  and  classification  precisely  analogous  to 
those  of  England. 

The  introduction  of  surnames  into  Lowland  Scotland  seems,  as  in  England,  to  have 
been  chiefly  brought  about  by  Norman  influence  and  example.  No  precise  period  can 
be  assigned  for  it.  As  in  the  case  of  most  fashions,  the  adoption  was  gradual.  Many 
of  the  Norman  noblesse  who  had  brought  family  names  across  the  Channel  not  long 
after  the  Conquest,  transferred  themselves  to  North  Britain,  and  of  course  did  not  drop 
those  designations  into  the  river  Tweed.  It  is  asserted  in  Father  Augustin  Hay's 
"  Genealogie  of  the  Sainteclairs,"  that  King  Malcolm  Canmore  called  a  general  council 
at  Forfar,  in  1 06 1 ,  in  which  he  directed  his  chief  subjects,  after  the  custom  of  other 
nations,  to  adopt  names  from  their  territorial  possessions.  (Volcns  ut  Primores,  quod 
antea  uon  fuerat,  aliarum  more  gentium,  a  prjedils  suis  cognomina  caperent).f  I  can- 
not say,  however,  that  I  have  seen  any  proof  of  territorial  surnames  in  Scotland  before 
the  XII.  century,  and  they  are  certainly  unusual  before  the  XIII. 


WELSH  SURNAMES. 

The  Welsh,  like  most  of  the  other  Celtic  nations,  adopted  Patronymics  by  way  of  sur- 
names. The  prefix  Ajy,  applied  to  the  father's  baptismal  designation,  showed  the  filial 
relation,  and  was  contmued  through  every  link  of  the  longest  pedigree.  Henry  VIII. 
discountenanced  this  unfixed  nomenclature,  and,  during  his  and  the  succeeding  reigns, 
the  name  of  the  father  or  of  some  earlier  ancestor  began  to  be  adopted  by  gentle 
families.  Hence,  nearly  the  whole  of  the  fiimily  names  of  the  Principality  are  derived 
from  Christian  names ;  and  hence  the  great  frequency  of  Jones,  Williams,  Evans, 
Thomas,  Morgan,  Davis,  &c. 

But,  until  within  quite  recent  times,  say  about  the  beginning  of  the  present  cen- 
tury j'the  practice  of  using  simple  patronymics  prevailed  in  the  southern  counties  of  the 
principality;  in  other  words  the  baptismal  name  of  the  father  was  the  surname  of  the 
son. 

Thus,  if  Morgan  Richards  had  three  sons  ;  John,  William,  and  Griffith,  they 
would  be  John  Morgan,  AYilliam  Morgan,  and  Griffith  Morgan. 

John  Morgan's  two  sons,  Peter  and  James,  would  be  Peter  Jones  and  James  Jones. 

William  Morgan's  two  sons,  Job  and  Abel,  would  be  Job  Williams  and  Abel  Wil- 
liams. 

And  Grifiath  Morgan's  tM'O  sons,  Howel  and  Cadwallader,  would  be  Howell  Grif- 
fiths and  Cadwallader  Griffiths. 

About  the  year  1825,  at  the  Hereford  assizes,  a  witness  in  a  Welsh  cause  was  ex- 
amined before  Mr.  Justice  Allan  Park.  His  name  was  John  Jones.  He  was  asked  if 
he  had  always  gone  bv  that  name,  and  he  said  he  had.  He  was  then  asked  Avhether  at 
the  time  when  he  lived  at  Carmarthen,  he  did  not  go  by  the  name  of  Evan  Evans,  and 

*  Folks  of  Shields,  p.  9G. 

t  Gen.  Suinteclau-e,  p.  3.    See  also  art.  Seton  in  this  Diet. 


IRISH  SURNAMES.  xxiii 

to  this  lie  replied  in  tlie  affirmative.  This  apparent  discrepancy  was  explained  to  tlie 
court  by  Mr,  Taunton  (afterwards  Sir  William  Taunton,  and  a  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  King's  Bench),  who  stated  that  Evan  is  the  Welsh  synonym  of  John,  and  Evans 
that  of  Jones ;  and  that  John  Jones  might  be  called  indifferently  Evan  Jones,  John 
Evans,  or  Evan  Evans,  without  any  real  change  of  name.* 


IRISH  SURNAMES. 

These  are  formed  after  the  Celtic  method  by  the  prefixes  O'  and  3fac,  the  former 
being,  however,  by  far  the  most  usual.     See  O,  In  the  body  of  the  work. 

The  word  0\  signifying  grandfather,  or  more  loosely  any  ancestor,  appears  to 
have  been  in  use  in  times  of  remote  antiquity.  In  some  instances  the  name  of  the 
progenitor  became  fixed  and  stationary  as  a  family  name  by  the  addition  of  this 
prefix  so  early  as  the  XL  century.  This  was  chiefly  in  noble  and  distinguished 
families;  and  O'Brien,  O'Mahony,  O'Donohoe,  O' Donovan,  O'Dugan  maybe  mentioned 
as  examples  of  surnames  adopted  at  that  early  period,  at  the  instance  of  King  Brian 
Boru.  See  Eng.  Surn.  ii.  67.  In  some  few  cases  the  prefix  3fac  can  be  traced  to  a 
like  antiquity. 

These  patronymics  formed  the  staple  of  Irish  family  nomenclature  until  the  con- 
quest of  Ireland  by  the  Anglo-Normans  In  the  reign  of  Henry  II.  At  that  epoch 
many  non-Celtic  surnames  were  introduced  by  the  followers  of  Strongbow,  and  some 
of  their  descendants  adopting  the  Irish  manners,  costumes,  and  language,  became  more 
Irish  than  Irishmen — Hibernis  ipsis  Hibeniores,  and  went  so  far,  especially  In  the  pro- 
vince of  Coiuiaught,  as  to  translate  their  names  ;  while  on  the  other  hand  many  of  the 
L'ishmen  In  more  immediate  contact  with  their  Conquerors  adopted  English  names. 
The  FItzGeralds,  the  Butlers,  the  Costellos,  the  Nangles,  the  Gibbons,  the  Burkes,  the 
Carews,  the  D'Altons,  the  De  Courcys,  the  Graces,  the  Husseys,  and  scores  of  other 
families,  many  of  Avhom  exhibited  a  strong  Irish  nationality,  sprang  from  England  at 
and  after  the  period  alhxded  to. 

In  1465  (5.  Edward  IV.)  a  legislative  enactment  took  place,  commanding  the 
Irish  who  dwelt  in  the  counties  of  Dublin,  Meath,  Uriell,  and  Kildare,  to  adopt 
"  English  Surname,"  either  that  of  a  town,  as  Sutton,  Chester,  Trym,  Corke,  Kinsale, 
^-that  of  colour,  as  "White,  Blacke,  Browne — that  of  arte  or  science,  as  Smith  or 
Carpenter— that  of  office,  as  Cooke,  Butler,  and  the  like.  How  far  this  mandate  was 
obeyed  we  know  not.  Such  English  Surnames  are  of  course  abundant  in  Ireland,  but 
whether  many  of  them  can  be  attributed  to  legislation  is  extremely  doubtful,  since 
there  has  always  been  a  considerable  immigration  of  English  and  Scotchmen  into  the 
sister  island,  to  say  nothing  of  the  voluntary  adoption  of  English  names  In  dilTerent 
ages. 

A  correspondent  (Wm.  J.  O'Donnavan,  Esq.)  has  furnished  me  with  a  list  of  sur- 
names apparently  derived  from  places  in  Ireland.  The  Indigenous  Irish  were  prouder 
of  the  ancestral  patronymic  than  of  territorial  names,  and  therefore  the  number  of 
this  class  Is  extremely  small.  And  even  from  that  small  number  deductions  must  be 
made  :  First — of  those  names  which  are  taken  from  peerage  titles,  such  as  Desmond, 
Galtrym,  Howthe,  Naas,  and  Swordes,  which  were  but  aliases  for  FItzGerald,  Hussey, 
St.  Lawrence,  FItzGerald,  and  Croly.  Also  Kildare,  Kilkenny,  Ormond,  and  DeAsy  : 
Secondly — of  those  which,  though  Identical  with  names  of  places  in  Ireland,  have  really 

*  Inf.  F.  A.  Carrington,  Esq.    See  some  curious  anecdotes  on  this  subject  in  English  Surnames,  vol.  i.,  p.  18. 


xxiv  STATISTICS  OF  SURNAMES. 

imposed  those  names  on,  instead  of  taking  them  from,  the  localities,  such  as  Avchdall, 
(Castle- Archdall)  and  Devenish  (Court-Devenish)  both  English  names  and  families  : 
Thirdly — of  those  that  are  corruptions  of  indigenous  patronymics,  and  have  no  con- 
nection with  the  places  whose  designations  they  resemble,  as  Carbery,  Ennis,  and 
Shannon.  Thus  expurgated,  Mr.  O'Donnavan's  list  stands  as  under,  and  it  is  quite 
probable  that  it  is  susceptible  of  still  further  pruning  : — ■ 

"  Names  before  1600.  Adare,  Attry,  Cashell,  Callan,  Derpatrick,  Dromgoole  or 
Drumgould,  Finglas,  Galway,  Galbally,  Malofant,  Orlell  or  Uriell,  Pallis. 

"  Names  in  p?-esent  use.  Antrim,  Annaly,  Ardagh,  Augrhim,  Banaher,  Corballis, 
Corbally,  Cork,  Corrigans,  Derry,  Durrow,  Dangan,  Fingal,  Femes,  Gorey,  Gowran, 
Golden,  Kerry,  Killery,  Kenlis,  Kells,  Killarney,  Killeen,  Kyle,  Limerick,  Lusk, 
Longford,  Meath,  ]\Ionaghan,  Meelick,  Prehen,  Sligo,  Slane,  Skryne,  Tuyan,  Tyrone. 

"  Names  of  doubtful  origin.  Clare,  Down,  Den,  Holy  wood,  Louth,  Mayo,  Moyne, 
Money,  Rush,  Ross,  Slaney,  Sutton,  Shaen.  These  are  as  likely  to  have  been  assumed 
from  English  as  from  Irish  localities." 

Dr.  0'Do)iovan's  researches,  referred  to  at  page  v.  ante,  leave  little  to  be  desired 
as  to  the  history  and  classification  of  Surnames  in  Ireland;  while  Mr.  D 'Alton's 
"  King  James's  Irish  Army  List '' — of  which,  I  learn,  a  new  edition  has  lately  ap- 
peared— will  afford  much  valuable  information  on  the  subject  of  Irish  families,  their 
fortunes,  and  their  misfortunes. 


III. 

Btatistirs  of  .guvnanic^. 

OME  Statistics  relative  to  the  subject  of  this  volume    naturally  find    a 
place  here. 

First— as  to  the  Number  of  these  vocables.     It  will  possibly  astonish 

most  readers,  to  be  told  that  this  is  as  great  as  that  of  the  words  composing 

our  language.  According  to  the  best  authorities,  the  number  of  words  in  the  English 
toncrue  (if  we  reject  the  obsolete  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  technical  and  the  un- 
authorized on  the  other)  amounts  to  about  thirty-five  thousand.  Now  there  is  good 
reason  for  accepting  the  calculation  of  the  Rev.  Mark  Noble,  based  upon  a  proximately 
ascertained  enumeration  of  the  surnames  of  which  A  is  the  initial  letter  (1500),  and 
the  proportion  which  that  letter  is  foxmd  to  bear  to  the  other  letters  of  the  alphabet, 
that  the  number  of  English  surnames  must  amount  to  between  thirty  and  forty 
thousand.*  And  if  we  add  in  the  Irish,  Scottish,  and  other  non-English  family  names 
which  come  within  the  scope  of  the  present  undertaking,  we  may  safely  assume  that 
Mr.  Noble's  estimate  rather  falls  short  of  than  exceeds  the  truth. 

This  calculation,  roughly  made  many  years  since,  has  recently  received  singular 

*  Hist.  Coll.  Arms.  Prelim.  Dissert. 


STATISTICS  OF  SURNAMES.  xxv 

corroboration  in  a  most  trustworthy  quarter— the  sixteenth  Annual  Report  of  Her 
Majesty's  Registrar-General,  printed  in  185G.  By  the  courtesy  of  that  gentleman 
I  am  allowed  to  reproduce  the  following  statements,  the  result  of  a  careful  official 
analysis. 

"  The  probable  number  of  surnames  in  England  and  Wales  has  been  the  subject  of 
conjectural  estimates  based  on  a  small  collection  of  facts.  By  the  careful  collation  of  all 
the  registration  indexes  it  could  be  approximately  ascertained  ;  for  during  a  period  of  more 
than  seventeen  years  it  is  probable  that  almost  every  resident  family  contributed  to  the 
registers  an  entry  of  birth,  death,  or  marriage.  The  task  of  collating  upwards  of  two 
hundred  immense  quarterly  indexes  would,  however,  involve  a  vast  amount  of  labour  with- 
out any  commensurate  result;  moreover  tbe  number  of  names  is  constantly  varying, 
owing,  on  the  one  hand,  to  emigration,  or  to  the  extinction  of  families  by  death,  and  on 
the  other,  to  the  introduction  of  fresh  names  by  foreigners  and  immigrants,  to  the  corrup- 
tion of  existing  names  always  going  on  amongst  the  illiterate,  and  to  various  other  circum- 
stances. I  have  ascertained  the  number  of  difierent  surnames  contained  in  one  quarterly 
index  of  births,  and  in  another  of  deaths  ;  the  former  selected  with  reference  to  the  period 
of  the  last  census,  and  the  latter  without  premeditation.  The  following  are  the 
results  : — 

Persons  Different 

registered.  surnames. 

Births.     Quarter  ending  31st  March,  1851     ....    157,286  25,028 

Deaths.    Quarter  ending  31st  March,  1853     ....    118,119  20,991 

"  According  to  these  numbers,  there  were  for  every  100  of  the  births  registered  about 
16  different  surnames,  and  for  every  100  of  the  deaths  about  18,  reckoning  every  surname 
with  a  distinctive  spelling,  however  slightly  it  may  differ  from  others,  as  a  separate 
surname.  Taking  the  two  indexes  together,  and  by  a  careful  collation  eliminating  all 
duplicates,  the  numbers  stand  thus  : — 

Persons  Different  Different  surnames  to  Persons  to 

registered.  surnames.  every  100  persons.  07ie  surname. 

275,405  32,818  11-9  8-4 

"  An  alphabetical  list  of  32,818  surnames,  the  largest  collection  yet  made,  is  thus 
obtained  ;  and  as  this  result  is  furnished  by  two  quarterly  indexes  only,  it  may  be  assumed 
as  a  rough  estimate  that  the  whole  number  in  England  and  "Wales  is  between  thirty-Jive 
and/o7'ti/  thousand.  It  is  important,  however,  to  remember  that  the  list  includes  a  large 
number  derived  from  the  same  roots  as  others,  commonly  agreeing  in  sound,  but  differing 
in  orthography  often  only  to  the  extent  of  a  single  added  or  substituted  letter.  By  these 
trifling  variations  the  number  is  immensely  increased.  The  name  of  Clerk,  for  instance,  is 
also  commonl}^  spelt  Ctai'h  and  Clarhe,  one  and  the  same  primary  name  (from  clericns') 
being  implied  in  the  three  forms  ;  but  three  separate  items  necessarily  appear  in  the  list, 
for  practically  as  surnames  they  represent  different  and  distinct  persons  and  families. 
Again,  the  widely  spi-ead  name  of  Smith  appears  in  family  uomenclature  also  as  Smyth, 
Smythe,  and  even  as  Smijth.  It  is  not  usual,  however,  to  regard  these  diverse  forms  as  re- 
presenting one  name  only,  nor  would  their  bearers  probably  all  concur  in  admitting  the 
common  origin  of  the  several  variations.  Until  a  comparatively  recent  period,  an  entire 
disregard  of  uniformity  and  precision  in  the  mode  of  spelling  family  names  prevailed,  even 
amongst  the  educated  classes,  and  many  famil}'  Bibles  and  writings  might  be  adduced  as 
evidence  that  this  was  apparently  less  the  result  of  carelessness  than  of  affectation  or 
design.  ^Miile  the  sound  was  in  a  great  measure  preserved,  the  number  of  different  sur- 
names became  greatly  multiplied  by  these  slight  orthographical  variations,  as  well  as  by 
other  corruptions ;  and  if,  in  reckoning  the  number,  each  original  patronymic  with  its 
modifications  were  counted  as  one,  the  list  of  32,818  would  be  considerably  reduced.* 

"The  contribution  of  Wales  to  the  number  of  surnames,  as  may  be  inferred  from  what 
has  been  already  stated,  is  very  small  in  proportion  to  its  population.  Perhaps  nine-tenths 
of  our  countrymen  in  the  Principality  could  be  mustered  under  less  than  100  different  sur- 
names!;  ^iid  while  in  England  there  is  no  reduiadancy  of  surnames,  there  is  obviously  a 
paucity  of  distinctive  appellatives  in  Wales,  where  the  frequency  of  such  names  as  Jones, 
Williams,  Davics,  Evans,  and  others,  almost  defeats  the  primary  object  of  a  name,  which 
is  to  distinguish  an  individual  from  the  mass.  It  is  only  by  adding  his  occupation,  place 
of  abode,  or  some  other  special  designation,  that  a  particular  person  can  be  identified  when 
spoken  of,  and  confusion  avoided  in  the  ordinary  affairs  of  life.  The  name  of  John  Jones 
is  a  perpetual  incognito  in  Wales,  and  being  proclaimed  at  the  cross  of  a  mai'ket  town 
would  indicate  no  one  in  particular.  A  partial  remedy  for  this  state  of  things  would 
perhaps  be  found  in  the  adoption  of  a  more  extended  range  of  Christian  names,  if  the 

*  The  reader  will  bear  in  mind  that  the  Registrar-General's  functions  are  limited  to  England  .nnd  Wales 
only. 

t  "  Of  the  328  Registration  OfiBcers  and  their  deputies  acting  in  the  districts  of  Wales  207  are  comprised 
under  17  surnames,  in  the  following  proportions ;  viz:  Jones  46,  WiUiams  'IG,  Davies\C\,  EvansX^,  TliomasX'j, 
Koberts  14,  Leicis  11,  Hughes  10,  Edu-ards  9,  Lloyd  S,  James  G,  Griffith  G,  Morgan  C,  Rces  C,  Owen  5,  Morris  4, 
Ellis  i.    There  is  only  one  officer  of  the  name  of  Smith  (!)" 


XXVI 


STATISTICS  OF  SURNAMES. 


Welsh  people  could  be  iuduced  to  overcome  their  unwillingness  to  depart  from  ancient 
customs,  so  far  as  to  forego  the  use  of  the  scripturcal  and  other  common  names  usually 
given  to  their  children  at  baptism." 

I  am  authorised  to  state,  that  in  some  early  Report  the  Registrar- General  will 
print  a  list  of  all  the  Surnames  of  England  and  Wales  occurring  in  the  ofBcial  indexes 
of  a  single  year.    This  will  necessarily  be  a  document  of  great  curiosity  and  interest. 

The  reader,  seeing  that  we  possess  certainly  mox'e  than  30,000  surnames,  will 
naturally  ask  why  this  volume  should  contain  less  than  one  half  of  that  number.  This 
I  shaU  hereafter  have  occasion  to  apologise  for  and  to  explain. 

Secondly — as  to  the  comparative  commonness  of  our  most  frequently  occurring 
surnames,  the  Registrar-General  furnishes  the  following  information: — 

"  The  subjoined  Table  of  50  of  the  most  common  surnames  in  England  and  Wales  is 
derived  from  9  quarterly  indexes  of  births,  8  of  deaths,  and  8  of  marriages;  and 
although  the  inquiry  might  have  been  extended  over  a  more  lengthened  period,  it  was 
found  that  the  results  were  in  general  so  constant  as  to  render  a  further  investigation  un- 
necessary. When  arranged  according  to  the  numbers  in  each  index,  the  names  appeared 
almost  always  in  the  same  order,  and  the  variations,  when  they  occurred,  rarely  affected 
the  position  of  a  name  beyond  one  or  two  places.  These  50  names  embraced  nearly  18  in 
every  100  persons  registered.  The  three  names  at  the  head  of  the  list,  S?nit7t,  Jones,  and 
Williams,  are,  it  will  be  observed,  greatly  in  advance  of  the  others;  and  if  the  numbers 
may  be  taken  as  an  index  of  the  whole  population,  it  would  appear  that  on  an  average  one 
person  in  every  28  would  answer  to  one  or  other  of  these  three  names." 


Table  X■^^.^FI^TT  of  the  most  common  Surnames  in  England  and  Wales,  -with  the  ag'gregate  Nmnber  of  each 
entered  in  the  Indexes  of  Bh-ths,  Deaths,  and  Marriages  in  the  Year  ending  30th  June  1838,  of  Births  in  the 
Quarter  ending  31st  March,  1851,  and  of  Buths,  Deaths,  and  Marriages  in  the  Year  1853. 


Number 

Number 

SURNAMES. 

of  Entries 
of  each 

SURNAMES. 

of  Entries 
of  each 

Surname. 

Surname. 

1 

Smith 

33,557 

26 

Harris    - 

7,042 

2 

Jones 

33,341 
21,936 

27 

Clark 

6,920 

3 

AVILLIAJIS 

28 

Cooper    - 

G,742 

4 

Taylor    - 

16,775 

29 

Harrison 

6,399 

5 

Davies     - 

14,083 

30 

Davis 

6,205 

6 

Brown    - 

11,343 

31 

WARD 

e,0S4 

7 

TnOMAS    - 

13,017 

32 

Baker     - 

6,013 

8 

Evans 

12,555 

33 

MARTIN     - 

5,898 

9 

Roberts  - 

10,617 

34 

Morris    - 

5,888 

10 

Johnson  - 

9,468 

35 

James 

5,755 

11 

ROBIXSON- 

9,045 

36 

Morgan  - 

5,691 

12 

WlLSON      - 

8.917 

37 

King 

6,661 

13 

Wright  - 

S,47G 

38 

ALLIiN        - 

5,468 

14 

Wood 

8,238 

39 

Clarke    - 

5,309 

15 

Hall 

8,188 

40 

Cook 

6,300 

IG 

Walker  - 

8,088 

41 

Moore     - 

5,269 

17 

Hughes   - 

8,010 

42 

Parker   - 

5,230 

18 

Green     - 

7,996 

43 

Price 

5,219 

19 

Lewis 

7,959 

44 

Phillips  - 

5,124 

20 

Edatards 

7,916 

45 

Watson  - 

4,771 

21 

Thompson 

7,839 

46 

Shaw 

4,759 

22 

White 

7,808 

47 

Lee 

4,731 

23 

Jackson  - 

7,659 

48 

Bennett  - 

4,671 

24 

Turner   - 

7,549 

49 

Carter    - 

4,648 

25 

Hill 

7,192 

50 

Griffiths 

Total    - 

4,639 

440,911 

The  Registrar  General  makes  some  pertinent  remarks  on  the  grouping  of  these 
familiar  surnames.  "It  seems,"  he  says,  "that  of  the  50  most  common  names  more 
than  half  are  derived  from  the  Christian  or  fore-name  of  the  father,  and  they  are  lite- 
rally s?>e-names  or  sirnamcs"    Thirteen  are  derived  from  employments  and  occupa- 


STATISTICS  OF  SURNAINIES. 


xxvu 


bions ;  seven  from  locality ;  two  from  peculiarities  of  colour — Brown  and  White. 
King,  the  thirty-seventh  in  point  of  commonness,  stands  the  sole  representative  of  its 
class. 


Table  XVII.— Fifty  of  the  most  CoroiON  Scrnajies  in  England  and 

Wales,  arranged  with  reference 

to  tlieii-  Origin 

Numbers 

Numbers 

Numbers 

SURNAMES. 

(from  the 

SURNAMES. 

(from  the 

SURNAMES. 

(from  the 

foregoing 

foregoing 

foregoing 

Table). 

Table). 

Table). 

Derived  from 

Christian 

Derived  from  Chrtstian 

Derived  from  Locality. 

or  FonENAMEa. 

or  Forenames — conl. 

Wood 

8,238 

Jones 

33,341 

Phillips 

5,124 

Hall  - 

8,188 

Williams 

21,936 

Watson 

4,771 

Green 

7,996 

Davies 

14,9S3 

Bennett 

4,671 

Hill  - 

7,192 

Thomas 

13,017 

Griffiths       - 

4,639 

Moore 

5,269 

Evans 

19  .'tST 

X^j'JOO 

(27  Names)    - 

246,032 

Shaw 

4,759 

Roberts 

10,617 

Lee  - 

4,731 

Johnson 

9,468 

Derived  from  Occupa- 



Robinson 

9,045 

tions. 

(7  Names) 

46,373 

Wilson 
Hughes 

8,917 
8,010 

Smith 

33,557 

Tavlor 

16,775 

Derived  from  Personal 

Lewis 

7,059 

Wright 

8,476 

Peccliaritles. 

Edwards 

7,916 

Walker 

8,088 

Thompson 

7.S39 

Turner 

7,549 

Brown 

14,346 

Jackson 

7,659 

■\\niite 

7,803 

Harris 

7,043 

Clark 

6,920 

Cooper 

6,742 

(2  Names) 

22,154 

Han-ison 
Davis 

6.399 
6,205 

AVard 
Baker 

6,084 
6,013 

Martin 

5,S98 

Clarke 

5,309 

From  other  Circum- 

Morris 

5,SSS 

stances. 

James 

5,755 

Cook 

5,300 

Parker 

5,230 

Kiug 

5,661 

Morgan 

Allen 

Price 

5,091 
5,463 
5,L'19 

Carter 

4,648 

- 

(13  Names)    - 

120,691 

Total  - 

440,911 

Under  the  article  Smith  in  this  dictionary,  I  have  given  the  Registrar- General's 
statistics  of  the  two  preat  names  Smith  and  Jones.  I  shall  here  add  his  table  which 
shows  first,  the  estimated  number  of  persons  bearing  each  of  tlie  50  names,  and  secondly, 
the  proportion  which  they  bear  to  the  population  of  England  and  "Wales.  It  will  be 
seen  that  one  person  in  every  73  is  a  Smith  ;  one  in  every  76  a  Jones  ;  and  one  in 
every  148  a  Taylor.  The  most  striking  feature,  perhaps,  of  this  table,  is,  the  exceed- 
ingly limited  monarchy  possessed  by  our  Kings  5  for  it  clearly  appears  that  if  all  the 
Kings  in  England  and  ^A^ales  should  come  to  an  understanding  to  divide  these  realms 
in  a  fair  and  equitable  manner,  each  monarch  could  claim  but  434  subjects.  In  other 
words,  every  four  hundred  and  thirty-fifth  man  amongst  us  is  a  King  ! 

It  is  observed  in  this  very  interesting  Report,  that  the  class  of  surnames  dei'ived 
from  occupations  is  peculiarly  instructive,  "  as  illustratuig  the  pursuits  and  customs  of 
our  forefathers  ;  many  of  them  furnish  evidence  of  a  state  of  society  impressed  with  the 
characteristics  of  feudal  times ;  and  not  a  few  are  derived  from  terms  connected 
with  the  amusements  of  the  chase  and  other  field  s^^orts  to  which  our  an- 
cestors were  so  ardently  attached.  Widely  different  would  be  a  national  nomenclature 
derived  from  the  leading  occupations  of  the  present  day.  The  thousands  emjsloyed 
in  connection  with  the  great  textile  manufactures  would  take  precedence  even  of  the 
Smiths ;  while  the  Taylors  would  give  place  to  the  shoemakers  (now  scarcely  recog- 
nisable under  the  not  common  surname  of  Sute?-.,  with  its  variations  Soutter,  Sowter, 
&c.)  as  well  as  to  the  Colliers,  the  Cwpenters,  the  Farmers,  and  others." 

I  must  remark,  however,  what  appears  to  have  escaped  the  notice  of  the  Registrar- 


XXVIU 


STATISTICS  OF  SURNAIMES. 


General,  that  the  Hosio's  go  to  swell  the  number  of  artizans  In  leather  (see  Hosier 
in  this  dictionary);  that  the  Colliers  of  old  times  were  not  pitmen,  but  were  makers 
of  charcoal ;  and  that  Farmer  as  applied  to  the  husbandman  is  a  word  that  has  come 
into  use  in  times  long  subsequent  to  the  introduction  of  surnames. 

"  The  Hawkers,  Falconers,  Bmvyers,  Fletchers,  Arroivsmiths,  Palmers,  Pilgrims, 
Friars,  and  Freres,  and  a  host  of  other  family  names,  derived  from  various  callings 
which  have  become  obsolete  in  this  country,  would  be  wanting." 


Table  XIX. — Estimated  Numbed  of  Persons  in  England  and  Wales  bearing  the  under-mentionccl  Fifty  most 
common  Suunajies.  (Deihicea  from  tlie  Indexes  of  the  Piegisters  of  I'-ii-tlis,  Dcatlis,  and  Marriages,  and  tho 
estunated  Population  in  the  Year  1803.) 


Estimated 

Of  the 

Estimated 

Of  the 

SURNAMES. 

Number 

of  Persons 

in  1803. 

entire 
Population 

SURNAMES. 

Number 

of  Persons 
la  1853. 

entire 
Popuhition 

One  in 

One  in 

Allen     - 

40,500 

454 

Lee 

35,200 

523 

Lewis 

58,000 

318 

Baker     - 

43,600 

422 

Benkett  - 

35,800 

514 

Martin    - 

43,900 

420 

Brown    - 

105,000 

174 

Moore     - 

39,300 

403 

Morgan  - 

41,000 

449 

Carter    - 

33,400 

551 

Morris    - 

43,400 

424 

Clark 

50,700 

363 

Clarke    - 

38,100 

4S3 

Parker   - 

39,100 

471 

Cook 

38,100 

483 

Phillips - 

37,900 

4SG 

Cooper    - 

48,400 

380 

Price 

37,900 

486 

Davies     - 

113,600 

162 

Roberts  - 

78,400 

235 

Davis 

43,700 

421 

Robinson- 

66,700 

276 

Edwards- 

58,100 

316 

Shaw 

36,500 

604 

Evans 

93,000 

198 

Smith 

253,600 

73 

Green 

59,400 

310 

Taylor    - 

124,400 

148 

Griffiths 

34,800 

529 

Thojias    - 

94,000 

196 

Thompson 

60,600 

304 

Hall 

60,400 

305 

Turner   - 

50,300 

327 

Harris    - 

51 ,900 

355 

Harrison 

47,200 

390 

AValker  - 

59,300 

310 

Hill 

52,200 

352 

W.VED 

45,700 

402 

Hughes   - 

59,000 

312 

WATSON    - 

34,800 

529 

White 

56,900 

323 

Jackson  - 

55,800 

330 

WILLLVMS 

159,900 

115 

James 

43,100 

427 

Wilson    - 

66,800 

275 

Johnson  - 

09.500 

205 

Wood 

61,200 

301 

Jones 

242,100 
42,300 

76 
435 

Wright  - 
Total  op  50  Surnames 

62,700 

293 

King 

3,253,800 

5-7 

The  subject  of  the  local  distribution  of  surnames  is  one  that  deserves  more  atten- 
tion than  it  has  received.  While  some  names  are  scattered  broad-cast  over  the 
kingdom,  others  are  almost  peculiar  to  some  county  or  lesser  district.  Not  to  mention 
the  famous  example  of  Tre,  Pol,  and  Pen  in  Cornwall,  we  may  almost  localize  the  ter- 
mination hurst  to  Sussex  and  Kent,  combe  to  Devonshire,  and  ilm-aite  to  Lancashire 
and  the  adjacent  counties,  because  in  those  districts  respectively  most  of  the  places 
•with  those  terminations  are  found.  But  this  is  not  always  confined  to  surnames 
derived  from  places.  Some  other  names  seem  to  adhere  to  the  district  which  gave 
them  birth  with  a  fond  tenacity,  as  I  have  elsewhere  had  occasion  to  observe.*  The 
locomotive  character  of  the  jn-esent  age  is,  however,  doing  much  to  alter  this,  and  to 
fuse  all  provincial  peculiarities  and  distinctions.  It  would  be  well,  therefore,  for  com- 
petent observers  in  various  parts  of  the  kingdom  to  record  the  habitats  of  particular 
names  ere  the  opportunity  now  existing  shall  have  passed  away. 


*  Contrib.  to  Literature,  p.  100. 


DOMESDAY  BOOK.  xxU 


IV. 


|3nnripal  (ttoUrrfions  of  ^uvnamrs. 


HE  main  sources  for  the  history   of  English  Surnames  may  be  briefly 

enumerated. 

Many  personal  or  baptismal  names  in  ixse   in  Anglo-Saxon  times, 

such  as  are  scattered  everywhere  up  and  down  in  the  Saxon  Chronicle, 
and  the  Codex  Diplomaticus,  became  in  course  of  time,  hereditary  or  family  appel- 
lations ;  but  sufficient  allusions  to  these  will  be  found  in  the  body  of  this  work,  and 
I  shall  therefore  limit  my  observations  on  this  subject  to  Domesday  Book  and  sub- 
sequent records. 

The  document  called  Domesday,  by  common  consent  allowed  to  be  the  finest 
national  record  in  Europe,  was  compiled  by  commissioners  appointed  by  "William  the 
Conqueror,  and  finished  about  the  1086.  It  is  a  faithful  summary  of  all  the  lands  of 
his  realm  (three  or  four  northern  counties  excepted),  and  contains  the  names  of  their 
proprietors.  Sir  Henry  Ellis's  General  Introduction  to  Domesday,  published  in  1833, 
contains  lists  of  all  the  tenants,  from  which  it  is  evident  that  surnames  of  the  heritable 
kind  were  very  unusual,  many  even  of  the  great  Norman  proprietors  being  entered 
simply  by  their  Christian  name,  or  by  that  accompanied  by  some  description,  and  some- 
times, as  we  have  before  seen,  one  and  the  same  tenant  is  called  by  different  names  in 
diflerent  places.  The  common  people  (except  in  a  few  isolated  cases  already  noticed) 
did  not  aspu-e  to  the  dignity  of  a  family  name.  As  a  specimen  of  the  descriptions 
rather  than  surnames  found  in  this  noble  Survey,  I  subjoin  an  extract  from  the 
Introduction,  of  under-tenants  bearing  the  baptismal  name  of  Ulf. 

Vlf  quidam  homo.  Buck.  149  b. 

Vlf  et  frater  ejus,  Yorksh.  374. 

Vlf  cilt.  Line.  366. 

Vlf  diacouus,  Yorksh.  373,  374. 

Vlf  fenisc.  Hunt.  203,  JDerb.  277  b.,  Nottingh.  280  b.,  Line.  354  b.  bis.  v.  Vlfenisc, 
Vlffenisc. 

Vlf  fil.  Azor,  Northampt.  220  bis. 

Vlf  fil  Borgerete,  Buck.  146  b. 

Vlf  filius  Suertebrand,  Lijie.  336. 

Vlf  homo  Asgari  stalre,  Buek.  149  b. 

Vlf  homo  Heraldi  Comitis,  Buck.  146. 

Vlf  homo  Wallaf  Comitis,  NGrthampt.  228. 

Vlf  huscarle  Regis  E.  Midd.  129,  Buck.  149. 

Vlf  pater  Sortebrand,  Clam,  in  Chctst.  377. 

Vlf  tope  sune,*  Clam,  in  Citetst.  376  b. 

Vlf  teignus  R.  E.  Midd.  129,  Buck.  148  b.  bis.  149,  149  b.,  Camh.  19G  b.  197, 
197  b.  bis.,  Essex  27. 

The  "Winton  Domesday,  a  survey  of  the  lands  which  had  belonged  to  King 
Edward  the  Confessor,  made  on  the  oath  of  eighty-six  burgesses  of  "Winchester  in  the 
time  of  Henry  I.  is  remarkable  for  the  number  of  surnames  which  it  comprises.f 

*  Mf  filiiis  Topi  was  one  of  the  witnesses  to  William  the  Conqueror's  Charter  to  the  Abbey  of  Peterborough. 
See  Mon.  Ang.,  last  etlition,  vol.  i.  p.  -3S3. 

t  Suns's  JIaniial  for  the  Genealogist,  &c. 


XXX  HUNDRED  ROLLS— LONDON  DIRECTORY 


The  Monastic  Records,  such  as  chartularies,  leigei'-books,  registers,  chronicles,  &c., 
contain  many  early  family  names,  as  also  do  a  great  number  of  Ancient  Charters  in  the 
public  offices,  and  in  private  possession.  A  vast  number  of  these  have  in  the  lapse  of 
succeeding  centuries,  become  extinct.  The  Public  Records  of  the  kingdom,  published 
by  the  Record  Commission,  either  in  extenso,  or  in  calendars,  such  as  the  Liber  Niger, 
or  Black  Book  of  the  Exchequer,  temp.  Henry  II. ;  the  Patent  Rolls,  commencing 
temp.  King  John ;  the  Charter  and  Plea  Rolls,  and  many  others,  abound  in  early 
surnames,  and  throw  much  light  on  the  rise  and  progress  of  these  appellations. 

The  most  valuable  of  these  authentic  documents,  for  our  purpose,  are  the  two  folio 
volumes  known  as  the  Rotuli  Hundredorum,  or  Hundred  Rolls,  of  the  date  of  1273. 
King  Edward  I.,  on  his  return  from  Palestine,  after  the  death  of  his  father,  Henry  III., 
caused  inquiries  to  be  made  into  the  state  of  the  demesnes,  and  of  the  right  and 
revenues  of  the  crown,  many  of  which,  during  the  previous  turbulent  reign  had  been 
usurped  both  by  the  clergy  and  the  laity.  The  inquisitions  being  made  upon  the  oath 
of  a  jury  of  each  hundred  throughout  the  realm,  this  mass  of  documents  is  appro- 
priately called  Rotuli  Hundredorum,  or  the  Hundred  Rolls. 

Of  the  Indices  Noniinum  of  these  volumes,  which  contain  references  to  about  70,000 
persons,  I  have  made  extensive  use.  The  period  at  which  the  Rolls  were  drawn  up, 
was  one  when  family  names,  which  had  been  gradually  coming  into  use  for  nearly  two 
centuries,  had  become  general  among  all  classes  of  persons;  not  indeed  with  the  regu- 
larity which  prevailed  in  later  centuries,  though  almost  every  individual  mentioned  in 
the  record  bears  a  surname  of  some  kind.  Some  of  the  surnames  are  in  T^atin,  some 
in  French,  and  some  in  English.  The  prefixes  of  the  local  names  are  De,  At  (ate  or 
atenj,  In  the,  &c.  IMost  of  the  names  derived  from  occupations,  offices,  &c.,  retain  the 
Le,  though  this  is  sometimes  omitted.  Not  unfrequently  the  same  person's  name  is 
written  in  two  or  three  languages,  with  twice  that  number  of  varying  orthographies. 
I  have  gone  through  the  whole  of  these  copious  indices  for  the  purpose  of  collating  the 
family  names  of  the  thirteenth  century  with  those  of  the  nineteenth,  and  it  cannot  fail  to 
strike  the  curious  reader  how  great  a  general  similarity  exists  between  the  nomen- 
clature of  the  liegemen  of  King  Edward  I.  and  that  of  the  subjects  of  Queen  Victoria. 
The  letters  II. R.  throughout  this  dictionary  refer  to  these  ancient  surnames. 

The  other  publications  of  the  Record  Commission,  and  various  chronicles,  &c., 
down  to  the  XVI.  century  contain  useful  illustrations  of  our  family  nomenclature. 

With  regard  to  the  existing  nomenclatm-e  of  the  people  of  England  and  Wales, 
the  returns  deposited  in  the  office  of  the  Registrar  General  may  be  considered  to  con- 
tain every  name ;  and  when  that  official  shall  have  carried  out  his  intention  of  printing 
all  the  names  registered  in  a  whole  year,  we  may  expect  to  have  an  approximately 
complete  list  of  the  designations  not  only  of  the  English  and  Welsh  people,  but  also 
of  settlers  from  Scotland  and  Ireland,  and  of  the  strangers  for  the  time  being  within 
our  gates. 

As  yet,  the  greatest  repertorium  of  jirinted  surnames  is  the  London  Directory — 
that  wonderful  book  which  not  only  supplies  us  with  the  designations  of  literally  mil- 
lions of  Englishmen,  but  also  shews  us  how  and  where  they  "live  and  move,  and  have 
their  belno-."  Every  district  of  the  United  Kingdom  is  more  or  less  represented 
there,  for  the  simple  reason  that  there  is  no  district  that  does  not,  in  our  enterprizing 
age,  send  some  or  many  of  its  denizens  to  the  capital.  Two  hundred  years  ago  old 
Fuller  foresaw  the  concentrating  force  of  this  great  city,  and  predicted  that  in  time  all 
Eno-land  would  'Londonizc,' — "et  iota  Anglia  Londonizahit  f  and  even  so  it  is  ;  London 
in  this,  as  in  many  other  respects,  is  England,  or  rather  the  United  Kingdom.     You 


«  BATTEL  ABBEY  ROLL."  xxxi 

may  trace  from  Caithness  to  Cornwall,  and  from  the  mouth  of  the  Thames  to  that  of 
the  Shannon,  and  few,  comparatively,  will  the  names  be,  borne  by  Englishman,  Welsh- 
man, Cornishman,  Scotchman,  Gael,  or  Irishman,  that  have  not  a  place  in  that  great 
nominal  treasure-house.  In  fact  it  is  commonly  remarked  of  an  unusual  name,  that 
"it  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  London  Directory."  Of  that  bulky  tome,  as  well  as  of  the 
local  directories  of  several  great  provincial  cities  and  towns,  I  have  largely  availed 
myself. 

It  will  be  observed  that  very  often  in  the  ensuing  pages  I  have  spoken  with  distrust 
and  disparagement  of  what  is  called  the  Eoll  of  Battel  Abbey.  In  my  English  Sur- 
names I  printed  three  considerable  lists  of  Norman  surnames  going  under  this  general 
designation,  not  however  without  duly  cautioning  the  reader  against  accepting  them 
as  genuine  documents  of  the  period  to  which  they  are  ascribed. 

Fuller  investigation  convinces  me  that  the  Roll  of  Battel  Abbey  is  a  nonentity. 
But  like  many  other  mythic  things,  we  may  safely  say  that  it  ought  to  have  existed. 
For,  the  Conqueror  on  the  field  of  Hastings  made  a  famous  vow  that  if  God  would 
grant  him  the  victory  over  the  English,  he  would  found  upon  the  spot  a  great  Abbey, 
wherein  masses  should  be  said  for  all  those  who  should  be  slain  in  the  battle.  Now, 
when  the  Victor  carried  his  intention  into  effect,  there  ought  to  have  been  a  bede-roU 
or  list  of  those  whose  souls  were  thus  to  be  cared  for;  (and  this,  as  Mr.  Hunter  has 
well  observed,  would  have  been  "  in  the  highest  and  best  sense,  the  Battel  Abbey 
Roll;")  but  if  we  consider  the  utter  improbability  of  his  having  had  a  muster-roll  of 
the  vast  army  who  embarked  with  him  on  this  expedition,  and  at  the  same  time  reflect 
upon  the  impossibility  of  the  monks  performing  the  Church's  rite  individually  for  the 
souls  of  the  thirty  thousand  warriors  who  are  said  to  have  fallen  on  that  dreadful  day, 
we  shall  at  once  see  that,  however  theoretically  accordant  with  the  vow  such  an  ar- 
rangement may  have  been,  it  could  not  be  practically  carried  out. 

It  may  be  urged,  however,  that  a  Roll  containing  the  names  of  the  leaders  and 
grandees  of  the  expedition  was  preserved.  But  to  this  it  may  be  replied  that,  although 
Battel  Abbey  was  unusually  rich  in  every  kind  of  monastic  clironicle,  record,  and  other 
muniment,  most  of  which  are  preserved  to  the  present  day,  no  mention  whatever  is 
found  of  such  list  or  Roll,  either  during  the  existence  of  the  IMonastery  or  at  its 
Dissolution. 

But  while  the  existence  of  any  such  record  as  an  authoritative  roll  of  the  Norman 
invaders  is  denied,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  various  lists  which  purport  to  be 
the  Roll  of  Battel  Abbey  are  of  considerable  antiquity— much  earlier  probably  than 
the  date  of  the  Reformation,  though  certainly  much  later  than  the  year  1066.  Mr, 
Hunter  mentions  no  less  than  ten  such  lists,  but  in  no  case  is  there  an  attribution  of 
them  either  to  Battel  Abbey  or  to  any  authority  nearly  contemporary  with  the  Con- 
quest. It  is  not  necessary  to  accept  the  censure  of  Camden  and  of  Dugdale  as  to  the 
falsifications  of  one  or  any  of  these  lists  by  the  monks  of  Battel  in  order  to  gratify  the 
vanity  of  benefactors.  They  were  doubtless  drawn  up,  as  a  matter  of  curiosity,  by 
private  individuals,  and  without  any  sinister  design.  Perhaps  the  greatest  proof  of 
their  beino-  non-ofScial,  and  of  a  date  long  subsequent  to  the  Conquest  is,  that  many  of 
the  names  of  distmgulshed  followers  of  William  Avhich  are  found  in  Domesday  Book 
have  no  place  in  any  copy  of  the  so-called  Battel  Abbey  Roll.  The  whole 
question  has  been  fully  and  most  ably  treated  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter, 
F.S.A.  in  vol.  VI.  of  the  Sussex  Archajologlcal  Collections,  and  It  Is  therefore  un- 
necessary to  enter  further  into  the  subject. 


XXXll 


EXPLANATIONS.    ETYMOLOGY. 


V. 


iKisrcIlaitcotB  ©liserbations. 


N  dealing  with  the  surnames  of  my  fellow  subjects  and  countrymen,  the 
principal  object  I  have  had  in  view  has  always  been  to  shew  from 
j  what  sour(;es  those  multitudinous  and  various  words  are  derived,  and  to 
SJ  give  a  rationale  of  the  means  by  which  they  have  become  the  distinguishing 
marks  of  kindreds  and  families.  It  is  but  just  to  enter  into  some  details  on  this  sub- 
ject, for  the  twofold  purpose  of  guarding  the  reader  against  misapprehensions  as  to 
my  real  intentions,  and  of  defending  myself  from  the  possible  accusation  of  not  having 
fully  discharged  the  labour  I  have  undertaken  to  perform.  For  this  purpose  it  will 
be  necessary  to  state  in  general  terms  my  own  views  of  the  whole  subject,  so  that  there 
may  be  no  mistake  as  to  whether  '  performance  '  on  my  part  falls  short  of  promise,' 
in  the  laborious  pages  now  offered  to  public  notice,  or  not. 

My  design  throughout  has  been  chiefly  etymological — using  that  word  in  its  most 
popular,  and  least  technical  sense.  I  wish  to  convey  to  the  inquirer  information  as  to 
the  immediate  origin  of  each  particular  surname.  Thus  if  a  man  is  known  among  his 
neighbours  by  a  word  which  is  identical  with  the  name  of  a  place,  an  occupation,  or  an 
office— by  a  word  which  is  expressive  of  a  physical  or  mental  quality — by  a  word 
which  is  identical  with  some  object  natural  or  artificial — my  duty  is  simply  to  state 
that  that  man's  surname  is  derived  from  such  place,  occupation,  office,  quality,  or 
object,  and  to  show,  as  well  as  I  can,  how  that  surname  came  to  be  adopted  six  or 
seven  hundred  years  ago,  more  or  less,  as  the  distinctive  mark  of  the  original  bearer's 
posterity  in  all  time  to  come.  It  is  no  more  a  part  of  my  design  to  enter  into  the  his- 
tory of  the  word  which  has  become  a  surname,  than  it  is  the  duty  of  the  man  who  puts 
bricks  and  stones  into  a  wall  to  make  himself  acquainted  with  the  chemical  ingredients 
of  the  brick  or  the  geological  formation  to  which  he  is  indebted  for  the  stone.  I  wish 
to  be  clearly  understood  upon  this  point,  because  I  infer  from  the  remarks  of  many  of 
my  correspondents,  that  they  imagine  that  I  am  to  trace  every  name  to  the  radical 
meaning  of  the  word  which  it  represents,  than  which  nothing  has  ever  been  further 
from  my  intention. 

But  while  thousands  of  surnames  of  the  kinds  above  referred  to  may  be  said  to 
explain  themselves,  there  are  multitudes  of  others  of  which  the  meaning  is,  to  most 
persons,  entirely  hidden.  Words  obsolete  for  centuries  in  our  spoken  and  written 
language  are  still  retained  in  our  family  nomenclature,  fossilized,  as  it  were,  alongside 
of  words  still  current  and  known  to  all. 

And  here  lies  the  principal  charm  of  this  pursuit.  It  is  interesting  enough  to 
know  that  the  jNIortimers  came  from  a  place  so  called  in  Normandy  ;  that  the  Stviarts 
sprang  from  a  personage  who  was  in  old  times  the  High  Steward  of  Scotland  ;  that 
the  Rouses  sprang  froni  a  certain  Norman,  who,  like  his  countryman  and  sovereign, 
was  called  Rufus  by  reason  of  his  red  liair ;  that  the  Longs  descended  from  a  tall,  and 
the   Shorts  from  a  diminutive  specimen    of   human  kind — that  our  Ashes  and  our 


ETYMOLOGY.     OMISSIONS.  xxxiii 

Elmeses,  in  the  old  unsophisticated  times,  were  content  to  beai'  designations  boi'rowed 
from  some  great  tree,  near  which  they  dwelt — all  this,  I  say,  is  very  pleasant  know- 
ledge ;  but  it  is  among  names  derived  from  less  obvious  sources,  from  obsolete  words, 
from  forgotten  employments,  customs,  offices,  and  dignities,  from  old  and  disused 
personal  appellations,  and  from  a  host  of  other  such-like  things,  that  the  curious 
enquii'er  finds  his  chief  enjoyment;  and  to  examine  and  place  in  their  proper  ranks 
and  orders  these  fossils  of  earlier  stratifications  is  the  object  of  every  one  who  enters 
with  zeal  and  judgment  into  this  wide  but  hitherto  little  known  field  of  inquiry. 

At  the  present  time,  a  taste  seems  to  prevail  for  fanciful  etymology ;  but  I  have 
little  sympathy  with  those  philologists,  to  whom  "  the  deduction  of  Jeremiah  King 
from  a  cucumber  is  child's  (not  to  say  childish)  play."     I  am  not  one  of  those 


-"  leam'd  philologists  ■who  chase 


A  panting  syllable  through  time  and  space, 
Start  it  at  home,  and  hunt  it,  in  the  dark, 
To  Gaul,  to  Greece — and  into  Noah's  Aik  1 " 

If  I  can  find  a  reasonable  etymon  for  a  name  upon  the  surface,  I  do  not  consider 
it  worth  while  "  to  dig  and  delve  ten  fathoms  deep"  for  one.  Of  course  there  are 
many  exceptions  to  this  as  to  most  other  rules,  and  it  will  be  seen  in  numerous  in- 
stances in  these  pages,  that  surnames  very  often  signify  something  entirely  different 
from  what  at  first  sight  they  seem  to  represent. 

Of  speculative  etymology  we  have  already  more  than  enough.  Much  tlme^  paper, 
and  ink  Avould  be  saved  if  men  would  look  a  little  more  at  the  obvious,  and  a  little  less 
at  the  recondite,  in  these  investigations.  In  support  of  this  remark,  in  respect  of  Siu'- 
names,  let  me  adduce  a  single  instance  ;  The  name  Affleck  is  explained  in  the  little 
publication  "  The  Folks  of  Shields,"  as  a  derivation  from  the  Gaelic  ^abhleag,  a  burning 
coal,'  and  in  a  far  more  important  work,  as  'c,  negative,  andi  fleck,  a  spot;  spotless.' 
These  are  the  opinions  of  two  gentlemen  bearing  respectively  the  Scottish  names  of 
Brockie  and  Ferguson,  who,  if  they  had  taken  the  trouble  to  look  into  a  gazetteer  of 
their  fatherland,  would  have  found  that  Affleck  is  simply  a  local  corruption  of  Auchin- 
leck,  a  well-known  place  in  Ayrshire.  It  would  be  easy  to  multiply  instances,  but  I 
hope  that  this  one  is  quite  sufficient  to  illustrate  the  present  argument. 

To  prevent  misapprehension  of  another  kind,  let  me  say  that  it  was  never  intended 
to  give  a  genealogical  character  to  this  work.  This  would  have  involved  interminable 
labour  to  little  pm-pose.  Next  to  the  derivation  of  a  name,  its  history  and  origin  have 
claimed  my  attention.  In  the  case  of  territorial  and  of  foreign  surnames,  I  have  en- 
deavoured, as  often  as  possible,  to  mention  the  epoch  at  which  it  fii-st  appears  in  our 
records.  Occasionally,  when  the  history  of  a  name  requires  it,  some  genealogical 
details  are  given,  but  these  are  as  few  and  slight  as  possible. 

And  now  I  come  to  another  point  requiring  explanation — the  numerous  omissions 
of  surnames  from  this  work.  Thousands  of  names  have  been  passed  over  s^ib  silcntio, 
and  for  this  a  variety  of  reasons  can  be  assigned.  In  the  first  place,  it  has  never  been 
any  part  of  my  plan  to  hunt  after  names,  but  only  to  record  and  to  illustrate  such  as 
have  crossed  my  path.  Secondly :  Thousands  of  local  surnames  which  1  have  met 
with,  I  have  been  unable  to  identify  with  the  places  from  which  they  were  derived.  I 
had  some  thoughts  of  making  a  list  of  these  unidentified  names,  but  this  would  have 
been  of  little  practical  utility.  Thirdly  :  Hundreds  of  names  have  been  so  corrupted 
as  to  baffle  the  most  ingenious  guess-work  that  I  could  bring  to  bear  iqjon  them. 
Fourthly  :  lilany  foreign  names  natm-alized  here  have  not  appeared  of  sufficient  stand- 
ing to  claim  a  place.  These  and  other  minor  reasons  must  be  ray  apology  for  the 
numerous  omissions  that  every  reader  will  be  able  to  discover.  I  trust,  however,  that 
e 


xxxiv  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 

the  number  of  vrell-knowu  and  widely-spread  names  tliat  have  been  overlooked  is 
comparatively  small.  I  believe,  moreover,  that  the  names  to  be  found  in  the  Patrony- 
mica  Britannica  represent  nine-tenths  of  the  numerical  strength  of  the  United  King- 
dom, the  omissions  being  principally  of  those  names  Avhich  are  limited  either  to  remote 
districts,  or  to  an  exceedingly  small  number  of  individuals.*  On  the  whole,  the  sur- 
names that  do  not  appear  at  all  have  cost  me  more  trouble  than  those  that  do. 

One  more  duty  remains  for  me  to  perform,  and  that  is  the  very  agreeable  one  of 
returning  my  sincere  thanks  to  the  numerous  friends  who  have  assisted  my  labours 
by  their  kind  and  interesting  communications.  The  list  of  these  would  more  than 
occupy  this  page,  but  I  cannot  refrain  from  mentioning  the  names  of  a  few  to  whom  I 
have  been  specially  indebted. 

My  best  thanks  are  due  to  the  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Stair,  for  the  list  of 
Scottish  Surnames  commencing  with  3fac,  printed  at  pp.  205  et  seq.,  and  to  Patrick 
Boyle,  Esq.,  of  Shewalton,  N.B.,  for  a  supplementary  list,  also  printed  at  p.  208.  To 
Charles  Dalrymple,  Esq.,  P.S.A.,  Scotl.,  of  West  Hall,  in  Aberdeenshire,  I  am  under 
great  obligations  for  many  useful  criticisms  and  suggestions.  David  Mackinlay,  Esq., 
of  Pollokshields,  Glasgow,  placed  at  my  disposal  a  copious  list  of  surnames  with  many 
useful  elucidations,  the  result  of  his  own  researches  on  the  subject.  From  Sir  Erasmus 
Dixon  Borrowes,  Bart.  ;  from  William  Smith  Ellis,  Esq.  ;  from  James  T.  Hammack, 
Esq. ;  from  Wm.  J.  O'Donnavan,  Esq. ;  and  from  J.  Bertrand  Payne,  Esq.,  I  have  re- 
ceived valuable  aid;  nor  must  I  omit  to  record  my  obligations  to  George  Graham,  Esq., 
Her  Majesty's  Registrar-General,  for  his  permission  to  make  use  of  much  of  the 
matter  on  "  Family  Nomenclature,"  contained  in  his  XVI.  Annual  Report. 

Surnames  used  as  Christian  Names. — "  Reader,  I  am  confident  an  instance  can 
hardly  be  produced  of  a  surname  made  Christian  in  England,  save  since  the  Reforma- 
tion ;  before  which  time  the  priests  were  scrupulous  to  admit  any  at  the  font  except 
they  were  baptised  with  the  name  of  a  Scripture  or  legendary  saint.  Since,  it  hath 
been  common  ;  and  although  the  Lord  Coke  was  pleased  to  say  he  had  noted  many  of 
them  prove  unfortunate,  yet  the  good  success  In  others  confutes  the  general  truth  of 
the  observation." — Fuller's  Worthies,  vol.  i.  p.  160. 


The  following  observations  from  Dean  Trench's  Sitcdy  of  Words,  are  well  worthy 
of  transcription  here : — 

"  I  am  sure  there  is  much  to  be  learned  from  knowing  that  the  Sm-name,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  the  Christian  name,  is  the  name  over  and  above,  not  the  'sire'-uame 
or  name  received  from  the  father,  but  'sur'-name  (super  nomen) — that  while  there 
never  was  a  time  when  every  baptised  man  had  not  a  Christian  name,  inasmuch  as  his 
personality  before  God  was  recognised,  yet  the  Surname,  the  name  expressing  a  man's 
relation,  not  to  the  kingdom  of  God,  but  to  the  worldly  society  in  which  he  lives,  is 
only  of  a  much  later  growth,  an  addition  to  the  other,  as  the  word  itself  declares. 
And  what  a  lesson  at  once  in  the  upgrowth  of  human  society,  and  in  the  contrast 
between  it  and  the  heavenly  society,  might  be  appended  to  this  explanation.  There 
was  a  period  when  only  a  few  had  Surnames — only  a  few,  that  is,  had  any  significance 
or  importance  in  the  order  of  things  temporal ;  while  the  Christian  name  from  the  first 
was  common  to  every  man." 


I  would  say  a  few  words  as  to  the  title  I  have  chosen  for  this  work — Patronijmica 
Britannica — since  an  objection  may  be  raised  to  such  a  use  of  the  former  word.     A 
*  The  name  Bnishfield  is  limited  to  ten  persons,  ami  tliat  of  Fairholt  to  a  single  inclividual. 


"PATRONYMICA." 


XXXV 


patronymic,  m  its  true  and  original  sense,  is  a  modification  of  tlie  father's  name  borne 
by  the  son,  as  Tydides,  the  son  of  Tydeus.  The  ancients  formed  their  patronymics 
by  an  addition  at  the  end  of  the  father's  name,  and  modern  nations  have  done  the  same 
in  several  instances,  as,  for  example,  in  such  names  as  Johnso?i,  Taulountz,  Feterkins.  In 
others,  the  filial  relation  is  shown  by  a  prefix,  as  in  O'Brien,  Mac  Intosh,  Fitz-Herhert, 
Ap  John.  These  may  be  correctly  called  patronymical  surnames ;  while  those  that  are 
derived  from  places,  occupations,  physical  characteristics,  and  the  rest,  have  no  claim 
to  be  so  considered. 

But  there  is  a  secondary  sense  in  which  the  word  patronymic  applies  to  every  sur- 
name. It  is  the  "  father  name,"  and  shows  the  relation  of  the  individual  to  a  particular 
family  descended  from  a  common  pai'ent.  Just  as  the  Christian  name  should  designate 
the  individual  as  a  member  of  the  visible  church  of  God,  so  the  surname  identifies 
him  with  his  Father  and  his  Father's  Fathers,  up  to  the  very  fons  et  origo  of  the 
name. 


XXXYl 


ADDITIONAL  NOTES  RECEIVED  DURING  THE  PRINTING  OF 

THE  SUPPLEMENT. 


AUNGIER.  AUNGER.  This  name  Is 
found  in  England  temp.  Edward  I.  and  II., 
■when  flourished  Hervey  of  Staunton,  a 
Judge,  and  the  founder  of  Micliacl  House 
(now  merged  in  Trinity  College,  Cam- 
bridge), -who  was  of  this  family.  The 
name  is  derived  from  the  province  of 
Anjou,  and  is  found  in  charters  in  the 
Latinized  form  of  Angevinus. 

BRYAN.  The  signification  of  this  name 
is  given  in  the  dictionary.  The  family 
■were  seated,  from  a  very  early  period,  at 
Tor-Bryan,  co.  Devon;  as  also  at  Lang- 
herne,  in  South  Wales,  and  Woodford 
Castle,  CO.  Dorset.  Of  this  family  -n-as  the 
chivalrous  Sir  Guy  Bryan,  Lord  Bryan, 
K.G.,  temp.  Edward  III.,  and  standard- 
bearer  at  the  celebrated  battle  of  Calais. 
He  is  called  Sir  Guy  Bryan  by  contempo- 
rary writers.  See  "Scrope  and  Grosvenor 
Roll,  Beltz's  Order  of  the  Garter,  &c.  But 
in  an  inscription  formerly  at  Scale,  co. 
Kent,  his  second  son,  William,  was  called 
"  Domiuus  Willelmus  de  Bryene"  (ob. 
1395).  This  territorial  prefix  was  doubt- 
less a  clerical  blunder.  Other  spellings  of 
the  name  are  Brian,  Brien,  Brianne,  &c. 
The  Christian  name  Guy  was  frequent  in 
the  family. 

BUTLIN.*  "In  Northamptonshire 
Boutevillaine  is  now  con'upted  to  Butliu. 
I  have  had  documents  of  the  time  of  Eliza- 
beth in  my  hands,  in  Avhich  it  has  been 
given  'Butlin,  alias  Boutevillaine,'  and  in 
Bridges'  Northamptonshire  it  occurs  in  an 


Comiuuuicated 
F.S.A. 


by  Edward 


See  under  Sitterling  in  these 


inscription. 
Pretty,  Esq 

CITOLIN. 

Notes. 

CROWDY.  Li  tlie  AVest  of  England  a 
violin  is  called  a  "  crowdy-kit;"  in  Scot- 
land "  crowdie"  means  porridge,  or  some- 
thing of  a  similar  kind.  These  are  both 
extremely  unlikely  etymons,  and  the  name 
is  probably  local. 

DICKEY.  This  name  might  well  be 
taken  as  one  of  the  "  nursenames"  of 
Richard,  but  against  this  a  correspondent 
strongly    protests.     Another,    Imt   rather 


An   older    form    of    Dickey, 


fanciful  derivation,  is  from  the  "  Clan  of 
the  Dike,"  or  Roman  Wall.  (See,  how- 
ever, Dykes  in  the  dictionary.)  A  family 
pedigree  deduces  them  from  a  Celtic  clan 
called  the  Clanna  Diagha,  founded  by  a 
chieftain  called  Diagha  and  Dega.  The 
family  went  from  Scotland  into  Ireland 
about  the  year  166G,  and  settled  in  co. 
Derry.     Inf.  A.  M'Naghten  Dickey,  Esq. 

DICKIE. 

above. 

DRAK]<]FORD.  The  name  is  clearly 
local,  though  the  place  is  not  to  be  found. 
The  family  have  long  been  connected  with 
Staffordshire,  and  there  is  a  tradition  of 
their  having  been  anciently  called  De  Dra- 
kensford. 

DUDENEY.*     In   Hogg's  Picturesque 

Views,  published  in  1780,  there  is  a  view 
of  a  building  called  Dudeney  chapel,  which 
is  said  to  have  stood  in  Ashdown  Forest, 
CO.  Sussex.  No  such  building  is  now  re- 
membered in  the  district ;  but  as  the  sur- 
name seems  to  be  localized  to  Sussex,  it  is 
probably  indigenous  to  that  county,  and 
not  of  French  origin  as  I  have  suggested 
in  the  body  of  the  dictionary. 

FELL.*  We  must  not  overlook  the  ad- 
jective meaning  of  this  word,  which  is 
sharp,  keen,  biting,  cruel,  from  the  A-Sax. 

felle. 

FOURACRE.  This  name,  sometimes 
written  Foweraker,  has  been  for  some  cen- 
turies connected  with  Exeter.  It  is  doubt- 
less local,  the  termination  signifying  a 
iield.  The  arms  of  the  family,  "  on  a 
saltire  five  escallop-shells,"  have  been  thus 
expounded  by  an  advertising  "  herald  "  : — ■ 

"  Tliis  arms  is  a  reward  for  valour  in  mounting  an 
enemy's  wall ;  for  which  the  saltire  was  used  as  a 
ladder ;  and  the  scallops  show  the  founder  of  this 
family  to  ha\-e  heen  five  times  on  pilgrimage  to  the 
Holy  Land!" 

A  facetious  correspondent  remarks  that 
the  name  was  most  likely  borrowed  by  the 
crusading  hero  (never  before  heard  of  by 
the  family)  from  the  fact  of  his  having 
been  present  with  Caur  de  Lion,  in  1190, 
afore  Acre! 


ADDITIONAL  NOTES. 


XXXVll 


HENSMAN.  "Hensman,  alias  Hench-- 
man."     Bridges'  Nortliamptxjnshire. 

HERVEY,*  According  to  Collins,  "the 
surname  of  Hervey  or  Harvej%  written  an- 
ciently with  Fitz  (i.e.,  son  of  Hervey),  is 
derived  from  Robert  Fitz-Hervey,  a  younger 
son  of  Hervey,  Duke  of  Orleans,  who  is 
recorded  among  those  valiant  commanders 
who  accompanied  William  the  Conqueror 
in  his  expedition  into  this  kingdom  in  10G6." 
Although  this  statement  does  not  appear  to 
be  well  supported,  there  is  no  doubt  of  the 
early  Norman  origin  of  the  noble  family. 
Be  Hervey  is  evidently  a  misnomer,  as  the 
name  is  derived  from  the  baptismal  Herve, 
which  was  by  no  means  unusual  in  Norman 
and  later  times.     See  under  Harvey. 

HORSENAIL,*     It  has  been  discovered 

that  this  Kentish  name  is  a  corruption  of 
Arsenal.  Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith  has  seen  a 
seal  inscribed  with  the  name  (D')  Arsenel. 

KINNINiMONTH.  A  corruption  of 
the  Scottish  local  name,  Kynniumond. 

LYNAjNI.  There  are  places  called  Lyne- 
ham  in  cos.  Oxford  and  Wilts.  The  familj-^ 
occur  in  Cornwall  as  Lynham  at  any  early 
period,  and  the  Irish  branch  are  said  to 
have  sprung  from  that  county, 

LYNOM.     See  Lynam. 

MEDLAND  *  The  H.R.  De  IMedelands 
occur  in  Cambridgeshire,  but  the  existing 
family  spring  from  Devonshire,  and  in  that 
county  there  is  a  manor  called  Medland. 

NORWAY.  Possibly  from  the  country, 
but  far  more  likely  a  corruption  of  some 
English  local  name — Northway  for  in- 
stance. 

PECKOVER.  This  surname  is  local, 
though  the  place  is  not  ascertained.  The 
termination  over  (A-Sax.  ofer')  signifies  a 
margin,  brink,  bank,  or  shoi'e.  Halliwell 
quotes  from  a  medieval  poem  the  following 
lines : — 

"  She  came  out  of  Sexlonde 
And  rived  here  at  Dovere, 
Tliat  stondes  upon  the  sees  orere." 

PERCEVAL,*  not  Percival,  is  the  an- 
cient and  recognised  orthography. 

SHAKSPEARE.*  The  earliest  person 
of  this  name  discovered  by  the  Poet's  best 
and  most  recent  illustrator,  IMr.  Halliwell, 


is  Thomas  Shakspeare,  who  M-as  officially 
connected  with  the  port  of  Youghal,  in 
Ireland,  in  1375 ;  but  recent  research  has 
adduced  an  earlier  possessor  of  the  name, 
in  the  person  of  one  Heniy  Shal'e.yjcre,  who 
was  holder  of  a  ploughland  in  the  parish 
of  Kirkland,  co.  Cumberland,  in  tlie  year 
1350.  Notes  and  Queries,  Aug.  18,  18(!0. 
Hence  it  is  probable  that  the  name  origi- 
nated  on  the  Border,  and  had  its  rise  in 
those  feuds  from  which  the  Armstrongs, 
the  Bowmans,  the  Spearmans,  and  other 
belligerent  families  also  derived  theirs. 

SHENSTONE.  A  parish  in  Stafford- 
shire. 

SITTERLING.  In  the  parish  register  of 
St.John,  Lewes,  a  certain  surname  undergoes 
various  changes  from  "  Citoline  "  to  "  Sit- 
terling."  This  is  about  the  year  1640,  and 
no  doubt  refers  to  the  family  of  one  of 
John  Evelyn's  instructors.  "  It  was  not 
till  the  yeare  1628,"  says  that  admirable 
diarist,  "  that  I  was  put  to  learne  my  Latine 
rudiments,  and  to  write,  of  one  Citolin,  a 
Frenchman  in  Lewes."     Diary  i.  8. 

STREATFEILD.*  I  think  there  is  no 
doubt  of  the  derivation  of  this  name  from 
the  locality  which  I  have  indicated,  not- 
withstanding the  occasional  forms  Strat- 
vile,  Stretvile,  &c.  The  latinization  De 
Strata  Villa  has  been  supposed  to  imply 
"  the  ijaved  town."  Among  some  papers 
preserved  in  the  family,  it  is  noted  that  an 
ancestor,  travelling  about  a  century  since 
in  Saxony,  met  with  a  family  named 
Streightveldt,  who  bore  the  arms  and  crest 
of  the  Kentish  Streatfeilds.  Inf.  W.  C. 
Streatfeild,  Esq. 

TRAYTON.  This  family,  originally 
written  Treton,  and  springing  from  Che- 
shire, settled  at  Lewes,  co.  Sussex,  in  the 
XVI.  centurj'.  The  family  became  ex- 
tinct in  the  XVIII.  century,  but  not  the 
name,  for,  singularly  enough,  at  Lewes, 
and  in  a  great  many  of  the  surrounding 
parishes,  Trayton  is  extremely  common  as 
a  baptismal  name,  among  families  totally 
unconnected  by  blood.  Many  who  bear  it 
would  be  astonished  to  learn  that  it  is  not 
as  regular  a  Christian  name  as  Henry,  or 
George,  or  Philip. 

VIDGEN.  Said  to  be  a  corruption  of 
Fitz-Johu. 


**"■  In  the  Ulster  Journal  of  Archeology,  vols.  v.  and  vi.,  there  are  two  very  curious 
and  interesting  papers,  on  the  names  prevalent  in  the  counties  of  Down  and  Antrim,  with 
maj)s  showing  their  localization,  by  the  Rev.  A.  Hume,  LL.D.  This  mode  of  illustration, 
if  applied  to  the  British  islands  at  large,  would  be  of  great  importance  and  value. 


XXXVIU 


jpamil^  (Kfjatacterfetics, 


Many  English  families,  especially  in  the  northern  counties,  ai'e  characterised  by 
some  epithet,  complimentary  or  otherwise,  which  usually  begins  with  the  same  letter  as 
the  surname.  A  few  of  these  will  be  found  scattered  through  the  dictionary.  The 
following  were  sent  me  by  the  late  Mr.  M.  A.  Denham,  of  Picrse  Bridge : — 


DURHAM. 


The  beggarly  Baliola. 
The  base  Bellasis. 
The  bloody  Brackenburles. 
The  bold  Bertrams 
The  bauld  Blakestones. 
The  brave  Bowes. 
The  bare-boned  Buhners. 
The  bacchanalian  Burdons, 
The  clacking  Claxtons. 
The  confident  Conyers. 
The  crafty  Cradocks. 
The  cozening  Croziers. 
The  eventful  Evers. 
The  friendly  Forsters. 
The  filthy  Foiilthorpes. 
The  generous  Garths. 
The  handsome  Hansards. 


The  hoary  Hyltons. 
The  jealous  Jennisons. 
The  lamb-like  Lambtons. 
The  light  Lilburnes. 
The  lofty  Lumleys. 
The  mad  Maddisons. 
The  manly  Mairs. 
The  noble  Nevilles. 
The  politic  Pollards. 
The  placid  Places. 
The  ruthless  Ruths. 
The  salvable  Salvins. 
The  shrewd  Shadforths. 
The  sure  Surtees. 
The  testy  Tailboys. 
The  wily  Wilkinsons. 
The  wrathful  Wrens. 


NORTHUMBERLAND 


The  princely  Percys. 
The  potent  Percys. 
The  peerless  Percys. 
The  proud  Percys. 
The  thrifty  Thorntons. 
The  fierce  Fcnwicks. 


The  heartless  Halls. 

The  greedy  Greys. 

The  warlike  Widdringtons. 

The  courteous  Collingwoods. 

The  royal  Roddams. 


The  grave  Gascoynes. 
The  proud  Pickerings. 
The  trusty  Tunstalls. 
The  undefiled  Tunstalls. 
The  lotty  Cliffords. 


YORKSHIRE. 


The  grave  Griffiths. 
The  stern  Stapletons. 
The  manly  Maiileverers. 
The  tall  Tilneys.* 


*  Of  wliat  a  lofty  disposition  must  one  branch  of  this  eminent  family  he,  wlio  not  content  to  pass  through  the 
world  as  Tall  Tilneys,  must  needs  add  a  Long  Pole  to  their  name  I 


XXXIX 


ffi.vplanation  of  StWrcbiations,  ^c. 


Arthur. — Etjinological  Dictionary  of  Family  and  Christian  names,  by  William  Arthur,  M.  A . 

Bomditch. — Suffolk  Surnames,  by  N.  J.  Bowditch.     (See  p.  vi). 

ij.  L.  G.—Tha  Landed  Gentry  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  by  Sir  Bernard  Burke,  Ulster. 

Collins. — The  Peerage  of  England,  by  Arthur  Collins,  Esq. 

Cod.  Dj^Z.— Codex  Diplomaticus  Saxonici  Mvi.  Saxon  Charters,  collected  by  J.  M.  Kemble, 

Esq.,  M.A. 
Cotgrave. — A  Dictionarie  of  the  French  and  English  Tongues,  compiled  by  Randlc  Cot- 

grave.     1632. 
D'Alton. — Illustrations,  Historical  and  Genealogical,  of  King  James's  Irish  Ai-my  List, 

1689.     By  John  D'Alton,  Esq.,  Barrister.     Dublin,  1855. 

Dixon. — Surnames,  by  B.  H.  Dixon,  Esq.     (See  p.  vi). 

Do7nesd. — Domesday  Book. 

Emycl.  J3e)'aM.— Encyclopaedia  Heraldica,  or  a  complete  Dictionary  of  Heraldry,  by  W. 

.  Berry.     Four  vols,  quarto. 
Ferguson.— English.  Surnames,  and  their  place  in  the  Teutonic  Family.     (See  p.  xii). 

To  prevent  misapprehension,  it  is  as  -weU  to  remark,  that  Eng.  Surn.  throughout  means  my  o\mi 
former  work ;  wliile  the  vohime  of  Mr.  Ferguson  is  always  referred  to  as  here  indicated. 

Halliwell. — A  Dictionary  of  Archaic  and  Provincial  Words,  &;c.,  from  the  Fourteenth 
Century,  by  J.  0.  Halliwell,  Esq.,  F.R.S.     2  vols.  Svo. 

H.  E. — Eotuli  Hundredorum — the  Hundred  Rolls.     (See  p.  xxx). 

Jacob. — Jacob's  Law  Dictionary. 

Kelham.—l.  Domesday  Book  Illustrated,  1788.     2.  Anglo-Norman  Dictionary,  1779. 

Landimmaholi. — Islands  Landnamabok,  hoc  est.  Liber  Originum  Islandise.     Copenhagen, 

1847. 

For  most  of  the  references  to  this  work  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Ferguson's  volume. 

Mshet. — System  of  Heraldry,  by  A.  Nisbet,  Esq.     2  vols.  fol.     Edinburgh,  1722. 

N.  and  Q. — Notes  and  Queries. 

jl  Q  16. — The  Sixteenth  Annual  Report  of  the  Registrar  General.  Published  by  au- 
thority, 1856. 

RicMrdson. — Dictionary  of  the  English  Language,  by  Chas.  Richardson,  L.L.D. 

Shirley.— The  Noble  and  Gentle  Men  of  England,  by  Evelyn  Philip  Shirley,  Esq.,  M.A. 
1859, 


ERRATA. 

P.  13.  AssENTJER.    Pronounciation. 

39.  Bbatbrook  should  be  Bratbrook. 

62.  Clive— />'o;n  the  time,  &c. 

88.  Dewet.    Read,  Walter  de  Douuai,  not  Dounai. 

103.  Ellis.    The  quotation  hegiiuiing  "  Ellcs  or  Ellis— ends  at  husband. 

16G.  Hunter.    Read,  "  The  Hunters  of  Pohnood,   ....    in  the  V.  cent." 

173.  John.     For  Mickejohn  rend  Micklejohn. 

180.  ICiNLocK  should  bo  Kjnloc/^. 

192.  Leighton.    Read  vicecomes. 

192.  Lempriere.    For  Ex.  inf.  read  Ex  inf. 

205.  Mac.    For  Lord  Stair,  read  the  Earl  of  Stair. 

220.  MAtTLEVERER.    Read  Norroy,  king  of  arms. 

In  a  volume  containing  so  many  thousands  of  proper  names,  errors  of  orthography  Avill  doubtless  be  found,  though 

it  is  hoped  that  they  are  comparatively  few  and  trifling. 


PATRONYMICA   BRITANNICA. 


A. 


A,  as  tlie  initial  syllable  of  many  sur- 
names, has  at  least  three  distinct  origins, 
namely  :  I.  A  contraction  of  '  at,'  formerly 
a  very  common  jirefix  to  local  names ;  thus 
John  at  the  Gi-een  became  John  a  Green  ; 
John  at  the  Gate,  John  a  Gate  or  Agate ; 
John  at  the  Court,  John  a  Court,  &c.  II. 
A  corruption  of  '  of,'  as  John  a  Dover,  Adam 
a  Kirby.  III.  It  implies  descent,  and  is 
derived  either  from  the  Latin  preposition 
*a,'  or  more  probably  from  the  vernacular 
'  of,'  the  word  '  son  '  being  understood.  For 
example,  Jolm  a  Walter  is  jjrecisely  the 
same  kind  of  designation  as  John  ap  Tho- 
mas among  the  Welsh,  John  Mac-Douald 
among  the  Scotch,  or  John  Fitz-Hugh  of 
the  Anglo-Norman  period. 

"It  was  late  in  the  XVII.  cent,  (observes  the  Eev. 
M.  Noble)  that  many  families  in  Yorkshire,  even  of 
the  more  opulent  sort,  took  stationary  names.  Still 
later,  about  Halifax,  sm'names  became  in  their  dialect 
genealogical,  as  William  a  Bills  a  Toms  a  Luke,"  that 
is,  William  the  son  of  Bill,  the  son  of  Tom,  the  son  of 
Lulce.  Hist.  Coll.  Ai-ms,  22.  Tills  sort  of  nomen- 
clature is  said  still  to  prevail  in  remote  parts  of  Cimi- 
bcrland  and  Westmoreland. 

This  prefix  was  gradually  dropped  for  the 
most  part  during  the  XVI.  and  XVII. 
centuries,  except  in  those  instances  where, 
by  force  of  euphony,  it  had  been  made  to 
coalesce  with  the  name  itself,  as  in  Abank, 
Attree,  Abarrow,  Abridge,  Aljrook,  &c. 

AARON.  AARONS.  A  common  Jew- 
ish sumarae. 

ABA  DAM.  A  recent  resumption  of  the 
old  baronial  name  of  Ap-  or  Ab-  Adam. 
See  B.  L.  G. 

ABAXK.     See  Banks. 

ABARROW.  ABAROUGH.  At  or  near 
a  barrow  or  tumulus     See  Atte. 

ABBEY.  Perhaps  originally  given  to 
some  menial  attached  to  a  monastery,  as 
'John  of  the  Abbey;'  more  probably,  how- 
ever, from  Abbe,  the  ecclesiastical  title, 
since  we  find  it  written  in  the  H.  K.  le 
Abbe.     The    Scottish    form    is  Abbay. 


ABBISS.  Probably  Abby's  (that  is 
Abraham's)  son.  Ferguson,  bowevei", 
thinks  it  is  the  A-Sax.  Abl)issa,  a  name 
borne  bj'  one  of  the  sons  of  Hcngist. 

ABBOT.  See  Ecclesiastical  Surnames. 
A  sol^riquet  most  likely  applied  to  such 

.  leaders  of  medieval  pastimes  as  acted  tlie 
Abbot  of  Unreason,  tlie  Aljbot  of  Misrule, 
&c.    x\l3et  in  Domesd.  is  a  baptismal  name. 

iVBBS.  Probably  a  nicknnme  of  Abra- 
ham ;  so  Tibbs  froui  Theoliald,  and  "Watts 
from  Walter.  To  the  similar  name  Abbes 
are  assigned  the  arms,  "  a  lady  abbess, 
proper!" 

ABDY.  An  estate  in  Yorkshire,  where 
the  family  aucientlj-  resided. 

ABECKETT.  A  name  of  doubtful  ety- 
mology. Mr.  Ferguson  derives  it  from  the 
A- Sax.  hccca,  an  axe,  of  which  he  considers 
it  a  diminutive.  The  0.  Fr.  heqnct  is  ap- 
plied to  a  species  of  apple,  a  fish,  and  a 
bird,  and  the  arms  attributed  to  Tbomas  a 
Becket  contain  three  bed-its,  or  birds  like 
Cornish  choughs.  The  A  by  wliicli  the 
name  is  prefixed  is,  however,  the  customary 
abbreviation  of  at,  and  shoAvs  it  to  be  of 
the  local  class.  The  A-Sax.  beco,  a  brook, 
whence  we  have  many  local  and  family 
names,  may  have  had  a  diminutive  bccltet, 
or  "  the  little  brook,"  but  I  confess  that  I 
find  no  such  word. 

ABEL.  ABELL.  From  the  personal 
name.  It  frequently  occurs  temp.  Edwd.  I. 
in  the  same  forms. 

^^  ABEE.  A  Celtic  prefix  to  many  names 
of  places,  signifying  "  anj'  locality  of 
marked  character,  either  kuolly  or 
marsliy,  near  the  mouth  of  a  stream, 
whelhcr  the  stream  falls  into  a  lake  or 
sea,  or  runs  into  confluence  with  ouother 
stream."  Gazetteer  of  Scotland.  Several 
such  localities  have  given  rise  to  sur- 
names, as  Aliercrombie,  Aberdwell, 
Aberkerdour,  Aberuelhey. 


B 


ABS 


ADA 


ABERCOEN.  A  parish  iu  co.  Linlith- 
gow. 

ABERCROMBIE.  A  parish  in  Fife- 
sliire,  the  original  residence  of  the  Barons 
Abercromby,  temp.  Jas.  II.  of  Scotl. 

ABERDEEN.  A  well-known  Scottish 
city. 

ABERDOUR.  A  parish  of  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

ABERNETIIEY.  A  town  in  the  shires 
of  Perth  and  Fife. 

ABETHELL.     (Welsh.)    Ab  Ithel,  the 

son  of  Ithel. 

ABETOT.     See  Abitot. 

ABILON.  Probably  from  Ablon,  in  the 
canton  of  Honfleur,  in  Lower  Normandy. 

ABITOT.  Now  Abbetot,  in  the  arron- 
dissement  of  Havre,  in  Normandj'.  The 
founder  of  this  family  in  England  was 
Urso  de  Abetot  or  Abetoth,  brother  to 
Hugh  de  Montgomery,  Earl  of  Arundel. 
He  was  sometimes  called  Urso  Vicecomes, 
and  Urso  de  Worcester,  because  he  was 
made  hereditary  sheriff  of  the  county  of 
Worcester.  He  was  one  of  the  Conqueror's 
great  councillors.     Kelham. 

ABLE.     See  Abell. 

ABLEWHITE.  A  curious  corruption 
of  Applethwaite,  in  the  parish  of  Winder- 
mere, CO.  Westmoreland. 

ABNEY.  An  estate  near  the  Peak,  in 
CO.  Derby,  possessed  by  a  family  of  the 
same  name  in  very  early  tunes. 

ABRAHAMS.  1.  The  personal  name. 
It  occurs  in  the  H.R.,  as  Abraam,  Abbra- 
ham,  and  flls  Abrahce.  Some  Jewish 
families  have  in  recent  times  modified  it  to 
Braham.  2.  The  township  of  Abram,  co. 
Lancaster. 

ABRAM.  ABRAMS.  ABRAMSON. 

See  under  Abraham. 

ABRINCIS  DE.  From  Avranches,  in 
Normandy.  "  Eualo  de  Abriiicis,  or  Ave- 
renches,  a  valiant  and  skilful  soldier,  mar- 
rying Maud,  daughter  and  heir  of  Nigel  de 
Mandevil,  lord  of  Folkestone,  had  all  her 
lands  and  honours  given  to  him  iu  marriage 
by  King  Henry  I."  Banks.  The  town  of 
Avranches  is  the  capital  of  an  arrondisse- 
ment  in  the  department  of  La  Manche,  in 
Lower  Normandy. 

ABRISCOURT.  A  known  corruption 
of  Dabridgcourt. 

ABROOK.     See  under  Brook. 
ABSELL.     A  contr.action  of  Absolom? 
ABSOLOM.      ABSOLON.     The   per- 
Boual  name. 

It  is  strauge  that  any  parent  should  give  liis  son 
a  baptismal  appellation  like  this,  assoclatetl  as  it  is 
■with  all  that  is  vile  and  unfilial ;  yet  an  instance  has 
occurred  witliin  my  o's\'n  observation.  As  a  sm-name 
it  was  not  imusual  in  the  middle  ages.  In  the  II. R. 
it  occurs  as  Ahselon  and  Ahsolon.  The  latter  is 
Chaucer's  orthography: 

"  Now  'was  thcr  of  that  chirche  a  parish  clerlce, 
The  wliieh  that  was  yclepod  Absolon." 

Millere's  Talc. 


ABURNE.  Contraction  of  at-the-Burn, 
or  brook ;  also  an  old  orthography  of 
auburn,  and  maj'  relate  to  the  colour  of 
the  hair : 

"  Her  black,  lirowne,  cdiurne,  or  her  yellow  hayre, 
Naturally  lovely  she  doth  scorn  to  weare." 

Drayton. 

ABVILE.  H.R.  Abbeville,  the  well- 
known  town  in  Picardy.  The  family  came 
in  with  William  the  Conqueror,  and  Wace 
mentions  Wiestace  or  Eustace  d'Abevile 
among  those  who  rendered  their  commander 
great  aid.  Taylor's  Chron.  of  Norm.  Conq. 
p.  2U. 

g^AC  or  ACK.  The  initial  syllable  of  many 
local  surnames,  signifying  oak  (A-Sax. 
ac),  as,  Ackfield,  Ackworth,  Akehurst 
or  Ackiiurst,  Ackham,  Acked,  or  Aked, 
&c. 
I^°ACH  or  AUCH.  A  prefix  in  many  topo- 
graphical names  of  Gaelic  origin.  It 
signifies  simply  "a  field"  in  a  loose  or 
general  sense  of  that  word.  From  it 
proceed  the  surnames  Achmuty,  Ach- 
auy,  &c. 

ACHARD.  An  early  personal  name.  As 
a  surname  it  is  found  in  the  PI.E. 

ACHILLES.  An  ancient  family  of  this 
name  bore  two  lions  rampant  endorsed, 
probably  with  reference  to  the  lion-like 
acts  of  the  classical  hei'o.  Encyc.  Herald. 
In  the  H.R.  the  name  is  written  A  Chillis. 

ACIIYjM.  "  Signifies  in  British  (Cornish) 
a  descend.ant,  issue,  offspring,  or  progeny." 
The  family  were  of  great  antiquity  in  Corn- 
wall. D.  Gilbert's  Cornw.  IV.  23.  Acham 
appears  from  heraldric  evidence  to  be  the 
same  name. 

ACKERMANN.      Germ.      See    under 

Akerman. 

ACKER.  ACKERS.  See  under  Aker- 
man. 

ACLAND.  "  From  the  situation  of  their 
ancient  seat  in  Lankey,  near  Barnstaple, 
CO.  Devon,  which  being  in  the  midst  of  a 
large  grove  of  oaks  (in  Saxon  ac),  obtained 
the  name  of  Ac  or  Oakland.  .  .  They 
Avere  settled  in  this  place  as  early  as  the 
reign  of  Henry  II."     Kimber's  Barts. 

ACKROYD.     See  under  Royd. 

ACLE.  A  parisli  in  Norfolk,  where  the 
family  resided  tenq).  Edw.  I. 

ACLOME.  From  Aoklam,  the  name  of 
two  parishes  (East  and  West)  in  the  North 
Eidiug  of  Yorkshire. 

ACOURT.     A'COURT.     See  Court. 

ACTON.  The  Gazetteer  mentions  fifteen 
parishes  or  townsliips  so  called,  and  there 
are  many  other  minor  localities.  The  Ac- 
tons of  Acton,  in  Ontbersley,  co.  Worcester, 
are  said  to  haA'e  been  settled  there  in  Saxon 
limes.  They  were  certainly  there  temp. 
Henry  III, 

ADAIR.  A  branch  of  the  great  Anglo- 
Hibernian  family  of  Fitz-Gerald  settled  at 
Adare,  a  village  in  co.  Limerick,  aud  thus 
acquired  the  local  surname.     In  the  XV. 


ADL 


AGU 


century  Robert  Fitz- Gerald  de  Adair,  ia 
consequence  of  family  feuds,  removed  to 
Galloway,  in  Scotland,  and  dropping  his 
patronymical  designation,  wrote  himself 
Adair,  a  name  which  has  since  ramified 
largely  on  both  sides  of  the  Irish  Channel. 
In  temp.  Chas.  I.,  the  senior  branch  trans- 
ferred themselves  from  Galloway  to  co. 
Antrim,  -where  they  resided  for  some  gene- 
rations, until  on  the  acquisition  of  English 
estates  they  again  settled  in  Britain. 

The  migrations  of  tlie  family  may  lie  thus  stated : 
1.  England  before  the  Conquest.  2.  Ireland.  3. 
Scotland.  4.  Scotland  cum  Ireland.  5.  Ireland.  G. 
Ireland  cum  England.  7.  England  cum  Ireland. 
Inf.  Rev.  Wm.  Reeves. 

ADAM.    ADAMS.    ADAMSOX.   The 

personal  name,  much  more  used  as  a  bap- 
tismal appellation  in  the  middle  ages  than 
at  present.  In  the  H.R.  it  is  written,  Adam, 
Adams,  fir  Ad,  and  ab  Adam.  There  are 
various  modifications  of  this  name  which 
have  also  become  surnames.  See  Eng. 
Surn.  ii.,  166,  and  subsequent  articles  in 
this  work,  all  under  AD. 

ADAMTIIWATTE.     See  Thwalte. 

ADCOCK.  A  diminutive  of  xVdam.  See 
termination  Cock. 

ADCOT.  Sometimes  the  same  as  Adcock, 
which  see ;  sometimes  local. 

ADDECOTT.  Addy  is  a  "  nurse-name  " 
of  Adam,  and  cot  a  further  diminutive ; 
"  little  Adam."     See  termination  Cott. 

ADDEISTBROOK.  From  residence  near 
a  brook,  originally  Atten-broke.  See  prefix 
Atte  and  Atten. 

ADDEPtLEY.     A  parish  in  Shropshire. 

ADDY.  A  "nursenarae"  of  Adam; 
"little  Adam."  Hence  Addis  or  Addy's, 
Addiscott,  Addiscock,  and  Addison. 

ADEY.     ADIE.     ADY.     See  Addy. 

ADDICE.  ADDIS.  Addy's  son,  tlie 
son  of  Adam. 

ADDICOT.  A  diminutive  of  Addy  or 
Adam. 

ADDINGTOI^.  Parishes  in  Surrey, 
Bucks,  Kent,  and  Northampton. 

ADDISCOCK.     See  Addy. 

ADDISCOT.     See  Addy. 

ADDISOX.     See  Addy. 

ADE.  A  curt  form  or  diminutive  of 
Adam.  In  the  archives  of  Edinburgh  ^^•e 
find  "  Ade,  alias  Adamson."  In  Sussex 
and  Kent  it  has  been  varied  to  Ayde,  Ade, 
Adey,  and  Adye.  In  medieval  records  Ade 
is  the  usual  contraction  of  Adam. 

ADEANE.  The  same  as  Dean  with  the 
l)refix  a  for  at. 

ADKIN.   ADKINS.   ADKIXSON.   A 

diminutive  of  Adam.  See  termination  Kin. 

ADLAPD.  ADLEPv.  See  Alard.  Ade- 
lard,  H.  R.     Adelardus,  Domesd. 

ADLIXGTON.  Townships  in  Cheshire 
and  Lancashire. 


ADNA]\f.  A  corruption  of  Addingham, 
parishes  in  Yorkshire  and  Cumberland.  It 
is  sometimes  written  Aduum. 

AD  ORES.  Probably  the  old  Welsh 
personal  name  Adoc,  from  whence  also 
Ap  Adoc,  now  Paddock. 

ADOLPII.  ADOLPIIUS.  The  per- 
sonal name.  As  a  surname  it  is  of  recent 
introduction. 

ADRIAN.  A  personal  name,  the  Lat. 
Hadrianus. 

ADRECY.     See  Darcy. 

AFFLECK.  A  smgular  contraction  of 
the  surname  Auchinleck,  borne  by  an 
ancient  family  'of  that  ilk'  in  Ayrshire.  Sir 
Edmund  Affleck  created  baronet  in  1782, 
was  sixth  in  descent  from  Sir  John  Auchin- 
leck, son  of  Gilbert  A.  of  Auchinleck. 
Baronetage. 

AGAR.  Aucher,  a  Norman  personal 
name,  whence  Fitz-Aucher. 

AGATE.  At-the-Gate,  of  some  town  or 
forest ;  less  probably,  a  sobriqixet  '  applied 
to  a  diminutive  person,  in  allusion  to  the 
sniall  figures  cut  in  agate  for  rings.'  Nares 
and  Halliw.  in  voc. 

"  In  shape  no  higger  than  an  .agate  stone 
On  the  forefinger  of  an  alderman," 

Romeo  and  Juliet,  i.,  4. 

AGENT.     The  occupation. 

AGER.     See  Aucher. 

AGG.     See  Female  Christian  Names. 

AGGAS.  Probably  the  son  of  Agatha, 
since  such  forms  as  Fil' Agath'  and  FirAgacie 
are  found  in  the  H.R.  See  Female  Chris- 
tian Names. 

AGLIONBY.  The  family  "trace  their 
descent  from  Walter  de  Aguilon,  who  came 
into  England  with  William  the  Conqueror, 
and  into  Cumberland  with  Randolph  de 
J.Ieschines.  He  gave  name  to  the  place  of 
his  dwelling,  and  called  his  seat  or  capital 
messuage  Aguilon,  or  Aglion's  building." 
Such  is  the  statement  of  Hutchinson  (Cum- 
berland i,  195),  and  there  is  no  doubt  that 
aperson  called  Aglion  orsome  similarname, 
in  early  times,  imposed  the  name  on  the 
manor  of  Aglion-by,  but  whether  that  per- 
sonage came  from  Normandy  as  here  as- 
serted may  well  be  doubted.     See  Aguillon. 

AGNEW.  Possibly  from  the  French 
arjneav,  a  lamb ;  but  more  likely  from 
Agneaux,  a  village  in  the  arrondisseraent 
of  St.  Lo,  in  Normandy.  Co.  Wigton,  XIV. 
cent. 

AGUE.  Fr.  cdgu^  corresponding  with 
our  Sharpe. 

AGITILAR.  Span. '  Of  the  eagle.'  Comp. 
Aquila,  Eagles,  &c. 

AGUILLI AMS.  Another  form  of  G  nil- 
liam  or  Ap  William. 

AGUILLON.  Banks  says  that  Manser 
de  Aguillon,  the  first  of  this  family  men- 
tioned, lived  temp.  Richard  I.  They  were 
a  Norman  race,  and  as  the  name  is  fre- 
quently spelt  Aquilon  it  is  probably  a  mere 
variation  of  Aquila,  q.v. 


AIT 


ALB 


AIGUILLOX.  Fr.  a  spar.  This  name 
was  probably  conferred  on  the  original 
bearer  to  denote  his  impetuosit)^  and  may 
tlierefore  be  classed  with  our  own  Ilot.yjitr, 
as  borne  by  the  celebrated  Henry  Percy, 
temp.  Henry  IV.  The  famil}^  liad  j)osses- 
sious  in  West  Sussex  in  the  reigns  of  the 
Norman  kings.     See  preceding  article. 

AIKIN.     A  Scottish  Christian  name,  as 

"Aikin  Drum." 

AIRMAN".  Ac  is  tlie  A-Sax  and  Ailt  the 
Scottish  for  oalc,  and  the  families  of  tliis 
name  bear  inter  alia  an  oak-tree  in  their 
arms.  Tlie  surname  ho^^'ever  is  probably  a 
modification  of  Akerman,  or  of  the  Domesd. 
Agemund. 

AINULPII.     An  ancient  personal  name. 

AINSLEY.  AINSLIE.  A  place  in 
Scotland,  but  I  cannot  ascertain  the  county. 
Tliomas  de  Ainslie,  tlie  baronet's  ancestor, 
was  "of  that  ilk"  in  1214. 

AINSWORTH.  A  chnpelry  in  tlie 
parish  of  Middleton,  near  Manchester. 

AIR.     From  Ayr,  a  town  of  Scotland, 

ca])ital  of  Ayrshire.  The  family  bad 
doubtless  lost  sight  of  their  having  been 
originally  "of  that  ilk"  when  they  assumed 
for  arms,  Ai-gent,  a  camclcon  jiroper,  in  al- 
lusion to  the  unsubstantial  food  of  that 
animal. 

AIRD.  Defined  as  "  any  Isolated  hei.Li,Iit 
of  an  abrupt  or  hummocky  character, 
either  on  the  coast  or  in  the  interior"  of 
Scotland.  Imp.  Gaz.  Scot.  The  word  oc- 
curs in  composition  in  many  Scottish  names 
of  towns  and  parishes,  as  well  as  sepa- 
rately. 

AIREY.  This  Cumberland  family  con- 
sider the  name  to  have  been  borrowed  from 
some  elevated  dwelling  among  llie  moun- 
tains called  an  Eyrie,  such  designations  for 
residences  not  being  uncommon.  The 
"  Eagle's  Nest "  would  be  a  much  more 
eligible  name  for  an  abode  than  Rook's- 
ncst.  Goose-nest,  or  Stoat's-nest,  which  are 
still  to  be  found.  See  Aquila.  An  aery 
also  signifies  a  place  for  the  breeding  or 
training  of  hawks.  Ellis,  Introd.  Domesd. 
I,  341. 

AIRTH.     A  barony  in  Stirlingshire. 

AISKELL.  Probably  the  same  as  Askew 
and  Ayscough. 

ATSLABIE.  One  of  the  oldest  names  in 
the  county  of  Durham,  from  Aislaby,  a 
parish  on  the  river  Tees,  on  the  lianks  of 
which  the  family  still  reside.  In  old  docu- 
ments it  is  written  Asklackby,  Ayzalibie, 
and  in  about  fifty  other  modes. 

AISTROP.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Aiitborpe  or  East  Thorpe,  a  parish  of  Lin- 
colnshire. 

AITCIIISON.  Qn.  if  this  common  Scot, 
name  be  not  a  corruption  of  Archie's  son, 
the  son  of  Archibald? 

AITKEN".  Probaljly  the  Scot,  form  of 
Atkin. 


g^°  AKE,  as  a  prefix,  is  the  same  as  Ac, 
which  see.  Examples  occur  in  Ake- 
land,  Akehnrst,  Akeley,  Akeris,  &c. 

AKERISE.  Probably  from  Acrise,  a 
parish  in  Kent.     De  Acrise,  H.R. 

AKERMAN.  A-Sax.  ^cer-mo«,  a  field- 
man,  farmer,  ploughman,  clown.  Bos- 
worth.  The  German  Aclwrmann,  natural- 
ized amongst  us,  has  precisely  the  same 
signification.  The  forms  in  the  H.ll.  are 
Alcennan,  le  Akermon,  le  Akermannes, 
Achcrman,  and  le  Acreman.  Sometimes 
the  Akennanni  were  a  peculiar  class  of 
feudal  tenants,  the  tenure  of  whose  lands 
is  uncertain,  as  it  is  stated  that  the  lord 
could  take  them  into  his  own  hands  when 
he  would,  yet  ^vithout  injury  to  the  heredi- 
tary succession.  These  holdings  were  very 
small,  consisting  in  some  instances  of  five 
acres  only.  Hale's  St.  Paul's  Domesd., 
p.  xxiv.  "  Agricola,  ceccr-vian.'^  Wright's 
Vocab.  p.  74. 

AKINHEAD.  AKIN  SIDE.  Doubt- 
less local ;  from  Aikin,  an  early  proprietor. 

ALABASTER.  O.  Eng  alMastere,  a 
cross-bowman.  In  Latin,  Albalcstai'lus, 
under  whicli  form  it  occurs  in  the  H.R. 
See  Arblaster. 

ALARD.  ALLARD.  A  corruption,  It 
is  said,  of  the  A-Sax.  personal  name 
iEthelwald,  but  ^Elard  occurs  in  Domesd. 
as  a  tenant  of  Earl  Godwin  in  the  time  of 
the  Confessor.  "  The  name  nourished  in 
Winchelsea  from  the  Conqueror's  days." 
Collins.     Cooper's  Winchelsea. 

ALASTER.  ALISTER.  Celtic  form  of 
Alexander. 

ALBANY.  Originally  the  same  as  Albion 
— Britain ;  but  after  the  Roman  invasion  the 
name  was  restricted  to  Scotland.  Ulti- 
mately the  appellation  was  still  further 
limited  to  the  somewhat  extensive  district 
of  the  Highlands,  which  includes  Breadal- 
baue,  Athole,  part  of  Lochaber,  xVppin,  and 
Glenorchy.  This  district  has  frequently 
given  the  title  of  Duke  to  a  younger  son  of 
the  king,  both  before  and  since  the  union 
of  the  two  crowns.  As  a  surname  it  has 
been  borne  by  sevei-al  respectable  families. 

ALBEMARLE.  Odo,  Connt  of  Cham- 
pagne, married  Adelidis,  niece  of  William 
the  Conqueror,  and  in  her  right  became 
Lord  of  Albemarle,  Albamale,  or  Aumale, 
in  Normandy.  At  the  Conquest  of  England 
he  received  large  possessions  in  Holderness. 
Wace  mentions  his  presence  at  the  battle  of 
Hastings  as  the  "  Sire  d'Aubemare."  This 
was  more  properly  a  title  than  a  surname, 
although  it  occurs  as  the  latter  in  the  H.R. 
The  title  has  also  been  borne  by  the  families 
of  De  Fortibus,  Plantagenet,  Monk,  and 
Keppel.  Albemarle  is  a  small  ancient  town, 
chef-lieu  of  a  canton  in  the  arrondissement 
of  Neufchatel.  It  is  now  called  Amnale, 
and  it  gave  title  of  duke  to  a  branch  of  the 
royal  house  of  Bourbon. 

ALBERT.  A  well-known  Teutonic  bap- 
tismal name.  Albrecht  and  Albrett  are 
modifications. 


ALD 


ALE 


ALBIN.    Albau. 

ALBINT,  DE.  William  de  Albini  at- 
tended William  the  Conqueror  at  the  Con- 
quest. Wace  mentions  him  as  "  the  butler 
d'Aubignie."  Rom.  de  Rou.  Taylor,  p.  221, 
where  some  genealogical  notes  will  be 
found.  But  Wace  is  in  error  in  calling  tlie 
Hastings  warrior,  "  hotcilkTS,"'  since  tlie 
official  surname,  Pincerna,  or  the  butler, 
■was  borne  not  by  him  but  by  his  descendant 
of  the  same  names,  wlio  received  the  manor 
of  Buckenham  from  Henry  I.,  by  the  tenure 
of  being  butler  at  the  King's  coronation, 
an  office  now  discharged  by  his  descen- 
dants, the  Dukes  of  Norfolk.  He  had  also 
another  name,  Stronffimanim,  or  the  "strong- 
handed,"  from  liis  having  slain  a  lion  under 
very  extraordinary  circumstances.  See 
Eng.  Surn.  His  son  was  created  Earl 
of  Arundel.  Aubigny,  the  original  resi- 
dence of  the  family  in  Normandy,  is  in 
the  Cotentin.  Taylor,  p.  220.  Nigel  de 
Albini  occurs  in  Domesd.  as  a  tenant  in 
capite  in  co.  Bucks.  He  slew  Rolicrt, 
Duke  of  Normandy's  horse  at  Tcnercliebrai, 
and  brought  Robert  himself  prisoner  to  his 
brother,  King  Henry  I.  His  descendants 
assumed  tiie  name  of  Mowbray.     Kelham. 

ALBOMINSTER.  An  ancient  Cornish 
family.  A  corruption  of  the  latinization  de 
Albo  Monasterio,  "of  the  white  monastery," 
the  designation  of  more  than  one  religious 
house.  See  under  Blacknionster.  Albi- 
monast.     H.E. 

ALBON.  Alban,  a  personal  name,  borne 
by  the  proto-martyr  of  England. 

ALCHESr.  ALLCHIiSr.  A  known  cor- 
ruption of  Alchorne. 

ALCHORNE.  A  manor  in  the  parish  of 
Rotherfield,  Sussex,  where  the  family 
lived  in  the  XIV  cent.  Some  of  their 
descendants,  still  resident  in  that  parish, 
have,  within  a  generation  or  two,  cor- 
rupted their  name  to  Allcorn. 

ALCOCK.     (See  termination  Cock).     A 

diminutive  of  Hal,  or  Henry.    In  the  H.E. 

it  is  written  Alcoc  and  Alcock. 

g^ALD.    A  prefix  of  local  names,  the  A- 

Sax.  eahl,  old,  ancient ;  as  in  Aldridge, 

Aldwinckle,   Aldworth,    Aldham,   Ald- 

wark,  &c. 

ALDBOROUGII.  A  Suffolk  seaport, 
a  Yorkshire  market-town,  and  a  Norfolk 
village. 

ALDE.  O.  Eng.,  old.  A  Domesd.  per- 
sonal name. 

"  Princes  and  people  ah!  and  yonp, 
All  that  spac  with  Duche  tung." 

MinoCs  Poems  (Ilallne.) 

Aldman  (i.  e.,  old  man)  occurs  as  a  sur- 
name in  the  H.E. 

ALDEN.     Perhaps  Ilalden,  co   Kent. 

CQI'ALDER.  Enters  into  the  composition  of 
many  local  names,  and  consequently  of 
surnames.  It  indicates  places  favour- 
able for  the  growth  of  the  tree  in  some 
instances,  but  much  oftener  it  is  no 
doubt  a  corruption  of  the  A-Sax.  per- 
sonal name   Aldred,   as   m  Alderford, 


Alderby,   Alderuham,  Aldersej',  Alder- 
ton — the  ford,  the  dwelling,  the  home, 
the  island,  and  the  enclosure,  of  Aldred. 
ALDERMAN.  ThcEolderman  of  Saxon 
times   was   a  person  of  great  distinction. 
In  Domesd.  Aldrcman   occurs    without    a 
prefix,  so  that  it  appears  to  have  become 
first  a  baptismal,  and  then  a  family  name. 

ALDERSEY.  An  estate  in  co  Chester, 
possessed  by  the  family  temp.  Henry  III., 
and  still  owned  by  them. 

ALDERSON.      The   son    of  ,  Alder   or 

Aldred.     The   II. R.  have,   however,   "fil' 

Aldith,"  Aldith's  son. 
ALDINGTON,     A  par.  in  Kent,  and  a 

hamlet  in  'Worcestershire. 
ALD  IS.     See  Aldous. 
ALDOUS.    ALDIiOUS.    A  local  name; 

"  the  old  house." 

ALDRED,     An  A-Sax.  personal  name. 

ALDRICH.  An  ancient  personal  name. 
As  a  surname  it  is  foimd  in  the  H.E. 

ALDRIDGE.  Places  in  Staffordshire 
and  elsewhere. 

ALDUS.     Local.     "  The  old  house." 

ALDWINCKLE.  Two  parishes  in  co. 
Northampton  are  so  called. 

ALDWORTH.     A  parish  in  Berkshire, 

which  the  family  originally  possessed. 

ALE.  Apparently  an  ancient  Christian 
name,  as  we  find  in  the  H.E.  the  form 
fir  Ale,  the  son  of  Ale.  In  the  south  of 
England  the  surname  Earle  is  often  pro- 
nounced Ale. 

It  is  an  odd  fact  that  we  have  in  English  family 
nomenclature  all  the  tenns  ordinarily  applied  to  malt 
liquors  ;  Ale,  Beer,  Torter,  and  Stout ;  yet  not  one  of 
these  appellations  is  in  tlie  remotest  degree  related  to 
Sir  John  Barleycorn ;  for  Beer  is  the  name  of  a  place, 
and  Porter  tluit  of  an  occupation,  while  Stout  refcis 
to  the  moral  quaUly  uf  courage  or  bravery,  and,  .as 
we  see  above,  Ale  seems  to  have  been  a  personal 
name. 

ALEFOUNDER.  In  most  places  the 
official  whose  duty  it  is  to  inspect  the  malt 
liquor  of  a  hundred  or  franchise  is  called 
the  ale-taster  or  ale-conner.  The  origin  of 
"  founder  "  is  uncertain. 

"  At  a  Court  Lcet  or  Law  Day,  and  Com-t  of  the 
Portmen  of  the  Borough  of  New  Buckenham,  the 
sub-bailiff,  affiers,  searchers  and  sealers  of  leather, 
examiners  of  tisii  and  flesh,  ofe/i)w?H7er.s,  inspectors  of 
weiglits  and  measures,  and  a  pinder  were  appointed." 
(Korfolk  Chroii.,  Au(j.  19,  1854). 

In  the  records  of  the  manor  of  Hale  in  the  XV 
cent.,  one  Thomas  Layct  is  mentioned  as  being  fined 
for  having  brewed  once,  L'd.,  and  for  ha\ing  concealed 
the  "founding-pot"  (quia  coucelavitle  fowundynge 
pot),  .3d.  Three  Earlij  Metr.  Rem.,  Camd.  ,Soc.  p. 
xxx\iii. 

ALEGII.  'At  the  Lee'  or  meadow.  See 
Leigh  or  Lee.  Its  fo)-m  in  the  H.E.  is  A  la 
Legh.  Attlee  is  another  existing  form  of 
the  same  name, 

ALEHOUSE,  From  residence  at  one; 
an  innkeeper. 

ALEMAN.    1.  SeeAlman.    2.  A  dealer 

in  ale. 
ALESBURY.     Aylesbury,  co.  Bucking- 

ham. 


ALL 

ALEX.  A  nickname  of  Alexander  ;  or 
perhaps  Allic  or  Alick,  a  Domesd.  name. 

ALEXANDER  The  personal  name. 
In  the  H.R.  it  is  variously  written,  as 
Alexandre,  fil'  Alex,  Alexandri.  &c.  A  com- 
mon name  itself,  it  has  Ijecorac,  hy  the  ab- 
breviating process,  the  parent  of  otliers 
still  more  so.  From  its  last  two  syllables 
•\ve  have  Sander,  Sanders,  Sanderson,  Saim- 
der,  Saunders,  Sauuderson,  Sandie,  Sandi- 
son,  Sandercock  ;  from  its  first  two  sylla- 
bles we  get  in  like  maimer,  Alex,  Allix, 
Alle}',  and  Aiken  ;  and  besides  these  forms 
we  have  the  corruptions  Elshender,  Elshie, 
and  probably  Assender. 

ALFORD.     Parishes  in  cos.  Lincoln  and 

Somerset. 

ALFRED.  The  personal  name.  Very 
common  in  Domesd.  and  later,  as  Alured. 

ALFREY.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Alfred ;  or  it  may  be  local,  though  I  cannot 
discover  any  place  so  designated.  The 
name  belongs,  I  think,  almost  exclusively 
to  Sussex.  "The  forms  iElfer,  Alfere,  and 
Alferus  occur  before  1086  in  that  county. 
Domesd. 

ALGAR.     SeeElgar.     In  the  H.R    the 

forms  are  Algar  and  Algor. 

ALGERNON.     The  personal  name. 

ALICOCK,  A  diminutive  of  Alick,  the 
nickname  of  Alexander. 

ALINGTON.  The  Alingtons  of  Ilorse- 
heath,  co.  Camb.,  claimed  descent  from 
llildebrand  de  Alington,  "uuder-marshal 
to  the  Conqueror  at  Hastings,"  though 
their  pedigree  was  not  traceable  beyond 
temp.  Edw.  IV. 

ALISON.  William  Alis  occurs  in  Domes- 
day as  a  chief  tenant  in  Hampshire  under 
the  Conqueror,  and  he  was  probably  the 
patriarch  of  the  large  tribe  of  the  Ellises, 
as  well  as  of  the  Ellisons,  Alisons,  Fitz- 
Ellises,  &c.  See  under  Ellis.  It  may  be 
remarked  that  the  vulgar  pronunciation  of 
Ellis  in  the  South  is  exactly  tlie  same  as 
that  of  the  female  personal  name  Alice. 
The  prevalence  of  the  Christian  name  Ar- 
chibald, and  the  use  of  the  fleur-de-lis  by 
the  Alisons  support  this  conjecture. 

ALKINS.  Probably  the  same  as  Haw- 
kins. 

ALLAINE.     See  Allen. 

ALLAN.    See  Allen.   Also  Gael,  alleav^ 

grim,  fierce. 
ALLANSON.     See  Fitz-Alan. 

ALLARD  YCE.  An  estate  in  the  parish 
of  Arbuthnot,  co.  Kincardine. 

ALLAWAY.  Alloway,  a  parish  in  Ayr- 
shire. 

ALLBLASTER.  O.  l^ng.  alhlastere,  a 
cross-bo\nuan. 

ALLBONES.  Perhaps  a  cori-uption  of 
Aldbourne.      So  Hollowlione  from    Iloly- 

■  bourne.  The  personal  name  Alban  may, 
however,  be  the  source. 


ALL 

ALLBRIGIIT.  A  personal  name  (Al- 
bert). Ailbriht  occurs  in  Domesd.  anterior 
to  lose. 

ALLCARD.  An  A-Sax.  personal  name, 
Alcheard.     Codex  Dipl.  520. 

ALLCOCK.     See  Alcock. 

ALLCROFT.     See  Croft. 

ALLEN.  From  the  personal  name  Alan, 
common  in  Is^rman  times.  Edw.  Allen 
or  Alleyne,  when  he  founded  Dulwich  Col- 
lege, 1019,  directed  that  the  master  and  the 
warden  of  his  establishment  should  bear 
the  name  of  Alleyne  or  Allen,  a  regulation 
which  has  always  been  adhered  to  without 
much  inconvenience,  on  account  of  the  nu- 
merousness  of  the  families  bearing  it. 
There  are  more  than  fifty  coats -armorial 
assigned  to  the  surname. 

Scaliger,  who  reckoned  among  his  ancestry  some 
who  bore  the  name  of  Alan,  dednces  the  word  from  a 
Sclavonic  tei-m,  signifying  "  a  liound."  Chaucer  ap- 
plies tliis  name  to  a  breed  of  large  dogs : 

"  Abouten  his  cliar  ther  -wcnten  white  alauns," 
for  deer  or  lion  hunting  ;  and  the  Lords  Dacre  used 
for  their  supporter  an  «/«(/»  or  wolf-dog;  but  Cam- 
den dissents  from  this  derivation,  and  thinks  as  the 
name  was  introduced  Jicre  in  tlie  Conqueror's  time  by 
Alan,  Earl  of  Brittany,  that  it  was  from  an  Armorican 
source,  and  equivalent  to  the  Itonian  "  iKliauus,  that 
is,  sun-bright." 

ALLENBY.  AUonby,  a  parish  in  Cum- 
berland. 

ALLENDER.     A  sm.all  river  in  the  shia-es 

of  Dumbarton  and  Stirling. 

ALLENSON.  The  son  of  Alienor  Alan. 
Perhaps  in  some  cases  from  Alen5on,  in 
Normandy. 

ALLERTON.  There  are  parishes  and 
chapelries  so  called  in  cos.  Lancaster,  York, 
Somerset,  &c. 

ALLEY.  A  small  passage  or  lane  be- 
tween houses.  Perhaps,  however,  a  dimi- 
nutive or  nursename  of  Alfred,  Allen,  or 
some  other  Christian  name. 

ALLEYNE.    See  Allen. 

ALLFREE.     See  Alfrey. 

ALLGOOD.Algod  occurs  before  Domesd. 

as  a  personal  name. 
ALLIBONE.     A  corruption  probably  of 

Haliibourue,  i.e.,  Holy-bourne. 

ALLICK.  A  common  nickname  of 
Alexander;  but  Allic  and  Alich  occur  in 
Domesd.  as  baptismal. 

ALLINGHAM.     A  parish  in  Kent. 

ALLNUTT.     The   A-Sax.    iElnod    or 

Alnod.     Domesd.  ante  1086. 
ALLOI\r.     See  Ilallam. 
ALLOTT.     Probably  the  same  as  Ilal- 

Ictt. 
ALLTREW     or    ALTREE.      A-Sax. 

aid,  old,  and  ircon;  tree— a  local  surname. 

ALLWORK.     Aldwark,  a  hamlet  in  co. 

Derby. 
ALLWRIGIIT.     Perhaps    a  maker    of 

awls.     See  Wright. 


ALS 


AMI 


ALMACK.  The  family  have  a  tradition 
that  the  first  Almack  was  a  Mac-All,  of 
Argyleshire,  who  transposed  the  syllables 
of  his  name  on  coming  to  the  South. 

Most  if  not  all  the  existiiiK  bearers  of  this  sinsular 
patronjTiiic  desceiitl  fi'oiu  a  liichanl  A  hnoke,  of  Vork- 
shire,  whose  curious  will,  with  that  of  his  son  John, 
is  printed  in  Arch.  Journ.  v.  ;UC.  In  34  .and  35, 
Hen.  VIII.,  this  Richard  is  written  Awmoke,  and 
still  later  Hawiuoke.  It  is  worth  recording  that 
"  Almack  riace,"  in  Hong  Kong,  wae  named  after 
William  A.,  one  of  the  founders  of  the  city  of  Victoria 
in  that  Colony,  who  died  on  his  voyage  fi-om  China  in 
1846.  The  founder  of  the  celebrated  Alraack's  l?ooms 
was  of  a  Yorkshire  Quaker  family.  The  Almack 
motto,  based  upon  the  supposed  Scottish  extraction  of 
the  race,  is  HACK  AL  SICKER. 

ALiMAINE.  Not  from  the  Fr.  Alle- 
magne,  Germany,  as  might  be  supposed ; 
but  from  Allemagne,  a  ijlace  near  Caen, 
famous  for  its  quarries  of  Caen  stone. 
From  this  identity  of  name,  that  stone  is 
often  misunderstood  to  have  been  brought 
from  Germany. 

ALMAjST.  From  the  Fr.  V Alkmand—iha 
German.  See  however,  Aluiaine.  The 
family  w^ere  in  E.  Sussex  in  the  XIV  cent. 

AL]\IER.     See  Aylmer. 

ALMIGER.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Alnager,  "  an  officer,  Avho  by  himself  or 
his  deputy,  looks  to  the  assize  of  all  cloth 
made  of  "wool  throughout  the  land,  and 
puts  a  seal  for  that  purpose  ordained  unto 
them.  Stat.  35  Edw.  III."  Termes  de  la 
Ley.     See  Auluager  in  Jamieson. 

ALMON.  ALIMOND.  See  Alman  and 
Ellmau. 

ALMONT.  A  corruption  of  the  latini- 
zation  "de  Alto  Monte,"  and  therefore 
synonymous  with  Mouthaut  and  ilountain. 

ALPHE.  ALPHEN.   ALPIIEW.   AL- 

PHEGH.     See  under  Elphick. 

ALPHRAMAN".  Alfarez,  Span.,  an  en- 
sign. According  to  Halliwell,  this  term  is 
used  by  Ben  Jonson  and  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher;  and  Xares,  on  the  authority  of 
Harl.  M.S.  6801,  affirms  that  it  was  in  use 
in  our  army  during  the  civil  wars  of 
Charles  I.  It  is  therefore  possible  that 
Alphraman  may  be  equivalent  to  the  old 
corrupt  "ancient,"  or  ensign.  The  reader 
will  doubtless  call  to  mind  the  "  Ancient 
Pistol "  of  Shakspeare. 

ALPINE.     MacAlpin,  a  Scottish  name. 

ALPRAM.  Alpraham,  a  parish  in  Che- 
shire. 

ALS.     A  place  in  Burian,  co.  Cornwall. 

ALSAGER.     A  chapelry  in  Cheshire. 

ALSCH UNDER.  Supposed  to  be  a  cor- 
ruption of  Alexander,  which  in  Scotland  is, 
in  common  j»arlance,  pronounced  Elshiner. 

ALSFORD.  Two  parishes  in  Hampshire, 
and  one  in  Esses  bear  the  name  of  Aires- 
ford. 

ALSOP.  ALLSOP.  This  ancient  nice 
were  seated  at  Alsop-in-the-Dale,  in  Derby- 
shire, about  the  time  of  the  Conquest,  and 
there  continued  in  an  unijiterruptcd  descent 
for  19  or  20  generations. 


ALSTON.  Places  in  cos.  Lancaster, 
"Worcester,  &c. 

ALTARIPA  DE.  See  Hawtrey  and 
Deal  try. 

ALTER IPE.     See  Altaripa  de. 

ALTHORPE.  Places  In  cos.  Northampt., 

Lincoln,  and  Norfolk. 
ALTON.     A  town   in  Hampshire,    and 

parishes  or  places  in  cos.  Wilts,    Dorset, 

Stafford,  &c. 

ALUM.     ALLUM.     See  Hallam. 

ALVERD.  This  name  Is  sometimes 
written  Alured,  i.e.,  Ahred  or  Alfred,  but 
it  may  occasionally'  be  a  corruption  of  Al- 
ford.     Another  variation  is  Alvert. 

ALWYN.  An  A-Sax.  personal  name. 
It  has  taken  the  various  forms  of  Aylwin, 
Elwin,  Alwine,  Aylen,  &c.,  &c.  Fitz  Alwyn 
was  the  first  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  from 
11S9  to  1212. 

ALWORTH  Y.  Most  likely  a  corruption 
of  Aldworth.     See  Ai.D  and  Worth. 

AMAND.  A  Saint  Amancl  was  vene- 
rated in  Normandy,  and  there  are  several 
places  in  that  province  which  bear  his 
name.  Fil'  Amand,  i.e.,  Fitz-Amand,  oc- 
curs in  the  H.R. 

AI\IBER.  An  A-Sax.  personal  name, 
whence  Amberlej'^,  Ambersham,  Amberhill, 

&c. 

AilBLER.  Le  Amhleur,  Fr.,  an  officer  of 
tlic  king's  stable.  Ambuler  means  an  am- 
bling horse. 

"  Soo  was  Epynogrys  and  his  lady  horsed,  and  his 
ladv  beliynde  hym  upon  a  softe  ambuler."  Morte 
d'Arthur,  ii.,  148. 

AINIBROSE.     The  Greek  personal  name. 

Divine,  immortal. 
A]\ICOTTS.     A  township  In  co.  Lincoln. 

AMER,     See  Amour. 

AMEREDITH.  The  same  arms  are  as- 
signed to  this  name  as  to  that  of  Meredith  ; 
the  initial  "  A  "  may  therefore  be  regarded 
as  the  equivalent  of  "  Ap." 

AMERVILLE.  Probably  the  same  as 
Amfreville.  Eight  places  of  this  latter 
name  are  given  in  Itin.  de  la  Normandie, 
and  are  said  to  have  received  their  desig- 
nation from  the  personal  name  Anfred. 
"  Ces  Amfreville  devraient  etre  ecrits  Anfre- 
ville,  puis  que  leur  nom  latin  est  Anfredi- 
villa."     Itin.  p.  373. 

AMES.  A  corrupt  spelling,  though  still 
retaining  the  souird,  of  Exmcs,  a  town  in 
the  department  of  Orne,  in  Normandy. 

AMESBURY.     A  town  in  WHtshire. 

AMHERST.  The  pedigree  Is  traced  to 
A.D.  1400,  at  Pcrabury,  co.  Kent,  and  the 
locality  of  Amherst  is  in  that  j^arish. 

AINIIAS.  Camden  treats  this  as  a  per- 
sonal name,  deducing  it  from  the  Lat. 
amatns.  "The  earls  and  dukes  of  SaA^oy, 
which  be  commonly  called  Aime,  were  in 
Latin  called  Araadeus,  that  is,  'loving  God,' 
as  Theophilus.  We  do  now  use  Amias  for 
this,  in  difference  from  Amie,  the  woman's 


AND 


8 


ANN 


name.  Some  deduce  Am^ias  from  ^milius, 
tlie  Roman  name/'  It  may  be  addeJ, 
however,  that  the  town  of  Amiens,  in  Pi- 
cardy,  is  spelt  Amias  by  oui-  old  chroni- 
clers. In  E.G.  IG  it  is  written  wrongly — 
or,  at  aU  events,  Amiss  ! 

AINITES.  Probably  another  form  of 
Amias.  which  see. 

AilMOX.     Either  Amand  or  Hammond 

AHOORE.     See  Amour. 

A3I0R.     The  same  as  Amour,  which  see. 

AMORY.  A:MERY.  From  the  per- 
sonal name  Emeric  or  Alraericus,  equiva- 
lent to  the  Italian  Amerigo,  latinized  Ame- 
ricus,  whence  the  name  of  the  great  western 
continent.  It  seems  to  have  undergone 
the  following  changes:  Emeric,  Emery, 
Amery,  Amory,  Ammorj^  and  in  Domesd. 
Haimericus.  It  is  asserted,  however 
(B.L.G.),  that  "  the  fiimily  of  D'Amery 
came  to  Engl,  with  the  Conqueror  from 
Toui-s." 

AMOS.     The  personal  name. 

A:M0UR.     A-Moor,  that  is,  at  or  of  the 

moor,  from  residence  upon  one. 

AMPHLETT.  "  Amflete,  Amfleot  et  aliis 
Ampleot  [Sax.],  a  haven  in  France  (as  I 
gesse)  near  Boloigne."    Lambarde's  Diet. 

AJISOX.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Adamson. 

A:\IYAXD.  The  first  baronet  of  tliis 
name  (1764)  was  grandson  of  M.  Amyand, 
a  native  of  France,  who  quitted  that 
coimtry  on  the  Eev.  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes, 
16S5.     Baronetage. 

A^MYE.  Ft.  ami.  A  friend.  L'Amye 
occ\irs  temp.  Eliz.   as  a  Frenchman    in 

Sussex. 

AMYOT.  A  derivative  of  the  personal 
name  Amias.    Aniiot.     H.K. 

AXCELL  AXSELL.  Anselm,  a  well- 
known  Xormau  Christian  name. 

2.  An  an- 


An  inn  sign. 


A>rCHOR.     1. 

chorite  or  hermit. 

"  An  andwr's  cheer  in  prison  be  my  hope." 

Hamlet. 

AXD.  A  family  of  this  name  bore  as 
arms  a  Eonian  "&."  Encycl.  Herald. 
"And"  would  appear  to  have  been  either 
a  qualifying  epithet  or  an  ancient  personal 
designation,  since  it  often  occurs  in  compo- 
sition with  topographical  tenus ;  e.  g.,  And- 
borough,  And-by,  ^Vnd-over,  An-croft. 

AXDERS.     Probably    a    corruption    of 

Andrews. 

AXDERSOX.     The  son  of  Andrew. 
AXDERTOX.    A  townsliip  and    estate 

in  CO.  Lancaster,  formerly  possessed  by  the 

family. 

AXDREW.     The  personal  name. 
AXDREWS.     The  son  of  Andrew. 
ANDROS.     A    corruption   of  Andrews. 

This  orthography  is  in  use  in  the  Channel 

Islands. 


ANGELL.  A  common  imi  sign.  More 
I^robably,  liowevcr,  from  Anegole  or  Angold, 
a  personal  name,  as  we  find  it  occasionally 
with  the  suffix  son.  Sometimes  there  may 
be  a  direct  allusion  to  the  celestial  hierarchy, 
as  in  the  cognate  foreign  surnames  Angelo, 
Angellis.  Angellico. 

AXGELSOX.  The  son  of  Anegold,  a 
pei"sonal  name. 

ANGER.  Perhaps  from  one  who  per- 
sonated tliis  vice  in  some  miracle  play ; 
more  probably,  however,  from  hanger,  a 
word  descriptive  of  localitj-,  A  hanger  is 
a  wooded  declivity. 

"  The  hi.^h  part  to  the  south-west  consists  of  a  v,nst 
liill  of  chalk,  rising  three  liundred  feet  above  tlic 
Till.n,s;e ;  and  is  dinded  inta  a  sheep-do\\Ti,  the  high 
wood,  and  a  long  hanging  wood  called  the  Hanger." 
^^^litcs  Selbome. 

AXGE"\TXE.  A  natis-e  of  Anjou.  In 
the  H.E.  the  name  is  Amttenwith  the  pre- 
fix "le."' 

AI^GOS.     See  Angus. 

AXGOVE  "In  this  parish  (Illogan) 
liveth  Eeginald  Angove,  Gent.,  i.  e.,  Eegi- 
nald  the  Smith,  a  sirname  assumed  in  me- 
mory of  his  lii'st  ancestor,  who  was  hy 
trade  and  occupation  a  smith.  ^\jid  of  this 
sort  of  sirname  in  England  thus  speaks 
Terstigan : 

"  From  whence  came  Smith,  all  be  it  knight  or  squire, 
But  fixim  the  smith  that  forceth  in  the  fire." 

Hals  MSS^D.  Gilbert's  Coi-ntcall. 

AXGUISH  AXGWISHE.  Probably 
local,  from  its  termination  in  ivisJi ;  or  per- 
haps a  corruption  of  Angus. 

AXGUvS.  The  ancient  name  of  Forfar- 
shire, in  Scotland. 

iV]XHAULT.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Hainnult.  a  territory  or  province  of  the 
XetJierlands. 

ANKETELL.  Anchitel,  a  personal  name 
of  Scandinavian  origiu,  occurring  in 
Domesd.  and  other  early  records. 

AXK     AXXS.     See  Anne. 

AXXADALE.     See  Annan. 

ANXAX.  A  parish  in  co.  Dumfries,  on 
the  riA'cr  of  the  same  name,  whence  -\jinan- 
dale. 

AXX^'AXDALE.  Sometimes  written  An- 
uadale.     See  Annan. 

AXXE.  Anna  is  a  Scandinavian  male 
personal  name  of  liigh  antiquity,  and  hence, 
perhaps,  Anne,  Anson,  Anns,  Anuett,  Ann- 
ing. 

AXXESLEY.  A  parish  in  co.  X^otting- 
ham,  which  was  possessed  by  the  family 
from  the  reign  of  the  Conqueror,  1079. 

AN>7EVILLE.  There  are  several  vil- 
lages in  Normandy  bearing  this  name. 
The  English  family,  according  to  De  Ger- 
rille,  originated  from  AnncAalle-en-Saine, 
a  parish  in  the  arrondissement  of  Yalognes. 
One  of  the  family  was  lord  of  that  place  in 
lOGG;  liis  brotlier  joined  the  Conqueror's 
army,  and  became  progenitor  of  the  d'An- 


APE 


APP 


villes  of  this   country.     Mem.    Soc.   Ant. 
Norraandie,  1825. 

ANNIS.     See  Female  Christian  Names. 

ANSELME.  Anselm,  a  well-known  per- 
sonal name.  It  is  sometimes  corrupted  to 
Ancell  and  Ansell. 

ANSLOW.     A  township  in  co.  StaflTord. 

ANSON.  Such  names  as  An-son,  Nel- 
son, Bet-son,  &c.,  have  been  regarded  as  a 
sort  of  mctron}Tiiics,  and  therefore  consi- 
dered indicative  of  illegitimac}' ;  but  I  think 
there  is  little  doubt  of  the  former  part  of 
these  names  being  in  man)^  cases  corruj)- 
tions  of  masculine  appellations.  Anson  is 
probably  a  contraction  of  Alanson. 

ANSTEY.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Herts,  Leicester,  Warwick,  Wilts,  and  Devon. 

ANSTIS.  Probably  a  contraction  of 
Anastasius. 

ANSTRUTHER.  William  de  Candela 
held  the  barony  of  ^Vnstruther,  in  co.  P'ife, 
about  1153.  His  grandson  Henry  appears 
to  have  assumed  the  surname  in  or  before 
1221.     Baronetage. 

ANTIION.  ANTON.  1.  An  abbre- 
viation of  Anthony.  2.  A  river  of  Hamp- 
shire. 

ANTHONY.  The  personal  name ;  also 
a  parish  in  Cornwall.  Places  called  St. 
Antoine  and  Antoigni  occur  in  Nonuandy. 

ANTILL.  Ampthill,  a  parish  in  co.  Bed- 
ford. 

ANTROBUS.  A  township  in  Cheshire, 
the  original  i-esidenee  of  the  famil}',  sold  by 
them  temp.  Hen.  VI.,  but  repurchased  in 
1S08,  by  Sir  Edm.  Antrobus. 

ANTRON.  A  place  in  theparish  of  Sith- 
ney,  co.  Cornwall. 

ANVERS.  The  city  of  Antwerp,  in 
Belgium.  Danvers  is  anotlier  form  of  the 
same  name. 

AN'VaL.     See  Anneville. 


t@°AP.  A  Welsh  prefix,  signifying  "the  son 
of."  It  was  sometimes  written  Ab  and 
Yap.  See  Eng.  Surn.,  i.,  17.,  for 
anecdotes  and  remarks.  Andrew  Borde, 
in  his  Boke  of  Knowledge,  makes  a 
Welshman  say : 

"  I  am  a  gentylman  and  come  of  Brutus  blood, 
My  name  is  ap  Ryce,  ap  Daw,  ap  Flood. 

*  *  *         "  *  « 

My  kjTidred  is  ap  Hoby,  ap  Jcnkin,  ap  Goffe, 
Because  I  do  go  barelegged  I  do  cache  the  coffe." 

Sometimes  the  letter  P  or  B  (in  ah) 
coalesced  with  the  following  syllable, 
and  thus  Ap  Piyhs  became  Price ;  Ap 
Howell,  Powell ;  Ap  Robyn,  Probyn  ; 
Ab  Ithell,  Bithell;  Ab  Enyon,  Benyon. 

ANWYL.     (Welsh.)     Dear,  beloved. 

APAD.UI.  OVelsh.)  The  son  of  Adam, 
Adamson. 

APE.  John  le  Ape.  H.R.  This  "  Jack- 
anapes" appears  to  have  been  an  inhabitant 
of  the  parish  of  St.  Frideswide's,  Oxford. 
Prof.   Leo.  thinks  that  the  ape  (simius) 


gave  name  to  some  English  Iccalitics,  which 
seems  incredible.  It  is  true,  however,  that 
we  have  some  names  of  places,  of  which  this 
word  is  a  component  syllable,  as  Apethorpe, 
Apeton,  Apewood,  Apenholt,  Apedale,  &c. ' 

APEDAILE.     See  Ape. 

APEELE.    At-the-Poel.     See  Peel. 

AP  GRIFFYN.     (Welsh  )     The  son  of 
Griffin  or  Griffith. 

AP  GWENAVEY.     (Welsh.)     The    son 

of  Gwenwey. 

AP  HARRY.     (Welsh.)     The    son    of 
Harry,  Harrison.     Hence  Parry. 

AP  HOWELL.  (Welsh.)  The  son  of 
Howell.     Hence  Powell. 

APJOHN.  (Welsh.)  The  son  of  John, 
Johnson.  It  is  sometimes  strangely  cor- 
rupted into  Upjohn  and  Applejohn. 

AP   MADOC.     (Welsh.)     The    son    of 

I\Iadoc. 

AP  MERICK.  (Welsh.)  The  son  of 
Meirric. 

AP  iVIEURICE.     (Welsh.)     The  son  of 

Meurice  or  Morris. 

APOSTLES.  Probably  a  religious  inn 
sign. 

APOWELL.     (Welsh.)     Ap  Howel,  the 

son  of  Howel. 

APPELBY.  APPLEBY.  APPLEBEE. 

The    CO.    town   of    Westmoreland  ;     also 
parishes  in  cos.  Leicester  and  Lincoln. 

APPENRICK.  (Welsh.)  Ap  Henrick, 
the  son  of  Henrich  or  Henry. 

I^^APPLE,  a  prefix  to  many  local  sur- 
names, is  the  A-Sax.  a>j)l,  and  denotes  a 
place  where  apples  abounded,  as  Apple- 
by, Apple.?bury,  Apledrefield,  Apelton,  or 
Appleton,  &c. 

APPLEFORD.     A  chapelry  in  Berks. 

APPLEGARTH.  (Apple  and  garth.) 
An  enclosure  for  apple  trees,  an  orchard.  It 
has  been  corrupted  to  Applegath,  Apple- 
gate,  &c. 

APPLEJOHN.  Most  probably  a  cor- 
ruption of  the  Welsh  Ap-.Iohn.  There  Avas, 
however,  a  species  of  apple  which  bore  this 
name.  "Do  I  not  bate?  Do  I  not 
dwindle?"  says  Falstaff;  "A\liy  my  skin 
hangs  about  me  like  an  old  lady's  loose 
gown ;  I  am  withered  like  an  old  Apple- 
John.''''  Hen.  IV.,  actiii.  An  apple  grown 
in  the  eastern  counties  is  still  known  by 
this  apjJcllation. 

APPLEMAN.  A  grower  of,  or  dealer 
in  apples.  The  trade  of  a  costermonger 
derives  its  name  from  costard,  a  large  kind 
of  apple,  the  commodity  in  which  he 
principally  dealt.  The  original  ilr.  Apple- 
man  must  then  have  been  a  medieval  cos- 
termonger. 

APPLETON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Berks,  Chester,  Lancaster,  Norfolk,  York, 
kc. 


ARA 

APPLETREE.  (A-Sax.  apt  and  treoiv). 
Our  Saxon  forefathers  named  many  locali- 
ties— which  have  since  given  rise  to  sur- 
names— from  trees.  Appledore,  Kent,  Ap- 
pledore,  Devon ;  Appledram,  Sussex,  and 
other  places  are  well-known  to  ha^-e  de- 
rived their  designations  thus.  The  Saxon 
Clu-onicle  describes  the  battle  of  Hastings 
as  having  taken  place  cet  tliwre  hdran 
ajnddran,  "at  the  hoary  apple-tree,"  pro- 
bably from  same  venerable  tree  of  that 
species  growing  near  at  hand.  Contrib.  to 
Lit.  71.  The  "hoar  apple  tree"  was  a 
common  lancbnark  in  Saxon  times.  Mr. 
Hamper  has  collected  no  less  than  14  in- 
stances in  different  counties.  Archao- 
logia  XXV,  35. 

APPLEYARD.     APPULYARD.    AP- 

ILIARD.  An  orchard.  The  word  is  em- 
ployed by  Hulvet  in  his  Abecedarium, 
1552.  Halliw. 
APPS.  Apparently  a  genitive  form  of 
Ape  or  Appe;  a  personal  name,  ante  106G. 
Domesd. 

APREECE.      APREES.      AP     RICE. 

AP  EYCE.  (Welsh).  Ap  Rhys,  the  son 
of  Rhys.  The  baronet's  family  (Apreece) 
claim  descent  from  Gruffyth  ap  Eees,  prince 
of  South  Wales.     Hence  Price. 

AP  ROBERT.  (Welsh).  The  son  of 
Robert.  Hence  Probert.  The  name  some- 
times took  the  form  of  Robin,  and  hence 
Ap  Robyn,  Probj^n. 

APSLEY.  A  manor  in  Thakeliam,  co. 
Sussex,  where  the  family  were  resident  in 
1347. 

AP  THOMAS.  (Welsh.)  The  son  of 
Thomas. 

APWENWYK  (Welsh.)  The  son  of 
Enyon  or  Wenwyn.  This  name  has  also 
taken  tlie  form  of  Benyon. 

AQUILA  DE.  "  The  surname  of  this 
family  was  originally  assumed  from  Aquila, 
in  Normandy;  so  denoniiuated  by  reason 
an  eagle  had  made  her  nest  in  an  oak 
growing  there  when  the  castle  was  first 
building.  Eugenulf  de  Aquila  accompanied 
Duke  William' into  England."  Banks.  The 
family  were  banished  by  Henry  III.,  and 
probably  never  returned,  as  their  name  does 
not  occur  in  more  recent  times,  unless,  in- 
deed, the  modern  ErjJcs  be  a  translation  of 
it.  See  WcheU.  The  manor  of  Pevensey, 
CO.  Sussex,  of  which  the  De  Aquilas  were 
anciently  lords,  is  still  called  the  "honour 
of  the  Eagle,"  from  that  circumstance. 
Eugenulf,  who  is  called  by  Master  'W'ace 
Engerran  de  I'Aigle,  fell  at  Hastings.  Ord. 
Vit.  "  And  Engerran  de  TAigle  came  also, 
with  a  shield  slung  at  his  neck,  and,  gal- 
lantly handlinghis  spear,  struck  down  many 
English.  He  strove  hard  to  serve  the  Duke 
v^'ell  for  the  sake  of  the  lands  he  had  pro- 
mised him."  Taylor's  Roman  de  Rou,  p. 
21. 

ARABIA.  I  am  informed  that  the 
founder  of  this  family  came  over  with 
William  III.,  and  fought  at  the  battle  of 
the  Boyne. 


10  ARC 


ARAGAND  or  ARAGUNE.    Probably 

from  Arragon,  the  Spanish  province. 
ARBER.     See  Harbour. 
ARBLASTER.      An     arbalistarius     or 
cross-bo^^^nan. 

"  And  in  the  Icernils*  here  and  there, 
Of  arblastirs  great  plenty  were." 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  419S. 

It  was  sometimes  applied  to  the  cross-bow 

itself: 

"  With  alhlastres  and  -with  stones, 
They  s]ow^  men  and  hralien  bones." 

Kyng  Alisaundev,  1211.     (Halliw.) 

Several  of  the  distinguished  archers  at  the 
battle  of  Hastings  became  tenants  in  chief 
under  the  Conqueror,  and  are  entered  in 
Domesd.  with  the  surname  Arbalistarius 
or  Balistarius.  Hence  the  names  Alabaster, 
Blast,  and  others. 

ARBUCKLE.    A  possible  corruption  of 

Harbottle. 

ARBURY.  ARBERY.  A  township  in 
Lancashire. 

ARBUTHNOT.  A  parish  in  Kincar- 
dineshire. The  first  of  the  family  was 
Hugh  de  Aburbothenoth,  Avho  assumed  his 
surname  from  the  lands  which  he  acquired 
in  1105  with  the  daughter  of  Osbert  Olifard, 
and  on  which  his  descendants  have  resided 
for  more  than  twenty  generations.    Peerage. 

ARBUTT.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Herbert. 

ARCEDECKNE.     See  Archdeacon. 

ARCH.  From  residence  near  one.  A 
bridge  is  often  provincially  called  an  arch. 

ARCHARD.  A  provincial  pronuncia- 
tion of  orchard, 

ARCHBELL.  A  corruption  of  Archi- 
bald. 

ARCHBISHOP.  See  Ecclesiastical  Sur- 
names. 

ARCHBOLD.  A  corruption  of  Archi- 
bald. 

ARCHBUTT.  A  corruption  of  Archi- 
bald. 

ARCHDEACON".  An  eminent  Cornish 
family  in  the  XIV.  cent,  wrote  themselves 
Arclidekne.  The  cognate  name  Archidi- 
acre  occurs  in  France,  from  which  country 
the  English  lamily  would  appear  to  have 
migrated,  since  three  cheverons  form  the 
main  feature  of  the  arms  of  both  families, 
as  well  as  of  another  English  family  named 
Arehidecknie. 

ARCHER.    Tlie  i^rogenitor  of  the  Barons 
Archer  is  said  to  have  been  Fulbert  L'Ar- 
cher,    who  came  in  with  the  Conqueror. 
Ext.  Peerage.     But  this  name  must  have 
had  many  distinct  origins.  See  Archeky. 
SSTARCHERY.    In  old  English  warfare 
the  long  bow  was  the  favourite  weapon, 
and  it  was  also  the  chief  instrument  of 
the  nation^al  pastime.  Our  family  nomen- 
clature  alxuinds  in   names  relating  to 
archery;  thus  we  have  Archer  and  Bow- 
man, Bowyer  and  Bowmaker,  Arrow- 

*  Emhrasures  of  a  -wall. 


ARG  11 

smith  and  Fletcher,  Stringer  and  Butts, 
besides  man}-  others  whose  reference  to 
the  pursuit  is  less  obvious. 
ARCHIBALD.     The  baptismal  name. 
ARCHIE.     lu  Scotland,  a  diminutive  or 
nurse-name  of  Archibald. 
ARKCOLL.     Perhaps  from  the  parish  of 
of  Ercall  Magna,  or  High  Ercall,  in  Shrop- 
shire.    A  more  likely  derivation,  however, 
is  from  the  Dutch  Van  Arkel,  a  noble  fa- 
mily renowned  for  their  courage. 

Accoi-ding  to  an  ancient  proverb,  of  all  the  nobles 
of  Holland,  the  Brederodes  were  the  noblest,  the 
Wassenaars  the  oldest,  the  Egmonts  the  richest,  and 
the  Arkels  the  stoutest  in  conflict : 

"  Brederode  de  edelste,  Wassenaars  de  outste, 
Egraont  de  rijkste,  en  Arkel  de  stoutste." 
The  locaUty  from  which  the  Arkels  derived  their 
title  was  so  called  from  the  remains  of  a  temple  de- 
dicated in  Roman  times  to  Hercules.  It  is  worthy  of 
notice  that  the  A-Sax.  form  of  Hercules  is  En-ol. 
Dixon's  Surnames.  Ai-!dl  was  also  a  Saxon  name. 
Ai-kil,  a  great  baron  of  Northumbria,  who  fled  before 
WUliam  the  Conqueror,  settled  in  Scotland,  and  be- 
came the  founder  of  the  Earls  of  Lennox. 

ARDEN.  The  Ardens  of  Arden,  co. 
Warwick,  claimed  direct  descent  from  Si- 
vard  de  Arden,  son  of  Turchil  de  Warwick, 
who,  though  of  Saxon  origin,  held  under 
the  Conqueror  as  a  tenant  in  chief.  See 
Arderne. 

ARDERNE.  "  The  traditionary  account 
of  the  origin  of  this  family  is  from  Tur- 
chctil,  son  of  Alwjm,  officiary  earl  of  War- 
wick, in  the  time  of  Edward  the  Confessor ; 
which  Turchetil  succeeded  his  father,  but 
being  afterwards  deprived  of  his  earldom 
by  William  the  Conqueror,  retired  to  the 
woody  part  of  the  county,  and  assumed 
the  name  of  Arderne  or  Arden."     Banks. 

ARDES.      ARDIS.      ARDYS.      AR- 

DERES.  May  be  various  forms  of  the 
same  name.  There  are  two  small  parishes  in 
Kent  called  Upper  and  Lower  Hardrcs. 
See  Hardres  and  Hards.  In  Scot.  Allar- 
dyce  is  so  corrupted. 

ARDLEY.     A  parish  in  co.  Oxford. 

ARESKIN.  A  sufHcicntly  obvious  cor- 
ruption of  the  Scottish  name  Erskine, 
which,  indeed,  is  so  pronounced  in  the 
North. 

AREY.     See  Airey. 

ARGALL.  Possibly  from  Ercall,  a 
parish  in  Shropshire. 

ARGENTE.  ARGENT.  A  contrac- 
tion of  Argenton. 

ARGENTON.  ARGENTINE.  Ar- 
gentan,  a  considerable  town  in  the  south  of 
Normandy,  formerly  written  Argcntomagus. 
David  de  Argentomago  Avas  a  tenant  in  chief 
under  the  Conqueror,  in  cos.  Bedford  and 
Camb.  His  descendants  were  ennobled  as 
barons  Argentine. 

ARGEVILLE.  Perhaps  from  Argueil, 
near  Neufchatel,  in  Normandy. 

ARGLES.  Possibly  a  corruption  of 
Argyle,  the  Scottish  county. 

ARGUMENT.  This  strange  name  occurs 
in  the  E.G.  16.  It  is  probably  a  corruption 
of  the  French  aign  moiit,  mont-agu,  mons 
acutus,  the  sharp-pointed  hill.     There  is  a 


AEM 

hamlet  bearing  the  name  of  Aigumont,  in 
the  arrondissement  of  Dieppe,  in  Normandy. 

ARIELL.  Ariel,  the  name  of  an  angel, 
cognate  with  Michael,  Gabriel,  &c. 

ARIES.  Probably  a  Latinization  of  the 
name  Ram.  Aris,  Areas,  and  Arcs  seem  to 
be  mere  variations  in  the  orthography. 

ARKELL.     See  Arkcoll. 

ARKWRIGHT.  An  "  ark,"  in  the  north, 
signifies  a  meal  or  flour-chest,  which  is 
usually  made  of  oak,  and  sometimes  elabo- 
rately carved.  Halliw.  The  maker  of 
such  chests  was  an  Arkwright.  The  strong 
boxes  in  which  the  Jews  kept  their 
valuables,  were  anciently  called  their  arks 
(archas).  Hunter's  Hallamshire  Glossary. 
Area  is  used  in  this  latter  sense  by  the 
classical  writers : 
Quantum  quisque  sua  nummorum  servat  in  arccl, 
Tantum  habet  et  fidei. 

Juv.  Sal.  iii.,  143. 

The  word  occurs  in  Foedera  45,  Hen.  Ill, 
In  the  H.R.  the  surname  occurs  as  le  Coffrer, 
coffer-maker. 

ARKYBUS.  The  harquebus  or  hand- 
cannon,  and  probably  also  the  man  who 
wielded  it.  See  a  cognate  example  of  this 
double  application  under  Arblaster. 

ARLE.  Possibly  from  Aries,  in  Pro- 
A'ence. 

ARINI.  Appears  to  have  been  an  .ancient 
personal  name.  It  is  found  in  comj^osition 
with  the  local  surnames,  Armfield,  Ann- 
stead,  2\.rmsby,  Armsworth,  &c. 

ARMENY.  ARMONY.    Old  spellings  of 
Armenia.     This  name  originated,  perhaps, 
in  the  days  of  pilgrimages  and  crusades. 
"  Shewe  me  the  ryght  path 
To  the  hills  of  Armony." — Skclton. 

ARINIIGER.     ARJMINGER.      Lat.  ar- 

miijer,  an  esquire,  the  next  in  degree  to  a 
knight.  The  upper  servants  of  an  abliey 
were  also  called  Armigeri. 

"  Concessimus  etiam  Alano  per  annum  nnam  robam 
cum  furiu-a  de  eodem  panno  quo  ^•estiuntlu•  armigeri 
nostri."     A.D.  1300.    Regist.  of  Battel  Abbey. 

AR^MINE.  Dutch  for  a  beggar  ;  but  a 
more  probable  derivation  is  from  Armine, 
a  chapelry  in  the  parish  of  Snaith,  in  the 
W.  Riding  of  Yorkshire. 

AR]\IITAGE.  A  provincial  pronuncia- 
tion of  hermitage;  also  a  parish  in  Stafibrd- 
shire.  The  Armytages  of  Kirk  lees,  co. 
York,  trace  their  patronymic  back  to  the 
reign  of  King  Stephen.     Baronetage. 

ARMORER.     The  occupation. 

ARMOUR.     A  corruption  of  Armourer. 

ARMSTRONG.  Doubtless  from  strength 
of  limb,  as  displayed  in  war  and  athletic 
sports.  Armstrang  is  the  same,  and 
Strongi'th'arm,  a  cognate  surname.  The 
well-known  border  clan  of  Armstrong  were 
of  old  a  truly  armipotent  race,  and  Johnnie 
A.,  their  chief,  the  great  fi'eebooter,  lived 
in  Eskdale ;  while  Liddesdale  was  another 
hahitat  of  the  family. 

"  Ye  need  not  go  to  Liddisdale, 
For  when  they  see  the  blazing  bale 
Elliots  and  Armstrongs  never  fail." 

Lay  of  Last  Minstr. 


ART 


12 


ASH 


The  influential  family  of  this  name  in  Ire- 
land, of  Scottish  origin,  settled  there  on 
the  attainder  of  Sir  Thomas  A.  for  the  Ej'e 
House  Plot,  and  they  still  enjoy  large  estates 
in  King's  co.,  and  in  cos.  Limericl^,  Tipjie- 
rary,  &c.  The  A's,  of  Fermanagh,  who  claim 
descent  from  a  hrother  of  the  celebrated 
Johnnie,  settled  in  that  co.  about  the  com- 
mencement of  the  XVII.  cent. 

Tradition  asserts  that  the  original  name 
of  this  renowned  race  was  Fairbairn,  and 
that  an  ancestor  who  was  armour-bearer 
to  one  of  the  Scottish  Kings,  once  saved  his 
royal  master's  life  on  the  battle  field  by 
lifting  him  on  horseback  after  he  had  been 
dismounted.     The  crest  of  the  family,  "  an 
armed  hand  and  arm ;  in  the  hand  a  leg 
and  foot  in  rich   armour,  couped  at  the 
thigh,"  is  said  to  allude  to  the  manner  in 
which   Fairbairn  raised  the   King  to  the 
saddle.     For  this  service  the  monarch  gave 
his  follower  broad  lands  in  the  S.  of  Scot- 
land, together  with  the  appellation  Arm- 
strong. 
[^°ARN.  The  initial  syllal^le  of  many  local 
names,  as  Arncliffe,  Arnwood,  Arney, 
Aruholt,  meaning  respectively  the  cliff, 
the  wood,  the  island,  and  the  grove  of 
eagles,  from  the  A- Sax.  erne,  an  eagle. 
Occasionally,  however,  it  may  be  derived 
from  a?vi,   the   Scottish   for   an   alder 
tree. 

ARNE.  A  parisli  in  Dorsetshire  ;  also  a 
Norse  personal  name.  See  Heimskringla, 
i,  201. 

ARNEY.  A  nick-name  for  Arnold, 
whence  Arnison. 

ARNISON.     See  Arney. 

ARNOLD.  The  personal  name;  also  a 
parish  in  the  county  of  Wilts. 

ARNOLL.   ARNELL.   ARNALL. 

AENULL.     AEXOULD.     Corruptions    of 
Arnold. 

ARNOTT.  ARNETT.  Corruptions  of 
Arnold. 

ARNULFE.  The  sanie  as  .Aa-nold,  which 
in  medieval  records  is  sometimes  latinized 
Ernulphus. 

ARRAS.  From  the  French  city,  the 
capital  of  the  ci-devant  province  of  Artois, 
once  famous  for  its  manufacture  of  tapestry, 
and  the  source  of  the  "  arras  hangings," 
with  which  the  chambers  of  our  ancestors 
were  erewhilc  adorned. 

ARRINGTON.  A  parish  in  co.  Cam- 
bridge. 

ARROW.  A  parish  co.  "Warwick;  a 
township  CO.  Chester ;  also  two  western 
rivei-s. 

ARROWSiSHTIT.  A  maker  of  arrows, 
or  i-ather  arrow-heads.  This,  in  the  days 
of  archery,  was  a  distinct  trade.  In  the 
curious  burlesque  poem.  Cock  Lorelles  Bote, 
these  urtizans  are  called  "arowe-heders." 

ART.     A  nickname  for  Arthur. 

AKTER.  A  vulgar  pronunciation  of 
Arthur. 


ARTHUR.  The  Christian  name.  Other 
surnames  from  it  are  Atty,  Atts,  Atkin, 
Atkins,  Atkinson,  Atcock.  Aikin  and  Ait- 
kin may  be  northern  varieties. 

ARTIS.     Artois,  the  French  province. 

ARTOIS.     The  French  province. 

ARUNDELL.     Roger  de  A.,  who  took 
his  name  from    the   Sussex  town,  was   a 
tenant-in-chief  at  the  making  of  Domesd., 
and  ancestor  of  the  Lords  A.,  of  Wardour. 
Dudg.  Car.  ii,  422.     Kelham,  157. 
C$P°AS,  as  a  termination,  is  generally  a  cor- 
ruption of  Hurst,  e.  g.,  Byas  should  be 
Byhurst ;  T3'as,  Tjdiurst ;  Haslas,  Hazel- 
Imrst;  Boggas(andBoggis?),  Boghurst. 

ASBONE.     A  corruption  of  Asborne  or 

Ashborne. 
ASCOT.    ASCOTT.   Parishes  and  places 

in  COS.  Berks,  Warwick,  and  Oxon. 

ASCOUGH.     See  Askew. 
ASCUE.     See  Askew. 

ASDALL.  A  modern  Irish  corruption 
of  Archdall,  a  local  name. 

K^ASH.  The  premier  syllable  of  many 
names  of  places,  and  of  surnames  de- 
rived from  them,  as  Ashdown,  Ashton, 
Ashley,  Ashwell,  Ashurst,  Ashford,  Ash- 
burne,  &c.  It  denotes  a  place  where 
this  species  of  tree  flourished. 

ASH.  ASHE.  There  are  places  so  called 
in  Derbyshire,  Surrey,  Hampshire,  and 
elsewhere.  It  seems  probable,  however, 
tliat  the  name  was  sometimes  adopted  from 
residence  near  a  remarkable  ash  tree.  AVe 
find  the  Atten-AsJie  of  the  XIV.  cent, 
contracted  into  Na&he  soon  after.  In  the 
H.E.  it  is  latinized  ad  Fmxinam  and  cle 
Frax'uw.  The  French  Dufrcsne  is  its  sy- 
nonjon. 

ASH  —  CRAFT  —  CROFT  —  MEAD  — 

MOEE.     Localities  unknown. 

ASHBEE.     A  corruption  of  Ashby. 

ASIIBURNER.  A  maker  of  potash  or 
some  such  article.  Latinized  in  charters, 
Cinerarius.     Sussex  Arch.  Coll.  viii.,  152. 

ASHBURNHAM.  The  noble  earls  of 
this  surname  and  title  claim  to  have  pos- 
sessed Ashburnlmm,  co.  Sussex,  from  before 
the  Norman  Conquest.  In  106G  Bertram 
de  Ashburnliam,  son  of  Anchitel,  son  of 
Piers,  was  constable  of  Dover,  and  held  out 
against  '^\'illianl.     Peerage. 

ASHBY.  A  local  name  occurring  1 8  times 
in  the  Gazetteer,  mostly  in  the  cos.  of  Lin- 
coln, Leicester,  and  Northampton. 

ASHCOMBE.      Places    in    Devonshire, 

Sussex,  &c. 

ASHCONNER.  An  old  method  of  divi- 
nation by  ashes  is  mentioned  by  Herrick, 
i.,  17(5. 

"  Of  ash-hcapes  by  the  wliicli  ye  use, 
Husbands  and  wives  by  streaks  to  chuse, 
Of  crackling  laurell,  '.vliich  fore-sounds 
A  plenteous  harvest  to  your  grounds." 

An  "  ash-conner"  was  therefore  probably  a 


ASP 


13 


AST 


man  well  skilled  in  this  mode  of  foretelling 
events — a  cunning  man.  An  ale-conner  in 
a  corporate  town  is  the  person  appointed  to 
superintend  the  assize  of  malt  liquors. 

ASHDOWN.     A  great  district,  formerly 

a  forest,  in  Sussex. 
ASHENB0TT0:M.    See  Bottom. 
ASHEiSTDElSr.     Ashendon,  co.  Bucks. 
ASHEK.     Perhaps  the  same  as  Ashman. 
ASHES.     From  residence  near  a  grove 

of  ash  trees. 

ASHFIELD.  riaces  in  Suffolk  and  else- 
where. 

ASHFORD.  ATSIIFORD.  Parishes  in 
Kent,  Derby,  and  other  counties. 

ASHLEY.  Parishes  in  Staffordshire, 
Wilts,  Cambridge,  &,c. 

ASHLIN.     Ashling,  a  parish  in  Sussex. 

ASH]MAiSr.  In  A-Sax.  poetry  cesc  or 
ash  is  constantly  used  in  the  sense  of 
spear,  because  the  staff  of  a  spear  v.-as 
usually  made  of  that  wood.  So  the  Latin 
fc;r?<;«  signifies  both  iron  and  sword.  Ash- 
man is  therefore  the  equivalent  of  spearman. 
Its  forms  in  the  H.R.  are  Asscheman,  Asch- 
man,  and  xVshmau  ;  and  in  Domesd. 
Assemannus. 

ASHPLAXT.  A  corruption  of  the  local 
Aspland,  as  the  cognate  Ashpole  appears  to 
be  of  Ash-pool,  a  pool  near  which  ash  trees 
grow. 

ASHTON.  The  Gazetteer  mentions 
eighteen  parishes  and  townships  so  called, 
in  various  counties,  and  there  are  many 
minor  localities  of  the  same  name. 

ASHURST.  A  parish  in  Kent,  another 
m  Sussex. 

ASH  WELL.  Parishes  in  cos.  Herts, 
Eutland,  and  Norfolk. 

ASmVOOD.  Villages  in  Staffordshire 
and  other  counties. 

ASHWORTH.  A  chapclry  in  Lanca- 
shire. 

1^"  ASK.    As  a  prefix  in  such  local  sur- 
names as  Askeby,  Askham,  Asliley,  As- 
kerby,    Askwith,  &c.,  is    probably  the 
A-Sax.  asc,  an  ash  tree. 
ASKE.     A  township  in  the  N.R.  of  York- 
shire, the  ancient  abode  of  the  family. 
ASKER.     A  corruption  of  Askew. 
ASKEW.     Aiskew,   a  township   in   the 
parish  of  Bedale,  N.R.  Yorkshire;  Ascue, 
Ayscue,  Ascough,  and  Ayscough,  are  various 
spellings  of  this  palronjinic. 

ASKIN.  A  modern  Irish  corruption  of 
Arcedekne. 

ASKHA]\L  ASCHAM.  Parishes  in 
Yorkshire,  Notts,  and  Westmoreland. 
Roger  Ascham,  toxophilite  and  school- 
master, was  a  Yorkshireman. 

ASPALL.  A  parish  in  Suffolk.  In  Ire- 
land Archbold  or  Archibald  is  so  corrupted. 

ASPDEN.     A  parish  in  Herts. 


ASPIN.    Aspen,  a  species  of  poplar  tree. 
ASS.     The  animal ;  a  sobriquet. 

ASSER.  An  ancient  personal  name,  as 
Asserius  Menevensis,  the  preceptor  of  King 
Alfred.  Two  tenants  called  Azor  are  found 
in  Domesd. 

ASSENDER.  Perhaps  from  Assendon 
a  township,  co.  Oxford  : '  r '  and  '  n,'  in  vul- 
gar pronouuciation  are  often  used  inter- 
changeably ;  thus  Hickman  and  Hickmer, 
Heasman  and  Heasmar,  Harmer  and  Har- 
man,  all  English  family  names.  It  may 
however  be  a  corruption  of  Alexander. 

ASSMAN.  (H.R.  Asseynan:)  A  donkey- 
driver.  A  book  printed  by  Wynkyn  de 
Worde,  entitled  "  Informacyon  for  Pyl- 
grymes,"  has  the  following  direction : — 

"  Also  wlian  ye  take  your  asse  .it  porte  Jaffe  (Joppa) 
be  not  too  longe  beh}Tide  your  felowes,  for  and  ye 
come  betynie,  ye  may  cluise  the  best  mule  or 
asse  that  ye  can,  for  ye  shall  pay  no  move  for  the  best 
tlian  the  worst.  Also  ye  must  gyve  your  Assemun 
there  of  curtesy  a  grote  of  Venyse."  Retrosp.  Rev. 
ii.,326. 

ASTLEY.  Astley,  co  Warwick,  was 
possessed  by  Thos.  Lord  A.  (killed  at 
Evesham,  49,  Hen.  III.),  the  ancestor  of 
the  Baronet's  family. 

ASTON.  The  Gazetteer  of  England  con- 
tains nearly  fifty  Astons,  and  above  twenty 
armorial  coats  are  assigned  to  the  name. 
Lord  Aston's  family  descend  from  Aston, 
CO.  Stafford  in  the  XIII.  cent. 
E^"AT.  ATE.  ATTE.  ATTEN.  A  common 
prefix  to  early  surnames,  to  designate 
the  locality  of  the  bearer's  residence,  as 
Atte-Wood,  by  or  near  a  wood ;  Att- 
Tree,  at  the  tree ;  Attcn-Oke,  near  or  at 
the  oak,  ka.  The  N  mAtten  was  added 
for  euphony  before  a  voM'el.  These  were 
common  forms  in  the  fourteenth  cen- 
tury. Subsequently  At  or  Atte  was  sof- 
tened to  A,  as  A'Gate  for  At-Gate,  A- 
Broke  for  At- Brook,  &e.  Many  names 
are  so  written  do^\^l  to  the  time  of 
Elizabeth  and  later.  In  some  instances 
the  At  or  Att  is  still  retained,  as  in  Att- 
■wood,  Atwells,  Atwater,  Attree,  &c. 
Sometimes  the  final  N  of  Atten  is  made 
to  coalesce  with  the  name,  though  the 
Atte  is  di-opped,  and  hence  we  get  such 
names  as  Noakes  (Atten- Oke),  Nash 
(Atten-Ash),  &c. 
The  following  names  with  these  prefixes 
are  met  with  in  medieval  documents. 
Several  of  them  are  now  extinct,  but 
the  others  remain  in  forms  variously 
modified.  I  shall  add  exi^lanatory  words 
where  necessary,  but  most  of  the  names 
will  be  found  in  their  proper  places  in 
the  Dictionary. 
Ate  or  Atte — barre — berne  (barn) — briggc 
(bridge) — brok  (brook) — brug  (bridge) 
— brugeende  (at  the  bridge  end) — bury 
— burn  —  chirche  —  chyrchene  (at  the 
church  end,  i.e.,  of  the  village) — churche- 
haye  (churchyard) — cleyf  (clift) — croch 
(See  Crouch) — crundle  —  cumbe  (See 
Combe) — dam  (weir  or  river  dam) — dene 
(SeeDeau) — dich  (ditch) — di'ove  (drove- 
way  for  cattle) — dune  (a  down  or  bill) — 
elme  (tree)  —  felde   (field) — feu,  fenne 


AUB 


14 


AVE 


(marshy  spot) — flod(an  expanse  of  water) 
ford— forth— forge— grange— gappe  (in 
a  wall  or  hedge)— gardin— gate— grave 
(grove) — grene — hache  (a  forest  gate) — 
hale(ahall)— harne  (?)— hegge  and  haye 
(ahedge)— hide— hil— hulle— andhyl(a 
hill)  hok  (See  Hooke)— howe  (an  emi- 
nence)—lak  (a  lake) — lee  (a  meadow) — 
lane— line  (a  lime  tree) — londe  (a 
heath)— lownde  (a  lawn) — lowe  (a  hill) 
— med  or  mede  (a  meadow) — melneway 
(road  to  a  mill) — mere — merslie  (a 
marshe) — more  (a  moor) — nasse  (ash 
tree,  the  N  coalescing) — Atenelme  (an 
elm  tree)— Atenesse  (ash  or  nesse,  doubt- 
ful)—Atenock  (an  oak  tree)— Atenor- 
chard  (an  orchard) — Atenotebeme  (a 
common  medieval  name — mit-bcam, 
hazel)— pilere  (pillar)— pleystowe  (a  re- 
creation ground) — pol  (a  pool) — pond — 
porte— punfald  (pouudfold)— putte  (a 
pit)— pyrie  (pear  orchard?)— sete (seat) 
stiele  (stile)— stone— streme  (a  stream), 
streteshend  (at  the  end  of  the  street) — 
tuuisheud  (at  the  town's  end) — wal — 
water— ^velle—welde  (weald,  wood) — 
wence  (?) — westende  (at  the  west  end) — 
wey  (a  road  ?)— wich  (a  salt  spring)- 
wod  or  wode  (a  wood)— wolf  hongles  (a 
place  where  wolves  were  hung  iii,  ter- 
rovem.  A-Sax,  hmgian^  to  hang ;  comp. 
hangles  in  lialliw.)  — wurth  (See 
Worth). 
ATCHESOjST.  Probably  the  same  as 
Hutchison. 

ATCOCK.     See  Arthur. 
ATHERTON.     A   chapelry   in   Lanca- 
shire. 
ATTHILL      See  Hill. 
ATKEY.    At  the  key  or  quay. 

ATKIN.   ATKINS.   ATKINSON.   See 

Arthur. 

ATLEE.     ATLEY.     See  Lee. 

ATMORE.     See  Moore. 

ATTENBOROUGH.  A  parish  in  co. 
Northampton. 

ATTLOWE.     See  Lowe. 

ATTY.  ATTYE.  See  Tye  and  Ar- 
thur. 

ATWATER.     See  V/aters. 

ATWELL.     See  Wells. 

ATWICK.     See  Wick. 

ATWOOD.     ATTWOOD.     See  Wood. 

ATWORTIL     See  Worth. 

AUBERVILLE.  Roger  de  Auberville 
came  in  with  the  Conqueror  and  is  men- 
tioned in  Domesd.  as  holder  of  18  manors 
in  Essex  and  Sufl'olk.  Baronetage.  De 
Abreville.     H.R. 

AUBREY.     A  Norman  personal  name, 

as  Aubrey  or  Albericus  de  Vere.  A  pedigree 
of  this  famil}'  dra\\Ti  up  by  Vincent,  Wind- 
sor Herald,  temp.  Elizabeth,  commences 
with  "  Saint  Aubrey,  of  the  blood  royal  of 


France,  came  into  England  with  William 
the  Conqueror,  anno  lOGG,  as  the  Chronicles 
of  All  Souls  College  testify,  which  are  there 
to  be  seen  tyed  to  a  chaine  of  iron." 
Courthope's  Debrett.  What  the  Chronicle 
here  referred  to  may  be,  I  know  not,  but 
there  is  no  doubt  of  the  Norman  origin  of 
the  family. 

AUCHINCRAW.  A  village  in  Berwick, 
shire. 

AUCHINLECK.  A  parish  in  Ayrshire. 
The  surname  is  sometimes  corrupted  to 
Affleck,  and  is  always  so  pronounced. 

AUCKLAND.  AUKLAND.  Bishop 
Auckland,  and  three  other  places  in  co. 
Durham. 

AUDLEY.  Formerly  Alditheley,  a 
parish  and  estate  in  co.  Stafford,  from 
which  a  branch  of  the  noble  family  of 
Verdon  assumed  the  surname,  temp.  King 
John.     Dugdale. 

AUGER.  AUCHER.  A  Norman  name, 
whence  Fitz-Aucher.  Also  a  corruption  of 
Alsager,  a  place  in  Cheshire.  Archajologia 
vol.  xix.  p.  17. 

AUGUR.     See  Auger. 

AUGUST.     Auguste,    the  Fr.   form   of 

Augustus. 

AUKWARD.  See  Ward.  The  keeper 
of  the  hawks. 

AULD.     The  Scotch  form  of  Eld— old. 

AUREL.     The  Fr.  form  of  Aurelius. 

AUSENDER.     See  Assender. 

AUST.     A  chapelry  In  co.  Gloucester. 

AUSTEN.  AUSTIN.  Augustine,  the 
well-known  baptismal  name,  so  abbreviated 
in  0.  B'r.  and  Eug.  The  Lond.  Direct, 
presents  us  with  a  Mr.  Austing. 

AUSTWICK.  A  township  in  W.R.  of 
Yorkshire. 

AVANT.  Probably  from  Havant,  a  town 
in  Hampshire;  or  it  may  be  from  the  old 
war-cry,  Avant !     "  Forward ! " 

AVENEL.  The  sire  des  Biars,  who  w.as 
at  the  battle  of  Hastings  (Taylor's  Eoman 
de  Rou.,  pp.  219,  227),  bore  the  name  of 
Avenals,  without  prefix.  William  Avennel 
probably  the  "  sire  "  referred  to,  was  lord 
of  Biars,  in  the  canton  d"Isigny,  and 
seneschal  to  the  Count  of  Mortain.  (De 
Gerville,  Mem.  Soc.  Ant.  Nonn).  It  does 
not  appear  whether  the  surname  v.as 
originall}'  derived  from  Aveuelles,  in  the 
department  of  Eure. 

AVIGNON.     The   city    of   Avignon    in 

France. 
AVERANCE.    Avranchcs.  SeeAbrincis. 

AVERY.  This  is  a  name  which  may 
claim  its  origin  with  nearly  equal  probal  dlit  j' 
from  several  distinct  sources,  which  I  shall 
brielly  enumerate.  I.  ^lr?rtr/?;s,  akeepcr  of 
the  birds.  Tlie  Forest  Cliarter  (s.  If,)  enacts 
that  freemen   may   have  in  their  woods 


BAG 


15 


BAD 


"  avyrics  of  sparhawkcs,  falcons,  eagles,  and 
herons."  II.  J ?w_y,  the  place  where  forage 
for  tlie  king's  horses  was  kept ;  either  from 
the  Lat.  ai^ena,  Anglo-Norm,  haver,  oats, 
or  from  acei\  a  northern  provincialism  for 
a  working  horse.  III.  Albcr'w,  a  German 
personal  name,  latinized  Albcricus,  and 
softened  in  Norman  times  to  Aubrey. 

A"\T^S.  AVES.  The  personal  name  Avice, 
latinized  Avitius,  is  found  before  108G. 
Domesd. 

AXE.     Two  western  rivers  are  so  called, 

AXFORD.     A    tything    in    Ramsbury, 

CO.  Wilts. 
AXON.     Axton,  a  hundred  in  Kent. 

AXUP.  Axehope,  local.  See  Axe  and 
Hope. 

AYER.     See  Eyre. 

AYLBTT.     See  Aylott. 

AYLIFFE.     See  AylofF. 


AYLMER.  Allmarus,  iEilmar,  or  Ail- 
mar,  occurs  several  times  in  Domesd.  as 
a  personal  name. 

AYLOFF.  A  baptismal  name  ante  1086. 
Ailof.     Domesd. 

AYLOTT.  A  personal  name  ante  1086. 
Ailet.     Domesd. 

AYLWARD.  /Elward  and  Ailward 
were  personal  names  before  108G. 

AYLWIN.  Alwinus,  Alwin,  and  other 
fonns  occur  in  Domesday  as  personal 
names. 

AYNSWORTH.     See  Ainsworth. 

AYRTON.     A  township  in  Yorkshire. 

AYSCOUGH.     See  Askew. 

AYTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
York  and  Berwick. 

AYTOUN.     A  parish  in  Berwickshire. 


B. 


JjABB.     See  Female  Christian  Xaraes. 

BABER.  Probably  from  the  hundred  of 
Babergh,  in  Suffolk,  though  some  of  the 
name  aiTect  a  descent  from  the  Sultan  Baber 
or  Babour,  the  founder  of  the  Mogul  dynasty 
in  Hindostan,  A.D.  1525  I 

BABIXGTON.  The  family  traditions 
point  to  Normandy  as  the  .source  of  the 
race.  The  name,  however,  is  derived  from 
Great  and  Little  Babington,  near  Hexham, 
CO.  Northumberland,  where  tlie  family  were 
located  in  the  XIII.  and  XFV.  centuries, 
and  there  are  reasons  for  believing  that  they 
resided  there  "  from  the  period  of  the  Con- 
quest or  before  it."  Topog.  and  Geneal,  i., 
135.  Some  of  the  name  may  spring  from 
Babington,  co.  Somerset. 

BABY.  From  its  termination  probably 
local. 

BACCHUS.  Certainly  not  from  the  God 
of  AVine,  but  a  corruption  of  Bakehouse, 
which  see. 

BACHELOR.     See  Batchelor. 

BACK.  (Pluralized  to  Backs,  whence 
Bax.)  Sometimes  sjTionymous  with  Beck, 
but  more  generally  either  a  wharf  or  a 
ferry.    Hence  Backman  and  Backer. 

BACKER.     The  same  as  Backman. 

BACKHOUSE.     See  Bakehouse. 

BACKMAN.  One  who  had  the  care  of 
a  back  or  ferry.     See  Back,  Baxman,  ILK. 


BACON.  A>  seigniory  in  Normandy. 
According  to  the  genealogy  of  the  great 
Suflblk  family  of  Bacon,  one  Grimbald,  a 
relative  of  the  Norman  chieftain  William 
de  Wareune,  came  into  England  at  the 
Conquest,  and  settled  near  Holt.  His  great- 
grandson  is  stated  to  haA'e  taken  the  name 
of  Bacon.  This  was  only  a  resimiption  of 
an  ancient  Norman  surname,  which  is 
still  existing  in  the  North  of  France.  Wil- 
liam Bacon,  in  1082,  endowed  the  abbey  of 
the  Holy  Trinity  at  Caen.  Taylor's  Koman 
de  Rou.  The  name  is  in  the  Battel  Eoll, 
and  in  the  H.R.  it  is  written  variously 
Bachun,  Bacun,  and  Bacon.  In  some  in- 
stances the  surname  may  be  a  corruption  of 
Beacon.  From  their  connection  with  Bay- 
eux,  the  Bacons  were  sometimes  latinized 
De  Bajocis. 

BADCOCK.     See  Bartholomew. 

BADD.  Bad  in  the  Coventry  Mysteries 
means  bold. 

BADDELEY.     A  pari-sh  in  Cheshire. 

B ADDER.     A  bather.     Ferguson. 

BADGER.  1.  A  huxtcr  or  hawker. 
"  If  any  person  shall  act  as  a  badger  with- 
out license,  he  is  to  forfeit  five  pounds." 
Jacob's  Law  Diet.  The  etymon  seems  to 
be  the  Fr.  hagagicr,  or  baggage-carrier. 
"  Badger  is  as  much  to  say  as  Bagger,  of 
the  Fr.  word  baggage,  i.  e.,  sarcina ;  and  it 
is  used  with  us  for  one  that  is  licensed  to 
bu3'  corn  or  other  victuals  in  one  place,  and 


BAK 


16 


BAL 


carry  them  to  another."     Termes  de  la  Ley. 
2.  A  parish  in  Shropshire. 

BADKIN"      See  Bartliolomew. 

BADLESMERE.  A  parish  in  Kent, 
where  the  family  were  resident  in  the  XIII. 
cent. 

BADMAN.  Bead-man,  O.  E.,  from  A- 
Sax.  hiddan.  One  who  prays  for  another. 
The  word  is  more  commonly  written  "  beads- 
man." 

BAGGALLAY.     See  Baguly. 

BAGGE.  (Of  ISTorfolk.)  Said  to  be  of 
Swedish  extraction. 

BAGNALL.  A  chapelry  in  the  parish  of 
Stoke-upon-Trent,  co.  Stafford. 

BAGOT.  BAGOD.  Domesd.  The  family 
have  possessed  Blythefield  and  Eagot's 
Bromley,  co.  Stafford,  from  the  time  of  the 
Conquest. 

BAGSTER.     The  same  as  Baxter. 

BAGULY.  A  township  in  Cheshire,  for- 
merly owned  by  a  family  of  the  same  name. 

BAGWELL.     Bakewell,  CO.  Derby? 

BAILEY.  BAILY.  1.  From  Bailli,  in 
the  arrondissement  of  Neufchatel ;  Bailli  in 
that  of  Dieppe,  in  Normandy;  Bailey,  a 
township  in  Lancashire ;  or  Bailie,  a  town- 
ship in  Cumberland.  2.  Another  form  of 
bailiff,  a  title  of  office  applied  in  many  ways 
under  our  feudal  and  municipal  laws,  3. 
A  name  given  to  the  courts  of  a  castle 
formed  by  the  spaces  between  the  circuits 
of  walls  or  defences  which  surround  the 
keep.     Gloss.  Arch. 

BAILLIE.  The  Scottish  form  of  Bailiff 
or  Bailey.     See  Bailey. 

BMNBRIDGE.  A  township  in  York- 
shire. 

BAINES.  BAYNES.  A  village  near 
Bayeux,  in  Normandy,  probably  so  called 
from  Fr.  hain,  a  bath. 

BAIRD.  Said  to  be  the  Scottish  form  of 
bard,  or  poet.  Jamieson.  This,  however, 
ia  doubtful  as  to  the  surname,  which  in 
North  Britain  is  widely  sjiread.  Its  prin- 
cipal modes  of  spelling  have  been  Bard, 
Byrd,  Bayard.  The  last  supports  the  tra- 
dition of  a  derivation  from  the  south  of 
France,  the  country  of  the  Clievalier  Bay- 
ard, the  knight  sum ^K'ur,  sans  reproclie, 

Tliat  the  family  are  numerous  is  not  to  be  won- 
dered .It,  if  even  a  few  of  tliem  have  been  as  prolific 
as  was  Gilbert  Baird  of  AuclmnuUien,  who  byliis  wife 
Lilias  had  32  cliUdrcn ;  tliis  was  in  the  XVI.  cent. 
That  great  prophet,  Thomas  the  fljTiier,  is  said  to 
have  predicted  tliat  "  there  sliall  be  an  eagle  in  the 
craig  while  lliere  is  .a  Baird  in  Auchniedden."  And  it 
is  asserted  that,  when  the  estate  changed  hands  in  the 
last  century  the  eagles  deserted  their  eyrie — only  to 
return,  liowover,  when  the  lands  reverted  to  a  Baird. 
Accoimt  of  name  of  Baird,  Edndjurgh,  1857. 

BAIRN SFATHER.  The  father  of  the 
bairn  or  child — a  sobriquet. 

BAKE.  An  estate  in  St  German's, 
Cornwall. 

BAKEHOUSE.  From  residence  at  one 
or  employment  in  it.     It  has  been  cor- 


rupted to  Backhouse,  and  still  further  to 
Bacchus.  Thus  the  provider  of  bread  has 
assimilated  himself  to  the  tutelar  divinity 
of  wine ! 

BAKEPUZ.  BAKEPUCE.  IntheH.  R. 

Bagepuz.  From  Bacqucpuis,  in  the  arron- 
dissement of  Evreux,  in  Normandy. 

BAKER.  The  occupation.  In  old  do- 
cuments, Pistor,  Le  Bakere,  &:c. 

BAKEWELL.  A  market  town  and 
great  parish  in  Derbyshire. 

^^BAL.  A  Gaelic  local  prefix  which,  like 
Bally,  in  Ireland,  implies  a  town,  or 
rather  a  central  seat  of  population  on  a 
single  estate — the  homestead ;  in  short 
an  equivalent  of  the  A- Sax.  tnn,  which 
means  anything  from  an  enclosure  con- 
taining a  single  habitation,  np  to  a 
veritable  town.  Several  places  in  the 
Celtic  portions  of  Scotland,  with  this 
prefix,  have  given  surnames  to  families, 
as  Balcasky,  Balcanquall,  Balmaiu,  &c. 

BALAAM.     Doubtless  local.    Bale-ham. 

BALBIRNIE.     An  estate  in  FifesLire. 

BALCII.     An  abbreviation  of  Balchin. 

BM^CHIN.  A  very  old  Teutonic  per- 
sonal name,  in  old  German  Baldechin.  In 
Domesd.  a  Balchi  is  mentioned  as  living 
before  the  compilation  of  that  record.  Bul- 
dachini  is  an  Italian,  and  Baldechin  a  Ger- 
man family  name. 

BALCOCK.    A  diminutive  of  Baldwin. 

BALCOMBE.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

BALDERSON.  A  northern  deity,  the 
son  of  Odin  (and  the  wisest,  most  eloquent, 
and  most  amial.ile  of  the  northern  Gods)  bore 
the  name  of  Balder,  which  also  became  a 
name  of  men,  wlience  the  places  designated 
Baldersby,  Balderston,  and  Balderton,  in 
what  are  called  the  Danish  counties.  The 
A-Sax.  balder  signifies  prince,  hero. 

BALDERSTON.       A  chapelry    in    co. 

Lancaster. 

BALDIIEAD.  Probably  local ;  or,  per- 
haps, from  loss  of  hair. 

BALDOCK.     A  town  in  co.  Herts. 

BALDRIC.  Hugh  fil'  Baldri  was  sheriff 
of  Northumberland.  Domesd.  In  other 
counties  he  is  styled  fil'  Baldrici.  A  bap- 
tismal name. 

BALDWIN.  TJie  baptismal  name.  Se- 
veral chief  tenants  in  Domesd.  are  called 
Baldwinius  and  Baldvinus.  H.  E.  Bau- 
dewyne. 

BALDY.     Perhaps  from  Baldwin, 

BALE.     A  parish  in  co.  Norfolk. 

BALES.     A  pluralization  of  Bale. 

BALFOUR.  A  castle  and  fief  in  Fife- 
shire  of  which  county  the  chiefs  were  here- 
ditary sheriffs.  The  family  sprang  from 
Siward,  a  Northumld-ian,  who  settled  in 
Scotland  temp.  Duncan  I. 

BALGUY.  This  singular  name  borne  by 
an   ancient   Peak   family   is   apparently  a 


BAM 


17 


BAN 


corruption  of  Baguly.  The  arms  are  ideu- 
liciil  with  those  of  Baguly  of  B.,  co. 
Chester.     Lysous'  Derbyshire. 

BALIOL.  Guy  de  Baliol  entered  Eng- 
land at  the  Conquest,  and  was  lord  of 
Biweld,  CO.  Northumberland.  His  lineal 
descendant,  John  de  B.,  was,  on  the  award 
of  Edward  I.,  made  King  of  Scotland. 
There  are  several  localities  in  Xonnaudy 
called  Bailleul :  that  which  claims  to  be 
the  birthplace  of  this  noble  and  royal  race 
is  Bailleul-en-Gouffern,  m  the  arrondisse- 
meut  of  Argentan,  called  in  charters  Bal- 
liolum.  "  On  pretend,  sans  beaucoup  de 
foudement,  que  c'est  de  cette  commune  que 
sont  originaires  les  Bailleul,  rois  d'Ecosse." 
Itin.  de  la  Normandie. 

BALL.     A  nickname  of  Baldwin.  A  West 

of  England  provincialism  for  laid. 

"As  BAD  AS  Ball's  bull — wholiad  so  little  ear  for 
mtisick  tliat  he  kicked  the  fiddler  over  the  Ijridge !" — 
An  eastern-couiities  proverb.  (HaUiw.) 

BALLANTYNE.  This  Scottish  name 
has  undergone  remarkalile  changes.  "  Sir 
Bichard  of  Bannochtine  of  the  Corhous," 
■who  flourished  cu"c.  1400,  sometimes  wrote 
himself  Banuachty',  and  his  son  is  called 
Sir  John  BannatjTie.  This  spelling  con- 
tinued till  temp.  Chas.  II.,  when  the  pro- 
prietor of  Corhouse  was  called  indifierently 
John  Baimatyne  and  Johne  Balleutyne,  and 
his  son  is  described  as  the  son  of  John 
Ballenden.  In  fact,  down  to  a  recent 
period,  the  forms  Bannatyne  and  Ballan- 
tyne  have  been  used  iudilTerently  b}^  liro- 
tliers  of  one  house,  and  even  by  the  same 
individual  at  different  times.  Inf.  F.  L.  B. 
Dykes,  Esq. 

BALLARD.  An  ancient  baptismal  name. 
Balard,  H.  R. 

BALLINGER.  A  corruption  of  Fr. 
honlangcr,  a  baker.  Also  a  small  sailing 
vessel.     See  Halliw. 

BALLOCK.     Gael.    Spotted  in  the  face. 

BAL^ilER.  Qu.  O.  Fr.  hauhnier.  A  dea- 
ler in  fragrant  herbs. 

BALSAM.  From  Balsham  In  Cam- 
bridgeshire, which  Fuller  characterizes  as 
"an  eminent  village,"  and  the  only  one  in 
England  bearing  the  name.  The  place  was 
anciently  called  Bals-hani,  not  Balsh-am. 

The  corruptions  made  by  the  "  genteel"  in  names 
of  places  «ithin  the  last  50  years  are  very  much  to  be 
reprobated.  I  allude  especially  to  names  Tiith  two 
consonants  in  the  middle.  These  consonants  which 
should,  according  to  etymology,  he  kept  distinct,  are 
made  to  coalesce  in  a  most  improper  manner,  and 
AValt-ham  becomes  Walth-am,  Telp-ham  Felph-ani, 
Bent-h.im  Ben-tham,  and  HaUs-ham  Hail-sham! 

BALSTON.     Ballesdon,  co.  Berks. 
BALY.     See  Bailey,  &c. 
BASIBER.     A  village  in  Lancashire. 
BA]\rFIELD.     See  Bampfylde. 
BAMFORD.     Places  in  cos.  Derby  and 
Lancaster. 

BAiMPFYLDE.  At  Weston,  co.  Somer- 
set, XIII  centiuy,  whence  Weston  Bamp- 
fylde. The  ancient  orthography  is  Bauni- 
filde. 

D 


BAIMPTON.  Towns,  jilaces,  and  pa- 
rishes in  cos.  Oxon,  Devon,  Westmoreland, 
and  Cumberland. 

BANBURY.     A  town  in  Oxfordshii-e. 

BANCE.  Probably  of  French  Protestant- 
refugee  origin.  Bance  occurs  at  Paris,  and 
De  Bance  in  Guienue. 

BANCOCK.  A  second  diminutive  of 
Ban  or  Banny,  Barnabas. 

BANCKER.  A  corrupt  spelling  of 
Banker. 

BANDINEL.  From  Ranuncio  Bandi- 
nelli  of  Sienna,  in  Italy,  whose  descendant, 
David  B.,  renounced  the  Roman  Catholic 
faith,  was  the  intimate  friend  of  Arcli- 
bishops  AbI)ott  and  Laud,  and  of  James  1., 
and  finally  Dean  of  Jersej\  Baccio  Bandi- 
nelli,  the  famous  sculptor  and  rival  of 
Michael  Angelo,  and  also  Pope  Alexander 
III.  were  of  this  family.  They  claimed 
descent  from  one  Band-Scinel,  a  renowned 
warrior  of  Aix-en-Provence,  circ.  846,  who 
was  sent  as  military  governor  to  Sienna. 
Inf.  J.  B.  Payne,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

BANE.  BAYN.  Scotland.  Gaelic,  heme, 
white  or  fair,  as  Donald  Bane,  "the  fair 
Donald;"  often  confused  with  Baines,  which 

see. 

BANES.     See  Baines. 

BANGER.  A  provincialism  for  a  large 
person,  see  Halliw.  Or,  possibly,  from  one 
of  the  Bangors  in  Wales. 

BANGHAM.     Bamiingham,  a  parish  in 

Norfolk. 

BANKS,  BANKES.  Anciently  written 
Atte-bank,  A-Bank,  &c.  The  A-Sax.  implies 
a  bench,  bank,  or  hillock — a  place  Avhereou 
to  sit,  ^vhether  indoors  or  out. 

"As  KNo-mNG  AS  Banks's  horse."  Baiikswas  a  well- 

knoivn  -s-intner  in  Chto.pside,  temp.  Elizabeth,  and  his 
horse  "  .Morocco"  was  remarkable  for  his  sagacity. 
See  more  of  both  in  Halliw. 

BANN.  BANS.  BANSON.     Banny  is  a 

known  nickname  of  Barnalias,  and  this 
group  of  names  is  probably  from  the  same 
source.  Ferguson  says  A-Sax.  hana,  a 
slayer. 

BANNATYNE.     See  Ballantyne. 

Bi\JN'NER.  i\Iay  have  had  an  origiu 
sunilar  to  that  of  Bannerman. 

BANNERMAN.  As  early  as  the  days 
of  Malcolm  IV.  and  William  the  Lion,  the 
office  of  king's  standard-bearer  was  here- 
ditary in  Scotland,  and  gave  name  to  the 
family.  The  armorial  coat  refers  to  the  name 
and  office,  being  "  a  banner  displayed  arg. ; 
on  a  canton  azure,  St.  Andrew's  Cross." 

BANNISTER.   BANISTER.     Banastre 

occurs  in  Holinshed's  Roll  of  Battel  Abbey. 
Camden  derives  it  from  hcdncator,  the 
keeper  of  a  bath.  2.  A  tenn  used  in  the 
parish  accounts  of  Chudleigh,  co.  Devon, 
and  supposed  to  mean  a  traveller  in 
distress. 

BANWELL.     A  parish  in  co.  Somerset. 


BAR 


18 


BAR 


BANNY.  A  provincial  uickuame  of 
Barnabas. 

BANNYERS.  Said  to  be  Fr.  De-la- 
Baiinicre,  'of  tlie  banner' — a  standard- 
bearer. 

BAPTIST.     An  O.  Fr.  personal  name. 

BARBAULD.  In  the  Life  of  Mrs.  Bar- 
bauld  it  is  said,  that  tlie  gi-andfather  of  her 
husband,  the  Rev.  Rochemont  Barbauld, 
(to  whom  she  was  married  in  1774.)  was, 
when  a  boy,  carried  on  board  ship,  enclosed 
in  a  caslc,  and  conve}'ed  to  England,  wliere 
he  settled,  and  had  a  son,  who  was  chaplain 
to  a  daughter  of  king  George  II.,  wife  of 
the  Elector  of  Hesse.  He  attended  her  to 
Cassel,  where  Rochemont  was  bom.  Al.iout 
the  year  1G99,  the  Rev.  Ezekiel  and  the 
Rev.  Peter  Barbauld  were  among  the 
French  Protestant  ministers  settled  in  Lon- 
don after  the  Revocation  of  the  EcUct  of 
Nantes. 

BARBER.  BARBOR.  BARBOUR.  The 

occupation.     Le  Barbur.     Barbator,  H.  R. 

BARBERIE.  Barberi,  famous  of  old 
foritsabbej'  (1170),  is  a  parish  near  Falaise, 
in  Normand3^ 

BARCHARD  is  apparently  identical  with 
tlie  Burchard  or  Burchardus  of  Domesd., 
Avhere  it  is  used  as  a  bajitismal  name. 

BARCLAY.  We  find  a  Theobald  de 
Berlceley,  probabi}'  an  offshoot  of  the  Eng- 
lish family,  settled  in  Scotland,  so  early  as 
temp.  David  I.  Fourth  in  descent  from 
him  Avas  Alex,  de  B.,  who  married  the 
heiress  of  Mathers,  and  wrote  himself  De 
Berkeley  of  Slathers.  His  great  grandj^ou 
Alex,  clianged  the  spelling  to  Barclay  in 
the  XV.  century.  Geneal.  Ace.  of  Barclays 
of  Ury. 

BARDELL.     Corruption  of  Bardolf. 

BARDOLPH— F.  Hugh  Bardolph, 
(called  by  Wace,  Hue  Bardous,)  Avho  was 
contemporary  w'ith  William  the  Conqueror, 
Avas  ancestor  of  the  great  baronial  house  of 
Bardolf,  alike  celebrated  in  the  annals  of 
England  and  of  Normandy. 

BARDON.     A  place  in  co.  Leicester. 

BARDSEA.  A  township  in  co.  Lan- 
caster ;  the  name  was  assumed  l;iy  an  early 
possessor,  who  was  a  cadet  of  the  barons  of 
Malpas.     Eng.  Sum.  ii.,  -10. 

BARE.     A  township,  co.  Lancaster. 

BAREBONES.  (See  in  Godwin's  Com- 
monwealtli  an  oxjilauation  of  the  error 
concerning  this  name.)  Barbone,  the  an- 
cient and  existing  name,  has  been  define' 
as  "  the  good  or  handsome  beard." 

BAREFOOT.  Probably  local.  A  Nor- 
Avegian  king,  hoAA'ever,  bore  this  sobriquet. 

BARENTINE.  A  place  in  the  arron- 
disseraent  of  Rouen  in  Normandy,  near  the 
Rouen  and  Havre  Raihvay. 

BARENTON.  A  town  in  the  arron- 
dissemeut  of  Mortaiu,  in  Normandy. 

BARFF.  Barf  or  Bargh  means  in  the 
North,  a  horseway  up  a  lull. 


BARFORD.  Parislies  and  other  places 
in  COS.  Bedford,  Norfolk,  Warwick,  Oxou, 
&c. 

BARGrE.     Perhaps  an  mu  sign. 

BARHAM.  The  family  were  lords  of 
Barham,  in  Kent,  at  an  early  period,  and 
according  to  Pliilipot,  tlie  Kentish  gene- 
alogist, descendants  of  Robert  de  Berham, 
son  of  Richard  Fitz-Urse,  and  brother  of 
one  of  the  assassins  of  Thomas  ii  Beckett. 

BARING.  The  peer  and  the  baronet 
descend  from  John  Baring  of  Devonshire, 
Esq.,  (XVIII.  cent.)  son  of  John  Baring, 
minister  of  the  Lutheran  church  at  Bremen, 
in  Saxony,  Avliose  ancestors  had  been  either 
municipal  officers  or  Lutheran  ministers  of 
that  city  from  the  time  of  the  Reformation. 
Courthope's  Debrett.  The  name  is  possibly 
identical  Avith  that  of  Behring,  the  eminent 
navigator. 

BARKER.  A  tanner,  from  his  using 
barli  of  trees  in  liis  trade.  In  the  old 
ballad  of  the  King  and  the  Tanner  in 
Percy's  Reliques,  the  latter  calls  himself  "a 
larl/er,  Sir,  by  my  trade."  Eng.  Surn.  Bar- 
carius  and  Le  Barkere.     H.R. 

BARKLEY.     See  Barclay. 

BARLEY.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Hertford  and  Yorlv. 

BARLEYIMAN.  In  Scotland,  one  Avho 
assists  at  the  BuiiaAv  or  Barley  courts, 
assemblies  held  in  iiu'al  districts  to  de- 
termine on  local  concerns.   Jamieson. 

BARLICORN.  Sir  John  Barleycorn,  It 
seems,  Avas  no  mythical  personage,  but  a 
living  person.  'Joh'es  Barlicorn'  Avas,  in 
the  time  of  Edw.  I.  one  of  tlie  tenants  of 
BerclaAA-e,  co.  Cambridge.  H.R.  See 
Graindorge. 

BARLING.     A  parish  in  Essex. 

BARLOAV.  Townships  in  cos.  York 
and  Derby. 

BARLTROP.     A  corruption  of  Barley- 

thorpe,  CO.  Rutland. 

BARMBY.  Two  parishes  and  a  cliapelry 
in  Yorkshire. 

BARMORE.     Barmoor,    a   township    in 

Nortliumberland. 

BARN.     A  pre-Domesd.  name ;  Barne, 

Bern.  For  Siward  Barn,  the  patriot  rebel 
against  William  Conq.  see  Sax.  Chron. 
Ingram,  276. 

BARNABY.     A  nickname  of  Barnabas. 

BARNACK.  A  parish  In  co.  North- 
ampton. 

BARNACLE.  A  hamlet  in  co.  Warwick. 

BARNARD.  A  well-known  Teutonic 
personal  name. 

BANARDISTON.  A  parish  in  Suffolk, 
said  to  have  been  the  residence  of  the  family 
temp.  Will.  I.    B.L.G. 

BARNEBY.     Barnby    In     the    E.R.   of 

Yorlvshirc,  anciently  possessed  by  the 
family. 


BAR 


19 


BAR 


BARNES.  BARNS.  1.  The  same  as 
Berners,  which  see.  Dame  JuHaiia  Bemers, 
the  author  of  the  well-known  treatise  on 
sporting  and  heraldry  called  the  Boke  of 
St.  Albans,  wrote  herself  Berns  and  Barnes. 
2.  From  residence  near  a  barn ;  say  a  mo- 
nastic or  manorial  barn.  Atte  Berne  is  the 
XIV.  cent.  orthograi)hy.  3.  Barnes,' a  parish 
in  CO.  Surrey.     See  however  Barn. 

BARNETT.  A  town  in  Hertfordshire, 
and  parishes  in  that  co.  and  in  iliddlesex 
and  Lincoln.  In  many  instances  the  name 
Barnard  is  so  corrupted.  It  is — why  I  know 
not — a  common  name  among  the  Jews. 

BARNEWALL.  Lord  Trimlestown's 
ancestor,  De  Bernvale,  accompanied  Wil- 
liam the  Conqueror  to  England  in  10G6. 
He  came  from  Lower  Brittany,  and  was 
allied  to  the  dukes  of  that  province.  The 
family  settled  in  Ireland  temp.  Hen.  II. 
Peerage. 

BARNEY.  1.  A  parish  in  Norfolk.  2. 
A  contracted  form  of  Barnabas  and  of 
Barnard. 

BARNFATHER.     See  Balrnsfather. 

B  ARNPIELD.  A  hundred  in  Kent,  and 
places  in  other  counties. 

BARNHA^M.  Parishes  in  Sussex,  Suf- 
folk, and  Norfolk.  Barnum  is  a  corruption 
of  it. 

BARNSTON.  A  curt  pronunciation  of 
Bai'nardiston. 

BARN^ATilLL.  Parishes  in  cos.  Cam- 
bridge and  Northampton.     See  Barnewall. 

BARON.  BARRON.  Does  not  imply 
any  dignity.  In  Norm.  Yi:  it  means  only 
a  husband";  and  in  0.  Eng.  it  is  simply 
ham,  or  bairn — a  child.  Halliw.  Some- 
times it  may  have  been  given  as  a  sobriquet. 
2.  Baron,  a  village  near  Caen,  in  Nor- 
mandy.    Le  Baron,  Le  Barun.     H.R. 

BAROUGH.  See  Barrow.  Two  town- 
ships CO.  York  are  called  Barugh. 

BARR.  1 .  A  parish  and  a  hamlet  in  co. 
Stafford;  also  a  parish  in  Ayrshire.  2. 
The  gateway  of  a  fortified  town.  3.  A  pre- 
Domesd.  name  Bar,  meaning  probably 
either  A-Sax.  bar,  bear,  or  bar,  boar — a 
sobriquet.     De  la  Bare.     H.E. 

B  ARRATT.  The  same  as  Barrett,  wliich 
see.  One  family  so  called  settled  in  Eng- 
land on  the  persecution  of  the  Fr.  Protes- 
tants, consequent  upon  the  Eevocation  of 
the  Edict  of  Nantes. 

BARRELL.     A  corruption  of  Barwell. 

BARRETT.  BARRITT,  &c.  Baret,a 
personal  name  of  Teutonic  origin,  is  found 
here  in  Saxon  times.  See  Domesd.  In 
various  forms  it  has  always  been  very  com- 
mon in  France  and  England. 

BARRINGER.     The  old  Tentonic  per- 
sonal name  Berengarius,  whence  also  the 
-  Fr.  Beranger. 


BARRING  TON.  Some  of  the  families 
of  this  name  claim  a  Norman  descent,  and 
derive  their  name  from  Bareutou  (which 
see).  The  Irish  baronet  deduces  himself 
from  a  Saxon  progenitor,  keeper  of  the 
Forest  of  Hatfield  in  the  daj'S  of  the  Con- 
queror. Le  Neve  derives  the  name  from  an 
imaginary  Saxon  called  Barentine,  but  ac- 
cording to  Sir  Jonas  Barriugton's  Memou'S, 
the  family's  Norman  origin  is  unques- 
tionable. The  surname  was  variously 
VTitten  Barentin,  Barentyn,  Barenton, 
Barentine,  and  at  length  took  the  English 
form  of  Barrington,  There  are  .parishes 
bearing  this  name  in  four  English  counties. 

BARRISTER.     The  occupation. 

BARROW,  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Derbj',  Gloucester,  Northumb.,  Rutland, 
Salop,  Suffolk,  Chester,  Somerset,  Lincoln, 
Leicester,  &c.     See  Borrowes. 

BARRY.  In  some  instances  from  the 
"Welsh  ab  Harry,  the  son  of  Henry ;  but 
the  Barrysof  Eoclaveston,  co.  Notts.,  claim 
to  be  descended  from  Godfridus,  who 
floiu-ished  at  Teversal,  in  that  shire,  temp. 
"Will.  I.  In  the  H.R.  the  surname  appears 
without  a  prefix.  There  is  a  parish  of 
Barry  in  co.  Forfar. 

BARSHAJ^I.  Parishes  in  Norfolk  and 
Suffolk. 

B  ARTELL.  A  contraction  of  Bartholo- 
mew. In  the  N.  of  England,  the  Feast  of 
St.  B.  is  called  Bartle. 

BARTER.  Probably  the  0.  Eng.  har- 
vator,  one  who  stirs  up  strife  between  the 
king's  subjects,  either  at  law  or  otherwise. 

BARTH.     See  Bartholomew. 

BARTHELEMY.     See  Bartholomew. 

BARTHOLO^IEW.  A  well-known 
Christian  name,  which,  besides  having 
itself  become  a  surname,  has  given  rise  to 
many  others,  viz. :  Barthelemy,  Earth, 
Bartlett,  Barttelot,  Bartle,  and  Bartie ;  also, 
through  its  nicltcd  form,  to  Batt,  Batts, 
Bate,  Bates,  Batson,  Bateson,  Batey,  Batty, 
Battye,  Battcock,  Badcock,  Badkin,  and 
Batliin. 

BARTIE.     See  Bartholomew. 

BARTLE.     See  Bartholomew, 

BARTLETT.     See  Barttelot. 

BARTLETT.     See  Bartholomew. 

BARTON.  The  Gazetteer  gives  thirty- 
seven  parishes,  towns,  and  places  so  called 

.  in  various  counties  of  England.  In  the 
""V.  of  England  the  demesnes  of  a  manor 
or  any  considerable  homestead  are  called 
ha  lions. 

BARTRUIM.     A  corruption  of  Bertram. 

BARTTELOT.  The  Barttelots  of  Stop- 
ham  have  a  tradition  that  they  came  into 
England  at  the  Conquest,  and  settled  at  a 
place  called  La  Ford,  in  that  parish,  in 
which  they  still  reside.  They  are  of  un- 
doubted antiquity,  and  the  church  of  Stop- 
ham  contains  a  long  series  of  their  monu- 


BAS 


20 


BAT 


ments.  The  name  is  proliably,  like  the 
modern  Fr.  Berthelet,  a  diminutive  of 
Bartholomew. 

BAR^^Ti^LL.     A  parish  in  co.  Leicester. 

BART\1CK.     Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 

Essex,  Somerset,  Norfolk,  York,  &c.  Also 
an  old  spelling  of  Berwick. 

BAR^\1S.  BARWISE.  An  ancient  name, 
at  Ilekirk,  co.  Cumberland,  and  doubtless 
local. 

BASE.     See  Bass. 

BASHFORD.  Basford,  places  in  cos. 
Notts,  Stafford,  and  Chester. 

BASIL.  The  personal  name.  Basil, 
Basile,  Basilic.  H.R. 

BASIRE.  A  modification  of  Basile.  So 
in  Normandy  Cecire  from  Cecile,  and  Ma- 
bire  from  Mabile.  Mem.  Soc.  Ant.  Norm. 
1844. 

BASKERVILLE.  The  head  of  this 
family  was  at  the  battle  of  Hastings,  (Tay- 
lor's Roman  de  Rou,  p.  229.)  He  is  stjded 
Martels  de  Basqueville  (Tljid).  The  parish 
of  Baskerville,  now  Bacqueville,  is  in  the 
arrondissement  of  Dieppe.  One  of  his 
descendants,  who  was  butler  to  king 
Stephen,  resumed  the  name  of  (William) 
Martel. 

BASKETT.  Probably  Fr.  Basqnet,  a 
diminutive  of  Basque,  a  native  of  Biscay  ; 
a  page  or  footboy,  because  the  natives  of 
that  province  were  often  so  employed. 

BASS.  Fr.  has,  short,  low  of  stature. 
Le  Bas  is  a  A^ery  well-knOA\ai  Fr.  surname, 
and  has  been  naturalized  here  since  the 
Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 

BASSETT.  O.  Fr.  basset,  '  a  dwarf  or 
very  low  man."  Cotgrave.  This  family, 
who  became  great  barons  and  gave  tlieir 
name  as  a  suffix  to  Drayton  Basset,  Win- 
terbourne  Basset,  &c.,  are  said  to  have 
been  of  humble  origin.  One  of  the  family 
appears  in  Domesd.  as  an  undertenant. 
Ordericus  Vitalis  speaks  of  Ralph  B.  as 
having  been  raised  by  Henry  II.  from  an 
ignoble  stock,  and  from  the  very  dust — 
"  de  ignobili  stirpeacde  pulvere."  The  B.'s 
of  Beaupre,  liowever,  claim  descent  from 
Turstin  B.,  the  Conqueror's  grand  falconer. 
B.L.G. 

BASSESTGIIAJSL  Places  in  cos.  Norfolk 
and  Lincoln. 

BASSINGTIIWAITE.  Bassenthwaite, 
a  parish  in  co.  Cumberland. 

BASSINGTON.  A  township  in  Nor- 
thumberland. 

BASTABLE.  A  corruption  of  Barns- 
taple, CO.  Devon. 

BASTARD.  Li  Norman  times  illegiti- 
macy was  not  regarded  with  the  same 
contempt  as  now.  The  Conqueror  himself, 
though  illcgitiujate,  not  only  succeeded  to 
his  father's  duchy,  but  frankly  avowed 
himself  a  bastard  in  ofti5ial  writings. 
Robert   Bastard  appears  in   the  Domesd. 


survey  as  an  important  tenant  in  capite 
in  Devonshire,  in  wliich  county  the  family 
have  ever  since  flourished  as  great  pro- 
prietors. Bastardus,  le  Bastard,  and  de 
Bastard.   H.R. 

BASTICK.     Bastwick,   a  chapelry,    co. 

Norfolk. 

BATCIIELOR.  The  word  bachelor  has 
long  been  a  sore  puzzle  to  etymologists. 
A^Hiatever  its  origin,  it  seems  to  imply 
something  inchoate — the  partial  achieve- 
ment of  a  desired  object;  thus  a  bachelor 
of  arts,  laws,  &c.,  is  one  who  having 
attained  a  certain  scholastic  honour,  aspires 
after  the  higher  degree  of  master  or  doctor ; 
so  a  knight-bachelor  is  one  who  in  the 
exercise  of  chivalry  has  won  his  spurs,  but 
hopes  to  be  elected  into  some  order  ;  while 
the  bachelor  of  common  life  is  one,  who 
having  attained  the  age  of  manhood,  has 
not  yet  taken  a  position  necessary  to  the 
proper  fulfilment  of  the  social  relation — 
that  of  mari-iage.  Tlie  surname  may  have 
been  applied  originally  to  per.-''  ns  in  this 
■imperfect  condition,  eitlier  in  the  scholastic, 
the  chivalric,  or  the  social  sense. 

BATCOCK.  (See  Cock.)  A  sub-dimi- 
nutive of  Bartholomew.  Badecok  and 
Batecok,  H.R.  The  form  Batecok  is  sug- 
gestive of  '  fighting  cock'  which  may  be  the 
true  source  of  the  name,  from  'bate,'  con- 
flict, combat ;  a  sobriquet  given  to  a  boxer, 
or  metaphorically  to  a  quarrelsome  pereon. 

BATE.  BATES.  BATSON.  See  Bar- 
tholomew. 

BATE]\L\N.  A-Sax.  Ut,  a  boat.  A 
boatman.  A  less  likely  derivation  is  from 
the  0.  B.  hate,  strife — one  who  contends, 
which  is  rather  supported  by  the  analogous 
surname  Bater.  It  is  probable  that  the 
Derbyshire  family  came  from  Norfolk 
(Lysons)  and  so  they  may  have  been  des- 
cendants of  the  old  Norse  vlldngr.  Like 
many  otlier  names  terminating  in  man,  this 
appears  to  have  been  originally  a  baptismal 
appellation.  A  Bateman  de  Apletrewyk 
occurs  in  the  H.R.  in  co.  York. 

BATER.     See  Bateman. 

BATEY.     See  Bartholomew. 

BATH.  BATHE.  A  city  in  Somerset- 
shire. 

BATHER.     The  keeper  of  a  bath. 

BATHGATE.  A  town  in  co. Linlithgow. 

BATHURST.  An  ancient  manor  near 
Battel  Abbey,  co.  Sussex,  which  was  pos- 
sessed by  the  family  in  the  XIV.  cent. 

BATKIN.     See  BartholomeAV. 

BATLEY.     A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

BATSFORD.  An  estate  at  AVarbleton, 
CO.  Sussex,  which  had  owners  of  its  own 
name  in  the  XIV.  cent.  It  was  variously 
written  TJattesford,  Batisford,  &c. 

BATSON.     See  Barlholomew. 

BATT.      BxVTTS.      BATTSON.     See 

Bartholomew. 


BAY 


21 


BE  A 


EATTLE.  BATTAILE.  Battel,  a 
town  ill  Sussex,  so  named  from  the  battle, 
commonly  called,  of  Hastings.  The  sur- 
name is  latinized  De  Bello. 

BATTEN.  The  family  of  B.  of  Somer- 
eet  have  been  seated  there  for  nearly  six 
centuries.  They  are  considered  of  Flemish 
origin.  Among  eminent  merchants  of  the 
staple  (wool-trade)  temp.  Edw.  I.,  were 
several  De  Betej-ns  and  Batyns.  B.  L.  G. 
2.  An  estate  in  the  parish  of  North  Hill, 
CO.  Cornwall,  "  from  which  place  was 
denominated  an  old  family  of  gentlemen 
surnamed  Battin."  Hals,  in  D.  Gilbert's 
Cornwall,  ii.,  227. 

BATTERSB Y.  An  estate  and  township 
in  CO.  York,  long  possessed  Ijy  the  family. 

BATTY.  BATTYE.  See  Bartholo- 
mew. 

BAUCOCK.   BAWCOCK.  A  diminutive 
of  Baldwin. 

BAUD.     A-Norm.  haiide.    Joyous. 

'.Cj  •' 

BAUER.     Germ.    Boor,  husbandman. 

BAUERMAN.     Germ,  lauer-mann. 

BAUGH.  An  old  Scottisli  word  signi- 
fying bad  or  inditierent;  but  the  name  is 
probably  local. 

BAVEXT.  The  lords  B.,  who  gave  ihe 
suffix  to  Eston-Bavent,  co.  Suffolk,  were  a 
Norm,  family,  and  came  from  a  i>lace  still 
so  called,  four  leagues  N.E.  of  Caen. 

BAVERSTOCK.     A  parish  in  Wilts. 

BAVnST.     A  corruption  of  Bavent. 

BAWN.     Celtic.     Fair-haired. 

BAWSOK     Son  of  Ball,  or  Baldwin. 

BAWTREE.  Bawtry,  a  town  in  York- 
shire. The  family  resided  there  temp. 
Edw.  I.     H.E.. 

BAX.     See  Back. 

BAXTER.  The  O.Eng.  and  Scot,  form 
of  Baker.  See  termination  Ster.  See  also 
Eng.  Surn.  i.,  114,  &c.  Jolin  le  Bakestere. 
H.R. 

BAYFIELD.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

BAYFORD.  A  parish  in  Herts,  in  which 
CO.  the  family  resided  temp.  Edw.  I,     H.R. 

BAYLES.  Descendants  of  a  refugee 
family,  who  fled  from  a  persecution  of  the 
Protestants  in  the  Low  Countries,  and 
settled  at  Colchester. 

B  AYLE  Y  —  LIE  — LIFF— LIS  -  LISS, 
&c.     See  Bailey. 

BAYLY.  "The  Bailies  or  Baylys  de- 
rived their  name  from  their  ancestors 
having  anciently  been  bailiffs  of  the  dis- 
tricts of  Carrick,  Kjle,  and  Cunningham, 
in  Scotland."  See  Bayly  of  Ballyarthen,  co. 
Wicklow,  in  B.L.G.     See  Bailey,  &c. 

BAYNARD.  Ralph  Baignard,  or  Bani- 
ardus,  was  a  tenant  in  chief  at  the  making 
of  Domesd.  in  Essex  and  Suffolk.  The  head 
of  his  barony  was    Baj-nard's   Castle,  in 


Thames  Street,  London,  which  was  lost  by 
his  grandson  Henry's  taking  part  against 
Hen.  I.     Kelham. 

BAYNE.  In  Scotland  this  name  is  pro- 
liably  in  some  instances  a  corruption  of  the 
Gaelic  word  "  Baan,"  or  "  Bliaan  "  ivldte — 
but  as  the  amis  are  bones  (Scotticc  banes') 
placed  saltier-Avise,  it  is  possibly  equivalent 
to  Bane  or  Bone. 

BAYNTUN.  Bainton,  parishes  and 
places  in  cos.  York,  Northampton,  and 
Oxford. 

Perhaps  the  vilest  pun  ever  nttcrccTwastliaton  the 
name  of  a  late  M.P.  "  Why  is  the  member  for  York 
not  a  member?"  "  Because  he baint  un  1"  fBayntur.;. 

BEACIIA]\I.  A  vile  mispronunciation 
of  Beauchamp. 

BEACON.  Elevated  spots  in  many  dis- 
tricts, where  beacon  fires  Avere  formerly 
lighted  to  announce  the  approach  of  the 
enemy,  are  still  called  beacons.  Residence 
on  such  a  place  probably  originated  the 
name.     See  Hobler. 

BEADLE.  BEADELL.  A  well-known 
office.  In  Domesd,  we  have,  among  the 
greater  tenants.  Godwin  Bedellus,  and  "Be- 
dellus  quidam  Regis,"  a  certain  beadle,  ap- 
paritor, or  messenger  of  the  King.  Le 
Bedel  is  very  common  in  H.R. 

BEADON.  Probably  local ;  and  of  con- 
siderable antiquity  in  co.  Devon,  as  Beau- 
din,  Beadjn,  &c. 

BEAK.     See  Beke. 

BEALE.  BEAL.  1.  A  hamlet  in  the 
detached  portion  of  Durham.  2.  An  open- 
ing between  hills ;  a  narrow  pass.  Jamie- 
son.  Ferguson  thinks  it  an  ancient  per- 
.soual  name.  Beli,  the  Scandinavian  giant, 
was  slain  by  Freyr.  But  Le  Beale  is  found 
in  H.R. 

BEALES.     See  Beale. 

BEAMISH.  The  Beamishes  of  co.  Cork 
have  been  settled  there  nearly  three  cen- 
turies, but  nothing  is  known  of  the  earlier 
history  of  the  name,  which  would  appear 
to  be  derived  either  from  the  Germ.  Bohm- 
isch,  a  Bohemian,  or  fi'om  Beamish,  a 
to^Tishii^  in  Durham. 

BEAN.  BEANE.  A  Scotch  abbrevia- 
tion of  Benjamin. 

BEANBULK.  Thisname,  aswellasBean- 
shop,  Beanship,  and  Beanskin,  baffles  my 
etymological  skill.  They  may  possibly  be 
connected  with  the  vegetable,  like  the  Ro- 
man familyofFabii,  whose  name  originated 
in  tlieir  being  great  cultivators  of  the  bean 
(faba),  as  were  the  Cicerones  of  the  ewer, 
or  chick i^ease,  and  the  Pisones,  otthejjisttm, 
or  pea.  A  hamlet  in  co.  Leicester  is  called 
Barton-in-Fabis,  or  Barton-iu-the-Beans. 

BEAR.  A  gentleman  in  Kent,  some 
years  since,  rejoiced  in  the  chi-istian  and 
sur-(or  rather  ?/« -christian  and  sur-?^)- 
names  of  Savage  Bear.  Eng.  Surn.  Although 
I  do  not  recollect  any  other  instance  of  this 
name  in  modern  English,  the  nomenclature 
of  many  European  countries,  both  personal 


BE  A 


22 


BE  A 


and  local,    abounds  with    it    in    various 
forms. 

A  -RTiter  in  Edinb.  Kev.  April,  1855,  observes  that 
"a  proper  name  obtained  from  tlie  bear,  is  still  pre- 
served in  Bernard,  -while  Ursus  and  Urso  are  names 
of  great  antiquity.  St.  Ursus  belongs  to  the  V.  cent. 
Ursus,  Ursinus,  De  Ursinis,  are  found  in  England 
after  the  Conquest  as  names  of  elcrgpnon,  not  un- 
fi'equently  foreigners.  But  the  Bear  had  ceased  to 
exist  in  England  so  long  before  hereditary  surnames 
were  adopted,  that  traces  of  the  old  king  of  the  nor- 
thern forest  are  mainly  to  be  found  in  such  surnames 
as  are  derived  from  the  names  of  places.  Urswick, 
in  Lancashu'e,  is  a  source  of  sucli  a  surname."  [This 
is  a  misapprehension.  Ursidck  is  more  lilcely  from 
eofer,  A-Sax.  for  wild-boar,  and  u'ic.  I  have  no 
faith  in  the  derivation  of  one  word  from  two  lan- 
guages]. "Some  of  the  names  Berens,  Berridge, 
Bcrworth,  Berney,  Berenham,  Beresford,  Berford, 
Berewick,  Baring,  Bearcroft,  Bearsley,  may  be  de- 
rived from  the  bear  ;  but  here,  the  A-Sax.  for 
barley,  which  was  much  cultivated  in  early  times,  is 
a  more  probable  etymolcjy  for  most  of  them.  On 
the  continent,  Berlin  derives  its  name  from  the  bear, 
which  is  the  city's  armorial  bearing,  as  it  is  of  tlie 
canton  and  city  of  Berne.  The  bear  has  been  highly 
lionoured  in  the  Scandinavian  peninsula,  M'here  many 
surnames  compounded  irith  Bjcirn,  indicate  a  deriva- 
tion from  him.  He  gave  his  name  to  Albert  the 
Bear,  Margrave  of  Brandenburg,  who  flourished  early 
in  the  XII.  cent.  At  Rome,  he  produced  the  Orsiiii, 
in  France,  St.  Ursus,  and  in  Britain,  St.  Ursula,  who 
is  said  to  have  headed  the  11,000  virgins  in  achieving 
the  honours  of  martyrdom  at  Cologne,  and  who  in 
more  recent  times  has  b.een  patroness  of  the  Ursuline 
sisters,  and  of  the  celebrated  Princess  Des  Ursms." 

BEARD.  AVhen  the  unnatural  process 
of  shaving  was  unknown,  as  it  was  during 
a  great  part  of  tlie  middle  ages,  many  per- 
sons were  known  by  sobriquets  having 
reference  to  this  appendage  to  the  manly 
chin.  Besides  Beard,  we  have,  or  have 
had.  Blackboard,  Fairbeard,  Longbeard, 
Heavj'beard,  and  Beardman,  A  coimnon 
form  in  fl.R.  is  cum  JSarba,  as  Hugo  cum- 
Barba,  Johannes  cum  Barba.  In  Domesd. 
the  powerful  Hugh  de  Montfort  is  some- 
times described  as  Hugo  Barbatus.  The 
name  may,  however,  be  local,  from  Beard, 
a  township  in  Derbyshire. 

BEARMAN.     Probably  the  same  as  Ber- 
ward. 
BEATII.     A  parish  in  FIfesbire. 

BEATON".  This  great  Scottish  name  is 
a  corruption  of  Bethune.  On  the  occasion 
of  tlie  marriage  between  James  II  of  Scot- 
land and  JMary  of  Gueldres  in  l-i48,  a 
member  of  the  distinguished  family  of 
Bethune,  coming  into  Scotland  in  the 
train  of  the  princess,  was  solicited  by 
James  to  remain  at  the  Scottish  court, 
where  he  married  the  heiress  of  the  great 
house  of  Balfour.  His  name  was  corrupted 
by  the  Scots  to  Bcthun,  Beton,  and  Beaton. 
See  L'Histoire  Genealogi(pie  de  la  Maison 
de  Bethune,  par  Andre  du  Chesne.  Paris, 
1C30. 

BEATSON.  The  son  of  Beattie,  which 
see. 

BEATTIE.  An  "abbreviation  of  the 
female  name  Beatrix."  Jamieson.  See 
Female  Christian  Names  which  have  be- 
come Surnames. 

BEAU.     Fr.  Fine,  handsome. 

BEAUCHAMP.  This  illustrious  name 
is  found  in  many  countries  of  Europe — e.  g. 
in   France  as  Bcauchamp,   in  Scotland  as 


Campbell,  in  England  as  Fairfield,  in  Ger- 
many as  Schonau,  and  in  Italj'  as  Cami^o- 
bello.  It  was  introduced  into  England  at 
the  Norman  Conquest  by  Hugh  de  Bel- 
champ,  Beauchamp,  or  de  Bello  Campo,  to 
whom  William  gave  43  lordships,  chiefly 
in  the  county  of  Bedford.  Between  forty 
and  fifty  coats  are  assigned  in  the  armorial 
dictionaries  to  this  name,  which,  in  vulgar 
jiarlance,  is  vilely  corrupted  to  Beccham. 
The  Itin.  de  la  Normandie  mentions  a 
Beauchamp  near  Avranches,  and  a  Beau- 
camp  near  Havre. 

BEAUCLERK.  Fr.  heau  clerc ;  "Fine 
scholar" — an  honourable  appellation  bestow- 
ed on  men  versed  in  letters ;  among  others 
upon  oui'  Henry  I.  The  present  surname 
was  imposed  by  Charles  II.  on  his  natural 
son  Charles,  first  duke  of  St.  Albans.  The 
opposite  namei)/«?/cZ6'?'c — the  bad  scholar — 
is  found  in  ancient  records. 

BEAUFOY.  Not  'fiiir  faith,'  as  it  might 
appear  from  the  Fr. ;but  bella  farjns,  "fair 
beech,"  the  name  of  a  locality  now  called 
Beau-Fai,  in  thearrondissementof  Mortagne, 
in  NormaudJ^  Ealph  de  Bella  Fago,  or 
Beaufoy,  accompanied  the  Conqueror,  and 
became  a  tenant  in  chief  in  Norfolk  and 
Suffolk.  He  was  a  near  relative  of  William 
de  Beaufoe,  the  Conqueror's  chancellor 
and  cliaplain.  Kelliam"s  Domesd.  Dixon 
mentions  that  the  latinization  is  sometimes 
Bella  Fide,  equivalent  to  Truman  and 
Trusty. 

BEAU^IAN.     Originally  Bauman.    The 

famil}^  were  exjielled  from  Bohemia  for 
their  Lutheran  opinions,  and  a  branch 
settled  in  Holland,  from  whence,  after  the 
accession  of  William  III.,  they  transferred 
themselves  to  co.  Wexford.  B.L.O. 

BEAUMONT.  Roger  de  Belmont  ap- 
pears in  Domesd.  as  a  chief  tenant  in  cos. 
Dorset  and  Gloucester.  According  to  Sir 
H.  Ellis,  he  was  a  near  kinsman  of  the 
Conqueror,  being  a  lineal  descendant  of 
that  king's  great  grandfather.  Some  trace 
the  noble  English  families  from  the  Vis- 
counts Beaumont  of  Normandj-,  and  others 
from  the  blood-royal  of  France.  The  Itin. 
de  la  Normandie  gives  five  places  in  that 
province  called  Beaumont,  i.  e.,  '  the  fair 
or  beautiful  hill,'  and  there  are  English 
parishes,  &c.,  so  called  in  cos.  Cumberland, 
Essex,  and  Leicester.  In  charters  the  name 
is  -(vritten  De  Bello  Monte. 

BEAUSIRE.  A  Huguenot  family  in 
Ireland.  Fr.  beau -sire,''''  fair  sir."  Belsire 
is  found  in  the  H.R. 

BEAUVESYN.  O.  Fr.  hel  voism,  fair  or 
good  neigliljour,  the  opposite  of  Malvoisiu 
or  Manvesyn. 

BEAUVOIR.  DE  BEAU  VOIR.  De- 
rived from  a  follower  of  the  Conqueror, 
called  Beauvois,  Avho  liy  some  genealogists 
is  made  father  of  the  S'ir  Bevis  of  Hamp- 
toun,  of  medieval  romance  (which,  how- 
ever, represents  him  as  a  pre-Norman).  The 
family  afterwards  settled  in  Guernsey,  then 
in  COS.  Suffolk  and  Middlesex.  The  De 
Beavoirs  of  Berks,   the   De   Beauvoirs  of 


BED 


23 


BEK 


Ireland,  and  the  various  families  of  Beaver, 
Bee^'er,  Bevor,  &c.,  claim  descent  from  a 
common  stock.  See  Life  of  Capt.  P. 
Beaver,  R.N.,  by  Admiral  Smjth. 

BEAVAN.  BEAVEN.  I1ie  same  as 
Bevan. 

BEAVER.     See  Beauvolr. 

BE  AVIS.     See  Bevis. 

BECCLES.  A  town  In  Suffolk.  De 
Beckles,  H.R. 

BECK.  BECKE.  Teutonic  hecc.  A 
rivulet  or  small  stream,  in  various  dialects 
of  England.  Bee  in  Normandy  gave  name 
to  a  baronial  race,  and  a  Flemish  family  of 
Bee,  wholly  unconnected  with  them,  held 
Eresby  and  other  manors  at  the  time  of  the 
Domesd.  survey.     Gent.  Mag.,  Jan.,  1832. 

BECKET.  BECKETT.  See  A'Beckett. 
There  is  a  tything  in  co.  Berks  so  called. 

BECKFORD.  A  parish  in  Gloucester- 
shu-e,  in  which  county  the  family  first  ap- 
pear, in  connection  with  the  Abbey  of 
Gloucester,  in  the  XII.  cent.  De  Beck- 
ford.  H.R. 

BECKIXGHAM.  Parishes  in  cos.  Lin- 
coln and  Notts.  De  Bekingham  occurs  in 
the  former  co.    H.R. 

BECKLEY.  Parishes  in  cos.  Sussex  and 
Bucks. 

BECKMAX.  Beck,  a  stream,  and  man. 
See  termination  Man. 

BECKAVITH.  The  last  syllable  is  a 
corruption  of  n-oHli.  ]\Iost  of  the  armi- 
gerous  families  of  the  name  spring  from 
Yorkshire,  and  Beckwith,  a  liamlet  in  the 
parish  of  Panual,  in  that  county,  is  pro- 
bably the  cradle  of  the  race.  It  is  said 
(see  B.L.G.)  that  the  original  name  of  the 
family  was  Malbie,  or  Malbysse,  and  that 
it  was  changed  to  B.  temp.  Hen.  III. 

BECOK     See  Beacon. 

BEDALE.     A  jwrish  in  Yorkshire. 

BEDDIXG.  From  Bede.  The  descen- 
dants of  Beda.    See  Ing. 

BEDDOE.     Perhaps   a  modification    of 

Bede.    Ferguson. 

BEDE.     A  personal  name  of  great  an- 

tiquit}',  borne  by  the   "venerable"  A- Sax. 
historian. 

BEDFORD.  Godwidere  and  Osgar  de 
Bedeford  were  tenants  in  capite  in  Bed- 
fordshire, 1086.  Domesd.  The  former  had 
held  the  same  lands  before  the  Conquest. 

BEDHAMPTOJT.  A  parish  in  Hants. 
De  Bedampton,  H.R. 

BEDIXGFIELD.  Orgerus  de  Pugeys 
(or  Longueville)  came  hither  at  the  Con- 
quest, and  was  one  of  the  four  knights  of 
the  Lord  JIalet,  lord  of  the  manor  of  Eye, 
CO.  Sufiblk,  who  gave  him  the  manor  of 
Bedingfield  in  that  vicinity,  inide  nomciu 
Courthope's  Debrett. 

BEDINGHAM.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 


BEDINGTON.     A  parish  in  Surrey. 

BEDWELL.  A  hamlet,  co.  Bedford. 
De  Bedewell,  H.R. 

BEDWIN.       Two    parishes,    in     Wilts. 

Bedewiue.  H.R. 
BEE.     Probably  allusive  to  the  industry 
of  the  original  bearer,  or  the  sign  of  his 
shop. 
g^BEE,  as  a  termination,  is  a  corruption 
of  '  liy.'  Examples  :    Holmbee,   Batters- 
bee,  Bradbee,  Boltbee. 

BEEBY.     A  parish  in  co.  Leicester. 

BEECH.  From  residence  near  a  tree  of 
this  species.  Atte-Beche.  Also  a  place  in 
CO.  Staftbrd.     See,  however,  Beke. 

BEECHER.  Becher  is  found  in  the 
H.R,  without  any  prefix.  Le  Becher,  Le 
Becchur,  and  Le  Beechur,  also  occur  there. 

BEEDHAM.     See  Beetham. 

BEEMAN.  BEMAN.  Li  former  times, 
when  mead  or  methlegn  was  a  favourite 
beverage,  the  number  of  bees  kept  in  Eng- 
land must  have  been  much  larger  than 
now.  Bce-jtarlts,  or  enclosures,  exist  in 
several  parts  of  the  country,  though  now 
appropriated  to  other  uses.  The  keeper  of 
such  a  jjark  was  called  Custos  Aphtm — 
"  keeper  of  the  bees" — whence  Beeman. 
His  duties  are  defined  in  the  Gloss,  of 
Services,  Cott.  M.S.  Titus.  A.  XXVII. 
fol.  150.  Ellis,  Introd.  Domesd.  Among 
the  Domesd.  tenants  of  Herefordshire  is 
a  Custos  Apium.  In  one  instance,  however, 
this  surname  is  a  known  corruption  of 
Beaumont. 

BEER.  BEERE.  BEARE.  Two  places 
on  the  banks  of  the  Tamar,  in  co.  Devon, 
are  called  Beer-Alston  and  Beer-Ferris, 
while  two  others  in  Dorsetshire  bear  the 
names  of  Beer-Hacket  and  Beer- Regis. 

BEESON.     A  corruption  of  Beeston. 

BEESTON.  Parishes,  &c.  in  cos.  Bed- 
ford, Chester,  Norfolk,  Notts  and  York. 

BEET.     Perhai:)s  the  same  as  Beath. 
BEETHAM.  A  parish  in  Westmoreland. 
BEETLE.     A   corruption   of   Bedel   or 
Beadle — the  office. 

BEEVOR.  BEEVERS.     See  Beauvoir. 

BEGG.  A. personal  name.  An  A-Sax. 
saint  was  so  called. 

BEHARREL.  Three  brothers  of  this 
name  from  Holland  came  over  with  Sir  C. 
Vermuyden  to  assist  in  draining  Hatfield 
Chase,  co.  York,  temp.  Chas.  I. 

BEIGHTON.  Parishes  In  cos.  Norfolk 
and  Suffolk. 

BEKE.  This  family  has  no  connection 
with  that  of  Bee  or  Beck ;  nor  is  it  of 
Norman  origin.  It  was  founded  in  Eng- 
land by  the  Goisfred  de  Beche,  of  Domesd. 
De  Beche  and  De  la  Beche  were  the  Nor- 
man-Fr.  modes  of  writing  the  Flemish 
Van  der  Beke,  which  was,  doubtless,  the 
I     real  name  borne  by  this  Godisfred  in  his 


BEL 


24 


BEL 


native  countrj',  Avhere  he  had  a  good  estate. 
5'liere  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  ch  was 
sounded  hard,  for  in  East  Kent,  where  the 
family  acquired  the  estate  of  Lyving's- 
Bourne,  they  ahered  the  prefix  to  Bekes, 
and  the  i)arish  still  bears  the  designation  of 
Beakesbourne,  while,  in  some  Kentish  re- 
cords, the  name  is  written  De  la  Beke. 
Tlie  liarons  Beke  of  Eresby  were  of  this 
family. 

At  the  present  dny  tliere  are  Van  der  Beekes  in 
Holland,  Vander  Bcckes  in  Germany,  and  Del  Becqucs 
in  Belgium  and  Fr.  Flanders.  Inf.  C.  Beke,  Esq. 

Beek  or  Beke  is  Dutch  for  brook  or 
rivulet,  and  therefore  etymologically  iden- 
tical with  Brook  and  Beck. 

BELASYSE.  The  genealogists  of  this 
family  assert,  that  the  great  ancestor  of  the 
Earls  Fauconberg  was  one  Belasius,  who 
came  over  with  the  Conqueror  in  10G6,  and 
became  general  against  the  forces  of  Edwin 
and  Morcar  in  tlie  Isle  of  Ely.  His  son, 
Eoland,  married  the  heiress  of  Ralph  de 
Belasyse,  of  that  Ilk,  in  the  bishoprick  of 
Durham,  and  thereupon  assumed  her  sur- 
name. Collins.  De  Belasyse  is  doubtless 
found  in  early  Norman  times,  though  Be- 
lasius is  probably  a  figment.  Bellasis  is  a 
hamlet  near  Morpeth. 

BELCHER.     O  Fr.  hd  chere,  good  com- 
.  iMny.     So   Boncompagnon,   and   our    o^vn 
Goodfellow,  &c. 

BELCOMBE.  A  recent  refinement  upon 
Bulcock,  properly  Boulcott,  a  local  name. 

BELCmiBER.  Belencombre  In  the  ar- 
rondissemeut  of  Dieppe  in  Normandy.  De 
Belecumbr',  De  Belencumbr',  &c.  H.R. 

BELDAM.  "A  woman  who  lives  to  see 
a  sixth  generation  descended  from  her." 
Kennett.  The  surname,  however,  is  doubt- 
less local.     See  Eng.  Sum.  i.  213. 

BELESi^IE.  Li  the  Battel  Roll  Belemis. 
The  second  son  of  Roger  de  3Ioutgomery 
was  so  named.  Kclham.  Bellcme  is  a 
town,  once  of  great  strength,  in  the  arron- 
dissement  of  Mortagne,  and  it  gave  name 
to  a  2)owerful  race  of  counts. 

BELFORD,  A  parish  in  Northumber- 
land. 

BELGRAVE.  A  parish  in  co.  Leicester, 
long  possessed  by  the  family. 

BELKE.  Probably  Bclgh,  a  hamlet  in 
CO.  Nottingham. 

BELL.  This  common  surname  is  doubt- 
less le  Bel,  0.  Fr.  for  fine,  handsome  ;  and 
in  this  form  it  is  found  in  the  H.R.  The 
chief  habitation  of  the  Bells  has  long  been 
on  the  Scottish  border.  In  a  MS.  of  1590, 
relating  to  the  defences  of  that  district,  we 
find  in  Cumberland,  under  Bridekirk,  this 
entiy  :  "  About  them  is  a  great  surname  of 
Bells  and  Cavlisles,  who  have  been  long  in 
feud  Avith  the  Irwyns."  Again  :  "  In  Gils- 
land  is  no  great  surname  :  the  Belles  is  the 
most."     Archffiolog.  XXII.  p.  169—70. 

BELLAIRS.  Ilamon,  one  of  the  sons 
of  Nigel  de  Albini  liy  I\Iaud  do  Aquila, 
niece  of  Hugh  Lupus,  assumed  the  name 


of  De  Beler,  subsequently  corrupted  to  Bel- 
lars  and  Bellairs.     B.L.G. 

BELLAMY.  Dr.  Giles  regards  this  as  a 
corruption  of  the  Norman  surname  Belesrae; 
but  there  is  ainmdance  of  evidence  to  shew 
that  it  is  the  old  or  Norman-French  Ijcl- 
amy,  "fair  friend,"  used  much  m  the  de- 
preciatory way  in  which  we  now  employ 
"good  fellow."  A^Hien  William  Rufus  had 
scolded  his  chamberlain  for  offering  him  a 
a  pair  of  silk  hose  that  had  cost  only 
three  shillings,  and  the  oflicial  had  pro- 
cured a  worse  pair  for  a  mark,  Robert  of 
Gloucester  makes  the  monarch  say — 
"Aye  bd-amii,  quoth  the  King,  these  were  well 
liought  ; 
In  this  manner  servo  me,  other  ne  serve  me  not." 

Camel.  Rem. 

The  Promptorium  defines  the  word, 
"  Amicus  pulcher,  et  est  Gallicum,  et 
Anglice  dicitur,  fayre  frjTide." 

BELLARNEYS.  A  probable  corruption 
of  the  .  Fr.  name  Beauharnais,  "  fine 
armour." 

BELLASLSE.  (See  Belasyse).  A  hamlet 
in  the  parish  of  Stannington,  co.  Northum- 
berland. This  ancient  family  afterwards 
removed,  unfavourably  for  themselves,  to 
Hcnknoull,  whence  the  old  northern  dis- 
tich : 

"  Bellasis,  Bellasis,  daft  M-as  thy  knoll, 
When  exchanged  Bellasis  for  Ucnltnoull." 

Sharpe's  Chronicon  Mirahik. 

BELLCHAi\IBERS  1.  A  name  appro- 
priate enough  for  church  tower.  2.  "  Bellus 
Camerarius"  may  have  been  the  sobriquet 
of  a  "  handsome  chamberlain."  See 
Chamberlain,  Chamliers,  &c. 

BELLENDEN.  See  Ballantyne.  That 
it  is  a  distinct  name,  howe^'er,  is  proved  by 
the  existence  of  De  Bellenedene  in  the 
H.R. 

BELLl^iT.  William  Belet,  steward  of 
William  the  Conqueror,  ^vas  a  teuant-in- 
chief  in  cos.  Hants  and  Dorset.  Domesd. 
As  the  name  is  not  i:)refixed  by  De,  it  is 
doubtless  a  descriptive  sobriquet,  perhaps 
signifying  a  "  handsome  little  fellow."  His 
descendants  M'cre  barons  liy  tenure  till  tenij). 
Hen.  HI.     Nicolas'  Synopsis. 

BELLE  W.  Brobably  of  jSTorman  origin, 
meaning  hcl-cav,  in  Lat.  hvlla-aqua,  the 
fair  water  ;  the  designation  of  some  locality. 
Belleau  is  a  parish  in  Lincolnshire.  John 
de  B.  was  a  liaron  of  rarliainent  temp. 
Edw.  I. 

BELLHOUSE.  A-Sax.  M-Ms,  a  man- 
sion. It  was  a  mark  of  dignity  to  be  pos- 
sessed of  a  bell.  In  the  reign  of  Athelstau 
every  ceorle  or  freeman  who  owned  fi^'e 
hides  of  land,  a  church,  a  kitchen,  and  a 
hell-Jwnse  took  rank  as  a  Thane.  De  Bel- 
hus  and  De  la  Belhuse  are  in  H.R. 

BELLINGnAI\I.  The  pedigree  Is  de- 
duced from  Alan  de  B.,  of  Bellingham,  in 
Northumberland,  tem}?.  William  the  Con- 
queror. In  the  XV.  and  XVI.  cent,  a 
younger  branch  became  widely  extended  in 
Sussex,  and  in  that  county  there  existed 
contemporaneously  with  it,  a  distinct  family 


BEN  25 


of  B.,  who  seem  to  have  borrowed  their 
name  from  Belingeham,  a  manor  near 
Hastings,  mentioned  in  Domesday. 

BELLINIAN.  An  officer  in  corporate 
towns,  who  rings  his  bell  and  proclaims  the 
hour  of  the  night. 

BELLOW  and  BELLOWS  bear  arms 
similar  to  those  of  Bellew. 

BELLRINGER.  From  very  early  ages 
England  has  been  famous  for  its  bells ;  so 
much  so,  that  Britain  was  known  even  in 
Saxon  times  as  "the  ringing  island."  A 
skilful  ringer  of  the  medieval  period  would 
readily  acquire  this  sm-name. 

BELLY.  A  curious  corruption  of  Bel- 
eau.     See  Bellew. 

BELSIIAM  Balsham,  a  parish  in  co. 
Cambridge. 

BELTON".  Parishes  in  cos.  Leicester, 
Lincoln,  Eutland,  and  Suffolk. 

BELWARD.  "  One  Beluard"  occurs  as 
a  Domesd.  tenant,  co.  Gloucester,  and 
William  Belward,  lord  of  Malpas,  co.  Ches- 
ter, founded  many  great  Northern  families. 
See  Eng.  Sum.  ii.  id. 

BEXCHE.  Benche  and  Bence  occur 
in  the  H.  R.,  without  the  prefix  do 
or  le.  The  A-Sax.  bc/ic  and  Fr.  hanc 
signify,  like  the  modern  hench,  a  long  seat 
affording  accommodation  for  more  than 
one  person  ;  hence  the  Queen's  bench,  the 
bench  of  Bishops,  a  bench  of  magistrates, 
or  any  plurality  of  dignified  persons.  The 
surname  probably  originated  in  some 
ancient  legal  court. 

BENCOCK.     See  Benjamin. 

BENDISH.     See  Bennett  and  Beivlyshe. 

BENDYSHE.  A  manor  in  Radwinter, 
CO.  Essex,  acquired  in  the  XIII.  cent,  by 
one  of  the  De  Westley  famil}'^,  who  there- 
upon assumed  his  surname  from  it. 

BENE.    See  Bean, 
i.  222. 


See  also  Eng.  Surn. 


BENETFINK.     The  name  of  a  parish  in 

London. 

BENFIELD.  Places  in  cos.  Northampt. 
and  Durham. 

BENGE.  A  curt  or  nicked  form  of 
Benjamin. 

BENII ACOCK.     See  Benjamin. 

BENHAjM,     a  tything  in  co.  Berks. 

BENJAMIN.  The  personal  name.  As 
a  surname  it  is  chiefly,  but  not  altogether, 
confined  to  the  Jewish  families.  The  deri- 
vative surnames  are  Benn,  Bean,  Benns, 
Benson,  Benhacock,  Bencock,  Benkin, 
Benny,  Bense. 

BENKIN.     See  Benjamin. 

BENN.  BENNS.     See  Benjamin. 

BENNELL.     Benwell,  co.  Northumb. 

BENNETT.     From  the  personal  name 
Benedict.   In  the  reigns  of  Edwards  II.  and 
E 


BEE 

III.  the  name  is  found  thus  modified :  Fitz 
Benedict,  Bcnediscite,  Bendiste,  Bendish, 
Bennett.  Tliis  was  in  the  city  of  Noi-^-ich. 
N.  and  Q.  v.  291.  The  derivation  from  hend, 
a  minor  order  of  priests,  is  improbable. 

BENNICK.     Benwick,    a   chapelry,   co. 
Cambridge. 

BENNINGTON.    Parishes  in  cos.  Lin- 
coln and  Herts. 

BENNISON.  The  son  of  Benuet  or 
Benedict,  or  of  Benjamin. 

BENNY.  BENEY.  See  Benjamin.  Per- 
haps local. 

BENSE,  i.e.  Ben's.     See  Benjamin. 

BENSLEY.  Most  persons  of  the  name 
trace  back  to  Norfolk  and  Suffolk,  and 
there  is  a  tradition  of  Danish  descent.  The 
name  is  certainly  found  in  Sweden.  The 
celebrated  Benzelius,  Archbishop  of  Upsal, 
derived  his  surname  from  the  village  of 
Benzely  near  that  city.  (V.  Gorton  and 
Watkins).  In  Domesd.  we  have  a  Benze- 
linus,  apparently  a  follower  of  the  Con- 
queror, and  as  the  forms  Benesle,  Bensle}Ti, 
&c.,  are  used  incUscriminately,  there  is  little 
doubt  of  these  names  coming  from  a  com- 
mon Scandinavian  source.  The  name  is 
found  in  28  forms  of  spelling.  Inf.  T. 
Bensley,  Esq. 

BENSON.  See  Benjamin.  But  De 
Benson  is  found  in  H.B. 

BENSTED.  Binsted,  jDlaceR  in  Hants 
and  Sussex. 

BENT.  An  open  plain,  common,  or 
moor.     See  Eng.  Surn.  i.  Gi. 

BENTHALL.     A  parish  in  Shropshire. 

BENTHA]\I.  There  is  not  much  reason 
to  doubt  that  this  name  is  derived  from  the 
parish  of  Benthaui,  in  the  West  Ridhag  of 
Yorkshire.  Jeremy  Bentham,  however, 
fancied  himself  descended  from  the  German 
Counts  of  Bentheim,  and,  utilitarian  and 
denrocrat  though  he  was,  at  one  time 
actually  meditated  the  purchase  of  some 
property  which  had  formed  part  of  their 
territories.    AVestminster  Rev.,  July,  ISiiS. 

BENTINCK.  William  13.  (first  duke 
of  Portland)  accompanied  William  III.  to 
this  country  from  Holland  in  1688. 

BENTLEY.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Hants,  Stafford,  Suffolk,  Warwick,  York, 
Essex,  Derby,  Sussex,  &c. 

BENTON.     A  parish  in  Northumb. 

BENIVELL.  A  township  in  Northum- 
berland. The  Benwells  were  descended 
from  the  Shaftos  of  that  county. 

BENYON.  Ab  Enion,  "the  son  of 
Enion,''  a  Welsh  personal  name.  See  re- 
marks under  Bunyan,  Pinion,  and  Onion. 

BERE.     See  Beer.    De  Bere,  H.R. 

BEREBREWER.     See  Brewer. 

BERESFORD.  A  manor  and  townsliip 
in  Astonfield,  co.  Stafford,  possessed  by  the 
ancestors  of  the  several  noble  families  of 


BER 


26 


BET 


this  surname  for  centuries.  In  tlie  XVII. 
it  passed  by  maiTiage  to  the  family  of 
Cotton,  the  Angler,  and  the  fishing-house 
which  lie  built  for  Isaac  Walton  still  exists. 
In  1823  Lord  Beresford  repurchased  the 
estate  of  his  ancestors,  and  it  now  belongs 
to  A.  J.  Beresford  Hope,  Esq.,  M.P.  &c. 

BERGER.     Fr.   A  shepherd. 

BERKELEY.  Tliis  noble  race  descend 
from  Thos.  de  B.,  lord  of  Berkeley  castle, 
CO.  Gloucester,  temp.  Edw.  I.,  and  fifth  in 
lineal  succession  from  Harding,  a  Dane  of 
royal  blood,  and  one  of  the  companions  of 
William  the  Conqueror.  Hence  the  name 
and  title  Fitz-Hardinge  in  connection  with 
the  family.  Such  is  the  statement  of  the 
Peerages,  "though  it  is  well  ascertained," 
says  a  correspondent  of  Gent.  Mag., 
June  1846,  that  the  founders  of  the  house, 
"  Harding  of  Bristol,  and  his  son  Robert 
Fitz-Harding,  were  only  burghers  of  that 
city."     Sayers'  Hist.  Bristol. 

BERKS.     Possibly  from  the  county. 

BERLIINGHAM.  A  baronial  family, 
who  derived  their  name  from  their  manor 
and  castle  of  Birmiugliam,  co.  AYarwick, 
where  they  were  settled  temp.  Hen.  I. 

BERNAL,  Probably  the  same  as  the  O. 
Frankish  personal  naine  Bernald.  Fergu- 
son. It  may,  however,  be  the  same  as 
Burnell. 

BERNARD.  BERNARDSON.  A  well- 
lvno\vii  personal  name. 

BERNAYS.     See  under  Berney. 

BERNERS.  According  to  Domesd., 
Hugh  de  Berners,  as  a  tenant  in  chief,  held 
Evresdon,  co.  Cambridge.  Tlie  Itiu.  Norm, 
mentions  six  localities  called  Bernicres,  in 
diflcrent  parts  of  Normandy,  but  which  of 
them  is  the  cradle  of  tliis  noble  race  is  un- 
known. A  very  different  origin  is  assigned 
in  Arch.  Joura.  vii.,  322,  viz. :  O.  Fr. 
dernier,  a  vassal  who  paid  hrrcnacjc,  a  feudal 
diie  for  the  support  of  the  lord's  hounds. 
Berner,  Bernerus,  &c.,  are  found  in  Domesd. 
as  baptismal  names. 

BERNEY.  The  baronet's  family  are  as- 
serted to  have  been  seated  at  Berney,  near 
Walsingham,  co.  Norfolk,  at  the  time  of  the 
Norman  Conquest — a  great  improbability, 
although  their  -^'cry  early  settlement  there 
cannot  be  questioned.  Bernays  is  of  dis- 
tinct origin,  being  a  recent  importation 
from  Germany;  it  is  supposed  that  the 
latter  family  were  originally  Frencli,  and 
that  they  derived  their  designation  from 
the  town  of  Bernay,  in  the  department  of 
the  Eure,  in  Normandy. 

BERNOLD.     An  A-Snx.  personal  name. 

BERNONYILLE.  A  Fr.  refugee  family 
after  the  Rev.  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 

BERRALL.     See  Bnrrell. 

BERRESTGTON.  Places  in  cos.  Durham, 
Gloucester,  Salop,  Worcest.,  Hereford,  kc. 

BERRY.  A  parish  in  Devon ;  but  from 
tlie  coimnonness  of  the  name  it  nuust  be 


regarded  as  another  form  of  Burj'^,  which 
see.     See  alsa  Burgh. 

BERTIE.  A  very  pretty  tradition  brings 
t\\Q  Berties,  at  the  time  of  the  Saxon  in- 
vasion, from  Beviiland,  in  Prussia,  toBertie- 
stad,  now  Bersted,  in  Kent,  where  "  one  of 
our  Saxon  monarchs  gave  him  a  castle  and 
town  !"  A  Cottonian  MS.  makes  one  Leo- 
pold de  Bertie  (!)  constable  of  Dover  Castle 
in  the  time  of  King  Ethelred,  but  his  son 
of  the  same  name,  being  out  of  favour  at 
court,  retired  to  France.  From  that  country 
in  the  year  1154  his  descendant  came  to 
England  with  Henry  II.,  who  restored  to 
him  his  ancestral  estate  at  Bersted.  See 
Burke's  Ext.  Peerage. 

BERTRAIM.  A  well-known  baptismal 
name.  The  family  is  Nonu.,  dating  from 
temp.  Hen.  I.,  when  William  B.  founded 
the  Priory  of  Brinkburne,  co.  Northumb. 
Also  local,  as  William  de  B.  occurs  in 
Domesd.  as  a  tenant  in  chief,  co.  Hants. 
Two  baronies  by  tenure  were  held  in  the 
name  of  Bertram  down  to  the  XIII.  cent. 

BERTRAND.     The  same  as  Bertram. 

BERWARD.  Bear-ward,  the  keeper  of 
a  bear. 

"  Here  is  Jenkj-ne  Berwavdc  of  Barwycke." 

Cocke  Lorelle's  Bote. 

BERWICK.  In  Domesd.  a  hei-eunca 
generally  means  an  outlying  portion  of  a 
manor.  Of  places  so  called  we  have,  be- 
sides the  great  northern  town,  parishes, 
&c.,  in  COS.  Sussex,  York,  Northumb.,  Wilts, 
Haddington,  &c. 

BESFORD.     A  parish  in  co.  Worcester. 

BEST.  BESTE.  This  name  has  pro- 
bably no  connection  with  the  adjective. 
In  the  H.  R.  it  occurs  as  Le  Beste, 
'  the  beast,'  a  sobricjuet ;  but  there  is  one 
well-authenticated  instance,  in  which  it  is  a 
corruption  of  the  Norman  Basset.  Inf. 
Stacey  Grimaldi,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

BESWICK.  Places  in  cos.  York  and 
Lancaster.  The  B.'s  of  Gristhorpe  have 
been  seated  there  for  iipwards  of  four 
centuries.     B.L.G. 

BETHAM.     See  Boetham. 

BETIIELL.     See  BIthell. 

BETHUNE.  Tills  Illustrious  name  Is 
traceable,  beyond  question,  to  Robert,  sur- 
named  Faisseus,  seigneur  of  the  town  of 
Bethune,  in  Artois,  in  the  year  1000,  and 
there  is  good  reason  to  suppose  that  he  was 
a  descendant  of  the  ancient  Counts  of 
Artois.  His  descendants,  Avho  were  en- 
nobled in  every  grade  and  in  various 
countries,  reckon  among  theirnumbermany 
princes  of  Hainault  in  Flanders,  Cardinal 
Beaton  in  Scotland,  and  the  great  Due  de 
Sully  in  France.  See  L'Histoire  Genealo- 
gique  de  la  maison  De  Bethune  par  Andre 
du  Chcsne,  Paris,  1G39.    (See  Beaton). 

BETTELEY.     Betley,  co.  Stafford. 
BETTS.     See  Betty. 

BETTY.      BETTYES.      See     Female 

Christian  Names  become  Surnames.     Bede 
mentions  a  priest  called  Betti,  A.D.  053. 


BIC 


27 


BIG 


BEUTYMAN.  BEAUTYMAN.  More 
likely  from  the  '  booty '  than  from  the  good 
looks  which  the  first  of  tlie  name  was  pos- 
sessed of.  The  Scotch  orthography  is 
Bootimau,  and  a  correspondent  suggests 
that  "  bootliio"-man,  or  cottager,  is  the 
meaning. 

BEVA^T.  Welsh.  Ab  Evan,  tlic  sou  of 
Evan. 

BEVER.    See  Beauvoir. 

BE^T^RIDGE.  Beferige,  i.  e.  "the  Bea- 
ver's edge,"  occurs  in  Cod.  Dipl.  Several 
other  local  names  in  Befer,  in  that  col- 
lection, show  that  the  beaver  was  an 
inhabitant  of  this  island  in  Saxon  times. 

BE"\T2RLEy.  Can  be  traced  as  residents 
at  Beverlev,  co.  York,  to  temp.  King  John, 
B.L.G. 

BEVIS.  Camden  treats  of  this  among 
Christian  names,  and  thinks  it  may  be 
corrupted  from  "  the  famous  Celtique  king, 
Bellovesus."  The  town  of  Beauvais,  in 
France,  is  however  a  more  likely  source  for 
the  surname.  The  Sir  Bevys  of  medieval 
romance  seems  to  have  no  place  in  veritable 
history,  though  Heylin  claims  him  as  a 
real  Earl  of  Southampton.  The  first  in- 
stance of  the  surname  that  I  can  call  to 
mind  is  in  Sir  John  Bevis,  or  Befs,  who 
took  Richard,  brother  of  King  Henry  III., 
prisoner  in  a  winchnill  at  the  battle  of 
Lewes,  in  V2CA.  See  Beauvoir.  A  Goisbert 
de  Belvaco  occurs  in  Domesday. 

BEW.  Ab  Hugh,  the  son  of  Hugh. 
Welsh. 

BEWICK.  Old  andlSTew  Bewlcke  are  in 
Nortliimib.,  where  the  family,  (well  known 
as  a  border  clan,  and  still  better  for  having 
produced  the  restorer  of  the  art  of  wood- 
engraving,)  flourished  immeraorially. 

BEA^XEY.     See  Bowley. 

BEYER.    Dutch  Beyers—"  of  Bavaria." 

BIBB.  BIBBEXS.  BIBBY.  Fancifully 
derived    from    0.  Norse    b'lf,    movement. 

Ferguson. 

BIBER.  Perhaps  the  same  as  "  bibber,'' 
one  too  much  addicted  to  potations.  The 
name  is  found  in  H.R.,  without  any  prefix. 

BIBLE.  Probably  an  Ii-ish  corruption  of 
some  other  name. 

BICK.  An  A-Sax.  personal  name,  Bicca. 
Cod.  Dipl.  994. 

BICKER.  BICKERS.  A  parish  in  co. 
Lincoln. 

BICIvERSTAFF.  Tlxe  O.  Eng.  hichr 
means  to  skirmish  or  contend,  and  a 
bicker-staff,  therefore,  probalily  signifies  a 
weapon  analogous  to  a  quarter-stafi",  or 
single  stick.  The  name  belongs  to  the 
same  class  as  Lougsword,  Broadsj^eai",  &c. 

BICKERSTETH.  A  name  of  uncertain 
origin ;  perhaps  the  same  as  Bickerstaff. 

BICKERTON.  Townships  iu  Chester 
and  Northumb. 


BICK  LEY.     A  township  in  Chester. 

BICKNELL.  Bickenhall,  co.  Somerset, 
or  Bickenhill,  co.  Warwick, 

BICKTON.  A  manor  in  St.  Eve,  co. 
Cornwall,  held  by  the  family  in  Norman 
times.     D.  Gilb.  Cornw.  i.  412. 

BIDDEL.  Perhaps  Biddulpli ;  perhaps 
beadle. 

BIDDER.  A-Sax.  biddere,  a  petitioner — 
"  petitor,  vel  petax."  Wright's  Vocab.  p.  (JO. 
equivalent  to  '  beadsman.'  Piers  Plowman 
views  tlie  biddcres  with  small  favour  ;  he 
calls  them  '  Koberdes  knaves,'  and  classes 
them  with  vagabonds  : — 

"  Biddcres  and  teggeres 
Fast  about  yede, 
■\Vith  hire  belies  and  liire  bagges 
Of  breed  ful  y-crammed." 

Vision,  I.  79. 

BIDDLE.  1.  A  modification  of  Bid- 
dulpli. 2.  A-Sax.  bi/del,  a  beadle,  mes- 
senger, herald,  or  proclaimer.  Biddle,  with- 
out a  prefijc,  is  found  in  the  H.R. 

BIDDULPH.  A  parish  in  co.  Stafford, 
veiy  anciently  possessed  by  the  family, 
who  descended  from  Fiicardus  Forestarius, 
a  great  Domesd.  tenant.  Erdeswick's  Staf- 
fordshire. 

BIFFEK     Qu.  Bevan  ? 

BIGG.  BIGGE.  BIGGS.  A  pra;-Doraesd. 
personal  name,  Biga.  The  officer  who 
provided  carriages  for  the  king  was  called 
a  Biga — 2)robalily  with  some  reference  to 
the  Lat.  biffa,  a  two-horse  chariot.  Ellis, 
Introd.  Domesd.  i.  91. 

BIGGAR.  A  parish  in  co.  Lanark.  Also 
Scot.,  a  builder. 

J5^ BIGGIN.  A  common  termination  of 
local  names,  especially  in  the  North.  It 
means  a  building  of  considerable  size — 
a  house,  as  opposed  to  a  cottage.  A- 
Sax.  hyggaii  to  bvxild. 

BIGLAND.  Bigland  Hall,  co.  Lancaster, 
where  the  family  are  said  to  have  been 
seated  from  the  time  of  the  Conquest. 

BIGNALL-NELL-NOLD.  A  township 
in  CO.  Staftbrd. 

BIGOD,  BIGOT.  »  Wien  Rollo  had 
Normandy  made  over  to  huu  by  Carolus 
Stultus,  with  his  daughter  Gisla,  he  would 
not  submit  to  kiss  Charles's  foot.  And 
when  his  friends  urged  him  bj^  all  means  to 
kiss  the  king's  foot,  in  gratitude  for  so 
great  a  faA'om*,  he  made  answer  in  the 
English  tongue,  Xe  se  by  God ;  that  is.  Not 
so  by  God.  Upon  which  the  king  and  his 
courtiers  deriding  him,  and  corruptly  re- 
peating his  answer,  called  him  Bigod;  ft-om 
whence  the  Normans  are  to  tliis  day  termed 
BiGODl."  Camd.  Britannia,  Ed.  1722, 
Vol  i.  p.  ccix.  It  was  said  of  that  people 
that  at  every  other  word  they  would  swear 
"  By  God,"  and  thus  Bigod,  (whence  our 
word  bigot,)  became  synonymous  with 
Norman.  The  equivalent  French  oath 
'  Par  Dieu,'  has  iu  like  manner  become  an 
English  surname.     See  Pardew. 

Why  one  particular  baronial  family  nf  Normandy 
sliouki  have  assumed  a  name  attributed  to  Normans 


BIN 


28 


BIS 


in  general  is  not  very  obvioug.  That  the  name  was 
nnderstoocl  to  lie  derived  fi-om  the  sovu'ce  hulicated 
ahovc,  even  long-  after  the  Conquest,  appears  from  a 
speech  made  by  Halph,  Earl  of  Chester,  an  opponent 
of  King  Stephen,  before  the  great  battle  of  11-il. 
"Next  comes,"  says  he,  "Hugh  Bij-God,  liis  name 
merely  sounLbng  his  perjury,  wlio  thought  it  not 
sufficient  to  breakhisoatii  witli  the  Empress  (Maud), 
but  that  lie  must  be  once  again  foresworn,  as  all  the 
world  doth  laiow  that  Henry  at  his  death  bequeathed 
the  cro-rni  to  Stephen,  to  the  prejudice  of  his  daugh- 
ter;— a  man,  in  a  M'ord,  who  accounts  treachery  a 
■\irtue,  and  perjiu'y  a  courtly  quality."  Speed's 
Chron  icle. 

BIKER.  A  village  near  Newcastle-uiion- 
TjTie. 

BIIjKE.  Ferguson  deduces  Bill,  Bilson, 
Bilke,  &c.,  from  Bil,  a  small  goddess  among 
the  Scandinavians,  but  I  much  question 
the  legitimacy  of  such  parentage. 

BILL.     A  nickname  of  William. 

BILLET.  Probably  a  corruption  of  the 
great  baronial  name  Belet. 

BILLIAKD.  Ferguson  ranks  this  name 
Avith  Bill,  Bilke,  &c. 

BILLING.  BILLINGE.  Parishes,  &c., 
in  cos.  Northampt.  and  Lancaster  (two  in 
each). 

BILLINGIIURST.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

BILLINGS.     A  pluralization  of  Billing  ? 

BILLINGSLEY.     A  parish  in  co.  Salop. 

BILLINGTON.  Chapelrles  in  cos.  Bed- 
ford and  Lancaster. 

BILLITER.  Apparently  a  bell-founder. 
The  Promptorium  has  hcllezeter  (Halliw.), 
Avhich  BIr.  Way  derives  from  the  A- Sax. 
zeotere,  fusor.  ^'^  Zctynge  of  metelle,  as 
bellys,  fusio."  The  old  name  of  Billiter 
Laue,  in  London,  was  originally  "  Belzet- 
tar's  Lane"  (Stowe),  doubtless  from  the  bell- 
founding  trade  there  carried  on. 

BILLMAiSr.  A  soldier  who  cai-ries  a 
war-bill  or  battle-axe.  Cotgrave  has 
"Bouscherou,  a  bill-man,  a  faggot-maker," 
from  the  wood-bill  used  in  that  employ- 
ment. 

BILLS.  BILLSON.  See  Bill  and  Bilke 
above. 

BILLY.  N'otfrom'\Yilliam,butfrom  aplace 
in  thearroudissementof  Caen,  inNormandj'. 
Also  a  comrade,  compaiuon.     Jamiesou. 

BILNEY.     Parishes  in  Norfolk, 

BILTON.  Places  in  cos.  York  and 
Wai-wick. 

BINDLOOSE.  This  contradictory- 
looking  name,  formerly  written  B3'mllos,  is 
probably  local. 

BINFIELD.     A  parish  in  Berks. 
BING.     See  Byng. 

BINGHAIM.  Seated  temp.  Henry  I.,  at 
Sutton-Bingham,  co.  Somerset,  and  after- 
wards and  now  at  Melcombe- Bingham. 
Said  to  be  of  Saxon  antirpiity. 

BINGLEY.     A  parish  in  Yorkshu-e. 

BINNEY.  Binnie,  In  the  parish  of  Up- 
hale,  Luilithgowshirc. 


BINNIE.     SeeBinney. 

BINNINGTON.     A  township  in  York- 
shii-e. 

BINNS.     A  2^Iace  in  Abercon,  co.  Lin- 
lithgow. 

BIRBECK.     A  district  of  Westmore- 
land, 

BIRCH.     Parishes  and  chapelries  in  cos. 
Essex,  Hereford,  and  Lancaster. 

BIRCHAM.     Three  parishes  in  Noi  folk. 

BIRCHENSTY.     An  estate  in  Sussex, 
contracted  to  Birsty, 

BIRD.    See  Birds. 


^^BIPiDS,  Names  of,  n-lncli.  liave  hccom.e 
Surnames.  The  names  of  animals  haA'O 
in  all  ages,  and  among  nearly  all  nations, 
been  applied  as  sobriquets  to  individuals, 
and  these  in  modern  times  have  ac- 
quired the  force  of  surnames,  and  thus 
been  handed  down  hereditarilj^  How 
common  such  names  are  in  our  family 
nomenclature,  has  often  been  made  the 
subject  of  remark.  See  anecdotes  in 
Eng.  Surn.,  i.,  178,  et  seq.  A  writer  in 
Ediub.  Rev.,  April,  1855,  says — "We 
once  knew  Hawkes,  a  Hare,  a  Peacock, 
and  a  Partridge,  all  quietlj'  dwelling  in 
tlie  same  staircase  at  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  where  a  Coote  was  at  the 
same  time  an  occasional  Aisitor;  and 
we  have  been  honoured  by  the  friend- 
ship of  a  distinguished  "W^ng,  whose 
mother  was  a  Crow,  whose  nieces  Avere 
SparroAvs,  Avhose  liousekeeper  was  a 
Partridge,  and  Avhose  cook  was  a  Eaven." 
For  a  list  of  surnames  from  Birds, 
see  Eng.  Surn.  id  sujjra.  But  as  usual 
Avhen  generalising,  Ave  are  apt  to  at- 
tril.nite  to  this  source  many  names 
Avhich  do  not  belong  to  it ;  for  example, 
Bunting,  Buzzard,  Barnacle,  Drake, 
Gosling,  Corbett,  Parrott,  Starling, 
A\'renn,  and  P3-e,  have  proven  etjnno- 
logies  Avhich  take  them  out  of  this 
categorj',  and  probably  many  others  haA'e 
no  reference  to  the  "  Avinged  nation." 

BIRDSEYE.  Local:  "the  island  of 
birds." 

BIRDWIIISTLE.  Birdoswald,  on  the 
Roman  Wall  in  Cumberland,  the  station 
Amboglanna,  is  so  pronounced  locally. 

BIRKBECK.    vSee  Birbeck. 

BIRKETT.  A  corruption  of  Birken- 
head, CO.  Chester. 

BIRLEY.  Tlie  cradle  of  this  family  is 
the  township  of  Balderston,  co.  Lancaster, 
where  the  lands  of  Birclogh  or  Byrlogh 
belonged  to  them,  in  or  before  temp.  Edw. 
XL     B.L.G. 

BIRNIE.     A  parish  in  Morayshire. 

BIRT.     See  Burt. 

BISII.     See  Byshe. 

BISHOP.     See  Ecclesiastical  Surnames. 

BISIIOPRICK.     The  co.  of  Durham  is 


BLA 


29 


frequently  called,  in  old  writinf^s,  ^wr 
excflllcncc,  the  Bishoprick,  and  hence  this 
surname. 

BTSLEY.  A  town  in  co.  Gloucester,  and 
a  parish  in  Surrey. 

BISS.  Perhaps  Bisli,  formerly  written 
Bysse.  Ferguson,  however,  says  that  Bis  is 
an  old  Teutonic  personal  name,  and  thinlvS 
Bissell  and  Bissett  may  be  its  diminutives  ; 
but  Bissell  is  found  prefixed  by  De,  showing 
its  local  origin,  and  Bisset  is  said  by  Cam- 
den to  mean  a  dove. 

BISSELL.     See  BIss. 

BISSETT.  See  Biss.  The  Bisets  were 
barons  by  tenure  in  1153. 

BITHELL.  Ab-Ituel,  the  son  of  Ithel, 
a  AVelsh  personal  name. 

BLAAtrW.  This  name,  a  somewhat 
recent  introduction  from  Holland,  signifies 
'  blue,'  probably  from  the  favourite  colour 
of  the  costume  of  the  primitive  bearer  of 
it.  It  occurs  in  various  forms  among  the 
magistrates  of  Amsterdam,  and  is  identical 
with  Bleav,  borne  by  the  eminent  printer, 
the  friend  of  Tycho  Brahe,  and  the  well- 
known  author  of  some  of  the  earliest  maps. 
This  is  perhaps  the  only  name  now  borne 
by  an  English  family  that  can  boast  of  five 
consecutive  vowels,  (Bl  ahi^  although  a 
thirteenth-century  orthography  of  Newman 
gives  six — Nif?/«rman. 

BLABER.  Probably  some  occupation. 
In  Scotland  it  means  a  kind  of  French 
clotli.  Jamieson.  Blaber  without  prefix 
is  found  in  H.E. 

BLACK.     Blac    and    Blache    are    pras- 

Domesday  names,  and  doubtless  refer  in 
general  to  the  dark  complexion  and  black 
hair  of  the  original  owners.  Mr.  Wright 
tells  us  that  Wulric  the  Black,  the  ally  of 
the  famous  Hereward  the  Saxon,  Avas  "  so 
named  because  on  one  occasion  he  had 
blackened  his  face  with  charcoal,  and  thus 
disguised,  had  penetrated  unobserved  among 
his'' enemies,  and  killed  ten  of  them  with 
his  spear  before  he  made  his  retreat.  Essays, 
ii.,  102. 

BLACKADDEB.  A  probable  corrup- 
tion of  Blackater,  a  river  in  the  south  of 
Scotland. 

BLACKAMOBE.  E.G.  16.  See  Black- 
more. 

BLACKBEARD.    See  Beard. 
BLACKBIRD.   Probably  "black-beard." 
BLACKBURN.     A  great  town  m  Lanca- 
shire. 

BLACKE.     See  Black. 
BLACKER.     SeeBlaker.- 

BLACKETT.  Dan.  hlakhcU  greyish. 
Ferguson.  But  the  B.'s  of  Northumb.  trace 
to  Richard  de  Black-heved,  or  Blackhead, 
forester  of  Stanhope,  1350  ;  and  the  name  is 
consequently  local. 

BLACKFORD.     Parishes  in  cos.  Perth 


BLA 

and  Somerset,  and  minor  localities  in  many 
others. 

BLACKIIALL.  Or  Blackwell.  A  town- 
ship in  Cumberland. 

BLACKHEAD.  Either  from  black  hair, 
or  local.     See  Blackett. 

BLACKIE.  Probably  a  diminutive  of 
Black— applied  to  a  man  of  dark  com- 
plexion. 

BLACKLEY.  A  chapelry  in  co.  Lan- 
caster. 

BLACKLOCK.  From  the  colour  of  the 
hair.     So  Whitelock,  Silverlock,  kc. 

BLACKMAN.  A  baptismal  name 
originally  derived  from  the  personal  quality 
of  a  darJi  comi3lexion.  It  is  common  in 
A-Sax.  charters,  and  several  persons  called 
Blacheman  and  Blachemannus  occur  in 
Domesd.  as  holders  antecedently  to  the 
making  of  that  survey.  One  of  these  is  in 
Kent,  where  there  is  a  parish  called  Black- 
maustone,  which  may  have  been  named 
after  him. 

BLACKMONSTER.  This  repulsive 
name  is  a  corruption  of  Blanchminster,  the 
AVhite  Monastery,  the  designation  of  more 
than  one  religious  house.  lilaiicmmter  is 
an  ancient  alias  for  the  town  of  Oswestry. 
The  name  was  commonly  latinized  Do  Albo 
Monastcrio. 

BLACKMORE.  A  parish  in  co.  Essex. 
Blachemer  is  a  prce-Domesd.  baptismal 
name. 

BLACKSHAW.  A  village  in  co.  Dum- 
fries. 

BLACKSTOXE.  A  ridge  of  hills  in 
Lancashire. 

BLACKSTOCK.  Places  in  Sussex  and 
other  counties. 

BLACKWELL.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Derby,  Durham,  A\'orcester,  and  Cumber- 
laud. 

BLACKWOOD.  Lord  D ufterin  descends 
from  a  Scottish  family.  Adam  B.  was  one 
of  the  privy-council  to  Mary,  Queen  of 
Scots.  I  find  no  locality  of  this  name  in 
North  Britain,  except  the  Blackwood  Hills, 
CO.  Dumfries. 

BLADE.  Ferguson  thinks  from  O.  Norse 
hlcydi,  implying  bash  fulness. 

BLADON.     A  parish  in  co.  Oxon. 

BLAGDEN.  Blagdon,  places  in  Somer- 
set, Northumb.,  &c. 

BLAGROVE.  Blagrave,  a  tything  in 
Berkshire. 

BLAIN.     See  Blane. 

BLAIR.  The  Blairs  "of  that  ilk"  In 
Ayrshire,  have  been  seated  in  that  co.  for 
more  than  GOO  years.  They  claim  the  chief- 
ship  of  all  the  Blairs  in  the  S.  and  W.  of 
Scotl..  though  that  honour  is  challenged  by 
the  B.'s  of  ij.althayock,  co.  Perth,  who  date 
back  to  the  beginning  of  the  XIII.  cent. 
B.L.G.      Blair,    in    Scottish    topography, 


BL  A 


30 


BLE 


signifies  a  moss  or  lieatli,  and  as  there  are 
many  localities  so  called,  there  may  be 
several  distinct  families.  Imp.  Gaz.  Scotl. 
Some  etymologists  malce  the  word  signify 
a  battle-field. 

The  existing  Blairs  of  Blair  spiiiifr  from  a  cadet 
of  Scott,  who  marriea  the  lieiress,  iiml  adoiitert  her 
siu'name,  hut  h;n-e  sioiic  of  the  blood  of  that  race. 

BLAKE.  ''Bleke,  wan  of  colour," 
Palsgr.  A- Sax.  Mccc,  Mac,  pallidus — a  person 
of  pale  complexion.  The  Blalces  of  Ireland 
descend  from  Richard  B.,  who  accompanied 
Prince  John  to  tliat  country  in  1185,  and 
settled  in  co.  Galway. 

BLAKELEY.  Another  form  of  Black- 
ley. 

BLAKENEY.  A  parish  of  Norfolk,  in 
which  CO.  the  family  had  great  possessions. 
The  B.'s  of  Ireland,  settled  there  temp. 
Eliz.,  were  a  younger  line. 

BLAKER.  BLACKER.  Cotgrave  de- 
fines a  blaclur  as  noirehsseur.  The  hitter 
word  he  Englishes  by  "  blacker,  blackener, 
lleacke?;"  &c.,  tlius  confounding  two  op- 
posite ideas,  and  literally  "making  white 
black."  The  truth  is,  that  the  A-Sax. 
hlao,  iinaccented,  means  black,  while  Mac 
signifies  pale  or  white,  and  the  deriva- 
tive verb,  hh'ician,  to  bleach,  or  make  pale. 
The  Promptorium  malies  '  bleykester'  and 
'  whytster'  synonjanous,  and  explains  them 
by  cand'uJarius,  a  whitener  or  bleacher  of 
linen,  which  is  doubtless  the  meaning  of 
this  surname.  Blncre,  apparently  used  as 
a  baptismal  name,  is  found  in  Domesd. 
The  131ackers  of  co.  Armagh,  derive  them- 
selves traditionally  from  I'lacar,  a  North- 
man chief  who  settled  at  Dublin  early  in 
the  X.  cent.     Burke's  Commoners,  ii.  -18. 

BLAKESLE Y.     A  parish  in  Northampt. 

BLANCH.  Yv.hlunc.  White— of  light 
complexion.     Blanche.     H.R. 

BLANCHARD.  BLANSIIARD.  Cot- 
grave  says,  "an  order  of  Friers,  who  goe 
ordinarily  in  white  sheets."  It  had  most 
likely  a  wider  application,  to  any  person 
who  aifected  white  raiment.  See  Jamie- 
son. 

BLANCHETT.  Perliaps  a  diminutive 
of  Blanch,  white. 

BL.iNcilFLOWER.  Blanch  fleur,  Fr. 
white  flower.  I  have  seen  this  name  in 
Sussex  documents  of  XVII.  cent.  Blan- 
cheflor  occurs  in  an  old  Fr.  romance  as  the 
name  of  a  lady.  See  Wright's  Essays,  i.  88. 
It  is  not  imworthj'  of  remark  in  connection  with 
this  name,  which  looks  like  an  awkward  mixture  of 
French  and  English,  that,  at  the  period  at  whicli  it 
originated,  the  French  woxAfleur  was  gi\T.ng'  birth  to 
two  English  words  between  whicli  there  noio  seems  to 
be  little  relation,  except  similarity  of  sound;  viz. 
'  flower'  and  '  flour.'  The  truth  is  t\vi.%  flour,  (which 
more  immediately  resembles  the  parent  word,)  simply 
means  by  metaphor  flos  faiinae,  fleur  de  farine,  the 
finest  part  of  ground  corn,  as  we  say  '  the  flower  of  the 
family — of  the  nobility,'  &c.  Indeed  there  is  a  phrase 
in  -o'liicli  even  now  the  -svords  are  con\'ertible,  namely 
'  flour  of  sulphur'  and  '  flowers  of  sulphur.' 

BLANCHiMAINS.  ^  Fr.  Uanclies  mains 
"  white  hands."  From  this  peculiarity 
Robert  de  Beaumont,  3rd  earl  of  Leicester, 


received  his  sobriquet ;  it  also  became  the 
hereditarj'  surname  of  a  family.  Tlie  cog- 
nate name  Blanchfront,  or  rather  Blaunk- 
front  likewise  occurs. 

BLANKFRONT.  An  A-Norm.  sur- 
name, hlanc-front,  "white  forcliead." 

BLANCPAIN.  BLAUNCIIPAYN.  Li- 
terally translated  in  "WHiitebread,  which 
see.  There  -was  a  species  of  bread  so  called 
in  the  XIII.  cent,  Hugh  de  Elsfield, 
circ.  1220,  gave  one  virgate  of  land  in  Els- 
field, CO.  Oxon,  to  the  i^rioress  of  Studley, 
and  further  directed  one  hundred  white 
loaves  of  the  sort  called  in  Oxford  hlaniyeyn 
to  be  given  to  the  nuns  for  ever  on  the 
feast  of  the  assumption.  "  Dedi  et  con- 
cessi  prffidictis  monialibus  centum  panes 
albos,  de  panibus  illis  qui  vocantur  Manpeyn 
apud  Oxon."   Dunkin's  Oxfordshire,  i.  13.5. 

BLAND.  The  adjective  Hand,  mild, 
gentle,  is,  I  think,  of  insufficient  antiquity 
to  be  the  etymon.  It  is  probably  one  of 
the  many  forms  of  Blundus,  Blondus, 
Blond,  &c.,  meaning  fair  or  light-haired. 
TJie  Blands  of  Kippax,  at  a  very  early 
period,  resided  at  and  gave  name  to  Bland's 
Gill,  CO.  York. 

BLANDFORD.     A  town  in  co.  Dorset. 

BLANEY.  From  one  of  the  two  places 
called  Blagni,  near  Bayeux,   in  Xormaudj'. 

BLANK.    BLANKS.    See  Blanch. 

BLANKETT.     See   Blanchett. 

BLATCIILEY.  A  parish  in  Bucks. 
(Bletchley.) 

BLATHERWYCK.  A  parish  in  co.  Nor- 
thampton. 

BLATinVAYT.  Said  to  be  the  same  as 
Braithwaite.     See  Tliwaite. 

BLAUNCFRONT.  Fr.  Uancfront; 
having  a  wliite  forehead.  It  is  sometimes 
written  Blaunchfront. 

BLAYNEY.       Of     Welsli     extraction, 

claiming  descent  from  Cadwallader,  king 
of  Britain.  The  first  Lord  B.  created  by 
James  I.,  and  settled  in  Monaghan,  was 
Edward,  son  of  Thomas-ap-Evau-Lloyd- 
Blayney. 

BLAZE.  An  ancient  personal  name, 
borne  by  St.  Blase  or  Blaise,  the  patron  of 
the  wool-combers  of  England.  See  Brady's 
Clavis  Caleud.  i.  201. 

BLEADEN.     Bleadon,  co.  Somerset. 

K^BLEN.  A  syllable  occurring  in  several 
Cumbrian  local  surnames,  as  Bleucowe, 
Blennerhasset,  Blenkinsopp,  &c.  It 
seems  identical  with  the  hJaJi  in  Blan- 
tyre,  Dumblane,  &c.,  and  probably  like 
the  Cambru-Brit.  hlaen  signifies  a 
point  or  top. 

BLENCO'WE.  There  are  two  townslilps 
of  this  name  in  Cumberland ;  one  in  the 
parish  of  Dacre,  the  other  in  that  of  Grey- 
stoke.  The  family  name  is  derived  fj-om 
the  latter,  ^vhere  temp.  Edw.  III.  resided 
Adam    de    Blencowe,    standard-bearjr   to 


BLO 


31 


BLU 


William,  'the  Good  Baron  of  Greysfoke',  at 
the  battle  of  roictiers.  Hutchinson's  Cum- 
berland. Other  forms  of  the  name  are 
Bliuko,  Blhikowe,  &c. 

BLENKARNE.  An  estate  in  Cumber- 
land. 

BLENKINSOPP.  A  township  in  the 
parish  of  Haltwhistle,  co.  Northunib.  The 
castle  there  was  the  seat  of  the  family,  a 
race  well  remembered  for  their  border 
feuds  in  olden  times,  and  designated  by 
Camden  as  "a  right  ancient  and  generous 
family." 

BLENNERHASSET.  A  township  in 
the  parish  of  Torpenhow,  co.  Cumljerland. 
By  a  mistake  of  N  for  U,  this  name  is  often 
found  mis-spelt  Bleuerhasset  and  Blever- 
hasset.  Members  of  this  ancient  race  re- 
presented Carlisle  during  almost  every 
reign  from  Richard  II.  to  James  I. 

BLESSED.  Probably  a  translation  of 
the  Latin  name  Benedictus,  and  thus  sy- 
nonymous with  Bennett. 

BLETHYN.  An  ancient  "Welsh  personal 
name.  Meredith  ap  Blethyn  was  prince 
of  North  Wales  in  the  XI.  cent. 

BLEW.     Probably  the  same  as  Bellew. 

BLEWITT.     See  Bluet. 

BLIGH.     Perhaps  the  same  as  Blythe. 

BLISS.  A  John  Bliss  occurs  in  the  II.R. 
without  any  preiix  of  De  or  Le.  The  name 
seems  to  be  connected  with  the  A-Sax. 
verb  Missian,  lastificare,  to  make  glad  or 
joyous.  The  singular  name  Alicia  Blisse- 
wenche  in  the  H.R.  appears  to  be  nearly 
synonymous  with  that  of  Maud  Makejoy, 
whose  dancing  afforded  Edward,  prince  of 
Wales,  so  much  pleasure  in  1297.  See  Eug. 
Surn.  ii.  15. 

BLOCKLEY.  A  parish  in  co.  Wor- 
cester. 

BLODLETER.  (Bloodletter,  a  plilebo- 
tomist.)  Gold  le  Blodleter  occurs  in  the 
records  of  Yarmouth  in  the  XIV.  cent., 
and  one  Blodletere  still  earlier  in  the  H.E. 

BLOFIELD.  A  parish  in  Norfolk,  in 
which  CO.  the  family  were  seated  at  an 
early  date. 

BLOIS.  From  the  city  of  Blois  in 
France.  The  family  were  settled  in  Suf- 
folk, temp.  Rich.  I.  or  John.  Courthope's 
Debrett. 

BLOMFIELD.     See  Bloomfield. 

BLONDEVILLE.  BlonviUc,  a  place 
near  Pont  TEveque,  in  Normandy. 

BLONG.  Fr.  Le  Blanc,  white.  A  Hu- 
guenot family  in  Ireland. 

BLOOD.  O.  Norse  hlaudr,  bashful, 
timid.    Ferguson. 

BLOO:\£ER.  A  'bloom'  is  a  mass  of 
iron  that  has  gone  a  second  time  through 
the  fire— A-Sax.  hlovui;  and  a 'bloomary' 
was  a  refining  house:  hence  probal)ly  a 
Blcrpmer  was  a  person  employed  in  the  ma- 
nufacture of  iron. 


BLOOIMFIELD.  A  village  in  co.  Wor- 
cester, and  jirobably  other  localities.  Nor- 
follc  has  long  been  the  greatest  hahltat  of 
the  name. 

BLORE.  A  parish  in  Staffordshire, 
comprising  the  district  called  Blorchcath, 
memorable  for  the  great  battle  between  the 
Yorkists  and  Lancastrians  in  1459. 

BLOSSEVILLE.  A  village  near  Rouen, 
now  called  Pxm-Secours,  a  great  resort  for 
devotees  to  the  Virgin  Mary. 

BLOUNT.  French  hlond,  fair-haired, 
light-complexioned.  Tlie  great  baronial 
house  of  Blount,  lords  Moimtjoy,  deduced 
themselves  from  William,  son  of  Blound, 
earl  of  Guisnes,  one  of  the  companions  of 
the  Conqueror,  who  was  traditionally  de- 
rived from  the  Bimdi  of  Italy  and  the 
Flavii  of  classical  Rome  !  It  is  probable 
that  there  are  several  families  so  designated 
from  the  personal  peculiarity  of  the  original 
assumers,  without  any  consanguinity.  It 
has  taken  various  forms ;  as  for  example  in 
the  H.R.  le  Blond,  le  Blont,  Blunt,  le 
Blunte,  le  Blonnd,  &c.  It  may  be  regarded 
as  the  Anglo-Norman  synonym  of  our 
indigenous  White ;  and  some  of  the  Irish 
Blunts  have  in  recent  times  translated  it 
into  AMiite.  The  Norwegian  royal  surname, 
Harfa(jer,  means  '  fair-haired,'  and  in  the 
H.R.  we  have  a  Flaxenuehed. 

BLOAV.  A  contraction  of  Bellew,  Bel- 
low, which  see.  The  parish  in  Norfolk 
popularly  called  Blo'-Norton  is  really  Nor- 
ton-Belleau. 
BLOWER.  Probably  the  same  as  Blore, 
q.  V.  There  is  however  a  Le  Blower  in 
H.R.  denoting  some  occupation. 
BLOXAM.  BLOXSOME.  Bloxham,  a 
parish  in  Oxfordshire ;  Bloxholme,  a  parish 
in  CO.  Lincoln. 

BLUE  occTirs  in  Scotland,  but  I  have  not 
met  with  it  in  England.  It  is  probably  de- 
rived from  the  favourite  colour  of  the 
costume  of  the  original  bearer. 

In  a  church  in  Berkshii-e  the  foUowing  epitaph  is 
s,aid  to  exist : — 

"  Underneath  this  ancient  pew, 
Lieth  the  body  of  Jonatlian  Blue. 
N.B.  His  name  ivas  Blaclc,  but  tliat  -n-ouldn't  dol" 

BLUETT.  The  family  of  Bluet  is  said 
by  Camden  to  have  come  from  Brittany. 
The  name  is  spelt  in  the  Battel  Roll  Bluet, 
and  Bluat,  and  elsewhere  Bloet. 

BLUIMPAY.  An  American  corruption 
of  Blancpied,  or  'Wniitefoot.     Eng.  Surn. 

BLUNDELL.  Blondel  well-known  in 
France,  in  both  ancient  and  modern  times, 
and  rendered  romantic  by  the  fidelity  of 
Blondel  de  Nesle,  the  minstrel  of  Cceur  de 
Lion,  is  a  personal  name— a  diminutive  of 
Blond,  fair-haired  or  light-complexioned. 
As  an  Eng.  surname  it  dates  beyond  the 
XIV.  cent. 

BLUNDEN.     See  Den. 
BLUNDER.    BLUNDRED.    Probably 
an    ancient     personal     name.       rergusou 
makes  the  former  signify  drowsy,  stupid, 
from  0.  Norse  blunda,  to  sleep. 


BOA 

BLUNDErvFIELD.  A  corruption  of 
Blondeville.  This  avv-kward  and  impro- 
niising  name  was  borne  some  years  ago  by 
a  farming  bailiff  at  Bayfield  Hall,  co. 
Norfolk. 

BLUNSUM.  Bhmtisliam,  a  parish  in  co. 
Hunts,  so  pronounced. 

BLUNT.  See  Blount.  Robert  and  Wil- 
liam Blundus  were  tenants  in  chief  under 
the  Conqueror.  Domesd. 

BLYTH.  BLYTIIE.  1.  Towns  in  York- 
shire and  Northumberland,  and  rivers  in 
several  counties.  2.  The  adjective  hl'ithe, 
merry,  gay  ;  whence  Blythmau. 

BLYTIIMAM.     See  Blytli. 

BLYTON.     A  parish  in  co.  Lincoln. 

BOAG.    See  Bogue. 

BOAKS.     See  under  ISToakes. 

BOAR.  Though  not  a  common  surname 
itself,  this  is  one  which  forms  the  centre  of 
a  considerable  group  of  family  names,  of 
■which  the  principal  are  Wildbore,  Hogg, 
Wetherhogg,  Clevehogg,  Pigg,  Purcell, 
Giyce  and  Grisell.  Porcus  occurs  temp.  King 
John.  Hoggett  and  Hoggins,  as  well  as 
Piggins,  may  be  diminutives.  Hogsflesh  is 
clearly  connected,  but  Ganunon  and  Bacon 
beloug  to  other  classes.  These  names  cor- 
respond with  the  Aper,  Suillus,  Scrofa, 
Porcius,  and  Yerres  of  the  Romans. 

A\nien  in  A-Sax.  times  \yild  lioai-s  ranged  the  pri- 
meval forests  of  our  island,  many  localities  were 
designated  from  them,  and  in  Domesday  Book  a  very 
considerable  portion  of  the  property  on  most  manors 
consisted  of  woods  which  supported  an  estimated 
number  of  hogs,  and  the  s'^nnehcrd's  duty  was  even 
more  important  than  that  of  the  shejilierd.  The 
principal  prefixes  of  local  surnames  from  this  source 
are — 

1.  Ever,  as  in  Everton,  Everley,  Evers,  Ebors. 
A-Sax.  eofer,  a  -nild  boar. 

2.  Bar,  as  in  Barwood,  Barham,  Barlow,  though 
in  some  instances  the  Boar  mnj  have  a  better  claim, 
for  bar  is  the  A-Sax.  for  iirsus,  as  bdi\  for  ajier.  In 
the  rude  Zoology  of  our  ancestors  such  a  slight  dis- 
tinction as  a  simple  accent  gave  would  be  sufficient 
for  discrinihiation  between  t^vo  savage  denizens  of  the 
woods.  (Sec  Bear). 

3.  SwiN,  as  in  Swindale,  S:\inton,  Swinbmnic. 
A-Sax.  ncin. 

i.  Sow,  as  in  Sowdon,  Sovrerhy,  Sowton. 

5.  Pig,  as  in  Pigdon,  Pighills. 

G.  Hog,  as  in  Hogben,  Ilogwood,  though  the 
Teutonic  hog  (high)  may  assert  in  these  instances  an 
equal  claim. 

BOARDER.    A  cottager.     See  Borde. 

BOARDMAN.     A  cottager.    See  Borde. 

BOASE.     Perhaps  the  same  as  BoAves. 

BOAST.     Berhajjs  a  corruption  of  some 
local  name  like  Bowhurst. 

Some  thirty  years  ago,  a  worthy  possessor  of  this 
name,  while  dressing  one  winter  morning,  ivrotc  it 
with  his  fingernail  upon  a  frosted  pane  of  his  win- 
dow—"  iJons/"— and  then  added— "  not  thyself  of  to- 
morrow, for  thou  kno^\•c-st  not  what  a  day  may  bi-ing 
forth."  True  and  proplietic  words — forin  one  .^hort 
hour  (lla^^ng  been  crushed  by  the  fall  of  a  biulding) 
he  was  brought  into  that  chamber — dead ! 

BOAT.    See  Bott. 
BOATBUILDER.    The  occupation. 
BOATMAN.     The  occupation. 
BOATWRIGHT.    See  Wri-ht. 


32 


BOD 


BOBBIN.  A  surname  of  Robert.  A^ido 
old  nursery  song  of  "  Robin  and  Bobbin." 

BOBBY.     A  nickname  of  Robert. 

BOBKIN.  A  double  diminutive  of  Ro- 
bert. 

BOCIIER.     An  archaic  form  of  Butcher. 

BOCTIYM.  A  manor  in  Cury,  co.  Corn- 
wall, held  by  the  family,  temp.  Hcnrj'  VIII. 

BOOKING.  A  parish  in  Essex.  De 
Bokiug  is  found  in  H.Pi.  in  association 
with  CO.  Gloucester. 

BOCKETT.  The  ancient  surname  va- 
riously Avritten  Bokct,  Bocket,  Buckwit, 
Bucket,  &c.,  is  probably  of  Norman  origin, 
as  it  occurs  in  the  form  of  Buket  in  Scri- 
ven"s  list  in  Fuller's  Church  History,  in 
that  of  Buquet  of  Caumont,  in  Milleville's 
Armorial  de  France,  1845,  and  in  that  of 
De  Boc(]uet  in  the  Nobiliare  Normaud., 
166(i.  Froissart  also  mentions  a  Biicquet, 
a  fellow-general  with  the  renowned  Sir 
John  Hawkwood,  temp.  Edw.  Ill,  at  the 
battle  of  Brignais.  But  it  may  possibly  be 
of  English  origin,  as  there  was  a  con- 
siderable family  of  Bokeyt  of  Bokeyt, 
in  the  parish  of  Little  Hempston,  co. 
Devon.  '^Vestcote's  Devon.  Inf.  Miss  Julia  R. 
Bockett. 

BOCOCK.     See  Bawcock. 

BODDINGTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Glou- 
cest.  and  Northampton. 

BODDY.     See  Body. 

BODEN.  BOADEN,  Bodin  or  Bo- 
ding, a  prffi-Domesd.  name. 

BODFISH.  BOTFISH.  R.G.  16.  Pos- 
sibly Fr.  hcau-Jils,  son-in-law. 

BODILY.  BODILLY.  A  Cornwall  name, 
and  probably  local  there. 

BODGER.  Probably  the  same  as  Badger. 

BODICOTE.  Bodicote  Grange,  near 
Banbury,  co.  Oxon.,  which  had  owners  so 
called  in  the  XIII.  cent. 

BODINEL.  An  estate  in  Bodmin,  co. 
Cornwall,  anciently  possessed  by  the  family. 

BODKIN.  A  younger  son  of  the  Fitz- 
geralds  of  Desmond  a'nd  Kildare  settled  in 
Connaughtin  the  XIII.  cent.,  and  obtained, 
as  was  not  then  uncoimnou,  a  sobriquet 
which  usurped  the  place  of  a  surname,  and 
so  Avas  ham.led  down.  This  was  Bawdekin, 
proliably  from  his  having  affected  to  dress 
in  the  costly  material  of  silk  and  tissue  of 
gold,  so  popular  in  that  age  under  the 
name  of  haudldn.  (See  Halliw.)  The  Bod- 
king  still  use  the  "Crom-a-boo"  motto  of 
the  Pitzgeralds.  The  Bokckin  of  the  II.R, 
is  probably  from  a  different  source. 

BODLE.  This  name  occurs  in  the  Nonas 
return  of  1341  at  Herstmonceus,  co. 
Sussex,  under  the  form  of  lo  Bothel,  and  a 
place  in  that  pai'ish  named  after  tlic  family 
is  still  called  Bodle-street.  There  is  a 
manor  of  Bodyll  in  Northumberland.  The 
old  Scottish  coin  called  a  '  bodle'  is  said  to 


BOL  33 


have  received  its  designation  from  the  ce- 
lebrated Bothwell.  Again  A-Sax.  hotl,  and 
Angle  bodl,  signify  a  dwelling. 

BODRIGAN.  An  estate  in  Corran,  co. 
Cornwall,  where  the  fiimily  resided  temp. 
Edw.  I.     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall,  and  H.ll. 

BODY.  Boda,  (latinized  Bodus,)  occurs 
in  Domesd.  as  a  previous  tenant,  and  there- 
fore probably  a  Saxon.  Now  hoda  is  A- 
Sax.,  and  hodi  O.-Norse,  for  a  messenger, 
and,  in  a  subordinate  sense,  a  preacher. 
It  follows,  therefore,  that  Truebody  is 
equivalent  to  'faithful  messenger,'  Light- 
body  to  'active  messenger,'  and  Freebody 
to  'ambassador  of  peace.'  (A-Sax.  frith, 
peace.)  Again  Handsomebody  (the  original 
meaning  of  handsome  being  handy,  active) 
is  a  'useful  messenger,'  while  Goodbody, 
originally  written  Godebodi,  may  be  no 
other  than  God's  messenger — a  preacher  of 
the  Gospel.  The  Gr.  ayytkoQ  is  used  in  the 
double  sense  of  messenger  and  preacher  in 
Mark,  i.  2.  See  Ferguson  for  further  con- 
jectures. 

BOEYY.     The  fomily  is  of  Dutch  origin. 

BOFFEY.     Probably  same  as  Boughey, 
a  local  name. 

BOGIE.     A  river  of  Aberdeenshire. 

BOGE.  BOGUE.  Boge  occurs  on  Sax. 
coins,  as  the  name  of  a  moneyer. 

BOHUiSr.  Humphrey  de  Bohuu  came 
hither  with  the  Conqueror,  and  was  a 
tenant  in  capite  in  Norfolk  and  elsewhere. 
Domesd.  From  him  sprang  a  great  ba- 
j-onial  race.  The  Norman  liahltat  of  the 
family  appears  to  have  been  the  village  of 
Bohon  in  the  arroudissement  of  St.  Lo. 

BOILEAU.  On  a  tablet  in  Ketteringham 
church,  Norfolk,  to  the  memory  of  John 
Peter  Boileau,  Esq.,  it  is  stated  that  "  he 
was  the  son  of  Simeon  B.,  Esq.,  merchant, 
of  Dublin,  whose  father,  Charles  Boileau, 
baron  of  Castleuau  and  Sainte  Croix,  in 
the  province  of  Languedoc,  in  France,  fled 
to  England  in  1691,  on  the  persecution  of 
the  Protestant  religion."  The  family  des- 
cend in  an  unbroken  line  from  Etienue 
Boileau,  first  grand  provost  of  Paris  in 
1250 ;  and  they  were  early  professors  and 
zealous  defenders  of  the  reformed  faith. 
Another  branch  of  the  family  fled  from 
France  into  Italy  to  avoid  persecution,  and 
subsequently  -sn-ote  themselves  Bevelaqua. 
The  Duke  of  Bevelaqua  bears  the  same 
arms  as  the  English  baronet,  and  both 
names  are  of  course  equivalent  to  our 
indigenous  Drinkwater. 

BOlXiS.     A  corruption  of  Boyle  ? 

BOLD.     A-Sax.,   a  house    or  dwelling. 

It  may  |sometimes    refer  to  a  courageous 

disposition. 
BOLDEN.     From  Bolden,  an  estate  in 

Ellel,  CO.  Lancaster.     B.L.G. 

BOLDER O.  The  family  pedigree  is 
clearly  traced  back  to  the  XV.  cent.,  in 
CO.  Suffolk.  Similar  armorials  are  assigned 
to   the  name   of   Boldrowe    in    the  same 

F 


BON 

county,  and  also  to  that  of  Boldrou.  Both 
these  latter  forms  are  purely  local,  and 
Boldron  is  a  township  in  the  parish  of 
Bowes,  in  Yorkshire.  The  motto  of  this 
family  is  a  happy  pun — "  Audax  cro  .'" 

BOLE.    BOLES.     See  Bowles. 

BOLEBECK.  Hugh  de  Bolebeck,  so 
surnamed  from  his  flef  near  Havre,  came 
in  with  tlie  Conqueror,  and  was  a  tenant  in 
capite  in  co.  Bucks,  where  his  descendants 
remained  for  several  generations. 

BOLEYKE.  The  genealogy  of  the  un- 
fortunate Queen  goes  no  further  back  than 
1451,  when  Sir  Geoffrey  B.  was  lord-mayor 
of  London.  The  surname  is  doubtless  de- 
rived from  the  Fr.  town  Boulogne. 

BOLITHO.  A  Cornish  name,  probably 
local  in  that  county. 

BOLLARD.     See  Bullard. 

BOLLEN".     See  Bolcyne. 

BOLNEY.  A  manor  and  parish  in 
Sussex,  possessed  by  the  family  in  XIV. 
cent. 

BOLT.     A-Sax.     See  Bold. 

BOLTER.  A  maker  of  bolts  or  blunt- 
headed  arrows,  much  in  use  among  me- 
die^•al  fowlers.  Eandle  Holme,  however, 
defines  a  bolt  as  an  arrow  with  a  round 
knob,  with  a  sharp  point  proceeding 
from  it. 

BOLTON.  Towns,  parishes,  and  places 
in  cos.  Lancaster,  Cumberl.,  Northumb., 
York,  Westmorel.,  Haddington,  &c.  The 
first-mentioned  gave  name  to  an  important 
family. 

B OMGAR  SON.  According  toGent.  Mag., 
Oct.  1S20,  this  is  the  Germ,  haum-gai-tm, 
tree-garden,  orchard.  The  Fr.  hon-gargoii 
is  a  far  likelier  etymon.  Ferguson  thinks 
it  a  patronymic  of  "  A-Sax.  hongar,  a  fatal 
spear,"  Init  there  is  no  proof  of  such  a 
name  having  existed. 

BOMPAS.     See  Bumpus. 

BONAFONS.  Fr.  hon  enfant,  "good 
child."  A  Huguenot  family  in  Ireland. 

BONAR.  A  village  of  Sutherlandshire, 
and  a  feudal  barony  of  which  the  family 
were  possessed  temp.  William  the  Lion, 
ante  1200. 

BONAVUE.  Fr.  hon  neveii,  "  good  ne- 
phew." French  Protestant  refugees  in 
Ireland. 

BOND.  A-Sax.  ionda,  a  householder, 
proprietor,  husbandman.  Latinized  Pa- 
terfamilias, according  to  JIag.  Brit.  i.  61, 
"and  rightly  enough  as  it  should  seem, 
because  much  in  the  same  sense  in  com- 
position we  use  husband  or  husband."  Le 
Bond.  H.E.  There  are  several  persons 
called  Bonde  in  Domesd.,  one  of  whom 
is  somewhat  contradictorily  called  "  liber 
homo." 

BONE.  A  probable  corruption  of  Bo- 
hun.     See  Bowne. 

BONES.     A  corruption  of  Bone. 


BOO 


34 


BOE 


BONFELLOW.  Perhaps  a  partial 
trauslatiou  of  cither  Gooclfellow  or  Bon- 
comjDaguon. 

BONHAM.  Although  no  place  so  called 
appears  in  tlie  topograpliical  dictionaries, 
this  -would  ajDpear  to  be,  lilvc  Bonbj',  Bon- 
church,  &c.,  the  name  of  some  locality. 
There  was,  howcA'er,  a  religious  order  called 
honhomvies,  or  friars  minors,  from  whom 
the  name  may  have  originated.  Bonliomme 
occurs  in  tlie  H.E.  as  a  stationary  sur- 
name. 

BONIFACE.  A  well-known  personal 
name,  borne  by  several  popes,  &c. 

BONIFAN'T.    See  Bonyfant. 

BONITPION.  An  estate  in  the  parish  of 
Cur)^,  CO.  Cornwall,  where  the  family  flou- 
rished till  temp.  Queen  Anne. 

BOISTNER.  O.  Fr.  hosier  and  Fr.  honaire. 
Gracious,  kind.  BislioiJ  Bonner  was  an 
excellent  illustration  of  Horace  Smitli's 
dictum,  that  surnames  "  ever  go  by  con- 
traries." 

BON'NELL.  The  fixmily  came  from 
Ypres.  TIios.  B.  settled  at  Norwicli  on  the 
Duke  of  Alva's  persecution.  His  great- 
grandson  was  accomptant-geueral  of  Ire- 
land. 

BONNET.  Fr.  a  Cap.  Probably  allu- 
sive to  some  fashion  adopted  by  the  first 
bearer. 

BONNICK.  Bon(w)ick,  a  township  in 
Yorkshire. 

BONNY.  BONNEY.  "  Bonny  ;  good  in 
any  respect;  liaving  good  features,  good 
complexion,  good  form,  good  and  manly 
disj^ositions."  Eichardson.  Fr.  ban,  good. 
Au  enviable  surname.  In  the  S.  of  Eng- 
land the  name  Boniface  is  thus  con- 
tracted. 

BONNYCASTLE.  I  do  not  discover 
tliis  '  fair  fortress'  in  any  book  of  topogra- 
pliical  reference. 

BONNIMAN.     See  Bonny. 

BONSALL.     A  parish  in  co.  Derby. 

BONTYNE.     See  Bunting. 

BONVILLE.  In  Ilolinshed's  list  Bon- 
devile.  An  ancient  Norman  family,  enno- 
bled as  barons  in  1449.  The  Itin.  de  la 
Norm,  shows  three  places  so  called — two 
near  Rouen,  and  the  other  near  Yvetot. 

BONl^FxVNT,  Fr.  hon  enfant,  literally 
translated  in  our  Goodcliild. 

BOODLE.    SeeBootle. 

BOOG.     SeeBoge. 

BOOGLE.  Probably  hugle,  O.E.,  a  bul- 
lock. See  Bugler. 

BOOKER.  1.  See  Bowker.  2.  Boccre, 
(c  hard,)  A-Sax.  A  writer,  doctor,  inter- 
preter. 

BOOKLESS.  "Not  so  called  from  the 
scantiness  of  liis  library,  but  ratlier  from 
the  good  use  lie  made  of  what  he  had — Old 


Norse  holders,  book-learned,  or,  perhaps 
ratlier,  able  to  read — a  much  more  notable 
fact  in  his  daj'  than  that  of  being  witliout 
books."  Ferguson. 

BOONE.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
BoJiun,  as  Moon  is  of  Mohun.  Boon  is, 
however,  an  adjective  referring  to  natural 
disposition ;  gay,  merrj^.  It  is  now  only 
retained  in  the  phrase  "  boon  companion." 
Fr.  hon  compagnon. 

BOORD.     See  Borde. 

BOORE.  A  farmer,  a  rustic.  So  the 
Lat.  Rusticus,  Germ.  Bauer,  &c. 

BOORMAN.     See  Borrer. 

BOOSEY.  A  place  covered  with  bushes 
or  wood.  See  Jamieson. 

BOOT.   BOOTE.     Perhaps    a    trader's 

sign. 

BOOTIIMAN,     See  Beutyman. 

BOOTH.  "  An  house  made  of  botccs." 
Tyndall.  A  temporary  building  or  slied, 
in  Low  Iiat.  hotha.  The  form  in  tlie 
H.R.  is  De  la  Boothe.  But  the  great 
family  of  B.  of  Lancashire  and  Cheshire 
take  their  designation  from  their  lordship 
of  Booths  in  the  former  county,  where  they 
resided  in  the  XIII.  cent. 

BOOTHBY''.  Two  parishes  in  co.  Lin- 
coln ;  but  the  baronet  springs  from  co. 
Stafford. 

BOOTLE.     Places    In  cos.  Cumberland 

and  Lancaster. 
BOOTY.     A  prre-Domesday  name,  Boti. 

A  Gilbert  de  Budi  was  a  tenant  in  chief  in 

CO.  Warwick. 

BORDE.  BOORD.  BOARD.   O.  Fr. 

horde,  "  a  little  house,  lodgiug,  or  cottage  of 
timber,  standing  alone  in  the  fields  .  .  .  and 
in  some  parts  of  France  any  messuage, 
farme,  or  farme  house."  Cotgr.  In 
Domesd.  the  occupants  of  cottages  are 
called  hovdarii,  and  amount  to  82,119  in 
number.  See  Ellis,  Introd.  Domesd.  The 
Fr.  form  of  the  surname  is  De  la  Borde. 

BOREHAM.      Places  In  cos.  Essex  and 

Sussex. 

BOREMAN.     See  Borrer. 

BORLASE  A  descendant  of  Talllefer, 
the  celebrated  follower  of  William  the 
Conqueror,  is  said  to  have  settled  at  Bor- 
lase  in  the  parish  of  St.  Wenn,  co.  Cornwall, 
from  which  manor  he  assumed  the  surname, 
since  variously  Avritten  Burlas,  Burlace, 
Borlas  and  Borlase.    C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornw. 

BORLEl^     A  parish  in  Essex. 

BORN.     The  same  as  Bourn. 

BOROUGH.  BOROUGHS.  See  Burgh. 

BORRADAILE.  Borrowdale,  a  chapelry 
in  Cumberland. 

BORRELL.     See  Burrell. 

BORRER.  Tliis  name  appears  In  Sussex 
from  the    XV.  cent,  under  the   forms  of 


BOS 


35 


EOT 


Bourer,  Boorer,  Borer  and  Borrer,  the  extra 
'  R'  being  a  somewhat  recent  addition. 
These,  together  with  the  Atte-Bore,  Atte- 
Bowre,  de  la  Bore,  Boremau,  and  other 
modifications,  are  probably  derivable  from 
the  A-Sax.  bur,  a  bower,  inner  room,  or 
bed-chamber.  Every  baronial  residence 
had  its  '  Ladye's  Bower,'  and  the  original 
Atte  Bore,  or  De  la  Bore,  (subsequently 
modified  to  Borer,)  was  probably  the  cham- 
berlain of  a  great  feudal  household.  This 
supposition  is  strongly  su])ported  by  the 
A-Sax.  name  for  chamberlain,  which  is 
'  Inn'-thcgn''  bower-thane — one  who  was 
admitted  to  the  private  apartments  and 
councils  of  the  lord. 

BORROW.     See  under  Burgh. 

BORROAVES.  See  the  art.  Burgb,  De 
Burgh,  &c. 

In  addition  to  what  is  said  under  Burgh  and 
Burke,  I  may  liere  remark  tliat  tlie  first  departure 
from  the  form  De  Burgh  appears  temp.  Edw.  I.,wlien 
the  name  was  sometimes  written  Atte  Burgh,  Atte 
Bm-egh,  &c.  Tliis  orthography  became  very  common 
temp.  Edw.  III.  The  Lords  Burgh  of  Gainshorough, 
descendants  of  Hubert  de  Burgh,  Earl  of  Kent,  were 
written  A'Burgh,  Aborough,  and  Barow,  and  the 
Irish  Lord  Deputy  in  1599,  Lord  Burrouglies.  Tlie 
late  Sir  Wm.  Betham,  Lester  long  of  arms,  deduced 
the  pedigree  of  the  Irish  baronet  family  of  Borrowcs 
from  the  great  Hubert,  through  the  Atte  Borouglis 
or  De  Burghs  of  Hants,  and  the  Barrowes  and  Abo- 
roughs  of  Calais.  Henry  Borrowes,  the  first  settler  in 
Ireland,  was  the  son  of  Erasmus  Aborough.  Inf.  Sir 
Erasmus  D.  Borrowes,  Bart. 

BORSTALL.  A  winding  road  up  a 
steep  hill — common  to  many  places  on  the 
South  Downs  in  Sussex.  See  Suss.  xVrch. 
Coll.  ii.  292.  A-Sax.  hcorh  stlgele,  "the hill 
or  mountain  path."  Also  a  parish  in  co. 
Bucks. 

BORTHWICK,  Lands  near  Borthwick 
Water  in  co.  Selkirk  appear  to  hare  given 
this  surname.  B.L.G.  There  is  also  a 
parish  in  Edinburghshire  so  designated. 

BORWICK.     A  chapelrj  in  Lancashii-e. 

Ei^°BOS.  A  Cornish  word  said  to  mean  a 
house  or  dwelling.  It  is  found  in  Bos- 
cawen,  as  well  as  in  Bosmetherick, 
Bospiduick,  Bosistow,  Bosaverne,  Bos- 
sowsack,  and  other  names  of  Cornish 
origin. 

BOSANQUET.  Pierre  Bosanquet  of 
Lunel  in  Languedoc,  at  the  period  of  the 
Rev.  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  had  seven 
children,  two  of  whom,  John  and  David, 
sought  refuge  in  England,  and  from  the 
latter  the  various  English  branches  are 
descended.  The  name  is  local,  and  it  was 
formerly  prefixed  with  '  De.' 

BOSBURY.     A  parish  in  co.  Hereford. 

BOSCAWEN.  The  earl  of  Fahnouth's 
family  were  possessors  of  the  estate  of 
Boscawen-Ros,  in  Burian,  co.  Cornwall, 
temp.  Kiug  .John.  IJals  asserts  that  an 
Irish  gentleman  settled  there  temp.  Edw. 
IV.,  and  assumed  the  name.  D.  Gilbert's 
Cornwall. 


BOSIIER. 

chier. 


Perliaps  the  same  as  Bour- 


BOSLEY.     A  parish  in  Cheshire. 

BOSS     Probably  local.  De  Boss.     li.R. 

CO.  Norfolk. 

BOSTOCK.     A  township  in  co.  Chester. 

BOSTON.  A  town  in  co.  Lincoln,  and  a 
hamlet  in  co.  York. 

BOSVILLE.  In  the  H.R.  De  Bosevil. 
Bosville  is  a  village  of  1400  inhabitants, 
near  Yvetot  in  Normandy.  The  family 
were  in  England  in  1126,  and  ijrobably 
from  the  period  of  the  Conquest. 

BOSWELL.       Originally    De     Bosevil, 

(H.E.)  —  of  Norman    extraction.        They 

migrated  from  England  to  Scotland  in  the 

reign  of  David  I. 

Tlie  change  from  A'ille  to  Well  as  a  termination  is 
also  seen  in  the  alteration  of  Rosse^^lle  to  Roswell,  La 
■N^lle  to  Larwell  or  Larwill,  Frcche^ille  to  Fretwell,  &c. 

BOSWORTH.  Parishes  in  co.  Leicester, 
one  of  which  is  historical  for  its  famous 
battle. 

BOTFIELD.  According  to  JMat.  Paris, 
Geoffrey  and  Oliver  de  Bouteville,  bro- 
thers, came  from  Poitou  to  assist  King 
John,  and  from  the  former  of  these  the 
heralds  deduce  John  de  I'lime,  otherwise 
John  of  th'Ynne  of  Botefield,  near  Church- 
Stretton.  From  '  the  Inn,'  the  seat  of  the 
Botefeldes  at  that  place,  was  formed  the 
surname  of  Thynne,  (Marquis  of  Bath.) 
Others  of  the  same  stock  retained  Boteville 
or  Botfield,  and  it  is  a  moot  point  whether 
the  name  was  imported  from  France  or 
derived  from  the  locality  in  Shropshire,  to 
which  a  Saxon  etpuology  would  readily 
apply.  The  principal  variations  are  Bote- 
ville, Botvile,  Bottefeld,  and  Botfield.  The 
last  form  is  found  as  far  back  as  1549.  Inf. 
Beriah  Botfield,  Esq.,  M.A.,  F.S.A.,  &c. 

BOTHAM.     See  Bottom. 

BOTILER.  In  ordinary  life  a  wine- 
merchant  or  butler.  The  king's  botiler,  or 
'  Pincerua  regis,'  was  an  officer  of  consi- 
derable importance,  answering  to  the  col- 
lectors of  customs  in  modern  ports.  In 
virtue  of  his  office  he  was  empowered  to 
seize  for  the  king's  use,  from  every  ship 
laden  with  wine,  one  cask  from  the  prow 
and  one  from  the  poop,  paying  for  each 
twenty  shillings.  Jacob's  Law  Diet.  Le 
Boteler,  le  BotUler,  H.R. 

BOTLEY.  Places  in  cos.  Hants,  Here- 
ford, &c. 

BOTONER.  Le  Botoncr,  H.R.  The 
button-maker. 

BOTREUX.  BOTTREAUX.  William 
de  B.  held  great  possessions  in  Cornwall 
temp.  Henry  T.,  the  chief  of  which  was 
Botreux's-castle,  by  contraction  Boscastle. 
The  family  were  Norman,  and  doubtless 
came  from  Les  Bottereaux,  near  Evreux. 

BOTT.     Local— in  the  H.R.    De  Botte, 

CO.  Norfolk.  Perhaps,  sometimes  the  Germ. 
bote,  a  messenger.  Ferguson  thinks 
Botton,  Botten,  Botting,  &c.,  modifications 
of  the  same  word. 


BOU 


36 


BOW 


v 


BOTTEN.  BOTTING.  Local.  A 
Peter  de  Botine  occurs  in  the  H.K.,  co. 
Dorset,  temj).  Edw.  I. 

BOTTERILL.  Probably  the  same  as 
Bottreaiix.  In  Ayrshire,  however,  a  thick- 
set, dwarfish  person  is  so  designated. 
Jamieson. 

BOTTLE.  A-Sax.  botl,  a  dwelling,  man- 
sion, or  hall.  Hence  Harbottle,  Newbottle, 
and  other  names. 

^i°BOTTOM.  A  termination  of  many 
local  surnames,  as  Oakeubottom,  Otheu- 
bottom,  Owlerbottom,  Longbottom, 
Sidebottom,  Shoebottom,  Eamsbottom, 
Shnfflcbottom,  &c.  It  has  been  ex- 
plained by  the  0-Eng.  hothiia  or  hvthna, 
an  enclosure  for  cattle ;  but  in  the  S.  of 
England  it  means  simply  a  valley  or 
depressed  ground. 

BOTTON.    Local.  De  Botton,  H.R, 

BOT^aLLE.  See  luider  Botfield.  There 
is  a  place  near  Valogues  in  Normandy, 
called  Boutteville. 

BOUCHER.  See  Butcher,  and  Bonrchier. 

BOUCHERETT.  Matthew  Boncheret, 
a  descendant  of  tlie  ancient  French  family 
of  De  Boucherat,  settled  at  Willingham,  co. 
Lincoln,  and  was  naturalized  in  IGii. 
B.L.G. 

BOUGHTOK  Parishes,  &c.,  In  cos. 
Kent,  Norf.,  Northampt.,  Notts,  Chester,  &c. 
The  baronet's  family,  then  called  De  Bove- 
ton,  were  of  co.  Warwick  in  XIV.  cent, 

BOUIL.  Camden  mentions  this  among; 
Noi'man  surnames  introduced  here  in  the 
XI.  cent.  It  is  of  course  identical  with 
Bovill,  and  probably  also  with  Boyle. 

BOULTER.  One  who  sifts  meal— an 
occupation  formerly  distinct  from  that  of 
the  miller.     See  Richardson  and  Halliwell. 

BOULTOX.     See  Bolton. 

BOUXD.  See  Bowne.  Also  O.E.  loun, 
Prepared,  rcad,y.  See  interesting  remarks 
in  Richardson's  Diet. 

BOUQUET.  Probably  from  Bouquetot, 
near  Pont-Audemer  in  Normandj'.  It  is 
now  scarcely  known  except  by  its  cor- 
ruption Buckett. 

BOURCHIER.  A  Norman  name  ofnn- 
certain  origin.  Holinshed's  list  gives  a 
Bourcher,  but  the  family  do  not  apjiear  to 
have  been  ennobled  until  1292,  in  the  per- 
son of  Sir  William  B.,  tliird  son  of  William 
B.,  earl  of  Eu,  in  Normandy.  The  name 
is  •^vi'ltten  so  variously  as  to  render  its  et)^- 
mology  ver}'  doubtful.  Burser  is  one  of  its 
numerous  forms.  Tiie  latinizatlon  De 
Burgo  Charo,  "  of  the  dear  borough,"  affords 
us  no  clue.  It  is  sometimes  confounded 
■with  Boucher,  0.  Fr.  for  butcher. 

BOURDILLON.  Descendants  of  the 
Rev.  Jacob  Bourdillon,  minister  of  a  refugee 
congregation  in  London,  who  left  France 
in  cousei|uence  of  the  Rev.  of  the  Edict  of 
Nantes  in  1685. 

BOURKE.     The  same  as  Burke. 


BOURN.  BOURNE.  Parishes  and  places 
in  COS.  Canrbr.,  Durham,  Lincoln,  Hants, 
Sussex,  &c.  Many  trivial  localities  are  so 
called,  and  Atte  Burne  is  a  common  medie- 
A^al  surname.  vVs  a  topographical  terra  it 
means  sometimes  a  bound  or  limit,  (Fr. 
home,')  and  sometimes  a  running  stream, 
(A- Sax.  hi/rna.)     See  Eng.  Surn.  i.  64. 

BOURNER.  The  modern  form  of  At- 
Bourne.  See  prefix  atte. 

BOURTON.  Parishes,  &c.  in  cos.  Berks, 
Bucks,  Dorset,  Warwick,  Oxon,  Gloucest., 
&c. 

BOUTCIIER.     See  Bourchier. 

BOUTELL.  BOWTELL.  Perhaps  from 
Bouteilles,  a  village  near  Dieppe  in  Nor- 
mandy. 

BOUTE^aUEIN.  A  great  family  of 
Norman  origin.  The  name  has  imdergoue 
the  following  degi-adations  :  Butvelin,  But- 
william,  Butlin  ! 

BOUVERIE.  Fr.  an  ox-stall.  Lawrence 
des  Bouveries,  a  native  of  Sainghien,  near 
Lisle  in  l^'landers,  fled  to  England  on 
account  of  his  religion,  and  settled  at  Can- 
terbury in  1.5G8.  From  him  descends  the 
Earl  of  Radnor.  Courthope's  Debrett. 

BOYEY.     Two  parishes  in  co.  Devon. 

BOYINGDON.  A  chapelry  in  co.  Herts. 

BOVILLE.  Bonville  (Bovis  villa)  a 
parish  in  tlie  arroudissement  of  Rouen. 
De  Boville,  De  Boyvile,  &c.  H.  R. 

BOW,     Parishes  in  Devon  and  Essex. 

BOWCHER,  See  Bourchier  and  Butcher. 

BOWDEN.  BOAVDON.  The  B.'s.  were 
of  Bowdon  Hall,  co.  Derby,  in  the  XV. 
cent.  Yet  they  have  a  tradition  tliat  they 
are  of  Norman  descent,  and  that  the 
name  was  originally  Bodin.  In  1572  two 
protestant  Walloons,  Nich.  and  John  Bow- 
den,  settled  at  R3-e.     Lansd.  MS.  15.  70. 

BOWDITCH.  BOWDIDGE.  An  estate 
in  Dorsetshire,  possessed  by  the  family  at 
an  early  period. 

BOWDLER.  Probably  the  name  of 
some  ancient  emplo3'ment,  as  Le  Boudler 
occurs  in  H.  R.  "  To  huddle"  signifies  to 
cleanse  ore.  North. 

BOWELL.  Probably  the  same  as  Bo- 
ville and  Bojde,  which  see.  DeBowell.  H.R. 

BOWEN.  Welsh,  Ab-Owen,  Owen's 
son.  Pembrokeshire  is  the  greatest  liabiiat 
of  this  name. 

•  BOWER.  A  Scotticism  for  Bowyer. 
Also  a  room  in  a  feudal  mansion.  See 
under  Borrer. 

BOWERMAN.     A    Chamberlain.      See 

mider  Borrer. 
BOWERS.     See  Bower. 
BOWES.     A  parish  In  Yorkshire, 

BOAVKER.  The  A- Sax.  hue  is  a  water- 
vessel,  and  '  to  bouke '  in  P.  P]o^\^nan 
means   to    wash.     We    still    call  a  great 


BOY 


37 


BE  A 


washing  of  linen  a  '  bucking.'  Hencs  the 
original  Bowker  must  have  been  a  \vasher- 
man.  See  Lavender. 

BOWLAND.    A  township  in  Lancashire. 

BOWLER.  In  Fifeshire,  '  to  bowl'  is  to 
boil.  One  who  cooks.  Or  perhaps  a  maker 
of  bowls. 

BOWLES.  Domesd.  presents  us  with 
two  tenants  in  chief  called  Bollo  and  Bollo, 
the  former  in  Hants,  and  the  latter  in 
Dorset.  Bouelles  is  the  name  of  a  place 
near  Neufchatel  in  Normand\^  Ferguson 
derives  it,  and  several  similar  names,  from 
the  0.  Norse  baidi,  a  bull,  but  it  is  probably 
local,  as  De  Bolle  is  found  in  H.ll. 

BOWLEY.     Probably  a    corruption   of 

the  Fr.  heau-Ucu,  a  "  beautiful  situation." 
Several  places  in  England  and  Normaudj^ 
were  so  called. 

J30WLLN^G.     A  township  in  Yorkshire. 

BOWMAKER.  A  common  employment 
in  the  days  when  archery  was  in  vogue. 

BOWlNIAISr.  An  archer.  A  common 
name  on  the  English  l^order  under  the 
Percys,  and  derived  from  their  weapon — 
the  long  bow. 

"  Come  Spearman  ;  come  Bo'nTnan ; 
Come  bold-hearted  Ti'ue'wicke : 
Repel  the  proud  foe-man, 
Join  lion-like  Be'vv'ick'" 

Richardson'' s  Gaiho'ing  Ode. 

See,  however,  Bulman. 

BOWjMER.     The  same  as  Bulwer. 

BOWNE.  In  a  document  of  the  XA^. 
cent,  the  name  of  Bohun  is  thus  spelt. 
Sussex  Arch.  Coll,  iii.,  187.  It  also  means 
ready,  prepared.  Jamieson. 

BOWNESS.     A  parish  in  Cumberland. 

BOWSHER.  BOAA'SER.  The  same  as 
Bowcher. 

BOWYER.  A  maker  of  bows  for  ar- 
chery. A  Bowyer's  Company  still  exists  in 
London. 

BOX.  A  place  in  co.  Wilts,  remarkable 
in  modern  times  for  its  long  railway 
tunnel. 

BOXALL,  BOXELL.  This  name  is 
clearly  traced  to  Boxhulle,  an  ancient 
manor  in  Salehurst,  co.  Sussex,  among 
whose  lords  was  Alan  de  B.,  one  of  the 
earliest  Knights  of  the  Garter.  Li  this 
same  county  the  name  has  been  queerly 
varied  to  Boxall,  Boxsell,  Buckshell,  Bax- 
hall.  Sec. 

BOXER.    A  pugilist. 

BOY.    See  Boys. 

BOYALL.     A  corruption  of  Boyle  ? 

BOYCE.  The  name  of  the  Scottish  his- 
torian Boethius,  spelt  Boece  and  Boyce, 
ma}'  be  derived  from  the  Fr.   hois — wood. 

BOYCOTT.  An  estate  in  co.  Salop,  still 
possessed  by  the  family. 

BOYD.  Gael,  boidh.  Fair  or  yellow- 
haired.     A  nephew  of  Walter,  first  liigli- 


steward  of  Scotland,  circ.  11(30,  was  known 
by  this  appellation,  and  was  ancestor  of 
the  lords  Boyd,  earls  of  Arran,  and  lords 
Kilmarnoch — a  iiimily  conspicuous  in 
Scottish  history,  and  now  represented  by 
the  earl  of  Errol. 

BOYER.  See  Bowyer.  But  this  is  also 
Fr.  A  family  so  called  settled  in  Ireland 
after  the  liev.  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 

BOYES.     See  Boys. 

BOYKETT.     A  corruption  of  Boycott. 

BOYLE.  Sir  Richard  B.,  father  of  Sir 
Robert  B.,  one  of  the  barons  of  Scotland 
'(\ho  swore  fealty  to  Edw.  I.  in  129G,  was 
of  Kelburne  in  N.B.  It  is  probable  that  he 
was  of  Norman  descent,  and  that  the  sur- 
name is  a  modification  of  Boville,  as  it  was 
written  Boyvill  or  Boyvile  in  the  XIII.  and 
XIV.  cent.   See  Boville. 

BOYMAN.  Perhaps  a  person  who  looked 
to  the  luoj/s  near  some  port  or  dangerous 
sea  passage. 

BOYXE.  An  ancient  thanedom  of  Scot- 
land, which  included  Banff.     Gaz.  Scotl. 

BOYXTOX.     A  parish  in  the  E.  R.  of 

CO.  York,  where  the  baronet's  family  re- 
sided temp.  Hen.  III. 

BOYS.  Fr.  lots,  a  wood.  The  latinized 
form  De  Bosco,  '  of  the  M'ood,'  is  retained  in 
the  Fr.  Dubois,  Dubosq,  &c.,  while  Attwood 
is  the  precise  Eug.  equivalent. 

BOYSE.     See  Boys. 

BOYSOX.  Perhaps  boatswain,  vulgo 
buson ;  or  more  probably  a  Fr.  local  name 
compounded  with  bnis,  a  wood. 

BOYTOX.  Parishes  in  Devon,  Wilts, 
and  Suftblk. 

BR  ABAX.  From  the  duchy  of  Brabant. 
The  name  occurs  in  tlie  present  orthography 
in  the  H.R.  ;  otherwise  we  might  with 
equal  probability  derive  it  from  the  parish 
of  Braborne,  co.  Kent. 

BRABAXT.     See  Braban. 

BRABAZOX.  The  English  and  LIsh 
Brabazons  claim  from  Jacques  le  Brabazon, 
who  is  said  to  have  come  into  England  with 
the  Conqueror  and  to  have  borne  the 
honourable  distinction  of  "  The  Great 
"Warrior."  His  posterity  settled,  during  the 
early  Norman  reigns,  at  Betchworth,  co. 
Surrey,  and  from  them  descended  in  an 
unbroken  line  the  B.'s,  earls  of  'Heath,  and 
baronets  in  Ireland.  The  name,  variously 
written  Barljauzou,  Barbanzon,  Brabazon, 
(Sec,  is  traditionally  derived  from  the  town 
or  castle  of  Braljazon,  in  Normandy,  but  as 
no  such  localit)"  can  be  found,  its  true  source 
appears  to  be  Brabant  in  Flanders,  as  stated 
in  Lodge's  Peerage  of  L-eland.  In  that 
duchy  the  village  and  castle  of  Braban9on 
had  lords  of  the  sanie  name,  one  of  whom 
espoused  a  grand-niece  of  Godfrey  of 
Bouillon,  King  of  Jerusalem,  circ.  1100. 
See  Geneal.  Hist,  of  Fam.  of  Brabazon. 
Paris,  1S25. 
A   Braban9on  was  a  native  of   Brabant. 


BRA 


38 


BPvA 


The  mercenary  soldiers  employed  bj^William 
Rufus,  Stephen,  Henry  II.,  and  John,  were 
so  called  from  their  having  principally  come 
from  that  district.  See  Grose,  Military  Antiq. 
Edit.  178(!,i.  56.  Like  the  Genoese  and  Swiss 
of  later  times,  they  were  soldiers  by  trade, 
and  lent  their  services  to  any  monarch  who 
■would  pay  them  best. 

BRACE.     A  parish  in  co.  Salop. 

BRACEBRIDGE.  A  parish  near  Lin- 
coln, possessed  by  the  family  in  XIII.  and 
XIV.  cent. 

BRACEY.  Perhaps  from  Breci,  or  from 
Brecei  in  Normandj'. 

BRACKENBURY.  Apparently  from 
Brackenborough,  co.  Lincoln,  in  which 
shire  the  family  are  still  seated.  They 
claim  to  be  of  Norman  descent.  See  B.L.G. 

Cf^BRAD.  A- Sax.  Irdd,  broad  or  large. 
A  component  syllable  of  numerous 
local  surnames,  as  Bradfield,  Bradley, 
Braddon,  Braddock,  &c. 

BRADBEE.  Bradby,  a  chapelry  in  co. 
Derby. 

BRADBROOK.  Local  — 'the  broad 
brook.' 

BRADBURY.     A  township  in  Durham. 

BRADDON.  Braddeu,  co.  Nortbampt. 
in  which  co.  the  family  were  originally 
seated. 

BRADEIf.  Bradon,  a  parish  in  co.  So- 
merset. 

BRADFIELD.  Parishes,  S:c.,  in  cos. 
Berks,  Essex.  Norfolk,  York,  and  Suffolk. 

BRADFORD.  A  great  town  of  York- 
shire, and  places  in  cos.  Devon,  Lancaster, 
Nortlinmb.,  Stafford,  Somerset,  &c. 

BRADFUTE.  The  Scottish  form  of 
Broadfoot. 

BRA  DING.  A  parish  in  the  Isle  of 
Wight. 

BRADLEY.  Parishes,  Src,  in  cos.  Berks, 
Chester,  Derby,  Leicester,  Lincoln,  Hants, 
Stafford,  &c. 

BRADNEY.  A  place  in  co.  Somerset, 
belonging  to  Sir  Simon  de  Bredeuie  in 
1346.  Bardney  or  Braduey,  co.  Lincoln, 
may  also  have  a  claim.  Tbere  is  a  tra- 
dition of  Norman  descent. 

BRADSHAW.  A  chapelry,  co.  Lancaster, 
"  where  the  BradshaAvs  have  llourislied 
from  the  time  of  the  Saxons,  the  present 
owner  thereof  being  Thon)as  Bradshaw 
Isherwood,  Esq."  B.L.G.  Bradshaw,  near 
the  Peak  of  Derbyshire,  gave  name  to 
another  ancient  family.     Lysons. 

BRAGG.  BRAGGER.  Skelton  uses 
irag  in  the  sense  of  proud,  insolent;  it  also 
signifies  brisk,  full  of  spirits.  Halliw.  Tlie 
Scandinavian  Apollo  was  so  called. 

BRAHAM.  Among  the  Jews,  a  modified 
form  of  Abraham. 

BRAID.     The  northern  form  of  Broad. 


BRAIDWOOD.  A  village  in  Lanark- 
shire. 

BRAILSFORD.  A  parish  in  co.  Derby, 
possessed  by  the  family  from  Nicholas  de 
B.  temp.  Henry  II.,  till  temp.  Richard  II. 
Lj'sons. 

BRAINE.     See  Brayne. 

BRAITHWAITE.  A  township  in  Cum- 
berland. De  Bratwayt  occurs  in  H.R.  in 
CO.  York. 

BRAKE.  A  word  of  various  significa- 
tions, as  a  large  barrow,  an  enclosure  for 
cattle,  &c. ;  but  the  name  is  probably  de- 
rived from  a  hmlw  according  to  Keunetfs 
definition — "a  small  plat  or  parcel  of 
bushes  growing  by  themselves."  The  Avord 
is  familiar  to  Shakspereans  :  "  Through  bog, 
through  bush,  through  hralte,  through 
briar."  See  Halliwell  in  voc. 

BRAMLEY.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Hants, 
Surrej',  and  York. 

BRAMPTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Cumber!.,  Derby,  Hunts,  Lincoln,  Norfolk, 
Suffolk,  Northampt.,  York,  &c. 

BRA]\ISTON.  The  B's  of  Skreens  trace 
lineally  to  temp.  Rich.  II.,  but  I  cannot 
find  the  locality  from  whence  the  name 
Avas  assumed. 

BRANCH.  A  hundred  in  co.  Wilts. 
Branche,  Braunche,  H.  R. 

BRANCHFLOWER.   See  Blanchflower. 

BRAND.  O.  Norse  hranclr,  a  sword, 
whence  the  0.  Eng.  brand,  with  the  same 
meaning.  As  a  personal  name  it  occurs  in 
the  genealogy  of  the  Northumbrian  kings 
from  Woden.  It  was  a  very  common  old 
Scandinavian  name,  and  it  is  still  used  in 
Iceland.  Ferguson.  Brand  is  found  in 
Domesd.  as  a  previous  tenant.  Mr.  Den- 
ham  observes,  that  it  is  rather  singular  that 
the  ordinarj'  synonj^m  for  a  sword  should 
be  brand.  The  name  of  the  weapon  taken 
from  King  Bucar  by  the  Cid  was  Tkona, 
or  the  fire-brand.  And  he  adds  that 
"many  swords  were  flamboyant;  hence 
the  word  brand."  Slogans  of  N.  of  Eng. 
p.  xvii. 

BRANDARD.     The  same  as  Brander. 

BRANDER.  1.  Perhaps  synonymous 
with  SM'order.  See  Brand.  2.  An  officer 
belonging  to  a  manor.  His  duties  are  not 
exactly  known ;  it  has  been  conjectured 
that  he  was  the  petty  executioner  wlio 
branded  criminals,  and  had  charge  of  the 
pillozy  and  cuckingstool.  See  Archasologia 
XXXIII.  277. 

BRANDON.  Places  in  cos.  Northumb. 
Suffolk,  Norfolk,  and  Warwick. 

BRANDRAiM.  From  the  Scand.  Irand, 
a  sword,  and  ram,  strong — '  strongsword. ' 
Ferguson. 

BRANDY.  A  Scandinavian  name,  Bravdi, 
"  one  having  a  brand  or  sword."  Ferguson. 

BRANDRETH.  Probably  the  same  as 
Brandard.     See  Brand. 


BRA 

BRANTILL.  There  is  armorial  evidence 
of  the  identity  of  this  family  with  that  of 
Bamfield.     B.L.G. 

BRANKSTON.  Branxton,  a  parish  in 
Northumb. 

BRANSCOMBE.    A  parish  in  Devon. 
BRANSFORD.     A  hamlet  in  co,  Wor- 
cester. 

BRANSTON.     A  parish  in  co.  Lincoln. 

BR  ANTON.  A  township  in  Northum- 
berland. 

BRAOSE.  Tlie  castle  of  Braose,  now 
Brieuse,  is  two  leagues  from  Falaise  in 
Normandy.  It  was  built  by  Robert  de 
Braose,  who  had  two  sons:  1.  Alan,  who 
with  his  posterity  remained  in  Normandy, 
and  2.  Robert,  who  came  to  England  with 
the  Conqueror,  but  died  soon  after.  He 
left,  however,  two  sons  :  1.  William,  who 
founded  the  baronial  house  of  Braose  of 
Bramber,  Gower,  &c.,  and  2.  Adam,  ances- 
tor of  the  Bntces  of  Skelton,  Annandale, 
&c.,  and  of  King  Robert  Bruce.  Dr.  John- 
ston's Hist,  of  Fam.  of  Bruce.  See  Bruce. 

BRASS.  Perhaps  a  synonym  of  Strong. 
The  A-Sax.  bmesen  signifies  botli  made  of 
brass,  and  strong,  powerful.     Ferguson. 

BRASSINGTOX.     A   chapclry    in    co. 

Derby. 
BRASTED.     A  parish  in  Kent. 
BRATHWAYTE.     See  Braithwaite. 
BRATT.     O.  Norse   hmttr,   impetuous  ; 

the  name  of  a  Northman  in  the  Laudna- 

mabolf.  Ferguson. 

BRAUND.     See  Brand. 

BRAY.  This  name  occurs  in  all  the 
copies  of  the  so-called  Roll  of  Battel  Abbey, 
and  that  a  great  family  so  designated 
migrated  from  Normandy  at  the  period  of 
the  Conquest  seems  pretty  certain.  Three 
places  in  that  province  are  still  called 
Brai ;  two  in  the  arrondissement  of  Falaise,. 
and  one  in  that  of  Bernai.  But  we  have 
also  at  least  two  places  called  Bray  in 
England ;  one  a  parish  in  Berkshire,  well 
knovra  for  its  time-serving  ecclesiastic,  who 
amidst  all  the  fluctuations  of  creeds  in  the 
XVI.  century,  made  it  his  ruling  principle 
"  to  live  and  die  vicar  of  Bray ;"  the  other, 
an  estate  in  the  parish  of  St.  Just,  near 
Penzance,  co.  Cornwall.  This  latter,  ac- 
cording to  Hals,  "  gave  name  and  origin  to 
an  old  family  of  gentlemen  surnamed  De 
Bray,  who  held  in  this  place  two  parts  of  a 
knight's  fee  of  land  3.  Hen.  IV.  I  take  the 
Lord  Bray  of  Hampshire  to  be  descended 
from  this  family."  D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall, 
ii.  282.  As  a  proof  of  the  wide  diffusion  of 
the  name,  it  may  be  mentioned  that  the 
dictionaries  of  Heraldrj'  assign  more  than 
twenty  different  coats  of  arms  to  it. 

BBAYBROOK.  A  parish  inXorthampt. 
Robert  de  Braibroc.  was  a  baron  by  tenure 
temp.  King  John. 

BRAYNE.  BRAIN.  BRAINE.  Mad, 
furious,  from  A- Sax.  bn/uian,  to  burn. 
Jamieson. 


39  BRE 


BRAZIER.  The  occupation.  Some- 
times varied  to  Brasier,  Brashier,  and 
Brasher.     Le  Brazur,  H.R. 

BREADCUTT.  INfost  likely  a  corruption 
of  Bradcote;  so  Notcutt  from  Northcote, 
De  Bredecote,  H.R. 

BREADS.  BREEDS.  Brid,  an  A-Sax. 
name. 

BREAD Y.     Parishes  in  co.  Dorset. 

BREAKSPEARE.  According  to  Cam- 
den, Nicholas  Breakspeare,  the  monk  of 
St.  Albans,  afterwards  Adrian  the  Fourth, 
(the  only  English  Pope.)  derived  his  name 
from  a  place  in  Middlesex,  bearing  that 
designation.  I  cannot,  however,  find  any 
locality  in  that  county  which  is  so  called. 
Most  of  his  biographei-s  fix  his  birth-place 
either  in  Hertfordshire  or  in  Buckingham- 
shire. It  is  a  curious  circmnstance  that 
about  half  a  century  ago  there  resided  at 
Brill  on  the  Hill,  in  the  latter  county,  one 
of  the  reputed  birth-places  of  the  pope,  a 
man  in  humble  life  who  bore  his  identical 
Christian  and  surnames  of  Nicholas  Break- 
speare. N.  and  Q.  ]May  3,  185G.  The  sur- 
name clearly  belongs  to  the  same  category 
as  Shakspeare,  Broadspear,  Langstaffe,  &c. 

BREAM.  BREEM.  1.  A  chapelry  in 
CO.  Gloucester.  2.  0.  Eng.  Jjrim,  renowned, 
famous,  from  A-Sas.  bremnn,  to  celel'rate. 
3.  A  baptismal  name.  Breme,  a  freeman 
of  Edw.  the  Confessor,  was  slain  at  Has- 
tings.    Domesd. 

BREDE.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

BREDEL.  A  French  refugee  family 
who  settled  in  London  after  the  Rev.  of  the 
Edict  of  Nantes  in  1685. 

BRED  ON.     A  parish  in  co.  Worcester. 

BREE.  A  northern  word  sionifyino-  a 
brow  or  declivity,  apparently  the  same  as 
the  "  brae"  of  Scottish  song.  See  Brae  in 
Jamieson. 

BREEN.  ^TlKn  in  1607  Hugh  ONeill, 
earl  of  Tyrone,  went  into  voluntary  exile, 
the  government  of  James  I.  wished  to  dis- 
place his  adherents  from  Ulster,  in  order 
to  introduce  an  English  colony  there.  One 
of  the  seven  native  septs  thus  dispossessed 
were  banished  to  the  distant  county  of 
Kerry,  where,  to  avoid  persecution,  they 
dropped  the  unpopular  name  of  O'Neill, 
and  adopted  instead  that  of  Breen,  from 
Braon  O'Neill,  the  head  of  then-  branch. 
Inf.  H.  H,  Breen,  Esq. 

BRENAN.  BRENNAN.  BRENNAND, 

O.  Norse  brennandi,    fervidus,    vehement, 
earnest.  Ferguson. 

BREEZE.  Corresponds  with  Bresi,  a 
Northman  name  in  the  Landnamabok,  by 
metathesis  for  bersi,  0.  Norse,  a  bear. 
Ferguson. 

BRENDON.  An  estate  in  St.  Dominick, 
CO.  Cornwall,  possessed  by  the  family  in 
earlj'  times. 

BRENT.  Small  rivers  in  IMiddlesex  and 
Somerset,  and  parishes  in  Suffolk,  Somer- 
set, and  Devon. 


BRI 


40 


BRI 


BRERETON.  One  of  tlie  great  Cliesliire 
families  wlio  cau  be  proved  to  have  existed 
at  or  near  the  time  of  tlie  Oouquest,  and 
are  yet  unnoticed  in  Domesd.  Ormerod. 
They  came  over  with  the  Conqueror,  in  the 
train  of  Hugh  Lupus,  with  Gilbert  de  Ve- 
nables,  to  whom  they  were  apparently 
related,  and  settled  at  Brereton,  from  which 
place  the  name  was  assumed  as  early  as 
temp.  William  Eufus. 

BRETON.     Le  Breton  In  the  H.R.     A 

Breton,  a  native  of  Brittany.  The  name  is 
common  in  France.  Sec  Brett. 

BRETT.  Brito,  a  native  of  Brittany. 
The  parish  of  Samford  Bi-ett,  co.  Somerset, 
was  the  lordship  of  Hugh  Brito,  one  of  the 
assassins  of  Thomas  a  Becket.  Domesday 
Book  abounds  with  Brito  as  a  surname. 
No  less  than  seven  persons  bearing  it  Avere 
tenants  in  chief  in  many  counties.  They 
had  probalily  served  in  the  Conqueror's 
army  under  his  great  ally,  Alan,  earl  of 
Brittany.  Morant's  Essex.  Kelham's 
Domesd.  In  Scotland,  JBrets  was  a  name 
given  to  the  Welsh  or  ancient  Britons  in 
general :  also  to  those  of  Strath- Clyde,  to 
distinguish  them  from  the  Scots  and  Picts. 
Jamieson. 

BRETTENIIAM.  Parishes  in  Norfolk 
and  Suffolk. 

BREWER.  1.  Bruyere,  Fr.,  a  heath. 
This  was  a  frequent  name  in  Norman 
times.  The  principal  English  family  were 
settled  in  Devonshire  at  the  time  of  the 
Domesd.  survey,  and  founded  Tor  Ablic}'. 
In  after  times  they  impressed  their  name 
upon  Teign  Brewer  and  Buckland  Brewer 
in  that  county,  as  also  upon  Temple 
Brewer,  co.  Lincoln.  Among  tliose  of  the 
name  in  France,  Thibaut  de  la  Bruyere,  the 
crusader,  stands  conspicuous.  The  ortho- 
graphy is  much  varied,  the  principal  forms 
in  the  H.E.  being  Brewer,  Brewere,  de 
Bruario,  de  la  Briiere,  Brywer,  de  Brueris. 
2.  The  occupation.  In  the  H.E.  it  occurs 
in  the  Latin  and  Norman-French  forms  of 
Braciator  and  Le  Bi-acer.  The  business  of 
brewing  was  formerly  carried  on  by  women, 
and  hence  the  A-Sax.  feminine  termination 
stjv,  in  Brewster.  In  the  H.R.  we  find  the 
name  of  one  Clarissa  la  Braceresse.  In  the 
XV.  cent,  the  name  as  well  as  the  occupa- 
tion was  often  written  Berebrewer. 

Fuller,  speaking  of  William  Brewer,  a  man  famous 
in  our  early  annals,  says :  "  His  motlier,  unable  to 
maintain  liim,  castliim  in  brewers,  (whence  hewas  so 
nameil,)  or  in  a  bed  of  brakes  in  the  New  Forest.  .  .  . 
King  Henry  II.,  riding  to  rouse  a  stag,  found  this 
child,  and  caused  liim  to  be  nursed  and  ■well  bi-ought 
up."  Worthies,  i.  431.  lie  afterwards  created  liim 
baron  of  Odcomb. 

BREA\^HOUSE.  A  known  corruption  of 
Braose. 

BREWIN.     See  Bruin. 

BREWSTER.  A  brewer.  See  termina- 
tion STEK,  aiid  Eug.  Surn.  in  voc. 

BRIAR.     See  Bryer. 

BRICE.  A  personal  name.  The  feast  of 
St.  Brice,  bishop  and  confessor,  is  on  the 
]  iJth  of  Novemlier.  There  are  tliree  places 
in  Normandy  denominated  from  him. 


^^BPiICK.  A  common  .syllaTile  in  local 
surnames,  signifying  lu'idge,  from  A-Sax. 
hricf/,  a  bridge  ;  as  Shubrick,  Brickhill, 
Bricklande,  Brickdale,  Brickwood. 

BRICKDALE.  An  estate  in  co.  Lan- 
caster, possessed  by  the  family  temp. 
Edw.  I. 

BRICKINIAN.  A  brickniaker;  or  more 
probably  Briggman,  i.e.  Bridgeman. 

BRIDE.  May  be  the  A-Sax.  brid,  a 
bird;  but  is  more  prolialjly  the  Gael.  Mac- 
Bride,  by  the  suppression  of  Mac.  Brideson 
is  an  anglicized  form  of  that  name. 

St.  Bride  or  Bridget  was  a  celebrated  saint  of  Celtic 
stock,  and  was  nnich  venerated  in  Ireland,  Scotland, 
and  AYales,  where  many  places  take  their  names  from 
her.  A  well-known  church  in  Fleet  Street  is  dedi- 
cated to  her,  and  from  a  sacred  well  under  her  invo- 
cation, in  the  same  parish,  the  ar.v  palathia  of  our 
early  kings  took  the  name  of  Bridewell.  The  palace 
afterwards  became  a  prison,  and  hence  Bridewell  has 
become  a  generic  term  for  small  or  minor  prisons. 

BRIDESON.     See  Bride. 

BRIDGE.  From  residence  at  one.  The 
medieval  forms  are  Ate-Bruge,  Atte  Brigge, 
&c.  It  has  been  pluralized  in  the  forms  of 
Bridges,  Brydges,  kc. ;  and  has  given  rise 
to  Bridger  and  Bridgman.  The  A-Sax.  is 
hricg ;  whence  Brigg  and  Briggs.  In  the 
H.R.  Ave  Jiave  Ate  Brugeende,  i.e.  '  at  the 
bridge-end.' 

BRIDGEBUn.DER.     See  Bridirman. 

BRIDGER.  See  Bridge,  and  the  termi- 
nation ER. 

BRIDGES.     See  Bridge. 

BRIDGETT.       See    Female     Christian 

Names. 

BRIDGEWATER.    A  town  in  Somerset. 

BRIDGINIAN.  From  the  remotest  anti- 
quity, the  building  of  bridges  was  considered 
a  pious  and  charitalile  deed,  and  hence  the 
erection  and  custody  of  them  Avas  confided 
to  the  priestliood.  The  Roman  pontifices 
or  liigher  order  of  priests  Avere  so  styled  a 
pontc  fadokdo.  In  the  middle  ages  chapels 
were  commonly  built  eitlier  upon  or  at  the 
approaclies  of  bridges.  In  some  places  the 
reparations  of  a  parish  cliurcli  and  those  of 
a  bridge  Avere  pnid  for  out  of  a  common 
fund. 

Tlie  conjunction  of  the  duties  of  superintending 
tlie  church  and  the  bridge  of  a  town,  Avhich  is  not 
unusual  in  similar  situations,  may  be  distinctly  traced 
at  Ilenley-upon-Thaines  as  early  as  the  reign  of  Edw. 
II.  There  are  numerous  instances  in  early  times  of 
grants  and  bequests  to  the  "  church  and  bridge  ;"  and 
up  to  the  present  day  the  bridge-masters  for  the  time 
being  have,  by  prescription,  been  churchAvardens  of  the 
parish  of  Henley.  Pari.  Gaz.  The  charter  granted  by 
Queen  Elizabeth  to  the  corporation,  styles  that  body 
"  the  warden,  bridgemcn,  burgesses,  and  commonalty 
of  Henley."  This  was  dated  1568;  but  at  a  much 
earlier  period  the  words  "  bridgeman  "  and  "  ehurcli- 
mau"  were  used  indiscriminately  to  denote  the  same 
official ;  and  this  was  doubtless  the  case  in  other 
places.  Our  nomenclature  affords  several  analogous 
names,  as  Briggs  (h-om  hruj,  an  archaic  form  of 
bridge),  Bridger,  Pontifex,  a  latmization  yet  retaiiied, 
and  (in  America)  Bridgebuildcr,  which,  I'am  told,  is  a 
translation  in  very  modern  times  of  the  German 
Briickenbauer. 

BRIDEE.  Possibly  from  Bridell,  co. 
Cardigan. 


BRI  41 

BRIElSr.     See  Bryan  and  O'Brien. 

BRIERLEY.     A  township  in  Yorkshire. 

BRIGG.     Glanford-Brigg,  co.  Lincohi. 

BRIGGS.     See  Bridge. 

BRIGIIA.]\I.  A  township  and  estate  in 
Yorkshire,  possessed  by  the  family  for 
several  centuries. 

BRIGHT.  A- Sax.  heort,  brilliant,  illus- 
trious. Tt  is  this  ancient  Teutonic  root  that 
is  found  in  numerous  personal  names  like 
Albert,  Cuthbert,  Lambert,  &c.  Brighting 
seems  to  be  a  patronymical  derivative. 

BRIGHTING.    See  Bright. 

BRIGHTMAN.  A  man  of  sprightly 
charactei'. 

BRIGHTON".  A  name  of  recent  as- 
sumption;  since  that  town— the  modern 
Ba,i^_has  only  been  so  called  since  the 
middle  of  the  XVII.  cent. 

BRIGHT  WELL.  Parishes  in  cos.  Berks, 
Sufifolk,  Oxon,  &c. 

BRIGNALL.     A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

BRIGSTOCKE.  A  parish  in  co.  Nor- 
thampton. 

BRILL.     A  parish  In  co.  Bucks. 

BRIM.     See  Bream. 

BRLSIBLE.     O.  Norse  hrimeJl,  a  seal ;  a 

Scandinavian  personal  name.    Ferguson. 
BRBU^IELD.     A  parish  In   co.   Here- 
ford. 
BRINCKMAN.      From    Hanover    with 

George  I. 
BRIND.     A  township  in    the  parish  of 
Wressel,  co.  York. 

BRINDLE.     A  parisli  In  Lancashire. 
BRINDLEY.     A  township  in  Cheshire. 
BRINT].    An  Irish  corruption  of  O'Brien. 
BRINGLOW.     Briuklow,  co.  Warwick. 
BRINKLEY.     A    parish    In    co.    Cam- 
bridge. 

BRINKAYORTH.     A  parish  In  Wilts. 
BRINTON.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 
BRISCO.     "  They  were  called  De  Birks- 
keugh,  because  their  first  ancestors  dwelt  at 
Birkskeugh,  or  Birchwood,  a  place  by  New- 
biggin,  in  a  lordship  belonging  to  the  priory 
of  Carlisle,"  in  the  XIII.  cent,  or  earlier. 
Denton's   Cmnberland  :\ISS.     They  were, 
however,  lords,  not  tenants,   of  that  fee. 
Hutchinson's  Cumb.  ii,  458. 
BRISK.      From   character  and  disposi- 
tion. 
BRISLEY.     A  parish  In  co.  Norfolk. 
BRISTER.     A  corruption   of  Bristowe, 
which  see. 

BRISTOLL.     Bristol,  the  city. 
BRISTOWE.     An    old    orthography  of 
Bristol— also  of  Burstow,  co.  Surrey.     The 
o 


BRO 

Bristows  of  Broxmore  derive  from  a  John 
de  Burstow  of  the  latter  place,  129t. 
Stephen  de  Burstow,  temp.  Richard  I.  was 
styled  De  B.  alias  Fitzhamou,  of  which 
distinguished  family  he  was  probably  a 
cadet.     See  Brayley's  Surrey. 

BRITTAINE.      Breton;     a    native    of 
Brittany. 

BRITTON.     My  late  friend,  IMr.   John 
Britton,    F.S.A.,   the   oldest  antiquary   of 
England,  writing  in  his  eighty-sixth  year, 
says:    "Britton,   Britain,    Briten,  Bretten, 
Brittain,  &c. — not  common  in  England.    I 
find  that  they  abounded  in  parishes  between 
Bath  and  Bristol.     I  have  names  from  ten 
different  registers.     They  rarely  emigrated 
to  Bath,  Bristol,  or  London."     A  branch 
however  did  settle  at  Bristol  about  a  cen- 
tury ago,  and  thence  reuioved  to  Jamaica. 
The  respectable  family  of  Breton,  of  Kent 
and  Sussex,  usually  pronounce  their  name 
as  if  spelt  Britton,  and  there  is  no  doubt  of 
its  original  identity  with  it.     See  Breton. 

BRIXEY.  Apparently  a  personal  name. 
Brixi  occurs  in  the  Domesd.  of  Notting- 
hamshire. 

BROADRIBB.  Probably  a  corruption 
of  Broderip. 

BROAD.  This  name  which  might  at  first 
sight  appear  to  relate  to  breadth  of  back  and 
shoulders— the  "vidth"  Avhich  Mr.  Tony 
Weller  associates  with  "visdom" — i-eally 
refers  to  that  part  of  a  river  which  expands 
into  a  mere  or  lake.  Le  Brode,  or  The 
Broad,  is  a  name  which  was  given  in  ancient 
times  to  many  such  localities. 

"  Broad  is  a  provinciiil  term  used  in  Suffolk  and 
Norfollv,  to  designate  tliat  part  of  a  river  where  the 
stream  expands  to  a  great  width  on  either  side." 

Southafs  Hist,  of  Brazil. 

Erode  is  also  a  personal  name  occurring  in 
Domesday. 
j^BROAD.     See  Brad.    Hence  Broad- 
bent,  Broadbridge,   Broadhead,  Broad- 
stock,  Broadmead,  Broadwell,  &c. 

BROADFOOT.  Perhaps  from  the  per- 
sonal peculiarity ;  but  more  likely  local. 

BROADHEAD.  Perhaps  local,  or  per- 
haps from  a  personal  peculiarity.  Brod- 
heved,  H.E. 

BROADSPEAR.  From  the  weapon  of 
the  original  assumer.  So  Langstaife, 
Longsword,  &c. 

BROADAYATER.     A  parish  In  Sussex. 

BROADAYAY.  Parishes  in  cos.  AYorces- 
ter,  Dorset,  and  Somerset.  A  common 
Gipsy  surname. 

BROADAA^OOD.  Two  parishes  In  Devon. 

BROCK.  A-Sax.  hroc.—A  badger.  (See 
however  Brockman).  Also  a  medieval 
form  of  Brook.  From  one  or  other  of  these 
sources  come  the  local  surnames  Brock- 
bank,  Brocksopp,  Brockwell,  Brockhurst, 
Brocklehurst,  Brockway,  &c. 

BROCKETT.  According  to  Harrison's 
Descr.  of  Engl.  p.  22G,  a  hrocM  is  a  stag  in 
his  second  year,  but  other  authorities  apply 


BRO 


42 


BRO 


the  term  to  one  in  his  third  year.  Hence 
the  adoption  by  the  family  of  a  stag  for 
their  crest.  Leland  uses  the  word  as  a 
diminutive  of  brook — "  A  hroliet  to  the 
sea."  Itin.  iii.  132.  But  the  true  deriva- 
tion of  the  surname  aj^pears  to  be  from 
A-Sax.  Brochesheved — "  the  head  of  the 
broolv,"  the  form  in  which  it  appears  in  the 
Pipe  Kolls,  3.  King  John,  (co.  Essex.) 
There  is  evidence,  principally  heraldric, 
that  the  Brockheveds,  Brockheads, 
Brockets  or  Brocketts,  were  of  a  common 
stock  with  the  Brokes,  Brookes,  &c. 

BROCKELL.  Brockhall,  a  parish  in 
Northamptonshire. 

BROCKHOLES.  The  B.'s  of  Claughton, 
where  tliey  liave  been  seated  from  the  XIV. 
cent.,  formerly  possessed  Brockholls,  co. 
Lancaster. 

BROCKLEBANK.  A  parish  in  Cumber- 
land. 

BROCKLESBY.  A  parish  in  co. 
Lincoln. 

BEOCKLEY.  Parishes  in  cos.  Somerset, 
Suffolk,  and  Kent. 

BROCKMAN.  The  Kent  family  occur 
as  Brokeman,  in  the  XIV.  cent.  It  may 
be  sjTionjTnous  with  Brookman  and 
Brook er ;  Init  hroch  is  0.  Eng.  both  for  a 
draught  horse  and  a  badger,  and  the  primi- 
tive Brockman  may  have  been  either  a 
horseman,  as  Kennett  suggests,  or  a  hunter 
of  badgers.     See  Eng.  Surn.  i.  176. 

BRODERIP.  The  manor  of  Bowdrip 
near  Bridgewater  is  said  to  have  been  given 
to  this  family  by  Henry  II.  As  if  this 
were  not  suflicient  to  account  for  the  name, 
there  is  a  ridiculous  tradition  that  the  first 
person  who  bore  it  was  "  sauce-bearer  "  to 
that  monarch,  and  that  from  his  undue 
fondness  for  the  contents  of  the  sauce- 
bowls,  the  king  gave  him  the  sobriquet  of 
"  Bag-o'-drip,"  since  refined  to  Broderip ! 

BRODIE.  Lands  in  tlie  shire  of  Nairn. 
The  Brodies  of  that  Ilk  date  from  the  XIII. 
cent.,  and  are  still  in  possession. 

BRODRICK.  Came  from  Normandy 
temp.  William  Rufus,  and  settled  in  co. 
York.     Peerage. 

BROKE.  An  archaism  of  Brook.  The 
baronet  springs  from  William  de  Doyto  del 
Broke,  circ.  temp.  King  John. 

BROKER.     See  Brooker. 

BROMAGE.  A  corruption  of  Brom- 
wich. 

BROMBY.      A  parish  in  co.  Lincohi. 

BRO]\IE.  Tradition  derives  the  B.'s  of 
AV.  Mailing  from  Broome,  co.  Salop,  their 
rei-idence  from  the  XIII.  to  the  XVI.  cent. 
B.L.G. 

BROMFIELD.     Rarishes  in  cos.  Cum- 

Ijerland  and  Salop. 
BROMHEAD.     An  estate  in    Ilallam- 

shire,   co.   York,   which  passed  from  the 

family  through  an  heiress  so  early  as  temp. 

Pdchard  II,     Courthopc's  Debrett. 


BROMLEY.  Parishes  and  jjlaces  in 
COS.  Kent,  Stafford,  Northumh.,  Essex, 
Middlesex,  &c.  The  word  is  pure  A-Sax., 
and  equivalent  to  "broom-field." 

BROI\lWICn.  A  town  in  co  Stafford, 
and  places  in  co.  Warwick. 

BROND.     See  Brand. 

BROOK.  BROOKE.  From  residence 
near  a  stream.  Its  medieval  forms  are  Ate- 
Broc,  Atte-Broc,  Attenbroke,  &c.,  after- 
wards softened  to  A-Broke,  and  pluralised 
to  Brooks  and  Brookes.  Brooker  and 
Brookman  are  simple  variations  of  the 
same  name. 

BROOKER.  See  Brook,  and  the  ter- 
mination ER. 

BROOKMAN.  See  Brook,  and  the  ter- 
mination MAX. 

BROOKS.    BROOKES.     See  Brook. 

BROOM.  BROOME.  Some  families 
claim  to  be  of  Plautagcnet  origin  with  an 
anglicised  name;  but  the  name  is  more 
likely  to  be  local,  from  one  of  the  parishes 
so  called  in  cos.  Norfolk,  Sufiblk,  Stafford, 
BecUbrd,  and  Durham. 

BROOMAN.     In  Domesd.  Bruman.   Fr. 

"a  sonne-in-law."    Cotgr. 

BROOMFIELD.  Parishes  in  cos.  Essex, 
Kent,  Somerset,  &c. 

BROOMHALL.  Bromhall,  co.  Berks, 
or  Broomhaugh,  co.  Northumb. 

BROSTER.     An  old  form  of  Brewster. 

BROTHER.  Apparently  not  from  the 
relation  of  kindred,  but  from  a  baptismal 
name.  There  was  a  Danish  king  so  called, 
as  also  one  of  the  Scandinavian  kings  of 
Dublin.  In  Germany  the  corresponding 
name  of  Bruder  is  foimd.  Two  Danish 
nobles  at  tlie  Court  of  Canute  also  bore  the 
name.  Ferguson.  The  forms  in  Domesd. 
are  Broder,  Brodre,  kc,  and  in  the  H.R. 
Brother  and  Le  Brother.  Hence  Brothers, 
Brotherson,  and  the  local  Brotherton. 

BROTHERS.     See  Brother. 

BROTHERSON.  See  Brother.  Also 
like  the  0.  Norse,  hrochirson,  a  nephew. 

BROTHERTON.  A  parish  in  York- 
shire.    See  Brother. 

BRO  UGH.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  West- 
moreland, Derby,  York,  &c. 

BROUGHAlNf.  From  Brougham  castle, 
CO.  AVestmoreland,  the  Eoraan  station 
Brocovum  of  Antoninus.  The  De  Burghams 
held  it  temp.  Edw.  Confessor,  and  their 
successors,  varying  the  name  to  Bruham, 
Broham,  Browham,  &c.,  have  been,  with  a 
temporary  interruption,  possessors  ever 
since.  See  Hutchinson's  Cumberland,  i. 
299. 

BROUGHTON.  From  Broughton,  co. 
Stafford,  andfii'St  assumed  by  a  descendant 
of  Hugh  de  Vernon  (Baron  of  Bhipbrook, 
temp.  Will.  I.)  in  or  about  the  reign  of 
Edw.  I. 


BRU 


43 


BRU 


BROUNE.    The  Scottish  form  of  Brown. 
BROWKER.     See  Brookor. 

BROWN.      BROWNE.      One    of    the 

commonest  of  our  family  names,  entering 
into  the   proverb,    "  Smith,  Jones,  Brown, 
and  Kohinson,"  to  designate  the  ignoUle 
rnlgus.     According  to   tlie   Reg.  General's 
XVI.  Report,  it  stands  sixth  among  the  sur- 
names of  England  and  Wales   in  point  of 
numbers,   AVilliams,    Taylor,    and    Davies 
intcn'cning     between      Jones     and     this. 
Within   a   given   period   the  Smiths  Avere 
33,557,  and"  the  Bro^\ms,   14,34G.     Its  ety- 
mology is   obvious,    and  like  the   Roman 
Fuscus,  the  Fr.  Le   Brun,  the  Germ,  and 
Dutch  Bruin,  the  name  refers  to  the  dark 
complexion  of  its  original  bearers.  It  is  diffi- 
cult to  discriminate  between  the  BroANTis  of 
Saxon  and  those  of  Norman  descent,    the 
old  orthography  being   in  both  instances 
hnin.     Domesd.  has  several   Bruus,  appa- 
rently Saxon,  but  the  Battel  Abbey  Roll  has 
its  Le  Brun  from  Normandy,  and  subse- 
quently we  have   Le  Bruns  in  plenty,  in 
England,  Scotland,  and  (at  Henry  II.'s  in- 
vasion)    in     Ireland,     and   ultimately   in 
every  rank  of  society.     The  Scottish  form  is 
Broun,  a  retained  medievalism.     A  family 
of  Fr.  refugees  who  settled  in  Norfolk  after 
the  Rev.  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  1685,  under 
the  naine  of  Brunet,  now  write  themselves 
Browne. 
BROWNBILL.     A  well-known  weapon 
in  medieval  warfare. 

BROWNING.  An  A-Sax.  baptismal 
name,  usually  written  Bruniug.  The  ap- 
pellation originally  referred  to  complexion. 

BROWNJOHN.  See  under  the  termi- 
nation JOHX. 

BROWNLIE.  BROWNLY.  A  place 
in  CO.  Kincardine. 

BROWN  SMITH.     See  Smith. 

BR0A7NSW0RD.     See  Sword. 

BROWSTER.     See  Brewster. 

BROXHOLM.     A  parish  in  co.  Lincoln. 

BRUCE.  I  always  conjectured  that  the 
Bruces  of  Scotland  were  of  a  common  stock 
with  the  great  baronial  house  of  Braose  of 
Bramber,  in  Sussex,  Gower,  in  AVales,  &c. 
A  passage  in  Drummond's  British  Families 
seems  conclusiveon  this  point: — "Nathaniel 
Johnstone,  M.D.,  wrote  a  history  of  the 
family  of  Bruce ;  he  affirms  the  identitj'  of 
the  Bruces  and  Braoses.  The  assertion  is 
supported  by  many  probaliilities. 

"  1.  The  Baron  of  Bramber  was  not  a  mere  upstart 
who  had  signalised  himself  for  the  first  time  in  the 
ranlvS  of  the  Conqueror's  army,  for  he  htld  lands  and 
churches  in  Normandv,  as  is  asserted  by  writings  still 
extant.  2.  The  aUiances  first  recorded  of  his  des- 
cendants are  of  tlie  first  famUies  of  the  countiy.  3. 
The  spelling  of  the  name  in  one  of  the  oldest  records, 
(6  John,  Claus.  Rot.)  The  name  of  the  Baron  of  Bram- 
ber is  spelt  Breus,  and  one  of  the  Latest  ways  of  spell- 
ing by  his  posterity  is  Brcices ;  the  spelling  of  another 
is  Bruvs  and  Brehus,  whilst  Pagan,  one  of  the  sons 
of  Robert  de  Brus,  writes  his  n.ime  Brausa,  and  in 
another  charter  Braiosa,  the  very  spelling  supposed 
to  be  peculiar  to  the  Barons  of  Bramber,  and  which 
name  is  wTitten  identically  the  same  in  both  families. 
^\^^at  is  reallv  extraordinary  is,  that  in  more  than 


one  instancethe  father  signs  his  name  Robert  de  Brus, 
and  the  son  Pagan  do  Brehuse.  The  difference  in 
orthography  arises  from  the  different  way  in  which 
the  people  of  Sussex  and  Herefordsliii-e  would  pro- 
nounce the  same  name  from  the  people  of  Yorkshire 
and  Scotland."  There  is  a  general  resemblance,  also, 
between  the  arms  of  the  Braoses  of  Normandy  and 
England  and  those  of  the  Bruces  of  Scotland.  M.  de 
GerWlle,  however,  deduces  the  royal  Bmces  of  Scotland 
from  a  perfectly  distinct  source,  namely,  ft-om  the  Cha- 
teau d'Adam,  in  the  great  parish  of  Brix,  a  few  miles 
south-east  of  Cherbourg.  Tliis  ch.'iteau  was  built  in 
the  time  of  the  dukes  of  Normandy,  by  Adam,  a  lord 
of  Brix,  whom  M.  de  Gcrrille  presumes  to  have  been 
an  ancestor  of  the  Bruce  who  accompanied  the  Con- 
queror into  England.  The  name  of  the  parish  has 
frequently  been  written  Bruis.  Mem.  Soc.  Antiq. 
Konnand"ie,  1825.     See  Braose. 

The  following  p.assage,  from  Boswell's  Tour  in  the 
Hebrides  with  Dr.  Johnson,  is  of  some  interest :— "We 
proceeded  to  Fort  George.  When  we  came  into  the 
square,  I  sent  a  soldier  witli  the  letter  to  a  Jlr.  Feme. 
He  came  to  us  immediately,  and  along  with  him  came 
Major  Brewse,  of  the  Engineers,  pronounced  Bruce. 
He  said  hebeUeveditwas  originally  the  same  Norman 
name  with  Bruce,  and  that  he  had  dined  at  a  house  in 
London  where  were  three  Bruces,  one  of  the  Irish 
line,  one  of  the  Scottish  line,  and  himself  of  the  English 
line.  He  said  he  was  shown  it  in  the  Heralds'  Office 
spelt  in  fourteen  different  ways."  I  thuik  it  would 
be  easy  to  produce  double  that  number  of  spellings. 

BRUDENELL.  The  name  is  probably- 
local.  As  to  its  origin,  we  learn  only  from 
Collins,  that  it  was  of  good  and  chivalrous 
repute,  temp.  Hen.  III.,  and  that  it  was 
diversely  written  Bredenhill,  Bretenill, 
Britnill,"  Bricknill,  Bredenhull,  Brutenelle, 
and  Brudenell.     Peerage,  17GS. 

BRUFF.     Hearty,  jolly,  healthy,  proud. 

Halliw. 
BRUIN.     1.  A  nickname  of  the  bear.    2. 

Bruin,  Du.  brown,  dark  complexioned. 
A  small  shopkeeper  in  Surrey  had  a  board,  annomic- 

ing  the  sale  of  "  Tabel  Bear,"  affixed  to  liis  wall,  and 

under    it  a  waggish  neighbour    wrote,    "Hia    oNvn 

Bruin !" 

BRUISE.     One    of  the  many  forms  of 

Braose  or  Bruce.     R.G.  16. 
BRUNNE.     See  Bourne  and  Brown. 

BRUNROBYN.  This  name  occurs  iu 
the  archives  of  Yarmouth.  A  certain  liti- 
gious fellow  named  Robert,  a  tailor,  thence 
called  Robert  Tailor,  frequently  figures  as 
"  BroAvn  Robin  the  Tailor,"  or  more  curtly 
as  "  Bruurobyn."  Papers  of  Norfolk  Ar- 
chajol.  Soc.  iv.,  253. 

BRUNSWICK.  Some  traders  so  called 
appear  in  the  Loud.  Direct.,  and  seem  to  be 
of  German  origin. 

BRUNT.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Brent,  places  so  called  in  cos.  Somerset, 
Devon,  Suffolk,  &c. 

BRUNTON.  Two  townships  in  Nor- 
thumberland. 

BRUSH.  Perhaps  from  Germ,  hnisch, 
broom.     See  Broome. 

BRUSIIFIELD.  A  small  village  and 
manor  in  the  parish  of  Bakewell,  co.  Derby, 
anciently  written  Brightrithfield  and  Brith- 
rithtfield  (quasi,  "the  field  of  Brihteric  " — 
an  A-Sax.  personal  name).  The  family 
have  long  been  located  about  Eyam,  a  few 
miles  distant,  and  they  have  ever  been  re- 
markable for  tlieir  paucity  of  numbers.  At 
presentuot  above  ten  persons  in  England, 


BUG 


44 


BUL 


and  those  all  related  to  each  other,  bear  the 
name.     luf.  T.  \V.  Brushfield,  Esq. 

BEUTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  Northumb. 
and  Somerset. 

BRYAN.  BRYANT.  Bryan  is  a  Celtic 
personal  name  of  great  antiquity,  implying 
originally,  regains,  or  chieftain. 

BRYCESON.  BRYSON.  The  son  of 
Brice,  which  see. 

BRYDGES.  Originally  written  Brnges, 
and  assumed  to  be  of  I'lemish  origin,  from 
the  famous  city  of  that  name. 

BRYDSON.  1.  The  sonof  Bryd,  an  A- 
Sax.  personal  name.     2.  See  Bride. 

BRYER.  The  same  as  Brewer,  in  the 
local  sense. 

BRYON.     See  Brian. 

BUBB.  BUBBS.  From  Bubba,  an 
ancient  Teutonic  name.     Ferguson. 

BUCHAN.  A  district  of  Aberdeenshire, 
which  gave  title  of  earl  to  the  fiirailies  of 
Cummins  and  Erskinc.  The  lirst  of  the 
Biichans  is  stated  to  have  been  a  son  of  the 
last  Earl  of  Buchau  of  the  Comyn  family. 

BUCHANAN.  A  jparish  in  co.  Stii-ling, 
possessed  by  the  fomily  in  early  times. 

BUCK.  The  animal,  famed  in  the  chase, 
and  familiar  as  an  armorial  ensign  and  as 
a  trader's  sign.     Le  Buc.     H.R. 

6^"BUCK.  Many  local  surnames  have 
been  borrowed  from  this  animal,  some 
of  which  are  not  readily  explainable,  as 
Buckmill,  Buckthought,  Buckner,  and 
Bucktootli.  Buckoke,  Buckthorj^e,  and 
others,  are  quite  intelligible,  tJiough  the 
localities  are  unknown  to  me. 

BUCKENHAM.  Four  parishes  in  Nor- 
folk, anciently  Bokenham. 

BUCKETT.     See  Bouquet. 

BUCKING  H AIM.  The  town  from  which 
the  shire  is  named. 

BUCKLAND.  Parishes  and  places  in 
COS.  Berks,  Bucks,  Glouccst.,  Herts,  Kent, 
Surrey,  Somerset,  Devon,  Dorset,  &c. 

BUCKLE.  Probably  corrupted  from  the 
local  name  Buckwell. 

BUCKLER.  Doubtless  from  the  trade 
of  making  buckles.  Le  Bokelcr,  11. R.  See 
imder  Smith.  Tbe  name  has,  liowe-ser,  been 
thought  to  be  a  corruption  of  Beauclerk. 

BUCKLEY.     A  township  in  Cheshire. 

BUCKMAN.  One  who  had  the  care  of 
bucks. 

BUCKMASTER.  One  who  had  the  care 
of  deer,  or  who  superintended  the  sport  of 
stag-huntiug. 

BUCKN ALL,  —NELL,  -NILL.  Pa- 
rishes, &c.,  in  cos.  Lincoln,  Stafford,  Oxon, 
and  Hereford. 

BUCKSTON.  The  same  as  Buxton  (the 
Derbyshire  family). 


BUCKTON.     A  township  in  Yorkshire. 

BUCKAVORTH.    A  parish  in  co.  Hunts. 

BUDD.  A  prte-Domesd.  personal  name. 
Boda,  Bodus,  &c. 

BUDDEL.  Le  Budel  and  Budellus. 
H.R.     lialliwell  has  budel,  a  beadle. 

BUDDEN.  BUDDING.     See  Boden. 

BUDDEN.  BUDDLE.  BUDGE.  Fer- 
guson derives  these  names  from  the  Teut. 
bote,  a  messenger. 

BUGG.     Tom  Hood  has  said— 

"  A  name !  it'  the  party  had  a  voice, 
Wliat  mortal  would  be  a  Bugg  by  choice?" 

But  though  it  is  not  as  the  old  phrase  is, 
"  a  pretty  name  to  go  to  bed  with,"  yet,  a3 
Mr.  Ferguson  says,  there  are  several 
"  crumbs  of  etymological  comfort  for  the 
Buggs.  I  think  (lie  adds)  a  good  case  may 
be  made  out,  to  show  that  it  is  a  name  of 
reverence  rather  than  of  contempt."  At 
all  events  it  is  a  name  that  an  A-Sax.  lady, 
Hothwaru  Bucge,  was  not  aslaamed  of,  al- 
beit she  was  a  holy  woman  and  an  abbess. 
Kemble.  Ferguson  thinks  it  is  derived 
from  a  root  imiilying  bowed  or  bent.  How- 
ever that  may  "be,  it  is  evidently  of  the 
same  origin  as  Bogue. 

BUGLEHORN.     R.  G.  16.   See  Bugler. 

BUGLER.  BUGLAR.  (The  bugle-horn 
was  originally  the  liorn  of  a  bull,  anciently 
in  some  dialects  so  called.  Sir  John  Maun- 
deville  tells  of  "  griffouncs"  with  talons  a3 
large  as  "  homes  of  grete  oxen,  or  of  bugles, 
or  of  kyzn  !")     A  player  on  tl:e  bugle-horn. 

BUIST.  Thick  and  gross.  "He  is  a 
bnlst  of  a  fellow — he  is  a  gross  man." 
Jamieson. 

BULFINCH.     See  Birds. 

BULFORD.     A  parish  in  Wilts. 

BULHEAD.  May  be  either  local,  or  the 
heraldric  sign  of  an  inn,  or  a  sobriquet  de- 
rived from  baldness — A-Sax.  bold,  hold,  and 
heved,  head.  It  most  probably  comes  from 
the  last-mentioned  source,  as  Boleheved  is 
found  in  the  H.R. 

BULKELEY.     A  township  In  Cheshire, 

now  Buckley. 

BULL.  A  very  natural  sobriquet,  as  well 
as  a  common  inn-sign,  and  a  frequent  he- 
raldric charge.  It  may,  however,  be  a  per- 
sonal name,  as  the  forms  Bole,  Bolle,  &c.,  arc 
found  in  Domesd.  The  corresponding 
names  Taureau,  Torel,  Tyrel,  Torelli,  BuUe, 
&c.,  are  plentiful  on  the  continent.  Let  no 
Frenchman,  however,  think  that  "  John 
Bull"  is  tbe  commonest  of  designations  iu 
England,  for  in  the  Loud.  Direct,  of  1852, 
I  find  only  four  people  so  called. 

BULLARD.  Bull-ward— either  the  man 

who  presided  over  the  sport  of  bull-baiting, 
or  the  one  who  had  the  care  of  the  "town- 
bull." 

BULLCOCK.     See  Belcorabe. 

BULLEN.     See  Boleyne. 


BUN 


45 


BULLER.     A-Norm.    A  deceiver.  Hal- 
liwell  quotes  from  au  ancieul  poera  :— 
"  The  sexte  case  es  of  fals  bulkrs, 
Both  that  tham  makes  and  that  thain  wers 
MS.  Cot.  Vesp,  A.  m.,  f.  IGl 

Several  Le  Bolurs  appear  in  H.R. 
BULLEY.     A  parish  in  co.  Gloucester. 
BULLICK.     Bullwick,  co.  Northampt.? 
BULLOCK.    Doubtless  from  the  animal. 
Le  Bceuf  occurs  as  an  early  A-Norm.  sur- 
name, as  also  does  Front-de-Boiuf,  "  bul- 
lock's forehead." 

BULLjMAN.  Bollman  in  the  Orkneys 
means  a  cottager.  It  is  alwaj'S  pronounced 
ionman.  Jamieson. 

BULLPIT.  Probably  such  a  place  as 
that  described  by  Heutzner.  "  There  is  a 
place  built  in  the  form  of  a  theatre,  T^'hlch 
serves  for  baiting  of  bulls  and  bears."— 
Ti-avels  in  England. 

BULMER.  Parishes  in  cos.  Essex  and 
York.  A  distinguished  foraily  derived 
from  the  latter,  and  flourished  temp.  Henry 
I.  See  Baronage. 
BULSTRODE.  An  estate  in  co.  Bucks, 
long  possessed  by  the  family.  This  origin 
of  the  name  is  tolerably  satisfactorj',  but 
tradition  accounts  otherwise  for  it.  It  is 
asserted  that — 
"  -WhenWUliam  conquered  English  ground, 

BiUstrode  had  per  annimi  three  hundred  pound. 
At  all  events  he  seems  to  have  been  a  sub- 
stantial personage  and  a  sturdy  ;  for  when 
the  Conqueror  gave  away  his  estate  to  a 
Norman  follower,  he  and  his  adherents, 
mounted  vpon  Bulls,  resisted  the  invaders, 
and  retained  possession.  Afterwards,  ac- 
companied by  his  seven  sons,  mounted  na 
the  same  fashion,  he  went  under  safe 
conduct  to  William's  court,  and  the  Con- 
queror Avas  so  much  amused  with  the 
strangeness  of  the  scene,  that  he  permitted 
the  stalwart  Saxon  to  hold  his  lands  under 
the  ancient  tenure,  and  conferred  upon  liim 
and  his  heirs  for  ever  the  surname  of  Bull- 
strode  !  See  Hist,  and  Allusive  Arms. 
BUIMPSTEAD.     Two  parishes  in  Essex. 

BUi\IPUS.  Fr.  hon  pas,  good  pace,  or 
good  passage.  It  may  therefore  either  be 
local,  or  have  reference  to  the  pedestrian 
powers  of  the  assumer.     Conf.  Malpas. 

BUNBURY.  A  cadet  of  the  Norman 
house  of  St.  Pierre  accompanied  Hugh 
Lupus,  earl  of  Chester,  at  the  Conquest, 
and  obtaming  the  manor  of_B.  in  Cheshire, 
assumed  his  surname  from  it. 

BUJs^GAY.     A  town  in  Suffolk. 

BUNKER.  Fr.  &ok  ccei/r,  "  good  heart," 
from  the  moral  quality  of  the  original 
bearer. 

BUNKLE.  A  parish  in  Berwickshire. 
Also  a  Scottish  term  for  a  stranger. 

BUNN.  Probably  the  Fr.  hon,  and 
equivalent  to  Good. 

BUNNY.  Probably  from  Bunny,  co. 
Notts.     The   B.'s   of  Hxhope  were  said  to 


BUR 

have  held  that  Hampshire  estate  from  temp. 
King  John.     B.L.G. 

BUNTING.  Probably  local;  huntin  is 
however  a  Scottish  word  meaning  short 
and  thick,  as  "  a  huntin  brat,"  a  plump 
child.  Jamieson.  The  Bunteins  Avere  of 
Ardoch  in  the  middle  ages.  A  Thomas 
Bunting  swore  allegiance  to  EdAvard  I.  of 
England,  in  1296.  Bunting  Avithout  a  pre- 
fix occurs  in  H.R. 

BUNYAN.  Nomen  venerabile!  Al- 
though associated  in  sound  Avith  that  pedal 
excrescence,  a  h(nnwn,—so  calculated  to 
hinder  the  Progress  of  a  Pilgrim  1— this 
surname  is  in  reality  derived  from  the 
Welsh  Ab  Kuion,  the  sou  of  Enion,  a  per- 
sonal name.  So  Bevan  from  Ab  Evan, 
Bithell  from  Ab  Ithell,  &c.  From  Benyon 
to  Bunyan,  the  transition  is  easy  and  natural. 
The  Biinyans  were  a  Gipsy  race. 

BURBAGE.  Places  in  cos.  Wilts  and 
Leicester. 

BURBIDGB.     See  Burbage. 

BURCH.     See  Birch. 

BURCHARD.  Burchard,  Burchardus, 
&c.,  a  personal  name  in  Domesda}-. 

BURCHATT.  BURCHETT.  See  Bur- 
chard. 

BURDEN.     See  Burdon. 

BURDER.  A  bird-catcher,  formerly 
Avritten  Byrder.  See  a  quaint  anecdote  in 
Eng.  Surn.  i.  119. 

BURDETT.  Plugh  Burdet,  and  Robert 
Burdet,  occur  as  tenants  in  Domesd.  Tho 
fonner,  Avho  Avas  ancestor  of  the  baronets  of 
Bramcote,  was  settled  in  co.  Leicester.  The 
baronets  of  BurthAvaite  seem  to  be  of 
another  family,  and  bear  different  arms. 
The  origin  of  the  name  is  unknown  ;  that 
it  is  not  local  is  shown  by  the  non-esistenco 
of  the  territorial  Be  in  the  earliest  records. 

BURDON,     Two  toAvnships  in  co.  Dur- 
ham. 
BURFIELD.     A  parish   in  Berks.    De 

Burfield,  co.  Oxon.  H.R. 
BURFORD,    Places   In  cos.  Oxon  and 

Salop. 
BURGER.     Burgher;    in   Scotland  the 
same  as  Burgess  iu  England. 
BURGESS.    BURGES.    A  freeman  of 

a  corporate  town  or  borough. 
^^BURGH.  A  component  sjdlable  in 
many  local  surnames.  It  also  stands 
alone,  and  may  be  derived  from  one  or 
more  of  the  various  places  so  called  in 
Cumberland,  Suffolk,  Norfolk,  and  Lin- 
coln. It  is  the  A-Sax.  hirh,  hireh, 
Ityn'j.  a  Avord  common  to  most  German 
dialects,  and  someA\-hat  resembling  tho 
Gr.  TTi'pyoc,  turris.  This  is  subject  mat- 
ter for  a  lengthened  dissertation,  had 
we  space  for  it,  but  it  Avill  be  sufficient 
for  the  present  purpose  to  observe,  that 
its  meaning  appears  to  be  that  which 
Richardson  assigns,  viz.— "  a  place  of 


BUR 


46 


BUR 


defence  or  security,"  whether  that  place 
be  a  walled  town,  a  mountain,  or  the 
place  in  which  the  "conies,"  though 
"but  a  feeble  folk,"  fortify  themselves. 
Imperial  Petersburgh,  royal  Edinboro', 
and  a  rabbit's  Burrow,  have  therefore  a 
commvuiity  of  origin  and  of  name.  The 
word  occurs  very  largely  in  local  no- 
menclature, sometimes  as  a  prefix  or 
termination,  and  sometimes  in  the  mid- 
dle of  a  name,  and  in  variously  modified 
forms,  as  burg,  bur,  ber,  berk,  borough, 
brough,  berry,  barrow,  bury,  &c. 

BURGHERSII.  Burwash,  co.  Sussex, 
was  anciently  so  called,  and  thence  the 
Barons  from  1303  to  13G9. 

BURGON.     See  Burgoyne. 

BURGOYNE.  A  native  of  Burgundy. 
Tlie  date  of  this  family's  settlement  in 
England  is  uncertain.  They  have  a  tra- 
dition of  having  been  in  co.  Bedford  from 
temjj.  John,  (Courthoiie's  Debrett's  Baro- 
netage) ;  but  Lysons  asserts  that  tliey  did 
not  possess  lauds  in  that  shire  till  about 
1465,  having  resided  at  a  more  remote  date 
in  CO.  Cambridge.  If  this  be  so,  we  must 
not  accept  as  geuuine  a  certain  rhyming 
grant,  by  which  John  of  Gaunt  assigns  to 
a  member  of  the  familj'  the  lands  of  Sutton 
and  Pottou  in  the  former  county  : — 

"  I,  John  of  Gaunt,  Ami  the  heirs  of  his  loin, 

Do  give  and  do  gi'ant,       Both  Sutton  and  Potton, 
Unto  Roger BurgojTie,      Until  the  world's  rotten." 

BURKE.  A  hardened  pronunciation  of 
Burgh,  and  equivalent  to  Borrowes,  &iO. 
See  Burgh.  The  great  Irish  family  are 
traced  to  the  Anglo-Norm.  De  Burghs, 
one  of  whom  settled  in  Ireland  soon  after 
the  acquisition  of  that  country  by  the 
English  monarchs.  The  name  Alfric  de 
Sure,  apparently  of  Saxon  origin,  appear.s 
in  the  Domesd.  of  Sufiblk.  In  the  H.K. 
the  name  of  the  famous  Hubert  de  Burgh, 
temp.  King  John,  is  sometimes  Avritteu  De 
Burk. 


BURKITT.     BURKETT. 
See  Borlase. 


BURKIT. 

See  Birket. 

BURLACE. 

BURLAND.     A  township  in  co.  Chester. 

BURLEIGH.  BURLEY.  (Often  inter- 
changeably used.)  Places  in  cos.  Northampt., 
Rutland,  Hants,  York,  &c. 

BURLINGHAM.  Three  parishes  in 
Norfolk. 

BURLINGTON.  An  older  and  more 
correct  orthography  of  Bridlington,  co. 
York. 

BURLS.     A  corruption  of  Bore),  Bnrrell. 

BURMAN.     The  same  as  Boreman. 


BURMISTER.      A     i 


nayor, 


or 


chief 


officer  of  a  borough  (Inirgiiuaguier'),  a  cor- 
ruption either  of  the  German  bui'gemeisfcr, 
the  Dutch  burgomaster,  the  Itussian  bour- 
mister,  or  the  Danish  borgeniester. 
BURN.  BURNS.  BURNE.  BURNES. 
BUPiNESS.  Known  variations  of  the  same 
name,  wliich  howe\'cr  may  have  seveial 


origins.  Sometimes  it  appears  to  be  equiva- 
lent to  Bourne,  and  in  the  North  a  small 
stream  is  still  called  a  bum.  In  Saxon 
times,  however,  it  seems  to  have  been  a  per- 
sonal name,  whence  Burneston,  Burnes- 
dale,  and  such-like  local  names.  In  the 
time  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  Godric  de 
Burues  was  a  great  landholder  in  Kent, 
and  his  posterity  continued  in  that 
CO.  for  several  centuries.  In  Scotland  the 
name  apyiears  in  early  records,  under  such 
various  forms  as  to  bafde  the  most  astute 
genealogist  in  any  attempt  to  deduce  a 
clear  pedigree.  It  is,  however,  within  recent 
generations  that  the  near  kinsmen  of  Robert 
Burns  have  varied  that  name  to  Bnrnes  and 
Burness.  See,  for  an  elaborate  account  of 
this  surname,  "  Notes  on  his  Name  and 
Family,  by  James  Bnrnes,  K.H.,  F.R.S." 
Edinburgli,  1851. 

BURNARD.     A  corruption  of  Bernard. 

BURNBY".     A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

BURNELL.  The  etymon  Is  uncertain, 
unless  it  be  a  diminutive  of  Brun.  The 
famil}',  who  gave  the  suffix  to  Acton  Bur- 
nell,  CO.  Salop,  are  found  in  England  so 
early  as  1087.     Dugdale. 

BURNETT.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Bernard ;  or  it  may  be,  by  a  transposition 
of  letters  not  uncommon,  the  Fr.  brunef, 
brownish,  tawny,  and  so  a  diminutive  of 
Browne.     2.  A  parish  in  Somersetshire. 

BURNEY.  Probably  the  same  as  Ber- 
naj',  which  see.  A  Ralph  de  Bernai  occurs 
in  the  Domesd.  of  Worcester  and  Here- 
ford. 

BURNHAM.  Parishes  In  cos.  Bucks, 
Essex,  Somerset,  Norfolk,  &c. 

BURNINGHAM.  Brlningliam,  co.  Nor- 
folk. 

BURNMAN.     See  Bourn  and  Man. 

BURNSIDE.  Ylllages  in  the  shires  of 
Fife,  Nairn,  and  Kincardine. 

BURNUP.  Probably  Burnhope,  a  local 
name. 

BURR.  Said  to  be  of  Dutch  extrac- 
tion. 

BURRELL.     Plain,    rude,    unpolished. 

'  Borel-clerks,'  lay  clerks;  '  borel-folks,'  lay- 
men.    The  Franklin  m  Chaucer  says  in  his 
prologue — 
"  But,  sires,  because  I  am  a  hovel  man, 

At  my  beginning  first  I  you  heseche 

Have  me  excused  of  my  rude  speche. 

1  lerncd  never  rhetoriUe  certain  ; 

Things  that  I  speke,  it  mote  he  bare  and  plain  ; 

I  slept  never  on  the  mount  of  Pernaso, 

No  lerncd  JIarcus  Tuliius  Cicero." 

The  following  quaint  passage,  written  temp. 
Elizabeth,  is  put  into  the  mouth  of  a  '  plow- 
man,' and  illustrates  a  feature  in  the  ar- 
rangements of  our  churches — the  rood-loft — 
interesting  to  ecclesiologists  : — 

"Wlien  Master  Paradin  began  his  speech  of  the 
crosse  he  wakened  me.  I  remember  well  when  it 
stooti  at  the  ujipcr  end  of  our  church  body  (nave)  and 
had  a  trim  loft  for  it,  witli  a  curten  drawne  before  it 
to  kecpe  it  warme  ;  yea,  zur,  zutch  was  the  time  then, 
that  ^Ye  borrcll  folic  were  taught  there  was  a  God 


BUS 


47 


BUT 


upon  it,  nnd  we  must  crcepe  many  a  time,  and  malte 
many  offerings  of  eggs  to  it  for  our  sinnes." — Feme's 
Blazon  of  Gentrie. — Lacie's  Nobilitic,  page  99. 

There  ai'e  however  other,  and  perhaps  more 
probable,  etymons  for  the  name.  Borel 
occurs  in  Domesd.  as  a  bai)tismal  name, 
and  a  township  in  Yorkshire  is  called 
Burrcl.  The  Baronet's  family  were  seated 
in  Northumlierland,  but  removed  into 
Devon  in  the  XIV.  and  into  Sussex  in  the 
XV.  century. 

•    BURRISri.     From  Burwasli,  co.  Sussex, 
still  locally  so  pronounced. 

BURROUGHS.     See  Burgh. 

BURRO  WES.     See  Burgh. 

BURROWS.     See  Burgh. 

BURSLEM.     A  town  in  StafTordshire. 

BURST  ALL.  Parishes  in  cos.  York  and 
Suffolk. 

BURSTER.  A  corruption  of  Biirstow, 
CO.  Surrey. 

BURT.  The  trivial  name  of  a  fish  ;  but 
the  surname  is  no  doubt  derived  from  the 
A-Sax.  beorht,  bright,  clear,  splendid.  The 
founder  of  the  family  was  probably  a 
"  shining  character."  Berte,  however,  is 
found  as  a  personal  name  in  H.E. 

BURTENSHAW.  Anciently  written 
Byrchenshaw,  i.  e.,  the  shaw  or  grove  of 
birch  trees. 

BURTON.  A  fortified  enclosure.  (A- 
Sax.).  Hence  the  names  of  no  less  than 
forty  parishes  and  places  in  England,  and 
hence  the  commonness  of  this  surname. 
The  B.'s  of  Longuer  are  deduced  from 
Boerton  or  Burton,  in  Condover,  co.  Salop, 
B.L.G. 

BURTWELL.  A  corruption  of  Bright- 
well. 

BURWASH.  A  parish  in  Sussex,  for- 
merly Burghersh,  whence  the  barons  of 
that  title. 

BURr.  Towns  and  places  in  cos.  Lan- 
caster, Suffolk,  Sussex,  &c.  See  also 
Burgh. 

BUSBRIDGE.  An  ancient  Sussex  family. 
Locality  unknown. 

BUSBY.    A  village  in  co.  Renfrew. 

BUSH.  See  Bysh.  This  word,  now 
applied  to  a  low  thick  tree,  formerly  meant 
a  whole  wood  or  grove  (sylva,  nemus),  and 
this  proper  sense  is  retained  in  America  and 
Australia.  Atte-Busche  therefore,  in  me- 
dieval writings,  is  equivalent  to  De  Bosco, 
while  the  singular  name  Cutbush  is  simply 
a  translation  of  Tailgebosch,  Tallebosc, 
(Taille-bois)  so  common  in  Domesd.  There 
is  nothing  clearer  in  the  etjinology  of  sur- 
names than  that  the  dissin^ilar  appellations 
Cutbush  and  Talboys  mean  one  and  the 
same  thing,  or  that  Bush  and  Boys  are 
identical. 

BUSIIBY.  A  hamlet  and  estate  at 
Thornby,  co.  Leicester, 


BUSHELL.  BUSSELL.  A  Norman 
family  who  supplied  the  afiix  of  Newton- 
Bushell,  CO.  Devon. 

BUSK.  Busch,  an  ancient  Swedish  family 
settled  at  Leeds  early  in  the  XVIIl.  cent, 
B.L.G. 

BUSS.  Ferguson  says  a  "  stout  man." 
A  Sivard  Buss  occurs  in  Domesd.  and  there 
were  Norsemen  and  Norsewomen  called 
respectively  Buss  and  Bussa.  Hence  M'ould 
come  the  0.  Norse  bustuDi,  burly — our  name 
Bustin.  Ferguson.  In  the  S.  of  Engl. 
Buss  is  a  conmion  nickname  of  Barnabas. 

BUSTARD,     See  Birds, 

BUSTIN,    See  Buss. 

BUSSEY,  Anciently  written  Buci,  Bussi, 
&c.,  probably  from  Boussei,  a  place  in  the 
arrondissement  of  Evreux,  in  Norraand3^ 
Rol.iert  de  Boci  was  a  tenant  in  chief  in  co. 
Northampt.  Domesd.  One  of  the  same 
family  gave  the  suffix  to  Kingston-Buci  or 
Bowsey,  co.  Sussex. 

BUSTER.  The  local  pronunciation  of 
Burstow,  in  Surrey. 

BUSWELL,     See  Boswell. 

BUTCHER.  The  occupation,  Le 
Bocher,  H.R.  Some  of  the  older  forms 
are  easilj'  confounded  with  Bourchier.  In 
ancient  times  this  was  a  title  of  honour 
bestowed  by  the  French  on  great  warriors  ! 
See  Eng.  Surn.  i.  121. 

BUTE.     A  great  island  of  Scotland. 

BUTLAND.  This  common  Devonshire 
name  is  ^H-obably  a  corruption  of  one  of  the 
many    places    called    Buckland    in    that 

county. 

BUTLER.  See  under  Botiler.  The 
origin  of  the  great  Irish  f\imily  of  Butler  is 
a  vexed  question.  They  have  been  va- 
riously deduced — from  Hen^eius,  a  com- 
panion of  William  the  Conqueror — from  the 
illustrious  De  Clares — and  from  a  brother 
of  Thomas  a  Becket.  Certain  it  is  that 
they  went  over  to  Ireland,  temp.  Henry  II., 
and  that  the  name  is  derived  from  the  oflice 
of  King's  Butler,  which  was  conferred  upon 
Theobald  surnamed  ?e  Boteler  by  that 
monarch  in  1177,  and  remained  hereditary 
in  his  descendants  for  many  genei-atioiis. 
The  head  of  the  family  claimed  prisage  and 
butlerage  for  all  wines  imported  into  Ire- 
land, and  it  was  not  until  1810  that  the 
claim  was  finally  surrendered,  for  the  valu- 
able consideration  of  £216,000. 

BUTLIN.     See  Boutevilein. 

BUTT.  But — the  name  of  several  places 
in  the  aiToudissement  of  Falaise. 

BUTTEMER.  Two  or  three  gener.ations 
since  was  written  Buttermer,  and  it  is  pre- 
sumed to  have  been  derived  from  a  famous 
northern  Lake. 

BUTTER.  Boterus  nnd  Botorus  are 
found  as  personal  names  in  Domesday. 

BUTTERICK.     See  Butterwick. 


BUZ 


48 


BYW 


BUTTERWICK.  Places  in  cos.  Durham, 
Lincoln,  York,  &c. 

BUTTERWORTII.  A  townsliip  in 
Lancashire. 

BUTTERY.  Probably  analogous  to 
Kitchen,  Chamber,  &c.  It  may  however  be 
a  corruption  of  Botreaux. 

BUTTON.  The  pedigree  of  the  Hamp- 
shire family  was  traced  to  the  XIII.  cent, 
as  De  Button;  and  as  it  was  sometimes 
spelt  Bitton  it  may  have  been  derived  from 
the  parish  of  Bitton,  co.  Gloucester.  In 
Sussex,  Burton  is  often  pronounced  Button. 

BUTTRESS.     A  corruption  of  Botreux. 

BUTTS.  The  marks  for  archery.  In 
old  times  all  corporate  to's\ms,  and  most 
parishes,  had  a  provision  for  this  sport,  and 
numerous  fields  and  closes  where  the  long 
bow  was  exercised  are  still  called  "  The 
Butts." 

BUTVELIN".     See  Boutevilein. 

B  UT WILLIAM.     See  Boutevilein. 

BUXTED.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

BUXTON.  Places  in  cos.  Derby,  Here- 
ford, and  Norfolk.  The  baronet  traces  to 
the  XV.  cent,  in  the  last-named  county. 
The  Buxtons  of  Derby,  in  the  XIII.  cent,, 
wrote  themselves  De  Bawkestone.   Lysous. 

BUZZACOT.      Probably     Buscot,     co. 

Berks. 
BUZZARD.  An  A-Norm.  family,  named 
Bosard  or    Bossard,    were    inliuential   in 
Bedfordshire  in  the  XIV.  cent.,  and  gave 
the  suffix  to  Leightou-Buzzard.  Lysons. 

BUZZY.     See  Bussey. 

g^°BY.  Avery  common  termination  of 
names  of  places  in  the  north  of  Eng- 
land, many  of  which  have,  of  course, 
given  names  to  families.  It  is  an  old 
Scandinavian  word  signifying  primarily 
a  farm-house  or  dwelling,  and  afterwards 
a  village  or  town.  It  is  found  only  in 
what  are  called  the  Danish  counties, 
and  particularly  in  Lincolnshire,  in 
which  there  are  no  less  than  212  places 
with  this  desinence.  See  "Worsaae's 
Danes  in  England,  which  contains 
some  curious  notes  respecting  it.  Seve- 
ral names  of  places  are  adduced  which 
seem  to  have  reference  to  the  particular 
nation  or  tril.ie  by  whom  those  places 
were  first  colonized,  viz  : — 

Romanby,  by  the  Romans. 

Saxby,  „  Saxons. 

Flemingsby  „  Flemings. 

Frisby  „  Frisians. 

Scotsby  „  Scots. 

Normanby  „  Normans. 

Danby  „  Danes,  &,c. 

Other  places  Avith  this  termination  are 
more  satisfactorily  attributed  to  indi- 
viduals; thus,  a  Northman  or  Dane 
called 

Rnllo,  or  Rolf,  gave  name  to  Rollcsby. 

Hacon  „        „       Ilaconby. 

Sweyn  „        „       Swainby. 

Thirkel  „        „       Tliirkelsby. 

Brand  ,,        „        Branilsby. 

Osgod  „       „      Osgodby,  cSic,  &c. 


And  these  compounds  have  in  tnrn  given  name 
to  as  many  families. 

As   a    surname.    By    is  probably   the 
shortest  we  possess. 

BYASS.  Bias  was  one  of  the  seven  sages 
of  Greece;  but  we  must  j^robably  look  for 
the  origin  of  this  name  in  an  unclassical 
corruption  from  Byhurst,  a  local  designa- 
tion ;  or  it  may  be  the  De  Bjais  of  theH.R. 

BYE.  See  by.  But  It  seems  also  to 
have  been  a  personal  name,  as  Fil.'  Bye 
occurs  in  H.R. 

BYERS.  The  chateau  of  Biars  in  the 
canton  of  Isigni,  La  Manche,  Normand}', 
had  lords  of  its  own  name,  temp.  Conq. 
De  Gerville.     Mem.  Soc.  Ant.  Norm.  1825, 

BYFIELD.  A  parish  in  co.  Northampton. 

BYFORD.     A  parish  In  Herts. 

BYGATE.     See  under  Gates. 

BY  GRAVE.     A  parish  in  Herts. 

BYGROVE.     See  Groves. 

BYNG.  From  the  occurrence  of  such 
compounds  as  Bingley,  Bingham,  Bing- 
field,  in  names  of  places,  it  is  highly  pro- 
bable that  Bing,  or  Byng,  was  an  ancient 
personal  name. 

BYRNE.  In  vScotland,  a  topographical 
exjircssion,  impljing  the  high  part  of  a 
farm  where  young  sheep  are  summered — or 
dry  heathy  pasture  forweanlings.  Celt,  ln'ijn, 
a  hill.  Jamieson.  The  Irish  family  of 
O'Byrne  claim  from  Hermon,  the  youngest 
son  of  Milesius.  B.L.G. 

BYRON.  The  poet's  ancestors  were  of 
unquestioned  Norman  origin.  Ernisius  de 
Burun  held  32  lordships  in  Yorkshire,  and 
Kalph  de  Burun,  13  in  Notts  and  Derby,  at 
the  compilation  of  Domesday.  Kelham. 
Others  derive  the  name  and  family  from  the 
town  of  Biron  in  Guienne. 

BYSH.  BYSSHE.  Aluric  Busch  (?  de 
Bosco)  was  a  Domesd.  tenant  in  co.  Herts. 
See  Cutbush  and  Bush.  In  some  medieval 
writings  "bishop"  is  thus  abbreviated. 

BYSSHOP.     See  Bishop. 

BYTIIESE  A.  The  gentry  family  of  this 
name  have  a  tradition  tliat  their  ancestor 
was  a  foundling,  and  that  he  obtained  his 
surname  from  tlie  place  where  he  M'as  dis- 
covered— "by  the  Sea."  It  is  far  likelier 
to  have  been  derived  from  residence  in 
such  locality.  At- Sea  is  a  coimnon  me- 
dieval name,  and  botli  correspond  with  the 
continental  De  la  Mer,  Delmar,  De  Meer, 
&c.,  as  well  as  with  the  Pelagius,  Pontius, 
&c.  of  antiquity. 

BYTHEWAY.     See  Way. 

BYTHEWOOD.  From  residence  near 
a  wood. 

BYVf  ATER.     See  Waters. 

BYWOOD.     Sec  Wood. 

BYWORTII.     A  manor  in  Petwortli,  co. 

Sussex. 


CAE 


49 


CAL 


c. 


i^ABBELL.  Probably  descended  from 
"  Jean  Cabibel  cy  devant  ministre  de 
Brassac,"  one  of  the  sevent3'-seven  French 
Protestant  refugee  ministers  who  signed 
the  Declaration  of  Faith  in  1G91  ;  penes  J. 
S.  Burn,  Esq.  There  is,  however,  a  Ki'cus 
Cabel  in  H.ll. 

CABBURN.  Cabourn,  a  pai-ish  in  Lin- 
colnshire. 

CABLE.  Probably  the  same  as  Caple  or 
Capel. 

CABOT.     See  Chabot. 

CADBURY.     Two  parishes   in  co.  So- 
merset. 

CADBY,  Cadeby,  places  in  cos.  Leices- 
ter and  York. 

CADE.  See  illustrations  of  this  name 
in  Bug.  Surn.  i.  112.  202.  Notwitlistand- 
ing  Sliakspeare's  allusion,  it  may  be 
doubted  whether  the  name  is  derived  from 
cade,  a  barrel.  Several  Cades  are  men- 
tioned in  H.R.  "Without  prefix. 

In  addition  to  what  I  have  said  {ul  sitp)-u)  respect- 
ing the  probable  residence  of  Jack  Cade,  the  arcli- 
rebel,  at  Ileathfield, co.  Sussex,!  may  mention  that  I 
have  seen  tlie  will  of  another  John  Cade  of  Heath- 
field,  whicii  was  proved  at  Lewes  so  latelv  as  the 
year  1600. 

CADELL.  CADDELL.  1.  (Welsh.) 
Warlike,  stout.  2.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Caldwell.  An  ancient  family,  Caldwell  of 
that  Ilk,  flourished  in  co.  Renfrew,  down 
to  the  ejid  of  the  XVII.  century. 

CADGER.     A    packman,    or    itinerant 

huckster.  According  to  Kenuett  "  a  cad- 
ger is  a  butcher,  miller,  or  carrier  of  an}' 
load."  Halliw. 

CADMAN.  A  maker  of  cades,  or  bar- 
rels.    Cademan,  H.R. 

CADXEY.     A  place  iii  Lincolnshire 

CADOGAN.  Earl  Cadogan's  family  de- 
duce from  the  princes  of  Powys  in  \Vales, 
some  of  whom  bore  the  baptismal  name  of 
Cadwgan  or  Kydwgan,  which,  by  the  suj)- 
pressiou  of  the  patron}Tnical  a^,  became  an 
hereditary  surname. 

j^"CAER.  CAR.  The  initial  syllable  of 
many  local  names,  which  have  become 
surnames,  especiallj'  in  Scotland  and 
Cornwall.  Jt  is  a  Celtic  word  signify- 
ing "  an  artificial  military  strength, 
whether  fort  or  castle." 

CAESAR  The  celebrated  Sir  Julius 
Ca3sar,  master  of  the  rolls,  temp.  James  I., 
was  son  of  one  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  phy- 
sicians, who  according  to  Fuller's  Worthies, 
(ii.  326)  was  descended  from  the  ancient 
family  of  tlie  Dalmarii  in  Italy.  In  the 
epitaph  on  Sir  Julius  Caisar,  written  b}' 
himself,  and  formerly  existing  at  Great  St. 
Helen's,  in  London,  he  is  styled  "  Julius 
H 


Dalmare,  alias  Caesar."  But  according  to 
a  more  recent  authority  the  original  family 
name  was  Adelmare.  Peter  Maria  Adel- 
mare  of  Treviso,  near  Venice,  L.L.D.,  had  a 
son,  CfKsar  Adelmare,  M.D.,  who  settled  in 
England  in  1550.  This  gentleman  had 
several  sons,  one  of  whom  received  the 
baptismal  name  of  Julius  ;  this  was  the  ce- 
lebrated Sir  Julius,  who  adopted  his  father's 
prajnomcn  as  a  fixed  surname  for  his  fa- 
mily. Lodge's  Life  of  Sir  Julius  Caesar. 
The  name  still  exists  in  the  county  of 
Surrey,  principally  in  humble  life.  See 
anecdotes  in  Eug.  Sum.,  vol.  i.,  page  209.  A 
correspondent  at  Godalming  writes  :  "  We 
have  here  more  than  one  Julius  Ca?sar ;  in 
fact,  we  ha^■e  twelve  Cresars,  all  of  one 
family.  Julius  Ca3sar,  the  younger,  is  a 
noted  cricketer,  and  one  of  the  Eleven  of  All 
England." 

CAFE.  Perhaps  from  Scot,  caif,  tame, 
familiar. 

CAFFII^.  Fr.  chaiive,  from  Latin  cahus, 
bald.  Hence  the  name  of  the  great  Pro- 
testant reformer,  Calvin.  The  fonns  in  the 
H.R.  are  Le  Cauf,  Oiauf,  Chaufyn.  An 
eminent  example  of  the  application  of  this 
sobriquet  is  in  Charles  the  Bald,  King  of 
France. 

CAGER.     See  Cadger. 

CAILEY.    CAILAY.    See  Cayley. 

C\m.     Gael.  Beloved. 

CAINE.     See  Cane. 

CAINS.     See  Keynes. 

CAIRD.  A  Gipsy;  a  travelling  tinker  ; 
a  sturdy  beggar.  Jamieson. 

CAIRN.  "  Any  locality,  stream,  or 
mountain,  designated  from  a  cairn  or  an- 
cient sepulchral  tumulus."     Gaz.  Scotl. 

CAISTOR.  CAISTER.  A  town  in  Lin- 
colnshire and  two  parishes  in  Norfolk  are 
so  called. 

CAKEBREAD.  Seems  to  belong  to  the 
same  category  as  Whitbread,  Wastel,  &c. 

CAKEPEN.  One  Wm.  C,  a  baJier,  ap- 
pears in  the  early  records  of  Lewes  Prior}'. 

CALCOTE.  CALCUTT.  Contractions 
of  Caldecott,  q.  v. 

CALCOTT.   A  contraction  of  Caldecott. 

CALDECOTT.  There  are  many  local- 
ities in  England  bearing  this  name,  and 
there  is  also  a  Caude-Cote  in  Normandy. 
Like  Cold-Harbour,  about  which  so  much 
has  been  written,  the  Caldecots  are  said  to 
lie  principally  in  the  vicinity  of  Roman 
roads.  "  It  is  a  singular  fact,"  says  the 
Rev.  John  Taddy.  "that  wherever  we  have 
traces  of  a  Roman  road,  we  find  hamlets 
in   the  near  neighbourhood  of  it  of  the 


CAL 


50 


CAM 


name  of  Caldecott.  I  could  quote  abun- 
dance of  such."  Papers  of  tlie  Architect. 
Soc.  of  Northamptou,  York,  Lincoln,  and 
Bedford,  Vol.  II.,  page  429.  The  Calde- 
cotts  of  Rugby  claim  from  Calcot  or  Cal- 
decote,  co.  Chester,  of  which  place  their 
ancestors  were  mesne  lords  in  the  time  of 
the  Conqueror.  B.L.G. 

CALDELOUERD.  This  singnlarname 
of  Le  Caldcloucrd  is  found  in  the  H.R.  Qu  : 
'the  called  Lord,' a  sobriquet. 

CALDER,  signifying  a  wooded  stream,  is 
a  name  liorne  by  several  small  rivers  and 
streams,  and  hy  places  on  their  banks  in 
Scotland. 

CALDERWOOD.     See  Calder. 

CALDWELL.  "  The  cold  well."  Seve- 
ral localities  in  various  counties  are  so  de- 
signated. 

CALE.     CAIL.    CALLIN.     CALKIN. 

Api^arently  derivatives  of  some  personal 
name — p)Ossibly  Charles. 

CALEY.  See  Cayley.  The  ILR.  hoAv- 
ever  show  us  Le  Caly  and  Le  Calj'e — appa- 
rently denoting  some  employment. 

CALF.  CALFE.  An  island  of  Argyle- 
shire. 

CALHOUN.  A  contraction  of  Colqn- 
houn. 

CALISHER.  A  correspondent  suggests 
'Calaiser,'  a  man  of  Calais. 

CALL.  I.  Probably  IMacall,  by  the  sup- 
pression of  the  first  two  letters.  See  Art. 
Mac.  2.  A-Sax.  call((,  the  same  as  carl  or 
ceorl,  a  man.    Ferguson.     Calle.  H.R. 

CALLAGHAN.     CALLAHAN.      The 

Irish  O'Callaghan, 

CALLANDER.  CALLENDER.  A  kind 
of  lark  was  so  called  ;  but  a  likelier  deriva- 
tion is  from  calenderer,  a  pressor  of  cloth 
— a  trade  still  existing. 

"  I  am  a  linen-draper  bold, 
As  all  the  world  dotli  luiow, 
And  my  good  friend,  the  Calender, 
Will  lend  his  horse  to  go." 

John  Gilpin. 

The  name  is  also  local,  from  places  in  the 
shires  of  Perth,  Stirling,  &c. 

CALLAWAY.  A  corruption  of  Gallo- 
way ? 

CALLER.  One  who  drives  oxen  or 
horses  under  the  yoke.  Jamieson. 

CALLEY.  The  Calleys  of  AVilts  deduce 
fi'om  Norfolk.  I  find  no  locality  so  de- 
nominated, and  the  family  may  possibly 
spring  from  the  Scottish  M'Caulays. 

CALLOW.  Places  in  cos.  Hereford  and 
Derby. 

CALMADY.  The  family  are  said  to  be 
lineally  descended  from  John  C.  of  Calma- 
dy,  1460.     The  name  is  therefore  local. 

CALMAN.  Identical  with  the  old 
Scandinavian  Kalman,  and  the  Frankish 
Carloman.  Ferguson.     Calemau.  H.R. 


CALTIIORPE.  The  ancestors  of  Lord 
C.  assumed  the  name  from  Calthorpe,  co. 
Norfolk,  temp.  Hen.  III.,  and  they  are 
said  to  have  been  resident  there  from  the 
time  of  the  Conquest.  Courthope's  De- 
brett. 

CALTHROP.  See  Calthorpe.  The  C.'s 
of  Gosberton  claim  descent,  (collateral  it  is 
to  be  presumed,)  from  A\^alter  de  C,  bishop 
of  Norwich,  in  the  XIII.  cent. 

CALTON.  Places  in  cos.  Stafford  and 
York,  and  suburbs  of  Edinburgh  and 
Glasgow. 

CALVARY.  ]\Iany  monastic  establish- 
ments had  within  their  ambit  an  elevated 
mound  representing  the  supposed  'mount' 
Calvary,  the  scene  of  our  Lord's  Passion. 
A  spiral  path  leading  to  its  summit  was 
called  "  the  way  of  the  cross,"  (ria  crucis,') 
and  hither  on  Good  Fridays  a  large  crucifix 
was  borne  in  procession  by  the  monks,  and 
fixed  upon  the  summit.  A  fine  example  of 
a  calcary  exists  at  Lewes  Priory.  The  sur- 
name was  probably  derived  from  residence 
near  such  a  spot. 

CALVER.     A  hamlet  in  Derbyshire. 

CALVERLEY.  John  Scott  came  into 
England  in  the  suite  of  the  Princess  Maud 
of  Scotland,  on  her  marriage  with  King 
Henry  I.,  and  acquired  the  estate  of  Cal- 
vcrlcy,  CO.  York,  whence  he  adopted  the 
surname,  and  Avhcre  he  was  resident  in 
113(i.  From  him  descended  a  right  knightly 
progeny. 

CALVERT.  The  baronet's  family  trace 
to  a  Mr.  C,  who  was  minister  of  AndoA'cr, 
CO.  Hants,  in  the  XVI.  cent.,  and  probably 
of  French  extraction. 

CALWAY.     See  Callaway. 

CAI\r.  Rivers  in  cos.  Cambridge  and 
Gloucester.     Del  Cam,  and  De  Cam.  H.R. 

CAMBER.  1.  A  place  in  E.  Sussex. 
2.  An  ancient  form  of  Comber.  3.  A- 
Norm.,  a  brewer.  Kelham. 

CAjMBRAY.  The  well-known  city  of 
the  Netherlands.  De  Cambreye.  PI.R. 

CAMDEN.  The  great  antiquary,  "the 
Nourice  of  Antiquitie,"  was  descended 
from  a  plebeian  family  in  Statiordsbire. 
Noble's  Coll.  of  Arms.  Tlie  name  may 
have  been  originally  taken  from  Campden, 
CO.  Gloucester.  Tlie  house  in  which  Wil- 
liam Camden  lived,  at  Chiselhurst  co. 
Kent,  is  called  Camden  I'lace,  and  from  it 
the  Marquis  Camden  derives  his  title. 

CAiNIERON.  In  an  ancient  manuscript 
history  of  this  valorous  Highland  clan,  it 
is  said :  "  The  Camerons  have  a  tradition 
among  them,  that  they  are  originally  des- 
cended of  a  younger  sou  of  the  royal 
family  of  Denmark,  who  assisted  at  the 
restoration  of  king  Fergus  II.,  anno  404. 
He  was  called  Cameron  from  his  crool'cd 
nose,  which  that  word  imports.  But  it  is 
more  prolialile  that  they  are  of  the  ancient 
Scots   or   Caledoniaus    that  first   planted 


CAM 


51 


CAN 


the  country."  Skene,  in  his  Highlanders 
of  Scotland,  (ii.  1U3,)  agrees  to  the  Celtic 
derivation ;  but  it  must  be  remembered 
that  in  the  Lowland  county  of  Fife  there  is 
a  considerable  parish  so  called,  which 
would  discountenance  this  opinion.  Ko- 
bertus  de  Cambrun,  dominus  de  Balegre- 
nach  swore  fealty  to  Edw.  I.  at  Perth  in 
1296. 

CAjSOIEL.  Two  parishes  in  co.  Somer- 
set.    Sometimes  a  corruption  of  Campbell. 

CAMMIS.     The  same  as  Camoys. 

CAMOYS.  The  fair  daughter  of  Chau- 
cer's Miller  of  Trompington  is  described  as 
having  a  "camoys  nose,"  by  which  it  ap- 
jiears  we  are  to  understand  an  organ  of  the 
"  snub"  or  retrousse  species.  Halliwell 
says,  "  Camoise,  crooked,  flat,  (A-Norm.) 
Also  spelt  camusc.  The  word  is  generally 
applied  to  a  nose."  But  the  baronial  fa- 
mily used  the  territorial  "  De,"  as  early  as 
temp.  Henry  III.,  and  they  were  most  pro- 
bably surnamed  from  some  locality  in  Nor- 
mandy. 

CAMP.  Aluric  Camp  or  Campa  Avas  a 
Domesd.  tenant  in  the  eastern  counties. 
Kelham  supposes  that  he  was  a  champion  ; 
but  he  had  held  under  Edward  the  Confessor, 
and,  as  Ellis  observes,  the  offtce  of  cham- 
pion does  not  occur  so  early.  It  is  doubt- 
less connected  with  Kemp,  which  see.  In 
Selkirkshire,  camj)  still  means  "  brisk,  ac- 
tive, spirited."  Jamieson. 

CAI\rPBELL.  The  Campbells'  claim  to 
a  Norman  origin  is  said  to  be  unfounded. 
It  is  based  upon  the  presumed  existence  of 
a  Norman  family  called  De  Campo  Bello. 
Skene  says  that  no  such  name  is  found, 
though  the  Beauchamps  did  most  certainly 
so  latinize  themselves.  The  oldest  spelling 
(that  in  Ragman  Roll,  A.D.  1296)  is  Cambel 
or  Kanibel.  The  two  great  branches  of  the 
familj^  were  distinguished  as  Mac-Arthur 
and  Mac-Cailinmor.  Skene,  Scott.  High.  ii. 
280.  If  the  De  Campo  Bello  theory  were 
true,  the  name  would  be  a  synonym  of 
Beauchamp  and  Fairfield.  The  name  is 
deduced  by  Gaelic  ethnologists  from  cam- 
heul  (pronounced  cam-pal)  which  means 
"  crooked  mouth."  Whether  the  family  be 
of  Norman  or  of  Gaelic  origin,  the  clan 
bearing  their  name  are  the  most  numerous 
and  powerful  in  the  Highlands,  and  for- 
merly, under  their  chiefs,  the  earls,  mar- 
quises, and  dukes  of  Argyle,  they  could 
muster  5000  fighting  men,  who  were  gene- 
rally arrayed  against  the  Stuart  family.  It 
is  to  their  superior  influence  and  power, 
and  the  dread  of  them  by  other  clans,  that 
we  probably  owe  the  disparaging  proverb, 

"  LIKJE  A  CAMPBELL,  EVER  FAIK  AND 
FALSE."  By  the  Highlanders  the  clan 
Campbell  are  called  "  Clan  Duine."  and 
their  chiefs  have  always  been  styled  Mac- 
Calean-Mohr  (not  Mac-Callum  More  as  Sir 
Walter  Scott  has  it,)  i.  e.  "  the  son  of  Colin 
the  Great,"  in  memory  of  their  distinguish- 
ed ancestor,  Sir  Colin  Campbell  of  Lochow, 
who  in  the  XIII.  cent,  laid  the  foundation 
of  the  greatness  of  his  family.     This  name 


is  abundant  in  the  province  of  Ulster.  "  It 
is  somewhere  recorded,  that  a  Scotch  regi- 
ment, quartered  at  Carrickfergus  in  the 
XVII.  century,  contained  no  less  than  110 
John  Campbells."  Ulster  Journ.  of  Archae- 
ology. No.  20. 

CAMPER.     A-Sax.  cempa,  a  combatant. 

CAMPIN.     The  same  as  Campion. 

CAI\IPION.  A  champion.  Ital.  campione. 
0.  Eng.  and  Scot,  camj/unin.  See  Kemp. 
The  C.'s  of  Danny  were  of  Campion's  Hall, 
CO.  Essex,  temp.  Edw.  II.  The  forms  of 
orthography  in  H.R.  are  Campion,  Le  Cam- 
pioun,  Campiown,  Le  Campiun,  Campyun, 
&c. 

CAMPKIN.  CAMKIN".  Probably  a 
diminutive  of  Camp  or  Kemp — a  combatant 
or  fighting  man. 

CAMPS.  Many  localities  where  Roman, 
Saxon,  or  other  ancient  earthworks  exist 
are  so  called. 

CANCELLOR.  The  same  as  Chancellor, 
Lat.  cancellarius.     Le  Canceler.  H.R. 

CANDLEMAKER.     The  trade. 

CANDLER.     See  Chandler. 

CANDY.     An  island  in  Essex. 

CANE.  Cane,  Cana,  or  Canus,  appears 
in  the  Domesd.  of  Sussex,  as  a  baptismal 
name,  and  as  a  surname  it  is  still  foinid  in 
tliat  county.     See  Eng.  Surn.,  i.  29. 

CANEY.    Probably  the  same  as  Cheyney. 

CANN.     A  parish  of  Dorset. 

CANNING.  Probably  from  Cannings, 
CO.  "Wilts,  (Bishop's  Cannings).  The  two 
viscounts,  Canning  and  Stratford  de  Red- 
cliffe,  are  descended  from  W.  Cannynges, 
the  pious  founder  of  St.  Mary  Redclifife, 
Bristol,  in  the  XV.  cent. 

CANNON.  A  canon,  a  member  of  an  ec- 
clesiastical order.  See  Ecclesiastical  Sur- 
names. In  the  H.R.  Le  Cannon,  Le  Canon, 
Canoun.  There  is  a  place  called  Canon, 
near  Lisieux  in  Normand3^ 

CANOCHSON.  Canock  is  the  Gaelic 
Corimich  or  Kenneth,  and  hence  Canoclison 
is  a  translation  of  Mac  Corimich,  which  is 
the  same  as  Mac  Kengyie — the  old  form  of 
Mac  Kenzie. 

CANON.     CANNAN.     See  Cannon. 

CANT.  1.  Germ,  kante,  a  corner,  edge, 
coast — a  local  name  radically  equivalent  to 
Kent.     2.  Strong ;  hearty  ;  lusty.     Halliw. 

CANTALUPE.  This  ancient  Norman 
family,  renowned  for  having  produced  a 
Saint  (Thomas  C,  bishop  of  Hereford  1275) 
was  seated  in  early  times  at  Hempston- 
Cantilupe,  co.  Devon.  The  heiress  married 
Sir  Thomas  de  AVest,  ancestor  of  the  Earl 
de  le  Warr,  whose  second  title  is  Viscount 
Cantalupe.  There  are  several  jjlaces  in 
Nonnandy  called  Canteloup.  Canteleu,  &c., 
but  from  which  of  them  the  surname  is 
derived  is  not  positively  certain,  though  M. 
de  Gerville  says,  it  is  the  parish  of  Chante- 


CAR 


52 


CAR 


loup,  in  the  canton  of  Brclial,  in  Lower 
Noi-mandy.  Mem.  Soc.  Ant.  Normandie. 
The  surname  has  been  spelt  in  a  variety  of 
modes,  as  Cantelo,  Cantelou,  Cantelhope, 
Canteloy,  Chantelo,  Cantalupe,  Cante- 
lupe,  Cantilupe,  Cantulupe,  &c. 

CANTELO.     See  Cantalupe. 

CANTER.  Lat.  cantor.  A  precentor  or 
chanter. 

CANTLE.  Probably  the  same  as  Cant, 
or  its  diminutive. 

CANTON.  Fr.  A  territorial  division  or 
district. 

CANTOR.  Lat.  a  singer ;  a  precentor 
in  a  church,  still  so  styled  in  cathedral 
churches. 

CANTRELL.     CANTRILL.    Probably 

Low  Lat.  cantercllns — "  the  little  singer." 

CANUTE.     The  Danish  personal  name. 

CAPEL.  The  Earl  of  Essex  descends 
from  a  lord-mayor  of  London,  1503.  The 
surname  is  proliably  deri\'ed  from  one  of 
the  parishes  so  called  in  Surrey,  Kent,  and 
Suffolk.  The  Capels  of  Gloucestershire 
claim  from  How  Capel,  co.  Hereford.  In 
charters  it  is  latinized  De  Capella. 

CAPELIN.  Synonymous  with  Chaplin, 
which  see. 

CAPERN.  CAPEROUN.  See  Quaife. 
In  H.R.  Caperun. 

CAPLIN.     See  Chaplin. 

CAPP.  CAPPS.  Probably  borrowed 
from  that  article  of  costume.  See  under 
Quaife,  I\Iantell,  Freemantle,  &c.  &c. 

CAPPELL.     See  Capel. 

CAPPER.  \.  A  maker  of  caps.  2.  Ap- 
parently,  says  Jamieson,  a  cup-bearer — a 
person  in  the  list  of  the  king's  household 
servants.    Le  Cappere.     H.R. 

CAPPUR.     See  Capper. 

CAPRON.     See  Caperoun. 

£^°CAR.     See  under  Cornish  Suexajpes. 

|^"CAR.     See  Caer. 

CARADOC.  Lord  Howden  claims 
descent  from  Caradoc  and  the  princes  of 
Wales.  Peerage.     See  Cradock. 

CARD.     The  same  as  Caird,  which  see. 

CARDEN.  CARDON.  ^Villiam  Cardon 
or  Cardun  appears  in  the  Domesd.  of  Essex, 
as  one  of  the  homines  of  Geoffrey  de  Mag- 
naville.  A  township  in  Cheshire  bears  the 
name  of  Garden. 

CARDER.  One  who  dresses  wool,  so 
called   from  the  card  or  comb  which   he 

uses. 

CARDINALL.  See  Ecclesiastical  Sur- 
names. There  is  a  family  of  Cardinali  in 
Italy. 

CARD]\L\KER.  A  maker  of  cards,  in- 
struments with  wire  teeth,  with  which  wool 
is  '  teased  '  or  worked. 


CARE.     CARES.     Probably  the  same  as 
Carr  or  Kerr. 

CARELESS.     A  well-known  corruption 
of  Carlos. 

CAREW.  The  Carews  of  Wales,  Corn- 
wall, &c.,  are  descended  from  Gerald  de 
Carrio,  called  by  Giraldus  Cambrensis  (his 
relative)  Gerald  de  Windsor  and  Fitz-Walter, 
who  was  castellan  of  Pembroke  castle  under 
Arnulf  de  Montgomery.  He  married  Nest, 
a  concubine  of  King  Henry  I.,  and  had  two 
sons;  William  Fitzgerald,  the  progenitor  of 
the  Carews,  and  Maurice  who  accompanied 
Strongbow  into  Ireland,  and  founded  the 
FitzGeralds,  Geraldines,  and  Geralds  of 
that  country.  Gent.  Mag.,  May,  1829. 
Carew  castle  is  near  Milford  Haven. 
Carey  is  said  to  be  another  form  of  this 
name,  which  circ.  1300  was  spelt  De  Carru. 

CAREY.  The  Carews  of  the  West  of 
England  pronounce  their  name  as  if  written 
Carey,  and  hence  the  surnames  have  been 
accounted  identical.  See  Anecdote  in  Eng. 
Sum.  ii.  30.     See,  however,  CarJ^ 

CARGILL.     A  parish  in  Perthshire. 

CARL.  CARRAL.  CARLIN.  Foreign 
modifications  of  Carolus,  Charles. 

CARLE.  A-Sax.  ceorl,  a  man,  a  rustic, 
a  stout  man.  Carl  is  used  in  all  these 
seuses  in  Scotland.     Also  see  under  Caryll. 

CARLEILL.     See  Carlisle. 

CARLEY.  Scot,  carlie,  a  little  man— 
a  diminutive  of  earl.  Jamieson.  Perhaps 
however  local. 

CARLISLE.  CARLYLE.  The  city  in 
Cumberland. 

CARLOS.  CARLOSS.  A  corruption  of 
Carolus,  Charles. 

CARLTON.  CARLETON.  The  Eng- 
lish gazetteer  shows  twenty-two  parishes, 
townships,  &c.  so  called,  and  there  are 
many  others.  Lord  Dorchester's  family 
deduce  from  Carleton,  co.  Cumberland. 

CARLYON.  An  estate  near  Truro, 
Cornwall,  in  which  co.  tlie  family  have  long 
been  eminent. 

CARIMAN.  Not  so  likely  from  the  occu- 
pation, as  from  residence  at  a  Carr.  See 
Carr  and  Man.  More  probal  vie  than  either, 
is  its  derivation  from  the  personal  name 
Carman,  mentioned  in  Domesd. 

CARMICPIAEK    CARMICIIEL.     An 

ancient  barony  and  parish  in  co.  Lanark, 
possessed  by  the  family  in  the  XII.  cent., 
and  probably  even  earlier.  From  thence 
the  l\\mily  of  C.  of  Carspherne,  in  the 
ste\\artry  of  Kircudbright,  are  presumed 
to  have  sprung.  For  the  genealogy  of  the 
latter  family,  see  Knowles's  Gen.  of  Coult- 
hart. 

CARjNIINOAY.  a  manor  and  barton  in 
the  parish  of  St.  ]\Iawgan,  co.  Cornwall. 
In  the  XIV.  century  there  was  a  remark- 
able controversy  in  the  Court  of  Chivalry, 
or   Earl    jMarshal's    Court,   touching    the 


CAR 


53 


CAR 


right  of  bearing  the  coat-amiorial, 
"Azure,  a  bend  Or,"  which  was  claimed 
bj'  the  tliree  families  of  Scrope,  Grosveuor, 
and  Carniinow.  In  the  course  of  the 
pleadings,  Carminow  averred  that  these 
had  been  the  ensigns  of  the  Garminows 
ever  since  the  daj's  of  King  Arthur  1  and 
moreover  that  one  of  his  ancestors  bearing 
these  arms  had  been  ambassador  from 
king  Edward  the  Confessor  to  either  the 
French  king  or  the  duke  of  Normandy. 
To  this  it  was  replied  on  the  part  of  Scrope, 
tliat  in  case  the  ancestor  alluded  to 
"  lived  at  Carmenow  before  the  Norman 
Conquest,  those  arms  could  not  1)C  appro- 
priated to  him  by  the  name  of  De  Carme- 
now, for  it  n-as  nut  the  custom  of  the  Jiri- 
tom  till  about  a  hundred  years  after  to  style 
thi'mselres from  local jil/iecs.  with  the  Latin 
j)rej)osition  or  j^'ft'ticlc  Dc,  after  the  manner 
of  the  French;  but  before  were  generally 
distinguished  by  the  names  John-Slac-Itich- 
ard,  Riehard-3fac-27io>nas,  llobert-Ap- 
Jlaljjh,  c^'c,  that  isto  say,  the  sn7i  of  Richard, 
Thomas,  and  Ralph,  according  to  their 
lineal  descents."  Hals,  iuD.  Gilbert's  Corn- 
wall, iii.,  pp.  130,  131.  I  may  add,  that 
Carminow  was  nonsuited,  and  compelled 
to  make  the  addition  of  a  "  Label  of  three 
points  Gules"  to  his  previous  coat,  "and 
was  so  distasted  therewith  that  he  chose 
for  the  motto  of  this  new  bearing  arms,  a 
Cornish  sentence,  which  abundantly  ex- 
pressed his  dislike  thereof:  CALA  rag 
GER  DA — id  est,  "A  Straw  for  Fame !" 
Ibid. 

CARNABY.     A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

CARNACIIA^^  Said  to  be  derived 
from  tlie  Gael,  carnach,  a  heathen  priest. 

CARNE.  The  Carnes  of  Nash,  co.  Gla- 
morgan, "  descend  in  an  unbroken  line 
from  Ynyr,  king  of  Gweut,  brother  of 
Ithel,  who  was  slain  in  846.  His  great- 
grandson,  Thomas  o'r  Came,  was  brought 
up  at  Pen-carne,  whence  he  was  named 
Carne."  Such  is  the  statement,  which 
may  pass  quant,  val.,  in  B.L.G. 

CARNEGIE.  The  first  of  the  earl  of 
Northesk's  family  on  record,  is  Duthac  de 
C.  1410.  The  locality  does  not  appear  in 
the  Gaz.  of  Scotland. 

CARNELL.  jNIay  be  a  local  name  en- 
ding in  WELL,  with  the  W  suppi-essed. 
There  was  however  a  bird  so  called,  (see 
Eng.  Surn.) — apparently  a  kind  of  lark. 
See  Halliw.  in  voc.  Calander. 

CARNSEW.     See  under  Carveth. 

CARPENTER.  The  well-known  trade. 
Domcsd.  mentions  several  tenants  in  cliief 
under  the  name  of  Carpentarii. 

CARR,  Collins  (Peerage,  edit.  1768,  v. 
S3,)  remarks  that  "  the  Cars  or  Kers  are 
undoubtedly  a  very  ancient  people  in  this 
island,  but  it  is  uncertain  whether  they  be 
of  French  or  English  extraction.  Those 
who  contend  for  the  former,  allege  that 
the  baron  Ker  and  other  families  of  his 
name  now  existing  in  France,  trace  their 
origin  higher  than  the   time  of  William, 


duke  of  Normandy,  who,  being  attended 
by  a  considerable  commander  of  their 
name  in  lOGG,  rewarded  him  for  his  bra- 
very and  conduct  with  divers  possessions 
in  the  north  of  England.  .  .  .  The  Cars  of 
England  and  France  have  the  same  armo- 
rial bearings,  viz..  Gules,  on  a  cheveron  Ar- 
gent, 3  midlets  of  the  First.  Others  are  of 
opinion  that  the  surname  is  local,  and  was 
at  first  assumed  b}'  the  owners  of  the  lands 
and  baronies  of  Car  and  Carshall  in  Lan- 
cashire." The  Scottish  Kers  bear  their 
arms  of  different  tinctures  from  those  of 
England  and  France ;  and  Collins  adds, 
that  some  are  of  opinion  that  they  are 
"  Aborigines,  and  endeavour  to  support 
their  conjecture  bj-  affirming  the  surname 
to  be  Gaelic  or  Celtic."  They  were  nume- 
rous and  flourisliing  temp.  Alexander  III. 
A.D.  1249.  I  think  it  highly  probable  that 
this  monosyllabic  name  may  be  traced  to 
several  local  sources.  A  car  in  various 
dialects  signifies  "a  wood  or  grove  on  a 
moist  soil,  generally  of  alders.  Any  hollow 
place  or  marsh  is  also  called  a  car."  In 
Anglo-Saxon,  on  the  contrary,  it  means  a 
lock.  Again  in  Lincolnshire  it  signifies  a 
gutter.  Halliwell.  Once  more,  the  Celtic 
caer  means  a  fortification,  and  '  carr'  is 
applied  in  various  districts  to  a  place  where 
some  castle  or  earthwork  has  existed. 

CARRIAGE.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Carr- Edge,  or  some  similar  local  name. 

CARRERE.     O.  Fr.  and  Eng.  a  quarry. 

CARRICK.     \.  In  Scotl.  a  crag  or  craig 
— any  rocky  locality.     2.  The  southern  dis- 
trict of  Ayrshire  is  so  called. 

CARRIER.     Originally  a  messenger. 

CARRINGTON.  Places  in  cos.  Chester 
and  Lincoln. 

CARROLL.  1.  Possibly  from  the  ro- 
mantic rock  so  called  in  co.  Sutherland. 
2.  A  modification  of  Carolus,  Charles. 

CARRUTHERS.  A  hamlet  in  the  pa- 
rish of  Middlebie,  co.  Dumfries. 

CARSE.  A  Scot,  topographical  expres- 
sion, probal.ily  meaning  a  low  alluvial  tract 
near  a  river,  as  the  Carse  of  Gowrie,  of 
Forth,  of  Falkirk,  &c. 

CARSON.     Probably  Charles's  son. 

CAR  STAIRS.     A  parish  in  Lanarkshire. 

CARSWELL.  A  parish  united  with 
Buclvland,  co.  Berks. 

CARTER.  The  occupation — a  driver  of 
carts.  In  medieval  documents  Carectariua 
and  Le  Carectar, 

CARTERET.  A  parish  adjoining  Bar- 
neville,  in  the  arrondissement  of  Valognes, 
in  Normandy,  immediately  opposite  to 
Jersey.  Its  seigneur  took  part  in  the 
Conquest  of  England,  10C6.  The  Jersey 
family  left  the  parent  stock  in  the  reign  of 
Philip  Augustus,  and  another  descendant 
was  created  Lord  Carteret  in  England.  Do 
Gerville,  in  Mem.  Soc.  Antiq.  Normandie. 
1825. 


CAS 


54 


CAT 


CARTHEW.  "  The  name  is  local,  com- 
pounded of  Car-dew,  or  C:ir-tliew,  i.e.  Eock 
Black  in  this  parish."  (St.  Issey.)  Hals, 
in  D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall,  ii  255.  '  Caer- 
dhu'  would  rather  signify  in  Celtic,  the 
black  castle  or  fortification.  The  family 
were  eminent  in  Cornwall  temp.  Edw.  II. 

CARTIER.     Fr.  chartier,     A  carter. 

CARTMAN.     The  same  as  Carter. 

CARTJNIEL.     A  town  in  Lancashire. 

CARTTAR.  A  whimsical  orthography 
of  Carter. 

CART  WRIGHT.     See  under  Wright. 
CARTY.     The  Irish  M'Carthy. 
CARVER.     The  occupation. 

CARVETH.     Carverth  or    Carveth,  an 

estate  in  the  parish  of  Mabe,  co.  Cornwall, 
The  family  originally  bore  the  name  of 
Thorns.  "  Those  gentlemen,  from  living  at 
Carveth  or  Carverth  in  Mabe,  were  trans- 
nominated  from  Thoms  to  Carverth;  as 
another  family  of  those  Thorn ses,  from 
living  at  Carnsew  in  the  said  parish,  were 
transnominated  to  Carnsew ;  and  there  are 
.some  deeds  yet  extant,  dated  temp. 
Henry  VIII.  which  will  evidence  the  truth 
of  this  fact,  as  Mr.  Carverth  told  me." 
Hals,  in  D.  Gilbert's  Cornw.  ii.  94. 

GARWOOD.     A  parish  in  Salop. 

CARY.  See  Carey.  "  The  ancient  fa- 
mily of  Gary  derives  its  surname  from  the 
manor  of  Cary  or  Kari,  as  it  is  called  in 
Doomsday  Book,  lying  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Giles-on-tlie  Heath,  near  Launceston." 
B.L.G.  See  Carew. 

CARYLL.  CARELL.  Carle  was  an 
under-tenant  in  Sussex  before  Domesday, 
and  about  the  XV.  century  the  name  begins 
to  appear  among  the  gentry  of  that  county. 
A  more  likely  derivation,  however,  is  from 
Carel  in  the  arrondissement  of  Lisieux  in 
Normandy. 

CASE.  This  name  is  found  in  the  H.R. 
and  may  be  the  Anglo-Norman  cas, 
chance,  hazard — probably  with  reference 
to  the  char.acter,  or  some  incident  in 
the  life,  of  the  first  person  who  bore  it. 
So  Hazai'd  has  become  a  family  name.  A 
family  in  Devonshire  thus  designated  ac- 
count for  it  by  a  tradition  that,  about  two 
hundred  years  since,  a  foundling  was  laid 
at  the  door  of  a  certain  gentleman,  to 
whom  popular  scandal  attributed  its  pa- 
ternity ;  the  gCTitleman  denied  the  allega- 
tion, but  from  motives  of  liumanity  had 
the  infant  taken  care  of,  and,  from  the 
circumstance  of  its  having  been  enclosed 
in  a  packing-case,  imposed  upon  the  poor 
foundling  this  curious  appellation.  The 
Fr.  case,  from  Latin  casa,  a  mean  house, 
cottage,  or  hut,  is,  however,  a  more  likely 
etymon. 

CASELEY.     See  Castley. 

CASH.   A  place  in  Strathmiglo,  co.  Fife. 

CASHMERE.      R.G.  16.  Does  not  refer 


to  the  "far-off  East,"  but  to  some  English 
locality  unknown  to  me.  Mere  is  not  un- 
frequent  as  a  termination. 

CASSAN".  The  family  of  Cassan,  or  De 
Cassagne,  derive  from  Stephen  Cassan,  a 
native  of  Montpellier,  who  tied  into  Hol- 
land at  the  Rev.  of  the  Edictof  Nantes,  and 
afterwards  accompanied  Schomberg  into 
Ireland.  B.L.G. 

CASSELL.     A  shortened  pronunciation 

of  Castle? 

CASTELL.     See  Castle. 

CASTELLAN.  The  guardian  of  a 
castle.     0.  Fr.  chastcllan. 

CASTELMAN.  A  castellan  ;  constable 
of  a  castle;  "keipar  of  the  Kingis  Castell." 
Jamieson. 

CASTLE.  From  residence  in  one.  De 
Castello.     H.R. 

CASTLEGATE.  From  residence  near 
the  gate  of  a  foi-tress. 

CASTLEiNIAN.  One  who  had  the  care  of 
a  castle — a  castellan. 

CASTLEY.     A  to^mship  in  Yorkshire. 

CASTON.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

CASAVELL.  See  Carswell.  Perhaps, 
however,  from  Caswell  Bay  in  the  Bristol 
Channel. 

CATCHASIDE.  CATCHESIDES.  R.G. 
16.  Doubtless  corruptions  of  some  local 
name. 

CATCHPOOLE.  In  Low  Latin  cache- 
2)ollus,  a  catchpole,  or  petty  constable.  In 
Piers  Plowman,  the  executioner  who  broke 
the  legs  of  the  thieves  at  the  Crucifixion 
is  so  designated: 

"  A  cachepol  cam  forth, 
And  cracked  both  hh'elegges." 

Le  Cacher  in  the  H.R.  is  probably  synony- 
mous. In  those  documents  we  meet  like- 
wise with  the  names  Le  Cacherel  and  Ca- 
cherellus,  which,  according  to  Jacob  and 
Halliwell,  also  signify  a  catchpole  or  infe- 
rior bailiff.  "  In  stipendiis  Ballivi  xitis. 
r\'d  :  in  stipendiis  unius  cachepolli  ixs. 
Viird.  Consuet.  Farendon.  Thoi-n  men- 
tions "  cacherellos  vicecomitis,"  the  she- 
riff's under  bailiffs.  This  last  form  of  the 
name  seems  to  have  become  extinct. 
CATER.  CATOR.  Formerly  acater,  a 
caterer  or  purveyor,  llalliw.  Le  Catour, 
Le  Catur.  H.R.  The  place  allotted  to  the 
keeping  of  provisions  purchased  for  the 
court  was  called  the  acatry,  and  the  pur- 
chaser himself  bore  the  name  of  the  Acba- 
tour.     IjC  Achatur  is  another  form  in  the 

H.R. 

"  A  gcntil  manciple  -n'as  ther  of  the  temple, 
Of  which  achatours  mighten  fake  ensemple." 
'Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  570. 

CATERER     See  Cator. 

CATESBY.  A  parish  in  co.  Northamp- 
ton, in  which  county  the  family  chielly 
resided. 

CATHARINE.      See  Female  Christian 

Names. 


CAT 


55 


CAY 


CATIICAKT.  The  earl  of  this  title 
deri^'es  his  uamo  from  tlie  lands  and  town 
of  Catlicart,  co.  Ilenfrew,  and  from  Reynald 
de  C.  in  the  XI.  cent. 

CATHERICK.  Catterick,  a  parish  in 
Yorkshire. 

CATLIN.       CATELIN.       CATLING. 

This  name  reminds  one  of  that  of  the 
Roman  incendiav}'  Cataline,  as  Fuller  sug- 
gests. Worthies  ii.  231.  It  may  possibly 
belong  to  the  same  class  as  Cato,  Cajsar, 
Virgil,  Sec.  Its  forms  in  theH.R.  are  Cate- 
lyn  and  Catoline. 

CATMORE.    CATMUR.    Catmere,  co. 

Berks. 
CATNACH.     The  surname  Cattanach  is 

found  in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland.  Gael. 

catanach,  a  warrior. 

CATO.     An  old  Germ.  name.  Ferguson. 

CATON.  Until  the  close  of  the  XVI. 
cent.,  Catton  and  De  Catton ;  from  the  ma- 
nor of  Catton  near  Norwich,  which  in 
Domesday  is  spelt  Catun  and  Catuna.  The 
family  were  located  in  Norfolk  from  time 
immemorial  till  the  middle  of  the  hist 
century.  The  latiuizations  Catonus,  Ga- 
thonus,  and  Chattodunus  occur  in  old  re- 
cords. 


The  annexed  illustra- 
tion, representing  the  seal 
of  Bartholomew  de  Catton, 
has  been  kindly  presented 
ljyR.R.Caton,Esq.F.S.A. 
The  matrix  was  found  in 
Norfolk. 


CATT.  From  the  animal— like  Lion, 
Bear,  Wolf,  &c.  The  fiimily  are  probably 
of  Norman  origin,  and  the  name  was  writ- 
ten Le  Chat.  Ilbert  de  Chaz,  whose 
tombstone  is  at  Lacock  Abbey,  came  from 
Chaz  or  Cats  in  tlieneigbourhoodofBohun. 
A  family  of  Le  Cat  were  lords  of  Berreuil, 
near  Goumay,  in  the  XV.  cent.  The  re- 
cords of  Norfolk  show  that  the  name  of  Le 
Chat,  Le  Cat,  or  Catt,  existed  at  or  about 
Heveningham  from  temp.  King  John  till 
the  XV.  cent.  The  Ketts  of  Wymond- 
ham  are  said  to  have  been  a  branch  of  the 
family.  See  Pedigree,  &c.,  in  Records  of 
House  of  Gournay.  There  was  also  an 
ancient  Teutonic  personal  name,  Cato  or 
Cat,  whence  perhaps  the  local  names 
Cat€by,  Catton,  Catcott,  kc.  An  old  fa- 
mily in  Kent  Avrote  themselves  De  Cat, 
implying  a  local  origin.  Philipotfs  Vill. 
Cant.  75. 

CATTELL.  The  Welsh  Annals  (An- 
nales  Cambriaj,  Mon.  Hist.  Brit.)  mention 
a  Catell,  king  of  Powys,  in  a.d.  808,  and 
other  eminent  personages  of  the  same 
Christian  name.  Cattal  is,  however,  the 
name  of  a  township  in  the  W.  R.  of  York- 
shire. The  forms  in  the  H.R.  are  De 
Catallo  and  C'atel.  A  French  Protestant 
refugee  family  of  Catel  settled  in  England 
temp.  Elizabeth. 


CATTERNS.  Probably  from  one  of  the 
places  called  St.  Catherine's,  in  cos.  Somer- 
set, Dorset,  Surrey,  &c. 

CATTON.     See  Caton. 

CAUDLE.  A  corruption  of  Cauldwell, 
a  hamlet  in  Derbj'shire. 

CAUDWELL.     Cauldwell,  co.  Derby. 

CAUGHT.  R.G.  16.  Possibly  a  Cock- 
ney pronunciation  of  Court. 

CAUL.     A  dam-head.  Jamieson. 
CAULCUTT.     The  same  as  Caldecott. 
CAULTON.    See  Calton. 

CAUSEY.  A  causeway,  or  raised  path, 
latinized  De  Calceto.  A  priory  in  Sussex 
bore  this  designation  from  its  having 
stood  at  the  end  of  a  causewaj\ 

CAVALIER.     A  horseman,  knight. 

CAVALL.  "Caval  signifieth  a  horse." 
Camd.     Fr.  cJicval,  from  Lat.  cabaUus. 

CAVE.  Two  parishes  in  Yorkshire, 
called  North  and  South  Cave,  were  the 
residence  of  the  ancestors  of  the  Caves  now 
of  Stretton,  co.  Derby,  soon  after  the  Con- 
quest. Shirley. 

CAVELL.  CAVILL.  Cavill,  a  township 
in  Yorkshire. 

CAVENDISH.  Roger  de  Gernon,  a 
cadet  of  the  great  Norman  family,  temp. 
Edw.  II.,  acquiring  with  the  heiress  of 
John  Potton,  the  lands  of  Cavendish,  co. 
Suffolk,  adopted  De  Cavendish  for  his  sur- 
name. Peerage. 

CAW.     Probably  the  same  as  Call. 

CAWDREY.     See  Cowdery. 

CAWLEY^     See  Calley. 

CAWOOD.     A  parish  in  Y'orkshlre. 

CAWSTON.  CAUSTON.  A  parish  in 
Norfolk. 

CAWTHORN.     A  parish  in  Y^orkshire. 

CAXTON.  The  illustrious  printer  was 
born  in  Kent  about  the  year  1412.  The 
name  occurs  in  Sussex  in  1341,  (Nona^,) 
and  in  Cambridgesh.  and  Hunts  temp. 
Edw.  I.  (H.R.)  as  De  Caxton,  doubtless 
from  Caxton  a  parish  in  co.  Cambridge. 

CAY^     Formerly  spelt  Key.  B.L.G. 

CAYLEY^  CAYLY.  CaiUi  in  the  ar- 
rondissement  of  Rouen  gave  title  in  1G61 
to  a  marquisate.  Some  six  centuries 
earlier,  it  had  probably  given  name  to  the 
A-Norm.  family,  whose  i-epresentative, 
temp.  Edw.  I.,  was  Hugh  de  Cailly,  lord  of 
Orby,  CO.  Norfolk,  ancestor  of  the  baronetic 
and  other  existing  branches  of  the  sur- 
name. 

CAY^SER.  In  the  H.R.  Le  Cayser  is  no- 
thing more  nor  less  than  CcTsar.  This 
illustrious  patronymic  is  borne  at  the  pre- 
sent day,  (teste  London  Directory)  by  a 
smith-in-gcneral,  a  tailor,  and  a  bird-cage 
maker. 


CHA 


56 


CHA 


CEASE.  E.G.  16.  Possibly  from  Seez 
or  Sees,  a  town  of  Normandy. 

CECIL.  The  name  of  this  noble  family 
was  written  in  ancient  times,  Sitailt,  Sicelt, 
Seycil,  Seisil,  Cyssell,  kc,  until  William 
Cecil,  Lord  Burghley,  Queen  Elizabeth's 
famous  minister,  from  a  whimsical 
notion  that  he  was  descended  fi'om  the 
Roman  Cascilii,  adopted  the  present  ortho- 
graphy. The  iiimily,  doubtless  of  Nor- 
man origin,  can  be  traced  to  Roliert  Sitsilt, 
M'ho  in  1091  assisted  Robt.  Fitz-Hamon  in 
the  conquest  of  Glamorganshire.     Collins. 

CERNE.     Parishes  in  cos.  Dorset,  &c. 

CHABOT.  CABOT.  A  common  French 
surname.  In  the  latter  form  it  is  of  fre- 
quent occurrence  in  Jersey.  It  appears  to 
be  derived  from  the  little  fish  known  by  us 
as  the  "bullhead,"  but  on  the  shores  of 
Normandy  and  the  Channel  Islands,  where 
it  abounds,  as  the  chabot  or  cahot.  Sebas- 
tian Cabot,  the  discoverer  of  Newfoundland 
(born  at  Bristol  in  1477)  is  generally  as- 
serted to  have  been  of  Venetian  extraction, 
but  there  is  much  reason  to  believe  that  his 
father  was  a  native  of  Jersey,  between 
which  island  and  the  port  of  Bristol  there 
was  coimnercial  intercourse  from  an  early 
period. 

CHAD.  CPIADS.  The  A-Sax.  personal 
name,  rendered  illustrious  in  England  by 
St.  Chad  or  Cedde,  third  bishop  of  Lich- 
field, in  the  VII.  century. 

CHADWELL.     A  parish  in  Essex. 

CHADWICK.  Chadwyke,  a  hamlet  in 
the  parish  of  Rochdale,  the  property  of  the 
family  in  the  XIV.  cent. 

CHADWIN.     An  ancient  personal  name. 

CHAFF.  Probably  from  Fr.  chauve, 
bald. 

CHAFFER.     See  Chaffers. 

CHAFFERS.  This  name  is  believed  by 
a  family  bearing  it,  to  be  a  rather  recent 
corruption  of  the  German  scluifcr,  shep- 
herd. 

CHAFFIN.     See  Caffin. 

CHAFFINCH.     The  bird. 

CHAIGNEAU.  A  Fr.  Protestant  refugee 
family,  settled  in  Ireland. 

CHALDECOTT.     See  Caldccott. 

CHALFONT.  Two  neighbouring  pa- 
rishes in  CO.  Bucks. 

CHALK.  In  the  county  of  Kent,  where 
this  name  is  principally  found,  there  are  a 
parish  and  a  hundred  so  designated,  and 
there  is  also  in  co.  Wilts,  a  parish  called 
Broad-Chalk. 

CHALKER.  A  digger  of  Chalk.  Le 
Chalker.     H.R. 

CHALLACOMBE.  A  place  in  co. 
Devon. 

CHALLEiST.  The  family  lun-e  sometimes 
borne  the  arms  of  Challcnor,  )jut  query,  if 


the  name  be  not  derived  from  Chalons  in 
Champagne  or  Chalons  in  Burgundy  ? 

CHALLENGER.  CHALLENGE.  Pro- 
bably identical  with  Champion. 

CPIALLENOR.     See  Chaloner. 

CHALLIS.  CHALLICE.  Probably  from 
Chalus  in  Guienue,  memorable  for  the  death 
of  Coeur  de  Lion.     De  Chales.  H.R. 

CHALLON.     See  Qiallen. 

CPIALMERS.  Scot,  chalmer,  a  chamber. 
A  name  taken  from  the  office  of  chamber- 
lain, dating  as  far  liack  as  the  XII.  cent, 
in  the  household  of  the  Scottish  kings.  It  is 
latinized  De  Camera,  and  corresponds  with 
Chambers  and  De  la  Chambre.  The  family 
of  C.  of  Gadgirth,  co.  Ayr,  who  seem  to 
have  been  chiefs  of  the  name,  sprang  from 
Reginald  of  the  Chalmer,  who  flourished 
circ.  1100.  They  fell  into  decay  in  the 
XVII.  cent.  Other  families  in  various 
parts  of  Scotland  bore  the  same  arms  and 
were  probably  cadets.  In  the  H.R.  Ave  find 
Le  Chalmer,  which  may  be  synonjanous 
with  Thatcher,  from  the  0.  Fr,  chalmc  or 
cJiaiinw,  thatch. 

CHALONER.  Cole  admits  this  name 
into  his  Dictionary  as  that  of  an  ancient 
family.  It  means  in  old  French  either  a 
boatman,  from  chalvn,  a  boat  ;  or  a 
fisherman,  from  clialon,  a  kind  of  net. 
N.  &  Q.,  v.  592.  It  occurs  in  the  H.R.  in 
the  forms  of  Le  Chalouner,  Le  Chaluner, 
Le  Chalunuer, 

CHALON.  See  Challen.  DeChalouns, 
Chaluns,  H.R. 

CHAMBERLAIN,  CHAMBER- 

LAYNE.  A  well-known  oflicer  oi  state,  in 
royal  and  noble  houses  and  courts.  There 
are  several  distinct  families  bearing  the 
surname.  Aiulfus  Camcrarius  (the  latin- 
ized form)  was  a  tenant  in  chief  in  co, 
Dorset,  aud  probably  the  Conqueror's  own 
chamberlain.  One  of  his  possessions  in 
that  county  is  still  called  Hampreston- 
Chamberlaine.  Ellis,  Introd.  Domesd.  The 
Chamberlaynes  of  Maugersbury  claim  from 
John,  count  of  Tancandlle,  whose  descend- 
ants were  hereditary  chamberlains  to  kings 
Henry  I.,  Stephen,  aud  Henry  II.  The 
office  of  the  canicmrius  was  to  tal^e  charge 
of  the  king's  camera  or  treasury,  and  an- 
swered to  the  treasurer  of  the  household  at 
present.  Kelham.  Besides  Aiulfus  above 
mentioned,  at  least  five  other  tenants  in 
capite  so  designated  occur  in  Domesday. 

CHAMBERS.     Sec  Chambre  de  la, 

CHAMBRE  DE  LA.  Literally, '  of  the 
Chamber.'  Certain  rojal  courts  were  an- 
ciently styled  camera  or  chambers ;  e.g., 
the  Painted  chamber,  the  Star  chamber,  &c. 
See  the  Law  Dictionaries.  Hence  the  title 
of  chamberlain.  Subordinate  officers  were 
styled  Trcsorier,  (Sec, — de  la  Chambre:  hence 
the  surname.     See  Chamberlain. 

CHAMIER.  Fr.  Protestant  refugees. 
See  Deschamps.  Perhaps  Fr.  chavmiire, 
a  cottage.     This  name  Avas  introduced  into 


CHA 


57 


CHA 


England  at  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of 
Nantes,  1685.  The  Chamiers  of  France 
had  been  distinguished  Protestants  of  long 
standing. 

CriAMOND.  In  Charters,  De  Calvo 
Monte.  Chaumont,  in  the  arrondissemeut 
of  Argcntau  in  Normandy.  The  name  in 
this  orthography  occurs  in  the  Battel 
Roll. 

CHAMP.    Fr.  A  field. 

CH  AMPAG NE.  From  the  French  pro- 
vince. 

CIIA^IPERNOWNE.  CHAMPER- 
NON.  The  parish  of  Camhernun,  in  the 
canton  of  Coutances  in  Normandy,  gave 
name  to  this  family,  who  in  their  turn  gave 
designation  to  Clist-Champernowue,  co. 
Devon.  De  Gerville  in  Mem.  Soc.  Ant. 
Normandie,  1825.  In  the  XIII.  cent,  the 
name  was  latinized  '  De  Campo  Arnulphi.' 

CHAMPION.  One  that  fights  a  public 
combat  in  his  own  or  another  man's  quarrel. 
Cotgrave.  The  well-kuowfl  office  of  King's 
Champion  has  been  hereditary  in  the  fami- 
lies of  Marmion  and  DjTiioke  for  centuries. 
Le  Champion,  Le  Champiun,  &c.  H.R. 

CHAilPNEYS.  Fr.  Chamjmgnois.  A 
native  of  Champagne.  Berry  attributes 
four  coats  to  this  name,  and  twenty-one  to 
that  of  Champney.  It  is  sometimes  varied 
to  Champness.  The  family  claim  to  have 
been  seated  at  Orchardley,  co.  Somerset, 
from  the  period  of  the  Conquest.  Sir 
Amian  C.  lived  -there  temp.  Henry  II. 
Courthope's  Debrett.  The  latinizatiou  is 
De  Gampauia. 

CHANCE.  Originally  Chance.  The 
same  as  Chancey. 

CHANCELLOR.  A  name  applied  to 
various  offices,  civil  and  ecclesiastical. 
Richardson. 

CHANCEY.  Scot,  chancy,  Fv.  chan- 
ceux,  fortunate,  happy.  Jamiesou.  See 
however  Chauncy. 

CHANDLER.  Origmally  a  maker  of 
candles,  though  now  erroneously  applied  to 
a  dealer  in  small  wares.  In  the  H.R.  Le 
Chaundeler,  Le  Candeler,  and  Candelarius. 

CHANDLESS.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Chandler. 

CHANDOS.  Robert  de  C,  ancestor  of 
the  barons  of  that  name,  came  fi"om  Nor- 
mandy with  William  the  Conqueror,  and 
obtained  by  arms  large  possessions  in 
Wales. 

CHANNING.  Apparently  an  ancient 
personal  name.  Chening.  Domesd.  in 
Hants. 

CHANTER.     A  singer. 

CHANTRY.  CHANTREY.  An  ap- 
pendage to  a  church,  in  which  prayers  for 
the  dead  were  chanted.  Also  the  residence 
of  the  precentor  (cantor)  of  a  collegiate 
church.  In  many  places  lands  set  apart 
for  the  cndoAvment  of  a  chantry  are  so 
called. 


CHAPEL.  From  residence  near  one. 
In  the  H.R.  we  find  it  written  Capello,  De 
Capella,  Chaple,  and  Chapel ;  and  elsewhere 
De  la  Chapel  and  Chapelle. 

CHAPLIN.  A  chaplain;  a  priest  who 
did  the  duty  of  a  chapel.  Latin  cajycllamis. 
See  under  '  Ecclesiastical  Surnames,'  in  this 
Dictionary.  A11)ert  Chapelain,  a  Domesd. 
tenant  in  chief,  was  the  king's  chaplain. 
"The  word  capellanus  may  likewise  be  in- 
terpreted both  secretary  and  chancellor,  for 
these  officers  were  in  early  times  one  and  the 
same,  being  always  an  ecclesiastic,  and  one 
who  had  the  care  of  the  king's  chapel." 
Spelman.  Kelham.  Other  Chaplains  occur 
in  Domesd.  In  the  H.R.  the  name  is  found 
under  the  forms  of  Capellanus,  Chapelein, 
&c. ;  we  also  find  Capelyn,  now  Capelin. 

CHAPMAN.  A-Sax.  cedpman.  Any 
one  who  traffics,  buys,  or  sells.  Richardson. 
In  medieval  deeds  one  and  the  same  person 
is  described  as  Chapman  and  Mercator. 
Le  Chapman,  H.R.  About  150  traders  in 
London  very  appropriately  bear  this  name, 

CHAPPELL.    CHAPPLE.   See  Chapel. 

CHARD.     A  town  in  co.  Somerset. 

CHxVRKER,  'To  chark'  is  to  make 
charcoal ;  a  Charker  is  therefore  a  charcoal 
burner. 

CHARLES.  1.  The  baptismal  name. 
2.  A  parish  in  co.  Devon.  In  H.R.  it  is 
found  as  a  surname  without  pi'cfix. 

CHARLESWORTH.  A  hamlet  in  Der- 
byshire. 

CHARLEY.  1 .  A  diminutive  of  Charles. 
2.  A  liberty  in  co.  Leicester. 

CHARLTON.  CHARLETON.  Parishes 
and  places  in  cos.  Berks,  Gloucester,  Kent, 
Sussex,  Wilts,  Worcester,  Somerset,  Nor- 
thunib.,  Dorset,  kc.  kc.  The  Charltons  of 
Hesleyside  descend  from  Adam,  lord  of  the 
manor  of  Charlton  in  Tyuedale,  co.  Nor- 
thumb.,  1303.  B.L.G. 

CHARLAYOOD.  A  parish  in  Surrey, 
and  places  in  other  counties. 

CHARMAN.  Probably  a  charcoal- 
burner,  from  '  char.'  It  may  however  be 
the  masculine  of  char-woman — a  man  who 
works  by  the  day  in  trivial  occupations. 
The  H.R.  form  is  Le  Charrer. 

CHARNOCK.  A  township  and  estate  in 
the  parish  of  Standish,  co.  Lancaster,  an- 
ciently the  possession  of  the  family.  The 
name  has  been  written  Chernoke,  Char- 
uoke,  &c. 

CHARPENTIER.  Fr.  A  carpenter.  The 
family  bearing  the  name  are  obliged  to  sub- 
mit to  the  Anglo-French  pronunciation 
{iliarpcnteer  ! 

CHART.     Parishes,  &c.  in  cos.  Kent  and 

Surrey. 
CHARTER.     Probably  from  the  town  of 

Chartres,  in  France. 
CHARTERIS.     CHARTERS.    (Scotl.) 

Corruptions   of  Charterhouse — from  resi- 


CUE 

dence  at  or  near  a  Carthusian  monasterj\ 
Comp.  Temple. 

CHARTIER.     Fr.  A  wagoner,  carter. 

CHARTRES.  CHARTRESS.  A  large 
town  in  tlie  department  of  Eure  et  Loii-e,  in 
France. 

CHASE.     A  chase  "  is  a  privileged  place 

for  the  receipt  of  deer,  &c.,  being  of  a  middle 

nature    betwixt    a    forest    and    a    park." 

Nelson's  Laws  of  Game. 
CH  ATA  WAY.     From    its   termination, 

doubtless  local. 
CHATER.     A  river  of  Rutlandshire  Is 

so  called.     See  Chaytor. 
CHATFIELD.     A  locality  which  Is  not 

identified,    but     apparently    near    Lewes, 

Sussex. 
CHATLEY.     A  hamlet  In  Essex. 

CHATT.  A  celebrated  district  In  Lan- 
cashire is  called  Chat  Moss. 

CHATTERIS.  A  parish  in  the  Isle  of 
Ely,  CO.  Cambridge. 

CHATTERLEY.  A  township  in  co. 
Stafford. 

CHATTERTOK  Chadderton,  a  cha- 
pelry  in  Lanca.shire. 

CHATTO.  There  is,  T  believe,  a  j^lace 
so  called  in  the  S.  of  Scotland.  It  may 
however  be  the  Fr.  chateau. 

CHATWIN.     The  same  as  Chetwynd. 

CHAUCER.     See  under  Hosier. 

CHAUNCY.  Cauncy  occurs  in  Holin- 
shed's  so-called  Roll  of  Battel  Abbey,  and 
Chauucy  in  that  of  Leland,  and  the  proge- 
nitor of  the  family  is  said  to  have  come 
into  England  with  the  Conqueror,  from  a 
place  of  that  name  near  Amiens. 

CHAUNDLER.     See  Chandler. 

CHAUNTLER.     See  Chandler. 

CHAWORTH.  Patrick  de  Cadurcis,  or 
Chaworth,  a  native  of  Brittany,  accompa- 
nied William  the  Conqueror,  and  was  a 
baron  by  tenure  under  that  monarch.  The 
name  was  sometimes  latinized  De  Chauris. 

CHAYTOR.  See  Chater;  but,  qu.  if 
both  tliese  names  may  not  be  derived  from 
the  office  of  king's  cschmtor—ihe  person  ap- 
pointed to  inquire  into  escheats,  or  property 
lapsing  to  the  cro\vn  through  want  of  heirs 
and  other  causes. 

CHEALE.  CIIEELE.  1.  Perhajis  the 
same  as  the  Scottish  chid,  which  has 
tbe  several  meanings  of  child,  servant,  or 
fellow,  in  either  a  good  or  bad  sense,  al- 
though, according  to  Jamieson,  more  com- 
monly expressive  of  disrespect;  it  also  im- 
plies a  stripling,  or  young  man,  and  is  some- 
times an  appellation  expressive  of  fondness. 
Perhaps  its  best  synonj-m  is  "fellow." 
"  A  chiel's  amang  us  tnkin'  notes, 
And  faith  he'll  prent  it." 

Buf7lS. 

2.  A  local  name.     De  Chele  is  found  in 
H.R.  CO.  Lincoln. 


58  CUE 


CIIEAPE.  A-Sax.  cedpan  to  buy.  A 
market  ;  whence  Eastcheap  and  Cheapside 
in  London,  and  manj^  other  local  names. 

CHECKLEY.  A  parish  co.  StafTord,  and 
a  township  co.  Chester. 

CHEEK.    CIIEKE.     See  Chick. 

CHEER.  CHEERS.  Fr.  c/je?-— like  the 
English  Dear. 

CHEEtSE.  Ferguson  ranks  this  with  the 
A-Sax.  Gissa,  the  Frisian  Tsjisse,  &c.  Chese. 

XT    T> 

CIIEESMAN.  A  maker  of,  or  dealer  In 
cheese.  Le  Cheseman,  Le  Chesemaker. 
H.R.  Analogous  to  the  modern  '  butter- 
man.' 

CHEESEMONGER.     The  trade. 

CHEESEWRIGHT.     See  under  Wright. 

CHEEVER.  Fr.  chcvre.  A  goat.  In 
the  Domesd.  of  Devonshire  is  a  tenant  in 
capite  called  William  Chievre,  otherwise 
Capra.  In  B.L.G.  it  is  stated,  that  "  the 
family  was  established  in  England  by  a 
Norman  knight  in  the  army  of  the  Con- 
queror, and  in  Ireland  by  Sir  William 
Chevre,  one  of  the  companions  of  Strong- 
bow." 

CHEFFIK     See  Caffin. 

CHENEVIX.  A  Huguenot  family,  set- 
tled in  Ireland.  One  of  that  name  was  con- 
secrated bisho23  of  Waterford,  1715. 

CHENEY.  From  Quesnay  In  the  canton 
of  Montmartin,  department  of  La  Manche, 
Normandy.  De  Gerville,  ]\Icm.  Soc.  Antiq. 
Normandie,  1825 ;  butMr.Walfordwith  more 
probability  derives  the  family  fromCahagnes 
in  the  department  of  Calvados,  a  village  of 
2000  inhabitants,  lying  S.W.  of  Caen.  They 
held  a  fief  of  the  Count  of  Mortaiu,  and  at- 
tended him  to  the  Conquest  of  England ;  and 
the  feudal  relation  was  retained  long  after- 
wards in  the  rape  of  Pevensey,  co.  Sussex, 
where  their  estate  was  called  Horsted 
Keynes.  They  also  denominated  Milton 
Keynes,  co.  Bucks,  Wiukley  Keynes,  co. 
Devon,  Combe  Keynes,  co.  Dorset,  and 
Keynes  Court,  co.  Wilts.  Sussex  Arch. 
Coll.  i.  133.  The  orthography  has  taken 
numerous  forms,  particularly  De  Chaaignes 
de  Caisneto,  Keynes,  de  Cahaysnes,  and 
more  recently  Caney  and  Cheney.  It  has 
also  been  variously  latinized  De  Caneto,  De 
Casincto,  and  De  Querceto — the  last  under 
an  erroneous  impression  that  the  name  had 
its  origin  in  chemale,  a  grove  of  oaks. 

CHEPMAN.     See  Chapman. 

CHEQUER.     An  inn  sign. 

CHERITON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Warwick, 
Kent,  Hants,  Devon,  and  Somerset. 

CHERRINGTON.  Places  In  cos.  Glou- 
cester and  Salop. 

CHERRY.  Of  Fr.  Huguenot  origin,  and 
said  to  be  descended  from  the  family  of  De 
Cheries,  seigneurs  of  Brauvel,  Beauval, 
&c.,  in  Normandy.  B.L.G.  Cheris  is  a 
plaee  near  Avranclies.  The  name  is  latin- 
ized De  Ceraso. 


CHI  59 

CHERR.YMAN.  A  grower  of  cherries 
or  a  dealer  in  that  fruit.  So  Applcman, 
Pearman,  Notmau  (i.e.  Nut-man),  &c. 

CHESHIRE.       CIIESSHYRE.       The 

palatine  county. 
CHESNEY.      Probably     O.F.  chesne— 

the  oak  tree. 
CHESNUT.     The  tree— from  residence 

near  a  remarkable  one. 

CHE  SS  ALL.     Perhaps  from  Chesil  Bank, 
CO.  Dorset. 
CHESSMAN.     See  Cheesraan. 

CHESTER.  The  palatine  city;  also 
places  in  Durham,  Northumb.,  and  Derby. 
It  was  probably  from  Little  Chester,  in  the 
last-named  co.,  that  the  Chesters  of  Cocken- 
hatch  assumed  the  name. 

CHESTERMAN.  L  A  native  of  Chester, 
just  as  we  say  a  Cornishman,  a  Kentish- 
man.  2.  Many  places  where  Roman  and 
other  military  "stations  (casfra)  existed  are 
called  chesters,  and  residence  at  such  a 
spot  may  have  conferred  the  surname. 

CHESTERTON".  Parishes,  &c.  in  cos. 
Cambridge,  Hunts,  Oxford,  Stafford,  and 
Warwick. 

CHESTON.     The  same  as  Chesterton. 

CHETH.SJM.  CHEETHAM.  Achapelry 
in  the  parish  of  I\Ianchester,  formerly  pos- 
sessed by  the  family.  In  America  the  name 
is  corrupted  to  Chetum. 

CHETUM.  An  American  corruption  of 
Chetham.     See  Anecdote  in  Eng.  Surn. 

CHETWODE.  Seated  at  Chetwode, 
CO.  Bucks,  as  early  as  the  Conquest.  There 
soon  after,  Robert  de  C.  founded  a  priory. 
The  family  resided  at  C.  for  more  than 
twenty  generations.     Courthope's  Debrett. 

CHETWYND.  A  parish  in  Shropshire, 
where  the  family  were  seated  in  or  before 
the  reign  of  Henry  III. 

CHEVALIER.  Fr.,  a  knight  or  horse- 
man, Chh-aler  was  the  medieval  equiva- 
lent of  mifcs.    Le  Chevaler.  H.R. 

CH  EVE  LEY.     Parishes   in    cos.  Berks 

and  Caoibridge. 
CHEVERON.  Possibly  from  Fr.  clievrier, 

a  goat-herd. 

CHEW.  A  parish  of  Somerset.  Cheux, 
a  village  near  Caen  in  Normandy. 

CHBYNE.  CHEYNEY.  CHEYNELL. 

IModifications  of  Cheney,  which  see. 

CHICH.     A  parish  in  Essex.    St.  Osyth 

— Chich. 
CHICHELEY.     A  parish  in  co.  Bucks. 

CHICHESTER.  The  family  were  an- 
cient in  Devonshire  before  their  connection 
with  Ireland,  and  the  name  is  doubtless 
derived  from  Chichester,  co.  Sussex,  though 
some  genealogists  assert  that  it  is  from 
Cirencester,  co.  Gloucester. 

CHICK.     See  Chich. 


CHI 

CHIDELL.  Cheadle,  towns  in  cos. 
Chester  and  Stafford. 

CHIDLOW.     A  township  In  Cheshire. 

CHIFFINCH.  A  provincial  pronuncia- 
tion of  Chaffinch. 

CHILCOTT.  Chilcote,  a  chapelry  in  co. 
Derljy. 

CHILD.  The  son  and  heir  in  noble 
and  royal  families.  The  word  was  em- 
ploved  by  Spenser,  and  in  the  old  ballads, 
as  the  "  Childe  of  Elle,"  "  Child  Waters," 
&c.  See  Eng.  Surn.  i.  214.  InDomesd.the 
epithet  Cild  or  Cilt  is  applied  to  several 
persons  of  distinction.     Le  Child.     H.R. 

CHILDE.     CHILDS.     See  Child. 

CHILDREN.  Corresponds,  as  Ferguson 
thinks,  with  the  0.  Germ,  personal  name 
Childeruna  or  Hilderuna. 

CIHLLMAN.  Perhapsfrom A-Sax.  cille, 
a  wooden  tankard,  or  leather  bottle,  and 
man.  Childman  and  Childmannius  are 
found  in  the  H.R. 

CHILTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Berks, 
Bucks,  Somerset,  Suffolk,  Durham,  Wilts, 
&c. 

CHILVERS.     A  parish  in  co.  Warwick. 

CHIMBLEY.  Probably  a  corruption 
of  Cholmondeley. 

CHLNINEY.     Probably  local. 

CHIN.  Perhaps  a  diminutive  of  Chinbald, 
but  more  likely  local.  A  De  Cheue 
occurs  in  H.R.  co.  Bedford,  and  there  is  also 
a  Le  Chene. 

CHINBALD.  An  A-Sax.  personal 
name. 

CHINNOCK.  Three  parishes  in  Somer- 
set. 

CHIPCPIASE.  A  place  In  Northumber- 
land. 

CHIPMAN.     See  Chapman. 

CHIPP.     See  Cheape. 

CHISEL.    Chishall,  two  parishes  In  Essex. 

CHISHOLM.  The  right  of  the  C's  to 
be  considered  a  Gaelic  clan  has  been 
strongly  asserted,  but  Skane  thinks  their 
Lowland  origin  evident,  and  he  deems  them 
a  Norman  race  from  Roxburghshire.  Scot. 
Highl.  ii.  313.  The  name  however  is  Saxon 
enough,  from  cisU,  gravel,  and/u*Zw,  a  river 
island.  The  Highland  estate  in  Inverness- 
shire  has  been  so  named  from  the  family  in 
recent  times.  The  chief  is  always  distin- 
guished  as  Tlie  Chisholm.  There  is  a  pro- 
verb to  the  effect  that,  "  there  are  only  four 
Thc's  in  the  Highlands;  Tlie  Chisholm, 
The  Macintosh,  Tlie  Devil,  and  The  Pope"! 

CHTSLETT.     A  parish  in  Kent. 

CHISjM.  An  Ulster  corruption  of  the 
Scottish  Chisholm. 

CI-HSMAN.     See  Cheeseman. 

CIIITTY.  Freckled.  "Every  lover 
admires  his  mistress,  tho'  she  be  very  de- 


C  H  R  GO 


formed,  ill-favoured,  wrinkled,  pimpled, 
pale,  red,  yellow,  tanned,  yellow-faced; 
have  a  swollen  juggler's  platter-face,  or  a 
thin,  lean,  chlttij  face  .  .  .  .  ;  be  crooked, 
dry,  bald,  goggle-eyed ;  [though]  she  looks 
like  a  squiz'd  cat,"  &c.  &c.  Burton's 
Anatomy  of  Melancholy. 

CHIVERS.     See  Cheever. 

CHOAT,     Probably  the  same  as  Chute. 

CHOICE.     See  Joyce. 

CHOL^ILEY.     See  Cholmondeley. 

CIIOLMONDELEY.  From  the  lordship 
of  that  name  in  Cheshire,  which  was  pos- 
sessed by  the  family  under  the  Norman 
earls  palatine  of  Chester.  The  family 
sprang,  in  common  with  many  others,  from 
the  celebrated  William  Belward,  lord  of 
Malpas. 

I  cannot  refi-aih  fi-om  reprobating  the  curt  and  ab- 
surd prouunciation  of  this  name — Chulmley  or  Chum- 
ley.  Strange  that  some  of  our  most  aristocratic  fami- 
lies, who  would  not  \villinf;ly  concede  one  jot  of  their 
dignity  in  other  respects,  should  be  wUling  to  have 
their  ancient  names  thus  nicked  and  mutilated. 
Why  should  the  St.  Johns  submit  to  be  Sinjen'd,  the 
Majoribanks  to  be  Marchbanli'd,  the  Fitz-Johns  to  be 
Fidgen'd,  or  the  Chohnondeleys  to  be  Chumley'd? 
Why  should  the  contractions  of  illiterate  "  flunkeys  " 
be  accepted  in  the  places  of  fine  old  chivalrous  sounds 
like  those  ?  I  would  fain  have  this  practice  reformed 
altogether. 

CHORLEY.  Parishes  in  cos.  Lancaster 
and  Chester. 

CIIOWNE.  Castle  Cliiowne,  Clnoune, 
Chun,  or  Choon,  in  Cornwall,  is  a  very  an- 
cient ruin.  See  Archajologia,  XXII.  300. 
Davies  Gilbert  says  that  this  appellation  "is 
well  known  to  mean  a  house  in  a  croft." 
Hist.  Cornw.  iii.  244.  Chun,  a  Welsh  fa- 
milj'^  name,  is  proliablj'  identical  in  signi- 
fication. Chone.  H.R.  The  Chownes  of 
Kent  and  Sussex  were  said  to  be  descended 
from  a  follower  of  the  Conqueror,  who 
came  from  La  Vendee.     B.L.G. 

CHPJPPES.     The  same  as  Cripps. 

CHRISP.     See  Crisp. 

CHRISTIAiSr.     Very   common    in  some 
parts  of  Scotland.     Sir  Walter  Scott  tells  a 
story  of  an  unsuccessful  gnberlunTie  woman 
wlio   in  the   bittcj'ness  of  her  disappoint- 
ment exclaimed:  "Are  there  no  Cliristians 
here?"    and  was  answered:  "  Chrlstvms ! 
nae,   Ave  be  a'  Elliots  and  Amistrangs !" 
When  leprosy  was  the  scourge  of  Europe, 
the  disease  was  sometimes  personal,  and 
the   patient  was  called   lazarlus  or  ladre ; 
sometimes    hereditary,   and  then  the  suf- 
ferers    were    termed     Giezitcs    and    Les 
Gezits,  from  Gehazi,  the  false  servant  of 
Elisha,  from  ^vhom  tliey  were  believed  to 
be  descended.     Sometimes  they  were  called 
Cagots  de  Chanaan,  lepers  of  Canaan,  from 
this  belief;  but  "  their  most  curious  title, 
Crestiaas  or  Christians,  was  not  given  them 
in  direct  affirmation,   but  in   denial  of  a 
negative,  '  not  -non-  Christian.,'  becaiise being 
considered  of  Gehazi's  lineage, — not  only 
Jews,  but  Jews  under  a  curse, — many -would 
be  disposed  to  repel  them  from   commu- 
nion."   N.  and  Q.  v.  494. 


CLA 

CHRISTIE.    CHRISTY.  CHRISTEY. 

See  Christopher. 

CHRISTMAS.  CHRISI^IAS.  Origin- 
ally imjiosed,  Camden  thinks,  as  a  bap- 
tismal name,  in  consequence  of  the  indivi- 
dual having  been  l:(orn  on  the  daj'  of  the 
festival.  In  like  manner  in  France,  Noel 
was  first  a  Christian,  afterwards  a  family 
name. 

CHRISTOPHER.  The  Christian  name, 
whence  Christolfcrs,  Christopher,  Christo- 
phersou,  Christie,  Christy,  Christej^  and 
probably  Chrystall.     Also  Kitt  and  Kitson. 

CHRISTOPHERSON.  See  Christopher. 

CHRYSTALL.  Probably  a  corruption 
of  Christie  for  Christopher. 

CHUMLE  Y.  A  contraction  of  Cholmon- 
deley. 

CHURCH.  From  residence  near  one. 
In  the  H.R.  this  name  is  found  under  va- 
rious forms,  as  Atte  Cbirche,  De  la  Chirke, 
Ecclesia,  De  Ecclesia,  and  Ad  Ecclesiam. 

CIIURCHER.  From  residence  near 
some  church  ;  or  it  may  be  the  same  as 
Churchman. 

CHURCHILL.  Kelham  makes  Roger 
de  Corcelles,  a  great  Domesd.  tenant  in 
the  western  counties,  the  ancestor  of  the 
Dukes  of  Marlborough.  See  Courcelle. 
Churchill  has,  however,  a  sufficientlj'  Eng- 
lish aspect,  and  as  we  find  four  parishes  in 
different  counties  so  called,  we  need  hardly 
seelc  for  a  Norman  origin. 

CHURCHMAN.  One  who  had  the  care 
of  a  church — a  churchwarden.  See  Bridg- 
man.     Le  Chercheman  occurs  in  the  H.R. 

CHURCHYARD.  From  residence  near 
one.  The  forms  in  the  H.R.  are  Ate 
Churchehaye  (the  enclosure  of  the  church), 
and  Dc  and  In  Cimeterio,  the  cemetery. 

CHURTON.  Places  In  cos.  Chester  and 
Wilts. 

CHUTE.  A  parish  In  Wilts, from  which 
county  the  Chutes  of  Kent  and  Somerset 
probably  sprang. 

CIBBER.  Cains  Gabriel  Clbber,  the 
fatlier  of  Colley  Gibber  the  dramatist,  was 
a  native  of  Flensburg  in  Holstein,  and  set- 
tled in  London  a  short  time  before  the  res- 
toration of  the  Stuarts. 

ClTIZEISr.  A  member  of  the  common- 
wealth. The  French  have  the  same  family 
name  in  Citoyeu. 

CLACHAN".     Gael.     A  druldlcal   circle. 

CLACK.     A  hamlet  In  Wiltshire. 

CLAGGETT.     See  Cleggett. 

CLAPCOTE.  A  liberty  In  the  parish  of 
All -Hallows,  Berkshire. 

CLAPHAM.  Parishes,  &c.,  In  Surrey, 
Bedford,  Sussex,  Yorkshire,  &c. 

CLAPP.  An  early  Danish  surname. 
Osgod  Clapa  was  a  Danisli  noble  at  the 
court  of  Canute.     From  him  it  is  supposed 


CLA 


61 


CLE 


that  Clapham,  co.  Surrey,  where  he  had  a 
country  house,  derives  its  name.  P'erguson. 
Hence  Clapsoii,  and  the  local  surnames 
Clapton,  Clapham,  Clapcotc,  Clapperton, 
Clapshaw,  Clapshoe,  &c. 

CLAPPERTON.  I  do  not  find  the  lo- 
cality ;  but  see  Clapp. 

CLAPPS.  The  son  of  Clapa,  an  A-Sax. 
personal  name. 

CLAPSHAW.  Local— "the  shaw  or 
•wood  of  Clapa."     See  Clapp. 

CLAPSHOE.  A  corruption  of  Clap- 
shaw. 

CLAPSON.     See  Clapp. 

CLAPTON.  Parishes,  &c.,in  cos.  Glou- 
cester, Northampton,  Somerset,  and  Cam- 
bridge. 

CLARE  DE.  "The  whole  of  the  south- 
ern district  eventually  fell  under  the  feu- 
dal control  of  the  great  De  Clare  or  Cla- 
rence  family,  who  have  given  their  name 
to  an  English  town,  an  Irish  county,  a 
royal  dukedom,  and  a  Cambridge  college."' 
Dr.  Donaldson,  in  Cambridge  Essays, 
1856,  page  GO.  The  name  was  first  as- 
sumed from  the  barony  of  Clare,  co. 
Suffolk,  by  Eichard  Fitz-Gilbert,  a  com- 
panion of  the  Couqueroi',  son  of  Gilbert 
Crispin,  Earl  of  Brione  in  Normandy,  who 
was  son  of  Geoffrey,  a  natural  son  of 
Eichard  I.,  duke  of  Normandy. 

CLARENCE.  CLARANCE.    See  Clare. 

CLARK.  CLARKE.  Lat.  clericus.  Fr. 
Le  Cletc.  A  learned  person — that  is,  one 
who  could  in  old  times  read  and  write — 
accomplishments  not  so  rare,  after  all,  as 
Ave  are  sometimes  induced  to  think,  since 
this  is  among  the  commonest  of  surnames. 
Clark  stands  27th  and  Clarke  39th  in  the 
Eegistrar  General's  comparative  list:  and 
for  33,557  Smiths  registered  within  a  given 
period,  there  were  12,229  Clarks  and 
Clarkes.  Thus  for  every  three  hammermen 
we  have  at  least  one  '  ready  writer.'  If  the 
Reg.  General  had  reckoned  Clark  and 
Clarke  as  one  name,  it  would  have  stood 
nmtJt,  in  point  of  numerousness.  As  a  sur- 
name, Clarke  appears  frequently  to  have 
aliased  some  other  appellative;  for  instance 
the  baronet  family,  C.  of  Sal  ford,  originally 
Woodchurch,  from  the  parish  of  that  name 
in  Kent,  soon  after  the  Conquest  became 
Clarkes  (Le  Clerc)  in  consequence  of  a 
marriage  with  an  heiress,  and  the  family 
for  some  generations  wrote  themselves 
"  Woodchurch  alias  Le  Clerc,"  and  Vice 
versa,  until  at  length  the  territorial  appel- 
lation succumbed  to  the  professional  one, 
which  was  right,  for     . 

"  When  liouse  and  land  be  gone  and  spente, 
Then  learning  is  most  excellent." 

Several  other  instances  might  be  quoted  to 
show  that  medieval  bearers  of  the  name 
were  verj'  proud  of  it,  and  hence,  doubtless, 
its  present  numerousness.  The  word  has 
several  compounds  in  our  family  nomen- 
clature, as  Bcauclerk,  IMauclerk,  Kenclarke, 
Petyclerk — the  good,  the  l)ad,  the  knowing. 


and   the  little   clerks.     Several  Domesday 
tenants  are  designated  Clericus. 

CLARKSON.     The  son  of  a  clerk. 

CLARY.  Possibly  from  Clcri,  near 
Alen9on  in  Normandy. 

CLAVERtKG.  The  family  spring  from 
Eustace,  a  noble  Norman,  who  had  two 
sons  ;  Scrlo  de  Burgo,  who  built  Knaresbo- 
rough  castle,  and  John  the  One-eyed,  (l\lo- 
noculus).  The  latter  had  a  son  Pagan, 
("the  One-eyed  Pagan!" — qu.  Cyclops?) 
and  another  son  Eustace,  the  progenitor  of 
this  line,  Avho  derive  their  name  from 
Clavering,  co.  Essex.  See  Kimber's  Ba- 
ronetage. 

CLAVILE.  Walter  de  C.  was  a  tenant 
in  chief  in  Dorset  and  Devon.  Domesd. 
His  male  descendants  continued  to  possess 
lands  in  the  former  county  till  1774.  Dy- 
sons. Two  Clcvilles  occur  in  the  Itin. 
Norm.  ;  one  near  Pont  I'Eveque,  the  other 
near  Yvetot. 

CLAXTON.  Parishes,  &c.  in  cos.  Nor- 
folk, Durham,  Leicester,  and  York. 

CLAY.  Several  localities  bear  this  name, 
but  the  surname  must  sometimes  have 
been  adopted  from  residence  in  a  clayey 
district.  The  forms  in  the  H.R.  are  Cley, 
Clai,  in  le  Clay,  del  Clay,  and  de  la  Clej^e.  Le 
Clayere  may  be  synonymous,  although  a 
Cleymanne  was,  according  to  the  Promp- 
torium  Parvulorum,  a  dauber  or  plasterer. 

CLAYDON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  Suffolk, 
Oxou,  and  Bucks. 

CLAYPOLE.     A  parish  in  Lincolnshire. 

CLAYTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Stafford,  Sussex,  York,  and  Lancaster. 
The  Claytons  of  the  last-named  shire  claim 
descent  from  one  Eobert,  who  came 
into  England  with  the  Conqueror,  and 
received  Clayton  in  reward  of  his  services. 
B.L.G. 

CLAYWORTH.     A  parish  in  co.  Notts. 

CLEARE.     See  Clare. 

CLEARY.     See  Clary. 

CLEASBY.     A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

CLEAVE.     See  Cleeve. 

CLEAVER.  One  who  cleaves  wood.  In 
forest  districts,  lath-cleaving  is  still  a  dis- 
tinct occupation. 

CLEE.  Parishes  in  cos.  Lincoln  and 
Salop. 

CLEEVE.     Parishes,  &c.,  in  Gloucester, 

Somerset,  and  Worcester. 

CLEGG.  "O.  Norse,  hleggi,  a  compact 
mass.  There  was  a  Northman  with  this 
surname  in  the  Landuamabok."  Fergu- 
son. 

CLEGGETT.  Perhaps  Cleygate,  a  manor 
in  Surrey. 

CLEGHORN.     A  place  in  co.  Lanark. 

CLELAND.  The  family  were  "  of  that 
Ilk,"  in  CO.  Lanark,  temp.  Alexander  III. 


CLI 


62 


CLO 


and  connected  by  marriage  with  Sir  William 
Wallace.     B.L.G. 

CLEMENCE.     See  Clement. 

CLEMENT.  The  personal  name,  whence 
the  modifications  Clements,  Clemeuce, 
Clementson,  Cleniitson,  Clemmaus,  Clem- 
mit,  Climpsou. 

CLEMENTS.  CLEMENTSON.  See 
Clement. 

CLEHnTSON.     See  Clement. 

CLEi^IMANS.     See  Clement. 

CLEMMIT.     See  Clement. 

CLENCH.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

CLENDON.  Perhaps  Clandon,  co.  Surrey. 

CLENNELL.  A  township  in  Northum- 
berland. 

CLERK.     CLERKE.     See  Clarke. 

CLEVE.  CLEEVE.  Parishes  in  cos. 
Gloucester,  Somerset,  and  Worcester. 

CLEVEIIOG.  This  name  is  found  in  the 
H.E.  several  times,  and  in  one  instance  is 
borne  by  a  lady,  '  Sibilla  Clevehog.'  Cleve- 
gris  (gris  A-Norra.,  a  pig)  occurs  in  the 
same  records.  Wliether  from  some  hazard- 
ous encounter  with  a  wild  boar,  or  from  the 
occvipation  of  the  hog-butcher,  I  leave  others 
to  decide. 

CLEVELAND.  A  hamlet  in  the  parish 
of  Ormesby,  co.  York. 

CLEVERLY.  A  corruption  of  Claverley, 
CO.  Salop. 

CLE VL AND,  The  C.'s  of  Devonshire 
are  a  branch  of  the  Clculauds  or  Clelands 
of  CO.  Lanark. 

CLEWER.     A  p.arish  in  Berkshire,  for- 
merly called  Cleworth. 
CLIBURN.     A  parish  in  Westmoreland. 

CLIFF.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Kent, 
York,  Sussex,  Northampton,  and  Wilts. 

CLIFFORD.  The  noble  family,  sur- 
uamed  from  Clifford  (tlieir  castle  and  lauds 
in  CO.  Hereford,  which  they  acquired  in 
marriage  in  the  XII.  cent.),  came  from 
Normaudy  with  the  Conqueror,  and  then 
bore  the  name  of  Fitz  Pons.  They  claimed 
lineal  descent  from  Ricliard,  Duke  of  Nor- 
mandy, the  grandfather  of  \\'il]iam  I.  In 
charters,  the  name  is  latinized  De  Clivo 
Forte. 

CLIFT.    See  Cliff. 

CLIFTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  many  coun- 
ties. The  Cliftons  of  Clifton,  co.  Lancaster, 
have  possessed  that  estate  for  more  than  six 
centuries. 

CLIINBIIE.  A  Scottish  diminutive  of 
Clement. 

CLII\IPSON.     See  Clement. 

CLINCH.  A  township  in  Northumber- 
land. 

CLINKER.  A-Norm.  cZm^J,  to  ring.  A 
ringer  of  bells. 


CLINKSC  ALES.  As  skell  signifies  a  well, 
(see  Skell)  the  second  syllable  may  be  a 
corruption  of  it,  and  thus  the  name  would 
be  local.  A  capital  surname  for  a  shop- 
keeper. 

CLINTON.  The  duke  of  Newcastle 
derives  from  Reinbaldus,  who  came  hither 
at  the  Conquest,  and  assumed  his  surname 
from  Gllmpton,  (anciently  written  Clinton) 
CO.  Oxford,  part  of  the  possessions  granted 
to  him  for  his  services.  Peerage.  Some 
authorities  make  Eeinbald  a  De  Tancarville. 

CLISBY.     See  Cleasby. 

CLIST.  At  least  seven  places  in  co. 
Devon  are  so  denominated. 

CLITHEROE.     A  town  in  Lancashire. 

CLIVE.  The  earl  of  Powis's  ancestors 
derived  their  name  from  Clive,  co.  Salop, 
in  which  county  tlie  family  have  iDcen  seated 
the  time  of  Henry  II. 

CLIXBY.     A  parish  in  co.  Lincoln. 

CLOAKE.  CLOKE.  Probably  from 
the  costume  of  the  first  bearer.  So 
from  Mantell,  &c. 

CLODD.     Perhaps  the  same  as  Clode. 

CLODE.   Fr.  Claude,  from  Lat.  Claudius. 

CLOGG.     Ferguson  derives  it  from  the 

Danish  kloff,  prudent. 
CLOKE.     See  Cloake. 

CLOSE.  Any  piece  of  ground  that  Is 
enclosed  with  hedge,  wall,  or  water. 

CLOTHIER.  CLOTHMAN.  A  maker 
of  cloth,  or  a  dealer  in  tliat  article. 

CLOUD.  In  Scotland,  M'Cloud  is  the 
corruption  of  Mac  Leod. 

CLOUGH.  A  ravine,  glen,  or  deep 
descent  between  hills.  N.  of  Eng.  Cloff, 
Scotl.  The  Cloughs  of  Plas-Clough  claim 
a  Norman  origin,  from  the  Seigneurs  de 
Eohan,  and  appeal  to  their  name  and  arms 
for  proof.  B.L.G.  To  my  e)'e,  both  arms 
and  name  are  as  English  as  need  be. 

CLOUTER.  Clut,  A-Sax.,  signifies  in  a 
secondary  use  a  seam  or  sewing,  and  hence 
to  clout  in  various  provincial  dialects  means 
to  patch  or  mend,  especiallj'  shoes.  "  Old 
shoes  and  clouted,"  0.  Test.  The  Promp- 
torium  Parvulorum  gives — "  Clowter,  or 
coblere,  sartorius,"  and  also  "  Clowter  of 
clothys,  sartorius,  sartor."  Hence  a  Cloiiter 
was  a  man  who  either  improved  the  '  im- 
derstanding,'  or  mended  the  '  habits '  of  his 
customers;  i.e.  eitlier  a  cobbler  or  a  tailor; 
probably  the  former. 

CLOUTMAN.    See  Clouter. 

CLO^'E.    Probably  a  variation  of  Clough. 

CLOW.      A    rock.       A-Sax.       Halliw. 

'  Clows,'  in  Diigdale's  Hist,  of  Imbanking, 

signify  floodgates. 
CLOWES.     Probably  the  same  as  Clow. 

CLOWSER.  The  Scotch  douse  is  a  sluice 
or  mill-dam.  Hence  Clowser  may  be 
"  sluice-man  " — probably  a  miller. 


COB 


63 


coc 


CLUFF.    See  Clougb. 

CLUNIE.     Cluuy,  places  in  cos.  Aber- 
deen and  Inverness. 
CLUNjST.     Clun,  a  town  In  Shropshire. 

CLUTTERBUCK.  The  family  settled 
in  England  from  the  Low  Countries,  at  the 
time  of  the  Duke  of  Alva's  persecution  of 
the  Protestants.  In  1586  Thomas  Cloerter- 
booke  was  sheriff  of  Gloucester,  and  from 
that  CO.  the  existing  gentry  families  of  C. 
spring. 

GLUTTON.  A  township  in  Chester,  in 
which  CO.  tlie  elder  line  of  the  family  still 
reside. 

CLYBURN".  Cliburn,  a  parish  in  West- 
moreland. 

CLYDE.  The  great  and  beautiful  Scot- 
tish river. 

CLYDESDALE.  The  dale  or  valley  of 
the  Clyde  in  Scotland. 

COACHMAN.     The  menial  servant. 

COAD.  COADE.  A  wood  or  forest.  A 
Breton  name,  from  the  Celtic  coit,  sylva, 
nemus. 

COALES.     See  Cole. 

COAT.     See  Cott. 

COATES.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Glou- 
cester, Leicester,  Lincoln,  Sussex,  York,  &c. 

COBB.     There  is    perhaps  no  monosyl- 
lable in   any  language  that  has  so  many 
distinct  meanings    as    cob.    It    may    he 
thought  curious  to  enumerate  them.    As  a 
VERB,   it  signifies,    1,  to  strike;    2,  to  pull 
the   ear   or  hair ;    3,  to  throw ;    and  4,  to 
outdo.  As  a  XOUN,  it  stands  for — 5,  a  seed- 
basket  ;  6,  the  material  of  mud  walls ;  7,  a 
hay-stack   of  small   dimensions;  8,  clover 
seed;  9,  an   Hiberno-Spanish  coin;  10,  a 
lump  or  piece;  11,  a  sea-gull;  12,  the  fish 
called  the  miller's  thumb ;  13,  a  harbour, 
as   the   Cobb  of  Lpue-Regis  ;  14,  a  young 
herring  ;  15,  a  leader  or  chief;  16,  a  weal- 
thy or  mfluential  person ;  17,  a  small  horse ; 
18,  a  spider    (whence  cob-web);    19,  the 
bird  called  a  shoveller.     It  has  also  many 
compounds,  as — cob-castle,  a  prison  ;  cob- 
coals,  large  pit-coals;  cob-irons,  andii-ous; 
cob-joe,  a  nut  at  the  end  of  a  string ;  cob- 
key,  a  bastinado  used  among  sailors ;  cob- 
loaf,    a  loaf  of  peculiar  form ;  cob-nut,  a 
Avell    known  dessert   tr-uit — also    a  game 
played  with  it;  cob-poke,   a  bag  carried 
by  gleaners ;  cob-stones,  large  stoues ;  cob- 
swan,  a  very  large   swan ;   cob-wall,  a  wall 
composed  of  clay  and  straw.     The  heralds 
in  devising  arms  for  the  various  families  of 
Cobbe  and  Cobb,  have   as  usual  alluded  to 
some  of  these  objects;  thus  Cobb  of  Bed- 
fordshire has   fish    (be  they    herrings   or 
miller's  thumbs),  and  shovellers  in  his  coat; 
Cobb  of  Peterbridge,  co.  Norfolk,  displays 
two  swans  (cob-swans)  and  a  fish ;  another 
Cobb  of  Norfolk  carries  two  teals  (?  shovel- 
lers) and   one  fish ;  while  Cobb  of  Oxford- 
shire gives  two  shovellers  and  a  (cob-)  fisli. 
This  however  by  the  way.     As  to   the  sur- 


name, it  may  be  derived  either  from — 1, 
Cobb,  a  port  or  haven  :  we  have  besides  the 
names  Port  and  Harbour  in  our  family  no- 
menclature ;  2,  from  the  fish  or  the  bird,  in 
the  same  way  that  we  have  Pike,  Salmon, 
Hawk,  Sparrow  ;  3,  a  chief  or  leader :  in 
Chesliire,  to  cob  signifies  to  outdo  or  excel 
another  in  any  effort ;  or  4,  a  wealthy  or 
influential  person,  as  in  the  following  lines 
from  Occleve : — 

"  Susteynid  is  not  by  personis  lowe, 
But  cohbis  grete  this  note  sustene." 

(See  Ilalliu-ell,  Johnson,  Eng.  Sum.) 
This  is  a  ver}"  ancient  sui'narae.  One  Leu- 
ricus  Cobbe  occurs  in  the  Domesd.  of  Suf- 
folk, doubtless  as  a  Saxon. 

COBBETT.     A  corruption  of  Corbett  or 
Corbet. 

COBBIN.    Local.    De  Cobbin.H.R.  co. 

Lincoln. 

COBBLEDICK.  Local.  De  Cupeldik. 
H.R. 

COBBLER.  The  occupation.  Le  Cobe- 
ler,  H.R. 

COBBOLD.  "From  the  Kobold  of 
Germany,  a  hannless  and  often  kindly 
sprite,  something  like  the  Scotch  brownie, 
niay  perhaps  come  our  name  Cobbold;  but 
this  is  doubtful,  for  we  have  the  name  of 
Cobb,  answering  to  a  Germ,  and  Dan. 
name  Kobbe,  and  '  bald'  or  '  bold'  is  one  of 
the  most  common  Teutonic  composites." 
Ferguson.  Cuboid,  an  A- Sax.  personal 
name,  is  found  in  Domesday. 

COBBY.  Brisk,  lively,  proud,  tyran- 
nical, headstrong.  Halliwell — who  quotes 
a  northern  proverb  :  "  Cobby  and  crous,  as 
a  new-washed  louse." 

COBDEN.     See  Den. 

COBHAM. 

Kent. 

COBURN,  A  '  fashionable'  pronuncia- 
tion of  Cockburn. 

COCHRANE.  COCHRAN.  The  family 
were  resident  in  co.  Renfrew  for  many  cen- 
turies. See  Peerage,  Earl  of  Dundouald. 
The  name  is  probably  local,  from  a  place  in 
the  district  of  Paisley. 

COCK.  The  bird — corresj^onding  to  the 
Lat.  Gallus,  the  Fr.  Le  Coq,  Cochet,  Coque- 
rel,  the  Germ.  Hahn,  &c.  Sometimes  it  was 
as  probably  a  sobriquet  applied  to  a  di- 
minutive person.     See  Cock,  below. 

"COCK.  A  termination  common  to 
many  surnames.  Several  theories  have 
been  advanced  as  to  its  meaning,  which  I 
have  discussed  at  large  in  Eng.  Surn. 
i.  160 — 165.  After  mature  consideration 
I  still  adhere  to  the  opinions  there  ex- 
pressed ;  namely,  that  though  it  may  in 
some  instances  Ije  a  corruption  of  cott, 
a  local  termination,  and  in  others  may 
relate  to  tJie  male  of  birds,  it  is,  in  a 
great  majority  of  cases,  a  diminutive 
of  ordinary  baptismal  names,  like  -Idn, 
or  -ott,  or  -ctt.  I  shall  not,  therefore, 
go  over  the  old  ground,  but  content  mj'- 
self  with  giving  as  full  a  list  as  I  have 


Parishes    in    Surrey    and 


coc 


64 


COF 


been  able  to  collect,  of  names  with  this 
desinence,  for  with  names  beginning 
with  the  syllable  I  have  here  nothing  to 
do.  I  do  not  pretend  to  account  for 
every  name,  but  elucidations  of  most  of 
them  will  be  found  in  tlieir  proper  places 
in  this  book. 

Acock,  Adcoclc,  Addiscock,  Alcock, 
Atcock. 

Badcock,  Bancock,  Benhacock,  Bea- 
cock,  Barcock,  Batcock,  Bawcock,  Bull- 
cock. 

Drocock, 

Elcock. 

Grocock.  Glasscock. 

Hancock,  Hitchcock,  Haycock,  and 
Hey  cock,  Hillcock,  Heacoclc,  Hedgcock. 
Hiscoclv. 

Johncock,  Jeffcock. 

Locock,  Luccock,  Leacock,  La3^coclv, 
Lovecock. 

Marcock,  Meacoclc,  Maycock,  Mul- 
cock. 

Ocock. 

Pocock,  Pidcock,  Peacock,  Pencock, 
Palcock. 

Eauecock,  or  Raincock. 

Saudercock,  Slocock,  Straycock,  Sim- 
cock,  Stercock,  Silcock,  Salcoclv. 

Tancock,  Tillcock. 

Watcock,  Woolcock,  Wilcocke. 

|^°COCK.  This  syllable  in  many  local 
names  refers  proliably  to  the  woodcock 
rather  than  to  the  gallus,  especially  in 
such  names  as  C'ocksedge,  Cockshaw, 
Cockshote,  Cockshut,  Coclvsworth. 

COCKAIGNE.  COKAINE.  COKAYN. 

'  Cokaygne'  seems  to  have  been  a  sort  of 
medieval  Utopia.  Perhaps  tlie  earliest 
specimen  of  English  poetry  which  we  pos- 
sess, and  which  Warton  places  earlier  than 
the  reign  of  Henry  II.,  is  the  humorous 
description  of  it,  beginning — • 

"  Fur  in  see,  bi  west  Spaygne 
Is  a  loncl  ihote  Cockaygiie." 

■^VTiatever  may  be  the  origin  of  the  word,  it 
is  evidently  connected  with  the  much-de- 
bated cockney,  which  probably  implied  an 
undue  regard  for  luxury  and  refinement  in 
the  persons  to  whom  it  was  applied — gene- 
rally to  Londoners  as  contrasted  with 
"  persons  rusticall."  See  AVay's  Prompt. 
Parv.     Halliwell's  Diet. 

COCKBURN.  Probably  from  either 
Cockburnlaw,  co.  Berwick,  or  from  Cock- 
burnspath  in  the  same  county.  Tliere  is  a 
mountain  in  Berwickshire  wliich  is  so  called. 

COCKELL.     See  Cockle  and  Cockerell. 

COCKER.  In  various  En<rlish  dialects 
means  a  cock-fighter.  Halliwell.  See  how- 
ever Coker. 

According  to  Cocker — 
is  a  common  phrase  as  to  the  correctness  of 
an  arithmetical  calculation.  Edward  Cocker 
was  a  celebrated  arithmetician  who  flou- 
rished in  the  time  of  the  Commonwealth. 
Le  Coclvere,  H.Pi.. 


COCKERELL.  O.  Eng.  cokerelle.  A 
young  cocli,  "gallulus."'  Promj^t.  Parv. 

COCKERTON.  A  township  in  Dur- 
ham. 

COCKESBRAYN.  This  surname  occurs 
in  the  H.R.  '  Cockbrained'  is  an  epithet 
of  much  more  recent  use,  implying,  accord- 
ing to  Halliwell,  fool-hardy  or  wanton. 

COCKETT.  A  diminutive  of  cock, 
gallus,  lilie  the  Fr.  Cochet  from  Coq. 

COCKFIELD.     Parishes  in  Durham  and 

Suffolk. 
COCKIN".     A-Norra.coAm — a  rascal. 
COCKING.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

COCKLE.     Perhaps  applied  as  a  term  of 

contempt  to  the  followers  of  Wickliffe, 
,wlio  were  regarded  as  cockle,  tares,  or 
zka/iia  among  the  true  Catholic  wheat. 
More  probably  the  second  syllable  may  be 
a  corruption  of  Mil.  Or  it  may  be  like 
Coclcett,  a  diminutive  of  cock,  gallus. 

COCKMAN.     A  cockfiohter. 

COCKRAM.  Cockerham,  a  parish  in 
Lancashire. 

COCKRELL.     See  Cockerell. 

COCKS.     See  Cox. 

COCKSHUT.  A  chapelrj  in  co.  Salop, 
and  many  minor  localities. 

CODDINGTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Ches- 
ter, Hereford,  and  Notts.  The  Irish  family 
migrated  to  Ireland  from  Cheshire  in  1G5G. 
B.L.G. 

CODMAK  Doubtless  the  same  as  Cot- 
man,  though  a  correspondent  suggests 
that  it  means  pedlar,  from  the  cod  or  bag 
in  whicli  he  carries  his  wares. 

CODNOR.     Places  in  Derbyshire. 

CODRINGTOK  A  parish  united  with 
Wapley,  co.  Gloucester,  where  the  family 
were  seated  in  the  XV.  centuiy,  and  pro- 
bably much  earlier. 

COE.  1.  In  Norfolk,  an  eccentric  old 
man.  2.  A  Scottish  rivulet  giving  name 
to  Glencoe.  There  is  a  Beatrix  le  Coe  in 
H.R. 

COFFEE.   COAFFEE.   COFFEY. 

May  be  local,  or  may  be  of  common  origin 
with  Coffin,  Cnffin,  &c.,  the  root  being  Lat. 
calvus,  bald.  ''Coffee,"  says  Ferguson,  "I 
take  to  be  the  same  as  Coifi,  the  name  of  a 
converted  heathen  priest,  who,  on  the  re- 
ception of  Cliristianit)''  by  the  people  of 
Northunibria,  undertook  the  demolition  of 
the  ancient  fanes.  It  has  been  asserted 
that  this  is  not  an  A-Sax.  but  a  Cymric 
name,  and  tliat  it  denotes  in  Welsh  a  Druid, 
but  Mr.  Kemble  has  shown  that  it  is  an 
adjective  formed  from  c6f,  strenuous,  and 
means  "  the  bold  or  active  one." 

COFFIN.  Tills  f\imlly  possessed  Al- 
wington  manor,  co.  De^'on,  temp.  William 
Conq..  and  they  still  reside  at  Portledge  in 
that  manor.     B.L.G.     Colvin   or  Colvinus 


COL 


65 


COL 


held  lands   in  chief  (proliably   the  same) 
under  Edward  the  Confessor. 

COGAN.     Local.  H.R.  co.  Devon. 

COGHILL.  The  baronet  descends  from 
John  Cockhill  of  Cockliill,  gent.,  who  lived 
at  Kiiaresborough,  co.  York,  temp,  llich- 
ard  II. 

CO  HAM.  An  estate  near  Torrlngton, 
CO.  Devon,  still  in  possession  of  the  family, 
who  trace  their  pedigi-ee  only  to  1547, 
though  they  were  doubtless  proprietors  at 
a  much  earlier  date.  B.L.G. 

COIIEiSr.  A  common  Jewish  surname, 
— the  Hebrew  for  Priest.  Nearly  sixty 
traders  of  this  name  occur  in  Lond.  Direct. 

COKE.  Lat.  coquus,  cocus,  a  cook.  In 
the  rude  old  ages  when  family  surnames 
began,  the  chief  officers  of  the  kitchens  of 
kings  and  great  men  were  persons  of  im- 
portance. For  example,  in  Domesday  we 
find  several  Coci,  some  of  whom  were 
tenants  in  capite,  and  one  is  expressly 
named  "  Coquus  quidara  Eegis."  The 
orthography  coh-c,  for  cook,  is  retained  by 
Chaucer  ;  and  in  the  family  of  the  Earl  of 
Leicester,  illustrious  for  its  great  lawyer 
and  its  great  agriculturist,  it  still  exists. 
In  most  cases,  however,  it  has  taken  the 
form  of  Cook. 

COKER.  1.  The  original  meaning  of 
coJie  is  charcoal,  prepared  or  '  cooked'  by 
a  Coker,  or  charcoal-burner.  2.  Two  pa- 
rishes in  CO.  Somerset,  with  which  one 
family  were  associated  as  early  at  least  as 
1272.     B.L.G. 

COKEYNE.     See  Cockaigne. 

COLBOURNE.  A  township  in  York- 
shire. 

COLBRAN.  COLBRAND.  A  personal 
name  of  great  antiquity.  It  occurs  in  Cod. 
Dipl.  charter  925,and  it  is  probably  of  Scan- 
dinavian origin.  According  to  Ferguson  it 
may  either  mean  Jwlbvandv,  a  burning  coal, 
or  be  a  compound  of  luMr,  '  helmeted,'  and 
the  proper  name  Braud.  Both  Colbraud 
and  Colebrand  are  found  as  under  tenants 
in  Domesday. 

COLBURN.     See  Colbourn. 

COLBY.     A    parish    in   Norfolk,  and  a 
township  in  Westmoreland. 
COLCHESTER.     The  town  in  Essex. 

COLCLOUGH.  An  estate  in  StalTord- 
shire,  in  which  county  the  family  resided 
temp.  Edw.  III.  The  L-ish  branch  settled 
at  Tintern,  co.  "Wexford,  about  the  middle 
of  the  XVI.  cent. 

COLD.     A  corruption  of  Cole. 

COLDMAN.     A  corruption  of  Coleman. 

COLDRED.     An  A-Sax.  personal  name. 

COLDSTREAM.  A  parish  in  Berwick- 
shire. 

COLE.  Places  in  cos.  "Wilts  and  Somer- 
set. Also  a  very  ancient  Teutonic  personal 
name.  In  Domesd.  it  aj^pears  as  a  bap- 
tismal— in  the  H.R.  as  a  family  name. 

K 


COLEBROOKE.  Places  in  Salop  and 
Devon. 

COLEB  Y.     A  parish  in  co.  Lincoln. 

COLEGATE.  COLGATE.  A  place 
in   St.    Leonard's  Forest,   near    Horsham, 

Sussex. 

COLEINIAN.  COLMAN.  An  ancient 
A-Sax.  personal  name  mentioned  by  Bede. 
Coleman  and  Coleraannus  in  Domesd. 
Proliably  derived  from  the  occupation  of 
charcoal  burning,  and  synonymous  with 
Collier. 

COLENSO.  R.G.  16.  makes  this  a  Cor- 
nish name. 

COLENUTT.     See  Colnett. 

COLERIDGE.  A  hundred  and  a  parish 
in  CO.  Devon. 

COLES.     A  genitive  form  of  Cole. 

COLET.  COLLETT.  "Acolyth,  aco- 
lythus,  in  our  old  English  called  a  colet, 
was  an  inferior  church  sei"vant,  who  next 
under  the  sub-deacon  waited  on  the  priests 
and  deacons,  and  performed  the  meaner 
offices  of  lighting  the  caudles,  carrying  the 
bread  and  wine,  and  paying  other  servile 
attendance."  Keunet's  Parochial  Antiq. 
Burn's  Eccles.  Law.     See  CoUett  below. 

COLEY.     The  same  as  Cowley,  Cooley, 

&c. 

COLFOX.  The  same  as  the  Colvox  of 
the  H.R.,  whatever  that  may  be. 

COLtNT.  In  Scotl.  probably  difterent 
from  the  Eng.  Collins.  Gaelic  etymologists 
derive  it  from  cailcan  or  coileafi,  "  the  nmn 
of  the  wood,"  or  forester.  It  is  still  in  use 
as  a  Christian  name. 

COLLARBONE.  A  presumed  corrup- 
tion of  Collingbourne,  co.  "Wilts.  So  Hol- 
lowbone  from  Hollybourne, 

COLLARD.  Ur.  Ferguson  fancifully 
derives  it  from  A-Sax.  col,  a  helmet,  and 
heard,  hard.  But  I  find  no  such  hard- 
headed  gentleman  in  any  early  record. 

COLLARMAKER.     The  occupation. 

COLLED GE.  Probably  local,  and  with 
no  reference  to  any  seat  of  learning,  or 
abode  of  charity. 

COLLEGE.  In  the  west  of  England 
any  com-t  or  group  of  cottages  having  a 
common  entrance  from  the  street  is  called  a 
college,  and  residence  at  such  a  place  rather 
than  in  a  imiversity  probably  originated 
the  name. 

COLLEN".    See  Collin,  and  Colin. 

COLLER.     An  Idler.  See  Eng.  Surn. 

COLLETT.  Has  been  derived  from  colet, 
an  acolyte,  the  fourth  of  the  minor  sacer- 
dotal orders ;  but  its  true  meaning  is 
"  little  Nicholas."  Thus  the  parents  of 
St.  Colette,  who  held  St.  Nicholas  in  great 
veneration,  gave  their  child  in  baptism  the 
name  of  "  Colette,  c'est  a  dire  Petit  Kklwle.'" 
Ediub.  Rev.  April,  1855. 


COL 


66 


COM 


COLLEY.  The  original  surname  of  tlie 
Marquis  Wellesley,  the  Duke  of  "Wellington, 
&c.,  was  Avritten  Cowley,  temp.  Hen.  VIII. 

COLLICK.  Probably  Colwick,  co.  Not- 
tingham. 

COLLIER.  A  maker  of  charcoal,  for- 
merly a  much  more  important  and  common 
occupation  than  now.  In  medieval  docu- 
ments it  is  M-ritten  Le  Coliere,  Carbonarius, 
&c. 

COLLIN.  COLLINS.  COLLIS.  Co- 
lin is  one  of  the  diminutives  of  Nicholas, 
and  Collins  may  be  its  genitive,  and  CoUis  a 
corruption  thereof.  There  are,  however, 
other  assigned  etymons,  as  Fr.  colli  rn;,  a 
hill,  and  Gael,  cuilcin,  a  term  of  endear- 
ment. But  Collinc  is  also  an  ancient 
baptismal  name,  which  existed  before  the 
comi^ilation  of  Domesday.  According  to 
B.L.G.  the  Collinses  of  Walford  existed, 
CO  iwrnine,  in  the  time  of  the  Conqueror,  in 
cos.  Hereford  and  Salop. 

COLLING.  COLLINGS.  See  under 
Collin. 

COLLINGHAI\I.  Parishes  in  cos.  York 
and  Nottingham.  Like  CoUingridge,  Col- 
lington,  CoUmgwood,  Collingbourne,  &c., 
this  local  name  seems  to  be  derived  from 
some  early  proprietor  called  Colling. 

COLLINGWOOD.  I  cannnot  discover 
the  locality.  It  is  probably  in  Northumb., 
Avhere  the  family  have  flourished  for  several 
centui'ies. 

•COLLINSON.    COLLISON.  See  Colin. 

COLLISON.  Colin's  son— the  son  of 
Nicliolas.  Coly,  Colys,  and  firColiui  are 
found  in  the  H.R. 

COLLMAN.     See  Coleman. 

COLLYER.     See  Collier. 

COLNETT.  The  Hampshire  family  are 
said  to  be  descended  from  a  French  Pro- 
testant refugee  who  settled  at  Gosport,  aud 
introduced  glass-making.  Colenutt  appears 
to  be  the  same  name. 

COLPITTS.  I  have  observed  this  name 
about  Newcastle-upou-Tyne.  It  was  proba- 
bl}'  assumed  in  the  fu'st  instance  by  a  ^ler- 
son  resident  near  a  coul-2nt. 

COLPUS.  A  Surrey  surname.  Calpus, 
probably  a  Saxon,  is  found  in  Domesday. 

COLQUHOUN  (pron.  Cohoon).  An 
ancient  clan  sented  near  Loch  Lomond. 
Tlie  name  was  taken  from  the  lands  of 
Colquhoun  in  Dumbartonshire.  Umfridus 
of  Kilpatrick,  who  had  a  grant  of  them 
fi'om  Maldowen  Earl  of  Lennox  about 
12.j0,  was  founder  of  the  family. 

COLSON.  The  son  of  Cole,  This  was 
the  name  of  one  of  the  Danish  invaders  of 
Northumbria,  where  Coulson  is  still  a  com- 
mon family  name. 

COLSTON.     A  parish  in  co.  Notts. 

COLT.  Ferguson  thinks  this  a  cor- 
ruption of  tlje  name  Gold ;  but  it  appears 


in  the  XIII.  cent,  in  its  present  form,  and 
I  see  no  reason  why  it  should  not  be  de- 
rived from  the  animal,  especially  as  Le 
Colt  is  found  in  H.R.  Tlie  Colts  of  co. 
Lanark  derive  from  Blaise  Coult,  a  French 
Huguenot  refugee  in  the  XVI.  cent. 

COLTMAN.     A  trainer  of  colts. 

COLTON.  Parishes,  &c.  in  cos.  Norfolk, 
Staftbrd,  and  York. 

COL"\T[LLE.  There  are  three  places  in 
Normandj'  called  Colleville,  situated  in  the 
respective  neighbourhoods  of  Caen,  Bayeux, 
and  Yvetot.  From  which  of  these  came 
William  de  Colvile  of  Yorkshire,  and 
Gilbert  de  Colavilla  of  Suffolk,  mentioned 
in  Domesd.,  is  not  ascertained.  The  Scot- 
tish peer  descends  from  Philii?  de  C,  a 
scion  of  the  A-Norm.  family  who  settled 
beyond  the  border  in  the  XII.  cent.  Cole- 
vil,  Colevile,  Coleville,  Colwile,  Colewille. 
H.R. 

COLVIN.  Colvin  or  Colvinus  was  a 
Devonshire  tenant  in  chief,  and  held  his 
lands  in  the  reign  of  Edw.  the  Confessor, 
aud  at  the  making  of  Domesd.    See  Coffin. 

COLWELL.  A  corruption  of  Colville. 
H.R. 

COLYER.     See  Collier. 

COISIBE.  COi\IBES.  From  A-Sax. 
co7nb,  Celt,  ovm,  a  hollow  in  a  hill,  a  valley. 
In  medieval  writings,  At-Comb,  At-Cumb, 
&c.  There  are  places  called  Comb  or 
Combe  in  Sussex,  Devon,  Somei'set,  kc. — 
Combs  in  Suffolk — Coombe  in  Wilts,  Dorset, 
and  Hants, — and  Coombs  in  Sussex,  Derby, 
and  Dorset.  Several  of  these  have  conferred 
their  names  on  families. 

C^^COJIBE,  as  a  termination.     See  pre- 
ceding article.   A  correspondent  has  sent 
me  a  list  of  surnames  with  this  desin- 
ence.   Some  of  these  will  be  found  iden- 
tified with   the   localities   which  gave 
them  birth  in  their  proper  places  in  this 
work.     Of  others   the  situation  is  un- 
known to  me. 
Ashcombe,  Aynscombe. 
Barnscombe,    Brimlilecombe,  Burcombe, 
Bronescombe,     Brownscombe,    Bmicombe, 
Bascombe,  Belcombe,  Brimacombe,  Brans- 
combe,    Bidecombe,    Battiscombe,    Buddi- 
combe,  Biddlecombe,  Balcombe. 
Corscombe,  Challacombe. 
Doddescombe,     Dimscombe,    Discombe, 
Duncombe,    Dacombe,    Delacombe,    Duns- 
combe,  Dascombe,  Dorkcombe. 

Ellacombe  or  Ellicombe,  Encombe,  Es- 
combe,  Edgecombe. 

Farncombe,  Fearncombe. 
Goscombe,  Gatcombe. 
Hanscombe,   Ilalcombo,  Harcombe,  Hol- 
licombe,      Holcombe,     Haccombe,      Har- 
combe. 
Jacombe. 
Kiugcombe. 

Larcombe,   Loscombe,   Liscombe,    Lips- 
combe,  Luscombe,  Luccombe,  Levercombe. 
Morcombe. 


COM  67 


Norcombe,  Newcombe,  Nutcombe. 

Puddlecombe,  Puddicoinbe,  Pincombe, 
Prattiscombe. 

Ranscombe,  Rascombe. 

Stincombc,  Sercombe,  Smallcombe, 
Smallacombe,  Slocombe,  Stancombe,  See- 
combe,  Southcombe,  Syudercombe,  Sal- 
combe. 

Tingcombe,  Tincombe,  Tidcombe,  Tud- 
dicombe,  Totscombe. 

Withecombe,  Woolcombe,  Winchcorabe, 
Wescombe,  Wollocombe,  ^^^litcombe, 
Waraecombe,  Widecombe,  Winscombe, 
Wiscombe,  Welcombe. 

Vinecombe. 

Yarcombe,  Tescombe. 

Professor  Leo  asserts  that  cumb  means  a  mass  of 
water — it  originally  signified  a  trough  or  bowl,  and 
subsequently,  not  "a  valley— as  Bosworth  wongly 
asserts— but  an  extensive  though  ruiming  sheet  of 
water.  The  Professor's  ground  for  tWs  statement 
appears  to  be  the  occurrence  of  a  hedfod  and  an 
ceicylm, — a  head  and  a  spring — in  connection  with 
a  cumb;  (Cod.  Dipl.  11.  28,  29.)  but  surely  this  is  very 
slender  evidence  for  so  sweeping  an  assertion.  The 
upper  end  of  a  valley  is  called  its  head,  and  that  there 
sliould  be  a  spring  m  a  valley  is  nothing  extraordinary. 
I  maintain,  therefore,  vsith  Dr.  Bosworth,  that  combe 
is  a  valley,  either  with  or  without  water.  Within 
the  compass  of  a  morning's  walk  from  the  spot  where 
I  A\Tite  tills,  there  are  a  score  or  two  of  combes  with- 
out a  drop  of  water.  In  fact,  the  South  Dovms  are  full 
of  these  depressions,  w-liich,  fi-om  their  geological 
position,  can  no  more  '  hold  water  '  than  can  this 
notion  of  the  learned  philologist  of  Halle. 

COMBER.  1.  One  -svlio  combs  or  pre- 
pares -^vool.  2.  A  modification  of  At- 
Combe.  See  termination  eh. 

COiMBERBACH.  A  township  in  ChesliLre. 

COJklER.     Perhaps  the  same  as  Comber. 

CO^NIFORT.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
the  local  surname  Comerford. 

COjNIIiSr.     See  under  Gumming. 

CO]\ILEY.     Doubtless  local,  rather  than 

Ijersoual. 
COMMAjStDER.     R.G.   16.      A   leader 

in  some  enterprise.     Le  Comandur,  H.E. 

COMMERELL.  1.  From  Ileilbronn  In 
Suabia  in  1732,  and  naturalized  in  1752. 
2.  Comberwell  near  Bradford,  co.  Wilts, 
gave  name  to  a  family  called  De  Comer- 
welle,  -n-heuce  probably  this  surname,  in 
some  cases.  Vide  Jackson's  Account  of 
Kingston  House,  Bradford,  reprinted  from 
the  Wiltshire  Archasological  Magazine. 

C0:MMINS.     See  under  Gumming. 

COMMOX;  Local — fi-om  residence  at 
one. 

COMMONER.  1.  Local— fi'om  residence 
at  a  common.  See  termination  er.  2.  A 
member  of  a  university. 

COMMONS.  A  pluralization  of  Common. 

COMPTON.  The  Marquis  of  Nor- 
thampton derives  from  Turchil,  possessor 
of  Arden,  co.  Warwick,  before  the  Con- 
quest. His  descendant  Osbert,  in  1169, 
assumed  the  name  of  Compton  from  his 
estate  in  the  same  county.  The  Gazetteer 
mentions  thirty  other  places  of  this  name 
in  various  counties. 


CON 

COMRIE.     A  parish  in  Perthshire. 

COMYN.     See  Gumming. 

CON  AN.  An  ancient  personal  name  oc- 
curring in  the  poems  of  Ossian.  It  is  some- 
t  Jucs  corrupted  to  Cannon  and  Canning. 

CONCANON.      CONCANNEN.     The 

O'Concanons  derive  from  Dennot,  brother 
of  ]\Iurias,  29th  king  of  Connaught,  who 
flourished  in  the  IX.  cent.  B.L.G.  The 
surname  seems  to  have  been  established 
prior  to  the  XI.  cent. 

CONDER.  "  Conders  (in  Fishery)  are 
those  who  stand  upon  high  places  near  the 
sea-coasts,  with  boughs,  &c.,  in  their  hands, 
to  make  signs  to  the  men  in  fishing-boats, 
which  way  the  shoal  of  herrings  passes, 
which  they  discover  by  a  kind  of  blue 
colour  the  fish  make  in  the  water."  Bailey's 
Diet.    See  Eng.  Surn. 

CONDUIT.     Local — from  residence  near 

one. 
CONGERTON.     Perhaps  either  Conger- 

ston,    CO.     Leicester,    or     Congleton,    co. 

Chester. 
CONGREVE.     An  estate  in  co.  Stafford, 

which  has  been  held  by  the  family  almost 

from  the  time  of  the  Conquest.     B.L.G-. 

CONINGSBl^.  A  parish  in  Lincolnshire. 
The  peers  of  this  name  are  descended  from 
a  family  who  formerly  possessed  Coningsby, 
a  to-^NTi  in  CO.  Salop.  Burke's  Ext.  P.  But 
qu  :  1.  Can  such  descent  be  shown?  2.  Is 
there  a  town  so  called  in  Shropshire  ? 

CONNELL.         The     Irish     O'Connell, 

sans  0. 
CONNELLAN.    The  family  O'Connellan 

is  Milesian   and   deduced  from  the  great 

family  of  O'Neill.     B.L.G. 

CONNINGTON.  Gonington,  parishes  in 
cos.  Cambridge  and  Hunts. 

CONNOCK.  Cornish.  Rich,  prosperous, 
thriving,  successful.  Davies  Gilbert's  Com- 
wall,  i."i76. 

CONNOP.  Probably  Conhope,  a  town- 
ship in  CO.  Hereford. 

CONNOR.     See  O'Connor. 

CONQUEROR.  A  victor— probably  in 
some  rustic  game.  Conquestor  is  found  in 
the  H.R.  The  singular  name  Couquergood 
is  not  easily  explained. 

CONQUEST.     Probably   a    contraction 

of  Conquestor.  "  Willelm'  Concpicstor'' 
is  the  name  of  a  private  person  mentioned 
in  the  H.R.,  and  Robert  Conqueraunt  is 
found  in  the  same  documents.  Houghton- 
Conquest,  co.  Bedford,  derives  its  suffix 
from  the  familv,  who  were  possessors  of  it 
before  1298.     Esch.  26.  Edw.  L     Lysons. 

CONRATH.  Probably  Conrad,  a  per- 
sonal name. 

CONSTABLE.  An  office  formerly  of  high 
dignity  in  royal  courts.  The  great  York- 
shire family  descend  from  Robert  de  Laci, 
whose  ancestors    had  been  constables  of 


coo 


68 


COR 


Chester  under  the  celebrated  Hugh  Lupus, 
temp.  Will.  Conq. 

CONSTANCE.  Probably  Coutances  in 
Normandy,  which  is  latinized  Constantia. 

CONSTANT.  1.  A  contraction  of  Con- 
stantine.  2.  An  honourable  appellation 
denoting  the  constancy  of  the  bearer.  3.  A 
sobriquet  apjjlied  to  one  ^vho  M'as  regular 
and  pertinacious  in  some  habit  or  custom. 
I  knew  a  person  whose  real  name  was  Has- 
tings, who  was  better  known  among  his 
neighbours  as  'Old  Constant,'  from  tlie 
regularity  with  which  he  appeared  at  a 
certain  time  in  a  certain  place. 

CON^YAY.  One  of  the  few  local  sur- 
names adopted  from  places  in  Wales.  The 
extinct  noble  family  was  traced  to  5  Richard 
II.  Conway  or  Aberconway  is  in  co.  Caer- 
narvon. 

CONY.  Of  common  origin  with  the 
Dues  de  Coigni  in  France.  The  ancestor 
was  chamberlain  to  Isabella  of  France, 
and  accomi^anied  her  to  England  on  her 
marriage  with  king  Edw.  II.  The  Eng. 
family's  armorial  coat  is  identical  with  that 
of  the  present  Due  de  Coigni.  Gent.  Mag. 
May,  1859. 

CONYERS.  "Of  this  ancient  family, 
originally  \\Tote  Coignicrs,  denominated 
fi"om  a  place  of  that  name  in  France,  was 
Roger  de  Coigniers,  that  came  into  England 
about  the  end  of  the  reign  of  Will,  the  Con- 
queror, to  whom  the  bishop  of  Durham 
gave  the  coustableship  of  Durham."  Kimber. 
The  family  gave  the  suffix  to  Howton 
Coigniers,  co.  York. 

CONYNGHAM.  The  family  of  the 
Marquis  C.  and  of  Lord  Londesborough 
descend  from  the  Scottish  house  of  Cunyng- 
ham  and  from  the  Earls  of  Glencairne. 

COODE.  Code  was  a  tenant  before 
the  compilation  of  Domesd.  An  ancient 
family  long  settled  at  Morval,  co.  Corn^vall, 
have  at  various  periods  written  tliemselves 
Code,  Coad,  and  Coodc.  C.  S.  Gilbert's 
Cornw.  ii.  72. 

COOK.  COOKE.  The  occupation.  In 
Domesd.  there  are  several  tenants  stjdcd 
Cocus,  and  one,  '  quidam  Coquus  Regis.' 
Coke  is  an  archaic  form  of  the  name. 
The  Lond.  Direct,  has  more  than  250 
traders  of  this  surname. 

COOKES.     Cook  pluralized. 

COOKSON.  One  of  the  few  instances  of 
the  addition  of  the  termination  son  to  a 
profession  or  emplo3^nent.  So  Smithson, 
Stewardson,  Shepherdson.  Fil'Coci  is  its 
form  in  the  H.R. 

COOKWORTHY.  Doubtless  local,  the 
Y  being  an  unnecessary  addition. 

COOLEY.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Cowley.  The  ancestors  of  the  Duke  of 
Wellington,  prior  to  their  assumption  of  the 
name  of  Wesley  or  Wellesley,  wrote  their 
name  indifferently  Colley,  Cowley,  and 
Cooley.  Times,  15  Sept.,  1S52.  So  Cooper 
was  anciently  Cowper. 


COOLING.     A  parish  in  Kent. 

COOMBER.     See  Comber. 

COOIMES.     See  Coombe. 

COOPER.  The  occupation — a  maker  of 
barrels,  tubs,  &c. ;  originally  from  coop,  to 
keep  or  contain  anything,  whether  wine  in 
a  cask,  or  a  hen  in  her  prison.  A-Sax. 
Itepan,  ccpan.  See  Cowper.  Le  Coupere, 
Couimre,  Cuparius,  &c.,  H.R. 

COPE.  In  Domesd.  signifies  a  bill. 
Bailey's  Diet. 

COPEiNIAN.  1 .  A  chapman  or  merchant. 
Halliwell.  2.  Bailey  says  that  c(y;e  was  a 
tribute  paid  to  the  king  out  of  the  lead 
mines  in  Wicksworth,  co.  Derb)'.  Perhaps 
the  collector  of  this  tax  was  the  original 
Copeman.  3.  Cope  is  also  the  name  of  a 
priest's  vestment ;  and  the  Copeman  may 
have  been  the  maker  of  that  article.  4.  It 
may  be  equivalent  to  Hillmau.     See  Cope. 

COPLESTONE.  A  hamlet  in  the  parish 
of  Colebrook,  co.  Devon,  said  to  have  been 
possessed  liy  the  family  before  the  Conquest. 
Polwhele's  Devon,  ii.  35.     See  Croker. 

COPLEY.  Yery  ancient  in  Yorkshire. 
Local — but  I  do  not  find  the  place. 

COPNER.     A-Sax.  copenere,  a  lover. 

COPP.  The  top  of  a  hill,  or  any  emi- 
nence. 

COPPEN.  COPPIN.  Elevated— as 
^^  cop2)in  in  Iicvin,"  elevated  to  heaven. 
Jamieson.  The  root  appears  to  be  A-Sax. 
coj),  the  summit.  Probably  from  the  lofty 
residence  of  the  first  bearer. 

COPPER.  A  cup  bearer.  "Palice  of 
Honour,"  quoted  by  Jamieson.  A-Sax.  cop, 
a  cup. 

COPPER  WHEAT.  A  corruption  of 
Copperthwaite.     See  Thwaite. 

COPPER^VRIGHT.   See  under  Wright. 

COPPINGER.  '  Copenere  '  is  the  A-Sax. 
for  lover;  but  a  more  probable  derivation  is 
from  coppin,  which  Halliwell  defines  as  '  a 
piece  of  yarn  taken  from  the  spindle.'  A 
Coppinger  was  then  perhaps  in  medieval 
times'  one  who  had  the  care  of  yarn  or  who 
produced  it.  To  live  like  a  Coppingek  is 
a  Suffolk  proverb,  which  points  to  the 
Avealth  and  hospitality  of  a  famil_v  of  this 
name  who  flourished  in  the  XVI.  and 
XVII.  cent,  at  Buxhall  in  that  county. 
Gent.  Mag.  Jan.  1831.  The  name  is  found 
in  the  archives  of  Cork  so  earlj-  as  temp. 
Edw.  II.     B.L.G. 

COPPOCK.  From  the  termination,  pro- 
bably local.     See  OCK. 

COQUERELL.     See  Cockerell. 

CORBET.  Corbet,  a  noble  Norman,  came 
into  England  with  the  Conqueror,  and  from 
his  sou  Roger  Corbet  descended  the  bnro- 
nial  house,  as  well  as  the  families  of  the 
name  now  existing.     Courlhope's  Debrett. 

CORBY.  Parishes,  &c.  in  cos.  Lincoln, 
Northampton,  and  Cumberland. 


COR 


69 


COR 


CORDER.  Perhaps  a  maker  of  cord — 
analogous  to  Eoper.     Le  Corder.  H.E. 

CORDEROY.  Fr.  Cwti?-  de  Boi,  king- 
hearted  ;  metaphorically  applied  to  a  man  of 
noble  and  generous  disposition.  Perhaps, 
howe\'er,  the  same  as  Cowdraj'. 

CORDINER.  Fr.  cordonnier.  A  shoe- 
maker. In  the  H.R.  Le  Cordewener,  Le 
Cordewaner,  Corduanarius,  &c. 

CORDREY.     See  Corderoy. 

CORDUKES.  In  Ireland,  said  to  be  a 
corruption  of  the  Fr.  surname  Cordeaux, 
which  means  literally  small  cords  or  lines. 

CORDY.  Ferguson  derives  it  from  O. 
Norse  Jwrdi,  a  sword,  but  it  is  more  probably 
local. 

CORFE.  Parishes  in  cos.  Dorset  and 
Somerset. 

CORK.  Not  from  the  Irish  citj,  as  has 
been  conjectured,  but  from  Core,  an  ancient 
Celtic  personal  name. 

CORKER.     Perhaps  a  maker  of  corks, 

CORLEY.     A  parish  in  co.  "Warwick. 

CORMACK.  A  personal  name.  Gael. 
M'Cormac. 

CORNS.  CORNU.  R.G.  16.  See  under 
Cowhoru. 

CORNELIUS.     The  personal  name. 

CORNELL.  A  local  pronunciation  of 
Cornwall  ? 

CORNER.  From  residence  at  the  corner 
of  a  street  or  highway.  In  the  H.R.,  De  la 
Cornere.  It  was  latinized  by  in  Anr/ulo. 
In  the  second  vol.  of  the  Rolls  it  occurs  as 
ill  Ag/jlo  five  times  (all  with  different 
Christian  names,)  as  in  Anglo  17,  andas?/i 
Ai/ffulo  19  times.  A  less  likely  derivation 
is  from  Le  Coruner  and  Corona  tor,  a  coroner. 
De  Corner  and  Le  Corner  are  also  found  in 
the  H.R.     See  Nangle. 

CORNEWALL.  Richard,  second  sou  of 
King  John,  titular  King  of  the  Romans 
and  Earl  of  Cornwall,  had  according  to 
Sandfoi-d's  Geneal.  Hist,  two  natural  sons, 
Richard  de  Cornewall,  and  Walter  de  C. 
From  the  former  sprang  the  barons  of  Bur- 
ford,  now  represented  by  Geo.  Cornewall 
Legh,  of  High  Legh,  co.  Chester,  Esq.,  the 
Coruewalls  of  Delbury,  co.  Salop,  &c. 

CORNEY.  A  parish  in  Cumberland. 
Also  a  nickname  of  Cornelius. 

CORNFORD.  Perhaps  Cornforth,  co. 
Durham. 

CORNISH.  Belonging  to  Cornwall— 
applied  originall}'  to  one  who  had  removed 
from  that  to  another  county.  A  family  so 
called  at  St.  Issey  in  Cornwall,  "origin- 
ally descended  from  one  William  Cornish, 
who  settled  here  temp.  Queen  Mary,  a 
Welshman.'''     D.  Gilbert's  Cornw.,  ii.  255. 

g='CORNlSH  SURNAMES.  The  local 
surnames  of  Cornwall  present  some 
marked  peculiarities,  which  render  it 
convenient  to  treat  of  a  large  body  of 


them  in  one  article.  In  most  of  the 
countries  and  districts  where  the  Celtic 
dialects  pre\ail,  or  have  prevailed,  the 
family  names  are  principally  of  the 
liaironymical  class — the  sou  or  descend- 
ant having  assumed  the  name  of  the 
father  or  ancestor  with  some  prefix. 
For  instance,  most  of  the  Gaelic  sur- 
names were  personal  names  compounded 
with  Mao  ;  the  Irish  with  0" ;  the  Welsh 
Avith  Aj}  or  Ab.  In  Cornwall,  however, 
the  names  are  principally  of  the  local 
sort,  and  as  the  names  of  places  in  that 
county  are  generally  derived  from  Celtic 
roots,  possessing,  as  to  the  first  syllable 
at  least,  a  generic  meaning,  it  has  be- 
come proverbial  thal^ — 
"ByTi-e,  Pol,  andPen, 
Ye  shall  know  the  Cornish-men." 

while  a  less  known  and  more  compre- 
hensive distich  with  more  truth  affirms 
that— 

"  By  Tre,  Ros,  Pol,  Lan,  Caer,  and  Pen, 
You  may  know  the  most  of  Cornishmen." 

The  is  equivalent  to  the  A-Sax  tun,  a 
to«Ti,  or  enclosure ;  Eos  to  heath,  or 
unenclosed  ground  ;  PoL,  to  pool ;  LAN, 
to  church  ;  C.U2R  or  Car,  to  a  fortified 
place;  and  Pen,  to  a  headland.  In 
Breton  local  names  and  surnames,  the 
same  prefixes  occur,  though  "  pol "  is 
written  jy<);<?,  and  "car,"  or  "caer," 
her.  In  Wales  there  are  likewise  many 
place-names  with  these  syllables,  with 
modified  orthographies  and  modified  sig- 
nifications— Tre,  Rhos,  Pwll,  Llan,  Caer, 
and  Pen  ;  but  these  with  rare  exceptions 
have  not  given  names  to  families.  In 
Scotland,  Ros,  Caer,  and  perhaps  some 
of  the  others,  occur  in  the  same  sense  ; 
and  also  in  Ireland,  but  as  these  are  but 
rarely,  if  at  al',  found  as  surnames,  they 
belong  rather  to  topographical  than  to 
family  nomenclature.  In  the  followmg 
lists  I  have  arranged  such  Cornish  sur- 
names as  have  occurred  to  me  en  masse, 
reserving  such  elucidations  as  seem 
necessary  for  their  particular  and  proper 
places  in  the  alphabetical  order  of  the 
work. 

Surnames  in  Tee. — Trebarfoot,  Treber- 
sey,  Trebilliock,  Trebilcock,  Treby,  Tre- 
carrell,  Tredenham,  Tredidon,  TretUn- 
ham,  Tredinick,  Tredrea,  Trefelens, 
Treffrey,  Trefusis,  Tregaga,  Treagagle, 
Treagago,  Treganyan,  Tregarick,  Tre- 
garthen,  Tregea,  Tregeagle,  Tregean, 
Tregeare,  Tregedick,  Tregenna,  Tregiau, 
Tregillas,  Tregion,  Treglisson,  Tregon- 
nell,  Tregors,  Tregose,  Tretgohnan, 
Tregoweth,  Tregoze,  Tregury,  Tregyon, 
Trehane,  Trehavarike,  Trehawke,  Tre- 
iagn,  Treice,  Trejago,  Trekynin,  Tre- 
lander,  Trelawney,  Tremaine,  Treman- 
heer,  Trembraze,  Tremearne,  Tremaij- 
heere,  Tremere,  Tremle,  Tremogh,  Tre- 
nance,  Trencreek,  Trengone,  Trengore, 
Trenhayle,  Trenheale,  Trenouth,  Tre- 
noweth,  Trenwith,  Trerize,  Tresahar, 
Tresilian,  Tresithney,  Treskewis,  Treth- 
ake,  Trethinick,  Trethurfe,  Trevanion, 
Trevannion,  Treveale,Treveally,  Trevel- 
lans,    Trevelles,    Trevener,     Trevenor, 


COPv 


70 


COS 


Treverlyn,  Trevethen,  Trevilian,  Tre- 
ville,  Trevingy,  Trevisa,  Trevitliick, 
Trevorva,  Treweeke,  Trewenethick, 
Trewerne,  Trewliolla,  Trewliytlienick, 
Trewin,  Trewinard,  Trewolla,  Trewoofe, 
TreAVOolla,  Trework,  Tre  worth  en,  Tre- 
wren. 

Surnames  in  Ros. — Eoscarrack,  Eos- 
carrock,  Roscorla,  Eoscrow,  Eoscnige, 
Eosecossa,  Roskymer,  Eosogan,  Eos- 
warne,  Eoseveal,  Eoskilly. 

SmtNAJiES  IN  Pol. — Polamonter,  Pol- 
kingborne.  Pohvhele  (modified  in  Sussex 
to  Polhill)j  Policy,  Pohviu,  PoUexfen  (?), 
Polglaze,  Polwarth,  Polyblank  (?). 

Surnames  in  Lan. — Lanbadderu,  Lance, 
Lander,  Laughairne,  Langherne,  Lan- 
hadern,  Lanhedrar,  Lannar,  Lau- 
wordaby,  Lanyon. 

SURNAJIES  IN  Car. — Cardew,  Cardinliam, 
Carew,  Carlyon,  Carminowe,  Came, 
Carnesew,  Carrow,  Carthew,  Carverth, 
Carveth, 

Surnames  in  Pen. — Penalmick,  Pena- 
luna,  Penarth,  Pencarow,  Pencoil,  Pen- 
darves,  Pender,  Pendrea,  Peneligan, 
Peuferm,  Penforme,  Penliallow,  Pen- 
halluwick,  Penhellick,  Penkevil,  Peulee, 
Peulyer,  Peunalykj^,  Pennant,  Penneck, 
Penpons,  Penrin,  Penrose,  Pentine, 
Pentire,  Penularick,  Penwarne. 

For  another  group  of  Cornish   surnames 
see  the  article  Nan. 

CORNOCK.  The  family  settled  in  Ire- 
land temp.  Cromwell.  B.L.Gr.  The  name 
may  be  from  Carnock,  a  parish  in  Fifeshire. 

CORN^VALL.     See  Cornewall. 

CORNWELL.    A  parish  in  Oxfordshire. 

CORNWALLIS.  Originally  applied  to 
a  native  of  Cornwall ;  so  Wallis  toa  Welsh- 
man, Londonoys  to  a  Londoner,  &c.  Le 
Cornwaleys,  Coruvaleis,  &c.     H.E. 

CORRIE.  CURRIE.  Sir  Walter  Scott 
has  introduced  this  ancient  word  into  the 
beautiful  funeral  song  of  the  Clansman,  in 
his  Lady  of  the  Lake  : — 

"  Fleet  foot  in  the  corrie, 
S.ige  counsel  in  cumber, 
Red  hand  in  tlie  foray, 
Ho^s'  sound  is  tliy  slumber." 

An  explanatory  note  to  the  word  says : — 
"  Corrie  or  Cori ;  the  hollmn  side  of  the 
hill  where  game  usually  lies." 

CORRY.     See  Corrie. 

CORSBIE.     CORSBY.     Perhaps  Cosby, 
CO.  Leicester.     See  Cosby. 
CORSCOMBE,     A  parish  in  co.  Dorset. 

CORSELLIS.     Refugees   from  the  Low 

Countries,  who  settled  in  Essex  or  Norfolk. 

A  descendant  became  lord  of  the  manor  of 

Layer-Marney,  in  Essex. 
CORSHAM.     A  parish  in  Wiltshire. 
CORSTON.     Places    in    cos.    Somerset, 

Wilts,  and  Worcester. 

CORT.  Probably  the  O.  Norse  horlr, 
short.     Ferguson. 


CORTIS.     Courteous.     See  Curtis  and 

Curteis. 

CORY.     The  same  as  Corrie. 

CORYTON.  An  estate  in  Lifton,  co. 
Devon,  possessed  l.)y  the  family  as  early  at 
least  as  1242.     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

COSBY.  A  parish  and  estate  co.  Lei- 
cester, said  to  have  been  the  property  of  the 
family  before  the  Conquest. 

COSCAR.     See  Mac  Oscar. 

COSGROVE.  COSGRAVE.  A  parish 
in  Northamptonshire. 

COSHAM.  Probably  the  same  as  Cor- 
sham. 

COSSENS.     COSSINS.     See  Cousins. 

COSSENTINE.  A  correspondent  of 
N.  &  Q.,  X.  409,  states,  that  more  than 
thirtj'  j^ears  ago  he  knew  a  small  farmer  of 
this  name  in  Cornwall,  as  illiterate  as  men 
of  his  class  usually  are,  and  in  straightened 
circumstances,  who  notwithstanding  was 
the  "high  lord  "  of  a  considerable  estate  in 
or  near  to  the  parish  of  St.  Veep,  and  exer- 
cised manorial  rights  over  certain  wood- 
lands there.  This  man's  statement  was, 
that  his  family  "were  formerl}'  Emperors  of 
Constantinople,  that  their  name  was  Con- 
stautine,  and  that  it  had  been  softened  into 
Cossentine  by  vulgar  pronunciation.  "WTieu 
the  Turks  took  tiie  city,  his  family  made 
their  escape,  and  came  to  England,  bringing 
with  them  great  wealth,  with  a  portion  of 
which  they  bought  the  property  of  which 
he  was  still  the  '  high  lord  ;  '  and  a  large 
sum  was  also  deposited  in  the  Tower  of 
Loudon."  The  honest  man  doubtless  be- 
lieved himself  to  be  a  descendant  of  the 
Eastern  Emperors,  and  thought  the  pos- 
session of  the  ancestral  right  referred  to  a 
suflicieut  confirmation  of  his  lofty  claim. 
The  probability  however  is,  that  his  fore- 
fathers were  a  gentry  family  whose  surname 
had  been  borrowed  from  the  parish  of  Con- 
stantiue  in  Cornwall,  and  that  he  had  con- 
founded them  with  another  family  who 
settled  in  the  XVII.  cent,  at  Laudulph,  in 
that  county,  and  who  were  veritable  des- 
cendants of  the  imperial  house.  See  Paleo- 
logus.  In  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  a 
family  of  Costentyne  resided  in  the  West 
Riding  of  Yorkshii'e. 

COSSINGTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Lei- 
cester and  Somerset. 

COSSOM,     See  Cosham. 

COSTEKER.  Of  a  common  origin  with 
the  0.  Germ,  name  Custica.     Ferguson. 

COSTELLO.  Among  the  many  A- 
Norm.  settlers  in  Ireland,  temp.  Henry  II., 
was  Hostilio  de  Angulo.  His  descendants 
were  called  Mac-Ostello  (son  of  Hostilio) 
which  by  still  further  corruption  became 
Costello. 

COSTER.  COSTAR.  Du.  ''Rosier, 
deurwaarder  van  een  Catholyke  kerk," 
Marin's  Diet.    A  sacristan. 

COSTIDEL.  Costedhall,  a  manor  in 
Essex.     Hist.  Lewes,  ii.  App.  i. 


COT  71 

COSTOMER.  A  collector  of  royal 
customs  wa3  called  a  custoDWV  so  lately  as 
the  XVII.  cent. 

COSTON.  Parislies  in  cos.  Leicester 
aud  Norfolk. 

COTE.     See  Cott. 

COTGRAVE.  A  parish  in  co.  Notting- 
ham. De  Cotegrave  occurs  in  that  county 
in  H.R.  There  was  also  a  Cheshire  family 
of  this  name.  Thomas,  one  of  the  grand- 
sons of  the  gi-eat  William  Belward,  Lord  of 
Malpas,  held  the  lands  of  Cotgrave,  and 
fi-om  them  assumed  the  surname  De  Cot- 
grave. 

COTHAIM.  Places  in  cos.  Nottingham 
and  Lincoln. 

COTHER.  A  corrujjtion  of  the  name 
of  several  places  and  rivers  in  Scotland 
called  Calder. 

COTHERBOXG.  "I  know,"  says  a 
Lancashire  correspondent,  "  a  man  whose 
name  was  Calderbank,  from  the  river 
Calder ;  his  gi-andson  on  entering  the 
militia  persisted  that  it  was  Cotherbong, 
imder  which  corrupt  spelling  it  was  enrolled. 
I  was  only  satisfied  by  a  reference  to  the 
grandfather." 

The  same  correspondent  pertinently  adds  :  "  Xames 
which  are  unaccountable  are  generally  mere  cornip- 
tions  of  names  of  places  or  other  Avords.  The  ignorant 
do  not  Icnow  how  to  spell ;  the  curate,  the  registrar, 
and  the  relic^-ing-ofBcer  just  do  it  phonelicaUy,  an<\ 
take  no  interest,  and  no  trouble :  and  thus  a  perpetual 
corruption  is  going  on. 

COTMAN.  The  cotmannus,  i.e.,  the  cot- 
tarius,  cotter,  or  cottager,  of  Domesd.  was 
one  who  held  by  free  socage  tenure,  and 
paid  rent  in  provisions  or  money.  Ellis, 
Introd.  Domesd.  In  H.R.  Cotman  is  used 
as  a  baptismal  name. 

COTON.     See  Cotton. 

COTSFORD.  Cottesford,  a  parish  in  co. 
Oxon. 

,'COTT.  COT.  COTE.  A  common 
termination  of  local  surnames,  as  in 
Walcott,  Caldecott,  Norcot,  Northcote, 
Southcote,  &c.  It  appears  to  be  the 
A- Sax  c6te.  Professor  Leo  observes  that, 
"  a  seiche  the  dwelling  of  the  wealthy — 
of  landowners,  cote  on  the  other  hand 
indicates  the  abode  of  the  poorer  classes. 
Cote  is  the  house  of  an  indigent  de- 
pendent countryman,  who,  without  any 
personal  estate,  holds  a  transferable 
tenement  in  fief.  It  was  originally 
a  house  of  mud,  or  of  earth,  with 
loam  walls."  The  prefixed  word  some- 
times indicates  the  owner's  name,  and  is 
sometimes  descriptive  of  the  situation. 

COTTAGE.     From  residence  in  one. 

COTTAM.     See  Gotham. 

COTTER.  COTTAR.  Scotch.  A  cot- 
tager.    See  Cotman. 

COTTERELL.  COTTRELL.  In  feudal 
times,  "  the  cotcrellus  held  in  absolute  vil- 
lenage  aud  had  his  person  and  goods  dis- 
posed at  the  pleasure  of  the  lord."  Kennet's 
Paroch.  Autiq.     He  was  probably  so  called, 


cou 

like  the  Cotmanni,  or  Cottarii  of  Domesd. 
from  residing  in  a  cottage.  Another  origin 
may  be  from  the  cotarelli,  costeraux, 
cotcmux,  mercenary  soldiers  and  freebooters 
whose  trade  was  war  and  pillage,  (Conf, 
Brabazon)  and  who  were  so  called  from  the 
coterel,  a  large  knife  they  carried.  Cot- 
grave  defines  cotereanx  as  "  a  certaine  crue 
of  peasantly  outlawes  who  in  old  time  did 
nuich  mischiefe  unto  the  nobilitie  and 
clergie." 

COTTINGHAM.  Parishes  in  cos.  York 
and  Northampton. 

COTTLE.  Perhaps  from  the  district 
now  called  Cottles  in  Wiltshire. 

COTTON.  Cottun,  a  place  in  the  de- 
partment of  Calvados  in  Normandy  ;  also 
several  parishes  in  the  counties  of  York, 
Chester,  Staft'ord,  &c.  Both  forms,  viz. 
De  Cottun,  and  De  Cotton,  are  foimd  in 
the  H.R.  The  Eng.  Gazetteer  gives  many 
places  called  Cotton.  Lord  Combermere's 
family  trace  unbrokenly  to  the  days  of 
King  John,  aud  there  is  some  evidence  of 
then'  having  been  seated  at  Cotton  or  Co- 
ton,  CO.  Salop,  prior  to  the  Conquest. 

A  correspondent  sends  me  the  following  note  from 
a  family  pedigree.  "  Cotwn  is  an  ancient  British 
word,  and  signifies  in  the  A\'elsh  language  '  an  en- 
closure.' The  verj'  great  antiquity  of  the  family  in 
Cheshire,  as  well  as  the  name  of  their  scat,  shows 
them  to  be  of  British  extraction."  The  successive 
steps  of  the  orthography  seem  to  have  been  Cotun, 
Coton,  Cotton. 

COTTRELL.     See  Cotterell. 

COUCHMAN.  Probably  the  same  as 
couclier,  wliich  Bailey  defines  as,  "an  old 
word  signifying  a  factor  residing  in  some 
foreign  country  for  traffic." 

COULES.     See  Coles. 

COUL]\IAN.     See  Colman. 

COULSON.     See  Colsou. 

COULTER.     A  lake  at  St.  Nynians,  cc 

Lanark,  is  so  called. 

COULTHART.   According  to  Tradition 
and  a  most  elaborate  Pedigree,  the  Coult- 
harts  of  Coultliart,  co.  Wigtown,  are  des- 
cended from  Coulthartus,  a  Roman  lieute- 
nant who  fought  under  Julius  Agilcola, 
and  who  gave  his  name  to  certain  lands 
near  Whithorn,  which  in  much  later  times 
were  erected  into  a  barony,  and  returned 
to  the  family  its  generic  appellation,  when 
surnames  became  common.   The  genealogy 
in  question  associates  the  heads  of  the  fa- 
mily with   many  great  national  events  in 
connection  with  the  Romans,  Picts,  Scots, 
Danes,  Irish,  Normans,  &c.,  and  may  pass 
qvantum  valcat.    It  is  sufficient  to  observe, 
tliat  few  families  in  Britain  can  claim  a 
more  respectable  origin  than  the  Coultharts 
of  Coulthart  and   Collyn,   as  attested  by 
documentary  evidence.     There  can  be  no 
doubt  of  the  name  having  originated  from 
the  place,  as  it  is  written,  in  the  XIII.  and 
XIV.  centuries,  with  the  territorial  prefix 
De.     The  name  of  the  Scottish  locality  is 
probably  synonymous  with  that  of  Coud- 
hard,  a  village  in  the  department  of  Orne, 


cou 


72 


cou 


a  few  miles  N.E.  of  Argentan  iu  Norman- 
dy. It  is  deserving  of  mention,  that  tlie  head 
of  this  familj'  (in  whom  now  centres  the 
blood  of  Coulthart  "  of  that  Ilk,"  Eoss  of 
Eeufrew,  Macknyghte,  Glendonyn  of  Glen- 
douyn,  Carmichael  of  Garspherne,  Forbes 
of  Pitscottie,  Mackenzie  of  Craigliall,  and 
Gordon  of  Sorbie)  has  immemorially  borne 
supporters  to  his  coat-armour,  allusive  to 
the  name,  and  perhaps  this  may  be  consi- 
dered a  unique  instance  of  canting  sup- 
jwHers.  A  colt  and  a  hakt  uphold  the  an- 
cestral escocheon,  and  I  am  enabled  to  give 
an  engraving  of  a  seal  appended  to  a  char- 
ter of  Sir  Roger  de  Coulthart,  dated  14-t3. 
The  surrounding  legend  is  "  Sigillum 
Coultharti." 


COULTON.     A  parish  in  co.  Lancaster. 
COUI»IBE.     See  Combe. 
COUNCILMAN.     The  office. 
COUND.     K  parish  in  Salop. 

'COUNTIES,  XAJIES  OF,  WHICH  have 
ORIGINATED  SUiiXAJiES.  —  Berkshire 
and  Barkshire ;  Cheshire  and  Chesshyre; 
Cornwall  with  Cornish;  Cumberland; 
Derbyshire  andDarbishire;  Devonshire 
and  Devon,  with  Devenish  ;  Dorsettand 
Dorset;  Durham;  Essex;  Hampshire; 
Kent  with  Kentish:  Lancashire  and 
Lankshear;  Rutland;  Somerset;  Suf- 
folk; Surrey;  Sussex;  Westmoreland; 
Wiltshire,  Willshire,  and  AVillshcr. 

These  surnames  must  have  been  ori- 
ginally given,  for  the  most  part,  to 
persons  emigrating  from  one  county  to 
another.  Thus  a  person  from  Derby- 
shire settling  in  Sussex,  wouldnaturally 
get  from  his  rustic  neighbours  the  ap- 
pellation of  "the  Darbishire  man,"  and 
at  length  by  the  dropping  of  uunecessarj' 
■words,  he  M'oidd  Ije  called  simply 
"  Dai-bishire,"  and  that  in  com-se  of 
time  would  become  his  acknowledged 
surname.  Analogous  to  this  is  the 
origin  of  such  names  as  French, 
Scott,  Welsh,  Fleming,  liestowed  on 
foreigners  who  had  settled  in  England. 
In  some  cases,   however,   these  names 


have  a  much  more  dignified  origin.  See 
for  example,  Cornwall,  and  Essex. 

In  AVales  and  Ireland  names  thus 
formed  will  hardly  be  looked  for,  and 
in  Scotland  those  which  appear  to  be 
of  the  same  class  have  probably  other 
origins. 

COUPAR.  COUPER.  Parishes  in 
Fifeshire  and  Perthshire.  Sometimes  a 
corruption  of  Cooper. 

COUPER.     See  Cowper  and  Coupar. 

COURAGE.  1 .  Perhaps  from  Currage, 
a  manor  in  the  parish  of  Cheveley,  co. 
Bucks.  2.  A  family  of  this  name  settled 
here  after  the  Rev.  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 

COURCELLE.  A  place  near  Bernay— 
another  near  Andeli  in  Normandy. 

COURCY  DE.  AccordinotoDeaerviUe 
this  Norman  family  did  not  originate  from 
the  parish  of  Courcy  near  Coutances,  but 
came  from  the  arrondissement  of  Falaise, 
Calvados.  Mein.  Soc.  Antiq.  Normandie, 
1825.  Richard  de  Curci  was  a  Domesd. 
tenant  in  chief  in  co.  Oxford.  The  latini- 
zation  in  charters  is  De  Curceo. 

COLTRT.  From  residence  at  a  court  or 
manor-house.  At-Court,  A'Court,  Court. 
A  branch  of  the  great  Sussex  family  of 
Covert  corrupted  their  name  to  Couert  and 
Court.     Inf.  W.  D.  Cooper,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

COURTENAY.  COURTNEY.  Though 
the  pedigree  of  this  family  is  carried  up  to 
Pharamond,  the  founder  of  the  French 
monarchy  in  the  year  420,  Gibbon  only 
traces  the  residence  of  the  race  at  Cour- 
tenay,  in  the  Isle  of  France,  to  the  year 
1020.  Indeed  it  would  be  useless  to  attempt 
to  carry  the  origin  of  the  surname  beyond 
that  point,  notwithstanding  the  extremely 
curious  and  ingenious  suggestion  which 
follows  :  In  the  history  of  France  we  find, 
that  "Charlemagne  avaitdonne  I'Aquitaine, 
avec  le  titre  de  roi,  a  son  fils  Louis,  sous  la 
tutelle  de  Guillaume  au  CouH-Ncz,  due  de 
Toulouse."  Now  who  knows  but  the  great 
French  family  of  the  Courteuays,  and  the 
illustrious  Courtenays  of  Devonshire,  may 
owe  their  name  to  this  deficiency  of  nose  in 
William  of  Toulouse?  Though  he  does  not 
pretend  to  get  at  the  root,  Gibbon  only  traces 
the  family  to  1020,  when  they  were  estab- 
lished at  Courtenay  ;  but  the  sobriquet  was 
given  about  the  year  790,  and  might  huve 
conferred  a  name  upon  tliC  castle  which 
William  inhabited,  and  the  country  round 
it."     N.  &  Q.  vi.  106. 

COURTHOPE.  First  occurs  in  a  Sub- 
sidy Roll  at  AVadhurst,  co.  Sussex,  in  exactly 
its  present  form,  temp.  Edw.  I.  Philipot, 
Somerset-herald,  derives  it  from  the  hamlet 
of  Court-at-Street,  co.  Kent,  which  is  im- 
probable, and  the  real  source  of  the  name 
appears  to  be  the  lands  of  Curlbope,  in  Lam- 
berhurst,  iu  that  co.,  which  Theobald, 
archbishop  of  Canterbury,  in  tlie  XII.  cent, 
gave  to  the  al^bey  of  Leeds.  Hasted,  v.  308. 

COURTIER.  Fr.  A  sliip-brokcr  ;  pro- 
bably a  recent  importation  from  France. 


cow 


73 


CRA 


COUSENS.  COUSINS.  From  the  Fr. 
causin,  consanguineous,  kinsman,  relation 
by  blood.     Cosin,  Cosyu.  H.R. 

COUZENS.     COZENS.     See  Cousens. 

COVE,  Places  in  cos.  Hants,  Sullblk, 
&c. 

COVENTRY.  The  city  in  co.  War- 
wick. 

COVER.  1.  A  place  where  game  is  pre- 
served. 2.  Couirr,  a  domestic  connected 
with  a  court  kitchen.     Halliw. 

COVERDALE.  Perhaps  from  Cuerdale, 
a  township  in  Lancashire. 

COVERT.  "  Coverts,"  says  Nelson,  "  are 
those  woods  which  are  thickets,  and  full  of 
trees  toucliing  one  another  ....  a  covering 
or  hiding-place  for  deer."  Laws  of  Game. 
The  great  Surrey  and  Sussex  family  of 
Covert,  whose  contiguous  manors  are  said 
to  have  extended  from  Southwark  to  the 
English  Channel,  traced  their  pedigree  to 
temp.  Henry  II. 

COVINGTON.        CO  VENT  ON.        A 

parish  in  co.  Huntingdon. 

COW.  Apparently  local.  There  is  a 
place  called  Cow- Honey  bourne  in  Glouces- 
tershu'e,  and  a  John  de  Cowe  occurs  in  the 
H.R.,  CO.  Bedford.  It  may  however  be  a 
sobriquet,  for  both  De  Cu  and  Le  Cu  are 
found  in  tlie  same  records,  and  cu  is  an  an- 
cient orthograpliy  of  cow. 

COWAN.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Colban,  an  ancient  Celtic  name,  since  Col- 
banstoun  in  the  S.  of  Scotl.  was  corrupted 
to  Cowanstoun. 

COWARD.  Although  the  popular  de- 
rivation of  this  opprobrious  word  from 
"cow-herd  "  (wliose  occupation  would  bere- 
garded  with  some  disdain  by  the  chivalrous 
in  the  middle  ages)  is  untenable,  I  think  it 
quite  probable  that  the  surname  may  be 
from  that  source,  like  Shepherd,  Ha}^ward, 
and  other  similar  names. 

COWBRAIN.  A  known  corruption  of 
Colbran  ! 

COWCHER.     See  under  Couchman. 

COWDRAY.       COWDERY.      COW- 

DEROY.  The  map  of  Normandy  exhibits 
many  localities  called  '  Le  Coudray,' mean- 
ing a  wood  or  grove  of  hazels.  There  is 
also  an  estate  called  Cowdray,  near  Mid- 
hurst,  CO.  Sussex.     De  CoucU-ay.     H.R. 

CO  WELL.  Possibly  from  Cowal,  a  con- 
siderable district  of  Argr\'leshire. 

COWHORN.  R.G.16.  The  H.R.  have 
the  similar  name,  Corndeboef  (corn-de- 
hceuf)  and  Corns  and  Cornu  still  exist  as 
surnames.  Perhaps  applied  originally  to 
one  who  blew  a  cow's  horn.     See  Bugler. 

COWHUS.  {Cowhouse:)  Occurs  in  tlie 
H.R.  It  may  perhaps  be  a  translation  of 
the  French  Bouvcrie. 

COWIE.     A  village  in  co.  Kincardine. 

COWL.  Probably  of  similar  origin  with 
Quaife,  which  see. 


COWLEY.  Parishes,  kc.  in  cos.  Glou- 
cester, Middlesex,  Oxford,  and  Salop. 

COWLING.  Places  in  Suffolk,  Kent, 
and  Yorkshire. 

COWLSTOCK.  Probably  Calstock,  co. 
Cornwall.     See  however  Eng.  Surn.  i.  203. 

COWNDON.  Coundon,  places  in  Dur- 
ham and  Warwick. 

COWNE.  Probably  Cound,  a  parish  in 
CO.  Salop. 

COWPER.  The  old  spelling  of  Cooper. 
The  j)ronunciation  of  the  poet's  name,  an 
imnccessarily  vexed  question,  is  settled  by 
this  identity.  Both  the  earl  and  the  poet 
sprang  from  a  Sussex  family,  who  in  1495 
wrote  themselves  Cooper. 

COWSTICK.  COSTICK.  See  Cowl- 
stock. 

COWTON.  A  parish  and  two  townships 
in  Yorkshire. 

COX.  COXE.  See  Eng.  Surn.  under 
Cock,  i.  165.  Probably  a  sjaionym  of 
Little.  It  may,  however,  be  the  same  as 
Cook,  from  its  latinized  form,  thus  :  Cocus, 
Cocks,  Cox. 

COXELL.  Either  Coxall,  co.  Hereford, 
or  Coxwell,  co.  Berks. 

COXON.     Coxswain  ? 

COY.     ]M'Coy,  sans  I\Iac. 

COYFE.  See  Quaife,  which  in  Kent  and 
Sussex  was  so  spelt  until  within  the  last 
century. 

COYNE.     See  Coyney. 

COYNEY.  The  manor  of  Weston- 
Coyney,  in  the  parish  of  Caverswall,  co. 
Stafford,  seems  to  have  been  in  possession 
of  the  family  from  temp.  Hen.  III.  B.L.G. 
The  family  probably  came  from  Coigni, 
near  Coutances,  in  Normandy. 

CRABBE.  Probably  a  sobriquet  allusive 
to  the  awkward  gait  of  the  bearer.  It  occurs 
in  H.R.  in  the  same  orthography  and  with- 
out prefix. 

CRABTREE.  Probably  belongs  to  the 
same  category  as  Appletree,  which  see. 

CRACE.  Fr.  gras^  from  Lat.  a-assus,  O. 
Eng.  crasse.     Fat. 

CRACKi^LN'THORPE.  See  Crakcn- 
thorpe. 

CRACROFT.  The  fxmily  were  lords  of 
the  manor  of  Cracroft,  co.  Lincoln,  in  1284. 
B.L.G. 

CRADDOCK.     See  Cradock. 

CRADOCK.  Welsh,  Cradoc,  latinized 
Caractacus — illustrious  in  British  history 
from  the  patriotic  opposition  of  the  Silurian 
leader,  Caractacus,  to  the  forces  of  the 
Roman  emperor  Claudius. 

AS  CUXNING   AS  A  CRAFTl'  CRADOCK. 
This  proverb  in  Ray's  collection  is  supposed 
to  apply  to  an  astute,  and  not  over  con- 
scientious,  ecclesiastic,  John    Cradock,  of 


CRA 


74 


CRA 


Durham,  at  the  eud  of  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury. 
CRAFFORD.     See  Crawford. 

^^CRAFT.     A  corruption  of  Croft,  as  in 
Horscraft,  Calcraft,  &c.     See  Croft. 

CRAFT.     A  northern   pronunciation  of 

Croft. 
CRAFTER.     The   occupant  of  a  craft 

(croft),  or  small  piece  of  laud.     Jamiesou. 

CRAGG.     CRAGGS.     See  Craig. 

CRAGGY.     Probably  Craigie. 

CRAIG.  A  parish  in  Forfarshire,  and 
an  estate  in  Perthshire.  As  a  topographical 
expression,  Craig  has  the  same  meaning  as 
Carrick,  Avhich  see. 

CRAIGHEAD.     A  place  in   the  parish 

of  Dailly,  co.  Ayr. 
CRAIGIE.     Parishes  in  cos.  Ayr,  Perth, 

and  Linlithgow. 

CRAIGMYLE.  Probably  Craigmill,  a 
village  in  the  Clackmannan  division  of  the 
parish  of  Logic. 

CRAKE.  CRAIKE.  A  parish  in  co. 
York. 

CRAKENTHORPE.  A  manor  in  co. 
Westmoreland,  which  had  owners  of  its 
own  name  in  XII.  cent. 

CRALLAN.  Perhaps  from  Crollon,  a 
village  in  the  department  of  La  Manche,  in 
Normandy.  It  is  sometimes  written 
Crellin. 

CRAMBROOK.     Cranbrook,  co.  Kent. 

CRAMER.  Germ.  h-ame7\  a  mercer  or 
general  dealer  in  a  small  way  of  business. 
Creamer  is,  according  to  ITalliwcll,  a  pro- 
vincial name  for  "  ore  who  has  a  stall  in  a 
market  or  fair,"  whith  is  evidently  of  the 
same  origin.  Again,  to  crame  means  in  the 
North  to  join  or  mend,  and  a  tinker  is 
called  a  cramer,     Halliwell. 

CRAMOND.  A  parish  in  tlie  shires  of 
Linlithgow  and  Edinburgh. 

CRAMP.  Possibly  from  Crambe,  a  pa- 
rish in  Yorkshire. 

CEAN.  The  first  syllable  of  several 
local  surnames,  signifying  crane.  This 
was  formerly  a  common  liird  in  Eng- 
l.and,  and  its  designation  was  borrowed 
by  numerous  localities.  Among  sur- 
names we  have — Craney  (the  isle  of 
cranes),  Cranfield,  Cranston,  Craumer 
(crane's  lake),  Cranswick,  Cranwell,  &c. 

CRANBERRY.  Doubtless  local— Cran- 
bury. 

CRANE.  The  bli-d— probably  first  ap- 
plied to  a  tall,  meagre  person.  Cran, 
Crane.  H.R. 

CRANFIELD.      CRANEFIELD.       A 

l)arish  in  Bedfordshire. 

CRANK.  Brisk,  jolly,  merry.  Hal- 
liwell. 


CRANLEY.     A  parish  in  Surrey. 

CRANMER.  Anciently  Crane-mere — 
the  hill  side  of  a  low  swampy  country  at 
Long  Melford,  co.  Suffolk. 

CRANSTON.  A  parish  in  Edinburgh- 
shire, sometimes  written  Cranstoun. 

CRANSTOUN.  See  Cranston.  The 
Cranstouns  were  old  borderers  ,and  their 
motto,  "  Thou  shalt  want  ere  I  want,"  pro- 
bably refers  to  any  Englishman  in  general. 
This  charitable  sentiment  has  its  parallel 
in  the  grace,  after  meat  of  an  old  lady  in 
Sussex:  "  Tliank  God,  I've  had  a  good 
dinner,  and  I  don't  care  who  ha'n't !" 

CRANWELL.  A  parish  In  Lincoln- 
shire. 

CRASHAW.  CRAWSHA^^^.  CRAW- 
SHAY.  Local — '  the  shaw  or  coppice 
frequented  by  crows.' 

CRASKE.  O.  Fr.  eras.  Fat.  Prompt. 
Parv. 

CRA'STER.  The  manor  of  Cra'ster, 
olim  Crawcestre,  near  Alnwick,  was  held 
by  the  family  temp.  Henry  I.,  and  still 
belongs  to  Cra'ster  of  Cra'ster  Tower. 
B.L.G. 

CRASWELLER.     See  Crosweller. 

CRAUFUIRD.      CRAUFURD.       See 

Crawford. 

CRAVEN.  In  the  days  of  chivalry  this 
word  meant  a  coward — one  who  '  craved' 
mercy  from  an  antagonist,  and  it  was  also 
applied  to  a  fighting-cock  that  failed  in 
combat. 

"  No  cock  of  mine,  yoii  crow  too  like  a  (raven." 

Tammg  of  the  Shreio , 

But  the  surname  is  probably  derived  from 
Craven,  a  district  of  Yorkshire. 

g^CPvAW.  The  Anglo-Saxon  word  craw 
or  crajrc  signifies,  not  only  crow,  but  also 
the  jackdaw,  chough,  and  other  con- 
geners of  that  bird.  Several  localities 
bear  names  commencing  with  this 
syllable,  and  surnames  have  been  bor- 
rowed from  them,  as  Crawford,  CraAvley, 
Crawshaw,  Crawthorne,  Crawcombe, 
&c.  In  H.R,  we  have  a  John  Crawe- 
nest,  i.e.  Crow's-nest. 

CRAWCOUR.  This  name,  which  is 
found  in  the  London  Directory,  is  aj^pa- 
rently  a  corruption  of  the  baronial  Creve- 
coeur. 

CRAWFORD.  A  parish  of  Lanarkshire, 
and  several  otlier  places  in  North  Britain. 
Sir  Reginald  de  Craufurd,  sheriff  of  Ayr- 
shire in  12"J6,  seems  to  have  been  the 
common  ancestor  of  many  branches  of  the 
family.  The  name  \vas  anciently  written 
Craufuird. 

Tradition  says  tliat  tlie  first  liearer  of  tliis  name 
was  one  JIackornock,  ivlio  signalized  liimself  at  an 
engagement  by  "  tlic  water  of  Cree  in  Galloway,  by 
discoveringof  aFooi'd,  which  gave  a  signal  advantage 
to  bis  party."  Hence  he  got  the  name  of  Cree-Foorcl 
or  Craufurd!!  See  Crawfurd"s  Description  of  Een- 
frewshire. 

CRAWLEY.       Parishes,    &c.,   In    Nor- 


CRE 


75 


CRO 


thumb.,  Oxon,   Hants,    Sussex,   and  Bed- 
ford. 

CRAY.     A  mutilation  of  jMacray. 

CRAZE.  Ilalliwell  has  "  Crayze,  a  wild 
fellow."     Couf.  Craze  in  Jamieson. 

CREAGH.  This  ancient  Irish  family 
claim  descent  from  the  famous  Niall  of 
the  Nine  Hostages,  and  they  bore  his  name 
tmtil,  in  a  campaign  against  the  Danes,  the 
head  of  this  section  having  come  off  vic- 
torious, the  citizens  of  Limerick  placed 
green  boughs  in  the  headstalls  of  their 
deliverer's  horses,  and  the  chief  himself 
received  the  complimentary  title  of  O'Niall 
na  Creavh,  or  "  O'Niall  of  the  Green 
Branch."  The  crest  of  the  Creaghs  of 
Ballyandrew,  co.  Cork,  is  a  horse's  head 
with  a  laurel  branch  in  the  headstall  of 
the  bridle.     B.L.G. 

CREAKE.     Two  parishes  inXorfolk. 

CREAM.  A  merchant's  bootli;  a  stall 
in  a  market.  Teut.  Tiraem,  taberna  rerum 
venalium.     Jamieson. 

CREAJklER.  See  Cramer.  In  Scotland 
a  pedlar,  or  one  who  keeps  a  booth. 

CREAN.  Formerly  O'Crean,  a  very  an- 
cient family  in  Sligo. 

CREASE.  (A  Lancashire  word.)  Lo- 
ving, fond. 

CREASEY.     See  Creasy. 

CREASY.  Doubtless  from  Crecy  in 
Picardy,  so  memorable  in  English  history 
for  the  battle  between  Edw.  III.  and  the 
French.  The  family  are  said  to  have  come 
hither  at  the  Conquest.  Cressy  appears  in 
Holiushed's  list.  The  name  has  undergone 
many  changes  in  orthography.  Among 
the  tenants  of  the  manor  of  Eobertsbridge, 
temp.  Eliz.  was  an  Edward  Crescye,  and 
Crescye  was  at  that  period  the  mode  of 
spelling  the  French  town. 

CREATON.  Two  places  in  co.  Nor- 
thampton. 

CREE.  Probably  from  McCrie  or  IMa- 
crae. 

CREED.     A  parish  in  Cornwall. 

CREED Y.     A  river  in  Devonshire. 

CREELMAN.  One  who  carries  a  wicker 
basket,  called  iu  the  North  a  creel. 

CREGOE.  An  estate  iu  the  parish  of 
Tregony,  co.  Cornwall. 

CREIGHTON.     See  Crichton. 

CRESEY.     See  Creasy. 

CRESPIK     See  Crispin. 

CRESSET.  A  fire-cage  borne  on  a  lofty 
pole  by  way  of  beacon  or  guiding  liglit. 
See  one  figured  and  described  in  Eug. 
Surn.  i.  203,  20i.  The  soldier  or  watch- 
man who  carried  such  a  light  might  in 
the  XIII.  or  XIY.  cent,  naturally  acquire 
the  surname. 

CRESSWELL.  CRESWELL.  A  town- 
ship and  estate   in  Northumberland,  pos- 


sessed by  the  family  temp.  Rich.  I.,  and 
still  belonging  to  them. 

CRESSY.     See  Creasy. 

CREVEQLTER.  Ilamo,  the  head  of  this 
celebrated  race,  came  into  England  with 
the  Conqueror,  from  Crevecoeur,  his  estate 
in  the  arrondissement  of  Lisieux.  The 
name  was  latinized  '  de  Crepito  Corde,' 
that  is,  says  Laml)arde,  Peramb.  of  Kent, 
'Crackt-Heart.'  By  others  it  is  interpreted 
"  of  the  trembling  heart."  Hamo,  who 
was  sheriff  of  Kent  for  life,  was  otherwise 
called  Sheriff,  alias  Dapifer.     Hasted. 

CRE^^^E.  The  ancestors  of  Lord  C. 
were  lords  of  Crewe,  cp.  Chester,  13  Ed- 
ward I. 

CREWES.     See  Crewys. 

CREWYS.  A  West  of  England  family, 
so  ancient  that  an  old  distich  asserts 
that— 

"  Croker,  Crewys,  and  Coplestone, 
"When  the  Conqueror  came  were  at  home." 

CREYKE.  Probably  from  Craike  in  the 
N.  Fading  of  Yorkshire.  De  Creyke  oc- 
curs in  that  co.  in  the  XIV.  cent. 

CRICHTON.  An  ancient  castle  and  es- 
tate in  Edinburghshire,  well  known  in 
history,  and  long  the  seat  of  the  family. 

"  Crichton !  though  now  thy  miry  court 
But  pens  tlie  lazj-  steer  and  sheep ; 
Tliy  turrets  rude  and  tottered  keep 
Have  "been  the  minstrel's  loved  resort." 

Marinion. 

Here  also     was    born    the    "  Admirable 
Crichton." 

CRICK.  Places  in  cos.  Northampt.  and 
Momnouth.  Camden  derives  the  surname 
from  the  Welsh  "  krick,  that  is  curl-pate." 

CRICKETT.  CRICKITT.  Cricket, 
two  parishes  in  co.  Somerset. 

CRIISIP.     A  dealer  in    coals.     Norfolk. 

Halliw. 
CRIOL.     A  great  Norman    familj^,    (in 

Domesd.  Cruel,)  who  appear  to  have  come 

from  Criel  near  Dieppe. 

CRIPPvS.  The  same  as  Crisp.  Such 
transposition  of  consonants  is  not  un- 
common. 

CRISP.  The  curt  or  abbreviated  form 
of  Crispin. 

CRISPIN.  Grimaldus  I.,  prince  of  iSIo- 
naco,  married  Crispiua,  daughter  of  Eollo, 
duke  of  Normandy,  and  had,  besides  other 
children,  Crispinus,  baron  of  Bee,  who 
flourished  about  the  year  1000.  The  next 
in  succession  assumed  the  paternal  name 
by  way  of  surname,  and  was  called  Gilbert 
Crispin,  baron  of  Bee.  He  had  three  sons 
William,  Gilbert,  and  Milo.  William  and 
Gilliert  fought  at  the  battle  of  Hastings, 
and  Milo,  whether  present  or  not  on  that 
memorable  field,  received  a  large  share  in 
the  spoil,  namely  the  honour  of  Walling- 
ford  and  eighty-eight  loixlships.  See  Gent. 
Mag.,  Jan.  1832. 

CROAK.  The  same  as  Croke.  Fergu- 
son says  0.  Norse,  hrolir,  bent  or  crooked. 


CRO 


76 


CliO 


CROCKER.  1.  A  maker  of  earthen 
jars,  provincially  called  crocks.  Le  Croc- 
kere.  H.R.     2.  A  corruption  of  Croker. 

CROCKFORD.  Possibly  Crocketford, 
a  village  in  co.  Kirkcudbright. 

CROFT.  Places  in  cos.  Leicester,  Lin- 
coln, York,  Durham,  and  Hereford.  Croft 
castle,  in  the  first-named  county,  was  the 
seat  of  an  ancient  family  to  which  it  gave 
name. 


'CROFT.  "  Croft  is  a  little  close  or 
pightle  adjoining  to  an  house,  either 
used  for  pasture  or  arable,  as  the  owner 
pleases;  and  it  seems  to  he  derived 
fi'om  the  old  word  creafi,  that  is  handi- 
craft, because  the  lands  are  for  the 
most  part  manured  with  the  best  skill 
of  the  owner."  Terraes  de  la  Ley.  The 
word  is,  however,  pure  A- Sax.,  and  is 
defined  by  Bosworth  as  a  small  en- 
closed field.  This  is  a  very  common 
termination  for  surnames ;  as  Coek- 
croft,  a  poultry  yard;  Haycroft,  a  rick- 
3''ard ;  Ashcroft,  a  close  where  ash-trees 
grow;  Horsecroft,  a  yard  for  horses, 
Allcroft  (for  Hallcroft)  an  euclosurse  by 
the  hall,  &c. 

CROFTON".  Places  in  cos.  Salop,  Kent, 
York,  and  Lancaster.  The  noble  family 
descend  from  the  Croftons  of  C.  in  the 
last-named  county. 

CROFTS.  Probably  a  pluralization  of 
Croft. 

CROKE.  Apparently  the  same  as  Crooke, 
which  see.  Leswin  Croc,  however,  occurs 
in  Domesd.  as  a  tenant  prior  to  the  Survey, 
in  COS.  Suffolk  and  Essex. 

CROKER.  The  Crokers  of  Lineham  are 
saitl  to  be  of  Saxon  origin  and  to  have 
been  settled  in  Devon  before  the  Conquest, 
on  the  authority  of  an  ancient  alliteratlA'e 
rhyme : — 

"  Croker,  Crewyg,  and  Coplestoiie 
■\\nien  the  Conqueror  came  were  at  home." 

CROLY.     See  Crowley. 

CROMARTIE.  A  town  and  parish  in 
the  shire  of  the  same  name  in  Scotland. 

CROMMELIN".  Samuel  C,  of  a  respect- 
able family  at  Armancour  in  Picardy,  on 
the  Rev.  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  took  refuge 
in  Holland.  His  sons  settled  at  Lisburn, 
in  CO.  Antrim,  as  linen  manufacturers  under 
the  auspices  of  AVilliam  III.    B.L.G. 

CROMPTON".  A  township  in  Lanca- 
shire. 

CROMWELL.  The  family  of  the  Pro- 
tector were  of  Welsh  origin,  and  bore  the 
name  of  Williams.  Though  of  ancient 
descent  they  abandoned  that  surname  at 
the  instigation  of  King  Henry  VIII.,  and 
Sir  Richard  Williams,  the  Protector's 
lineal  ancestor,  being  sister's  son  to  Thomas 
C,  the  noted  vicar-general,  adopted  his 
uncle's  family  name.  That  person  Avas  of 
humble  origin,  and  there  is  no  proof  of  any 
connection  with  the  I,ords  Cromwell  of 
Tateshall  castle,  co.  Lincoln,  whose  pedi- 


gree goes  back  to  the  da5's  of  King  John. 
Cromwell,  the  place  from  which  the  name 
is  derived,  is  a  parish  in  Nottinghamshire. 

CROOK.   CROOKE.   CROOKES. 

Places  in  Westmoreland,  Durham,  and 
Moray,  are  called  Crook,  but  the  name  is 
prolial)ly  identical  with  Croke. 

CROOM.  1.  A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 
2.  Gael.  A  circle  of  stones. 

CROSBIE.     See  Crosby. 

CROSBY.  Parishes,  &c.  in  cos.  Ayr, 
Cumberland,  Lincoln,  York,  Westmoreland, 
and  Lancaster,  and  an  ancient  chapelry  in 
Ayrshire. 

CROSCOMBE.  A  parish  in  co.  Somerset. 
CROSIIAW.     SeeCrashaw. 

CROSIER.  A  crosier  is  a  bishop's  staff, 
fashioned  like  a  shepherd's  crook,  symbo- 
lical of  his  spiritual  pastorate — but  this  is 
an  unlikely  origin  for  the  name,  which  is 
more  probably  dei'ived  fi'om  the  old  Fr. 
croiseur,  one  who  stamps  or  marks  any- 
thing with  a  cross,  or  perhaps  from  croise, 
one  who  has  designated  himself  with  the 
Christian  symbol — a  Crusader. 

CROSS.  This  nnnie  is  sufficiently  ex- 
plained under  the  article  Crouch. 

CROSSE.  "  The  family  of  De  la  Croyz, 
De  Cruce,  Del  Crosse,  Crosse,  as  the  name 
is  variously  spelt  in  ancient  deeds,  were 
seated  at  Wigan,  co.  Lancaster,  in  the 
reign  of  Edw.  I.,  and  about  the  year  1350 
were  seated  at  Crosse  Hall  in  Liverpool, 
and  afterwards  at  Crosse  Hall  in  Chorley." 
B.L.G. 

CROSSFIELD.  A  place  at  Uist  in  the 
Hebrides. 

CROSSKEY.  Doubtless  an  ancient 
trader's  sign — "the  Crossed-kej's,"  perhaps 
originally  borrowed  from  the  arms  of  some 
bishopric.  The  Catholic  dogma  of  the 
"  power  of  the  keys"  led  to  the  frequent 
adoption  of  this  symbol,  as  seen  in  the 
arms  of  the  sees  of  York,  Peterljorough,  St, 
Asaph,  Gloucester,  Exeter,  Ripon,  Cashell, 
Ferns,  Dromore,  Down  and  Connor,  Li- 
merick, &c. 

CROSSLAND.  A  township  in  York- 
shire. 

CROSSLEY.  The  Crossleys  of  Scait- 
cliffe,  CO.  Lancaster,  anciently  Del  Cros- 
legh,  are  of  unknown  antiquity.  B.L.G.  I 
find  no  locality  so  called. 

GROSSMAN.     Probably  from  residence 
near  a  cross.  See  Cross  and  Crouch. 
CROSSWELL.    CROSSWELLER.    In 

the  middle  ages,  when  many  wells  were 
deemed  sacred,  crosses  were  often  erected 
near  them,  to  denote  their  sanctity.  A 
resident  near  such  a  .spot  would  readily  ac- 
quire the  surname  of  Afte  Cross-well, 
which  would  afterwards  modify  itself  to 
Crosswcller.     See  Eng.  Surn.  i.  90. 

CROSTIIWAITE.  A  parish  in  co. 
Cumberland,  and  a  chapelry  in  co.  West- 
moreland. 


CRO 


77 


CRU 


CROSWELLER.     See  under  Crosswell. 

CROTOiSr.  Cro\vton,aparisliin  Cheshire. 

CROUCH.  O.  Eug.  from  Lat.  crux— a 
cross.  The  word  was  applied  in  general  to 
such  crosses  as  stood  at  the  intersection  of 
two  roads.  These  crosses  were  frequently 
dedicated  to  some  saint  and  served  also  as 
direction  posts — and  although  they  have 
long  disappeared,  they  have  left  the  name 
of  '  cross'  and  '  crouch'  upon  many  local- 
ities, especially  in  the  South  of  England. 
In  Sussex,  where  the  name  is  one  of  the 
oldest  indigenous  designations  (especially 
in  the  Cinque  Ports)  it  is  found  in  the 
forms  of  Crouch  and  De  Cruce,  20  Edw.  I. 
Cooper's  "Winchelsea.  In  the  H.R.  it  is 
written  Ad  Crucem,  and  elsewhere  At 
Crouch.  Croucher  and  Crouchman  are 
also  derived  from  the  same  source. 

CROUCHER.     See  Crouch. 
CROUCHMAN.     See  Crouch.     Croche- 

man.  H.R. 
CROUGHTON.  A  parish  in  Northampt. 
and  a  township  in  Cheshire. 

'CROW,    This  initial  syllable  of  several 
local  names  is  borrowed  from  the  bird. 
See   Craw.     Among    other    surnames 
from  this  source  are  Crowhurst,  Crow- 
ley, Cromer,    Croham,    Crowshaw,  and 
perhaps  Crowfoot. 
CROW.     CROWE.     From  the  bird,  like 
Raven,    Rook,    kc.      We  find  it    written 
Craw   in   the  H.R.,   where  also  we  meet 
with  Crawenest  or  Crow's-nest. 

CROWDER.  A  player  on  the  croivd,  an 
ancient  species  of  violin  with  six  strings. 
(Irish  cniii,  Welsh  crivth).  In  the  West  of 
England  a  small  fiddle  is  still  called  a 
"crowdy-kit."  It  appears  to  have  been  a 
favourite  instrument  in  Britain  so  early  as 
the  VI.  cent.  In  Wickliffe's  translation  of 
the  Bible,  in  Judges  xi.  34,  Jephthah's 
daughter  is  described  as  coming  to  meet  her 
father  "  with  tj-mpaus  and  croudix,"  i.  e. 
^vith  drums  and  fiddles.  Way's  Prompt. 
Parv. 

CROWDON.  Croydon,  co.  Cambridge, 
was  formerly  so  written. 

GROWER.  In  the  H.R.  Le  Grower. 
Among  the  religious  puerilities  of  the  mid- 
dle ages  was  the  office  of  "  King's  Cock- 
crower."  I  have  seen  in  some  old  wardrobe 
accounts  of  (I  think)  the  time  of  Edward 
I.  entries  for  the  payment  of  a  person  for 
crowing  like  a  cock  at  the  door  of  the 
king's  bedchamlier  at  Easter.  Hence  pro- 
bably the  surname. 

This  absurd  custom,  winch  was  intencled  to  typify 
Peter's  fall  and  rejjentance,  was  continued  at  our 
court  even  at  the  commencement  of  the  last  century. 
A  rather  laughable  occurrence  led  to  Its  discon- 
tinuance. It  had  been  the  practice  during  Lent  for  an 
official  designated  the  ling's  cock-crower  to  usurp  the 
office  of  watchman  and  to  croic,  instead  of  crying,  the 
hour  of  the  night.  "  On  the  first  Ash-Wednesday 
after  the  accession  of  the  House  of  Hanover,  as  the 
Prince  of  Wales,  afterwards  George  H.,  sat  down  to 
supper,  this  officer  abruptly  entered  the  apartment, 
and  according  to  established  usage  proclaimed,  in  a 
sound  resembling  the  shrill  pipe  of  a  cock,  that  it  was 
*  past  ten  o'clock.'  Taken  by  surprise  and  imperfectly 
acquainted  with  the  English  language,  the  astonislied 


Probably    the     same     as 
Parishes    in   Surrey   and 


prince  naturally  mistook  the  tremulation  of  the  as- 
sumed crow  as  some  mockery  intended  to  insult  him  : 
nor  was  it  >\-lthout  difficulty  that  the  interpreter  ex- 
plained the  nature  of  the  custom,  and  satisfied  him 
that  a  compliment  was  designed,  according  to  the 
coiu't  etiquette  of  the  time.  From  that  period  wa 
find  no  further  account  of  this  important  officer." 
Brady's  Clavis  Calendaria. 

CROWFOOT.     This  name  may  be  local. 

See  Crow,  and  the  termination  FOOT;  but  it 
is  more  probably  deri\ed  from  some  pecu- 
liarity of  gait  on  the  part  of  the  original 
bearer.  '  To  strut  like  a  crow  in  a  gutter, 
is  a  proverbial  phrase. 

CROWHURST.  Parishes  in  Sussex  and 
Surrey,  the  former  of  which  had  land-own- 
ers of  its  own  name  temp.  Edw.  I.  Crow- 
herst.     H.R. 

CRO"WLEY.    A  township  in  co.  Chester. 

CROWN.     A  popular  inn  sign. 

CROWTHER.     See  Crowder. 

CROXTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Cambridge,  Lincoln,  Chester,  Norfolk,  Lei- 
cester, Stafford,  &c. 

CROYDEN. 

Croydon. 

CROYDON. 

Cambridge. 

CROZIEl^v.     See  Crosier. 

CRUCEFfX.     Possibly  a  religious  sign. 

CRUDEN.     A  parish  in  Aberdeenshire. 

CRUIKSHANK.  Scotch.  "  Crooked 
legs" — a  sobriquet. 

CRUISE.     SeeCrewys. 

CRULI.     See  Croom. 

CRUJMP.  Belgic  crom^  uncus.  Crooked, 
in  relation  to  personal  deformity.  "Crumpt 
or  crookt."  Nomenclator,  p.  44.  Hal- 
liwell. 

CRUNDEL.  There  is  a  parish  called 
Crundal,  in  Kent,  and  another  called  Cron- 
dall,  in  Hampshire ;  but  from  the  occurrence 
oi'  Ate  Crundlc'  in  the  H.R.  some  of  the 
families  bearing  the  name  probably  derive 
it  from  the  A-Sax.  cmndcl  or  crundnnjll,  a 
designation  frequently  occurring  in  charters. 
"  I  find,"  says  Dr.  Leo,  "no  explanation  of 
the  word  crund  in  any  of  the  Gothic  dialects, 
except  in  the  Old  High  German.  Accord- 
ing to  the  regular  transposition  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  consonants  in  words  derived 
from  that  dialect,  the  primitive  word  should 
be  chrunt  or  chntntl,  and  this  word  is 
found  in  the  Gloss.  Junii,  where  it  is  ex- 
plained liy  the  middle  Latin  word  cernJa, 
or,  as  it  is  also  written,  cocrola,  i.e.  area, 
areula,2}yxis.  A  Crundel  or  Crundwell  is 
therefore  a  spring  or  well,  with  its  cistern, 
trough,  or  reseiwoir,  to  receive  the  Avater, 
such  as  are  still  found  in  the  banks  by  the 
side  of  great  roads,  sometimes  furnished 
with  an  iron  ladle  secured  by  a  chain." 
Leo's  Local  Nomenclature  of  the  A-Saxons, 
translated  by  Williams,  p.  95. 

CRUNDEN.  A  contraction  of  Crut- 
tenden. 


CUL 


78 


CUP 


CRUSE.     See  Crews. 

CRUTCH.  A  district  in  Halfsliire,  co. 
Worcester. 

CRUTCHER.     The  same  as  Croucher. 

CRUTTENDEN,  vulgo  CRITTEN- 
DEN. A  place  in  West  Kent.  In  1481 
the  name  was  written  Crotynden. 

CRUTTWELL.  Probably  Crudwell,  co. 
Wilts. 

CRUX.     A  latinization  of  Cross. 

CRYER.  Tlie  officer  in  corporate  towns, 
&c.,  who  malces  public  announcements. 

CRYTON.     See  Crichton. 

CUBISON.     SeeCubitt. 

CUBITT.  I  cannot  explain  this  some- 
what common  and  well-known  surname, 
unless  it  be  a  dhninutive  or  corruption  of  a 
personal  name,  which  seems  to  be  supported 
b}'  the  existence  of  tlie  patronymical  Cubi- 
son.  Jamieson  has  "  Cube,  Cubic,  probably 
the  abbreviation  of  Cuthbert."  If  this  con- 
jecture be  correct,  Cubitt  and  Cuthbert  are 
most  likely  identical. 

CUBLEY.     A  parish  in  Derbyshire. 

CUCKNEY.     A  parish  in  co.  Notts. 

CUCKOLD.  According  to  Camden,  a 
corruption  of  the  local  name  Cockswold. 

CUCKOO.  The  bird.  In  the  XIV. 
cent,  it  was  written  Le  Cucko,  Cuckuk, 
Cucku,  &c. 

CUDDIE.  A  Scottish  nurse-name  for 
Cuthbert. 

CUDWORTH.  A  parish  in  Somerset, 
and  a  township  in  Yorkshire. 

CUERTON.  Cuerden,  a  township  in 
Lancashire. 

CUILLEAN,  whence  OCUILLEAN. 
This  name,  which  is  often  corrupted  to 
Cullen,  and  anglicized  to  Collins,  signifies 
cafullvs,  whelp.  Ulster  Journ.  of  Archajo- 
logy,  No.  2.  The  tribe  or  clan  of  Cullen 
took  their  name  from  Cuilean,  an  Irish 
chief  of  the  VIII.  cent.     O'Donovan. 

^^  CUL.  For  scA^eral  names  with  this 
syllable,  see  COL. 

CULCHETH.  A  township  in  Lancashire 
possessed  by  the  family  at  an  early  date. 

CULHAM.     A  parish  in  Oxfordshire. 

CULL.     Silly,  simple.     North.     Ilalliw. 

CULLEN.  1.  Irish.  See  Cuillean.  2. 
An  old  spelling  of  Cologne. 

CULLIFORD.  A  hundred  in  co. 
Dorset. 

CULLING.     See  Cullen. 

CULLOCH.     IMacculloch,  sans  Mac. 

CULPECK.  Probably  Kilpeck,  co.  Here- 
ford. 

CULVER.    A  pigeon.    See  Dove. 

Among  the  ni.ii-vfls  of  the  East,  Sir  J.Mauiuleville 
mentions  that  people  besieged  in  a  town,  so  as  to  be 


cut  off  from  succour  "  maken  letters,  and  b>-nden 
liem  to  the  nekke  of  a  coli'cr,  and  letten  the  coh'er 
flee."  p.  118.    A-Sax.  cul/re. 

CULVERHOUSE.  A  dove-cot.  See 
Culver. 

CUMBER.  1.  The  same  as  Comber.  2. 
"  One  of  the  A-Sax.  words  for  an  ensign  or 
standard  was  cuvibor,  whence  probably 
Cumbra,  the  name  of  an  A-Sax,  chief,  A.D. 
756.  (Roger  of  Wendover).  One  haA'ing  or 
bearing  a  standard.     Ferguson. 

CUMBERLAND.     The  county. 

CUJNUN.     See  Cumming. 

CUMING.  CUMINGS.  See  Cum- 
ming. 

CmiMIN.  CUMMINS.  See  Cum- 
ming. 

CUM]\nNG.  This  ancient  family  claim 
descent  from  the  gi'eat  house  of  Comines  in 
France.  They  seem  to  have  come  into 
Britain  at  the  Conquest,  though  they  do  not 
appear  eo  nomine  in  Domesd.  Holinsbed's 
list  shows  the  name  of  Comin,  and  Leland's 
that  of  Comyn.  According  to  the  Scotch 
genealogists,  Robert  C'uraine  was  earl  of 
Northumberland  by  gift  of  the  Conqueror, 
and  acted  vigorously  against  the  Saxon 
insurgents.  His  descendant,  William  C. 
was  lord-chancellor  of  Scotland  temp,  king 
David  I.,  who  ascended  tlie  thronein  1124, 
and  he  laid  the  foundation  of  what  became 
one  of  the  most  influential  and  wealthy 
houses  in  Scotland.  Courthope's  Debrett. 
Other  authorities  claim  for  the  family  a 
Celtic  original,  chielljr,  it  would  aj^pear,  on 
the  strength  of  there  having  been  an  abbot 
of  Icolmkill  in  the  VI.  cent,  called  Cum- 
mine,  and  another  in  the  VII.  named 
Comineas  Albus.     Dixon. 

CUMMINGS.     See  Cumming. 

CUMNOR.     A  parish  in  co.  Berks. 

CUMBER.  Supposed  by  Ferguson  to 
be  the  same  as  Cumber. 

CUNDALL.  CUNDELL.  A  parish  in 
Yorkshire. 

CUNNIGAN.  In  Ireland  often  con- 
founded with  Cunningham,  though  it  is  a 
distinct  name. 

CUNNING.  Wise,  skilful.  In  this  sense 
the  word  is  employed  in  the  authorized  ver- 
sion of  the  0.  Test. 

CUNNINGHAM.  The  northern  district 
of  Ayrshire,  containing  many  parishes, 
whence  the  old  earls  of  Gleucairn.  Conyng- 
ham  and  Cunynghame  are  varieties  of  this 
name. 

CUNYNGHAiME.     See  Cunningham. 

CUPAR.  Cupar-Angus,  Cupar-Fife, 
Cupar  Grange,  &c.,  well-known  places  in 
Scotland. 

CUPIL.  II.R.  Probably  from  the  old 
French,  Gutqjil,  a  fox,  a  surname  still  in 
use  in  the  vicinity  of  Havre. 

CUPPLEDITCII.  The  same  as  Cobble- 
dick. 


CUR 


79 


CUT 


CURETON.  Terhaps  Cuerden.co.  Lan- 
caster. 

CURLEOPLE.  Gilbert  AVhite,  In  his 
Natural  History  of  Selborne,  mentions  two 
tribes  of  Gijiseys,  who  in  his  time  were  in 
the  habit  of  visiting  that  village.  One  was 
called  Stanley,  "  but  the  other  is  distin- 
tinguished  by  an  appellation  somewhat 
remarkable.  As  far  as  their  harsh  gibberish 
can  be  understood,  they  seem  to  say  that 
the  name  of  their  clan  is  Curlcojilc.  Now 
the  tennination  of  this  word  is  apparently 
Grecian  :  and  as  Mezcray  and  the  gravest 
historians  all  agi-ee  that  these  vagrants  did 
certaiul}'  migrate  from  Egypt  or  the  East, 
two  or  tliree  centuries  ago,  may  not  this 
family  name,  a  little  corrupted,  be  the  veiy 
name  they  brought  with  them  from  the 
Levant?" 

CURLL.  CURL.  Probably  the  same 
as  the  Scottish  carl,  which  is  connected 
■with  the  Germ,  hed,  fortis,  corjiore  robusto 
praeditus.     See  Jamieson. 

CURR.  Doubtless  a  mis-spelling  of 
Ker. 

CURRANT.  R.G.  16.  Has  probably 
some  connection  with  the  Lat.  curro,  and 
the  Fr.  couvant. 

CURRER.  O.  Eng.  cvrrour,  from  Lat. 
curro  ;  a  runner,  running  footman,  mes- 
senger, courier.  Curur  XIII.  cent.,  Currer 
XIV.  cent.     Battel  Abbey  Deeds. 

CURREY.  CURRY,  Three  parishes 
in  Somerset  are  called  Curry.  See,  how- 
ever, Currie  and  Corrie. 

CURRIE.  1.  The  same  as  Corrie.  2. 
A  parish  near  Edinburgh. 

CURRYER.    The  occupation. 

CURS0:N'.     See  Curzon. 

CURTEPIE.  H.R.  Apparently  an- 
glicised from  the  A-NoiTU.  Curtespee,  'short- 
sword,'  from  the  fashion  of  the  original 
bearer's  weapon.  Ho  that  famous  son  of 
Fair  Eosamond,  William,  Earl  of  Salisbury, 
boi'c  the  name  of  Longuespee,  or  Long- 
sword. 

CURTIS.       CURTEIS.       CURTOYS. 

Norm.  Fr.  curteis,  curtols.  Civil,  courteous. 
See  Eng.  Surn.  i.  143. 

CURWEN.  The  Curwens  of  Working- 
ton claim  descent  from  the  famous  Gospa- 
tric,  earl  of  Northumberland.  They  "took 
that  name  by  covenant  from  Culwen,  a 
family  of  Galloway,  the  heir  whereof  the}' 


had  married,"  Camden.  De  Culwen  was 
changed  to  Curwen  temp.  Henry  VI.  B.L.G. 

CURZON.  Geraldine  de  Curzon  came 
into  England  with  the  Conqueror.  His 
descendants  were  in  Derbyshire  temp.  Hen. 
I.,  and  Curzon,  Lord  Scarsdale,  is  'of 
Scarsdale'  in  that  countj'. 

CUSACK.  There  are  two  distinct  origins 
assigned  to  this  name.  On  one  side  it  is 
asserted  that  the  family  spring  from  an 
illustrious  race,  the  Sieurs  de  Cusac  of 
Guienne  in  the  IX.  cent.;  and  on  the  other 
tliat  they  are  of  ancient  Irish  extraction, 
from  Isog,  foimder  of  the  Clan  Isog  or  Clan 
Cusack,  and  eleventh  in  descent  from 
Olioll  Olium,  king  of  Mimster  in  234. 
B.L.G. 

CUSDEN.  CUSDIN.  Cutsdean,  a  cha- 
pehy,  CO.  "Worcester. 

CUSHION,  Co.  Limerick  and  elsewhere. 
A  corruption  of  Mac  Ossian.  It  is  other- 
wise written  Cushin  and  Cussen,  and  an- 
glicised to  Cousins,  but  pronounced  Cuz- 
zeen.    Ulster  Journ.  of  Archceol.  No.  2, 

CUSHIN.    CUSHIXG.     See  Cushion. 

CUSSEN".     See  Cushion. 

CUTBEARD.     See  Cuthbert. 

CUTBUSH.     See  Bush, 

CUTCHEY.  A  supposed  corruption  of 
Culcheth. 

CUTHBERT.  An  A-Sax.  baptismal 
name,  whence  also  Cuthbertson,  the  cor- 
ruption Cutbeard,  the  diminutive  Cutts, 
and  perhaps  Cuxon, 

CUTHBERTSON.    See  Cuthbert. 

CUTLER  (in  Scotland  often  CUTLAR). 

The  trade,  from  coutcan,  Fr.  a  knife,  coute- 
lier,  a  knife-maker.  In  the  H.R.  we  find 
it  written  Le  Coteler  and  Le  Cotiler. 

CUTTER,  A  northern  provincialism 
for  engraver.     Halliw. 

CUTTLE,  Cuthill  or  Cuttle  is  a  suburb 
of  Prestonpans,  co.  Haddington.  In  several 
surnames  the  final  le  represents  hill  in  a 
shortened  pronunciation.  This  remark 
may  be  of  use  to  the  i-eader,  to  whom  I 
would  say  in  the  words  of  an  illustrious 
possessor  of  this  name — "  ^^^len  found 
make  a  Note  of." 

CUTTS.  CUTS.  Camden  thinks  this  is 
a  nickname  of  Cuthbert, 


DAL 


80 


DAL 


D. 


DaBB.    DABBS.    DABSON.    Dab  Is, 

I  think,  a  trivial  or  nurse-name  of  David. 

DABNEY.    a  corruption  of  D'Aubigne. 

DACE.  Not  so  likely  from  the  fish  so 
called  as  from  some  continental  locality 
named  Ace  or  Aes  with  the  prefix  D'. 

DACRE.  Early  genealogists  pretend 
that  this  name  was  borrowed  during  the 
Crusades  from  Acre  in  Palestine,  (quasi 
DAcre).  "  The  d' Acres  took  tlieir  name 
from  Acres  in  the  Hoi}'  Land,  where  one 
of  their  ancestors  fouglit.  Mr.  Gale  would 
derive  the  name  from  the  Cohors  Dacorum 
stationed  here," — viz.atDacre,  co  Cumber- 
land. Hutchinson's  Cumb.  i.  4G8.  What- 
ever may  have  been  the  origin  of  the  name 
of  the  place,  there  is  no  doubt  that  tlie 
famil}'  derive  their  surname  from  it,  as  we 
find  them  in  possession  temp.  Edw.  I.,  and 
from  them  at  a  subsequent  period  sprang 
the  two  noble  houses  of  Lord  Dacre  of  Gils- 
land,  called  Dacre  of  the  North,  and  Lord 
Dacre  of  Herstmouceux,  called  Dacre  of 
the  South.  Tlie  latter  title  came  however 
through  a  female  into  the  family  of  Fynes, 
from  whom  through  other  female  Imes  it 
has  descended  to  the  present  peer. 

DADD.  DADE.  Probably  an  ancient 
personal  name,  since  we  find  the  derivative 
Dadson. 

DADSWELL.  Probably  from  Dowdes- 
well,  a  parish  in  Gloucestershire. 

D'AETH.  An  old  Kent  fiimlly,  said  to 
have  come  originally  from  the  towji  of 
Aeth  in  Flanders.  'I'he  name  has  been  cor- 
rupted to  Deatii. 

DAFFY.     A  diminutive  of  David. 

DAGGr.  Ferguson  thinks  it  may  be  de- 
rived from  the  Teut.  dccc/,  day. 

DAGGER.  Probably  from  the  Imple- 
ment, like  Sword,  Brownbill,  &c. 

DAILY.  DAELLEY.  Dailly,  a  parish 
in  Ayrshire. 

DAIN".    DAINES.     See  Dane. 

DAINTRY.  Daventry,  co.  Northamp- 
ton. 

DAISY.  Possibly  from  Vnn  ancient 
barony  of  Aisie  (D  Aisie)  in  the  arrondisse- 
ment  of  Pont  Audemer  in  Normandy — now 
written  Aisier. 

DAKIN.      DAKEYNE.      See   David. 

The  motto  of  this  widely-spread  family, 
Stuyke  Dakeyne,  the  Devil's  in  the 
Heju'E,  is  said  to  have  originated  from  an 
incident  in  a  sea-fight.  It  was  used  temp. 
Edw.  VI.,  and  probably  much  earlier. 

D'ALBIAC.  There  are  three  towns  In 
Languedoc  bearing  the    name  of  Albiac. 


The  family  derive  from  Albiac  del  Conte  in 
the  department  of  Aveyron.  They  were 
early  and  devoted  adherents  to  the  reformed 
faith.  At  the  massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew 
(24  Aug.,  1572,)  four  out  of  seven  brothers 
of  this  name,  who  were  then  residing  at 
Paris,  fell  beneath  the  knife  of  the  assassin. 
The  surviving  three  escaped  into  Languedoc, 
where  their  descendants  remained  in  com- 
parative security  until  after  the  Revocation 
of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  in  1GS5,  when  some 
of  the  descendants,  abandoning  all  consider- 
ations of  fortune,  kindred,  and  country,  fled 
from  a  land  where  they  could  not  exercise 
the  religion  of  their  adoption,  and  settled  in 
England.  These  were  James  D'Albiac  of 
Nismes.  and  his  three  sons,  James,  Simon, 
and  Pierre,  who  left  France  in  1G93.  The 
last  however  embraced  Pioman  Catholicism, 
retui-nod  to  his  native  country,  and  re- 
gained a  portion  of  the  confiscated  estates. 
Thepresentrepresentativeofthisancientand 
noble  family  in  England,  is  Her  Grace  the 
Duchess  of  Poxburghe,  daughter  of  the  late 
Lieut.  Gen.  Sir  Charles  D'Albiac,  K.C.H., 
who  was  third  in  descent  from  James  D'Al- 
biac of  Nismes. 

DALB Y.  Parishes  In  cos.  Lincoln,  York, 
Leicester,  &c. 

g^^DALE.  A  termination  of  local  sur- 
names. It  signifies,  generally,  a  valley, 
and  in  the  North  more  particularly  a 
river  valley,  as  Tyndal  fi-om  the  Tjne, 
Annandale,  from  the  Annan,  Tisdale 
from  the  Tees,  Esdaile  from  the  Esk, 
Iledesdale  from  the  Rede,  &c. 

DALE.  A  valley.  The  medieval  form 
was  At  Dale,  softened  afterwards  to  A'Dale, 
as  often  found  in  parisli  registers  of  the 
XVI.  cent.,  and  widely  renowned  through 
the  ballad  of  Robin  Hood  and  AUin  a'Dale. 
In  the  H.R.  we  find  Dc  Dale,  and  De  la 
Dale. 

DALGETY.     A  parish  In  co.  Fife. 

DALGLEISH.     Local  In  Scotland  ? 

DALISON.  A  supposed  corruption  of 
D'Alenyon,  from  the  town  in  Normand}', 
and  said  to  liave  been  introduced  at  the  Con- 
quest. Its  older  forms  are  Dalysou  and  Dal- 
lison. 

DALLAS.     Aparish  in  co.iMoray.     The 

name  is  traced  by  Douglas  to  the  year  1298, 
as  De  Dallas.  Other  ancient  orthographies 
are  De  Doleys  and  Dollas. 

DALLAWAY.  Dallwey  occurs  without 
prefix,  in  H.R.  co.  Lincoln. 

DALLING.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

DALLINGTON.     A  jwrish  in  Sussex. 

DALLISON.  The  extinct  baronet's  fa- 
mily are  said  to  have  descended  from 
William  d'AIanzon  (Alen^on)   who  came 


DAM 


81 


DAN 


into  England  with  the  Conqueror.    Burke's 
Ext.  Baronetage.     See  Dalison. 

DALLMAN.  1.  Possibly  Dale-man,  an 
inhabitant  of  a  valley.  In  Scotl.  a  "  dale's- 
man."     2.  The  same  as  D'Almaine. 

DALIMAIIOY.  An  estate  in  the  shire  of 
Edinburgh,  whose  owners  of  the  same 
name  were  great  barons  in  the  XIII. 
cent. 

D'ALMAINE.     See  Almaine. 

DALMAN.     See  Dallman. 

DALRY.  A  town  and  parish  in  Ayr- 
shire. 

DALRYIMPLE.  About  the  end  of  the 
thirteenth  century  the  lands  of  Dalrumpill 
or  Dalrumpyl  in  Ayrshire  belonged  to  the 
ancestors  of  the  Earl  of  Stair,  who  as- 
sumed their  surname  from  them.  Gaelic 
etymologists  derive  the  name  of  the  place 
from  Dal-clirom-2fuil,  "  the  meadow  of,  or 
by,  the  crooked  pool."  This  reno-mied  fa- 
milj',  which  has  probably  produced  more 
eminent  men  than  any  other  in  Scotland, 
was  not  ennobled  until  the  XVII.  century, 
by  the  title  of  Viscount  (afterwards  Earl)  of 
Stair. 

DALSTON".  Ranulph  de  INIeschines, 
earl  of  Chester,  temp.  Will.  Conq.,  gave 
Dalston  in  Cumberland  to  Robert,  second 
brother  of  Hubert  de  Vaux,  who  derived 
his  name  from  that  manor,  and  founded 
the  family. 

DALTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Lancaster,  Northumberland,  Durham, 
York,  Dumfries,  Lanark,  &:c.  Dalton 
Hall,  in  the  first  named  co.,  had  owners  of 
its  own  name  temp.  Edw.  III.  From  them 
sprang  the  Daltons  of  Thuruham. 

DALTREY.  De  Alta  Ripa.  See  Haw- 
trey. 

DAL  WAY  The  Irish  family  migrated 
from  Devonshire  in  1573,  under  Walter, 
earl  of  Essex,  B.L.G. 

DAL  YELL.  The  same  as  Dalzell  and 
Dalziel,  which  see. 

DALYNGRUGE.  Sir  Edward  Da- 
lyngruge,  the  builder  of  Bodiam  Castle, 
CO.  Sussex,  in  the  XIV.  cent.,  was  des- 
cended from  a  family  who  possessed  Da- 
lyngruge,  a  manor  near  East  Grinstead, 
now  called  Dallingridge.  The  name  was 
variously  written  Dalyngrigg,  Dalegrigg, 
Dal)'ngregge,  &c. 

DALZIEL.  DAI^ZELL.  Anciently  writ- 
ten Dallyell,  Daleel,  Dalyiel,  &c.  From 
the  barony  of  Dal-ycel  (i.e.  '  the  beautiful 
meadow')  on  the  river  Clyde.  The  Earls 
of  Carnwath  are  the  chiefs  of  the  family. 
The  often-quoted  romantic  story  which  as- 
signs another  origin  for  the  name  (See 
Eng.  Surn.  ii.  8.)  has  neither  history,  ety- 
mology, nor  common  sense  to  support  it. 

DAMARELL.  The  family  descended 
from  Robert  de  Albemarle,  a  great  tenant 
in  chief  under  William  the  Conqueror  in 
Devonshire.     Stoke  Damarell   and  Milton 

M 


Perhaps  from  A. -Sax.  Dense, 


Damarell  have  hence  their  suffixes.  Ly- 
sons'  Devon. 

DAMER.  This  name,  as  well  as  Da- 
mory,  is  said  to  have  been  derived  from 
the  Norman  fief  of  De  la  Mer,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Seine. 

DAMES.  1.  Perhaps  the  same  as  Ames 
with  the  local  prefix  D'.  2.  Perhaps  an 
old  personal  name.  Dame  without  prefix 
is  found  in  H.R. 

DAMORY.  Said  to  be  synonymous 
with  Darner. 

DAMPIER.  Dampierre,  a  place  near 
Dieppe,  and  another  in  the  department  of 
Orne,  both  in  Normandy. 

DAMPRECOURT   and   DAMPRETI- 

COURT  occur  in  Norman  times,  but  of 
their  origin  I  am  ignorant,  except  that  they 
are  French  and  local. 

DAMSON.  "  Dame's  son,"  but  whether 
the  son  of  Dame,  apparently  an  old  Chris- 
tian name,  or  "  filius  dominaB,"  I  know 
not. 

DANBY,  (i.e.  the  Dane's  dwelling.) 
Parishes  in  Yorkshire. 

DANCASTER.  A  corruption  of  Don- 
castei". 

DANCE. 

Danish. 

DANCER.  One  skilled  in  the  saltatory 
art.  One  Hervius  le  Dansur  is  found  in 
the  H.R. 

DANCE Y.  1.  A  corruption  of  Dantsey, 
or  Dauntsej'^,  a  parish  in  Wiltshire.  2. 
Dance,  a  place  in  the  department  of  Orne, 
in  NormaudJ^ 

DAND.  DANDY.  Familiarly  used  in 
Scotland  for  Andrew.  Pitcairn's  Trials, 
Index. 

DANDEL  YON.  Fr .  Bent  de  lion,  "lions 
tooth  ;"  probably  from  the  formidable  cha- 
racter of  the  first  M'ho  bore  it.  So  CcEur 
do  Lion,  Front  de  Breuf,  &c.  This  fixmily, 
of  Norman  origin,  were  great  proprietors  in 
the  Isle  of  Thanet,  and  became  extinct 
about  the  beginning  of  Edw.  IV.  See 
Lewis's  Isle  of  Tenet,  1723, 

DANDO.  1.  A  corruption  of  DAnlo. 
Ashton  Daudo,  a  tything  in  the  parish  of 
Ashton,  was  formerly  called  Ashton  D'Anlo. 
Curios,  of  Bristol.  2.  An  O.-Germ.  per- 
sonal name.  Several  persons  of  this  sur- 
name occur  in  H.R. 

DANDY.  See  Dendy.  One  Dandi  oc- 
curs in  the  H.R.  of  Lincolnshire  as  an 
under  bailiff,  luit  whether  that  was  his 
surname  or  his  Christian  appellation  does 
not  appear. 

DANE  occurs  singly  in  Domesd  ,  in  the 
counties  of  Notts  and  Lincoln,  as  a  personal 
name,  like  Norman,  Frank,  &c. ;  and  Da- 
nus  as  a  distinctive  epithet  or  surname  is 
added  to  the  personal  names  Osnaund,  Si- 
mond,  Strang,  and  Tm-chil  to  indicate 
their   Danish    birth    or    extraction.     But 


DAIl 


82 


DAS 


Dane  is  also  a  topographical  expression, 
the  meaning  of  which  is  not  clear.  In  the 
H.R.  we  find  both  Atte  Dane,  and  De  la 
Dane. 

DANGER.  D'Angevs— from  Angers, 
the  capital  of  Anjoii  in  France. 

DANGERFIELD.     See  Dangerville. 

D'ANGERVILLE.  Five  places  in 
Normandy  still  Ijcar  the  name  of  Anger- 
ville. 

DANIEL.  The  baptismal  name,  very 
common  as  a  surname,  and  the  parent  of 
Daniels,  Dann,  &c. 

DANIELS.     See  Daniel. 

DANN.     See  Daniel. 

DANSAYS.  French  Protestant  refugees 
who  settled  at  Rye,  co.  Sussex,  in  1685,  im- 
mediately after  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict 
of  Nantes.     HoUoway's  Rye,  582. 

DANSEY.  William  Dauntesey  lield 
lauds  in  Wiltshire  temp.  Henry  III.,  and 
his  son  Richard  D.  held  lands  in  that  co. 
and  in  Hereford.  Camden.  See  Dancey. 

DANTZIGER.  A  native  of  Dantzig, 
the  capital  of  West  Prussia,  according  to 
the  German  mode  of  adding  ER  to  denote 
residence  in  a  to^vn. 

DANVERS.  William  Denvcrs,  evidently 
one  of  the  Conqueror's  adherents,  occurs 
in  the  Norfolk  Doniesd. ;  and  genealogists 
assert  that  a  Roland  D'Anvers  assisted  at 
the  Conquest.  The  name  may  he  derived 
from  the  city  of  Antwerp,  continentally 
written  Auvers. 

DAPIFER.  Qui  dapes  fert.  Qui  cibos 
menScB  imponit.  Literally,  a  bearer  of 
dainties — a  sewer  ;  in  old  times  a  principal 
officer  in  the  households  of  kings  and 
magnates.  This  was  boi-ne  as  a  second  or 
ofticial  surname  by  several  distinguished 
persons  under  the  Norman  kings,  especially 
by  the  celebrated  Eudo  Dapifer  of  Domesd. 
He  was  fourth  sou  of  Hubert  de  Rie,  and 
steward  of  the  Conqueror's  household. 
Kelham. 

DARBEY.     See  Darby. 

DARBISHIRE.     See  Counties. 

DARBY.  A  corruption  of  Derby.  So 
Darbishire  from  Derbyshire. 

D'ARCY.  DARCEY.  Under  William 
the  Conqueror,  Norman  de  Adreci,  or 
Areci,  was  a  tenant  in  chief  in  Lincoln- 
shire, which  was  the  principal  seat  of  the 
family  during  many  generations,  whence 
the  earl  of  Holderness.  Collins'  Peerage. 
The  name  was  gradually  corrupted  to  its 
present  form.  The  name  Audresset,  appa- 
rently the  same,  still  exists  in  the  Norman 
town  of  Louviers. 

DARELL.  "William  de  Orrell,  a  gen- 
tleman of  the  north  parts  of  Normandie, 
soe  called  of  a  castle  and  family  of  that 
countrie,  (and  soe  by  contraction  the  ^-owels 
E  and  0  arc  changed  to  A,  l)y  whicli  Darell 
is   pronounced    for   De   Orell.)  the  which 


came  in  with  the  Conqueror,  being  for  his 
good  services  done  in  the  North.  .  .  .  en- 
dowed Avith  the  possessions  of  a  Saxon 
called  Etheldred  of  Broadsworth,  an  an- 
cient seat  twelve  miles  west  of  Yorke." 
Such  is  the  statement  attached  to  an  old 
pedigree  quoted  in  Burke's  Commoners. 
The  family  were  undoubtedly  ancient  at 
Sesay  in  Yorkshire,  but  there  appears  to  be 
no  documentary  evidence  for  the  above 
assertion ;  neither  does  any  place  in  the 
north  of  Normandy  bear  the  name  of  Or- 
rell. The  Norman  origin  of  the  family, 
is,  however,  probable. 

DARKE  or  DARK.  This  name,  which 
is  not  uncommon  in  the  West  of  England, 
is  probably  identical  with  the  De  Arcis,  of 
Domesday  book.  William  d'Arques,  or  de 
Arcis,  was  lord  of  Folkestone,  co.  Kent, 
temp.  William  I.,  having  settled  in  Eng- 
land after  the  Norman  Conquest.  His  an- 
cestors were  vicomtes  of  Arques,  now  a 
bourg  and  castle,  four  or  five  miles  from 
Dieppe  in  Normandy.  Stapleton  on  the 
barony  of  William  of  Arques,  in  Canter- 
bury Report  of  Brit.  Ai-chffiological  Asso- 
ciation, p.  166. 

DARKIN.  A  corruptiou  of  Dorking,  a 
town  in  Surrey,  still  so  pronounced  by  the 
uneducated  of  the  locality. 

DARKMAN.     From  complexion. 

DARLEY.  A  parish  and  a  township  in 
CO.  Derby. 

DARLING  iElfmar  Dyrling,  a  noble 
youth,  is  mentioned  in  the  Saxon  Chro- 
nicle. Mr.  Kemble  says,  "  chjrlbm  and  c\l(l, 
(darling  and  child)  are  terms  used  to  de- 
note the  young  nobles  of  a  house,  perhaps 
exclusively  the  eldest  son,  in  whom  all  ex- 
pectation rests."  The  difficulty  is,  to  ac- 
count for  such  designations  having  become 
hereditary  surnames. 

DARLINGTON.  A  town  in  co.  Dur- 
ham. 

DARNALL.  DARNELL.  A  chapelry 
in  CO.  York. 

DARNTON.  Tlie  local  pronunciation 
of  Darlington. 

DARRINGTON.     A  parish  in  York- 
shire. 
DART.     A  river  of  Devonshire. 

DARTJtIOUTH.  A  town  in  Devon- 
shire. 

DARTON.     A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

DARVELL.    DARVILL.      An    estate 

near  Battel,  co.  Sussex. 

DARWIN.  Deorwynwas  an  A-Sax.  fe- 
mnle  name.  Ferguson,  p.  198. 

DASENT.     See  Decent. 

DASH.  Possibly  from  De  Ash,  a  local 
name. 

DASHWOOD.  I  cannot  find  any  locality 
so  called,  but  the  name  may  have  been 
originally  De  Ashwood,  then  D'Ashwood, 


DAV  83 


and  finally  Dashwood.  This  wonld  an- 
swer to  the  old  latinization,  De  Fraxineto, 
a  twelfth  century  surname,  ^Yith  which  it 
is  doubtless  identical. 

DAUBENEY.  The  same  as  D'Albini. 
See  Albiui  De. 

D'AUBERXON.  The  Abernon  of 
Domesday  sprang  from  the  fief  in  Nor- 
mandy of  that  name,  and  was  tenant  in 
chief  in  co.  Surrey,  giving  name  to  Stoke 
Daubcrnon. 

DAUBUZ.  The  first  immigrant  of  this 
family  into  England  was  the^Rev.  Charles 
Daubuz.  "  He  was  a  native  of  Guienne,  but 
at  twelve  years  of  age  was  driven  from  his 
native  country,  with  his  only  surviving 
parent,  Julia  Daubuz,  by  the  religious  per- 
secution of  IfiSG.  ...  He  died  in  1717." 
Hunter's  Hallamshire,  page  175. 

DAUKES.     Like  Dawkes,  a  diminutive 

of  David. 
DAUNE.     Probably   from  Fr.   aune,  an 

alder  tree. 

DAUNT.  Said  to  be  the  same  as  the 
Dauntre  of  the  so-called  Battel  Abbey  Roll. 
B.L.G. 

DAYEiSTEY.  The  town  and  castle  of 
Avene,  near  Louvaine  in  Flanders,  were 
occupied  l.\y  our  King  Edward  I.,  and  fi'om 
that  place  the  family  probably  migrated  to 
England.  In  1279  we  find  John  and  Hugh 
de  Aveney  resident  at  Lakenheath  and 
Wongford,  co.  Suffolk.  At  a  later  period 
the  name  in  different  forms  is  found  in  the 
neighbouring  counties  of  Norfolk  and  Cam- 
bridge. In  the  fifteenth  century  it  under- 
went various  corruptions,  and  w-as  written 
Daubenev,  Daubeny,  Deweney,  &c.  Still 
later  it  got  twisted  out  of  all  identity  of 
form  as  Dybnye,  Debuey,  Dibney,  and  even 
Obney.  At  length  these  different  spellings 
came  to  distinguish  ditferent  branches, 
until  towards  the  middle  of  the  last  century, 
when  the  orthography  prevalent  in  each 
was  fixed  and  handed  down,  the  knowledge 
of  any  former  identity  between  such  differ- 
ing names  having  been  lost,  except  to  such 
genealogical  enquirers  as  ilr.  H.  Daveney, 
of  Norwich,  who  has  courteously  supplied 
these  particulars.  The  Catton  branch  of 
the  family  appear  to  have  preserved  the 
old  and  correct  orthography  for  more  than 
three  centuries  back. 

DAYENPORT.  A  township  and  estate 
in  Cheshire,  which  gave  name  to  a  family 
remarkable  for  their  fecundity,  as  witness 
the  proverb,  As  MAXY  Dayexports  as 
bogs'  tails.  They  claim  descent  in  an 
unbroken  line  from  one  Ormus  de  Daven- 
port, who  flourished  in  the  time  of  the 
Conqueror. 

DA\Ti:S.     See  David. 

DAYEY.  DAYIE  DAYY.  Three 
forms  of  David,  which  see.  The  first  is  the 
English,  the  second  the  Scottish,  and  the 
third  the  more  prevalent  Welsh  ortho- 
graphy. 


DAW 

DAVID.  Though  of  ancient  standing  in 
Wales,  this  Christian  name  scarcely  ap- 
pears in  England  before  the  Conquest. 
Modified  in  various  forms  it  has  since  pro- 
duced many  family  names,  some  of  which 
are  among  the  commonest  in  use,  as  Da- 
vids, Davidson,  Davidge — Davey,  Davy, 
Davie — Davies,  Davis,  Daviss,  Daves,  Da- 
vison. From  Daw,  the  nickname,  come 
Dawe,  Dawes,  Daws,  Dawson,  Dawkes, 
Dawkins,  Dawkinson,  and  from  another 
form  of  the  nickname,  according  to  Cam- 
den, we  get  Day,  Dayes,  Dayson,  and 
Dakin. 

DAYIDGE.    See  David. 

DAVIDS.    DAVIDSON.     See  David. 

DAVIES.  See  David.  Owing  to  the 
commonness  of  the  Welsh  patronymical 
use  of  Davies,  this  name  stands  fifth  in 
point  of  numerousness  m  England  and 
Wales,  yielding  priority  only  to  Smith, 
Jones,  Williams,  and  Taylor.  In  the  XVI. 
Ann.  Rep.  of  the  Registrar  Gen.,  the  num- 
ber of  Williamses  registered  within  a  given 
period  was  21,930,  Taylors  10,775,  and 
Davises  14,983 ;  but  as  Davis  is  to  all  in- 
tents and  purposes  identical  with  Davies, 
bj'  adding  in  0200  Davises,  this  name  num- 
bers 21,188  individuals,  beating  the  Tay- 
lors out  of  the  field,  and  well-nigh  van- 
quishing the  Williamses.  In  fact  Ijy  taking 
in  the  Davisses  and  the  Daveses,  I  believe 
the  aggregate  of  the  name  would  stand 
next  after  Smith  and  Jones  for  numerous- 
ness. 

DAVIS.     DAVISS.      See    Davies    and 
David. 

DAVISON.     See  David. 

DAWBEIl.     The   medieval   name   of  a 
plasterer.     Le  Daubere.  H.R. 

DAWE.  DAWES.  DAWS.    See  David. 

In  some  cases  the  derivation  may  be  from 
the  O.-Fr.  aive,  which  Roquefort  defines  as 
a  water,  river,  fountain,  or  pond ;  and  this 
notion  is  supported  by  the  former  mode  of 
writing  the  name— D'Awes,  which  makes 
it  the  equivalent  of  De  Aquis. 

DAWKES.     DAAVKINS.     See  David. 

DAWNAY.     The   genealogists   of  Vis- 
count Downe's  family  set  out  with  a  state- 
ment that  '■  Sir  Paine  Dawnay,  of  Dawnay 
Castle  in  Normandy,  came    in   with   the 
Conqueror  ;"  but  this  off-hand  account  re- 
quires a  little  examination.     In  the    first 
place,  I  do  not  see  the  surname  in  Domes- 
day, and  secondly,  though  somewhat  versed 
in  tlie  topography  of  Normandy,  I  cannot 
find  '  Dawmay  Castle'  where  the  respectable 
knight  had  his  residenee.     Yet  substantial 
truth  is  probably  conveyed  in  this  spark- 
ling sentence.     Daunay  is  doubtless  D'Au- 
nai,  and  there  are  at  least    seven  places 
called  Aunai  in  Normandy,  one  of  which, 
Aunai  I'Abbaye,  in   the   arrondissement  of 
Yire,  was   an   ancient   barony,  and  from 
thence  probalily  the  family  came.     At  all 
events    the   D"Aunays    were    eminent    in 
Cornwall  in  the  fourteenth  century.    As  a 


DAY 


84 


DEA 


"  Curiosity  of  Heraldry,"  I  may  note  that 
the  crest  of  the  family  is  a  Demi-Saracen, 
holding  in  one  hand  a  lion's  paw,  and  in 
the  other  a  gold  ring  set  with  a  sapphire. 
This  cognizance  originated,  it  is  said,  in 
manner  following.  Sir  'William  D.  was 
made  a  '  general'  at  Acre  hy  King  Cceur- 
de-Lion  in  1192,  for  having  killed,  first  a 
chief  prince  of  the  Saracens,  and  afterwai-ds 
a  mighty  lion,  whose  paws  he  cut  off  and 
presented  to  Richard.  The  king,  delighted 
with  the  'general's'  exploit,  took  a  ring 
from  his  royal  finger  and  presented  it  to 
him ;  and  that  sapphire  ring  is  still  in 
the  possession  of  Lord  Downe — tangible 
evidence  of  the  truth  of  this  circumstantial 
narration. 

DAWSON.  See  David.  The  late  earl 
of  Portarlington  averred  tliat  it  ought  to  be 
D'Ossoune  1  Arthur  says  there  is  a  town 
in  Normandy  called  Ossone,  hut  the  Itin. 
Norm,  does  not  give  it. 

DAY.  1.  See  David.  2.  A  tradition 
states  that  a  follower  of  the  Conqueror 
settled  at  Eye  in  Suffolk,  and  assumed 
therefrom  the  name  of  D'Eye  or  Deye. 

DAYES.     See  David. 

DAYLABOURER.  From  the  occupa- 
tion. 

DAYMAN  A  known  corruption  of 
Dinan.    B.L.G. 

DAYRELL.  This  flimlly  who  gave  the 
suffix  to  Lillingston  Dayrell,  co.  Bucks, 
which  they  have  possessed  from  temp. 
Eichard  I.,  are  of  a  common  stock  with  the 
the  Darells  of  Sesay,  Calehill,  &c.  See 
Darell. 

DAYSON.     See  David 

DE.  A  French  preposition  prefixed  to 
a  surname  to  show  tliat  the  bearer  is 
owner  of  a  certain  estate  or  teri'itory,  as 
Jourdaiu  de  Sarpieville,  William  de 
Warren.  This  practice  which  originated 
in  France,  and  which  still  continues  to 
some  extent  in  that  country,  was  one 
of  the  many  importations  of  the  Nor- 
man Conquest.  Such  followers  of  Wil- 
liam as  had  been  noble  before  the  Con- 
quest, generally  retained  their  ancestral 
denominations  after  they  accpiired  their 
lands  in  England,  but  their  younger 
sons  and  others  applied  the  de  to  those 
estates  which  had  been  awarded  to 
them  as  their  portion  of  the  conquered 
country,  and  styled  themselves  De 
Hastings,  De  Winton,  De  Bodiam,  &c. 
This  prefix  continued  in  use  till  the 
fifteenth  century  when  it  was  gradually 
laid  aside.  During  the  present  century 
a  few  instances  of  the  resumption  of  the 
DE  have  occurred,  with  the  sanction  of 
the  royal  sign-manual.  In  France  at 
the  present  day  it  is  regarded  as  a  dis- 
tinctive mark  of  nobility,  and  though 
one  not  belonging  to  the  "noblesse" 
should  bear  it  liy  courtesj',  it  would  not 
be  conceded  to  liim  in  any  legal  instru- 
ment. He  would  be  dis]3aragingly  des- 
cribed as  "  Bernardin   Sauville,    com- 


vinnement  appclU  Bernardin  de  Sau- 
ville,"  or  the  like.  Many  families 
have  borrowed  surnames  from  places  of 
which  they  were  never  proprietors,  but 
in  medieval  documents  the  DE  is  gene- 
rally pretty  good  evidence  that  either 
the  person  himself  or  some  ancestor 
owned  tlie  lands  from  which  his  name 
was  derived. 

The  French  DE  must  not  be  con- 
founded witii  the  Dutch  DE,  which  is  an 
article  equivalent  to  our  the  and  the 
French  le.  The  latter  occurs  in  a  few 
family  names  naturalized  here  and  in 
America. 

DEACON.  The  ecclesiastical  office. 
Walter  the  Deacon  ivas  at  the  compilation 
of  Domesday  a  tenant  in  chief  in  the  coun- 
ties of  Gloucester  and  Essex. 

DEADLY.     See  Deadman. 

DEADMAN.  A  known  coiTuption  of 
Debenham.  In  Sussex  it  is  further  cor- 
rupted to  Deadly! 

DEAKIN.     The  same  as  Dakiu. 

DEAL.  The  town  in  Kent.  Sometimes 
a  corrui^tion  of  Dale. 

DEALCHA]\IBER.  A  corruption  of 
De  la  Chambre. 

DEALTRY.     See  Hawtrey. 

DEAN.  DEANE.  A-Sax.  denu,  a  valo 
or  plain.  Atte  Dene  is  the  common  form 
in  old  times,  implying  residence  at  such  a 
place.  Tliere  arc,  however,  eighteen  pa- 
rislies  or  places  called  Dean  in  the  Gazet- 
teer of  Engl.,  and  Dene  occurs  in  Domesd. 
as  a  personal  appellation. 

DEANS.  A  village  district  of  Lanark- 
shire. 

DEAR.  1.  Appears  to  be  synonymous 
with  the  Fr.  family  name  Cher,  the  Latin 
Cams,  &c.  2.  Deor  occurs  in  the  Codox 
Exoniensis  as  a  personal  name.  It  is 
doubtless  derived  from  the  deer,  so  spelt  in 
A-Sax. 

DEARDEN.  Evidently  local,  perhaps 
from  a  place  so  called  near  Edenfield  in 
Bury,  CO.  Lancaster.  "  The  ancient  and 
modern  pronunciation  of  the  name  by  the 
natJA'cs  of  Lancashire  is  Du-er-dcn,"  which 
Cowell,  with  fanciful  ingenuity,  interprets 
"  a  thicket  of  wood  in  a  valley."  See 
B.L.G.  The  Deardens  of  Eochdale  Manor 
claim  descent  from  Eh'as  de  Duerden, 
temp.  Hen.  YI.,  but  so  eai-ly  as  the  thir- 
teenth century  the  name  of  Durden,  Dur- 
dent,  or  Duredent  is  variously  applied  to  a 
certain  kniglit  Mho  may  have  been  a  pro- 
genitor of  the  family. 

DEARING.     See  Dering. 

DEARLING.     See  Darling. 

DEARLOVE.  1.  Possibly  local- from 
deer,  the  animal,  and  low,  a  liill.  2.  The 
old  Germanic  personal  name  Deorlaf. 

DEARMAN.  1.  An  A.  Sax.  personal 
name.  In  Domesday  Dereman  and  Der- 
man.     2.  A  keeper  of  deer. 


D  E  E  85 


DEARY.  "  There  was  a  Diora,  bishop 
of  Rochester,  whose  name  must  have  been 
au  epithet  of  affection."   Ferguson. 

DEASE.  "  Of  Milesian  origin."  B.L.G. 
But  as  the  oldest  individual  of  the  family 
of  Dees  or  Dease  adduced,  lived  no  longer 
since  than  the  days  of  Heury  VII.,  we  must 
take  this  statement  at  its  fair  value. 

DEATH.  "  Death"  was  a  common  cha- 
racter in  the  medieval  mystei-ies  or  miracle 
plays :  but  this  surname  is  probably  de- 
rived from  a  local  source.  Aeth  is  a  place 
in  Flanders,  and  the  family  of  Deatli  or 
D'Aeth  of  Knowlton,  baronets,  are  asserted 
to  have  come  from  that  locality.  See 
IBurke's  Ext,  Baronetage. 

DE  BATHE.  Hugo  de  Bathe  is  said  to 
have  accompanied  Strongbow  into  Ireland 
in  1176.  The  surname  was  probably  de- 
rived from  the  city  of  Bath. 

DEBENHAJNI.  DEBNAM.  A  town  in 
Suffolk. 

DE  BLAQUIERE.  John  Blaquicrc, 
Esq.,  settled  in  England  after  the  Revoca- 
tion of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  1GS5,  and  his 
son,  Sir  John  B.,  was  created  Baron^  de 
Blaquiere  in  the  peerage  of  Ireland.  The 
chief  branch  of  the  family  had  been  long 
seated  at  Sorraye,  in  Limousin,  and  had 
ranked  among  the  noblesse  of  France  for 
more  than  five  hundred  years.  Previously 
to  the  expatriation,  the  immediate  ancestry 
of  Mr.  John  B.  resided  at  Loreze  in  Lau- 
guedoc.     Courthope"s  Debrett. 

DEBONXAIRE.  Fr.  I\Ieek,  gentle, 
good-natured.  Settled  in  England  after 
the  Rev.  of  the  Edict,  of  Nantes  ;  descend- 
ants of  John  Debonnaire,  of  St.  Quentin— 
now  represented  by  Wm.  Debonnaire  Hag- 
gard, Esq.,  F.S.A.  There  was,  however,  a 
much  earlier  importation  of  the  name  into 
England,  for  I  find  in  the  H.R.  the  name  of 
one  Philip  Debeneyre. 

DE  BURGH.  The  Marquis  Clanricarde 
deduces  his  descent  from  Charles,  5th  son 
of  the  Emperor  Charlemagne,  who  was  the 
common  ancestor  of  the  counts  of  Blois, 
the  kings  of  Jerusalem,  the  great  baronial 
De  Burghs  of  England,  the  Burkes  of  Ire- 
land, and  a  number  of  otlier  ancient  fami- 
lies. The  surname  is  said  to  have  been 
assumed  by  John,  earl  of  Comj-n,  in  the 
XI.  cent. 

DECENT.  Probably  from  the  becoming 
demeanour  of  the  first  owner  of  the  surname. 
Daseut  may  be  a  corruption. 

DECKER.  Dutch,  iMlier,  one  who 
covers  roofs  with  tile,  slate,  or  thatch. 

DE  CRESPIGNY.  "This  f\xmily  is 
originally  of  Normandy,  where  Maheus 
Champion  was  lord  of  Crespigny  about 
1350."     Courthope's  Debrett. 

DEE.  Well-known  rivers  in  Cheshire 
and  Aberdeenshire. 

DEEBLE.  Perhaps  one  of  the  numerous 
corruptions  of  Theobald. 


DEL 

DEEKER.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Dacre. 

DEER.  DEERE.  Sometimes,  doubtless, 
from  the  animal,  like  Buck,  Hart,  Stagg, 
&c. ;  but  it  is  also  a  local  name  from  two 
parishes,  Old  and  New  Deer,  in  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

DEGORY.     See  Digory. 

DE  HORNB.  The  ancestors  of  the  De 
Homes,  of  Stanway  Hall,  were  exiled  from 
Holland  for  their  Protestantism  temp. 
Elizabeth.  Oliver  De  Home,  of  Nieuw- 
Kirke,  near  Ipres,  settled  at  Norwich  temp. 
James  I.     B.L.G. 

D  EIGHT  ON.  A  parish  and  places  in  co. 
York. 

B^°  DEL.  A  Norm.  Fr.  prefix  to  many 
medieval  surnames,  signifying  "of  the  " 
as  Del  Dykes,  Del  Claye,  Del  Ho,  &c. 


^i°  DE  LA.  Fr.  "  of  the."  This  prefix  is 
found  with  many  medieval  surnames.  It 
does  not  necessarily  imply  the  French 
extraction  of  the  bearer,  for  manj^of  the 
names  are  purely  English ;  e.  g.  De  la 
Broke,  De  la  Bury,  De  la  Cumbe,  De  la 
Dale,  De  la  Field,  De  la  Forde,  De  la 
Fenne,  De  la  Grene,  De  la  Halle,  De  la 
Hoke,  De  laLaue,  De  la  Pleystowe,  De 
la  Stone,  and  very  many  others  occurring 
in  medieval  records. 

DE  LA  BECHE.  (Probably  Beke— 
see  that  name.)  Nicholas  De  la  Beche,  of 
Aldworth,  co.  Bucks,  was  a  baron  by  writ 
summoned  to  parliament  16.  Edw.  III., 
13-12. 

DELACHAMBRE.     See  Chambre,  de  la. 

DE  LA  CHEROIS.     At  the  Rev.  of  the 

Ediet  of  Nantes,  1685,  three  brothers  of 
this  ancient  and  noble  French  familj'  fled 
into  Hollajid,  and  were  received  into  one  of 
the  Huguenot  regiments  raised  by  the  Prince 
of  Orange.  They  accompanied  that  per- 
sonage to  England  at  the  Revolution,  and 
eventually  settled  in  Ireland.  The  family 
came  originally  from  Cheroz  or  Cherois,  in 
the  province  of  Champagne.     B.L.G. 

DE  LA  CONDAMINE.  This  ancient 
and  noble  family,  distinguished  through 
many  generations  for  their  military  and 
literary  abilities,  were  long  settled  in  Lan- 
guedoc,  and  a  branch  were  recently  resident 
at  Metz.  The  English  branch  derive  from 
Andre  de  la  Condamine,  co-seigneur  de 
Serves,  bom  in  1 665.  This  gentleman,  who 
was  the  head  of  the  family,  professed  the 
Protestant  faith  and  took  refuge  from  per- 
secution in  this  country  about  the  year 
1714,  with  his  lad}%  Jeanne  Agerre,  '  fille 
de  noble  Pierre  Agerre  de  Fous,'  and  six  of 
their  children.  The  eldest  son,  Pierre,  re- 
turned to  his  native  country  and  to  the 
ancient  faith.  Heavy  misfortunes  befel 
him  ;  he  lost  a  portion  of  his  property  by 
the  great  earthquake  of  Lisbon,  and  the  re- 
mainder by  a  fire  at  Paris.  The  De  la  Con- 
damines  of  Guernsey  and  England  are 
descended  from  Jean  Jacques,  the  fourth 
son  of  Andre.     xVbout  the  period  of  the 


DEM 

Revolution  of  1 789,  the  family  conceiving 
a  horror  of  ever_y  thing  French  disused  the 
De  la,  ■which  however  they  have  of  late 
years  resumed.  The  origin  of  this  surname 
is  vei'y  curious.  The  family  were,  as  we 
have  seen,  co-seigneurs  of  Serves  and  as 
such  the  head  of  the  house  wrote  himself 
Condominusi  {o\  '■'■\o\\\\..  lord  ")  which  by  a 
slight  orthograjjliical  change  became  De  la 
Condamine,  andsettled  down  into  an  heredi- 
tary surname.  It  is  right  however  to  add, 
that  a  junior  Ijrauch  have  always  main- 
tained "que  son  nom  venait  de  Campus 
Domini,  le  champ  du  maitre,  ou  le  champ 
seigneurial,  et  dans  1'  ancien  lanquedocien, 
on  apellait  du  nom  de  Condamine,  le  champ 
oul'euclos  attenant  au chateau  du  seigneur." 
(the  field  or  enclosure  belonging  to  the  lord's 
castle.)  Nobiliare  Universel  de  France, 
Paris,  1819,  vol.  xvi.  p.  447. 

DE  LA  MER.     See  Damory. 

DELAMOTTE.     See  Motte. 

DELANY.       The     Irish     patronymical 
O'Dulaine  has  been  thus  gallioiscd. 

DELAP.     A  known  corruption  of  Duu- 
lop,  which  see. 

DE  LA  POLE.     See  Pole. 

DELARUE.     Fr.  »  Of  the  street." 

DEL  AUNE.  Fr.  de  I  mine,  "  Of  the  elder 
tree,"  congenerous  with  Oak,  Ash,  &:c. 

^i^DE  LE.  This  prefix  is  found  with  a 
few  medieval  surnames,  as  De  le  Uerne, 
De  le  Hil,  De  le  Clif.  It  is,  of  course, 
the  equivalent  of  the  modern  Fr.  du, 
"  of  i\ie:'     See  De  la. 

DELFOSSE.  Fr.  De  la  Fosse.  "Of 
the  Ditch."     See  Foss. 

DE  L'ISLE.     See  Lisle. 

DELL.  A  little  dale  or  valley.  From 
residence  in  one. 

DELLER.  One  who  resided  in  a  dell. 
See  termination  Eit. 

DELLOW.     Fr.  De  VEau.     The   same 

as  Waters. 

DELMAR.  Yr.  De  la  Mcr.  "Of  the 
Sea." 

DEL0R:\IE.  Fi'.  De  VOrme.  The  same 
as  Elms. 

DELVE.  DELVES.  De  Delve  occurs 
in  H.R.  indicating  the  local  origin  of  the 
name.  I  do  not  find  the  place.  The  A- 
Sax.  delf,  derlf,  means  a  digging,  and  the 
name  may  be  cogjiate  with  Ditcli,  Foss,  &c. 

DEINION.  Tliis  name  is  found  in  the 
IGth  Report  of  the  Registrar-General.  I 
have  not  met  with  it  elsewhere.  It  may, 
perhaps,  have  descended  from  medieval 
times,  and  from  some  one  who  played  the 
devil  in  a  miracle  plaj'.  A  more  proliable 
origin,  however,  is  fronr  the  nortliern  dec, 
day,  and  man,  man;  day-man,  a  man  who 
works  by  the  dny ;  or  from  the  Fr.  Du  ]Mont. 

DE  J^IONTMORENCY.  The  family 
derive   from  Geoffrey   of  Montraorenci,  a 


86  DEN 

younger  son  of  Hervc  de  Montmoreiici, 
grand  butler  of  France,  whose  elder  son 
was  ancestor  of  the  great  Dukes  de  Mont- 
morency, of  Luxembourg,  of  Beaumont, 
and  Laval.  Geoffrey's  descendants  had 
large  possessions  in  England  and  Ireland, 
in  which  latter  country  they  eventually 
settled.  In  the  XV.  century  they  assumed 
the  name  of  Morres,  but  the  ancient  and 
distinguished  patronymic  -was  resumed  by 
the  third  Viscount  Montmorency,  who  suc- 
ceeded to  the  title  in  175G. 

DEMPSTER.  A  judge ;  the  ofllcer  of  a 
court  who  pronounces  doom.  A-Sax.  dcman, 
to  judge.  Jamieson.  The  Isle  of  Man  is 
divided  into  two  districts,  over  each  of  which 
a  deemster  still  presides.  Before  the  Union, 
there  was  an  officer  in  the  Scottish  senate 
called  the  Dempster  of  Parliament,  pro- 
bably corresponding  with  the  English 
"  Speaker."  This  office  was  hereditary  in 
the  ancient  family  of  Dempster  of  Auchter- 
less,  and  hence  their  surname.  In  the  old 
M.S.  poem  called  Cursor  Mundi,  quoted  by 
Halliweil,  we  read  : — 

"Ayoth  -was  thenne  demesler 
Of  Israel  foure-score  yeer." 

'DEN.  A  local  termination,  frequently  oc- 
curring in  the  Weald  of  Kent  and  Sussex. 
It  is  synonymous  with  (/m«,  a  valley;  but 
in  this  district  it  has  the  peculiar  signifi- 
cation of  "a  woody  valley,  or  place  yield- 
ing both  covert  and  feeding  for  cattle, 
especially  swine."  Somner's  Roman 
Ports  in  Kent,  p.  108.  The  right  of  pan- 
nage, or  hog-feeding,  in  this  woody  tract 
— the  Sylva  Anderida  of  anterior  times 
— is  called  in  Saxon  charters  Denhera. 
Somner.  Dr.  Boswortli  defines  denhcere 
as"wood-bearing,woody,yieldingmast." 
In  a  charter  of  the  year  804,  Kenwulf, 
King  of  Mercia,  and  Cuthred,  King  of 
Kent,  gave  to  the  Monks  of  St.  Augustine 
"  xiij  denberende  on  Andred,"  which  a 
chronicler  subsequently  rendered,  "  xiij 
dennas  glandes  portantes — 13  Dens 
yielding  acorns  or  mast  in  the  forest 
of  Andred."  The  following  list  con- 
tains such  surnames  with  this  termi- 
nation as  appear  to  me  to  belong  exclu- 
sively to  the  Wealden  district  of  Kent, 
Sussex,  and  Surre}\ 

Ashenden. 

Balldcn,  Barnden,  Blechenden,  Bod- 
denden,  Brickeuden,  Blunden,  Boulden, 
Brigden,  Brissenden,  Barden,  Brogden. 

Couden,  Colxlen,  Chittenden,  Couden, 
Cruttendcn,  Crunden,  Chapden,  Carden. 

Evernden. 

Fishenden,  Fowden,  Farnden. 

Gosden,  Godden,  Gadsden,  Goulden. 

Hepden,  Ilaffenden,  Horsmonden, 
Hasden,  Harenden,  Henden,  Hensdeu, 
Haiselden,  Ilearnden,  Hesden,  Hosden, 
Ilolden,  Hoverdcn,  Hovenden,  Holm- 
den,  Hayden,  llobden,  Harden,  Hordcn. 

Igglesden,  Iden,  Iddenden. 

Jenden . 

Lumsden,  Lcchenden,  Lovenden, 
Lowden. 


DEN  87 


Maplesden,  May  den,  Marsdeu. 

Neweuden,  Norden. 

Ockenden,  Oxenden,  Ovenden,  Ogden, 
Odeu  (?) 

Plurenden,  Polesden,  Pagdeu,  Pittles- 
den,   Pattendcn,  Picklesden. 

Quittenden. 

Pvigden,  Ramsden,  Rayden. 

Singden,  Siiiden,  Surrenden,  Shatter- 
den,  Standen,  Sladden,  Southerden, 
Sugden. 

Tappenden,  Twissenden,  Tenterden, 
Tildeu,  Twysden. 

Uden. 

Varden. 

Whelden,  Witherdeu,  Wickenden, 
Wisden,  Wetherdeu. 

Yalden. 

DENBIGH.  Probably  from  Denby,  a 
parish  in  co.  Derby,  rather  than  from  the 
AVelsh  town. 

DENCE.     See  Dench. 

DENCH.  Denshe  and  Dench  are  me- 
dieval forms  of  Danish.  A-Sax.  Denisc. 

DENDY.  The  family  tradition  is,  that 
the  name  -svas  originally  D'Awuay,  or 
Dawndy.  In  the  sixteenth  century  it  was 
written  Dendye,  and  from  that  time  the 
cliief  habitat  of  the  family  has  been  the 
borders  of  Surrey  and  Sussex.  In  the  pa- 
rish register  of  Newdigate,  co.  Surrey,  I 
have  observed  the  spellings  Dandie,  Dandy, 
Dendj'.  See  Dawnay. 

DENHAM.  Parishes  in  cos.  Suffolk  and 
Bucks. 

DENIAL.  "  Martha  Denial,  widow,  set. 
75,  was  buried  in  Ecclesfield  churchyard, 
Srd  Feb.  1851.  Her  husband,  Joseph  De- 
nial, told  the  parish  clerk  that  his  grand- 
father was  found  when  an  infant  deserted 
in  a  church-porch,  and  that  he  was  sur- 
named  Denial  as  one  whom  all  deny,  and 
was  christened  Daniel,  which  is  composed 
of  the  same  letters.  This  is  the  tradition 
of  the  origin  of  a  surname  now  common 
in  this  parish."  Notes  and  Queries,  III., 
p.  323. 

DENIS.     See  Dennis. 

DENISON.  DENNISON.  The  son  of 
Denis.     See,  however,  Dennistoun. 

DENMAN.  See  the  termination,  den 
and  31AN.  The  form  in  H.R.  is  Ate  Dene. 
A  dweller  in  a  dene  or  '  den'  would  be 
called  a  Denman  or  a  Denyer.  The  writer 
of  the  article  on  Surnames  in  Ediub.  Rev. 
April,  1855,  thinks  the  original  Denman 
■was  a  swineherd. 

DENMARK.     From  the  country. 

DENNE.  An  ancient  Kentish  family 
deduced  from  Robert  de  Dene,  butler 
(2)incerna)  to  Edw.  the  Confessor.  He  is 
said  to  have  been  a  Norman,  though  the 
surname  is  English,  and  is  doubtless  de- 
rived from  West  Dean,  co.  Sussex.  Sussex 
Arch.  Coll.  V.  157. 


DER 

DENNETT.  1.  A  diminutive  of  Denis. 
2.  There  is  an  unsupported  tradition  in  the 
Sussex  family  that  the  name  was  originally 
At  Denne,  or  Dean,  and  that  by  a  syllabic 
transposition  it  became  Den-At  or  Dennett. 

DENNINGTON.     A  parish  in  Suffolk. 

DENNIS.  DENIS.  A  baptismal  name  : 
the  patron  saint  of  France.  Sometimes, 
however,  as  Ferguson  observes,  it  may  be 
from  the  A.-Sax.  Denisca,  Danish,  and 
this  is  confirmed  by  the  Le  Deneys  of  the 
H.R. 

DENNISTOUN.  The  Dennistouns  «  of 
that  Ilk,"  have  an  extraordinary  way  of 
accounting  for  their  surname.  One  Dan- 
ziel,  or  Daniel,  (say  they)  probably  of  Nor- 
man extraction,  settled  in  Renfrewshire, 
and  calling  the  estate  Danzielstoun,  as- 
sumed therefrom  his  surname !  The  family 
are  unquestionably  ancient,  the  name  ap- 
pearing in  a  charter  of  king  Malcolm  IV., 
who  died  in  1165,  but  the  Norman  Danziel 
is  probably  a  genealogical  figment.  The 
English  Denisons  are  said  to  have  sprung 
from  a  cadet  of  this  ancient  house,  who 
went  from  Scotland  temp.  Charles  I.,  and 
fought  at  Marston  Moor.  B.L.G. 

DENNY.  DENNEY.  Denis— the  bap- 
tismal name.  Some  families  so  called  are 
known  to  have  settled  here  from  France 
after  the  Rev.  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes, 
1685. 

DENSILL.  DENZIL.  An  estate  in 
Mawgan,  co.  Cornwall,  which  was  possessed 
by  the  family  do^^^l  to  the  sixteenth  cent., 
^^•heu  one  of  the  heirs  female  married 
Hollis. 

DENSTON.  Places  in  cos.  Stafford  and 
Suftblk. 

DENT.  A  township  and  cliapclry  in 
Yorkshire,  and  a  place  in  Northumber- 
land. 

DENTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Durham, 
Hunts,  Kent,  Lancaster,  Lincoln,  Norfolk, 
Oxon,  Northampt.,  Sussex,  York,  and  Nor- 
thumlierlaud. 

DENl^ER.     See  Denman. 

DE  PUTPtON.  The  village  or  contree 
de  Putron,  of  which  the  family  were  an- 
ciently lords,  is  in  Guernsey,  but  there  is 
good  authority  in  the  heraldic  archives  of 
Paris  for  the  De  Patrons  having  ranked 
among  the  nobility  of  Normandy  in  the 
thirteenth  century.  They  seem  to  have 
been  resident  near  Falaise.  De  Puytren, 
Avell  known  as  the  name  of  the  eminent 
French  surgeon,  has  been  supposed  to  be 
identical. 

DERBl^     The  town. 

DERICK.  DERRICK.  A  contraction 
of  Theodoric.     Ainsworth. 

DERING.  The  source  of  this  ancient 
family,  (whence  the  affix  of  Surenden- 
Dering,  co.  Kent.)  appears  to  be  from  that 
of  De  Morinis,  who  probably  originated  in 
the  territory  of  the  IMorini  in  the  N.E.  of 
France.     One  of  the  early  members,  De- 


A    solitary    place. 


DEV 

ringus  de  M.,  seems  to  liave  stamped  his 
baptismal  appellative  upon  his  descendants 
as  a  surname  in  the  t^>-clfth  century. 
See  Hasted's  Kent ;  but  it  is  to  be  remarked 
that  tliere  was  in  that  county  prior  to 
Domesday  a  tenant  who  bore  the  name  of 
Uerinc  Alius  Sired. 

DE  RINZY.  The  estate  of  Clobemon, 
CO.  Wexford,  was  granted  by  Charles  I.  to 
Sir  Matthew  de  Renzy,  a  native  of  Cullen 
in  Germany,  and  a  descendant  of  George 
Castriota,  the  famous  Scanderbeg.  The 
family  still  possess  Clobemon  Hall.  B.L.G. 

DERMOTT.     See  Diarmuid. 

DERN.    DERNE. 

A. -Sax.  dicriia. 

DERRICK.  A  Flemish  Christian  name. 
See  Derick. 

DESCHAMPS.  (Now  Chamier).  Fr. 
Protestant  refugees  from  Bergerac  in  Pe- 
rigord. 

DESPAIR.  "  Richard  Despair,  a  poor 
man  buried."  Par.  Reg.,  East  Grinstead, 
Sussex,  1726.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
the  French  family  name  Despard. 

DESPENCER.  DESPENSER.  See 
Spencer  or  Spenser. 

DE  ST.  CROIX.  INIany  places  in  France 
and  particularly  in  Normandy  are  dedicated 
to  the  Holy  Cross.  The  English  family 
left  Normandy  at  the  Rev.  of  the  Edict  of 
Nantes,  and  settled  in  the  island  of  Jersey 
from  whence  they  have  subsequently  trans- 
ferred themselves  to  this  country. 

Since  their  settlement  in  Eng).an(l,tlie  family  liave 
uniformly  omitted  the  E  linal  of  Sainte,  contrary  to 
grammar — apparently  for  the  purpose  of  maldiig  the 
name  more  intelligible  to  the  Englisl\  eye. 

DE  TEISSIER.  A  member  of  the  noble 
Italian  family  Teisseri  of  Nice,  settled  in 
Languedoc,  and  his  descendants  became 
Bavons  of  France.  Lewis,  Baron  de  Teis- 
sier, settled  in  England  in  the  last  century, 
but  the  title  of  baron  was  disused  until 
1819,  when,  at  the  desire  of  Louis  XVIII. 
and  with  the  consent  of  the  Prince  Regent, 
it  was  resumed  by  Janaes  de  Teissier,  the 
representative  of  the  family. 

DETHICK.  An  estate  in  Derbyshire, 
now  Dethwick,  which  was  possessed  by 
the  family  temp.  Hen.  III. 

DEUCE.  In  various  dialects  this  is  one 
of  the  many  aliases  of  the  Devil.  The 
name  (which  may  be  found  in  the  Kith 
Report  of  the  Registrar  Gener.al)  is  more 
probably  a  corruption  of  D'Ewes,  which 
see. 

DEUCHAR.  An  ancient  parish  in  co. 
Selkirk. 

DEVALL.    See  Devoll. 

DEVENISH.  The  flimily  first  appear 
as  gentry  in  co.  Sussex  about  the  year 
1399.  The  name,  clearly  indicative  of  a 
Devonshire  origin,  is  cognate  with  Kentish, 
Cornish,  &c.  The  Irish  branch,  who  trans- 
ferred themselves  to  the  sister  island  in 
tlie  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  have  a  tradition 


88  DEW 


that  it  is  corrupted  fi-om  a  Saxon  root  sig- 
nifying "deep  Avaters,"  and  that  their 
original  patron3'mic  was  Sutton  ;  but  there 
is  no  evidence  of  the  truth  of  either  state- 
ment. Le  Deveneys,  Deveneys,  and  De- 
venist  are  found  in  H.R.,  and  there  is  an 
Isabella  la  Deveneis. 

DEVERELL.  In  most  cases  the  same 
as  Devereux.  There  are,  however,  English 
localities  called  Deverell  and  Deverhill  in 
cos.  Dorset  and  Wilts. 

DEVEREUX.  "Of  this  family,  which 
had  its  surname  from  Eatgux,  a  town  in 
Nonnandy,  and  came  into  England  with 
the  Conqueror,  there  were  divers  genera- 
tions in  England  before  they  became 
barons  of  the  realm."  Banks.  Bar.  i.  287. 

DE\T*}Y.  I  have  no  doubt  of  the  local 
origin  of  this  name,  though  Ferguson  con- 
siders it  a  diminutive  of  "  dove." 

DEVIL.  This  surname  occurs  in  many 
languages;  but  the  only  instance  of  it 
which  I  recollect  in  England  is  that  of  the 
monk,  AVillelmus  cognomento  Diabolus. 
See  Eng.  Surn.  i.,  223.  The  French  De 
Ville,  naturalized  amongst  us,  has  often 
been  misunderstood  to  be  the  synonym  of 
Satan,  and  various  vov.'el  changes  have 
been  made  by  the  I.tearers  of  it  to  avoid 
tjiis  very  objectionable  notion.  Hence  it 
is  commonly  ^n-itten  Divall,  Divoll,  Devall, 
&c.,  while  in  records  Devol,  Devile,  De3n'il, 
&e.,  are  fomid. 

DEYOLL.  Notwithstanding  my  expla- 
nation of  Devil  by  De  Ville,  Mr.  Ferguson 
deduces  the  pedigree  of  Devoll,  Devall,  &c., 
direct  from  Satan,  which  is,  methinks, 
gi-\aug  the  devil  more  than  his  due.  By 
way  of  salvo,  however,  Mr.  Ferguson 
admits  that  they  may  possibly  be  diminu- 
tives of  "  dove !" 

DEA^'ON.  Perhaps  from  Devonshire  ; 
but  it  may  be  from  the  river  Devon  in  the 
cos.  of  Perth,  Kinross,  and  Clackmannau. 

DEVONPORT.  Must  be  a  corruption 
of  Davenport,  for  the  large  suburb  of  Ply- 
mouth now  so  called  has  only  borne 
that  designation  a  few  years. 

DEVONSHIRE.     From  the  county. 

DEW.  Probably  from  Eu  in  Normandy, 
commonly  called  la  Ville  (VEu. 

DEWAR.  A  hamlet  in  the  parish  of 
Heriot,  Edinburghshire.  The  patriarch  of 
the  flimily  is  said  to  have  received  the 
lands  of  Dewar  in  reward  for  his  having 
slain  a  formidable  wolf.    Gaz.  of  Scotlancl. 

DEWDNEY.     See  Doudney. 

DEWES.  "Sir  Simouds  was  grand- 
child unto  Adrian  D"ewes,  descended  of  the 
ancient  stem  of  Des  Ewes  [des  Eaux,  the 
synonym  of  our  English  TCaf^rA']  dynasts  or 
lords  of  the  dition  of  Kessel  in  the  duchy  of 
Gelderland,  who  came  first  thence  when 
that  province  was  wasted  with  civil  war,  in 
the  beginning  of  king  Henry  the  Eighth." 
Fuller's  Worlliies  iii.  195. 

DEWEY.     Walter  de  Dounai  was  a  sreat 


DIG 


89 


baron   and  lord  of  Bampton   and    Were, 
under  William  the  Coniiucror.     In  Domesd. 
he  occurs  as  a  tenant  in  capite  in  the  coun- 
ties of  Devon,  Wilts,  Dorset,  and  Somerset. 
He  is  sometimes  called  Walscinus.     It  is 
probable   that  he    came   from    Douay   in 
France. 
DE  WINTON.     Robert  de  Wintona,  or 
de  Wincestria,  (doubtless  a  native  of  Win- 
chester)  went   into  Glamorganshire   with 
Robert  Fitzhamou,  soon  after  the  Conquest, 
and  built  the  castle  of  Lanquian,  near  Cow- 
bridge.     His  descendants  continued  to  use 
those  names  for  many  generations,  but  at 
length  their  place  was"  usurped  by  the  bye- 
name  (for  it  can  hardly  be  a  corruption) 
Wvlcolyna  or  Wylklyu,  and  this  was  at 
length    further    degraded    into     Wilkins. 
Tlius   it  remains   with   many   of   the  ex- 
isting branches,    though  others    have   by 
royal  authority  resumed  the  ancient  desig- 
nation of  De  Winton. 
DEWSBURY.     A  town  in  Yorkshire. 

DEXTER.  Possibly  from  Lat.  dexter, 
in  the  sense  of  lucky,  fortunate — the  ^iiii- 
i\\Qi\s  oi  fbmter ;  but  more  likely  a  con- 
traction of  De  Exeter,  from  the  chief  town 
of  Devonshire. 

D'EYNCOURT.  Walter  de  Aincurth 
or  D'Eyucourt  came  over  with  William  the 
Conqueror,  and  received  from  him  several 
lordships  in  the  shires  of  Northampton, 
Derby,  Nottingham,  York,  and  Lincoln,  in 
which  last  Blankney  became  his  caput 
baroniffi.     Kelham"s  Domesd. 

DIAL.     A  corruption  of  Doyle. 

DIA]\IOND.  In  the  parish  register  of 
Brenchley,  co.  Kent,  there  is  an  entry  to 
the  effect  that,  in  1612— 'John  Diamond, 
son  of  John  du  Mont  the  Frenchman,  was 
baptized.'  The  elder  Du  Mont  was  a 
Kentish  iron-master,  who  had  settled  in 
that  county  from  France.  Inf.  H.W. 
Diamond,  M.D.,  F.S.A. 

DIARMUID.  An  ancient  Irish  personal 
name,  anglicized  to  Dermott,  Darby,  and 
even  to  Jeremiah.  Ulst.  Jouru.  ArchffioL, 
No.  2. 

DIBBLE.  Perhaps  the  same  as  Tipple, 
Theobald. 

DIBDIN.  Dihden,  a  parish  in  Hamp- 
shire. 

DICEY.  Probably  local— though  Fer- 
guson thinks  it  may  be  0.  Germ.,  Disi  or 
Disa,  from  Goth,  deh,  wise. 

DICK.     See  Richard. 

DICKENS.  The  same  as  Digons,  which 
see. 

DICKER.  A  district  in  Sussex,  formerly 
an  extensive  waste.  Ate  Dykere  occurs 
temp.  Edw.  III.  among  the  Barons  of  the 
Cinque  Ports,  and  le  Dykere  some  years 
earlier,  in  the  same  county. 

DICKESOX.     See  Richard. 

DICKIiSTS.     See  Digons  and  Ricliard. 


DIL 

DICKISON.     See  Richard. 

DICKMAN.  1.  From  residence  near  a 
dyke,  or  possibly  a  constructor  of  dykes, 
locally  called  dicM.  2.  The  same  as  Dyke- 
man. 

DICKS.     See  Richard. 

DICKSEE.     The  same  as  Dixie. 

DICKSON.     See  Richard. 

DIDSBURY.  A  chapelry  of  Manchester. 

DIGBY.  A  parish  in  Lincolnshire.  The 
noble  family  are  of  great  antiquity  in  co. 
Warwick. 

DIGG.     See  Digory. 

DIG  GENS.     See  Digons. 

DIGGERY.     Degory,  a  jDersonal  name. 

DIGGES.      The  same  as  Dicks.       See 

Eichard. 

DIGGINS.  DIGGINSON.   See  Digons. 

DIGIITON.     See  Deighton. 

DIGONS.  Diquon  or  Digon  is  an  early 
'nursename'  of  Richard.  One  of  the  mes- 
sengers of  Eleanoi",  countess  of  Montfort, 
in  1265,  was  called  Diquon.  Blaauw's 
Barons'  War.  In  the  "  Hundred  i\Ierry 
Tales"  there  is  an  anecdote  of  a  rustic  from 
the  North  of  England,  who,  as  Richard  III. 
was  reviewing  some  troops  near  London, 
stepped  out  of  the  ranks  and  clapping  the 
monarch  upon  the  shoulder,  said  :  "Diccon, 
Diccon !  by  the  mis  ays  blith  that  thaust 
kyng  r'  (Dick,  Dick !  by  the  mass  I'm  glad 
you  are  king!)  Nor  must  we  forget  the 
"Shakspearean— 

"  Joclcj-  of  Xorfolk  be  not  too  bold ; 
For  BicX-on  thy  master  is  bought  and  sold." 
King  Richard  III.,  Act.  5,  Sc.  3. 

Dickens  is  the  more  usual  form  of  this 
name.  It  may  be  remarked  that  the  word 
"  Dickins"  used  as  a  nickname  of  Satan, 
lias  a  different  origin,  being  a  contraction 
of  the  diminutive  DevUMns. 

DIGORY.     DEGORY.     The    personal 

name,  whence  probably  the  modifications 
Digg,  Digges,  Diggins.  Digginson  ;  though 
these  may  perhaps  be  from  Dick  and 
Richard. 

DIKE.     See  Dyke. 

DILGER.     SeeDilke.     Dilker.     H.R. 

DILKE.  Presumed  to  be  Danish,  as  it 
is  chiefly  found  in  the  Danish  counties 
from  temp.  Edw.  I.  According  to  Forste- 
mann,the  root  of  Dill,  Dilley,  Dillow,  Billie, 
Dilger  {gcr,  spear),  and  Dillimore  {mar, 
illustrious)  is  the  old  High  Germ,  tilen,  to 
overthrow.  Corresponding  Old  German 
names  are  Dilli,  Tilli,  Tillemlr,  and  modern 
German  Dill  and  Till.  Ferguson,  p.  .380. 
A  Nicolaus  Dilkes  occurs  in  the  H.R.  of 
Cambridgeshire. 

DILL.  See  Dilke.  There  is,  however, 
a  hundred  so  called  in  Sussex.  Dill  with- 
out prefix  is  found  in  H.R. 

DILLER.  "  To  dill"  is  a  Northernism 
meaning  to  finish,  and  both  this  name  and 


DIP 


90 


DIX 


Dillman  may  liave  been  derived  from  some 
handicraft. 

DILLEY.     SeeDilke. 

DILLIMORE.     SeeDilke. 

DILLMAN.     See  DiUer. 

DILLON.  The  common  ancestor  of  the 
noble  Dillons  of  Ii'eland  was  Henry  Dillon, 
who  settled  in  that  country  in  the  year 
1185.  King  John,  while  Earl  of  Mortain, 
gave  him  immense  tracts  of  laud  about 
Drumrany,  wliich  were  afterwards  collec- 
tiA'ely  known  as  Dillon's  country.  See 
Geneal.  Hist,  of  the  Fam.  of  Brabazon,  p. 
17.  Nothing  seems  to  be  known  of  the 
ancestors  of  this  personage  or  of  the  origin 
of  the  name. 

DILLOW.     See  Dilke. 

DILLWYN.    A  parish  in  Herefordshire. 

DIMBLEBY.  A  corruption  of  Thimble- 
by,  places  in  cos.  York  and  Lincoln. 

DIMMACK.     See  Dymock. 

DII\LMOCK.     See  Dymock. 

DIMOND.     See  Diamond. 

DI:MSDALE.  Probably  Dinsdale,  a  pa- 
rish in  Durham,  and  a  township  in  York- 
shire. 

DINAN.  A  town  in  Brittany,  whose 
viscounts,  dating  from  the  end  of  the 
tenth  century,  became  ancestors  of  several 
noble  houses  in  France,  and  of  Foulke  de 
Dinan,  a  baron  by  tenure  under  the  Con- 
queror. His  posterity  were  barons  by 
writ  from  1295  to  1509.  The  name  has 
been  wondei-fully  corrupted,  having  gone 
through  the  following  changes :  Dinan, 
Dinant,  DjTiaunt,  Dynliam,  Dymaut,  Dei- 
moud,  Dyamond,   Deyman,  and  Dayman. 

DINE.    DINES.     See  Dyne. 

DINGLE.  "A  narrow  valley  between 
two  hills."     Bailey. 

DINGLEY.  A  jjarish  in  Northampton- 
shire. 

DINGWALL.  A  parish  and  royal 
burgh  in  Eoss-shire. 

DINHAM.  A  hamlet  in  Monmouth- 
shire. 

DINMORE.  A  district  connected  with 
the  parish  of  Clun-Guuford,  co.  Salop. 

DINSDALE.  A  parish  co.  Durham, 
and  a  township  co.  York. 

DIPLOCK.     A  corruption  of  Duplock. 

DIPNALL.  Dippenhall,  a  tything  in 
the  parish  of  Crondale  in  Hampshire. 

DIPPERY.  Fr.  Da  Pre,  'Of  the 
Meadow.'  DTpres — from  Ypres  in  Flan- 
ders, has  however  been  suggested  to  me. 

DIPPLE.  An  ancient  parish  now  com- 
prehended by  that  of  Speymouth,  in  Jiloray- 
shire. 

DIPROSE.  A  corruption  of  De  Preaux. 
There  are  in  Normandy  seven  places  called 


Preaux,  two  of  which  are  St.  Michel  de 
Preaux  and  Notre-Dame  de  Preaux. 

DIRK.  DIRCKS.  Corruptions  of 
Derick. 

DISHER.  A  maker  of  bowls  or  dishes. 
It  is  used  in  a  feminine  form  as  Dyssheres 
in  Piers  Plo^mian. 

DISNEY.  "  Disney,  alias  De  Iseney,  he 
dwelleth  at  Diseney,  and  of  his  name  and 
line  be  gentilmcn  of  Fraunce,"  says  Leland, 
speaking  of  Norton-Disney,  co.  Lincoln. 
The  surname  appears  in  the  various  lists 
called  the  Roll  of  Battel  Abbey,  and  the 
family  came,  it  would  ai^pear,  from  Isigni, 
near  Bayeux,  a  small  town,  famous  at  pre- 
sent for  its  butter. 

DITCH.  From  residence  in  or  near  the 
ditch  of  a  fortified  town,  like  the  French  De 
la  Fosse.  Its  forms  in  the  H.R.  are  De 
Fossa,  De  la  Fosse,  &c.,  and  there  is  one 
unlucky  wight  called  "  Absolon  in  le 
Dyche." 

DITCHBURN.  A  township  in  Nor- 
thumberland. 

DITCHER.  The  occupation.  Fossator. 
H.R. 

DITCHLING.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

DITCHMAN.  Probably  the  same  as 
Dickman. 

DITTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Kent,  Lan- 
caster, Cambridge,  Surrey,  Salop,  &c. 

DIVENNY.     DIVIN.     See  O'DIvny. 

DIVER.  1.  Possibly  from  expertness  in 
di\'iug.     2.  A  river  in  Wiltshire. 

DIVERS,  Apparently  a  French  local 
name,  the  D  of  De  coalescing. 

DIVES.  Probably  a  corruption  of  Dive, 
Uxor  Boselini  de  Dive  was  a  tenant  iu 
capite  under  William  the  Conqueror,  co. 
Cambridge.  Kelham's  Domesd.  There 
is  a  village  so  called  in  the  department  of 
Calvados  in  Normandy.  De  Dyve,  Le 
Dyve.    H.R. 

DIVIE.  A  romantic  river  in  JNIoray- 
shire. 

DR^NE.     Probably  formed  lilce  Divers 

above. 

DIVOLL.     See  Devil  and  Devoll. 

DIX.     See  Richard. 

DIXEY.     See  Dixie. 

DIXIE.  According  to  AVootton's  Bar- 
onetage the  iluuily  are  descended  from 
Wolstan,  earl  of  Ellenden  (now  called 
Wilton)  who  married  the  sister  of  Egbert, 
the  first  monarch  of  all  England ;  and  there 
are  other  traditions  of  their  immense  anti- 
quity. The  name  is  probably  not  very  an- 
cient, and  the  heralds'  Visitations  only 
commence  the  pedigree  with  Wolstan  Dixie 
who  flourished  about  the  time  of  Edw.  III. 

DIXON  is  Dick's  son,  that  is  Richard's 

son.     "  In   Scotland  it  has  been  variously 
writtenatdifferentperiods,  as  Dicson,  Dyk- 


DOD  91 


son,  Dikson,  Diksoun,  Diksoune,  Dixson, 
and  Dickson.  They  are  descended  from  one 
Richard  Keith,  said  to  be  a  son  of  the 
family  of  Keith,  earls-marshal  of  Scotland, 
and  in  proof  thereof  they  carry  in  then- 
arms  the  chief  of  Keith  Mareschal.  This 
Eichard  was  coimnonly  called  Dick,  and 
his  sons,  with  the  carelessness  of  that  age, 
were  styled  "  Dickson."  It  is  probable 
that  he  was  the  sou  of  the  great  IMarshal, 
Hervey  de  Keth,  (ob.  1249,)  by  his  wife 
Margaret,  daughter  of  William,  third  lord 
Douglas."  Dixon  on  Surnames.  Boston, 
U.  S.,  1857.  The  Irish  Dixons  came  from 
Scotland,  in  a  clan,  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
VIII.  In  1G17,  if  not  earlier,  they  bore  the 
arms  of  the  English  Dixons,  which  goes 
far  to  prove  community  of  origin  for  the 
Dixons,  Dicksons,  &c.,  of  the  three  king- 
doms. The  oldest  spelling  in  Ireland  is 
Dykesone,  Inf.  Sir  Erasmus  Dixon  Bor- 
rowes,  Bart.  The  great  baron  of  IMalpas, 
CO.  Chester,  William  Belward,  had  two 
sons,  David  and  Richard.  The  latter's 
third  sou,  Richard,  surnamed  Little,  on  ac- 
count of  his  diminutive  size,  had  two  sons, 
the  younger  of  whom  was  .John,  who  re- 
ceived the  surname  of  Richardson  (Filius 
Eicardi)  from  his  father's  Cln-istian  name. 
It  has  been  conjectured  that  some  of  the 
Dixons  of  the  North  of  England,  who  trace 
their  pedigree  to  the  county  of  Chester, 
may  be  descendants  of  that  John  Richard- 
son, alias  Dick's  son. 

DOBB.    DOBBS.     See  Robert. 

DOBBIN.     DOBBINS.     See  Robert. 

DOBBY.  DOBBIB.     See  Robert. 

DOBELL.  Perhaps  originally  from  the 
Roman  personal  name,  Dolabella.  The 
French  have  always  been  fond  of  adopting 
classical  names,  and  this  occurs  as  a  sur- 
name in  Normandy  in  the  twelfth  and 
thirteenth  centuries  in  the  form  of  Dolbell. 
In  1296,  however,  it  is  found  in  Sussex  as 
De  Dobel,  implying  a  local  origin,  and  in 
the  sixteenth  century  the  family  ranked 
with  the  gentry  of  that  county,  bearing  the 
canting  arms  of  a  Doe  between  three  Bells. 

DOBINSON.     The    son    of    Dobin   or 

Robert. 
DOBLE.     The  same  as  Dobell,  wbicli  is 

commonly  pronounced  Double. 

DOBREE.  Probably  D'Aubri.  The 
Itin.  Norm,  shows  two  places  so  called, 
viz.  Aubri-en-Exmes,  and  Aubri-le-Pau- 
thon,  both  in  the  arrondissement  of  Ar- 
gentan  in  Normand}'. 

DOBSON.     See  Robert. 

DOCKER.  A^  township  in  AVestmore- 
laud. 

DOCKING.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

DOD.  The  Dods  of  Edge  claim  from 
Hova,  son  of  Cadwgan  Dot.  He  about  the 
time  of  Henry  II.  married  the  heiress  of 
the  lord  of  Edge,  co.  Chester,  who  is  pre- 
sumed to  have  been  the  son  of  Edwin,  a 
Saxon  thane,  who  was  allowed  to  retain 
his  lands   after  the  Conquest.     Ormerod, 


DOL 

(Hist.  Cheshire),  adduces  arguments  in  fa- 
vour of  Cadwgan  Dot's  having  been  des- 
cended from  a  Saxon  called  Dot,  who,  at 
the  Conquest,  had  been  expelled  from  the 
lands  in  Cheshire  Avhich  he  had  held 
jointly  with  that  very  thane  Edwin.  Dod 
of  Edge,  and  their  cadet  Dod,  of  Cloverley, 
rank  amongst  the  most  ancient  territorial 
families  in  the  kingdom. 

DODD.  DODDS.  Doda,  an  A -Sax. 
personal  name,  whence  Dodds,  Dodson, 
&c.  Its  forms  in  the  H.R.  are  Dod  and 
Dodde,  and  in  Domesd.  Doda,  Dode,  and 
Dodo. 

DODDRIDGE.  Evidently  local,  but  I 
know  not  the  place.  De  Doderig,  H.R.,  co. 
Devon. 

DODGE.  A  corruption  of  Dodds,  the 
genitive  of  Doda.     See  Dodd. 

DODGSON.     The  same  as  Dodson. 

DODMAN.  A  class  of  men  called  Do- 
domanni  appear  in  the  Exou  Domesday, 
and  afterwards  as  Dodemanand  Deudeman. 
The  word  awaits  explanation.  See  Dud- 
man.  Several  De  Dodnianstones  occur  iu 
H.R. 

DODSON.  The  son  of  Doda.  Alwinus 
Dodesone  occurs  iu  Domesday  as  a  tenant 
in  chief,  Hertfordshire,  142.  He  was 
doubtless  of  Saxon  blood. 

DODSWORTH.  Dodworth,  a  township 
in  Yorkshire. 

DOE.  From  the  animal,  like  Hart, 
Buck,  Roe,  &c.  Those  mythical  '  parties' 
to  so  many  legal  proceedings.  "  JonN  Doe 
and  Richard  Roe,"  are  evidently  of  fo- 
rest  extraction,  aud  point  to  the  days  when 
forest  laws  prevailed  and  venison  was  a  sa- 
cred thing.  In  H.R.  there  is  a  John  le  Doe. 

DOGGETT.  An  old  London  name, 
probably  corrupted  from  Dowgate,  one  of 
the  Roman  gateways  of  the  city.  Ferguson 
makes  it  a  diminutive  of  the  Icelandic  r/w/^r, 
aud  the  English  docj,  but  no  such  duuinu- 
tive  is  found. 

DOHERTY  or  ODOIIERTY.  "  The 
surname  is  derived  from  Docbartach,  lord 
aud  prince  of  Inishowen,  co.  Donegal,"  a 
direct  descendant  of  "  Cean  Faola,  prince 
of  Tire  Couuell,  now  the  county  of  Donegal, 
and  12th  in  descent  from  Conal  Gulban, 
7th  son  of  Niall  of  the  Nine  Hostages," 
from  whom  so  many  of  the  ancient  Irish 
families  are  descended.     B.L.G. 

DOLAMORE.  The  termination  shows 
its  local  origin,  though  I  find  no  place  so 
designated.  Ferguson,  however,  deduces 
it  from  0.  Norse  dull,  a  woman,  aud  mar, 
illustrious. 

DOLBEN.  "  The  name  is  presumed  to 
be  taken  from  Bol-Bcii-^^la&xi,  a  place  be- 
tween Caernarvon  and  Pemnorfa."  Court- 
hope's  Debrett's  Baronetage.  If  it  be  so, 
this  is  one  of  the  extremely  few  local  sur- 
names that  have  originated  in  Wales. 

DOLBY.     See  Dalby. 


DON 


92 


DOR 


DOLE.  1.  Dole  or  doole  is  an  eastern 
and  southern  provincialism  for  a  boundary 
mark,  whether  an  earthen  mound  or  a 
post  of  stone  or  wood.  In  the  western 
counties  it  means  alow,  flat,  place.  Halliw. 
2.  Dol,  a  Avell  known  town  in  Brittany. 
Doll,  Dolle,  De  Doll.     H.R. 

DOLLAR.  A  town  and  parish  in  Clack- 
mannanshire. 

DOLLINTG.  About  the  year  1580,  a 
younger  son  of  the  Count  Dolling,  of  Doll- 
ing, near  Toulouse,  having  embraced 
Huguenot  opinions,  is  said  to  have  tied 
into  England,  and  settled  in  the  Isle  of 
Purbeck. 

DOL]\IAN.      DOLLMAN.      The  verb 

"  to  dole"  signifies  to  share  or  divide ;  to 
set  out  in  jjortions  or  lots,  whether  of  land, 
goods,  or  money.  A. -Sax.  dcelan.  Perhaps 
the  original  Doleman  may  have  been 
a  distributor  either  of  alms,  or  of  lands 
imder  the  "  tenantry "  arrangements  of 
feudal  times.  Or  he  may  have  been  such  a 
"judge  or  divider  " — that  is  arbitrator — as 
the  one  mentioned  in  Luke  XII.  14.  A  less 
desirable  derivation  is  from  the  A. -Sax  dol, 
foolish,  erring,  heretical,  and  man.  Dole- 
man.  De  la  Dole.     H.R. 

DOLPHIX.  An  ancient  personal  name. 
One  Dolfin  was  a  teuant-in-chief  in  cos. 
Derby  and  York  at  the  making  of  Domesd. 
The  family  were  in  Ii-eland  before  the  year 
1307.     B.L.CI. 

DOMESDAY.  Not  from  the  famous 
national  record  so  often  referred  to  in  these 
pages,  nor  from  the  Day  of  Doom  ;  but  from 
one  of  the  many  religious  establishments  to 
which  the  name  of  ilaison-Dieu,  Damns 
Dei,  or  "God's  House,"  was  given. 

DOlNmiNNEY.  This  singular  name 
occurs  in  Lond.  Direct.  It  may  be  a  cor- 
ruption of  Domiue — a  sobriquet. 

DOMYILLE.  Donville  in  the  arron- 
dissemeut  of  Lisieux,  in  Normand}",  was 
ancientlv  written  Duraoville,  as  in  a  papal 
bull  of  1210.  Itin.  de  la  Normandie.  The 
family,  who  probably  entered  England  at 
the  Conqiiest,  were  resident  in  co.  Chester 
fi-om  the  time  of  Henry  III.  till  the  begin- 
ning of  the  XYIII.  cent. 

DONAIIOO.  A  corruption  of  the  Irish 
name  O'Donohogue. 

DONALD.  A  well-known  northern  per- 
sonal name,  whence  Donalds,  Mac  Donald, 
Donaldson,  Donnison,  Donkin.  Gaelic  ety- 
mologists derive  the  name  from  "  Don- 
hm],"i.e.,  "brown-eyed." 

DONALDS.    See  Donald. 

DONALDSON.     See  Donald. 

DONCASTER.     A  town  in  Yorkshire. 

DONE.  A  great  Cheshire  family,  whom 
Ormerod  designates  as  "  a  race  of  Warriors 
who  held  Utkiuton  (supposed  to  be  the 
'  Done' of  Domesday),  as  military  tenants 
of  Yenables,  from  the  time  of  King  John. 
The  chiefs  of  this  house  will  be 


found  in  the  battle  rolls  of  Agincourt, 
Bloreheath,  and  Flodden."  Miscell.  Palat. 
p.  90.  The  name  is  pronounced  Done,  as  is 
seen  in  Drayton's  description  of  the  bloody 
battle  between  Henry  lY.  and  Hotspur 
Percj' : 

"  There  Dutton,  Dutton  kills  ;    a  Done    doth  kill 
a  Done ; 
A  Booth,  a  Booth;  and  Leigh  by  Leigh  is  over- 

throicii ; 
A  Venables  against  a  Venables  doth  stand ; 
And  Troutbeck  fighteth  'irith  a  Troutbeck  hand  to 

hand ; 
There  Molineux  doth  make  a  Jlolineux  to  die, 
And  Egerton  the  strength  of  Egerton  doth  try ; 
0  Cheshire,  wert  thou  mad,  of  thine  own  native 

gore, 
So  much  until  this  day  thou  never  shed'st  before." 
Poliiolbion,  Song  22. 
This  family,  or  at  least  the  female  members 
thereof,  seem  to  have  been  remarkable  for 
their  beauty,  if  we  may  trust  the  proverb, 
quoted  by  Ray. 

"  AS   FAIR  AS   LADY  DONE." 

DONELAN.  One  of  the  most  ancient 
families  in  Ireland,  deriving  from  Cahal,  2nd 
son  of  Morough  Molathan,  King  of  Con- 
naught,  who  died  A.D.  701.  One  of  his 
descendants  built  the  castle  of  Bally- 
Donelan,  co.  Galway.     B.L.G. 

DONHUE.     See  Donahoo. 

DONKIN.     See  Donald  and  Duncan. 

DONNA  VAN.     See  Donovan. 

DONNE.  Izaak  Walton,  in  his  Life  of 
Dr.  Doime,  says  tliat  "his  father  was  mas- 
ctdiuely  and  lineally  descended  from  a  very 
ancient  family  in  AYales."  The  etymon  is 
probably  don,  black  or  dark  complexioned. 
It  must  not  be  forgotten,  however,  that  one 
Donne,  a  tenant  in  chief,  held  land  in 
Devon,  temp.  Edw.  Conf.     Domesd. 

DONNISON.     See  Donald. 

DONOVAN  or  O'DONOVAN.  This 
great  Irish  famil}^  spring  from  a  chieftain 
of  the  X.  cent.,  who  was  killed  in  077,  by 
the  famous  Brian  Boru.  By  old  writers 
the  name  is  written  Dondubhan,  which 
signifies  "  brown-haired-eliief."  O'Donovau 
in  Irish  Pen.  Journ.  p.  331. 

DOO.  The  Scottish  for  Dove  ?  Le  Do. 
H.R. 

DOOGOOD.  Has  probably  no  allusion 
to  practical  benevolence,  but,  like  many 
other  suruames  terminating  in  good,  is 
the  corruiDtion  of  a  local  name  with  the  de- 
sinence nvod.  Or  it  may  jjossibly  be  a 
corruption  of  the  Scottish  Dugald. 

DOOLITTLE.  I  fear  that  the  original 
owner  of  this  name  was  a  lazy  fellow, 
though  some  of  his  descendants  have  been 
distinguished  for  zeal  and  industry. 

DOON.  1.  A-Sax.  dun,  a  hill.  2.  A 
'  bonny '  river  with  '  banks  and  braes,'  in 
Ayrshire. 

DOORS.  Dores,  a  castle  said  to  have 
been  the  abode  of  JIacbcth,  in  the  parish  of 
Kettius,  CO.  Forfar. 

DORE.  A  chapelry  in  Dcrbyshu-e,  and 
a  parish  in  co.  Hereford — Abbey  Dore. 


DOU 


93 


DOW 


DORLING.  Probably  the  same  as  Dar- 
ling.    A.S.  (Icurli/iff. 

DORMAN.  A-Sax.  ddr,  a  gate  or  large 
door,  and  »ia7i.     A  door-keeper,  porter. 

DORMAR.     See  Dormer. 

DORMER.  Collins  traces  Lord  Dormer's 
family  no  higher  than  the  XV.  cent.  With 
tlie  origin  of  the  name  I  am  unacquainted. 

DORRELL.  Probably  the  same  as 
Darell. 

DORRIXGTON.  A  parish  in  Lincoln- 
shire, and  a  township  in  Shropshire. 

DORTON.     A  parish   in   Buckingham- 
shire. 
DORVELL.     See  Dorville. 

DORVILLE.  Probably  from  one  of  the 
two  pkices  in  Normandy  now  called  Dou- 
ville,  situated  respectively  in  the  arrondisse- 
ments  of  Andeli  and  Pont-l'Eveque. 

DORWARD.     See  Durward. 

DOSSELL.     A  richly  ornamented  cloak 
worn    by    persons   of    high    rank.      Lat. 
■  dorsale.    Analogous  to  Mantell. 

DOSSETOR.  DOSSETTER.  Cor- 
rupted from  Uttoxeter,  co.  StaQord.  So 
Ross  iter  from  Wroxeter. 

DOSSOK     The  same  as  Dowson. 

DOTTRIDGE.  Mr.  Ferguson  inge- 
niously derives  this  name  from  the  Low 
German  Deotric,  Theoderic  ;  but  it  is  more 
probably  identical  with  Doddridge. 

DOUBBLE.    DOUBELL.     See  Dobell. 

DOUBLE.  A  sobriquet  relating  to  ex- 
traordinary size— or  to  duplicity  of  cha- 
racter .'  The  name  Dobell  is  often  so  pro- 
nounced. 

DOUBLEDAY.  This  name  and  Its 
companion,  Siugleday,  baftie  my  inge- 
nuity. 

DOUBLEMAN.     The  same  as  Double. 

DOUBLETT.  "  An  old  fashion'd  gar- 
ment for  men ;  much  the  same  as  a  waist- 
coat." Bailey.  Also  a  military  garment 
covering  the  person  as  low  as  the  waist. 
The  corresponding  French  surname  is  Pour- 
point.  The  name  was  first  given  on  the 
same  principle  as  Cloake,  Mantell.  &c. 

DOUCH.  An  old  orthography  of  'Dutch,' 
by  which  however  we  must  understand,  not 
a  Hollander,  but  a  German  :  the  latter  word 
being  of  rather  recent  importation  into 
English.  The  first  translation  of  the  whole 
Bible  into  our  language,  by  Miles  Cover- 
dale,  is  stated  on  the  title  page  to  have  been 
rendered  "  out  of  the  Douche  (meaning 
German)  and  Latyn  into  Euglyshe,  1535." 
Even  so  lately  as  1660,  Howell,  in  the  pre- 
face of  his  Lexicon  says,  "  the  root  of  most 
of  the  English  language  is  Dutch,"  by 
which  of  course  he  means  the  Teutonic  or 
old  German. 

DOUDNEY.  As  the  name  Oudney 
occurs,  it  is   A'ery  probable  that  Douduey 


(with  its  variations  Dewdney,  Dudeney,  &c.) 
is  the  same  designation  with  the  prefix  D', 
although  I  have  not  been  successful  in 
finding  any  place  in  Normandy,  or  elsewhere 
in  France,  called  Oudeney  or  Oudenai. 

DOUGALL.  (Generally  Mac-Dougall). 
Gael,  dint,  black,  and  (/all,  a  stranger — an 
expression  used  by  the  Celtic  inhabitants 
of  Scotland  to  denote  a  Lowlander,  or  any 
one  not  of  their  own  race.  It  is  still  in  use 
as  a  baptismal  name. 

DOUGHTOX.  A  parish  united  \;\i\\ 
Dunton.  co.  Norfolk. 

DOUGHTY.  A.-Sax.  dohtig,  valiant, 
hardy,  manly. 

DOUGLAS.  The  most  powerful  and 
widely  celebrated  famil3'that  Scotland  ever 
produced.  The  name  was  assumed  from 
lands  on  the  small  river  Douglas,  in  Lan- 
arkshire, (Gael,  diif-glas,  du-cjlas,  i.e.,  dark 
grey,  from  the  colour  of  its  waters),  where 
William  of  Dufglaswas  established  as  early 
as  1175.  This  illustrious  race,  renowned 
throughout  western  Europe  for  its  romantic 
career,  may  well  be  accounted  an  "his- 
torical "  family,  for  as  Hume,  the  annalist 
of  the  House,  has  it — 

"  so  MANY,  SO  GOOD,  AS  OF  THE  DOUGLASES  HAVE  BEEN', 
OF   ONE  SUBSA3IE  WAS  NE'eR  IN  SCOTLAND   SEEN." 

The  family  rose  into  power  under  King 
Robert  Bruce,  of  whom  "  the  good  Lord 
James  of  Douglas  "  was  the  most  distin- 
guished adherent,  but  suffered  a  partial 
eclipse  when  the  ninth  earl,  James,  rebelled 
against  King  James  IL  The  earls  of 
Angus,  however,  partly  restored  the  ances- 
tral glory  of  the  house,  which  has  always 
continued  to  be  one  of  the  most  important 
in  Scotland. 

DOULTON.  Probably  Dolton,  a  parish 
in  Devonshire. 

DOUSBERY.     Probably  Dewsbury,  co. 

York. 

DOUTinVAITE.     See  Thwaite. 

DOVE.  The  bird.  Also  a  beautiful 
river  of  Derbyshire. 

DOVER.     The  Kentish  town. 

DOVEREN.  Doveran,  a  river  in  the 
shires  of  Banff  and  Aberdeen. 

DO VxVY.  Possibly  D'AulTai,  "of  Auflai," 
a  small  toM-u  near  Diejipe,  in  Normandy. 

DOW.  Probably  a  corruption  of  the 
Gaelic,  Dint,  i.e.  black;  but  doK  or  doo, 
the  Scottish  for  dove  or  pigeon,  may  be 
the  origin.  Dow,  without  prefix,  is  found 
in  H.R.  It  also  appears  to  have  been  a 
personal  name,  and  to  ha\e  given  rise  to 
Dowson,  Dowse,  Dowsing,  and  Dowsett, 
and  also  to  the  local  name  Dowsby  in  Lin- 
colnshire. 

DOWDESAVELL.  A  parish  in  Glou- 
cestershire. 

DOWER.  A  rabbit's  burrow,  cuniculus. 
Prompt.  Parv. 

DOWLAXD.     A  parish  in  Devonsliire. 


DRA 


94 


DRE 


DOWNE.  DOWN.  A-Sax.  dm,  a  hill, 
as  the  South  Downs,  Marlborough  Downs, 
&c.  From  residence  in  such  a  locality 
have  come  the  surnames  Downe,  Downer, 
Downman,  Downes,  &c.  The  H.R.  form  is 
Ate-Dune,  i.e.  '  At  the  Down.' 

DOWNER.    See  Downe. 


See  Downe. 
Perhaps     the     same     as 


DOWNES. 

DOWNEY. 

Downie. 

DOWNHAM.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Norfolk,  Cambridge,  Essex,  and  Lancaster. 

DOWNIE.  A  range  of  hills  in  Forfar- 
shire, and  a  headland  in  Kincardineshire. 

DOWNING.  Tliis  common  surname  is 
doubtless  local,  but  I  cannot  ascertain  the 
place. 

DOWNMAN.     See  Downe. 

DOWNTON.  Parishes  in  Wiltshire  and 
Herefordshire. 

DOWNWARDS.  Mr.  Ferguson  inge- 
niously derives  it  from  A-Sax.  dm,  a  down 
or  hill,  and  nrard,  a  watchman — "  a  look- 
out man  on  the  Downs." 

DOWSE.      DO^VSETT.     DOWSING. 

DOWSON.     See  Dow. 

DOXEY.  DOXSEY.  Corruptions  of 
Do  BocJiCsey,  H.R.  Dockesej'  may  prol^ably 
be  insula  anatuvi,  the  island  of  ducks. 

DOYLE.  One  of  the  commonest  of 
Irish  surnames,  and  presumed  to  be  of 
Anglo-Norman  origin.  See  D'Oyley.  It  is 
found  as  Doyl  and  Doil  in  England,  temp. 
Edward  I.  H.R. 

D'OYLEY.  Robert  de  Ollgi  was  a  te- 
naut-in-chief  in  many  counties,  and  AVido 
de  O.  in  co.  Oxford.  Domesd.  The  former 
is  mentioned  in  the  chartulary  of  Oseney 
Abbey  as  a  sworn  companion  of  Roger  de 
Ivery  (fratres  jurati  et  per  sacramentum 
confoederati)  in  assisting  at  the  invasion  of 
England.  Ellis,  Introd.  According  to  ge- 
nealogists the  ancestors  of  these  persons 
were  lords  of  Olgii  or  Oyly  in  Normandy 
long  before  the  Conquest.  The  map  of 
modern  Normandj'  shows  no  such  locality 
as  Oilgi,  or  Oyly,  but  there  are  three  places 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Falaise,  called 
Ouilli.  It  was  probably  to  Ouilli-le-Basset 
in  the  canton  of  Falaise,  written  in  the  XI. 
cent.  Oillei  (and  latinized  Olleium)  that 
the  family  originated. 

DOYNE.  Originally  O'Doyne  of  Castle- 
bracke  in  Ireland.     B.L.G. 

DRAGE.  Perhaps  one  of  the  modifica- 
tions of  Drogo,  the  personal  name. 

DRAKE.  Not  from  the  waterfowl,  but 
from  A-Sax.  di'ctca  (Latin  r^ywctf,)  a  dragon. 
Le  Dratj/un,  the  Anglo-Norman  form,  oc- 
curs in  the  H.R.,  but  the  nearest  approach 
to  this  that  I  have  seen  in  modern  times  is 
Drago,  a  name  which  existed  at  Ely  about 
a  century  since.  Several  families  of  Drake 
bear  as  arms  the  wyvern,  or  two-legged 
dragon ;  and  it  is  worthy  of  remark  that  in 


giving  to  various  pieces  of  cannon  the 
names  of  monsters  and  animals  of  prej^, 
that  of  '  drake'  was  assigned  to  a  peculiar 
siDccies  of  gun,  as  those  of  caliver,  basilisk, 
culverin,  fawcouet,  saker — all  appellations 
of  serpents  and  rapacious  birds — were  to 
others.  The  compounds,  "fire-drake,"  and 
"hell-drake,"  become  intelligible  when  the 
latter  syllable  is  understood  to  mean,  not 
the  harmless  and  familiar  denizen  of  the 
pool,  but  the  'fell  dragoun'  of  medieval 
romance.  Sir  Thomas  Smith,  in  his  trea- 
tise "  De  Republica  Anglicana,"  speaking 
of  his  contemporary,  the  celebrated  Eliza- 
bethan admiral.  Sir  Francis  Drake,  (con- 
trary to  the  generally  recei^'ed  notion  that 
he  was  born  in  Devonshire,)  asserts  that 
he  was  the  son  of  a  fisherman  in  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  and  that  the  name  of  Drake  was 
not  his  family  appellation  but  an  assumj)- 
tion  :  "  Draconis  nomen  ipse  sibi  sumpsit, 
quod  est  serpentum  quoddam  genus."  He 
adds  that  the  Duukirkers  fitted  out  a  fine 
ship  called  the  Dog,  for  the  purpose  of 
hunting  and  perhaps  catching  this  sea-se?'- 
j)cnt :  "  Dunkercani  insignem  navem  in- 
struxerunt,  Doggam  (id  est  Cauem)  a  se 
appellatam,  innuentes  ea  se  Draconem 
hunc  veuaturos  et  forte  capturos."  Le  Drac 
is  an  ancient  form  of  the  name. 

DRAPER.  A  draper — a  dealer  in  cloth. 
Fr.  di-aj).     Le  Draper.     H.R. 

DRAWBRIDGE.  First  imposed  upon 
a  retainer  in  a  fortified  house  whose  duty 
it  was  to  superintend  the  drawbridge. 
Harry  o'  the  Drawbridge  would  be  a  ^'ery 
likely  appellation  for  such  a  guardsi#in. 

DRAWSWORD.  A  name  analogous  to 
Shakspeare.     Draweswerd.  H.R. 

DRAAVWATER.  A  drawer  of  water  ; 
or  perhaps  local.     Drawater.  H.R. 

DRAX.     A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

DRAY.  A  diminutive  of  Drogo.  Dreyg. 
H.R. 

DRAYCOTT.  Parishes  and  places  in 
cos.  Derby,  Wilts,  Berks,  and  Stafford. 

DRAYNER.  A  drainer,  or  conductor 
of  water.     See  Leader. 

DRAYSON.  The  son  of  Drogo  or 
Dray. 

DRAYTON.  Towns,  parishes,  &c.,  in 
COS.  Berks,  Leicester,  Norfolk,  Oxon, 
Somerset,  Staiford,  Buckingham,  Cam- 
bridge, Nottingham,  &c. 

DRESDEN.  From  the  metropolis  of 
Saxony. 

DRESSER.     Probably  some  handicraft. 

DREW.  DRE  WE.  l .  Drogo,  an  early 
Norman  personal  name,  w;^  so  anglicised. 

2.  It  is  a   common   nickname  for  Andrew. 

3.  Dreux,  a  town  of  Briftany.  At  the  time 
of  the  Norman  survey,  Herman  de  Dreuues 
was  a  tenant-in-chief  in  Herefordshire. 
There  is  a  Lc  Dreu  in  H.R. 

According  to  the  preamble  of  the  pedi- 
gree of  the  Dre-\vs  of  Youghal,  arranged  by 


DRO 


95 


DUB 


Sir  Wm.  Betliam,  Ulster,  the  famil}-  descend 
"  from  Drogo  or  Dru,  a  noble  Norman,  son 
of  Walter  de  Pouz,  and  brother  of  Richard, 
ancestor  of  the  Cliffords  who  accompanied 
William  the  Conqueror  into  England." 
There  are  apparently  several  tenants-in- 
chief  called  Drogo  in  Domesd.,  and  one  of 
them  who  had  great  possessions  at  Drews- 
cliffe  and  elsewhere  in  co.  Devon,  is  now 
represented  by  E.  S.  Drewe,  Esq.,  of  The 
Grange,  in  that  shire.     B.L  G. 

DREWETT.     Probably  a  diminutive  of 
Drogo  or  Drew,  q.  v. 

DREWRY.     See  Drury. 

DRIFFIELD.     A  parish    and    market - 
town  in  Yorkshire. 

DRING.     D7-engage  was  a  feudal  tenure 
said  to  be  peculiar,  or  nearly  so,  to  the  nor- 
thern counties.     Sir  Henry  Ellis,  in  his  In- 
troduction    to     Domesda)^,     says: — "The 
drenchs  or  drenghs  were  of  the  description 
of  allodial  tenants,  and  from  the  few  entries 
in  which  they  occur,  it  certainl.y  appears 
that  the  allotments  of  territory  which  they 
possessed  were  held  as  manors."  But  there 
are  proofs  of  drengage  having  lieen  far  from 
a   free  tenure,    which   both    Spelman  and 
Coke  consider  it ;  for   it   appears  from  the 
Boldon  Book  that  the  services  of  the  dvengli 
were  to  plough,  sow,  and  harrow  a  portion 
of  the  bishop  of  Durham's  land  :  to  keep  a 
dog  and  horse  for  the  bishop's  use,  and  a 
cart   to  convey   his  wine ;  to   attend   the 
chase  Avith   dogs  and  ropes,  and  perform 
certain  harvest  works.     Spelman  says  the 
dren^  were  such  as,  being  at  the  Conquest 
put   out   af  their   estate,   were   afterwards 
restored.     In   Lye's   Saxon  Diet,  dreng  is 
defined  as  "  miles,"  vir  fortis.     See  Notes 
and  Queries,  VII.  p.  137-8.    Halliwell  gives 
a  different  definition  ;  he  says    "  Brengcs, 
a  class  of  men  who  held  a  rank  between  the 
baron  and  thayn.  Jlca-elok.'"    The  ordinary 
interpretation  would  be  Soldiers. 

DRINKDREGS.  DRIXKMILK. 

DRINKSOP.  I  have  authority  for  the  ex- 
istence of  these  names,  which  appear  to 
belong  to  the  same  category  as  Drinkwater. 
I  cannot  account  for  them. 

DRIXKWATER  is  said  in  Magna 
Britannia,  vol.  i.  p.  60,  to  be  a  corruption 
of  Dcrweutwater.  Camden  also  places  it 
among  local  surnames,  without  specifying 
the  place  ;  but  Drinkewater  is  found  in 
H.R.,  and  the  occurrence  of  Boileau  among 
French,  and  Bevelacqua  among  Italian 
family  names,  seems  rather  to  indicate  that 
it  was  originally  imposed  upon  some  early 
'  teetotaller.' 

DRISCOLL.  The  Ii-ish  O'Driscoll, 
sans  0. 

DRIVER,  A  carter  or  wagoner.  Alio' 
la  Driveres  (a  female  wagoner!)  occurs  in 
H.E. 

DROOP.  Ferguson  says,  O.  Norse, 
drli'qn;  sad. 

DRON.     A  parish  in  Fifeshire. 

DROVER.     A  driver  of  cattle. 


DRUCE.  Drew's,  that  is,  the  son  of 
Drew  or  Drogo. 

DRUITT.     See  Drewett. 

DRUiNBIER.  I  suppose  Mr.  Arthur's 
roundabout  definition  is  the  right  one  : 
"  One  who,  in  military  exercises,  beats  the 
drum." 

DRU]\IMOXD.  "  The  noble  house  of 
Drummond,"  says  Collins,  "  derived  from 
Malcolm  Beg  (i.e.  '  low '  or  '  short '),  who 
flourished  under  Alex.  II.,  and  being  pos- 
sessed of  the  lauds  of  Drymen,  co.  Stirling, 
took  that  surname,  which  in  after  times 
varied  to  Drummond."  Peerage,  edit.  1 708. 
V.  77.  The  name  is  found  spelt  in  eighteen 
different  ways.  Ulster  Journ.  Arch.  No.  20. 
Of  these  Drumpi,  Drummane,  and  Dro- 
mond are  the  principal. 

DRURY.  The  founder  of  the  family  in 
England  is  mentioned  in  the  Battel-Abbey 
Roll.  He  settled  first  at  Thurston  and 
subsequently  at  Rougham,  co.  Suffolk,  and 
his  descendants  continued  in  possession  of 
that  estate  for  about  six  hundred  years. 
B.L.G. 


Dryburgh,  co.  Per- 
ils   romantic     abbey, 


DRYBOROUGII. 

wick,    famous    for 

where — 

" in  solemn  soUtiitTe, 

In  most  fequestei'ert  spot, 
Lies  mingling  'with  its  kindred  clay, 
The  dust  of  Walter  Scott." 

DRYDEX.  As  in  the  oldest  records  the 
name  is  spelt  Dreyden,  Driden,  &c.,  it  is  fair 
to  presume  that  it  is  of  local  origin, 
although  the  place  itself  is  not  ascertained. 
Mr.  Arthur,  however,  gives  quite  another 
etpnology,  namely:  "  Welsh,  drmjdn-n, 
BKOKEX  NOPE  (!)  According  to  Evans, 
Jonreth  surnamed  Drwydwn,  the  father  of 
Llewelj-n,  was  the  eldest  sou  of  Owain 
Groyuedd,  but  was  not  suffered  to  enjoy  his 
right  on  accouut  of  that  blemish  1"  A^Tio 
Jonreth  was,  or  when  he  lived,  Mr.  Arthur 
does  not  inform  us,  though  we  cannot  but 
regi'et  that  in  a  two-fold  sense  his  nose  was 
thus  "  put  out  of  joint." 

DRYSDALE.  Dryfesdale,  a  parish  in 
Dumfrieshire. 

|^°  DU.  The  initial  syllable  of  many  sur- 
names of  Fr.  origin  naturalized  amongst 
us.  It  is  of  course  the  preposition  rZccon- 
joined  with  the  article  le,  and  answers  a 
purpose  similar  to  that  of  atte  in  0.  Eng. 
surnames;  for  instance  Dubois  is  'of  the 
wood,'  (our  Wood  or  Attwood)  ;  Dubosc, 
'of  the  thicket,'  (our  Shaw);  Dubourg, 
'  of  the  burg,'  (our  Burrowes) ;  Du- 
chesne and  Ducane,  '  of  the  oak,'  (our 
Noakes);  Dufour  '  of  the  oven  ;'  Dufort 
'of  the  fort;'  Dupree,  Duprej',  {pre)  'of 
the  meadow,'  (our  Mead);  Dupuy  '  of  the 
well,' (our  Wells);  Duvall,  Duval, 'of 
the  valley,'  (our  Dale) ;  and  many  others. 

Dubbe,    an    A-Sax.    personal 


DUBB. 

name. 


DUBBER.     A  word  of  uncertain  mean- 
ing.    It  may  signify  cither  a  trimmer  or 


DUF 


96 


DUL 


binder  of  books,  (See  Hallhvell,)  or  a  maker 
of  tubs.     (See  Eng.  Surn.) 

DU  CANE.  O.  Fr.  Du  Quesne,  "of  tbe 
Oak."  Gabriel,  Marquis  du  Quesne,  grand- 
son of  tbe  celebrated  Admiral  Abraham  du 
Quesne  of  Dieppe,  iled  to  this  country  at  the 
Eev.  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes.  At  an  earlier 
period  another  branch  of  the  family  being 
Huguenots,  settled  in  Holland,  from  whence 
they  were  driven  by  the  persecution  of  the 
Duke  of  Alva,  and  settled  here  temp.  Eliza- 
beth. The  orthography  was  altered  to  its 
present  form  in  the  XYII.  cent.  The 
existing  family  are  descended  from  this 
branch. 

DUCAREL.  The  family  were  French 
Protestant  refugees  after  the  Rev.  of  the 
Edict  of  Xantes. 

DUCTE.  Two  places  in  Normandy  are 
called  Diici ;  one  near  Bayeux,  the  other 
near  Caen.  The  first  of  this  i^amily  who 
settled  in  England  came  from  Normandy 
with  an  armed  force  to  support  Isabel,  con- 
sort of  Edw.  II.  against  the  Spencers. 
Atkin's  Gloucest.     Collins'  Peerage. 

DUCK.  Most  likely  Le  Due,  'the 
duke,'  as  written  in  H.E. 

DUCKETT.  DUCKITT.  Possibly 
from  the  Scot,  duliate,  dow-cate,  dove-cot, 
or  pigeon-house.  See  Jamieson.  The 
Ducketts  of  Fillingham,  co.  Lincoln,  were 
resident  there  in  1205.     B.L.G. 

DUCKRELL.  Duckerel  is  the  old  di- 
minutive of  duck,  as  is  '  cockerel '  of  cock, 
and  hence  this  surname,  probably  with  re- 
ference to  the  gait  of  the  first  person  to 
whom  it  was  applied. 

DUCKWORTH.  Before  the  time  of 
Henry  VIII.  it  was  written  Dyhewarde. 
B.L.G.  An  officer  -who  had  the  care  of 
dykes. 

DUDEXEY.     See  Doudney. 

DUDLEY.  A  town  and  castle  in  co. 
Worcester.  In  Norman  times  it  was  the 
fief  of  the  De  Someries,  whose  descendants 
wei'e  barons  by  tenure,  though,  as  Sir  H. 
Nicolas  observes,  it  is  questionable  whether 
their  title  Avas  that  of  "  Dudley."  So  far 
as  I  see,  no  noble  family  called  Dudley  Avas 
ever  possessor  of  that  barony.  *  Dudley, 
one  of  the  notorious  extortioners  of  Henry 
VII.,  claimed  to  be  a  descendant  of  the 
Suttons,  barons  Dudley,  and  his  father  is 
said  to  have  assumed  the  name  of  Dudley, 
though  a  more  probable  account  makes 
him  a  travelling  carpenter.  Mouasticon,  v.  5. 

DUD]\IAiSr.  Apparently  an  ancient  per- 
sonal name  implying  some  quality  or  some 
emploj-meut.  In  Domesd.  Dodeman  and 
Dudeman.     See  Dodman. 

DUFF.  "  This  noble  family  is  derived 
from  Fife  Mac-Duff,  who  Avas  a  man  of 
considerable  Avealth  and  poAver  in  Scotland 
temp,  king  Kenneth  II.,  and  gave  that 
prince  great  assistance  in  his  Avars  Avith  the 
Picts  about  the  year  831."     Kemieth  made 


him  a  maormor  or  kinglet,  and  gave  him 
the  lands  which  he  called  after  his  Chris- 
'  tian  name,  Fife,  now  the  shire  or  comity  of 
that  designation.  Courthope's  Debrett. 
His  descendants,  fi'om  their  great  dignity, 
were  sometimes  called  kings  of  Fife,  and 
they  Avere  entitled  to  place  the  king  of 
Scotland  on  the  inaugural  stone,  to  lead 
the  van  of  the  roj'al  army,  and  to  enjoy  the 
privilege  of  a  sanctuary  for  the  clan  Mac- 
Dutf,  of  Avhich  he  Avas  the  founder.  Gaz. 
Scoti.  The  Earl  of  Fife  is  a  descendant  of 
a  junior  branch  of  this  ancient  line. 

DUFFELL.     See  DutReld. 

DUFFEY.  Probably  D'Auffay,  a  small 
tOAvn  in  Normandy,  on  the  Diej^pe  and 
Rouen  raihvaj^    In  H.R.  Dofi. 

DUFFIE.  Scotch.  A  soft,  silly  fellow. 
Jamieson. 

DUFFIELD.  A  parish  in  co.  Derby, 
and  tAvo  toAvnships  in  Yorkshire. 

DUFFUS.  A  parish  on  the  coast  of 
jMorayshire,  Scotland.  The  name  may, 
hoAvever,  be  a  corruption  of  Dovehouse, 
like  Bacchus  from  Backhouse,  or  Maithus 
from  Malthouse.  In  support  of  the  latter 
derivation,  avc  may  cite  the  de  Duffus,  del 
Dulfus,  Duflius,  Columbiers,  and  de  Colum- 
bariis  of  the  H.R.  Residence  near  one  of 
the  great  monastic  or  manorial  pigeon- 
hoiises  of  the  middle  ages  would  readily 
confer  such  a  surname. 

DUFTON.     A  parish  in  ■^7estmoreland. 

DUGALD.     The  same  as  Dougall. 

DUGDALE.  From  the  termination 
manifestly  local,  but  I  cannot  discover  the 
place.  The  family  were  long  resident  in 
Lancashire.     Noble's  Hist.  Coll.  Arms. 

DUGDELL.     See  Dugdale. 

DUKE.  1 .  Ly dgate  and  other  old  writers 
employ  this  word  in  its  etymological  sense 
of  leader.  In  Capgrave's  Chronicle,  under 
the  year  1381,  Ave  read:  "In  this  yere,  in 
the  month  of  May,  the  Comones  risen 
ageyn  the  King  ....  Her  dvl;e  Avas  Wat 
Tyler,  a  proud  knave  and  malapert."  2. 
Camden  makes  it  a  nickname  of  Marma- 
duke. 

DUKES.     See  Duke. 

DUKESON.  This  name  Avas  probably 
applied  in  the  first  instance  to  the  illegiti- 
mate sou  of  a  Duke.  It  is  analogous  to 
Fitzroy. 

DUKINFTELD.  Tlie  ancestors  of  the 
baronet  Avere  seated  at  Dukinfield  in  Che- 
shire as  early  at  least  as  the  reign  of 
Edward  I. 

DULHUMPIIREY.  Of  the  origin  of 
this  singular  name  nothing  is  known, 
though  it  has  ceitaiiily  no  I'eference  to  the 
want  of  vivacity  in  any  particular  Hum- 
phrey. It  may  be  a  corruption  of  some 
French  local  name  Avith  the  prefix  De,  Du, 
or  De  la. 

DULMAN.     See  Dolman. 


DUN 


97 


DUR 


DUMBRELL.  Qu.  dummerel,  a  silent 
l^ersoa?  Halliwell. 

DUMMER.     A  parish  in  HamiDsliire. 

DUMONT.     Fr.  '  Of  the  hill.' 

DUMSDAY.     See  Domesday. 

DUXBAR,  A  parish  and  tOAvn  in  Had- 
dingtonshire, anciently  the  fief  of  the  fa- 
mous historical  earls  of  Dunbar,  immediate 
descendants  of  Gospatric,  earl  of  Northum- 
berland, who  fled  into  Scotland  with  Edgar 
Atheliug  at  the  Norman  Conquest,  and  to 
Avhom  IMalcolni  Canmore  gave  the  manor 
soon  afterwards. 

DUNCAN".  The  Gael.  Donn-cann  (pro- 
nounced Doun-kean,)  signifying  "  Brown- 
head."  Originally  and  still  a  Christian 
name. 

DUXCANSON.     See  Duncan. 
DUNCH.    Deaf;  dull. 

"I  waz  amozt  blind  and  dunch  in  mine  eyez." 

HaUiweU. 

DUNDAGEL.  A  castle  in  Cornwall, 
now  written  Tintagel. 

DUNDxiS.  The  family  of  Dundas  "  are 
generally  believed  to  have  sprung  from  the 
Dunbars,  earls  of  March,  who  derived 
themselves  from  the  Saxon  princes  of  Eng- 
land;" (B.L.G.)  not  however  from  the  re- 
semblance of  names,  as  might  be  thought, 
for  the  two  localities  are  unconnected. 
Uthred,  second  son  of  the  first  Earl  of 
March,  temp.  David  I.,  obtained  the  barony 
of  Dundas  in  West  Lothian. 

DUNDEE.     The  Scottish  town. 

DUNFORD.  A  known  corruption  of 
Durnford. 

DUNHAM.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Chester,  Nottingham,  Norfolli,  &c. 

DUNK.  A  Dutcli  surname,  rather 
common  both  here  and  in  America.  It  is 
probably  an  epithet  implying  dark  or  ob- 
scure. Du.  cIo)i7;c)'. 

DUNKIN.  An  Eng.  corruption  of  the 
Scottish  Duncan.  The  Duncans  '  came 
south '  at  an  early  date,  for  one  Donecan 
had  got  as  far  as  Somersetshire  at  the 
making  of  Domesd.  In  the  XIV.  cent,  it 
was  often  written  Dunkau  and  Duncon  in 
English  records. 

DUNLOP.  (Often  corrupted  in  Scotland 
to  Dunlap  and  Delap.)  Traced  to  the  year 
]260,  when  Dom.  Gulielmusde  Dunlop  was 
lord  of  Dunlop  in  Ayrshire,  an  estate  still 
in  possession  of  the  family. 

DUNMAN.     The  same  as  Downman. 

DUNMOLL.  Qu.  Dunmow,  co.  Essex, 
famous  for  its  bacon-flitch,  the  reward  of 
connubial  fidelity  ? 

DUNN.     Dun,    Dunne,     Dunna,     were 
A-Sax.      personal      names,      and      Done, 
Donne,  &c.  are  in  Domesd.     Kemble  con- 
siders them  "  adjectives  relating  to  the  dark 
0 


colour  of  the  persons,"  but  Mr.  Ferguson 
ratlier  fancifully  connects  them  with 
thunder,  and  withThor,  the  god  of  thunder. 
But  that  the  surname  is  sometimes  local  is 
shown  by  its  H.R.  forms,  De  Dun,  De  la 
Dune,  &c.     A- Sax.,  dun,  a  hill, 

DUNNAGE.     Dunwich,  co.  Suffolk. 

DUNNELL.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Donald. 

DUNNING.  Dunning,  proprietor  of 
Latham,  co.  Chester,  and  ancestor  of  the 
family  of  Lathom,  or  Latham,  of  that 
place,  was  contemporary  with  the  malving 
of  Domesday  Book.  Whether  he  was  a 
continued  possessor,  of  the  Saxon  race,  or  a 
Norman  grantee,  is,  Dr.  Ormerod  thinks, 
doubtful.  His  son  was  called  Siward  Fitz- 
Duuning.  Miscellanea  Palatina,  p.  GO. 
The  contemporary  lord  of  Kiugsley,  co. 
Chester,  also  bore  the  personal  name  of 
Dunning,  as  did  several  other  persons  in 
Norman  times. 

DUN  SB  Y.     A  parish  in  co.  Lincoln. 

DUNSFORD.  A  parish  in  the  county 
of  Devon. 

DUNSTALL.  A  township  in  the  parish 
ofTatenhill,  co.  Staflbrd. 

DUNSTANVH.LE.  Reginald  de  Duns- 
tauville  was  a  baron  by  tenure  iu  the 
western  counties,  temp.  Henry  I.  The  fa- 
milj'  were  doubtless  Norman,  but  I  do  not 
find  the  locality  from  which  they  assumed 
their  name. 

DUNSTER.  A  town  and  parish  in  co. 
Somerset.     De  Dunsterre.  H.E. 

DUNSTONE.  DUNSTAN.  IMore  pro- 
bably from  one  of  the  places  so  called  in 
cos.  Lincoln,  Norfolk,  Northumberland,  and 
Stafford,  than  from  the  \vell-knowu  A-Sax. 
personal  name. 

DUNTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Bedford, 
Bucks,  Essex,  Norfolk,  and  Leicester. 

DUPLEX.  DUPLEIX.  Probably  re- 
fers neither  to  duplicity  of  character  nor  to 
a  corj^oreal  bulk  of  double  proportions.  It 
is  most  lils.ely  a  Fr.  local  name  with  the 
prefix  Du. 

DUPLOCK.  This  name  appears  in  old 
parish  registers  in  I]ast  Sussex  as  Du  Plac, 
and  is  therefore  probably  of  French  origin. 
It  may  have  been  introduced  in  the  six- 
teeutli  centur}',  when  many  Frenchmen 
settled  in  tliat  county  to  carry  on  the  iron- 
works tlien  flourisliing  there.  Its  etymo- 
logy is  obscure. 

DUPONT.     Fr.   '  Of  the  Bridge.' 

DUPPA.  Said  to  be  a  corruption  of 
DTTphaugh,  '  of  the  upper  7im/(/h,'—hnugh. 
being  a  low  flat  ground  on  the  borders  of  a 
river  (Jamieson);  but  of  this  I  have  strong 
doubts. 

DUPRE.     Fr.  D?i  Pre.  'Of  the  IMeadow.' 

DURANT.     DURAND.     See  Di.rrant. 


DYC 

DIIRBIN.     DURBAN.       Local— from 

Urbin   or    UrlMno,   the   Italian   city,    the 

birth-place  of  Raphael. 
BURDEN".      1.    See  Dearden.     2.    An 

A.-Norm.  sobriquet  —  Duredcnt,     "  hard 

tooth."  See  H.K. 
DURHAM.  The  northern  city,  anciently 

written  Duresme. 
DURHAMWEIR.     Apparently  from   a 

dam  or  weir  in  co.  Durham.     This  singular 

name  is  found  in  Scotland. 
DUREE.     An    estate  in   tlie   parish    of 

Scoonic,  CO.  Fife. 
DURLEY.      Parishes    In     Hants     and 

Somerset, 
DURNFORD.     A  parish  in  Wiltshu-e. 

DURRANT.  An  ancient  personal  name, 
in  Latin  Duraudus,  under  which  form  it 
occurs  in  Domesday.  An  early  Norman 
proprietor  of  this  name  founded  Duran- 
ville  (called  in  charters  Durandi  villa) 
near  Bernai,  in  or  before  the  eleventh 
century.  The  name  of  the  immortal 
author  of  the  Inferno  was  by  baptism 
Durante— afterwards  shortened  by  his  fa- 
miliar friends  into  Dante. 

DURRELL.      Probably     the    same    as 

Darell. 
DURSTON.  DURSTAN.  See  Thurston. 

Also  a  parish  co.  Somerset. 

DURWARD.  A-Sax.  duru-weard,  a 
door-keeper,  a  porter.  "  A  Porter,  which 
we  have  received  from  the  French,  they 
(the  Anglo-Saxons)  could  in  their  own 
tongue  as  significatively  call  a  Doren-ard.'' 
Camden's  Eemaiues. 

DURY.  The  '  braes  of  Dury'  are  in  the 
parish  of  Fowlis- Wester  in  tlie  centre  of 
Perthshire. 

D  UTTON.  A  very  ancient  Cheshire  fa- 
mily surnamed  from  Dntton  in  tliat 
county,  but  of  Norman  descent,  having 
sprung  from  Rollo,  the  conqueror  of  Neus- 
tria,  through  William,  earl  of^Eu,  who 
married  a  niece  of  Williain  the  Conqueror. 
Their  founder  in  England  was  Odard, 
nephew  of  the  far-famed  Hugh  Lupus, 
who  gave  him  the  barony  of  Dutton. 

DUX.  Lat.  A  leader ;  the  same  as  Duke. 

D\yiGHT.  Possibly  a  corruption  of 
Thwaite. 

DWYER.  Said  to  be  the  Gaelic  do-ire, 
a  woody  uncultivated  place.  Arthur. 

DYCE.     1.  Anciently   De  Dyce  or  Diss, 

CO.  Norfolk.  2.  A  parish  in  Aberdeen- 
shire. 

DYCHE.     Proliably  the  same  as  Ditch, 

though  it  is  sometimes  pronounced  like 
Dyke.  The  words  dyke  and  ditch,  indeed, 
appear  to  be  etymologically  identical,  and 
primarily  to  mean  a  barrier  or  defence ; 
and  to  this  day  in  some  provincial  dialects 
a  water-course   is  called  a  dyke  or  dick. 


98  D  Y  V 


The  A-Sax.  die  means  both  a  mound  or 
bank,  and  a  ditch,  trench,  or  moat. 

DYER.  The  occupation  ;  iinctor.  Tein- 
turier,  its  equivalent,  is  a  Fr.  surname, 
and  the  famous  Italian  painter  Tintoretto, 
whose  family  name  was  Robusti,  was  so 
called  because  his  father  had  been  a  tintoro 
or  dyer. 

DYKE.  See  Dykes.  The  baronets  of 
Sussex  and  Kent  sprang  from  the  family  of 
Dykes  of  Cumberland. 

DYKEMAN.  A  maker  of  dykes.  See 
Dyke. 

DYKES.  There  is  every  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  this  name  is  derived  from  no 
less  an  object  than  Hadrian's  Roman  Wall 
— the  "Barrier  of  the  Lower  Isthmus."  Tlie 
family  originated  at  Dykesfield,  co.  Cum- 
berland, on  the  line  of  tliat  celebrated  de- 
fence. There  is  no  doubt  that  the  popular  ap- 
pellation of  Hadrian's  work  was  "tlie  Dyke," 
or  "  the  Dykes,"  just  as  "  Graham's  Dyke" 
^vas  that  of  the  more  northern  defence  of  Lol- 
lius  Urbicus.  See  much  interesting  informa- 
tion on  this  subject  in  Dr.  Bruce's  "  Roman 
Wall,"  edit.  185.3,  pp.  279,  et  seq.,  and  Pre- 
face, p.  ix.  Dykesfield  may  have  been  so 
named  either  from  the  family,  or  inxme- 
diately  from  the  fact  of  the  barrier's  passing 
over  the  place.  However  this  may  be,  the 
surname  Dykes  was  borrowed  from  the 
wall  itself,  as  appears  from  its  earliest 
known  form,  Avhich  is  not  De  Dykesfield, 
but  Del  Dykes,  i.  e.  "  of  the  Dykes."  Ro- 
bert Del  Dykes,  the  first  recorded  indivi- 
dual of  the  familj^,  is  mentioned  in  a  deed 
(witliout  date,  but  known  from  internal 
evidence  to  be)  of  temp.  Henry  III.,  penes 
F.  L.  B.  Dykes,  Esq.  Another  ancient 
northern  family  of  the  same  district — that 
of  Thirlwall — also  derive  their  appellation 
from  the  Roman  Wall.     See  Thirlwall. 

DYjMOCK.  This  :incient  family,  in  which 
the  office  of  King's  Cha:\ipiox  has  long 
been  hereditary,  claim  descent  from  Tudor 
Trevor,  lord  of  VVhittington  in  Shropshire, 
(ancestor  of  the  Penuants,)  from  whom 
sprang  David  ap  Madoc,  commonly  called 
Dai,  whence  the  gradual  corruptions,  Dai- 
Madoc,  Damoc,  Dymoc,  Dymock.  Such 
is  the  statement  in  B.L.G.,  but  having  no 
faith  in  such  twisted  derivations,  I  shall 
take  the  liberty  of  deducing  the  name  from 
the  parish  of  Dymock  in  Gloucestershire, 
the  birth-place  of  the  "  Man  of  Ross,"  and 
also,  it  is  said,  of  the  celebrated  breed  of 
sheep  now  called  Jlerino,  exported  from 
thence  to  Spain  in  the  fourteenth  century. 

DYMOND.     See  Diamond. 

DYNE.  Anciently  Dine.  INIight  come 
from  the  Fr.  diyue,  worthy.  There  is  a 
statement,  however,  I  know  not  of  what 
authority,  that  the  family  were  identical 
with  the  Dyves,  who  came  into  England 
from  Normandy  -with  the  Conqueror.  Do 
Dine.  II. R. 

DYVB.     See  Dives. 


EAR 


99 


E  AS 


E. 


E. 


jACIIARD.     ECHARD.     An  ancient 
personal  name.    Achard.  Domesd. 

EADE.  EADES.  Probably  the  same 
as  Eady.     A  Joh'es  fiPEde  occurs  in  H.R. 

E AD  Y.  E ADIE.  ^lildi  occurs  as  a  per- 
sonal name  in  Domesday.  In  Scotland 
Edie  is  the  '  nurse-name'  of  Adam. 

EAGER.  EAGAR.  A  trait  of  cha- 
racter ;  or,  perhaps,  a  corruption  of 
Edgar  (spelt  in  A-Sax.  Eadgar)  by  the 
suppression  of  the  letter  D. 

EAGLE.  EAGLES.  EGLES.  Meta- 
phorically applied  to  a  person  of  ambitious 
or  soaring  disposition.  There  are  several 
legendary  stories  of  eagles  which  may  have 
originated  the  name;  e.  (j.  that  of  De 
Aquila  mentioned  in  this  Dictionary,  and 
the  well-known  Stanley  tradition.  See 
Curiosities  of  Heraldry,  page  187.  The 
Eagle  is  also  a  familiar  heraldiic  bearing 
and  a  common  inn  sign. 

EAGLETOX.     Eggleton,  co.  Hereford, 

or  Egleton.  co.  Eutland. 

EALAXD.     Probably  EUand,  co.  York. 

EAMES.     Probably  the  same  as  Ames. 

EARDLEY.     A    to^vnship  in  Stafford- 
shire. 
EARITH.     Eritb,  a  parish  in  Kent. 

EARL.  EARLE.  EARLES.  A-Sax. 
eorl.  Primaril}'  a  man — a  man  of  valour 
or  consideration — vir ;  afterwards  a  head, 
ruler,  leader,  or  hero ;  and  finally  a  noble- 
man of  the  highest  rank,  equivalent  to  an 
"  ealdor-man  ;"  an  Earl.     See  Bosworth. 

EARLY.  A  liberty  in  the  parish  of 
Sonning,  co.  Berks. 

EARNES.  Perhaps  Worn  the  A-Sax. 
earn,  an  eagle. 

EARNSHAW.  Local— from  A-Sax. 
earn,  an  eagle,  and  sccaga,  a  wilderness, 
(Leo)  grove,  or  shaw. 

EARTHROWL.  This  remarkable  name, 
which  occurs  twice  in  Loudon  Direct., 
1852,  would  appear  to  be  derived  from 
A-Sax.  ear,  the  ear,  and  thjrl,  an  aperture, 
hole,  or  perforation — "  the  ear-hole."  The 
word  nostril  is  a  compound  of  nase,  the 
nose,  and  thjrl — a  cognate  expression. 
How  "  ear-hole"  became  a  surname  I  do 
not  venture  even  to  guess. 

EARWAKER.  This  apparently  absurd 
name  may,  with  great  probability,  be  de- 
rived from  the  Germ.  Herr-n-achcr,  "gallant 
lord,"  or  "noble  sir."  Domesday,  liowever, 
shows  us  a  previous  tenant  in  Devon,  who 
rejoiced  in  the  appellation  of  Eureuuacre. 

EARAVHISPER.  Qu.  ear-whisperer— 
a  couA'eyer  of  scandals  ? 


EASEL.  Perhaps  the  A-Sax.  esol,  an 
ass. 

EASLEY.    Eastley,   a  place  in  Plamp- 

shire. 

EASON.  EASSON.  A  corruption  of 
Easton. 

EAST.  See  under  North.  Del  Est, 
"  of  the  East."  H.R. 

EASTBURY.    Places  in  Berks,  Dorset, 

&c. 

EASTER.  This  name  may  be  derived 
with  nearly  equal  probability  from  several 
distinct  sources,  as :  1.  From  the  parishes 
called  Easter  in  Essex.  2.  From  the 
Christian  festival,  like  Christmas,  Noel, 
Pentecost,  &c. :  we  have  also  Pask  fi'om 
Lat.  Pascha,  0.  Fr.  Pasche.  3.  From  tlie 
old  Teutonic  divinity,  Ostre  or  Eastre.  4. 
It  may  be  synonymous  with  Eastman  and 
Easterling.  The  last  derivation  is  sup- 
ported by  the  form  Le  Ester  of  the  H.Pi.. 

EASTERLIXG.  A  native  of  the  Hause 
Towns,  or  of  the  East  of  Germany.  ]\Ier- 
chants  trading  with  us  from  those  parts 
are  called  in  medieval  writings  "Mercatores 
Estrenses." 

EASTGATE.  From  residence  near  the 
eastern  gate  of  a  towrr.  The  medieval  form 
would  be  "  Atte,  de,  or  in,  Estgate."  North- 
gate,  Westgate,  and  Southgate,  well-luiown 
surnames,  originated  in  like  manner  from 
the  contiguity  of  the  bearers'  residences  to 
the  res23ective  gates. 

EAST  HAM.  Parishes  in  cos.  Chester 
and  Worcester. 

EASTPIOPE.     A  parish  in  Shropshire. 

EASTICK.  East  wick,  by  the  suppression 
of  AV,  the  same  as  in  Greenwich,  Wool- 
wich, &c. 

EASTMAN.  Probably  synonymous  with 
Easterling,  which  see. 

EASTO.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of  East- 
hope. 

EASTOX.  Like  Norton,  Sutton,  Weston, 
in  its  origin,  meaning  an  enclosure  or 
homestead,  lying  relatively  toM-ards  the 
cast.  Besides  minor  districts  and  farms, 
there  are  seventeen  parishes,  hamlets, 
tythings,  &c.,  in  England  so  designated. 

EASTWICK.  A  parish  in  Hertford- 
shire. 

EASTWOOD.  Parishes  in  Essex  and 
Nottinghamshire. 

EASUM.  A  provincial  pronunciation  of 
Evesham,  co.  Worcester. 

EASY.  EASEY.  1.  From  indolence  of 
character.     2.  The  name  of  some  locality  ? 


ECC 


100 


ECK 


3.  By  transposition  of  letters  from  Esay, 
the  old  form  of  Isaiah. 

EATON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Leicester,  Chester,  Berks,  Nottingham, 
Salop,  Derby,  Hereford,  Bedford,  &c. 

EATWELL.  Probably  from  Etwall,  a 
parish  in  Derbyshire. 

EAVES.     A  townsbijj  in  Staffordshire. 

EAVESTAFF.  Most  likely  a  corruption 
of  Heave-staff,  analogous  to  Hurlbat, 
Shakeshaft,  Wagstaff,  and  Shakspeare. 

EBBETS.  Ferguson  derives  It  from  an 
O.  German  name — Ibbet. 

EBBLEWHITE.  A  corruption  of  Ap- 
plethwaite,  a  township  in  Westmoreland. 

EBBS.  From  an  old  Frisian  name  Ebbe. 
Ferguson. 

EBELING.     See  Evelyn. 

EBELTHITE.  The  same  as  Ebble- 
Avhite. 

EBERS.  Perhaps  from  A-Sax.  eofer,  a 
boar.     See  Boar. 

^^ECCLES—  as  a  component  part  of 
many  local  names — is  not,  as  has  been 
erroneously  conjectured,  derived  from 
the  Lat.  ccclesla,  implying  the  existence 
of  a  church  in  early  times ;  neither  can 
it  be  a  corruption  of  eagle's.  It  is  pro- 
bably a  modification  of  some  A- Sax. 
personal  name.  Among  surnames  witli 
this  word  as  a  root,  we  have  Eccleshall, 
Ecclesbourn,  Ecclesfield,  Eccleston, 
Icklesham,  Igglesdeu,  &c. 

ECCLES.  1.  A  parish  In  Lancashire; 
another  in  Norfolk.  2.  "  Assumed  by  the 
proprietors  of  the  lands  and  barony  of 
Eccles  in  Dumfries-shire,  as  early  as  the 
period  when  surnames  first  became  here- 
ditary iu  Scotlaud.  John  de  Eccles  was  a 
personage  of  rank  in  the  reign  of  Alexander 
III."  B.L.G. 


A    parish   In    York- 


ECCLESFIELD. 

shire. 

^i^ECCLESIASTICAL  SURNAIMES.— 
While  it  is  easy  to  understand  whj^ 
names  of  civil  offices  and  occupations 
should  have  become  transmissible  or 
hereditary  suruames,  it  is  not  so  obvious 
how  such  names  as  Pope,,  Cardinal, 
Bishop,  Abbott,  Prior,  Archdeacon, 
Rector,  Parsons,  Vicar,  Priest,  Deacon, 
Clerk,  Friar,  Monk,  Saxton,  Pontifex, 
Novice,  &c.,  have  found  their  way  into 
oiu-  family  nomenclature.  A  writer  in 
the  Ediub.  Rev.,  Ai^ril,  1855,  says : 
"  Most  probably  such  names  were  given 
by  mothers,  or  nurses,  or  playfellows, 
and,  adhering  to  individuals,  when  sur- 
names began  to  be  hereditary,  were 
handed  down  to  posterity."  There 
were  Roman  families  called  Flamiuius 
and  Pontifex,  who  were  neither  flamens 
nor  priests,  though  Sigonius  reckons 
them  amongst  those  wliose  ancestors 
had  held  such  offices.  This  explanation, 
however,  will  not  apply  to  modern  sur- 


names, which  have  originated  long  sub- 
sequently to  the  enforced  celibacy  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  priesthood.  Noble 
(Hist.  Coll.  Arms)  thinks  that  the 
bearers  of  these  sacerdotal  names  origi- 
nally held  lands  under  those  who 
really  Avere  entitled  to  them  from  office. 
Another  theory  is,  that  the  names  were 
assumed  by  the  children  of  persons  who 
on  becoming  widowers  had  entered 
into  holy  orders.  Florence  of  Worcester, 
under  A.D.  G53,  mentions  one  Bene- 
dictus  Biscop  (bishop)  who  certainly 
never  enjoyed  episcopal  authority.  Ac- 
cording to  Kemble,  the  last  true-born 
king  of  Kent,  was  surnamed  '  Pren,'  or 
the  Priest,  because,  before  his  advance- 
ment to  regal  honours,  he  had  received 
ordination.  Similar  was  the  case  of 
Hugh  de  Lusignan,  a  French  arch- 
bishop, who  by  the  death  of  elder 
brothers  unexpectedly  became  a  great 
seigneur,  and  who,  by  Paj^al  dispensa- 
tion, resigned  his  ecclesiastical  dignity 
on  the  condition  that  he  and  his  i)os- 
teritj'  should  use  the  name  oi  Arclie- 
vcsque,  and  lieai"  a  mitre  over  their 
arms  for  ever.  Camden.  In  the  reign 
of  king  John  we  find  a  Jem  bearing  the 
surname  of  '  Bi-shop'  —  '  Deulecres  Ic 
Eveslie.''  Ed.  Rev.  ut  supr.  About  the 
same  time  a  manorial  tenant  of  St. 
Paul's  is  described  as  "  Gulielraum  au- 
rifabrum,  cognomento  Monachum,'" 
which,  as  he  was  a  married  goldsmith, 
was  of  course  a  sobriquet.  Hale's 
Domesday  of  St.  Raid's.  In  many  in- 
stances tlie  surname  was  probably  im- 
posed by  way  of  scandal,  Avhen  the 
putative  father  of  an  illegitimate  child 
was  of  the  ecclesiastical  order. 

ECCLESTON.  Parishes  and  townships 
in  cos.  Lancaster  and  Chester.  An  ancient 
family  were  seated  at  Eccleston  in  the 
latter  shire,  temp.  Henry  III.,  and  continued 
in  possession  until  the  last  generation  when 
it  was  sold,  and  the  estate  of  Scarisbrick, 
with  the  name  acquired  by  marriage  about 
the  same  i)eriod.  Sliirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men  of  England,  p.  "ll7. 

ECIIINGITAM.  A  parish  in  Sussex, 
possessed  by  the  farailv  from  temp.  Henrv 
II.  till  1482.  See  Hall's  Echyngham  of 
Echyngham,  Lond.  1850. 

ECIIUiSr.  Crawford  the  genealogist  In 
a  MS.,  dated  1747,  deduces  the  family 
from  Philip  le  Brun,  who  flourished  in 
Fifeshire  temp.  Rol:)ert  I.,  and  was  enfeoffed 
with  lands  called  Echlin  in  that  county  by 
Roger  de  ]\Iowbray.  The  family  were 
transplanted  to  Ireland  by  Dr.  Robert 
Echlin,  bishop  of  Do\\n,  temp.  James  I. 
B.L.G. 

ECK.  Probably  an  old  personal  name. 
Ecke,  a  well-known  chnracter  in  the  Ger- 
man poems  of  the  middle  ages,  seems  to 
have  been  a  sort  of  Teutonic  demigod.  See 
Ferguson. 

ECKEESALL.     Supposed  to  be  a  cor- 


EDG 


101 


EDS 


ruption  of  Eccleshall,  a  parish  in  Stafford- 
shire. 

ECKIXGTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Derby, 
and  Worcester  ;  also  the  parish  in  Sussex 
now  known  as  Eipe. 

ECKROYD.     The  same  as  Ackvoyd. 

EDDELS.  Mr.  Ferguson  ingeniously 
derives  this  name  from  a  common  source 
with  that  of  Attila,  the  renowned  leader 
of  the  Huns.  It  appears  to  signify  "  grand- 
father." ]\Ir.  F.  remarks  that  "  it  is 
difficult  to  conceive  how  such  a  name 
could  in  the  first  instance  he  haptismal, 
and  how  an  infant  could  be  called  Father 
or  Grandfather.  But  it  is  not  difficult  to 
conceive  how  the  name  might  he  given  as 
a  title  of  honour  and  respect  to  the  head  of 
a  family  or  of  a  people,  and  how,  once 
established  as  a  name,  it  might  afterwards 
become  baptismal." 

EDDIKER.  The  singular  name  Ear- 
waker  (q.  v.)  is  thus  corruptly  called  and 
written  in  Lancashire. 

EDDIS.    SeeEdis. 

EDDIS.  EDDISON.  IMay  be  derivatives 

either   of  Edie  (see  Eady),  or  of  Edward 

through  Eddy. 
EDDY.     See  Eady  and  Eddis ;  perhaps 

a  nickname  of  Edward. 

EDE.    See  Eade. 

EDEN.  Though  the  pedigree  is  not 
traced  higher  than  the  year  U13,  there  is 
no  reason  to  doubt  that  the  name  is  local 
and  derived  from  either  Castle  Eden  or 
Little  Eden  in  the  county  of  Durham, 
where,  as  jMr.  Courthope  asserts,  the  family 
were  resident  for  several  generations  prior 
to  the  close  of  the  XIV.  cent. 

EDENBOROUGH.       Probably     Edin- 
burgh. 
EDES.    EEDES.     See  Eades. 
EDEY.     EDAY.    See  Eady. 

EDGAR.    Eadgar,    a    well-known   and 

royal  personal  name  among  the  A- Saxons. 
There  are  probably  sever.al  distinct  families 
of  this  designation.  The  Scottish  family 
deduce  themselves  from  Gospatrick,  earl 
of  Northumberland,  temp.  William  I.,  who 
was  a  kinsman  of  Eadgar  Atheling,  and  a 
descendant  of  king  Eadgar,  great  grandson 
of  Alfred  the  Great.  The  Edgars  of  Suffolk 
claim  from  a  John  Edgar  of  Dunwich, 
I'ving  in  1237.  B.L.G. 

f^EDGE.  The  side  of  a  hill ;  a  ridge— 
wlience  Wolledge,  Titheredge,  Erredge, 
Muggridge,  Edgeworth,  Edgecombe, 
Egertou,  Edgerley,  Edgington,  Edgley, 
&c. 

EDGECOMBE.    See  Edgecumbe. 

EDGECU]\IBE.  The  earl  of  Ixlount- 
Edgecumbe"s  family  were  in  possession  of 
Eggcombe  or  Edgcumbe,  an  ^state  in  the 
parish  of  Milton-Abbot,  co.'  Devon,  as 
early  as  the  XIII.  century.  C,  S.  Gilbert's 
Cornwall,  i,  444,  note. 


EDGELER.     See  Hedgeler. 
EDGELL.     A  corruption  of  Edgehlll. 

EDGER.      Probably     a    corruption    of 

Hedger,  the  occupation. 
EDGERLEY.     A  townsbip  In  Cheshire. 

EDGEWORTH.  1.  A  parish  In  Glou- 
cestershire. 2.  The  family  of  Miss  Maria 
Edgeworth,  the  novelist,  claim  from 
Edward  Edgeworth,  Ijishop  of  Down 
and  Connor,  who  settled  in  Ireland  temp. 
Elizabeth.  His  ancestors  were  originally 
of  Edgeworth,  now  called  Edgeware,  in  the 
county  of  Middlesex.  B.L.G. 

EDGHILL.  Edgehlll,  a  chapelry  In  co. 
Lancaster,  and  a  hilly  ridge  in  Warwick- 
shire, famous  for  a  battle  between  Charles 
1.  and  the  Parliamentarians. 

EDGLEY.     See  Edgerley. 

EDGWORTH.  A  township  in  Lan- 
cashire. 

EDIKER.     See  Eddiker. 

EDINBURGH.  The  Scottish  metropolis. 

EDTNGTON.  A  parish  in  Wiltshire, 
and  places  in  cos.  Somerset  and  Northum- 
berland. 

EDIS.  EDISON.  May  be  from  the 
same  source  as  Eady;  but  see  Eddis. 

EDKINS.     A  diminutive  of  Edward. 

EDLIN.  Probably  a  corruption  of  the 
A-Sax.  Atheling. 

EDMESTON.  EDMISTOX.  A  cor- 
ruption of  Edmonstone. 

ED^IETT.  Probably  the  same  as  the 

Etemete  of  the  H.K.;  perhaps  originally 

imposed  as  a  sobriquet  upon  some  great 
caruivorist. 

EDMONDS.  ED^IUNDS.  EDMOND- 
SON.  EDMUNDSON.  The  son  of  Ed- 
mund. 

EDIMONSTONE.  An  estate  in  Newton, 
CO.  Edinbxn-gh. 

EDMONDSTOUNE.  Edmundus,  said 
to  have  been  a  younger  son  of  Count  Eg- 
mont  of  Flanders,  who  attended  IMargaret, 
daughter  of  Edgar  Atheling  into  Scotland, 
in  1070,  rose  to  great  eminence,  and  became 
the  progenitor  of  the  E.'s  of  cos.  Roxburgh 
and  Lanark.  B.L.G.  He  is  said  to  have 
imparted  his  name  to  Edmonstone  in  Edin- 
burghsliire,  from  which  estate  his  successors 
subsequently  derived  their  distinctive  ap- 
pellation.    Courthope's  Debrett. 

EDOLPH.  An  ancient  personal  name, 
written  in  the  Saxon  Chronicle  Eadulph. 
Tlie  same  as  Adolphus. 

EDRIDGE.  INIay  be  local,  though  I  do 
not  find  the  place;  it  is,  however,  more 
probably  the  well  known  A-Sax.  name 
Eadric,  with  a  softened  termination. 

EDSAW.     Tlie  same  as  Edsor? 

EDSOR.  EDSER.  Perhaps  corrnptions 
of  Edensor,  co.  Derby.  See  Ensor. 


EGE 


102 


ELE 


EDWARD.  The  personal  name,  which 
has  given  rise  as  surnames  to  Edwards, 
Ethards,  Edwardson,  Tedd,  and  perhaps  to 
Edes,  Edkins,  &c. 

EDWARDES.  (Bart.)  "Descended  in 
tlie  male  line  from  tlie  ancient  kings  or 
princes  of  Powysland  in  Wales.  Tliey  be- 
came seated  at  Kilhendre,  iu  the  isarish  of 
Ellesmere,  Shropshire,  as  early  as  the 
reign  of  Henry  I.  The  surname  of  Ed- 
wardes  was  first  assumed  by  John  ap 
David  ap  Madre  of  Kilhendre,  temp.  Hen. 
VII.,  and  he  was  great-grandfather  of  Sir 
Thomas  Edwardes,  the  first  baronet." 
Courthope's  Debrett.  Shirley.  Edwardes 
of  Rhyd-5'^-gors  claims  from  Ethelstan 
Glodrj'dd,  through  Cadwgan,  lord  of  Rad- 
nor, and  Edwardes  of  Sealy  Ham  claims 
from  the  celebrated  Tudor  Trevor.  B.L.G. 

EDWARDS.  This  name  is  so  common 
tliat  more  than  two  hundred  and  fifty 
London  traders  bear  it.  In  the  Registrar- 
General's  List  it  occupies  the  twentieth 
place  for  frequency,  there  being  for  every 
four  Smiths  or  Joneses  about  one  Ed- 
wards, or  25  per  cent.  Many  families  of 
Edwards  and  Edwardes  are  of  Welsh 
patrician  origin.  For  example,  Edwards 
of  Nanhoron  descends  from  one  of  the 
royal  tribes  of  Wales  through  Sir  Griffitli 
Lloyd  and  Sir  Howell  yFwyallt;  Edwards 
of  Ness  Strange  descends  from  Eiuion 
Effel,  lord  of  Cynllaeth,  co.  Montgomery, 
1182;  Edwards  of  Old-Court,  co.  Wicklow, 
claims  from  Roderick  tlie  Great,  king  of 
all  Wales  in  848,  through  his  younger  son, 
Tudwall  Glojf  or  "the  lame,"  whose  des- 
cendants settled  iu  Ireland  in  the  XVII. 
century.  It  may  seem  remarkable  that 
such  a  thoroughly  Saxon  name  should 
occur  so  frequently  in  Welsh  families  of 
ancient  blood,  but  it  must  be  remembered 
that  settled  surnames  do  not  appear  among 
the  Welsh  till  within  the  last  two  or  three 
centuries,  long  after  the  prejudices  against 
our  early  Edwards  had  passed  away.  See 
Edwardes. 

EDWARDSON.     See  Edward. 

EDWARDSTON.  A  local  surname 
mentioned  by  Camden.     Place  unknown. 

EDY.     EDYE.     See  Eady. 

EEDLE.  Edolph,  an  A-Sax.  personal 
name. 

EEL.  EELES.  Most  likely  some  A-Sax. 
personal  name  softened  from  M\,  yEthel, 

EGAN.  ].  Tlie  cineal  JEoghain,  were 
the  '  genus'  or  progeny  of  Eoglian,  a  great 
Irish  chief  contemporary  with  St.  Patrick. 
The  name  is  anglicised  to  Owen  and 
Eugene.  O'Donovan  in  Irish  Penny  .Journ. 
p.  327.  Gaelic,  e)ffi?i,  force,  violence ; 
hence  strong-handed,  active.  Arthur. 

EGERTON.  The  Egertons  have  a  com- 
mon descent  with  the  Cholmondelcys  from 
the  celebrated  William  Belward,  baron  of 
Malpas,  under  the  Norman  earls-palatiue  of 
Chester.  David  de  Malpas,  son  of  Belward, 
was  grandfather  of  David  de  Egertou,  so 


named  from  a  township  and  estate  in  the 
parish  of  Malpas,  of  which  he  was  pos- 
sessor. 

EGG.     Probably  a  hardened  pronxincia- 

tion  of  the  A-Sax.  ccff,  an  edge.  See  Edge, 
De  Egge,  H.R.,  co.  Salop, 

EGGAR,  Mr.  Ferguson  thinks  it  "  sig- 
nifies an  inciter,  stimulator,"  as  we  say 
"to  egg  on,"  but  it  is  far  more  likely  to  be 
a  corruption  of  Edgar. 

EGGS.  A  corruption  of  Exe,  the  Devon- 
shire river?     But  see  Egg. 

EGLETON,     A  parish  in  Rutlandshii-e. 

EGMON.     EGMOND.     The  Van   Eg- 

monds  were  one  of  the  most  eminent 
families  of  Holland,  and  derived  their  sur- 
name from  their  residence  at  the  mouth 
imond)  of  the  river  Hegge,  iu  North  Hol- 
land. Tliere  is  an  old  Dutch  proverb, 
which  makes  Brederode  the  noblest,  Was- 
senaar  the  oldest,  Egmont  the  richest,  and 
Arkel  the  boldest,  of  the  aristocracy  of 
Holland.     Dixon. 

EGREMONT.  An  ancient  barony  in 
Cumberland,  from  whicli  the  Wyiidliams 
in  more  recent  times  took  the  title  of  earl, 

EIGHTEEN.  From  the  number— though 

it  is  diflicult  to  account  for  its  adoption  as 
a  name.  We  ha^'e,  however,  several  ana- 
logous surnames. 

ELAM.  Eleham,  or  Elliam,  a  parish  in 
Kent. 

ELD.  ELDE.  ELDER.  I  think  these 
names  must  be  taken  literally  as  relating 
to  the  advanced  age  of  tlie  original  bearer, 
(A-Sax.  ealil)  especially  as  we  have  the  cor- 
relatives Young  and  Younger. 

ELDRED.  The  extinct  baronet  family 
of  Saxham,  co.  Sufiblk,  claimed  a  Saxon 
origin.  The  name  is  an  A-Sax,  personal 
appellation. 

ELDRIDGE.  Perhaps  local.  Eldndge, 
clriche,  or  elrltch,  is,  however,  a  medieval 
Avord  signifying  "wild,  hideous,  ghastly, 
lonesome,  uninhabited  except  by  spectres." 
Gloss,  to  Percy's  Reliques,  edit.  1839.  In 
the  ballad  of  Sir  Cauline  is  a  description 
of  an  "  eldridge  knight."  The  fair  Chris- 
tabelle  sends  her  lover  on  a  perilous 
errand,  but  forewarns  him — 

"  The  Eldridge  knight,  so  mickle  of  might, 

Will  examine  you  beforne  ; 
And  never  man  have  life  awaye, 

Cut  lie  did  him  scath  and  scorne. 
That  knicrhte  he  is  a  fond  paynim, 

And  large  of  limb  and  bone  ; 
And  but  if  heaven  may  be  thy  speede, 

Thy  life  it  is  but  gone." 

ELEJIENT.  Possibly  a  corruption  of 
Alihermont,  a  district  containing  several 
]  larishes  in  the  arrondissement  of  Dieppe  in 
Normandy.  Alihermont  would  readily 
become  Alerniont,  Alemont,  Element. 

ELEN,     A  parish  in  Hampshire, 

ELERS.  "Peter  Elers,  of  the  ancient 
baronial  family  of  thatnsime,  migrated  from 
Germany,  and  came  over  to  this  country  at 


ELL 


103 


LLP 


the  time  wlien  George  I.  was  called  to  the 
throne,"     Burke's  Commouers,  IV.  418. 

ELEY.     See  Ely. 

ELFORD.  A  parish  in  Staffordshire, 
and  a  village  in  Northumberland. 

ELGAR.  An  ancient  personal  name, 
still  often  used  in  the  South  as  a  baptismal 
appellation.  Its  forms  in  Domesd.  are  Algar 
and  -SSlgar. 

ELIAS.  Elias  or  Ilelyas  was  a  very 
common  A-Norm.  baptismal  name,  and 
became  the  parent  of  the  surnames  Ellis, 
Ellison,  and  perhaps  of  Elliot,  Elliotson,  Els 
or  Ells,  Elson,  Elley,  Ellet,  and  Lelliot. 

ELIOT.     See  Elliott. 

ELKIN.  ELIvIXS.  ELKINSON.     The 

derivation  in  Eng.  Surn.  i.  166,  is  probably 
incorrect.  Mr.  Ferguson  has  the  following 
observations.  "  Allkins  and  Elkin  may 
possibly  mean  '  Englishman.'  So  common 
was  AHa  or  Ella  as  an  early  Saxon  name, 
that  tlie  Northern  Scalds  familiarly  termed 
Englishmen  in  general  Ello-Kijn,  the  race 
of  Ella.  Wheaton's  Hist,  of  the  Northmen. 
Allkins  and  Elkin  may,  however,  simply 
be  diminutives  of  Alia  or  Ella." 

ELIvrN"GTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Lincoln 
and  Northampton. 

ELLACOMBE.  A  place  under  the 
Haldon  hills,  co.  Devon,  where  the  De 
Ellacombes  were  resident  in  1306. 

ELLARD.  Elard,  an  A-Sax.  personal 
name. 

ELLERKER.  A  township  in  the  parish 
of  Brantiugham,  Yorkshire. 

ELLERY.     A  corruption  of  Hilary. 

ELLES.     ELLET.     See  Elias. 

ELLESMERE.  ELSMERE.  A  town 
and  parish  in  cos.  Salop  and  Flint. 

ELLIOTT.  A  name  of  doubtful  orioin. 
A  William  Allot  came  into  England  with 
the  Conqueror,  and  the  name  seems  to  be 
connected  with  Alis  and  Ellis.  But  Hals, 
speaking  of  the  Eliots  (Lord  St.  Germain's 
family),  says:  "  These  gentlemen  I  take  to 
be  of  Scots  original  and  so  denominated 
from  the  local  place  of  Eliot,  near  Dundee." 
D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall,  ii.  66.  The  name, 
though  very  widely  spread,  certainly  seems 
in  most  instances  to  have  come  from  N. 
Britain,  where  a  great  clan  so  called 
existed. 

ELLIS.  In  the  whole  ranoe  of  family 
nomenclature  there  is  perhaps  no  name 
which  admits  of  more  variety  of  origin,  or 
a  greater  number  of  differing  forms, 
"  Elles  or  Ellis  in  British,"  says  Hals,  in 
D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall,  iii.  ■129,  "is  ason-in- 
law  by  the  wife,  and  Els  or  Ells,  a  son-in- 
law  by  the  husband,  Ella  or  J211a  is  a  well- 
known  regal  name  of  A-Sax,  times,  and  its 
genitive  form  would  in  later  days  become 
Ellis.  From  these  two  sources  some  of  our 
very  numerous  families  may  have  sprung, 
but  there  is  little  doubt  that  the  surname 


Ellis  has  for  the  most  part  been  formed 
from  the  scripture  name  Elias,  which  does 
not  occur  as  an  A-Sax,  name,  but  which 
was  in  use  in  France  as  early  as  the  days 
of  Charlemagne,  as  a  baptismal  designation, 
and  afterwards  gave  name  to  several  fami- 
lies of  Elie,  Elias,  though  uncommon  now 
as  a  Christian  name,  was  not  so  in  the  earlj' 
Norman  reigns,  and  indeed  it  had  become 
hereditary  at  the  time  of  the  Norm,  Conq., 
in  the  form  of  Alis,  William  Alis,  men- 
tioned in  Domesd,  and  by  Ordericus  Vitalis, 
was  progenitor  of  the  Ellises  of  Kiddal,  co, 
York,  and  Stoneacre,  co,  Kent,  from  whom 
sprang  Sir  Archibald  Ellys,  a  crusader 
temp,  Richard  I.,  who  is  said  to  have 
originated  the  cross  and  crescents  so 
common  to  the  Ellis  coat-armour.  Ellis 
in  later  times,  both  in  Wales  and  England, 
became  a  common  personal  name,  and  con- 
sequently there  are  in  both  countries  many 
families  of  distinct  origin.  See  '  Notices  of 
the  Ellises,'  Loud.  1857,  and  Peds,  of  Ellis 
and  Fitz-Ellis  in  '  Topographer  and  Ge- 
nealogist,'vol.  iii.  Theprincipal  formsof  this 
name  in  the  H.E,  are  Eleys,  Elice,  Elics, 
Elis,  Elys  ;  and  other  proven  variations  are 
Alis,  rialis,  Elias,  Helias,  Ellys,  Elles, 
Hellis.Hellys,  Hilles,  Helles,  Hollys,  Holys, 
Holies,  lies,  Ilys,  Eyles,  and  Eales,  Of 
course  several  of  these  forms  are  ctymoloiji- 
calhj  traceable  to  other  and  very  cliiTerent 
sources,  Ellison,  Alison,  and  Fitz-Ellis  are 
also  well-known  surnames.  luf,  W.  S. 
Ellis,   Esq, 

ELLISON,     See  Ellis. 

ELLMAN",  Doubtless  the  Elmund,  Al- 
mund.  iElmund,  or  ^Eilmundus  of  Domesd. 
— a  baptismal  name. 

ELLWOOD,     See  Elwood, 

EL]\IER.  An  A-Sax,  personal  name. 
An  individual  so  designated  was  a  tenant 
in  chief  in  co.  Hereford,  temp.  Domesd. 
The  same  as  Aylmer. 

John  Elmer,  bisliop  of  London,  temp.  Eliz.,  once 
called  Mr.  Maddox  "  as  mad  a  beast  as  he  ever  saw;" 
but  Mr.  Maddox  replied,  "  By  your  favour,  Sir,  your 
deeds  answer  your  name  rigliter  than  mine,  for  your 
name  is  Elmar,  and  you  have  marred  all  the  elms  in 
Fulhara  by  lopping  them." 

ELiSIES.  ELMS.  This  surname  is 
congenerous  with  Ash,  Cakes,  &c,,  and 
there  are  many  localities  so  designated  in 
England, 

EL:MHIRST.  An  estate  near  Doncaster, 
CO,  York,  which  was  owned  by  Eobert  de 
Elmehirst.  temp,  Edw,  I.,  and  still  belongs 
to  the  family.     Hunter's  Doncaster. 

EL:\rORE.    See  Elmer. 

ELPHEE.    See  Elphick. 

ELPHICK.  There  is  a  group  of  names 
which  may  fairly  be  placed  around  this  as 
a  common  centre  ;  viz.  Alphe,  Alphen,  Al- 
phew,  Alpheg,  Elphee,  El  feck,  Alphegh, 
&c.  xElfech  occurs  in  Domesd,  as  having 
l:)een  a  sub-tenant  in  Sussex,  temp.  Edw. 
Confessor,  and  not  long  previously,  viz. 
A.D,  1006,  St,  Elphegus  or  Alphage  was 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury.     The  personal 


EM  A 


104 


ENG 


■  name  is  evidently  of  A-Sax,  origin,  and  it 
has  been  derived  from  two  words  in  tliat 
language — al,  all,  and  fcgan,  to  fix  or  join, 
and  interpreted  to  signify  "a  man  who  can 
do  anything ;  a  Jack  of  all  Trades."  En- 
cycl.  Perthensis. 

ELPHINSTONE.  The  ancestor  of  Lord 
Elphinstone  was,  according  to  a  family 
tradition,  a  German,  who,  marrying  a  re- 
lative of  liing  Robert  I.,  settled  in  Lotliian, 
and  gave  his  lands  tliere  the  designation  of 
Elvington,  after  his  own  name.  Bui-ke's 
Peerage.  I  do  not  find  the  slightest  evi- 
dence in  support  of  this  statement,  but 
there  is  abundant  proof  that  the  surname 
De  Elphinstone  was  of  good  consideration 
from  the  XIII.  century,  when  it  occurs  in 
charters  dated  1250,  1252,  &c.  It  was 
doubtless  derived  from  the  estate  and 
village  of  Elphinstone  co.  Haddington. 

ELS.     ELLS.     See  Ellas. 

ELSHENDER.  A  northern  corruption 
of  Alexander. 

ELSHIE.  1.  Now  Elshie-A-7;/eZrZ.5,  a  di- 
vision of  the  parish  of  Lochmaben,  co. 
Dumfries.  2.  A  Scottish  nicliname  for 
Alexander. 

ELSOM.  Elsham,  a  parish  in  Lincoln- 
shire. 

ELSON.     A  corruption  of  Elston. 

ELSTOB,  A  township  in  Stainton,  co. 
Durham. 

ELSTON.  ELLSTON.  Parishes,  &c , 
in  cos.  Nottingham,  Lancaster,  &c. 

ELSTOW.     A  parish   in   Bedfordshire, 

the  birthplace  of  the  "illustrious  dreamer," 
John  Bunyan. 

ELSWORTH.  ELSWORTHY.  A  pa- 
rish in  Cambridgeshire. 

ELTHAIM.     A  parish  in  Kent. 

ELTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Chester,  Derby,  Durham,  Hereford,  Hun- 
tingdon, Lancaster,  Nottingham,  kc. 

ELVES.     A  corruption  of  Elwes. 

ELTVES.  Not  improbably  from  Alwi, 
an  ancient  personal  name.  Several  of  tliis 
name  occur  in  Domesday  Book  as  capital 
tenants,  and  at  least  two  of  them  were  of 
Saxon  origin.  Ellis's  lutrod.  i.  372. 

ELWYN.     The  same  as  Aylwiu. 

ELWOOD.  Several  tenants  in  chief  in 
Domesd.  are  called  Alwoldus  or  Aldwold,  a 
contraction  of  the  A-Sax.  JEthelwald. 
Ellis,  Introd.  i.  373.  A  border  clan  of  El- 
wood  existed  temp.  Elizabeth.  In  a  MS. 
tract  copied  in  Arch<i3ologia,  XXII.,  1(38,  it 
is  stated  in  reference  to  Liddesdale,  that 
"  the  strength  of  this  country  consisteth  in 
two  surnames  of  Armestronges  and  El- 
Avoodes." 

ELWORTHY.  A  parish  in  co.  Somerset. 

ELY.    A  city  in  Cambridgeshire. 

EMANUEL.  A  well-known  Jewish  sur- 
name. 


ELIARY.     See  Amory. 

E:\IBERS0N.  a  corruption  of  Emer- 
son. 

EMBLETON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Northumberland,  Cumberland,  and  Dur- 
ham. 

EMERICK.     See  Amory. 

EiNIERSON.  The  son  of  Emeric  or 
Almericus.  See  Amor}^ 

EMERTON.     See  Emmerton. 

EMERY.  Tlie  ancient  personal  name 
Almericus.     See  Amory. 

EMES.     See  Ames. 

EMMENS.     See  Emmett. 

EMMERSON.     See  Emerson. 

EMMERTON.  A  parish  in  co.  Bucks, 
more  usually  written  Emberton. 

E]\Ij\IETT.  Ferguson  derives  the  group 
Emms,  Emmens,  Emmet,  Emms,  Emson, 
&c.,  from  the  A-Sax.  cam,  an  uncle. 

EMI\IOTSON.     See  Emmett. 

EMMS.     See  Emmett. 

EIMPEROR.  Probably  a  modern  trans- 
lation of  Lempricre,  -which  see. 

EMSON.     EMPSON.     See  Emmett. 

ENGAINE.  "Tlie  first  mentioned  of 
this  name  is  Pdchard  Engaine,  in  the 
time  of  the  Conqueror,  to  Mhom  he  held 
the  office  of  chief  engineer.  Hence  the 
name  D'Eugaiue  from  De  Ingeniis."  This 
very  unlikely  derivation  is  given  Avithout 
authority  in  JBanks's  Baronage,  i.  292. 

ENGALL.     The  same  as  Li&old. 

ENGLAND.  Engelond  occurs  several 
times  in  U.R.  as  a  surname,  Avithout  any 
prefix.  It  seems  quite  absurd  to  liave 
adopted  the  name  of  one's  country  while 
still  residing  in  it,  as  a  family  name;  but 
I  am  inclined  to  think  that  it  was  first 
given  to  an  Englishman  when  living  in  a 
foreign  country,  and  that  he,  on  his  return, 
continued  to  use  it.  Or,  England  may 
possibly  be  the  name  of  some  obscure  lo- 
cality of  Avhich  the  family  were  anciently 
possessed,  just  as  tlie  Hollands  take  their 
name,  not  from  tlie  land  of  Dutchmen,  but 
from  a  district  of  Lincolnshire. 

ENGLEBURTT.     The    O.    and   Mod. 

Germ,  personal  name  Englebert. 
ENGLEDOAV.    See  Ligledew. 

ENGLEFIELD.  A  parish  In  Berkshire. 
The  family  continued  in  possession  of  the 
estate  when  Lambarde  Avrote,  temji.  Queen 
Elizabeth.  "It  is  at  this  day  part  of  the 
possessions  of  a  man  of  that  name,  whear- 
by  it  may  ajipcare  that  the  place  som  tyme 
g}wetli  name  to  the  parson"  (person).  The 
Englefields  are  said  to  have  been  jDroprietors 
of  the  lands  in  the  time  of  Egbert,  some 
years  before  he  became  king  of  all  England. 
This  must  of  course  be  doubtful,  though 
there  seems  to  be  evidence  of  their  residence 
there  liefore  the  Con(_[uest. 


EPP 

ENGLEHEART.  A  recent  importation 
from  Germany.  It  is  doubtless  •  from  the 
0.  and  Mod.  Germ,  personal  name  Eugel- 
liart. 

ENGLISH.  An  additional  name  applied 
for  distinction's  sake,  in  early  Norman 
times,  to  such  persons  as  were  permitted  to 
retain  their  lauds.  Thus  in  Domesd.  we 
find  "  quatuor  Angli"— Four  English,  men- 
tioned as  holding  in  capite  in  Hampshire. 

ENNESS.     See  Ennis. 

ENNIS.  A  contraction  of  the  Irish  Mac 
Gennis. 

EISTSIGN.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Enson,  Henson,  Henryson. 

ENSOLL.     Seelnsoll. 

EXSOM.  ENSUM.  Ensham,  co.  Ox- 
ford. 

ENSOR.  The  Ensors  of  Rollesby  Hall, 
CO.  Norfolk,  are  descended  from  the  Eden- 
sors  of  Staffordsliire,  who  doubtless  bor- 
rowed their  surname  from  the  parish  of 
Edensor  in  the  neighbouring  county  of 
Derby. 

ENTWISLE.  A  township  and  estate 
in  Lancashire,  which  was  possessed  by 
the  family  temp.  Henry  V.  and  VI.,  and 
doubtless  much  earlier. 

ENYS.  An  estate  in  Cornwall,  still  pos- 
sessed by  the  family,  to  whom  it  belouged 
temp.  Edward  III. 

EOCHAGAN.  EOGHAN.  See  Mageo- 
ghegau. 

EPPS.  The  genitive  form  of  an  old 
per.sonal  name.  A  Roger  Epjje  is  found 
in  H.E. 

EW°ER,  as  a  termination.  lu  the  XIII. 
and  XIV.  centuries,  many  small  jjro- 
prietors  and  cottagers  assumed  a  station- 
ary name,  as  we  have  seen,  rather  from 
the  situation  than  from  the  name,  of 
their  residences,  generally  prefixing  'At.' 
Thus  one  who  dwelt  by  a  brook  was 
called  At  Broke,  or  for  softness  A'Rroke, 
one  who  resided  near  the  church  was 
called  AtChurch.  In  course  of  time 
the  At  was  dropped,  and  the  termination 
-ER,  or  very  frequently  -stAN,  affixed ; 
thus  the  one  old  name  "At  Brook'  be- 
came the  common  parent  of  three  mo- 
dern ones — Brook,  Brooker,  and  Brook- 
man';  so  At-Church  of  Church,  Church- 
er,  and  Churchman.  Bourner,  Croucher, 
Fenner,  Fielder,  Furlonger,  Grover, 
Heather,  Hother,  Holter,  Hoper,  Knap- 
l^er,  Lalier,  Plainer,  Ponder,  Eayuer, 
Slader,  Streeter,  Stocker,Stoner,  To-wTier, 
Witcher,  and  numerous  others,  belong 
to  this  class. 

In  Germany,  Belgium,  ka.,  the  suffix 
ER  denotes  the  town  from  which  the 
person  came,  as  Piusbridger,  Dantziger, 
Hamburgher.  These  and  several  other 
surnames  similarly  formed  liave  been 
naturalized  in  England.  Such  names 
have  generally  been  assumed  by  Jewish 
families. 


105 


ESP 


ERBY.     The  same  as  Irby. 

ERICKSOK  From  Eric,  a  Teutonic 
personal  name. 

ERIDGE.  ERREDGE.  An  estate  Jn 
the  parish  of  Frant,  co.  Sussex. 

ERITH.     A  parish  In  Kent. 

ERLAM.  A  corruption  of  Earlham,  co. 
Surrey. 

ERLE.     See  Earle. 

ERLING.  An  ancient  Norse  appellation. 
Magnus  Erlingsson  was  king  of  Norway 
from  11G2  to  1184. 

ERNLEY,     A  parish  In  Sussex. 

ERREY.     Perhaps  from  the    Teutonic 

personal  name  Eric. 

ERRINGTON.  Perhaps  Erringden,  co. 
York. 

ERROL.  A  parish  in  Perthshire,  from 
which  the  noble  family  of  Hay  take  their 
title  of  carl. 

ERSKINE.  The  name  of  this  ancient 
and  noble  Scottish  family  is  derived  from 
the  barony  of  Erskine  on  the  Clyde,  in 
Pienfrewshire,  and  it  was  first  assumed  by 
Henry  of  Erskine,  about  the  year  1220. 

ESAM.       Perhaps    from  Evesham,    co. 

AVorcester. 

ESCOMBE.     A  chapelry  In  co.  Durham. 

ESAU.  The  personal  name.  It  is  strange 
that  the  maxim,  "  Bonum  nomen  bonum 
omen,"  could  ever  have  been  so  disregarded 
as  in  the  imposition  of  this  designation  as 
a  family  name.  Stranger  still  is  it  that 
any  parent  in  modern  times  should  give  it  at 
the  font !  Yet  I  have  known  an  Esau,  as 
well  as  an  Ananias  and  an  Absolom. 

ESDAILE.  "At  the  Revocation  of  the 
Edict  of  Nantes,  1GS5,  the  ancestor  of  this 
family,  descended  from  an  honourable 
house,  then  i-epresented  by  the  Baron 
D'Estaile,  being  a  Protestant,  fled  from 
France,  and  lived  and  died  in  obscurity 
in  England."  Such  is  the  account  in 
B.L.G.,  which,  however,  shows  no  con- 
nection between  the  existing  family  and 
the  refugee.  The  name  appears  to  be  de- 
rived either  from  Eskdale  in  Cumberland, 
or  from  Eskdaleside,  co.  York. 

ESGILL.  A  river  In  Herefordshire,  now 
called  the  Eskle. 

ESPINASSE.  The  founder  of  this  family 
in  England,  was  a  French  Protestant,  who 
settled  here  under  the  sanction  of  Charles 
II.,  by  his  order  in  council,  28  July,  1081, 
authorizing  the  denization  of  foreign  Pro- 
testants without  fee. 

ESPINETTE.  The  family  bearing  this 
name  were  French  Protestants,  who  left 
their  native  place.  Port  Danvau,  on  the 
river  Cliarente,  near  Koehelle,  at  the  Eev. 
of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  in  1GS5,  and  settled 
at  Rye  in  Sussex.     Holloway's  Eye,  p.  582. 


EVE 


106 


EYR 


ESQUIRE.     SeeArmlger. 

ESSELL.    Probably  the  same  as  Hassell. 

ESSEX.  The  county.  One  Swain  of 
Essex  was  a  tenant  in  chief  in  co.  Hun- 
tingdon at  the  making  of  Domesday.  Henry 
de  Essexia,  probably  his  descendant,  was  a 
powerful,  but  at  length  an  unfortunate 
baron,  temp.  Henry  11.  See  Chronicle  of 
Battel  Abbe}^,  p.  95. 

ESTAIMPES.  Now  Etampes,  a  large 
town  of  France,  department  of  Seine  and 
Oise,  twenty-eight  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Paris. 
Camden  places  this  among  French  names 
introduced  at  the  Conquest. 

ESTARLING.     See  Easterling. 

ESTCOURT.  An  estate  at  Shipton- 
Moign,  CO.  Gloucester,  which  was  the  pro- 
perty of  the  family  14  Edw.  IV.  and  doubt- 
less much  earlier.  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men,  p.  87. 

ESTWICK.     See  Eastwick. 

ETHARDS.  A  common  corruption  of 
Edwards. 

ETHELSTON.  The  Ethelslons  of 
Wicksted  Hall,  co.  Chester,  claim  descent 
from  King  Athelstan,and  their  pretensions 
are  set  forth  in  a  certain  Harleian  MS. 
(No.  2042)  entitled  Etliclcstojjhylax!  B.L.G. 
Without  conceding  this  lofty  claim  from 
the  grandson  of  Alfred,  we  may  fairly  de- 
rive the  name  from  its  Anglo-Saxon  pro- 
tot)iDe. 

ETTRICK.  The  ftimily  of  E.  of  High 
Barnes,  co.  Durham,  trace  to  Dorsetshire, 
temp.  Henry  VIII.  The  name,  however  it 
got  so  far  south,  is  in  all  probability  de- 
rived from  Ettrick,  parish,  river,  and  forest 
in  Selkirkshire,  where  a  certain  well-known 
'  shepherd'  wooed  the  Muses. 

EU.  EW.  E^VE.  A  town  of  Nor- 
mandy, well  known  in  ancient  times  for 
its  powerful  earls,  and  in  the  present  cen- 
tury for  the  chateau  of  King  Louis  Philippe. 

EUSTACE.  From  the  proper  name 
Eustachius.  The  familj'-,  settled  in  Ireland 
imder  Henry  II.,  were  of  Norman  descent. 

EVAjSTS.  The  genitive  of  Evan,  a  com- 
mon Welsh  baptismal  name,  equivalent  to 
John. 

EVANSON.     The  son  of  Evan. 

EVE.  Apparently  au  obsolete  personal 
name — perhaps  the  same  as  Ivo ;  whence 
Eveson  and  Eves.  A  Loudon  perfumer 
(1852)  bears  the  queer  epicene  appellation 
of  Adam  Eve  1  In  the  H.R.  we  have  Adam, 
son  of  Eve— Ad  fil'  Eve  ! 

E\'rELYjSr.  Probably  an  ancient  personal 
name  corresponding  with  the  German 
Ebeling  or  Abeling,  the  ING  being  patro- 
nymical.  Burke,  however,  derives  it  fi-om 
a  place  in  Shropshire  " now  called  Evel3n, 
but  formerly  written  Avelvn  and  Ivelyn." 
B.L.G. 

EVENDEN.    See  —den. 

EVENING.    See  Times  and  Seasons. 


EVERARD.  A  well-known  Teutonic 
baptismal  name.  The  family  were  ancient 
in  the  county  of  Essex.  In  Domesd. 
Ebrardus  :  in  H.R.  Eborard. 

EVERETT.  An  evident  corruption  of 
Everard. 

EVERINGHAM.  A  parish  in  York- 
shire. 

EVERMUE.  H.R.  A  small  town  in  the 
arrondissement  of  Dieppe,  liodie  Enver- 
meu. 

EVERSFIELD.  An  old  local  surname 
in  Sussex — locality  unknown. 

EVERSHED.  Probably  from  Eversholt, 
a  parish  in  Bedfordshire,  or  from  Evershot, 
a  parish  m  Dorsetshire. 

EVERTON.  Parishes,  &c.  in  cos.  Bed- 
ford, Notts,  and  Lancaster. 

EVERY.     See  Avery. 

EVES.     See  Eve. 

EVESON.     From  Eve,  which  see. 

EVIL.     See  Eyvile. 

EVORS.  EVERS.  Probably  the  same 
as  Mac  Ivor,  though  Ferguson  derives 
them  from  the  A-Sax.  cfor  or  efyr.  a  boar. 

EWART.  A  township  in  Northumber- 
land. 

EWELL.  1.  A  town  in  Surrey.  2. 
Ewald,  an  A-Sax.  personal  name. 

EWEN.     EWENS.     See  Ewing. 

EWER.     See  Ure. 

EWING.  Euing,  probably  a  Saxon,  oc- 
curs in  Domesday. 

EXALL.  Two  parishes  in  co.  Warwick. 
(Exhall.) 

EXCELL.     See  Exall. 

EXETER.  The  chief  town  of  Devon- 
shire. A  Baldwin  de  Exeter  was  a  tenant 
in  chief  in  that  county  at  the  compilation 
of  Domesday. 

EXPENCE.  In  Clewer  church  "some 
ver}'  indifferent  verses  on  a  brass  plate 
commemorate  IMartin  Expence,  a  famous 
archer  who  shot  a  match  against  a  hundred 
men  near  Bray,  co.  Berks."  Lysons' Berks. 

EXTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Rutland,  So- 
merset, and  Hants. 


EYLES. 

Ellis. 


One   of  the   many  forms    of 


EYRE.  For  the  traditional  origin  of 
this  name  in  the  circumstance  of  a  Norman 
kuiglit  having,  at  the  battle  of  Hastings, 
succoured  duke  William  of  Normandy  and 
given  him  air  when  he  was  in  danger  of 
.suffocation — see  Eng.  Surn.  ii.  3.  The 
true  meaning  of  the  name  seems  to  be  heir 
(hajres)  since  the  H.R.  give  us  the  forms  of 
Le  Eyr,  and  Le  Eyre ;  in  fact  the  0.  Eng. 
orthography  usually  rejects  the  initial  h  in 
this  word.     Brother,   Cousin,   Friend,  and 


FAI 

various  other  words  expressive  of  cousau- 
guiueous  and  social  relatious,  are  also 
found  in  our  famil}'  nomenclature. 

EYRES.     See  Eyre. 

EYTOiSr.     The  family  were  certainly  re- 
sident at  Eyton,  co.  Salop,  as  early  as  the 


107  FAI 


reigns  of  Henry  I.  and  II.  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men,  p.  100. 
EYVILE.  EYVILL.  The  name  with 
the  prefix  de  occurs  in  the  H.R.  It  is 
doubtless  derived  from  Normandy  or  France. 
A  crasis  of  tlie  preposition  and  the  noun 
prodvice  Devil ! 


F. 


FaBER.  The  hitinization  of  Wright, 
which  see. 

FABIAiST.  FABYAN.  An  ancient  per- 
sonal name — the  Latin  Fabianus. 

FACER.  An  impudent  person  ;  a 
boaster.  Halliwell.  More  probably  a 
workman  who  puts  the  '  face'  or  finish 
upon  some  article  of  manufacture. 

FADDY.  A  west  of  England  pro- 
vincialism, meaning  frivolous, 

FAED.     Gael,  faidh,  a  prophet  ? 

FAGAN.  A  corruption  of  the  patrony- 
mical  O'Hagan.  The  Fagans  of  Feltrim, 
CO.  Cork,  deduce  themselves  from  Patrick 
0"Hagan,  who  opposed  the  invasion  of 
Ireland  by  the  Anglo-Normans  in  the 
XII.  cent.     SeeB.L.G. 

FAGG.  Feg  occurs  in  Domesday,  and 
Fag  in  the  H.R.  The  Kentish  family 
were  long  connected  with  the  parish  of 
Eye,  CO.  Sussex,  and  perhaps  derived  their 
name  from  lauds  there,  still  called  Fagg 
fann. 

FAGGETTER.  Fr.  fagofeur,  a  fogot- 
maker.     Cotgr. 

FAIL.  A  corruption  of  the  Gaelic  Mac- 
Phail. 

FAIR.  FAYRE.  Allusive  to  com- 
plexion. So  the  Latin  Flavus,  the  French 
Blond,  Blondel,  &c.,  and  the  Italian 
Bioudi,  &c. 

It  is  often  found  in  composition  with 
other  words,  in  English  family  names,  as 
will  be  seen  below.  Sometimes  the  epithet 
alludes  to  a  personal  peculiarity,  as  in 
Fairhead,  Fairbeard.  and  sometimes  to  a 
local  one,  as  in  Fairford,  Fairholm,  Fair- 
bank,  Fairbridge,  Fahburn. 

FAIRBAIRjSr.  Bairn,  Scot.,  a  child.  A 
fair  or  beautiful  child.  It  may,  however, 
mean,  like  the  French  heau-fds,  a  step-son. 

FAIRBEARD.     See  Beard. 

FxURBROTHER.     See  Farebrother. 

FAIRCHILD.     The  same  as  Fairbairn, 


which  see.    In  the  H.R.  we  have  Farchild 
and  Fayrchild. 

FAIRCLOTH.  A  corruption  of  Fair- 
clough,  (pronounced  Faircluff).  A  '  clough' 
is  a  narrow  ravine  or  glen. 

FAIREST.     Probably  a  local  name. 

FAIRFAX.  A-Sax.  fcegr  and  feax, 
fair-haired.  The  same  as  the  Latin  Flavus, 
the  Fr.  Blond,  &c.  "  Fax  and  vex  are  the 
same,  signifying  hair.  Hence  jMatthew  of 
Westminster  calleth  a  comet,  which  is 
Stella  crinita,  ^  vexed  .star  [A-Sax./majcf? 
steorra ;]  aud  this  family  had  their  name 
from  beautiful  bushy  hair.  I  confess  I 
find  in  Florilegus,  writing  of  the  Holy 
War,  "  Primimrbellum  Cliristianoriun  fuit 
apud  pontem  Pliarfax  fluminis ;  but  can- 
not concur  with  them  who  hence  derive 
the  name  of  this  family."  Fuller,  (Worthies 
of  England,  iii,  -iU,)  who  adds,  that  in  his 
time  (two  hundred  years  ago)  twenty  ge- 
nerations of  Fairfaxes  had  resided  on  one 
spot,  at  Walton,  co.  York — a  rare  instance 
of  long  territorial  possession  by  one  name 
and  family.  The  existing  representative  of 
this  ancient  race  is  Lord  Fairfax,  an 
American  by  birth  and  parentage,  who, 
with  the  same  republican  principles  which 
actuated  his  great  ancestor,  prefers  a  quiet 
life  at  Woodburue  in  Maryland,  to  a  seat 
in  the  House  of  Peers. 

FxVIRFOOT.  Perhaps  from  ;;e^aZbeauty, 
since  the  cognate  Belejambe  (fair  leg)  is 
found  in  H.R. ;  more  likely  from  the  name 
of   some  locality.      See    the    termination 

FOOT. 

FAIRFOUL.  FAIRFOWLE.  A  beau- 
tiful bird.  Qu.  a  provincialism  for  pea- 
cock? 

FAIRFULL.  Fearful,  timid.  Or  per- 
haps the  same  as  Fairfoul. 

FAIRHAIR.     See  Fairfax. 

FAIRHALL.  Perhaps  Fairhaugh,  a 
place  in  Northumberland. 

FAIRIiEAD.  From  the  light  colour  of 
one's  hair,   or  perhaps  a  local  name.     See 


FAL 


108 


FAN 


termmation  head.  Fairhevid,  tlie  Saxon, 
and  Belteste,  the  Fr.  forms  of  it,  occur  in 
H.R. 

FAIRHOLT.  The  father  of  Mr.  F.  W. 
Fairholt,  F.  S.  A.,  a  well-known  living 
author,  came  from  Germany  about  the  end 
of  the  last  century,  and  translated  his 
German  appellative  into  Fairholt,  which 
he  bequeathed  to  his  son,  who  is  the  only 
l^erson  now  bearing  it. 

FAIRLAjMB.  Most  likely  a  corruption 
of  some  local  name  terminating  in  kam. 

FAIRLES.  This  northern  surname, 
which  originated  near  Durham,  is  of 
doubtful  etymology,  as  it  has  been  va- 
riously written  Fairlie,  Faderless,  Farrales, 
and  Fairless.  Whether  it  is  local,  or 
whether  it  relates  to  the  orphanhood  of 
its  first  bearer,  is  uncertain,  tliough  the 
family  consider  it  to  be  derived  from  a 
place  now  called  Fawlees,  or  Fawnlease, 
near  Wolsingham.     FolliS  of  Shields. 

FAIRMAN.  ] .  A  huckster,  or  attender 
at  fairs.  2.  (A-Sax.  faran,  to  go).  A 
messenger.  The  H.E.  present  the  variations 
Faremau,  Feirman,  Fayrman. 

FAIRMANNERS.  This  name  has  pro- 
bably nothing  to  do  with  the  boni  mores,  or 
deportment  of  the  first  bearer,  Inzt  is  most 
likely  a  translation  of  the  French  Beau- 
majioir,  the  'fair  manor,'  or  beautiful  man- 
sion or  dwelling-place — a  local  name  not 
uncommon  in  France. 

FAIRN.  Parishes  In  cos.  Ross  and 
Forfar. 

FAIRPLAY.  From  fairness  in  sport  or 
combat.     So  Playfair. 

FAIR  WEATHER.  Fayrweder,  H.R. 
See  the  cognate  name  Merryweather. 

FAIRY.  FAIREY.  A-Sax./tf?^?- and ;g-. 
'  Fair-island,'  a  local  name.  This  surname 
which  occurs  in  the  Kegistrar-General's  list 
has  therefore  no  connection  with  Queen 
Mab,  Puck,  Eobin  Goodfellow,  or  any  of 
their  family. 

FAITH.  From  one  who  personated  this 
Christian  virtue  in  some  medieval  miracle 
play.  The  anniversary  of  St.  Faith,  virgin 
and  martyr,  occurs  in  the  Pioman  calendar 
on  the  6th  of  October ;  perhaps  the  original 
owner  of  this  surname  was  born  on  that 
day.     See   Christmas,  Noel,  Pentecost,  &c. 

FAITHFUL.     Loyal,  trustworthy. 

FALCOjST.  L  The  bird,  from  some  fancied 
resemblance.  2.  A  trader's  sign.  The 
'  falcon  and  fetterlock '  M'as  a  favourite 
badge  of  the  house  of  York. 

FALCONER.    FAL(^ONAR.     One  who 

pursued  the  sport  of  falconry,  so  much  ad- 
mired in  the  middle  ages,  when  a  patrician 
was  recognised  by  "  his  horse,  his  haAvk, 
and  his  greyhound."  Kings  and  great  men 
kept  a  state  falconer,  and  in  such  estima- 
tion was  the  office  held  in  Norman  times 
that  Domesday  Book  shews  us  four  different 
tenants-in-chief   besides   others   who   are 


described  each  as  Accipitrarins — hawker,  or 
falconer.  Even  at  the  i^resent  time  the 
Duke  of  St.  Albans  holds  the  office  of  Here- 
ditary Grand  Falconer  of  England ;  and  a 
late  possessor  of  the  title  made  an  unsuc- 
cessful attempt  to  reinstate  the  sport,  Avhich, 
however  picturesque,  is  not  exactly  adapted 
to  these  days  of  7nhiie-iii\es  and  long- 
shots. 

FALDO.  F.  and  "W.  beinjr  interchange- 
able  letters,  this  may  be  the  same  as 
Waldo. 

FALKE.     Falk,  Danish,  a  Falcon. 

FALKINER.     See  Falconer. 

FALKNER.     See  Falconer. 

FALKOUS.  A  North  of  England  sur- 
name which  has  the  variations  Fancus, 
Fawcus,  Farcus,  and  is  sometimes  con- 
founded with  Fawke,  Fawkes,  &c.  It  pro- 
bably menus  faico,  fai/con,  a  hawk, 

FALL.  1.  Sec  Times  and  Seasons.  2. 
In  the  North  of  England  the  name  is  fre- 
quently of  Gipsy  origin.  See  Faw.  3.  The 
De  Fall  of  the  H.R.  shows  a  local  origin. 

FALLOW.  The  Scottish  form  of  Fel- 
low, which  see. 

FALSTOLFE.  FASTOLFE.  A  great 
Norfolk  family,  one  of  whose  members 
Shakspeare  is  supposed  to  have  caricatured 
in  his  immortal  Sir  John  Falstaff.  The 
name  seems  to  be  Scandinavian,  and  per- 
sonal. It  appears  from  Domesd.,  that  a 
Fastolf  held  one  church  in  the  borough 
of  Stamford,  co.  Lincoln,  freely  from  the 
kiug. 

FALVESLEY.  An  eminent  family  took 
their  surname  from  Falveslej',  co.  North- 
ampton, and  one  of  the  family  was  created 
a  baron  by  this  title  7  Ilichard  II. 

FANCOURT.  Falencourt,  a  place  near 
Neufchatel  in  Normandy.  De  Fanecourt. 
H.R. 

FANCY.  Probably  local.  Vanchi,  near 
Neufchatel  i)i  Normandy,  has  been  sug- 
gested. 

FANE.     Welsh,    '  slender,' — an   ancient 

personal  name.  The  ancestors  of  tiie  earls 
of  Westmoreland,  "  wrote  their  name  Yane, 
and  descended,"  says  Collins,  "  from  Howel 
ap  Vane  of  Monmouthshire,  living  before 
the  time  of  William  the  Conqueror." 
Peerage,  Edit.  17(i8.  iii.  173.  The  Vanes 
(Duke  of  Cleveland)  are  of  the  same  lineage. 
Coll.  vi.  118. 

FANNEL.  An  nrticle  of  dress,  a  maniple 
or  scarf-like  ornament ;  funun.      Cotgrave. 

FANNER.  Perhaps  the  O.  Fr.  veneur, 
a  hunter.  Or  it  may  be  0.  Eng.  fancr, 
a  winnower,  a  word  used  by  L)'dgate.  Fan- 
nere.  H.R. 

FANNY.  Probably  local — the  nnrse- 
nanie  for  Frances  Iieing  of  too  recent  a 
date 

FANSII  and  FONSH.  Derbyshire  cor- 
ruptions of  Fanshawe. 


F  A  K  109 


F  A  R 


FANSHAWE.  The  family  were  resident 
at  Fanshawe-Gate  in  the  parish  of  Dron- 
field,  CO.  Derby,  at  the  middle  of  the  XVI. 
cent.,  and  doubtless  much  earlier.    Lysons. 

FARADAY.  This,  like  other  compounds 
of  (lay,  is  not  very  easily  explained.  Mr. 
Ferguson  derives  it  from  A-Sax.  faro,  a 
traveller,  with  dufj  as  a  suffix ;  this,  how- 
ever, assists  us  but  little. 

FARAMOND.  Pharamond,  an  ancient 
Teutonic  personal  name. 

FARAi<rD.  See  Farrant.  In  Lincoln- 
shire/a?va?i^  means  deep,  cunning. 

FARCUS.     See  Falkous. 

FARDEN.  One  Fardan  occurs  as  an 
undertenant  in  Domesday. 

FARE  BROTHER.  In  Scotland,  'father- 
brother'  is  a  phrase  employed  to  designate 
an  uncle;  but  we  may  with  more  than 
equal  probability  derive  this  name  from 
Jl7i7--brother,  the  equivalent  of  the  French 
heaii-frere,  brother-in-law. 

FAREWELL.  Cannot  be  interpreted 
as  '  good  bye' :  it  is  derived  from  a  little 
parish  in  Staffordshire,  known  by  the 
curious  designation  of  Farewell-with 
Charley ! 

FAREY.     See  Fairy. 

FARGUSON.  See  Ferguson  or  Far- 
quharson. 

FARLEY.  FARLEIGH.  Parishes  and 
places  in  cos.  Hants,'  Wilts,  Surrey,  Staf- 
ford, Somerset,  Bedford,  and  Kent. 

FARLOW.     A  chapelry  in  Staffordshire. 

FARM.     From  residence  at  one. 

FARMAN.  See  Fairman.  Farman  or 
Fai-mannus  is  however  personal  in  Domesd. 

FARiMAR.     FARMER.     See  Fermor. 

FAPailNG   appears  in   the  Reg.  Gen.'s 

list  of  odd  names.     It  is  doubtless  local: 

perhaps  a  contraction  of  Farmington,  co. 

Gloucester. 

gp^FARN— the  first  syllable  of  several 
local  surnames— is  the  A-Sax.  fcarn, 
fern,  from  the  abundant  growth  of  that 
plant.  Hence  Farnaby,  Farnfold, 
Famham,  Farnwell,  Farncombe,  Farns- 
worth,  Farndell,  Farnden,  Fernwold, 
Fernland. 

FARN.     An  island  on  the  Xorthumber- 

land  coast. 

FARNALL.     1 .  A  parish  in  Forfarshire. 

2.  Farnhill,  a  township  in  Yorkshire. 

FARNCO]MBE.  An  estate  at  AVest 
Blatchington,  near  Brighton,  co.  Sussex, 
^vhe^e  the  family  were  resident  in  the 
XIII.  century,  and  the  neighbourhood  of 
which  is  stili  their  principal  hahitat. 

FARNES.     A-Sax.  femes;  a  desert  or 

wilderness. 
FARNFOLD.     An  ancient  heal  name  in 

Sussex ;  place  unknown. 


FARNSWORTH.  Farnworth,  two 
chapelries  in  Lancashii-e. 

FARNHAM.       Parishes,    Src.,    In    cos. 

Surrey,  Dorset,  Essex,  Northumberland, 
Suffolk,  Yorkshire,  Bucks,  &c.  The  sur- 
name occurs  in  co.  Leicester,  before  the 
reign  of  Edw.  I.     B.L.G. 

FARQUHAR.  A  common  Scottish  sur- 
name— the  same  as  the  Irish  Ferchard,  an 
ancient  personal  name  in  both  countries. 
The  London  Farquhars  spring  from  Aber- 
deenshire. 

FARQUHARSON".  The  son  of  Far- 
quhar.  Shaw  Fercharson  was  chief  of 
the  J\Iacphersons  in  l-loO.  He  was  the 
great-grandson  of  Ferchar,  from  whom  he' 
derived  his  surname.  See  Skene's  High- 
landers, ii.  177. 

FARR.  FARRE.  A  parish  in  Suther- 
landshire ;  a  place  in  Inverness-shire. 

FARRANCE.     See  Farrant. 

FARRAXD.  Mr.  Ferguson  derives  it 
from  the  O-Norse  farandi,  signifying  a 
traveller ;  but  see  Farrant,  with  which  it 
is  no  doubt  identical. 

FARRANT.  The  English  form  of  Fer- 
diuandus,  Spanish  Fernandez,  Italian  Fcr- 
ando,  0.  French  Ferant.  Camden  saj^a 
that  these  forms  are  corruptions  of  Bertran 
or  Bertram,  which  I  doubt. 

FARRAR.  FARRER.  Probably  a 
corruption  of  Fair-hair,  answering  to  Le 
Blond,  Harfager,  &c.  In  the  H.R.  we 
have  Fayrher.  In  a  document  of  the  year 
1555,  a  Norfolk  incumbent  is  called  John 
Fayrhawr,  alias  Farrar.  Blomefield's  Nor- 
folk, vii.  286.  2.  Perhaps  another  form 
of  Ferrers. 

FARRELL.  The  Farrells,  now  of 
Dalyston.  spring  from  the  O'Ferrals  of 
Mornyng  and  Bawn,  co.  Langford,  who 
were  of  the  clan  Boy.  B.L.G. 

FARRER.     See  Ferrers. 

FARRIER.  See  under  Shoesmith  and 
Marshall. 

FARRINGDON.  Alsi  de  Farendone 
was  a  tenant  in  capite  in  the  county  of 
Bucks  at  the  making  of  Domesday.  He 
prol.iably  derived  his  surname  from  Far- 
ringdon  in  Berkshire, 

EARRING  TON.  The  Baronet's  family 
came  from  Lancashire,  in  which  co.  there 
is  a  to\\Tiship  so  called. 

FARRIS.     See  Ferris  or  Ferrers. 

FARSYDE.  The  Farsydes,  olim  Faw- 
side,  derive  then-  name  from  the  castle, 
lands,  and  villages  of  Easter  and  Wester 
Fawsyde,  near  Tranent  in  East  Lothian, 
where  they  were  seated  as  earlj'  as  1253. 
B.L.G. 

FARTHING.  See  Monet,  denomina- 
tions of. 

FARWIG.  A  place  at  Bromley,  co. 
Kent. 


FAW 


110 


FEL 


FATHER.  In  old  records  Fader.  Pro- 
bably to  distinguish  a  person  from  his  son 
bearing  the  same  Christian  name ;  just  as 
in  France  they  still  say  Pourpoint  pere 
(senior)  in  contradistinction  to  Pourpoint 
Jils  (junior). 

FATT.  Stout,  large  as  to  person.  So 
tlie  Fr.  Le  Gros,  and  the  Germ.  Feist,  both 
naturalized  as  surnames  in  England. 

FAUCUS.     FAWCUS.    See  Falkous. 

FAULCONER.     See  Falconer. 

FAULD.     A  Scotticism  for  Fold. 

FAULKNER.     See  Falconer. 

FAULTLESS.  Two  London  traders 
bear  this  unobjectionable  name. 

FAUNCE.  Perhaps  from  A-Norm. 
faun,  a  flood-gate  or  water-gate. 

FAUNTLEROY.  FANTLEROY.  As 
several  anrugerous  families — apparently 
unconnected  with  each  otlier — have  borne 
this  name,  it  is  presumed  to  be  of  consider- 
able antiquity  in  England.  It  is  perhaps  a 
corruption  of  an  ancient  Fr.  war-cry — DE- 
FENDEZ  LE  ROI — '  Defend  the  King  !'  In 
course  of  time,  the  meaning  of  the  name 
being  forgotten,  the  De  would  be  dropped, 
and  the  remaining  syllables  would  easity 
glide  into  Fauntleroy.  For  examples  of 
other  surnames  derived  from  war-cries,  see 
Hay  and  Halliday. 

FAUSSETT.     See  Fawcett. 

FAUX.    See  Vanx. 

FA'VT^LL.  Fauvillc-la-Campagne  is 
near  Evreux,  and  Fauville-en-Caux,  near 
Yvetot.  The  name  is  found  as  a  suffix  in 
Weston-Favell,  co.  Northampton. 

FAW  or  FAA.  A  celebrated  Gipsy- 
family  or  clan  in  Scotland.  King  James 
V.  issued  an  edict  on  behalf  of  Johnnie  P'aw, 
"lord  and  erle  of  Little  Egypt."  Faw  or /a-' 
is  a  Scottish  verb  for  '  to  obtain,'  which,  con- 
sidering the  acquisitive  habits  of  this  wan- 
dering race,  is  appropriate  enough, 

FAWCETT.  Probably  from  Forcett,  a 
township  in  the  wapentake  of  Giilingwest, 
N.  E.  of  Yorkshire.  Forsyth  and  Faussett 
seem  to  be  mere  varieties  of  the  same 
name. 

FAWCON.     See  Falcon. 

FAWCONBERGE.  FAWCOX- 

BRIDGE.  The  great  barons  by  writ,  De 
Fauconberg,  were  summoned  to  Parliament 
from  1295  till  about  137G.  The  heiress 
married  William,  younger  son  of  Ealph,  1st 
Earl  of  Westmoreland,  who  thereupon  wrote 
himself  W.  Neville  de  Fauconbcrge.  The 
name  seems  to  be  derived  from  an  estate  in 
Yorkshire,  perliaps  the  same  as  that  called 
in  H.R.  Fulkebrigge. 

FAWKENER.     See  Falconer. 

FAWKES.    FAWKE.     1 .  The  same  as 
Vaux.  2.  A  modification  of  Fulke  or  Fulco. 

FAWN.    The  young  of  a  deer. 


FAWSIDE.  FAWCID.  Older  and 
more    correct    forms  of   Farsyde,    which 

see. 

FAZAKERLY.  A  township  in  the 
parisli  of  Walton,  co.  Lancaster, 

FEAR.     Gaelic,  a  man,  a  hero  —the  Latin 

vir. 

FEARN.  A  parish  in  Ross-shire,  and 
another  in  Forfarshire. 

FEARNHEAD.  A  township  in  Lanca- 
shire. 

FEARXLEY.  Two  chapelries  in  York- 
shire are  called  Farnley. 

FEARON.  Feron,  anciently  Le  Feron, 
Le  Feyron,  (H.R.)  A  name  still  well  known 
in  Noi-mandy:  derived  by  M.  de  Geiwille 
from  the  same  source  as  Ferrier — viz.,  from 
fcr,fcrri(m — a  worker  in  iron.  Mem.  Soc. 
Ant.  Norm.,  IS-t-l.  There  are  horse-shoes 
in  the  arms  of  one  family  of  this  name. 

FEARS.  Probably  the  same  as  Ferris. 
E.  Surn.  ii.  95.  Fear  is,  however,  Gaelic 
for  a  man  or  hero. 

FEAST.     See  Feist. 

FEATHER.  Probably  a  sobriquet  ap- 
plied to  a  person  who  wore  a  remarkable 
one  in  his  cap. 

FEE.  A  feudal  possession.  Sometimes 
certain  lands  obtained  this  name,  e.  g. 
Bassetfs  Fee,  Neville's  Fee. 

FEETUM.  A  corruption  of  Feetham,  a 
local  name. 

FEIST.     German ;  fat.     Feste.  H.R. 

FELBRIGGE.  A  parish  in  Norfolk, 
where  tlie  familv  resided  temp.  Edward  I. 
De  Felbrigg,  H.R. 

FEED.     An  old  form  of  Field. 

FELIX.  Happy :  a  latinization,  or  the 
personal  name. 

|^°FELL.  A  component  sjdlable  in  many 
local  surnames,  (see  Fell  below),  such  a? 
Felbridge,  Fellgate,  Feltham,  Felton, 
Greufell,  &c. 

FELL.  FELLS.  ''Bij  frith  and  hy  fell;' 
a  common  medievalism ;  equivalent  to  the 
classical  "jjer  mlvam,  jier  campum."  "Also 
there  is  difference  between  the  fryth  and 
thefel;  the  fels  are  understood  tlie  moun- 
tains, vallyes,  and  pastures,  with  corn  and 
such  like ;  [open  ground]  the  frytlies  be- 
token the  springs  and  coppyses"  [wood- 
lands.]— Noble  x\.rt  of  Ycuerie,  quoted  by 
H[aniw. 

FELLMONGER.  A-Sax.  fell,  a  skin, 
A  dresser  of  sheepskins — a  word  still  in  use 
in  the  South,  though  not  recognized  by 
Richardson. 

FELLOWES.  FELLOWS.  Besides  its 
more  proper  meaning  of  '  companion,'  the 
word  Fellow  is  used  in  some  dialects  to  sig- 
nify a  young  unmarried  man,  or  a  servant 
engaged  in  liusliandry. — Ilalliw.  Chaucer 
uses  the  phrase  "  a  proper  felawe  "  to  de- 


FEN 


111 


FEll 


note  a  well-formed  young  man.  The  H.R. 
spellings  of  (he  name  are  Le  Felawe,  Le 
Felawes,  and  Fellawe. 

FELSTED.     A  parish  in  Essex. 

FELTHAM.     A  parish  in  Middlesex. 

FELTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Hereford.  Northumberland,  Somerset,  and 
Shropshire. 

[^"FEMALE  CHRISTIAN-NAMES 
n'liwh  have  hccome  Surnames. — Several 
family  names  have  the  appearance  of 
being  derived  from  the  baptismal  names 
of  females,  and  this  has  been  thought 
to  imply  illegitimacy,  though  it  is  not 
necessarily  the  case.  King  Henry  II., 
though  legitimate,  was  surnamed  after 
his  mother,  Fitz-Empress,  Recent  re- 
search has  convinced  me  that  Alison, 
Anson,  and  some  others  are  traceable  to 
male  names,  though  at  first  sight  they 
appear  to  be  derived  from  female  ones. 
The  following,  however,  seem  clearly  to 
be  metronymics :  Ann,  Anns,  Agg,  and 
Aggas,  from  Agatha ;  Bridgett,  Bctts, 
Betty,  Bettyes,  from  Elizabeth ;  Cath- 
arine, Susan,  and  Susans,  Babb,  from 
Barbara;  IMarjory,  IMargerison,  Margetts, 
Margetson,  Margison,  Maggs,  Magsou, 
and  perhaps  Pegg,  from  Margaret ;  Moll, 
Molson,  and  perhaps  Malkin,  from  Mary; 
with  others.  Beattie  is  the  Scottish  for 
BeatrLs,  whence  that  name,  as  also  Beat- 
sou.  In  the  H.R.  are  found  the  forms 
Fir  Alice,  Fil'  Elene,  Fil'  Emme,  and 
in  one  case  the  uietronymic  had  be- 
come a  regular  surname,  the  "filius"  hav- 
ing been  dropped — Robertus  Elyanore. 
On  this  subject  Camden  observes : 
"Some  also  have  had  names  from  their 
mothers,  as  Fitz-Parnell,  Fitz-Isabel, 
Fitz-Mary,Fitz-Emme,Maudleus,  (Mag- 
dalen,) Susans,  Mawds,  Grace,  Emson, 
&c. ;  as  Vespasian,  the  cmperour,  from 
Vespasia  Polla,  his  mother,  and  Popcea 
Sabina,  the  empress,  from  her  grand- 
mother." 

[^^  FEN,  a  syllable  of  frequent  occurrence 
in  local  surnames  (seeFenn)  as  Fenwick, 
Fenton,  Feusham,  Swynfen,  Fenrother, 
Fenning. 

FENCOTT.  Fencot,  a  hamlet  in  Oxford- 
shire. 

FENDER.  The  O.  E.  fend  signifies  to 
defend,  (see  Halliwell  in  roc.)  ;  a  '  Fender' 
may  therefore  mean  a  defender,  and  this 
indeed  is  almost  proved  by  the  Le  Fendur 
of  the  H.  R. — An  appellation  given  in  com- 
memoration of  some  remarkable  exploit. 

FENN.  A-Sax.  feim,  a  marsh  or  bog. 
From  residence  near  one.  In  old  docu- 
ments the  forms  are  Atte  Fenne,  Del  Fen, 
De  Fen,  De  Fenne,  &c.,  sometimes  modified 
to  Fenner, 

FENNELL.     See  Veunell. 

FENNER.  Fenn  Place  in  the  parish  of 
Worth,  CO.  Sussex,  had  owners  for  several 
generations,  called  from  it  Atte  Fenne,  but 
in  the  time  of  Henry  YI.  the  name  was 


changed  to  Fenner,  while  a  Kentish  branch 
wrote  themselves  Fenour.  Camden  con- 
siders the  name  a  corruption  of  Veiieur,  Fr., 
a  huntsman. 

FENNING.  May  be  local,  but  I  do  not 
find  the  place.  I  think  it  may  possiblj'  be 
a  Scandinavian  personal  name,  and  the 
genitive  form,  Fennings,  rather  confirms 
this  view. 

FENROTHER.  A  township  in  Nor- 
thumberland. 

FENTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
York,  Lincoln,  and  Stafford.  The  neigh- 
bourhood of  Leeds  was  the  principal  habitat 
of  the  name  in  the  XIV.  cent. 

FENWICK.  "The  Fenwykes  of  Nor- 
thumberland, ["iusignis  et  illustris  Fen- 
wickorum  progenies."]  are  of  Saxon  origin, 
and  take  their  cognomen  from  their  ancient 
fastness  in  the  fenn)'  lauds  in  the  vicinity 
of  Stamfordham."  Slogans  of  the  North, 
p.  11 .  In  '  border '  times  they  formed  a 
powerful  clan,  and  were  the  constant  allies 
of  the  Percies. 

"  We  saw  come  marching  ower  the  knowes. 
Five  liundred  FeiTs\1cl;s  in  a  flock — 
With  jack  and  speii",  and  bowes  all  bent, 
And  -warlike  weapons  at  their  will." 

The  Raid  of  the  UeicUzoire. 

The  family  were  characterized  as  "  The 
Fierce  Fenwicks,"  and  "The  Fearless 
Fexwicks,"  and  their  slogan  or  war-cry 
was — 

a  JFcntoylu  !  ■&  jFcntuuIvC ! !  m  JFcntoylxC ! ! ! 

FERDINAND.     The  personal  name. 

FEREDAY.     See  Faraday. 

FERGUS.  FEARGUS.  A  Scottish  saint 
(whence  St.  Fergus  in  Aberdeenshire) — 
Gaelic  etymologists  deduce  the  name  from 
fear,  a  man,  and  cas,  hardiness — energy — a 
man  of  hardj'',  energetic  character. 

FERGUSSON.   FERGUSON.    The  son 

of  Fergus,  which  see.     This  ancient  familj^, 

characterized  as — 

"  A  line  that  has  struggled  for  freedom  with  Bruce," 

trace  themselves  uninterruptedly  from  Jon- 
kiue  Fergussou,  lord  of  Craigdarrock  in 
1298.    B.L.G. 

FERMOR.  Low  Jji^t.firmarius.  Yv.fer- 
miei%  a  farmer.  This  word  is  in  modern 
times  used  as  the  equivalent  of  agriculturist, 
whether  a  tenant  or  not.  Originally  it 
meant,  one  who  held  of  another  anything 
for  a  profitable  use,  and  paid  him  a  red- 
ditus  or  rent.  Thus  taxes,  customs,  &c. 
were  farmed  as  well  as  lauds.  Le  Farmer, 
and  de  la  Ferraer,  are  found  in  H.R.  The 
family  of  Fermor  (Baronet,  1725),  came  into 
England  from  France  temp.  Edward  III., 
and  settled  in  Sussex. 

FERNE.  Perhaps  from  the  Fame  is- 
lands on  the  Durham  coast,  anciently 
written  Feme. 

FERNIE.  FERNEE.  An  estate  in  the 
parish  of  Monimail,  co.  Fife. 

FERRABY.  FERRIBY.  Parishes  in  cos. 

York  and  Lincoln. 


FET 


112 


FIE 


FERRAND.  FERRANT.  "  Imported 
at  a  very  early  period  into  the  deanery  of 
Craven,  in  Yorkshire,  from  Normandy, 
where  it  is  still  to  be  met  with.  From 
William  de  Fortibiis,  earl  of  Albemarle, 
Hugh  Ferrand,  in  the  XIII.  cent,  had  a 
deed  of  grant  to  himself  and  his  heirs  of 
the  office  of  Warder  of  Skipton  castle." 
B.L.G. 

FERRER.     See  Ferrers. 

FERRERS.  FARRARS.  The  Itin.  de 
la  Norm,  gives  nine  places  called  Ferriere, 
and  four  called  Ferrieres,  in  Normandy.  M. 
de  Gerville  considers  the  name  to  have  some 
relation  to  the  ancient  iron-trade  of  that 
province,  wliich  is  probable.  Mem.  Soc. 
Ant.  Norm.,  1 84-1 ;  but  that  this  veiy  ancient 
and  noble  family  were  farriers  is  an  absurd 
notion,  originating  probably  in  some 
heraldric  and  feudal  allusions.  Many  of 
the  numerous  coat-armours  assigned  to  the 
name  contain  horse-shoes,  and  at  Oakham, 
the  chief  town  of  Rutlandshire,  an  ancient 
barony  of  the  family,  a  custom  prevails  to 
this  daj^  of  demanding  a  horse-shoe  of  every 
peer  of  the  realm  who  passes  through  the 
town,  or  a  composition  in  mouej'.  See 
Wright's  Rutland.  Lewis'  Topog.  Diet.,  &e. 
Henry  de  Ferieres,  ancestor  of  the  old  Earls 
of  Derby,  was  a  tenant  in  capite  under  the 
Conqueror,  and  held  enormous  estates  in 
many  counties,  his  caput  baronia3  being 
Tutbury,  in  Staffordshire.  Collins.  Kelham. 
A  tradition  makes  the  original  Ferrers 
Master  of  the  Horse  to  the  Conqueror.  The 
following  account  is  given  in  B.L.G.,  tliough 
no  authority  is  cited.  The  family  derive 
from  Walchelin,  a  Norman,  whose  son 
Henry  assumed  the  name  of  Ferriers,  a 
small  town  of  Gastinors  in  France,  other- 
wise called  Ferrieres,  from  the  iiwi-mines 
with  which  that  country  abounded. 

FERREY.     Sec  Ferry. 

FERRIER.    A  more  coiTect  ortliograpby 

of  Farrier,  which  see. 

FERRIS.     FERRIES.     See  Ferrers. 

FERRY.  1.  From  residence  near  one. 
2.  Possibly  however  from  fer  ey,  the  remote 
or  distant  island.  3.  Camden  says,  "For 
Frederick  th'  English  have  commonly  used 
Frery  and  Fery,  which  Iiath  been  now  a 
long  time  a  Cliristiau  Jiame  in  the  ancient 
family  of  Tilney,  and  lucky  to  their  house 
as  they  report." — Remaines,  edit.  1674,  p. 
92. 

FERRYJMAN.  The  occupation— a  very 
important  one  in  old  times  M'heu  bridges 
Avere  few. 

FESANT.    O.  Eng.,  fesaunt,  a  pheasant. 

FETIIERSTONIIAUGH.  An  estate  in 
Northumberland.  Tlie  founder  of  this  an- 
cient family  is  said  to  have  been  a  Saxon 
commandernamed  Frithcstau,  who,  settling 
in  that 'county  at  an  early  period,  gave 
to  the  place  of  his  abode  tlie  name  of 
Frithestan's  Haugla,  whicli,  when  local  sur- 
names liegau  to  be  used  after  the  Conquest, 
was   adopted  by  liis   descendants.     Some 


genealogists  distinguish  between  the 
Fetherston-hauglis  of  Nortliumberland  and 
tlie  Fetherston-halges  of  D  u-ham,  but  there 
seems  to  be  no  ground  for  such  distinction. 
See  Kimber.  Other  authorities  deduce  the 
family  from  a  William  de  .Alonte,  temp. 
King  Stephen,  tlirough  the  Stanhopes. 
Courthope's  Debrett. 

FETTIPLACE.  A  tradition  makes  the 
founder  of  this  family  a  "gentleman-usher" 
of  William  the  Conqueror  ! — but  the  pedi- 
gree ascends  only  to  John  Feteplace,  temj). 
Henry  VI.,  grandfather  of  AVilliam  F.,  a 
benefactor  to  Queen's  College,  Oxon.  ob. 
1516.  Feteplace,  Feteplece,  &c.,  are  found, 
however,  in  H.R. 

FEVER.  FEVERS.  O.  Fr.  Le  fevre, 
the  smith. 

FEW.  Under  the  feudal  system  a  feu 
Avas  a  dependency,  or  something  held  by 
tenure.  The  holder  was  sometimes  called 
afeiiar. 

FEAVSTER.  1.  Halliwell  has/;isfcrer, 
a  maker  of  pack-saddles.  2.  Feustcr,  a  fe- 
male feoffee.     See  Few. 

t^"  FF.  The  double-f  is  used  in  some  sur- 
names, quite  needlessly,  in  aflectation  of 
antiquity ;  e.  g.,  Ffrench,  Ffaringtou, 
Ffoulkes,  Ffooks,  Ffolliott.  Now  as 
double-f  never  did  and  never  will  begin 
an  English  word,  this  is  ridicidous,  and 
originates  in  a  foolish  mistake  respecting 
the  W  of  old  manuscripts,  which  is  no 
duplication,  but  simply  a  capital  f. 

FFARINGTON.  Faringtou,  an  estate 
in  the  parish  of  Peuwortham,  co.  Lancastei*. 
Farington  or  Ffaringtou  Hall  (see  S®"FF) 
was  the  residence  of  the  family  from  teniii. 
Henry  III.  till  the  year  1549.  "  B.L.G. 

FFOULKES.  The  pedigree  is  deduced 
from  Marchudd  ap  Cynan,  lord  of  Brynf- 
feuigi,  who  tlourished  in  the  ninth  centur3^ 
The  name  appears  to  have  been  borrowed 
from  Ffoulk  ap  Thomas,  who  lived  early 
in  the  sixteenth  century,  and  whose 
descendants  have  ever  since  borne  it. 

FFREXCH.  The  ancestors  of  Lord 
Ffrench  are  said  to  have  been  seated  at 
Castle  Ffrench,  co.  Galway,  for  many  cen- 
turies. Courthope's  Debrett.  The  name 
was  anciently  written  De  Frigues,  De 
ffreygne,  Frynshe,  &c.     B.L.G. 

FIDDLER.     A  violinist. 

FIDLER.     A   mis-spelling    of     fiddler. 
The  name  is  common  about  Ewell,  co.  Sur- 
rey. 
t®°  FIELD.     A  component  syllable  in  a 
great  number  of  family  names.     It  has 
been  said : — 

"  111  FiehJ,  in  Ham,  in  Ley,  in  Ton, 
Tlie  most  of  English  surnames  run." 

The  A- Sax /fZrHs  applied  to  open  locali- 
ties, and  is  nearly  equivalent  to  cauqms. 
Sometimes,  however,  it  signifies  "places 
detached  Imt  not  entirely  oj^en,  loca  syl- 
raiica,  or  swine-walks,  which  might  at 
least  be  partially  overgrown  with  brush- 
wood."    ^Viiliams"s  Trans,  of  Dr.  Leo's 


FIL 


113 


FIN 


Local  Nomencl.,  p.  101.  This  tcrmiua- 
tion  is  found  in  many  countie?,  but  par- 
ticularly iu  the  three  south-eastern  ones 
of  Sussex,  Kent,  and  Surrey,  and  there 
it  almost  invariably  pertains  to  spots 
cleared  out  of  the  great  primeval  forest 
of  Andred,  just  as  the  '  woods  '  and  the 
'hursts'  even  to  this  day  give  proof  of 
the  original  densely-wooded  character 
of  the  country.  The  number  of  sur- 
names with  this  termination  mustamount 
to  hundreds ;  I  shall  cite  but  a  sample : 
Aberfield,  Bedingfield,  Bousfield,  Bay- 
field, Cranfield,  Duffield,  Eglesfield, 
Fairtield,  Greenfield,  Heathfield,  Hart- 
field.  Ifield,  Liudfield,  I\rayfield,  Mans- 
field; Stausfield,  Sheffield,  taufield,  To- 
field,  Wingfield,  Westfield. 

FIELDER.  A  person  who  had  the  care 
of  a  common  field. 

FIELDING.  In  a  docmneut  dated  9 
Edw.  IL,  mentioned  by  Collins,  Geoffrey 
de  Fielding  calls  himself  "  Filius  Galfridi 
filii  Galfridi,  comitisde  Hapsburget  domini 
iu  Laufenburget  RiuFiLDiNG  iuGermania.'' 
It  appears  from  the  same  authority  that 
Geoffrey,  earl  of  Hapsburg,  by  the  oppres- 
sion of  Rodolph,  emperor  of  Germany,  being 
reduced  to  extreme  poverty,  Geoffrey,  one 
of  his  sons,  "  served  Henry  III.  in  his  wars 
in  England,  and  because  his  father.  Earl 
Geoffrey,  had  pretensions  to  the  dominions 
of  Laufenburg  and  'RinfikUntj,  he  took  the 
name  of  Filding." 

FIENNES.  FIENES.  This  noble 
family  derive  from  Conou  de  Ficnnes,  who 
in  1112  was  earl  of  Boulogne,  taking  his 
name  from  a  village  in  the  Boulonnais  ter- 
ritory. John  de  Fiennes,  a  collateral  an- 
cestor, had  accomjianied  William  the  Con- 
queror to  England  in  lOGG,  and  he  and  his 
descendants  for  five  generations  were  con- 
stables of  Dover  castle  and  lord-wardens  of 
the  Cinque  Ports.  The  name  has  been 
varied  to  Fenes,  Feuys,  Fynes,  and  Fines. 

FIFE.     The  Scottish  county. 

FIFEIIEAD,  The  easternmost  point  of 
Fifeshire,  generally  called  Fifeness. 

FIGGr.  A  Feg  occurs  in  Yorkshire  ante 
1086.  Domesd.,  and  a  Figge  in  Kent  .31. 
Edwd.  III.  In  the  latter  co.  at  a  later 
period  the  Figgs,  Faggs,  and  Foggs  flou- 
rished contemporaneously,  and  may  have 
had  a  common  origin.  Other  kindred  forms 
are  Fig,  Figes,  Figgs,  &c. 

FILBERT.  Philibert,  a  French  personal 
name.  St.  Philibert  was  abbot  of  Jumicges 
in  theVII.  cent.,  and  several  villages  in  Nor- 
mandy and  Picardy  boar  his  name.  From 
some  one  of  these  the  filbert-nuts — nuccs 
de  SiDU'to  PhUibcHo — are  presumed  to  have 
been  imi^orted  into  England.  This  nut  lias 
been  a  particularly  hard  one  for  the  teeth 
of  etymologists.  See  Richardson.  See  also 
Mr.  Blaauw,  in  Sussex  Arch.  Coll.  vi.  46. 

FILBY.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

FILDER.     See  Fielder, 

FILER.     Sec  Fjler. 
Q 


FILIOL.  In  mod.  Fr.JiUeid,  a  godson. 
'Filiolus  regis'  occurs  in  the  laws  of  Ina  and 
of  Henry  I.,  and  the  Confessor  makes  grants 
'  flliolo  suo  ' — to  his  godson  or  adopted  son. 
Ellis,  Introd.  Domesd. 

FILKIN.     A  diminutive  of  Philip. 

FILLAN.  A  Scotch  personal  name  ;  also 
a  rivulet  in  Perthshire. 

FILLINGHAIiL  A  parish  in  Lincoln- 
shire. 

FILLINIER.     See  Filmer. 

FILLPOTTS.     See  Filpot. 

FILiNlER.  "This  family  formerly  wrote 
their  name  Finmere,  Fylmere,  Filmour,  and 
Filmor,  temp.  Edw.  III.,  but  of  late,  Filmer, 
and  were  seated  at  Otterinden  in  Kent,  at  a 
place  called  Finmore."  Kimber's  Baronet- 
age. 

FILMORE.  An  old  German  personal 
name  (Filimer)  signifying  "  full -famous." 
Ferguson. 

FILPOT.  A  corruption  of  Philipot,  from 
Philip. 

FILTNESS.  Local;  place  unknown. 
The  name  is  common  and  ancient  in  East 
Sussex. 

FINAL.     See  Vinall. 

FINCH.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of  Vin- 
cent. Vincent  Herbert  of  Winchelsea,  20 
Edw.  I.  bore  the  alias  of  Finch.  The  early 
pedigree  of  the  Earl  of  Winchelsea's  family 
is  very  obscure.  Their  former  surname  was 
Herbert,  and  one  of  the  earliest  if  not  the 
first  who  was  kno^vn  as  Finch  was  this  very 
Vincent.  In  support  of  this  notion  I  may 
add,  from  Collins,  that  the  family  had  pre- 
viously borne  their  father's  name,  as  Her- 
bertus  filius  Herberti,  &c.  In  the  H.E.  the 
spelling  is  Fynch  ;  in  13  Edw.  III.,  Vyuche. 
In  Sussex  the  baptismal  name  Vincent  is 
often  corrupted  to  Winch  or  Vinch. 

FINCHA]M.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

FINCK.  Germ,  the  bird,  or  rather  class 
of  birds,  known  by  the  general  name  of 
Ji/ich. 

FINDEN.     The  same  as  Findon. 

FINDLATER.     A  district  in  the  parish 

of  Fordyce  in  Banffshire. 
FINDLAY.     FINDLEY.     See  Finlay. 
FINDON.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

FINER.  A>efiner  of  metals.  "Fyners," 
with  this  meaning,  are  mentioned  in  the  old 
poem  called  Cocke  Lorelle's  Bote. 

FINES.     See  Fynes. 

FINEUX.  "The  Frenchman  which 
craftily  and  cleanly  conveyed  himself,  and 
bis  prisoner  T.  Cryoll,  a  great  Lord  m  Kent, 
about  the  time  of  king  Edw.  IL,  out  of 
France,  and  had  therefore  Swinfield  given 
him  by  Crioll,  as  I  have  read,  for  his  fine 
conveyance  was  then  called  Fiueux,  and 
left  that  name  to  his  posterity."  Camd.  Ee- 
raaines,  edit.  1674,  p.  170. 


FIS 


114 


FIT 


FINEWEA.THER.     See  Merryweather. 

FINGAL.  Finegal  appears  as  a  tenant 
in  Yorkshire  before  Domcsd.  He  was  pro- 
bably of  Gaelic  descent. 

FINGrilN".  An  ancient  Irish  surname, 
now  anglicized  to  Florence,  means  '  fair 
offspring.'  O'Donovau  in  Irish  Penny  Journ. 
p.  327. 

FINGLASS.  Probably  Finlass,  a  river 
of  Dumbartonshire. 

FINK.  A  provincialism  for  Finch.  See 
Finck. 

FINLAY.  An  ancient  Scottish  personal 
name,  said  to  be  the  same  as  Kinlay. 

FINLAYSON.  The  son  of  Finlay,  and 
equivalent  to  Macldnla}'. 

FINN.  A  native  of  Finland.  A-Sax. 
plur.  Finnas.  Fin.  H.R. 

FINNINGLEY.  A  parish  in  the  cos.  of 
York  and  Nottingham. 

FINNIS.  A  native  of  Finland ;  a  Fin. 
Ulf  Fenisc  occurs  as  a  previous  tenant  in 
Domesd.  in  cos.  Derby,  Nottingham,  Lin- 
coln, and  Huntingdon,  and  Fin  Danus  (a 
Dane)  in  co.  Bucks. 

FIRBY.     A  township  in  Yorkshire. 

FIREBRACE.  The  e.^itinct  baronet 
family,  whose  pedigree  ascends  only  to  the 
XVII.  cent.,  seem  to  have  had  a  tradition 
of  a  Norman  origin  (Burke's  Ext.  Barts.), 
and  the  name  is  said  to  signify  far-hras, 
"  bold  or  stout  arm,"  like  our  indigenous 
Amistroug  and  Strong  i'  th'  arm.  The  H.R. 
form,  Mi'bras,  is  suggestive  of  "  Iron-arm." 

FIREMAN.     The  occupation. 

FIRKIN.  Perhaps  the  diminutive  of 
some  Christian  name — perhaps  an  ancient 
trader's  sign;  but  certainly  not  what  Mr. 
Ferguson  Avould  have  ns  think,  viz  :  fir-cyn, 
'  race  of  man,'  an  impossible  appellation. 

FIRMAN.  Either  fireman,  ov  ferd-mon, 
A-Sax.,  a  soldier. 

FIRMINGER.  FURMINGER.  Pro- 
bably 0.  Yvcnoh,  fromageur,  a  cheese-maker. 
In  0.  Scotch  the  word  furmagc  is  used  for 
cheese. 

FIRTH.  A  parish  in  Orkney;  also  a 
Scottish  topographical  word,  signifying,  1. 
An  restuary  or  bay  ;  2.  A  sheltered  place  or 
enclosure.  The  etymon  in  both  cases  seems 
to  bo  the  A-Sax.  frithian,  to  protect  or 
shelter. 

FISH.     See  Fishes,  below. 

FISIIBOURNE.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

FISHPOND.  From  residence  near  one. 
Ad  Fispond,  H.R. 

FISHER.  This  seems  to  be  a  suf- 
ficiently obvious  derivation  from  the  calling 
of  a  fisherman,  especially  since  '  fisher ' 
occurs  in  our  version  of  the  New  Testament 
in  this  sense;  and  Leland  in  his  Itinerary 
usually  descriljes  the  smaller  sea-coast 
places  as  "  fischar  tounes."    In  Domesd. 


and  other  early  records,  we  meet  with  the 
forms  Piscator,  Le  Pecheur,  &c.  There  is, 
however,  curious  evidence  that  some  fami- 
lies bearing  this  name  are  descendants  of 
Fitz-Urse,  one  of  the  assassins  of  Thomas  a 
Becket.  Fitz-Urse  is  said  to  have  gone  over 
to  Ireland,  and  there  to  have  become  ances- 
tor of  the  Mac  Mahon  family — Mac  Mahon 
being  the  Celtic  equivalent  of  'Bear's  son ;' 
but  other  branches  of  the  family  remained 
in  England,  and  gradually  comipted  the 
family  name  thus;  Fitzour,  Fishour,  Fisher. 
The  great  Kentish  family  of  Berham,  or 
Barham,  is  also  deduced  by  Philipot,  Harris, 
and  other  Kentish  historians  from  the  same 
source — apparently  upon  the  strength  of 
the  first  syllable  of  that  name  resembling 
the  word  hear,  (Ourse — Ursus).  See  Quar- 
terly Review,  Sei^tember,  1858,  p.  379. 

f^"  FISHES.    Names  of,  n-hick  have  be- 
come Surnames. 

The  following  catalogue  of  these  has 
been  arranged  by  Mr.  Clark : 
"Barnncle  and  Brill, 


Crabbe,  Cockle,  Salmon,  Trout,  and  Eel ; 
Bream,  Dolphin,  Kadclock,  Carp,  and  Loach, 
Chuhb,  Winkles,  Codd,  Smelt,  Pike,  and  Koach ; 
Base,  Burt,  Whale,  Herring,  Shark  and  Dace, 
Tench,  Gudgeon,  Flounders,  Roe,  and  Plaice ; 
Eay,  Mackrell,  A\niiting,  Grayling,  Skate, 
Perch,  Mullett,  Gurnard,  Mussell,  Spratt; 
With  Sturgeon,  Lamprey,  Pickerel,  Sole, 
And  these  perhaps  include  the  whole, 
Unless,  indeed,  we  add  thereto 
The  names  of  Fish  and  Fisher  too." 

Of  these  names,  perhaps  the  majority 
are  derived  from  sources  miconnected 
with  the  inhabitants  of  the  waters  ;  for 
example,  Barnacle,  Brill,  Bream,  Roach, 
Perch,  Mussell,  and  AViukles  are  local ; 
Roe  and  Ray  (Rae)  belong  to  quadrupeds 
rather  than  fishes  ;  and  Burt,  Mackrell, 
Salmon,  Whiting,  with  several  others, 
are  shewn  in  their  proj^er  places  to  have 
no  place  in  this  categorj'. 

It  is  difficult  to  account  for  the  adop- 
tion of  the  designations  of  fishes  as 
proper  names  for  persons  and  families. 
A  few,  such  as  Dolphin,  Pike,  and 
Crabbe,  may  have  been  borrowed  from 
Herakb-y;  and  others,  such  as  Whale, 
Shark,  and  Herring,  were  perhaps  sobri- 
quets which  having  been  applied  to  an 
individual  afterwards  adhered  to  his 
descendants. 

FISK.     A-Sax./w,  a  fish. 

FIST.     The  same  as  Feist. 

FITCH.  A  polecat — perhaps  the  sign 
adoj^ted  by  some  medieval  furrier.  It  may 
however  be  a  corruption  of  Fitz.     H.R. 

Fitche. 

FITCHETT.  A  polecat:  formerly  a 
term  of  contempt.  It  may  have  a  much 
more  respectable  origin,  from  J/ow/fichett, 
"which  see.  Fichet,  without  23refix,  is  found 
in  H.R. 

FITCHE^V.  1.  A  corruption  of  Fitz- 
Hugh.  2.  A  kind  of  polecat — a  word  of 
contempt. 

FIT  KIN.     See  Fitt. 

FITNESS.     See  Filtness. 


FIT  115 


FITT.     Apparently  an  ancient  personal 

name,  whence  the  diminutive  Fitkin. 
FITTER.     A   person    who   vends    and 

loads   coals,    fitting    ships  with    cargoes. 

Halliwell. 
FITTIS.     Said  to  be  the  Gael,  feadha, 

forward,  fierce,  surly.     Folks  of  Shields. 

FITZ.     Occurs  at  the  present  day  as  a 
surname  without  any  addition.     This  is 
prohablv  local,  from  the  parish  of  Fitz  in 
Shropshire  ;  or  it  may  he  the  Xorman-Fr., 
Le  Fitz,   "  the  Son  "—like  Cousin,  Frere, 
Brother,  &c.  Fiz.  H.R. 
|^°FITZ.     A  Norman-French  prefix,  sig- 
nifying son,  being  a  corruption  of  the 
'LaimfiUns.    Many  of  the  names  which 
occur  in  Domesday  Book  v;\i\ijilhis  and 
the  father's  name  in  the  genitive  case, 
become  Fitz  in  later  records.    Like  AP 
among  the  Welsh,  and  MAC  among  the 
Scotch,  the  Fitz  prefixed  to  the  father's 
name  was  the  only  surname  in  use  in 
many  noble  families,  thus:  1.  Bardolf; 
2.  AkarisFitz-Bardolf;  3.  HerveyFitz- 
Akaris  ;  4.  Henry  Fitz-Hervey ;  5.  Ran- 
dolph Fitz-Henry,  and  so  on,  down  to 
the  time  of  Edw"  III.     This  succession 
is  found  in  the  family  known  as  Fitz- 
Hugh,   which  then  became  their    per- 
manent surname.    In  general,  howe-\-er, 
this  patronymical  method  was  disused  at 
an  earlier  period.     Camden  informs  us 
that  "  King  Edward  the  First,  disliking 
the  iteration  of  Fitz,  commanded  the 
Lord  John  Fitz-Robert,  an  ancient  baron 
(whose  ancestours  had  continued  their 
surnames  by    their    fathers'    Christian 
names)  to  leave  that  manner,  and  be 
called  John  of  Claveriug,  which  was  the 
capital  seat  of  his  Barony.    And  in  this 
time  many  that  had  followed  this  course 
of  naming  by  Fitz,  took  them  one  set- 
tled name  and  retained  it."    Remains, 
p.  185.     The  origin  of  the  word  FiTZ, 
which  has  so  much  puzzled  some  Anti- 
quaries, is  this  :  in  coutracting  the  word 
fiUus,   our  old   scribes   drew   a    stroke 
across  the  '1,'  to  denote  the   omission 
of  the  following  '  i,'  and  thus  assimilated 
it  in  form  to  the  letter  't.'   The  charac- 
ter '  z '  is  the  usual  contraction  of  '  us.' 
Thus  the  word  looked  like  "/fz,"  and 
came  to  be  so  pronounced. 
FITZ-CLARENCE.     This  siu-name  was 
given  to  the  natural   children  of  the  late 
Duke  of  Clarence,  afterwards  King  William 
IV. 
FITZ-ELLTS.     The  knightly   family  so 
named,  who  flourished  at'Waterpyrie  near 
Oxford,  sprang  from  Sir  William  Alis  men- 
tioned in  Domesd.     The  forms   are  Fitz- 
Elys,  Fitz-Elias,  Fitz-Ellis,  &c.     See  Ellis. 

FITZ-GERALD.  The  Geraldines,  as  this 
great  family  are  sometimes  called,  claim  to 
be  descended  from  the  same  stock  as  the 
Gherardini,  a  noble  Florentine  family, 
whose  progenitor,  Rainerio,  flourished 
A.D.  910;  but  it  is  doubtful  whether  this 
is  not  a  fiction  of  the  XV.  cent.,  invented 
as  a  compliment  from  the  Italian  family. 


FIT 

(Gent.  Mag.  Aug.  1858).  It  is  however 
suftlcient  for  the  antiquity  of  this  distin- 
guished race  to  state,  that  their  pedigree  is 
perfect  up  to  Otho,  Other,  or  more  properly 
Ohtere,  who  passed  into  England  before  the 
Conquest.  The  name  itself  is  probaby  de- 
rived from  that  chieftain's  descendant, 
Slaurice,  the  son  of  Gerald,  (filius  Geroldi) 
great-grandson  of  Otho,  companion  of  Wil- 
liam I.  at  the  Conquest,  who  married  Nesta 
the  famous  Welsh  princess,  temp.  Henry  I. 
Maurice  Fitz-Gerald  accompanied  Strong- 
bow  in  his  invasion  of  Ireland,  temp. 
Henry  II.,  and  thus  built  up  in  that  country 
the  fortunes  of  the  family,  which  under  the 
title  of  Leinster  has  yielded  Ireland  her 
only  duke.  The  original  Other,  castellan 
of  Windsor  under  the  Confessor,  is  said  to 
have  sprung  from  a  Norse  vi-king  Ohtere, 
whose  descendants  settled  in  Normandy, 
and  to  have  been  the  common  ancestor  of 
the  Windsor,  Carew,  Fitz-Maurice,  Gerard, 
Otter,  and  many  other  families,  as  well  as  of 
that  amusing  and  credulous  historian,  Gi- 
raldus  Cambrensis. 

FITZ-GIBBOX.  The  earl  of  Clare's 
family,  the  chief  of  whom  was  styled  The 
White  Kxight,  otherwise  Clan-Gibbon, 
are  a  branch  of  the  great  Anglo- 
Irish  Fitzgeralds,  being  descended  from 
Gilbert,  otherwise  Gibbon,  son  of  John 
Fitzgerald,  ancestor  of  the  houses  of  Kil- 
dare  and  Desmond.  From  the  same  stock 
spring  the  knights  of  Kerry,  called  The 
Black  Ksights. 

FITZ-HARRIS.    See  Harris. 

FITZ-HERBERT.  Herbert  Fitz-Her- 
bcrt  is  said  to  have  come  into  England  with 
the  Conqueror.  His  descendants  settled  at 
Norburv,  co.  Derby,  in  1125,  and  are  still, 
I  believe,  possessors  of  the  estate.  Lysons' 
Derbyshire. 

FITZ-HUGH.  See  under  c^Fitz.  The 
great  baronial  race  of  this  name  descended 
from  a  feudal  chief  named  Bardolph,  wlio 
was  lord  of  Ravensworth,  co.  York,  at  the 
period  of  the  Conquest.  The  surname  was 
not  fixed  until  the  time  of  Edw.  III.,  when 
Henry  Fitz-Hugh  was  summoned  to  Par- 
liament as  Baron  Fitz-Hugh. 

FITZ-JAiNIES.  James,  illegitimate  son 
of  king  James  II.,  by  Arabella  Churchill, 
sister  of  the  great  Duke  of  Marlborough, 
received  the  surname  of  Fitz-James,  and 
was  created  Duke  of  Berwick.  Being  at- 
tainted after  the  Revolution  of  1G88,  he  was 
created  Duke  Fitz-James  by  the  king  of 
France,  and  the  title  is  still  enjoyed  in  that 
country  by  his  descendant,  the  present  Duo 
Fitz-James. 

FITZ-]^IAURICE.  The  jNIarquis  of 
Lansdowne's  family  are  of  common  origin 
with  the  Fitz-Geralds,  being  descended 
from  the  famous  Otho  of  Windsor,  temp. 
Edw.  Confessor.  The  surname  is  derived 
from  an  early  ancestor,  named  ]\Iaurice 
Fitz-Gerald. 

FITZ-PATRTCK.  The  anglicized  form 
of  Giolla-Phadruic,  an  ancient  Irish  chief 


FLA  116 


of  the  X.  cent.  Its  literal  meaning  is,  The 
Servant  of  St.  Patrick.  Sucli  names  were 
common  in  Ireland  soon  after  the  introduc- 
tion of  Christianity.  O'Donovan,  in  Irish 
Penny  Journal,  p.  330.  Corap.  Gilchrist, 
Gillespie,  kc.  John  Fitz-Patrick,  descended 
from  the  ancient  monarchs  of  Ireland,  was 
ancestor  of  the  Earls  of  Ossory,  who  became 
extinct  in  1818. 

FITZ-ROY.  Filius  Eegis— "Son  of  a 
King."  This  surname  has  frequently  been 
given  to  the  illegitimate  offspring  of  our 
monarchs,  e.  g.  to  Robert,  natural  son  of 
Henry  I. ;  to  Geoffrey,  bishop  of  Lincoln, 
natural  son  of  Henry  II. ;  to  Henry,  natural 
son  of  Henry  VIII.,  by  Elizabeth  Blount ; 
and  to  Charles,  Henry,  and  George,  natural 
sons  of  Charles  II.,  by  Barbara  Villiers. 
Duchess  of  Cleveland.  From  Henry,  the 
second  of  these,  are  descended  the  Duke  of 
Grafton,  and  Lord  Southampton. 

FITZ-SWAIK     See  Swainson. 

FITZ-WILLIAM.  The  Earl  of  this 
title  and  surname  is  lineally  descended 
from  William  Fitz-Goderic,  a  cousin  of 
king  Edward  the  Confessor.  His  son,  Wil- 
liam Fitz-William,  is  said  to  have  been 
ambassador  from  England  to  the  Norman 
court,  and  to  have  accompanied  Duke  Wil- 
liam in  the  invasion  of  this  country.  He 
was  at  the  battle  of  Hastings,  and  tradition 
asserts  that  in  reward  for  his  prowess,  the 
Conqueror  gave  him  a  scarf  from  his  own 
arm.     Collins. 

FITZ-^VYGRAi\I.     See  Wigram. 

FIVEASH.  Tlie  name  of  a  locality. 
There  are  two  i>laces  in  E.  Sussex  called 
respectively,  Five-Ashes  and  Five-Ash 
Down. 

FLxVCK.  Possibly  from  Flagg,  a  town- 
ship in  CO.  Derby. 

FLADGATE.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Floodgate. 

FLAGG.  A  township  in  the  parish  of 
Bakewell,  co.  Derby. 

FLAMANT.  O.  Fr.  Flamand,  a  Flem- 
ing.    Le  Flamant,  H.R. 

FLANDEPvS.  From  the  country.  See 
Fleming. 

FLASH.  See  under  Flashnian.  The 
Prompt.  Parv.  defines  flasshe  as  '  watyr,' 
and  under  ^-'^ff^^' 7(6'  we  have  "  llasche,  where 
rayne  watyr  stondythe."  ilr.  '\^'ay  says, 
"a  shallow  jdooI,  in  low  Latin  flacltin, 
jiasca,  0.  Yy.  facile  ov  Jfesqi/e."  Camden, 
in  his  Britannia,  applies  the  term  to  those 
artificial  reservoirs  in  Sussex  which  had 
been  formed  for  the  driving  of  iron- 
mills. 

FLASHMAjST.  Flashes  is  a  word  pro- 
vincially  applied  to  flood-gates.  The  Flash- 
man  probably  had  the  care  of  such  gates. 
See,  however,  Flash. 

FLATMAN.  A  baptismal  name  One 
Floteman  was  an  undertenant  in  Yorkshire 
before  the  compilation  of  Domesday.     The 


FLE 

name  appears  to  have  been  originally  the 
A-Sax.  fhtviajui,  a  sailor. 

FLAVEL.      FLAVELL.      An  ancient 

family  presumed  to  be  of  Norman  extrac- 
tion, who  gave  the  affix  to  Flavel  Flyford, 
CO.  Worcester.  The  name  may  be  derived 
from  the  Low  Lat.  flarellvs,  a  diminutive 
oiflavus,  yellow,  or  golden — perhaps  with 
reference  to  the  hair. 

FLAXMAN.  A  dresser  of  flax,  or  a 
spinner.  In  old  authors  "flax-wife"  signi- 
fies a  female  spinner  who  is  married,  pro- 
balily  to  distinguish  her  from  the  sjjinstcr, 
or  maiden  of  the  distaff.  The  records  of 
Castle  Combe  shew  the  existence  in  that 
district  of  a  family  who  in  the  reign  of 
Edw.  III.  were  called  Spondel,  mostproba- 
bl)'  a  provincialism  for  "spindle,"  in  allu- 
sion to  the  si^iuning  trade  carried  on  by 
them.  One  of  the  family  is  described  as 
"JohanueniSpoundel  dictum Flexmangere," 
or  flax-monger,  and  twenty  years  later  this 
jjerson,  or  a  descendant,  is  simj^ly  described 
as  "  Johannes  Flexmau."  See  Scrope's 
Hist,  of  Castle  Combe,  reviewed  in  Quar- 
terly Piev.,  vol.  xcii.,  p.  291. 

FLEET.  A-Sax.  fleot.  A  harbour  for 
vessels,  an  arm  of  the  sea,  a  haven  ;  hence 
Northfleet,  youthfleet,  and  the  Fleet,  a  tri- 
butary of  the  Thames,  which  gave  name  to 
Fleet  Street.  The  celebrated  jurist,  Fleta, 
is  said  to  have  adopted  that  name,  about 
temp.  Edw.  II.,  from  his  l.aviug  been  a 
prisoner  in  the  Fleet  at  the  time  when  he 
wrote  his  treatise  on  the  common  law. 
Fuller's  Wor.  ii.  36(5.  There  are  parishes 
in  cos.  Dorset  and  Lincoln  so  called. 

FLEETWOOD.  The  place  from  which 
the  name  was  derived  is  probably  in  Lan- 
cashire, where  the  family  resided  in  the 
XV.  cent.,  and  in  that  county  a  new  town 
bearing  this  designation  has  recently 
sprung  into  existence  under  the  auspices  of 
Sir  Hesketli  Fleetwood. 

FLEGG.  Eiist  and  West  Flegg  are  two 
hundreds  in  Norfolk. 

FLEMEN.     See  Fleming. 

FLEMING.     FLE:MMING.      A  native 

of  Flanders.  Many  natives  of  that  country 
joined  William  the  Conqueror  in  the  in- 
vasion of  England.  Several  persons  de- 
signated Flandrensis  occur  in  Domesday 
Book ;  thus  Winemar  F.  was  a  tenant 
in  cliief  in  co.  Bucks,  and  Hugo  F.  in  Bed- 
fordsliire.  Walterus  Flandrensis  was  a 
tenant  in  chief  in  Herts,  Bucks,  Bedford, 
&c.  He  "  assumed  this  surname  in  regard 
he  came  from  Flanders,  and  assisted  Wil- 
liam at  the  battle  of  Hastings.  AValter 
Beli,  who  came  o\'er  with  the  Conqueror, 
had  a  large  inheritance  in  Flanders,  and 
had  several  lordships  given  him  in  Eng- 
land ;  but  whether  Walter  F.  and  Walter 
Bek  were  one  and  the  same  person  does  not 
sufficiently  appear  "  Kelham's  Domer-day. 
There  have  been  numerous  settlements 
of  Flemings  at  subsequent  periods,  and  Le 
Fleming  was  a  very  common  surname 
throughout  the  middle  ages. 


FLO 


117 


FLESHER.  A  butcher ;  a  word  still  m 
use  iu  the  North.  In  the  II.R.  the  umne 
is  sometimes  written  Le  Flesmongere,  the 
ncshmongcr.  In  Old  Scotch,  ^pschour  was 
a,  liangman  or  executioner— carnilex. 

FLETCHER.     Fr.  fleche,  an  arrow.     A 
maker  of  arrows— a  common  and  most  ue- 
cessary    trade    in    the    middle    ages.     Le 
Flecher,  Le  Flecchir,  Le  Fletcher.     U.K. 
FLEWELLEN.  (Lond.  Direct.)   A  cor- 
ruption of  Llewellyn,  the  AVelsh  Ijaptismal 
and  family  name. 
FLEXMAN.    See  Flaxman. 
FLIGG.     See  Flegg. 
FLINT        Our  Anglo-Saxon    ancestors 
had  a  suhordinate  deity  whom  they  named 
Flint,  and  whose  idol  was  an  actual  flmt- 
stone  of  large  size.     The  name  of  the  god 
^vould  readily  hecome  the  appellation  ot  a 
man,  and  that  would  in  time  become  here- 
ditary as  a  surname.     Such  it  had  l.econie, 
Avithout  any  prefix,  at  the  date  otthe  H.R., 
and  even  in  Domesday  we  have  niSuftok 
an   Alwin  Flint.     The   town   of  Flmt,  m 
North  Wales,  may  however  have  a  claim  to 
its  origin. 

FLITTON.     A  parish  in  co.  Bedford. 
FLOAT.     1.    A-Sax  fota,   a  sailor.   2. 
Local ;  an  ancient  Hampshire  family  wrote 
themselves  De  Flote. 
FLOCK.     Probably  from  Floques,  near 

Eu,  in  Normandy. 
FLOCKHART.     A  guttural  pronuncia- 
tion of  Lockhart. 

FLOCKT ON.     A  chapelr j  in  Yorkshire. 

FLOOD.      The    English   corruption    of 

Lloyd,  which  is  too  gi^ttural  for  our  organs 

of  pronunciation.      Andrew  Borde  m  his 

Boke  of  Knowledge   makes  a  Welchman 

say —  ,    , 

"  I  am  a  gentvlman  and  come  of  Brutus  b  oocl ; 

My  name  is  Ap  Ryce,  Ap  Davy,  Ap  I' load- 
FLORENCE.     The  capital  of  Tuscany. 
It  is  sometimes  written  Florance.    See  also 
Finghin. 
FLOUNDERS.     Perhaps  a  corruption  of 

Flanders. 
FLOWER.  The  London  Directory  ex- 
hibits more  than  a  quarter  of  a  hundred  of 
traders  bearing  this  beautiful  surname, 
wliich  proljably  had  its  origin  in  some  pe- 
culiar manly  beauty  or  excellence,  such  as 
that  implied  iu  tlie  phrases  '  Flower  of  Chi- 
valry,' Flower  of  the  Family,  kc.     Le  Floer. 

H.R. 
FLOWERDAY.      See    Flowerdew,    of 

which  it  is  probably  a  corruption. 
FLOWERDEW.     Probably  from  '/ewr' 

and  '  Dieii  '  Fr.  "  God's  flower,"  from  some 

peculiar  sanctity  attached  to  the  original 

bearer. 
FLOWERS.     See  Flower. 
FLOYD.     The    same   as   Flood,   which 

see. 


FOL 

FLOYER.    Burke  says,  that  the  pedigree 
of  tlie  Floyers  of  co.  Dorset  is  "  authenti- 
cally  deduced  from  Floierus,  who  settled 
soon  after  the  Norman  Conciucst  on   the 
lands  beyond  the  river  Exe,    co.    Devon, 
whence  the    name  of   Floiers-Lands  and 
Floiers-Hayes." 
FLUDE.     See  Flood. 
FLY.     A  place  near   Gournay,  in  Nor- 
maudv,  once  famous  for  its  great  abbey.  It 
was    anciently    called    Flagi.     Chron.    of 
Battel  Abbey,  p.  49. 
FOAKES.     The  same  as  Folkes. 
FOARD.     See  Ford. 
FOE.     Probably  inimicus,  an  enemy — the 
antithesis  of  the  surname  Friend ;  or  it  may 
be  the  Fr.  fav.r,  false,  unfaithful.     I  believe 
the  territorial  De  of  Dc  Foe  was  assumed 
by  the  author  of  Roljinsou  Crusoe. 
FOGGE.      An   ancient   Kentish   family, 
possibly    identical    with    that    of    Fagge. 
Ferguson  says  ">V^,"  Danish,  a  simpleton. 

FOLD.       An    enclosure    for    sheep    or 

cattle. 

FOLEY.  Collins  says  that  the  family 
have  been  of  ancient  standing  in  co.  Wor- 
cester, and  some  adjoining  counties.  Local: 
place  unknown. 

FOLGER.     See  Foulger. 

FOLJx\.MBE,  Jamhe  is  Fr.  for  leg,  and 
folfolle  is  often  employed  in  0.  Fr.  for 
something  useless  or  of  little  value,  as 
'  farine  folle,'  mill-dust,  'ligue  folle,'  a  good- 
for-nothing  fig.  Hence  Foljambe  was  pro- 
bably a  sobriquet  allusive  to  a  useless  or 
defective  Leg.  AVe  find  in  the  H.K.  the 
antithetical  Bcle-jambc,  or  "handsome leg," 
as  a  surn?,me,  and  indeed  the  jamhe,  or  leg, 
gave  rise  to  other  sobriquets  and  famdy 
names  in  the  middle  ages.  As  a  remarkal)le 
instance,  in  the  far-famed  ScropeandGrosve- 

uor  controversv,  temp.  Rich.  II.,  one  of  the 
witnesses  calls  Edward  I.  "the  good  king 
Edward  with  the  long  legs,"-^r(?z  Ics  long 
jaumhes.  This  family  were  doubtless  of 
Norman  origin,  and  the  pedigree  is  traced 
to  Sir  Thomas  Foljambe,  who  was  bailifl 
of  the  High  Peak,  co.  Derby,  in  1272. 
FOLK.  FOLKES.  A  corruption  of 
the  Norman  personal  name  Fulco,  from 
whence  also  Fulke. 

FOLKARD.      FOLKERD,       Fulcher 
or  Fulcherus,  a  Domesd.  name,  is  doubt- 
less the  same  as  Folchard  or  Folcaid,  borne 
by  an  eminent  Flemish  scholar,  who  settled 
in  England  about  the  time  of  the  Conquest 
and  became  abbot  of  Thorney. 
FOLKER.     See  Folkard. 
FOLLENFANT.     Fr.  "Foolish  child" 
—probably  a  term  of  endearment. 
FOLLETT.       Fr.    follct,     "somewhat 
fond,  pretty  and  foppish,  a  little  foolish." 
Cotar.     Rroliably  used  by  way  of  endear- 
ment.    '  Feu  follet '  is  an  exact  rendering 
of  ignis  fatuus.    In  the  Domesday  of  Kent 
there  is  a  William  Folet. 


FOR 


118 


FOK 


rOLLIOT.     FOLIOT.    FFOLLIOTT. 

Au  old  Fr.  epithet  formed  from  the  extiuct 
\evh  f oiler,  to  pl.i)'  tlie  fool,  to  be  merry  or 
frolicsome.  Comp.  Follett.  The  family 
came  into  England  at  or  soon  aftei-  the 
Conquest.  The  surname  has  become  histo- 
rical from  Gilbert  Foliot,  bishop  of  Here- 
foi'd,  the  staunch  defender  of  Henrj^  II. 
against  the  demands  of  Thomas  a  Cecket. 
One  night  as  he  lay  ruminating  on  the 
quarrel  of  the  king  and  the  archbisliop,  a 
terrible  and  unknown  voice  sounded  in  his 
ears  tlie  words : — 

Voice.    "  Foliotli !  Folioth !  thy  God   is  the  Goddess 

Azaroth."    (Venus.) 
Foliot.     Thou  lyest,  foule  fiend  ;  my  God  is  tlie  God  of 
Sabaoth !" 

FOLLY.  "Any  ridiculous  buildino-,  not 
answering  its  intended  purpose."  Halliwell. 
Most  counties  have  many  spots  so  called  ; 
but  I  do  not  find  Mr.  Haiiiwell's  deiluition 
always  correct.  I  should  prefer  calling  a 
"  folly,"  a  temporary  or  fragile  building, 
and  that  seems  to  liave  been  the  sense  of 
the  Norman -French  ^////p.  In  the  Roman 
de  Ron  of  Master  Wace,  line  12, 136  we 
read — 

"  Mult  veiont  loges  cfoiUics," 

vliich  M.  Pluquet  explains  as  "  baraques 
faites  avec  des  brandies  d'arbre;" — tempo- 
rarj-  buildings  made  of  branches  of  trees. 
See  Notes  and  Queries,  Nov.  18u6.  De  la 
Folye.  H.R. 

FOLTITORrE.     FOULTHORPE.     A 

local  name  of  northern  origin.  One  of  the 
principal  hahitats  of  tlie  family  was  in  the 
count}'  of  Durham,  where  they  acquired 
(probably  for  no  better  reason  than  a  play 
upon  the  first  s}'llab!e)  the  undesirable  ap- 
pellation  of    the   "  The     Filthy    Foul- 

THORPES." 

FONXEREAU.  This  family  were 
founded  in  England  by  M.  Zacharie  F.  who 
fled  from  La  Roelielle  at  the  Kev.  of  the 
Edict  of  Nantes,  and  settled  in  London. 
He  is  said  to  liave  been  of  noble  descent, 
and  a  branch  of  the  Earls  of  Iviy  in  Nor- 
mandy.    B.L.G. 

FONT.  Lat.  yb?i.s,  a  spring.  De  Fonte, 
Ad  Fontem.     H.R. 

FOOKES.  FOOKS.  See  Folk,  Folkes. 
Perhaps,  however,  the  High  German /wc//,?, 
a  fox. 

FOORD.     See  Ford. 

FOOT.  FOOTE.  Probably  from  resi- 
dence near  the  '  foot'  of  a  mountain.  This 
surname  was  hereditary  from  the  time  of 
the  Conqueror.  Among  the  undertenants 
of  Domesday  we  have  an  Ei'uui  Fot  in 
Clieshire,  and  a  Godwin  Fot  in  Kent.  The 
descendants  of  the  latter  gave  the  prefix  to 
Foot's  Cray.  Fot  is  the  common  spelling 
in  H.R. 

FOOTMAN.  Not  a  domestic  servant, 
but  a  foot-soldier,  an  infantry  man.  It  is 
used  in  this  sense  in  Hall's  Clironicle. 

FORBES.  A  town  and  barony  in  Aber- 
deenshire. The  family  jiossessedthat  lord- 
ship as  early  as  temp.  AVilliam  the  Lion, 


Probably   Forres   in   JMoraj- 


I     and  were  seated  at  Pitscottie  in  tlie  same 
'     shire  in  1476.     Debrett.     See  Art.   Coult- 
hart. 

FORCE.  In  the  North,  a  waterfall,  a 
cascade.  Worsaae  considers  it  of  Danish 
origin,  and  finds  fifteen  localities  with  the 
termination  in  the  northern  counties. 
Danes  in  England,  p.  71. 

f^"  FORD.  A  shallow  place  in  a  river, 
which  may  be  crossed  without  bridge 
or  boat — a  common  termination  of  local 
surnames, 

"  In  Ford,  in  Ilam,  in  Ley,  in  Ton 
Tlie  most  of  English  Surnames  run." 

Vet'stegan. 

FORD.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Durham,  Sussex,  Bucks,  Northumberland, 
Salop,  Wilts,  Devon,  &c. 

FORDER.  1.  Avillaoenoar  Trematonin 
Cornwall.  2.  A  niodilication  of  At  Ford. 
See  termination  ek. 

FORDI-IAM.  Parishes  in  cos.  Cambridge, 
Essex,  and  Norfolk. 

FOR  DR  ED.     An  ancient  personal  name. 

FORDYCE.     A  parish  in  Banffshire. 

FORECAST.  €i\\?is\ forth-cast;  one  cast 
forth  ;  a  foundling  ? 

FORECASTLE,  Probably  local,  and 
having  no  connection  with  a  shiji. 

FOREHEAD.     Local.     See  Head. 

FORES. 

shire. 

FOREST,    FORREST.    From  residence 

in  one.  Forest  is,  however,  the  specific 
name  of  i:>laces  in  cos.  Durham,  Brecon, 
&c. 

FORESTER.      FORRESTER.       "  An 

officer  made  by  letters  patent  under  the 
great  seal,  and  sworn  to  preserve  vert  and 
venison  in  the  forest ;  and  to  attend  upon 
the  wild  beasts  within  his  bailiwick;  to  at- 
tach offenders  there  either  in  Vert  or  Veni- 
son, and  to  present  the  same  at  tlie  courts  of 
the  Forest,  tliat  they  maj"  be  punished  ac- 
cording to  the  quantity  and  quality  of  their 
offences  and  trespasses.  Some  Foresters 
have  their  office  in  fee,  paying  to  the  king 
a  fee-farm  rent."  Manwode,  cited  in  Nel- 
son's Laws  of  Game.  In  allusion  to  the 
origin  of  thenanic,  many  families  of  Forester 
bear  bugle-horns  in  their  arms.  Several 
Forestarii  are  found  in  Domesday. 

FORGE.     From  residence  at  one ;  a  local 

synonym  of  .Smith. 

FORMAN.      FOREMAN.       (A-Sax.) 

The  president  or  chief  man  of  a  comjiany. 
Bailej'.  Still  apjilicd  to  the  spokesman  of 
a  jury,  and  to  the  chief  of  a  body  of  work- 
men. 

FOR]\IBY.     A  ohapelry  in  Lancashire. 

FORRETT.     Possibly  from  Fv.foret—o. 

forest. 

FORSAITII. 
FORSCUTT. 


See  Forsyth. 
See  Foskett. 


FOS 


119 


FOX 


FORSTER.  A  curt  pronunciation  of 
Forester.  There  are  many  families  of  this 
name  of  sei)arate  origins.  The  Durham 
family  were  characterized  as  The  Friendly 

FORSTERS. 

FORSYTH.  Probably  from  Forcett 
(whence  also  Fawcett)  a  township  in  the 
wapentake  of  Gillingwest,  N.R.  of  York- 
shire. 

FORT.     Fr.  Le  Fort.  Strong,  powerful. 

FORTESCUE.     Doubtless  from  O.  Fr. 

foi-teesm,  "  strong  shield,"  referring  proba- 
bly to  such  a  weapon  carried  by  the  pri- 
mary bearer  of  the  name.  This,  together 
with  the  punning  motto  of  the  family, 
"  Forte  ScuiMm  salus  ditcmn,"  '  a  strong 
shield  is  the  safety  of  commanders,'  doubt- 
less led  to  the  fabrication  of  the  legend  that 
the  founder  of  the  family,  one  Sir  Richard 
le  Fort,  at  the  battle  of  Hastings  was  the 
safety  of  his  commander,  by  bearing  a 
sf7v?iff  shield  in  front  of  him.  If  we  niay 
trust  genealogists  of  the  old  school,  the  field 
of  Hastings  witnessed  many  wonderful 
scenes  and  exploits  ;  but  as  the  Norman 
Duke  was  quite  able  to  carry  his  own  shield 
we  may  dismiss  this  story  to  the  regions  of 
romance.  The  Norman  origin  of  the  family 
is,  however,  pretty  certain,  and  their  resi- 
dence at  Winston  in  Devonshire,  temp. 
King  .John,  seems  fully  proved.  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men.  If  the  name  origi- 
nated in  any  military  incident,  it  is  more 
likely  to  have  taken  place  in  the  Holy 
Land,  where  two  members  of  the  family 
are  said  to  have  fought  under  Coeur  de 
Lion. 

FORTH.  A  well-known  river  of  Scot- 
land ;  also  a  village  in  Lancashire. 

FORTNER.  A  combatant  in  a  tilting 
match.     See  Eng.  Surn.  i.  109. 

FORTUNE.  A  place  in  Haddington- 
shire. 

FORTY.  FORTYMAX.  Forty  is 
used  by  the  Scot,  poet  Douglas,  in  the  sense 
of  brave.  Fr.  foH.  Hence  these  names 
probably  refer  to  the  courage  of  their 
original  owners, 

FORAYARD.  May  refer  to  disposition, 
but  is  more  probably  i\\e  fove-nard,  or  guard 
— an  advanced  sentinel. 

FOSBROKE.  A  township  iu  Stafford- 
shire, hodie  Forsbroke.  The  family  were 
settled  in  Northamptonshire  temp.  Eich.  II. 

FOSCUE.  A  corruption  of  Fortescue. 
Camden. 

FOSDICK.  FORSDmE.  Fosdyke,  a 
parish  in  Lincolnshire.  John  de  Focedik 
occurs  in  that  shire  temp.  Edw.  I.     H.R. 

FOSKETT.  Probably  from  the  ancient 
manor  of  Foscott,  co.  Bucks,  or  from  Fors- 
cote,  a  parish  co.  Somerset. 

FOSS.  FOSSE.  The  ditch  of  a  fortified 
place.     Conf.  De  la  Fosse,  and  Ditch. 

FOSSETT.  The  same  as  Fawcett  and 
Forsvth,  which  see. 


FOSSEY.  A  Fosse-way,  or  ancient  forti- 
fication of  earth. 

FOSTER.  Sometimes  a  contraction  of 
Forester :  but  tliere  is  an  origin  at  least 
equally  probable,  viz :  fosterer,  one  who 
feeds  and  has  the  charge  of  children  instead 
of  their  parents.  "  When  a  gesithcund- 
man  left  his  land,  he  was  at  liberty  to  take 
away  his  Reeve,  his  Smith,  and  his  child's 
Fosterer.  Laws  of  Ina,  King  of  Wessex. 
Thorpe,  i.  145.  Archajologia,  xxxiii.  277. 

FOTHER.  Apparently  an  ancient  Scan- 
dinavian personal  name,  to  which  probably 
we  owe  the  local  names  and  sin'names, 
Fotherby,  Fothergill,  Fotheringham,  Fo- 
therley,  kc. 

FOTHERBY.  A  parish  in  Liucoln- 
sliire. 

FOTHERINGHAM.  A  place  in  the 
parish  of  Inverarity,  co.  Forfar. 

FOULGER.  A-Sax./oZg-ere,  a  follower, 
an  attendant,  a  servant,  a  free-man  who 
had  not  a  liouse  of  his  own,  but  who  was 
the  retainer  of  some  "  heorth-fest,"  or 
house-kee23T;r.     Bosworth. 

FOULIS.  The  ancestor  of  the  baronet 
was  in  great  favour  with  king  .James  VI.  of 
Scotland,  whom  he  accompanied  into  Eng- 
land. The  name  is  probably  derived  from 
one  of  the  two  parishes  of  Perthshire  now 
called  Fowlis-Easter  and  Fowlis-Wester. 
In  charters  it  is  latinized  De  Foliis. 

FOULKES.  The  personal  name,  Fulco 
or  Fulke,  through  the  Fr.  Foulques. 

FOULSHAIVr.     A  town  in  Norfolk. 

FOUND.  This  name  was  given  to  a 
fouudling  at  Doncaster  not  many  genera- 
tions since.  Eng.  Surn.  ii.  IS.  The  cor- 
responding name  Inventus  formerly  existed 
there.     Ibid. 

FOUNTAIN.  From  residence  near  one 
— like  the  Fr.  De  la  Fontaine. 

FOURDRINIER.  O.  Fr.  "  The  blacke 
thorne  that  beareth  sloes  ;  also  the  wild  or 
mountain  plumnie  tree."  Cotgrave.  The 
surname  is  analogous  to  our  indigenous 
Thorne,  Hawthorne,  &c. 

FOURMY.  Fr.  fourmi — an  ant ;  pro- 
bably allusive  to  industry. 

FOURNIER.  Fr.  A  baker  or  furnace- 
man. 

FOURNISS.     Furness,  co.  Lancaster. 

FOWELL.     The  same  as  Fowle. 

FOWKE.    FOWKES.     See  Foulkes. 

FOWLE.  A  bird  of  any  species.  Le 
Fowle.     H.R. 

FOWLER.  A  bird-catcher ;  a  destroyer 
of  birds  by  any  method,  whether  with  net, 
bird-bolt,  or  "  fowling-piece."  Le  Fowelere. 
H.R. 

FOWLES.    FOWLS.     See  Foulis. 

FOX.  FOXE.  1.  From  the  animal, 
like  Wolf,  Bear,  Boar,  kc.      Le  Fox.  H.R. 


FRA 


120 


FRE 


2.  In  some  cases  it  may  be  connected  with 
the  Yorkshire  family  of  Fawkes,  and  if  so 
with  the  Norman  Vaux  or  De  ValUbus. 

rOXALL.     FOXELL.     See  Foxhall. 

FOXHALL.     A  parish  in  Sufiolk. 

FOXLEY.  FOXLEE.  Parishes,  &c., 
in  cos.  Norfolk,  Northampton,  and  WiUs. 

FOXTON.  Parishes,  ^c,  in  cos.  Cam- 
bridge, Durham,  and  Leicester. 

FOY.     A  parish  in  co.  Hereford. 

FOYSTER.  An  evident  corruption  of 
Forester,  resulting  from  mispronunciation 
of  the  letter  R. 

FRAIX.     See  Freyne. 

FRAMPTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Dorset,  Gloucester,  Lincoln,  &c.  The 
Framptons  of  the  first-named  county  have 
resided  at  Morcton  from  13S5.  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

FRANCE.     From  the  country. 

FRANCIS.  Not  from  the  personal  name, 
which  is  of  too  recent  introduction ;  but  as 
in  the  H.R.,  Le  Franceys,  Le  Franseys, 
Le  Frauuceys,  "  the  Frenchman." 

FRANEY.     See  Freyne. 

FRANK.   FRANKS.   FRANKES.  The 

nursename  Frank  stands  for  Francis,  Fran- 
ciscus,  and  this  may  be  in  some  instances 
the  origin  of  the  surname.  Lc  Fraulc, 
however,  appears  in  H.E.,  and  may  mean 
either  "the  free,"  an  enfranchised  man; 
or  a  "  Franc,"  by  nation. 

FRANKHAM.  I  find  no  sucli  place  as 
Fraukham,  and  the  name  seems  not  to  be 
local,  but  the  old  Fr.  Fraunehumme(homo 
liber)  "  a  free  man."  Tlie  name  is  so 
written  in  H.R.     See  under  Freeman. 

FR  ANKLAND.  Sometimes  a  corruption 
of  Franklin. 

FRANKLIN.  In  the  H.R.  Franckleyn, 
Franlielain  (with  and  without  the  prefix 
Le),  Franklanus,  &c.  Halliwell's  definition 
is  "  a  large  freeholder."  Properly  the  son 
or  descendant  of  a  vilein,  who  had  become 
rich;  but  the  term  was  also  applied  to 
farmers  and  country  gentlemen  of  incon- 
siderable pjoperty.  Chaucer's  description, 
however,  makes  the  Franklin  a  much  more 
important  personage.  See  Eng.  Sum.,  i. 
127-8. 

FRANKOK.  II.R.  The  personal  name 
Frane  occurs  in  Domesd.,  and  this  seems 
to  be  its  diminutive. 

FRANKS.     See  Frank. 

FRANKTON.  A  parish  in  co.  War- 
wick. 

ERASER.  "  Of  the  Norman  origin  of 
the  Frasers  it  is  impossil)le  for  a  moment  to 
entertain  any  doubt."  Skene's  Highlanders, 
ii.  311.  Down  to  the  reign  of  Robert  Bruce 
they  appear  tohave  remained  in  the  southern 
counties  of  Scotland,  though  afterwards 
they  removed  to  the  North,  and  assumed 
the  dignity  of  a  clan.     The  advocates  of 


their  Celtic  origin  derive  the  name  from 
Frith-swl,  "  forest  race."  Dixon.  In  the 
Ragman  Roll  it  is  spelt  Fresar,  Frizel, 
Freshele,  Frisele,  and  Frisle.  Ibid.  Frisell 
occurs  in  the  so-called  Battel  Roll,  and  an 
ancient  fief  near  Neufchatel,  in  Normandy, 
was  called  Fresles. 

A  perpetuity  of  Fi'asers  is  promised  to 
Philorth  (the  estate  of  Fraser,  Lord  Sal- 
toun),  by  the  following  rhyme  : — 

"  As  lang  as  there's  a  cock  in  the  North, 
There'll  be  a  Fraser  in  Philorth." 
Chambers'  Popuhn-  Jihmnes  of  Scotland. 

Tlie  following  anecdote  is  given  by  Mr. 
Dixon.     Surnames,  i^reface,  p.  xviii. : — 

"An  Irish  gentleman  once  told  me  that  in  his 
yoiitli  the  Fraser  Fencibles  ■were  quartered  near  his 
father's  residence,  and  that  he  had  many  times  lieard 
the  roll  called .  It  commenced  Donald  Fraser,  senior ; 
Donald  Fi-aser,  junior ;  Donald  Fraser,  Baine  (  White); 
Donald  Fraser, Ruadh  {lied);  Donald  Fraser,  Buidhe 
( rellou'-haired) ;  Donald  Fraser,  Duhli  (Black)  ; 
Donald  Fraser,  No.  1  ;  Donald  Fraser,  No.  2 ;  and  so 
on  to  Donald  Fraser,  No.  18.,  before  a  ne^y  baptismal 
name  appeared." 

FRATER.     A  latinization  of  Brother. 

FREARSON.  Perhaps  "Friar's  son," 
the  son  of  a  friar,  anciently  written /rf  re. 

FRECIIEVILLE.  The  family  descended 
from  Ralph  Fitz-Herbert,  a  tenant  in  capite 
in  Derbyshire  and  the  neighbouring  coun- 
ties. Lysons"  Derb.  The  name,  which  is 
latinized  De  Frisca-villa,  may  have  been 
derived  from  Francheville,  near  Argentan 
in  Normandj'.  Camden  considers  Fretwell 
a  corruption  of  it. 

FREDERICK.  The  personal  name. 
Frederic  was  a  tenant  in  Kent  prior  to  the 
making  of  Domesday. 

FREE.  Under  the  feudal  system,  one 
who  was  not  in  servile  condition;  the  same 
as  Freeman,  which  see.     Le  Free.     H.R, 

FREEBODY.     See  under  Body. 

FREEBORN.  Under  the  feudal  law, 
one  ^vhose  parents  were  not  in  a  state  of 
villeuage.  Freeburn  is,  ho^^■ever,  the  name 
of  a  parish  in  Scotland.  The  Friebernus 
of  Domesd.  and  the  Frebern  of  the  H.R. 
point  rather  to  an  ancient  baptismal 
name. 

FREELAND.  Perhaps  local,  though 
the  place  does  not  occur.  In  the  H.R.  it  is 
Frelond,  without  prefix. 

FREELOVE.  In  all  probability  the 
same  as  the  A-Sax.  name  Frealaf.  (Fergu- 
son.)    Frelove.     H.R. 

FREE.MAN.  Frcmovd  is  an  A-Sax.  per- 
sonal name;  but  this  surname  is  more  pro- 
bably derived  from  the  social  condition. 
"A  Freeman  ('/i'Jcr /;('/«oJ,  is  one  distin- 
guished from  a  slave;  that  is,  born  or 
made  free."  Jacoli,  Law  Diet.  In  the 
early  days  of  feudalism  two  neighbours 
bearing  some  connnon  Christian  name 
would  be  distinguished  by  epithets  denot- 
ing their  respective  conditions,  as  John  le 
Freeman  and  John  le  Bonde,  and  these 
epithets  would  often  become  family  names. 
In  the  H.E.  we  have  not  only  many  Le 
Frenians,  but  also  one  Matilda  Frewoman, 


FRE 


121 


FRO 


and  an  Agnes  Frewif,  or  fi-eewifc,  pvobal)!}' 
the  wife  of  a  bondman.  Tlie  name  also 
occurs  there  in  the  forms  of  Franchomc  and 
Fniunchomme.  Also  one  who  has  received 
the  freedom  of  any  corporation. 

FREEMANTLE  is  latinized  Frigidum- 
Blantellum,  "  cold  cloalv,"  which  is  suffi- 
ciently absurd.  It  should  be  Frieze-mantle, 
a  cloak  of  frieze  or  Friesland  cloth ;  as  we 
now  say,  a  Flushing  coat,  a  Guernsey  shirt, 
Nankin  trowsers,  &c.     (Dixon). 

FREERE.  Fr.  frcre,  a  brother ;  also  a 
friar,  which  Chaucer  writes  frere.  In  the 
H.R.,  Le  Frere. 

FREEZE.  Possibly  a  native  of  Fries- 
land. 

FREESTONF:.  Perhaps  local,  from 
Frieston,  a  Lincolnshire  parish ;  or  perhaps 
a  modilication  of  Frithestan,  the  A-Sax. 
personal  name. 

FREETH.     See  Frith. 

FREKE.  FRECK.  1.  0.-Eng.,aman, 
a  fellow.  Halliwell.  Also  an  epithet ; 
quick,  eager,  hasty ;  finn,  powerful,  bra'V'e. 

"  Ffrek  as  a  fujTC  m  tlie  fij-nt." 

Thornton  Romances,  p.  234. 
"  We  have  fonghten  in  faithe  by  yone  fi'csche  straiidcz, 
With  tho frekkeste  folke  tliat  tothi  foo  laiigez-" 

Morte  Arthure  (qiicitetl  by  llalliweU). 
"  This  day  a  man  is  fi-escJie  and  frijJce." 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.   (Ibid). 

2.  An  0.  GeiTii.  personal  name;  perhaps 
the  same  in  origin  as  Fricker. 

FREiSTCH.  From  the  country.  Le 
Frensch.  H  R.  See  Francis.  The  Frenches 
of  Frenchgrove,  co.  Mayo,  are  said  to  have 
sprung  from  Robert  Fitz-Stephen  de France, 
who  accomiDanied  Strongbow  into  Ireland 
temp.  Henry  II.,  and  he  is  said  to  have 
been  a  descendant  of  one  Theophilus  de 
France,  a  follower  of  William  I.  at  the 
Conquest.     B.L.G. 

FRERE.     Fr.    A  brother. 

FRERRY.  A  '  nurse-name  '  of  Frede- 
rick.    Camden. 

FRESIIVILLE.     See  Frecheville. 

FRESHWATER.  A  parish  in  the  Isle 
of  Wight. 

FRETWELL.  Said  by  Camden  to  be 
a  corruption  of  the  Norman  De  Freche- 
ville, but  is  more  probably  derived  fi"om 
Fritwell,  a  parish  in  Oxfordshire. 

FRE^aLLE.  A  place  between  Ste. 
Mere  Eglise  and  Valognes,  in  Normandy. 
It  gave  its  name  to  a  family  celebrated 
both  in  that  duchy  and  in  England.  Mem. 
Soc.  Ant.  Normandic,  1825.  Do  Frivile. 
H.R. 

FREW.  A-Sax.  /reo,  free  —  having 
liberty  or  authority. 

FREWEIST.  FREWrN".  "Is  manifestly 
as  old  as  the  worship  of  Frea,"  the  Teu- 
tonic Venus.  Edinb,  Rev.,  April,  1855.  It 
occurs  as  the  fourth  from  Woden  in  the 
genealogj'  of  the  Northumbrian  kings.  Its 
A-Sax.  foiTQ  is  Freawin,  signifying  "  dear 

E 


or  devoted  to  Frea."  Ferguson.  Several 
tenants  prior  to  the  Domesd.  sun-ey  bore 
it,  as  Frauuin,  in  Sussex,  Frauuinus,  in 
Devonshire,    and  Freowinus,  in  Suffolk. 

FREWER.     A  free-man. 
the  termination  ER. 


See  Frew,  and 


FREYNE.  O.  Fr.  fresne,  an  ash-tree, 
from  residence  near  one.  So  the  modern 
Fr.  surname  Dufresne  and  our  own  Ash.  la 
Norman  times  this  name  had  the  variations 
Fresnel,  Fresnay,  Freune,  &c. 

FRIAR.     See  Ecclesiastical  Surnames. 

FRICKER.  A-Sax.  fricca,  a  crier  or 
preacher — one  ^vho  proclaims. 

FRIDAY.  From  the  day  of  the  week ; 
from  some  event  which  occurred  to  the 
original  bearer  on  that  day.  So  Munday, 
Christnms,  Pentecost.  This  name  is  found 
in  the  H.R.  in  its  modern  orthography. 

FRIEND.  FREND.  Probably  charac- 
teristic of  the  original  bearer.  Le  Frend. 
H.R. 

FRIENDSHIP.  This  Devonshire  name 
is  probabl}'  local,  the  termination  being  a 
corruption  of  Iwpe. 

FRIER.  1.  See  Fryer.  2.  "Many  friars 
at  the  Reformation  renounced  their  vows  of 
chastity,  married,  and  became  fathers  of 
families ;  from  one  of  them  descend  the 
Friers  of  Melrose  parish,  Roxbm-ghshire." 
Folks  of  Shields. 

FRISBY.  FRISBEE.  A  parish  and  a 
chapelry,  co.  Leicester. 

FRISELL.  Probably  a  native  of  Fries- 
land. 

FRISTON.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

FRITH.     See  under  Fell. 

FROBISHER.  A  furbisher  or  polisher 
of  metals.  ¥v.  fourhisscur,  an  artizan  who 
polishes  and  mounts  swords ;  a  sword 
cutler.  Boyer.  In  the  Promptorium  we 
read,  "  Foorbysehowre,  eruginator,"  one 
who  removes  rust.  The  transijosition  of 
the  0  and  the  r  has  many  analogies.  The 
name  Le  Furbur  in  the  H.R.  is  probably 
S)'nou}Tnous. 

FROCKE.  Analogous  to  INIantell,  Cloake, 
&c. 

FRODSHAM.     A  parish  in  Cheshire. 

FROG.  One  John  Frog  flourished,  ap- 
l^ropriatcly  enough,  under  King  Edward 
Longshanks,  in  the  green  pastures  of  New- 
ington,  CO.  Oxford.  H.R.  ii.  7G1 ;  andBurke"3 
Armory  gives  the  ensigns  armorial  of  Frogg  ; 
but  Avliether  the  name  has  descended,  or 
rather  leaped  down,  to  modern  times,  I  am 
unable  to  determine. 


FROGGAT. 

shire. 

FROGMORTON. 

Throckmorton. 

FROISSART.     The     surname     of    the 
worthy  old  chronicler    was   borne    much 


A    township    in    Derby- 
A     corruption     of 


FUL 


122 


FUR 


earlier  by  Willelmus  Froissart,  a  Domesd. 
tenant  in  co.  Bedford.  It  is  evidently  con- 
nected with  the  Fr.  frnisser,  and  means  a 
civasher  or  bruiser — no  hnproper  name 
eitlier  for  a  follower  of  the  Conqueror,  or 
for  tlio  historian  of  Cresci  and  Poictiers. 

FROST.  Frost  is  the  name  of  a  dwarf 
in  the  Scandinavian  mythology,  and  our 
nursery  hero,  "Jack  Frost,"  as  Mr.  Fer- 
guson suggests,  may  be  derived  from  that 
source.  One  Alwin  Forst  was  a  tenant  in 
CO.  Hants  before  Domesd.,  aud  his  name  by 
a  slight  and  common  transposition  would 
become  Frost.  The  H.R.  have  many  Frosts 
without  prefix. 

FEOUDE.  FROWD.  The  epithet 
Frode,  wise,  or  mucli-knowing,  was  applied 
to  more  than  one  eminent  Northman.  See 
Laing's  Chronicle  of  the  Sea-Kings  of  Nor- 
way, i.  26  and  29.  In  Domesd.  we  find  a 
Frodo,  described  as  "  frater  Abbatis"  (i.e., 
of  St.  Edmundsbury),  and  he  had  a  son 
Gilbert,  called  "  filius  Frodouis,"  or  Fitz- 
Froude. 

FROYLE.  A  parish  in  Hampshire, 
which  had  owners  of  the  same  name  in 
1166.     Lib.  Nig.  Scac. 

FRY.  Old  English  for/ree ;  in  the  H.R. 
Le  Frj'e  and  Le  Frie ;  the  same  as  Free  and 
Freeman,  which  see.  Also  with  regard  to 
disposition — free,  noble. 

"  The  child  that  was  so  fry." 

Rembrun,  quoted  by  IlalUiocll. 

FRYER.     A-:N'orm.  Brother.     Kelham. 

FUBBS.     A  corruption  of  Forbes  ? 

FUGGLE.  FUGGLES.  A-Sax./?<5-eZ, 
a  fowl.  In  some  instances  the  name  has 
taken  the  more  modern  form  of  Fowle. 

FULBROOK.  FULBROKE,  &c.  Pa- 
rishes in  cos.  Warwick,  Oxon,  &c. 

FULFORD.  Tlie  family  assert  a  Saxon 
origin,  and  are  said  to  have  held  Folefort, 
now  Great  Fulford,  co.  Devon,  temp.  Wil- 
liam I.  William  de  F.,  who  held  the  estate 
temp.  Eichard  I.  is  the  first  ascertained 
ancestor.  His  lineal  descendant,  Baldwin 
Fulford,  Esq.,  still  possesses  it.  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  JMen.  There  are  also 
places  called  Fulford  in  cos.  York  and 
Stafford. 

FULHAjNI.     a  town  in  Surrey. 

FULKE.  The  A-Norm.  personal  name 
Fulco. 

FULLALOVE.      FULLILOVE.     Qu. 

An  amorous  person — "  full  of  love  "'? 

FULLER.  One  who  thickens  and 
whitens  cloth.  The  H.E.  forms  of  the 
name  are  Le  Fuller  and  Le  Fullere,  and  the 
latinization  Fullo. 

FULLERTOX.  FULLARTON.  Ful- 
larton  is  a  burgh  and  estate  at  Irvine  in 
Ayrshire,  to  which  place  the  family  is 
traced  in  1371.     B.L.G. 

FULLJA^IES.  A  corruption  of  Fol- 
jambc. 


FULLWAY.  FuUaway,  a  tything  in 
Wiltshire. 

FULIVffiR.     A  parish  in  Bucks. 

FULTON.  An  extinct  border  village  In 
CO.  Roxburgh. 

FUL  WELL.     A  township  in  Durham, 

FULWOOD.  A  township  in  co.  Lan- 
caster, for  many  generations  the  seat  of  the 
family. 

FUNNELL.  This  name,  though  very 
common  in  Sussex,  is,  I  think,  rarely 
met  with  beyond  the  limits  of  that  county. 
I  will  hazard  a  conjecture  that  it  is  a  cor- 
ruption of  Fontenelle,  now  St.  Wandrille- 
sur-Seine,  in  Normandy,  an  ancient  barony, 
and  the  site  of  a  famous  monastery,  near 
Caudel)ec.  The  corruption  may  have  taken 
place  thus  : — Fontenelle,  Fonuell,  Funnell. 

FUNNS.     See  Eng.  Surn.  i.  66. 

FUNTNER.  "  Fontainier  or  Fontenier 
(celui  qui  a  soin  des  eaux  et  des  fontaines), 
water  bailiff;  lie  that  has  the  charge  of 
springs."  Boyer's  Diet.  The  Le  Fontur  of 
the  H.R.  is  probably  identical. 

FURBER.     See  Frobislier. 

FURBISHER.     See  Frobisher. 

FURLONG.    See  Furlonger. 

FURLONGER.       a     furlong,     A-Sax. 

furUoir/,  is  a  division  of  a  common  or 
tenantry  field.  It  may  have  been  the  duty 
of  the  "Furlonger  "  to  attend  to  the  boun- 
daries of  such  divisions. 

FURMINGER.  A  cheese-maker.  See 
Firminger.  A  Rob.  Formagicr,  an  Anselm 
le  Formgir,  and  a  Godfrey  le  Furmager  are 
found  in  H.R. 

FURNACE.  Probably  from  Furness, 
CO.  Lancaster,  celebrated  for  its  fine  mo- 
nastery ;  perhaps,  ho^vever,  from  residence 
near  some  great  iron-furnace,  before  tlio 
existing  method  of  smelting  that  metal  was 
introduced. 

FURNEAUX.  A  Norman  family  who 
came  either  from  Fom-neau-sur-Baise,  near 
Falaise,  or  from  Fourneaux-sur-Vire,  near 
St.  Lo.  They  gave  the  suffix  to  Pelham- 
Furneux,  co.  Herts. 

FURNELL.     See  Furneaux. 

TURNER.  Fr.  founiicr,  a  baker  or  lur- 
uace  man.  Fournier,  Dufour,  &c.,  are 
common  Fr.  surnames. 

FURNESS.  FURNISS.  Furness,  co. 
Lancaster ;  Init  see  Furnace. 

FURNIVALL.  Gerard  de  Fnrnival 
came  from  Normandy  into  England  temp. 
Richard  I.,  and  accompanied  that  monarch 
to  the  Holy  Land.  His  successors  were 
barons  by  tenure  and  ^vrit  for  several  des- 
cents. Fourneville,  the  place  in  Normandy 
from  which  the  name  appears  to  ha\'e  been 
derived,  is  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Hou- 
fleur. 

FURSDON.     An   estate  In  the  parish  of 


GAD 


123 


GAI 


Cadbury,  co.  Devon.  From  tlie  days  of 
Henry  III.,  if  not  from  au  earlier  period, 
the  family  liave  resided  at  tlie  i^lace  from 
whence  the  name  is  derived.  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

FURSE.  An  estate  in  the  pavisli  of 
Spreyton  was  possessed  liy  a  family  of  the 
same  name,  temp.  Ilichard  I.  They  cl.iimed 
descent  from  the  Ferseof  Domesd.,  but  the 
local  origin  is  sufficient.     See  B.L.G. 

FURZE.  Furse,  Ferse,  an  ancient  per- 
sonal surname.     Domesd. 

FUSMAN',  Perhaps  foot-man.  Germ. 
fiisz,  foot. 

FUSSELL.  Said  to  be  the  Italiaa 
Fuseli.     Fussel.     H.R. 

FUST.  This  nams  appears  in  the  ar- 
chives of  Switzerland,  Germany,  &c.,  in 
early  times,  in  the  various  forms  of  Faus- 
tus,  Faust,  Vaust,  First,  Furst,  Futz,  &c. 
Faust  or  Fust,   the    eminent    piinter    of 


Metz,  was  about  contemporary  with  the 
first  appearance  of  tire  name  in  Sussex,  but 
whether  there  was  any  connection  between 
the  English  and  the  continental  name  there 
is  no  evidence  to  show.  See  Kimber's  Ba- 
ronetage, ii.  255. 

FYFE.    FYFFE.    See  Fife. 

FYLER.  Probably  a  file-maker ;  or  per- 
haps a  spinner,  from  tlie  Fr.Jil,  a  thread. 

FYNES.     See  Fiennes. 

FYNHAGH.     See  Vinall. 

FYKN".    See  Finn. 

FYREBRAND.  Possibly  refers  to  a  man 
of  "  incendiary "  character,  but  is  more 
likely  an  ancient  inn  sign. 

FYSSHE.     An  O.  Eng.  orthography  of 

fish. 

FYTHELER.  A  fidiUer.  Le  Fytheler. 
Non.  Inq. 

FY"\r[E.    A  parish  in  co.  Aberdeen. 


Gr. 


(jTABB.  The  Loud.  Direct,  shews  us 
several  traders  gifted  with  this  patroupnic, 
which  Ferguson  thinks  derivable  from  the 
O.  High  German  r/e7}an,  to  give.  It  is  more 
probably  a  nick-name  of  Gabriel.  Or  it 
may  relate  to  loquacity,  for  the  A-Norm. 
gabber  means  to  jest  or  talk  idly.  "Wick- 
liffe  uses  fjahVing  in  the  sense  of  l)^ug  and 
jesting;  and  iu  the  H.R.  we  have  Le 
Gabber  as  a  surname. 

GABBETT.  The  Gabbetts  of  Cahirline, 
CO.  Limerick,  trace  an  English  lineage  to 
the  year  11:87.  The  name  is  probably  iden- 
tical with  Garbett  and  Garbutt. 

GABLE.  Possibly  a  corruption  of 
Gabriel. 

GABRIEL.  A  personal  name  borrowed 
from  the  celestial  hierarchy, 

GABY.  In  many  dialects  a  silly  fellow. 
More  probably  a  nick-name  of  Gabriel. 

GAD.  GADD.  A-Sax.  gad,  a  goad  or 
spear.     Halliwell  quotes  from  an  old  MS. : 

"  And  hys  axes  .ilso  smeten, 
With  gaddes  of  stele  that  made  them  to  hetjii." 

GADSBY.     Gaddesby,  a   parish   in  co. 

Leicester. 
GADSDEN.     GADESDEK.     Gaddcs- 

den,  two  parishes  in  co.  Herts. 


GAEL.  The  Gaels  of  Charlton- Kings 
CO.  Gloucester,  have  written  themselves,  at 
various  periods,  "  Galle,  Gale,  Gael,  and 
originally  De  Gales."  B.L.G.  If  this  be 
correct,  the  family  ma}'  have  been  of  Welsh 
origin  in  Anglo-Norman  times,  when  that 
country  was  known  as  Galles  or  Gales. 

GAFFER.  A  provincialism  for  Grand- 
father. 

GAGE.  The  oldest  copy  of  the  so-called 
Battel  Abbey  Roll  mentions  a  De  Gaugy 
or  Gage  as  having  come  into  England  at 
the  time  of  the  Conquest.  He  settled  in 
the  forest  of  Dean,  and  his  descendants 
were  ennobled.  Banks,  i.  89.  "  Modem 
Heralds  trace  the  genealogy  of  the  family 
of  Gage,  now  flourishing  in  the  rank  of  the 
peerage,  from  this  ancient  stock."  Ibid, 
p.  87. 

GAICOTE.  The  first  of  this  name  was 
probably  a  medieval  fop. 

GALN".     GAINES.    Gain.    H.R. 

GAINER.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Gaymer. 

GAJNSFORD.  GAYNESFORD.  This 
ancient  Surrey  family  are  alleged,  I  know 
not  on  what  authority,  to  have  originated 
at  Gainford,  a  great  parish  in  co.  Durham. 


GAL 


124 


GAP 


If  so,  theiv  migi-ation  soutliwfird  must  have 

been  earlj^  as  they  were  in  their  southern 

habitat  temp.  Edwd.  II. 
GAIRDNER.     A  local  pronunciation  of 

Gardener. 
GAIRNS.     The  Gairn  is  a  small  river  of 

Aberdeenshire. 
GAISFORD.    The  same  as  Gainsford. 
GAIT.    See  Gate. 

GALABESr.  Perhaps  the  same  as 
Galjiin. 

GALBRAITII.  A  Celtic  family  of  re- 
mote antiquity,  formerly  settled  at  Balder- 
noch  in  Stirlingshire.  "The  Galbraiths 
are  called  in  the  Celtic  language  Breatanuich 
or  Clann  a  Breatanuich,  i.e.  Britons,  or  the 
children  of  the  Briton.  They  were  once  a 
great  name  in  Scotland,  according  to  the 
following  lines : — 

"  Bhreatanuicli,  o'n  Talla  dhearg 
Hailse  sir  Aiba  do  shloinneadli." 

That  is  :— 

"  Galbraitlis  from  the  Ecd  Tower, 
Noblest  of  Scottish  siu-names." 

Fi-aser's  Statist.  Account. 

Gale. 


Highlander. 


GALE.    A  Scottish 
H.R.     See,  however,  Gael. 

GALER,     Perhaps  the  same  as  Gaylord. 

GALL.  An  ancient  personal  name.  Two 
saints  Galle  occur  in  the  Roman  Calendar, 
one  of  whom  Avas  a  Scotch  abbot. 

GALLAND.  The  name  of  a  locality  im- 
known  to  me,  whence  belike  Gallon. 

GALLANT.  R.G.  16.  Brave  in  war. 
Galaunt,  H.R. 

GALLARD.  See  Gaylord.  ILR.  Gallard. 
GALLAWAY.     See  Galloway. 

GALLON.  O.  ISTorse  gallhr,  crazy.  Fer- 
guson. The  H.R.  forms  are  Galien,  Galiuu, 
Gallon,  Galun,  and  Galeyn. 

GALhOT.  Probably  local— the  last 
syllable  being  a  coiTuption  of  hope — Gal- 
hope. 

GALLOWAY.  An  extensive  district 
forming  the  S.W.  corner  of  Scotland.  The 
surname  is  written  in  the  H.R.,  Galaway 
and  Galewey. 

GiVLLOWS.  From  residence  near  a 
place  of  public  execution ;  or  perhaps  the 
hangman  himself. 

GALEY.  GALLEY.  Scandinavian 
surnames,  which  Ferguson  deduces  from 
(/dli,  crazy. 

GALPIN.  A  corruption  of  IMac  Alpin, 
thus  Mac  Calpin,  CalpLn,  Galpin.  See  under 
Mac, 

GALT.  O.  ISTorse  gait!;  O.  Eng.  gait; 
a  boar  pig,  like  the  Roman  Verres.  The 
word  is  still  retained  in  the  North  of  Eng- 
land.    See  Halliwell. 

GALTON.  A  small  hamlet  in  Dorset- 
shire, Avhich  was  held  by  tlie  De  Gallons  at 
an  early  period. 


GALWEY.  GALL^^^Y.  From  the 
town  of  Galway  in  Ireland — one  of  the  veiy 
few  local  surnames  that  have  originated  in 
that  country.  The  family  are  a  branch  of 
De  Burgh.  John  de  B.,  younger  brother  of 
Ulick  de  B.,  ancestor  of  the  Marquis  of 
Clauricarde,  having  accredited  the  bills  of 
the  citizens  of  Galway,  was  commonly 
known  as  Sir  John  de  Galway.  From  this 
personage  descended  the  extinct  baronets 
Gallwey,  and  the  existing  Galweys  of  Lota, 
CO.  Cork. 

GAJMBLE.  Gamel  occurs  both  in 
Domesday  and  iu  the  H.R.  In  the  latter 
'  Fils  Gamel'  is  also  found.  A.S.  gamol  or 
gamd,  old,  aged.  It  is  compounded  with 
some  Domesd.  names,  as  Gamel-bar,  '  old 
bear' — Gamel-carle,  'old  male,' — both  in 
CO.  York.  Gamblesby  in  Cumlierland, 
probably  derived  its  name  from  a  Danish 
proprietor. 

GAMBLING.  H.R.  Gamelin  and  De 
Gameling. 

GAME.  Gam  was  a  Yorkshire  tenant 
prior  to  Domesday. 

^^W"  GAME.  A  corruption  of  the  termina- 
tion llAii,  when  ti  G  precedes ;  thus, 
Walkingham  becomes  Walkingnme 
(well  known  to  school-boys),  and  All- 
inghaiu,  Allengame. 

GA]\IMON.  Apparently  an  old  personal 
name.  Gamen,  Gamon,  &c.,  are  found  in 
H.R.  without  prolix. 

GAND.  A  corruption  of  Ghent  or 
Gaunt. 

GANDEE.     See  Gaudy. 

GANDER.  The  bird.  The  name  of  the 
celebrated  Genseric,  the  Vandal  chief,  is  be- 
lieved to  be  Teutonic,  and  to  signify  like  the 
modern  Germ.  gansericJi,  a  gander.  Wliy 
(as  Prof.  Donaldson  remarks)  a  great  war- 
rior should  liear  such  a  name  is  not  very 
obvious ;  "  but,  if  anyone  feels  disposed  to 
smile  at  such  a  title,  he  may  correct  the  im- 
pression b)'  recollecting  that  names  of  birds 
are  not  always  imposed  on  the  principles 
suggested  by  our  modern  associations." 
Cambridge  Essays,  1856,  p.  42.  The  professor 
proceeds  to  exemjjlify  his  observ-ation  in 
Attila's  chief  opponent,  Actius,  'the  aquiline,' 
synonjanous  with  Orloff,  the  name  of  the 
Russian  plenipotentiary  at  the  Congress  of 
Paris.  In  like  manner  Woronzow,  a  name 
equally  well  known  in  recent  history,  means 
"raven  like;"  and  the  classical  as  well  as 
the  modern  nomenclature  of  families  sup- 
plies us  with  nmnerous  analogies.  It  must 
not  be  forgotten,  however,  that  gandr  in  O. 
Norse  means  a  wolf 

GANDY.  Ferguson  says,  O.  Norse 
gandr,  a  wolf. 

GANT.  See  Gaunt.  Le  Gaut  and  De 
Gant.    H.R. 

GANTLETT.     See  Gauntlett. 

GAPP.  From  residence  near  some  gap 
or  pass.  In  the  chalky  cliffs  of  Sussex 
many  places  are  so  called,  as  Birling  Gap, 


GAR 


GAT 


Crowlink  Gap,  Cow  Gap— some  of  which 
were  defended  by  iron  portcullises.  The 
original  Mr.  Gapp  was  prohabl)'  stationed 
near  one  of  these.  Gappe  and  Del  Gap. 
H.R. 
GARBETT.     See  Garbutt. 

GARBUTT.  From  the  Flemish  personal 
name  Gherbode.  Georbodus,  a  Fleming, 
was  created  earl  of  Chester  by  the  Con- 
queror, and  a  Gerbodo,  probably  of  that 
nation,  occm's  in  the  Domesd.  of  York- 
shire. 

GARD.  Fr.  A  guard.  See  Ward.  Le 
Gard  and  Le  Garder.   H.R. 

GARDEN.  From  residence  iu  or  near 
one.     See  Gardener. 

GARDENER.  The  occupation.  Its  forms 
in  the  H.R.  are  Le  Gardener  and  Le  Gardi- 
ner ;  also  De  Gardiuo  and  De  Gardinis.  Its 
principal  modern  forms  are  Gardiner,  which 
according  to  Camden's  joke  denotes  the  gen- 
tleman I  (E.  Surn.  i.  118)  and  the  more 
plebeian  Gardner:  Gardener  itself  is  rare. 

GARDINER.     See  Gardener. 

GARDNER.    See  Gardener. 

GARDYNE.  The  0.  Scottish  form  of 
Garden.  It  is  asserted  that  the  Gardynes, 
Jardyncs,  Gardens,  and  Jerdaus  are  one  and 
the  same  family.  The  Gairdynes  of  that 
Ilk,  CO.  Forfar,  are  described  by  a  writer  of 
IGGO  or  1(370,  as  a  very  ancient  race. 
B.L.G. 

GARFORD.     A  chapelry  in  Berkshire. 

GARLAND.  A  local  surname,  but  I 
cannot  find  the  place.  John  de  Garlande, 
author  of  the  Dictionarius,  flourished  in 
the  XII.  and  XIII.  cent.  Though  a  pro- 
fessor at  Paris,  he  was  an  Englishman  by 
birth.  See  Wright's  Vocab.  p.  1 20.  Ger- 
land,  the  first  mathematical  writer  in  Eng- 
land after  the  Conquest,  was  living  in  1086, 
but  whether  he  was  of  English  birtli  is  un- 
certain. Garlond,  Garland,  and  Gerlaundes 
occur  in  the  H.  R.,  without  prefix. 

The  family  have  long  possessed  lands  in  Essex, 
Surrey,  Lincolnshire,  and  Sussex.  James  Garland, 
Esq.,  who  was  born  in  176S,  gave  to  his  dangliter 
and  heiress  "a  property  at  Penhurst,  in  the  last- 
named  county,  wliich  was  granted  to  the  family  hy 
King  John,  and  of  wliich  the  original  grant  is  the  only 
title  deed."    B.L.G. 

GARLTCK.  In  the  H.R.,  Garlec,  which 
looks  like  a  sobriquet :  otherwise  it  might 
be  a  contraction  of  Garlwick,  the  name  of  a 
jilace. 

GARMAN.  A-Sax.  gar,  a  spear,  and 
mnn.    A  spearman. 

GAR^IENT.  A  corruption  of  the  A- 
Sax.  personal  name   Garmund.     Cod.  Dipl. 

978. 

GARNAULT.  A  French  Protestant 
family,  who  settled  in  England  at  the  Re- 
vocation of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 

GARNER.  1.  A  granary  or  storehouse. 
From  residence  at  one.  2,  A  small  river 
tributary  to  the  Wye. 


GARNET.  GARNETT.  Said  to  be  a 
corruption  of  Gernet. 

GARNIIAjNI.  a  contraction  of  Garden- 
ham,  "  The  garden  homestead." 

GARRARD.  GARRAD.  Gerard, 
Gerald. 

GARRETT.  GARRATT.  It  has  been 
decided  legally  (!)  that  Garrett  and  Gerald 
are  but  one  name.  Jacob,  Law  Diet.,  title 
Mixnomer.  But  Garrett  is  a  hamlet  iu 
Surrey,  famous  for  its  mock-mayor. 

G ARR rCK.  A  parish  united  with  Ileck- 
ington,  CO.  Lincoln.  David  Garrick  is  said 
to  have  been  of  French  refugee  extrac- 
tion, 

GARRISON.  A  corruption  of  Garriston, 
a  township  of  Yorkshire. 

GARROD.     GARROOD.    See  Garrett. 

GARROW.  Probably  local  ;  but  Arthur 
derives  it  from  the  British  garo,  fierce,  keen, 
rough. 

GARSTANG.     A  town  in  Lancashire. 

GARSTIN.  The  O.  Norse  personal 
name,  Geirsteinn,  which  is  found  iu  the 
Landnamabok.     Ferg. 

GARTH.  A  yard,  or  any  small  enclosure. 
Also  places  in  cos.  Montgomery  and  Gla- 
morgan. It  is  a  prefix  to  several  names  of 
places. 

GARTON.     Two  parishes  in  co.  York. 

GARTSHORE.  An  estate  in  co.  Perth, 
which  has  still  owners  of  the  same  name. 

GARVEY.  The  Irish  family  deduce 
themselves  from  the  ancient  monarchs  of 
that  island,  through  Garbhe  or  Garvey,  that 
is  "  The  Warlike,"'  Prince  of  Morisk,  co. 
j\Iayo,  in  the  ^Y.  cent.    B.L.G. 

GARVIE.     See  Garvey. 

GAR  WAY.  GARRAWAY.  A  parish 
in  CO.  Hereford. 

GASCOIGNE.  GASCOYNE.  A  native 
of  Gascony,  the  French  province,  which 
being  in  the  possession  of  England,  during 
a  portion  of  the  XIV.  cent.,  supplied  this 
country  with  many  nc-w  families  and  names. 
See  Ducatus  Leodiensis,  p.  ISl,  for  the 
twenty  spellings  of  this  name.  The  heads 
of  the  family  were  all  Williams,  the  coura- 
geous Chief-Justice  who  sent  Prince  Henry 
to  prison  being  one. 

GASELEE.     See  Gazeley. 

G^^SKELL.  Arthur  says,  Gael,  gaisq-cil, 
valorous. 

GASKIN.    GASKOIN.    See  Gascoiane. 

GASSON.  Fr.  ga7-goni  ^  ^oji  ov  atten- 
dant. 

GASTON.     I.  A  grassy  enclosure.     A- 

Sax.,  g{vrs,  grass,  and  ti(7i,  an  enclosure. 
De  la  Garstou.  H.R.  2.  A  baptismal 
name,  as  Gaston  de  Foix. 

GATACRE.  A  family  of  great  antiquity, 
said  to  have  been  established  at  Gatacre, 


GAW 


126 


GEE 


CO.  Salop  (-where  they  still  reside)  by 
Edward  the  Confessor.  The  pedigree,  how- 
ever, is  not  traced  beyond  the  time  of  Henry 
III.     Sliirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

GATE.  From  residence  near  either  the 
gate  of  a  fortified  town,  or  of  a  chase,  forest, 
or  the  like.  Its  medieval  forms  are  Ate 
Gate  and  Atte  Gate,  which  have  since  the 
XV.  cent,  modified  to  Agate,  Gater,  and  es- 
pecially to  Gates,  now  one  of  the  commonest 
of  surnames.  In  North  Britain  (jatc  is 
equivalent  to  way ;  as  in  the  phrase,  "Gang 
your  Gate"  for  "Go  your  way."  See 
also  Northgate,  Southgate,  &c.  De  la  Gate, 
de  Gate,  and  Le  Gater,  occur  in  the  H.R. 

GATEHOUSE.  From  residence  at  the 
gatehouse  of  a  monastery,  castle,  or  town. 

GATER.     See  Gate,  and  the  termination 

EK. 

GATES.    See  Gate. 

GATH.     A  corruption  of  Garth. 

GATHERCOLB.   GATIIERCOAL.   A 

gatherer  or  collector  of  coals  ?  or  of  coles 
(cabbage)  1 

GATHERGOOD.  As  the  opposite  name 
Scattergood  exists,  I  suppose  this  must 
be  taken  literally  for  a  person  of  acquisitive 
and  thrifty  habits.  Tliomas  Gadregod 
occurs  in  the  Deeds  of  Battel  Abbey,  XIII. 
cent. 

GATUS.     A  corruption  of  Gatehouse. 

GATWARD.  Gate-ward,  a  porter  or 
gatekeeper. 

GAUDY.  Slay  relate  to  foppery  in 
attire,  but  is  more  likely  to  be  of  local 
origin.     See  Gawdy. 

GAUNT.  Like  John,  fourth  son  of  Ed- 
ward III.,  some  families  of  this  surname 
evidently  derive  it  from  the  town  of  Gaunt, 
now  Ghent,  in  Flanders.  De  Gaunt  and 
Le  Gaunt  are  both  found  in  the  H.R.;  tlie 
latter  form  is  probal;>ly  from  the  personal 
peculiarity  of  the  iirst  bearer.  Shakspeare 
makes  John  of  Gaunt  play  upon  his  own 
name  in  Richard  II.  in  tliis  sense : — 

"  oh,  liow  my  name  befits  my  composition ! 
Old  Gaunt,  indeed,  and  gaunt  in  being'  old  ; 
Witiiin  me  grief  has  kept  a  tedious  fast ; 
ATid  who  abstains  from  meat  that  is  not  gannt  ? 
For  sleeping  England  long  time  have  I  watched  ; 
Watching  breeds  leanness  ;  leanness  is  all  gatint." 

Gilbert  de  Gand  or  Gant,  a  great  Domesd. 
tenant,  was  son  of  Baldwin,  Earl  of  Flan- 
ders, whose  sister  William  tlie  Conqueror 
married.     Dugdale,  i.  100. 

GAUNTLETT.  An  iron  glove.  Perhaps 
adopted  from  some  incident  of  war. 

GAUSSEN.  The  family  migrated  to 
England  at  the  Eev.  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 
The  last  survivor  of  the  French  line,  the 
Chevalier  de  Gaussen,  long  ambassador  at 
the  court  of  Berlin,  died  at  Paris  about  the 
year  1851.  Another  branch  is  resident  at 
Geneva.     B.L.G. 

GAVIN.     See  Gawen. 

GAWDY.  Local.  Gawdy  Hall,  co. 
Norfolk. 


GAWEN.  GAWAN.  A  Welsh  and  O. 
Scotch  personal  name.  "  The  Gawens  of 
Norrington,  in  the  parish  of  Alvideston, 
continued  in  that  place  four  hundred  fifty 
and  odd  yeares.  On  the  south  downe  of 
the  farme  of  Broad  Chalke  is  a  little  barrow 
called  Gawen's  Barrow,  which  must  bee 
before  ecclesiastical lawes  were  established." 
Aubrey's  Nat.  Hist.  Wiltshire,  edit.  Britton, 
p.  121.  Sir  Gawayn  is  one  of  the  fabulous 
heroes  of  ancient  chivalry,  and  nephew  of 
King  Arthur. 

GAY.  O.  Fr.  §•«?",  cheerful,  merry.  A 
Be  Gay  is  found  in  H.R.  (co.  Oxon);  but 
Le  Gai  and  Le  Gey  are  more  common. 

GAYER.  Perhaps  the  Gare  of  the  Wilt- 
shire Domesday. 

GAYLER.    A  jailor.    In  the  H.R.  Le 

Gayeler,  Gayliu",  and  Gayolir. 

GAYLORD.  "Has  no  reference  to 
aristocratical  gaieties,  but  means  simijly 
jovial  or  jolly."  B.  Surn.  i.  145.  See 
AVright's  Chaucer,  4364  :— 

!'  A  prentys  dwelled  whilom  in  our  citee, 
And  of  the  craft  of  vitaillers  was  he ; 
Oai/ktrd  he  was  as  goldfjiiche  in  a  scliawe, 
Brown  as  a  bery,  and  a  proper  felawe." 

Gaillard,  as  a  family  name,  is  Avell  known 
in  Normandy,  and  is  borne  as  an  affix  by 
the  Chateau-Gaillard,  and  by  Gaillard-Bois, 
two  communes  in  the  arroudissement  of 
vVndeli. 

GAYMER.  Apparently  a  personal  or 
baptismal  name,  which  at  an  early  period 
became  a  surname.  Geoffrey  Gaimar,  the 
well-known  Ang.-Norm.  trouvb'e,  or  ro- 
mantic poet,  bore  it  about  the  middle  of  the 
XII.  cent.  See  Wright's  Edit,  of  his  Metr. 
Cliron.  London,  1850. 

GAYTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Chester,  Norfolk,  Northampton,  Stafford, 
Lincoln,  &c. 

GAYWOOD.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

GAZE.  Mr.  Ferguson  refers  it  to  an 
Old  German  personal  name,  Gaiso,  which 
Forstmann  derives  from  gais,  ger,  a  spear. 

GAZELEY.     GAZELLE.    A  parish  in 

Suffolk. 

GEAR,  The  origin  assigned  in  Eng. 
Sum.  i.  133,  is  hardly  tenable.  There  is  an 
estate  so  called  in  the  parish  of  St.  Earth, 
CO.  Cornwall, 

GEARING.     See  Geering. 

GEARY.  An  old  personal  name.  Uxor 
Geri  was  atenant-in-chief  inco.  Gloucester. 
Domesd.     Geiy,  Geri.     Domesd. 

GEDDES.  Several  places  in  Scotland 
are  called  Geddes-hill,  Geddeston,  Geddes- 
wcll,  &c.  Hence  Gedde  is  probably  a  per- 
sonal name.  According  to  the  Statistical 
Account  of  Scotland,  the  family  of  Geddes, 
of  Eachan  in  Peeblesshire,  have  possessed 
that  estate  for  1,300  j'ears  ! 

GEE.     The  Celtic  ]\rac  Gee,  sans  Mac. 

GEELE.  Dutch.  Yellow— probably  with 
reference  to  the  bearer's  hair  or  costume. 


GER 


127 


GEERE.     GEER.     See  Gear. 
GEERING.     The  A-Sax.  personal  name. 

The  Domesd.  of  Hants  gives  us  a  Gerin, 

and  that  of  "Warwick,  a  Gerinus. 
GEESON.     The  anglicised  form  of  Mac 

Gee. 
GELL.       The    classical    name    Gellius, 

through  the  French. 
GENESE.     A  Genoese? 
GENN.     This  name,   which  is   Cornish, 

and  rare,  is  believed  to  lie  the  Celtic  form 

(or  rather  root)  of  Planta-^t-M-ista,  broom. 

The  G  is  sounded  hard. 
GENOURE.     The  same  as  Jenner. 

GEiSTOWER.  Seems  about  half  vray 
between  Genoure  and  Genoa,  but  is  pro- 
bably neither. 

GEjSTT.     Anglo-Xorman.  Neat;   pretty; 
gallant;  courteous;  noble.  Halliwell.   Gent 
H.R.     Perhaps,  however,  from  the  city  of 
Ghent  in  Flanders.     The   Gents  of  Moyns 
Park.  CO.  Essex,  were  of  AVymbush  in  that 
CO.  in  1328,   but  obtained  their  present  set- 
tlement by  marriage  with  the  heiress   of 
Moyne,  or' Moyns,  mthe  following  century. 
Morant's  Essex,  ii.  353.     Shirley's  Noble 
and  Geutle  Men. 
GENTLE.     From  disposition. 
GENTLEi\L\N.     Joh.  Gentilman,   and 
Nichs.  Gentilman  occur  in  H.R. 
GENTRY.     Probably  local. 
GEOFFREY.     See  Jeflfery. 

GEORGE.  The  personal  name.  Unlike 
most  names  of  its  class,  it  seems  not  to  have 
given  rise  to  any  diminutive  or  derivative. 

GERARD.  A  Norman  personal  name, 
probably  identical  with  Gerald.  In  the 
H.R.  it  is  written  Fil'  Gerardi.  The  baronet's 
family  derive  their  origin  from  the  same 
ancestor  as  the  Dukes  of  Leiuster  and  many 
other  noble  houses,  viz.,  from  Other,  Cas- 
tellan of  AViudsor,  temp.  Edw.  Confessor, 
whose  grandson  Gerard,  or  Gerald,  had  a 
son  William  Fitz-Gerard,  who  founded  the 
Cheshire  and  Lancashire  Gerards.  The  fa- 
mily have  possessed  Bryu,  in  the  latter 
county,  uuiuterruptedly  from  temp.  Edw. 
III.     Courthope's  Debrett. 

GERISON.  Is  used  for  Margerison  at 
Eckingtou,  co.  Derby.  It  is  curious  that 
at  the  same  place  there  have  been  Megsons 
and  Moxons— perhaps  all  descended  from 
one  and  the  same  IMargery.  See  Female 
Names,  &c. 

GERMAN.  GER^IxUNE.  Lat.  ger- 
imnus;  of  the  same  stock;  a  near  kmsmau  ; 
thus  we  say  cousin-german  for  first-cousin. 
As  a  personal  name  it  is  of  great  antiquity 
in  Britain,  dating  from  St.  German,  the  suc- 
cessful opponent  of  the  Pelagian  heresy  in 
the  fifth  century.  Possibly  in  some  m- 
stances  it  is  derived  from  the  country,  like 
French,  Irish,  &c. 

GERNET.     The  house  of  G.  of  Lanca- 


GID 

shire  were  descended  from  Sh-  Roger  G., 
hereditary  forester  of  Lancashire,  temp. 
Heu.  Ill — the  male  representative  of  a 
great  Norman  family.    Omerod,  Misc.  Pal. 

GERNON.  Robert  dc  Gernon  came  into 
England  with  the  Conqueror,  and  his 
descendant,  Ralph  de  Gernon,  temp.  Hen. 
II.,  had  two  sons:  1.— Ralph,  ancestor  of 
the  Gernons  and  Cavendishes  of  England  ; 
and  2. — Roger,  who  accompanied  Strong- 
l>ow  into  Ireland,  and  became  progenitor  of 
the  Irish  Gernons  still  subsisting  at  Ath- 
carne  Castle,  co.  Meath.  Of  the  locality  of 
Gernon,  whence  at  the  Conquest  the  family 
came,  I  am  ignorant ;  but  it  appears  not  to 
be  in  Normandy.     Gernun,  Gernoun.  H.R. 

GERRANS,     A  parish  in  Cornwall. 

GERRARD.     See  Gerard. 

GERRETT.     See  Gerard. 

GERVAIS.  The  French  form  of  the  per- 
sonal name  Gervasius,  which  we  have  cor- 
rupted to  Jarvis.  The  family  of  Gervais  of 
Cecil,  CO.  Tyrone,  descend  from  Jean  G. 
of  Tournon  in  Guienne,  whose  two  sons,  at 
the  Rev.  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  fled  into 
England. 

GERVIS.     See  Gervais,  Jervis,  &c. 
GEST.     An  old  spelling  of  Guest. 
GIBB.     GIBBE.     GIBBES.      GIBBS. 
Diminutives  of  the  Norman  personal  name 
Gislebertus,  or  Gilbert.  According  to  B.L.G. 
several  of  the  gentry  families  of  this  name, 
viz.,  those  of  Belmont,  co.   Somerset;  Al- 
deuham,  co.  Herts ;  Tyntesfiekl,  co.  Somer- 
set ;   and   apparently   those  of  Derry,   co. 
Cork,    are   descended   from   two  Ijrothers, 
Gibbe  or  Gibbes,  temp.  Richard  II.,  one  of 
whom  Avas   settled  at  Honiugton,  co.  War- 
wick,   and  the  other  at  Fenton,  co.  Devon. 
Jeukin  Gibbes,  temp.  Henry  VII.,  a  scion 
of  the  house  of  Fenton,  whose  descendants 
were  of  Elmerstouo,  co.  Kent,  possessed  an 
ancient  roll  deducing  the  family  from  Nor- 
mandy, where  they  were  resident  long  be- 
fore the  Conquest  of  Eugland.  B.L.G.   The 
identity  of  this  name  with  the  Fr.  De  Guibes 
has  not  been  established,  nor  is  it  at  all 
probable. 

GIBBARD.     GIBBERD.     See  Gilbert. 
GIBBINGS.     See  Gilbert. 
GIBBON.      GIBBONS.       GIBBENS. 
See  Gilbert. 

GIBBONSON.     See  Gilbert. 
GIBSON.     See  Gilbert. 
GIDDEN.     A  corruption  of  Gideon. 

GIDDING.  GIDDINGS.  Gidding, 
parishes  in  cos.  Huntingdon  and  Suffolk. 

GIDDY.  An  ancient  Cornish  family, 
formerly  written  Gedy,  Geddey,  Gidey,  &c. 
Possibly  a  nurse-name  of  Gideon. 

GIDEON.     The  personal  name. 

GIDLEY.  A  parish  in  Devonshire. 
Gidley  Castle,  a  fragmentary  ruin,  still  be- 
longs to  the  family. 


GIL 


128 


GIL 


GIFFORD.  GIFFARD.  The  old  his- 
torical  Gifl'ards  of  Normandy  and  England 
descended  from  the  De  Bollebecs,  who  were 
connected  by  marria^^e  with  Richard  I., 
Duke  of  Noi-mandy.  Walter,  son  of  Osborne 
de  Bollebec,  though  surnamed  "  Giffard," 
or  "  the  Liberal,"  seems  also  to  have  been 
conservatwe  in  the  acquisition  and  retention 
of  lands;  for  he  got  not  only  the  fair  domain 
of  Longueville,  near  Dieppe,  from  Eichard 
II.  of  Normandy,  ^vho  created  him  Count 
de  Longueville,  but  also  the  Earldom  of 
Buckingham,  with  above  a  hundred  manors 
in  various  counties  of  England,  from  Wil- 
liam I.,  whom  he  had  accompanied  to  the 
Conquest  of  this  country.  In  Leland's  time 
there  were  four  "notable  houses"  of  Gifibrd 
remaining  in  England,  in  the  cos.  of  Devon, 
Southampton,  Staflbrd,  and  Buckingham. 
At  the  present  time  the  only  one  of  these 
existing  is  the  Staffordshire  family,  whose 
ancestor  married  the  heiress  of  Corbosone, 
temp.  King  Stephen,  and  thus  became  Lord 
of  Chillington,  which  has  ever  since  been 
the  abode  of  his  posterity.  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men  of  England. 

GILBART.  GILBURD.  Corruptions 
of  Gilbert. 

GILBERT.  A  personal  name,  largely 
introduced  at  the  Norman  Conquest,  in  the 
form  of  Gislebertus.  See  Domesd.  jMSsim. 
It  is  not  only  a  very  common  surname, 
but  has  given  birtJi  to  Gi1:))i,  Gibbs,  Gybbes, 
Gibbard,  Gibbings,  Gibbousou,  Gibson, 
Gill,  Gilks,  Gilpin,  and  many  othei'S. 

GILDER.     The  occupation. 

GILDERSLEEVES.  Tliis  queer  name 
is  found  in  the  Registrar  General's  cabinet 
of  oddities,  and  is  doubtless  identical  with 
that  which  was  borne  by  the  Roger  Gyld- 
enesleve  of  the  H.R.  Did  he,  or  some  ances- 
tor, wear  sleeves  largely  embroidered  with 
gold  ? 

GILES.     The  baptismal  name. 

GILKS.  See  Gilbert.  This  name  was  so 
common  in  the  northern  part  of  Oxford- 
shire in  the  last  century,  that,  on  the  enclo- 
sure, in  1774-,  of  some  lands  in  the  parish 
of  Swalcliffe,  it  was  necessary  to  describe 
six  claimants  thus  : — 

1.  Thomas  Addcrbury  Gilks  (iirobably  from  some 
connection  -nitli  tlie  parisli  of  Adderbury). 

2.  Tliomas  Gilks,  of  the  Slat-house  (a  house  covered 
with  slate). 

3.  Thomas  Gilks,  at  the  Vme  (a  >ine  covered  the 
fi'ont  of  liis  residence). 

4.  Thomas  Shoemaker  Gilks  (from  his  business). 

5.  Thomas  Gilks,  at  the  Well  (fi'om  contiguity  to 
tlie  village  well?). 

C:  Thomas  Sweetbriar  Gillcs  (from  a  sweet-briar  or 
eglantine  wth  which  his  cottage  was  ovei'grown). 

At  a  somewhat  earlier  period  (1754)  five  Thomas 
Gilks  voted  at  a  contested  election  in  respect  of  pro- 
perty in  the  same  parish.     Inf.  D.  D.  Hopkjiis,  Esq. 

GILL.  1.  See  Gilbert.  2.  This  word 
occurs  singly  as  a  surname,  and  also  with 
many  compounds,  as  Asgill,  Pickersgill, 
Dowgill,  Gilham,  Gilby,  &c.  It  either  sig- 
nifies a  narrow  pelibly  rivulet  in  a  ravine, 
or  is  a  diminutive  of  Gilbert.  According  to 
B.L.G.  the  Gills  of  Devonshire  have  pos- 


sessed lands  in  that  county  ever  since  the 
reign  of  King  Stephen. 

Of  the  1  larony  of  Gilsland  in  Cumberland, 
Camden  thus  speaks: — "A  tract  so  cut  or 
mangled  with  lirooks,  or  so  full  of  rivulets, 
tliat  I  should  suppose  it  to  have  taken  its 
name  from  those  ffills,  had  I  not  read  in 
the  register  of  Lanercost  church,  that  one 
Gill,  son  of  Bueth,  who  in  the  charter  of 
Henry  II.  is  also  called  Gilbert,  anciently 
held  it,  and  probably  left  his  name  to  it." 
To  this  Gough  adds  : — "  Gilsland  might 
also  take  its  name  from  Hubert  de  Vaux, 
since  DeVallibus  and  Gills  mean  the  same." 
But  this  is  an  inversion  of  the  proper  order 
of  things,  for  tlie  name  De  Vallibus  or  Vaux 
was  borrowed  from  these  ff'dls.     See  Vaux. 

GILLARD.     Probably  one  of  the  many 

modifications  of  William,  which  see. 

GILLBANKS.  In  old  family  records 
Ghylbanke.  Gilbauk,  a  small  hamlet  in 
CO.  Cumberland,  in  which  county  the  family 
still  reside. 

GILLEANRIAS.  Gael.  The  servant 
of  St.  Andrew.     See  Gill. 

GILLEBRIDE.  Gael.  The  servant  of 
St.  Bridget.     See  Gill. 

GILLEIMORE.  The  bearer  of  the 
broadsword  to  a  Scottish  chief. 

GILLER.     See  Gill,  and  the  termination 

ER. 

GILLESPIE.  A  corruption  of  Gille- 
Esjniauj,  Gaelic,  "the  Servant  of  the 
Bishop."  It  was  originally  spelt  Gillespie, 
and  frequentlj^  emploj'ed  in  the  Highlands 
as  a  Christian  name. 

GILLET.  (in  jjronunciation  Jillet.) 
The  name  is  supposed  to  be  derived  from 
Gilleste,  a  town  on  the  borders  of  France 
and  Piedmont.  Inf.  Rev.  Edw.  Gillet. 
When  tlie  G  is  hard,  the  name  is  probably 
a  derivation  of  Guillaume,  William. 

GILLETT.     See  Gillet. 

GILLIAM.     See  William. 

GILLIATT.     See  William. 

GILLIE,     A  menial  servant.     Jaraicson. 

GILLIES.  Gael.  Gille  Jesa,  the  Ser- 
vant or  Follower  of  Jesus  ;  "  a  youth  under 
the  protection  of  Jesus."  .Johnstoue'.s 
Anecd.  of  Olave  the  Black.    1780. 

GILLING.  Two  wapentakes  and  a 
parish  in  Yorkshire.     De  Gilling.     H.R. 

GILLINGIIARL  Parishes  in  cos.  Dor- 
set, Kent,  and  Norfollc. 

GILLMAN.  Probably  derived  from 
Gill,  in  its  topographical  meaning,  like 
Mihnan  from  Mill,  and  Hillman  from  Hill. 
The  Irish  family  (originally  from  England 
in  IG'JO)  have  a  tradition  of  their  descent 
from  a  Crusader  who  cut  off  the  right  leg  of 
a  Saracen — an  event  supposed  to  he  com- 
memorated in  the  family  arms.     B.L.G. 

GII/i\LA.jSr.  I  sliould  have  said — from 
residence  near  a  Gill,  q.  v. ;  but  both  Dixon 
and  Arthur  arc  agaiu^it  me.   Mr.  D.  derives 


GIF 


129 


GLA 


Gillot,   Gil- 
See  Gilroy. 
See  Gillniore. 

GILMORE.  See  Gillmore. 
Gael.     The    Servant    of 


it.  from  the  Fr.  surname,  ViUema'ut,  which 
latter  he  (iucorreotly)  makes  a  climinutivc 
of  Guillaume,  William.  Mr.  A.  states  that 
"  the  Gillmans  are  said  to  have  come  from 
the  province  of  Maiuc,  with  William  the 
Conqueror,  and  to  have  settled  iii  Essex." 
See  preceding  article. 

GILLMORE.  Gael.  Gille-mohr,  "great 
servant."  The  armour-bearer  of  a  High- 
land chief  was  so  called,  and  was  prohably 
selected  for  his  size  and  strength. 

GILLON.  The  Gillons  of  Linlithgow- 
shire consider  themselves  of  Norman  origin, 
but  some  derive  the  name  from  the  clan 
Gille-eon. 

GILLOTT.     See  William, 
lote.     n.R. 

GILLRAY. 

GILMER. 

GILMOUR. 

GILPATRIC. 

St.  Patrick. 

GILPIN.  See  Gilbert,  xin  eminent 
familj-  seated  at  Kentmerc  Ilall,  co.  West- 
moreland, temp.  King  John.    B.L.G. 

GILROY.  GILRAY.  Gael.  Gille 
ruadh  or  rcy,  i.  e.  "the  red  lad."  The  cele- 
brated Highland  freebooter  of  the  XVI. 
cent.,  Gilderoy,  derived  his  designation 
from  this  source.  Arthur  says,  "  Gillc- 
roimh,  a  running  footman  attendant  on  a 
Highland  chieftain  ;  or  GiUc-rlgh,  the  ser- 
vant of  the  king."  Others  make  it  cqui^-a- 
lent  to  Fitz-PlOy — the  son  of  a  king.  Thus 
do  Gaelic  etymologists  ditier. 

GILRUTII.     The  same  as  Gilroy. 

GILSON.     The  son  of  Gill  or  Gilbert. 

GINKELL.  Godart  de  Ginkell,  bai-on 
de  Reede,  came  with  William,  Prince  of 
Orange,  into  England.  He  accompanied 
him  to  Ireland,  where  he  besieged  and  took 
Athlone,  for  which  service  he  Was  created 
Earl  of  Athlone. 

GIN.AIAN.     See  Ginner. 

GINN.  GIN.  Perhaps  the  same  as 
Genn,  with  the  G  softened. 

GINNER.  NoAv  more  nsually  spelt 
Jennev.  Old  English  gbwur,  an  engineer, 
a  craftsman.  Le  Engynur,  Le  Ginnur,  H.R. 
The  word  '  gin'  is  retained  hi  our  version  of 
the  Old  Testament,  and  occurs  in  many  old 
writers,  in  the  bad  sense  of  a  traji,  snare,  or 

'crafty  device.  Pott  derives  Jenner  from 
Januarius. 

GIPP.  GIPPS.  GIPSON.  See  Gil- 
bert. 

GIPSY.  ]\Iust  be  a  surname  of  comjiara- 
tively  recent  date,  if  borrowed  from  the 
wandering  tribe  so  called.  See  next  ar- 
ticle. 

=  GIPSY  SURNAMES.    Whatever  may 

be  the  true  origin  of  this  remarkal.ile 

nomadic  race,  it  is  pretty  certain  that 

they  did  not  arrive  here  until  late  in 

S 


the  XV.  century,  and  equally  so  that 
they  did  not  possess  when  they  came, 
any  hereditary  surnames.  Faw  and 
Curlcople  (see  those  articles)  are  the 
only  patronjmiics  that  I  have  met  with 
that  are  not  borro^\'ed  from  well-known 
English  family  names.  For  example, 
Smith  is  no  uncommon  appellation 
amongst  them.  I  know  a  Gipsy  Smith 
who,  although  possessed  of  several 
messuages  and  tenements,  chooses 
to  travel  the  country  in  his  '  wan.' 
Again,  our  "  illustrious  dreamer,'^ 
John  Bunyan,  an  undoubted  Gipsy, 
bore  a  name  of  Welsh  origin. 
There  are  plenty  of  Bakers,  Coopers, 
Barnctts,  Buckleys,  Broadwaj's,  Drajiers, 
Aliens,  Joneses,  Glovers,  Lights,  Taylors, 
Williamses,  Martins,  Smalls,  Blewitts, 
Carters,  Bucklands,  and  Drapers.  There 
arc  also  Ballachys,  Loversedges,  Corries, 
Eyreses,  Lees  in  plenty,  and  Scamps 
more  than  enough !  It  is  not  wonderful 
that  Carcw  is  a  favourite  surname,  when 
we  know  the  career  of  the  celebrated 
Bampfylde  Moore  Carew ;  but  where 
these  wanderers  picked  up  Bosville, 
Love]],  Manstield,  Plunkett,  Stanley, 
and  other  aristocratic  designations  is 
not  so  easily  explained. 

A  writer  in  N.  and  Q.,  April  17, 1858, 
says,  that  there  are  a  quarter  of  a  million 
of  Gii^sies  of  all  kinds  in  the  British 
Isles ;  and  he  adds  that  in  Scotland 
"there  are  Gipsies  in  every  sjihereof  life 
— even  barristers,  clergymen,  and  gen- 
tlemen." 

GIRARDOT.  From  France,  after  the 
Rev.  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 

GIRDLER.  A  maker  of  girdles — an  an- 
cient occupation.  The  Girdlers'  Company 
in  London  was  incorporated  in  I '1-19. 

GIRTH.  Gyrth,  .an  A-Sax.  baptismal 
name. 

GISBORNE.  Gisburn,  a  great  parish 
in  Yorkshire,  Avell-lvnowu  for  its  priorj'^,  its 
wild  cattle,  and  its  forest  outlaw,  Guy  of 
Gisborne. 

GISSING.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

GITTINGS.  Gittin,  a  Welsh  and  Ai-mo- 
rican  personal  name. 

GLADDIN.     See  Gladwin. 

GLADDING.      GLADING.      An   old 

■word  employed  by  Gower,  in  the  sense  of 
pleasant,  cheerful. 

GLADjMAN.  The  definitions  in  Eng. 
Sum.  are  not  satisfactory  to  me.  That 
whicli  I  am  now  to  assign  will  hardly  be  so 
to  the  bearers  of  the  name.  Jamieson  gives 
us  (jImI  or  (jlaul  as  smooth,  slippery  ;  and 
lie  adds,  that  it  is  also  applied  to  one  who  is 
not  to  be  trusted — "a  slippery  fellow." 

GLADSTONE.     Local :  place  unknown. 

GLADSON.  A  corruption  of  Glad- 
stone. 

GLAD 'WIN.     An  A-Sax.  personal  name. 


GLE 


130 


GOD 


Gladewinus,  Gladuin,  &c.  occur  as   aute- 
Domesd.  tenants. 

GLAISHER.  GLAYSHER.  A  corrup- 
tion of  Glazier. 

GLAISTER.  Probably  tlie  same  as 
Glenister,  a  local  name,  though  glaistcr  in 
Scotland  signifies  a  thin  covering  of  snow 
or  ice.  Jamieson.  Again,  Glasterer  means 
a  boaster.     Ibid. 

GLAIVE.  GLAVE.  A  long  cutting- 
blade  at  the  end  of  a  lance.  Halliwell. 
The  name  was  assumed  in  the  same  way  as 
Sword,  Lance,  and  many  others. 

GLANFIELD.     See  Glanville. 

GLANVILLE.  A  place  in  the  arron- 
dissement  of  Pout-l'Eveque,  in  Normandy. 
It  is  latinized '  De  Glanvilla,'  and  anglicized 
Glanfield.  Robert  de  Glanville,  a  tenant 
in  Suffolk,  temp.  Domesd.  was  ancestor  of 
the  earls  of  Suffolk  of  that  name. 
The  Glanvilles  of  Catchfrench,  co.  Corn- 
wall, are  descended  from  the  G.'s  of  Halwell, 
CO.  Devon,  circ.  1400,  (Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men)  and  they,  according  to  tradi- 
tion, from  Eanulf  de  Glanville,  lord  of 
Glanville,  near  Pont  I'Eveque,  who  entered 
England  with  the  Conqueror.  C.  S.  Gil- 
bert's Cornwall,  ii.  171. 

GLASGOW.     Tlie  great  northern  city. 

GLASIBR.     A  glazier. 

GLASS.  A  parish  in  cos.  Aberdeen  and 
Banff ;  also  an  island,  a  lake,  and  a  river 
in  Scotland. 

GLASSBROOK.     See  Glazebrook. 

GLASSCOCK.  See  Nicholas.  The 
Glascocks  of  High  Estre,  co.  Essex,  traced 
their  pedigree  to  temp.  Edw.  III. 

GLASSCOTT.  Glascote,  a  township  co. 
Warwick.  The  Glascotts,  who  went  into 
Ireland  in  1640,  claim,  however,  from  the 
Glascocks  of  High  Estre. 

GLASSON.  Glaston,  parishes,  &c.,  in 
cos.Eutland,  Lancaster,  and  Somerset. 

GLASSWRIGIIT.  A  glass  maker.  An- 
drew le  Glasswright  occurs  in  the  records 
of  Great  Yarmouth  in  the  XIV.  century. 
Papers  of  Norfolk  Archasol.  Soc,  iv.  253. 
Little  is  known  of  the  history  of  the  glass 
manufacture  in  this  country  in  the  middle 
ages.  In  Sussex  there  are  some  traditions, 
but  very  little  can  be  positively  ascertained 
respecting  it,  notwithstanding  Fuller's  as- 
scilion  that  "  plenty  hereof  is  made  in  this 
county."  In  Thomas  Charuock's  Breviary 
of  Philosophy  we  read : — 

"  As  for  glass  makers,  they  be  scant  in  tliis  land, 
Yet  one  tliei-e  is,  as  I  ilo  iiiulerstnTKl ; 
An(1  in  Sussex  is  now  liis  liabitation, 
At  Chiddingfokl  he  works  of  his  occupation." 

This  was  written  in  1557.     Chiddingfokl  is 
in  Surrey,  not  Sussex. 

GLAZEBROOK.     A    recent     southern 

corruption  of  Grazebrook,  which  see. 

GLAZIER.     The  trade. 

GLEGG.     Scottish,  gZeg-.     Quick  of  per- 


ception, keen,  clever,  expeditious.  Scott 
in  the  Antiqvavij  makes  his  old  "blue- 
gown"  say  : — "  I  was  aye  r/lcg  at  my  duty 
— naebody  ever  catched  Edie  sleeping." 

1^"  GLEN.  A  common  syllable  in 
Celtic  names  of  places,  as  Glendinning, 
Glendor,  Glencaglis,  Glenister,  Glenfield, 
Glcnham,  Glenuio,  Glenuj',  and  Glen- 
ton. 

It  signifies  a  vale,  or  rather  a  narrow 
valley,  formed  by  two  acclivities  bound- 
ing a  stream  or  river,  which  gives  rise 
to  the  local  name.  Thus  Glenalmond 
is  the  glen  or  \-allcy  of  the  river  Almond, 
Glenapp,  that  of  the  App,  &c. 

GLENDINNING.  An  ancient  estate 
at  Westerkirk,  co.  Dumfries. 

GLENDONWYN.  Probably  the  same 
as  Glendinning  or  Glendonyn. 

GLENDONYN.  The  exact  spot  from 
which  the  surname  was  adopted  cannot  lie 
ascertained,  but  it  was  near  the  coast  of 
Ayrshire.  Robert  de  Glendonyn  obtained 
a  confirmation  grant  of  tiie  lands  of  Glen- 
donyn from  xVlexander  III.  for  his  services 
at  the  battle  of  Largs.  The  heiress  married 
Macknyghte  in  the  XIV,  century,  and  the 
representation  now  vests  in  Coulthart. 

GLENISTER.  GLINISTER,  A  lo- 
cality  in  Scotland ;  but  I  do  not  find  the 

place. 

G  LENNY.  A  place  at  Abernyte,  in 
Perthshire. 

GLENTON.       Probably     Glinton,    co. 

Northampton. 

GLIDE.     See  Clyde. 

GLISTER.     As  Glaister. 

GLITHEROW.     See  Clitheroe. 

GLOVER.  The  occupation.  LeGanter. 
II.  R. 

CLYDE.  GLIDE.  A  sort  of  road,  or 
more  properly  sxicakiug  an  opening.  Aber- 
deenshire. Jamieson.  2.  Gleid,  squinting. 
Ibid. 

GLYNDE.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

GLYNN.  A  place  In  the  parish  of  Gar- 
diuham,  co.  Cornwall,  the  abode  of  "  an 
ancient  family  of  gentlemen  of  this  name, 
who  for  many  generations  flourished  there." 
Hals,  in  D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall,  i.  171. 

GLYNNE.  The  baronet  derives  his  des- 
cent from  Cilmiu  Droed-tu,  one  of  the  fif- 
teen tribes  of  North  Wales  who  were 
flourishing  in  A.D.  843.  The  local  name 
was  assumed  in  the  XVI.  cent. 

GOAD.     Probably  Good.     A-Sax.  god. 

GOAT.  A  narrow  cavern  or  Inlet  into 
which  the  sea  enters.     Jamieson. 

GOATER.     GOTER.     A  goat-herd  ? 

GOATMAN.  A  keeper  of  goats ;  a  goat- 
herd. 

GOBLET.     Perhaps  a  trader's  sign. 

GODBEIIERE.     R.G.    16.    I  have  met 


GOD  131 


with  it  as  a  simiame  in  Sussex,  temp  Hen. 
III.     See  uiidev  Goodbecr. 

GOD  BID.  iV-vSax.  Uddian,  to  pray.  See 
'  Gotobed.'  Perhaps,  however,  a  corruptiou 
of  Godbert,  a  personal  name  also  used  in  the 
XIII.  cent,  as  a  surname. 

GOD  BODY.  Probably  a  medieval  oath 
— "  By  God's  body." 

GODBOLD.  1.  Occurs  in  Domesd.  as  a 
previous  A- Sax.  tenant.  2.  A-Sax./ytf^^  and 
bold—"  the  good  dwelling." 

GODDAME.  (Parish-register  of  Charl- 
ton, CO.  Kent.)  Probably  'good-dame,' 
a  mother-in-law;  so  'good-brother,'  in 
some  dialects,  signifies  brother-in-law  ;  and 
there  are  several  analogies  in  the  French 
language:  as  heanju'vc,''  step-fother;  '■belle- 
mere,''  mother-in-law.  Perhaps  it  may  l.ie 
synonymous  with  godmother,  Avhich  is 
found  in  the  H.R.,  under  the  orthography 
of  Godmoder,  and  borne  by  an  individual 
named  William,  proving  that  at  that  time 
it  had  passed  into  a  transmissible  or  family 
name. 

GODDARD.  Godanlus  appears  in 
Domesd.  as  a  personal  name.  The  ancestor 
of  the  Goddards  of  Cliffe  and  Swindon  are 
said  to  have  been  seated  in  "Wiltshire  before 
temp.  Rich.  II.    B.L.G. 

GODDEN.  Often  a  corruption  of  God- 
win. 

GODDIN. 

GODDING 

chant,    and 


See  Godwin. 

Frandis  Goddinge,  mer- 
his  wife,  Protestant  refugees, 
left  Dieppe  and  settled  at  Rye,  co.  Sussex, 
in  1572.  Lansd.  JI.S.,  15-70.  But  the 
name  is  also  indigenous,  for  Goding,  Godin- 
gus,  &c.,  occur  in  A-Sax.  times. 

GODFREY.  GODFREE.  An  ancient 
Teutonic  personal  name — the  same  as  Geof- 
frey. The  form  Goisfridus  is  very  common 
in  Domesd.  The  Godfreys  of  Brook-Street 
House,  Kent,  are  supposed  to  be  descended 
from  Godfrey  le  Faucouer.lord  of  the  manor 
of  Hurst  in  that  county,  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  II.     B.L.G. 

GODHELPE.  1.  An  exclamation  :  the 
name  was  probably  given  to  a  person  who 
habitually  used  it.  See  '  Helpusgod.'  2. 
The  A-Sax.  name  Godulph. 

GODKIN.  Perhaps  a  diminutive  oath; 
or  it  may  be  a  nickname  of  Godfrey  or 
Godwin. 

GODLEE.     See  Godley. 

GODLEY.      A    township    in    Cheshire, 

where  the  family  of  Dc  Godlee  were  resident 

temp.  Edward  I.     GodeU  is  an  archaism  for 

goodly,  well  favoured. 

"  Feyre  and  longe  was  he  thorc, 
A  godehiar  man  was  none  bore." 
M.S.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38  (Halliw.) 

GODLBIAN.     May  have  relation  to  the 

assumed  sanctity  of  the  first  bearer,  but  is 
more  likely  to  be  a  corruption  of  Godal- 
ming,  the  Surrey  town,  formerly  so  pro- 
nounced by  the  vulgar. 


GOL 

GODLOVEMILADY.  This  remarkable 
name  really  existed  not  many  years  since. 
The  similar  designation  Rogerus  Dciis- 
salcct-dominas  (Roger  God-save-the-Ladies) 
occurs  in  the  Domesd.  of  Essex.  It  waa 
probably  the  sobri(|uet  of  some  admirer  of 
the  fair  sex,  who  frequently  emploj'ed  the 
phrase, 

GODMAN.  (A-Sax.  god).  The  same 
as  Goodman. 

GODMEFETCH.  "  God-me-fetch"— 
"  God  take  me" — a  profane  exclamation. 
See  Godhelpe. 

GODMUND.  An  A-Sax.  baptismal 
name. 

GODOLPIIIN.     A  manor  in  the  parish 

of  Breage,  near  Helston,  co,  Cornwall,  an- 
ciently written  Godolghan,  a  word  which 
is  said  to  mean  in  the  Cornish  tongue  "the 
White  Eagle,"  whence  the  'eagle  displayed 
with  two  necks  argent,'  in  the  armorial 
shield.  John  de  Godolphin  is  said  to  have 
possessed  the  manor  at  the  time  of  the  Con- 
quest.    C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall,  i.  520. 

GODRICH.  GODERICH.  See  Good- 
rich. 

GODSALL.     See  Godsell. 

GODSALVE,  Probably  an  exclama- 
tion— "  God  save  you!" 

GODSEIiL.  Perhaps  from  Godshill,  in 
the  Isle  of  Wight.  2.  The  same  as  God- 
esilus,  the  name  of  an  early  Burgundian 
King.     Ferguson. 

GOD  SHALL.  In  charters,  De  Casa 
Dei.     I  do  not  find  the  locality. 

GODSMARK.  Appears  to  be  of  similar 
import  to  Godspcnny,  which  see.  It  wag 
formerly  common  in  E.  Sussex. 

GODSON.  The  spiritual  relation— iden- 
tical with  the  Fr.  Fillcul.  The  name  in 
its  modern  form  is  found  in  the  H.R.,  as  is 
also  the  singular  surname  Godmoder  (God- 
mother). 

GODSPENNY.  This  word  in  the  N.  of 
England  means  a  deposit,  or  earnest-money. 
How  it  became  a  name  is  not  clear. 

GODWIN.  A  well-known  personal 
name  of  Teutonic  origin.  In  Domesd.  it 
is  very  common. 

GOFF.  GOFFE.  See  Gough.  When 
not  a  corruption  of  Gough,  it  is  said  to 
signify  in  the  Armoricau  dialect  "  the 
smith."  In  the  Cornish,  Angove  has  the 
same  meaning,  while  Trengrove  is  "strong 
smith."  Queingoff  is  another  Armorican 
surname  meanhig  "  whitesmith,"  according 
to  the  conjecture  of  Mr.  Dixon.  These  are 
all,  of  course,  allied  to  Gow. 

GOLD.  A  personal  or  baptismal  name. 
Golde  and  Goldus  occur  in  Domesd.,  and 
Gold,  in  the  H.R.,  had  become  a  surname. 
Asa  baptismal  name  it  was  in  use  in  the 
XIV.  cent.,  when  Gold  le  Blodleter  is  found 
as  the  designation  of  an  inhabitant  of  Yar- 
mouth.     Papers  Norf.  Arch.  Soc.  iv,  253, 


GOL 


132 


GOO 


Mr.  Fei'guson  observes  tliat  "  there  are 
several  uanies  which  appear  to  express 
metaphorically  the  material  of  which  a 
man  is  made.  Such  are  the  names  of  metals, 
at  the  head  of  which  is  Gold.  TJiis  seems 
to  have  been  a  terra  of  endearment,  and  to 
denote  love,  value,  affection.  An  A-Saxon, 
'  Dudda,  was  a  husbandman  in  Ifethfelda, 
and  he  had  three  daughters;  one  wascalled 
Deorwyn  ;  tlie  other  Deorswythe;  and  tlie 
third  Golde,'  " — all  terms  significant  of  pa- 
rental love.  As  a  man's  name.  Gold  mnst 
have  been  somewhat  common  in  England, 
as  many  local  names,  since  become  sur- 
names, are  compounded  with  it ;  e.g., 
Goldby,  Goldham,  Goldney,  Goldsbury, 
Goldsby,  Goldsworthy,  Goldthorpe.  It 
also  appears  to  have  given  rise  to  the 
names  of  Golden  and  Gonlden,  Gojding 
and  Goulding.  The  latter  are  proliably 
patronymical. 

GOLDBEATER.  The  trade.  A  Rob. 
le  Goldbeter  is  found  in  H.R. 

GOLDEN.     See  Gold. 

GOLDFINCH.  From  tlie  bird.  Gold- 
finche.  H.R.  Sobriquets  derived  from 
names  of  birds  are  numerous.  See  Sparrow, 
Hawk,  &c.  Lavater  found  resemblances 
between  human  faces  and  those  of  oxen, 
goats,  &c.  So  a  friend  of  mine  disco- 
vered in  a  neighbour  of  hers,  not  remark- 
able either  for  brilliancy  of  dress  or  sweet- 
ness of  song,  something  which  reminded 
her  of  a  goldfinch.  From  similar  caprices 
and  notions  many  surnames  doubtless 
arose. 

GOLDING.     See  Gold. 

GOLDRIDGE.  Goklerlcus  occurs  in 
Germany  in  the  IX.  cent,  as  a  personal 
name. 

GOLDSBURY.  Goldsborough,  a  parish 
in  Yorkshire. 

GOLDSBY.  GOULDSBY.  A  parish 
in  Lincolnshire,  sometimes  corrupted  to 
GolcebJ^ 

GOLDSMIDT.  Germ.  Goldschmid.  A 
goldsmith. 

GOLDSMITH,  The  gront  vnluc  of  the 
commodity  in  which  the  medieval  gold- 
smith dealt  rendered  him  a  person  of  con- 
sequence. No  less  tlian  three  tenan(s-ia- 
chief  under  the  Conqueror  are  entered  in 
Domesday  under  the  name  of  Aurifaber. 
One  of  these.  Otto  Aurifaber,  held  in  Essex, 
and  his  descendants,  under  the  surname  of 
Fitz-Otho,  ai^pear  to  have  been  hereditary 
mint-masters  to  the  crown  for  two  centu- 
ries, becoming  extinct  in  1282.  Kelham. 
Ellis,  Introd.  The  equivalent  Fr.  Orfevre, 
and  the  Germ.Goldschniid,  are  well-known 
surnames. 

GOLDSPTNK.  A  northern  provincial- 
ism for  Goldfinch. 

GOLDWIN.    An  A-Sax.  personal  name. 

GOLIGHTLY.  Has  nothing  <o  do,  I 
think,  with  lightness  of  foot.  The  name 
has  many  forms,  to  none  of  which  a  mean- 


ing can  well  be  attached ;  Ijut  from  the  ter- 
mination it  is  probably  local. 

GOLLEDGE.  Gulledge,  an  estate  near 
E.  Grinstcad,  co.  Sussex. 

GOLLOP.  Probably  the  same  as  Gallop. 
The  Gollops  of  Strode,  co.  Dorset,  have  a 
tradition  of  Danish  or  Swedish  descent  from 
a  soldier  of  fortune  who  was  living  hi  IKJo. 
B.L.G. 

GOMERSALL.  Gomersal,  a  township 
in  Yorkshire. 

G  ON  VILLE.  There  m-e  two  places  named 
Gonneville  in  the  department  of  Seine  Infi^- 
rieure  in  Normand\',  but  from  ^vhicll  of 
them  the  family  came  I  am  unable  to  de- 
termine. 

GOOCIT.      GOOGE.     GOODGE.      Of 

uncei'tain  origin;  but  Mr.  Ferguson  thinks 
the  last  form  a  derivation  from  the  O. 
Norse  (ivd,  war.  .Goche  ^vithout  prefix  is 
found  in  the  H.R. 

GOOD.  From  excellence  of  character, 
like  the  F'-.  Le  Eon. 

GOODACRE.  Probably Q^Qrm.gntfcmhrr, 
a  burying  ground  (liternlly  God's  I^ield). — 
Analogous  to  our  Cliurchyard,  and  the  me- 
dieval In  Cemeterio. 

GOODAIR.     The  same  as  Goodere. 

GOODALE.  Is  probably  local,  being 
not  Good-ale,  but  Qoo-ihde. 

GOODAY.  GOODDAY.  GOODEY. 

GOODY.  The  third  form  rather  counte- 
nances the  supposition  of  a  local  origin. 
But  it  may  be  from  tlie  salutation  "  Good- 
day  !"  especially  if  GOOJUEVE  may  be  consi- 
dered correlatively. 

GOODBAIRN.     See  Goodchikl. 

GOODBAN.  Probably  Good-bairn— 
Goodchikl. 

GOODBEER.  A  corruption  of  Godbe- 
here — Dens  adflt! — a  name  occurring  in 
Sussex  records  of  the  Xlll.  century.  It  was 
probably  applied  as  a  sobriquet  to  some 
person  who  used  this  adjuration,  the  moro 
recent  form  of  which  is  "  'fore  God." 

GOODBEHERE.     See  Godbehere 

GOODBODY.  A  portly  person— like  the 
Fr.  Ueai/eorji.'i;  perluqis,  however,  an  oath  : 
'  By  God's  bocfy,' — not  unusual  in  the 
middle  ages.  The  orthography  in  the  H  1!,. 
is  Godbodi,  \vhich  rather  confirms  iho 
latter  derivation.  Under  the  name  I'ardew 
will  be  found  some  remarks  on  surnames 
derived  from  Oaths.  See  however  tlie  re- 
marks under  Body. 

GOODBORN.     See  Goodbairn. 

GOODBOYS.  Doubtless  a  corruption 
of  some  French  local  name  ending  in  bais, 
wood. 

GOODCHAP.     See  Goodcheap. 

GOODCIIEAP.  "Very  cheap"— a  com- 
mon expression  in  old  times,  equivalent 
to  the  existing  French  phrase,  7wn  marclic. 
Perhaps  a   sobriquet  applied  to   an  early 


GOO 

trader.    The  H.R.  orthography ' 
Tlie  corresponding  family  lur 
is  found  ill  Holland. 

GOODCHILD      As    'good-lm  in 

.some  dialects  means  brother-iu-la-n,  oO  this 
name  may  mean  a  step-child.  It  may, 
however,  refer  to  the  natural  disposition^  of 
the  first  bearer,  as  \ve  find  its  opposite, 
Erilchlld,  in  tlie  H.R. 

GOODDEN.  A  corruption  of  Goodwin, 
or  Godwin.  The  Gooddcns  of  Over  Comp- 
ton,  CO.  Dorset,  are  descended  from  John 
Goodwj'U,  who  nourished  temp.  Edward 
YI. 

GOODE.     See  Good. 

GOODEN.  GOODING.  GOODINGE. 
Corruptions  of  Godwin. 

GOODEKOUGII.  The  original  bearer 
was  perhaps  a  sufliciently  worthy  fellow,  but 
I  think  his  name  had  uo  reference  to_  iiis 
moral  qualities.  Knowe  is  a  ycotticism, 
equivalent  to  the  southerr  hiwll,  a  little 
round  hill,  and  the  prehx  '  good '  probably 
indicated  the  nature  of  the  soil*  of  the  hill 
at  or  upon  which  he  resided. 

GOODEKE.  Whence  Gooderson,  Most 
likely  au  old  personal  name. 

GOODEVE.  Possibly  from  the  saluta- 
tion, "Good  eve!"  See  Goodday.  More 
probably,  however,  from  the  A-Sax.  female 
name,  Godiva,  famous  at  Coventry. 

GOODFELLOW.  A  man  of  sociable 
and  friendly  character-.  The  Fr.  have  their 
Eoncompagnon.     Godfelawe.  H.R. 

GOODGER.  See  Goodyear.  Ilalliwell 
tells  us  that  in  Devonshire  Goodger  means 
both  Good-man,  or  husband,  and  the  Devil. 
Let  us  hope  that  the  Banuionian  wives  are 
not  responsible  for  so  evil  an  association  of 
ideas ! 

GOODGROOM.  Grome  originally  meant 
simply  a  servant.  ^Vmong  the  Domesd. 
tenants-in-chief  in  co.  Warwick  was  a  Wil- 
lelmus  Bonvalest,  of  which  William  Good- 
groom  would  be  a  literal  translation  A 
Bonvalct  occurs  in  the  H.R.,  as  also  a  Gode 
Grum  and  several  Le  Godegrums.  Or, 
taking  the  prior  syllable  as  the  name  of  the 
Divine  Being,  it  may  mean  'God's  servant,' 
for  we  find,  in  the  same  records,  Godeknave, 
and  Godknave.  '  Knave,'  it  must  be  re- 
membered, was  anciently  uo  disgraceful 
epithet,  but  meant  simply  child  or  servant. 
See  Gilchrist,  &c. 

GOODHAXD.  R.G.  16.  A  dexterous 
person. 

GOODHIND.  "The  good  farm-ser- 
vant."    See  Hind. 

GOODHUGII.  GOODHEW.  The 
latter  syllable  appears  to  be  a  mis-spelling 
of  law.  Of  good  colour  or  complexion. 
Temp.  Edwd.  III.  it  was  written  Godeheuc. 

GOODHUSBAND.  To  contradistinguish 
the  first  bearer  from  another  person  of  the 
same  Christian  name,  who  was  not  remark - 

■   able  for  fidelity  towards  his  wife.     In  the 


GOO 

H.R.  we  find  an  Agnes  Godhosbonde,  which 
shows  that  it  had  become  (temp.  Edw.  1.) 
a  permanent  surname.  Youiighusband  is 
also  a  well-known  family  name. 

GOODIER.     See  Goodyer. 

GOODJER.     The  same  as  Goodyear. 

GOODEAD.  Apparently  the  English 
form  of  Bon-f/cv^(i/i,  a  Fr.  surname. 

GOODLAKE.  The  A-Sax.  baptismal 
name  Guthlac.  It  has  been  wnriously 
written  Godelac,  Godlac,  &.c. 

GOODLUCK.  The  A-Sax.  personal 
name  Guthlac.  Goodluck's  Close  at  Nor- 
wich was  formerly  Guthlac's  Close.     Ferg. 

GOODMADAM.  Dixon  says  a  patro- 
ness. 

GOODMAN.  1.  Gudmund,  a  very 
common  Teutonic  and  A-Sax.  bai^tismal 
name.  2.  A  common  form  of  address  in  old 
times.  Also  a  complimentaiy  sobriquet. 
Thus  a  great-grandson  of  the  famous  Wil- 
liam Bclward  was  called  Goodman.  Eng. 
Surn.  ii.  49. 

GOODRAM.     As  Goodrum. 

GOODRICH.  1.  A  parish  in  oo.  Here- 
ford.    2.  See  Goodrick. 

GOODRICK.  An  ancient  Teutonic 
personal  name,  usually  written  Godric  and 
Godericus,     Very  common  in  Domesday. 

GOODRUM.  A  probable  corruption  of 
the  Scandinavian  name  Guthrum. 

GOODSON.  1.  Another  form  of  God- 
son. 2.  The  parish  of  Gooderstone,  co. 
Norfolk,  is  so  called.  3.  It  corresponds 
with  the  French  Jicaufils,  son-in-law. 

GOODSREED.     The  sobriquet  of  a  good 

runner  1 

GOODWILL.  GOODWILLIE.  These 
singular  names  have  no  reference  to  the 
character,  good  or  bad,  of  any  of  the  vast 
Gulielmian  tribe,  but,  according  to  Pitts- 
cottie,  a  good-wilier  and  a  well-wisher  are 
synonymous.     Jamieson. 

GOODWIN.     The  same  as  Godwin. 

GOOD  WRIGHT.  See  Wriglit.  A  ma- 
ker of  gads,  goads,  or  spears. 

GOODYEAR.  In  Domesd.  Godere  and 
Goderus ;  in  the  IT.  R.  Godyer.  Goodman, 
or  husband  ;  still  used  in  this  sense  in  De- 
vonshire. 

GOODYER,     See  Goodyear. 

GOOK.  GOWK.  Ferguson  says g-ozi'A, 
a  northern  name  for  the  cuckoo.  Gaukr, 
the  0.  Norse  for  this  bird,  appears  in  the 
Landnamabok  as  a  baptismal  name. 

GOOLD.  See  Gold.  The  Goolds  of 
CO.  Cork,  went  thither  from  England  in  or 
about  the  reign  of  Henry  VI.  Courthope's 
Debrett. 

GOOLE.     A  townsliip  in  Y'orkshire. 


GOR 


134 


GOT 


GOOSE.  "  The  nolaility  of  the  goose  is 
not  so  obvious  as  that  of  the  swan.  Yet  it 
was  in  ancient  and  honourable  use  as  a 
man's  name.  Qenseric,  the  name  of  the 
great  Vandal  chief,  is  referred  by  Grimm  to 
ffdnserich,  a  gander.  But  it  was  no  doubt 
the  wild  goose  that  gave  the  name  ;  and  if 
"we  consider,  we  shall  sec  that  this  bird  has 
some  qualities  calculated  to  command  the 
respect  of  those  earl}'  roving  tribes.  A 
powerful  bird,  strong  on  the  wing,  taking 
long  flights  to  distant  lands,  marshalled  with 
the  most  beautiful  discipline  of  instinct,  it 
formed  no  inapt  emblem  of  those  migratory 
plunderers  who  renewed  their  unwelcome 
visitations  with  each  succeeding  spring." 
Ferguson.  The  name  Goose  is  not  unusual 
in  East  Anglia,  and  Gosland,  Gosnell,  Gos- 
lee,  local  surnames,  appear  to  be  from  this 
source,  as  Avell,  perhaps,  as  Goss,  A-Sax.  Le 
Gos  is  the  H.E.  form. 

GOOSEMAN.    A  breeder  of  Geese. 

GOOSEY.     A  tythhig  in  Berkshire. 

GOODSIIEEP.     See  Goodcheap. 

GORBELL.     See  Gorbold. 

GORBOLD.  Tlie  O.  Germ.  Garlbald 
(i.e.  "  spear-bold")  has  been  thus  anglicized, 
^^"hile  in  Italy  it  has  taken  the  form  of 
Garibaldi  (Ferguson),  where  it  is  uow  ap- 
propriately borne  by  a  patriotic  hero. 

GORDON.  According  to  some  genealo- 
gists this  name  is  derived  from  Gordonia,  a 
town  in  IMacedonia :  according  to  others 
from  a  manor  in  Normandy — origins  liter- 
ally too  "  far-fetched,"  since  the  parish  of 
Gordon,  in  Berwickshire,  where  we  find  the 
family  located  at  an  early  date,  is  its  tiaie 
source.  "  Thei-e  is  a  nice  little  romance  to 
the  tune  of  making  the  founder  of  the 
family  a  certain  Bertrand  de  Gourdon, 
who  shot  Eichard  the  Lion-Hearted  at 
Chaluz.  According  to  history,  this  Gourdon 
was  a  common  archer,  who  ha\nng  been 
brought  before  the  d3'iug  monarch  was  for- 
given by  him,  and  ordered  to  be  libci"- 
ated  with  a  handsome  present ;  but  the 
Flemish  general,  who  had  no  notion  of  such 
generosity,  very  coolly  ordered  him  to  bo 
Hayed  alive.  Hoav,  after  such  an  operation, 
he  could  get  into  Scotland  we  are  nottold." 
N.  and  Q.,  Nov.  1,  185(;.  The  cheerfulness 
of  this  family  is  exhibited  in  the  proverb, 
The  Gay  Gordoxs. 

An  anonymous  correspondent  sends  me 

the  following — 

"Dialogue  betnren  tlie first  irarqziisof  Iluntloj  and 
his  <!cnlleman-in-vaiiinfj.  Makq.— Send  me  Snndy 
Gordon.  Gent. — Wfat  Sandy  Gordon  ?  JIakq  —Kite 
Sandy  Gordon.  Gent. —  Wfat  fito  Sandy  Gordon  ? 
Makq. — File  fat  Sandy  Gordon."  And  the  Wliito, 
Tilt,  Sandy  Gordon  wns  donbtlcss  forthcoming,  ily 
correspondent  asks :  "  How  many  Sandy  Gordons 
nmst  there  have  been  in  liis  lordsliip's  service  ?  " 

GOKEN".     A  coi-ruption  of  Goring. 

GORGES.  The  chateau  dc  Gorges,  one 
of  whose  lords  was  at  tlie  l.iattle  of  Hastings, 
stands  in  the  parish  of  the  same  name,  in 
the  canton  of  Periers,  dei^arlnicnt  of  La 
Manche,    Normandy  His    descendant, 

ilaoulde    Gorges,   married    an   lieiress   of 


Moi-ville,  and  had  the  manors  of  Wraxall  and 
Bradpole,  cos.  Dorset  and  Somerset,  and 
Avas  sheriff  of  Devonshire.  M.  de  Gerville, 
in  Mem.  Soc.  Antiq.  Normandie,  1825. 

GORMAN".  Gornuind  is  an  old  Scot'ti- 
cism  for  the  Fr.  guurmand,  an  enormous 
eater,  a  glutton. 

GORME.  Three  lakes  in  Scotland  are  so 
called. 

GORRING.  GORRINGE.  Sussex  sur- 
names, and  doubtless  modifications  of  the 
ancient  local  name  Goring  in  that  county. 
As  in  the  case  of  Hardingc,  the  G  in  tlie 
latter  of  tliese  two  forms  has  been  impro- 
perly softened,  and  the  pronunciation  is 
Gorrinje. 

GORTON.  A  chai;)eh'y  in  the  parish  of 
Manchester. 

GOSDEN.     See  xmder  Den. 

GOSHAWK.    The  bird. 

GOSLAND.     See  Goose. 

GOSLEE.     See  Goose. 

GOSLTN.     See  Gosling. 

GOSLING.  GOSTLING.  From  tlie 
Anglo-Norman  Christian  name  Joscelyn, 
or  Goccline.  Fil'  Goeelini,  Goscelin,  Gos- 
selin,  and  several  other  forms  are  found  in 
the  H.E.  The  assimilation  of  the  nauae  to 
tliat  of  a  j'Oimg  goose  by  tlie  addition  of  the 
g  final  is  of  modern  date.  Similar  instances 
of  the  hardening  of  the  soft  g  orj  are  ob- 
servable in  tlic  Norman  dialect.  Thus  jV<wfe 
and  gi'rbc  are  made  gamhe  and  guerhe. 

GOSNELL.  Anciently  Gosnold,  and 
therefore  probably  from  some  locality  called 
Goseuwold,  a  wold  or  plain  ^vhercon  geese 
were  numerous. 

GOSPATRICK.  Originally  a  personal 
name,  and  stated  in  arnre  tractby  t!ie  Ecv. 
Jas.  Johnstone,  cntilled  "  Anecdotes  of 
Olave  the  Black,  King  of  JIan,"  (1780)  to 
signify  the  '  Boy  of  St.  Patrick.' 

GOSPELL.  Gosboll,  an  ancient  Teu- 
tonic i^crsonal  name. 

GOSSE.  Li  Scotland,  a  sponsor  for  a 
child;  but  more  probably  the  A-Sax.  gos, 
a  goose. 

GOSSELTN.  A  family  of  Norman  origin 
who  have  long  resided  in  Guernsey.  They 
claim  descent  from  Robert  Gosselin,  wlio 
for  eminent  services  in  tiic  rescue  of  Mont 
Orgueil  from  the  French  in  1839,  is  said  to 
have  been  made  governor  of  that  fortress, 
and  to  have  received  from  Edward  III.  a 
grant  of  the  arms  now  liorne  by  his  des- 
cendants. B.L.G.  The  name  is  identical  with 
Joscelyn. 

GOSWICK.  A  hamlet  in  Northumber- 
land. 

GOTT.  Ap]iarcntly  an  old  baptismal 
name.     "Will  lif  Gotte.  H.E. 

GOTIIAED.  1.  Either  Godard,  the 
personal  name,  or  Goat-lierd..  2.  A  foolish 
fellow.  Norlii.  llalliwcll.  Probably  because 


GOR 


135 


the  occupation  of  keeping  goats  required 
little  skill.     Conf.  Coward. 
G OTOBEl).    O.  Germ.  Gott-hef, '  Pray  to 
God  '    Talbot's  Engl.  Etymol.    Robert  Go- 
tobedd,   AVinchelsea,  20.  Edw.  I.     Juliana 
Gotcbedde,  ibid.  (Cooper).    Notwithstand- 
ing Mr.  Talbot's  conjecture,  we  may  as  well, 
perhaps,  take  this  name  an  pied  de  la  left  re, 
and  assume  that  it  was  given  as  a  sobriquet 
to  people  more  than  ordinarily  attached  to 
their  couch.   A  similar  collocation  of  words 
forming  a  surname  occurs  in  the  H.R.,  viz. : 
Serlo  Go-to-kirh;  which  was  l;-orne  by  one 
of  the  cottars  of  the  hundred  of  Trippelowe, 
CO.  Cambridge,  temp.  Edw.  I.— most  pro- 
bably in  allusion  to  his  constant  attention 
to  his  public  devotions. 
GOUGH.      Welsh.      Red— from    com- 
plexion. 
GOULBORN.     Golborn,    townships    in 
Cheshire  and  Lancashire.  From  the  former, 
David,  grandson  of  the  patriarchal  William 
Belward,  baron  of  Malpas,  originally  as- 
sumed the  name,  in  Norman  times. 
GOULD.     See  Gold.      The  Goulds  are 
traceable  in  the  municipal  records  of  Exeter 
to  the  time  of  Edward  III.     Lysous. 
GOULDEN.     See  Gold. 
GOULDING.     See  Gold. 
GOULDSISIITH.     See  Goldsmith. 
GOULTY.     Probably  the  French  Gnal- 
tk'i;  (Walter)  to  which  in  sound  it  closely 
approximates. 
GOURD.     The  A-Sax.   personal    name 

Gyrth  or  Gyrd. 
GOURNAY  (Now  GURNEY).  This 
ancient  race  accompanied  RoUo  into  Neus- 
tria  and  became  lords  of  Gournay,  whence 
their  name.  Gournai-en-Brai  is  a  town  in 
the  arrondissemeut  of  Neufchatel.  There 
were  two  Hugh  de  Gournays  at  the  battle 
of  Hastings,  the  father,  an  old  man,  leading 
ou  his  vassals  of  Bray — 

■  li  ^-iel  Ilue  de  Gomai, 


Ensemble  0  li  sa  gent  de  Brai." 

Roman  de  lion. 

Both  Hughs  had  grants  from  William,  the 
eapiit  haronicB  Ijeiug  in   Norfolk,   still  the 
stronghold  of  the  name,  and  their  blood 
became  mingled  with  that  of  the  Conqueror 
himself,    by  the  marriage  of   Gerard   de 
Gournay  with  EcUth,  daughter  of  Wm.  de 
"Warenue,  by  Gundrada,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam the  Conqueror.     He  joined  the  first 
Crusade,  1096,  and  subsequently  died  on  a 
pilgrimage  to  Jerusalem.    From  Walter  de 
G  who  flourished  under  Stephen,  and  whose 
son  William  still  held  a  portion  of  the  fief 
of  Bray,  "  came  a  long  line  of  country  gen- 
tlemen in  Norfolk,  who  seem  never  to  have 
risen  above  or  fallen  below  that  honourable 
old  status."    Athenmtm,  Sept.  18,  1858. 
GORE.     A  "  narrow  slip  of  ground,"  as 
Kensington  Gore.  See  Faulkner's  Kensing- 
ton, p.  G17. 

GORING.     A   parish  in   Sussex   where 
the  ancestors  of  the  baronet's  itimily  were 


GRA 

resident    at  an    early    period.      John   dc 
Goring  was  lord  before  temp.  Edw.  II. 

GOW.     Gael.    A  smith. 
GOWAN.     Scotch,  a  'Daisy,'    which  is 
also  (but  wdiy,  it  is  difiicult  to  guess)  an 
English  surname. 

GOWARD.    GOWAR.     Corruptions  of 
Gower. 

GOWER.     "All  our  Antiquaries  agree 
that  this  family  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  the 
county  of  York,  and  of  Anglo-Saxon  origin, 
though  they  differ  as  to  its  patriarch,  whom 
some  will  have  to  be  Sir  Alan  Gower,  said 
to  be  sheriff  of  that  county  at  the  time  of 
the  Norman  Conquest,  A.D.  lOGG,  and  lord 
of  Stittcnham  in  the  same  county,   [now 
possessed  by  the  Duke  of  Sutherland,  the 
chief  of  the  house]  while  others  with  greater 
probability  assert  that   it  descended  from 
one   Guhyer,   whose   son,   called   William 
Fitz-Guhyer  of  Stittenham,   was   charged 
with  a  mark  for  his  lauds  in  the  sheriff's 
account,  11G7, 13  Henry  II.,  and  that  Alan 
was  very  likely  his  son."     Collins'  Peerage 
17G8,  V.  340.    The  poet  Gower  is  said  to 
have  been  of  the  Stittenham  stock,  though 
he  did  not  bear  the   same   arms.     Lelaud 
says  :  "  The  house  of  Gower  the  poet  yet  re- 
maineth   at   Switenham   (Stittenham),   in 
Yorkshire,  and  divers  of  them  sjns  have 
been  knightes."     The   noble  Gowers  pro- 
nounce their  name  as  if  written  Gore,  but  a 
jeomanry  family  in  the  south  of  England 
make  it  rhyme  with  '  power,'  or  '  shower.' 

GOWERS.     See  Gower. 

GOY.     A  place  on   the  river   Seine  In 
Lower  Nonuandy. 
GOYMER.     See  Gaimar. 
GRABBY.     A  corruption  of  Groby,  or 
some  similar  local  name. 
GRACE.       Raymond    Fitz-William    de 
Carew,   surnamed    '  Crassus,'     'Le   Gros,' 
and    '  Lc  Gras,'    accompanied  Strongbow, 
Earl  of  Pembroke,  in  his  celebrated  expedi- 
tion into  Ireland  in  1 IGO,  and  he  may  be  re- 
garded "as  the  Achilles  of  the  enterprise." 
He  married  Basilia  de  Clare,  Strongbow's 
sister,  with  whom  he  acquired  an  enonnous 
estate  in  Killarney,  subsequently  known  as 
"  the  Cantred  of  Grace's  country ;"  for  "his 
cognomen  Gros,    given  him  on  account  of 
his  prowess,  gradually  became   first   Gras, 
and  then  by  English  pronunciation  Grace." 
Many  of  the  English  families  of  this  name 
deduce  their  descent  from   Ireland.     See 
Jlemoirs  of  the  Faui.  of  Grace,  by  Sheflield 
Grace,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 
GRADDON.     See  Gratton. 

GRADY.  The  Ii-ish  patronymical 
O'Grady, sans  0. 

GRAEiSIE.  According  to  the  Scottish 
genealogists,  who,  as'Camden  tells  us, 
"  think  surnames  as  ancient  as  the  moon," 
this  illustrious  patronymic  is  derived  from 
Greme,  who  was  regent  of  Scotland  during 
the  minority  of  Eugene  II.  (commencing 
AD    419),   and  had  many  "engagements 


GRA 


136 


GRA 


with  tlie  Britons,  and  by  forcing  that 
mighty  rampart  they  had  reared  up  between 
the  rivers  of  Fortli  and  Clyde,  imraortalized 
his  name  so  much,  as  tliat  to  tliis  day  tliat 
entrencliment  is  called  Graham's  Dylie." 
Collins,  who  gravely  states  this,  finds, 
however,  no  record  of  the  family  eai'Iier 
than  the  time  of  King  David  I.,  A.D.  1125, 
when  the  name  was  written  Greme.  Some- 
what later  it  was  written  De  Graeme,  which 
shows  its  locul  origin ;  and  indeed  it  is 
simply  a  Scottish  pronuaciatiou  of  Graham, 
which  see. 

GRAFTER.     Of  trees  ? 

GRAFTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Chester,  Glouccstei-,  Hereford,  Oxford, 
Worcester,  Warwick,  and  Northampton.  It 
is  from  Grafton-Ecgis  in  the  last-named 
CO.  that  the  Duke  of  Grafton  takes  his  title. 

GRANTHAM.     A    town    in    Lincoln- 

sliirc. 

GRAPES.     An  Innkeeper's  sign. 

GRAHAM.  The  name  h;>s  always  been 
written  interchangeably  with  Gramme — the 
Scottish  oi'thography.  The  earliest  tracea- 
ble ancestor,  (for  we  reject  of  course  the 
fifth-century  hero  Greme — See  Gramie,)  is 
AVilliam  de  GRAHA,\r,  wlio  settled  in  Scot- 
land early  in  the  XII.  century.  The  sur- 
name therefore  is  clearly  local,  and  from 
its  termination  undoubtedly  English.  The 
onlv  place  in  S.  Britain  of  the  name  which 
we  find  is  Graham,  near  Kesteveu  in  Lin- 
colnshire.    H.R.,  vol.  i.,  page  288. 

GRAIN.  GRAINE.  An  island-parisli 
of  Kent. 

GRAINGER.     See  Granger. 

GRAMMER.  O.  Norse,  gramr,  a  kinn-. 
Ferg. 

GRANCESTER.  Grantchester,  a  parish 
in  Cambridgeshire. 

GRANDISON.  Camden  places  this  among 
the  great  fixmilies  who  came  liither  at  the 
Conquest  from  the  Netherlands.  The  name 
was  eminent  in  the  XIII.  cent.,  and  at  the 
siege  of  Carlaverock  (a.d.  1.300)  "  William 
de  Grandison  (Grant  son)  bore  paly,  silver 
and  azure,  surcharged  with  a  red  bend,  and 
thereon  three  beautiful  eaglets  of  fine  gold." 
Nicolas'  Siege  of  Carlav. 

GRANDORGE.  The  family  of  De 
Graind'orge  existed  in  Normandy  at  an 
early  period.  In  the  reign  of  Louis  XI. 
they  were  ennobled  by  the  title  of  Vicomte  de 
Graindorge  of  Falaise.  In  the  reign  of  king 
Stephen,  a  branch  came  into  England  and 
assisted  in  the  endowment  of  Fni'uess  Ab- 
bey. The  family  flourished  in  liuightl}-  de- 
gree until  the  XV.  century,  principally  in 
Craven,  co.  York.  A  William  G.  fought  at 
Agincourt,  and  a  Nicholas  G.  was  master- 
forester  to  Roger  de  Clifford.  See  Armorial 
General  of  France,  Nicolas'  Agincourt, 
and  Whittaker's  Craven.  Our  old  English 
ntime  of  Barlicorn,  (see  H.R.)  may  be  a 
translation.  The  arms  of  the  family  (three 
ears  of  barley)  allude  to  die  name. 


GRANGE.  Fr.  A  barn;  applied  in 
monastic  times  to  the  homestead  of  an  out- 
Ij'ing  manor  belonging  to  an  abbey  or 
priory.  Mr.  Chas.  Knight  says,  "a  lone 
farm-house." 

"  What  tell'st  thou  mo  of  robbuig  ?  this  is  Venice ; 
My  liouse  is  not  a  graiuje." 

Othello,  i.  1. 

Several    liamlets   in   various   cos.   are  so 
called. 

GRANGER.  See  Grange.  The  bailill" 
who  presided  over  one,  was  called  Ate 
Grange,  (H.R.)  and  afterwards  Granger. 

GRANT.  "Nothing  certain  is  known  re- 
garding the  origin  of  the  Grants.  They 
have  been  said  to  be  of  Danish,  English, 
French,  Norman,  and  of  Gaelic  extraction, 
but  each  of  these  suppositions  depends  for 
support  on  conjecture  alone."  Skene's 
Highlanders,  ii.  254.  The  advocates  of  a 
Gaelic  source  adduce  a  tradition  which 
makes  them  McGregors.  Those  wdio  con- 
sider the  name  French,  derive  it  h-om grand. 
On  the  first  appearance  of  the  family  in 
Scotland,  it  is  written  "dictus  Grant,"  af- 
terwards "le  Grant,"  and  sometimes  ridicu- 
lously "de  Grant,"  for  there  was  no  ancient 
property  so  called.  As  to  "  le,"  that  particle 
was  prefixed  by  clerks  to  most  Highland 
epithets,  as  well  as  to  Norman.  The  name 
first  occurs  in  charters  in  1258.  Ibid.  p. 
250.  Other  accounts  of  the  name  are  given 
by  Dixon,  edit.  1S55,  where  we  meet  with 
the  following  anecdote.  "A  wag  contrived 
to  alter  in  tlie  family  Bible  of  a  former  laird 
of  Grant,  tlie  words  in  Genesis,  'There  were 
ffiants  in  those  days,'  into  '  There  were 
Grants  in  those  days ; '  and  the  good  old 
chief  believed  it  I" 

GRANVILLE.     See  Grenville. 

GRASS.     Fr.  gras.    Fat,  stout. 

GRASSBY.     A  parish  in  Lincolnshu-e. 

GRATTON.     A  liamlet  in  Derbyshire. 

GRAVE.  1.  A  northern  pronunciation 
of  Grove.  2.  A  bailiff  or  reeve.  3.  A 
ca\'e.  4.  A  personal  name,  whence  Graves 
and  Graveson. 

GRxVVELEY.  Parishes  in  the  counties  of 
Herts  and  Cambridge.  A  Raljih  deG ravel e 
occurs  in  the  lumdrcd  of  Edwiustree,  in  the 
former  shire,  temp.  Edward  I.     H.R. 

GRAA^ELL.  If  not  from  Gravelle  near 
Lisieux  in  Normandj^,  may  be  derived  from 
the  soil  upon  •which  the  first  proprietor  of 
the  name  dwelt,  like  Clay,  Sands,  &c. 

GRAVENOR.     See  Grosvenor. 

GRAVER.     Perhaps  the  same  as  Grovcr. 

See  Grave. 

GRAVES.     See  Grave,  4. 

GRAVETT.     A  little  Grove. 

GRAY.     See  Grey. 

GRAYGOOSE.  A  sobriquet.  The 
name  Greengoose  is  also  found.  It  is  pro- 
bable that  the  two  appellations  originated  in 
the  same  locality  and  Avcre  somewhat  auti- 


GRE 


137 


GRE 


thetical  of  each  other — the  Gray  beiug  tho 
old,  aud  the  Green,  the  young,  (joose. 

GRAYHURST.  rerhai)s  from  Graven- 
liurst,  CO.  Bedford. 

GRAYLING.     See  Fishes. 

GRAYSON.     See  Greyson. 

GRAZEBROOK.  The  G.'s  of  cos.  Staf- 
ford and  Gloucester  descend  from  Gerse- 
burg,  Gersebroc,  or  Greysbrook,  co.  York, 
which  manor  they  held  with  others  in  fee 
from  the  Conquest.     B.L.G. 

GRAZIER.     The  occupation. 

GREAM.     The    same    as    Graham   and 

Graeme,  which  see. 

GREAR.     See  Gregory. 

GREAT,  From  size,  like  the  Fr.  Lc 
Grand,  the  Dutch  De  Groot,  &c. 

GRE  ATA.     A  river  of  Cmnbcrland. 

GREATHEAD.  Apparently  from  the 
personal  peculiaritj'.  Ilobt.  Grosteste,  the 
celebrated  bishop  of  Lincoln,  sometimes  so 
Avrote  his  name. 

GREATHEART.     A  man  of  courage. 

GREAVES.    See  Grieve. 

GREEDY.     From  disposition. 

GREELY.  Local :  probably  in  co.  Rut- 
land, as  De  Greley  aud  De  Greyley  are 
found  there  in  H.E.  temp.  Edw.  I. 

f^"  GREEN.  A  common  prefix  to  local 
surnames,  many  of  which  camaot  be 
traced  to  their  sources  in  the  ordinary 
gazetteer,  such  as  Greengrass,  Green- 
haigh,  Greenhale,  Greenhorne  (!),  Green- 
ing, Greenland,  Grecnleaf,  Greentree, 
Greenslade,  Greenway,  Greeuwell, 
Greenberry,  Greengrow,  (-grove,)  Green- 
half,  (-haugh.)  Greensides,  Greenacre, 
Greenhead,  (-promontoi'V.)  The  prefix 
is  the  A-Sax.  grene,  and  the  comi^ounds 
mostly  explain  themselves. 

GREEN.  From  residence  near  an  unen- 
closed space,  or  common  ground.  H.R.  Ate- 
Grene,  Del  Grene,  De-la-Grene,  and  A  la 
Grene.  As  every  village  had  its  green,  the 
commonness  of  the  name  is  easily  accounted 
for.  The  Lond.  Direct,  for  1852  mentions 
222  traders  so  called,  besides  a  few  Greenes. 
Grene  is  also  a  personal  name  occurring  in 
Domesday. 

GREENE.     See  Green. 

GREENER.    From  residence  at  a  green. 

GREENFIELD,  A  Lincolnshire  hamlet. 
Also  a  corruption  of  Grenville  or  Granville. 

GREENGOOSE     See  Graygoose. 

GREENIIILL.  A  liberty  in  co.  Lin- 
coln. 

GREENHORNE.  This  undesirable 
surname  appears  to  be  of  the  local  kind, 
and  the  place  from  Avhich  it  is  derived  is 
probably  in  Scotland. 

GREENIIOW.     A  township  co.  York. 


GREENISH.  Has  no  reference  to  green- 
ness, either  physical  or  mental.  It  is  doubt- 
less a  corruption  either  of  Greenwich,  co. 
Kent,  or  of  '  Greenwish,'  a  local  name. 

GREENLEAF.  A  character  in  the  pa- 
geants of  Robin  Hood.  See  Eng.  Surn.  i. 
184,  note. 

GREENMAN.  Perhaps  the  same  as 
Greener ;  or  it  may  be  a  keeper  of  game, 
from  the  colour  of  his  costume  in  the  old 
times  of  "  vert  aud  venison."  A  keeper  of 
Rroyle  park,  at  Ringmer,  co.  Sussex,  on  re- 
tiring from  his  duties  opened  an  inn,  to 
which  he  gave  the  name  of  the  Green  Man, 
the  sign  beiug  his  own  portrait. 

The  name  ^\as  also  given  to  the  'salvage' 
or  'man  of  the  wood,'  in  old  shows.  See 
Woodhouse. 

GREENWELL.  "The  wide-spreading 
and  ancient  family  of  Greenwell  are  des- 
cended from  Gulielmus  Presbyter,  who  in 
1183,  as  ajDpears  from  'Boklon  Buke,'  held 
the  lands  of  Greenwell  in  the  parish  of  Wal- 
singham,  co.  Durham,  and  whose  son  James 
assumed  the  name  of  the  place  of  his  in- 
heritance,"  B.L.G. 

GREENWOOD.  I  find  no  specific 
locality  called  ]>y  this  name ;  but  it  is  quite 
probable  that  in  old  times  many  a  sjdvan 
district  gave  a  name  of  distinction  to 
lovers  of  "vert  and  venison,"  whose  abode 
was  "  the  merrie  green-wood." 

GREER.     See  Gregory. 

GREG.  See  Gregory.  Gregg  of  Nor- 
clifte  Hall,  co.  Chester,  claims  from  the  clan 
iMacgregor  of  Scotland.  Kings  James  VI. 
(I)  and  Charles  I.  issued  edicts  against  the 
clan  Gregor,  denouncing  the  whole  clan, 
and  forbade  the  use  of  the  name;  in  conse- 
quence of  which  mau}'  of  the  race  became 
Campbells,  Gregorys,  Greigs,  and  Gregs. 
B.L.G. 

GREG  ORSON.     See  Gregory. 

GREGORY.  The  well-known  personal 
name  has  not  onlj'  become  a  surname,  but 
has  given  rise  to  various  others,  especially 
Gregorson,  Gregg,  Gregson,  Griggs,  Grigson, 
Greig,  Grix,  and  possibly  Grocock.  These 
forms  are  mostly  Scotch,  and  Grier  aud 
Grierson,  not  to  mention  Mac-Gregor,  are 
cntirelj'  so. 

The  family  of  Gregory  of  Warwickshire 
is  traced  to  John  G.,  lord  of  the  manors  of 
Freselev  and  Asfordby,  co.  Leicester,  in  the 
XIII.  cent.  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men. 

GREGSON.     See  Gregory. 

GREIG.     See  Gregory. 

GREIVE.     See  Grieve. 

GRENE.     See  Green. 

GRENTMESNIL.  Literally  '  the  great 
manor,'  a  place  in  Normandy.  According 
to  Ordericus  Yifalis,  Hugo  de  Greutmesnil 
was  made  governor  of  the  county  of  Hants, 


GUE 


138 


GRI 


3  Will.  Conq.,  and  was  high  steward  to  that 
monarch's  son  Rufus.     Kelham. 

GRENVILLE.  The  Grenvilles  of  Woot- 
ton,  CO.  Bucks,  descend  from  Eichard  de 
Grenville,  who  came  in  with  the  Conqueror 
in  the  train  of  Walter  Giflard,  earl  of  Lou- 
gueville  and  Buckingham,  whose  son  in  law 
he  was.  The  name,  which  has  been 
variously  written,  Greynevile,  Greinville, 
Granville,  &c.,  and  latinized  De  Granavilla, 
was  doul:>tless  borrowed  from  Granville, 
the  well-known  seajiort  of  Lower  Nor- 
mandy. The  Grenvilles  of  the  West  are 
of  the  same  stock.  George  G.  of  Stowe,  in 
Cornwall,  the  poetical  Lord  Lansdowne, 
writing  in  1711  to  his  nephew,  Wm.  Henry, 
Earl  of  Bath,  says  :  "  Your  ancestors  for  at 
least  five  hundi-ed  years  never  made  any 
alliances,  male  or  female,  out  of  the  western 
counties  :  thus  there  is  hardly  a  gentleman 
either  in  Cornwall  or  Devon,  but  has  some 
of  your  blood,  as  you  of  theirs."  Quart. 
Eev.  V.  CIL  p.  297.  The  G.'s  of  the  Buck- 
inghamshire Stowe  could  boast  of  a  still 
longer  territorial  stability. 

The  more  correct  form  of  the  name  is 
Granville,  the  spelling  now  and  anciently 
used  for  the  town.  George  Grenville,  in 
his  letter  to  his  kinsman  Charles,  Lord 
Lansdowne,  on  the  bomliardment  of  the 
town  of  Granville,  in  Normandy,  by  the 
English  fleet,  alludes  to  the  arms  of  Gran- 
ville as  till  then  preserved  over  one  of  the 
gates  of  that  town  : — 

"  Those  arms  which  for  nine  centuries  (?)  have  braved 
Tlie  vnrath.  of  time,  on  antique  stone  engraved, 
Kow  toiTi  by  mortars,  stand  yet  undefaced 
On  nobler  trophies,  by  tliy  valour  raised. 
Safe  on  tliy  eagle's  mngs  they  soar  above 
The  rage  of  war  or  thunder  to  remove ; 
Borne  by  the  bird  of  Cresar  and  of  Jove." 

The  allusion  here  is  to  his  lordship's 
creation  as  a  Count  of  the  Empire,  tlie 
family  arms  to  be  thenceforth  borne  on  the 
breast  of  the  imperial  eagle.  It  seems  sin- 
gular that  the  noble  family  should  have 
tolerated  the  spelling  Grenville,  though 
Clarendon  goes  even  further,  and  writes 
Greeuvil,  ^;a.s.siw.  A  still  grosser  corrup- 
tion brings  the  great  town  {gmnde  villc)  to 
the  level  of  a  Grcen-fiehl.  There  is,  ho^v- 
ever,  a  locality  in  Normandy  which  aj^pears 
really  to  have  experienced  this  metamor- 
phosis, for  of  another  Granville  there  runs 
a  proverb : — 

"  Gran\-illc,  grand  vilain! 
Une  cglise  ct  un  moulin, 
On  voit  Granville  tout  ."i  plein." 

Wright's  Essmjs,  1.  134. 

GRESHAM.     A  parish  In  Norfolk. 

GRESLEY,  Did  no  such  place  as 
Gresley,  co.  Derby,  exist,  I  should  be  dis- 
posed to  assign,  as  the  ancestor  of  the  family, 
that  Domesd.  tenant,  Albertus  Greslct,  who 
held  "  inter  Eipara  ct  ]Mersam ;''  but  the 
Gresley  pedigree  is  clearly  traced  to  the  Con- 
quest, and  even  to  an  earlier  date,  as  cadets 
of  the  great  house  of  Toni,  hereditary 
standard-bearers  of  Normantly.  Lysons' 
Derb.  "  Descended  from  Nigel,  called  De 
Stafford,  mentioned  in  Domesd.  and  said  to 
have  been  a  younger  son  of  Roger  de  Toni, 
and  very  soon  after  the  Conquest  estaljlished 


in  Derbyshire,  first  at  Gresley  (_7tnde  nomeii) 
and  afterwards  at  Drakelow  in  the  same 
parish,"  where  they  still  remain.  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

GRETTON.  Places  in  cos.  Northampton 
and  Gloucester. 

GREVILLE.  Greville,  a  parish  at  the 
extremity  of  the  isthmus  of  I^a  Hogue  in 
Normandy,  is  supposed  to  have  given  name 
to  the  Lord  of  Greville,  who  accompanied 
William  I.  to  the  Conquest  of  England  ;  but 
this  is  uncertain,  as  there  were  three  dis- 
tinct fiefs  which  gave  to  their  possessors  the 
title  of  Sire  de  Grevile.  JI.  De  Gerville  in 
Mem.  Soc.  Antiq.  Norm.  1825. 

"  This  family  w^as  founded  [re-founded] 
by  the  M'ool-trade  in  the  XIV.  cent.,  Ijy 
William  Grevel,  '  the  flower  of  the  wool- 
merchants  in  the  whole  realm  of  England,' 
who  died  and  was  buried  at  Campden,  in 
Gloucestershire,  in  1401."  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men. 

GREW.  1.  A  greyhound.  North.  (Old 
l^eople  in  Sussex  say  (jreirhovtid.)  2.  An 
old  Scotticism  for  grove  is  grcue.  Jamie- 
son. 

GREY.  jMost  genealogists  derive  this 
ancient  and  noble  family  from  Fulbert, 
chamljerlain  to  Eobert,  duke  of  Normandy, 
who  held  by  his  gift  the  castle  of  Croy,  in 
Picardy,  from  Avhence  the  name  is  assumed 
to  have  been  borro\ved.  There  is  liowtA^er 
no  evidence  for  this ;  for  the  pedigree  is 
only  traced  to  Henry  de  Grey,  to  whom 
Eichard  Ceeur-de-Lion  gave  the  manor  of 
Thurrock,  co.  Essex,  which  manor  was  sub- 
sequently known  as  Grey's  Tliurrock.  From 
the  "Recherchcs  sur  le  Domesd."  of  D'Anisy, 
it  appears  proliable  that  the  family  came 
from  Grai  or  Gray,  a  village  near  Caen. 
However  this  may  be,  the  first  settler  of  the 
name  in  England,  was  clearly  Anchitillus 
Grai,  a  Domesd.  tenant  in  Oxfordshire. 

GREYSON.  Probably  Gregorson,  the 
son  of  Gregory, 

GRICE.     O.  Fr.    A  pig.     See  Purcell. 

GRIEF,     See  Grieve. 

GRIER.     See  Gregory. 

GRIERSON.  The  son  of  Gregor;  de- 
scended from  the  clan  Gregor.  B.L.G. 
under  Macadam. 

GRIEVE.  A-Sax.  gerefa,  pra?ses,  like 
the  Germ.  {iraf.  In  Scothind  the  manager 
of  a  farm,  or  superinteudent  of  anyAvork— 
a  reeve.  It  has  been  A'ariously  corrupted  to 
Greive,  Greaves,  Greeves,  &c. 

GRIFFIN.  A  common  baptismal  name 
in  Wales.  Domesday  shews  us  a  Grifin  in 
Cornwall,  and  in  Chesliire  a  Grifin  lice, 
first  a  fiivom-ite  of  Edw.  the  Confessor,  and 
afterwards  a  rebel  against  him.  He  was 
probably  a  Welsli  border  prince.  The  same 
old  record  presents  us  with  a  "  Grifin  puer" 
and  a  "  Grifin  filiusMariadoc,"  most  likely 
identical,  as  a  tenant  in  chief  in  co.  Here- 
ford. 


GRI 


139 


GRIFFINHOOFE.  This  Germ,  name 
was  introduced  into  Ensl^md  by  one  of  the 
physicians  of  Geo.  I.  Mr.  Fox  Talbot  ob- 
serves that,  "  one  might  suppose  this  to  be 
from  the  Germ,  grafen-lurf,  implying  some 
person  attached  to  the  court  of  a  count,  it 
there  had  not  existed  a  Germ,  family  name 
Greifenklau,  or  the  Griffin's  Claw.  Eng. 
Etym.  302.  In  medieval  poems  &c.  many 
references  to  griffins'  claws  arc  found.  In 
"  Ruodlieb,"  the  hero  wears,  apparently,  a 
hunting  horn  made  of  such  a  talon. 

"  Pendet  ef  &  niveo  sibimet  gripis  vngula  coUo." 
The  so-called  griftins'  claws  were  doubt- 
less the  horns  of  some  species  of  the 
genus  ios,  or,  as  Dr.  Grew  thmks,  of  the 
ihex  mas.  See  some  curious  details  in 
Curios,  of  Heraldry,  pp.  97,  98. 
GFvIFFITH.  GRIFFITHS.  A  well- 
known  Welsh  baptismal  name. 

GRIGGS.     See  Gregory. 

GRIGNON.     "  Chagrin,  et  de  mauvaise 

humeur,"    generally   applied  to    children. 

Decorde's  Diet,  du  Patois  du  Pays  de  Bray. 

GRIGSON.    GREGSOK    See  Gregory. 

GRIMBELL.     The   old  personal  name 

Grimbald. 

GRIMBLEBY.  Apparently  from  Grim- 
oldly,  a  parish  in  co.  Lincoln. 
GRIjMES.  Grym,  an  ancient  personal 
name,  apparently  Scandinavian,  _  whence 
Grirason  and  the'  local  names  Grimwood, 
Grimshaw,  Grimsdale,  Grimwade,  and 
several  others  to  be  found  in  their  proper 
places. 

GRIjMLEY.       a    parish    in    co.    Wor- 
cester. 
GRIINIM.     See    Grimes.      The    etymon 
seems  to  be  the   0.  Norse    (jvlmr,   grim, 
fierce. 

GRIjMSBY.     a  town  in  Lincolnshire. 
GRIMS0:N'.     See  Grimes. 
GRIMSTON.     Several  places  bear  this 
designation,  four  of  them  m  Yorkshire,  the 
ancient  and  present  abode  of  the  family. 
The  pedigree  is  traced  to  Sylvester,  who  is 
traditionally  said  to  have  attended  the  Con- 
queror from  Normandy  in  the  capacity  of 
standard-t'earer:     He  settled  at  Grimstou, 
and  held  his  lands  of  the  Lord  Eosse,  and 
he  or  his  immediate  descendants  took  the 
name  of  De  Grymeston.    B.L.G.    His  pos- 
terity have  been  resident  there  from  the 
period  of  the  Conquest.     Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men. 
GRIND  ALL.     A  chnpelry  in  Yorkshire. 
GRINDER.    A  journeyman  miller— still 
so  called  in  the  S.  of  England.    Le  Grindar. 
H.R. 

GRINDLEY.   GRINDLAY.     A  town- 
ship united  with  Tushiugham,  co.  Chester. 
GRINDON.     Parishes  in  cos.    Stafford 
and  Durham. 


GRO 

GRINSTED.     E.   and  W.,   parishes  in 

Sussex. 

GRENTER.  One  who  has  the  care  of  a 
granary.  Scotch  graintcr,  from  Fr.  grene- 
iler.  In  Aberdeenshire  this  person  is  called 
griutalman.     Jamieson. 

GRISELL.  GRISSELL.  A  Saint  Gri- 
zelda  or  Grizel  occurs  in  Scotland,  though 
omitted  by  Camerarius  in  his  list  of 
Scottish  saints.  Chambers'  Pop.  Rhymes 
of  Scotland.  A  less  complimentary  deriva- 
tion would  be  from  grisrl,  the  diminutive  of 
the  A-Norm.  grls,  .a  pig.  So  we  have  the 
vernacular  Pigg,  Wildbore,  and  other  ana- 
logous surnames.     See  Purcell. 


GRIX.     See  Gregory. 

GROAT.     See  Money — or  perhaps  the 
same  as  Grote. 

GROCER.     The  occupation. 

GROCOCK.    Possibly   a    diminutive  of 
Gregory. 

GRONOW.  An  ancient  Welsh  personal 
name.  King  Henry  VII.  was  grand-mater- 
nally  descended  from  Sir  Tudor  ap  Grouow, 
who  lived  temp.  Edw,  III. 
GROOM.  GROOME.  "One  who  at- 
tends, observes,  takes  or  has  the  care  or 
custody  of  anything,  whether  of  horses, 
chambers,  garment,  bride,  &c."  Richard- 
son. Dutch  grom,  an  attendant. 
GROOMBRIDGE.     A  chapelry  in  Kent. 

GROOT.     Originally  De  Groot,  (that  is 
the  great  or  big)  from  Holland.     The  real 
surname  of  the  illustrious   Grotius.     The 
connection  between  the  Dutch  and  English 
Groots  is  sufficiently  shewn  in  one  of  Dr. 
Johnson's  letters  to  his  friend.  Dr.  Vyse,  of 
Lambeth.  "  I  doubt  not  but  you  will  readily 
forgive  me  for  taking  the  liberty  of  request- 
'm<y  your  assistance  in  recommending  an  old 
frimd  to  his   Grace   the  Archbishop,   as 
Governor  of  the  Charter-House.    His  name 
is  De  Groot ;  he  was  born  in  Gloucester ;  I 
have  known  him  many  years.     He  has  all 
the  common  claims  to  charity,  being  old, 
poor,  and  infirm  in  a  great  degree.     He  has 
likewise  another  claim,  to  which  no  scholar 
can  refuse  attention  ;  he  is  by  several  des- 
cents the  nephew  of  Hugo  Grotius— of  him 
from  whom  perhaps  every  man  of  learning 
has  learnt  something.     Let  it  not  be  said  m 
any  lettered  country  that  a  nephe^v  of  Gro- 
tius asked  a  charity  and  was  refused.  I  am, 
reverend  sir,  your  most  humble  servant, 
S-Ui.  JOHKSON.    July  9,  1777." 

GROSE.     See  Gross. 
GROSER.     See  Grocer. 
GR  OS  JEAN.     See  John. 
GROSS.     GROSSE.     Fr.  gros.     Great, 
big,  as  to  stature. 

GROSS^IITH.     See  under  Smith. 
GROTESTE.     See  Greathead. 
GROSVEXOR.     Le  Gros  Fencwr— "the 


GUB 


140 


GUN 


great  or  chief  launter" — that  office  having 
been  hereditary  in  the  family  under  the 
dulvcs  of  Normandy.  The  family  descend 
from  an  uncle  of  KoUo  the  founder  of  Nor- 
mandy ;  and  the  first  settler  in  England  was 
Gilbert  le  Grosvenor,  nephew  of  Hugh 
Lupus,  earl  of  Chester,  who  was  nephew 
of  the  Conqueror.  This  illustrious  name 
is  properly  latinized  Magnus  Venator,  hut 
sometimes,  absurdly,   De  Grosso  Yenatore. 

GROTE.  Perhaps  Dutch  groot,  big  of 
stature.  See  Groot.  Grotc  without  prefix 
is  in  H.R. 

GROUCOCK.     See  Gregory. 

GROUSE.  "Is  certainly  not  from  the 
bird,  but  from  an  old  Germ,  name  Grauso, 
VI.  cent.,  which  Forstmaun  refers  to  A-Sax. 
greosan,  horrere."    Ferguson. 

GROUT.     The  same  as  Groot. 

GROVE.  From  the  original  bearer's 
residence  near  one.  Hence  also  the  common 
names  Groves  and  Grover.  Tlie  Groves  of 
Fern,  co.  Wilts,  claim  descent  from  John  de 
Grove  of  Chalfont  St.  Giles,  who  died  26 
Edward  III. 

GROVER.     See  Grove. 

GROVES.     See  Grove. 

GROWSE      See  Grouse. 

GRUBBE.  "The  family  of  Grubbo, 
6pelt  in  the  old  registers  Griilie  or  Groube, 
migrated  from  Germany  about  the  year 
1430,  after  the  Hussite  persecutions,  and 
subsequently  settled  at  Eastwell  in  the  par- 
isli  of  Potterne,  co.  Wilts,  where  they  have 
ever  since  remained.  B.L.G.  The  name 
is  analogous  in  signification  to  our  Pitt. 

GRUiNIBLE.  A  corruption  of  the  per- 
sonal name  Grimbald. 

GRULIBRIDGE.     See  Groombridge. 

GRUND.     See  Grundy. 

GRUNDY.  Apparently  the  old  Teutonic 
personal  name  Grund,  whence  Grundis- 
borough,  a  parish  in  Suffolk. 

GRYLLS.  An  old  Cornish  fimily.  The 
manor  ofGrylls  (comnionly  mispronounced 
Garles),  from  which  they  proliably  derive 
their  name,  is  in  the  parish  of  Lesnewth  in 
that  county. 

GUBBDTS.  GUBBES^GS.  May  be  de- 
rived from  the  old  Norman  family  name  of 
Gobion ;  or  more  proliably  from  the  French 
gohln,  a  himchback  or  i]l-formed  man. 
This  name  was  borne  by  a  singular  tribe  or 
horde  of  barbarians,  wlio  from  the  XV.  to 
the  XVII.  century  infested  the  borders  of 
Dartmoor.  Fuller,  writing  of  Ihem  in  1(502, 

•  says:— 

"Hitherto  liave  I  met  with  none  wlio  could  render 
a  reason  of  tlieir  name.  We  call  the  shapings  of  fish 
wiiich  are  little -svovth,  gubbings ;  ami  sure  it  is  they 
are  sensible  that  the  word  importeth  shame  and  cUs- 
grace.  As  for  the  suggestion  of  my  worthy  and 
learned  friend,  Jlr.  Joseph  Maynard,  borro\\'ed  fi-om 
Buxtorfius  that  such  who  did  'hiliabitare  montes  gib- 
berosos'  were  called  Gulibings,  such  will  smile  at  the 
ingenuity,  who  dissent  from  the  truth  of  the  etymo- 
logy. 


"  I  have  read  of  an  England  beyond  Wales ;  but  l\\A 
Gubbings  land  is  a  Scytliia  within  England,  and  they 
pure  heathens  therein.  It  lieth  nigh  Brent-Tor,  on 
the  edge  of  Dartmoor.  It  is  reported  that  some  two 
hundred  years  since,  two  strumpets  being  with  child 
fled  hither  to  hide  themselves,  to  whom  certain  lewd 
fellows  resorted,  and  this  was  their  fil'st  original." 

"  They  are  a  peculiar  of  their  o\\n  making,  exempt 
fi-om  bishop,  archdeacon,  and  all  authority,  either 
ecclesiastical  or  civil.  They  live  in  cots  (rather  holes 
than  houses)  like  swine,  having  all  in  common,  multi- 
plied M-itliout  marriage  into  many  hundreds.  Their 
language  is  the  dross  of  the  dregs  of  the  mlgar 
Devonian  ;  and  the  more  learned  a  man  is,  the  worse 
he  can  understand  them.  During  our  civil  wars,  no 
solcUers  ivere  quartered  amongst  them  for  fear  of  heing 
quartered  amongst  them.  Their  wealth  consisteth  in 
other  men's  goods,  and  they  hve  by  stealing  the  sheep 
on  the  moor  ;  and  vain  it  is  for  any  to  search  their 
houses,  bemg  a  work  beneath  the  pains  of  a  sheriff  and 
above  the  power  of  any  constable.  Such  their  fleet- 
ness,  tliey  M'ill  outrun  many  horses;  w-aciousness, 
they  outlive  most  men,  livmg  in  the  ignorance  of 
luxury,  the  extinguisher  of  Ufe.  They  hold  together 
lilie  ijurrs;  offend  one,  and  all  will  revenge  his 
quari'cl. 

"  But  now  I  am  informed  that  they  begin  to  be 
civilized,  and  tender  then-  children  to  baptism  and 
return  to  be  men,  yea,  Christians  again.  I  hope  no 
cinl  people  amongst  us  -^vill  turn  barbarians,  now 
these  barbarians  begin  to  be  ciN-ilized." 

Fuller's  Worthies,  i.  398. 

GUDE.     The  Scottish  form  of  Good. 

GUDGEN.     GUDGIN.     See  Fishes. 

GUERIISr.  The  family  of  this  name  in 
England  derive  from  "a  noble  French 
faniilj',  established  in  Cliampagne,  the 
Isle  of  France,  and  Auvergne."  Burke's 
Armory. 

GUERRIER.     Fr.  A  warrior,  soldier. 

GUESS.     A  corruption  of  Guest. 

GUEST.  Gest,  an  A-Sax.  name  occur- 
ring in  Domesd.  and  before,  and  signifying 

GUESTLIXG.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

GUILLB.  See  under  ]\  [auger.  Tlie 
Jersey  family  sent  some  branches  to  Eng- 
land, wliere  they  altered  the  orthography  to 
Gill. 

GUILLTAM.     See  William. 

GUILLIM.     See  William. 

GUINNESS.  A  modern  corruption  of 
the  old  L-ish  ilagennis. 

GUISE.   A  district  in  the  east  of  France. 

GULL.  Is  susceptible  of  various  inter- 
pretations, as:  1.  The  bird;  2.  A  dupe  or  fool, 
very  common  in  the  old  dramatists, 
ancl  still  in  use;  3.  One  of  the  numerous 
modifications  of  Guillaume,  William;  4. 
See  Guille. 

G  ULLIYER.  This  name  occurs  in  Lond. 
Direct.,  in  juxta-position  Avitli  GuUi/orr/, 
suggesting  the  local  origin. 

GUMBOIL.  This  "most  villanous  of 
all  corruptions  is  the  same  no  doubt  as  au 
old  German  name  Gumpold  or  Gundbokl." 
Ferguson. 

GUM]\I.     A-Sax.  guma,  a  man. 

GUMMERSALL.     See  Gomersal. 

GUNN.  GUN.  An  ancient  personal 
name,  or  rather  a  contraction  of  one,  such  as 
Gundebert,  Gundric,  or  Guudbald. 


GUT 


141 


GYP 


GUNXEll.  An  ancient  baptismal  name 
borne  by  various  persons  who  held  lands 
prior  to  Domesd.  It  is  variously  spelt 
Gunner,  Gunnerus,  Guuncre,  Guunor,  and 
Gounar.  Gunuora  is  probably  its  femi- 
nine. 

GUNNING.  An  O.  Norse  personal 
name. 

GUNSON.  The  son  of  Gun.  82c  Guiin. 
Sackford  Gunson,  Esq.,  was  one  of  the 
commissioners  for  Surrey,  inlGlO.  Bray- 
ley's  Surrey,  i.  GS. 

GUNTER.  GUNTHER.  A  tradition 
in  the  family  says,  from  gaunt  (Vor,  allusive 
to  the  golden  gauntlets  in  their  arms ;  but 
this  is  very  improbable.  Guutaric  was  an 
old  Teutonic  personal  name,  and  Gonther 
and  Gunter  appear  as  tenants  in  Domesd. 

GUNTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Norfolk  and 
Suffolk. 

GUPPY.     Perhaps  O.  Fr.  goupil,  a  fox. 

GTJRD.  Gurth  or  Gyrtli,  an  A-Sax. 
liersonal  name,  which  was  borne  hy  one  of 
the  Ijrothers  of  Harold,  who  fell  with  him 
at  Hastings. 

GURDON.  "This  family  came  into 
England  with  the  Conqueror,  from  Gourdon 
on  the  borders  of  Perigord."  B.L.G.  But 
the  earliest  member  of  the  family  there 
mentioued  is  Sir  Adam  de  G.,  who  was 
keeper  of  Wolmer  Forest,  co.  Hants,  temp. 
Edward  I. 

GURNALL.  GURNELL.  Scott  makes 
The  Antiquary  say  of  his  residence:  "I  live 
here  as  much  a  Canobite  as  my  predecessor, 
John  o'  the  Giruell;"  and  the  Scottish 
Dictionaries  give  "  ffirnall,  ffirnell,  a  large 
chest  for  holding  meal."  The  novelist  pro- 
bably had  in  his  eye  a  brother  who  presided 
over  the  garner  or  granary  rather  than  over 
the  meal-chest  of  "  Moukbarus." 

GURNARD.     See  Fishes. 

GURNETT.  A  known  corruption  of 
Gernet. 

GURNEY.     See  Gournay. 

GURR.  Probably  from  Guenres,  a  vil- 
lage in  Normandy,  near  Diei^pe.  One  Peter 
Gyrre.  apothecary,  from  Dieppe,  a  Protestant 
refugee,  arrived  at  Rye,  co.  Sussex,  1572. 
Lansd.  M.S.     15-70. 

GURRIER.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
the  Fr.  grierricr,  a  warrior. 

GUTHRIE.  An  estate  in  Forfarshire, 
Scotland.  This  might  be  considered  a 
tolerably  satisfactory  origin  for  the  name, 
especially  as  the  family  continue  to  vrvxie 
themselves  'of  that  Ilk,'  to  the  present  day. 
Tradition,  however,  has  invented  another, 
which  is  amusingly  absurd ;  I  give  it  as  I 
find  it  in  Chambers'  Popular  Eliymes  of 
Scotland : — 

"  One  of  the  kings  of  Scotland,  when  on 
an  aquatic  excursion  to  the  northern  part 
of  his  dominions,  was  overtaken  by  a  storm, 


and  driven  ashore  on  the  east  coast,  some- 
where between  Arbroath  and  IMontrose. 
Getting  in  safety  to  land,  the  king,  like  the 
pious  j^neas,  under  similar  circumstances, 
turned  his  thoughts  upon  the  means  of  ac- 
quiring food  wherewith  to  satisfy  his  own 
hunger  and  that  of  his  attendants,  both 
considerably  sharpened  by  the  sea  breeze. 
He  had  not,  however,  the  good  fortune  of 
the  Trojan  hero  in  seeing — 

"  tres  littore  cervos 

eiTantes;" 

—nothing  appeared  on  thebare  Scottish  coast 
but  a  poor  fisherwoman,  who  was  cleansing 
some  small  fishes  she  had  just  caught. 
"  Will  you  gut  one  to  me,  good-wife  ?"  said 
the  monarch.  "  I'll  gut  three  !"  being  her 
immediate  answer,  the  king  exclaimed  in 
rapture  at  her  heartiness  and  hospitality — 

Then  GUT  THREE 
Your  kame  shall  be  I 

and  immediately  put  her  family  in  posses- 
sion of  the  adjoining  lands,  which  yet  con- 
tinue to  be  the  property  of  her  descendant, 
the  present  Guthrie  of  Guthrie  !" 

GUTSELL.  This  elegant  surname  is 
chiefly  found  in  Sussex,  and  may  be  that 
•which,  in  the  XIV.  century  was  wu-itten  De 
Guttreshole.  Godsol  and  Godsouele,  how- 
ever, occur  in  the  H.R.,  favouring  the  idea 
that  as  in  the  case  of  Godhody,  an  oath  is 
intended.  To  swear  by  the  body  and  soul 
of  the  xVlmighty  was  a  prevalent  vice  of  old 
times.  King  Edward  III.,  at  a  tournament, 
had  his  trappings  embroidered  with  this 
profane  couplet : — 
"HAY,  HAY,  THE  WYTE  SWAX ; 
BY  CODE'S   SOUL  I  AM  THY   JfAIf." 

GUTTER.  A  drain  for  water.  One 
Joh'es  of  the  Gutter  is  found  in  the  Nona3 
returns,  13il. 

GUY.  The  old  personal  name  Guido, 
probably  from  Cains,  and  the  Celtic  Kei,  as 
Baxter  thinks.     Glossary,  p.  58. 

GUYATT.     See  Wyatt. 

G  U YENNETTE.   A  native  of  Guienne  ? 

GUYER.  Old  English  guyour,  a  guider 
or  leader.     Piers  Ploughman. 

GUYMAR.     GUYMER.     See  Gayraer. 

GAVATKIN.  The  ^Yelsh  form  of  Wat- 
kin,  as  Guillim  is  of  AVilliam. 

GWILT.  Celtic  givylt,  an  inhabitant  of 
the  woods.     Thompson's  Etjonons,  p.  3. 

GWINNETT.     AYelsh— and  apparently 
a  modification  of  Gwynne. 
GWYN.     GWYNNE.     (AVelsh)  White. 
GYDE.  Possibly  a  nursename  of  Gideon. 
GYLES.     As  Giles. 
GYLL.     See  Gill. 

GYPP.  GYPSON.  Trobably  the  same 
as  Gibb  and  Gibson. 


HAD 


142 


HAG 


HaBERDINE.  Said  to  be  identical 
with  Hawardine,  which  is  clearly  the  same 
as  tlie  local  Hawarden.  If  so,  Herljerdeu 
is  a  still  fui'thei-  departure  from  the  true 
orthography. 

HACK.  A-Sax.  hcge.  A  hedge.  Tlie 
Avord  hack  is  still  used  iu  this  sense  in  co. 
Lincoln. 

HACKBLOCK.  ProbaLly  from  some 
manual  feat.  Wagstaif,  llurlbat,  Shake- 
shaft,  &c.,  are  of  analogous  derivation.  See 
under  Shakspeare. 

HACKER.  See  Hackman.  But  Mr. 
Arthur  derives  it  from  a  Dutch  word  signi- 
fying "  a  chopper,  cleaver,  or  hewer,  and 
figuratively,  a  brave  soldier." 

HACKETT.  A  known  corruption  of 
Ilarcourt,  1GG9.  See  Burn's  Tradesmen's 
Tokens,  p.  73.  But  Hacket,  a  non-prefixed 
surname,  is  found  in  H.R. 

HACKFORTH.  A  township  in  York- 
shire. 

HACKMAN.  Hack  is  a  provincial  word 
for  a  pick-axe  or  mattock,  and  also  for  a 
hedge ;  hence  Hackman  and  Hacker  may 
imply  either  a  maker  of  axes,  or  ajnender 
of  hedges. 

HACKNEY.  A  parish  in  I\Hddlcsex. 
In  H.R.  the  surname  is  written  Hakeneie, 
Hakeneye,  Hakenie,  &c. 

HACKSTAFF.     See  under  Shakspeare. 

HACKWELL.     A  parish  in  Essex. 

HACKWITH.  A  corruption  of  Ack- 
worth,  a  local  name. 

HACKWOOD,  A  corruption  of  .4c- 
wood,  "  the  wood  of  oaks." 

HACON.  A  family  so  surnamed  reside 
at  Swaffham,  co.  Norfolk,  and  are  doubt- 
less of  Norse  extraction.  Hacon  the  Good 
and  Hacon  the  Broad-Shouldcred  occur 
among  the  Kings  of  Norway ;  and  their 
deeds,  with  those  of  others  of  the  name,  arc 
recorded  in  the  Heimskringla.  In  the 
H.ll.  for  Sulfolk  (i.  181),  we  find  mentioned 
one  Semannus  Hacon,  '■  Hacon  the  Sailor," 
which  looks  sufficiently  Norwegian. 

HADAWAY.     Sec  Hathaway. 

IIADDAN.    HADDEN.     See  Haddon. 

HADDOCK.  Not  so  likely  from  the  fish 
as  from  some  place  terminating  iu  oclt. 

HADDON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Hunts  and  Northampton,  as  well  as  the 
famous  Haddon  Hall,  in  Derbyshire. 

HADEN.     See  Haydon. 

HADFIELD.     A  parish  in  Derbyshii-c. 


HADGLEY.  Probably  Haddesley,  a 
township  and  a  chapelry  in  Yorkshh-e. 

HADKISS.     A  corruption  of  Adklns. 

HADLEIGH.  HAD  LEY.  Parishes  in 
Suffolk,  Essex.  Berks,  and  Middlesex. 

HADLOAV.  A  parish  in  Kent,  which 
"  gave  both  seat  and  surname  to  a  family 
ancient  and  conspicuous,"  temp.  Edw.  III. 
Philipott's  Vill.  Cautianum. 

PIADNUTT.  Probably  Hodnet,  a  parish 
in  Shropshire. 

HAFFENDEN.  The  locality  does  not 
seem  to  be  kuown.  The  gentry  family  de- 
rive from  Lawrence  Haffeur7^'«,  of  Buggles- 
den,  bailiff  of  Tcniavdcn,  temp.  Richard  III. 
This  is  sufficient  proof  of  the  origin  of  the 
race  among  the  dens  of  Kent,  even  if  we 
did  not  know  that  they  formerly  had  lands 
at  Smarr/ew  and  ll:\\dcn.  See  Den.  It  is 
worth  recording,  tliatayoungerand decayed 
braucli  of  this  family,  the  representative  of 
which  branch  was  lately  the  keeper  of  a 
small  country  inu  at  Heathfield,  co.  Sussex, 
have,  for  a  series  of  generations,  had  right 
of  sepulture  in  Heathfield  church,  w-here 
numerous  gravestones  mark  their  claim  to 
ancient  gentry. 

HAGAN.  One  of  the  heroes  of  the 
Nibeluugeu  Lied  bore  this  name.  Hagen 
also  occurs  as  an  A-Sax.  personal  name  in 
a  charter  of  Ccadwalla,  King  of  Wessex. 

HAGG.    Broken  ground  in  a  bog.  Halllw. 

HAGGARD.  1.  According  to  B.L.G. 
the  family  are  supposed  to  l.ie  derived  from 
the  Ogards  of  co.  Herts.  2.  Haggard  is  a 
cori'uptiou  of  "  hay-garth,"  a  rick  yard, 
and  is  so  employed  iu  Hall  and  Holiushed, 
as  well  as  in  several  i^roviucial  dialects. 
See  Garth.  .3,  and  most  probabl}^,  an 
ancient  baptismal  name  which  occurs  iu 
Domesday  as  Acard  and  Acardus,  and  in 
the  H.R.  as  Hacgard. 

IIAGGER.     Sec  Haggard. 

HAGGERSTON.  The  pedigree  is  not 
regularly  traced  beyond  Robert  de  Hagres- 
ton,  lord  of  Hagreston  in  1399,  althougli  a 
Robert  de  Hagardestou  occurs  in  1.312.  The 
name  is  derived  from  Haggerston  Castle, 
CO.  Northumberland.  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Jlen,  p.  ICl.  Some  genealogists 
derive  the  name  from  Plalkerston,  in  Scot- 
land. William  and  Richard  de  H.  are 
witnesses  to  a  donation  anno  1190.  The 
settlement  of  the  family  iu  England  seems 
to  haA  e  taken  place  on  the  marriage  of 
Thomas  de  H.  with  a  coheir  of  Umfreville 
of  Northumberland.   Kimber's  Baronetage. 

HAG  ON.     See  Hacon. 


HAI 


143 


HAL 


HxVGUE.  Perhajis  the  same  as  Haig  or 
Haigh. 

HAGWORTHINGHAM.  A  place  near 
Grimsby,  co.  Lincoln. 

HATG.  From  Sir  K.  Douglas'  Baronage 
of  Scotland  it  appears  that  this  family 
claim  a  Pictish,  or  an  ancient  British  ex- 
traction ;  but  as  in  many  similar  cases  the 
name  is  only  traceable  to  the  XI.  century, 
and  the  reign  of  Malcolm  IV.  and  William 
the  Lion,  ^vhen  I'ctrus  de  Uaga  was  lord 
of  Bemcrside,  in  Berwickshire.  Twenty 
generations  of  Ilaigs  have  held  that  estate, 
and  upon  the  authority  of  a  distich,  attri- 
buted to  Thomas  the  Ehymer,  the  family  is 
perennial : 

TIDE,  TIDE,   WHATE'EK  BETTDE, 
there'll  aye  be  IIAIGS  IX  BEMERSIDE. 

The  family  motto,  "  Tide  what  may," 
seems  to  have  reference  to  this  flattering 
l^rediction.  An  anecdote  is  related  of  a  no 
verj' remote  ancestor  of  the  family,  Zoroba- 
bcl  Haig,  Esq.,  with  whose  life  the  truth  of 
it  ai^peared  likel}'  to  become  extinct.  The 
lady  of  Bemerside  had  blessed  her  loving 
lord  with  twelve  daughters  in  succession, 
but  a  son  by  whom  the  name  should  be 
perpetuated  was  wanting.  The  worthy  gen- 
tleman's faith  was  sorely  tried,  and  the 
place  is  still  pointed  out  whither  he  was 
wont  daily  to  retire  to  praj'  that  God  woidd 
vouchsafe  him  au  heir.  At  length  the 
much-desired  boon  was  sent,  and  the  Ehy- 
mer's  prophecy  came  into  higher  ci-edit  than 
ever.  Scott's  Minst.  Scott.  Border,  iii.  209. 
Jerdan's  Autobiography,  vol.  i.  Chambers' 
Popular  Ehpnes,  p.  24. 

HAIGH.     A  township  in  Lancashire. 

HAIL.     See  Hale. 

HAILES.     See  Hales. 

IIAILEY.     A  cliapelry  in  Oxfordshire. 

HAILSTONE.  Alestan  is  Athelstan, 
the  ancient  personal  name.  Au  Alestan 
was  a  tenant  in  chief  in  co.  Hants  at  the 
making  of  Domesday.  The  surname  may, 
however,  be  local,  either  from  Hailston,  a 
burn  in  co.  Stirling,  famous  for  its  blocks 
of  jasper,  or  from  Ailston-hill  near  Here- 
ford. 

HAINES.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Ainulph.     Camden. 

HAINSON.       The    son    of    Halne    or 

Ainulph. 

HAIR.  A  coiTuption  of  heir,  the  eldest 
son. 

HAIRE.  This  Irish  surname,  previously 
to  the  year  1770,  was  written  OTIehir. 
The  traditions  of  the  family  deduce  them 
from  the  race  of  Fingal  in  the  third  cent., 
but  historical  evidence  carries  them  back 
no  further  than  the  reign  of  Edw.  III., 
1365,  when  the  representation  of  the  family 
vested  in  the  O'Haitchir  or  0"Hehir,  chiefs 
of  Hy  Flancha  and  Hy  Cormac,  in  the 
barony  of  Islands,  co.  Clare.  In  O'Connor's 
map  of  Ireland  published  about  lG-10,  a 
large  portion  of  that  county  still  bore  the 


name  of  "  the  O'llehir  country."  Inf.  Tho. 
Haire,  Esq.,  M.D. 

HAKE.  Doubtless  a  contraction  of 
Hacon. 

HAKEWILL.  Probably  Ilackwell,  a 
parish  in  Essex. 

HALDANE.  Ilalfdene,  a  name  occurrino' 
in  the  Saxon  annals,  is  considered  by  Fer- 
guson to  imply  a  Danish  extraction  on  one 
side  only — "half  Dane."  Hence  perhaps 
the  surname  of  the  Scottish  family.  Among 
the  tenants  in  chief  in  Norfolk,  appears  a 
Godwinus  Haldein.  Haldanus,  Haldane, 
and  other  forms  also  occur  in  Domesd.. 
principally  in  the  eastern  counties. 

IIALDEX.  High  Ilalden,  a  parish  in 
Kent. 

HALE.  1.  Healthy,  stout.  A-Sax. 
h^le,  a  brave  man,  chief,  or  hero.  2.  The 
name  of  many  localities  in  various  parts  of 
England,  particularly  in  cos.  Chester,  Cum- 
berland, Kent,  Lancaster,  Northampton, 
Hants,  and  Lincoln.  3.  A  hall.  The  Ibrms 
in  the  H.R.  generally  relate  to  this  meaning, 
as  De  la  Hale,  En  la  Hale,  In  the  Hale, 
&c. 

HALES.  A  town  in  Norfolk.  Roger  de 
Halys  in  19  Hemy  II.  gave  a  tenement 
which  he  possessed  in  that  place  to  the 
x\bbey  of  Baungej\  From  him  the  Haleses 
of  Woodchurch  and  Bekesbourne,  co.  Kent, 
and  of  Coventry,  baronets,  are  presumed  to 
have  sprung.     See  Burke's  Ext.  Barts. 

HALESWORTH.     A  town  in  Suffolk. 

HALEY.     HALT.     See  Hayley. 

HALF  ACRE.  A  local  name;  or  perhaps 
A-Sax.   licer-f(vgr,  fair  or  beautiful-haired. 

HALFENAKED.  Walter  de  Halfe- 
naked  lived  in  Sussex  in  1314.  The  mano- 
rial estate  from  which  he  derived  his  name 
is  now  called  Halnaker.  It  is  near  Good- 
wood. 

HALFHEAD.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Halford  or  some  sucli  local  name. 

HALFHIDE.  Possibly  the  feudal  holder 
of  half  a  hide  of  land. 

HALFKNIGHT.  Might  appear  to  refer 
to  one  who  was  only  half  a  knight — au  oc- 
casional servitor  or  follower ;  but  from  the 
occurrence  of  one  Ivobertus  de  Halveknyeht 
in  the  H.E.  it  should  be  of  local  origin. 
The  DE  however  may  ha\-e  been  an  error  of 
the  scribe.  Other  H.E.  forms  are  Halve- 
kuit  and  Halve  Knycht. 

HALFORD.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  War- 
wick and  Salop. 

HALFPENNY.  See  Money,  denomina- 
tions of.  In  H.E.  we  have  Halpeni  and 
Halpeny  without  prefix. 

HALIFAX.  HALLIFAX.  The  York- 
shire town'. 

HALKETT.  Probably  a  diminutive  of 
Hal,  Henry.  The  Halketts  of  Hale  Hill, 
CO.  Edinburgh,  claim  descent  from  the  Hal- 
ketts, who  were  "  free  barons   in  Fiieshire 


HAL 


144 


II  A  M 


six  hundred  years  ago."  David  de  H.  was 
a  "  powerful  warrior  "  in  the  reign  of  King 
Eobert  Bruce.     B.L.G. 

IIALKINS.  See  Hawkins,  of  which  it  is 
a  more  coiTect  form. 

HALL.  A  manor  house.  In  medieval 
documents,  Atte  Halle,  Del  Hall,  De  Aula, 
&c.  The  principal  apartment  in  all  old 
mansions  was  the  hall,  and  in  feudal  times 
it  was  a  petty  court  of  justice  as  well  as  the 
scene  of  entertainment.  The  chief  servitor 
when  the  lord  was  resident,  or  the  tenant 
Avhen  he  was  non-resident,  would  uatui-ally 
acquire  such  a  surname ;  and  hence  its 
frequency.  Nearly  oOO  traders  so  called 
appear  in  the  Loud.  Direct. 

The  Halls  of  Cheshire  are  a  cadet  of  the 
Kingsle)'S  of  that  county.  The  elder  branch 
of  the  familj'  temp.  Henry  III.  assumed  the 
name  of  De  Aula,  or  Del  Hall,  from  the  hall 
or  mansion  in  which  they  resided. 

HALLAM.  There  are  parishes  so  called 
in  Derbyshire  and  Yorkshire,  and  that  part 
of  the  West  Riding  of  the  latter  county 
which  contains  the  parishes  of  Shcflield  and 
Ecclesfield  is  known  as  Hallamshire. 

IIALLEKNAVE.  A  servant  (cnajxt^ 
knave)  who  waits  in  iliQ  Hall.  This  name 
is  found  in  the  records  of  Leicester. 

HALLER.  1.  See  Hall,  and  the  termi- 
nation ER.  2.  More  probably  a  native  of 
Halle,  in  Germauj'. 

HALLETT.  L  A- Sax.  Mletta,  one  wlio 
is  hailed  or  greeted — a  hero,  nn  eminent 
man.     2.  A  diminutive  of  Hal  or  Henry. 

HALLBY.  Local ;  but  I  do  not  find  the 
place. 

HALLIDAY.  A  well-known  Scottish 
border  clan,  who  from  their  great  animosity 
against  the  Southron  are  said  to  have 
adopted  the  -svar-cry  or  slogan  of  A  Holy 
Day,  (Scottice,  "  a  Haly  Day "),  because 
the  chiefs  and  people  of  Annandale,  when- 
ever they  made  a  o-aid  or  foray  upon  the 
Saxon  border,  accounted  the  day  spent  in 
rapine  and  slaughter  a  holy  one.  Burke's 
Commoners,  ii.  1 27.  In  the  XIII.  century  the 
name  began  to  be  coimuon  on  the  soutli  of 
the  Tweed.  There  were  English  Hallidays 
in  our  Scottish  and  French  wars  under 
Edw.  in.  and  lieu.  V.  The  Hallidays  of 
the  western  counties  descend  from  Walter 
Halliday,  called  the  jUinstrcl,  who  was 
master  of  the  revels  to  King  Edward  IV., 
and  acquired  lauds  at  Rodborough,  co. 
Gloucester.     B.L.G. 

riALLIFAX.     Halifax,  a  town  in  York- 
shii'e. 

IIALLING.     A  j^arlsh  In  Kent. 

IIALLIWELL.  "  The  Holy  Well  ''—a 
name  given  to  many  sacred  fountains  in  the 
middle  ages ;  but  specifically  applied  to 
parishes  and  places  in  Lancashire,  Middle- 
sex, &c. 

HALLOW  AY.     See  Holloway. 

HALLOWELL.     The  same  as  Halliwcl! . 


HALLOWS.     Hallow,   a  parish  in   co, 
Worcester. 

HALLS.  Either  Hawes,  ^hlch  see,  or  a 
pluralization  of  Hall. 

HALLWARD.  Tlie  keeper  of  a  hall. 
See  Waed. 

HALSE.  1.  The  son  of  Hal.  See  Henry. 
2.  A  parish  in  co.  Somerset. 

HALSEY.  The  founder  of  this  family 
was  William  Hawse  alias  Chamber,  to 
whom  Henry  VIII.  granted  the  rectory  and 
patronage  of  Great  Gaddesdcn,  co.  Hert- 
ford, where,  under  the  name  of  Halsey,  the 
family  have  ever  since  resided.     B.L.G. 

HALSHAM.  Hailsham,  a  town  in  Sussex, 
where  the  family  were  flourishing  in  the 
XIV.  cent. 

HALSON.  1.  The  son  of  Hal  or  Henry. 
2.  The  same  as  Alison, 

ILVLSTEAD.     A  town  in  Essex. 

HALTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Lancaster,  Chester,  Buckingham,  Northum- 
berland, Lincoln,  York,  Sussex,  &c. 

HALY.     See  Hailey. 

HAM.  A-Sax.  Jidiii,  a  homestead, 
whence — 

B^"  HAM,   as   a    component    syllable    in 
many  local  family  names : 

"  In  Ford,  in  flam,  in  Ley,  in  Ton, 
The  most  of  English  surnames  nm." 

Professor  Leo  finds  OG  out  of  1 ,200  place- 
names  in  the  Codex  Dipl.,  vols.  i.  &  ii., 
(or  nearly  one-twelfth  of  all  the  names 
of  places  in  England  mentioned  in  tliat 
collection  of  Charters)  terminating  in 
ham.  Leo's  Local  Nomenclature,  by 
Williams,  p.  34. 

HAMBLEDON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Rutland,  Lancaster,  Buckingham,  and  York. 

HAMBROOK.  A  hamlet  in  co.  Glou- 
cester. 

HAIMBROUGIL  Of  Hanoverian  des- 
cent.     The  epitaph  on  Henry  Hambrough 

at  ,  CO.  Huntiugdon,  records  that  he 

was  of  honourable  ancestry.  He  was  born 
in  1574.     B.L.G. 

HAMER.  An  O.  Germ,  personal  name 
of  the  A'^III.  cent,  whence  probably  also 
Hammer. 

HAiMES.    See  Ames. 

HALIERTOjST.  Descended  from  Richard 

de  Hamerton.  who  was  living  in  1170,  at 
Hamerton,  co.  York.  In  the  reign  of  Edw. 
III.  the  family  acquired  Hellifield  in  the 
same  county,  where  they  still  reside.  Shir- 
ley's Noble  and  Gentle  Jlen. 

HA:\IILT0N.  a  corruption  of  Ham- 
bledon,  a  manor  in  Buckinghamshire. 
William  de  Hamblcdon,  a  yoxuiger  son  of 
Robert  de  Beaumont,  third  earl  of  Leicester, 
"  is  said  to  have  gone  about  the  year  1215 
into  Scotland,  where  he  was  well  received 
by  Alexander  II.  From  him  sprang  all  the 
noble  and  other  Scottish  lines  of  Hamilton. 


n  A  M 


145 


HAN 


A  foolish  tradition  places  the  emigration  of 
Hauiblodon  from  England  to  Scotland  a 
century  later,  temp.  Edw.  II.,  and  connects 
it  with  his  having  taken  part  witli  the  mur- 
derers of  that  King's  favourite,  Spenser. 
Compelled  b}''  the  monai'ch's  resentment  to 
leave  England,  and  being  closely  piu'sued 
into  a  forest,  Haniblcdon  and  liis  squire 
changed  clothes  with  a  couple  of  woodmen, 
whom  they  accidentally  met,  and  the  better 
to  sustain  their  assumed  cliaracter,  seized 
a  saw  and  began  to  cut  down  a  tree.  While 
engaged  in  this  act  tlieir  pursuers  jjassed 
by,  and  De  Hambledon  finding  his  attend- 
ant's gaze  directed  towards  them,  liastily 
cried  out  "  Through .'"  and  thus  diverted 
him  from  the  imprudence  of  revealing  liis 
features  to  their  view.  From  this  cir- 
cumstance, continues  the  legend,  tlie  Ha- 
miltons  borrowed  their  crest — '  an  oak  tree 
penetrated  transversely  in  the  main  stem 
by  a  frame  saw,'  and  their  motto 
'  through!'" 

The  Hamiltons  are  a  migratory  race, 
and  are  to  be  found  in  almost  everj'  region 
of  the  world.  In  the  kingdom  of  Sweden 
alone,  there  are  three  noble  houses  of  this 
name,  descended  from  officers  who  served 
Gustavus  Adolphus  in  the  30  years'  war. 
Grant's  Memoirs  of  Sir  John  Hepburn, 
p.  33. 

HAMLETT.  Hamlet  or  Ilamleth  ap- 
pears to  have  been  an  old  Scandinavian 
personal  name,  whether  the  hero  of  Shaks- 
peare's  tragedy  was  a  real  character  or 
only  an  imaginary  one.  If  this  derivation 
is  incorrect,  we  can  hardlj'  fall  back  ujjon 
hamlet,  a  small  village,  for  the  origin  of 
the  surname.  Grose  says  that  it  is  a  pro- 
vincialism for  a  high  constable. 

HAMLIN.     HAMLING.     See  Hamlyn. 

HAMLYN.  The  ancient  personal  name, 
as  Hameline  Plantagenet,  brother  of  Henry 
II. 

HAIMM.     See  Ham. 

HAIMMACK.  HAMi\IICK.  Devon- 
shire surnames,  believed  to  be  derived  from 
the  Teutonic  personal  name  Almaric  or  Al- 
meric.  In  the  Domesd.  of  Devonshire 
Haimericus  holds  Poltimore  and  other  lauds 
in  capite,  and  he  was  probably  the  founder 
of  the  family.  The  usual  orthography  prior 
to  the  beginning  of  the  XVIII.  century  was 
Halraarick,  but  it  has  been  subsequently 
still  further  corrupted  by  some  of  its  bearers 
by  the  substitution  of  the  letter  M  for  the 
liquid  L — the  obvious  result  of  a  rapid  pro- 
nunciation of  the  word.  At  length  it  was 
contracted  to  a  dissyllable.  The  older 
spelling  is  still  preserved  by  a  Staftbrdshire 
branch  of  the  family.  The  baronet  (created 
1834)  is  of  the  Devonshire  stock.  The  varia- 
tion from  Hammick  to  Hammack  in  another 
branch  is  said  to  have  originated  in  a  mis- 
spelling of  the  name  in  a  royal  commission. 
Inf.  J.  T.  Hammack,  Esq. 

HAMMANT.     See  Hammond. 

HAMMER.     According   to  Grimm  and 
Forstemann,  Hammer  or  Hamer  is  "  a  name 
u 


under  which  traces  of  Thor  are  still  to  be 
found  in  the  popular  speech  of  German}'^, 
and  it  is  derived,  no  doubt,  from  the 
celebrated  liammer  or  mallet  which  he 
wielded."  Ferguson.  This  is  rather  indi- 
rect and  inconclusive  et}'mology.  In  like 
manner  Kemble  derives  the  "  hammer- 
ponds  "  of  the  Weald  of  Sussex  from  the 
cultus  of  Thor,  (Saxonx  in  EnglaniV), 
though  it  is  well  known  that  the  majority 
of  those  ponds  were  formed  Avithin  the  last 
three  centuries  for  the  purpose  of  driving 
the  machinery  of  the  vast  hammers  which 
were  used  in  the  manufiicture  of  iron,  for- 
merly carried  on  to  a  large  extent  in  that 
district.     See  Hamer. 

HAIMMERTON.     See  Hamerton. 

HAMI\nCK.     See  Hammack. 

HAMMON.     See  Hammond. 

HAMMOND.  Hamo  is  a  well-known 
Domesd.  personal  name,  which  in  later 
times  assumed  the  form  of  Hamon,  Hamond, 
Hammond. 

HAMOND.     See  Hammond. 

HAMP.  As  we  have  the  local  names 
Hampstead,  Hampden,  Hampsthwaite,  &c., 
as  well  as  the  patronymical  Hampson,  this 
was  probably  an  ancient  personal  name. 

HAJMPDEN.         Great     Hampden,     co. 

Buckingham,  where  the  patriotic  John 
Hampden  dwelt,  in  the  ancient  seat  of  his 
ancestors. 

HAMPER.  Apparently  from  the  large 
coarse  basket  called  in  old  times  a  hanaj?er. 
The  Hanaper  Office  is  a  place  where  writs 
were  formerly  deposited  in  baskets,  and  the 
original  Mr.  Hanaper  or  Hamper  may  have 
been  connected  with  that  establishment. 
A  Galfridus  le  Hannper,  occurs  in  H.E. — 
probably  a  sobriquet. 

HAMPSHIRE.     From  the  county. 

HAIMPSON.     See  Hamp. 

HAMPSTEAD.  Parishes,  &c.  in  cos. 
Middlesex  and  Berks. 

HAMPTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Middlesex,  Chester,  Warwick,  Hereford, 
Oxford,  Worcester,  Devon,  Salop,  Wilts,  &c. 

HAMSIIAR.  This  Sussex  family  derive 
their  name,  not  from  the  adjoining  county, 
Hampshire,  but  from  an  estate  called 
Hammesherne  in  the  parish  of  Slaugham. 
Inq.  Non.  13-11. 

HANRURY.  A  parish  in  co.  AVorcester, 
which  in  Axry  early  times  was  the  seat  of 
the  family. 

HANCOCK.     See  John. 

HAND.  HANDS.  An  ancient  personal 
name.  Hand  and  Hande  are,  however, 
surnames  without  prefix  in  H.R.  Mr.  Fer- 
guson says :  "  Walking  through  Hands- 
worth  in  Staffordshire,  and  seeing  the  name 
of  Hand  upon  the  shops,  I  said  to  myself, 
'  Handsworth  is  the  nwfh  or  estate  of  a 
man  called  Hand,  and  these  may  be  des- 
cendants of  that  man.' " 


HAN 


146 


HAR 


HANDFORD. 
ford. 


A  cliapelry  in  co.  Staf- 


HANDLEY.  There  are  parislies  so 
called  in  Cheshire  and  Dorset;  but  the 
name  may  with  equal  probability  spring 
from  Andeli,  in  Normandy,  famous  as  the 
residence  of  Coeur  de  Lion,  as  the  birth-place 
of  Poussin,  the  painter,  and  for  the  tomb 
of  Corneille,  the  dramatist.  Richer  de  An- 
deli was  a  capital  tenant  in  Hampshire  at 
the  making  of  Domesday. 

HAJ?DO^T]R.  Probably  a  Cockney 
corruption  of  Andover. 

HANDSOMEBODY.  See  iinder  Body. 
It  may  however  refer  to  personal  beauty, 
like  the  Fr.  BeaiLCorps,  which  is  also  a 
family  name. 

H AXD SWORTH.  A  parish  in  StalFord- 
shire. 

HANDY.  Expert,  clever — the  charac- 
teristic of  the  iirst  bearer. 

HANDYSIDE.  As  the  orthography  in 
the  XVII.  cent,  was  Handasyd,  this  name 
was  perhaps  originally  given  to  a  i^erson 
who  had  a  badly  formed  or  ill-set  hand.  It 
ma}'  however  be  local — side  being  a  very 
nsual  termination. 

HAXFORD.  From  Hanford  or  Honford, 
CO.  Chester,  the  original  residence  and  estate 
of  the  family.  See  Ormerod's  Cheshire,  iii. 
827. 

HAXGER.  A  wooded  declivity.  "The 
high  part  to  tlie  south-west  consists  of  a  vast 
hill  of  chalk,  rising  three  hundred  feet 
above  the  A'illage ;  and  it  is  divided  into  a 
sheep  down,  the  high  wood,  and  a  long 
hanging  wood  called  the  Hajcgek.''  White's 
Selborne,  Letter  i. 

HAi'^HAM.  A  chapelry  in  co.  Gloucester, 
which  was  in  the  XIII.  cent,  the  fee  of 
Peter  de  Hanham,  the  first  of  the  name  on 
record. 

HANKEY.  A  modification  of  Haukin, 
the  nickname  or  diminutive  of  Randolph, 
prevalent  in  some  of  the  oldest  families  of 
Cheshire.  The  existing  families  of  this 
surname  derive  from  that  county,  and  the 
name  was  borne  there  in  the  rank  of  gentry 
in  the  XV.  century. 

HAKKIN.  HANKINS.  A  Cheshire 
nickname  for  Randolph,  as  in  the  ancient 
family  of  Manwaring  and  many  others. 
Hanks,  Hankin,  and  Hankinson  are  modi- 
fxcations  of  it. 

HAJs'KIXSOX.     See  Hankin. 

HANKS.     See  Hankin. 

HAN]\IER.  A  parish  in  Flintshire. 
.  The  name  was  assumed  from  that  place  by 

its  owner,  Sir  .lohn  Hamner,  temp.  Edw.  I. 

The  original  name  of  the  family  is  said  to 

have  been    Mackfel.      See    Burke's    Ext. 

Baronetage.      The  estate    is    still  in   the 

family. 

HANN.     Germ,  liahn.,  a  cock. 


HANNAH,  See  Female  Christian  Names. 

HANNAY.  Anciently  Aharmay  or 
Hannay,  of  Sorbie,  in  Wigtonshire.  A 
Gilbert  de  Anneth  or  Hannethe  is  found 
in  Rag-man  Roll,  A.D.  1296.  Nisbet's 
Heraldry. 

HANNEY.     A  parish  in  Berkshire. 

HANNINGTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Hants, 
Northampton,  and  Wilts. 

HANSARD.  An  ancient  personal  name, 
which  Mr.  Ferguson  derives  from  the 
Gothic  ans^  semi-deus,  a  hero,  with  the 
termination  Jieard,  hard.  The  Hansards 
of  Evenwood,  co.  Durham,  formerly  had  a 
seat  in  the  j^alatinate  parliament  convened 
by  the  bishop  of  Durham.  Folks  of  Shields, 
p.  18.  Hansard  is  also  a  provincialism  for 
a  bill-hook  or  hedge-bill.  The  Hansards  of 
Durham  were  commonly  characterized  as 
the  Haxbsojie  Hans.'Vuds. 

HANSELL.  A  corruption  of  Anselra, 
the  personal  name. 

HANSHAW.  The  mora  common,  but 
less  correct,  form  is  Henshaw.  It  is  doubt- 
less a  compound  of  A-Sax.  limia  and  sceaga  ; 
"theshaw  frequented  by  woodcocks." 

HANSLIP.  Ferguson  derives  the  former 
syllable  from  the  Gothic  aiis^  a  demi-god  or 
hero. 

HANSON.     See  John. 

HANWAY.  a  native  of  Hainault. 
That  country  was  so  called  until  temp. 
Henry  VIII. 

HAN^\^ELL.  A  parish  in  Middlesex, 
and  another  in  Oxfordshire. 

HANWORTH.     Parishes  in  Middlesex, 

Norfolk,  and  Lincoln. 

HAPPY.  R.G.  16.  From  natural  dis- 
position. 

HARALD.     See  Harold. 

HARBARD.  HARBERD.  A  modifi- 
cation of  the  personal  name  Herbert,  which 
in  jts  older  and  truer  form,  is  Harbard,  a 
common  Scandinavian  designation,  which 
Mr.  Ferguson  considers  to  mean  "  haiiy- 
beard ;"  but  since  a  beard  not  hairy  would 
be  a  great  anomaly,  I  prefer  "7;o«?';/-beard" 
as  the  truer  rendering. 

HARBORD.     See  Harbard. 

H[ARBOROW.  Harborough,  a  parish 
in  CO.  Warwick,  and  Market-Harborough,  a 
town  in  Leicestershire. 

HARBOTTLE.  A  small  town  in  Nor- 
thumberland. 

HARBOUR.  Any  place  of  refuge, 
whether  for  ships,  travellers,  beasts  of  the 
chase,  &c. 

HARBUD.     See  Harbard. 

HARBY.  Places  in  cos.  Leicester  and 
Nottingham. 

HARCOURT.      A    town    and    ancient 


H  AR 


147 


HAR 


chateau,  now  in  ruius,  near  Brionue  iu 
Normandy,  wliich  gave  title  to  the  Fr.  Dues 
de  Harcourt.  The  ancient  earls  of  Harcourt 
played  a  distinguished  part  in  the  history 
of  Normandy.  They  were  descended  from 
Bernard,  of  tlie  blood-royal  of  Saxony,  wlio 
having  been  born  in  Denmark  was  sur- 
named  the  Dane.  He  was  cliief  counsellor 
and  second  in  command  to  Hollo  at  the  in- 
vasion of  Neustria  in  A.D.  876,  and  ac- 
quired Harcourt  and  other  fiefs  for  his 
eminent  services.  Collins.  Robert  de 
Harcourt  attended  "William  I.  to  the  Con- 
quest of  England,  and  his  descendants  pos- 
sessed Stauton-Harcourt,  co.  Oxon,  from 
1166  to  1830,  when  the  elder  line  became 
extinct.  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 
It  is  rather  remarkable  that  this  illustrious 
and  widely-spread  name  should  have  pre- 
served itself  within  the  strict  limits  of 
patrician  life.  The  London  Direct.  (1852) 
shows  us  only  one  tradesman  so  named, 
■while  Howards,  Nevilles,  Mortimers, Percys, 
Sinclairs,  and  Pierpointsare  superabundant. 
I  have  known  a  Seymour  who  was  a  miller ; 
a  Pelham  who  was  a  rat-catcher  ;  a  Gage 
who  was  a  mendicant ;  and  a  Fitz-Gerald 
■who  was  a  strolling  player ;  there  are 
Gipseys  who  are  Stanleys ;  butchers  who  are 
Fortescues ;  huxters  who  are  Hastingses ; 
tailors  who  are  Montagues ;  and  bakers 
■who  are  Warrens  ;  but  Harcourt,  with  the 
solitary  exception  I  have  named,  seems  ex- 
clusively to  belong  to  high  life. 

HARDBOTTLE.     See  Harbottle. 

HARD.  A  quay  or  landing  place  ;  a  hard, 
that  is  a  safe  place  for  debarkation.  The 
■word  occurs  in  several  dialects,  and  a  well- 
known  instance  of  it  as  a  topographical 
term  is  the  'Common  Hard,'  at  Ports- 
mouth. 

HARDCASTLE.  Must  be,  I  think,  a 
contraction  of  Harden  Castle,  the  ancient 
residence  of  the  Scotts  of  Harden,  and  a  line 
specimen  to  this  day  of  a  border  fortress,  in 
Roxburghshire. 

IIARDE2Q".     A  parish  in  Wiltshire. 

HARDIE,  A  nortberu  spelling  of 
Hardy. 

HARDIMAN.  A  man  of  courage  and 
bravery. 

HARDIXG.  HARDINGE.  "The 
Hardings — in  A-Sax.  Heardingas,  iu  Old 
Norse  Haddingjar — wei'e  celebrated  as  an 
illustrious  and  heroic  race.  Grimm  sup- 
poses them  to  have  been  an  Eastlying 
people  of  the  Danes  and  Swedes.  (Deutsch 
Myth.)"  Ferguson.  The  late  Lord  Har- 
dinge  claimed  to  be  descended  from  a 
Danish  family  settled  near  Derby.  I'he 
Domesday  forms  are  Harding,  Hardingus, 
Hardinc  and  Filius  Harding.  The  soft 
sound  given  to  the  G,  ■when  the  E  final  is 
employed,  seems  to  be  a  modern  affectation, 
quite  unworthy  of  this  sturdy  old  racb. 

HARDINGHAM.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

HARDMAN".  According  to  an  old  su- 
perstition, a  man  "  who  by  eating  a  certain 


herb  became  impervious  to  .shot,  except 
the  shot  was  made  of  silver."     Halliwell. 

HARDIMEAT.  A  curious  corruption  of 
Hardmead,  a  jjarish  in  Buckinghamshire. 

HARDRES.  Robert  de  Hardres  is  men- 
tioned in  Domesd.  imder  Lj^minge,  co.  Kent. 
There  are  two  parishes  in  that  county  so 
called,  and  Hardres  Coui't  was  the  family 
seat  down  to  the  extinction  of  the  baronetcy 
in  1764.  An  undisputed  tradition  saj^s  that 
the  family  came  from  Ardres  in  Picardy, 
and  conferred  their  name  upon  the  Kentish 
localities — a  cii'cumstance  of  rare  but  not  of 
unique  occurrence.  In  Heraldic  Visitations 
and  iu  records,  the  name  is  sometimes 
corrupted  to  Hards. 

HARDS.  The  Sussex  family  so  desig- 
nated originally  wrote  themselves  Hardres, 
and  they  are  known  to  have  been  of  that 
family. 

HARDSTAFF.  This  uame  is  found  iu 
Sherwood  Forest,  and  looks  like  an  appel- 
lation as  old  as  the  days  of  Robin  Hood  and 
Little  John. 

HARD^M:CK.      Parishes,    &c.,    in    cos.. 
Cambridge,     Gloucester,     Norfolk,    Oxon, 
Sufiblk,  Worcester,  York,  Derby,  Warwick, 
Bucks,  Northampton,  &c. 

HARDY.  Fr.  hardi,  brave,  courageous, 
hardy.     H.R.  Hardi. 

HARE.  From  swiftness  of  foot.  "  The 
family  of  Hare  (of  Stow-Bardolpli,  Barts.) 
claimed  to  be  a  scion  of  the  house  of  Hare- 
court  or  Harcourt  in  Lorraine,  who  were 
counts  of  Normandy."    Burke's  Ext.  Barts. 

HAREBY.     A  parish  in  Lincolnshire. 

HAREFIELD.     A  parish  in  Middlesex. 

HAREFOOT.  Many  names  of  places 
have  '  Hare  '  for  their  initial  syllable,  and 
many  others,  'foot,'  as  their  termination. 
I  think,  however,  that  this  surname  had  a 
figurative  reference  to  swiftness  of  foot. 
We  have  an  instance  of  this  application  iu 
king  Harold  Harefoot ;  and  at  the  present 
day  the  family  name  Pie-de-Uevre  exists 
in  France. 

HARFORD.  The  town  and  county  of 
Hertford  are  vulgarly  so  pronounced,  but 
there  is  a  parish  of  Harford  in  Devonshire 
with  which  however  the  family  do  not 
appear  to  have  been  connected.  According 
to  Burke,  "the  citnalnda gentisviPi&  Bosbury, 
CO.  Hereford,  in  the  church  of  which  parish 
there  are  several  ancient  monuments  of  the 
family."     B.L.G. 

HARGRAVE.  HARGRAVES.  Parishes, 
kc.   in   cos.   Chester,    Northampton,    and 

Suffolk. 

HARGREAVES.     See  Hargraves. 

HARINGTOK     HARRINGTON".     A 

place  in  Cumberland,  where  Robert  H.  lived 
temp.  Henry  III.  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men.  It  is  elsewhere  asserted  that 
the  baronet  springs  from  Osulphus,  who 
held  the  manor  of  Flemingley  in  Cumber- 
land temp.  Richard  I.,  and  that  his  son  took 


HAR 


148 


HAR 


the  name  of  Harington  from  a  manor  in  co. 
Durham.     Courthope's  Debrett. 

HARKER.     A  corruption  of  Harcovirt. 

riARLAND.  I  do  not  find  any  place  so 
called.  Her]  and  occurs  as  one  of  the  cha- 
racters in  the  well-known  romance  of 
"  Horn,"  as  a  personal  name.  See  Wright's 
Essays,  i.  104. 
PIARLE Y.  A  parish  In  Shropshire,  which, 
according  to  the  genealogists  of  the  noble 
family,  was  their  residence  before  the 
Norman  Conquest.  "  In  an  ancient  leiger 
book  of  the  abbey  of  Pershore,  in  Worcester- 
shire," says  Collins,  "  is  a  commemoration 
of  a  noble  warrior  of  this  name,  who  com- 
manding an  army  under  Ethelred,  king  of 
England,  in  his  wars  against  Sweyn,  king  of 
Denmark,  gave  the  Danes  a  great  defeat 
near  that  town,  about  the  year  1013. 
Before  the  Conquest,  Sir  John  de  Harley 
was  possessed  of  Harley  castle  and  lord- 
ship." The  same,  or  another,  Sir  John  de 
Harley  accompanied  the  expedition  to  the 
Holy  Land  in  1 098.  By  some  genealogists, 
both  French  and  English,  the  great  house 
of  Harlai  in  France  are  deduced  from  this 
stock,  "  though  others  maintain  that  they 
are  denominated  from  the  town  of  Arlai  in 
the  Franche-Compte  of  Burgundy.''  Collins. 
This  ancient  race  is  now  represented  by  the 
Harleys  of  Down  Rossal. 

"  Scaliger  had  a  most  ridiculous  aversion 
to  the  name  of  Harlai,  and  he  thus  ex- 
presses himself  in  Latin-Gallic  jargon. 
"  Omnes  Harlai  sunt  bizarres.  Sunt  quiu- 
que  familite,  et  omnes  avari."  (All  the 
Harlais  are  queer.  There  are  fi\'e  difterent 
families  of  them,  and  all  of  them  miserly.) 
He  proceeds  to  specify  instances  of  their 
avarice,  and  closes  his  sarcasms  with  the 
character  of  "Dominus  de  Saint  Aubin, 
qui  est  unus  ex  Harlais,  gubernator  de 
Saint  Maixeut.  Semper  vivit  in  hospitio,  ne 
cogatur  amicos  excipere.  Plusconsumo  in 
uno  anno  quam  ille."  (The  sieur  de  St. 
Aubin,  who  is  one  of  the  Harlais,  and  go- 
vernor of  St.  Maixent,  always  lives  at  an  inn, 
that  he  may  have  an  excuse  for  not  enter- 
taining his  friends.  Even  I  spend  more  in  a 
year  than  he  does).  M.  de  Mouglas,  one 
of  the  Harlai  family,  who  had  a  particular 
esteem  for  Scaliger,  happened  to  light  one 
day  upon  this  ill-tempered,  weak  paragraph. 
Very  naturally  he  flung  the  book  into  the 
fire,  and  discarded  its  writer  from  his 
friendship."    Andrews'  Anecdotes,  1790. 

HARLma.     E.    and    W.,   parislies    in 

Norfolk. 

HARLOT.  1.  A  scoundrel.  2.  A  boor ; 
synonymous  with  carle;.  Su-Gothic  hao; 
exercitus,  and  hide,  mancipium  vile,  a  boor 
or  villain.     Jamieson. 

HARLOWE.  A  hundred  and  a  parish 
in  Essex,  and  a  township  in  Northumber- 
land. 

HARMAN.  Hermann  was  the  inarching 
Mercury  of  the  old  Germans.  "  Irman, 
Armin,  Eorman,  Hermann,"  says  Professor 
Donaldson,   "  is  the  oldest   deity  of  our 


race.  He  combines  the  functions  of  the 
two  later  deities,  Tiv,  or  Ziv,  or  Ziu,  cor- 
responding to  Mars,  and  Wodan,  corres- 
ponding to  Mercury  ;  and  therefore  claims 
as  his  own  both  tlie  third  and  the  fourth 
days  of  the  week.  He  is  the  Er  or  Eorofthe 
Scythic  tribes,  and  the  Ares  of  the  Greeks. 
He  appears  equally  in  the  heroic  Arminius 
of  the  Low  Germans,  and  in  the  heroic 
Herminius  of  Roman  fable."  Cambridge 
Essays,  1856,  p.  68.  As  an  English  sur- 
name, Herman  or  Harman  is  of  great 
antiquity.  Hermann,  Hermannus,  as  a  per- 
sonal name,  is  found  in  Domesday. 

HARMER.  An  ancient  personal  name, 
occurring  in  the  Domesd.  of  Norfolk  among 
the  tenants  in  chief  as  Hermerus. 

HARMSWORTH.  A  corruption  of 
Harmondsworth,  a  parish  in  Middlesex. 

HARNESS.  The  old  word  for  body- 
armour.  Hence  Lightharness,  and  the  Fr. 
Beauharnois,  or  "  fair  harness." 

HAROLD.  The  well-known  Scandina- 
vian personal  name,  borne  by  Norwegian, 
Danish,  and  English  kings. 

HARPER.     A  performer  on  the  harp. 

HARPHAM.     A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

HARPUR.  The  family  is  traced  to 
Chesterton,  co.  Warwick,  temp.  Henry  I. 
and  II.  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men, 
p.  47.  The  name  is  synonjmious  with 
Harper,  since  it  occurs  indifferently  in  H.R. 
as  Le  Harpm-  and  Le  Harpere. 

HARR AD.     A  corruption  of  Harold. 

HARRADINE.  HARRADEXCE.  Pro- 
bably corruptions  of  Harrowden,  places  in 
COS.  Northampton  and  Bedford. 

HARRAP.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Plareup  or  Harehope,  a  township  in  Nor- 
thumberland. 

HARRIDGE.     Harwich,  co.  Essex. 

HARRIE.  A  Scottish  pronunciation  of 
Harry. 

HARRIES.  The  pedigree  Is  traced  to 
Cruchton,  co.  Salop,  A.D.  1403.  It  has 
been  supposed  that  the  Harries's  are  of  the 
old  race  of  "  Fitz-Heury,"  mentioned  in 
deeds  of  that  county,  and  who  were  seated 
at  Little  Sutton  prior  to  the  reign  of  Edward 
III.  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men,  p.  204. 

HARRIED.     The  same  as  Harold. 

HARRIMAN.       HARRYMAN.       To 

Jtame  is  an  old  northernism  for  to  pillage, 
and  a  Harriman  is  therefore  a  freebooter  or 
ravager. 

HxVRRINGTOX.  Parishes  In  cos.  Lin- 
coln and  Northampton. 

HARRIS.  From  Henry,  through  Harry, 
and  thence  Harrison.  "It  is  in  recent 
times  only,  that  a  Saxon  Harris,  equivalent 
to  Harry's  son,  has  been  converted  into  the 
etymological  mongrel  of  Fltz-Harris,  which 
is  almost  as  startling  as  Fitz-Harrison  or 
Fitz-Thompson  would  be."  Edinb.  Rev., 
April,  18-55. 


H  A  K 


149 


HAS 


HARRISON.     See  Henry. 

HARROD.     1.  Harold.     2.  Harewood. 

HARROP.     See  Harrap. 

HARROW.     A  town  in  INIiddlesex. 

HARROWER.  The  occupatiou.  A 
tiller  of  laud. 

HARRY.  See  Henry.  Harry  was  fami- 
liarly applied  even  to  royal  Henries.  See 
Shakspeare,  passim. 

HARSTOX.     A  jiarisli  inco.  Cambridge. 

HART.  A  male  deer — a  common  charge 
of  lieraldrj'.  Its  medieval  form  as  a  sur- 
name is  '  Le  Hart.'  We  have  a  large  im- 
portation of  Harts  from  Germany,  where 
the  word  imi^lies  hard,  stiif,  inflexible,  rude, 
or  severe.  Manj'  Jewish  families  hear  this 
name. 

HARTCUP.  Of  German  extraction. 
B.L.G. 

HARTFIELD.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

HARTIXG.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

HARTLAND.     A  town  in  Devonshire. 

HARTLEY.  Places  in  cos.  Kent,  Nor- 
thumb.,  Westmoreland,  Hants,  Berks,  &c. 

HARTOX.  Townships  in  cos.  Chester 
and  York. 

HARTOPP.  Local:  from  hart,  the 
animal,  and  HOPE,  which  see.  The  first  of 
the  famil)'  on  record  is  Ralph  Hartopp  who 
was  living  in  1377.     Burke's  Ext.  Barts. 

H ARTRIDGE.  Local :  "  the  hill  or  ridge 
frequented  by  deer." 

HARTSHORN.     PLIRTSHORNE.    A 

parish  in  co.  Derby. 

HART  WELL.  Parishes  in  cos.  Buck- 
ingham and  Northampton. 

HARVARD.  A  Scandinavian  personal 
name. 

HARVERSON.  The  sou  of  Harvard, 
which  see. 

HARVEY.  HERVEY.  An  ancient 
Nonnan  personal  name — TTerve.  M.  de 
Gerville  in  Mem.  Soc.  Aut.  Norm.,  1844, 
observes :  "  We  sometimes  call  it  Hervot  .  . 
La  Hervurie  signifies  the  habitation  of 
Herve."  As  a  family  designation  it  appears 
in  England  in  the  XII.  cent.  Osbert  de 
Hervey  is  styled,  in  the  register  of  St.  Ed- 
mundsbury,  the  sou  of  Hervey.  From  him 
according  to  the  Peerage  sprang  the  Herveys, 
ennobled  in  England  and  Ireland,  and  also 
(in  all  probability,  from  the  resemblance  of 
their  arms)  the  De  Hervi's  and  Hervies  of 
Aberdeenshire  and  other  parts  of  Scotland. 

HARVIE.     A  northern  form  of  Havvey. 

HAParOOD.  Prior  to  the  latter  half  of 
the  XIV.  cent,  the  name  was  written  Har- 
ward  and  Hereward,  and  tradition  derives 
the  family  from  the  celebrated  Hereward, 
the  patriot  Saxon,  who  a  few  years  after  the 
Conquest  headed  his  oppressed  countrymen 
against  the  forces  of  AVilliam.     He  was  the 


younger  son  of  Leofric,  earl  of  Mercia.  See 
Ellis'  Domesd.  i.  308  and  ii.  146.  See  also 
Wright's  Essays,  ii.  91,  &c.  It  may  how- 
ever be  of  the  local  class,  there  being  many 
places  in  England  called  Harwood. 

HASELDEN.  IMore  commonly  written 
Hesledon  ;  a  place  in  Gloucestershire,  well- 
known  for  its  alibey.  It  is  often  corrupted 
to  Hazeldine,  Haseltine,  &c.     See  Dek. 

HASELER.     See  Hasler. 

HASELGROVE.    Local :  "  the  grove  of 

hazel  trees." 

HASELL.  HAZELL.  Hasle,  a  town- 
ship in  Yorkshire. 

HASELTINE.     See  Hazelden. 

HASELTREE.  From  residence  near  a 
remarkable  hazel.     Conf  Oak,  Ash,  &c. 

HASELWOOD.   HAZELWOOD.   lla- 

slewood,  a  parish  in  Suffolk. 

HASKER.  A  Spenserean  word  for  a  fish- 
basket  is  hasli.  Hence,  perhaps,  a  maker 
of  such  baskets. 

HASKINS.  From  Haw  or  Hal,  Henry, 
with  the  diminutive  icix. 

HASLEFOOT.  Local :  from  the  hazel 
tree  and  FOOT,  Mhich  see. 

HASLEHURST.  The  hurst  or  wood 
where  hazel-trees  abound. 

HASLEMORE.     Haslemere,  a  town  In 

Surrey. 

HASLER.  The  Dutch  hasselaer,  a  hazel 
tree,  has  been  suggested ;  but  there  are 
places  in  cos.  Dorset,  Warwick,  and  Stafford 
called  Haselor. 

HASSALL.  A  township  in  Cheshire 
gave  name  to  a  great  familj'. 

HASSARD.  Of  Norman  extraction.  The 
orthography  was  originally  Hassart,  and 
the  extinct  dukes  of  Charante  were  of  the 
same  family.  Soon  after  the  Conquest  a 
branch  settled  in  co.  Gloucester,  ancl  after- 
wards removed  into  Dorsetshire.  The  Irish 
Hassards  settled  in  that  country  from  Eng- 
land, temp.  Charles  II.     B.L.G. 

HASSELL.  1.  From  the  Christian 
name  Asceline  ;  so  Ansell  from  Anselm.  In 
the  H.  R.,  Fil'Acelini,  Accllin,  Aeelyn.  2. 
Local:  De  Hassell,  co.  Oxon.     H.R. 

HASSETT.  A  common  name  in  co. 
Kerr}"-.  It  is  believed  to  be  a  contrac- 
tion of  the  surname  Blenerhassett,  just  as 
Shaulcs  is  of  Cruikshauks,  Cott  of  Cotting- 
ham,  and  Mull  of  j\Ioliueux. 

HASTIE.  Probably  alludes  to  tempera- 
ment— quick,  imi^ulsive. 

HASTINGS.  That  the  town  of  Hastings, 
CO.  Sussex,  the  chief  of  the  Cinque-Ports, 
derived  its  name  from  one  Hasting,  is  evi- 
dent from  the  Bayeux  Tapestry,  where  it  i8 
styled  ITestenga-ceastra,  "  the  fortification 
of  Hasting."  Whether  he  was  the  well- 
known  Northman  pirate  is,  however,  but 
matter  of  conjecture.      The  noble  families 


H  A  T 


150 


of  this  surname  are  descended  from  Robert 
de  Hastings,  portreeve  of  tliat  town,  and 
steward  to  Iving  William  the  Conqueror, 
(Collins'  Peerage,)  but  it  is  possible  that 
others  may  be  of  different  origin,  and  that 
their  name  is  a  direct  derivation  or  patro- 
nymic of  Hasting,  the  personal  name. 

HASWELL.     A  township  in  Durham. 

HATCH.  In  forest  districts,  agate  across 
the  highway  to  prevent  the  escape  of  deer. 
At-Hache  aud  De  la  Hacche  are  found  in 
the  H.E.  Hache  in  Domesday  appears  as 
a  personal  name. 

HATCHARD.  The  Achard  of  Domes- 
day— a  personal  name.  In  H.R.  it  occurs 
as  a  surname. 

HATCHER.  From  residence  near  a 
Hatch,  which  see,  and  also  er. 

HATCHETT.  Voltaire  mentions  _a 
grand  vizier  of  Turkey  called  Alep  Baltagi, 
so  named  from  balta  which  signifies  a 
hatchet— ih^t  being  the  Turkish  designa- 
tion of  the  .slaves  who  cut  wood  for  the 
princes  of  Ottoman  blood.  "  Ce  vizir  avait 
ete  baltagi  dans  sa  jeunesse,  et  en  avait 
toujours  reteuu  le  nom,  selon  la  coutume 
des  Turcs,  que  prennent  sans  rougir  le  nom 
de  leur  premiere  profession,  ou  celle  de  leur 
pcre,  ou  du  lieu  de  leur  naissance."  Vol- 
taire, Charles  XII.  Our  English  family  may 
also  have  deri^-ed  their  name  from  the  use  of 
the  instrument.  Hachet  without  prefix  is 
found  in  H.R. 

HATCHMAN.     The  same  as  Hatcher. 

HATFEILD  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Hereford,  Hertford,  Essex,  &c.,  bear  the 
name  of  Hatfield.  Several  places  so  called 
are  in  Yorkshire,  and  in  that  county  an  nu- 
cient  family,  Hatfeild  of  Thorp-Arch,  still 
exists. 

HATFIELD.    See  Hatfeild. 

HATFULL.     A  corruption  of  Hatfield. 

HATHAWAY.  HATHWAY.  HAD- 
AWAY.  Correspond  with  the  Old  Germ, 
names  Hathuwi,  Hathwi,  Hadewi.  Fer- 
guson. 

HATHERLEY.  Two  parishes  In  co. 
Gloucester. 

HATHORNE.    See  Hawthorne. 

HATLEY.      HxVTELY.      Parishes     In 

Cambridgeshire. 
HvVTRED.     Mr.  Ferguson   derives  this 

name  from  the  0.  Germ,  one,  Hadarat. 
HATT.     See  Preliminary  Dissertation. 

HATTEMORE.     The  medieval    Attc- 
More,  with  H  prefixed. 
HATTEN.     A  mis-spelling  of  Hatton. 

HATTER.  The  occupation.  Le  Hatter 
and  Le  Hattere.     H.R. 

HATTERSLEY.  A  village  and  town- 
ship in  Cheshire. 

HATTON.  Several  parishes,  &c.,  bear 
this    name    in    different    counties.      The 


HAW 

noble  family  were  descended  from  Sir  Adam 
Hatton,  of  Hatton,  co.  Cheshire,  grandson 
of  Wulfrid,  brother  of  Nigel,  who  was  lord 
of  Halton  in  the  same  county,  by  the  gift 
of  Hugh  Lupus,  Earl  of  Chester,  soon  after 
the  Conquest. 

HAUCOCK.     The  same  as  Alcock. 

HAUGHTOiSr.  Parishes,  Src,  In  cos. 
Durham,  Chester,  Northumberland,  Staf- 
ford, Nottingham,  &c. 

HAVELL.     See  Havill. 

IIA'\Ti:LOCK.  A  well-known  Danish 
personal  name.  Geoffrey  Gaimar's  metrical 
romance,  called  "  Le  Lai  d'Havelok  le 
Danois,"  records  the  valorous  doings  of  a 
great  Danish  chieftain.  The  family  of  the 
greatest  hero  of  his  age,  the  late  Gen.  Sir 
Henry  Havelock,  claimed  to  be  of  Danish 
extraction,  having  been,  according  to  tradi- 
tion, a  scion  of  an  ancient  race  descended 
from  Guthrun,  the  historical  viking  of  the 
days  of  Alfred,  and  settled  at  Great  Grims- 
by from  his  time  !  There  is  indeed  a  tra- 
dition that  that  town  was  so  named  from  a 
merchant  called  Grime,  who  obtained  great 
wealth  and  honour  in  consequence  of  his 
having  brought  up  an  exposed  child  called 
Haveloc,  who,  after  having  been  scullion 
in  the  king's  kitchen,  turned  out  to  be  a 
Danish  prince.  The  curious  corporate  seal 
of  the  town  seems  to  have  some  allusion 
to  the  circumstance,  as  it  bears  the  names 
of  '  Grjmi'  and  '  Habloc ;  '  and  one  of  the 
boundary  marks  of  the  corporation  is  known 
as  '  Haveloc's  Stone.' 


HAVEN.  HAVENS.  1.  From  resi- 
dence near  a  port  or  haven.  In  Scotland 
the  hollow  or  sheltered  part  of  a  hill  is 
called  the  liaaf  or  haven. 

HAVILAND.  A  member  of  the  ancient 
Norman  family  of  DeHavillandof  Guernsey 
settled  in  Somersetshire  temp.  Henry  VII., 
and  founded  this  surname  in  England. 
Gent.  ]\Iag.,  June,  1852.  The  ftimily  ori- 
ginated  in  the  Cotcntin  in  Normandy,  aud 
settled  in  Guernsey  before  117G.  B.L.G. 
De  Havillaud,  of  Havilland  Hall  in  that 
island,  is  still  the  representative  of  this 
ancient  race. 

HA^^LL  and  HO^HELL.  Are  said  to 
be  almost  proven  corruptions  of  Auberville. 

HAWARD.     See  Hayward. 

IIAWARDEN.     A  town  in   Flintshire, 


HAW 


151 


on  the  English  border,  seven  miles  from 
Chester. 
IIAWARDINE.     Doubtless  the  same  as 

Ilawarden. 
HAWES.  Sometimes  from  Henry,  through 
Hal,  and  so  the  parent  of  the  surname 
Hawkins  ;  but  probably  oftener  from  the  0. 
Eng.  and  Scot,  havnh,  low-lyiug  ground 
near  a  river — sometimes  confounded  with 
liough,  a  hilloclc.  In  le  Hawe  is  a  H.R. 
surname,  as  is  also  Del  Hawes. 
HAWGOOD.  A  corruption  of  Hawk- 
wood. 

HAWKE.     The  bird:  allusive  to  keen- 
ness of  disposition. 

HAWKER.   The  remarks  under  Falconer 
apply  to  this  name— this  being  the  A-Sax., 
the  other  the   A-Nonn.    form.     The   H.E. 
have  Le  Haukere,  Le  Hauckere,  &c. 
HAWKES.     A  diminutive  of  Harry  or 
Henrj',  connected  with  Hal  and  Hawkins,  as 
Wilkes  is  with  Will  and  Wilkius. 
HAWKHURST.     A  parish  in  Kent. 
HAWiaN.    HAWKINS.     The  diminu- 
tive  of  Hal   or   Haw,  from   Henry.     The 
Hawkinses  of  The  Gaer,    co.   Monmouth, 
and  those  of    Cantlowes,    co.   Middlesex, 
claim  a  local  origin  from  the  parish  of 
Hawking,    near    Folkestone,   in  Kent,   of 
which  Osbert  de  Hawking  was  possessor 
temp.  Henry  II.     The  family  removed  to 
Nash  Court  in  the  parish   of  Boughton- 
under-Bleane  in  the  same  county,  and  there 
remained  until  the  year  1800.     B.L.G. 
HAWKIISrSON.     The   son   of  Hawkin, 
which  see. 

HAWKRJDGE.     A  parish  in  co.  Somer- 
set, and  many  minor  localities. 

,     HAWKS— The  first  syllable  of  several 
surnames,  from  localities  frequented  by 
the    bird,    as    Hawkshaw,     Hawksby, 
Hawksley. 
HAWKS.     See  Hawkes. 
H AWKSWORTH.     Rlaces  in  cos.  York, 
Notts,  &c. 

HAWKWOOD.  Local:  •' the  wood  fre- 
quented by  hawks."  For  the  anecdote  of 
the  celebrated  warrior  of  the  XIV.  cent.. 
Sir  John  Hawkwood,  being  latinized 
Johannes  Acutus,  and  re-translated  into 
Sharp,  seeVerstegan's  Restitution,  as  quoted 
in  Eng.  Sum.  ii.  191. 

HAWLEY.  Places  in  Hampshire  and 
other  counties. 

HAWTAINE.  HAWTYN.  O.  Fr. 
hauUain,  "  hautie,  loftie,  statelie,  proud, 
highminded,  surlie,  disdainfull,  arrogant." 
Cotgr. 
HAWTHORNE.  Hawthorn,  a  township 
m  the  parish  of  Easington,  co.  Durham, 
memorable  for  the  fifty  shipwrecks  which 
happened  there  on  Nov.  5, 1824.  Hie  New 
England  family  of  this  name  left  this 
country  in  or  before  1G34,  and  until  recently 
■wrote  themselves  Hathorne. 


HAY 

HAWTON.     A  parish  in  co.  Notts. 
HAWTREY.       HAULTREY.       The 


family  were  in  Sussex  in  Norman  times, 
and    founded    Heringham    Priory,   temp. 
Henry  II.     The  name  was   derived  from 
their  residence  on  a  high  bank  or  shore — 
Norman- Fr.  Iiaidfc-rire— and  hence  the  la- 
tinization  De  Alta  Eipa,  often  modified  to 
Dealtry  and  Dawtrey,  while  Hawtrey  and 
Haultrey  are  closer  adiiesions  to  the  primi- 
tive form.     "  The   chiefest  house  of  these 
Dawtereis,"  saysLeland,  "is in  Petworth 
paroche  called  tlie  Morehalfe,  a  mile  from 
Petworth  toune.     There  is  another  house 
longing  to  them  in  Petworth  by  the  chirch." 
The  elder  line  subsisted  at  Moorhouse  till 
1758.     Hauterive  in  the  arrondissement  of 
Alen^on,  in  Normandy,  was  latinized  Alta 
Eipa  in  the  XL  cent.     Itin.  de  la  Norm, 

HAY.     A-Sax.  haeg,  Fr.  haie,  a  hedge, 
and  that  which  it  encloses— a  field  or  park. 
The  map  of  Normandy  shows  many  locali- 
ties called  La  Haie,  and  from  one  of  these, 
doubtless,  came,  in  early  Norman  times,  if 
not  actually  at  the   Conquest,  the  family 
once  eminent  in  England  and  still  so  in 
Scotland.     The  name  Avas  written  De  Haia 
and  De  la  Hay.  KingHenrj'I.  gave  to  Robert 
de  Haia  the  lordship  of  Halnaker,  co.  Sus- 
sex, and  so  early  as  the  close  of  the  XII. 
cent.  William  de  H.  passed  into  Scotland 
and  held  the   office   of  pincerna  regis  or 
king's    butler,    temp.   William    the   Lion. 
From  his  two  sons  descend  Hay,  marquis 
of  Tweeddale,  and  Hay,  earl  of  Errol,  heredi- 
tary lord  high  constable  of  Scotland.     Tliese 
are  well-ascertained  facts,  but  tradition  as- 
signs a  difterent  origin  both  to  name  and 
family.     It  asserts  that  in  980  a  yeoman 
called  John  de  Luz  and  his  two  sons  by 
their  prowess  reinvigorated  the    anny  of 
Kenneth  IIL,  when  they  were  on  the  point 
of  succumbing  to  the  Danes.     They  took 
the  yokes  from  the  oxen  with  which  they 
were  i^loughing.  and  so  belaboured  the  in- 
vaders as   to  drive   them  from   the    field, 
amidst  shouts  of  Hay!  Hay!    Tlie  king  in 
reward  for  these  services  gave  the  yeoman 
as  much  laud  as  a  falcon  could  fly  round 
(the  lands  of  Loncarty  near  Fife),  and  in 
memory  of  the  event  the  family  adopted  a 
falcon  for  their  crest,  two  husbandmen  with 
ox-yokes  for  their  supporters,  and  Hay  for 
their  surname ! 

HAYBITTEL   or   HAYBHDDEL.     A 

well-known  name  near  Eeigate  in  Surrey, 
written  in  XVL  cent.  Heybetylle.  Mr. 
Way  (Sussex.  Arch.  Coll.  v.  261)  suggests 
that  it  is  derived  from  Jiaia,  Fr.  an  enclo- 
sure, and  Icdel  A-Sax.,  bydel,  beadle,  or 
bailifl'.  See  Hayward. 
HAYCOCK.  Said  to  have  been  given  to 
a  foundling  exposed  in  a  hay  field. 

HAYCRAFT.     See  Haycroft. 

HAYCROFT.  From  hay,  and  croft,  a 
small  enclosure  :  a  place  for  hay-ricks. 

HAYDAY.  Corresponds  with  the  O. 
Germ,  name  Haida  of  the  YIH.  cent. 
Ferguson. 


HAY 


152 


HEA 


HAYDEN.     See  Haydon. 

HAYDIG6ER.  Haydegines,  an  archaism 
for  a  certain  round  or  country  dance. 
Perhaps  a  skilful  performer  in  that  dance 
may  have  first  received  this  name. 

HAYDOISr.  Places  in  Essex,  Dorset,  and 
Northumberland. 

HAYER.     See  under  Hayman. 

HAYES.  Parishes  in  Middlesex  and 
Kent. 

HAYLEY.  Hailey,  a  chapelry  in  co. 
Oxford. 

HAYLING.  IL\ILING.  An  island 
near  the  coast  of  Hampshire  and  Sussex. 

HAYLORD.  Probably  "high-lord,"  or 
lord  paramount.  In  the  western  counties 
this  phrase  is  sometimes  applied  to  the  lord 
of  a  manor,  however  unimportant. 

HAYMAN.  Hay  signifies  both  a  hedge 
and  what  it  encloses ;  hence  Hayman  and 
Hayer  probably  sometimes  mean  the  same 
as  Haj'ward,  which  see.  But  the  Irish 
family  of  Hayman  or  Heyman  deduce  their 
pedigree  from  Rollo,  the  founder  of  Nor- 
mandy, through  the  Crevecoeurs,  one  of 
whom,  Haimou  de  C,  had  a  sou  Robert,  who 
assumed  his  father's  l^aptismal  name  as  a 
surname,  which  he  transmitted  to  his  pos- 
terity.    B.L.G. 

HAYNE.     HAYNES.     See  Haines. 

HAYNOKE.  A  corruption  of  A'Xoke. 
See  Noakes. 

HAYS.  Hayes,  parishes  in  Kent  and 
Middlesex. 

HAYSTACK.  Said  to  have  originated 
from  a  foundling. 

HAYTER.  The  personal  name  Haitar, 
which  occurs  in  Germany  in  the  IX.  cent. 
Ferg.  It  ma}'  however  be  local,  from  the 
hundred  of  Haytor  in  Devonshire. 

HAYTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Cumber- 
land, Nottingham,  York,  &c. 

HAYWARD.  Fr.  haie,  a  hedge,  and  u-ard., 
O.  Eng.  a  guardian  or  keeper.  Inclosures 
as  well  as  the  fences  which  encircled  them 
were  called  hays;  hence  a  Hay  ward  was 
a  person  employed  to  watch  enclosed 
fields. 

"  I  hare  an  home  and  be  a  Hayward 
And  liggen  out  a  nyghtes, 
And  Icepe  my  corn  and  my  croft 
From  pykers  and  theves." 

Piers  Plowman. 

Jacob  defines  it  as  "one  that  keeps  the 
common  herd  of  cattle  of  a  town ;"  and 
adds:  "the  reason  of  his  being  called  a 
hayward  may  be  because  one  part  of  his 
oifice  is  to  see  that  they  neither  break  nor 
crop  the  hedycs  of  enclosed  grounds,  or  for 
that  he  keeps  the  grass  from  hurt  and  de- 
struction. He  is  an  officer  api^ointed  in  the 
lord's  court  for  the  due  execution  of  his 
office."  Law  Diet,  in  roc.  See  Hedyeler 
in  this  Diet.  The  orthography  in  the  H.E. 
is  Hayward,  Le  Heyward,  Le  Heiward,  Le 
Hayward. 


HA  WORTH.     A  chapelry  in  Yorkshire. 

HAYWOOD.  See  Heywood.  Also  a 
liberty  in  co.  Hereford,  and  a  hamlet  in  co. 

Stafford. 

HAZARD.     See  Hassard. 

HAZELDEN.  An  ancient  manor,  in  or 
near  Dallington,  co.  Sussex.  The  name  ap- 
jjears  to  have  been  corrupted  to  Haseldine, 
Haseltine,  Hazeldine,  Hesseltine,  &c. 

HAZLEDINE.     See  Hazleden. 

HAZELGROVE.  From  residence  near 
one. 

HAZLERIGG.  An  estate  in  Northum- 
berland, which  belonged  to  the  family  temp. 
Edward  I.  Leland  speaking  of  the  head  of 
the  family,  then  living  in  Leicestershire, 
says  :  "  Hazelrigg  hath  about  .50li  lande  in 
Northumberland,  where  is  a  pratie  pile  of 
Hasilriggs,  and  one  of  the  Collingwooddes 
dwelleth  now  in  it,  and  hath  the  over-site 
of  his  landes."  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men. 

e^°  HEAD.  A  component  syllable  of 
many  surnames  derived  from  places,  as 
Headford,  Heading,  Headland,  Headley 
&c.     See  next  article. 

HEAD.  A  promontory  or  foreland,  as 
Beachy  Head,  Spurn  Head.  Also  the  source 
of  a  river.  Head  or  Hed,  was  a  baptismal 
name  in  Scotland,  in  the  XII.  century. 
Hedde,  without  prefix,  is  found  in  H.E.,  as 
is  also  the  A-Sax.  form  Heved. 

HEADACHE.  Mr.  Ferguson  says, 
"properly  Headick,  a  diminutive  of 
Head." 

HEADEN.    A  parish  in  co.  Nottingham. 

HEADLAM.  A  township  in  co.  Dur- 
ham. 

HEADWORTH.  A  township  in  co. 
Durham. 

HEADY.  1.  Self-willed.  "Heady, high- 
minded."  2.  Edie,  Eddy,  a  diminutive  of 
Edward. 

HEAL.     See  Hcle. 

HEALE  Y.  Places  in  Yorkshire  and  else- 
where. 

HEALING.  Probably  Ealing,  co.  Mid- 
dlesex. 

HEANE.  HEENE.  A  parish  in  Sussex. 

HEAPS.  HEAP.  Probably  the  same 
as  Monceux,  which  see. 

HEARD.  O.Eng.  herd.,  a  herdsman  or 
keeper  of  cattle. 

HEARDER.  ]\Lay  either  mean  herd, 
a  keeper  of  cattle,  kc;  or  hiirdcr,  a  nor- 
thern provincialism  for  a  heap  of  stones, 
thus  coming  imder  the  same  category  as 
Heap,  Monceux,  &c. 

HEARDSON.  The  son  of  a  herd  or 
herdsman. 

HEARN.  HEARNE.  A  modification 
of  the  Irish  O'Ahern. 


HEC 


153 


HEL 


HEARON".     See  Heron. 
IIEARSEY.     See  Hercy. 
HEARTLY.     The  same  as  Hartley. 
IIEARTi\[AK     The  same  as  Hartman. 

HEARTWELL.  The  same  as  Hart- 
well. 

HE  ASM  AM".  Qu.  a  headsman,  execu- 
tioner ? 

HEATH.  From  residence  at  a  heath  or 
commou.  In  the  H.R.  Atte-Hethe,  Apud 
Hethe,  De  la  Hethe,  &c. — in  after  times 
modified  to  Heather. 

HEATHCOTE.  The  baronets  trace  to 
the  XVI.  century  in  Derb}shire.  The 
name  is  local,  tliough  the  place  is  unlvnowu. 
— "  The  heath-cottage,"  or  "  The  cot  on  the 
heath." 

HEATHER.  See  Heath,  and  the  ter- 
mination ER. 

HEATHFIELD.  A  parish  in  Sussex, 
where  the  family  in  plebeian  condition  still 
reside.  Also  places  in  several  other  coun- 
ties. 

HEATHWAITE.  A  chapelry  in  Lan- 
cashire. 

HEATON.  A  parish  in  co.  York,  and 
townships  in  cos.  Lancaster,  Chester,  Xor- 
thimiberland,  kc.  Heaton,  co.  Lancaster, 
gave  name  to  a  family  in  very  early  times, 
and  from  them  sprang  the  Heatons  of  North 
'Wales. 

HEAVEN.  HEAVENS.  Cockney  cor- 
ruptions of  Evan  and  Evans  ? 

HEAVER.  Hever,  a  parish  and  castle 
in  CO.  Kent,  memorable  as  the  birth-place 
of  Queen  Anne  Boleyu. 

HEAAaSIDE.  More  likely  a  local  name 
than  characteristic  of  what  Dr.  Johnson 
might  call  'lateral  ponderosity.'  It  may, 
however,  have  been  a  sobriquet,  like  that 
applied  by  the  Norwegians  to  IMagnus, 
king  of  Sweden,  who  had  threatened  them 
with  invasion : — 

"  The  fat-hipped  king  vfith  heavy-sides 
Finds  he  must  mount  before  he  rides." 

Laing's  Helmskringla,  III.  134. 

HEBBERD.  HEBBERT.  The  same 
as  Hubert. 

HEBBLEWHITE.     See  Ebblewhite. 

HEBDEN.     Two  villaws  in  Yorkshire. 

IIEBER.  Tlie  Hebers  take  their  name 
from  a  place  in  Craven,  co.  York,  called 
Haybcrgh.  Ernulphus  de  Haybergh  lived 
at  Milnethorpe  in  that  co.  towards  the  end 
of  tlie  XII.  century.  The  name  has  passed 
through  the  changes  Hayburgh,  Heibire, 
Heiber,  to  Heber.  B.L.G. 

HEBERDEN.  1.  See  Haberdine.  2.  A 
field  formerly  belonging  to  tlie  Abbey  of  St. 
Edmund's  Bury  was  called  Heberden. 

HECKIN.     A  Cheshire  provincialism  for 
Eichard,  and  hence  possibly  the  origin  of 
Higgin,   Higgins,   and   Higgiusou,  though 
V 


Hugh  (Hugo)  may  perhaps  have  the  prior 
claim. 

HECTOR.  The  personal  name,  de- 
rived from  classical  antiquity. 

HEDDLE.  A  local  name  of  Scandina- 
vian origin.  It  was  variously  written 
Haidale,  Hedal,  and  Heddell.  The  family 
held  lands  in  Orkney  prior  to  1503. 
B.L.G. 

HEDGE.     See  Hedges. 

HEDGELER.  Probably  the ffg-iVZarms  of 
feudal  times  ;  a  "  hayn-cml,"  or  keeper  of 
cattle  in  a  field  fed  in  common  by  many 
tenants.  "Towns  and  villages  had  their 
lieytvards  to  supervise  the  greater  cattle,  or 
common  herd  of  kiue  and  oxen,  and  keep 
them  within  due  bounds ;  and  if  they  were 
servile  tenants,  they  were  privileged  from 
all  customary  services  to  the  lord,  because 
they  were  presumed  to  be  always  attending 
their  duty,  as  a  shepherd  on  his  Hock  ;  and 
lords  of  rnanors  had  likewise  their  hey  wards 
to  talie  care  of  the  tillage,  harvest  work, 
&c.,  and  see  there  were  no  encroachments 
made  on  their  lordships :  but  this  is  now 
the  business  of  bailiffs."  Kennet's  Paroch. 
Antiq.     Jacob's  Law  Diet.   See  Hatwaed. 

HEDGELE  Y.  A  tomiship  in  Northum- 
berland. 

HEDGER.     A  maker  of  hedges. 

HEDGES.  The  modern  form  of  At- 
Hedge— first  derived  from  residence  near 
one. 

HEDGMAN.  The  same  as  Hedger  or 
Hedges. 

HEDLEY.  Townships  in  Northumber- 
land, Durham,  and  Yorkshire. 

HEELE.     See  Hele. 

HEEPS.  HEAPS.  Like  the  Norman 
name  Mouceux,  heaps,  monticuU.  This 
may  be  a  translation  of  Monceux. 

HEIGHAM.  A  hamlet  in  the  parish 
of  Gaseley,  co.  Suffolk,  which  belonged  to 
the  family  in  1310.  Sliirley's  Nol)le  and 
Gentle  Men,  p.  233.  Also  a  hamlet  in 
Norfolk. 

HEIGHTNGTON.  Places  in  cos.  Dur- 
ham and  Lincoln. 

HEIGHTON.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

HELE,  Hele,  Hcale,  or  Heal,  is  a 
manor  in  the  parish  of  Bradniuch,  co. 
Devon.  The  pedigree  commences  witli  Sir 
Roger  De  la  Heale,  who  was  lord  of  Heale, 
temp.  Heniy  III. 

Matthew  Hele,  of  Holwell,  co.  Devon, 
was  high  sheriff  of  the  county  the  j-ear  of 
Charles  the  Second's  Restoration,  16G0,  and 
so  numerous  and  influential  were  the  family 
that  he  was  enabled  to  assemble  a  grand 
jury  all  of  his  own  name  and  Mood,  gentle- 
men of  estate  and  quality,  which  made 
the  Judge  observe,  when  he  heard  Hele  of 
Wisdom,  Esq.  called — a  gentill  seat  in  the 
parish  of  Cornwood— '  that  he  thought  they 
must  be  all  descended  from  Wisdom,  in  that 
they  had  acquired  such  considerable  for- 
tunes.'   Burke's  Ext.  Barts. 


HEN 


J  54 


HEN 


IIELLEWELL.     See  Halliwell. 

HELLIER.  The  A-Sax.  helan,  like  the 
southern  provincialism,  to  heal,  signifies 
to  cover ;  and  in  tlie  \^''est  of  England  a 
lieWier  is  a  thatchcr  or  tiler,  equivalent  to 
the  French  couvveur,  one  who  covers  build- 
ings with  any  material  whatever.  It  was 
a  kind  of  generic  appellative,  including  the 
Thatchers,  Tylers,  Slaters,  Shinglers,  and 
Eeeders,  all  of  whom  are  also  separately 
represented  in  our  family  nomenclature. 
In  Walsingham's  History,  the  arch-trai- 
tor, Wat  Tyler,  is  designated  "  Walterus 
Helier." 

HELLINGLY.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

HELLIS.     See  Ellis. 

HELM.  HELME.  Teutonic,  a  helmet ; 
a  name  borrowed  from  military  associa- 
tions. "  Helm  as  a  termination  entered 
into  a  gi-eat  number  of  regular  Anglo-Saxon 
names,  such  as  Eadhelra,  Brighthelm,  Alf- 
helm,  &c.  Wilhelm  (William)  is  an  earlier 
name,  occurring  in  the  genealogy  of  the 
East- Anglian  kings  from  Woden." — Fergu- 
son. 

HELMS.     See  Helme. 

HELPUSGOD.  Tliis  name,  probably 
derived  from  the  frequent  use  of  a  profane 
adjuration  by  the  original  bearer  of  it,  and 
cognate  with  Godhelp,  Godmefetch,  God- 
behere,  &c.,  is  found  in  the  Sussex  Subsidy 
Eoll  of  1296.     Sussex  Arch.  Coll.,  vol.  ii. 

HELSDON.     Hellesden,    a  parish  near 

Norwich. 

HELSHAjNI.  Hailsham,  co.  Sussex,  is  so 
pronounced,  and  a  gentry  family  of  De 
Halsham,  existed  in  that  co.  in  the  XIV. 
cent. 

HELY.  An  old  form  of  Ellas,  the  per- 
sonal name. 

HELYAR.     See  Helller. 

HEMBUR  Y.  Broad  Hembmy,  a  parish 
in  CO.  Devon. 

HEMIXGFORD.  Two  parishes  in  co. 
Huntingdon.     De  Hemingford.    H.R. 

HEMMING.  HEMMINGS.  A  Danish 
personal  name. 

HEMS.     See  under  Emniett. 

HEMPSTEAD.  A  manor  in  Framfield, 
CO.  Sussex,  which  had  owners  of  the  same 
name  in  the  XIII  cent. 

HEMSWORTII.  A  parish  in  York- 
shire. 

HENBERY.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Glou- 
cester and  Chester  are  called  Henbury. 

HENCHMAN".  A  follower  ;  an  attend- 
ant upon  a  nobleman  or  personage  of  high 
distinction.     A  Chaucerian  word. 

"  The  said  BiJce  ■n'as  in  hys  yong  age,  after  lie  had 
been  a  sufficient  season  at  the  gramer  schole,  Henche- 
man  to  Kjnig  Edward  the  iiii.,  and  was  then  called 
Thomas  Howard." 

Weever's  Funerall  Mon.  p.  83i. 

HENDER.    See  Hendower. 


HENDERSON.  Either  from  the  per- 
sonal name  Hendric,  or  from  Andrew — pro- 
bably the  latter. 

HENDOWER.  A  distinguished  Cornish 
family,  who  are  said  to  have  originated  in 
Wales.  The  elder  line  became  extinct 
about  temp.  Henry  VIII.,  but  younger 
branches  who  had  abbreviated  the  name  to 
Hender,  were  living  near  Camelford  a  few 
years  since. 

HENDRICK.     HENDRICKS.     HEN- 

DRIE.     HENDRY.     Hendric,  an  ancient 
personal  name. 

HENDY.     Gentle,  polite.      Halliwell. 

HENE.     See  Henn. 

HENEAGE.  Sir  Robert  de  Hcneage 
was  in  Lincolnshire,  temp.  William  Rufus. 
I  find  no  locality  so  called. 

HENFREY.  An  ancient  personal  name, 
corresponding  with  the  O.  Germ.  Enfrid. 

HENLEY.  Towns  and  places  in  cos. 
Warwick,  Suffolk,  Hants,  and  Oxford. 

HENjNIAN.  An  ancient  personal  name, 
like  the  0.  Germ.  Enman. 

HENN.  The  L-ish  family  derive  from 
an  English  one  written  Henne,  but  an- 
ciently Hene,  and  the  name  seems  to  have 
been  originally  derived  from  Hene  now 
Heene,  a  hamlet  or  extinct  parish,  near 
Worthing,  co.  Sussex.  A  William  de  Hene 
is  mentioned  in  Domesd.,  as  holding  of 
William  de  Braose  in  the  immediate  vici- 
nity. There  are  Le  Hens  and  Fil'  Hens  in 
H.R. 

HENNIKER.  The  ancestors  of  Lord 
Henniker  were  a  mercantile  family  from 
Germanj^,  who  settled  in  London  early  in 
the  XVIII.  century.  Of  tlie  origin  of  the 
name  I  know  nothing,  but  it  is  suspi- 
ciousl)'-  like  the  German  Henker,  a  haug- 
m.an  or  executioner.  That  the  execu- 
tioner's employ,  like  other  occupations, 
occasionally  became  a  surname,  is  shown 
in  the  following  anecdote : — 

"  Resolute,  of  late  years,  was  the  answer 
of  Verdugo,  a  Spaniard,  commander  in 
Friseland  to  certain  of  the  Siiauish  nobility, 
who  murmured,  at  a  great  feast,  that  the 
Sonne  of  a  Hang-man  should  take  place 
above  them  (for  so  he  was,  as  his  name 
importeth).  Gentlemen  (quoth  he)  ques- 
tion not  my  l^irth,  or  who  my  father  was ; 
I  am  the  sonne  of  mine  own  Desert  and 
Fortune  ;  if  any  man  dares  as  much  as  I 
have  done,  let  him  come  and  take  the 
table's  end  with  all  my  heart." 

PcachanVs  Complcat  Gentleman. 

HENNINGHAM.  Heveningham  (now 
Haveningham)  a  parish  in  Suffolk. 

HENNIS.     See  Ennis. 

HENRISON.     See  Henry. 

HENRY.  A  personal  name  of  Norman 
importation,  which  has  given  birth  in  a 
moditied  form  to  many  surnames,  includ- 
ing Heurisou,  Henson,  Penry  (ap-Henry), 


HER 


155 


II  E  R 


Harry,  Pany  (aii-Harry),  Harris,  Harri- 
son, Hall  (from  Hal),  Hallett,  Halkett, 
Halse,  Hawes,  Hawkins,  Hawkinson, 
AUkins,  Haskins,  and  perhaps  Alcock. 
Thus  as  Henry  has  given  name  to  the 
most  numerous  group  of  English  monarchs, 
so  it  has  furnished  surnames  for  a  very 
great  number  of  tiieir  subjects. 

HENS  ALL.     A  township  in  Yorkshire. 

HENSHALL.  Either  Ilenshaw  or  Hen- 
sail. 

HENSHAW.     See  Hanshaw.     A  town- 
ship in  Xorthumberland. 

HENSMAjST.  a  page ;  the  confidant  and 
principal  attendant  of  a  Highland  chief  ;  a 
henchnum.     Jamieson. 

HENSON.     See  Henry. 

HENTON.  a  distn(!t  near  Chinnor, 
CO.  Oxon. 

KENWOOD.  \.  A  tithing  in  the  parish 
of  Cumnor,  co.  Berks.  2.  Perhaps  another 
form  of  Honywood.     See  that  name. 

HENZEY.     See  under  Tyttery. 

HEPBURN.  From  the  lands  of  Heb- 
bunie,  Hayborne,  or  Hepburne,  co.  Dur- 
ham, near  the  mouth  of  the  TjTie.  Tradi- 
tion derives  the  noble  family  seated  in  E. 
Lothian,  from  the  XR''.  cent.,  from  an 
English  gentleman  taken  prisoner  by  the 
Earl  of  March,  -who  generously  gave  him 
lands,  upon  which  he  settled.  From  him 
descended  the  Earls  of  Bothwell,  whose  line 
ended  with  the  notorious  James  H.,  Earl 
of  Bothwell,  Marquis  of  Fife,  and  Duke  of 
Orkney,  the  husband  of  Mary,  Queen  of 
Scots,  1567.  The  battle-cry  of  this  war- 
like race  was — "  A  iiepburn  ;  bide  3IE 
FAIR  !" — (i.e.,  Meet  my  onset  fairly.) 

HEPDEN.     See  under  Den. 

HEPTONSTALL.  A  chapelry  in  the 
parish  of  Halifax,  co.  York. 

HEPPELL.  HEPPLE.  Two  townships 
in  Xorthumberland. 

HEP  WORTH.  A  township  in  the  W.R. 
of  Yorkshire  ;  also  a  parish  in  Suffolk. 

HERAPATH.     See  Herepath. 

HERAUD.  ]Might  be  either  the  per- 
sonal name  Harold  ;  a  herald-at-arms  ;  or  a 
derivation  from  the  0.  Norse  lu'vadr,  the 
leader  of  an  army. 

HERBERT.  An  ancient  personal  name. 
The  noble  Herberts  descend  from  Herbert, 
Count  of  Yermandois,  who  came  hither 
with  the  Conqueror,  and  was  chamberlain 
to  William  Rufus.  B.L.G.  Collins  says  : 
"  the  genealogists  deduce  the  family  from 
Herbert,  a  natural  son  of  King  Henry  I., 
but  I  think  it  more  evident  that  Henry 
Fitz-Herbert,  chamberlain  to  the  said  king, 
was  ancestor  to  all  of  the  name  of  Her- 
bert." 

HERCY.  The  pedigree  is  traced  to 
temp.    Henry    III.,    when    Malveysin    de 


Hercy  was  constable  of  the  honour  of  T5'k- 
hill,  CO.  York.  The  locality  of  Hercy 
does  not  appear  either  in  the  English 
Gazetteer  or  in  the  Itin.  de  la  Nonnandie. 

IH'^RD.  A-Sax.  hynl,  a  keeper  of  cattle, 
sheep,  swine,  &c. 

HERDING  SON.  The  same  as  Fitz- 
Harding. 

HERDMAN.  A-Sax.  hirdman,  an  at- 
tendant. 

HERDSINIAN.     The  occupation. 

PIEREFORD.  From  the  city.  The 
Herefords  of  Sufton  Court,  co.  Hereford, 
claim  from  Roger  de  Hereford,  a  famous 
l^hilosopher  ofthe  XII.  century.     B.L.G. 

HEREPATH.  "  Might  be  from  the  A- 
Sax.  herepacl,  an  army-patli,  in  which  case, 
it  would  be,  I  presume,  local.  But  I  think 
more  probably  from  lierepad,  a  coat  of 
mail."     Ferguson. 

HERLNG.     See  Herring. 

HERINGAUD.  Norm.  Fr.  herigaud,  an 
upi^er  cloak.     See  Mantell,  &c. 

HERINGTON.  Herrington,  two  town- 
ships in  CO.  Durham. 

HERIOTT.  Heriot,  a  parish  in  Edin- 
burghshire. 

HERITAGE.  IMost  probably  the  name 
of  some  lands  or  possessions,  analagous  to 
"the  Franchise,"  "the  Purchase,"  &c., 
frequently  applied  to  estates.  Heritag'. 
H.R. 

HERLE.  The  Herles  of  Prideaux 
Castle,  CO.  Cornwall,  whose  name  has 
been  occasionally  written  Earle  and  Hearle, 
are  "  descended  from  the  house  of  West 
Hearle  in  Northumberland,  of  which  Sir 
William  Herle  was  made,  by  Edward  III., 
chief  justice  of  the  Bench."  C.  S.  Gilbert's 
Cornwall,  ii.  Ho.  De  Herl,  co.  Northum- 
berland.    H.R. 

HERMITAGE.  The  surname  was  pro- 
bably first  acquii-od  by  some  person  who 
dwelt  near  the  abode  of  a  solitary  ascetic. 

IIERMON.     See  Harman. 

HERNE  A  contraction  of  the  Celtic 
O'Ahern. 

HEROD.     See  Heraud. 

HERON.  Taken  au  pied  de  la  lettre  this 
name  would  appear  to  be  derived  from  the 
bird ;  but  Heron  is  a  comparatively  modern 
orthography,  it  having  been  formerly  writ- 
ten Hairun,  Heyrun,  Heirun,  «Scc.  "  Sir 
John  Hairun  entered  England  with  the 
Conqueror,  and  was  possessed  of  Ford 
Castle,  and  a  very  good  estate."  Kimber's 
Baronetage.  There  is  a  commune  in  the 
arrondissemenf  of  Rouen  called  Le  Heron, 
but  it  does  not  appear  whether  this  was  the 
cradle  of  the  race. 

This  family  is  thus  spoken  of  in  Den- 
ham's  Slogans  of  the  North  of  England : 
"  Hastings  1"  -was  eridently  the  slogan  (or -war  cry) 


HES 


156 


HIB 


of  the  ancient  lords  of  Ford  and  Chlpchase  Castles. 
The  Herons  had  also  a  stronghold  at  iSvisell. 
"  Sir  Hugh  the  Heron  bold, 
Baron  of  Twisell  and  of  Ford, 
And  captaui  of  the  Hold." 

Marmion. 

Smnhurn  Castle  also  belonged  to  tliis  family,  as  also 
did  Bolienfield  ;  and  Haddeston,  the  caput  baronke  of 
Heron  or  Hei'oiuie,  was  their  ancient  residence.  Sir 
George  Heron  had  the  misfortune  to  be  slain  at 
the  skirmish  of  the  Raid  of  the  Ueidswire,  to  the 
great  regret  (Jf  both  parties,  being  a  man  greatly 
respected  by  our  Scottish  neighbours,  as  well 
as  the  Enghsh.  \yhen  the  English  prisoners  were 
brought  to  Morton,  at  Dalkeith,  and  among  other 
presents  received  from  him  some  Scottisli  falcons,  one 
of  his  train  observed,  that  the  English  were  nobly 
treated,  since  they  got  live  Hawlcs  for  dead  Herons." 
Oodsci'oft. 

HERRICK.  This  name  was  formerly 
spelt  Eyr}'k,  Eyrik,  Eyrick,  and  Heyricke. 
Dean  Swift,  whose  father  married  a  lady 
of  this  family,  informs  us  that  "  there  is  a 
tradition  that  the  most  ancient  family  of 
the  Erieks  derive  lineage  from  Erick  the 
Forester,  a  great  commander,  who  raised 
an  army  to  oppose  the  invasion  of  William 
the  Conqueror,  by  whom  he  was  vanquished, 
but  afterwards  employed  to  command  that 
prince's  forces,  and  in  his  old  age  retired 
to  his  house  in  Leicestershire,  where  his 
family  hath  continued  ever  since."  Quoted 
in  B.L.G. 

HERRIES.  A  Norman  race,  probably 
fi'om  Heries  in  the  arrondissement  of 
Bayeux.  They  were  settled  in  the  S.  of 
Scotl.  from  the  XII.  cent,  and  were,  it  is 
j)rettj'-  certain,  deduced  from  the  A-Norm. 
family  of  Heriz,  lords  of  Wiverton  or 
Wortou,  CO.  Northampton.  The  elder  line  of 
Heriz  or  Herries  ended  in  heirs  female,  in 
the  XVI.  cent.,  and  the  title  of  Lord  H.  was 
carried  by  the  eldest  co-heiress  to  the  Lords 
Maxwell. 

IIERRES^G.  Possibly  from  the  fish,  and 
originally  applied  by  way  of  sobriquet,  since 
in  the  XIV.  cent,  we  find  some  compounds 
of  it,  now  apparently  extinct ;  viz.  Cast- 
herring,  Schottenheryng,  and  Rotenheryng  ! 
It  is  moi'e  likely  however  to  be  an  ancient 
Scandinavian  personal  name,  whence  the 
names  of  tlie  parishes,  &c.,  of  Hcrringby, 
Herringlleet,  Herringstone,  Herringswell, 
and  Herrington. 

IIERRON      See  Heron. 

IIERSEY.     See  Hercy. 

HERTFORD.     The  town. 

HERVEY.     See  Harvey. 

HERWARD.  The  well-known  A-Sax. 
name  Hereward. 

HESKETH.  ]\rusard  Ascuit,  Hascoit, 
or  Hasculfus,  appears  in  Domesday  as  a 
capital  tenant  in  the  counties  of  Derby, 
Bucks,  Oxford,  AVarwick,  &c.  Camden, 
speaking  of  the  name  Askew,  erroneously 
says,  that  it  comes  from  Ascouth,  and  that 
"  from  the  old  Christian  name  Aiscuith, 
which  in  Latin  was  Hasculphusand  Hastul- 
phus,  that  is,  Speedy-Help."  The  baronet's 
family  claim  to  have  been  possessed  of  Hes- 
keth,  CO.  Lancaster,  from  the  Conquest,  and 
the  pedigree  is  deduced  without  hiatus 
from  Rich,  de  Haskayth  in  the  XIII.  cent. 


HESS.  HESSE  A  native  of  Hesse;  a 
Hessian. 

HESSELL.     A  narrowed  pronunciation 

of  Hassell. 
HESSELTIA^E.     See  Hazelden. 
HESTER.     A  spelling  of  Esther.     See 

Female  Chiustian^  Names. 

HETT.     A  township  in  Durham. 

HETTON.  Townships  in  cos.  Durham, 
Northumberland,  and  York. 

HEVYBERD.       "  Heavy-beard."       See 

Beard. 
HEWARD.      Possibly    a   corruption   of 

Howard,    but    more    likely   of   Hayward. 

Hay  ward's  Heath,  co.  Sussex,  was  formerly 

with  rustics  Heward's  Hoth. 

HEWER.  Of  wood  or  stone?  See 
Cleaver  and  Stonehewer. 

HBWES.  A  mis-spelling  of  Hughes.  In 
the  great  Scottish  family  of  Dalrymple  the 
Christian  name  Hugh  has  generally  been 
spelt  Hew. 

HE  WET  SON.     See  Hewett. 

HEWETT.  A  diminutive  of  Hugh,  and 
hence  Hewitt,  Hewetson,  and  Hewitson. 

HEWGILL.  Probably  Howgill,  a  cha- 
pelry  in  Yorkshire. 

HEWISH.     A  parish  in  Wiltshire. 

HEWITT.     See  Hewett. 

HEWLETT.  Perhaps  a  diminutive  of 
Hugli. 

HEWSON.     The  son  of  Hugh. 

IIEXAMER.  Of  this  singular  name  I 
can  make  nothing,  unless  it  means  a  native 
of  Hexham,  co.  Northumberland. 

HEXT.       xV-Sax.  hexta,   O.  Eng.    hext, 

higliest.     Halliwell  quotes  from  an  ancient 

MS.  :— 

"  The  Erchbiseliop  of  Cnnturberi, 
In  Engelond  that  is  hext." 

Tlie  surname  may  relate  either  to  physical 
height  or  to  social  eminence. 

HEXTER.  Possibly  a  corruption  of 
Exeter. 

HEY.     The  same  as  Hay. 

HEYDEN.     See  Haydon. 

HEYLIN.  An  old  baptismal  name.  Fllius 
Heilin  is  found  in  H.E. 

HEYAVARD.  An  old  and  more  correct 
form  of  Hayward. 

HEYWOOD.  A  town  and  chapelry  in 
CO.  Lancaster.  Heywood  Hall  was  long  the 
residence  of  the  ancestors  of  the  baronet's 
family. 

HIBBARD.    HIBBERD.     See  Hlbbert. 

HIBBERT.  The  Illbberts  of  Marple, 
Birtles,  &c.,  co.  Chester,  claim  descent  from 
Paganus  Uiibo-t,  who  acconq^anied  Richard 
Ca3ur-de-Lion  in  the  Crusade  of  1190.  See 
Ormcrod's  Cheshire.  An  A-Sax.  bishop  of 
Liclificld  was  called  Hygbert. 


HJG  157 

IIIBBITT.     A    corruption    of   Ilibbert, 
fi'om  Hubert. 

IIIBBS.  From  Hibb,  the  "nurse-name" 
of  Hubert. 

IIICK.  See  Isaac, ;  but  it  may  be  local, 
from  Heck  or  Hick,  a  Yorkshire  township. 

HICKES.     See  Isaac. 

HICKEY.     See  Isaac. 

HICKIB,     See  Isaac. 

HICKINBOTIIAIM.    See  Higglnbottom. 

IIICKLING.  HICKLIN.  Parishes  in 
cos.  Nottingham  and  Norfollf. 

inCKMAK  The  pedigree  of  the  ex- 
tinct baronet  family,  Hickman  of  Gains- 
borough, is  traced  to  Eobert  Fitz-Hick- 
man,  lord  of  the  manors  of  Bloxham  and 
Wickham,  co.  Oxford,  5G  Henry  III. 
Hence  the  name  must  originally  have  been 
a  baptismal  appellation.  In  the  next  reign 
we  find  both  a  Hykeman  and  a  Walter 
Hikeman,  in  the  same  county,  the  former 
being  apparently  a  Christian  name.     H.R. 

lUCKMOTT.  Anciently  Ilicquemot— 
probably  a  derivative  of  Isaac. 

IIICKOCE.  Said  to  be  the  same  name 
as  Hiscock,  which  see. 

HICKOT.  HICKOX.  Diminutives  of 
Hick,  Hyke,  or  Isaac. 

HICKS.  The  village  so  called  in  Glou- 
cestershire can  hardly  have  been  the  source 
of  this  numerous  surname,  which  is 
generally  derived,  doubtless,  from  Hicque, 
or  Hick,  a  nick-name  of  Isaac. 

HICKSON.     See  Isaac. 

HIDE.  A  feudal  portion  of  land  of  un- 
certain extent,  according  to  its  quality.  A 
hide  appears  generally  to  have  been  so 
much  land  as  "with  its  house  and  toft, 
right  of  common,  and  other  appurtenances, 
was  considered  to  be  sufficient  for  the  ne- 
cessities of  a  family."  Archaologia,  vol. 
XXXV.  p.  470.  There  are  specific  locali- 
ties called  Hide,  in  Warwickshire,  Bed- 
fordshire, Herefordshire,  and  many  other 
counties. 

HIDER.     See  Hyder. 

HIDES.     See  Hide. 

HIGGINBOTTOM.  Following  a  writer 
in  Gent.  ilag.  Oct.,  1820,  I  have  elsewhere 
suggested  that  this  strange  word  might  be 
Ickenhaum,  0.  Germ,  for  oak  tree.  Another 
etymology  assigned  was  hicldn,  a  Lanca- 
shire provincialism  for  the  mountain  ash, 
and  bottom,  a  low  ground  or  valley.  A  cor- 
respondent suggests  its  identity  with  the 
Dutch  family  name  Hoogenboom,  v/hich 
signifies  "high  tree,"  either  from  the  first 
bearer's  residence  near  one,  or  a  sobriquet 
allusive  to  stature. 

IHGGIX.  HIGGINS.  A  diminutive 
of  Hugh,  through  its  Latin  form  Hugo. 
Hugonis  the  genitive  case  of  that  name 
(equivalent  to  Hugh's  or  Hughes)  would 


HIL 

easily    become    in     rapid    pronunciation 
Huggins,  and  Higgins.  See  however  Heckiu. 

IHGGINS.     See  Isaac. 

HIGGINSON.     See  Isaac. 

IIIGGS.     See  Isaac. 

IIIGHAM.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Northampton,  Kent,  Derby,  Suffolk,  Bed- 
ford, Leicester,  Sussex,  &c.,  &c. 

IIIGHLEY.     A  parish  in  Shropshire. 

IIIGHWOPtTH.  A  town  in  Wiltshire, 
which  has  given  birth  to  a  surname  spelt 
iudifl'erently  Earth,  Worth,   and  Yerworth. 

HIGSON.     The  same  as  Hickson. 

HILDEBRAND.     The  personal  name. 

IIILDER.  '  The  elder '—a  word  still  used 
in  Norfolk.  This  form  also  occurs  in  MS. 
Arundel,  220.  Halliwell.  But  the  Supp. 
to  Alfric's  Vocab.  says  "  hyldcve,  lictor,  vel 
virgifer,"  i.e.,  an  usher  or  mace-bearer. 
Wright's  Vocab.,  GO. 

IIILDERSLEY.     Hildesley,  a  tything  in 

Gloucestershire. 

IIILDROP.  An  obscure  hamlet  near 
Marlborough,  co.  Wilts. 

IHLDYARD.  Formerly  Ilildheard,  an 
ancient  personal  name.  The  family  are 
said  to  have  sprung  from  Robert  Hildheard, 
who  was  of  Normanby,  co.  Yorlv,  in  the 
year  1109.     B.L.G. 

HILEY.  Highley,  a  parish  in  Shrop- 
shire. 

HILGERS.  An  old  personal  name,  cor- 
responding with  the  Germ.  Hilger,  and  the 
0.  High  Germ.  Hildegar. 

HILL.  From  i-esidence  upon  one.  Its 
medieval  form  is  Atte-Hill.  The  Lond. 
Direct,  has  more  than  two  hundred  traders 
of  this  name,  besides  about  one-eighth  of 
that  number  in  the  pluralized  form  of 
Hills.  The  most  distinguished  family  of 
this  name,  the  Hills  of  Hawkstone  (Vis- 
count Hill),  deduce  themselves  from  Hugh 
de  la  HuUe  ('  of  the  Hill '),  who  held  the 
estate  of  Court  of  Hill  in  the  parish  of 
Burford,  co.  Salop,  temp.  Richard  I.  Shir- 
ley's Noble  and  Gentle  Men,  p.  197.  The 
Hills  of  Stallington,  co.  Stafford,  are  des- 
cended from  the  family  of  De  Monte,  of 
Castle  IMorton,  co.  AVorcester,  and  they  bore 
that  name  till  the  XV.  cent.,  when  it  was 
anglicized  to  Hyll.  See  Nash's  Worcester- 
shire. 

HILLEARY.  Hilary,  an  ancient  per- 
sonal uame. 

HILLER.     See  Hellier. 

I-IILLIARD.     See  Hildyard. 

HILLIER.     See  Hillyer. 

HILLMAN.  From  residence  upon  some 
hill.  Its  ancient  forms  are  Atte-Hill,  Ate 
Hull,  &c. 

HILLS.     See  Hill. 

HILLYER.     See  Hellier. 


HIN 


]58 


HIT 


HILTON.  There  are  parislies  and  places 
so  called  in  many  counties,  and  proliably 
several  distinct  families.  The  great 
baronial  race  who  flourished  in  the  XIV. 
cent,  derived  their  name  from  the  Castle 
of  Hylton  or  Hilton,  co.  Durham,  their 
ancient  seat. 

"  The  origin  of  the  family  of  Hilton  is  lost  in  the 
clouds  of  remote  antiquity.  It  has  been  stated  that 
in  the  reign  of  King  Athelstan,  one  of  the  family, 
presented  a  crucifix  to  the  monastery  of  Hartlepool. 
A  legendary  tale  states,  that  a  raven  flew  from  the 
h^rth,  and  perching  on  the  turrets  of  a  tower  seated 
on  the  Wear,  received  the  embi-aces  of  a  Saxon  lady, 
whom  her  father,  a  powerful  Abtliane,  had  there  con- 
fined, to  protect  her  from  the  a])proaches  of  a  Danish 
nobleman ;  by  which  may  possibly  be  adumbrated,  the 
origin  of  the  family  springing  fi'om  a  mixture  of 
Danish  and  Saxon  blood.  .  .  .  It  is  at  least  cer- 
tain, that  the  house  of  Hilton  existed  in  great  splen- 
dour at  the  time  of  the  Conquest,  and  had,  long  before 
its  members  were  summoned  to  Parliament  under  Kd- 
ward  II.,  enjoyed  the  rank  and  reputation  of  barons 
by  tenure,  a  title  which,  after  the  declension  of  the 
family,  was  constantly  attributed  to  the  chief  of  the 
name  by  popular  courtesy."  S/iaiys  Hartlepool,  p. 
167. 
The  characteristic  of  the  family  was,  "  the  uoaey 

niLTONS." 

HBIBURY.     See  Ilembury. 

HINCE.     See  Ince. 

HINCKLEY.     A  town  in  Leicestershire. 

IIINCKS.     IIINKS.     HYNCKES.     A 

diminutive  of  Henry,  just  as  Wilkes  is  of 
William,  Pirlves  or  Perkes  of  Peter,  ka.  A 
Cliester  family  of  this  name  were  written 
Hinckes,  temp.  James  I.,  and  the  word 
appears  to  have  been  pronounced  as  a  dis- 
syllable— Hinck-es.  A  century  later,  in 
order  to  prevent  a  crasis  of  the  two  sylla- 
bles, an  apostrophe  replaced  the  disused  E, 
and  the  name  for  two  generations  was 
actually  written  MincFs.  Inf.  Edward 
Hincks,  Esq. 

]Mr.  Ferguson  has  a  much  more  dignified 
origin  for  this  surname.  "  Hinks,"  hesays, 
"  is  no  doubt  a  corruption  of  Hengist  or 
HiNGEST,  which  signifies  a  stallion.  Some 
traditions  make  Hengist  a  Frisian,  in 
which  laugiiage  the  word  is  7i>ngst,  which 
approaches  nearer  to  Hincks.  In  the 
names  of  places,  Hengist  has  become 
changed  into  Hinks,  as  in  Hinksey,  co. 
Kerks,"  which,  according  to  the  Codex 
Dii^lomaticus,  Avas  in  Saxon  times  written 
Hcngestesige. 

HIND.  HINDE.  A.  S. /; /we.  A  domestic 
servant.  Chaucer  employs  it  rather  of  a 
man  employed  in  husbandry.  In  an  ancient 
poem  we  read : — 

"I  am  an  hine  ; 
And  I  do  use  to  go  to  plough. 
And  earn  my  meat  ere  that  I  dine." 

Fercy't  Jiel. 

"  A  hind  is  one  wlio  looks  after  the  rest  of 
the  servants,  the  grounds,  cattle,  corn,  &c., 
of  his  master."  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall, 
i.  108. 

In  Devonshire  it  is   synonymous  with 
farm-bailiff. 

HINDEPvWELL.  A  parish  In  York- 
shire. 

HINDLEY.  IIINDLE.  A  chapelry  in 
Lancashire. 


HINDMAN.  Analagous  to  Hartman, 
Iluckman,  &c.,  in  relation  to  the  care  of 
deer.  It  may,  however,  be  a  pleonasm  for 
Hind,  which  see. 

HINDMARCH.  See  Hindmarsh. 

IIINDMARSH.  Local  :  "  The  hinder 
or  more  remote  marsh." 

HINDSON.  The  son  of  a  hind  or  farm 
bailiff.     See  Hind. 

HINE.  The  same  as  Hind,  and  a  more 
correct  spelling  of  that  word.  The  form  in 
H.R.  is  Le  Hine. 

HINKLEY.     See  Hinckley. 

HINKS.  Properly  Henks,  from  Hemy  ; 
so  Jenks  from  John,  and  Wilks  from  Wil- 
liam.    See  however  Hiucks. 

HINKS:\IAN.  HINXMAN.  Corrtiptions 
of  Henchman. 

HINTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Salop,  Hants,  Somerset,  Wilts,  Gloucester, 
Northampton,  Dorset,  Berks,  &c. 

HIPKIN.     See  Hipp. 

HIPP.  An  old  Scandinavian  name,  whence 
Hipson,  Hipkin,  and  the  local  Plippisley, 
Hipswell,  &c. 

HIPPER.  The  Hypper  or  Ibber  is  a 
river  of  Derbyshire,  a  tributary  of  the 
Hother. 

IIIPPISLEY.  Local:  but  I  do  not  find 
the  place.  In  an  ancient  ijarchment  pedi- 
gree, in  the  jjossession  of  the  Hippisle3-s  of 
Stoneaston,  co.  Somerset,  is  the  following 
copy  of  a  rhyming  grant,  said  to  have  been 
made  by  John  of  Gaunt  to  an  ancestor  of 
the  house.  [N.  B.  "  Time-honoured  Lan- 
caster "  would  appear  to  have  been  much 
addicted  to  versification  of  this  kind,  and 
several  similar  grants  of  his  have  been  pre- 
served. Pity  it  is  that  he  did  not  get  a 
little  assistance  from  his  contemporaries 
Gower  and  Chaucer,  his  verses  being  cer- 
tainly amongst  the  roughest  productions  of 
the  English  muse.] 

"I, John   a-Gaunt  do  give  and  grant  unto   Richard 

Hippislcy, 
All  tlie  manors  herein  named,  as  I  think  in   number 

seven ; 
To  be  as  fiini  to  be  tliine,  as  ever  they  were  mine, 

from  Heaven  above  to  Hell  below  : 
And  to  confirm  the  truth,  I  seal  it  with  my  great 

tooth,  the  wax  in  doe!  ! 
"  Stone-Easton,  Carnley,  AVakam,  Tuddlhouse,  Bra- 
sket,  Charde,  Hinton-Bluet." 

HIPSON.  See  Hipp.  Ipscn  as  a  sur- 
name is  still  found  in  Denmark. 

HIP  WELL.  Probably  Hipswell,  a  cha- 
pelry in  CO.  York. 

HIRD.     See  Herd. 

HIRST.     See  Hurst. 

HISCOCK.     A  diminutive  of  Isaac. 

HISCOCKS.     See  Isaac. 

HITCHCOCK.  Hitch  is  an  old  "  nurse- 
name"  of  Eicliard,  and  COCK  is  the  ordinary 
diminutive. 

HITCHCOX.     See  Richard. 


HOB  159 


HITCIIIN".      A  town  in   co.   Hertford. 
Also  a  "nurse-name"  of  Ricliartl. 

HITCHINS.     See  Richard. 
HITHE.     A  haven.     A-Sax.      Or  spe- 
cifically from  thetort-n  of  Hythe,  co.  Kent. 

HITCIIINSON.     See  Richard. 

IIIXON.     The  same  as  Hickson. 

HOAD,  A  hoad  iu  the  South  means  a 
heathy  or  rough  ground.  In  Sussex  many 
names  of  places  which  comprise  the  sylla- 
ble Jioth  or  heath  ha\-e  had  it  corrupted  by  the 
jieasantry  to  hoad,  and  thus  Hothly  and 
Roehcath  become  Hoadly  and  Roehoad. 
See  HoTHEK. 

HOADLY.  HOADLEY.  The  parishes 
of  East  and  West  Hothly,  or  Hoathly,  are 
pronounced  in  the  dialect  of  Sussex  as 
Hoad-lie ;  and  from  one  of  these  the  sur- 
name has  probably  been  derived. 

HOAR.  HOARE.  Doubtless  from  A- 
Sax.  hdr,  hoary,  grey;  applied  to  a  person 
having  a  grey  or  hoary  bead.  The  common 
medieval  form  is  Le  Hore. 

HOBART.  Probably  another  form  of 
Hubert. 

HOBB.  HOBBES.  HOBBS.  See  Robert. 
Hobbe,  Hobbis.     H.R. 

HOBBINS.     See  Robert. 

HOBDAY.  Hoh  is  a  country  clown, 
(Hallivvell),  and  day  or  deije  one  of  the 
bumblest  class  of  husbandry  servants,  or 
as  we  now  call  them  day-labourers.  Eng. 
Surn.  Hence  a  Hobday  means  an  agri- 
cultural labourer. 

HOBKOsS.     See  Robert. 

HOBLER.     "  As  well  hohellers  as  arch- 
ers."    Paston  Letters,  edit.  ISil,  ii.  154. 
"  Hoblers  or  hobilers,  so  called  from  the 
hobbies  or  diminutive  horses  on  which  they 
rode,  or  more  probably  from  hohilles,  the 
short  jackets  which  they  Avore.    They  were 
light  horsemen,  and  proved  of  considerable 
sei-vice  to  Edward  III.  in  his  French  expe- 
ditions.    By  the  tenure  of  their  lands  they 
were  obliged  to  maintain  their  nags,  and 
were   expected  to  be   in   readiness,  wben 
sudden  invasions  happened,  to  spread  im- 
mediate intelligence  of  the  same  throughout 
the  land."     Ibid.  Note.    Lambarde  writing 
in   1570,   concerning    beacons   and   their 
management  in  case  of  invasion,  says:  "  But 
as  no  doubt  the  necessitie  of  them  is  appa- 
rent,  so  it  were  good  that  for  the  more 
speedie  spreading  of  the  knowledge  of  the 
enimies  comming,  they  were  assisted  with 
some  horsemen  (anciently  called  of  their 
hobies  or  nags,  Hobelievs)  that  besides  the 
fire,  which  in  a  bright  shining  day  is  not  so 
■well  descried,  might  also  run  from  beacon 
to  beacon,  and  supply  that  notice  of  the 
danger  at  hande."    Perambulation  of  Kent, 
edit.  1826.,  p.  6-5. 

HOBINIAN.     In  some  local  dialects  this 
word  signifies  a  clown,  a  rustic. 
HOBSON.     Hob  is  a  known  diminutive 


HOD 

of  Robert,  and  in  some  cases  this  surname 
is  probably  from  that  source ;   but  it  would 
seem  that  there  was  anciently  some  baptis- 
mal name  like  Ob,  or  Hob,  as  we  find  in  the 
Doniesd.  of  Suffolk  one  Leuric  Hobbesune 
or  Obbesune — probably  a  Saxon. 
HOBY.        1.     Robert,     through     Hob. 
Borde,  in  his  Boke  of  Knowledge  (1542) 
makes  a  Welshman  say  : — 
"I  am  a  gciitylmaii,  and  come  of  Brutus'  blood, 
Sly  name  is  ap  Hyce,  ap  Da\-j',  ap  Flood ; 
My  kindred  is  ap  Hobii,  ap  Jenldn,  ap  Goffo, 
Bycause  that  I  go  barleggecl  I  do  each  tlic  coffe." 
2.  A  parish  iu  co.  Leicester. 

HOCKDAY.  HOCKADAY.  An  an- 
cient festival,  which  commenced  the  fif- 
teenth day  after  Easter,  was  called  indiffer- 
ently Hokeday  or  Hocktide.  There  is  much 
uncertainty  as  to  the  origin  of  the  customs 
attending  it,  as  well  as  to  the  etymology  of 
the  word.  For  what  is  known  of  both,  see 
Brand's  Popular  Antiquities,  edit.  Ellis,  i. 
81,  109,  &c.  The  surname  must  have  been 
originally  imposed  on  the  same  principle  as 
that  which  gave  rise  to  Christmas,  Pente- 
cost, Easter,  &c.  See  Times  and  Seasons. 

HOCKEN.  HOCKIN".  Corruptions  of 
Hawkin,  Hawkins,  or  of  Hocking. 

HOCKING.  The  Hokiugs,  according  to 
Ferguson,  were  a  Frisian  people,  and  de- 
rived their  name  from  one  Hoce,  mentioned 
in  the  poem  of  Beowulf.  Mr.  Kemltle 
(Archffiolog.  Jouru.)  observes  that  Hoce  is 
a  "  mythical  personage,  probably  the  hevos 
ejwnymiisofthe  Frisian  tribe,  the  founder  of 
the  Hocings,  and  a  progenitor  of  the  impe- 
rial race  of  Charlemagne." 

HOCKLEY,     A  parish  in  Essex. 

HOCKNELL.  Hockeuhull,  a  township 
in  Cheshire. 

HODD.  1.  See  Roger.  Hod,  Hodd, 
Hodde,  H.R.  2.  A  personnl  name  of  gi-eat 
antiquitv,  which  may  be  derived  from 
Hodr,  the  blind  son  of  Odin.  See  Fergu- 
son. 

HODE.     See  Hoad  or  Hood. 

HODDER.  A  river  of  Yorkshire  tribu- 
tary to  the  Ribble.  But  there  is  a  Le 
Hoder  in  H.R.  denoting  some  occupation. 

HODGE.     HODGES.     See  Roger. 

HODGKIN.  See  Roger.  I  have  before 
me  a  document  of  the  XV.  cent,  in  which 
the  same  landed  proprietor  is  called  indiffe- 
rently Roger  and  Hodgkyn. 

HODGKINSON".  See  Roger. 

HODGSON.  The  son  of  Hodge  or 
Roger.  This  name  in  the  North  of  England 
is  pronounced  Ilodgiu,  while  in  the  South 
it  has  taken  not  only  the  pronunciation,  but 
the  spelling,  of  Hodson  or  Hudson.  The 
name  of  Hodgson  is  ancient  at  Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne,  being  found  in  records  of  temp. 
Edward  I.,  and  the  Hodgsons  of  Stella  and 
Acton,  CO.  Northumberland,  trace  a  clear 
pedigree  to  1424. 

PIODNET.  A  town  in  Shropshire.  De 
Hodenet.     H.R. 


HOL 


160 


HOL 


HODSON.  See  Roger.  The  son  of 
Hodge  or  Roger.  It  is  curious  that  Hodge- 
son  becomes  in  tlie  North  of  England 
Hodgia — in  the  South,  Hodson. 

HOE.  A-Sax.  hoit,  a  hill — as  the  Hoe  at 
Pljmaouth. 

HOPjSE.     The  same  as  Husee  or  Hussey. 

HOEY.  Originally  MacHoey,  a  corrup- 
tion of  MacKay,  but  retaining  a  similar 
pronunciation. 

HOFFiNIAlSr.  Germ,  hofmann,  a  com-- 
tier. 

HOG.     See  Hogg. 

HOGARTH.     A  place  in  Westmoreland. 

HOGBEN.  HOGBIN.  Probably  a  pig- 
stye  ;  from  Iwg,  and  lin,  a  crib  or  hutch. 
A- Sax.  This  Kentish  surname  -was  proba- 
bly applied  in  the  first  instance  to  a  swine- 
herd. 

HOGG.  HOGGE.  The  animal— analo- 
gous to  Wildbore,  Purcell,  &c.  Those  who 
object  to  be  classed  with  the  swinish  multi- 
tude may  prefer  a  derivation  from  the  A- 
Sax.  hog,  whicli  means  prudent,  careful, 
thoughtful.  The  northern  Hoggs,  however, 
claim  descent  from  Hougo,  a  Noi-vs'egian 
baron,  who  is  said  to  have  settled  in  Ettrick 
Forest.  Folks  of  Shields,  p.  43.  Who 
■would  have  guessed  at  the  baronial  descent 
of  ovn-  great  Shepherd ! 

HOGGART.  May  be  the  same  as  Ho- 
garth, though  Iwg-lierd,  swine-herd,  has 
been  suggested. 

HOGGER.     See  Hoggart. 

HOGGETT.     The  same  as  Hngget. 

HOGGINS.     The  same  as  Hugglns. 

HOGHTON.  Adam  de  Hocton,  held 
one  carucate  of  land  in  Hocton  (now  Hogh- 
ton  Tower),  co.  Lancaster,  temp.  Pleury  II. 
The  present  Sir  Henry  Bold  Hoghton.  who 
stands  second  on  the  roll  of  Baronets  (IGll) 
is  the  existing  representative. 

HOGSFLESH.  A  sobriqnet,  perhaps 
originallj'  applied  to  a  pork-butcher. 
Various  shifts  have  been  adopted  to  modify 
or  change  this  uncomfortable  surname.  I 
have  known  instances  of  its  being  written 
Hoflesh,  Hoxley,  and  even  Oxley. 

HOGWOOD.  Local :  a  "  -wood  abounding 
in  swine." 

HOILE.     See  Hoyle. 

HOLBECHE.  liolbeach,  a  town  in 
Lincolnshire.  The  latinization  in  cliarters 
implies  "the  holy  beech;" — De  Sacra  Fago. 

HOLBECK.  Townships  in  cos.  York 
and  Nottingham. 

IIOLBORN.     A  portion  of  London. 

HOLBROOK.  A  parish  in  Suflolk,  and 
a  chapelry  in  Derbyshire. 

HOLCOMBE.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Somerset,  Lancaster,  Oxou,  and  Devon. 


HOLD.  A  fortress,  or  any  thing  held 
out. 

HOLDEK  May  be  local.  See  Den  ; 
but  from  the  occurrence  of  such  local  names 
as  Holden-by,  Holden-hurst,  Holding-liam, 
it  looks  like  an  ancient  jjersonal  appella- 
tion. 

HOLDER.     Thin.  Camden. 

HOLDERNESS.  A  great  district  or 
■R-apeutake  of  Yorkshire. 

HOLDGATE.     A  parish  in   Shropshire. 

HOIvDDv  G.  Probably  the  same  as  Hol- 
den. 

HOLFORD.     A  parish  in  Somersetshire. 

HOLE.  This  word  is  in  many  dialects 
applied  to  a  locality  which  lies  much  lower 
than  the  surrounding  lands ;  and  a  resident 
at  such  a  place  would  acquire  the  surname 
Atte  Hole.  Hoole  and  Hoyle  are  other 
forms  of  tlie  same  name. 

HOLGATE.  Iloldgate,  a  parish  in 
Sliropshire.     Also  a  township  in  co.  York. 

HOLIDAY.     HOLLADAY.     See  Hal- 

liday. 

HOLKER.  Tavo  townships  in  Lanca- 
shire. 

HOLL.  Plolle,  without  prefix,  is  found 
in  H.R. 

HOLLAND.  It  has  been  stated  on  the 
authority  of  George  of  Croylaud,  who  wrote 
an  account  of  the  family  in  1550,  that  the 
noble  and  knightly  race  of  this  name  could 
trace  themselves  backwards  thirteen  gene- 
rations beyond  the  Norman  Conquest !  For 
13  we  should  probably  read  3  ;  and  there 
is  a  more  credible  genealogy  which  makes 
the  fundator  genfis  one  Otho,  whose  son 
Stephen  lloinished  under  Edw.  the  Con- 
fessor, as  lord  of  Stevingtou,  co.  Lincoln, 
and  his  son,  Ralph  de  Holand,  it  is  said,' 
continued  to  hold  liis  lands  by  the  permis- 
sion of  William  the  Conquei'or.  These 
lands  were  in  the  district  of  Lincolnshire 
still  known  as  Holland,  but  there  is  also  a 
Holland  in  Lancashire  which  belonged  to 
the  family.  Thej^  were  ennobled  by  Ed- 
ward I.,  and  their  blood  mingled  with  that 
of  royalty  itself  by  the  marriage  of  Thomas 
de  Holland  with  the  lovely  Joane  Planta- 
genet,  the  Fair  Maul  of  Fent,  and  grand- 
daughter of  King  Edward  III. 

HOLLANDS.     See  Holland. 

HOLLEEONE.  Sometimes  corrupted 
to  Hollmvhune  1  It  is  doubtless  equivalent 
to  'holy  bourne,'  that  is,  a  stream  issuing 
from  a  holy  spring  or  well.  It  is  pronounced 
as  a  trisyllable. 

HOLLET.  Probably  Holleth,  a  hamlet 
in  the  parish  of  Garstang,  co.  Lancaster. 

IIOLLEY.     Probably  local. 

HOLLICK.  Doubtless  Ilolwick,  a  town- 
ship in  Yorkshire,  by  tke  suppression  of  W'. 

HOLLIDAY.    See  Halliday. 


HOL 


161 


HON 


IIOLLIER.  A  mispronunciation  of  Hel- 
lyer. 

IIOLLTNGBURY.  A  conspicuous  bill 
near  Brighton,  Sussex. 

IIOLLINGSWORTH.  A  manor  in 
Mottram,  co.  Chester. 

IIOLLINGTON.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

IIOLLOND.  A  variation  of  Holland, 
which  see. 

IIOLLOWAY.     A  part  of  the  parish  of 

Islington,  co.  Middlesex. 

HOLLYGROVE.  From  residence  near 
a  grove  of  holly, 

HOLLYINIAN.     See  Holyman. 

IIOLLYWELL.    See  Halliwell. 

HOLMAN.  May  be  a  contraction  of 
Holyman  ;  but  is  more  likely  to  be  "  n-liole 
man,"  a  man  of  sterling  mettle.  It  must 
be  recollected  that  in  medieval  English 
ivJiole  was  spelt  without  the  w,  and  the  com- 
monest form  of  this  name  in  the  XIV.  and 
XV.  cent,  is  Holeman. 

HOLMER.  A  dM-eller  by  a  holm  or  low 
ground.     See  termination  ER. 

HOLMES.  A  holme  is  defined  by  Hal- 
liwell as  '  flat  laud ;  a  small  island ;  a  de- 
posit of  soil  at  the  confluence  of  two  waters. 
Flat  gi'ounds  near  water  are  called  holms.' 

"  Some  call  theiu  the  holmes,  because  they  lie  low, 
and  are  good  for  nothing  but  grasse." 

Harrison. 
In  Scotland  a  Jwlm  means  both  a  small 
uninhabited  island,  and  a  detached  or  insu- 
lated rock  in  the  sea. 

HOLINIS.     See  Holmes. 

HOLNEY.  Local :  probably  from  Oluey, 
CO.  Buckingham. 

HOLROYD.  A  local  name.  (See  royd.) 
The  place  is  probably  in  the  W.  Biding  of 
Yorkshire,  where  William  de  Howroyde  or 
Holroyd,  the  Earl  of  Sheffield's  ancestor, 
flourished  tem^).  Edw.  I. 

HOLSTEN.  From  the  province  of 
Holstein. 

HOLT.  Halliwell  says  a  grove,  or  small 
forest.  On  the  South  Downs  generally,  if 
not  always,  it  is  a  small  hanging  wood.  See 
other  definitions  in  Eng.  Surn.  i.  75.'  Leo 
says  copse  or  wood,  corresponding  with  the 
Germ.  holz.  The  H.R.  forms  are  De,  Dela, 
Del,  and  Le  Holt.  There  are  towns  and 
places  specifically  named  Holt  in  Norfolk, 
Wiltshire,  Worcestershire,  and  Leicester- 
shire. 

HOLTER.  A  man  Avho  resided  near  a 
Holt.     See  termination  ek. 

HOLTMAN.    See  holt  and  man. 

HOLTON,  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Lincoln, 
Oxon,  Somerset,  Suffolk,  &c. 

HOLYBROOK.  Local:  "the  sacred 
stream" — in  charters,  De  Sacro  Fonte. 

HOLYHEAD.     The  Welsh  town. 


HOLYMAN.  In  the  Laudnamabok,  ac- 
cording to  Mr.  Ferguson,  there  are  "  forty- 
two  men  having  Helgi  (holy)  for  their  bap- 
tismal name,  while  only  three  had  acquired 
it  as  a  surname."  "  Holyman,"  he  adds, 
"  corresponds  with  the  German  name  Hei- 
ligmann."  In  Germany  the  name  was 
formerly  translated  into  the  Greek 
Osiander, 

HOLYOAK.  From  residence  near  an 
oak  to  which  some  sanctity  was  attached. 
The  latinization  in  charters  is,  De  Sacra 
Quercu. 

HOMAN.     The  same  as  Holman. 

HOME.  See  Hume,  of  which  it  is  an 
older  orthography. 

HOMER.  A  medieval  personal  name. 
A  saint  bearing  it  gave  name  to  St.  Omer 
in  Picardy,  from  whence  the  founder  of  the 
family  may  have  come  to  England — not 
necessarily,  however,  since  Homertou,  Ho- 
mersham,  Homersfield,  &c.,  point  distinctly 
to  some  Anglo-Saxon  proprietor  who  re- 
joiced in  this  poetical  designation.  The 
first  of  the  family  on  record,  according  to 
Mr.  Dixon,  is  Thomas  de  Homere,  1338, 
who  had  lands  in  co.  Dorset.  A  family  of 
Homer  have  been  settled  in  Staffordshire 
for  centuries.     Surnames,  p.  37. 

HOLIES.     See  Holmes. 

HOMEWOOD.  Local:  "the  wood  of 
holm  or  holly." 

ELONDESDICK.  Houndsditch  in  London 
gave  name  to  a  citizen,  one  Geoffrey  de 
Hondesdick,  temp.  Edw.  I.    H.R. 

HOiSTE.  Probably  Holne,  a  parish  iu 
Devonshire.  There  is,  however,  a  Hone 
without  prefix  in  H.R. 

HONEY.  Li  Sussex  this  name  has  been 
corrupted  from  the  local  Holney ;  but 
Honey  unprefixed  is  found  in  H.R. 

HONEYBONE.  HONEYBUM.  Pro- 
bably corruptions  of  Honeybourne  or  Cow- 
Honeybourne,  co.  Gloucester. 

HONE  YCHURCH.  A  parish  in  Devon- 
shire. 

HONEYMAN.  Li  old  times  when  mead 
or  metheglin  was  a  favourite  beverage,  and 
when  sugar  was  unknown  in  England,  the 
propagation  of  bees,  aud  the  j^roduction  of 
hone}',  furnished  employment  for  many 
persons  ;  aud  hence  the  surnames  Beeman 
and  Honeyman.  Honeman,  Honiman, 
H.R.     See  Beeman. 

HONEYSETT.  Possibly  from  the  A- 
Sax,  kvniff,  honey,  and  setl,  a  seat  or  a  set- 
ting— a  bee-park.     See  under  Beeman. 

HONEYWELL.  HONYWELL. 

HONYWILL.  Probably  local,  from  the 
termination  well.  It  might  "  be  given  to 
a  well  from  the  sweetness  of  its  waters." 
Ferguson. 

HONNOR.     See  Honor. 

HONOR.  HONOUR.  Probably  the 
Lat.  HouoriuSj  through  the  French  Honore. 


HOP 


162 


II  OR 


nONYWOOD.  "  The  name  is  derived 
from  Henewood  near  Postling  in  Kent, 
where  the  ancestors  of  this  family  resided 
as  early  as  the  reign  of  Henry  III."  Shir- 
ley's Noble  and  Gentle  Men,  p.  97. 

nOO.  HOOE.  Parishes  and  places  in 
cos.  Hertfordshire,  Sussex,  Kent,  &c. 

HOOD.  1.  From  some  peculiarity  in 
the  head-dress  of  the  original  possessor  of 
the  name.  2.  But  more  probably  Odo  is 
the  source. 

IIOOFE.  If  of  English  origin  (which  I 
doubt)  may  be  connected  with  the  A-Sax. 
Uffa  or  Offa,  a  well-known  personal  name. 

HOOK.  HOOKE.  Many  localities  in 
England  bear  the  name  of  "the  Hook,"  an 
expression  which  is  doubtless  topographical, 
though  its  precise  derivation  is  not  known. 
It  is  probably  allied  to  the  Teutonic  hoe, 
7ioh,  hoch,  &c.,  all  meaning  a  hill  or  elevated 
place.  The  surname  was  written  in  the 
XrV.  cent.  Atte  Hooke,  and  this  by  crasis 
sometimes  became  Tooke.  It  may  be  men- 
tioned that  Hoke,  as  a  personal  name,  oc- 
curs in  Saxon  times.  See  Beowulf,  1.  2146, 
where  we  find  the  daughter  of  Hoke  be- 
wailing the  death  of  her  sons. 

HOOKER.  1 .  See  Hook,  and  the  termi- 
nation EE.     2.  A  maker  of  hooks. 

HOOKEY.  HOOKEYE.  Probably 
local.  The  latter  orthography  makes  a 
curious  compound,  and  reminds  us  of  one  of 
Douglas  Jerrold's  witticisms.  When  asked 
if  he  knew  Theodore  Hook,  he  replied: 
"  Oh  yes,  Hook  and  I  are  very  intimate  !" 

HOOKMAN.  Sec  Hook,  and  the  termi- 
nation MAN.  Hokeman  without  prefix  is 
found  in  H.R. 

IIOOLE.  Places  in  cos.  Chester,  Lancas- 
ter, and  York. 

HOOPER.  The  same  as  Hoper.  John 
Hooper,  bishop  of  Gloucester,  a  victim  of 
the  Marian  persecution,  wrote  his  name  in- 
differently Hoper  and  Hooper.  Perhaps  in 
some  cases  a  maker  of  hoops.  The  form  of 
the  name  temp.  Edward  I.  was  Le  Hopere. 
H.E. 
A  distinguished  family  of  this  name  are 

of  Dutch  origin. 

HOOTTON".  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  York 
and  Chester. 

HOPE.  1.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Derby, 
York,  Flint,  Kent,  Salop,  Hereford,  &c.  2. 
A  topographical  expression,  meaning  a 
sloping  hollow  between  two  hills,  "  petite 
vallee  entre  des  montagnes."  Jamieson. 
"  The  side  of  an  hill."  Camden.  Hence 
the  surnames  Hope,  Hoper,  and  Hooper,  as 
well  as  Hopekirk,  Hopewell,  &c.  The  H.R. 
form,  De  Hope,  belongs  to  the  first,  and  De 
la  Hope  to  the  second  definition. 

HOPER.  From  residence  near  a  Jiope  or 
valley.  See  Hope,  and  the  termination  er. 
The  Protestant  bishop  of  Gloucester,  temp. 
Queen  Mary,  wrote  his  name  indifferently 
Hoper  and  Hooper. 

HOPEWELL.     Hopwell,  cc.  Derby. 


HOPGOOD.     A  corruption  of  HopAvood. 

HOPKINS.  HOPKYNS.  From  Robert, 
through  Hob,  with  the  diminutive  kin.  The 
H.R.  form  is  Hobekyn.  A  family  of  this 
name  have  possessed  a  farm  at  Swalclifl'e, 
CO.  Oxon,  from  the  XIII.  cent.,  and  nine- 
teen successive  proprietorsbore  theChristian 
name  of  John.  They  believe  themselves  to 
be  descended  from  a  younger  son  of  one  of 
the  three  Sir  JRflhci-t  de  Wykehams  who  were 
in  succession  owners  of  Swalcliffe,  temp.  John 
and  Henry  III.  The  arms  too  of  Hopkyns 
appear  to  have  been  jiartly  borrowed  from 
those  of  AVykeham.  Information  of  D.  D. 
Hopkyns,  Esq. 

HOPKINSON.     See  Robert. 

HOPPE.     Probably  the  same  as  Hope, 

HOPPER.  A-Sax.  hoppere,  a  dancer. 
Le  Hoppar,  Le  Hopper,  Le  Hoppere.  H.R. 

HOPPING.  Perhaps  Hoppen,  a  town- 
ship in  Northumberland, 

HOPPRINGLE.  From  the  estate  so 
called  in  the  S.  of  Scotl.  (Roxburghshire  ?) 
The  first  syllable  was  dropped  in  the  XVII. 
cent.,  and  the  name  has  since  been  known 
as  Priugle.  So  says  a  northern  correspon- 
dent— but  see  Pringle. 

HOPPUS.  The  derivation  from  "hop- 
house  "  will  hardly  do,  hops  being  of  too 
recent  introduction,  unless  indeed  the  name 
be  very  modern.  It  is  more  likely  "  Hope- 
house,"  from  residence  near  a  Jtojje.  See 
Hope,  2. 

HOPTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Derby,  Stafford,  Suffolk,  Salop,  &c. 

HOPWOOD.  A  township  in  Lanca- 
shire. 

HORACE.  I  do  not  see  why  this  name 
should  not  have  been  derived,  through  the 
French,  from  the  Roman  Horatius ;  but  Mr. 
Ferguson  deduces  it  fi-om  the  0.  Saxon, 
Fi'iesic,  and  Norse,  hros,  Iwraz,  hross,  a 
horse. 

HORD.  Has  been  considered  a  corrup- 
tion of  Howard.  Herd  is  however  a  Swe- 
dish surname,  and  it  was  borne  by  a  distin- 
guished general  of  Charles  XII. 

HORDE.  Probably  the  same  as  Howard, 
or  as  Herd. 

HORDEN.  Dispensator,  steward.  Camd. 
From  A-Sax.  Ii6rd,  a  hoard,  or  treasury, 

HORE.     See  Hoare, 

HORLEY,  Parishes  in  cos.  Surrey  and 
Oxford. 

HORLOCK.  Hoar  and  loch  Having 
hoary  locks ;  grey-headed.  Shnilar  names 
are  Blacklock,  Silverlock,  Whitelock,  &c. 

HORNBLOWER.  Cornage  is  a  law 
term  (Lat.  conuujlwn^  for  a  species  of  tenure 
in  grand  serjeanty,  "  the  service  of  which 
was  to  blow  a  horn  when  any  invasion  of 
the  Scots  was  perceived;  andby  this  tenure 
many  persous  held  their  lands  northward, 
about  the  wall,  commonly  called  the  Plot's 


II  OR 


163 


H  OS 


"Wall."  Jacob,  who  cites  Camden.  The 
person  who  performed  this  duty  for  the 
lord,  probably  acquired  the  surname.  At 
Ripon  there  prevails  a  peculiar  custom, 
"  which  according  to  some  is  of  a  date  prior 
to  the  Conquest,  viz.,  to  blow  a  horn  every 
night  at  nine  o'clock  ;  and  fonnerly  if  any 
house  or  shop  was  robbed  between  that 
hour  and  sunrise  the  loss  was  made  good 
to  the  sufferer,  by  a  yearly  tax  of  fourpence, 
imposed  on  every  house-keeper.  The  tax 
is  now  discontinued,  but  the  custom  is  still 
kept  up  of  blowing  the  horn  every  night, 
three  times  at  the  mayor's  door,  and  three 
times  at  the  market-cross.  The  officer  who 
performs  this  duty  is  called  thei7o?'«-JZo«'e;'." 
Pari.  Gazetteer.  Blouhorn  is  met  with 
in  the  H.E. ;  and  Blower  and  Horniblow 
still  exist.  "  Cornicen,  horn-blawere." 
"Wright's  Vocab.  73. 

HORNBY.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Lan- 
caster and  York. 

IIORNCASTLE.  A  town  in  Lincoln- 
shire. 

nORXE.  One  Alwin  Home  held  lands 
in  Middlesex  and  Herts  before  the  making 
of  Domesday.  Horn  is  a  personal  name  of 
great  antiquity,  and  is  borne  by  the  hero  of 
a  celebrated  0.  Eng.  and  Fr.  romance. 
For  his  history,  see  Wright's  Essays,  vol  i., 
Ess.  iii. 

HORNER.  A  manufacturer  of  horn. 
In  London  the  horners  and  bottle-makers 
form  one  Company.  Horn  was  anciently 
applied  to  many  uses  for  which  glass  and 
other  materials  are  at  present  employed. 
"Horns,"  says  Fuller,  "are  a  commodity 
not  to  be  slighted,  seeing  I  cannot  call  to 
mind  any  other  substance  so  hard  that  it 
will  not  break  ;  so  solid  that  it  will  hold 
liquor  within  it ;  and  yet  so  clear  that  light 
Avill  pass  through  it.  No  mechanical  trade 
but  hath  some  utensils  made  thereof  ;  and 
even  now  I  recruit  my  pen  with  ink  from  a 
vessel  of  the  same.  Yea,  it  is  useful  cap-a- 
pie,  fi-om  combs  to  shoeiug-horns.  What 
shall  I  speak  of  many  gardens  made  of 
horns  to  garnish  houses  ?  I  mean  artificial 
fiowers  of  all  colours.  And  besides  what  is 
spent  in  England,  many  thousand  weight 
are  shaven  down  into  leaves  for  lanthorns, 

and  sent  over  daily  into  France 

No  wonder  then  that  the  Horners  are  an 
ancient  corporation,  though  why  they  and 
the  bottle-makers  were  formerly  united  into 
one  company  passeth  my  skill  to  conjec- 
ture." Worthies  of  England,  Lancashire. 
The  union  between  the  two  trades  was 
probably  formed,  because  vessels  for  holding 
liquors "  were  the  staple  commodity  of 
both. 

HORNIBLOAV.     Possibly  a  corruption 
of  Hornblower. 
HORNING.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 
HORNSEY.    A  parish  in  Middlesex. 

HORNYOLD.  The  first  recorded  an- 
cestor is  John  de  H.,  temp.  Edw.  III.  Local 
— place  unknown. 


HORSECRAFT.     The   horse-croft,    an 
enclosure  for  horses. 

HORSELL.     A  parish  in  Surrey. 

HORSEY.     A  parish   in   Norfolk,   and 
places  in  Sussex  and  Essex. 

HORSFORD.     A  parish  in  Norfolk, 

HORSLEY.  Parishes  and  to-\vnships  in 
COS.  Northumberland  and  Derby. 

HORSEMAN.  HORSMAN.  Either  a 
chevalier  as  distinguished  from  a  foot- 
soldier,  or  a  keeper  of  horses.  In  H.R.  we 
have  one  Arjnes  le  Horseman — doubtless  a 
clever  Amazon. 

HORSEMONGER.  A  horse-dealer; 
whence  Horsemonger  Lane  in  London.  lu 
H.E.  Le  Horsemougere. 

HORSNAHiE.  HORSNELL.  Fergu- 
son says,  it  may  "refer  to  one  who  was  as 
swift-footed  as  a  horse."  A-Sax.  snel, 
quick,  active.  A  Kentish  farrier,  with  great 
propriety,  lately  bore  this  name  in  the 
former  orthography. 

HORTON.  (A-Sax.  or/,  or  wort,  herbs, 
or  vegetables,  and  tun.,  an  enclosure — a 
garden).  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Bucks,  Chester,  Dorset,  Gloucest.,  Kent, 
Northampt.,  Northumb.,  Salop,  York,  Staf- 
ford, &c. 

HORWOOD.  Parishes  in  cos.  Bucking- 
ham and  Devon. 

HOSE.     The  same  as  Hussey. 

HOSE.     The  garment.     See  Hosier. 

HOSEY.  Hosatus  or  Hussey,  which 
latter  see. 

HOSIER.  Camden  explains  Chaucer  by 
Hosier.  The  hosier  of  modern  times  sells 
stockings  and  other  soft  '  under  clothing.' 
Two  hundred  years  ago,  the  hosiers  of 
Loudon  were  those  tailors  who  sold  ready- 
made  clothes  {qui  vendent  des  habits 
dlwmmes  tons  /aits.  Cotgr.);  but  the 
original  hosier  was  he  who  encased  the 
"  nether  man  "  in  leather :  "  The  chanssure 
connnonly  used  in  England,  when  surnames 
were  first  adopted  by  the  commonalty,  was 
of  leather,  covered  both  the  foot  and  leg, 
and  was  called  hose.  Hosier,  therefore,  is 
the  same  with  Chancier,  which  comes  from 
the  Lat.  calcearins,  and  differs  but  little  in 
meaning  from  another  word  used  to  denote 
the  man  who  followed  this  employment,  viz., 
Sutor,  Sowter,  or  Souter,  which  was  in  use 
in  English  from  the  time  of  Chaucer  to  that 
of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher.  It  is  still  pre- 
served in  Scotland,  and  has  become  a 
surname  in  both  countries."  Edinburgh 
Review,  Ajiril,  1855. 

IIOSKIN.     See  Roger. 

HOSKING.     See  Hoskins. 

HOSKINS.  A  softened  pronnnciation  of 
Hodgkins. 

IIOSMER.  Osmer  was  a  Domesday 
tenant  in  chief,  co.  Dorset,  who  had  held 
his  lands  temp.  Edw.  Confessor. 


HOU 


164 


HOY 


HOSTE.  The  ancestor  of  tlie  baronet 
was  Jacques  Hostc,  who  was  driven  out  of 
the  Netherlands  in  15G9,  by  the  persecutions 
under  the  Duke  of  Alva,  and  settled  in 
England.  His  ancestors  were  influential  in 
the  city  of  Bruges  in  the  XIV,  cent.  Court- 
hope's  Debrett. 

HOTCHKmS.     See  Roger. 

HOTCIIKISS.    A  corruption  of  Ilodg- 

kins. 
HOTHAM.    A  parish  In  Yorkshire.  The 

name  was  assumed  by  Peter  de  Trehouse, 

M-ho  was  living  there  in  1118.     Shirley's 

Noble  and  Gentle  ]\Ien. 

HOTHER.  Hoth  in  Sussex,  where  this 
surname  occurs,  signifies  furze  or  gorse,  and 
also  an  unenclosed  ground  where  it  grows. 
Atte  Hoth  is  found  in  the  XIV.  cent.  This 
probably  became  Hother.  It  may  have 
sprung  however  from  Other,  a  personal 
name  of  early  date. 

HOTTEK  HOTTON.  Probably 
Hotou,  CO.  Leicester,  or  Hoton-Pagnel,  co. 
York. 

HOUGH.     A  township  in  Cheshire. 

HOUGHTON.  Parishes  and  places  in 
cos.  Lancaster,  Cumberland,  Hunts,  Hants, 
York,  Northampton,  Northumb.,  iSTorfolk, 
Bedford,  Durham,  Dorset,  Leicester,  &c. 

HOULE.     See  Howell  and  Hoole. 

HOUND.  1.  A-Sax.  hund,  a  hunting 
dog.  A  Gilbert  le  Hund  is  found  in  H.R. 
2.  The  designation  of  a  parish  in  Hamp- 
shire, which  includes  within  its  boundaries 
the  far-famed  Netley  Abbej% 

HOUNSELL.  Possibly  a  corruption  of 
Hounslow,  CO.  Middlesex. 

^^  HOUSE.  A  common  termination  of 
local  surnames,  as  Woodhouse,  New- 
house,  Mirehouse,  Whitehouse,  Old- 
house,  Hobhouse. 

HOUSE.  See  remarks  in  Eng.  Surn, 
i.  75.  1.  It  is  probably  the  A-Sax.  Uvsa,  a 
domestic  servant.  2.  Or,  perhaps,  Su. 
Goth.  1ms,  arx,  a  castle. 

HOUSEGO.  Apparently  the  old  Germ, 
personal  name  Husicho.    Ferguson. 

HOUSEHOLD.  A  hold  Is  a  fortress,  or 
any  thing  held  out.  Hence  Household  may 
signity  a  fortified  house. 

HOUSELESS.  Perhaps  the  sobriquet  of 
a  mendicant. 

HOUSEMAN.      HOUSMAN.       i.     A 

domestic  servant  in  contradistinction  from 
one  employed  in  husbandry  abroad.  2.  Like 
the  A-Sax.  hxis-weard,  a  housekeeper ;  a 
man  who  has  a  house  of  his  own. 

HOUSLEY.     The  same  as  Ouseley. 

HOUSTON.  HOUSTOUN,  The  an- 
cient knightly  family  so  called  originally 
bore  the  name  of  Paduinan  from  a  place  in 
CO.  Lanark.  In  the  XII.  cent.  Hugli  de 
P.  acquired  the  lands  of  Kilpeter,  and  built 
a  residence  there,  to  which  he  gave  the 


name  of  Hugh's  Town,  now  Houston,  co, 
Kenfrew.  His  descendants  of  that  Ilk 
borrowed  their  surname  from  it, 

IIOVELL.     See  HaviU. 

HOW.      HOWE.     HOWES.     In   the 

South,  a  small  round  hill ;  in  the  North,  a 
hollow  place  or  plain.  The  medieval  form 
is  At  How,  generally  synonymous  with 
Hill.     A-Sax.  hou — a  mountain. 

HOWARD.  This  noble  historical  name 
has  been  a  sore  puzzle  to  etymologists.  See 
Eng.  Surn.  i.  133.  A  writer  in  the  Quarterly 
Rev.  vol.  OIL  says,  the  family  "  may  be 
Saxon,  may  be  Danish."  They  are  more 
probablj'  of  Norwegian  origin.  Havard  or 
Haavard  was  a  common  personal  name 
among  the  Northmen.  "  It  appears,"  says 
Laing,  "to  be  the  English  name  Howard, 
and  left  by  them  in  Northumberland  and 
East  Auglia."  Heimskringla.  vol.  i.  p.  410, 
The  seventeenth-century  genealogists 
laboured  hard  to  proA^e  a  Norman  origin 
for  this  illustrious  race,  but  authentic  VQ- 
cords  extend  back  no  farther  than  the  XIII, 
cent.,  when  the  Howards  rose  into  eminence 
in  Norfolk  ;  (See  Peerage,)  though  Houar- 
dus,  the  Essex  under-tenant  of  Domesday 
may  be  cited  on  that  side. 

HOWDEN.  A  large  parish  in  York- 
shire, and  a  towushiij  in  Northumberland. 

HOWELL.  1.  A  very  common  Welsh 
baptismal  name  (Pluel).  2.  A  Lincolnshire 
parish. 

HOWETT.  IIOWITT.  The  same  as 
Hewett,  a  diminutive  of  Hugh. 

HO^VGRAVE.  A  township  in  York= 
shire, 

HOWIE.  Supposed  to  be  a  corruption 
of  the  Fr.  surname  Hauy  :  another  deriva- 
tion is  from  the  Scot.  Jiowe^  a  hollow. 

HOWISON.  The  son  of  Hugh,  Hughie, 
or  Hewie.  The  old  Scot,  mode  of  spelling 
Hugh  was  Hew,  as  especially  in  the  family 
of  Dalrymple.  In  Renfrewshire,  where  the 
surname  abounds,  it  is  pronounced  Hewie's- 
sou. 

HOWIS.  A  genitive  form  of  Hugh. 
Also  local:  De  Howys,  H.R.,  co.  Kent. 

IIOWKE.  See  Ilooke,  of  which  it  is  an 
earlier  form, 

HOWL  AND .  Probably  Hoyland :  three 
places  in  Yorkshire  are  so  called. 

HOWLE.     A  mis-spelling  of  Howell. 

IIOWLEY.     A  river  in  Cheshire. 

HOWLYN.     Supposed  to  be  the  Irish 

equivalent  of  the  Welsh  Llewellyn.  Fitz- 
Howlyn  became  strangely  modified  to  Mac 
Quillan.     Ulster  Journ.  of  Archaeol.,  No.  2. 

HO  WORTH.     The  same  as  Ilaworth. 

HOWROYD.  The  same  as  Holroyd. 
See  ROYD. 

IIOAVSE.    See  How. 

j    HOY,     The  same  as  Iloey, 


HUG 


165 


nOYLE.  A  Yorkshire  topographer 
tliiis  speaks  of  the  cxnaJnila  of  this  family : 
"  Hoile  House,  so  called  from  being  situate 
in  a  hole  or  hoftom,  gave  name  to  a  family 
who  resided  there  as  late  as  the  beginning 
of  the  last  century  (IGOO),  if  not  later.  It 
is  reckoned  a  very  ancient  situation,  but 
has  nothing  remarkable  about  it  now." 
Watson's  Halifax,  1775.  A  respectable 
family  of  the  name  still  existing  deduce 
their  pedigree  from  Edw.  Hoyle  of  Hoyle 
House  in  152S;  but  there  are  other  local 
sources  which  may  in  some  instances  have 
originated  the  name,  as  Hoile  House,  co, 
Dumfries,  Hoyle,  a  hamlet  in  West  Sussex, 
&c.  The  "  Hoele  of  Flyntshire"  mentioned 
by  Lelaud  was  probably  a  gentleman  of 
the  numerous  race  of  the  Howells.  There 
is,  or  was,  in  Kent  a  family  of  Hoile,  but 
from  Hasted  it  Avould  appear  that  their 
name  Avas  originally  Hild.  Hole  and  Hoole 
frequently  interchange  with  Hoyle,  and  are 
doubtless  synonymous. 

HUBBARD.     A  corruption  of  Hubert. 

HUBE.  A  contraction  or  "nurse-name  " 
of  Hubert. 

HUBER.     See  Hubert. 

HUBERT.  The  personal  name.  Among 
its  derivatives  in  English  family  nomen- 
clature we  have  Hubbard,  Hibbert,  Hib- 
bins,  Hibbs,  Hibson,  or  Ibson,  and  probably 
Ibbotsou. 

HUCKETT.     See  Huggett, 

HUCKIN.  BrobablyHnghkin,  a  diminu- 
tive of  Hugh,  like  Huggin. 

HUCKSTEPP.  Local  :  "of  the  high 
steep."  In  the  XIII.  cent,  it  is  found  in 
Sussex  as  De  Hoghstepe. 

HUDSON.     See  Roger  and  Hodgson. 

HUDDLESTONE.  A  small  parish  in 
Yorkshire,  which  the  family  erewhile  pos- 
sessed, though  they  deduce  their  name  from 
king  Athelstan  1 

HUE.  HUETT.  HUETSON.  Ortho- 
graphical variations  of  the  names  Hugh, 
Hewet,  Hewetson, 

HUER.  The  same  as  Couder — which 
see. 

HUFFAM.  From  Hougham,  a  parish  In 
Kent.  Kobert  de  H.  was  constable  of  Ro- 
chester Castle  in  1189,  and  was  at  Askalon 
with  C(Deur-de-Lion.  Hougham  Court  re- 
mained in  the  family  for  many  generations. 
The  corruption  of  Hougham  to  the  pho- 
netic Huffam  is  not  of  recent  date.  Both 
forms  are  used  indifferently  in  Hasted's 
Kent. 

HUGGARD.     See  Hogarth. 

HUGGETT.  1.  A  diminutive  of  Hugh- 
the  same  as  Hewert.  2.  Huggate,  a  parish 
in  the  E.  Riding  of  Yorkshire. 

HUG  GINS.  From  Hugo,  the  Latin 
form  of  Hugh.  The  name  Willelmus  fil' 
Hugouis    would   as   readily  subside    into 


H  U  U 

William  Huggins  as  into  W.  Fitzhugh,  W. 
Ap-Hugh,  or  W.  Hughson. 

HUGH.     This   Norman  Christian  name, 
though  of  rare  occurrence  in  its  simple  form, 
has  furnished  a  host  of  derivatives,  some  of 
which  would  hardly  be  supposed  to  be  of 
such  origin.     Who  at  first  sight  would  take 
the  five  surnames,  Fitzhugh,  Pugh,  Mackay, 
Hoey,  and  Huson,  to  be  identical  in  mean- 
ing? Yet  this  is  the  case;  for  Fitzhugh  is  the 
A. -Norman  rendering  of  '  Filius  Hugonis,' 
the  son  of  Rvgli  ;  Pugh  is  a  contraction  of 
the   Welsh   Ap-Hugh,  the  son  of   Hugh; 
Mackay,  of  the  Gaelic  Mac-Aiodh,  ihe  son 
of  Hugh  ;  Hoey  is  the  same  name  deprived 
of  its  Mac  ;  and  Huson  is  clearly  Hughson, 
■the    son    of    Hugh.      Huggins,    Higgins, 
Hutchins,   Hitchins,  Hutchinson,  Iluggin- 
son,    Hewet,    Hewetson,    Howitt,    Howis, 
Howison,    Huggett,    Hoggins,    as   well   as 
Hughes,  Hughson,  Hewson,  and  probably 
many   other  names,    are  diminutives  and 
patronjnnics  of  Hugh,  the  soft,  and  of  Hugo, 
the  hard,  form.  See  more,  where  necessary, 
under  the  respective  names. 

HUGHES.     From    Hugh,  the  personal 
name.     See  Hugo. 
HUGHMAN.     See  Human. 
HUGHSON.    The  sou  of  Hugh. 
HUGO.      The  A.-Norm.  Christian  name, 
whence  Huggins,  Higgins,  Huggett,  &c.     It 
is  very  common  in  Domesday.     See  Hugh. 

HUISH.     Parishes   in  cos.  Devon    and 

Somerset. 
HULL.     O.  Eng.    A  hill;  but  perhaps 

specifically  from  Hull,  co.  York. 

HULLS.     See  Hulse. 
HULME.       Places    in    cos.    Lancaster, 
Northumberland,  and  Cheshire. 

HULSE.     A  township  in  Cheshire. 

IIULTON.  "Hulton  is  in  the  parish  of 
Dean  (co.  Lancaster)  and  it  gave  name  to 
Bleythen,  called  de  Hulton,  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  II.,  and  from  him  this  ancient  family, 
still  seated  at  their  ancestral  and  original 
manor,  are  regularly  descended."  Baines's 
Lancashire.  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men,  p.  116. 

HUM.     A  mispronunciation  of  Home. 

HUjMAN.  a  man  who  had  the  care  of 
ewes— Ewe-man.  Analogous  to  Tupman, 
one  Avho  took  charge  of  rams. 

HUjNIBERSTON.  Parishes  In  cos.  Lin- 
coln and  Leicester. 

HUjNIBLE.     Though  looking  like  a  moral 

characteristic,  this  appellation  is  doubtless 
derived  from  the  manor  of  AVcst  Humble  in 
the  parish  of  Mickleham,  co.  Surrey. 

HUMBLESTONE.  Humbleton,  a  parish 
in  Yorkshire,  or  perhaps  Humberston, 
which  sec, 

HUjMBY.     Places  in  Lincolnshire. 

HUME.  An  ancient  village  and  fortress 
in  Berwickshire.     The   Homes   or  Humes 


HUH 


166 


HUR 


were  descended  from  the  famous  earls  of 
Dunbar,  and  througli  them  from  Gospatrick, 
earl  of  Northumberland,  and  the  Saxon 
monarchs  of  England. 

HUMPHREY.  HUMPHRErS.  HUM- 
PHRIES.    The  personal  name. 

HUNCHBACK.  From  the  personal  de- 
formity of  the  first  bearer. 

HUNGER.     Perhaps  Ongar,  co.  Essex. 

HUNKES.  A  diminutive  of  Humphrey ; 
so  we  derive  Wilkes  from  William,  Jenks 
from  John,  &c. 

HUNN.  Grimm  traces  the  name  from  the 
Huns  of  antiquity.  The  name  Huua  ap- 
pears as  that  of  a  liberated  serf  in  a  charter 
of  manumission.  Cod.  Dipl.  971.  Ferguson. 
Le  Hunne.    H.R.,  co.  Kent. 

HUNNARD.  Probably  A-Sax.  Inmd,  a 
hound,  and  wcard,  a  keeper — a  huntsman  or 
dog-keeper. 

HUNNISETT.     See  Honeysett. 

HUNNYBUM.  A  ludicrous  corruption 
of  the  local  Honeybourne. 

HUNT.  Hunta,  A-Sax.,  a  hunter  ;  con- 
nected with  kund,  a  hound  or  dog.  See 
Hunter.  Le  Hunt  is  very  common  in  H.R, 
and  Huntemau  is  also  found  there. 

HUNTER.  Obviously  derived  from  the 
chase,  in  old  times  a  necessary  art,  as  well 
as  a  favourite  di^■ersiou.  The  Normans  were 
great  preservers  and  mighty  huuters  ofgame, 
and  though  the  name  is  A-Sax.  (hunta)  it 
is  generally  considered  that  the  families 
bearing  it  are  chiefly  of  Norman  origin. 
Under  the  Norman  and  early  Scottish 
kings  the  office  of  king's  hunter  (  Venator 
Regis)  was  one  of  considerable  dignity. 
"  The  huuters  of  Polmood  in  Tweedsmuir 
pretend  to  have  had  a  charter  of  their  lands 
from  Graeme,  who  broke  through  the  Wall 
of  Antoninus  in  the  V.  cent !  Folks  of 
Shields. 

HUNTINGDON.  The  chief  town  of 
Huntingdonshire. 

HUNTINGTON.  Parishes  and  places 
in  cos.  Hereford,  Cheshire,  Stafford,  and 
York.  The  late  William  Huntington  (who 
"wore  a  collar  of  SS  of  his  owu  fabrication, 
See  Punch,  Sept.  17,  1859.,)  was  Hnnt,  by 
birth,  and  adopted  the  final  and  penult 
syllables  on  arriving  at  manhood. 

HUNTLEY.    A  parish  in  co.  Gloucester. 

HUNTSMAN.     Sec  Hunter. 

HUN^^TCK.     A  township  in  Durham. 

HURDIS.  In  the  Prompt  orium  Parvu- 
lorum  we  Bnd  Ilindi/ce  defined  as  'utensile,' 
and  'supellex,'  and  /u/st>/lmenf  given  as  its 
synonym.  Now  hustylment  or  hustelmeut 
is  used  in  Wickliffe's  version  of  the  Bible 
as  a  rendering  of  the  Vulgate  vtcnsilia,  and 
Mr.  Way  proves  from  several  medieval 
authorities  that  it  oi'dinarily  meant  move- 
aliles,  household-furniture,  or  implements; 
but  in  "  Coer-de-Lion  "  and  other  works, 
Jmrdys  clearly  signify  barricades,  palisades, 


or  large  shields  called  ^ai'fses.  See  Way's 
Prompt.  Parv.  The  low-Latin  Imrdithis  or 
hmrlitlvm  means  the  hurdles  (crates)  em- 
ployed in  ancient  warfare — the  hurdles  or 
mat-Avork  which  covered  the  walls  of  towns 
("  crates  qua3  obducuut  urbium  muris" — ■ 
Vossius)  during  a  siege,  to  resist  the  bat- 
tering-ram, as  seen  in  ancient  pictures. 
The  surname  may  have  been  metaphorically 
applied  to  some  gallant  defender  of  a  town 
or  fortress. 

HURLBAT.  Halliwell,  citing  Howell, 
defines  kurlehat  as  a  kind  of  dart,  which  is 
clearly  a  misapprehension.  I  find  the  word 
in  Boyer's  Eng. -French,  and  Ainsworth's 
Latin  Dictionaries.  The  latter  gives  it  as 
the  equivalent  of  the  classical  ccvstus,  and 
describes  it  as  "a  kind  of  club,  or  rather 
thong  of  leather,  having  j^lummets  of  lead 
fastened  to  it,  used  in  boxing."  But  there 
was  another  unplcment  of  sport  used  in  iho 
time  of  Elizabeth  for  the  game  of  '  hurling ' 
which  was  called  the  "  clubbe  or  hurle- 
batte."  For  a  description  of  hurling,  see 
Hone's  Strutt's  Sports  and  Pastimes,  pp. 
98-99.  This  surname,  like  Shakespeare, 
Wagstai][e,  &c.,  comes  from  some  feat  of 
strength  on  the  part  of  the  original  bearer. 
Johnson  gives  "Whirlbat,  anything 
moved  rapidly  round  to  give  a  blow,"  and 
adds,  "  It  is  frequently  used  by  the  poets  for 
the  ancient  casstus."  He  cites  L'Estrange, 
Creech,  and  Dryden,  for  the  use  of  the 
M'ord. 

The  uames  Rob.  Hurlebat,and  Thos.  Hurl- 
le-batte  occur  in  documents  15  Ric.  III. 
Notes  and  Queries,  Jan.  24,  1857. 

HURLER.  A  man  practised  in  the 
game  of  hurling  the  ball,  which  is  almost, 
if  not  quite,  peculiar  to  the  county  of  Corn- 
wall. For  a  particular  account  of  this  game, 
which  Strutt  derives  from  the  Roman  play 
with  the  liarjnxstum,  see  Cai'cw's  Sun^ey  of 
Cornwall,  Book  i.  p.  73. 

"  In  tlie  month  of  August,  1G57,  a  strange  appari- 
tion of  innumerable  persons  in  wliite  apparel,  and  in 
the  act  of  hurUnri,  was  seen  in  that  county,  by  many, 
in  a  field  of  standing  corn,  near  Boscastle,  which  after 
some  time  vanished  into  the  sea.  Some  of  the  spec- 
tators going  afterwards  into  tlie  field,  found,  contrary 
to  tlieir  expectation,  that  the  corn  was  no  ways  in- 
jm-ed."     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall,  i.  18. 

HURLEY.     A  parish  in  Berkshire. 

HURLOCK.     The  same  as  Horlock. 

HURLSTONE.  Hurlston,  a  township 
in  Cheshire. 

HURRER.  A  dealer  in  hats  and  caps. 
Notes  and  Queries,  v.  137.  The  Hurrcrs' 
Company  in  London  formerly  comprised 
the  cappers,  hatmakers,  and  haberdashers. 

HURST.  Parishes  and  places  in  Sussex, 
Berks,  Kent,  Hampshire,  Northumberland, 
York,  and  many  other  counties. 

l@f  HURST.  A-Sax.  hjrsf,  a  wood  or 
forest--whence  numerous  names  of  ijlaces 
which  have  liecome  surnames,  as  Ake- 
hurst,  Brinkliurst,  Crowhurst,  Dighurst, 
Elmlnn-st.  The  termination  is  princi- 
pally found   in  the  South-eastern  coun- 


IBS 

ties,  where  it  indicates  the  fomier  exis- 
tence of  the  great  Sylya  Aaderida,  or 
Forest  of  Andred. 

HUSBAJN^D.  Not  simply  a  married  man 
O'larifus),  but  anyone  entrusted  with  the 
higher  domestic  duties  or  functions.  In 
medieval  documents  the  surname  is  written 
Le  Husbande. 

HUSEY.     See  Hussey. 

IIUSHER.  Fr.  huissie?;  an  usher,  or 
subordinate  official  of  a  court. 

HUSKISSON.  A  corruption  of  Hodg- 
kinson,  the  son  of  Hodgkin  or  Hugh. 

HUSON".  A  contraction  of  Ilughson — 
the  son  of  Hugh. 
HUSSEY.  According  to  Stapleton's 
Eotuli  Scaccarii  Normannia3,  Osbertde  H., 
wlio  was  living  in  1180,  was  so  named  from 
le  Hozu,  a  fief  in  the  parish  of  Grand  Que- 
villy  near  Rouen.  And  one  Henry  de  la 
Hosse  or  Heuze  held,  inter  alias,  the  lands 
of  Hosse.  Ibid.  "Will,  de  Hosa  occurs  as 
witness  to  a  deed  of  King  Stephen  soon 
after  his  accession.  Ibid.  In  an  old  ac- 
count of  the  Hussey  family,  the  name  is  said 
to  be  "  quasi  de  Hosa — from  a  boot  or 
buskin,"  and  the  crest  borne  was  a  boot. 
Inf.  Edw.  Hussey,  Esq.,  M.A.  The  ordinary 
latinization  is  Hosatus, 'hosed  or  booted,' 
but  this  is  mercl}'  a  pun,  for  the  head  of 
the  family,  who  in  the  XII.  cent,  founded 
the  abbey  of  Durford,  co.  Sussex,  was 
otherwise  written  Dc  Hoesc — a  plain  proof 
that  the  name  was  of  local  origin. 

There  is  another  locality  now  spelt  Heusse 
in  the  department  of  La  Manche. 

HUSSON.     The  same  as  Huson — the  son 
of  Hugh. 

HUSTLER.     Perliaps    a  corruption   of 
hosteler,  an  innkeeper. 

HUSTWITT.      A  parish  in  Yorkshire 
called  Husthwaite  is  locally  so  pronounced. 


JC7 


IDL 


HUTCHESON-.     See  Hutchison. 

HUTCHINS.  HUTCHINGS.  Northern 
diminutives  of  Hugh. 

HUTCHINSON.  See  Hutchison.  In 
England  and  Ireland  this  is  the  more  fre- 
quent orthography.  In  the  N.  of  England 
the  name  appears  (but  erroneously)  to  be 
regarded  as  a  corruption  of  Richardson. 
Folks  of  Shields,  p.  37. 

HUTCHISON.  Said  to  lie  Gaelic  with 
an  English  termination.   The  son  of  Hugh. 

HUTHAVAITE.  Probably  Husthwaite, 
a  parish  in  Yorkshii-e. 

HUTSON.     As  Hudson. 

HUTT.  From  residence  in  a  hut — ana- 
logous to  Cote. 

IIUTTON.  Twenty-six  parishes  and 
townships  in  different  counties  bear  this 
name. 

HUXHAM.     A  jjlace  in  Devonsliire. 

HUXLEY.     A  township  in  Cheshire. 

HYDE.  See  Hide.  "  Ahide(A-Sax.  %rf) 
of  land  was  about  120  acres  ;  also  as  much 
land  as  could  be  tilled  with  one  plough,  or 
would  support  one  family ;  a  family  pos- 
session." Bosworth.  Sometimes  a  specific 
locality  bears  this  name.  Atte  Hide. 
H.R. 

HYDER.  Under  the  feudal  system,  the 
tenant  of  a  hide  of  laud  (see  Hyde)  was 
called  a  hidarius — whence  Hyder.  See 
Hale's  St.  Paul's  Domesda}-,  p.  xxv.  Some- 
times it  may  be  equivalent  to  Skinner. 

IIYKE.     The  same  as  Hick. 

HYLTON.     See  Hilton. 

HYNDMAN.     See  Hindraan. 


I. 


IbBET.     See  Ilbert. 

H3BETS0N.    The  son  of  Ibbet  ov  Ilbert. 
An  ancient  family  in  Yorkshire. 

IBBOTSON.     See  Ilbert. 

IBBS.     See  Ilbert. 

IBERSON.     See  Ilbert. 

IBISON.     See  Ilbert. 

IBITT.     See  Ilbert. 

IBSON.     See  Ilbert. 


ICEMONGER.     An  Iroiimougei-- 
A-Sax.  isen,  iron,  and  monger. 

IDDENDEN.     See  den. 


-from 


IDE.  Possibly  Hide,  witli  the  initial 
letter  supjDressed.  Iclo  was  however  an  A- 
Sax.,  and  is  to  this  day  a  Frisian,  proper 
name. 

IDEN.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

IDESON.     The  son  of  Ide,  which  see. 

IDLE.     A  chapelry  in  the  parish  of  CiJ- 


ING 


168 


ING 


verley,  co.  York ;  also  a  river  of  Nottiug- 
hamsliire. 

IFE.     The  same  as  Ive. 

IFILL.     Perhaps  a  corruption  of  I  Held, 

CO.  Sussex. 
IG  GULDEN        IGGLESDEN.       See 

DEN.     In  XIV.  cent,  documents  it  is  si^elt 

Iggulenden. 

ILBERT.  Though  this  baptismal  appel- 
lation rarely  appears  as  a  surname  in  its 
proper  form,  it  has  given  rise  to  the  follow- 
iug  : — Ibbet,  Ibbitt,  Iberson,  Ibbetson,  Ib- 
botson,  Ibbs,  Ibison,  Ibson,  &c. 

ILBERY.  Hilbury,  a  place  in  the  hun- 
dred of  Worrall,  co.  Chester. 

ILDERTON.     A  parish  in  Northumber- 
land.   - 
ILES.     Probably  the  same  as  L'Isle. 

ILIFF.  ILIFFE.  Probably  the  same 
as  Ayloif. 

ILLINGWOPtTH.  A  chapelry  in  York- 
shire. 

ILLMAN.     The  same  as  Hilhnan. 

ILL  YARD,     The  same  as  Hilliard. 

ILOTT.     The  same  as  Aylott. 

IMPEY.  This  name  is,  or  has  been, 
numerous  in  cos.  Bucks,  Surrey,  and  Essex, 
in  which  last  county  stands  Impey  Hall. 
See  Moraut's  Essex. 

INGE.  Places  in  cos.  Chester  and  Lan- 
caster. 

INCH.  Several  parishes  and  places  in 
Scotland.  Inch  is  a  topographical  expres- 
sion signifying  island.  It  has  been  derived 
from  the  British  ynys,  and  the  Gaelic  inis 
— insula.  "The  word  is  said  to  occur  with 
the  same  signification  in  some  of  the  abori- 
ginal languages  of  North  America."  Gaz. 
Scot!.  But  it  sometimes  denotes  level 
ground  contiguous  to  a  river. 

INCHBALD.     The  same  as  luchbold. 

INCHBOLD.  Local ;  from  inch,  island, 
and  iold,  a  dwelling :  "  the  island  home." 

{(^°  ING.    A  very  common  termination  of 
local   surnames,  for  an  explanation  of 
which  see  Preliminary  Dissertation.     In 
]\Ir.  Clark's    "  Surnames  metrically  Ar- 
ranged and  Classified,"  we  have  the  fol- 
lowing curious  list  with  this  termina- 
tion, nearly  eveiy  one  of  whicli,  though 
of   local   origin,  loolis  like  the  active 
participle  of  some  well-known  verb. 
"Thus,  then,  we"ve  Standing,  Rising,  Falling, 
Curling,  Cupping,  Gumming,  Calling; 
Budding,  Browning,  Bedding,  Baring, 
Watering,  Weeding,  "WHiiting,  AVaring ; 
Codling,  Culling,  Ayling,  Catchuag, 
Peeling,  Paring,  Painting,  Patching  ; 
Stradliug,  Suckling,  Swadling,  Spending, 
Living,  Loving,  Larking,  Lending ; 
Fielding,  Farming,  Harrowing,  Tilling, 
Bidding,  Bending,  Banning,  Billing ; 
Bowling,  Bidding,  Banking,  Bunuiug, 
Going,  Laming,  Keening,  DuuuLng; 


l\Iaking,  Marking,  Manning,  Moulding, 
Spilling,  Sprawling,  Schooling,  Scolding; 
Heading,  Harding,  Hawking,  Hopping, 
Shearing,  Spearing,  Chipping,  Chopping ; 
Riding,  Walking,  Fanning,  Reading, 
Conning,  Spiking,  Shipping,  Speeding; 
Hemming,  Pulling,  Holding,  Cutting, 
Seeking,  Tapj^ing,  Goring,  Nutting  ; 
Twining,  Pinching,  Gambling,  Hitching, 
Heeding,  Learning,  Picking,  Twitching ; 
Angling,  Josling,  Rounding,  Skipping, 
Twilling,  Topping,  Tapping,  Tipping." 

INGE.  Has  been  derived  from  the  A- 
Sax.  ing,  a  meadow.  It  is  however  far 
more  probably  a  Scandinavian  personal 
name.  Inge,  the  son  of  Harald,  was  a  dis- 
tinguished king  of  Norway,  in  the  XII. 
cent.  Hence  probably  the  local  designation 
Ingham. 

INGHAM.  Parishes  in  cos.  Lincoln, 
Norfolk,  and  Suffolk.     See  Inge. 

INGILBY.  There  are  several  places  in 
Yorkshire  called  Ingleby,  and  in  that  co., 
at  Ripley  Castle,  the  baronet's  ancestors 
have  been  resident  from  the  XIV.  century. 
Courthope's  Debrett. 

INGLEDEW.  TheuaraeofAngeltheow 
occurs  in  the  genealogies  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  kings,  as  fourth  in  descent  from 
Woden.  See  Sax.  Chron.  A.D.  626  and 
755.  "A  Wodeno  originem  ducebat  Angel- 
theawus."  But  I  have  not  met  with  it 
elsewhere  in  Anglo-Saxon  history.  It  is 
probable  however  that  Ingledew,  Engledue, 
and  Eugledow,  as  family  names,  are  modern 
forms  of  it. 

INGLIS.  The  old  Scottish  form  of 
'  English,'  formerly  api:)lied  to  the  descend- 
ants of  Englislmaeu  settled  in  Scotland, 
especially  of  prisoners  taken  by  Malcolm 
III.  from  the  northern  counties  in  1070. 
For  years  after  that  date,  we  are  told,  Eng- 
lish servants  or  slaves  were  to  be  found  in 
every  village,  and  almost  in  every  house. 
Singularly  enough,  the  baronet  familj'', 
though  of  Scottish  origin,  deduce  from 
William  Inglis,  who  had,  in  1395,  a  grant 
of  lands  and  this  surname  from  Robert  III., 
for  killing  an  Englishman  on  the  borders — 
Anglus  ah  Anylum  occidciido  ;  truly  as  odd 
an  origin  as  surname  ever  had  ! 

INGOLD.      INGilLL.      INGLE.      A 

Scandinavian  personal  name,  retained  in  the 
desigTiations  of  Ingleby,  Inglesham,  Ingle- 
ton,  Ingoldsthorpe,  Ingoldsby,  and  other 
parishes  and  places,  lying  chiefly  in  what 
are  called  the  Danish  counties.  The 
Domesday  form  is  Ingaldus. 

INGOLDBY.     See  Ingoldsby. 

INGOLDSBY.  A  parish  in  Lincoln- 
shire, of  which,  in  1230,  Sir  Roger  de  In- 
goldsby, the  founderof  the  family,  was  lord. 
Courthope's  Debrett. 

INGPEN.     The  same  as  Inkpen. 

INGRAjNI.  Latinized  Ingelramus — an 
ancient  personal  name.  It  occurs  in  tlie 
various  forms  of  Ingelram,  lugerham,  &c. 


IPR 


169 


ISA 


There  is  also  a  parish  in  Northumberland 
called  Ingram. 

INGREY,    Probably  Ingrave,  co.  Essex. 

INKPEN.  A  parish  near  Hungcrford, 
CO.  Berks.  "  The  manor  was  licld  at  an 
earlj'  period,  under  the  baronial  family  of 
Somerj',  bj'  the  Inlcpens,  who  took  their 
name  from  the  village."  Escheats  Edw.  I. 
and  II.  Lysons's  Berkshire,  p.  304, 

INKSON.  Ferguson  derives  it  from  a 
very  early  Teutonic  name,  lugo,  or  Inge. 
See  Inge. 

INMAjST.  Inn-man,  inn-keeper.  Not 
perhaps  equivalent  to  Taverner,  but  tlio 
person  who  had  the  charge  of  the  "  inn  " 
or  town-house  of  a  nobleman. 

INNES.  An  estate  In  the  parish  of 
Urquhart,  co.  Sloray.  The  first  possessor 
who  assumed  the  name  was  Walter  de 
Innes,  who  died  in  the  reign  of  king  Alex- 
ander II, 

INNOCENT,  A  personal  name,  whicli 
has  been  Ijorue  by  several  Popes. 

INSECTS  and  REPTILES.  Several 
surnames  are  identical  in  orthography 
with  the  names  of  Insects  and  Peptiles. 
We  must  again  invoke  the  aid  of  Mr. 
Clark. 

"  Tlie  Beetle,  Buttei-fly,  and  Bee, 
The  Emmet,  Crickett,  and  the  Flea  ; 
Tlie  Jloth,  Mite,  JIap-got,  and  the  Slugg, 
The  Gi-ubb,  AVasp,  Spider,  and  the  Bugg ; 
The  Turtle,  Frog,  Blackadder,  Leech, 
With'Ncwte  and  Worms — these  all  and  each. 
Together  with  the  Summerbee, 
Give  many  of  the  names  we  see." 

Surnames  Metrically  Arranged,  p.  30. 

Of  these,  B\itterfly,Wasp,Frog,andperhaps 
one  or  two  others,  may  have  been  imposed 
as  sobriquets ;  the  rest  are  mostly  traceable 
to  other  sources ;  for  example,  Beetle  is 
Beadle  or  Bedel;  Crickett  is  a  place  in 
Somersetshire  ;  Maggott  is  a  '  nursename ' 
or  diminutive  of  Margaret;  Blackadder  is 
corrupted  from  the  name  of  a  river  ;  Leech 
is  the  Old  English  for  surgeon  ;  Bee  is  hy, 
the  Danish  for  a  habitation,  and  Summerbee 
has  relation  neither  to  the  season  of  ilowers 
nor  to  the  insect  that  gathers  its  stores 
from  them,  but  is  a  corruption  of  Somerby, 
a  local  name. 

INSKIP.     A  township   in  the  parish  of 

St.  Michael,  co.  Lancaster,  seven  or  eight 
miles  from  Preston. 

INSOLL.  ]\Tay  possibly  be  derived  from 
the  German  inscl,  an  island, 

INVERARITY.  A  parish  In  Forlar- 
shire. 

INWARD,  Qy,  :  Inn-ward,  the  keeper 
of  an  inn  ?  '  Inward '  is  however  an  ar- 
chaism imi^lying  familiar,  intimate  ;  and  to 
this  day  in  Suffolk  '  iuward-maid '  means  a 
house-maid.     Halliwell. 

INWOOD.  Intwood,  a  parish  in  Nor- 
folk. 

IPRES.  Ypres,  a  town  In  Flanders.  De 
Ipre.    H.R. 


IRBY,  Places  in  cos,  Cumberland 
Lincoln,  and  Chester. 

IRELAND,  A  native  of  that  country — 
an  Irishman, 

IREMONGER,  Not  a  dealer  in  wrath, 
but  a  corruption  of  Ironmonger,  Le  Irmon- 
gere.  II.  R. 

IRETON,  A  parish  in  Derbyshire,  which 
belonged  to  tlie  family  temp.  Richard  Coeur- 
de-Lion.  Henry,  brother  of  Sewallis,  lord 
of  Eatington,  co.  Warwick,  ancestor  of  the 
noble  family  of  Shirley,  had  a  son  Fulcher 
de  Ireton,  lord  of  Ireton,  direct  ancestor  of 
Henry  Ireton,  the  son-in-law  of  Oliver 
Cromwell,  whose  father  alienated  Ireton  in 
the  reign  of  Elizabeth, 

IRISH,     A  native  of  Ireland, 

IRON.  IRONS.  Possibly  from  Airan, 
a  village  near  Caen  in  Normandy, 

IRONMAN.  The  name  Isanman,  which 
has  the  same  meaning,  is  found  in  Ger- 
many in  the  IX,  cent.  Ferguson.  See 
Isnard. 

IRONJMONGER,  The  trade.  It  Is 
sometimes  written  Iremonger,  and  Ise- 
monger  or  Icemonger,  The  latter  form  is 
fromA-Sax.  isen,  ii'on. 

IRONPURSE.  Several  Individuals  bore 
this  surname  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I. 
Ircnpurs,  Irenpurse,  &c,    H.R. 

IRONSIDE.  A  title  of  valour,  well- 
known  amongst  us,  from  the  days  of  the 
Saxon  Edward,  to  those  of  Cromwell's 
'  Ironsides,'  and  since,  whenever  we  speak 
of  a  robust  person.  Berry  attributes  five 
coats  to  this  surname, 

IRTON,  "  A  family  of  very  great  anti- 
quity, and  resident  atlrton,  on  the  river  Irt 
(co.  Cumberland),  from  whence  the  name 
is  derived,  as  early  as  the  reign  of  Henry  I." 
Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men.  Samuel 
Irton,  Esq.,  of  Irton,  still  possesses  the 
manor  which  was  the  fief  of  his  ancestor 
more  than  seven  centuries  ago, 

IRVINE.  A  parish  and  a  river  of  Ayr- 
shire. The  family  were  of  long  standing  in 
the  S.  and  S.W.  of  Scotland,  but  the  des- 
cendants of  William  de  I.,  of  Drum,  co. 
Aberdeen,  have  been  seated  upon  that 
estate  ever  since  the  days  of  king  Robert 
Bruce,  whose  armour-bearer  he  was,  and 
who  gave  him  the  lands.  The  name  has 
been  written  Irwin,  Ii'wyn,  Irvin,  &c.,  but 
Irving  is  a  distinct  name, 

IRVING.  An  ancient  parish  In  Dum- 
friesshire. 

IRWIN,  The  Irish  form  of  Irvine.  The 
singular  Christian  name  Crinus,  which  pre- 
vails in  the  family  of  I.  of  Tauragoe,  co, 
Sligo,  is  traditionally  derived  from  Kryuin 
Abethnaj,  the  second  husband  of  the  mother 
of  Duncan,  King  of  Scotland. 

ISAAC.  This,  as  a  baptismal  name,  was 
introduced  about  the  time  of  the  Conquest. 
One  Isac  appears  as  a  chief  tenant  in 
Domesd.    A  few  centuries  later  it  was  com- 


I V  0  170 


monly  'nicked'  to  Hyke,  Hicque,  &o.  Ulti- 
mately it  gave  rise  to  the  various  surnames  of 
Isaacs,  Isacke,  Isaacson,  Hike,  Hick,  Hicks, 
Eickes,  Higgs,  Higgins,  Higginson,  Hick- 
son,  Higson,  Hixon,  Hiscock,  Hiscocks, 
Hickox,  Hickie,  and  Hickey. 

ISAACS.     See  Isaac. 

ISAACSON.    See  Isaac. 

ISACKE.     See  Isaac. 

ISBELL.  In  H.R.  Isabel.  See  Female 
Christian  Names. 

ISELTON.  Properly  Iseldon,  the  an- 
cient name  of  Islington,  near  Loudon. 

ISHAM.  A  place  in  the  hundred  of 
Orlingbui-y,  co.  Northampton,  -where  an 
elder  branch  of  the  existing  family,  Isham 
of  Lamport,  were  seated  soon  after  the  Con- 
quest.    Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

ISLIP.  Parishes  in  cos.  Oxford  and 
Northampton. 

ISNARD.  The  name  Isanhard  occm-s  in 
the  0.  Gcnnan  of  the  VIII.  cent,  and  means 
"iron-hard,"  or,  as  Ave  should  say,  "as 
tough  as  iron." 

ISON.    Seelve. 

ISRAEL.  A  common  Jewish  surname, 
from  the  personal  designation. 

ISTED.  Probably  of  local  English  origin 
— Highstead,  "  the  lofty  situation."  The 
family  have,  however,  a  tradition  of  a  deri- 
A^ation  "fi'om  Eysted,  a  large  maritime  town 
in  the  province  of  Schonen,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Sweden."  It  is  conjectured  that  they 
settled  at  Framfield,  co.  Sussex,  temp. 
Edward  III.     B.L.G. 

ITCHmGFIELD,      A  p.arish  in  Sussex. 

IVATTS.  See  Ive.  A  Job.  fil'Ivette 
is  found  in  H.E. 

IVE.  This  name  with  some  variations 
of  orthography  seems  to  have  existed  in 
several  countries.  The  town  of  St.  Ives 
in  Cornwall  was  designated  after  Iva,  an 
Irish  saint,  and  that  of  St.  Ives  in  Huuting- 

'  donshire  after  St.  Ivo,  a  Persian  archbishop. 
Ive  was  also  an  A-Sax.  personal  name,  and 
Ivo  Avas  the  Noiinau  form.  The  surnames 
Ives,  Iveson,  Ivison,  Ison,  and  perhaps 
Ivett  and  Ivatts,  are  derivatives. 

RHiiRSON.     The  same  as  Iveson. 

IVES.  IVESON.  Sec  Ive.  According 
to  the  '  Folks  of  Shields,'  Ives  or  Iveson 
means  Filius  Judai,  son  of  the  Jew.  Filius 
Ivonis.     H.R. 

WETT.     See  Ive  and  Ivatts. 

IVIMEY.     See  under  Ivy. 

IVINS.     IVENS.     Corruptions  of  Evans. 

IVISON.     See  Ive. 

IVORY.  "  The  family  De  Ivery  were 
descended  from  Rodolph,  half-brother  to 
Richard  the  first,  duke  of  Normandy,  who 
for  killing  a  monstrous  boar,  wliile  hunting 
with  the  Duke,  was  rewarded  with  tlie 
castle  of  Ivery,  oi>  the   liver  I'Evre,   and 


JAC 

from  thence  entitled  Comes  de  Iberio." 
Dunkin's  Oxfordshire,  1.  22.  John  de  Ivery 
obtained  the  manor  of  Ambrosden,  co. 
Oxon,  in  1077,  and  Hugh  de  Ivri  occurs  as 
its  lord  in  Domesday  Book. 

IVY.  May  be  the  same  as  Ive,  or  a  de- 
rivative of  it ;  but  there  was  a  favourite 
character  in  the  old  Christmas  games  called 
Ivy,  whose  antagonist  was  Holly  ;  and  the 
frolics  of  the  i/f'%-i?fly  and  the  Ivy- Girl 
were  maintained  in  Kent  (but  on  St.  Valen- 
tine's day)  till  towards  the  close  of  the  eigh- 
teenth cent.  Gent.  Mag.  1779.  Seethe  song  of 
the  "  Holly  and  Ivy"  quoted  in  Hone's  Myste- 
ries, p.  94,  where  Ivy  is  made  to  be  of  the 
feminine  gender : 

"  IIoLT  tind  Ins  mery  men,  they  da-«Tisyn  and  they 
syng  ; 

ivT  and  hur  maydjTis,  they  wepen  and  they 
wjmg." 

The  singular  name  Ivymey,  Ivuney,  sig- 
nifying ivy-maiden,  Mr.  Ferguson  thinks 
may  be  from  this  source.  The  only  diffi- 
culty is  to  account  for  such  designations 
having  become  transmissible  ;  but  see  Art, 
Female  Christian  Names,  in  this  Dictionary. 
Ivyleaf  may  also  belong  to  this  class. 

IVYLEAF.     See  under  Ivy. 

IVYMEY.     See  under  Ivy. 

IZARD.     IZATT.    IZOD.     IZZARD. 

Of  these  names,  probably  of  common  origin, 
I  can  give  no  account.  Burke,  speaking  of 
Izod  of  Cliapcl-Izod,  says :  "  The  name  ap- 
pears to  be  an  old  Irish  one."     B.L.G. 

IZATSON.  A  corruption  of  Isaacson. 
See  Eug.  Surn.,  ii.,  42. 

JACK.  A  nickname  which  has,  like 
many  others,  become  a  surname.  With 
respect  to  this  appellation,  it  is  curious  that 
meaning,  as  it  originally  did,  James,  from 
the  French  Jacques,  and  Latin  Jacobus,  it 
should  have  come  to  be  considered  as  a  sy- 
nonym of  John.  It  was  usually  applied  in  a 
contemptuous  way,  as  in  Jackanapes,  Jack- 
pudding,  Jack-a-dandy,  Jack-at-a-pinch, 
Jack-in-oliice,  &c. 

After  writing  the  above,  I  met  with  the 
following  passage,  which  rather  militates 
against,  though  it  does  not  disprove,  my 
assertion,  that  Jack  was  originally  Jacques 
or  James,  and  not  .John.  "I  know  not  how 
it  has  happened,  that  in  the  principal  mo- 
dern languages,  John,  or  its  equivalent,  is  a 
name  of  contempt,  or  at  least  of  slight.  So 
the  Italians  use  6??rtH?n',  from  whence  .Zawi; 
the  Spaniards  Jrian,  as  Boho-Juan  or  foolish 
John  ;  the  French  Jean,  with  various  addi- 
ti07is ;  and  in  English  when  we  call  a  man 
a  John,  we  do  not  mean  it  as  a  title  of 
honour.  Cliaucer  uses  Jache  fool,  as  the 
Spaniards  do  Boio  Juan;  and  I  suppose 
Jnck-ass  has  the  same  etymology."  Tyr- 
whitt's  Chaucer,  note  on  v.  14,816.  Seem 
Thomson's  Etymons,  and  Halliwell's 
Diet,  a  great  number  of  uses  to  which  the 
word  Jack  is  applied. 

JACKLIN.     Fr.  Jacquelin,  a  diminutive 

of  James. 


JAN 


171 


JEF 


JACKMAN".  A  jack  was  a  coat  of  mail, 
or  rather  a  stout  leather  jerkin  -worii  by 
soldiers,  whence  our  diminutive,  jaclict. 
The  wearer  of  such  a  garnieut  would  natu- 
rally be  called  a  Jackmau. 

JACKS.      The    genitive  form   of  Jack, 

JACKSON.  The  son  of  John,  or  more 
proijerly  of  James  (Jacques).  See  Jack. 
The  Loud.  Direct,  has  nearly  200  traders  of 
this  name, 

JACOB.  JACOBS,  The  first  occurrence 
of  this  baptismal  name  in  England,  is  I 
think  in  Domesday.  It  is  now  very  com- 
mon as  a  surname,  especially  in  Jewish 
families. 

JACOBSON.    See  Jacob. 

JAFPRAY,  The  same  as  Geoffrey  or 
Jeflery. 

JAGGER,  JAGGERS.  A  north-coun- 
try word  for  a  man  who  works  draught 
horses  for  hire.     Halliw. 

JAGO.  "  As  for  the  name  Jago,  wlietlier 
it  be  derived  from  the  Celtish-British  lago, 
and  signifies  .James,  or  from  ijago  or  jago^  a 
spear,  or  military  tuck,  I  determine  not,  or 
from  gages  and  pledges  for  battle  ;  however, 
this  uame  was  of  ancient  use  in  Britain  ; 
for  Galfridus  Monmuthensis  tells  us  of  a 
king  named  Jago,  before  Julius  Cassar 
landed  in  Britain,  that  reigned  twenty-five 
3'ears,  .and  lies  buried  at  York."  Hals,  in 
Davies  Gilbert's  Cornwall,  i.,  397.  The  de- 
rivation from  lago,  James  (rather  Spanish, 
however,  than  Celtic);  is  probably  the  cor- 
rect one. 

JiVKEMAN.     See  Jackman. 

JAMES.  The  first  appearance  of  this 
Christian  name  in  our  annals  is  in  Domes- 
day. It  afterwards  became  a  common  sur- 
name, besides  giving  rise  to  Jameson, 
Jamieson,  Jempson,  Jemmett.  and  probably 
through  its  French  form,  Jacques,  to  Jeakes, 
Jacklin,  and  the  widely-spread  Jackson ; 
tliough  John,  through  its  accepted  nick- 
name Jack,  may  have  an  equal  claim  to 
that  familiar  patronymic. 

The  baronets  of  this  family,  extinct  in 
1741,  originally  bore  the  nameoflltestrecht, 
the  designation  of  their  ancient  lordship 
near  Utrecht,  in  Holland.  Eoger  son  of 
Jacob  van  Hsstrecht  came  hither  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  and  being  known  after 
the  Dutch  manner  by  the  name  of  Eoger 
Jacob,  that  name  finally  settled  into  its 
equivalent  James,  and  he  and  his  posterity 
were  afterwards  always  so  called.  See 
Burke's  Ext.  Barts. 

A  very  ancient  family  of  James  of  Paut- 
saison,  co.  Pembroke,  have  a  tradition  that 
that  estate  was  owned  b^^  thirteen  WiUiam 
Jameses  in  succession.     B.L.G, 

JAINCESON.     See  James. 

JAMIESON.  The  Scottish  form  of 
Jameson. 

JANE.  See  Femaj^e  Christian  Names. 
It  ma)'',  however,  be  a  corruption  of  the  Fr. 
Jean,  John. 


JANES,     See  John. 

JANEWAY,         JANNAWAY.         A 

Genoese.       Sec  curious  anecdote  in  Eng. 
Surn.,  i.,  53. 

JANNINGS.  A  more  correct  spelling 
than  Jennings.     See  John. 

JANSON.     See  John,  and  Janssen. 

JANSSEN.  Originally  from  G uelderland. 
The  head  of  the  family  was  the  Baron  de 
Heez,  one  of  the  Protestant  leaders  against 
the  Inquisition  andthe  tyranny  of  the  Duke 
of  Alva;  he  unfortunately  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  Duke  of  Parma,  and  lost  his 
estate  and  his  life.  On  the  dispersion  of 
his  family,  his  youngest  son  took  refuge  in 
France,  and  settled  at  Angouleme,  where  he 
lived  to  a  very  advanced  age,  leaving  "a 
great  estate  and  a  numerous  issue."  His 
grandson,  Theodore  Janssen,  removed  into 
England  in  1680,  and  was  subsequently 
created  a  baronet  by  George  I. 

JARDYNE.     See  Gardyne. 

JxVR:\rAN.  1,  Possibly  a  broad  pro- 
nunciation of  German.  2.  A  maker  of  jai's 
and  large  coarse  pottery. 

JARRARD,  A  broad  misprouunciatiou 
of  Gerard. 

JARRATT.  JARRETT.  JARRITT. 

Corruptions  of  Gerard  or  Gerald. 

JARROLD.  A  mispronunciation  of 
Gerald. 

JAR  VIE.   The  same  as  Jervis  or  Jarvis. 

JARVIS. 

Gervase. 


A    broad    pronunciation    of 


JASON.  Albeit  the  baronet  family  of 
this  name  (extinct  in  1788)  bore  in  their 
arms  "  a  golden  fleece,"  I  clo  not  think  they 
ever  proved  their  pedigree  from  the  leader 
of  the  Argonautaa.  It  is  far  more  probable 
that  they  were  only  Jamesons  with  the 
omission  of  a  couple  of  letters. 

JAY.  JAYE.  A  township  united  witli 
Heath,  in  the  parish  of  Leiutwardiue,  co. 
Hereford. 

JAY'NE.    See  Jane. 

JExVCOCK,  Probably  a  diminutive  of 
James,  Jcakins  seems  to  be  of  the  same 
origin,  and  both  proceed  from  "  Jeams," 
the  rustic  pronunciation  of  the  name. 

JEAFFRESON.     See  Jeffery. 

JEAKE.     JEAKES.     See  James. 

JEANES.  JEANS.  Probably  from  the 
Fr.  Jean,  John. 

JEARRAD,     A  corruption  of  Gerard, 

JEBB.  Apparently  an  old  personal  name, 
whence  the  patronymic  Jebson. 

JEBSON.     See  Jebb. 

JEFF.     JEFFS.     See  Jeffery. 

JEFFCOCK.     See  Jeffery. 

JEFFERIES,    See  Jeffery, 


JER 


172 


JOA 


JEFFRIES.     See  Jeffery. 

JEFFERSON,     See  Jeffery. 

JEFFERY.  JEFFERAY.  The  Teu- 
tonic personal  name  Godfridus,  whence  also 
Godfrey.  In  Domesday  the  ordinary  form 
is  Goisfridus.  From  it  we  get  the  modifi- 
cations and  derivatives,  Jefferson,  Jcaf- 
freson,  Jeffries,  Jeff  cries,  Jefferiss,  Jefl',  Jeffs, 
JeiAson,  Jepson,  Jeffcock,  Jefkins,  with 
minor  variations  of  spelling  too  numerous 
for  insertion. 

JEFFRISS.    See  Jeffery. 

JEFKINS.     See  Jeffery. 

JEGGINS.     A  corruption  of  Jenkins. 

JELL.     The  same  as  Gell. 

JELLICOE.  Forstmann  finds  the  per- 
sonal name  Geliko,  Jeliko,  in  the  O. 
German  of  the  X.  cent.     Ferguson. 

JELLIFF.     The  same  as  Joliffe. 

JELLY.  In  the  Scottish  dialect  jeZZy 
means  worthy,  upright.     Jamieson. 

JEMMETT.  A  diminutive  of  Jem  or 
James. 

JEMPSON.     See  James. 

JENDEN.     See  termination  den. 

JENKINS.     See  John. 

JENKINSON.     See  John. 

JENKS.     See  John. 

JENNER.  Pott,  in  his  "  Die  Personcn- 
uamen  insbesondere  die  Familiennameu," 
(Leipzig,  1853),  considers  this  name  a  cor- 
ruption of  the  classical  Januarius;  but  I 
think  the  medieval  giiwur,  a  craftsman, 
engineer,  or  clever  workman,  a  much  like- 
lier origin — a  man  of  genius  {Ingcnii)  in  any 
mechanical  business.  Waldinus  lugeuia- 
tor  (the  engineer)  occurs  in  the  Domesday 
of  Lincolnshire,  as  a  tenant  in  chief. 

JENNEY.  The  family  of  Jenney  of 
Bredfield,  CO.  Suffolk,  "  are  supposed  to  be  of 
French  extraction,  and  the  name  to  be  de- 
rived from  Guisnes  near  Calais.  The  first 
in  the  pedigree  is  Edward  Jenney,  grand- 
father of  John  Jenney,  who  died  in  14G0." 
Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men.  "The 
name  of  this  family  was  originally  spelt 
Gyney."     B.L.G. 

JENNINGS.     See  John, 

JENNISON.  The  son  of  Jane?  See 
Female  Ciiristiax  Names.  Tliis  family 
have  acquired,  in  co.  Durham,  the  character 
of  the  Jealous  Jennisons.     Denham. 

JENOURE.     The  same  as  Jenner. 

JENSON.     See  John. 

JEPHSON.     From  Geoffrey  or  Jeffery. 

JEPSON.     See  Jeffery. 

JERDAN.     JERDEIN.     See  Gardyne. 

JEREMY.  The  O.  Eng.  form  of  Jere- 
miah. 

JERKIN.     A  diminutive  of  Jeremiah. 


JERMAIN.  The  same  as  Germain  and 
German. 

JERMAN.     A  mis-speUing  of  German. 

JERMY.     Jeremy,  Jeremiah. 

JERMYN.  JERMIN.  The  same  as 
Germaiue. 

JERNEGAN.  An  old  personal  name  of 
Norman  introduction. 

JERNINGIIA]\I.  Lord  Stafford's  an- 
cestors wrote  themselves  Jernegan  till  the 
XVI.  cent.,  when  the  name  was  corrupted 
to  Jerningham.  "  The  first  that  I  meet 
with  of  this  family  was  called  Hugh,  with- 
out any  other  addition,  whose  son  was 
named  Jernegan  Fitz-Hugh,  or  the  son  of 
Hugh ;  he  is  mentioned  in  the  Castle- Acre 
priory  register,  and  he  died  about  1182." 
Kimber's  Baronetage.  His  successors  took 
the  baptismal  name  Jernegan  as  their  sur- 
name, and  continued  to  use  it  until  the 
period  above-named. 

JEROINIE.  JEROM.  The  personal 
name. 

JERRAD.     See  Gerard. 

JERRAM.     A  corruption  of  Jerome. 

JERRARD.     The  same  as  Gerard, 

JERISON.  May  be  either  the  same 
as  Gerisou,  or  the  son  of  Jerry,  that  is 
Jeremiah. 

JERROLD.     A  mis-spelling  of  Gerald. 

JERVIS.  The  ijersonal  name  Gervase, 
Gervasius. 

JERVOISE.     The  same  as  Jervis. 

JESSE.     JESSEY.     The  personal  name. 

JESSON.     Jesse's  son. 

JESSOP.  From  the  Italian  Giuseppe, 
Joseph  ? 

JEUNE.     Fr.  "  The  young." 

JEVINGTON.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

JEW.  Doubtless  from  the  nation  of  the 
primitive  bearer. 

JE'WELL.  Probably  a  corruption  of  the 
Fr.  Jules,  Julius. 

JEWSBURY.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Dewsbury. 

JEWSON.     The  son  of  a  Jew. 

JEWSTER.  Jouster  has  two  widely 
different  meanings  :  1.  One  who  takes  part 
in  a  tournament ;  and  2.  A  retailer  of  fish, 
Cornwall. 

JEX  Probably  from  Jacques,  Fr. 
James. 

JIFKINS.  Probably  a  duninutive  of 
Geoffrey,  or  of  Joseph. 

JINKINS.     See  Jenkins. 
JINKS.      An    abbreviation  of  Jenkins, 
Avhich  see. 

JOACHIJM.     The  personal  name. 


JOH 


173 


JON 


JOANES.     Sec  John. 

JOB.  The  personal  name,  wlicnce  also 
Jobson. 

JOBBESFS.  Perhaps  a  (Ihniuutlve  of 
Job. 

JOBLINGS.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Jublains,  a  town  iu  the  department  of  5Iay- 
enne  in  France. 

JOBSON.     See  Job. 

JOCELYN.  Lord  Rodeu's  family  are 
"  of  Norman  origin,  said  to  have  come  into 
England  with  William  the  Conqueror,  and 
to  have  been  seated  at  Sempringham,  co. 
Lincoln,  by  the  grant  of  that  monarch." 
Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

JODRELL.  The  family  are  traced  to  the 
Peak  of  Derbyshire  in  the  year  12SG,  and 
there  till  the  latter  end  of  the  XVIII.  cent. 
the  elder  line  continued.  William  Jaude- 
rell,  the  head  of  the  family,  temp.  Edward 
III.,  sei-ved  under  the  Black  Prince  in  the 
wars  with  France. 

JOEL.  The  personal  name,  common 
among  the  Jews. 

JOHN.  This  baptismal  name,  -which  is 
of  Norman  introduction,  has  rarely  passed 
into  a  surname.  The  Lond.  Direct,  for 
1852  affords  but  one  instance.  It  has  been, 
however,  the  source,  in  various  modified 
forms,  of  a  cousideral^le  number  of  names, 
some  of  which  are  amongst  the  most 
common  in  the  whole  circle  of  our  nomen- 
clature. Its  immediate  derivative,  John- 
son, and  its  Welsh  genitive  form,  Jones, 
substantiate  this  assertion  ;  but  we  have 
besides  Johns,  Johues,  Joanes,  Jobncock, 
Janson,  Jannings,  Jennings,  Jenks,  Jeukyn, 
Jenkins,  and  Jinkius,  Jenkinson,  and 
perhaps  Janes  and  Jenson.  The  Flemish 
nickname  Hans  from  Johannes,  seems  to 
be  the  root  of  Hanson,  Hancock,  &c.  Jack 
and  Jackson  might  seem  to  claim  the  same 
parentage,  but  I  think  there  is  more  reason 
for  affiliating  them  upon  James  (See  Jack). 

JOHN.     A  termination  of  several  sur- 
names, as 

Littlejohn, 

IMicklejohn, 

Upjohn, 

Prettyjohn, 

Applejohn, 

Properjohn,  and 

Brownjohn. 
Some  of  these,  as  Upjohn  and  Apple- 
John,  may  be  corruptions — the  rest 
seem  to  be  significant  and  descriptive. 
(Eng.  Surn.  i.  174.)  John  is  a  per- 
sonal name  so  common  throughout 
Christendom  that  some  prefix  by 
way  of  epithet  seems  occasionally  to 
have  been  necessary,  iu  order  to  dis- 
tinguish between  two  or  more  persons 
bearing  it ;  thus  the  French  have  their 
Grosjeans,  '  big  or  fat  Johns ;'  the  Dutch 
their  Gvooijans,  or 'bulky  Johns  ;'  the 
Italians  their  Giovanizzi,  or  '  handsome 
large  Johns;'  the  Highlanders  their 
Mac-Fachjcans,  the  sons  of 'long  John,' 


as  also  their  Mac-Ii'ors  or  sons  of  '  big 
John ;'  and  the  Lowland  Scotch  their 
Micltcjohns  or  '  large  stout  Johns.' 

In  the  H.R.  we  have  oneDuraund  Ic 
Bon  Johan — '  Durrant  the  Good-John  !' 

JOIINCOCK.     See  John. 

JOHNES.     See  John. 

JOHNS.    See  John. 

JOHNSON.  See  John.  The  Johnsons 
of  Ayscough-Fee,  co.  Lincoln,  claim  from 
the  house  of  Fitz-John  of  Normandy. 
Guillim's  Display  of  Herakby. 

JOHNSTON.  JOHNSTONE.  Post- 
towns  and  parishes  in  Dumfriesshire  and 
Eenfrewshire.  For  a  local  surname  this  is 
exceedingly  common,  there  being  between 
sixty  and  seventy  traders  bearing  it  in 
Lond.  Direct.  It  is  often  confounded  with 
Johnson. 

JOICE.     See  Joyce. 

JOLIFFE.  O.  Eng.joZi/,  Yv.joli,  which 
Cotgrave  defines  as  "jollie,  gay,  trim,  fine, 
gallant,  neat,  handsome,  well-fashioned — 
also  livelie,  merrie,  buxome,  jocund." 

JOLL.  A  nicked  form  of  Jolland. 
Camd. 

JOLLAND.  JOLLANDS.  Camden 
says  that  Jollan  is  a  corruption  of  Julian. 
In  the  H.R.  the  forms  of  the  name  are  Fil'- 
Jolani,  Fil'Jollani,  Jollayn,  and  Jolleyn. 

JOLLEY.     SeeJolliffe. 

JOLLY.      JOLLIE.      The     same     as 

Jolifle, 

JONAS.     The  personal  name. 

JONES.  A  genitive  form  of  John,  through 
Johnes,  common  everywhere  in  England, 
but  superabundant  in  Wales.  Next  to  John 
Smith,  John  Jones  is  probably  the  most 
common  combination  of  names  in  Britain. 
As  the  Eegistrar-general  well  observes, 
"the  name  of  John  Jones  is  in  Wales  a 
perpetual  incognito,  and  being  proclaimed 
at  the  cross  of  a  market-town  would  indi- 
cate no  one  in  particular."  From  the  able 
Pieport  of  the  same  functionary  (XVI.  1856) 
we  learn  that  Jones  is,  for  numerousness, 
second  only  to  Smith  ;  for  while  within  a 
given  period  the  nmnber  of  Smiths  regis- 
tered throughout  England,  as  born,  married, 
or  dead,  amounted  to  33,557,  the  Joneses  in 
like  circumstances  were  33,311 — a  singu- 
larly close  approximation.  Old  Daniel 
Fenuing,  the  author  of  the  immortal  phrase, 
"  Smith,  Jones,  Brown,  and  Eobinson," 
was  therefore  quite  right  as  to  the  order  of 
precedence  of  the  first  two  names,  though 
the  Reg.  Gen.  puts  Brown  sixth,  and  Eobin- 
son eleventh,  on  the  roll  of  common  sur- 
names. The  existing  number  of  Joneses 
is  estimated  at  51,000  families,  or  about  a 
quarter  of  a  million  of  individuals.  XVI. 
Report,  p.  xxii. 

The  commonness  of  some  surnames,  es- 
pecially the  Welsh,  renders  the  bearers 
of  them,  though  of  good  family,  undistin- 
guishable  from  the  njnoUh  vidgus.     Mr, 


JUD 


174 


JUT 


Edwards  may  be  of  as  ancient  blood  as  Mr. 
Neville,  aud  high-sounding  Mr.  St.  John 
is  after  all  inferior  in  antiquity  to  plain  Jlr. 
Jones.    For  example — 

Jones  of  Llanercbrugog  Hall,  Denbigli- 
shire,  descends  in  a  direct  line  from  Gwaith- 
voed,  lord  of  Cardigan  and  Gwent,  A.D. 
921,  and  represents  one  of  the  Fifteen 
Noble  Tribes  of  North  Wales. 

Jones  of  Trewytlien,  co.  Montgomery, 
derives  from  Cadwgan,  lord  of  Nannau,  son 
of  Bleddyn  ap  Cynfyn,  King  of  Powys. 

Jones  of  Hartsheath,  co.  Flint,  claims 
from  Cowryd  ap  C'advan,  a  chieftain  of 
DyffrjTi  Clwyd  in  Denbighland.     B.L.G. 

JONSON".     The  same  as  Johnson. 

JORDiVN".  JORDEN.  Not,  as  has 
been  fancifidlj^  conjectured,  from  the  river 
Jordan,  in  Crusading  times,  but  from  Jour- 
dain,  an  early  Norman  baptismal  name, 
probably  corrupted  from  the  Lat.  Hodier- 
nus,  wliich  was  a  not  uncommon  j^ersonal 
name  of  the  same  period.  It  may  bo  re- 
marked that  the  names  Jourdaiu  aud  Ho- 
dierua,  tlie  feminine  form,  occur  almost 
contempoi'aneousl)'  in  tlie  pedigree  of  Sack- 
ville.  Marin's  Dutch  Diet,  defines  Jordeu 
as  Gregory,  "  een  man's  naam,  Gregohe, 
uom  d'  homme." 

"  The  family  of  Jordan  is  of  Anglo-Nor- 
man origin.  Tlie  first  settler  in  "W^ales  was 
Jordan  de  Cautington,  one  of  the  com- 
panions of  Martin  de  Tours,  in  his  conquest 
of  Kemmes,  temp.  AVilliaml."     B.L.G. 

JORDESON.     The  son  of  Jordan,  which 

see. 

JOSELIN.     See  Joslin. 

JOSEPH.  JOSEPHS.  The  personal 
name.  A  common  surname  among  the 
Jews,  but  not  confined  to  that  nation. 

JOSKYN.     A  dlmhiutive  of  Joseph. 

JOSLIN.       JO  SLING.      JOSLAND. 

Corruptions  of  the  personal  name  Joscelyne. 

JOURDAN.  JOURD^UN.  See  Jor- 
dan. 

JOY.  Probably  from  one  of  the  several 
places  in  Normandy  called  Jouy ;  or  per- 
haps a  contraction  of  Joyce. 

JOYCE.  O.  Fr.  joijeux,  cheerful,  hilar- 
ious ;  answering  to  Gay,  Merry,  Lively,  &c. 

JOYNSON.     A  corruption  of  Johnson. 

JUBB.     Perhaps  a  corruption  of  Job. 

JTJDD.  Possibly  Jude,  the  Christian 
name.  The  Dutch  Jode,  a  Jew,  also  sug- 
gests itself;  and  if  this  be  so,  Judson  must 
be  equivalent  to  "Jew's  son,"  Judkin  to 
"  the  little  Jew,"  &c.  . 

JUDE.  This  now  unnsual  Christian 
name  was  more  common  in  old  times,  and 
possibly  gave  rise  to  Judd,  Judkin,  and 
Judson. 

JUDGE.  This  surname  can  hardly  have 
been  borrowed  from  the  office,  l.iecause  in 
this  country  judges  have  always  been  per- 
sons of  dignity  and  consideration.     It  may 


have  been   eitlier  a  sobriquet,  or  a  name 
given  to  an  umpire  in  some  medieval  game. 

JUDKINS.     See  Judd. 

JUDSON.  1.  See  Jude.  2.  See  Judd. 
Most  of  the  Judsons,  both  in  England 
and  America,  trace  their  origin  to  the 
neighbourliood  of  Leeds,  and  the  surname 
is  still  common  in  Yorkshire. 

JUGG.     Perhaps  the  sign  of  an  inn. 

JUGLER.  Does  not  imply  either  a 
shuffling,  dishonest  jierson,  or  one  skilled 
in  the  arts  of  legerdemain.  It  is  the  me- 
dieval Jo!/(7efo;/r,  a  minstrel,  one  who  could 
play  or  sing,  or  both.  It  is  true,  however, 
that  this  person  often  combined  both  pro- 
fessions, namely,  legerdemain  and  music. 
Hence  Chaucer's  expression — "  Minstrales 
and  ekejuugclours  that  well  to  sing  did  her 
paine." 

JULER.     Perhaps  a  jeweller. 

JULEUS.     A  mis-spelling  of  Julius. 

JULIAN.  JULIANS.  The  personal 
name. 

JULIUS.     The  personal  name. 

JUMPER.  Tlie  first  ]\Ir.  Jtimper  would 
appear  to  have  derived  his  name  not  from 
his  saltatory  skill,  but  from  his  having  been 
a  maker  of  jumj^s,  a  kind  of  short  leather 
coat  or  boddice,  formerly  worn  by  women. 
See  Bailey  aud  llalliwell.  Jumper  is  also  a 
northern  proviucialism  for  a  miner's  boriug 
tool,  and  may  have  been  metaphorically  ap- 
plied to  tlie  miner  himself. 

JUPP.     A  nurse-name  of  Joseph. 

JURDAN.     See  Jordan. 

JURY.  In  the  middle  ages,  when  the 
Jews  were  a  nmcli-persecuted  race,  they 
resided  partly  by  compulsion,  partly  by 
choice,  in  a  particular  quarter  of  our  old 
towns  and  cities.  Such  a  localitj^  was 
usually  called  the  Jewry,  as  the  Old  Jewry, 
in  London.  "  Jewerie,  a  district  inhabited 
by  Jews."     Halliw. 

JUST.  From  probity  of  character;  or 
more  probably  from  an  ancient  personal 
name.  Saiut  Just  gives  name  to  a  Cornish 
parish. 

JUSTICE.  A  magistrate ;  probably  ap- 
plied as  a  sobriquet.  Justice  was,  however, 
personified  in  the  old  miracle  plays.  See 
particularly  Hone's  Anc.  Mysteries,  p.  38. 
et  seq.  It  is  remarkable  that  while  we  have 
several  Le  Justices  in  the  H.R.  we  find 
one  lady  called  Iva  la  Justice.  Qu.  was 
she  a  "  miracle"  actress  ? 

JUSTINS.  A  genitive  form  of  Justin, 
the  personal  name. 

JUTSOM.    JUTSUM.    See  Jutson. 

JUTSON.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Judson  ;  though  Ferguson  thinks  that,  to- 
gether Avith  Jutting  and  Jutsom,  it  relates 
to  a  Jutish  extraction. 

JUTTING.     See  Jutson. 


KAY 


175 


KEE 


K. 


KaTMES.  1.  The  same  as  Camoys.  2. 
Scot,  luiim,  a  low  ridge,  an  earthwork  or 
camp,  like  the  Antiquari/s  "  kaims  of 
Kinprunes." 

KAIN.  The  same  as  Kane.  The  town 
of  Caen  in  Normandy  was  sometimes  so 
written  in  English  records. 

KAINES.     The  same  as  Keynes. 

KAIRNS.     SeeCau-n. 

K  ALL  ANDER.    The  same  as  Callander. 

KALLOWAY.     The  same  as  Callaway. 

KANE.     See  O'Cahan. 

KARBY.     A  corruption  of  Kirby. 

KARR.     The  same  as  Carr. 

KAVAFAGH.  The  fomily  claim  des- 
cent from  ancestors  who  Avere  of  old  mon- 
archs  of  all  Ireland,  and  who  at  the  inva- 
sion of  Heniy  II.  were  kings  of  Leinster. 
They  bore  the  suraame  of  Mac-Murroiigh ; 
but  in  1171  Douell,  son  of  Dermot  Mac- 
Murrough,  acquired  that  of  Caomhanach  or 
Caranagh,  which  became  hereditary.  Do- 
nell's  sister  Eva  married  Strongbow,  Earl 
of  Pembroke,  the  leader  of  the  English  ex- 
pedition. 

KAYE.  KAY.  "  The  family  of  Kaye," 
says  an  old  statement,  "  is  of  great  antiquity 
in  the  county  of  York,  being  descended 
from  Sir  Kaye,  an  ancient  Briton,  and  one 
of  the  KnigliU  of  the  warliliS  Table  of  that 
noUe  Prince  Arthur,  floiver  of  cMvalrij  ! .'" 
It  is  added  that  his  descendant  at  the 
period  of  the  "  Norman  Duke  that  made 
Conquest  of  England,  was  Sir  John  Kaye, 
Knight,  who  married  the  daughter  and  heir 
of  Sir  John  ■\7oodesliam,  of  Woodesham, 
Knight,  AK  AXCIENT  Briton  !  1"  Not  to 
speculate  upon  the  age  in  round  centuries 
that  Miss  Woodesham  must  have  been  at 
the  time  of  her  nuptials,  we  may  ask,  where 
is  the  proof  of  a  De  Woodesham  or  a  De 
anything  in  England  "  before  the  time  of 
the  Conquest,"  when  this  match  is  alleged 
to  have  taken  place  ?  The  truth  seems  to 
be,  that  at  "Woodsome  in  Yorkshire  there 
resided  in  very  early  times  a  family  of  Kay, 
Keay,  or  Kaye,  the  head  of  which,  some 
centuries  later  was  created  a  baronet  by 
Charles  I.  The  patent  expired  in  1810,  but 
was  revived  shortly  afterwards  in  favour  of 
the  reputed  son  of  the  fifth  baronet.  The 
name  may  be  a  modification  of  Caius  or 
some  other  personal  designation. 

Dr.  John  Caius  or  Kaye  advanced 
Gonville  Hall,  Cambridge,  to  the  dignity  of 
a  college  in  1557,  and  that  house  is  still 
called  indifferently  Caius'  or  Key's.  He 
had  a  contemporary,  Dr.  Thomas  Kay   or 


Caius,  who  was  master  of  University  Coll. 
Oxon. 

KEAL.  East  and  West  Keele,  parishes 
in  Lincolnshire. 

KEALY.     The  same  as  Keeley. 

KEAN.     1.  See  Keen.     In  the  H.R.  it 

is  Kene,  without  prefix.  2.  Keyne,  a  parish 
in  Cornwall. 

KEARSLEY.  A  township  in  Lanca- 
shire. 

KEASLEY.  ProlDably  the  same  as  Kears- 

ley. 

KEATE.  KEATS.  An  old  Cornish 
family  bore  the  former  name,  as  also  did 
the  extinct  baronets  of  the  Hoo  in  Hert- 
fordshire. Hals,  the  Cornish  topographer, 
gives  this  veiy  uncomplimentarj^  deriva- 
tion of  the  name:  '•'■  Keate,  ceate,  in  British 
is  fallacy,  cheat,  or  delusion." 

KEAY.     See  Kay. 

KEBBLE.     See  Kibble. 

KEBLE.     See  Kibble. 

KEEBLE.     See  Kibble. 

KEEL.     Keele,  a  parish  in  co.  Stafford. 

KEELEY.       Probably     Keighley,     co. 

York. 

KEELTY.  KIELTY.  From  the  an- 
cient personal  name  Caoilte,  borne  by  one 
of  the  heroes  of  Ossiau.  Ulster.  Journ.  of 
Archajol.  No.  2. 

KEEN.  KEENE.  Perhaps  some- 
times from  sharpness  of  disposition ;  but 
sometimes  probabl)'  the  Irish  O'Kean,  sans 
0'.  Both  Kene  and  Le  Kene  occur  in 
H.R. 

KEEP.  Perhaps  from  residence  at  the 
"  keep,"  or  domestic  department  of  a  castle. 
If  I  may  be  allowed  a  little  self-plagiarism 
here,  I  will  extract  from  my  "  Contributions 
to  Literature"  (Lend.  18"54.  p.  279),  the 
following  passage : — 

'•■ttliy  is  the  strongest  part  of  a  castle  called  a 
Keep"?  This  question  has  often  suggested  itself  to  me 
■vvJien  viewuig  old  baronial  fortresses.  The  common 
notion  seems  to  be,  that  the  name  originated  in  the 
fact  that  prisoners  ivere  kept  there.  The  French 
equivalent  is  Donjon,  whence  may  come  our  word 
"dungeon,"  and  this  may  have  suggested  that  etj-mo- 
logj'.  I  do  not  doubt  that  the  baron  who  had  a  pri- 
soner of  mark  would  place  him  within  the  strongest 
walls  whicli  his  feudal  abode  could  supply.  But  for 
ob\ious  reasons  he  would  locate  liiraself  and  his  family 
there  also.  Now  in  our  eastern  and  several  other 
provincial  dialects,  tlie  more  usual  sitting-room  of  a 
family  is  still  called  the  "keeping-room."  I  think, 
therefore,  the  keep,  or  principal  part  of  a  castle  was 
so  called  because  the  loi'd  and  his  domestic  circle  kept, 
abode,  or  lived  there.  Shakspeare  uses  the  word 
"  keep"  in  the  sense  of  to  dwell,  or  reside  : — 
"And  somethues  where  earth-delving  conies  fecp." 

Venus  and  Adonis. 


KEI 


176 


KEM 


And  again : 

"  And  held  in  idle  price  to  haunt  assemblies, 
Where  youth,  and  cost,  and  wtless  bravery  Icceps." 
Measure  for  Measure. 

KEER.     See  Keir. 
KEETE.     See  Keate. 
KEEVIL.     A  parish  ia  Wiltshire. 

KEIGIILEY.  A  town  and  parish  in 
Yorkshire, 

KEIG^^T:]Sr.  An  ancient  Cornish  family. 
]\Ir.  Dixon  derives  the  surname  from  Welsh 
and  Cornish  roots  signifying  White  Dog, 
and  the  three  gi'eyhounds  argent  in  the 
arms  seem  to  allude  to  this  derivation. 

KEIR,     A  parish  In  Dumfriesshire. 

KEITH.  Several  parishes  and  places  in 
Scotland  bear  this  name,  which  seems  to  be 
a  Celtic  descriptive  term  (  Caeth)  signifying 
'  confined  or  narrow.'  The  place  from  which 
the  ancient  family  of  Keith,  hereditary 
Earls-Marshal  of  Scotland  from  1010,  derive 
their  surname,  is  in  the  parish  of  Humbie, 
at  the  south-western  extremity  of  Hadding- 
tonshire. The  district  is  still  known  as 
Keith-Marshall,  though  the  estate  has  long 
passed  away  from  the  family.  This  is  a 
sufficient  origin  of  both  name  and  familj^  to 
satisfy  ordinary  curiosity,  but  the  inventive 
genius  of  Scottish  genealogists  goes  much 
further. 

We  have  Camden's  testimony  that 
"some  Scottish  men  think  their  surnames 
as  ancient  as  the  moone ;"  but  the  Earl- 
Marshal  of  Scotland,  who  from  the  nature 
of  his  office  should  be  well-acquainted  with 
these  matters,  was  far  more  modest,  and 
went  back  no  further  than  just  lieyond  the 
Christian  era,  a  thousand  years  or  so  earlier 
than  the  commencement  of  any  authenti- 
cated royal  pedigree  in  Europe.  The  whole 
genealogy  must  be  rich  beyond  expression, 
since  the  mere  skeleton  of  it  informs  us — 

1.  That  the  Chatti,  or  Catti,  a  tribe  of  Ger- 
mans, occupied  the  district  now  known  as 
Hesse-Cassel  from  times  of  remote  anti- 
quity. 

2.  That  about  a  century  before  the  Chris- 
tian era  a  part  of  this  German  tribe  des- 
cended the  Rhine  and  settled  in  Batavia, 
now  Holland,  where  many  places  beginning 
with  Cat  mark  their  colonization. 

3.  That  diu'ing  tlie  reign  of  Corbred  II. 
of  Scotland  (a  mythic  king)  about  A.D.  76, 
a  detachment  of  the  Germauo-Hollandic 
Catti  emigrated  to  Britain,  and  landed  at 
Ox/'ness,  now  corrupted  (!)  to  CaitliwQS,?,, 
that  is  to  say,  "  the  promontory  of  the 
Catti." 

4.  That  about  eight  hundred  years  later, 
these  immigrants  turn  up  as  tlie  Clan 
Chattan,  A.D.  831—831. 

5.  That,  later  still,  these  Catti  called 
themselves  Kethi,  Keths,  or  Keiths,  and 
that  Robert,  chief  of  the  Clan  Chattan,  w'as 
created  Hereditary  Grand-Marshal  of  Scot- 
land by  King  Malcolm  TI.  A.D.  1010.  This 
monarch  gave  him  lands  in  the  South  of 
Scotland,  irJilcli  lie  called  after  his  vioi 
vmne  ! 

Risimi  teneatis  amici  ? 


KEKEWICII.  This  family,  long  resident 
in  Cornwall  and  DeA'onshire,  are  said  to 
have  l^een  of  Lancashire  origin.  There  is 
a  township  in  Cheshire  called  Kekwick, 
from  which  the  name  was  i:)robably  bor- 
rowed. 

KELHAM.  A  Norman  family,  who  de- 
rive their  name  from  Kelhara,  near  New- 
ark-upon-Trent,  co.  Nottingham,  where 
they  were  seated  at  an  early  period.  They 
still  bear  in  their  arms  three  covered  cups, 
in  allusion  to  the  office  of  cup-bearer  to 
Alan,  earl  of  Richmond,  the  Conqueror's 
son-in-law,  which  was  held  by  their  ances- 
tor.    B.L.G. 

KELKE.  The  estate  of  Kelke,  co, 
Lincoln,  was  owned  by  a  family  so  desig- 
nated from  it.  Berry's  Encyc.  Herald. 
There  are  also  two  townships  in  Yorkshire 
called  Kelk. 

KELL.  1.  Formerly  written  Call,  and 
said  by  the  family  to  be  derived  from  Cailly 
in  Normandy.  See  Cailey.  In  modern 
times  some  Christianized  Jews  have  changed 
their  names  from  Ezekiel  to  Kell. 

2.  A  nickname  of  Charles — Carl,  Karl, 
Kell.  Hence  the  derivatives  Kelson,  and 
Kellie. 

KELLAWAY.       KELLEWAY.        A 

parish  in  Wiltshire. 

KELLETT.      Kellet,  two   townships  in 

Lancashire. 

KELLY.  KELLEY.  The  Kelleys 
were  in  old  times  resident  in  the  parish  of 
that  name  in  Devonshire,  and  the  Irish 
Kellys,  now  very  numerous,  bear  the  same 
arms.  According  to  the  genenlogy  in  B.L.G., 
the  Kellys  of  Kelly  "  may  look  back  beyond 
the  Conquest  and  derive  themselves  from 
the  ancient  Britons !"  Mr.  Shirley  says: 
"  Kelly  is  a  manor  in  the  hundred  of  Lifton, 
about  six  miles  from  Tavistock.  The 
manor  and  advowson  have  been  in  the 
family  at  least  from  the  thue  of  Henry  II, 
and  here  they  have  uninterruptedly  resided 
since  that  very  early  period."  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men,  p.  59.  Tlie  similar  name  Kellie 
is  a  diminutive  of  Charles.     See  Kell. 

KELLOW. 

Durliam. 

KELSEY.  Xorth  and  South  Kelsey  are 
parishes  in  co.  Lincoln. 

KELSO.  A  town  and  parish  in  Rox- 
burghshire. The  family  were  in  Ayrshire  at 
an  early  period.  Hugh  de  Kelso  is  men- 
tioned in  Ragman  Roll,  1296.     B.L.G. 

KELSON.      The  son  of  Kell,  i.e.  Charles. 

KEJMBALL.     The  same  as  Kemble. 

KEMBER.  Identical  with  cither  Kemper 
or  Klmber. 

KEIMBLE.  A  parish  In  co.  Wilts.  It 
has  been  erroneously  considered  a  narrowed 
pronunciation  of  Campbell. 

KEMEYS.  The  baronets,  created  1642, 
extinct   1735,   claimed  to    be  of  the  old 


Kelloe,    a    parish    In    co. 


KEN 


177 


KEN 


Norman  baronial  house  of  Camois,  which 
claim  if  not  proven  is  highly  probable. 
The  family  were  early  settlers  in  Wales, 
where  "as  lords  of  Caviaes  and  St.  Dog- 
maels  in  Pembrokeshire  tliey  exercised  au- 
thority little  short  of  regal."  Burlie's  Ext. 
Barts. 

KEMMISH.     A  corruption  of  Kemyss. 

KEMP.  KEMPE.  Jamieson's  definition 
is — "  1.  A  champion.  Dovglas.  2.  Some- 
times it  includes  the  idea  of  strength  and 
uncommon  size.  Bannatyne  Poems.  3. 
The  champion  of  a  party  in  controversy. 
Winyct. — A-Sax.  cevqm,  miles  ;  Suedo- 
Gothic  Itampc,  athleta ;  Danish,  liempe,  a 
giant;  Islandic,  miles  robustus."  In  Scot- 
land, tlie  verlj  to  liemp  means  to  strive  in 
whatever  way,  especially  in  the  harvest- 
field  ;  a  liempcr  is  a  reaper  who  tries  to 
outdo  another  in  the  amount  of  his  labour ; 
and  such  a  contest  is  known  as  a  licmpin. 
In  the  A- Sax.  translation  of  the  Gospels 
made  about  the  year  1000,  the  word  which 
in  the  Vulgate  is  miles,  and  in  our  version 
"  soldier,"  is  rendered  ccmpa.  Kempes, 
hemperye-men  are  words  employed  for 
fighting  men,  in  the  ballad  of  King  Estmere 
in  Percy's  Eeliques.  Hence  it  appears  that 
Kemp  and  Campion  are  closely  allied,  if 
not  identical. 

KEMPER.  1.  A  combatant.  See  Kemp. 
2.  A  wool-comber. 

KEMPSON.  The  son  of  a  Kemp.  See 
Kemp.  This  is  one  of  the  few  surnames  in 
Avhich  "  son  "  is  affixed  to  names  of  occu- 
pation, profession,  or  digoity.  Sraithson, 
Wrightson,  Clarkson,  and  Dukeson  are 
other  examples. 

KEMSTER.  A  wool  comber.  See  ter- 
mination STER. 

KEMPTHORNE.  The  family  name 
(which  was  originally  Ley)  was  derived 
from  an  estate  so  called  in  the  parish  of 
Beer-Ferris,  co.  Devon.  C.  S.  Gilbert's 
Cornwall. 

KEMPTON.  Perhaps      Kempston, 

parishes  in  Norfolk  and  Bedfordshire. 

KEMYSS.     See  Kemeys. 

KENCLARKE.     See  Clarke. 

KENDALL.  Kent-dale,  the  valley  of  the 
Kent,  a  river  of  Westmoreland.  The  true 
name  of  the  town  known  as  Kendal  is 
Kirkby  -in-  Kendale. 

The  Kendalls  of  Cornwall,  long  and  still 
resident  at  Pelyn,  were  formerly  of  Treworgy 
in  that  county,  but  there  does  not  seem  to 
be  any  proof  of  their  derivation  from  West- 
moreland. It  has  been  remarked  of  this 
family,  that  they  liave  perhaps  sent  more 
representatives  to  the  British  Senate  than 
any  other  in  the  United  Kingdom.  C.  S. 
Gilbert's  Cornwall.  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men. 

KENDLE.     See  Kendall. 

KENDRICK.     See  Kenrick. 

KENEL.       KEN  ELL.      Probably     the 


French  surname  Quesnel,  an  archaism  for 
the  oak-tree. 

KENIiSTON,     The  same  as  Kynaston. 

KENN.      Parishes   in    cos.    Devon    and 

Somerset. 

KENNARD.  The  same  as  Kenward, 
which  is  usually  so  pronounced. 

KENNAAV^AY.  1.  Probably  the  same 
as  Kenewi  or  Kenewy,  which  occurs  in  H.E. 
both  as  a  personal  appellation  and  as  a  sur- 
name.   2.  Keimoway,  a  parish  in  Fifeshire. 

KENNAY.     See  Kenny. 

KENNEDY.  Celtic.  Cean-7ia-tighe, 
meaning,  it  is  said,  the  head  of  a  sept  or 
clan.  The  family  descend  from  the  ancient 
earls  of  Carrick  in  Ayrshire,  and  seem  to 
have  changed  their  name  from  Carrick  to 
Kennedy  in  the  XIV.  cent.  The  chief  was 
K.  of  Dunure,  afterwards  Earl  of  Cassilis 
(now  Marquis  of  Ailsa).  In  the  XVI.  cent, 
the  power  of  tliis  great  house  in  the  shires 
of  Ayr  and  Galloway  was  set  forth  in  a 
popular  rhyme : — 

"  By  \Vigton  and  the  town  of  Ayr, 

Port  Patrick  and  the  Crnives  o'Cree, 
Nae  man  need  tliink  for  to  bide  tliere, 
Unless  he  court  in'  Kennedie." 

KENNET.  1 .  The  river  Kennet  in  Berk- 
shire. 2.  The  Scottish  baptismal  name 
Keneth.     Its  latinization  is  Cuuetius. 

KENNEY.  The  Kenneys,  who  settled 
in  Ireland  temp.  Edw.  IV.  A.D.  1472,  were 
of  high  antiquity  in  Somersetsliire,  deriving 
their  name  from  Kenue  in  that  county.  So 
early  as  12  Henry  II.,  John  de  Kenne  held 
two  knight's  fees  in  Kenue.  The  name  has 
been  variously  spelt  Kenne,  Kenei,  Kenny, 
and  Kenney.  B.L.G.  (Kenny  of  Kilclogher.) 
But  another  family-,  Kenny  of  Balliurobe, 
claim  to  be  of  Huguenot  extraction,  and  to 
have  gone  from  France  into  Ireland  about 
the  year  16G0. 

KENNINGTON.  Parishes  and  places  in 
Surrey,  Kent,  and  Berkshire. 

KENNY.  Ferguson  tliinks  that  this 
corresponds  with  the  Old  Friesic  licmg,  a 
king.     But  see  Kenney. 

KENRICK.  The  family  of  Kenrick  of 
Nautclwyd  Woore,  co.  Denbigh,  claim  from 
David  Kenrick  who  fought  under  the  Black 
Prince  at  Creci  and  Poictiers.  The  name  is 
clearly  the  A- Sax.  baptismal  Cynric,  or  as 
it  is  written  in  Domesd.  Kenricus  and 
Kenric. 

KENSELL.  Probably  from  Kensal 
Green,  a  hamlet  in  i\Iiddlesex. 

KENSETT.  KENSIT.  A  modification 
of  Jlackenzie. 

KENSINGTON.  A  parish  in  Middle- 
sex. 

KENT.     See  Counties,  Names  of. 

KENTISH.  A  native  of  Kent — cognate 
with  Cornish,  Devenish,  Sco. 

KENTON  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos,  Somer- 
set, Suffolk,  Northumberland,  and  Devon. 


KES 


178 


KIF 


KENWARD.  An  ancient  personal  name. 
One  Kenewardus,  or  Kcneward,  mentioned 
in  Domesd.,  was  a  Thane  of  Edward  the 
Confessor,  co.  Gloucester,  The  name  may 
have  been  originally  derived  from  A-Sax. 
cuna,  cows,  and  meard,  a  keeper. 

KENYON.  Lord  Kenjon's  family  are 
descended  from  the  Kenyous  of  Peele,  co. 
Lancaster,  and  their  surname  is  doubtless 
derived  from  the  township  of  Kenyon  in 
that  shire. 

KEOGH.  A  contraction  of  the  Irish 
eurname  Mac  Eochy,  or  Eochaid.  The 
family  claun  descent  from  Fergus,  king  of 
"Ulster,  and  from  Koderick  the  Great,  king 
of  all  Ireland. 

KEPP.     A  hamlet  in  Perthshire. 

KEPPELL.  The  ancestor  of  Lord  Albe- 
marle was  Arnold-Joost  van  Kcj^pel,  lord 
of  Yoerst,  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  most 
ancient  houses  in  Gueklerland,  who  accom- 
panied King  William  III.  to  England  in 
1688,  and  was  by  him  advanced  to  the  title 
still  enjoyed  by  the  family.  According  to 
"  Folks  of  Shields,"  the  name  is  equivalent 
to  De  Capella. 

KEPPOCH.  An  estate  in  Dumbarton- 
shhe. 

KERBY.     See  Kirby. 

KERDESTON.  Kerdiston,  a  parish  in 
Norfolk,  which  gave  name  to  the  Barons 
Kerdeston.  The  family  is  traced  to  Roger 
de  K.,  temp.  King  John.     Ext.  Peerage. 

KERN.  1.  Scot.  Jiertie,  a  foot-soldier 
armed  with  a  dart  or  a  dagger.  2.  A  beggar. 
Jamieson. 

KERNOT.  This  name  is  found  in  Brit- 
tany, from  whence  it  was  probably  imported 
into  England  after  the  Piev.  of  the  Edict  of 
Nantes. 

KERR.     KER.     See  Carr. 

KERRELL.     See  Kyrle  and  Caryll. 

ICERRICH.  This  name  occurs  in  the 
records  of  Dunwich,  CO.  Suffolk,  in  1299. 
B.L.G. 

KERRY.  KERREY.  A  parish  in  co. 
Iilontgomery. 

KERSEY.     A  parish  in  Suffolk. 

KERSWELL.  "  Kerswell  of  Kerswell  is 
noticed  b}^  Norden,  as  being  one  of  the 
principal  houses  of  his  day,  but  we  have 
not  been  able  to  ascertain  in  what  part  of 
the  county  Kerswell  was  situated."  C.  S. 
Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

KERWIN.     The  same  as  Curwen,  which 

see. 

KESTELL.  This  family  are  known  to 
have  been  resident  at  Kestell,  in  the  parish 
of  Egloshayle,  co.  Cornwall,  from  the  time 
of  King  John  till  about  the  j'ear  1737. 
C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

KESTEiST.  A  contraction  of  Kesteven, 
CO.  Lincoln,  or  amis-spelling  of  Kestou,  co, 
Kent. 


KESTEVEN".  A  division  of  Lincoln- 
shire. 

KETLEY.     A  township  in  Shropshire. 

KETT.     See  Catt. 

KETTLE.  1.  AparishinFifeshh-e.  2. 
The  personal  name  Chetell  occurring  in 
Domesday ;  in  H.Pi.  Ketel,  Kctyl. 

KETTLEAAT]:LL.  a  parish  in  York- 
shire. 

KEVIN.  Irish  camhgin,  "the  beautiful 
offspring."  O'Donovan,  in  Irish  Penny 
Jouru.,  p.  327. 

KEY.  KEYES.  keys.  The  same  as 
Kay,  which  see. 

KEYMER.     a  parish  in  Sussex, 

KEYNES.     See  under  Cheney. 

KEYNTON.  Perhaps  Keynston,  a 
parish  in  co.  Dorset. 

KEYSER.  German,  kaiser,  an  emperor, 
a  Ca3sar.  This  name  must  be  an  importa- 
tion from  Germany,  where  it  was  probably 
first  applied  as  a  sobriquet.   See  Lemi^riere, 

KEYT,     The  same  as  Keate, 

KEY  WORTH.  A  parish  in  Nottingham- 
shire. 

KIBBLE.  KIBBEL.  Evidently  an  old 
personal  name,  whence  the  names  of  the 
localities  Kibblestone,  Kibblesworth,  Kib- 
blethwaite,  &c. 

KIBBLER.  In  the  "West  of  England 
liibhles  IS  a  name  given  to  pieces  of  fire- 
wood, and  a  ItiihUng-axe  is  an  axe  used 
for  cutting  them ;  hence  a  Kibbler  is  a 
preparer  of  firewood,  still  a  coimnon  trade 
in  many  places.  In  Bedfordshire,  how- 
ever, to  hihhle  means  to  walk  lamely  (Hal- 
liwell),  and  so  the  surname  may  signify  a 
cripple. 

KIBBLEWHITE.  A  corruption  of 
Kibblethwaite,  a  local  name. 

KIDD.  KID.  The  young  of  a  goat- 
analogous  to  Lamb,  Colt,  &c, 

KIDDELL.  KIDDLE.  Kiddel,  a 
township  CO.  York. 

KIDDER.  One  who  travels  with  goods 
for  sale.  "  A  huckster  who  carries  corn,  vic- 
tuals, &c.,  up  and  down  to  sell."  Bailey.  The 
Gothic  hjfa  signifies  to  deal  or  hawk. 
Most  if  not  all  the  Kidders  of  England 
spring  fi-om  Maresfield,  co.  Sussex,  where 
they  may  be  traced  liack  as  far  as  the  reign 
of  Edward  II.  Sussex  Archasolog,  Collec- 
tions.    IX.  127. 

KIDDERMINSTER.  The  town  in 
Worcestershire. 

KIDjMAN.  Probably  the  same  as 
Kidder. 

KIFFIN.     See  KyfBn. 

1^"  KIL — a  syllable  occurring  in  many 
Scottish  local  names,  is  the  Celtic 
equivalent  of  cell — '  cella  religionis,"  in- 
dicating the  abode  of  some  saint  in  the 


KIL 

early  days  of  Biitish  Christianity. 
Houce  several  family  names,  which 
taken  in  a  secondary  sense — aujncd  <Ib  la 
Icttre — have  a  very  curious,  not  to  say 
startling,  appearance.  What  a  mur- 
derous climax,  for  instance,  appears  in 
the  five  names  :  Kilhoy,  Kilman,  Kil- 
master,  Kilbride,  Kilmany  1 

The  0.  E.  cuUe  signifjing  kill,  necare,  is  found 
in  several  medieval  but  now  extinct  suraames,  as 
CullebuUoc,  Cullehare,  CuUehog,  &c.    H.R. 

KlLBURISr.  A  hamlet  in  the  parish  of 
St.  John,  Hampstead,  co.  Middlesex,  and  a 
parish  in  Yorkshire. 

KILBY.  KILLBY.  A  parish  in  co. 
Leicester. 

KILHAM.  KILLHAM.  A  township 
in  Northumberland,  and  a  parish  in  York- 
shire. 

KILLBEE.  KILBEY.  See  Kilby.  I 
may  remark  that  many  local  names  termi- 
nating in  BY,  are  corrupted  in  the  North 

to   BEE. 

KILLBOURN.     See  Kilburn. 

KILLICK.  Perhaps  Kihiwick,  co.  York. 
Many  provincial  dialects  drop  the  final  N 
of  Kiln;  and  the  w  in  the  termination 
'-wick  '  and  '-wich '  is  usually  suppressed, 
as  in  War(w)ick,  Nor(w)ich.  The  north- 
eastern border  of  East  Sussex  has  long  been 
a  great  habitat  of  the  name. 

2,  The  personal  name  Calixt  or  Calix- 
tus.  The  saint  in  the  Roman  calendar  so 
called  is  commemorated  on  Oct.  li. 

KILLIGARTH.  An  estate  in  Talland, 
CO.  Cornwall,  which  belonged  to  the  family 
till  temp.  Hen.  VI.     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornw. 

KILLIGREW,  in  charters,  Cheligi-evus. 
A  manor  in  the  parish  of  St.  Erme,  co. 
Cornwall,  where  this  celebrated  family  re- 
sided from  au  early  date  down  to  the  reign 
of  Richard  II. 

KILLIXGBECK.  Trobablj  the  name  of 
some  northern  rivulet. 

KIL^MANY.     A  parish  in  Fifeshire. 

KILLMASTER.  KILLMISTER.  Near 
Wick,  in  Scotland,  is  a  place  called  Kil- 
minster,  of  which  this  name  is  a  corrup- 
tion. The  word  is  easily  referred  to  its 
etjmion,  but  there  is  a  legend  which  ac- 
counts for  it  in  a  different  way.  During 
the  time  of  William  the  Lion,  a  number  of 
persons,  chiefly  of  the  name  of  Harrold, 
having  some  ground  of  quarrel  against  the 
bishop  of  the  diocese,  waylaid  him  at  this 
place,  captured  him,  and  boiled  liim ! 
Hence  the  name  Kill -minister,  or,  curtly, 
Kilminster. 

KILNER.  One  who  works  at  a  furnace 
or  kiln. 

KILPACK.  Kilpeck,  a  parish  in  Here- 
fordshire. 

KILPATRICK.  A  parish  in  Stirling- 
shii-e  and  Dumbartonshire. 

KILPIN".  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Gilpin, 


179  KIN 


KILVINGTON.     Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
York  and  Nottingham. 

KIL  WICK.     See  Killick. 

KIMBER.     A  place  in  Cornwall  is  called 
South  Kimber. 

KIMBLE.     See  Kemble. 

KIME.     SeeKyme. 

KIIMPTON.     Parishes  in  Hertfordshire 

and  Hampshire. 

|®°  KIN.  In  old  Teutonic,  a  child ;  hence 
the  diminutives  found  in  so  many  of 
our  family  names,  as  Wilkin,  "  Little 
William,"  Tompkin,  "little  Thomas," 
Perkin,  "  little  Peter,"  &c.  Very  few  if 
any  names  in  this  form  are  found  in 
the  H.R.,  and  I  believe  that  they  are 
not  seen  very  commonly  before  the  four- 
teenth century.  I  have  attempted  in 
vain  to  ascertain  the  exact  period  of 
their  introduction,  and  the  precise 
source  from  which  they  sprang. 

KEV^CAID.  A  place  in  the  parish  of 
Campsie,  Stirlingshire. 

KINCHAiSTT.  John  Quinchant,  a  native 
of  France,  became  a  captain  in  Gen.  Hariy 
Pulteney's  regiment  of  foot,  and  fell  at  the 
battle  of  Fontenoy,  1745.  His  son  and 
successor,  the  direct  ancestor  of  the  Kin- 
chants,  now  of  Park  Hall,  co.  Salop, 
adopted  the  present  orthography. 

KmCHIX.  Mr.  Ferguson  says  :  "  Kin- 
chin  seems  to  be  A-Sax.  cijneMn,  royal  off- 
spring." I  should  assign  a  much  lower 
and  later  origin,  for  if  I  do  not  mistake,  this 
word  is  London  '  slang  '  for  a  young  thief. 

KINDER.     A  hamlet  in  Derbyshire. 

KINE.  Kin,  Kiune,  and  Kjue  are  found 
as  surnames  in  H.R.,  probably  implying 
the  same  as  Cousin. 

KING.  A  very  common  sobriquet  in  all 
ages  and  countries.  Classical  antiquity 
affords  us  the  names  of  Basilius,  Archias, 
Regulus,  Caesarius,  &c.,  borne  by  people 
wlio,  as  Camden  quaintlj' remarks,  "were 
neither  kings,  dukes,  nor  Ca?sars."  There 
are  plenty  of  Lerois  in  France,  and  Kcenigs 
in  Germany,  who  are  of  no  royal  descent, 
and  it  is  only  within  a  few  generations 
that  the  '  Kings  '  of  England  have  emerged 
from  a  plebeian  grade.  The  name  may  very 
probably  have  originated  in  those  popular 
medieval  pastimes  in  which  Kings  of  the 
Bean — of  May — of  Cockneys — of  Misrule 
held  temporary  sway.  For  their  functions 
see  Brand's  Pop.  Antiq.  edit.,  1812. 

It  must  not  be  forgotten,  however,  that 
the  epithet  King  was  sometimes  applied  to 
functionaries  more  regularly  appointed,  and 
recognized  by  the  state.  For  example  the 
author  of  the  Cleomadis  (from  which  Chau- 
cer is  supposed  to  have  drawn  his  "  Squire's 
Tale"),  Adenes  le  Boy,  was  so  named  from  his 
having  been  chief,  or  king,  of  the  minstrels 
in  the  service  of  Henry  III.,  duke  of  Bra- 
bant, in  the  thirteenth  century.  Nor  need 
we  go  so  far  a-field,  or  so  far  back,  to  find 
such  monarchs,  for  have  we  not  at  this 


KIN 


180 


KIR 


moment,  and  much  nearer  home  than  either 
Brabant  or  Cologne,  TArce  Kings — and  arml- 
potent  kings  too,  in  the  right  -worshipful 
Gauter,  Clarenceux,  and  NoKROY,who 
sway  their  sceptres  at  (he  Heralds'  Col- 
lege? 

KINGCOMBE.  A  tytbing  in  Dorset- 
shire. 

KINGDON.  The  family  have  flourished 
in  Cornwall  and  Devon  for  some  centuries. 
The  name  would  appear  to  have  been  bor- 
rowed from  Kingdon,  an  estate  near  Shar- 
row  in  the  former  county. 

KIXGHA]\I.     A  parish  in  Oxfordshire. 

KING  HORN.     A  parish  in  Fifeshire. 

KINGSBURY.  Parishes  in  Middlesex, 
Warwick,  and  Somerset. 

KINGSCOTE.  Ansgerus  or  Arthur, 
owmer  of  lands  in  Combe,  in  the  parish  of 
Wotton-under-Edge,  co.  Gloucester,  the  gift 
of  the  Empress  Maude,  is  the  patriarch  of 
this  venerable  family.  Tlie  surname  was 
acquired  by  marriage  with  the  heiress  of 
Kiugscote  of  Kingscote,  soon  after  the 
reigu  of  Henry  II.,  and  that  estate  is  still 
possessed  by  tlie  family.  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men. 

"Nigel  Fitz-Arthur,  grandson  of  Ans- 
gerus the  Saxon,  in  A.  D.  1085,  married 
Adeva,  daughter  of  Robert  Fitz-Harding, 
grandson  of  Sueno,  3rd  King  of  Denmark, 
by  Eva,  niece  of  William  the  Conqueror. 
With  this  lady  he  received  in  dower  the 
manor  of  Kingscote,  called  in  Domesday 
Book,  Chiugescote."     B.L.G. 

KINGSFORD.  Hamlets  in  cos.  War- 
wick and  Worcester. 

KINGSLEY.  A  township  and  estate  in 
CO.  Chester,  the  property  of  Sir  Ean\ilph 
de  Kingsley  before  1128.  In  the  XIII. 
cent,  the  family  divided  into  two  branches, 
the  younger  contimung  the  name  of 
Kingsley,  and  the  elder  adopting  that  of  De 
Aula  or  Hale.     See  Hale. 

KINGSIMILL.  I  find  no  sucli  locality  in 
the  Gazetteers.  The  name  appears  to  have 
been  borne  bj'  an  individual  who  farmed 
or  resided  at  a  royal  mill.  From  the 
Hundred  Rolls,  3.  Edw.  I.,  we  learn  that  an 
inquisition  was  held  touching  the  manors 
belonging  to  that  monarch  in  Hampshire, 
when  one  of  the  jurors  who  gave  evidence 
bore  the  name  of  Hugode  la  Kingcsmille — 
"Hugh  of  the  King's  Mill."  The  baronet 
family,  extinct  in  1823,  traced  their  pedigree 
to  Richard  Kingsmill  of  the  neighbouring 
county  of  Berkshire  in  the  XV.  cent. 

KINGSTON.  Twenty-four  towns, 
parishes,  &c.,  of  this  nfime  are  given  in  the 
English  Gazetteer. 

KINGTON.  Parishes,  &c.  in  cos.  Hunt- 
ingdon, Gloucester,  Worcestei",  Dorset,  and 
Wilts. 

KINLESIDE.  A  local  name  apparently 
of  Northern  origin,  though  I  cannot  find 
the  place.  It  may  be  a  corruption  of  Kin- 
neyside,  a  township  in  the  parish  of  St. 


Bees,  CO.  Cumberland.  It  is  also  written 
Keenliside.  At  Stockton,  co.  Durham,  it 
is  corrupted  to  Kittliside,  and  at  Newcastle 
to  KittlcJiimside  ! 

KINLOCK.  Many  parishes,  Sre.,  in 
Scotland  are  so  called. 

KINNAIRD.  Radulphus,  surnamed 
Rufus,  had  a  charter  from  King  William 
the  Lion,  of  the  barony  of  Kinnaird 
in  Pertlishire,  from  whence  the  family 
assumed  their  surname.  Hence  Lord  Kin- 
naird. 

KINNELL.     A  parish  in  Forfarshire. 

KINNERSLEY.  Parishes  in  cos.  Here- 
ford and  Salop. 

KINSEY.  Probably  Kilnsey,  co.  York, 
by  the  suppression  of  L. 

KINSLEY.     Probably  a  contraction  of 

Kinnersley. 

KINSMAN.     Analoo-ous  to  Cousin. 

KINTREA.  Kintra,  a  village  in  Ar- 
gyleshire. 

KIPLING.  A  township  in  the  N.  Riding 
of  Yorkshire. 

KIR  BY.  (In  charters,  Cherchebeius,  and. 
originally  written  Kirldjy).  Parishes,  &c., 
in  cos.  Essex,  York,  A\''arwick,  and  Norfolk, 
Places  in  cos.  Lancaster,  York,  Nottingham, 
Lincoln,  Leicester,  and  Westmoreland,  still 
retain  the  form  Kirkby,  which  is  also  a 
surname. 

KIRCALDY.     See  Kirkcaldy. 

KIRK.  KIRKE.  The  northern  pro- 
nunciation of  Church.  Many  j^arishes  in 
the  northern  counties  liave  this  prefix,  as 
Kirk-Heaton,  Kirk-Newton,  Kirk-Malew, 
Kirk-Linton,  Kirk-Oswald,  Kirk-Sandal, 
&c.  There  are  probably  several  distinct 
families  of  this  name. 

KIRKBRIDE.  A  parish  in  Cumber- 
land. 

KIRKBY.     See  Kirby. 

KIRKCALDY.  A  royal  burgh  and 
pariish  in  Fifeshire. 

KIRKIIAi\[.  A  town  in  Lancashire,  and 
a  liberty  in  Yorkshire. 

KiRKLAND.  Villages  in  tlie  shires  of 
Fife,  Dumfries,  Laiiark,  &c. 

KIRK]MAN.  A  northern  form  of  Cluirch- 

man,  which  see. 

KIRKNESS,     A  headland  in  Shetland. 

KIRKPATR ICK.    Parishes  In  the  shires 

of  Kircudbright  and  Dumfries. 

KIRKTON.  The  Kirketons,  ennobled 
by  the  title  of  baron  by  Edward  III.,  de- 
rived their  name  and  title  from  Kirkton, 
now  Kirton,  parts  of  Holland,  co.  Lincoln. 

KIRKWOOD.      Local  :    "  the  church- 

wood." 

KIRTLAND.  A  corruption  of  Kirk- 
land. 


KLE 


181 


KNI 


KIRWIN.  This  family,  of  ancient  Irish 
extraction,  have  been  seated  at  Blindwell, 
CO.  Gahvay  from  time  immemorial.  Until 
the  time  of  Elizabeth  the  name  was  written 
O'Quirivane.  "  In  a  conlirmatory  grant 
of  Charles  II.,  reference  is  made  to  their 
recognition  by  Henry  Vll.  and  King  John." 
B.L.G. 

KISSICK.  A  corruption  of  Keswick,  co. 
Cumberland. 

KISTER.  An  abbreviation  of  Christo- 
pher. 

KITCHEN.  KITCHENER.  Probably 
a  name  given  to  a  servitor  in  the  kitchen 
of  some  medieval  nobleman. 

KlTCHIN.   KITCHING.  See  Kitchen. 

KITE.  The  bird— like  Eagle,  Falcon, 
Ilawk,  Sec. 

KITSON.     The  sou  of  Kitt,  i.e.  Christo- 
pher. 
KITT.     A  '  nurse-name'  of  Christopher. 

KITTER^V] ASTER.  An  obvious  cor- 
ruption of  Kidderminster,  the  town  in  Wor- 
cestershire. The  pedigree  of  K.  of  Mcriden 
CO.  Warwick,  given  in  B.L.G.,  shews  the 
following  phases :  —  Kydermister,  1543  ; 
Kytlermaster,  1568;  Kittermaster,  1CA9. 

KITTLE.     See  Kettle. 

KITTO.  The  late  Dr.  Kitto,  the  cele- 
brated biblical  illustrator,  gives  the  follow- 
ing amusing,  if  not  very  couvinciug,  ac- 
count of  the  origin  of  his  name  : — 

"I  find  myself  much  in  the  habit  of  en- 
deavouring to  make  out  the  etymology  of 
most  of  the  proper  names  which  come  across 
me  ;  and  it  rarely  happens  that  any  name 
which  has  been  the  subject  of  this  exercise, 
subsequently  escapes  my  recollection.  I 
will  illustrate  this  point  from  my  own. 
Few  readers  will  be  able  to  attach  any  sig- 
nification to  it.  It  long  baffled  my  own  en- 
quiries, and  I  was  disposed  to  refer  its  ety- 
mology to  the  unknown  tongue.  In  this 
classical  country  a  disposition  exists  to 
confound  it  with  Cato,  and  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, Spaniards  would  have  it  to  be 
Quito,  while  my  Italian  friends  vowed  that  it 
was  Ghetto,  and  claimed  me  for  a  country- 
man on  the  strength  of  it,  triumphautly 
adducing  my  complexion  as  an  undeniable 
proof  of  their  position.  This  I  had  good 
reason  for  disputing,  but  had  nothing  better 
to  propose,  til)  I  found  that  the  very  word, 
letter  for  letter — Kiixo,  is  that  which  Dios- 
corides  uses  for  a  species  of  Cassia.  This 
again,  is  called  in  Hebrew,  Kiddali,  which 
as  well  as  the  Greek  probably  represents 
the  Phoenician  name  of  the  aromatic.  Now 
the  Phoenicians  had  much  intercourse  with 
the  remote  part  of  Cornwall,  from  which 
my  grandfather  brought  his  family  -,  and 
the  probability  is,  that  it  was  at  least  a  Phce- 
nician  name,  if  it  does  not  imply  a  Pliceni- 
ciau  origin  to  those  that  bear  it.  The  Lost 
Senses,  page  1G6. 

KITTS.     See  Kitt. 

KLEIN.  German.  Little  ;smalHn  person. 


KLYNE.     A  corruption  of  Klein. 

KNAPMAN.  A  dweller  upon  a  knap  or 
hill. 

KNAPTON.  Places  in  cos.  Norfolk  and 
York. 

KNAPP.  1.  Cwfflp.  A-Sax.  A  top  or 
knop.  Bosworth.  A  hillock  or  hna})  of  a 
hill.  Cotgrave.  In  Sussex,  the  brow  of  a 
hill  is  called  a  nab. 

2.   Ciiiqja.  A-Sax.    A  son,  a  boy,  a  j-outh, 
iipcujc^  equivalent  to  the  Fr.  gar^on. 

KNAPPER.  See  Knapp,  and  the  ter. 
mination  ER. 

KNATCHBULL.  The  first  recorded 
ancestor  of  the  family  is  John  Knatchbull, 
who  had  lands  in  the  parish  of  Lynme,  co. 
Kent,  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.,  and  there 
some  of  the  name  remained  down  to  the 
time  of  Cliarles  I.  The  main  branch  were 
at  Mersham-Hatch,  in  the  same  county,  by 
purchase,  temp.  Henry  VII.,  and  there  the 
present  baronet  yet  resides.  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men.  The  etymology  of 
this  singular  surname  is  not  very  obvious, 
but,  in  the  absence  of  a  better,  I  will  sug- 
gest— linafch,  a  northern  provincialism, 
meaning  to  strike  or  knock,  and  hull 
(taurus)— perhaps  from  some  courageous 
adventure  with  an  animal  of  that  species. 
See  Turnbull. 

KNELL.     See  Kneller. 

KNELLER.  Sir  Godfrey  K.  was  a  na- 
tive of  Lubeck  ;  but  ihQ  name  is  also  indi- 
genous to  England.  Knelle  is  a  topogra- 
phical word  of  uncertain  import,  and  a 
person  residhig  at  such  a  spot  would  be 
called  At-Knelle  or  Kneller.  The  name  was 
formerly  very  common  in  E.  Sussex,  and 
may  have  been  derived  from  Great  Knell, 
in  the  parish  of  Beckley.  See  Thorpe's 
Catalogue  of  Battel  xVbbey  Charters. 

KNEVETT.     KNYVETT.     See  under 

Knife. 

KNIFE.  Ferguson  says  from  Cniva, 
an  early  Gothic  name,  of  which  he  con- 
siders Knevett  a  diminutive.     Knif.     H.R. 

KNIGHT.     1.  Applied,  not  to  a  person 

who  actually  possessed  knighthood,  but  by 
way  of  sobriquet.  See  Lord,  &c.  See  also 
Eng.  Surn.  i.  13-1.  2.  Perhaps  a  more  pro- 
bable derivation  is  immediately  from  the 
A-Sax.  cniht.  a  servant,  youth,  military 
follower.  The  A-Sax.  cmht-hdd  implies, 
not  the  modern  idea  of  knighthood,  but 
the  period  between  childhood  and  manhood. 
See  Bosworth.  The  H.E.  forms  are  Le 
Knigt,  Kniht,  Le  Knit,  Le  Knyt. 

KNIGHTLEY.  The  fii-st  known  an- 
cestor is  Eainald,  mesne  Lord  of  Knightley, 
CO.  Stafford,  imder  Earl  Roger,  temji. 
William  the  Conqueror.  Domesd.  Fawsley 
Hall,  CO.  Northampton,  the  seat  of  the 
present  baronet,  was  acquired  by  purchase, 
temp.  Henry  V.  Baker's  Northampton- 
shire.    Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

KNIGHTON.  Pai-ishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Dorset,  Leicester,  Stafford,  "\^'orcester,  &c. 


KNO 


182 


KNILL.  Sir  John,  a  younger  son  of  the 
unfortunate  William  de  Braose,  temp. 
King  John,  having  received  from  his 
father  the  manor  of  Kuylle  or  Kuill,  in  the 
marches  of  Wales  (co.  Hereford),  adopted 
De  Kuill  as  his  surname.  Kuill  of  Knill 
became  extinct  in  the  XVII.  cent. 

KNIPE.  A  mountain  in  Ayrsliire — parish 
of  New  Crunnock. 

KNIVETON.  KNYVETON.  A.  parish 
in  Derbyshire.  The  extinct  baronet  family 
descended  from  Sir  Mattliew  de  Kniveton, 
•who  flourished  in  that  county  temp.  Ed- 
ward I.     Lysons'  Derbyshire. 

KNOCK.  A  hill ;  a  knoll.  Celtic  and 
Gaelic,  cnoc,  coUis.  De  la  Knocke.  H.R. 
See  Knox. 

KNOCKNAILE.  Probably  a  sobriquet 
applied  to  a  hammer-man  of  some  descrip- 
tion. A  family  of  this  name  in  Wiltshire 
were  enriched  by  the  spoliation  of  the  mon- 
asteries by  Henry  VIII.,  and  an  old  tradi- 
tional rhyme  thus  records  them  and  some 
of  their  neighbours : — 
"  HoPTON-,  Horner,  Smyth,  Kxocknaile, 

aud  Thynne  ; 
When  Abbats  went  out,  they  came  in." 

Auhrci/s  Lives,  vol.  ii.  p.  3G2. 

KNOLL.     See  Knowles. 

KNOLLYS.  For  the  etymology  see 
Knowles.  The  founder  of  the  family,  a 
person  of  humble  origin,  was  the  famous 
Sir  Robert  KnoUys,  who,  after  the  battle  of 
Poictiers  had  established  the  supremacy  of 
the  English  in  France,  greatly  enriched 
himself  by  incursions  into  that  country, 
where  he  was  known  as  "  the  very  Devil 
for  fighting "  (Ic  veritahle  Dcvion  de  la 
Guerre).  The  following  distich  by  a  con- 
temporary poet  records  his  prowess. 

"  0   EOBERTE    KnOLLIS,     PER    TE   FIT 
FrANCIA   MOLLIS; 
EXSE    TUO    TOI.LIS    PR.EDAS,    DANS 
VULNERA  COLLIS." 

0  Robert  Knowles,  the  stubbom  souls 

Of  Frenchmen  well  you  check  ; 
Your  mighty  blade  has  largely  preyed, 

And  wounded  many  a  neck. 

BocUam  and  its  Lords,  p.  17. 

KNOTT.  The  Scandinavian  Cnut  or 
Canute,  a  personal  name.  Camden  says 
that  the  sandpiper  or  laiot-\nvA,  derives  its 
name  from  King  Canute.  Britannia,  971. 
And  Drayton  in  his  Polyolbion  sings — 

"  The  Knot  that  called  was  Canutus'  bird  of  old, 
Of  that   preat  King  of  Danes  his  name  that  still 

doth  hold ; 
His  appetite  to  please  that  far  and  near  was  sought. 
For  him,  as  some  have  said,  from  Denmark  hither 

brought." 

A  Cnut  appears  in  the  Domesd.  of  Derby, 
Nottingham,  and  York,  and  he  was  evi- 
dently either  a  Dane  or  of  Danish  ex- 
traction. 

"  Our  surname  of  Knot,  being  so  made  by 
abbreviation,  some  say  should  more  rightly 
be  Kanut."     Verstegau. 

KNOWLER.     A  resident  at  a  hioll  or 
bill.     See  termination  er. 


KOE 

KNOAVSLEY.  A  toAvnship  in  Lanca- 
shire, anciently  Kuouselegh.  The  family 
possessed  the  estate  temp.  Edward  II.,  if 
not  earlier. 

KNOWLE.  KNOAVLES.  Localities 
in  many  counties  are  so  called,  from  A-Sax. 
c7ioll  a  knoll,  hill,  or  summit ;  a  little 
rouud  hill.     See  KnoUys. 

KNOWLTON.     A  parish  in  Kent. 

KNOX.  From  the  lands  of  Knocks  or 
Knox,  CO.  Renfrew.  Knock,  Gael.,  a  round- 
topped  hill.  The  Knoxes  were  of  that  Ilk 
at  an  early  period,  and  sometimes  wrote 
themselves  of  Ranfurly,  whence  the  family 
of  Knox,  Earls  of  Ranfurly  in  Ireland. 
The  great  Reformer  was  of  this  family. 

KNYFESMITH.     See  Smith. 

KNYVETT.  According  to  Camden  this 
name  is  a  corruption  of  Buhevif,  and  Le- 
land  derives  it  from  Dunnevit,  that  is  Dun- 
neheved,  the  original  name  of  Launceston, 
in  Cornwall.  It  is  said  that  Othomarus, 
lord  of  the  castle  and  town  of  Launceston, 
took  up  arms  against  William  the  Con- 
queror, and  was  deprived  of  his  possessions, 
which  were  afterwards  restored  to  him  on 
his  marriage  with  a  daughter  of  William 
Dammartin,  a  Norman.  His  descendants 
took  the  name  of  De  Knyvetor  De  Knevet. 
See  Burke's  Ext.  Barts.  Knivet,  Knivat, 
and  Knjvet,  as  well  as  De  Knyvet,  are 
found  in  H.R. 

KOE.  This  surname  may  be  the  0-Sax., 
North  Frisian,  and  Danish  ko,  a  cow.  Mr. 
Ferguson,  after  alluding  to  surnames  de- 
rived from  the  bear,  the  wolf,  the  boar,  the 
horse,  and  the  dog,  and  giviug  a  rationale 
of  their  origin,  says  :  "  But  the  cow — the 
innocent  and  ungainly  cow — what  is  there 
in  her  usefid  and  liomely  life  that  could 
inspire  seutiments  of  reverence  in  a  fierce 
and  warlike  people?  The  honour  which 
was  paid  to  her  was  from  a  more  ancient 
and  a  more  deeply-seated  source.  From 
the  time  when  Israel,  tainted  v^'ith  Egyp- 
tiou  superstition,  set  up  a  golden  calf,  and 
said,  '  These  be  thy  gods  which  brought 
thee  out  of  the  land  of  Egj^t '— and  from 
who  can  tell  how  many  ages  before  that 
time,  the  cow  as  the  type  of  the  teeming 
mother  earth,  has  been  an  object  of 
human  idolatry.  In  tlie  Northern  system 
of  mythology  she  is  not,  like  the  bear,  the 
wo]f,"or  the  boar,  sacred  to  any  particular 
divinity,  but  appears — in  what  seems  to  be 
a  fragment  of  a  more  ancient  myth — as 
mysteriously  connected  with  the  first  cause 
and  origin  of  all  things.  Grimm  has  re- 
marked (Dciitsch  Myth.  p.  631),  that  the 
Sanscrit  and  Persian  words  for  a  cow  cor- 
respond with  a  word  signifying  the  earth. 
Aud  he  further  observes  upon  the  connec- 
tion between  Rinda,  a  name  for  the  earth  in 
Northern  mythology,  and  the  Germ,  rind, 
an  ox.  I  am  unable,  in  the  absence  of 
proof  derived  from  corresponding  ancient 
names,  to  say  whether  any  of  our  names 
deri\-ed  from  the  cow  are  to  be  referred  to 
this  remote  origin." 


LAC 


183 


LAD 


KYAN,    A  corruption  of  OCalian.    The 

ancestors  of  the  famil)'  "vvere  anciently 
princes  of  Derry,  aud  a  younger  liranch  of 
the  royal  O'Neills.  The  Irish  annals 
mention  a  Kian,  king  of  Desmond,  in 
lOU. 

KYDD.     SeeKidd. 

KYFFIN.  A  Welsh  name.  Cyffin  in 
that  language,  implies  a  limit  or  abut- 
ment. The  surname  is  therefore  probably 
local. 

KYLE.  A  topographical  term  implying 
a  sound  or  strait.     Jamieson. 

KYME.  The  founder  of  this  lamily 
founded  also  the  Priory  of  Bolinton,  co. 
Lincoln,  temp.  King  Stephen.  The  Kymes 
"  assumed  tlie  surname  from  a  fair  lord- 
sliip,  the  principal  place  of  their  residence, 
in  Kesteven,  in  the  county  of  Lincoln." 
Burke's  Ext.  Peerage.  The  barony  of 
Kyme  is  in  abeyance. 

KYMYEL.     A   place  in  the  parish  of 


Paul,  CO.  Cornwall,  anciently  the  residence 
of  the  family.     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

KYNASTON.  "The  Kynastons,"  says 
Mr.  Shirley,  "  are  lineal  descendants  of  the 
ancient  British  princes  of  Powys,  sprung 
from  Griffith,  sou  of  Jorweth  Goch,  who 
took  refuge  in  Shropshire "  temp.  Henry 
II.,  who  gave  him  lands  in  that  county,  "to 
be  held  in  capite  by  the  sen-ice  of  being 
latimer  (that  is  interpreter)  between  the 
English  and  the  Welsh.  He  married 
Matilda,  youngest  sister  and  coheir  of  Ralph 
le  Strange,  and  in  her  right  became  pos- 
sessed of  the  manor  of  Kiuuerley  and  other 
estates  in  Shropshire.  Madoc,  the  eldest 
son  of  Griffith,  seated  himself  at  Sutton, 
from  him  called  to  this  day  Sutton-Madoc. 
Griffith  Vychan,  the  younger  son,  had  Kin- 
nerlej',  a  portion  of  his  mother's  inheri- 
tance, and  in  that  manor  he  resided,  at 
Tre-gynvarth,  Anglice  '  K}-nvarth's  Town,' 
u.?ualiy  written  and  spoken  of  as  Kijnaston; 
and  hence  the  name  of  this  family."  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men,  p.  183. 


L. 


L 


xVBORER.  Fr.  lahoreur,  a  plough- 
man, or  perhaps  more  generally  a  husband- 
man of  an}'  kind. 

LABOUCHERE.  This  family  left 
France  at  the  Kevocation  of  the  Edict  of 
Nantes,  and  became  established  in  Holland. 
The  first  settler  in  England  Avas  Peter  Cassar 
Labouchere,  Esq.,  who  purchased  estates 
in  Essex  and  Somerset,  and  died  in  1839. 

LACER.     A  lace-maker. 

LACESTER.  A  corruption  of  Lan- 
chester,  a  parish  in  Cheshire. 

LAC.  Perhaps  the  Fr.  Du  Lac,  "  of  the 
lake." 

LACKEY.  A  personal  attendant,  a  foot- 
man. 

LACKIKGTOX.  A  parish  in  co. 
Somerset. 

LACOCK  or  LAYCOCK.  A  parish  in 
Wiltshire,  famous  for  its  alibey. 

LACON,  A  township  iu  the  parish  of 
Wem,  CO.  Salop. 

LACEY.     See  Lacy. 

LACY.  Roger  de  Laci,  eldest  son  of 
Walter  de  L.,  came  over  with  William  the 
Conqueror,  and  was  rewarded  with  the 
tenure  in  capite  of  IIG  lordships.  To 
Ilbert  de  Laci  the  Conqueror  gave  the 
castle  and  town  of  Pontefract,  co.  York, 


with  164  lordships.  Kelham's  Domesday. 
The  two  were  probably  related,  though  the 
degree  of  kindred  is  unknown.  The  Itine- 
raire  de  la  Nonnandie  mentions  a  place 
called  Lassi,  iu  the  department  of  Calvados, 
which,  as  Ordericus  Vitalis  latinizes  it 
Laceium,  is  probaby  the  cradle  of  this  re- 
nowned and  noble  surname,  to  which  no 
less  than  35  coats  of  arms  are  ascribed  in 
the  Encyc.  Herald. 

LADBRORE.  The  Warwickshire 
parish  so  called  is  a  tolerably  satisfactory 
origin  :  but  it  may  be  a  personal  name.  It 
was  the  daughter  of  Lodbrok  the  Dane 
who  wove  the  famous  Eaven  Standard, 
which  always  announced  victory  to  the 
Scandinavian  marauders  by  fluttering  like 
a  living  bird.  Asser's  King  Alfred,  Hon. 
Hist.  Bnt.  p.  481. 

LADBROOK.     See  Ladbroke. 

L.IDD.  A  low  common  person — a  ple- 
beian. "Tomake  lordes  of  ^«f^6?cs."  Piers 
Ploughman. 

LADDS.     See  Lade. 

LADE.  See  Lathe.  In  Norfolk  it  means 
also  a  watercourse  or  drain.  The  old 
family  of  this  name  in  Kent  and  Sussex, 
though  retaining  the  true  orthography, 
pronounce  it  corruptly  Ladds.  In  0.  Eng- 
lish and  Scotch,  a  lade  means  a  canal  or 
duct  for  water.  The  forms  in  H.R.  are  De 
Lade  and  De  la  Lade. 


L  AL 


184 


LAM 


LADY.  There  are  several  surnames 
of  which  this  word  forms  part,  and  for 
■which  I  cannot  account,  except  upon  the 
supposition  that  they  are  derived  from 
some  oath  or  invocation  involving  the 
name  of  "  Our  Lady,"  the  Virgin  Mary. 
They  are  Ladyman,  Tiplady,  Taplady, 
Toplady,  and,  strangest  of  all,  Godlove- 
milady  !  Shakelady  is  a  known  corrup- 
tion of  Shackerley.  In  the  H.E.  we 
have  a  Roger  Ducedame  or  Sweetlady, 
and  the  Registrar  General's  cabinet  of 
curiosities  shows  us  a  recent  or  existing 
Lovelady. 

LADYMAN.     See  Lady. 

LAFOREY.  La  Foret— Forest.  John 
Laforey,  only  son  and  heir  of  Louis  Laforey, 
and  nephew  of  the  Marquis  de  la  Foret  of 
the  province  of  Poitou,  came  mto  England 
with  King  William  III.  and  was  made 
governor  of  Pendenuis  Castle,  co  Cornwall. 
His  son  was  created  a  baronet. 

LAGGAN.     A  parish  in  Liveniess-shire. 

LAHEY.     LAHEE.     Gael.  leighicJie,  a 

physician.     Arthur. 
LAIDENHEAD.         Danish    lodinhofd, 

"  shaggy  head." 
LAIDLER.     Probably   a   corruption   of 

Laidlaw,  a  local  name. 

LAIDMAN  (or  Lademan).  1.  "A 
man  who  has  the  charge  of  a  horse-load  or 
of  a  pack  horse.  T/te  Bruce.  2.  The  ser- 
vant belonging  to  a  milu,  who  has  the 
charge  of  driving  the  loads  to  the  owners, 
as  well  as  of  lifting  them  up.  S."  Jamie- 
son.  3.  Dan.  lade,  a  barn.  A  barn-man, 
equivalent  perhaps  to  Granger,  which  see. 

LAING.     A-Sax.  lang.,  long  ;   applied  to 

a  tall  person. 
LAIMSON.     The  sou  of  Alain  or  Alan. 

LAIRD.     The  Scottish  form  of  Lord. 

^p°  LAKE.  A  termination  of  many  names 
of  places  and  families,  as  Kerslake, 
Shiplake,  Aslake,  Timberlake,  West- 
lake,  Eastlake.  Probably  not  from 
lacus,  a  lake,  as  no  consideralile  body  of 
Waaler  exists  in  some  of  the  localities  so 
called ;  but  either  from  lalw  as  applied 
to  any  small  rivulet  in  the  western 
counties,  or  from  a  hard  pronunciation 
of  the  A- Sax.  Icag,  territory  or  district. 

LAKE.     In  the  West,  any  small  rivulet ; 

also  a  parish   in   Wiltshire,   united  with 

Wilsford.     De  Lacu,  De  Lake,  De  la  Lake, 

Atte  Lake.   H.R. 

LAKEMAiST.     See  Lake  and  man. 
LAKER.     See  Lake  and  er. 
LAKIIST.     Perhaps   Lacon,  a  township  in 

Salop. 

LALOR  Formerly  OLalor.  Of  an- 
cient Irish  extraction.  They  migrated  from 
Ulster  to  the  district  of  Leix  in  the  Queen's 
Co.  with  the  0" Mores,  under  whom  they 
became  influential  chieftains.     B.L.G. 


LAMACRAFT.     Probably   Lamcroft,  a 

hamlet  in  Lincolnshire. 

LAMB  LAMBE.  Charles  Lamb  asks, 
"  AMio  first  imposed  thee,  gentle  name?" 
and  jumps,  or  rather  skips,  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  his  ancestors  were  shepherds  ;  but 
there  is  little  doubt  that  the  surname  was 
derived  from  a  common  sign  of  houses. 
The  Second  Person  in  the  Trinity,  in  allu- 
sion to  the  passage  of  scripture,  "  Behold 
the  Lamb  of  God,  &c.,"  is  often  in  medieval 
art  pourtrayed  as  a  lamb  bearing  a  small 
banner  ensigned  with  a  cross.  This  device 
usually  known  as  the  '  Holy  Lamb '  was 
frequently  adopted  as  a  sign,  and,  although 
its  sacred  origin  is  forgotten,  many  a  coun- 
try public-house  is  still  known  hj  it.  Lamb 
and  Le  Lamb.     H.R. 

LAMBARD.  LOMBARD,  A  native 
of  Lombardy  in  Italy.  In  the  middle  ages 
the  Lombards  were  great  traffickers  in 
money  and  the  precious  metals,  and  Lom- 
bard Street  in  London  derives  its  name 
from  them.  This  name  is  sometimes  con- 
founded with  Lambert. 

LAMBERT.  1.  From  the  A-Sax.  per- 
sonal name.  2.  From  Lambert-sur-Dive, 
or  Lambert-sur-Orne  in  Normandy.  The 
foi'mer  is  the  more  i^robable,  as  we  have 
other  family  names  apparently  derived  from 
it,  as  Lampson,  Lampkin,  &c.  Some  of 
the  Lamberts  of  L'eland  seem,  however,  to 
have  used  the  local  prefix  De  ;  and  they  are 
said  to  have  settled  in  that  country  temp. 
Henry  II. 

LAiNIBETH      A  parish  in  Surrey. 

LAMBKIN.     A  diminutive  of  Lambert. 

LAjMBLEY.  Parishes  in  cos.  Notting- 
ham and  Northumberland. 

LAMBOLL.  A  corruption  of  the  O. 
Germ,  name  Lambold. 

LAMBOURNE.  An  estate  in  the  parish 
of  Perran  Zabuloe,  co.  Cornwall,  which  was 
possessed  by  the  family  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  II.  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall.  Also 
parishes,  &c.,  in  Berkshire  and  Essex. 

LAjMBSIIEAD.  a  Scottish  local  sur- 
name. 

LA^MBTON.  According  to  Surtees,  this 
noble  family  (Earls  of  Durham)  spring  from 
Robert  de  L.,  lord  of  Lambton,  in  1314. 
There  was  a  John  de  Lambton  who 
iiourished  before  1200,  but  descent  from 
him  is  not  proved.  Hist.  Durham,  ii.  174. 
The  family  have  been  characterized  as  the 
"  Lamb-like  Lambtoxs." 

LAIMBURN.     See  Lambourne. 

LAMELIN.  An  estate  in  the  parish  of 
Lantegloss  near  Fowey,  anciently  the 
seat  of  the  family.  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Corn- 
wall. 

LAIMMAS.  1.  From  the  season,  like 
Christmas,  &c.  2.  A  parish  in  Norfolk  so 
called.  Lammasse  occurs  -without  prelix  in 
H.R. 

LAMOND.  The  llighlaiid  clan,  origin- 
ally  called   Mac   Laman,  descended  from 


LAN 


185 


LAN 


Laumanus  filius   Malcolrai   in   the   XIII. 
cent. 

LAINIONT.  1  Possibly  from  Launiont, 
in  tlie  arrondissement  of  Yire  in  Lower 
Normandy.  2.  The  family  of  Lamont  of 
Lamout,  co.  Avgyle,  date  from  tlie  XI.  cent. 
Interesting  details  of  tliera  are  given  in 
Skene's  Highland  Clans.     B.L.G. 

LAMOTT.     See  Delamotte. 

LAMPEiST.  A  Cornish  surname,  probably 

the  same  as  Lampenc. 
LAMPENC.     A  manor  in  Cornwall. 

LAjNIPKEST.  See  Lambert,  and  the  ter- 
mination KIN. 

LAiNIPLAW.  A  corruption  of  Lamp- 
lugh,  a  i^arish  in  Cumberland. 

LAIMPLOE.     See  Lamplugh. 

LAMPLUGH.  A  parish  in  Cumberland, 
the  residence  of  the  family,  "  a  race  of 
valourous  gentlemen  successively  for  their 
worthyuess  knyglited  in  the  field,  all  or 
most  of  them."  Old  account  quoted  in 
Hutchinson's  Cumberland.  The  family 
were  in  possession  temp.  Henry  II.     Ibid. 

LAISTPORT.  A  parish  in  Northampton- 
shire. An  estate  now  called  Landport  at 
Lewes,  Sussex,  had  owners  called  Lamport 
temp.  Edw.  III. 

L AMPRELL.  Cotgvave  has  "  Zamjmllon, 
a  lamprill  or  little  lamprey  " — the  fish  so 
fatal  to  Henry  I. 

LAMPREY.     The  fish. 

LAMSON.     See  Lambert. 

L'AMY.     Fr.  L'Ajni,  "  the  friend."    Tlie 
family    of    this   name   at   Duukenny,    co. 
Forfar,  is  of  considerable  antiquity,  and  the 
surname  is  traced  back  in  the  Scotch  Ex- 
chequer Eecords  to  1329.    B.L.G.     Lamye 
was  the  name  of  a  Frenchman  settled  in 
Sussex  temp.  Elizabeth. 
f^°  LAN.  LLAN.    Very  common  prefixes 
to   names  of  localities  in  Cornwall  and 
AV'ales.     It  signifies  church,  as  in  Llan- 
thony,   Llanstephan,  Lauherne,  Lanhi- 
drock,  &c. 

LANCASTER.  The  chief  town  of  Lan- 
cashire. 

LANCE.  A  soldier  armed  with  that 
weapon.  In  early  times  there  was  a  regular 
force  of  light  horsemen  called  from  their 
offensive  arms  demi-lances.  Some  com- 
pounds occur  as  surnames  ;  e.g.  Shakelance, 
Bruselance,  &c. 

LANCELIN.  An  A. -Norm,  personal 
name. 

LANCHENICK.  There  are  so  many 
places  in  Cornwall  beginning  with  Lan- 
and  tei-minating  with  -cJi  (e.  g.  Landawid- 
nick,  Lanhidrock,  Lanock,  &c.),  that  I 
had  arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  this  name 
was  derived  from  some  manor  or  haiion  in 
that  county.  The  family  however  assert  a 
German  origin  for  their  name,  which  they 
affirm  should  rightly  bo  Lanz-hnccM,  lance- 
2  ii 


knight,  lancer,  analogous  to  our  Indigenous 
Spearman,  Bilhnan,  &c.  Their  crest  favours 
this  derivation,  being  a  lion  ramipant,  hold- 
ing a  broken  lance.  Inform.  W.  B.  Paul, 
Esq.  I;ance-Knight  is  used  by  old  authors 
in  the  sense  of  a  foot-soldier,  "  Lasquenet, 
alaucc-knight,  or  German  footman."  Cot- 
grave.  "  Our  Lansquenight  of  Lowe-Ger- 
manie."  Dckker's  Knight's  Conjuring. 
Blount  however  makes  the  lance-knight  of 
the  equestrian  order.  "Lance-knights" 
says  he,  "  were  anciently  such  horsemen  in 
war  as  svere  armed  with  lances."  See  Hal- 
liwcll. 

LANDE.  LAND.  Fr.  lande,  a  heath 
or  moor.  La  Lande  is  a  very  common 
designation  of  localities  in  Normandy, 

LANDELLS.  Landelles,  a  place  in  the 
arrondissement  of  Vire,  in  Lower  Nor- 
mandy. 

LANDER.  In  Cornw.all  and  Devon  the 
man  who  is  stationed  at  the  mouth  of  the 
shaft  of  a  mine  to  receive  the  kibble  or 
bucket.  The  Landers,  well-known  as 
African  explorers,  were  natiA'es  of  Corn- 
wall.    But  see  Landor. 

LANDLORD.  This  name  is  found  in 
H.E.,  in  the  orthography  now  employed. 

LANDON.  A  township  in  Northum- 
berland. 

LANDOR.  The  family  of  the  poet, 
whose  ancestors  wrote  them.selvcs  Lauude 
and  Launder,  claim  to  derive  from  the  an- 
cient family  of  De  la  Launde.  The  sup- 
pression of  the  preiix  and  the  addition  of 
the  final  E,  has  many  analogies.  See  ter- 
mination ER. 

LANDSEER.  One  who  over-looks  or 
superintends  land  for  another ;  a  bailiff. 

LANE.  "In  the  Lane"  and  "By  the 
Lane,"  as  well  as  "InLana,"  "AdLanam," 
"  De  la  Lane,"  occur  in  medieval  documents, 
and  the  name  might  therefore  be  reason- 
ably considered  as  derived  from  residence 
in  such  a  situation;  but  the  Lanes  of  King's- 
Bromley,  according  to  B.L.G.,  claim  a 
Norman  oi-igiual  from  a  Sir  Eeginald  de 
Lone,  who  flourished  in  the  XII.  cent. 

LANER.  From  residence  in  a  lane.  See 
EB.    Le  Laner.     H.E. 

LANFEAR.     See  Lanphear. 

gp^  LANG.  A  common  prefix  to  names 
of  places  which  have  become  surnames, 
as  in  Langhourne,  Langshaw,  Laugton, 
Laugridge,  Langford,  Langdale,  i.e., 
respectively,  the  long  stream,-  wood, 
-enclosure,  -ridge,  -ford,  -dale. 

LANG.  LANGE.  A-Sax  and  O.  Eng 
Long,  tall.     Also  local.   De  Lang.  H.E. 

LANGBEARD.  The  peculiarities  of 
fashion  in  beards  have  given  rise  to  several 
surnames.  In  this  instance  the  original 
bearer  affected  a  long  or  patriarchal  adorn- 
ment of  his  face. 

LANGDALE.  Two  or  three  places  in 
Westmoreland,  are  so  called.     The  family 


LAN 


186 


LAP 


of  the  Lords  Laugdale  (1658)  held  the 
manor  of  Langdale  in  the  hundred  of  Pick- 
ering before  the  time  of  King  John. 

LANGDON.  Parishes  in  Kent,  Essex, 
&c.  The  Langdons  of  Cornwall  derive  from 
Langdon  in  the  parish  of  Jacol^stow,  their 
ancient  patrimony.  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Corn- 
wall. 

LANGFORD.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Bed- 
ford, Berks,  Norfolk,  Essex,  Somerset,  Not- 
tingham,Wilts,&c.  The  Cornish  famil)^  derive 
from  Roger  de  Langford,  sheriff  of  Cornwall 
in  1225,  who  took  his  surname  from  his 
estate  of  Langford  in  the  parish  of  Mar- 
ham  Chui-ch.     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

LAISTGHAM.  There  are  places  called 
Langham  in  cos.  Essex,  Suffolk,  Norfolk, 
and  Rutland.  The  baronet's  family  origin- 
ated in  the  last-mentioned  count)'.  In  10. 
Edward  I.  Henry  de  Langham  held  three 
carucates  of  land  in  Langham,  and  from 
him  the  pedigree  is  regularly  deduced. 

LANGHERNE.  A  Cornish  family, 
doubtless  of  the  same  origin  as  Lanherne, 
which  see.  To  this  family  belonged  the 
gigantic  Cromwellian  soldier,  John  Lang- 
herne,  who  is  said  to  have  been  seven  feet 
six  inches  in  height,  and  proportionably 
active  and  strong.  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Corn- 
wall. 

LANGLEY.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Durham,  Essex,  Kent,  Leicester,  Norfolk, 
Oxford,  Salop,  AVorwick,  Wilts,  Derby, 
Buckingham,  &c. 

LANGLOIS.  Fr.  rAnglois,  "the  English- 
man." An  importation  from  Fj-ance,  where 
it  is  as  common  a  surname  as  '  French  '  is 
"with  ourselves. 

LANGMAN.  See  Lang  and  Longman  ; 
a  person  of  gi'eat  stature. 

LANGiNIEAD.  Occurs  in  ILR.  temp. 
Edw.  I.  as  De  Longo  Prato,  '  of  tlie  long 
meadow,'  and  a  hamlet  of  that  name  is 
mentioned  in  the  same  record.  Li  the 
XIV.  cent,  it  is  found  in  co.  Devon,  where 
it  has  since  flourished  in  fourteen  different 
modes  of  spelling,  the  principal  of  which 
are  Langemede,  Laugmade,  Laugmaid,  and 
Longmead.     Inf.  T.  P.  Langmead,  Esq. 

LAjSTGRIDGE.  a  parish  in  Somerset- 
shire. The  Langridgcs  of  Sussex  appear  to 
be  indigenous  to  that  count)',  and  the  name 
De  Langrigg  is  found  there  in  the  XIV. 
cent. 

LANGRISIL  A  place  in  the  parish  of 
East  Meon,  co.  Hants. 

L ANGST AFF.  "Long  staff. "  The 
first  bearer  carried  such  a  weapon.  John 
o'the  Lang-Staffe — a  medieval  sobriquet. 
There  is  a  Will.  Longstaf  in  H.R. 

LANGSTON.     A  parish  in  Hampshire. 

LANGTOFT.  A  parish  in  Lincoln- 
shire. 

LANGTOi^.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Durham,  Westmoreland,  Lincoln,  York, 
Leicester,  Dorset,  &c. 


LANGWITH.  A  parish  In  Derbysliire, 
and  townships  in  cos.  York  and  Notting- 
ham. 

LANGWORTH,  A  hamlet  in  Lmcoln- 
shire. 

LA  Nil  AM.  Lavenham  co.  Suffolk  is 
sometimes  so  written. 

LANIIERiSrE.     A  manor  in  the  parish 

of  St.  Mawgan  in  Cornwall,  where  a  family 
called  Pincerna  settled,  and  adopted  the 
local  name  as  their  surname.  They  became 
extinct  in  the  elder  line  temj).  Edward  I. 
C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

LAXINE.     A  well-known  corruption  of 

Lanyou,  which  see. 

LANKESTER.     See  Lancaster. 

LANKIN.  A  diminutive  of  Leonard, 
which  see,  as  also  the  termination  KIN. 

LANPHEAR.  Gael,  lann-fear^  a  pike- 
man.     Arthur. 

LANSDALE.     Tlie  same  as  Lonsdale. 

LANSDELL.  Probably  the  same  as 
Lansdale  or  Lonsdale. 

LANSDOWNE.  A  plain  near  Bath, 
famous  for  a  great  battle  between  the  forces 
of  Charles  I.  and  the  Parliamentary  army, 
1643. 

LANSELATT.  A  corruption  of  Launce- 
lot. 

LANYOiSr.  From  the  town  of  Lannion 
in  Brittany.  The  family  settled  in  Corn- 
wall temp.  Edw.  II.  Their  estate  in  that 
county  also  bore  the  name  of  Lanyon,  and 
their  arms  are  almost  identical  with  those 
of  the  French  town.  As  the  estate,  which 
lies  in  the  parish  of  Gwinnear,  bore  that 
name  previously  to  their  ownership,  the 
coincidence  is  curious.  There  are  however 
many  other  instances  of  identity  in  Breton 
and  Cornish  local  names.  See  C.  S.  Gil- 
bert's Cornwall,  i.  120.  "  The  Cornish  and 
Armoric  dialects,"  says  Dr.  Price,  "  are  the 
most  nearly  allied  in  character,  orthograph)'', 
and  sound  of  any  two  of  the  British  (Celtic) 
dialects."  Ibid.  Hals,  in  Davies  Gilbert's 
Cornwall,  ii.  142,  says  "the  first  propagators 
of  this  family  in  Cornwall,  came  with  many 
other  French  gentlemen  into  England  with 
Isabella,  wife  of  King  Edw.  II.,  and  settled 
themselves  in  these  parts,"  and  adds  that 
they  "  still  give  the  arms  of  that  town 
(Lanyon  in  Brittany)  for  their  paternal 
coat-armour,  viz. :  in  a  field  Sable,  a  castle 
Argent  standing  on  n-aves  oftlie  sea  Azwe  ; 
over  the  same  a  falcon  hovering  with  bells." 
Whitaker  believes  that  the  towm  of  Lannion 
bears  only  a  castle  for  its  cognizance,  and 
that  the  falcon  was  added  on  account  of 
shnilarity  of  sound  to  Lanner,  the  favourite 
bird  in  falconry.  Mr.  D.  Gilbert  observes, 
however,  that  the  surname  is  always  in 
Cornwall  pronounced  Lanine.  L^t  sup. 
143. 

LAPHAjM.  Proliably  Lopham,  co.  Nor- 
folk. 

LA  POER.     See  Power. 


LAS 


187 


LAT 


LA  PRIMAUDAYE.  This  family,  pre- 
viously renowned  in  France,  settled  in 
this  country  as  Protestant  refugees  after 
the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  1685. 
In  1699,  Gabriel  de  la  '.'riuKUulayc,  seigneur 
de  la  Goyere  near  Montagne  in  Poitou,  was 
resident  in  London. 

LAPWORTH.  A  parish  in  co.  War- 
wick. 

LARDER.  Probably  the  same  as  Lard- 
ner,  which  see. 

LARDNER.  A  swineherd,  or  rather  the 
person  who  superintended  the  i^annage  of 
hogs  in  a  forest.  Eng.  Surn.  But  Kel- 
ham  (Norm.  Fr.  Diet.)  says,  "  the  ofilicer  in 
the  king's  household  who  presided  over  the 
larder."  "\Miichever  alternative  the  etymo- 
logical reader  may  choose,  he  is  certain  to 
'save  his  bacon,'  since  the  word  larder,  as 
applied  to  the  victualling  department  of  a 
house,  is  derived  from  the  Fr.  lard,  because 
bacon  was  the  principal  article  therein 
deposited. 

LARGE.  Stout,  big  ;  the  antithesis  of 
Small. 

LARKB.  The  bird  ;  perhaps,  however, 
a  nickname  of  Lawrence,  whence  Larkin 
and  Lark  ins. 

LARKIN.      LARKIXG.      LARKIXS. 

See  Lawrence. 

LARMOUTII.     See  Learmouth. 

LARNED.  Learned — a  man  of  scholar- 
ship.    (America.) 

EARNER.  Not  discipulus,  but  a  keeper 
of  bacon.     See  Lardner. 

LAROCHE.  Fr.  la  roche,  the  rock.  See 
Eock.  "  Peter  Crothaire,  of  the  province 
of  Bordeaux,  came  into  England  in  the 
train  of  George,  Prince  of  Denmark,  and  at 
the  desire  of  his  master  assumed  the  name 
of  Laroche."  His  grandson,  James  Laroche, 
was  created  a  baronet  in  1776.  Burke's 
Ext.  Barts. 

LARPENT  Fr.  arpenf,  an  acre  of  land. 
L'arpent,  "  the  acre."'  It  is  not  very  easy  to 
account  for  its  adoption  as  a  surname, 
though  there  are  analogies  in  Halfacre, 
Fouracre,  and  other  family  names. 

L ARRANGE.  A  vulgar  pronunciation 
of  Lawrence. 

LARRY.  1.  A  nickname  of  Lawrence. 
2,  A  place  in  the  arrondissemeut  of  Alen- 
9on  in  Normandy. 

LARWILL.  Said  to  be  a  corruption  of  La 
Yille,  which  is  probable — far  more  so  than 
the  tradition  which  states  that  the  patri- 
arch of  the  family  came  over  with  the 
Conqueror.  It  is  said  that  when  the  latter, 
in  landing  at  Pevensey,  fell  upon  his  hands 
on  the  sand,  the  former  who  was  by,  uttered 
the  exclamation  "  La  Will !"  which  thence- 
forth became  his  cognomen ! 

LASBURY.  Lasborough,  a  parish 
united  with  Weston- Birt,  co.  Gloucester. 

LASCELLES.     The  family  ennobled  as 


Earls  of  Harewood  adopt  this  spelling, 
though  Lassells  appears  to  be  the  more 
ordinary  orthography.  In  the  Encyc. 
Herald,  only  three  coats  are  ascribed  to 
Lascelles,  but  nine  to  Lassells.  La  Lacelle 
is  a  place  in  the  arrondissement  of  Alen90n 
in  Normandy.  Some  genealogists  consider 
them  of  Breton  extraction.  IMr.  Shirley 
says  that  the  family  trace  to  John  de  Las- 
celles, of  Hinderskelfe,  now  called  Castle- 
Howard,  9,  Edward  II.  For  seven  gene- 
rations immediately  following,  they  were 
called  "  Lascelles  alias  Jachson."  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men  of  England.  Dns.  Hog's 
de  Laceles.     H.E. 

LASIIMAR.  Traditionally  said  to  be  a 
corruption  of  Lechmere. 

LATCHFORD.  A  hamlet  in  Oxford- 
shire. 

LATE.  Probably  a  sobriquet  given  on 
account  of  want  of  punctuality.  Its  oppo- 
site. Early,  is  also  a  surname,  but  that  is 
otherwise  accounted  for,  both  in  the  body 
of  this  Dictionary,  and  in  the  Appendix. 

LATER.     See  Latter. 

LATEWARD.  A  lathe  is  a  great  divi- 
sion or  part  of  a  county,  as  the  five  lathes 
of  Kent.  See  Lambarde's  Peramb.  of  Kent. 
Bailej^  defines  Lathreeve  as  an  officer  who 
had  authoritj'  over  a  lathe ;  and  reeve  aud 
ward  are  nearly  synonymous ;  e.g.  wood- 
reeve,  wood-ward.     See  Ward. 

LATHAjM.  Of  this  great  family,  whose 
name  is  derived  from  the  chapelry  of  La- 
thom  in  the  parish  of  Ormskirk,  Mr.  Or- 
merod  observes,  that  they  have  "  for  six 
centuries  presided,  with  little  interruption, 
over  the  civil  government  of  Lancashire," 
and  that  after  the  succession  of  the  house  of 
Stanley  to  the  representation  of  the  family, 
they  long  exercised  a  corresponding  in- 
fluence over  Cheshire."  The  pedigree 
usually  commences  with  EobertFitz-Henry, 
Lord  of  Lathom,  Avho  between  11 89  and 
1199  founded  Burscough  Priory;  but  Mr. 
Ormerod  has  successfully  proved  it  to  a 
period  almost,  if  not  quite  coeval  with  the 
Conquest,  thus  : — I.  Dunning — whether  a 
continued  possessor,  or  a  Norman  grantee, 
does  not  appear;  II.  SiwardFitz-Dunning; 
III.  Henry  Fitz-Siward ;  IV.  Eobert  Fitz- 
Henry,  above  mentioned.  The  patronymi- 
cal  Fitz  was  continued  until  about  the 
middle  of  the  XIII.  century,  when  the  fixed 
surname  of  De  Lathom  was  adopted.  See 
Ormerod's  Miscellanea  Palatina,  pp.  60, 
61,  62.  The  orthography  Latham  is  com- 
paratively modern. 

LATHBURY.  A  parish  in  Buckingham- 
shire. 

LATHE.  Danish  lade,  a  barn  or  gra- 
nar}'.  It  was  retained  in  medieval  English, 
and  it  is  still  used  in  the  northern  counties 
in  this  sense.  Gregory  atte  Lathe  occurs  in 
21  Richard  II. 

LATHOiNL     See  Latham. 

LATIINIER.  A  corruption  of  the  A. 
Norm,  lutinier,  a  speaker  of  Latin,  or  more 


LAU 


188 


loosely,  an  interpreter — the  terra  Latin 
having  been  formerly  applied,  as  Halliwell 
observes,  to  languages  in  general.  Sir  John 
]\Iaiindeville,  speaking  of  the  route  from 
Babylon  to  Sinai,  says :  "  And  men  alle 
weys  fynden  Latijneres  to  go  with  hem  in 
the  contrees,  and  ferthere  bezonde  in  to 
tyme  that  men  coune  the  language."  The 
noble  families  of  this  surname  are  descended 
according  to  the  Peerages,  from  Wrenock, 
the  son  of  Meirric,  who  held  certain  lands 
on  the  Welsh  border,  under  the  A.  Norman 
kings,  by  the  service  of  Ijeing  latimer,  or 
interpreter  between  the  Welsh  and  the 
English.  See  also  the  article  Kynaston. 
The  name  was  prefixed  by  Lc  for  several 
generations  after  its  adoption. 

LATOUCHE.  David-Digues  de  la 
Touche,  a  Huguenot,  settled  in  Ireland 
after  the  Kevocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 
He  was  a  scion  of  the  noble  house  of  Blesois, 
who  held  consideral^lc  lands  between  Blois 
and  Orleans.     B.L.Gr. 

LATTER.  A  lat  in  many  dialects  signi- 
fies a  lath,  from  the  A- Sax.  latta,  asseres; 
and  hence  it  has  been  conjectured  that  a 
Latter  means  a  lath-cleaver  or  splitter. 

LATTIX,  A  branch  of  the  family  of 
De  Latton,  of  Wiltshire,  settled  in  Ireland, 
temp.  King  John,  and  thus  corrupted  the 
name.  B.L.Gr.  The  De  Lattous  were  an 
offset  of  the  great  Norman  family  of  Stute- 
ville. 

LATUS.  A  mistaken  latinization  of 
Broad,  which  see.     It  is  still  in  use. 

LAUCHLAiSr.  A  Gaelic  personal  name, 
better  known  with  the  prefix  Mac. 

LAUD.     See  St.  Lo. 

LAUDER.  A  royal  bvirgh  In  Berwick- 
shire, which  gives  name  to  the  district  of 
Lauderdale. 

LAUGHER.  A  likely  sobriquet  for  a 
person  addicted  to  much  or  frequent  laugh- 
ter.    So  Singer,  Whistler,  &c. 

LAUGHTOX.  Parishes  in  cos.  Sus.sex, 
Leicester,  Lmcolu,  and  York. 

LA.UNCE.     See  Lance. 

LAUNCELOT.  Though  attributed  to 
an  ancient  British  hero,  tliis  name  is  appa- 
rently of  no  verj'  high  antiquity.  It  is 
probably  a  derivative  of  Lawrence. 

LAUNDE.  A  plain  place  In  a  wood ;  an 
unploughed  plain  ;  a  park,  a  lawn. 

"For  to  hunt  at  the  liarts  in  thas  hj-e  laumles. 
In    Glamorgane    Avith    glee,    tliare    gladchipe    was 
ever," — 

says  the  alliterati\'e  poem  of  Morte  Arthure. 
Halliwell. 

LAUNDER.  1.  A  corruption  of  La- 
vender. 2.  One  whose  residence  was  near 
a  Immd.     See  Launde  and  Landor. 

LAUREL.  One  can  hardly  deduce  this 
name  from  the  beautiful  tree  which  furnishes 
forth  the  victor's  crown ;  a  much  likelier 
derivation  is  from  the  A. -Norm,  lord,  a  bad, 
worthless,  fellow.     '  Cocke  Lorel '  was  for- 


LAW 

merly  a  generic  title  for  very  great  rascals 
— whence  the  celebrated  satirical  poem, 
"  Cock  Lord's  Bote,"  printed  by  Wynkyn 
de  Worde.     See  Halliwell. 

LAURENT.     A  French  modification  of 

Laurence. 
LAURIE.     A  northern   abbreviation  of 

Lawrence. 

LAUTOUR.  The  founder  of  the  family 
in  England  was  Jos.  Francois  Louis  de 
Lautour,  born  in  1730,  the  descendant  of 
an  ancient  Alsacian  family,  who  claimed 
from  a  certain  "  Sire  de  la  Tour,"  who  is 
said  to  have  flourished  about  A.D.  900. 
B.L.G. 

LAVA  CHE.  Fr.  "the  Cow"— either  a 
sobriquet  or  an  inn  sign.  Lavash is  another 
form  of  the  name,  which  seems  to  have  been 
an  early  importation  from  France.  See 
also  Levache  and  Koe. 

LAVENDER.  This  Is  one  of  the  nume- 
rous instances  occurring  in  our  family 
nomenclature  of  a  name's  'not  meaning 
what  it  says.'  As  we  have  many  surnames 
derived  from  the  vegetable  kingdom,  this 
might  well  be  associated  with  the  well- 
known  garden  herb  ;  but  it  comes  from  an 
entirely  different  source.  The  obsolete 
French  word  larandicr,  awasher-wirt??,  is  its 
real  parent ;  and  as  lavanderie,  wash-house, 
has  become  laundry,  so  has  this  surname 
become  further  corrupted  to  Launder  and 
Lander. 

In  the  Eotuli  Huudredorum  of  co.  Bed- 
ford, Ave  find  one  Alicia  la  Lavendar  holding 
a  messuage  and  a  rood  of  land  (doubtless 
her  "dr3'ing  ground")  at  the  annual  rent 
of  sixpence.     H.R.  temp.  Edw.  I. 

LAVER.  Three  parishes  In  Essex  are 
so  called. 

LAVERICK.  1.  Laveroch  Is  a  place  In 
the  parish  of  Coldingham,  co.  Berwick.  2. 
Perhaps  0.  Eng.  laverocli,  a  lark.  3.  But 
most  proi.iably  from  the  A-Sax.  personal 
name  Leofric. 

LAVEROCK.  O.  Eng.  and  modern 
Scotch,  a  lark.  A  natural  sobriquet,  imposed 
u]3on  a  person  cither  for  vocal  powers  or  for 
a  habit  of  early  rising.  The  birds  borne  in 
the  arms  of  this  fiimily  are  doubtless  larks, 
though  blazoned  as  martlets.  The  name 
may  however  be  the  same  as  the  preced- 
ing 

LAVERS.     A  plurallzatlou  of  Lavgr. 

LAVEY.    LAVy.    LAVIE.     LAVIES. 

This  set  of  names  is  so  exactly  parallel  to 
Davey,  Davy,  Davie,  Davies,  that  I  think 
it  must  be  derived,  in  like  manner,  from  the 
familiar  or  'nursery'  form  of  some  Christian 
name — possibly  from  Lawrence. 

LAVILLE.     Fr.  "  the  Town." 

LAW.  (A-Sax,  hhtcio,  hluiv.)  1.  What 
covers,  as  a  grave,  a  heap,  a  barrow,  a  small 
hill.  2.  A  tract  of  ground  gently  rising — 
a  low.  (Bosworth.)  "stiil  used  in  the  North 
for  an  eminence. 


LAX 


189 


LEA 


f^"  LAW.      A    termination    common    to 
many  surnames  derived  froni  such  locali- 
ties, as  Gi'eeulaw,   Fairlaw,  AVhitelaw. 
For   several    names   beginning  with  this 
syllable,  see  under  Lau. 

L  AWDAY.  The  more  usual  orthography 
of  '  Loveday,'  which  see. 

LAWDER.  A  parisli  in  Berwickshire, 
7iodle  Lauder. 

LAAA^ER.  Lawei-e  is  given  in  the 
Prompt.  Parv.  as  the  equivalent  of  a  legist, 
jurist,  lawyer,  or  scribe. 

LAAVES.     LAAA'S.     See  Lawrence. 

LAAVFORD.     A  parish  in  Essex. 

LAAVFULL.  Perhaps  assumed  in  vin- 
dication of  legitimacy  of  birth. 

LAAA^'KIN".  A  diminutive  of  Lawrence, 
which  see — also  the  termination  kin". 

L  AAA^'LESS.  Perhaps  referring  to  natural 
disposition ;  more  probably  however  a  cor- 
ruption of  Lovelace,  the  element  of  a  chief 
indented  occurring  in  the  arms  of  several 
families  of  both  these  names. 

Sir  Hugh  de  Lawless  of  Hoddesdou,  co. 
Herts,  settled  in  Ireland  temp.  Henry  II. 
and  obtained  a  grant  of  Shangenagh,  co. 
Dublin,  where  he  built  a  castle.  From  him 
descends  Lawless,  Baron  Cloncuny.  I  do 
not  find  the  locality  of  Lawless. 

LAA^^LEY.  The  family  descend  from 
Thos.  Lawley,  cousin  and  lieir  of  John  Lord 
A\^enlock,  kIG.,  temp.  Kdw.  lA^  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  iMeu.  The  name  is 
clearly  local,  but  the  place  is  unknown. 

LAAA^LER.  An  Irish  Surname,  probably 
the  same  as  Lalor. 

LAAA^MAX.  See  Law  and  jman.  The 
H.R.  forms  are  Lawman  and  Lawemau. 

LAAA'^i!^.  1.  Launde,  a  liberty  in  CO.  Lei- 
cester, and  Laund,  two  townships  in  co, 
Lancaster.     2.  See  Launde. 

LAAVREXCE.  The  personal  name,  from 
the  Lat.  Laurentius.  The  following  are  its 
diminutives  and  derivatives;  Lawrie,  Larry, 
Larkin,  Larking,  Larkins,  Lawes,  Lawson, 
Lawkin. 

LAAA'RIE.     See  Lawrence. 

LAAVSON.  The  son  of  Lawrence.  Ac- 
cording to  Burke's  Ext.  Baronets,  the 
l^atriarch  of  the  family  was  John  Lawson, 
who  temp.  Henry  III.  was  lord  of  Fawles- 
grave,  co.  York.  From  him  the  existing 
baronet  is  lineally  descended. 

LAAVTOX.  "  It  Is  not  improbable  that 
the  family  are  descended  from  Robert,  a 
younger  son  of  A^ivian  de  Daveui^ort,  who 
settled  at  Lawton,  co.  Chester,  in  the  50tli 
of  Henry  III.,  and  assumed  the  local  name : 
this  assertion  is  borne  out  bj'  the  arms, 
which  are  evidently  founded  on  those  of 
Davenport."  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men. 

LAAV YER.     The  profession. 

LAX.     O.  Xorse.  fo.r,  A-Sax.  leax.,  lax,  a 


salmon  ;    Ferguson   thinks  the  name  was 
originally  applied  to  a  salmon  fisher. 

LAXTOX.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Xorth- 
ampton,  Nottingham,  and  A^ork. 

LAY.  1.  Fr.  laie,  a  lane  through  a  forest. 
2.  Lay,  not  clerical  ;  unlearned.  In  the 
latter  sense  the  word  is  used  by  B.  Jonson, 
H.R.  Le  Lay,  Du  Lay,  and  De  Lay. 

L  A  YARD .  Probably  Laird,  the  Scottish 
form  of  Lord. 

LAYBOURXE.  Leybourne,  a  parish  in 
Kent. 

LAYER.  1 .  Fr.  lai/enr,  a  forest  surveyor  ; 
one  who  makes  roads  through  forests.  2. 
Three  parishes  in  Essex  are  so  called. 

LAYIMAX.  X^ot  in  distinction  from  a 
clerk  or  learned  person,  but  a  personal  name. 
Layamon,  translator  of  the  'Roman  de 
Brut'  into  semi-Saxon,  flourished  about 
the  end  of  the  reign  of  Henry  II. 

LAYTOX.  Townships  in  Lancashire 
and  Yorkshire. 

LAZARD.  A  la~a7-  or  leper.  See 
Leper. 

LAZARUS.     A  Jewish  surname. 

LAZEXBY.  LAZOXBY.  Lasenby,  a 
localit}'  in  the  parish  of  Kirk-Leatham,  co. 
York,  or  more  probably  Lazonby,  a  parish 
in  Cumberland. 

t^s"  LE.  A  common  prefix  to  medieval 
surnames,  being  the  French  definite 
article,  equivalent  to  our  fJte.  It  was 
dropped  from  English  surnames  after 
the  XIV.  cent.,  but  it  has  been  retained 
to  the  present  day  in  France,  though  it 
generally  coalesces  with  the  noun  to 
which  it  belongs,  as  Lemaire  for  Le 
Malre,  Lemaitre  for  Le  Maitre. 

LEA.     See  lee. 

LEACH  A  parish  united  with  Marlston, 
CO.  Chester.  Not  in  all  cases  to  be  con- 
founded with  Leech. 

LEADBEATER.  This  name- variously 
corrupted  to  Leadbetter,  Leadbitter,  Lid- 
better,  and  still  further,  in  vulgar  pronun- 
ciation, to  Libbetter — signifies  a  beater  of 
lead.  In  old  times,  before  the  process  of 
rolling  that  metal  into  sheets  by  machi- 
nery was  employed,  it  was  laminated 
by  the  laborious  manual  operation  of 
hammering ;  and  as  most  churches  and 
other  large  buildings  were  roofed  with  this 
material,  the  occupation  of  the  Icad-hcater 
was  a  very  common  and  necessary  one. 
Le  Ledbetre.     H.R. 

LEADBETTER.  LEADBITTER.   See 

Leadbeater. 

LEADER.  Probably  the  same  as  AA'^ater- 
leder  (wliich  occurs  as  a  surname  in  the 
Nonfc)  whatever  that  may  mean.  Halli- 
well  says,  '  a  water-carrier,'  but  I  am  dis- 
posed to  think  a  leader  of  water,  i.e.,  a 
drainer,  or  an  irrigator  of  land,  or  perhaps 
a  conduit-maker. 


LEG  190 

LEAKE.  East  and  "West  Leake  are  two 
parishes  in  co.  Notts. 

LEAL.     LEALL.     L  O.  Fr.  and  Scot., 

loyal,    trustwortl)}-.      2.    A   corruption  of 
Lisle. 
LEAN.      The   Gaelic    Mac-Lean,    sans 

Mac. 
LEANEY.    LENEY.     Zee?j?/,  according 
to  Grose,  is  active,  alert. 

LEAP  or  LIP.  A  termination  to 
several  local  names,  originating  in  some 
feat  at  saltation  connected  Avith  the 
chase,  as  Hindleap,  Hartlip,  &c. 

LEAPINGWELL.     See  WeU. 

LEAR.  Not  from  the  personal  name 
rendered  illustrious  liy  the  great  dramatist, 
but  from  Lire,  in  tlie  arrondissement  of 
Evreux  in  Normandy.  Mr.  Ferguson 
thinks  it  may  have  come  originally  from 
Hler  (Hleer)  one  of  the  names  of  the  Nep- 
tune of  Northern  mythology. 

LEARMOUTII.  Evidently  local,  but  I 
cannot  find  the  place. 

LEARNED.      Prhnarily    applied    to    a 

scholar. 
LEASHMAN.     See  Leechman. 

LEATH.  A  ward  or  division  of  Cum- 
berland. 

LEATIL\M.  Villages  in  Fife  and  For- 
farshire are  called  Letham. 

LEATHER.  LEATHERS.  An  ancient 
personal  name.  One  Lethar  was  a  bishop 
intlie  days  of  .Ethelbert.  Cod.  Dipl.  981. 
Hence  the  local  surnames,  Leatlierby,  Lea- 
therdale,  Leatherhcad,  and  Leatherbarrow. 

LEATHERBARROW.  A  hill  near 
Windermere.     Ferguson,  p.  204. 

LEATHERBY.     See  Leather. 

LEATHER  DALE.     See  Leather. 

LEATHERHEAD.  A  town  in  Surrey, 
anciently  Lederede. 

LEAVER.     LEAVERS.     See  Lever. 

LE  BLANC.  Fr.  "  the  White."  Arms 
granted  1753. 

LE  BLOND.       Fr.    "the  Fair  Haired." 

See  Blount.  The  family  settled  in  England 
after  the  Eev.  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes, 
1685. 

LE  BON.  Fr.  "  the  Good."  Probably  of 
the  period  of  the  Rev.  Ed.  Nantes,  IG85. 

LE  BRETT.     See  Brett. 

LECHE.  The  Leches  of  Garden,  co. 
Cliester,  are  said  to  be  a  branch  of  Leech  of 
Chatsworth.  (See  Leech.)  John  has  been 
the  Christian  name  in  this  family,  with  one 
exception,  for  thirteen  generations.  Shir- 
ley's Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

LECHMERE.  A  funnily  of  great  anti- 
quity, said  to  have  migrated  from  the  Low 
Countries,  and  to  have  received  a  grant  of 
laud  called  Lechmerc's  Field  in  ITanley,  co. 


LEE 

Worcester,   from   William  the  Conqueror. 
Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

LECKY.  The  Leckys  of  Ireland  are  of 
Scotch  extraction,  and  descend  from  a  family 
so  called  in  Stirlingshire,  where  in  the 
parish  of  Gargunnoek  an  estate  called 
Leckie  is  still  to  be  found. 

LEDGER.  "  The  very  business-like 
name  of  Ledger  may  not  improbaljly  be  a 
corruption  of  Ludegar,  the  name  of  a  war- 
like king  of  the  Saxons  in  the  Nibelungen 
Lied."  Ferguson.  2.  A  more  probable 
derivation  is  from  the  Fr.  legcr,  light,  swift, 
nimble.  3.  The  most  probable  of  all  is 
from  the  Norman  St.  Leger,  with  the 
omission  of  the  prefix. 

LEDSHAM.     A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

LEE.  Itself  a  surname,  with  the 
various  modifications  Atte-Legh  (now 
Atlee)  Lea,  Ley,  Lighe,  Lye,  &c.,  is  un- 
deniably the  A- Sax.  leak.  It  is,  as  Pro- 
fessor Leo  observes,  the  equivalent  of 
"  the  old  I-Iigh  German  I6h,  and  corres- 
ponds literally  (allowing  for  the  recog- 
nized modification)  with  the  Latiu 
hiois;  but  whilst  leak  may  enclose  a 
thicket,  or  indeed  an  actual  wood,  it  has 
a  yet  more  general  meaning,  and  may 
denote  such  an  open  field  as  would  be 
rendered  campus.''  Williams's  Transla- 
tion, Treatise  on  Local  Nomenclature, 
1852.  Lea,  the  modern  English  word, 
signifies,  however,  meadow,  pasture,  or 
grass  land.  Nor  must  it  be  forgotten 
that  the  A-Sax.  leag  or  leah,  has  a  totally 
different  meaning,  implying  a  territory 
or  district  in  which  a  particular  law  or 
custom  was  in  force.  This  term,  varied 
in  different  M'ays,  as  lagv.  levga,  and 
lon-cy,  Avas  i-etained  for  centuries  after 
the  incoming  of  the  Normans,  to  denote 
a  particular  liberty,  franchise,  or  district, 
as  the  league  of  Battel  Abliey,  the  lonry 
of  Pevensey,  the  h)vcy  of  Tunbridge,  &c. 
To  some  or  all  of  these  sources,  we  are 
indebted  for  a  very  large  proportion  of 
our  local,  and  consequently  of  our 
family  nomenclature  in  South  Britain, 
for— 
"  In  Ford,  in  Ham,  in  Ley,  and  Ton, 
The  most  of  English  Snrnames  run." 

To  cite  all  tlie  names  from  this  source 
would  uselessly  fill  a  great  space,  but  by  way 
of  sample  a  few  may  Idc  quoted,  as  :■ — Farlee. 
Fairlce,  Godlee,  Henley,  Hoadley,  Penley, 
Walmsley,  Evesleigh,  Radleigh,  Ridley, 
Woolley,  Hawkesley,  Horsley,  Cowley, 
AVomersley,  Carley,  llarley.  Barley,  Oxley, 
Colley,  Tingley,  Fawslcy,  Stanley,  Shirley, 
Berkeley,  Headley,  Ashley,  Bromley,  Chol- 
moudeley,  Copley,  Stapley,  Wellesley,  Pel- 
ley,  Shelley,  Burleigh. 

LEECH.     A  Sax.  lace,  a  physician. 

"  Conscience  called  a  leche 
To  go  salve  tlio(se)  that  sike  ben." 

Wright's  P.  I'loiKjlwian,  p.  443. 

The  blood-sucking  reptile  (liirudo)  is  so 
called  from  its  salutary  properties.  In  the 
South,  a  village  veterinary  surgeon  calls 
himself  "  Horse-Farrier  and  Cow-Leech." 
The  ancestor   of  the   Derbyshire  Leeches 


LEG 


191 


LEI 


(Chats-wortb),  was  one  of  the  surgeons  of 
King  Echvavd  the  Third.  Lysons'  Derb. 
The  name  may,  however,  be  local,  as  there 
is  a  place  of  this  designation  near  Chester. 

LEECHMAN.  The  same  as  Leech, 
(which  see)  the  suflix  man  being  a  mere  ex- 
pletive. Nares  gives  Leachman  as  a  phy- 
sician. A  Scottish  family  of  the  name  give 
three  pelicans  as  their  arms,  probably  in 
allusion  to  blood-letting.  An  analogous 
instance  of  the  unnecessary  addition  of 
'  man'  to  the  designation  of  a  calling  is 
found  in  Tuckerman,  which  see. 

LEEDS.     The  great  town  in  Yorkshire. 

LEEK.  A  town  in  Staffordshire,  and 
parishes  in  cos.  York  and  "Warwick.  The 
Leekes  of  Longford,  co.  Salop,  trace  to 
Ealph  L.  of  Ludlow,  A.D.  1334. 

LEEMAN.  See  Lee,  and  the  termina- 
tion JIAX. 

LEEMING.     A  chapeby  in  Yorkshire. 

LEER.     See  Lear. 

LEES.  LEESE.  Places  in  cos.  Lan- 
caster, Stafford,  Chester,  and  an  estate  at 
Eccles,  CO.  Berwick. 

LEE  SON".  Perhaps  a  contraction  from 
Levison. 

LEET.  LEETE.  A  meeting  of  cross- 
roads. Halliw.  The  origin  of  Icet  as  ap- 
plied to  an  assembly  or  convention,  as  in 
court-leet,  borough-leet,  is  disputed.  See 
Eichardson's  Diet. ;  but  the  primaiy  idea 
of  a  'meeting'  seems  to  be  borne  out  by  Mr. 
Halliwell's  definition. 

LEEVES.     See  Levi. 

LEFE VRE.  O.  Fr.  le  fevre,  a  workman, 
particularly  a  smith,  like  tiie  Lai.  fahei'. 
Modern  French  has  rejected  the  word  and 
substituted  forgeron,  though  the  surname 
is  nearly  as  common  in  France  as  Smith  is 
with  us.  Many  settlements  of  Le  Fevres 
have  taken  place  in  England,  and  at  least 
half  a  dozen  diflereutcoats  of  arms  are  now 
associated  with  the  name  in  this  country. 
The  Lefevres  of  Heckfleld  came  from  the 
neighbourhood  of  Eouen,  and  'established 
themselves  in  England  at  the  Eev.  of  the 
Edict  of  Nantes,  settling  in  Essex  and 
Hampshire.     B.L.G. 

LEFROY.  The  family  are  of  Flemish 
extraction,  having  migrated  to  England  at 
the  time  of  the  Duke  of  Alva's  persecutions. 
The  first  settler  M-as  Anthony  Lefroy,  A.D. 
1569.  B.L.G.  In  Petham  Church,  co. 
Kent,  is  the  following  epitaph  : — 

"  Sacred 

to  Thos.  Lefuot,  of  Canteitiurj-, 

vho  died  3rd  Nov.,  172-3,  ;iged  43  ; 

of  a  Cambresian  family 

that  preferred 

Religion  and  Liberty 

To  their  Country  and  Propert}', 

In  the  time  of  the  Dulve  of  Alva's  Persecutions." 

LEFTWICH.     A  place  in  Cheshire. 

LEGARD.  LEGEARD.  LEGUARD. 
Fr.  le  garde,  the  guard,  Iveeper,  or  warden; 
one  who  secures  or  preserves. 


The  baronet's  family  are  of  great  anti- 
quity in  Yorkshire.  They  are  said  to  have 
become  possessed  of  Anlaby  in  that  shu'e  as 
early  as  the  XII  century. 

LEGAY.  Fr.  Le  Gai,  "  the  sprightly  or 
cheerful."  M.  Pierre  le  Gay  was  driven 
from  Eochelle  by  the  persecution  of  the 
Protestants  by  Louis  XIII.  Tliough  he 
brought  little  or  nothing  of  his  patrimony 
with  him,  he  was  so  successful  as  a  mer- 
chant, that  he  bought  the  estate  of  West 
Stoke,  CO.  Sussex.  Palmer's  Nonconform- 
ists' Memorial,  ii.  478. 

LEGG.     LEGGE.     1.  See  under  lee. 

2.  An  ancient  trader's  sign. 

"  The  hosiers  \ri;i  dine  at  the  Ley, 
The  drapers  at  the  sign  of  the  Brush,"  &c. 
London's  Ordinary, 

3.  An  old   personal  name.      FiU  Legg  is 
found  in  H.R. 

LEGGAT.  Lat.  legatns,  a  legate,  am- 
bassador. At  the  date  of  the  Domesday 
survey,  Hervey  Legatus  was  a  tenant  in  ca- 
pite  in  co.  Bucks,  and  Richard  Legatus 
had  the  same  tenure  in  co.  Gloucester. 

LEGGET.     See  Lesgat. 

LEGH.     See  under  jlee. 

LEGLESS.  A  coi-ruption,  probably,  of 
some  French  name,  prefixed  by  the  article 
le.  and  not  referring  to  any  personal  muti- 
lation. 

LEGROS.     Fr.  "  the  big  or  large." 

LEGRYLE.  The  same  as  the  French  Le 
Griel,  still  existing  in  Normandy.  Grice  or 
g?'is  is  an  old  French  and  English  word  for  a 
pig,  and  griel  is  its  diminutive.  In  allusion 
to  this  derivation,  the  Norfolk  family  of 
Legrj'Ie  bear  boars  in  their  arms. 

LEGRYS.  Fr.  "the  Pig.''  See  Pur- 
cell. 

LEHUNTE.  The  A-Sax.  7mnfa,  prefixed 
by  the  medieval  le — "the  hunter."  The 
family  settled  in  Ireland  from  Suffolkjtemp. 
Oliver  Cromwell.  B.L.G. 

LEICESTER.  The  chief  town  of  Lei- 
cestershire. 

LEIFCHILD.  Leffechjld  occurs  in  a 
poem  of  the  XV.  century,  cited  by  Halliwel], 
in  the  sense  of  dear  or  beloved  cJiild ;  and  so 
early  as  1222,  it  is  found  as  a  Chri.stian 
name — Lefchild,  son  of  Sprot.  See  Hale's 
Domesd.  of  St.  Paul's,  p.  57  ;  but  the  family 
believe  themselves  to  be  of  German  extrac- 
tion, and  claim  another  etj-mology,  deduc- 
ing the  name  from  Icib  aud  schild,  "body- 
shield,"  from  some  peculiarity  in  the  de- 
fensive armour  of  the  original  assumer.  In 
like  manner  the  founder  of  the  Eothschilds 
is  presumed  to  ha^'e  derived  his  name  from 
his  using  a  'red  shield,'  which  is  the  literal 
meaning  of  it. 

LEIGH,     See  under  lee. 

LEIGH.  LEGH.  An  eminent  Cheshire 
family,  who  for  centuries  have  been  of  High 
Leigh,  in  that  co.,  and  from  whom  nearly 
all  the  gentry  families  of  the  name  claim 


LEL 


192 


LEN 


descent.  The  Leiglis  are  as  prolific  as 
they  are  ancient,  if  we  may  trust  the 
well-known  Cheshire  proverb  : — 

"  As  MANY  Leighs  AS  FLEAS  ;  Massies  as  asses ; 
Crewes  as  crows ;  and  Davenports  as  dogs'  tails." 

The  various  forms  of  the  name  are  Leighe, 

Leigh,   Legh,   Leghe,    Ligh,    Lighe,    Lea, 

Leaye,  Ley,  Leye,  Lee. 

Mr.  Shirley  includes  among  his   Noble 

and  Gentle  Men  of  England  the  following 

families : — 

1.  Legh  of  East  Hall,  in  High  Legh,  co. 
Chester,  descended  from  Efward  de  Lega, 
who  lived  at  or  near  the  period  of  the  Con- 
quest, and  who  from  his  name  appears  to 
have  been  of  Saxon  race.  Ormerod's 
Cheshire,  i.  358. 

2.  Lcxfjli  of  West  Hall,  in  High  Legh. 
Origmaliy  De  Lymme,  who  married  a 
Legh  heiress  in  the  XIII.  cent. 

2.  Leigh  of  Adlestrop  (Baron  Leigh)  co. 
Gloucester.  Descended  from  Agnes, 
daughter  and  heiress  of  Richard  de  Legh, 
and  of  her  second  husband,  William  Ven- 
ables.  They  had  a  son  Avho  took  liis 
mother's  maiden  name,  and  founded  one 
of  the  great  Cheshire  lines  of  Legh  or 
Leigh. 

For  many  offshoots  of  these  three  main 
lines,  see  Ormerod's  Cheshire,  and  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

LEIGHTOX.  The  family  are  stated  to 
have  been  seated  at  Leighton  in  Shrop- 
shire prior  to  the  Conquest.  They  are  pre- 
sumed to  have  sprung  from  Eainald  vioe- 
comi's,  mentioned  as  the  Domesday  tenant 
of  Lestone  or  Leighton.  Certain  it  is  that 
they  were  of  Leighton,  co  nom  ins,  in  the  XII. 
century.  See  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men.  The  principal  seat  of  the  family  is 
now  at  Loton,  in  the  above-named  county. 

LEITCH.     See  Leech. 

LEITH.  "  The  surname  of  Leitli  is  of 
great  antiquity  in  Scotland,  and  those  who 
bore  it  held,  in  a  remote  era,  vast  posses- 
sions, including  the  barony  of  Eestalrig, 
and  others  in  the  shire  of  Mid-Lothian, 
and  territory  of  Leith,  whence,  it  is  pre- 
sumed, the  name  was  taken."  B.L.G. 
The  pedigree  is  traced  only  to  the  year 
1350.  The  baronet's  family  descend  from 
William  Leith,  who  was  provost  of  Aber- 
deen in  1350.  According  to  Douglas  there 
were  at  the  latter  end  of  the  last  century 
six  distinct  families  of  Leith,  all  of  whom 
could  trace  their  origin  to  that  personage. 
Courthope's  Debrett. 

LEKEUX.  O.  Fr.  "The  cook."  Isam- 
bert  was  grand  hciix  of  France,  xmder  St. 
Louis,  1250.  Dixon.  In  England,  the 
surname  pertains  to  a  French  Pi'otestant 
family  settled  at  Canterbury  before  the 
year  1645. 

LELAND.  In  the  West,  signifies  a  cow- 
pasture,  but  it  is  also  probably  the  name  of 
some  manor  or  estate. 

LELIIOjME.  O.  Fr.  kal  Iwmme,  a  loyal 
man. 


LE  LIEVRE.  A  Guernsey  surname, 
but  su])posed  to  have  been  adopted  liy  a 
member  of  the  English  family  of  Hare,  who 
settled  in  that  island. 

LELLIOT.  Apparently  the  same  as 
Elliott. 

LEMAIRE.     Fr.  "  The  Mayor." 

LBMARCHANT.  Fr.  "The  Mer- 
chant." 

LE  MESURIER.  O.  Fr.  "The  Mea- 
surer." 

LEjMITARE.  1.  A  corruption  of  the 
common  Fr.  surname,  Lemaitre,  '  the 
master.'  2.  From  Zj?«;Yo2/?',  a  begging  friar 
— familiar  to  e^'ery  reader  of  Chaucer. 

LEMMON.     See  Lemon. 

LEMON.  O.  Eng.  lemma?!.,  paramour, 
sweetheart — an  A- Sax.  and  C!haucerian 
word.  One  "  Alan,  the  sonof  theLeman," 
occurs  iu  the  Hundred  Rolls.  Its  primary 
meaning  seems  to  be,  a  person  much  be- 
loved, or  very  dear. 

"And  he  seyde  lie  -n-ould  ben  hir  Limman  or  para- 
mour. And  sche  asked  him  zif  that  he  wei'e  a 
Knyglite. — And  he  seyde  Nay.  And  tlian  sche  said 
that  lie  myghte  not  hen  hir  Lemman." 

Maundevih's  Travels,  p.  24. 

A  tributary  of  the  Exe,  in  Devonshire,  is 
called  the  Leman.  One  family  of  this  name, 
rather  recently  an-ived  from  Germany, 
originally  wrote  themselves  Lehman,  which 
is  doubtless  a  contraction  of  lehitmann, 
a  vassal  or  feudal  tenant.  Inf.  Robt.  Lemon, 
Esq.,  F.S.A. 

LEMOSY.  From  the  province  of 
Limousin,  in  the  interior  of  France. 

LEjMOYNE.     0.  Fr.  "  The  Monk. " 

LEMPRIERE.  Said  to  be  a  corruption, 
or  rather  an  nncient  sj^elling,  oiVEmpereur. 
In  the  Chartularies  of  the  Abbaye  de  la 
Trinite  at  Caen,  this  patronymic  goes 
through  the  vai'ious  gradations  of  Impera- 
tor,  L'Empereur,  Lemprere,  Lempreur,  to 
Lempriere.  According  to  a  family  tradi- 
tion, the  name  is  derived  from  its  original 
bearer  having  overturned  a  king,  and  thug 
become  an  Emperor  !  It  was  he,  not  Rollo 
his  master,  who  went  to  kiss  the  foot  of 
Charles  of  France,  and  lifted  it  so  high  as 
to  throw  the  monarch  off  his  balance ! 
Master  Wace  and  other  ^■ulgar  historians, 
who  make  the  Northman  chief  himself  the 
perpetrator  of  this  clever  practical  joke, 
are  therefore  quite  misinfoi'med  in  the 
matter !     Ex.  inf.  J.  Bertrand  Payne,  Esq. 

LEMSTER.  From  the  observations 
under  rter,  this  name  might  be  supposed 
to  belong  to  that  class.  It  is,  however, 
simply  a  curt  pronunciation  of  Leominster, 
CO.  Hereford. 

LENARD.     See  Leonard. 

LENCH.     The  name  of  two  parislies  iu 

CO.  Worcester. 

LE   NEVE.      "  Tlie     nephew."       The 


LES 


193 


LET 


rromptoriuui  Parvulorum  has  the  following 
defiuitions : 

"NE-vTi,  sonys  son.    Ifejyos. 
Neve,  brodeiys  sone.    J\''epits. 
Neve,  systerrys  soniie.    Sororius. 
Neve,  neverthryfte  or  wastour,"  &c. 

LENEY.  A  William  Leny  Is  mentioned 
in  H.R.  Perhaps  the  same  as  Leunie  or  as 
Leaney. 

LENNARD.     See  Leonard. 

LENNIE.  1.  A  'nurse-name'  of  Leo- 
nard. 2.  L'Aine,  Fr.,  corresponding  with 
Senioi",  Eld,  &c.,  has  been  suggested. 

LENNOX.  The  ancient  county  of  Dinn- 
barton,  Scotland,  once  mucli  more  extensive 
than  now.  The  original  name  of  the  dis- 
trict was  Leven-ach,  '  the  field  of  the  Leven,' 
and  designated  not  the  basin  only  of  that 
river,  hut  also  of  Loch-Lomond,  once  called 
Loch-Leven.  Levenachs  came  to  he  the 
name  applied  to  the  extensive  possessions 
of  the  powerful  Earls  of  the  soil,  and  hence 
Levenax  and  Lennox.  Imp.  Gaz.  of  Scot- 
land. 

LENNY.  See  Lennie.  An  old  spelling, 
Lauy,  supports  the  second  derivation. 

LENT.  From  the  season — like  Easter, 
Pentecost,  Christmas,  &c. 

LENTPLVLL.  A  parish  and  a  chapelry 
in  CO.  Hereford,  The  family  of  L.  of  Bessels 
Leigh,  CO.  Berks,  are  descended,  through  the 
celebrated  speaker  of  the  Long  Parliament, 
and  through  the  hero  of  Agiucourt,  from 
Lenthall  of  Lcnthall  in  the  reign  of  Edw.  I. 
De  Lenethale.     H.K. 

LENTON. 

shire. 

LEO.     The  Latin  form  of  Lion. 

LEON.  Spanish  and  Italian  leone,  a 
Lion. 

LEONARD.  The  personal  name.  Len- 
nie and  Lankin  ajipear  to  be  derivatives, 
and  Leuard  and  Lcunard  are  corruptions. 

LEPER.  One  afflicted  with  leprosy,  a 
common  disease  in  this  countiy  in  Crusad- 
ing times.  There  were  many  lazar-houses 
or  hospitals  for  lepers  in  the  early  centuries 
after  the  Conquest.  Le  Lepre,  Lepere. 
H.E. 

LEPPARD.  LEPARD.  A  leopard; 
either  from  an  armorial  bearing,  or  from  a 
trader's  sign. 

LEPPER.     See  Leper. 

LEQUESNE.  Provincial  Fr,  for  le  dime, 
the  Oak. 

LEREW.     See  Leroux. 

LEROUX.  Fr.  "the  red  ;"  a  person  of 
florid  complexion. 

LESLIE.  "The  family  ofLeslie,  to  which 
belong  two  Scottish  peerages,  trace  their 
origin  to  Bartholomew,  a  Flemish  chief, 
who  settled  with  liis  followers  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Garioch,  in  Aberdeensliire,  in  the 
reign  of  AVilliam  the  Lion.  He  took  the 
2  c 


A    parish   in   Nottingham- 


name  of  De  Lesley  from  the  place  where  he 
settled.  The  heralds,  however,  have  an  old 
legend  representing  the  first  man  of  the 
family  as  having  acquired  distinction  and 
a  name  at  once,  by  overcoming  a  knight  in 
battle,  at  a  spot  between  a  le&s  lee  (meadow) 
and  a  greater. 

Between  the  Less-Lee  and  the  Mair, 
He  slew  the    Knight,  and  left  him 

THERE. 

Cliamhers'  Pop.  Rhymes  of  Scotland,  p.  26. 
Another  statement  makes  Bartholomew  a 
Hungarian  knight  or  nobleman,  who  came 
into  Scotland  temj).  King  Malcolm  Can- 
more,  in  tlie  suite  of  Queen  Margaret,  1067. 
The  parish  of  Leslie  is  in  Aberdeenshire, 
and  Leslie  castle,  the  seat  of  the  ancient 
barons,  still  exists. 

The  arms  of  the  family  contain  three 
buckles,  sometimes  on  a  bend,  othcrwhile  on 
a  fesse,  and  the  bearings  are  thus  accounted 
for  l3y  a  family  tradition.  Bartholo^fnew, 
the  personage  alluded  to — 

"  Had  the  good  fortune  to  rescue  fi'om  imminent 
danger  Malcolm's  Queen,  Margaret,  sister  of  Edgar 
Atheling  and  grand-daughter,  maternally,  of  Solomon, 
iUug  of  Hungary,  wlien  carried  a\Yay  by  the  stream 
in  crossing  a  river  on  horseback — dragging  her  to  land 
by  lier  belt  or  girdle.  Hence  a  hell  and  (hrce 
hiickles  were  assigned  to  him  for  a  coat  of  arms,  M-ith 
GRIP  FAST  as  a  motto,  from  the  Queen  calling  out 
in  these  words  when  in  danger!"    B.L.G. 

The  Leslies  of  Ireland  settled  there  from 
Scotland  temp.  James  I. 

LESSINGHAM.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

LESTER.     A  corruption  of  Leicester. 

LESTRANGE.     See  Strange. 

LETBE.     See  Letheby. 

LETHBRIDGE.  Clearly  a  local  name, 
though  the  locality  is  unknown.  The  late 
radical  Henry  Hunt,  a  political  opponent  of 
Sir  Thos.  Lethbridge,  used  to  assert  that 
the  worthy  Baronet's  grandfather  was  a 
foundling,  who  had  lieen  exposed  in  a  pair 
of  '  IcaUier  breeches  P  Tlie  not  altogether 
dissimilar  name  Lodbrok  signifies  "shaggy- 
breeches."     See  Ludbrook. 

LETHEBY.  The  ilmiily  came  into  Eng- 
land from  Brittany,  at  the  Revocation  of 
the  Edict  of  Nantes,  under  the  name  of  Le 
Tebe,  which  was  subsequently  anglicized  to 
its  existing  form.     Inf.  Dr.  H.  Letheby. 

LETHERHOSE.  From  the  garment. 
See  Hosier.  This  name  is  as  old  as  temp. 
Edw.  I.    H.R. 

LETHIEULLIER.  "  This  family  of  Le 
Thieullier  appear  to  have  been  of  good  ac- 
count in  France,  as  well  as  in  Germany,  for 
some  generations  before  they  settled  in  Eng- 
land, which  is  supposed  to  have  been  in  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth,  when  they  fled  hitherto 
avoid  the  persecution  in  those  parts  on  ac- 
count of  religion.  Among  the  names  of 
such  French  as  fled  to  Eye  in  Sussex,  upon 
the  massacre  of  the  Protestants  in  France 
in  1572,  are  the  names  of  Le  Tellier  and 
Tellier  .  .  ."  Hasted's  Kent,  II.,  350.  The 
name  is  a  medieval  spelling  of  Le  Tuillier, 
the  Tyler,  either  a  nud^er  or  a  placer  of 
tiles. 


LEW 


194 


LID 


LETT.  A  Livonlan.  One  Let  was  a 
tenant  in  co.  Gloucester  before  the  Conquest. 
Domesday. 

LETTERS.  Perhaps  from  Letter,  an 
estate  near  Loch  Katrine  in  Scotland. 

LETTS.     See  Lett. 

LEVACHE.  A  corruption  of  Fr.  la 
Vaclie,  "the  Cow."  Cow  also  occurs  as  a 
surname — why,  it  would  be  difficult  to  ex- 
plain, except  that  it  was  anciently  a  sign  of 
a  house.  A  London  printer  of  the  XVII. 
cent,  adopted  the  sign  of  the  "Hee-Cowe." 
But  see  under  Koe. 

LE  VAVASOUR.     See  Vavasour. 

LEVEN".     A  town  in  Fifeshire. 

LEVENTHORPE.  An  estate  in  York- 
shire. Leventhorpe  Hall,  in  that  county, 
was  long  the  residence  of  the  family, 

LEVEQUE.  Fr.  "  the  Bishop."  See 
Ecclesiastical  Surnames. 

LEVER.  Apparently  a  personal  name. 
Hence  the  genitive  Levers,  the  patrouymi- 
cal  Leverson,  and  the  local  Leverton.  But 
it  is  also  local,  there  being  three  places 
called  Lever  iu  Lancashire. 

LEVERETT.  Not  the  young  hare— but 
the  female  greyhound — Fr.  Uvn'tfe  ;  proba- 
bly applied  to  a  swift-footed  person.  In 
like  manner  Leveridge,  if  not  local,  may 
be  the  Fr.  levric/te,  wliich  is  a  diminutive  of 
levrette. 

LEVERIDGE.     See  under  Leverett. 

LEVERIKE.  A  corruption  of  Leofric, 
an  A- Sax.  personal  name. 

LEVERS.     See  Lever. 

LEVERSON.     See  Lever. 

LEVERTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Notting- 
ham and  Lincoln. 

LEVESON.  Perhaps  Louis'  son,  the  son 
of  Lewis  or  Louis.  It  may,  liowever,  be 
the  son  of  Levi.  Singularly,  the  H.R.  have 
the  forms  De  Leveson,  and  Le  Leveson. 

LEVETT.  LEVIT.  1.  Fr.  le  Vite,  "the 
quick,  speedy,  or  swift."  2.  From  one  of  the 
places  in  Normandy  called  Livet.  The 
Itin.  de  la  Normandic  mentions  no  less  than 
eight  of  these. 

LEVEY,     See  Levi. 

LEVI.  This  personal  name  seems  to  be 
the  common  source  of  Levy,  Levej^,  Levi- 
son,  Leeves,  &c. 

LEVIN.   LEVINSON.   LEVINSOHN. 

LEVISOHN.  Levi  aud  Levi's  son.  Family 
names  of  German  Jews  naturalized  iu  this 
country. 

LEVISON.     See  Levi. 

LEWER.    The  same  as  Lower  (?) 

LEWES.  1.  The  county-town  of  Sussex. 
2.  The  same  as  Lewis. 

LEA\qN.     LEWINS.     LEAVN.      1.   A 

corruption  of  the  well-known  A- Sax.  per- 


sonal name,  Leofwin.     2.  A  contraction  of 
the  Welsh  Llewellyu. 

LEWIS.  Tlie  Welsh  jiersonal  name,  the 
same  as  the  Fr.  Louis.  Also  one  of  the 
Hebrides.  Many  of  the  Welsh  families  con- 
ceal beneath  this  common,  aud  usually 
plebeian  name,  blood  and  pedigree  of  remote 
antiquity.  For  example,  Lewis  of  Green- 
meadow  springs  from  Gwaethvoed,  des- 
cended from  the  ancient  princes  of  Britain, 
aud  a  contemporary  of  the  A-Sax.  king 
Edgar.  Lewis  of  Gilfach  claims  from 
Cradoc  ajD  Guillym,  who  flourished  in  the 
XIII.  century.  Lewis  of  St.  Pierre  derives 
from  Cadifor,  prince  or  chieftain  of  Divet 
(a  district  which  comprised  Pembrokeshire 
and  part  of  Caermarthen),  about  the  time 
of  the  Norman  Conquest.  In  these  cases 
the  name  Lewis  was  not  hereditary  until 
temp.  Henry  VIII.  or  Elizabeth. 

LEWKNOR.  The  first  jDroven  ancestor 
of  this  great  Sussex  family  is  Sir  FiOger  de 
Lewknor,  high-sheriff  of  the  county  in  1284. 
It  is  asserted,  on  I  know  not  what  evidence, 
that  the  name  is  dcri^'ed  from  Levechenora, 
the  ancient  denomination  of  one  of  the 
hundreds  of  Liucolnshire.  Pegge's  Curial. 
Miscell.  p.  208.  But  this  is  far-fetched,  in- 
asmuch as  we  ha^'C  in  Oxfordshire,  a  ',vell- 
kuown  parish,  as  also  a  hundred,  still  writ- 
ten Lewknor. 

LEWRY.     See  Lowry. 

LEWSEY.     The  same  as  Lucy,  Luci. 

LEWSON.     The  son  of  Lewis. 

LEWTHWAITE.  Local :  see  Thwaite 
and  Lowe.  The  place  is  supposed  to  be  in 
Cumberland,  where  the  family  still  exist, 

LEY.     See  under  lue. 

LEYCESTER.  The  founder  of  the 
family  was  Sir  Nicholas  Leycester,  who 
acquired  the  manor  of  Nether  Taljley  in 
Cheshire  by  marriage,  and  died  in  1295. 
There  his  descendants  of  the  elder  line 
flourished  till  1742.  Shirley's  Noble  aud 
Gentle  Men.  The  name  was  probably 
borrowed  from  the  chief  town  of  Leicester- 
shire. 

LIBERTY.  A  franchise,  or  district  where 
peculiar  laws  and  customs  are  enjoyed.  See 
under  Lee.  The  Loud.  Direct,  gives  us  a 
Jonathan  Lil)6iiy,  but  does  not  inform  us 
whether  he  has  any  American  relations. 
There  is  a  village  called  Liberty  iu  co. 
Fife. 

LICKFOLD.     A  place  near  Petworth, 

CO.  Sussex. 

LIDBETTER.     See  Leadbeater. 

LIDDEL.  LIDDELL.  The  family, 
in  whicli  there  have  been  two  peerages, 
were  found  among  the  merchants  of  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne, some  two  centuries  and  a 
half  since.  The  name  seems  to  have  been 
derived  from  the  Liddel,  a  river  of  Piox- 
burgh  shire. 

LIDDELOW.  Probably  tlie  same  as 
Laidlaw  or  Ludlow. 


LIN 


195 


LIN 


LIDDERDALE.     Probably  Liddesdale, 
iu  Koxburghsbire. 

LIDDIARD.      LIDDIAT.      The    two 

parishes  of  Liddiard  are  iu  "Wiltshire. 

LIDDINGTON.  Parishes  in  WUtshii-e 
and  Rutland. 

LIDDLE.     See  Liddel. 

LIDGATER.  Possibly  a  corruption  of 
Ligator,  "binder,"  a  common  surname  in 
H.R.  In  the  same  records  we  find  the 
name  Stephanus  Ligator-Librorum,  Stephen 
the  Bookbinder. 

LIDSTON.  LIDSTONE.  A  hamlet 
in  Oxfordshire. 

LIGHT.  Probably  refers  to  lightness  of 
foot ;  or  it  may  be  the  same  as  Lyte. 

LIGHTBODY.     See  Body. 

LIGHTFOOT.  From  agility  in  running. 
'Martin  with  the  Light  Foot,'  occurs  in  the 
life  of  Hereward  the  Saxon.  Wright's 
Essays,  ii.  101,  &c.  See  Metcalfe.  The 
synonymous  Dutch  surname  is  Ligtvoet. 

LIGHTNING.  This  name,  probably  a 
recent  sobriquet,  is  found  iu  E.G.,  16. 

TilGO.  A  contraction  of  Linlithgow, 
through  Lithgow. 

LIGONIER.  Of  French  extraction. 
The  brothers  Francis  and  John  Ligonier, 
entered  the  English  arm3\  and  the  latter 
was  made  a  knight  banneret  under  the  royal 
standard  at  the  battle  of  Dettiugeu,  in  1742, 
and  was  afterwards  raised  to  the  peerage  as 
Lord  Ligonier. 

LILL.     See  Lille. 

LILLE.     1.  The  French  town.     2.  The 

same  as  Lisle. 
LILLY.       LILLE  Y.      LILLIE.        1. 

Perhaps  the  same  as  Lille  or  Lisle.  2. 
From  the  heraldric  bearing,  the  fleur-de- 
lys.  See  Lys.  3.  Lilley,  a  parish  in  Hert- 
fordshire. 

LILLYLOW.  A  Scottish  phr.ase  mean- 
ing '  bright  flame.'  It  is  not  very  easy  to 
guess  how  it  became  a  surname. 

LILY.     See  Lilly. 

LILYWHITE.    1 .  Fair,  or  white  as  a  lily. 

2.  More  probably  a  corruption  of  the  local 

name    Litelthwaite.      See    Thwaite ;    also 

Applewhite. 
LIMBER.     ].    Supple,  flexible— applied 

perhaps  to  an  agile  person.     2.  Lymbergh, 

two  parishes  iu  Lincolnshire. 

LI:MEBEER.  Perhaps  the  same  as  Lim- 
ber. 

g^LIN  or  LINN.     A  Celtic  topographical 

expression,  used  both  simply  and  as  a 

prefix.     It  signifies  a  deep  pool  or  lake, 

or  any  piece  of  water  ;  but  is  commonly 

used  in  Scotland  to  designate  a  cascade 

falling  into  a  pool.     Gaz.  Scotl. 

LINCI-I.      LYNCH.       L    A  parish    in 

Sussex.       2.    A   small   hanging  wood    or 

thicket;  called  on  the  South  Downs  alinh. 


LINCOLN.     The  city. 

LIND.  The  name  of  Lynne  was  assumed 
by  the  proprietors  of  the  lands  and  barony 
of  Lyune,  in  Ayrshire,  as  soon  as  surnames 
became  hereditary  in  Scotland.  B.L.G. 
Lind  is  Scotch  for  a  lime  tree.  Jamieson. 
In  England  the  name  occm-s  in  the  XIV. 
century,  as  De  la  Lynde — "  of  the  Linden, 
or  lime  tree."  This  surname  is  found  in  most 
of  the  Teutonic  languages.  The  Fr.  name 
Tilleul  is  synonymous. 

LINDFIELD.  A  parish  in  Sussex, 
where  a  humble  family  of  the  name  are  still 
resident. 

LINDLEY.  Several  places  in  York- 
shire are  so  called. 

LINDO.  Naturalized  from  Portugal. 
The  same  as  Liud. 

LINDSAY.  This  distinguished  family, 
who  boasted  of  twenty  Earls  of  Crawford, 
extending  from  the  year  1398  to  1808,  and 
whose  deeds  have  been  recorded  by  a  noble 
member  of  the  house,  in  his  "  Lives  of  the 
Lindsays,"  were  in  all  probability  of  Eng- 
lish origin,  and  the  name  appears  to  have 
been  derived  from  the  divisiou  of  the  county 
of  Lincoln  still  called  the  "  Parts  of  Lind- 
sey,"  though  some  genealogists  deduce  it 
from  the  manor  of  Lindsey  in  Essex. 

LINDSEY.     See  Lindsay. 

LINDUS.  Perhaps  Liudores,  a  village 
in  Fifeshire. 

LINEKER.  Probably  from  A-Sax. 
linece,  a  linnet.  Ferguson.  I  should 
prefer  Liuacre,  a  township  iu  Lancashire, 
as  its  source. 

LINFIELD.     See  Lindfield. 

LING.  Heath,  in  some  dialects,  is  so 
called — also  a  fish ;  but  a  more  probable 
derivation  is  from  one  of  the  two  parishes 
of  Ling  in  Somersetshire  and  in  Norfolk. 

LINGARD.  INIr.  Ferguson  thinks  that 
Lingard  and  Linnegar  may  be  inversions  of 
the  0.  nigh  Germ.  Girlaud,  a  name  com- 
pounded of  gcr,  a  spear,  and  lind,  the  lime- 
tree;  figui'ativcly  a  shield — because  shields 
are  made  of  that  wood. 

LINGEN.  Robert  de  Wigmore,  lord  of 
Lingen,  co.  Hereford,  and  founder  of  the 
priory  of  Lyugbroke,  had  a  grandson,  John, 
who  took  the  name  of  Lingen.  From  him 
sprang  the  Lingens  of  Longuer,  co.  Salop, 
&c.     Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

LINGHAM.  A  known  corruption  of 
Langbam. 

LINK.     The  same  as  Linch. 

LINKINHORNE.  A  parish  in  Corn- 
wall. 

LINLEY.     See  Lindley. 
LINNEGAR.     See  Lingard, 

LINNET.  A  Fr.  name  of  uncertain 
origin. 


LIS 


198 


LTNNEY.  Mr.  Ferguson  says  O.  Norse, 
linni,  a  snake. 

LINSEY.     See  Lindsay. 

LINSTEAD.  Parishes  in  SulFolk  and 
Kent. 

LINTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Roxburgh,  Haddington,  Cambridge,  Derby, 
Devon,  Lincohi,  Hereford,  Kent,  York,  &c. 

LINTOT.  A  place  in  the  department 
of  Seine  Inferieure,  Normandy  ;  another  in 
the  arrondissement  of  Havre.  Tlie  family 
were  in  Shropshire  in  the  XII.  century. 

LINWOOD.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Lin- 
coln and  Hants;  also  a  manufacturing 
village  in  Renfrewshire. 

LION.  By  the  common  consent  of  all  ages 
and  countries,  the  lion  has  been  acknow- 
ledged as  one  of  the  noblest  of  creatures, 
and  there  is  perhaps  scarcely  a  language 
under  heaven  in  which  its  designation  does 
not  supply  one  or  more  personal  or  family 
names.  Our  Christian  name  Leonard  means 
lion-hearted,  and  Lionel,  the  young  Lion. 
Scotland  had  its  AVilliam  the  Lion,  as  we 
our  Richard  Cceur  de  Lion,  and  this  cog- 
nomen has  been  applied  to  princes  and 
chieftains  everywhere.  Men  of  high  degree 
of  old  took  it  from  the  charge  of  their 
shields ;  men  of  low  degree  got  it  from  the 
signs  of  their  houses;  and  lions  of  every 
hue  now  adorn  the  sign-post,  as  of  yore 
they  did  the  banners  of"  the  battle-field. 

LIPP.     See  Leap. 

LIPPINCOTT.  The  baronets  (extinct 
1829)  traced  their  family  into  Devonshire 
in  the  XVI.  century,  and  there  is  little 
doubt  that  the  name  was  originally  LufHn- 
cott,  from  a  parish  in  that  county  so 
called. 

LIPSCOMBE.  Probably  from  Liscombe, 
a  parish  in  Buckinghamshire. 

LIPTROT.  "Probably  compounded 
with  liof,  dear;  it  corresponds  with  a 
German  name  Liebetrut."     Ferguson. 

LIQUORISH.  Lickorous  or  lickei'ish  is 
a  medievalism  retained  in  many  dialects; 
it  means  dainty,  affected,  addicted  to  indul- 
gence. Chaucer  uses  it  in  the  form  of 
lihi-rous,  to  signify  gluttonous,  lascivious. 

LISCOMBE.  A  hamlet  in  Buckingham- 
shire. 

LISIIMAN.  A  corruption  of  Leechman, 
or  perhaps  Scot.  lci>iJi,  tall  and  active. 
Jamieson. 

LISLE.  "  Of  this  surname  were  several 
families,  springing  originally  fi-om  two, 
which  had  derived  the  designation,  one 
from  the  Isle  of  Ely,  the  other  from  the 
Isle  of  Wight."  Eurke's  Ext.  Peerage. 
Eighteen  dilTerent  coats  of  arms  are  as- 
cribed to  this  name  by  Berry.  The  prin- 
cipal forms  of  it  are  Lisle,  L'Isle,  Lyle, 
Lylle,  Lyell.  In  charters  it  was  latinized 
De  Insula. 

LISTER.  1.  A-Sax.  li.slre,  a  person  who 
read  some  portions  of  the  church  service. 


LIT 

2.  Perhaps  in  some  instances  a  corruption 
of  Leicester.  3.  A  inore  likely  derivation 
than  either,  is  from  the 0.  Eng. iitstcr,adyev, 
tinctor.  The  iusun-ectionary  movement 
in  Norfolk,  called  Lister's  Rebellion,  in 
1381,  was  headed  by  John  Lister  or  Littes- 
ter,  a  dyer  of  Norwich,  who  caused  himself 
to  be  proclaimed  "  King  of  the  Commons." 
Now  this  worthy,  being  one  of  the  persons 
who  in  that  age  had  not  yet  adopted  a  sur- 
name, upon  attaining  such  "bad  eminence," 
took  the  designation  of  his  trade  by  way  of 
distinction,  and  was  called  John  Littester, 
'the  dyer,' just  as  his  forerunner  and  ex- 
emplar, AValter,  from  his  having  to  do  with 
tiles,  had  been  known  as  Wat  Tyler.  For 
an  account  of  the  Rebellion,  see  Blomefield's 
Norfolk,  and  Papers  of  Norf.  Arch.  Soc. 
vol.  v.,  p.  348.  Litster,  tinctor.  Nomiuale 
MS. 

In  Lord  Ribblcsdale's  family  the  name  is 
local,  as  the  pedigree  ascends  to  a  John  de 
Lister,  who  in  C,  Edward  II.  was  resident 
at  Derby,  and  transferred  himself  to  York- 
shire, on  his  marriage  with  the  daughter 
and  heiress  of  John  de  Bolton,  bow-bearer 
of  Bollaud. 

LISTON.  A  parish  in  Essex,  and  Listen 
Shiels,  a  district  in  Edmburghshire. 

LIT.     See  Lite. 

LITCHFIELD.  The  city  in  co.  Stafford, 
more  properly  written  Lichfield. 

LITE.     See  Lyte. 

LITHERLAND.  A  township  of  Sefton, 
CO.  Lancashire. 

LITHGOW.  A  contraction  of  Linlith- 
gow, a  well-known  Scotch  town. 

LITT.     O.  E.  lite,  little. 

LITTLE.  1.  A  person  of  diminutive 
stature.  Like  the  Fr.  Le  Petit,  the  Germ. 
Klein,  &c.  2.  Perhaps  the  same  as  Lid- 
dell. 

BELITTLE.  This  word  enters  A^ery  fre- 
quently into  our  local  and  family  names ; 
e.  g.  Littleford,  Littlefield,  Littlewood, 
Littleworth,  Littleton. 

LITTLEBOYS.  See  Peverel.  It  may 
however  be  a  corruption  of  the  Fre"  "^^ 
Lillebois. 

LITTLECHILD.  Probably  a  sobriquet 
applied  by  antiphrasis  to  a  large,  powerful 
man.  Child  however  has  a  distinct  mean- 
ing.    See  Child. 

LITTLEDALE.  Apparently  an  older 
and  more  correct  form  of  Liddesdale,  by 
which  is  intended  the  dale  or  basin  of  the 
river  Liddel,  in  Roxburghshire.  The  family 
trace  to  the  neighbouring  county  of  Cum- 
berland. 

LITTLEFAIR.   R.G.  16.  See  Littlefear. 

LITTLEFEAR.     A  man  of  courage. 

LITTLEFIELD.  A  place  in  Kent 
giving  name  to  a  hundred. 

LITTLEIIEAD.  1 .  From  some  j)romoa- 
torij  so  called,    2.  From  the   smallness  of 


LLE 


197 


the  original  bearer's  head— the  opposite  of 
Greathead. 

LITTLEJOIIN.  See  John,  a  termi- 
nation. As  we  have  the  surname  of  Rohln- 
Jtood,  a  sobriquet  borrowed  from  the  fa- 
mous outlaw  of  Sherwood  Forest,  it  is  pro- 
bable that  this  name  has  a  similar  origin 
from  his  famous  compeer.  It  is  clear,  at 
least,  that  the  herald  who  devised  the 
family  arms  thought  so,  when  he  gave, 
"Argent,  tJtree  arrows  Gules,  two  in  saltier 
and  one  in  pale,  feathered  Or,  between  six 
trefoils  slipped  of  the  second."  (Burke's 
Armory,  in  nam.)  It  may  be  remarked, 
however,  that  the  French  liave  the  corres- 
ponding names  of  Petit-jean  and  Fetit- 
pien-e — Little-John  and  Little-Peter. 

LITTLEPAGE.  A  personal  attendant 
of  diminutive  size. 

LITTLEPROUD.  E.G.  16.  Whether 
"little"  and  "proud,"  or  only  slightly  tainted 
with  the  deadly  sin,  does  not  appear. 

LITTLER.  A  corruption  of  Littleover, 
CO.  Derby.     Eng.  Surn.  i.  Ul. 

LITTLETON.  Many  places  in  various 
counties  are  so  designated.  The  celebrated 
jurist,  Sir  Thomas  Lyttel  ton,  who  had  three 
sons,  whose  posterity  were  elevated  to 
the  peerage  in  each  line,  sprang  maternally 
from  Thomas  deLuttelton,  of  co.  Worcester, 
temp.  Henry  III.  The  surname  probably 
originated  at  one  of  the  several  places 
called  Littleton,  in  that  coimty. 

LITTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Somerset, 
Dorset,  Derby,  and  York. 

LIVELY.     From  natm-al  disposition. 

LIVEjMOEE.     The  same  as  Livermore. 

LIVENS.  In  early  Dutch  records  (m 
the  United  States)  are  found  such  names  as 
Yei- — i.e.  Yrouwe,  Belenszoon,  Ver  Lieven- 
zoon — Dame  Belen's  sou.  Dame  Lieven's 
son.  Belen  and  Lieven  are  both  apparently 
baptismal  names  now  obsolete.     Dixon. 

LIVER.  Probably  the  same  as  Lever  or 
Leaver. 

LIVERMORE.    Two  parishes  in  Suftblk, 

,,^rore  usually  written  Livermere. 

_r.  ESEY.  LIVESxVY.  A  township 
m  the  parish  of  Blackburn,  co.  Lancaster. 

LIVET.     See  Levett. 

LIVICK.  Probably  a  corruption  of  the 
Fr.  VEvkiuc,  the  Bishop. 

LIVING.  An  A-Sax.  personal  name. 
There  was  a  Living,  archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, and  another  of  the  same  name,  bishop 
of  'Worcester. 

LIVINGSTONE.  A  parish  in  Linlith- 
gowshire. 

LIZAR.  LIZARS.  A.-Norm.  kizar,  a 
leper. 

LLEWELLYN.  A  very  ancient  Welsh 
personal  name,  borne  by  many  princes 
and  magnates  of  Celtic  origin.  Comp. 
Howlyn. 


LOG 

LLOYD.     A  well-known  Welsh  personal 
name — sometimes  corrupted  to  Floyd  and 
Flood.     As  an  hereditary  surname  it  does 
not  date  beyond  the  XYI.   century,   yet 
many  of  the  "families  bearing  it  are  of  great 
antiquity,    as,    for    example  : — Lloyd    of 
Bronwydd  is  23rd  lord  of  the  Barony  of 
Kemes,  co.   Penabroke,  in  hereditary   des- 
cent from  Martin  de  Tours,  a  companion  of 
William  the  Conqueror.    Lloyd  of  Plymog 
claims    from   jMarchudd   ap    Cyuan,   who 
flourished   in   the  IX.  cent.,  and  founded 
tlie  eighth  noble  tribe  of  North  Wales,  and 
Powys :  King  Henry  YII.  sprang  from  this 
family.     Lloyd  of  Aston  springs  from  the 
royal  house  of  Powys.     Lloyd  of  Dan-yr- 
allt  descends  from  Cadivor  ap    Dyfuwall, 
lord  of  Castle  Howel,  temp.  Henry  II..  and 
lineally  sprung  from  Ehodri  Mawr,  King 
of  Wales.    Lloyd  of  Coedmore  claims  from 
an   ancient   Prince  of  Ferlys.     Lloyd  of 
Clockfaen   springs   from  the  great  Tudor 
Trevor,  in  the  X.  cent.      Lloyd   of  Pale 
derives  paternally  from  Held  Molwyrogg, 
a  chieftain  of  Denbighland,  founder  of  the 
ninth  noble  tribe  of  N.  Wales   and  Powys. 
For  these  and  many  other  particulars,  see 
B.L.G. 

In  proof  of  the  numerousness  of  the 
Lloyds  in  the  rank  of  Gentry,  it  may  be 
mentioned  that  more  than  thirty  different 
coats  of  arms  are  ascribed  to  the  name. 

LOADER.     See  Loder. 

LOAKE.     Probably  the  same  as  Lock. 

LOAN.     A  township  in  Durham. 

LOBB.  A  clown,  a  clumsy  fellow.  "  A 
lilunt  country  ?o&."  Stanihurst.  (Hal- 
liwell.) 

LOCH.  A  Celtic  word,  implying  some- 
times  a  lake,  and  sometimes  an  arm  of  the 
sea,  or  asstuary. 

LOCHTAY.  The  well-known  Scottish 
lake. 

LOCK.    See  Locke. 

LOCKARD.  Loch-Ard,  a  beautiful 
sheet  of  water  near  Ben  Lomond  in  Scot- 
land. 

LOCKE.  1 .  A  place  where  rivers  meet 
with  a  partial  obstruction  from  a  wooden 
dam.     2.  The  same  as  Loch. 

LOCKE.  The  Scandinavian  god  of  mis- 
chief—the  Evil  Principle  of  the  Northern 
mythology— was  called  Lok,  and  the  name 
may  have  been  afterwards  a  sobriquet  of 
derision  applied  to  a  bad  or  injurious  man. 

LOCKER.     A  lockmaker. 
LOCKETT.      A    corruption    of   Lock- 
hart. 
LOCKHART.    SeeLockavd  above— afar 

uaore  probable  origin  than  that  assigned  by 
tradition.  King  Robert  Bruce  ordered  his 
licaH  to  be  conveyed  to  the  Holy  Laud  for 
burial,  and  the  good  Sir  James,  Lord 
Douglas,  was  deputed  to  carry  it  thither. 
One  of  his  attendants  took  his  surname  of 
Lockhart  from  the  circumstance    of    his 


LOG 


198 


LON 


having  carried  the  key  of  the  caslcet !  Pegge's 
Curial.  Miscell.  p.  229. 

LOCKINGTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Leicester  and  Yorli. 

LOCKLIN.      Probably   Mac  Laughlan, 

sans  IMac. 

LOCKMAiST.  1.  Perhaps  the  person  who 
superintended  a  loclt  or  wooden  dam  in  a 
river.  2.  In  Scotland  lohuian  means  an 
executioner.     See  Henuilcer. 

LOCKSMITH.     The  occupation.      Loc- 
smyth.     H.R. 
LOCKTOX.     A  chapclry  in  Yorkshire. 

LOCKWOOD.  A  township  in  York- 
shire. 

LOCKYEAR.     See  Lockyer. 

LOCKYER.     A  lockraaker. 

LOCOCK.     See  Luke. 

LODDIGES.  "The  son  of  Lodic  or 
Ludwig."    Talbot's  Eng.  Etym. 

LODDON.  A  river  in  Berkshire.  Also 
a  hundred  and  parish  in  co.  Norfolk. 

LODER.  LOADER.  L  A  carter  or 
carrier.  Halliw.  frojn  Noniinale  MS.  In 
the  South,  a  man  who  carries  out  flour  from 
a  mill  is  called  a  Loader.  2.  A  corruption  of 
Lowther. 

LODE'\^^:CK.        LuJwIg,      Ludovicus, 

Louis. 

LODGE.  A  temporary  building  ;  some- 
times a  more  permanent  one.  In  many 
instances  a  manor-house  of  small  preten- 
sions is  called  a  Court-Lodge.  Fr.  logp,  a 
lodge  or  cabm,  particularly  in  Forest  dis- 
tricts. 

LODGES.  "  Les  Loges"  Is  the  name  of 
several  localities  in  Normandy. 

LOFT.  LOFFT.  From  residence  in  a 
loft  or  upper  chamber.  The  form  Ad  le 
Loft,  "at  the  Loft,''  occurs  several  times  in 
H.R. 

LOFTHOUSE.     See  Loftus. 

LOFTS.  A  further  corruption  of  Loft- 
house.     See  Loftus. 

LOFTUS.  A  contraction  of  Lofthouse, 
a  parish  in  Yorkshire.  The  family  "  appear 
to  have  flourished  in  Yorkshire  as  early  as 
the  reign  of  Alfred  1"  B.L.G.,  where  the 
archives  of  York  Minster  are  given  as  the 
authority. 

LOFTY.  From  pride  or  arrogance  of 
disposition. 

LOGAN.  A  Celtic  word  used  In  Scottish 
topography,  both  singly  and  as  a  pi-efix,  and 
siguifyiug  a  hollow  place,  or  plain,  or 
meadow  surrounded  by  rising  grounds, 
Gaz.  of  Scotl. 

LOGIE.  The  same  as  Logan.  ]\Iany 
parishes  and  districts  of  Scotland  bear  this 
name,  both  with  and  without  a  sufBx. 

LOGGIE.  Probably  from  Logic,  many 
parishes  and  places  in  Scotland. 


LOKE.  A  private  road  or  path.  East. 
(Halliwell.)  See  however  Locke. 

LOLLARD.  A  AVIclIffite ;  originally  ap- 
plied as  a  name  of  contempt  to  some  dis- 
sentient from  Roman  Catholic  views. 

LOMBARD.  A  native  of  Lombardy. 
See  Lambarde.  Any  banker  or  usurer  was 
so  called.  In  the  Netherlands,  a  Lombard 
was  an  excoramimicated  j^erson.  He  was 
denied  the  sacraments  and  Christian  burial, 
and  no  priest  would  "marry  him  to  any 
woman,  excej^t  bee  first  promise  to  leave  off 
being  a  Lumbarde,  and  doe  make  restitu- 
cion."     Archffiologia,  xxix.  2S6. 

LOMBE.     An  archaic  form  of  Lamb. 

LOMER.  L  St.  Lomer,  a  parish  in  ISTor- 
mandy,  now  called  Lomer-sur-Guerne,  in  the 
arrondisseraent  of  Alen^on.  It  was  an- 
ciently written  Villa  Sancti  Launomari. 
Itin.  de  la  Normandie.  2.  A  lome  is  in 
some  dialects  a  tub ;  hence  a  Lomer  may  be 
a  tub-maker.  .3.  Leomer  in  Domesd.  is  a 
baptismal  name. 

LONDE.  Several  places  In  Normandy 
bear  the  name  of  La  Londe,  particularly 
the  great  forest  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Seine  below  Rouen. 

LONDESBOROUGH.  A  parish  in 
Yorkshire,  the  presumed  site  of  the  Roman 
station  Delgovitia. 

LONDON.  Besides  having  become  a 
local  surname  in  the  usual  mode,  this  great 
city  has  given  rise  to  several  others,  as  Lon- 
don-bridge (E.  Surn.  i.  34.)  Londonoys, 
Loudouish,  Londonsuch,  and  Londres.  De 
London,  De  Londouia,  De  Londr.     H.R. 

LONDONISH.  Belonging  to  London. 
So  Kentish,  Devcnish,  Cornish,  &c. 

LONDONOYS.  Chaucer  applies  the 
word  Londenoys  to  a  Londoner. 

LONDRES.  The  Fr.  orthography  of 
London.  Hearne  says  that  Lonclrcis  is  an 
old  expression  meaning  Londoners. 

LONE  or  LUNE.  A  river  In  Lanca- 
sbire. 

LONG.  From  stature  ;  a  tall  person. 
One  of  the  family  of  Preux,  an  attendant  on 
Lord  Treasurer  ITungerford,  from  his  great 
height,  acquired  the  sobriquet  of  Long 
Hemy.  On  his  marriage  to  a  lady  of 
quality  he  trausj)osed  this  appellation  to 
Heniy  l-ong,  and  became  the  founder  of 
the  Longs  of  Wiltshire.  Camden.  The  H.R. 
forms  of  the  name  are  Lougus,  Le  Long, 
and  Le  Longe. 

^^  LONG.  A  component  syllable  of  many 
local  surnames,  some  of  which  have 
been  borrowed  from  places  that  are 
not  found  in  the  gazetteers ;  as  Long- 
bourne,  "the  long  stream  or  boundary  ;" 
Longden,  "  the  long  pasture  or  vale  ;" 
Lougdill,  "the  long  dale;"  Longhurst, 
"the  long  wood  ;"  Longland  "  the  long 
heath  ;"  Longley,  "  the  long  meadow ;" 
Lougmire,  "  the  long  morass ;"  &c. 

LONGBOTTOM,     Local :  see  Bottom. 


LOO 


199 


LOT 


LONGCHAMP.  Fr.  'long  field'— a 
place  in  the  arrondissement  of  Andeli  in 
Normaud}'. 

LONGDEN.  Probably       Longdon, 

2)arishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Salop,  Staflbrd,  Wor- 
cester, &c. 

LONGE.     See  Long. 

LONGESPEE.  O.  Fr.  lojigue  espee, 
"  long-sword."  This  name  was  originally 
assigned  to  William  Talbot,  a  courtier  of 
Richard  Coeur-de-Lion,  on  account  of  the 
lengtli  of  his  weapon.     Dugd.  Baronage. 

LONGFELLOW.  1.  Originally  applied 
to  a  tall  person.  2.  An  ingenious  etymolo- 
gist has  derived  it  fi-om  the  Fr.  surname 
Longuevilliers.  The  Poet's  ancestors  are 
said  to  have  emigrated  to  America  from 
Yorkshire. 

LONGHEAD.     The  long  promontory. 

LONGHURST.  A  township  in  Nor- 
thumberland. 

LONGMAID.     See  Langmead. 

LONGMAN.  1 .  A  man  of  great  statui-e. 
2.  A  village  in  Banfl'shire. 

LONGMATE.  Apparently  not  a  syno- 
nym of  'Longfellow,  but  the  same  as  Lang- 
mead,  which  see. 

LONGNESSE.  1.  A-Sax.  ncesse,  a  nose, 
headland,  or  promontory.  2.  From  length 
of  nose — a  personal  jjeculiarity. 

LONGRIDGE.  A  township  in  co. 
Durham,  and  a  village  in  co.  Linlithgow. 

LONGSHANKS.  From  length  of  legs  ; 
the  well-known  sobriquet  of  Edward  the 
First,  and  a  still-esistiug  family  name. 

LONGSTAFF.     See  Langstaffe. 

LONGUEVILLE.  LONGVILL.  From 
Longueville,  a  small  town  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Lower  Seine  in  Normandy,  of 
which  the  Longuevilles,  Earls  of  Bucking- 
ham, were  anciently  lords.  This  family 
gave  the  suffix  to  Overtou  Longueville,  co. 
Huntingdon.     Longevil,  Lougvile.     H.Il. 

LONGVAL.  Fr.  loiig,  and  obs.  val,  the 
long  vale  or  valley — a  local  surname  com- 
mon in  France,  and  corrupted  among  us  to 
Loogvale,  Longwall,  Lougwell,  &c. 

LONGVILLIERS.  Long-Villers,  a 
parish  in  the  arrondissement  of  Caen,  in 
Normandy. 

LONSDALE.  Considerable  divisions  of 
Westmoreland  and  of  Lancashire  are  so 
called. 

LOOKER.  In  the  S.  of  Engl,  a  herds- 
man ;  especially,  in  marshy  districts,  a  man 
who  superintends  cattle,  and  drives  them 
to  higher  grounds  in  case  of  sudden  iioods, 
&c. 

LOOSE.     A  parish  in  Kent. 

LOOSELY.     See  Loosley. 

LOOSLEY.  Loselcy,  a  hamlet  and 
manor  near  Guildford,  co.  Surrey. 


LOPES.  Tlie  baronet's  family,  of  Portu- 
guese extraction,  and  long  resident  in  the 
island  of  Jamaica,  settled  in  England  in  the 
last  century. 

LOPEZ.     See  Lopes. 

LOPPE.  An  uneven  piece  of  ground, 
perhaps  the  same  as  Zoivc. 

LORAIGNE.  LORAYNE.  LOR- 
RAINE. From  the  well-known  disti-ict  of 
France.  The  Loraines  are  said  to  be  a 
Norman  family,  and  to  have  been  origin- 
ally settled  in  the  county  of  Durham, 
Kirk  Hall,  the  residence  of  the  baronet  in 
Northumberland,  was  obtained  by  his  an- 
cestor in  marriage  with  the  heiress  of  Del 
Strother,  temp.  Henry  IV.  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men. 

LORD.  LORDE.  A  title  given  to 
monks  and  persons  of  superior  rank ;  the 
equivalent  of  Dominus  and  Dan,  which 
signify  nothing  more  than  master.  In  old 
times  a  sort  of  sobriquet,  applied  to  the 
leaders  of  festivities,  as  Christmas  Lords, 
Lords  of  Misrule,  kc.  Le  Lord,  is  exceed- 
ingly common  in  H.R. 

LORD  AN.  O.  E.  lurdan,  a  clown,  an  ill- 
bred  person ;  a  lazy  fellow. 

LORBIER.  A  maker  of  bits,  spurs,  &c., 
for  horses.  A  Lorimers'  Company  for  the 
city  of  London  was  incorporated  so  lately 
as  the  year  1712,  though  it  is  known  to 
have  existed  in  the  XV.  century.  Those 
bearers  of  this  surname  ^^vho  prefer  a  more 
dignified  extraction,  might  deduce  them- 
selves from  Gosceliuus  Loremarius,  one  of 
the  Conqueror's  tenants  in  chief,  men- 
tioned in  Domesday,  co.  Essex ;  but  query 
whether  that  personage's  name  itself,  is  not 
a  mere  latinizatiou  of  Lorimer?  Lorimar. 
Le  Lorimer.     H.R. 

LORKIN.  LORKING.  A  diminutive 
of  Lawrence. 

LORN.     A  district  of  Argyleshire. 

LORRAINE.     See  Loraigne. 

LOSCOiMBE.  A  hamlet  in  Dorsetshire, 
parish  of  Netherbury. 

LOSECAMP.  Clearly  local-though  I 
do  not  find  the  place.  In  proof  of  the  cor- 
ruptibility of  surnames,  we  may  mention, 
that  this  name,  probably  derived  from  some 
manor  or  estate  which  was  once  the  pro- 
perty of  the  family,  would  retain  its 
phonetic  identity  if  written  Loiv-scanqK 

LOSPITAL.  O.  Fr.  Vhospital,  "the 
liospital."     See  Spital. 

L0TE:\LVN.  1.  A-Sax.  a  pirate.  See 
Lutman.  2.  Lote,  a  southern  provincialism 
for  a  loft.  I.  Atte  Lote  occurs  in  a  docu- 
ment of  1296. 

LOTHIAN.  The  district  on  the  soutli 
side  of  the  frith  of  Forth,  which  includes 
the  counties  of  Haddington,  Edinburgh,  and 
Linlithgow. 

LOTT.  1.  A-Sax.  lote,  crafty  ;  or  A-Sax. 
hlot,  a  caster  of  lots,   a  fortune-teller.     2. 


LOY 


200 


LOV 


The  Hebrew    personal    name.      Fil'Lote. 
H.R. 

LOUBIER.  Probably  from  Loiiviers,  a 
considerable  town  in  the  department  of 
Eure,  in  Normandy. 

LOUDON.  Loudoun,  a  great  parish  in 
Ayrshire.  The  progenitor  of  the  family 
was  James  the  son  of  Lambin,  who  ob- 
tained "Laudon,"  from  llichard  Morville, 
who  died  in  1189,  the  minister  of  William 
the  Lion. 

LOUDWELL.     See  Well. 

LOUGHBOROUGFL  A  town  in  Leices- 
tershire. 

LOUIS.     The  personal  name, 

LOUNDE.     See  Lowndes. 

LOVAINE.  LOUVAINE.  LOYEYNE. 

A  celebrated  city  of  the  Netherlands. 

LOV  AT.     A  hamlet  in  Liverness- shire. 

LOVE.  This  name  relates  not  to  the 
tender  passion,  but  is  an  old  modification 
of  the  Fr.  Lohjj,  wolf.  In  the  same  way 
Lupellus,  the  diminutive,  became  Loupel 
and  Lovel.  One  family  of  this  name  bear 
wolves  in  their  arms.     Le  Love.     H.E. 

LOVECHILD.     An  illegitimate  person. 

LOVEDAY.     A  day  appointed  for  the 
arbitration  of  differences.    (A-S.  lah-daer/.') 
A  court-leet  was  so  called. 
"  I  kan  holde  love-daiies, 
And  here  a  re\es  rekenjnijr ; 
Ac  in  canon  nor  in  decretals 
I  can  noglit  rede  a  l^nie." 

P.  Ploughman,  3326. 
But  as  the  name  occurs,  with  its  modern 
spelling,  and  without  any  prefix,  iuLelaud's 
lloll   of  Battel   Abbey,   and  in  the   H.E., 
it  probably  has  some  other  meaning. 

LOVEGOD.  LOVEGOOD.  'Love 
God.'  Tlie  Germans  have  Gottlieb,  the 
Italians  Amadio,  the  French  Amadis,  in  the 
same  sense.     Talbot's  English  Etymol. 

L0VEKD7.  Probably  Love,  wolf,  with 
the  termination  Kix — "the  little  wolf." 
See  Love. 

LOVEL.  LOVELL.  A  very  common 
surname,  since  our  heraldric  dictionaries 
assign  about  40  coats  to  it.  It  is  a  deriva- 
tive of  the  Lat.  hqn<s,  wolf,  thus :  Lupus, 
Loup,  LupelliTS,  Louvel,  Lovel.  The  cele- 
brated Hugh  d'Abrincis,  Earl  of  Chester, 
surnamed  Lupus,  was  a  nephew  of  the  Con- 
queror. The  barons  Lovel,  introduced  into 
England  at  the  Conquest,  were  lords  of 
Yvery  in  Normandy.  Ascelin,  the  son  of 
Robert,  the  head  of  this  race,  who  succeeded 
in  1083,  was  called  Lupus  on  account  of  his 
viol  3nt  temper.  His  younger  son,  William, 
Earl  of  Yver}'',  acquired  the  diminutive  so- 
briquet of  Lupellus,  the  '  little  wolf,'  after- 
wards softened  to  Lupel,  Luvel,  and  Lovel. 
Baronage.     See  Wolf. 

Lvjnis,  wolf,  and  Lnipdhis.  little  wolf,  were 
rendered  French  as  Lou  and  Lord.  In  the 
middle  nges  this  was  a  common  name  for  a 
dog.  According  to  Stowe,  William  Colling- 
borne  was  executed  in  the  year  1484,  for 


stigmatizing  the  favourites  of  Richard  III., 
Catesby,  Ratcliffc,  and  Lovel,  in  the  follow- 
ing couplet ; — 

The  Ratte,  the  Catte,  and  Lovell, 
OUK  bogge. 

Rule    all    England     under    the 

HOGGE. 

The  baronial  family  derived  their  name 
from  William,  Earl  of  Yvery,  in  Normandy, 
and  lord  of  Castle  Gary,  co.  Somerset,  who 
acquired  the  sobriquet  of  Lupellus,  "the  lit- 
tle wolf,"  as  his  father  had  previously  done 
that  of  Lupus.  He  flourished  in  the  reign  of 
King  Stephen,  and  most  of  his  descendants 
adopted  the  sobriquet  as  their  family 
name.     Peerage. 

LOVELADY.     See  Lady. 

LOVELOCK.  Lovelocks  were  "  pendent 
locks  of  hair,  falling  near  or  over  the  ears, 
and  cut  iir  a  variety  of  fashions.  This  ridi- 
culous appendage  to  the  person  is  often  al- 
luded to  bj'  the  writers  previous  to  the  Res- 
toration." Halliw.  I  do  not  know  whether 
any  trace  of  this  fashion  is  found  in  the 
middle  ages,  though  it  seems  probable  that 
the  surname  was  first  bestowed  upon  some 
fop  who  indulged  in  it.  The  H.R.  mention 
one  Walterus  le  Loveloker.  Was  he  a  cul- 
tivator of  "love-locks?"  I  think  he  is 
moi'e  likely  to  have  followed  the  sterner 
occupation  of  a  holier  after  lores,  or  wolves. 
See  Love. 

LOVELUCK.     See  Lovelock. 

LOVELY.  Possibly  from  amiability  of 
character ;  but  more  likely  the  name  of 
some  place  terminating  in  leij. 

LOVENEl^  The  ancient  barony  of 
Louvigni,  near  Caen,  in  Normandy. 

LOVER.  An  ancient  orthography  of 
Louviers,  the  Norman  town,  is  Lo^wer. 

LOVET.  LOVETT.  Eicardus  Lovet 
is  said  to  have  come  hither  at  the  Conquest, 
accompanied  by  his  two  sons,  William  and 
Robert.  The  elder  held  in  capite,  by  the 
Conqueror's  grant,  lands  in  cos.  Bedford, 
Berks,  Leicester,  and  Northampton.  From 
the  XIV.  century  the  family  have  been 
principally  connected  with  the  county  of 
Buckingham,  where  as  knights  and  gentle- 
men of  good  estate  they  have  possessed 
Liscombe  from  generation  to  generation. 
Tlie  late  Sir  Jonathan  Lovett  was  created  a 
baronet  by  king  George  III.  on  the  follow- 
ing occasion :  "  In  the  summer  of  1781,  the 
Earl  of  Chesterfield,  having  been  some  time 
absent  from  Court,  was  asked  by  the  King, 
where  he  had  been  so  long  1  '  On  a  visit 
to  Mr.  Lovett  of  Buckinghamshire,'  said 
the  Earl.  ^AhP  said  the  King,  'is  that 
Lorctt  of  Liscomltc  ?  They  are  of  tlie  gen  uine 
old  Korman  breed;  how  happens  it  that 
they  are  not  baronets  1  Would  he  accept 
the  title  ?  Go,  tell  him  that  if  he'll  do  so, 
ifs  much  at  lais  service:  they  have  ever 
been  staunch  to  the  crown  at  a  pinch  !'  " 

Thc)-e  is  a  tradition  that  an  early  ances- 
tor of  the  family  was  '  master  of  the  wolf- 
hounds '  to  one  of  the  Norman  kings.  This 
probably  arose  from  the  peculiar  arms  of 


LOW 


201 


LUC 


the  family  :  Quarterly,  three  wolves'  heads, 
and  three  wolves  passant,  and  the  crest,  a 
wolf's  head.  These  bearings  are  of  course 
of  the  allusive  kind,  and  relate  to  the  name, 
which  is  a  softened  derivative  of  the  Fr. 
louj).  louve,  a  wolf.  See  much  curious  in- 
formation respecting  the  family  in  Burke's 
Extinct  Baronets.  In  Domesday  Book  a 
William  Loveth  occurs  as  a  tenant  in  chief 
in  Berks  and  Leicester,and  a  William  Lovet 
in  Bedfordshire.  They  were  doubtless  one 
and  the  same  person. 

LOYETOT.  Two  places  in  Normandy 
bear  this  name,  which  as  a  surname  in 
England  dates  from  early  Norman  times ; 
viz.  :  Louvetot-pres-Bellencombre,  not  far 
from  Diejipe,  and  Louvetot-sur-Caudebec, 
in  the  arroudissement  of  Yvetot. 

LOVITT.     See  Lovett. 

1^^  LOW.  (A-Sax.  Mdw)  a  rising  ground. 
Hence  the  names  of  man)'  places  which 
have  given  rise  to  surnames,  as  Ludlow, 
Barlow,  Callow,  Bedlow,  Hadlow,  Mar- 
low,  Winslow,  Henslow,  Thurlow. 

I.OW.     See  Lowe. 

LOWANCE.  Corresponds  with  the  old 
German  personal  name,  Leouza,  of  the  IX. 
cent.     Ferguson. 

LOWDELL.  Probably  the  same  as 
Loudwell. 

LOAVDER.  LOUDER.  Corruptions 
of  Lowther,  which  see. 

LO>VE.  LOWES.  .  I.  The  same  as  Law 
— a  small  rising  ground.  See  Lower.  2. 
Sometimes  perhaps  the  German  loyve,  a 
lion.  In  some  instances,  according  to  tra- 
dition, the  name  is  of  Norman  origin,  being- 
one  of  the  various  forms  of  loiij),  a  wolf. 

LOWELL.  Probably  the  same  as  Le- 
vel]. 

LOWEN.     See  Lewin. 

LOWER.  The  registered  pedigree  of 
the  Lowers  of  Cornwall  carries  them  back 
to  about  the  time  of  Jolin  or  Henry  III., 
and  both  name  and  family  are  probably 
from  a  Corno-British  source.  In  Sussex, 
almost  the  only  other  county  in  which  the 
name  occurs,  it  is  found  as  early  as  temp. 
Henry  VI.,  but  I  have  not  yet  been  able  to 
trace  any  connection  between  the  two  fami- 
lies. It  is  possible  that  the  Sussex  name 
may  be  equivalent  to  Atte-Lowe,  which 
occurs  in  documents  of  the  XIV.  ceuturj'. 
In  the  XV.  cent,  the  prefix  ^ at'  was  fre- 
quently replaced  by  the  termination  'er.' 
See  the  articles  -law,  -low,  and  -er. 
Loherus  occurs  in  the  Domesd.  of  Suffolk 
as  a  baptismal  name,  and  Lower,  as  an 
unprefixed  surname,  is  found  in  the  H.E.  of 
that  county. 

LOWICK.  Places  in  cos.  Northumber- 
land, Lancaster,  and  Northampton. 

LOWMAN.  See  -low,  man,  and  er. 
A  dweller  by  or  upon  an  eminence. 

LO^VXDES.     I  can  find  no  better  etymo- 
logy for  this  name  than  launde,   0.  Eng. 
2  D 


for  a  forest-glade  or  lawn.  In  '  Morte- 
Arthure  '  this  word  is  written  loundes.  The 
family  claim  to  be  of  Norman  origin. 

LOWNE.  Lowland  Scotch.  The  glos- 
sary to  Burns  says,  "a  fellow,  a  raga- 
muffin ;"  also  a  careless,  half-grown  lad. 
"  The  usual  figure  of  a  Skye  boy  is  a  lown 
with  bare  legs  and  feet,  a  ragged  coat  and 
waistcoat,  a  bare  head,  and  a  stick  in  his 
hand."     Boswell's  Tour  to  the  Hebrides. 

LOWREY.     LOWRIE.     See  Lowry. 

LOWRIE.  Loifj'ie  and  lawrie  are,  in 
Scotland,  designations  of  the  fox,  and  the 
words  are  also  applied  to  a  person  of  crafty 
or  fox-like  disposition. 

LOWRY.  Frequently  written  Lewry, 
In  Normandy  there  are  two  places  called 
Lorei — one  in  the  arroudissement  of  Evreux, 
the  other  in  the  Cotentin.  At  the  making 
of  Domesday,  Hugh  de  Luri  held  lands  in 
capite,  CO.  Dorset.  Another  Norman  patri- 
arch, William  Leurie,  (without  the  terri- 
torial  prefix)  was  a  tenant  in  chief  in  cos. 
Oxon,  Glouc,  and  Essex.  But  see  Lowrie. 
Some  Lowrys  claim  descent  from  the  Scot- 
tish family  of  Laurie,  of  Maxwelton,  near 
Dumfries,  whose  name  was  variously  writ- 
ten Laurie,  Lawrey,  Lawrj',  Lowry,  Lowrey, 
and  Lowray.     B.L.G. 

LOWTIL  1.  From  Louth,  the  Lincoln- 
shire town.  2.  The  Norman  surname 
Lovet  (which  see)  is  sometimes  spelt 
Loueth  in  Domesday  Book. 

LOWTITER.  A  parish  in  Westmore- 
land, the  cradle  of  the  ancient  race  so 
called.  "  Eminently  a  knightly  family, 
traced  by  Biydges  to  Sir  Gervase  de  Low- 
ther, who  was  living  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
III."  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 
The  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  the  head  of  the 
house,  is  resident  at  Lowther  Castle,  in  the 
above-named  parish. 

The  principal  variations  in  the  spelling 
of  this  name  have  been  Loder,  Louder, 
Loader,  Louthre,  and  Lowther. 

LOXLEY,  A  parish  in  co.  Warwick, 
and  a  liberty  in  co.  Stafford. 

LUARD.      At   the   Revocation   of   the 

Edict  of  Nantes,  1G85,  Robert  Abraham 
Luard  came  from  Caen  in  Normandy,  and 
settled  in  London ;  a  quo  the  Luards  of 
Lincolnshire  and  Essex. 

LUBBOCK.  Possibly  from  Lubeck,  a 
city  in  Lower  Saxony. 

LUCAR.  Possibly  from  the  chapelry  of 
Lucker,  in  Northumberland. 

LUCAS.  Gr.  and  Lat.  Luke.  Why  the 
name  of  this  evangelist  should  have  become 
a  family  name  in  its  original  form,  while 
the  other  three  are  only  so  in  their  angli- 
cised shape,  is  not  apparent.  The  Encycl. 
Herald,  assigns  eleven  diflerent  coats  to 
Lucas,  but  only  one  to  Luke. 

LUCCOCK.  See  Luke,  and  the  termina- 
tion COCIv. 

LUCEY.     See  Lucy. 


LUM 


202 


LUP 


LUCOCK.     See  Luke. 

LUCOMBB.  LUCKOMBE.  A  place 
in  tlie  Isle  of  Wight. 

LUCK.  LUCRE.  A  native  either  of 
Lucca,  in  Italy,  or  of  Liege,  in  the  Nether- 
lands. Speaking  of  the  latter  town,  Andrew 
Borde,  in  his  Boke  of  Knowledge,  says : 
"  The  lond  of  Lewke  is  a  pleasauutcountre; 
the  cheefe  towne  is  the  cytie  of  Lewke. 
The  speche  is  base  Doch."  Or  it  may  be 
from  one  of  the  parishes  of  Luc-sur-mer, 
or  Luc-le-chateau,  in  Normandy, 

LUCKCOCK.  See  Luke,  and  the  ter- 
mination COCK. 

LUCKER.  A  chapelry  in  Northumber- 
land. 

LUCKETT.     A  diminutive  of  Luke. 

LUCKIB.  A  Scottish  surname  ;  like  the 
classical  Felix,  Fortunatus,  &e. 

LUCKIK      LUCKING.      LUCKINS. 

See  Luke. 

LUCKY.      1.  Fortunate.     2.  A  corrup- 
tion of  Lockoy,  a  local  name. 

LUCY.  Anciently  De  Luci.  Luci  is  a 
parish  in  the  arrondissementof  Neufchatel, 
in  Normandj',  Temp.  Henry  I.  Eichard  de 
L.  was  lord  of  Diss,  co.  Norfolk,  The 
Shaksperean  Lucys  claim  descent  from  the 
De  Charlcotes  of  Charlcote.  Dugdale 
thinks  they  may  have  been  maternally  de- 
scended from  the  Norman  De  Luci's. 

LUDBROOK.  Perhaps  the  Norse  Lod- 
brok.  Eaguar  Lodbrok,  the  celebrated 
Northman  sea-king,  derived  his  surname, 
signifying  "shaggy-breeches,"  from  the 
nether  garments  which  he  wore,  made  of 
the  skins  of  wild  beasts.     Ferguson. 

LUDE.  An  estate  in  Blair  Athol,  Perth- 
shire, which  formerl}^  had  possessors  of  the 
same  name. 

LUDGATE.  One  of  the  ancient  gate- 
ways of  the  city  of  London,  whence  Lud- 
gatc  Street. 

LUDLOW.     A  town  in  Shropshire. 

LUFF.  Apparently  an  old  personal  name, 
whence  Lufkins,  and  the  local  Luffingham, 
Luffincot,  &c. 

LUGG.     A  river  in  Herefordshire. 

LUKE.  The  Christian  name,  besides 
standing ^jcr  se  as  a  family  name,  has  given 
rise  to  several  others,  as  Lukin,  Luckins, 
Luckings,  Luckock,  Lucock,  Locock, 
Luckett. 

LUKIN.     LUKYN.     See  Luke. 

LUM.  A  woody  valley,-  a  deep  pit. 
Halliwell. 

LUMB.     See  Lum. 

LUMLEY.  The  Lumleys  are  of  Anglo- 
Saxon  descent,  and  have  been  seated  in 
the  county  of  Durham  from  the  time 
of  the  Conquest.  Liulph,  who  lived  before 
the  year  1080,  is  theiirst  recorded  ancestor. 
The  majestic  castle  of    Lumley,   in   the 


parish  of  Chester-le- Street,  co.  Durham, 
from  which  the  family  received  their 
name,  is  still  the  chief  abode  of  the  Earl 
of  Scai'borough,  the  representative  of  the 
house. 

When  King  James  I.,  in  1603,  visited 
Lumley  Castle,  Dr.  James,  Bishop  of  Dur- 
ham, wishing  to  do  honour  to  his  friend 
John,  Lord  Lumley,  gave  his  majesty  a 
prolix  account  of  his  family ;  but  the 
monarch,  having  little  taste  for  such  de- 
tails, and  growing  weary,  cut  him  short 
with  the  remark  :  "  Oh,  mon,  gang  na 
farther ;  let  me  digest  the  knowledge  I  ha' 
gained,  for  I  did  na  ken  Adam's  name  was 
Lumley !"  Proud  of  their  pedigree,  it  is 
not  a  matter  of  surprise  that  the  phrase 
The  Lofty  Lujileys  was  applied  to  this 
family. 

The  Lumleys  of  Bradfield,  baronets, 
(extinct  1771)  descended  from  Domiuigo 
Lomelin,  an  Italian  by  birth,  and  of  the 
bedchamber  to  Henry  VIIL,  who  com- 
manded and  maintained  at  his  own  charge 
a  troop  of  horse,  at  Boulogne,  for  the  use  of 
the  King.  His  successors  anglicised  their 
name  to  Lumley. 

LUMSDAINE.     See  Lumsden. 

LUIMSDEN.  "  An  ancient  manor  in  the 
parish  of  Coldingham,  Berwickshire,  be- 
longing to  a  family  of  that  name  so  early 
as  the  reign  of  David  I.  The  ancient  ^;f<?Z 
of  Lumsden  (see  Peel)  probably  occupied 
the  site  of  the  present  farm-house  of  East 
Lumsden  ;  but  in  the  XIV.  cent,  the  family 
removed  their  abode  to  Blanerne,  on 
the  banks  of  the  Whitadder,  where  its 
picturesque  remains  still  exist."  Imp. 
Gaz.  Scotl.  The  surname  is  first  found  in 
acharter  between  11 GG  and  1182.      B.L.G. 

LUND.  Lund  is  a  well-knoAvn  bishop's 
see  and  university  in  Sweden.  A  family  of 
this  name  settled  in  Yorkshire  from  Nurem- 
burg  in  the  XVI.  century.      See  Lunn. 

LUNDIN.  A  place  in  Fifeshire,  which 
in  ancient  times  belonged  to  the  family. 

LUNDY.  1.  The  island  in  the  British 
Channel.     2.  The  Fr.  Lundi,  i.e.  Monday. 

LUNGLEY.  The  same  as  Longley. 
See  LoxG.   De  Lungeley.   H.E.  co.  Suflblk. 

LUNHUNTER.  One  who  hunts  a  Inn; 
but  what  species  of  game  that  may  be 
battles  my  inquiry.  See  however  Eng. 
Surn.  i.  110,  for  some  guesses  on  the 
subject. 

LUNN.  A  corruption  of  Lund.  There 
are  several  localities  so  called  in  Lanca- 
shire and  Yorkshire. 

LUNNIS.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Londouoys,  which  see. 

LUNSFORD.  A  manor  in  the  parish 
of  Echinghara,  co.  Sussex,  Avhich,  accord- 
ing to  genealogists,  belonged  to  the  family 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  the  Confessor.  The 
name  was  originally  De  Lundresford. 

LUPTON.  A  township  in  Westmore- 
land. 


LUX 


203 


LYO 


LUSBY.     A  parish  in  Liucolnshixe. 

LUSCOMBE.  An  estate  near  Dawlish, 
CO.  Devon,  which  belonged  to  the  family, 
and  was  their  residence  temp.  Henry  V. 
and  probably  much  earlier,  as  the  name  of 
Hugh  de  Luscombe  occurs  in  that  county, 
9.  Edward  I. 

LUSTY.     Stout,  valorous. 

LUSTYBLOOD.  Shakspeare  uses 
'  blood  '  in  the  sense  of  dhposHion,  and 
we  still  say  hot,  or  cold,  blooded,  in  the 
same  sense.     A  brave  or  valorous  fellow. 

LUTHER.  As  an  English  surname 
probably  a  corruption  of  the  great  northern 
name  Lowther.  It  may  however  be 
identical  with  the  Teutonic  Luther, 
Lothaire,  Lothario,  &c.  One  of  the  Saxon 
kings  of  Kent  was  a  Lothere. 

LUTMAN.  L  A  Sax.  lutan,  to  stoop  or 
bow  ;  O.E.  lut  and  lout,  the  same — a  man 
who  stoops  in  his  gait.  2.  A.  Sax.  lotman, 
a  pirate.  3.  A  pilot ;  see  Richardson,  in 
voc. 

LUTON.     A  parish  in  Bedfordshire. 

LUTTLEY.  Luttley  is  in  the  parish  of 
Enfield,  in  Staffordshire,  and  Philip  de 
Luttley  was  lord  thereof  in  the  20th  )-ear 
of  Edward  1.  Hence  the  Luttleys  of 
Shropshire,  and  those  of  Herefordshire, 
now  Barneby.  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men. 

LUTTMANN.  See  Lutman.  The  ex- 
tinct family  of  this  name,  formerly  located 
at  Idehurst  and  Sparr,  in  the  parish  of 
Wisborough  Green,  co.  Sussex,  anciently 
wrote  themselves  Lutemares})re  or  Lide- 
marespe  alias  Lotcmanespe.  These  spellings 
occur  in  undated  deeds  ;  but  in  the  reign  of 
Edw.  IIL  the  name  had  settled  down  to 
Lutma',  i.e.  Lutman.  The  seal  attached  to 
all  the  early  charters  of  the  family  is 
^  S.  WILL'  D'LVTHMARSPE,  from 
which  it  would  appear  that  some  local 
name,  whatever  its  ancient  form,  had  b(3- 
come  corrupted  into  Luttman.  Inf.  H.  F. 
Napper,  Esq. 

LUTTRELL.  A  Norman  family,  who  are 
found  in  England  soon  after  the  Conquest. 
In  the  reigns  of  Henry  I.  and  Stephen,  Sir 
John  L.  held  in  capite  the  manor  of  Hoton- 
Pagnel,  co.  York.  The  name  is  probably 
derived  from  a  diminutive  form  of  the 
French  loiitre,  an  otter. 

LUTWIDGE.  Ludovicus  (Louis)  has 
been  suggested  as  the  origin  of  this  name ; 
but  the  second  sj-llable  may  be  a  corrup- 
tion of  tvicJi,  and  thus  it  may  be  of  local 
origin. 

LUTWYCHE.     See  Lutwidge. 

LUXFORD.  The  Luxfords  of  Sussex 
bear  arms  closely  appi'oximating  to  those  of 
the  very  ancient  family  of  Lunsford  of  the 
same  county,  of  whom,  according  to  tradi- 
tion, they  are  a  liranch. 

g^°  LY.    A  termination — another  form  of 
Ley  or  Lee.  See  Lee.  It  is  to  this  source 


that  we  owe  tlie  advcrMalAooYvag  sur- 
names which  Mr.  Clark  has  thus  brought 
together : — 

"  First — Wisely,  Bodily,  and  Barely, 
Ai'e  naines  we  only  meet  with  rarely ; 
And  so  Mith  Evily",  Rashly,  Lightly, 
Each  is  a  name  we  know  but  slightly ; 
Meanly,  Softly,  Slowly,  Qiiicldey, 
Basely,  Roughly,  Loosely,  Weakley, 
Neatly,  Cleverly,  and  Duly — 
A  curious  list  of  Surnames  truly." 

Siifiuimes  Metrically  Arrcnwjed,  drc. 

LYALL.  Perhaps  the  same  as  Lisle  ; 
perhaps  0.  Fr.  loijall,  loyal. 

LYDDEKER.  A  Dutch  family  who 
settled  in  our  American  colony  (Long  Is- 
land) in  or  before  1654.  At  the  outbreak 
of  the  American  war,  the  representative 
espoused  the  British  cause,  settled  in 
England,  and  founded  the  family  here. 

LYDDON.     A  parish  in  Kent— Lydden. 

LYDE.  An  extinct  parish  in  Hereford- 
shire. 

LYDIARD.     Several  parishes,  &c.,  in  co. 

Somerset. 

LYE.     See  under  lee. 

LYELL.  A  corruption  of  De  LTsle, 
through  Liel  and  Lyle. 

LYFORD.     A  chapelry  in  Berkshire. 

LYGO.  The  same  as  Lithgow,  Linlith- 
gow. 

LYHART  A  modification  of  Le  Hart. 
Walter,  29th  bishop  of  Norwich,  1446— 
1472,  was  variously  written  Hart,  Le  Hert, 
and  Lyhart. 

LYLE.     The  same  as  Lisle. 

LYI\IEER.     See  Limber. 

LYiNIBERNER.  A  limeburuer.  Nonse. 
1341. 

LYNCH.  See  LInch.  Several  gentry 
families  of  this  name  reside  in  cos.  Galway 
and  Mayo.  They  are  descended  from  the 
settlers  known  as  the  tribes  of  Galway.  In  a 
document  in  Ulster's  office,  William  le  Petit 
is  said  to  have  been  the  ancestor  of  the 
Lynch  family  in  Ireland.     B.L.G. 

LYNDE.     See  Liud. 

LYNDON.     A  parish  in  Rutland. 

LYNDSEY.     Sec  Lindsay. 

LYNE.  A  parish  in  Peebles-shire  ;  an 
estate  near  Newdigate,  co.  Surrey  ;  and 
rivers  in  cos.  Peebles,  Devon,  and  Fife. 

LYNER.     H.R.  Le  Lyner.     A  maker  of 

lines  or  cords  1 
LYNN.     See    Lin.     Also   the  town   iu 

Norfolk. 
L  YNNELL.  Perhaps  the  baptismal  name 

Lionel. 
LYON.       1.    Lord   Strathmore's   family 

descend  from  John  de  Lyon,  ^vho  obtained 

from  King  David  II.  baronies  and  lands  in 

the  shires  of  Perth  and  Aberdeen.     2.  See 

Lion, 
"A  whilom  student  at  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin,  a  great 

fop,  got  the  sobriquet  of  Dandy-Lyon,  which  greatly 


MAB 


204 


MAC 


annoyed  him.  To  his  high  gratification  he  afterwards 
became  possessed  of  an  estate,  togetlier  witli  the 
name  of  Winder  ;  but  the  cliange  of  name  was  hardl)' 
a  change  for  the  better,  as  he  immediately  became 
known  throughout  the  university_as  Beau-  Winder !" 

LYONS.  Not  from  the  great  French 
city,  but  from  the  small  town  of  Lious-la- 
Foret,  in  the  department  of  the  Eure  in 
Normandy. 

LYS.  This  name  has  a  very  remarkable 
and  somewhat  romantic  origin.  After  the 
death  of  Joan  of  Arc,  her  previously  hmiible 
family  were  ennobled,  by  Charles  VII. 
in  1429,  and  had  a  grant  of  tl^e  following 
emblematical  coat  of  arms  : — "  Azure  Ije- 
tween  two  fleurs-de- 
lys,  Or,  a  sword,  in 
pale,  point  upwards, 
supporting  an  open 
crown,  fleur-de-lyse 
Or."  In  consequence 
of  this  distinction, 
the  family  assumed 
the  name  of  Du  Lys 
d'Arc.  The  last  of 
the  race  in  France  is 
believed  to  have  been 
Colombe  du  L)'s,  Prior  of  Coutras,  who 
died  in  1760;  but  the  family  still  exist  in 
England.  At  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict 
of  Nantes  in  1685,  among  the  numerous 
refugees  who  settled  in  this  country,  was  a 
Count  Du  Lys,  who  fixed  his  abode  in 
Hampshire.  "  His  eldest  male  descendant, 
and,  as  I  believe,"  says  Mr.  Sneyd,  in 
Notes  and  Queries,  vol.  vii.,  p.  295,  "  the 
representative  of  the  ancient  and  noble 
family  of  Du  Lys  d'Arc,  derived  from  a 
brother  of  the  Maid  of  Orleans,  is  the  Eev. 
J.  T.  Lys,  Fellow  of  Exeter  College,  whose 
ancestors,  after  the  period  of  their  settle- 
ment in  England,  thought  proper  to  drop 
the  foreign  title,  and  to  curtail  their  name 
to  its  present  form." 

LYSAGHT.  Presumed  to  be  an  old 
Irish  Christian  name,  as  Lord  Lisle's  family 


claim  descent  from  the    great   house   of 
O'Brien. 

LYSLEY.  The  family  were  seated  for 
centuries  in  Yorkshire.  Thej^  are  "  a 
branch  of  the  great  family  of  Lisle,  de- 
scended from  Radulphus  de  Lisle  (De 
Insula)  at  the  time  of  the  Conquest." 
B.L.G. 

LYSONS.  This  family,  who  have  been 
for  many  generations  established  in  co. 
Gloucester,  are  said  to  have  migrated 
thither  from  Wales.  In  the  XVI.  century 
the  name  was  written  Lj'sans,  Leyson,  and 
Lisou.  It  was  probably  derived  fi'om 
Lison,  a  place  in  the  department  of  Calva- 
dos, in  Normandy. 

LYSTER.     See  Lister. 

LYSTOR.     See  Lister. 

LYTE.  A.-Sax.  lyt,  little— referring  pro- 
bably to  the  stature  of  the  bearer.  A  good 
Chaucerian  word.  The  Poor  Parson  is  de- 
scriljed  in  the  Canterbury  Tales  (Prologue 
49.3,  &c.),  as  a  zealous  visitor  of  his 
flock  :— 

"  Wyd  was  liis  parisch,  and  houses  fer  asondur, 
But  lie  ne  lefte  not  for  reyn  ne  thondm-, 
In  siknesse  ne  in  mescheif  to  visite 
The  ferrest  in  his  parisshe  moche  and  lite." 

i.e.  the  most  remote  members  of  his  parish, 
whether  great  or  small. 

LYTEMAN.  A  man  of  diminutive 
stature,  a  little  man.     See  Lyte. 

LYTTELTON.    See  Littleton. 

LYTTLETON.  The  name  is  derived 
from  a  place  in  the  Vale  of  Evesham,  co. 
Worcester,  where  the  ancestors  of  this 
family,  in  the  female  line,  were  seated  before 
the  reign  of  Pachard  I.  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men. 

LYVET.  Eight  places  in  Normandy 
are  called  Livet. 


M. 


JNJLABB.     a  'niirsc-name'  of  Abraham. 

MABBETT.     See  Mabbott. 

MABBOTT.  A  '  nurse-name'  of  Abra- 
liam,  through  "Mabb. 

MABBS.     See  Mabb. 

MABE.     A  parish  in  Cornwall. 

MABERLEY.  MABERLY.  Probably 
the  same  as  Moberley. 

MABIN.  Perhaps  from  St.  Mabyn,  a 
parish  in  Cornwall,  or  perhaps  the  personal 
name — the  same  as  that  borne  by  the  saint 
to  whom  the  parish  was  dedicated. 


MAC-,  a  well-known  prefix  of  sm'namea 
of  Celtic  origin,  signifying  '  son  of,  ' 
and  therefore  cognate  with  the  Aj}-  of 
Welsh,  the  Fitz-  of  Anglo-Norman,  and 
the  -Son  of  English  surnames.  In 
England  and  other  countries  of  Europe 
the  great  staple  of  family  names  is  de- 
rived from  a  territorial  source,  but 
among  the  Celts  of  Scotland,  Ireland, 
and  Wales,  the  surname  was  almost 
uniformly  that  of  the  father  or  some 
ancestor,  with  a  prefix.  In  Ireland  0, 
(formerly  ««)  grandson  or  descendant, 
is  the  ordinary  prefix,  and  the  O's  bear 
the  proportion   of  ten  to   one  to  the 


MAC 


205 


MAC 


Macs.  In  Scotland  the  case  is  re- 
versed, and  while  there  are  said  to  be 
only  three  indigenous  surnames  in  0, 
there  are  many  hundreds  oi  Macs.  See 
art.  0'  in  this  Dictionary. 

By  the  kindness  of  correspondents 
who  have  made  collections  of  surnames 
with  this  prefix,  I  am  enabled  to  lay 
before  the  reader  a  nearly  comjilete  list 
of  them — nay,  it  may  rather  be  called 
redundant,  since  in  many  instances  two 
or  more  variations  of  a  name  have  been 
made  through  ignorance  among  the 
lower  classes  of  the  people.  TJiis  is 
especially  the  case  when  tlie  name 
which  follows  the  Mac  begins  with  a 
vowel,  and  the  c  is  tacked  on  to  the 
beginning  of  the  same  name.  In  this 
way  Mac  Alpine,  Mac  Allan,  and  Mac 
Leod  have  become  Mac  Calapiue,  Mac 
Callan,  and  Mac  Cloud,  to  the  total 
confusion  of  kindred  and  etymolog}'. 
I  am  told  tliat  near  kinsmen  sometunes 
A^^ry  their  common  patronymic  so  much 
that  none  but  themselves  would  imagine 
that  they  were  of  a  common  stock  ;  thus 
a  Mac  Crie  might  be  uncle,  and  a  Mac 
Craw,  cousin,  to  a  MacRae.  In  printing 
these  names  in  SlAC,  therefore,  I  am 
anxious  to  guard  against  their  being  all 
received  as  genuine  surnames,  and  the 
lists,  having  never  been  subjected  to  any 
critical  inquiry,  must  be  regarded  rather 
as  a  curiosity  than  as  tlie  veritable 
nomenclature  of  a  large  body  of  British 
subjects.  The  princijia]  names  in  MAC, 
such  as  those  of  Clans,  will  receive 
each  a  separate  notice  in  the  body  of 
the  work.  As  before  intimated,  a  very 
large  proportion  of  those  here  given,  en 
masse,  are  borne  by  the  lowest  of  the 
Celtic  people,  and  possess  no  historical 
interest.  Some,  on  the  other  hand,  have 
always  been  associated  with  wealth  and 
worldly  respectability  ;  while  a  few  are 
obviously  English  names  to  which  Mac 
has  been  jirelixed  from  mere  caprice,  or 
from  a  desire  of  assimilation  to  the 
Celtic  race. 

I  print  the  lists  as  I  have  received 
them ;  they  are  far  from  being  strictly 
alphabetical. 

The  first  list,  collected  by  Lord  Stair, 
and  privately  printed  by  his  Lordship, 
is  entitled  "  Seven  Hundred  Specimens 
of  Celtic  Aristocracy,  or  AlmacWs  Ex- 
traordinary." 

Mac  Analty 
Anaspie 


Mac  Adam 
Adams 
Adie 
Afee 
Aire 
Ainsh 
Al  aster 
Alister 
Allister 
All 
Allan 
AUeney 
Alley 
Alpine 
Alia 


Andrew 

Ara 

Ardel 

Arly 

Arthur 

Art 

Aranas 

Asey 

Askill 

Aulay 

Anley 

Aully 

Auliife 


Mac  Auslan 
Aughtrie 
Anally 
Bain 
Bauey 
Barr 
Barnet 
Bay 
Bayne 
Bean 
Beath 
Beth 
Binney 
Blane 
Bi-air 
Braardy 
Biayne 
Bryde 
Brain 
Buclian 
Burnet 
Burnie 
Cabe 
Caifrae 
Caig 
Call 
Callan 
Galley 
Callum 
Caiman 
Camon 
Caanmou 
Can 
Caini 
Cance 
Caud 
Caucli 
Calagh 
Cape 
Candlish 
Calmont 
Carmiut 
Carten 
Carty 
Carthy 
Camb 
Cambridge 
Carlie 
Cardie 
Carter 
Cargill 
Cartney 
Carron 
Carroll 
Cash 
Caskill 
Caskie 
Casland 
Casse 
Catan 
Cay 
Chie 
Cheyne 
Clelland 
Clenachan 
Clean 
Cleary 
Climont 
Clymont 
Claverty 
Cleverty 
Chlery 
Clew 


MacClumper 
Clumpha 
Cleish 
Cloy 
■     Clure 
Clarcns 
Clarence 
Cliutock 
Clue 
Cloud 
Clary 
Clencham 
Cluskie 
Clune 
Chi-ystle 
Clung 
Cavins 
Carroughan 
Colla 
Colly 
Condack 
Con key 
Connechy 
Conochie 
Combie 
Comisli 
Come 
CoUom 
Coid 
Coau 
Coard 
Colgau 
Coll 
Connell 
Comb 
Conual 
Concilia 
Comas 
Commisky 
Correl 
Corkle 
Corry 
Cormick 
Cormack 
Cord 
Cool 
Cook 

Corkindale 
Cork  indie 
Cosh 
Coul 

Coughtrie 
Court 
Cow  at 
Coy 

Cornick 
Creery 
Craw 
Crea 
Crie 
Crorie 
Cririe 
Crow 
Criudle 
Creagh 
Creight 
Cracken 
Crossan 
Creery 
Crobeu 
Crone 
Crane 
Creath 


M  A  C 


206 


MAC 


Mac  Ci-irick 

Mac  Fayden 

Cready 

Fadzean 

Courtie 

Eaggan 

Cunn 

Farlane 

Cuaig 

Farlan 

Ciilla 

Fall 

CuUoch 

Farquhai- 

Cullagh 

Feat 

Cully 

Fedzean 

Cull 

Fee 

Culliffe 

Fie 

Curry 

Figgans 

Cutcheon 

Finlay 

Cullich 

Frederick 

Cummin 

Gachen 

Curdy 

Gane 

Cue 

Gaun 

Cubbin 

Garr 

Curdle 

Garvie 

Curtin 

Gakey 

Clullich 

Gany 

Columb 

Ganston 

Conch 

Gaffie 

Cummiug 

Gaw 

Caw 

Gavaran 

Corville 

Garry 

Chattie 

Gavily 

Cleet 

Gavin 

Caa 

Gauran 

Crochan 

Garrighan 

Danuell 

Garva 

Dermot 

Gcchie 

Diarmaid 

Geachau 

Dermid 

Giehan 

Dead 

George 

Donald 

Gee 

DoDuell 

Getlerick 

Donough 

Geehau 

Donagli 

Geachy 

Dowale 

Geocli 

Douall 

Genn 

Dougall 

Gettigau 

Dowell 

Gibbon 

Dougald 

Gilchrist 

Dona 

Gill 

Divett 

Gilliwie 

Duff 

Gil  ray 

Dollan 

Gilnary 

Dade 

Ginn 

Eagar 

Gilp 

Eachau 

Gilligau 

Earchan 

Gillicuddy 

Eachern 

Gillendrish 

Eachiru 

Ging 

Elmail 

Gilliviay 

Elsander 

Ginty 

Elroy 

Garrity 

Elvaine 

Glashan 

Eldery 

Glasliou 

Elrevy 

Glaughn 

Edward 

Glew 

English 

Glinghy 

Enermy 

Gi  trick 

Enta 

Ghees 

Euiry 

Ghie 

Enau 

Gowran 

Evath 

Gonn 

Evers 

Gown 

Ewau 

Gough 

Ewiug 

Gonogil 

Evily 

Gowan 

Ewiii 

Gra 

Ewen 

Grath 

Mac  Gregor 
Griggor 
Grouther 
Grougar 
Groth 
Grau 
Graw 
Graddie 
Guire 
Gubbon 
Guffog 
Gusty 
Guirk 
Guffy 
Gue 
Guiness 
Gutclieon 
Guiggan 
Gudzeon 
Guinness 
Gragli 
Goveny 
Geliatly 
Goldrick 
Hale 
Hah  an 
Harg 
Ilardie 
Hardy 
Haffie 
llattie 
Harrie 
Heather 
Henry 
Hendrath 
Houl 
Houlgh 
Hugh 
Hutchen 
Ian 
Ilree 
Ilveen 
Ilquhan 
II  wraith 
Ilroy 

Ilpheedan 
Ilhose 
Ilvane 
Ildowni 
Ildowie 
Ilwrac 
Inroy 
Innes 
In  doe 
Indie 
Iimalty 
Inarty 
Inuish 
Intosh 
Ilwee 
Isaac 
Ivor 
Jannet 
Kaiu 
Kane 
Kandy 
Kail 
Kaig 
Kardy 
Kay 
Key 
Kean 
Keaud 


Mac  Keon 

Keachie 

Kell 

Keen 

Kechnie 

Kellar 

Keigh 

Kendrich 

Kelekau 

Kelvie 

Kenny 

Kellan 

Kennedy 

Kenewaie 

Keown 

Kessock 

Kenzie 

Kengie 

Kerchar 

Kerrigan 

Kerrow 

Kersy 

Kenna 

Kerrell 

Kerras 

Kerracher 

Kergo 

Kerlie 

Kersie 

Kerrachee 

Keson 

Kewan 

Keogh 

Kennoway 

Kart 

Kid 

Kibbin 

Kie 

Killy 

Killau. 

Killop 

Kimm 

Kin 

Kinnis 

Kinla}^ 

Kinnon 

Kimmon 

Kichan 

Killykclly 

Kinnel 

Kinvine 

Kintock 

Kin  tosh 

Kindlay 

Kins  try 

Kinney 

Kinder 

Kinuimont 

Kimmie 

Kissack 

Kirdy 

Kilterick 

Koeu 

Kye 

Knight 

Kutcheou 

Kreth 

Ky 

Kus 

Koskray 

Kown 

Lachlan 

Lain 


MAC 


20? 


MAC 


Mac  Laine 

Mac  Monzies 

Lane 

Menzies 

Lagan 

Morrice 

Laggan 

Mullin 

Laudsborgli 

Muldroch 

Lae 

Muldrochan 

Lardy 

Munor 

Larn 

Murdoch 

Larea 

Murdie 

Laurin 

Murtrie 

Larty 

Miirchie 

Latchie 

]\Iurray 

Laws 

Murrich 

Lay 

Murrough 

Lauchlan 

Murdo 

Laverty 

Muragh 

La\^Tie 

Murty 

Leau 

Munn 

Leane 

Nab 

Leay 

Nabe 

Lehose 

Nair 

Lennan 

Naghten 

Lerie 

Nally 

Leish 

Nalty 

Leod 

Namara 

Lennon 

Namee 

Letchie 

Nance 

Lea 

Nell 

Learbuck 

Neel 

Levy 

Neil 

Lellan 

Neill 

Learmont 

Neale 

Leroy 

Nee 

Linty 

Nees 

Liver 

Neish 

Lintock 

Neay 

Loughliu 

Nay 

Looney 

Neight 

Ludock 

Neflie 

Lullich 

Nerney 

Liirg 

Neilie 

Lure 

Nemauy 

Lurcan 

Nie 

Lurken 

Night 

Luckie 

Niife 

Machan 

Nish 

Mahone 

Niven 

Main 

Nichol 

Macy 

Nielage 

Manaruy 

Noe 

Mauus 

Noah 

Manchau 

Nolty 

Maran 

Naught 

Martin 

Naughten 

Master 

Nanbourg 

]\Iasli 

Nully 

Math 

Neece 

Menemy 

Neilledge 

Jleilcaa 

Omie 

Meikiug 

Ornish 

Meeking 

Ohoy 

Michael 

Onie 

Millan 

Ord 

Miu 

Ostrich 

Mine 

Owau 

Minn 

Owat 

Millie 

Parian 

Monagh 

Parlen 

Monnies 

Phail 

Morine 

Phadraig 

Morland 

Phadyen 

Morrau 

Phee 

Morrissy 

Phechy 

Mac  Pherson 
Phearson 
Phie 
Phiely 
Philiiny 
Phi  071 
Phun 
Quae 
Quaich 
Quaker 
Quater 
Quaide 
Quarrie 
Quhae 
Quillen 
Quin 
Queen 
Quiston 
Quaig 
Quown 
Kae 
Eaild 
Eaith 
Eabbie 
Eeath 
Eeary 
Eedie 
Eerie 
Reddie 
Eitchie 
Eobie 
Eobbie 
Eobert 
Eon 
Ronald 
Rory 
Eostie 
Eow 
Rorie 
Euer 
Shane 
Sheny 
Slierry 
Skean 


Mac  Skimming 
Sparran 
Spirron 
Sjiorran 
Sween 
Sweeny 
Symou 
Symoud 
Swiggan 
Taggart 
Tavish 
Taverty 
Tear 
Togue 
Toklrough 
Tornish 
Turk 
Tyer 
Ure 
Veagh 
Vean 
Vey 
Vicar 
Vie 
Vigors 
Vitie 
Viester 
Voddieh 
Vorrich 
Vurrich 
Walter 
Ward 
Waters 
Weeny 
Whea 
Whaunell 
Wlieble 
WHiat 
Whirter 
William 
Whiunie 
Whiue 
Whan 
Wheelan 


Since  this  list  was  printed,  Lord  Stair 
has  collected  the  following  additional 
3Iacs : — 


ac  Avenny 
Alexander 

Mac  Coggie 
Crumlish 

Almond 

Cavill 

Angus 

Christian 

Adoo 

Christie 

Alavy 
Alava 
Aodh 

Cardie 

Coglilans 

Condecky 

Artley 
Auck 

Constantine 
Conghie 

Awee 

Corasliin 

Beolain 

Clenchie 

Breer 

Corman 

Brairdy 

Coral 

Brodie 

Cluachan 

Breny 

Boyd 

Brier 

Culdridge 

Calme 

Craghe 

Condie 

Caughey 

Cassey 

Crachaa 

Creak 
Chave 

Cray 
Crailte 

Cam]  ay 
Canclue 

Crath 
Crain 

Combre 

Crimmon 

MAC 


208 


MAC 


Mac  Crinsau 
Crochert 
Glial 
Crohoa 
Culiuan 
Cueisli 
Crorty 
Duffie 
Duugal 
Duacli 
Dimlevy 
Dei'mit 
Diarmid 
Elharan 
Ethelaa 
Eveny 
Elhalten 
Farren 
Favur 
Ferran 
Fedris 
Fedrees 
Fion 
Ferehary 
Gaau 
Grady 
Gahey 
Gladery 
Garriglo 
Gorraue 
Guflerty 
Gaskiue 
Googan 
Gawen 
Geraiighty 
Gilcohngain 
Gilcom 
G lattery 
Glue 
Gin 
Gurk 
Gillon 
Graither 
Gildownie 
Gille 
Gonagh 
Gillegannau 
Gilriacli 
Gormigal 
Gleish 
Gradie 
Gorigan 
Gowrau 
Gorren 
Gawiie 
Grotty 
Gottigan 
Gruther 
Gravio 
Garnet 
Gard 

Gillipatiick 
Hamlau 
Hallan 
Hendrie 
Hir 
Howie 
Houston 


Mac  Aldowny 
Atavcy 


Mac  Ilhone 

Mac  Acy 

Mac  Gavei* 

Ilray 

Alvaney 

Geary 

Hivee 

Bey 

Geclian 

Ilriach 

Birney 

Gerrand 

llvaiu 

Bride 

Gildowny 

Ilwhannell 

Broom 

Gilvray 

Ilwrich 

Boyle 

Ginuis 

Ilwrath 

Bratncy 

Given 

Ilwbam 

Cafferty 

Gladery 

Ilvaine 

Calder 

Glasson 

Indoor 

Calie 

Glover 

Intaggart 

Calla 

Gorrane 

luatty 

Callapin 

Go^vrlicli 

In  turner 

Candie 

Govern 

Indulf 

Cane 

Grady 

In  tyre 

Caysher 

Gruthar 

Ilheron 

Caul 

Guckin 

Iver 

Causlaud 

Guigham 

Ilroid 

Cerran 

Guugill 

Jerrow 

Chesney 

Gurk 

Jan 

Clarney 

Gooch 

lAirkin 

Clasky 

Goran 

Leisle 

Clauchrie 

Grain 

Lorimer 

Clay 

Haig 

Mouran 

Clemand 

Hal  lam 

IMalcolm 

Clement 

Hay 

]\Iichan 

Clishoe 

Hutchison 

Mirref 

Clive 

Heffey 

Maky 

Clounan 

Inalty 

Murter 

Closlvie 

Ilwain 

Murtor 

Clowelle 

11  way 

Murgli 

Clune}'' 

Innany 

Naiu 

Clurkeu 

lutee 

Nanny 

Cole 

Irvine 

Ness 

Colhim 

Karuess 

Nier 

Colm 

Katchner 

Orm 

Combe 

Keavitt 

Owen 

Common 

Kee 

Oubrey 

Commava 

Keeser 

Pake 

Comachie 

Kee^'er 

Phadan 

Coory 

Keillar 

Quilton 

Corrie 

Ivellop 

Rath 

Corquodale 

Ken 

Re 

Cos]  in 

Kennau 

Reuric 

Cowie 

Ken  on 

Reynold 

Crackan 

Kenstry 

Sorlie 

Creadie 

Killigni 

Starvick 

Croarie 

Kew 

Sorley 

Cromlisli 

Killiam 

Shine 

Crosky 

Kimmont 

Swan 

Crotchai-t 

Kiudry 

Target 

Crumie 

Kintry 

Tellicca 

Cubbing 

Kinty 

Tier 

Cullum 

Kuiven 

Thole 

Cumsky 

Kippen 

Vain 

Cune 

Kuue 

Vane 

Daniel 

Kegg 

A^a.yne 

Dorwick 

Kessack 

Veal 

Dymont 

Kittrick 

Vcall 

Egan 

Larnon 

Vial 

Elheran 

Leroth 

Whan  63' 

Elhiney 

Lees 

Whinuan 

Entcer 

Limont 

Wyr 

Entire 

Lise 

Wall 

Ewney 

Long 

Wren 

Erlane 

Lozen 

Wilson 

Fadon 

Lue 

Fare 

Lugash 

Farland 

Lusky 
Mahon 

,  of  Shewalton,  N.B., 

Fedries 

he  following : — 

Garrock 

Meeken 

Mac  Avoy 

Gsvry 

Meekan 

Amend 

Gavel 

Michan 

MAC 


209 


M  A  C 


Mac  Mann 

Mac  Quat 

Mathy 

Quee 

Bleel 

Quilkcn 

Mordie 

Quillan 

Mulkiu 

Quigan 

Nellau 

Quoid 

Neveu 

Quoin 

Nicholas 

Quorn 

Nider 

Ra 

Niece 

Ruvie 

Ninch 

Seveny 

Norton 

Swayed 

Nutty 

Sliddell 

Oubray 

Swiney 

Onehy 

Taldrock 

Peak 

Vale 

Philips 

Yea 

Quade 

Watt 

MAC  ADAM.  The  INI.'s,  of  Waterliead, 
CO.  Ayr,  claim  descent  from  the  head  of  the 
clan  Macgregor ;  but  the  name  was  changed, 
early  in  the  XVI.  ceuturj',  from  Macgregor 
to  Macadam,  in  consequence  of  political 
troubles.  I3.L.G.  The  Macadams  of 
Blackwater,  co.  Clare,  who  settled  iu 
Ireland  temp.  Jas.  I.,  from  Galloway  iu 
Scotland,  were  formerly  called  j\I'Cullum. 
Ibid. 

MAC  ALASTER.  Traced  by  the  ]\IS. 
of  1450  to  Alaster,  a  son  of  Angus  Mor, 
Lord  of  the  Isles,  A.D.  1284.  Alaster  is  a 
Gaelic  form  of  Alexander.     Skene.    B.L.G. 

5IAC  ALPIXE.  Said  to  be  descended 
from  Alpin,  a  Scottish  king  of  the  VIII. 
cent.  The  ancient  name  of  the  Clan  Mac- 
gregor. 

IMACARTNEY.  The  ancestor  was  a 
younger  son  of  the  il'Cavthy  More,  of  co. 
Cork,  who  went  to  Scotland  to  assist  King 
Eobt.Bruce, and  obtained  lands  in  co.Argyle, 
and  afterwards  at  Macartney,  in  Gallowaj'. 
Hence  the  M."s  of  Scotland,  and  of  Ireland, 
whither  a  branch  returned  in  1630.  Burke's 
L.G. 

MAC  AULAY.  (Claii  A?da).  Long  con- 
sidered to  have  been  derived  from  the  old 
Earls  of  Lennox,  and  to  have  got  their  name 
from  Aulay  sou  of  Aulay,  who  appears  in 
Eagman  Roll ;  but  Skene  asserts  that  they 
were  of  the  family  of  De  Fasselane,  who  at 
a  later  period  succeeded  to  that  earldom. 
Dr.  Hume  suggests  quite  a  different  origin, 
from  Olav,  the  Scandinavian  name,  thus — 
]\Iac  Olav,  Mac  Aulif,  Macauley.  Ulster 
Journ.  of  Archreology,  No.  21. 

MAC  BETH.  Gael.  Mac-Bcatliao-.  The 
son  of  Rebecca. 


Gael.     "The   son  of 


MAC  CALMAN. 

the  Dove." 

MAC  CANXON.  A  corruption  of  Mac- 
kinnon. 

IMAC  CARTHY.  Those  of  Desmond 
are  named  from  Carrthach,  a  warlike  an- 
cestor who  flourished  in  the  XI.  cent. 
O'Douovan  in  I.P.J. 

MAC  CASKILL.  Gael.  IMac  Casgeal 
(pron.  Caskil).  ''The  son  of  the  White 
Foot!" 

2  E 


A  corruption  of  Mac 


MAC  CAUSLAND.  Buey  Auselau,  son 
of  O'Kyan,  king  of  Ulster,  to  avoid  the  fury 
of  the  Danes,  passed  into  Scotland,  A.D. 
1016,  and  joined  the  forces  of  king  Mal- 
colm II.  His  descendant,  the  baron  Mac 
Auslane,  was  one  of  the  colonists  of  Ulster 
temp.  Jas.  VI.  and  the  family  still  flourish 
in  Ireland  as  Mac  Causlands.     See  B.L.G. 

MACCLELLAN.  Gael.  Mac-a-ghille- 
dhiolan  (pron.  Mac-il-iolan.)  "  TheTson  of 
the  Bastard." 

MAC  CLINTOCK.  The  M.'s,  originally 
of  Scotland,  have  been  settled  in  Ireland 
from  temp.  Elizabeth.     B.L.G. 

MAC  CLOUD.  A  corruption  of  Mac- 
leod. 

MAC  CONKEY. 

Connochie. 

MAC  CONNOCHIE.     The  same  as  Mac 

Donnacha — the  son  of  Duncan. 

MAC  CORKINDALE.  Gael.  Mac- 
Cork-a-daal.  "  The  sou  of  Core  or  Cork  of 
the  Dale,  or  valley."  Core  is  an  ancient 
Gaelic  personal  name. 

MAC  COSKER.  Mac  Oscar,  Ossian's 
heroic  sou.  In  co.  Wexford  it  is  sometimes 
pronounced  Cosgar,  and  thence  anglicized 
to  Cosgrave. 

MAC  DARBY.     See  Diarmuid. 

MAC  DERMOT.  Assumed  from  Dermot, 
auancestor,  but  ofthe  family  ofO'Malroni. 
O'Douovan  iu  I.P.J.,  365.  The  surname 
was  assumed  in  the  XI.  cent.     B.L.G. 

i\IAC  DIAR]\IID.     See  Diarmuid. 

MAC  DOGALL.  In  general  derived 
from  Dogall,  eldest  sou  of  Somerled,  a  great 
Highland  chief  of  the  XII.  cent.     Skene. 

MAC  DONALD.  The  clan  Macdonald  is 

certainly  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  im- 
portant in  Scotland,  its  chiefs  being  des- 
cended from  Somerled,  thane  of  Argyle,  but 
sometimes  styled  King  of  the  Isles,  who 
flourished  in  the  XII.  cent. 

MAC  DONNELL.  Descended  from 
Donald,  Lord  of  the  Isles,  a  common  an- 
cestor of  the  Earl  of  Antrim.  This  branch 
has  been  settled  in  co.  Clare  for  more  than 
two  centuries. 

MAC  DOUGALL.     See  Macdognll. 

MAC  DO  WALL.  The  same  as  :Macdou- 
gall. 

MAC  DUFF.  Shakspeare's  :\Lacdufl'has 
a  true  historical  basis.     See  under  Duff. 

MAC  DUFFIE,  (or  Macpliee.)  The 
M  's  of  Colousay  are  of  the  same  lineage  as 
Macgregor  and  Mackinnon. 

]\IACE.  Originally  Mace,  a  Freucli 
'  nurse-name'  for  Matthew. 

MACEFIELD.  ]\Iaresfield,  a  parish  in 
Sussex,  is  sometimes  thus  corruptly  pro- 
nounced. 

IIAC  EYOY.  3Iac  Aodh-huidhe  or  the 
Mao  Evoys  are  mentioned  by  O'Brien  as 


MAC 


210 


MAC 


chiefs  of  Tuath-Fiodhbliuidhe,  in  Queen's 
CO.,  and  O'Heerin  thus  refers  to  them— 

"  The  ancient  country  of  Fighbrugh  of  the  fair  lands, 
Is  a  good  lordship  for  a  chieftain. 
The  clan  Mac  Evoy  are  its  inheritors, 
The  yellow-haired  host  of  hospitaUty." 
B.L.G. 

MAC  EWAN.  (ClanEoghannaHoitreic, 
or  clan  Ewen  of  Otter,  whose  castle  was  on 
the  coast  of  Lochfiue.)  Descended  from  a 
common  ancestor  with  the  Maclachlaus. 
Skene. 
MACEY.  1 .  From  Macel  near  Avranches 
in  Normandj\  2.  Maci  is  also  an  old 
Norman  form  of  Matthew. 

MACFADZEAN.  Properly  Mac  Fad- 
yean.  (Gael.  Mac-Fad-Ian.)  "  The  son  of 
Long  John." 

MAC  FARLAX.  (Clan  Pharlan.)  Des- 
cended from  Gilchrist,  a  younger  brother  of 
Malduin,  Earl  of  Lennox,  whose  great- 
grandson  named  Pharlan,  the  Gaelic  for 
Bartholomew,  snrnamed  the  clan.  Skene, 
ii.  155. 

]\IAC  GILL  or  MAGILL.  The  son  of 
Goll,  an  Ossianic  name. 

MAC  GILLEVRAY.  The  son  of  Gille- 
bride.     But  see  next  article. 

MAC  GILLH^RAY.  Mac-Gille-Bhrae 
(pron.  Vrae)  "  The  son  of  the  Lad  of  the 
'  brae  '  or  eminence."  So  say  the  Gaelic 
etymologists,  whom  it  is  a  sin  for  a 
Southron  to  call  in  question  ;  and  it  must 
therefore  pass.     A  hme  is  the  side  of  a  hill. 

MAC  GILLYCUDDY.  A  sept  of  the 
O'Sullivans,  descended  from  O'Sullivan- 
More,  who  gave  one  of  his  sons  a  third  part 
of  his  chieftainry,  and  tlicreupon  the  latter 
received  the  name  of  Gillycuddie,  which  is 
interpreted  to  mean  "the  little  boy  of  the 
portion."  The  chief  alone  bore  this 
remarkable  name  up  to  the  wars  of  IC-il, 
when  the  whole  sept  adopted  it  as  a  sur- 
name.    B.L.G. 

MAC  GREGOR.  This  clan  Is  deduced 
from  Gregor,  or  Gregorius,  3rd  son  of 
Alpin,  a  Scottish  monarch  of  the  VIII. 
cent.,  who  was  named  after  his  godfather, 
Pope  Gregory  IV.  It  is  often  modified  to 
Greer  and  Greerson, 

MAC   GUILLAN".     Considered    to    be 

equivalent  to  JIac-Llewellyn.  See  Howlyn. 

MAC  HEATH.  Head  or  lied  was  a 
Scottish  comes,  temp.  David  I.,  and  his  sou 
Angus  Avas  the  first  of  the  Mac  Heds  or  Mac- 
heaths.     Skene,  ii.  IGo. 

MACHELL.  At  Crakenthorpe,  co.  West- 
moreland, temp.  Norman  Conquest.  The 
name  has  been  variously  written  Maucha;!, 
Malchael,  Mauchell,  and  Machell,  and 
latinized  j\Ialus  Catulus, — "  the  good-fur- 
nothing  Pvpinj  /"  a  very  uncomplimentary 
designation,  but  very  quietly  submitted  to 
by  the  bearers,  as  appears  from  many  a 
charter  in  which  it  occurs. 

MACHEN.  A  parish  in  ]\Ioinnouth- 
sliire.    Perhaps  the  same  as  ilachin. 


MACHIN.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Meschines. 

MAC  lAJSr.  Of  Ardnamurchan.  Fi  om 
John,  a  son  of  Angus  Mor.  Skene,  ii.  Oi. 
Mac  Ian  or  Macdonald  of  Glenco.  From 
John,  son  of  Angus  Og,  Lord  of  the  IkIcs, 
Ibid.  The  name  means  the  son  of  John, 
and  is  sometimes  anglicised  to  Johnsoa, 
but  is  of  course  distinct  from  Johnston,  a 
local  name. 

]\IAC  INNES.       Gael.      Mac-Aongl    . 
(pron.  Mac-Aonais.)  "  The  son  of  iEneas  or 
Angus."     Skene  says  : — a  Flemish  family 
settled  in  the  Highlands,  XII.  cent. 

MAC  INTAGART.  Gael,  'son  of  a 
Priest.'  The  second  recorded  Earl  of  Boss 
is  called  Ferchard  Macintagart. 

MAC  INTOSH.  The  first  who  appears 
in  records  is  Malcolm  M.,  steward  of  Loch- 
aber  in  II-IT.  Skene,  ii.  179.  But  after- 
wards, at  p.  193,  he  speaks  of  Macintoshes  in 
1.39G.  Burke  (L.G.)  deduces  them  from 
Sheagh,  or  Shaw,  second  son  of  Duncan 
Macduff,  third  Earl  of  Fife,  who  acquired 
the  designation  of  Mac-in-tosh-ich,  or  "  the 
Thane's  sou." 

MAC  INTYRE.  Gael.  Mac-an-taoir. 
"  The  son  of  the  Carpenter."  This  Gaelic 
name  corresponds  with  the  Irish  Slactear, 
which  see. 

MAC  IVOR.  Gael.  Mao-Ian-Mohr. 
(pron.  Mac-Ia-vor.)  "  The  sou  of  Big 
John." 

MACK.  A  very  ancient  Scotch  personal 
name  :  also  a  Scottish  adjective — neat, 
tidy. 

.  MAC  KAY.  Skene  observes,  that  "there 
are  few  clans  whose  true  origin  is  more  un- 
certain than  that  of  the  Mackays,"  ii.  287. 
Some  derive  them  from  the  family  of  Forbes, 
CO.  Aberdeen,  others  from  that  of  Mackay 
of  Ugadale  in  Kintyre,  and  assert  that  they 
were  planted  in  the  North  by  William  the 
Lion,  when  he  took  possession  of  Orkney 
and  Caithness.  Skene  however  believes 
them  to  be  of  Gaelic  origin  and  indigenous 
to  Caithness.  The  old  form  of  the  name  is 
Mac  Aaiodh  (Aoi)  '  the  son  of  Hugh,'  or,  as 
others  say,  '  the  son  of  the  Guest.' 

The  liistor}^  of  this  clan  is  fully  detailed 
in  Mackay's  House  and  Clan  of  Mackay, 
Edinburgh,  1829. 

MAC  KENNAN.  MACKENNA. 

KENNA.     Known  corruptions  of  Mackin- 
non  in  Ulster. 

MACKENZIE.  'The  son  of  Keneth." 
The  family  boast  of  their  descent  from  the 
great  Anglo-Norman  race  of  Fitz-Gerald 
in  Ireland  in  the  XII.  cent. ;  but  Skene 
sajs  they  are  of  unquestionably  Gaelic 
origin. 

A  modern  genealogist,  espousing  the 
former  opinion,  says  that  the  Craig-Hall 
Mackeuzies  "  were  scions  of  the  same 
parent  stock  with  the  house  of  Fitz-Gerald 
Earls  of  Desmond,  and  were  seated  on  their 
patrimonial  possessions  in  the  district  of 


MAC 


211 


MAC 


Kj'le,  on  the  soutli--\vesteni  frontier  of  Scot- 
land. Their  relationship  to  the  Fitz 
Geralds  and  their  ownership  of  the  lands  of 
Craig,  about  A.  D.  1150,  are  both  established 
by  a  deed  which  I  have  seen  in  the  Coult- 
hart  collection,  sans  date,  but  which  from 
the  caligraphy  could  not  have  been  executed 
subsequently  to  the  XII.  century,  wherein 
it  appears  that  one  David  Mackenzie  bor- 
rowed from  his  blood-relation,  John,  lord 
of  Ducies  and  Desmond,  two  hundred 
marks,  to  assist  in  fortifying  Craig  Castle 
against  the  freebooters  of  those  times." 
Knowles's  Coulthart  Genealogy.  London, 
1855. 

MACKERELL.  Walter  the  Deacon,  a 
Domesday  tenant-in-chief  in  Essex  and 
Suffolk,  left  two  sons,  one  of  whom  was 
Walter,  surnamed  j\Iascherell,  a  sobriquet, 
probably  having  reference  to  some  pecu- 
liarity in  his  mode  of  eating.  The  omission 
of  the  S,  and  the  hardening  of  CH,  would 
form  Macherel  and  Mackerell. 

MAC  KERRELL.  Ancient  in  Ayrshire, 
and  presumed  to  be  of  Norman  origin.  The 
variations  are  Kirriel,  Kirel,  and  Kirrel  ; 
and  the  surname  also  exists  in  Sweden.  B. 
L.G.  It  seems  to  be  the  same  as  Caryll  in 
England,  the  Mac  having  been  applbixie. 

MACKEY.     See  Mackaj. 

MACKIE.     See  IMackay. 

MAC  KILLIGIN.  Gael.  Mac-Gille- 
Gaun.  "  The  son  of  the  Scrubby  Fellow  !" 
This  on  the  authority  of  an  excellent  Gaelic 
scholar. 

MAC  KLSTXON.  They  are  closely  con- 
nected with  the  IMacdonalds  of  the  Isles, 
and  have  no  history  indej^endent  of  that 
clan.  Skene,  ii.  259.  Ultimately  however 
they  became  a  distinct  clau.  Burke  (L.G.) 
derives  them  from  Fingon,  youngest  son 
of  Alpin,  king  of  Scotland.  The  name 
Macfingon  became  afterwards  Macfinden, 
and  then  Mackiunon. 

MACKINTOSH.     See  Macintosh. 

MAC  KIRDY.  The  M'Kurerdys  were 
the  principal  possessors  of  the  Isle  of 
Bute  at  a  very  early  period.     B.L.G. 

MACKLIN.  1.  A  corruption  of  i\Iac 
Lean,  or  of  Mecklin  in  Belgium.  2.  Dutch, 
te  Mechelen;  at  or  of  Malines. 

MACKNYGHTE.  From  Knowles's 
Genealogy  of  Coulthart  (privately  printed 
1855)  this  seems  to  be  a  local  name.  It 
is  stated  that  theMacknj-ghtes  of  that  Ilk, 
in  the  regality  of  Galloway,  possessed  the 
lands  of  Macknyghte  from  the  time  of 
Uchtred  de  Macknyghte,  A.D.  11 11,  to 
1408,  when  an  heiress  conveyed  the  estate 
to  the  family  of  Eoss. 


MACKRILL. 


See 


MACKRELL. 

Mackerell. 

MACKWORTH.  A  parish  in  Derby- 
shire, the  residence  of  the  family  at  an 
early  period. 


MAC  LACIILAN.  The  clan  Lachlau  or 
Maclachlan.  possessed  the  barony  of  Stratli- 
lachlan  in  Argyleshire.  The  patriarch  of 
the  family  was  Lachlan  Mor,  who  lived  in 
i\iQ  XIII.  cent.  B.L.G.  Traced  to  Gilchrist, 
grandson  of  Auradan,  the  common  an- 
cestor of  all  the  clans  of  this  tribe.     Skene. 

MACLAINE.     See  Maclean. 

MAC  LAURIN.  Gael.  Mac  Glorrin 
(pron.  Mac-Lorin.)  ''  The  son  of  the  blear- 
eyed,  or  of  him  who  has  one  white  eye  !" 

MAC  LEAN.  Originally  Llacgillean. 
From  a  celebrated  Highland  warrior,  Gil- 
lean-in-Tuiodh,  or  Gillean  of  the  Battleaxe. 
B.L.G.  Gaelic  etj-mologists  say,il/«c-a- 
(jldlle-leathan — "the  sou  of  the  Broad  Lad !" 

MAC  LENNAN.  Gael.  Mac-Leannan. 
'■  The  son  of  the  Concubine." 

MAC  LEOD.  Leod,  the  patriarch  of  this 

Highland  family,  settled  in  Skye  from  tlie 
Isle  of  Man.  Boswell's  Tour.  Others  have 
strenuously  argued  for  a  Norwegian  des- 
cent ;  but  for  this  there  is  no  authority.  Tlie 
clau  Leod  are  of  common  descent  with  the 
Campbells,  and,  by  marriage  with  a  daugh- 
ter of  JIacraild,  one  of  the  Norwegian  nobles 
of  the  Isles,  they  obtained  great  possessions 
in  Skye.  Skene,  ii.  275. 
MAC  LURE.  Gael.  Mac  Lolhair  (prou, 
Mac  Lour).     The  son  of  the  Leper. 

MAC  ]MAriON.  Mahon  is  the  old  Irish 
for  a  bear,  and  some  genealogists,  apparently 
on  the  strength  of  this,  derive  the  ilao 
Llahons  from  Walter  Fitz-Urse  (UrsifiUus) 
oue  of  the  assassins  of  Thomas  a  Becket. 

]\IAC  jMANUS.  The  son  of  Manus, 
Magnus,  '  the  great  or  renowned.'    Arthur. 

MAC  ]\IATH  AN.  A  branch  of  the  Mac- 
kenzies  formed  the  clan  Mathan,  who  are 
descended  from  ilathan  or  Matthew,  son  of 
Keneth.  The  name  is  anglicized  to  Mathie- 
son.     Skene,  ii.  241. 

MAC  MURNEY.  Mac  Moirne— an 
Ossiauic  hero.  Ulster  Jouru.  of  Archaeology, 
No.  2. 

MAC  IMURROUGH.  Descendants  of 
Murrough,  father  of  Maelmordha,  king  of 
Leinster.     O'Donovan.  I.P.J. ,  365. 

MAC  NAB.  A  branch  of  the  Mac- 
kinnons. 

jMACHNACHTAN.  Their  traditions 
derive  them  from  Lochtay;  but  Skene  is 
confident  of  their  extraction  from  the  tribe 
of  Moray. 

MAC  NAMARA.  Formerly  styled  Mc- 
Conmara,  as  being  descendants  of  Cu-Mara, 
an  Irish  chief  of  the  X.  cent.  Cumara  in 
Celtic  means  '  Hero  of  the  Sea.'  O'Donovan 
I.P.J.  Another  authority  says:  a  great 
Irish  family,  claiming  descent  from  Cas, 
king  of  Thomond,  who  flourished  early  in 
the  fifth  cent.  The  surname  is  derived 
from  Con-Marra  Qiejvs  maris)  Avho  died  in 
1099. 

MAC  NAUGHTEN.     See  Macnachtan. 


MAC 


212 


MAD 


MAC  NEILL.  The  house  of  Macnelll  or 
clan  Neill  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  of  the 
Western  Highlands.  Their  chiefs,  theM.'s 
of  Bara,  ranked  amongst  the  '  Principesln- 
sularum,'  who  formed  the  council  of  state 
of  the  Lord  of  the  Isles.  They  were  divided 
into  the  two  great  branches,  Macnelll  of 
Gigha,  and  Macnelll  of  Barra,  the  former 
settled  in  the  south  of  Arg3deshire,  and  the 
latter  in  Inverness-shire,  places  so  remote 
from  each  other  that  they  became  prac- 
tically two  distinct  clans.     B.L.G. 

MAC  OMISH.  Gael.  Mac-Thomais, 
(prou.  Ornish.)     The  son  of  Thomas. 

MACONOCHIE.  A  cadet  of  Campbell, 
from  Sir  Neil  Campbell  of  Lochow  (ancestor 
of  the  Duke  of  Argyle)  whose  descendant 
in  the  fourth  degree  assumed  the  name  of 
Mac  Conochie  (Mac  Duncan.)  This  name 
was  limited  to  the  heads  of  the  family,  the 
cadets  being  always  Campbells. 

MAC  PHERSON.  Kenneth  Macpherson, 
who  lived  temp.  Alex.  III.,  was  eldest  son 
of  Ewan,  second  son  of  Murdoch,  Parson 
of  Kingussie  in  Inverness-shire,  and  Captain 
of  the  clan  Chattau.  James  Macpherson, 
the  translator  of  Ossian,  was  born  at  Kin- 
gussie. 

MAC  QUARRIE.  A  clan;  formerly 
owners  of  the  isle  of  Uloa  and  part  of  Mull, 
[originally  of  the  clan  Alpine],  but  com- 
pelled to  dependence  on  the  Macdonalds,  as 
Lords  of  the  Isles.  Their  founder  was  the 
son  of  Guaire  or  Godfrey,  brother  of 
Fingo.  ancestor  of  the  Mackinnons.  Skene, 
ii.  263. 

Gaelic   etymologists  say — Mac-Cnrraidh 
(prou.  Currai).    "  The  son  of  the  Giant." 

MAC  QUEEN.  A  branch  of  the  great 
clan  Macdonald  (Lords  of  the  Isles.)  This 
connection  was  recognised  so  lately  as  the 
year  1778,  by  Alexander,  Lord  Macdonald. 
The  tribe  or  sub-clan  were  known  as  the 
clan  Revan.  In  the  early  part  of  the  XV. 
cent.,  Ehoderic  Dliu  llevan  Mac  Sweene,  or 
Mac  Queen,  quitted  the  Isles  on  receiving 
the  lands  of  Corrybrongh,  &c.,  from  which 
period  the  family  have  been  annexed  to  the 
clan  Chattan.     B.L.G. 

MAC  RAE.  This  aneientHighl.andname, 
signifying  the  '  son  of  Rae,'  or  of  Rath;  i.e. 
"  the  fortunate  one,"  has  nianj^  orthogra- 
phies, of  which  Macray,  JMacraa,  Macraw, 
M'Crie,  and  M'Cree  are  the  chief.  From  the 
prevailing  characteristic  of  the  race  they 
were  called  the  Black  Macraes.  They  are 
said  to  have  come  originally  (into  Scotland) 
from  Ireland  about  the  middle  of  the  XIII. 
cent.  They  were  allies  of  the  Mackenzies, 
and  a  number  of  them  fought  under  the 
INIackenzie  banner  at  the  battle  of  Largs. 
Tliey  seem  never  to  have  had  a  chieftain 
of  their  own.  (Boswell's  Tour  to  the 
Hebrides,  edit.  Carruthers,  p.  107.)  They 
were  in  considerable  estimation  in  1715, 
when  there  was  a  line  of  a  song, 
"And  a' the  hmvc  M'Craas  are  coming  ;" 
but  at  the  time  of  Dr.  Johnson's  visit 
to  the  Highlands  they  were  but  poorly 
off.  "At  Auchnasheal,"  saysBoswell,  "we 


sat  down  on  a  green  turf  seat  at  the  end  of  a 

house We  had  a  considerable  circle 

about  us,  men,  women,  and  children,  all 
Macraes,  Lord  Seaforth's  people.  Not  one 
of  them  could  speak  English.  I  observed 
to  Di-.  Jolnison,  it  Avas  much  the  same  as 
being  with  a  tribe  of  Indians." 

In  allusion  to  this  want  of  civilization, 
they  have  sometimes  been  called  the  wild 
MACRAWS.  "  Macrae  and  Macraw,"  ob- 
serves IMr.  Chambers,  "  are  but  variations 
of  the  same  name.  This  clan  is  said  to  be 
the  most  unmixed  race  in  the  Highlands,  a 
circumstance  which  seems  to  be  attended 
with  (juite  a  conti-ary  effect  from  what 
might  have  been  expected,  the  Macraes 
and  Macraws  being  tJte  handsomest  and 
most  athletic  men  hcyond  the  Grampians." 
Popular  Rhymes,  &c.,  of  Scotland,  1SI2. 

MACRAY.     See  Macrae. 

aiACRIE.     See  Macrae. 

MACREE.     See  Macrae. 

I\IACRAW.     See  Macrae. 

MAC  SWEYN.  A  Hebridean  name— 
"  certainly  Norwegian,  from  Sueno,  king 
of  Norway."     Boswell's  Tour. 

JNIAC  TEAR.  A  contraction  of  MacAteer 
or  Mac  Anteer  (in  Irish,  3fac  an  t'aoir.^ 
"  the  son  of  a  Carpenter."  Ulster  Journ.  of 
Arclipeology,  No.  20. 

MAC  TURK.  Gael.  Mac  Tore.  "The 
son  of  the  Boar." 

jMADDERN.     a  parish  in  Cornwall. 

MADDERSON.  Perhaps  a  translation 
of  the  Welsh  patronymic  Ap  Madre.  Fil' 
Madur  is  found  in  H.R.  co.,  Huntingdon. 

INIADDICK.  The  Welsh  personal  name 
Madoc. 

MADDISON.  Seel\Lidison.  2.  A  corrup- 
tion of  Maddiston,  a  village  in  the  parish 
of  Muiravonside,  co.  Stirling. 

MADDOCK.  MADDOX.  Madoc  an 
ancient  Welsh  personal  name.  One  Ma- 
dochwas  a  tenant  in  chief  in  Herefordshire 
at  the  making  of  Domesday.  He  was 
doubtless  a  Welshman  by  birth. 

I\IADDY.     See  l\ratthew. 

MADEPIURST.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

IMADELY.  Parishes  in  Staffordshire  and 
Shropshire. 

MADERSON.     See  Madderson. 

MADGE.  One  of  the  many  nicknames 
of  Slargaret. 

]\IADISON.  Probably  INIatty's,  that  is 
Matthew's,  son.  The  Madisons  of  the 
county  of  Durham  were  formerly  known 
by  the  uncomplimentary  epithet  ot  TuE 
Mad  Madisons. 

MADLIN.  Probably  IMaudlin,  Magda- 
len.    See  Female  Christian  Names. 

MADOCK.  Madoc,  the  well-known 
Welsh  baptismal  name. 


MAI 


213 


MAI 


MAD  ox.    The  genitive  form  of  Maclock. 

MAGEOGHAN.  The  son  of  Eochagan, 
a  celebrated  chief  of  the  O'Neile  family. 
See  Eng.  Sura.  ii.  G9. 

MAGGS.  Pi-obably  one  of  the  many 
nicknames  of  Margaret.  See  Female 
Christian  Names. 

MAGGOT.  H.R.  Apparently  from 
Blargaret. 

MAGILLAPATRICK.  Descended  from 
Gillapatrick,  "  the  servant  of  St.  Patrick," 
chief  of  Ossory,  who  was  slain  in  'M5. 
O'Donovan  in  Irish  Peimy  Journal. 

MAGNA VILLE.  According  to  De  Ger- 
ville,  the  commune  of  Magneville,  two 
leagues  southward  of  Valogues,  gave  name 
to  the  ancient  Earls  of  Essex  of  this  sur- 
name. Mem.  Soc.  Autiq.  Normandie,  1825. 

MAGNA  Y.  JMost  likely  from  one  of  the 
several  places  in  Normandy  called  Magni. 

MAGNUS.  A  well-known  personal  name, 
borne  by  many  Scandinavian  monarchs. 

MAGOON.  A  corruption  of  MacGowan. 

MAGOTSON.     The  same  as  Magson. 

MAGSON.  Apparently  one  of  the  many 
derivatives  of  Meg,  or  Margaret.  See  Fe- 
male Christian  Names. 

MAGUIRE.     1.  The  CO.  Fermanagh  was 

anciently  the  principality  of  the  sept 
of  Maguire,  who  held  it  for  centuries  after 
the  English  invasion.  Lord  Enniskillen 
was  the  chief  of  this  race.     B.L.G. 

2.  The  son  of  Guaire,  the  Gaelic  for 
Godfrey.  Guaire  was  sou  of  Alpin,  king 
of  Scotland.     Arthur. 

MAHER.  A  modification  of  O 'Meagher 
or  O'Maugher.  An  ancient  Tipperary  family. 

MAHON.  Descended  according  to  tra- 
dition from  the  Mac  Mahons,  the  ancient 
I^rinces  of  Munstcr.  At  the  first  arrival  of 
the  English  in  Ireland,  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  II.,  they  had  large  possessions  in 
that  province,  over  which  they  ruled  as 
hereditary  chieftains.  Courthope's  Debrett. 
Mahon  in  Irish  signifies  a  bear. 

MAHONY.  Anciently  O'Mahony,  pow- 
erful chieftains  in  Munster,  possessing  large 
estates  on  the  sea  coast  of  Kerry  and  Cork. 
B.L.G. 

MAIBEN.  St.  Maiben  is  a  parish  in 
Cornwall. 

MAID.  MAIDMAN.  I  cannot  arrive 
at  any  satisfactory  etymology  for  these 
names,  though  they  may  perhaps  have 
some  reference  to  the  worship  of  the  Virgin. 

MAIDEN.  A  parish  on  the  borders  of 
Wilts  and  Somerset,  better  known  as 
Maiden-Bradley.  There  is  also  a  Maiden- 
Newton  in  CO.  Dorset;  and  in  Scotland 
various  places  bear  this  designation.  But 
it  would  api^ear  that  the  name  was  some- 
times used  as  a  sobriquet,  for  in  the  H.R. 
we  find  one  Adam  le  Maiden. 


MAIDMENT.  Tlie  name  Maidman 
takes  this  form  in  the  parish  register  of 
Gressage  All-Saints. 

MAIGNY.  Camden  mentions  tliis  as  a 
name  introduced  at  the  Conquest.  Four 
places  in  Normandy  are  still  called  Magni. 

MAILER.  1.  A  fai-mer ;  one  who  has  a  very 
small  piece  of  ground.  Jamieson.  A  cot- 
tager who  gets  some  waste  land  for  a  num- 
ber of  years,  rent-free,  to  improve  it.  Ibid. 
2.  Perhaps  Maylor,  ahundi-ediu  Flintshire. 

MAIN.  MAINE.  MAYNE.  From  the 
French  Province. 

MAINWARING.  In  a  MS.  volume 
drawn  up  by  Sir  William  Dugdale,  and 
preserved  at  Over  Peover,  it  is  stated,  that 
the  name  of  this  celebrated  family  has  been 
spelt  in  the  astonishing  number  of  one 
hundred  and  thirty-one  forms,  in  old  records 
and  more  modern  writings.  Some  of  these 
may  be  cited  as  specimens:  1.  Mesnil- 
warin ;  2.  Masnihvaren ;  3.  Mensilwaren  ; 
4.  Meisnilwareu  ;  5.  Meidneilwar  ;  G.  Mei- 
nilwariu  ;  7.  Menilwai'in  ;  S.  Mesnilwariu  ; 
9.  Mesnilgarin  ;  10.  Meingarin  ;  11.  Mayu- 
waringe;  12.  Mainwayringe  ;  13.  Manwa- 
ringe  ;  14.  Mauwairing  :  15.  Maynwaring  : 
16.  Maynering  ;  17.  Mannering  :  18.  Man- 
waring  ;  19.  Main  waring;  20.  Manwarren. 
The  founder  of  the  family  in  England  was 
Eandulphus  de  Mesnilwarin,  who  accom- 
panied William  the  Conqueror,  and  re- 
ceived from  him  Warmingham,  Peover, 
and  thirteen  other  lordships  in  Cheshire, 
together  with  one  in  Norfolk.  His  de- 
scendants si^read  into  many  branches  in 
Cheshire,  and  other  northern  counties,  and 
included  many  personages  of  eminence. 
For  ample  accounts  of  the  family  see 
Ormerod's  Cheshire.  Inf.  Eev.  E.  H.  Main- 
waring  Sladen. 

The  name  Mesnil-Warin  signifies  the 
]\Iauor  of  Warin. — Mesnil,  now  written 
Menil,  enters  into  many  local  names,  about 
ninety  of  which  are  still  found  in  the  Itin. 
de  la  Normandie.  Warin,  Warine,  or  Gua- 
rine,  was  a  common  Christian  name  in 
Norman  times  ;  but  the  particular  person- 
age who  gave  name  to  Mesnil-Warin  is  lost 
in  the  mists  of  antiquity,  and  the  place 
itself  is  not  to  be  traced  on  the  map  of 
Normandy. 

MAIR.  An  officer  attending  a  sheriff 
for  executions  and  arrests.  Jamieson. 
Perhaps  another  form  of  Mayor.  Mair. 
H.R. 

MAISEY.     See  Macey. 

MAISH.  MAISHMAN.  Local  mispro- 
nunciations of  Marsh  and  Jlarshman. 

LIAISTER.  TheMaisters  of  Yorkshire 
have  a  tradition  of  descent  from  the  familj' 
of  Le  Maistre  in  Brittan}'.  The  name  is 
of  course  the  0.  Fr.  le  Maistre,  the  Master. 

MAITLAND.    The  Earl  of  Lauderdale's 

family  were  seated  in  the  soutliern  counties 
of  Scotland  as  early  at  least  as  the  XIII. 
century.  Their  chief  abode  was  Thirlstane 
in  Berwickshire,  but  the  name  would  ax3- 


MAL 


214 


MAL 


pear  to  have  been  derived  from  a  place  in 
the  parish  of  Inveresk,  co.  Edinburgh,  called 
Magdalen  Pans,  by  corruption  Maitland 
Pans,  from  a  chapel  dedicated  to  St.  Mary- 
Magdalen,  which  formerly  stood  there.  This 
property  continued  in  the  family  until  1710. 

MAJEISTDIE.  Tliis  family,  of  some  an- 
tiquity in  the  province  of  Beam,  quitted 
France  in  1G67,  in  consequence  of  the  per- 
secution of  those  who  professed  the  re- 
formed religion.  The  first  settler  in  Eng- 
land was  the  Rev.  Andrew  Majendie,  who 
fixed  his  residence  in  Devonshire  about  the 
year  1700. 

MAJOR.     See  nnder  Manger. 

JNIAJORIBANKS.    See  Marjoribanks. 

MAKEPEACE.  Doubtless  a  mediator, 
or  as  we  now  commonly  say,  a  "  peace- 
maker." The  following  similar  surnames, 
now  apparently  extinct,  are  found  in  medi- 
eval records :  Makejoy,  Makeblisse,  Malce- 
blithe,  Makehayt. 

MAKER.  A  parish  of  Cornwall,  near  to 
Plymouth.  The  fine  seat  of  Mount  Edge- 
combe is  in  this  parish. 

MAKINS.  MAKINSON.  Supposed 
derivatives  of  the  personal  name  Mary. 
See  Eng.  Surn.  i.  171. 

MALACHY.  From  the  personal  name, 
which  was  not  directly  derived,  however, 
from  the  Hebrew  prophet,  but  from  Saint 
Malachy,  archbishop  of  Armagh,  who  is 
said  to  have  died  in  the  arms  of  Saint  Ber- 
nard, in  1148.  There  are  many  other  in- 
stances of  Christian  saints  bearing  the'same 
names  as  the  Worthies  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment, and  we  have  accordingly  St.  Asaph, 
St.  David,  St.  Sampson,  &c.,  &c. 

MALBY.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Maltby. 

MALCOLM.  Originally  a  personal  name, 

signifying  Maol-Cholumb,  '  the  Servaiit  of 
Columba,'  the  famous  saint  of  lona.  So 
Maol-Jes,  the  true  name  of  the  old  Earls  of 
Strathern,  means  *  Servant  of  Jesus.'  See 
cognate  derivations  under  Gilchrist,  Gos- 
patrick,  &c.  (See  Anecdotes  of  Olave  the 
Black,  King  of  Man,  by  Johnstone,  1780.) 
"  Mavile  means  servant;  therefore  Malcolm 
(properly  Mavile  Columb)  the  servant  of 
Columba ;  Malbrigd,  the  servant  of  St. 
Bridget  ;  Malpatric,  the  servant  of  St. 
Patrick ;  Malmory  (Mavile  Maria),  the  ser- 
vant of  St.  Mary."  Ecclesiologist,  April, 
1849.  This  family  represent  "  the  clan 
Challum  or  Mac  Galium,  settled,  according 
to  the  traditions  of  the  countrj',  from  a 
very  early  period  in  Argyleshii'e."     B.L.G. 

MALDEN.     A  parish  in  Surrey. 

MALEMEYNS.  0.  Fr.  "bad  hands," 
but  whether  in  relation  to  manual  de- 
formity, or  to  evil  deeds,  does  not  appear. 
The  name  is  found  temp.  Edw.  I.  The 
similar  name,  Malcbranche,  "bad  arm,"  is 
found  at  the  same  period. 

MALIN.  Probably  from  the  town  of 
Malines,  in  Belgium, 


MALINES.  Camden  mentions  this 
among  names  introduced  here  from  the 
Netherlands,  at  the  period  of  the  Conquest. 
It  must  therefore  be  local,  from  the  city  of 
that  name. 

MALKIN,  A  common  diminutive  of 
Mary.     Halliwell. 

MALLAM.  ISIalham,  a  township  in  the 
W.R  of  Yorkshire. 

MALLARD.  Local — and  said  to  mean 
in  Gaelic,  "  a  high  moimd,  hill,  or  emin- 
ence."    Arthur. 

MALLESON.  Conjectured  to  be  "the 
son  of  Mallet."     See  Mallet. 

JIALLET.  A  name  remarkable  from  its 
having  withstood  the  innovations  of  ortho- 
grapliy  and  nation,  from  the  period  when 
modern  history  is  lost  in  obscurity.  Its 
origin  is  undoubtedly  Teutonic;  for  we  find 
it  has  arrived  in  England  from  two  distinct 
sources,  and  is,  strange  to  say,  both  Saxon 
and  Norman.  Of  the  former,  the  descend- 
ants are  possibly  extinct  long  ere  this  ;  but 
their  name  appears  in  the  Saxon  Chronicle. 
And  whilst  the  family  tree  has  flourished 
with  hardy  vigour  in  its  native  Norway, 
from  time  immemorial  to  the  present  day,  its 
Norman  branch,  constituting  the  great  and' 
distinguished  house  of  Malet-de-Graville, 
which  also  occupies  so  prominent  a  place  lu 
the  history  of  England,  during  the  XL,  XII., 
and  XIII.  centuries,  and  retaining  the 
principle  of  undeca)'ed  vitality,  has  added 
lustre  to  the  annals  of  France,  by  the  great- 
ness and  honours  to  which  it  attained,  and 
by  the  benefits  which  its  services  conferred 
on  that  country,  from  the  early  days  of  Piollo 
to  the  end  of  the  XVI.  century ;  and  of  this,  a 
branch  also  established  itself  in  the  island 
of  Jersey,  in  the  latter  part  of  the  reign  of 
the  Conqueror,  and  the  name  is  still  borne 
by  one  of  the  most  ancient  families  in  this 
"  isle  of  long  lineages,"  where  it  held  a 
se'igneurie,  or  lordship  in  capitc,  of  the  Dukes 
of  Normandy,  lieariiig  its  name.  It  is  now 
represented  by  John  Mallet,  Esq.,  Robert 
Philip  Mallet,  Esq.,  and  William  Edmund 
Mallet,  Esq.,  surviving  sons  of  the  late  Rev. 
John  Mallet,  rector  of  his  original  ancestral 
parish  of  Grouville,  in  that  island.  This 
name  is  derived  from  the  word  onall,  the 
northern  noun  for  the  ponderous  iron  mace, 
in  the  use  of  wliich  the  Norse-men  were 
such  dreaded  and  doughty  adepts,  and  is 
most  properl_v  spelt,  in  accordance  with  its 
derivative,  with  two  L's,  although  written 
frequently  with  one  only. — Contributed  by 
W.  E.  Mallet,  Esq. 

]\IALLIiSrG.  Pai'ishes  in  Sussex  and 
Kent. 

MALMESBURY.  A  town  in  Wilt- 
shire. 

MALONE.  One  of  the  descendants  of 
the  house  of  O'Connor,  Kings  of  Conuaught, 
having  received  tlie  tonstu-e  in  honour  of 
Saint  .John,  was  called  Manl  Eoin,  "  sacred 
or  dedicated  to  John,"  which  was  after- 
wards corrupted  to  Malone. 

]MALPAS.     A  town  in  Cheshire. 


MAN 


215 


MAN 


MALSTER.     A  corruption  of  Maltster. 

MALTBY.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
York  and  Lincoln. 

MALTHUS.  A  corruption  of  JNIalt- 
house. 

MALTON.  Two  parishes  in  York- 
shire. 

MALTRAYERS.  The  name  occurs  in 
England  temp.  Henry  I.,  and  it  was  doubt- 
less introduced  at  the  Norman  Conquest, 
though  the  famil)'  were  not  ennobled  until 
the  reign  of  Edward  III.  It  may  be  of 
local  origin,  and  allusive  to  some  "  bad 
passage  "  or  traject. 

]MALTSTER.     The  occupation. 

INIALVERN.  Two  parishes  in  co.  Wor- 
cester. 

MALVOISON.     See  Mauvesyn. 

MALYON.  There  is  a  parish  of  St.  Mel- 
lion  in  Cornwall. 

^^  MAN.  A  veiy  usual  tei-mination  of 
English  surnames,  as  Workman,  Long- 
man, Newman,  Potman,  Waterman — 
which  explain  themselves.  There  ai'e 
however  some,  of  a  local  origin,  which 
require  a  few  remarks.  In  the  XIII.  & 
XIV.  centuries,  many  jDersons  received 
family  names,  not  from  the  designation, 
hut  from  the  sit  Nation,  of  their  residences. 
A  plebeian,  for  instance,  who  dwelt  at  a 
grove,  would  be  called  William  at  the 
Grove,  or  more  curtly,  AVills.  atte  Grove. 
In  the  succeeding  centuries  the  awk- 
ward atfe,  sometimes  softened  to  J.'  was 
dropped,  and  the  name  became  simply 
Grove,  Grover,  or  Grove??;^??.  In  like 
manner  were  formed  Beckman  from 
beck,  Castleman  from  castle.  Crouch- 
man  from  crouch,  Lakeman  from  lake, 
Parkman  from  park,  and  many  others. 
See  ER. 

Jfan  in  0.  Fr.  signifies  Norman. 
Kelham.  And  in  Dutch  de  Man  means 
'  the  man,'  Iicros, 

MANATOX.     A  parish  in  Devonshii-e. 

MANBY.     A  parish  in  co.  Lincoln. 

MANDER.     See  Maunder. 

M.\NDEVILLE.  Goisfrid  de  M.  was  a 
Domesday  chief-tenant  in  many  counties. 
His  descendants  were  the  famous  Earls  of 
Essex,  extinct  in  the  XIII.  century.  From 
a  younger  branch  probably  sprang  the 
famous  traveller.  Sir  John  M.  in  the  XIV. 
cent.  In  charters,  De  Magna  Villa  and  De 
Mandavilla.  Magneville  is  nearValognes  in 
Normandy,  and  there  are  two  places  called 
jNIandeville,  one  near  Louviers,  and  another 
in  the  arrondissement  of  Bayeux. 

MANFRED.  The  old  Teutonic  personal 
name. 

IMANGLES.  Apparently  from  the  O. 
Germ,  personal  name  Managold. 

I\IAXHOOD.     A  hundred  in  Sussex. 
MANLEY.     An  estate  in  the  parish  of 


Frod-sham,  co.  Chester,  where  the  family 
were  resident  from  the  time  of  Roger 
Manley,  who  flourished  in  the  reign  "of 
Henry  II.,  till  the  XVI.  cent.  The  family 
are  assumed  to  have  been  of  Norman  origin, 
and  the  name  is  mentioned  in  Holinshcd's 
list,  though  it  was  not  adopted  until  many 
years  after  the  Conquest. 

MANN".  This  is  a  proper  name  of  vast 
antiquity — the  Manmis  of  the  Teutonic 
mythology.  Tacitus  says  of  the  Germans 
(cap.  ii.) :  They  celebrate  in  their  ancient 
hymns,  Tuisco,  the  earth-born,  and  his  son 
Mannus,  the  originators  and  founders  of 
their  race  :  "  Celebrant  carminibus  antiquis 
Tuistonem,  terra  editum,  et  filium  Mannmn, 
origiuem  gentis  conditoresque."  Hence, 
doubtless,  our  vrord  man,  homo.  Once 
adopted  as  a  personal  name,  it  would 
naturally  become  a  surname.  In  some 
cases,  however,  the  name  is  derived  from 
Le  Man,  a  native  of  the  province  of  Maine, 
analogous  to  Le  Breton,  Le  Norman,  &c. 
Possibly  also  from  the  island  in  the  Irish 
sea.     See  Man. 

MANNAKAY.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Mauaccan,  co.  Cornwall. 

MANNALL.      Probably    the    same    as 

Meynell. 

MANNELL.  Probably  the  same  as 
Meynell. 

MANNERING.  A  corruption  of  Main- 
waring. 

MANNERS.  Accordinsr  to  Camden  and 
other  antiquaries,  this  noble  family  had 
their  denomination  from  the  village  of 
Manner,  near  Lanchester,  co.  Dm-ham. 
They  were  certainly  influential  in  the 
northern  counties,  and  Collins  traces  the 
name  to  a  Yvilliam  de  Manner,  who  flour- 
ished temp.  William  Eufus.  The  pedigree 
is  deduced  by  him  from  Sir  Eobert  de 
Manners,  lord  of  Etal  in  Northumberland, 
several  generations  anterior  to  the  reign  of 
Heniy  III. 

MANNERSON.  Probably  a  corruption 
of  Manderston,  a  place  at  Dunse  in  Scot- 
land. 

i\IANNIN.     See  Manning. 

MANNING.  An  ancient  personal  name, 
still  seen  in  Manningham,  Mannington, 
Manning-tree,  &c.  Mr.  Ferguson  derives  it 
from  the  0.  Norse  vianningi,  a  brave  or 
valiant  man. 

JilANNINGHAM.  A  township  in  the 
W.R.  of  Yorkshire. 

MANNINGTON.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

MANNOCK  The  family  pretend  to  be 
of  Danish  original,  and  to  have  flourished 
in  England  under  the  Danish  monarchs  ; 
but  the  pedigree  is  traced  only  to  temp. 
Edw.  III. 

jNIANS.     Probably  Mantes,  the  Fr.  city. 

:\IANSBRIDGE.  A  hundied  in  Hamp- 
shire. 


MAR 


216 


MANSEL.  "The  Mansels  inhabited  Le 
Mans  in  France,  and  came  over  with  Wil- 
liam the  Conqueror."  Taylor's  Roman  de 
Roil.  Talbot's  Eng.  Etym.  But  see  Mansell 
and  Maunsell. 

]\IANSELL.  1 .  The  same  as  IMaunsell. 
Mancel  is  without  prefix  in  H.R.  2.  Two 
parishes  iu  Herefordshire  hear  this  name. 

MANSER  or  MAUNSER.  A  Norman 
Christian  name,  latinized  Manserns. 

MANSERGII.  A  chapelry  in  West- 
moreland. 

MANSFIELD.  A  parish  in  co.  Notting- 
ham, the  ancient  abode  of  the  family,  temp. 
Henry  II.  Some  families  derive  themselves 
from  a  German  source. 

MANSON.  From  ]\Ian,  an  ancient  per- 
sonal name.  See  Man  and  Mann.  In 
Domesd.  it  is  written  Manessuua  and  Man- 
suna. 

JNIANT.     The  town  of  Mantes  In  France. 

MANTELL.  Turstiniis  Mantel  occurs 
iu  the  Domesd.  of  co.  Backs,  as  a  tenant  iu 
chief.  Probably  a  soln-iquet,  from  the  Fr. 
7«««/eZe',  a  "  cloak-wearer."  Mauutcll.  H.R. 

MANTON.      Parishes   in  Lincoln    and 

Rutlandshires. 
MANUEL,     An  ancient  personal  name. 

MANUS.     The  Celtic  JMac  Manus,  sans 

Mac. 
MANA^'ELL.     A  corruption  of  Mande- 

ville. 
MANWARING.     See  Mainwaring. 

MAPLES.  An  old  Noi-man  feminine 
name.  Ma  belle,  "  my  pretty  one,"  is  cor- 
rupted in  the  Channel  Islands  to  Maple  and 
Maples. 

MAPLESON.     The  same  as  Mapleston. 

MAPLESTON.  Probably  IMappIeton, 
parishes  in  cos.  Derby  and  York. 

MAPLEY.  Mapperley,  a  township  in 
Derbyshire. 

MARCH.  A  town  in  Cambridgeshire. 
Le  March  is  frequent  in  H.R. 

]M  ARCH  AM.     A  parish  in  Berks, 

MARCHANT.  The  okl  and  more  cor- 
rect spelling  of  Merchant.     Fr.  marchancl. 

MARCHBANKS.  A  corruption  of 
Marjoribanks,  which  is  most  vilely  so 
pronounced. 

MARCUS.     The  Latin  form  of  Mark, 

MARCY.  Probably  from  Marcei,  a  vil- 
lage near  Argentau  in  Normandy. 

MARDEN.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Here- 
ford, Kent,  Wilts,  Sussex,  &c. 

MARDON.     The  same  as  Marden. 

MARE.     Scot.  Great. 

MARES.  Scot,  from  Fr.  marais.  A 
marsh. 


]\I  A  E 

MARGARET.     A  very  common  XIII. 
century  surname.     See    Female    Christian 

Names. 

MARGERISON.  MARJORISON.    See 

Female  Christian  Names.     See  also  Geri- 
son. 

MARGERY".        See    Female    Christian 
Names. 

MARGESSON.  Apparently  a  corrup- 
tion of  Margerison,  the  son  of  Blargaret ; 
but  the  Margessons  of  Offington,  co.  Sussex, 
are  otherwise  deduced,  namely  from  Argen- 
son,  a  French  family.  John  D'Argenson, 
living  in  14i9,  had  two  sons,  one  of  whom 
fought  at  the  battle  of  Favia,  in  1524,  and 
the  other,  Peter  D'Argenson,  was  founder  of 
the  English  branch.  So  says  B.L.G. ;  and  it 
is  added,  that  the  Margetsons  of  Yorkshire 
sprang  from  that  personage,  which  may 
well  admit  of  question,  for  certainly 
D'Argenson  and  JIargetson  are  not  much 
alike. 

ISIARGETSON.     See  Female  Christian 

Names. 

MARGETTS,  See  Female  Christian 
Names. 

MARGRAVE.  Germ,  mnrligraf,  an 
office  and  title  of  dignity,  of  common 
origin  with  marquis,  or  lord  marcher — one 
who  had  charge  of  the  frontier  of  the 
country. 

MARINER,  A  sailor.  Le  Mariner, 
H.R. 

MARIOTT.  Marletus  seems  to  have 
been  a  personal  name.  In  Domesd.  one 
Alricus  Marieti  sune — Alric,  the  son  of 
]\Iariet — occurs  as  an  undertenant  in  many 
counties.  See  Ellis,  Introd.  ii.  10.  De 
Gerville  thinks  it  is  a  derivative  of  Mary. 
Eng.  Suvn.  ii.  83.  There  is,  however,  a 
parish  in  Somerset  called  Merriott.  See 
Marriott. 

MARJORIBANKS.  (Mis-pronounced 
Marclihanlis.')  According  to  the  genealogy 
of  this  distinguished  family,  the  Marjori- 
lianks,  or  Majoribanks,  were  a  branch 
of  the  Scottish  Johnstones,  The  name 
is  local,  though  I  find  no  place  now 
so  called.  The  following  account  is  from 
B.L.G.  —  "  Wlien  Walter,  high  steward 
of  Scotland,  and  ancestor  of  the  royal 
house  of  Stuart,  espoused  Ma^joiie 
(Margaret)  only  daughter  of  Robert  Bruce, 
and  eventually  heiress  to  the  crown,  the 
barony  of  Ratho  was  granted  by  the  king 
as  a  marriage-portion  to  his  daughter,  by 
charter  which  is  still  extant,  and  these 
lands  being  subsequently  denominated 
'  Terra  de  IMarjorie-banks,'  gave  rise  to  the 
name  of  Marjoribanks." 

MARK.  :marke.  markes.  marks. 

The  Christian  name. 

MARKCOCK.  a  diminutive  of  Mark, 
See  termination  Cock. 

MARKET,  1.  From  residence  at  a 
market-place.  2.  A  contraction  of  Merca- 
tor,  merchant. 


M  A  R 


217 


MAR 


MARKETMA-N.  An  attendant  at 
markets,  or  perliaps  the  toll-taker  there. 

MARKHAM.  A  village  in  Notting- 
hamshire, which  was  the  residence  and 
possession  of  this  eminent  family  so  early 
as  the  i"eign  of  King  Henry  II. 

MARKESr.     A  diminntive  of  Mark. 

MAR KL AND.     1.  Local ;  but  I  find  no 

place  specifically  so  called.  For  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  system  of  marks,  see  Kemble's 
Saxons  in  England.  2.  lu  Scotland,  a  di- 
vision of  land.     Jamieson. 

MARKWICK.  Possibly  local;  tbongh, 
as  it  was  spelt  Mar-quicke,  two  centuries 
ago,  it  may  have  been  a  sobriquet. 

MARL  AY.  Perhaps  from  Morlaix,  a 
town  of  Brittany. 

MARLBOROUGH.  A  town  in  Wilt- 
shire. 

MARLER.  A  digger  of  marl — analogous 
to  Chalker.  I\Iarl  was  formerly  much  em- 
ployed .as  manure  for  land.  Le  Marlei". 
H.R. 

jMARLEY.  An  estate  In  the  parish  of 
Battel,  Sussex. 

MARLOW.  A  town  and  a  parish  in 
Buckinghamshire,  and  a  township  in  Hei'C- 
fordshire. 

MARi\L\DUKE.  An  early  personal 
name. 

jMARMION.  j\IARMIUN.  A  great 
feudal  family  sprung  from  Robert  de  Mar- 
mion,  lord  of  Fontenay  in  Normandy,  [which 
Fontenai  does  not  appear,  and  there  are  at 
least  eleven  places  so  called]  who  came 
hither  at  the  Conquest,  and  received  from 
the  Conqueror  the  castle  and  barony  of 
Tamworth,  co.  Warwick.  This  personage 
also  received  the  manor  of  Scrivelsby,  co. 
Lincoln,  in  grand  serjeanty,  for  performing 
the  office  of  Champion  at  the  coronation  of 
the  king.  It  is  alleged  that  the  De  Mar- 
raions  had  held  the  hereditarj'  office  of 
champion  to  the  Dukes  of  Normandy  an- 
terior to  the  Conquest.  Wliat  is  more 
certain  is,  that  his  successors,  as  long  as  the 
male  issue  continued,  and  after  tliem  the 
heritors  of  his  blood,  the  Dymokes, 
held,  and  do  hold,  the  fine  old  privilege  of 
"  riding,  completely  armed,  on  the  day  of 
the  monarch's  coronation,  into  Westminster 
Hall,  there  to  challenge  to  combat  any  one 
who  shall  dare  to  oppose  his  title  to  the 
crosvn."  The  prefix  De  shows  the  local 
origin  of  the  surname,  but  I  find  no  place 
called  Marmion,  in  Normandy. 

MARNER.  Probably  a  contraction  of 
Mariner ;  there  is,  however,  a  place  called 
IMarnieres  near  Evreux  in  Normandy. 

MARNES.  Possibly  jMearns,  a  parish  in 
CO.  Renfrew. 

MARNEY.  Li  9th  Edward  in.,  Layer 
or  Lej-r-Marney,  co.  Essex,  belonged  to  the 
family. 

INIARNHAM.  A  parish  in  co.  Nott'ng- 
ham, 

2  F 


MARQUIS.  A  sobriquet,  probably  of 
recent  origin. 

MARR,  a  district  of  Aberdeenshire, 
■which  had  its  Earls  as  far  back  as  the  XI. 
century,  and  still  gives  the  same  title  to 
the  Erskines,  although  they  have  no  pos- 
sessions there.     Also  a  parish  in  Yorlishire. 

MARRIAN.     See  Maryon. 

MARRINER.     See  Mariner. 

MARRIOTT.  A  family  tradition  derives 
it  from  a  town  of  the  same  name  in  Nor- 
mandy ;  but  no  place  in  that  province  ap- 
proaching the  sound  or  orthography  is  to  be 
found.  The  name  is,  however,  unquestion- 
ably French,  and  probably  one  of  the  many 
derivati^■es  of  the  female  name  Mary. 
Mariette  and  Mariotte  are  still  found  as 
surnames  in  Normandy.  See  De  Gerville, 
in  Mem.  Soc.  Ant.  Norm,  for  1844.  See 
also  Mariott. 

MARRIS.     Fr.  marais^  a  marsh. 

I\IARROT.  Probably  the  same  as  ]\Iar- 
riott. 

MARRYAT.     The  same  as  ^Marriott. 

jSIARS.  1.  See  under  Morris  for  the 
possible  origin  of  this  name.  There  is, 
however,  a  place  so  called  near  Domfront 
in  Normandy,  from  which  the  family  may 
have  originated.  2.  The  god  of  war.  3. 
The  Fr.  for  the  month  of  J\iarch. 

jMARSDEN.  Chapelries,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Lancaster  and  York. 

JNIARSII.  Parishes  In  cos.  Buckingham 
and  Lincoln.  The  Kentish  family  appear 
to  have  been  in  that  county  from  the  XIV. 
cent.  The  latinization  is  De  JMarisco,  and 
the  medieval  form  is  Ate-lMershe.  The 
equivalent  name  Marais  is  common  in 
France. 

t^"  MARSH.  A  termination  of  various 
local  surnames,  implying  j;«?;/.?,  low  and 
marsh}'  ground,  as  Hindmarsh,  Salt- 
marsh,  Titmarsh. 

MARSHALL.  This  word  has  doubled 
its  meaning  in  a  very  singular  fashion. 
Cotgrave  sa)'s — "  a  marshal  1  of  a  kingdome 
or  of  a  campe  (an  honourable  place)  ;  also  a 
black-smith ;  also  a  farrier,  horse-leech,  or 
horse-smith;  also  a  harbinger."  Richard- 
son gives  theetjmion,  Fv.mares-cJial;  Dutch, 
■maer,  a  horse,  and  ac/ialck,  a  servant,  liter- 
ally "a  servant  who  takes  care  of  horses." 
By  degrees  the  word  acquired  a  more  digni- 
fied meaning,  and  was  applied  to  the  "magis- 
ter  equorum"  or  master  of  the  cavahy,  and 
other  offices  of  state,  some  of  which  were 
not  connected  with  horses,  but  with  the 
management  of  great  jjublic  affairs.  Hence, 
under  the  anc'wn  regime,  the  Great Slarshals 
of  France,  governors  of  provinces,  &c.,  as 
well  as  the  Earl-Marshal  of  England,  the 
Lord  Marischal  of  Scotland,  &c.  Hence  the 
verb  to  'marshal'  is  to  arrange,  either  soldiers 
on  a  hattle-field,  or  armorial  coats  in  the 
field  of  heraldry,  besides  other  meanings. 
The  surname  though  sometimes  derived 
from  the  suj^erior  occupation  or  "honour- 


MAR 


218 


MAS 


able  place,"  (as  in  the  case  of  the  old  Earls  of 
Pembroke,  in  whom  the  office  of  Mareschal 
or  commander-in-chief  vested  liereditarily) 
is  far  too  common  to  admit  a  doubt  that  it 
generally  implies  nothing  more  than  farrier 
or  shoeing-smith,  in  which  sense  it  is  still 
used  in  France.  From  a  table  given  in 
Eug.  Surn.  ii.  163,  it  appears  that  in  1847-8 
this  surname  stood  sixtietli  in  tlie  order  of 
commonness  in  our  family  uomenclature. 

MARSHAM.  The  Marshams  of  Norfolk 
derive  their  name  from  the  town  so  called 
in  that  county,  where  John  de  M.  resided 
temp.  Edward  I.     B.L.G. 

MARSIIMAN.     See  Marsh,  and  the  ter-  , 
mination  JIAN. 

MARSOM.     A  corruiJtiou  of  Marsham. 

MARSON.  Not  Murtisfilius,  but  a  cor- 
ruption of  Marston. 

MARSTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Chester,  Hereford,  Lincoln,  Oxford,  Stafford, 
Warwick,  Wilts,  Somerset,  Derby,  Buck- 
ingham, Northampton,  York,  Leicester, 
Bedford,  Gloucester,  &c. 

MARTEL.  MARTELL.  A  very  an- 
cient French  surname,  as  Charles  Martel, 
Geoffrey  Martel.  0.  Fr.  ■maHel,  a  hammer ; 
probably  with  reference  to  the  martel-de- 
fer,  the  iron  hammer  or  mace  of  medieval 
warfare.     See  Mallet. 

MARTEN.  The  Martens  of  Sussex  are 
stated  to  have  come  from  the  "  province  of 
Aquitaine,  in  France,  and  lived  there  Anno 
1386."  Kent's  Grammar  of  Heraldry, 
1716. 

MARTER.     See  Martyr. 

MARTHEWS.     The  same  as  Matthews. 

LIARTIN.  MARTYN.  From  the  per- 
sonal name,  rendered  illustrious  by  St. 
Martin,  the  apostol  of  the  Gauls.  Many 
places  in  Normandy  were  dedicated  to  him, 
and  from  one  of  these  sprang  the  great 
family  who  came  hitlier  at  the  Conquest 
under  the  name  of  De  Sancto  Marti  no.  Both 
as  a  personal  designation,  and  a  surname,  it 
is  very  widely  spread  in  all  the  countries  of 
western  Europe.  At  Paris  it  is  amongst  the 
very  commonest  of  all  family  names,  an- 
swering to  our  own  Smith  for  frequency. 
Its  derivatives  are  Martins  and  Martinson. 
Martineau  is  well  naturalized  here,  and 
Martinelli,  Martinez,  Martini,  and  other 
foreign  forms  are  becoming  so.  The  name 
of  the  Saint  was  perhaps  derived  from  the 
Latin  maHhis,  waiiike. 

MARTINDALE.  A  chapelry  of  Barton, 
CO.  Westmoreland. 

MARTINEAU.  From  the  Italian  ]\Iar- 
tino.  Talbot's  English  Etymol.  But  this 
is  doubtful.  The  family  were  settled  at 
Norwich  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth. 

MARTINS.     See  Martin. 

INIARTINSON.     See  Martin. 

MARTINVAST  DE.  The  chateau  of 
Martinvast  lies  in  the  canton  of  Octeville, 
a  league  from   Cherbourg  in   Normandy, 


Richard,  lord  of  this  place,  had  lands  co. 
Nottingham  in  the  ;niddle  of  the  XII.  cen- 
tury. Another  branch  held  the  chateau 
long  after  the  disruption  of  Normandy. 
De  Gerville  in  Mem.  Soc.  Antiq.  Norm., 
1825.  I  find  the  same  family  in  Rutland- 
shire, temp.  Edw.  I.  under  the  name  of  De 
Martivas. 

MARTON.  The  name  of  many  parishes, 
townships,  manors,  &c.,  in  the  northern 
counties,  from  the  A-Sax.  mere,  a  lake  or 
pool,  and  tiin,  an  enclosure  or  homestead. 
I  believe  that  the  only  family  now  bearing 
the  name  are  the  Martons  of  Capernwray, 
CO.  Lancaster,  who  claim  lineal  descent 
from  Paganus  de  Marton,  the  Norman  lord 
of  E.  and  W.  Marton  in  Craven,soon  after  the 
Conquest. 

INIARTYN.     See  Martin. 

MARTYR.     An  old  personal  name. 

MARWOOD.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Devon  and  Durham. 

MARY.     See  Female  Christian  Names 

MARYATT.     See  Mariott. 

MARYON.  De  Gerville  deduces  it  from 
the  personal  name  Mary.  See  Eng.  Surn. 
ii.  83. 

MASCALL.  I  believe  that  the  Mascalls 
of  Kent  and  Sussex  were  originally  Mar- 
shalls.  There  is  armorial  evidence  of  this ; 
and  in  a  document  of  the  XVI.  century 
before  me,  I  find  tlie  name  written  Marscal, 
Avhich  is  about  midway  between  Mareschal 
and  Mascall. 

MASCLE.     See  Mascall. 

MASH.  A  provincial  pronunciation  of 
Marsh. 

MASHAM.     A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

MASHMAN.     The  same  as  Marshman. 

I\IASKELL.     See  Mascall. 

MASON.  1.  The  occupation.  Le  Mason, 
Le  Masson,  Le  Masun.  H.R.  2.  A  township 
in  Northumberland. 

MASSENGER.  Another  form  of  Mes- 
senger. 

MASSEY.     See  Massie. 

MASSIE.  A  great  Cheshire  family,  of 
whom,  from  their  numerousness,theproverb, 
however  imcomplimentary,  runs — 

As  MANY  MASSIES  AS  ASSES. 
The  founder  of  the  family  in  England  Mas 
Hamou  Massie,  a  Norman,  who  accom- 
panied the  Conqueror,  and  acquired  Dun- 
ham in  Cheshire,  which  has  from  that  cii'- 
cumstance  ever  since  borne  the  suflix  of 
"  Massey."  From  what  jjart  of  Normandy 
that  personage  came  is  not  perhaps  known, 
but  there  are  several  places  in  the  province 
from  which,  with  about  equal  claims  to 
probability,  the  name  might  be  reasonably 
deduced;  viz.:  Mace-sur-Orne,  near  Alen- 
9on  ;  Macei,  in  the  arrondissement  of  Av- 
ranches ;  Marcei,  in  that  of  Argentan  ;  and 
Marcei,  on  the  Broise,  near  the  town  of 
Avranches,  the  seat  of  an  ancient  barony. 


MAT 


219 


IMASSINGBERD.  A  very  old  Lincoln- 
shire family,  dating  from  temp.  Heniy  III. 
with  the  present  orthography,  though  in 
the  XVII.  cent,  tlie  final  syllable  was  some- 
times written  heard,  in  order  to  preserve  the 
pronunciation— that  syllable  clearly  having 
reference  to  the  appendage  of  the  masculine 
chin.  The  meaning  of  the  other  portion 
of  the  name  is  not  so  obvious,  as  no  word  re- 
sembling massing  is  found  in  early  English 
or  Anglo-Saxon.  In  some  Teutonic  dialects, 
however,  that  or  a  similar  form  means 
hrass,  and  hence  Massingberd  may  signify 
Brazen-heard,  with  reference  to  the  personal 
peculiarity.  Inf.  Rev.  F.  C.  Massingberd, 
M.A.    See  Beard. 

MASSINGHAM.  Two  parishes  in  Nor- 
folk. 
MASTER.  The  social  position  ;  to  dis- 
tinguish the  individual  from  another  of  the 
same  Christian  name,  but  in  servile  condi- 
tion. The  equivalent  Fr.  name,  Lemaitre, 
is  very  common.  Or  perhaps  the  Gaelic 
Mac  Master,  sans  Mac. 
MASTERS.  Apparently  a  Xorman  local 
name.    Robt.  de  Mosters  occurs  in  Domesd. 

MASTERSOiSr.     A    translation    of   the 

Gaelic  Mac  Master. 
MASTERMAN.     Scot.     A  landlord. 

MATHER.  MATHERS.  Mathers  is 
a  village  in  the  parish  of  St.  Cyrus  or  Ec- 
clescraig  in  Kincardineshire. 

MATHESON.     The  son  of  Matthew. 

MATHEW.    MATHEWS,      See  J\Iat- 

thew.  The  Welsh  family  of  JIathcw 
claim  from  the  princes  of  Cardigan  in  the 
XL  cent.  B.L.G.  From  the  Welsh  house 
sj-irang  the  ]\Iathews  of  Upton-Grey,  and 
Alton,  CO.  Hunts,  and  Stanstead,  co.  Sussex. 
The  name  is  of  course  identical  with  Mat- 
thew. 

A  common   corruption   of 


MATHEY. 

Matthew. 

MATHIAS. 
MATTHIE 


As  Matthias. 

See  Matthew. 

J^IATHIESON.     See  Matthew. 

]\IATIN.  MATTIN.  Probably  corrup- 
tions of  Martin. 

ISIATKIN.     A  diminutive  of  Matthew. 

MATSON.  1.  See  Matthew.  2.  A 
parish  in  co.  Gloucester. 

]\IATTERFACE.  A  vile  corruption  of 
a  distinguished  Xorman  surname,  "  De 
Martinvas t,"  originally  from  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Cherbourg.     See  Martiuvast. 

MATTHEW.  This  baptismal  name,  in- 
troduced here  at  the  Conquest,  has  not  only 
become  a  surname,  but  the  parent  of  many 
others:  to  wit,  Mathew,  Matthews,  IMa- 
thews,  Matthewson,  Matthie,  Mathieson, 
Matson,  Mayhew,  Mayo,  Matts,  Matty, 
Maddy,  Madison. 

MATTHEWMAN.  "May  possibly  be 
from  the  A-Sax.  matliie,  luodest.  Old  Norse, 
moitamiadr,  vir  egregius."     Ferguson. 


MAU 

MATTHEWSON.     See  Matthew. 

MATTHIAS.     The  Christian  name. 

JNIATTINSON.     Martin's   son,  or  Mat- 
thew's son. 

MATTOCK.    MATTOCKS.    See  Mad- 
dock. 

MATTS.     A  derivative  of  Matthew. 

ISIATTY.     See  lilatthew. 

]\IAUDE.     MAUD.     A  remarkable  con- 
traction of  De  Monte  Alto,  De  Montalt,  or 
"of  the  high  mountain."     The  first  of  the 
famil}'  in  England  was  Eustachius  de  Monte 
Alto,  who  came   hither  at  the   Conquest 
among  the  followers  of  Hugh  Lupus,  Earl 
of  Chester.     From  him  sprang  the  Barons 
Montalt,  whose  elder  line  became  extinct 
in  the  XIV.  cent.     Many  younger  branches 
survi^'e  under  the  name  ot'  Maude,  and  one 
of  them.  Viscount  Hawarden,  still  enjoys 
the   second   title  of  Barou  Montalt.     Ac- 
cording to  Burke's   Commoners,  the  name 
was   originally   derived    from   a  i^lace   in 
Italy. 

MAUDLINS.  The  son  of  Maudlin  or 
Magdalen.     See  Female  Christian  Names. 

MAUDUIT.     See  Mawditt. 

MAUFEE.  La  IMaufle  is  a  place  in  the 
arrondissement  of  St.  Lo,  in  Normandy. 
The  famil}'  were  in  Sussex  at  an  early 
period.  The  name  still  exists  as  Jlorfee 
and  Morphew.  On  adjacent  tombstones  at 
Woodchurch,  co.  Kent,  it  is  spelt  both 
Morfee  and  Morfeet. 

MAUGER.  ]\IAGOR.        MAJOR. 

MAYOR.     MAYER.     Mauger,  archbishop 
of  Rouen,  uncle  to  William  the  Conqueror, 
in  consequence  of  great  irregularities,  ab- 
dicated his  see  and  settled  in  the  island  of 
Guernsey.     There  he  met  with   a  lady  of 
great  beauty  called  Gisella  or  Guille,  with 
whom,  without  the  sanction  of  the  Church, 
he  formed  an  intimacy  that  resulted  in  a 
numerous   progeny,    some  of  whom  took 
their  father's,  others  their  mother's  name. 
"Hence,  "observes  a  correspondent,  "Guilles 
and  Mangers   are  as    plentiful   as   black- 
berries in  the  Channel  Islands."  From  one 
of  the  family  sprang  Sir  Jlatthias  Mayer  or 
Mayoi-,  a  Jerseyman,  and  a  soldier  under 
Henry  VII.  who  obtained  a  grant  of  arms 
and  was  lineal  ancestor  of  R.  Major,  Esq., 
of  Hurdsley,    co.  Hants,  Avhose   daughter 
Dorothy  married  Richard,  afterwards  Lord 
Protector  Cromwell.      The  JMaugers  were 
very  prominent  in  tlie  early  history  of  the 
Channel  Islands. 

MAUGHAN.  Two  parishes  in  Cornwall 
are  called  Mawgan. 

jSIAUL.     See  Maule. 

MAULE.  1.  This  Scottish  family  were 
"  originally  of  French  extraction ;  an  an- 
cestor, Petrus  de  Maulia,  A.D.  107G,  gave 
large  possessions  to  the  Church."  New- 
ton's Disjilay  of  Heraldry,  p.  159. 

2.  The  family  are  of  French  origin, 
deriving  their  name  fi'om  the  lordship 
of  Maule,  near  Paris.     According  to  Don- 


MAU 

glas's  Peerage  of  Scotland,  Guarin  de 
Maule,  a  younger  son  of  Arnold,  lord  of 
Maule,  accompanied  William,  Duke  of  Nor- 
mandy, to  the  Conquest  of  England. 
Robert  de  Maule,  his  sou,  accompanied 
David  I.  into  Scotland,  and  obtained  from 
him  a  grant  of  lands  in  Lothian,  and  so 
founded  the  family  in  Scotland.  His  great- 
grandson,  early  in  the  XIII.  cent.,  married 
the  heiress  of  De  Valouiis,lord  of  Panmure, 
and  thus  the  family  became  known  as 
Maule  of  Panmure. 
3.  Said  to  be  the  Gfelic  mal,  slow. 

MAULE  VERER.  '' Mal-Uvorer,  In 
Latin,  Mains  leporarius  or  '  the  Bad  Hai-e- 
Hunter.'  "A  gentleman  of  this  county 
(Yorkshire)  being  to  slip  a  brace  of  grey- 
hounds to  run  for  a  great  -wager  (Tradition 
is  the  author),  so  held  them  in  the  swinge, 
that  they  were  more  likely  to  strangle 
themselves  than  kill  the  hare ;  Avhereupon 
this  surname  was  fi.xcd  on  his  family.  I 
doubt  not  but  many  of  this  extraction  are 
since  as  dexterous  in  the  criticisms  of  hunt- 
ing as  any  Nimrod  whatsoever."  Fuller's 
Worthies,  iii.  453. 

In  Domesday  Book,  however,  under 
Essex,  we  find — "  Terra  Adami  fijii  Dur- 
andi  de  Malis  Operibus,"  which  Peter  le 
Neve,  Norry  king  of  arms,  considers  equi- 
valent to  '  bad  workman.'  The  truth  is 
that  the  name  is  purely  local — Maulevrier 
being  an  ancient  viscounty  in  the  arrou- 
dissement  of  Yvetot  in  Normandj'. 

MAULEY.  The  first  mention  of  this 
name  occurs  shortly  after  the  death  of 
Eichard  I.,  when  John,  in  order  to  clear 
his  way  to  the  throne,  employed  his  esquire 
Peter  de  JIauley,  a  native  of  Poitou,  to 
murder  his  nephew,  Prince  Arthur,  for 
which  service  De  Mauley  received  great  re- 
muneration in  the  West  of  England.  In 
charters,  the  latinization  of  this  name,  De 
Malo  Lacu,  might  be  supposed  to  be  no  un- 
apt allusion  to  the  "  bad  lake  or  pool"  of 
blood  thus  unrighteously  shed  by  the 
founder  of  the  race. 

MAULL.     See  Maule. 

MAULOVEL.  An  A.-Norm.  name, 
meaning,  according  to  its  latinization, 
(Mains  Lupellus)  "  the  bad  little  wolf." 

MAUNDER.  A  beggar.  O.  E.  maiind, 
to  beg. 

MAUNSELL.  "The  curious  poetical 
history  of  this  family  preserved  in  Collec- 
tanea Topogr.  et  Geneal.  claims  one 
Saher,  there  written  "  Slcr,  the  syer  of  vs 
all,"  as  their  ancestor  ;  he  appears  to  have 
been  the  son  of  Ealph  Maunsel,  who  was 
living  in  Buckinghamshire  14.  Henry  II. 
(1167)."  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 
The  name  is  understood  to  signiiy  a  native 
of  Maine,  a  province  of  France.  The  Irish 
branch  left  England  temp.  Elizabeth. 

MAURICE.     The  personal  name  INIan- 

ritius. 

MAUREWARD.  An  old  A.-Noim. 
surname,  signifying  "  bad  look,"  probably 
with  reference  to  a  squint  or  some  other 
deformity  of  countenance. 


220  MAY 


MAUTENANT.  May  refer  to  some 
forgotten  act  of  infidelity  on  the  part  of  its 
primitive  owner.  Eng.  Surn.  An  old  A.- 
Norm.  name. 

MAUVESYN.  O.  Fr.  mal  vcAsin,  bad 
neighbour.  This  was  one  of  the  many  un- 
complimentary surnames  borne  by  Norman 
grandees.  It  was  introduced  at  the  Con- 
quest, Mains  Vicinus  occurring  in  the 
Domesday  of  Suffolk.  At  a  later  period 
tlie  family  gave  the  suffix  to  P.idware  Mau- 
vesyn,  co.  Stafford,  their  place  of  residence. 
It  is  stated  in  Burke's  Commoners  that  tlie 
name  may  be  regarded  as  local,  and  that  it 
was  derived  from  a  tower  so  called  in  the 
Isle  of  France ;  but  this  is  doubtful.  See 
Eng.  Svn-n.,  ii.  12. 

MAYOR.  Lat.,  INIavortlus,  Mars.  A 
name  ascribed  to  Welsh  heroes. 

MAW.  MAWE.  "The  name  Mac 
Coghlan  is  in  Ireland  beautified  and  abbre- 
viated into  Maw  ;  the  Mac  Coghlan  or  head 
of  the  family  was  called  the  Maw ;  and  a 
district  of  King's  County  was  known,  with- 
in the  memory  of  persons  now  living,  by 
the  appellation  of  the  Maw's  County." 
Southey's  Doctor. 

J\LA.WBE1'".  The  name  has  been  written 
De  Mauteby,  IMaultby,  Mawteb.y,  Maubie, 
Mawby,  &c.  It  was  assumed  from  the  vil- 
lage of  Mawtby,  co.  Norfolk,  in  or  before 
the  reign  of  Kichard  I. 

MAWDESLEl^  A  township  In  Lanca- 
shire. 

MAWDITT.  Apparently  a  modern  cor- 
ruption of  the  old  baronial"  name  Mauduit. 
The  latinization  3IalB  conduetus,  or  Be 
Malo  Candiictu,  is  not  complimentarj'  to  the 
family.  The  name  first  appeai-s  in  Domesd. 
William  Malduith,  chamberlain  to  William 
the  Conqueroi-,  was  a  tenant  in  chief  in 
Hampshire,  as  was  a  Gunfred  Jftl.  in  Wilt- 
shire. 

MAAYLEl^     See  J\[aiiley. 

I^IA^VRICE.     See  Morris. 

i\IAXEY.     A  parish  Inco.  Northaniptou. 

MAXFIELD.  A  shortened  pronuncia- 
tion of  Macclesfield,  a  town  in  Cheshire. 

MAXON.     See  Maxton. 

]\IAXTOX.  MAXTOXE.  A  parish  In 
Pioxburghshire.  The  Maxtones  of  Culto- 
quhey  in  Pertlishire  acquired  that  estate 
bychartcr  in  1110.     B.L.G. 

MAXWELL  A  village  In  the  parish  of 
Kelso,  CO.  Eoxburgh.  Herbert  de  Macus- 
well  or  Maxwell,  the  ancestor  of  the  house, 
had  a  son.  Sir  John  de  M.,  who  was  sheriff 
of  Eoxburghshireinl203and  1207.  B.L.G. 

J\IAY.  Has  certainly  no  connection  with 
the  month  of  flowers,  as  it  is  commonly 
written  in  records  Le  Mai.  It  may  be  the 
same  as  the  0.  Scot,  maich,  A.-Sax.  mceg, 
0.  Eng.  mei,  son-in-law,  son,  or  generally, 
any  relative.     Le  May  is  common  in  H.R. 

MAYBIX.     See  Maiben. 


ME  A 


221 


MED 


MAYCOCK.  Possibly  a  dimlmitlve 
formed  from  the  female  name  IMary. 
Maykoc  is  found  temp.  Edw.  I. 

MAYDWELL.  Local:  "  the  well  of  the 
Maid,"  i.e.  tlie  Virgin  Mary — a  sacred  well 
dedicated  to  that  saint. 

MAYER.  A  mayor,  chief  officer  of  a 
municipality.  Other  countries  have  the 
same  surname ;  e.g.  Germ.  Meier ;  Du. 
Meyer ;  Fr.  Lemaire,  Sec.  But  see  under 
IVIauger. 

MAYFTELD.  A  parish  in  Sussex  ;  also 
several  places  in  Scotland. 

MAYGER.     See  Major. 

MAYHEW.  See  Matthew.  There  are 
many  Fil'Maheus  in  H.R. 

MAYLER.    See  Mailer. 

MAYLIN".     See  Malin. 

]MAYMA.]Sr.  Probably  the  supei-inten- 
dent  of  the  sports  of  May-day. 

MAYXARD.  An  ancient  personal 
name. 

MAYNE.     See  Elaine. 

IVIAYNEY.  The  IMayneys,  extinct 
baronets,  claimed  ijrobable  descent  from  a 
family  of  NormauTConquest  origin,  v.-ho 
numbered  among  their  members  the  chival- 
rous Sir  Walter  Manny,  of  the  time  of 
Edward  III.  The  head  of  the  family  was 
created  a  baronet  in  1641,  and  spent  a  fair 
estate  in  the  cause  of  the  Stuarts.  His  son, 
and  heir  to  the  title,  "died  of  actual  want 
iu  1706,  his  brother,  broken  douTi  by  indi- 
gence, having  previously  committed 
suicide."  Ext.  Barts.  The  namewas  pro- 
bably derived  from  oue  of  the  places  in 
Normandy  called  Magni,  and  it  was  some- 
times curiously  corrupted  to  Money. 

MAYO.     See  INIatthew  and  Mayow. 

i\rAYOR.     The  office. 

MAYOW.  MAYHOW.  Probably  one 
of  the  many  modifications  of  Matthew. 
This  seems  the  more  likely,  because  the 
IMayows  of  Cornwall  originally  wrote  them- 
selves Mayhew.  See  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Corn- 
wall. 

MAYPOWDER.  Mappowder,  a  parish 
in  Dorsetshire. 

MAYSON.     A  mis-spelling  of  Mason. 

INIEACHAM.     iMitcham  in  Surrey  ? 

MEAD.    MEADE.     MEADS.    A-Sax. 

mad,  what  is  momecl  or  cut  down.  A 
Meadow.  Analogous  to  Meadows,  Du  Pre, 
&c. 

MEADE.  (Ireland.)  An  anglicised 
form  of  the  old  Irish  name  Meagh.  The 
family  of  Lord  Clanwilliam  have  been 
seated  for  many  centuries  in  co.  Cork.  At 
Meadestown  in  that  county  there  was  for- 
merly a  castle,  built  by  the  Meaghs  or 
Meades.     Smith's  Hist,  of  Cork. 

MEADER.  Perhaps  a  maker  of  methe- 
glin  or  mead. 


MEADOWS.     MEADOWES.     MEA- 

DUS.     See  Mead. 

MEADS.     A  pluralization  of  Mead. 

MEAD  WAY.  The  Medway,  a  river  of 
Kent. 

MEAKINS.     See  Meekins. 

MEAX.  Perhaps  from  East  or  West 
Meon  in  Hampshire.  At  the  time  of  the  in- 
troduction of  surnames  the  adjective  mean, 
as  referring  to  sordidness  of  character,  was 
unknown.     See  however  IMein. 

MEARES.  It  Is  said  that  this  name  was 
originally  De  la  Mere.     B.L.G. 

MEARS.  A  parish  in  Northampton- 
shire. 

MEASAI\r.  MEASOM.  Jtleasham,  a 
l^arish  in  Derbyshire. 

MEASOR.  O.  Scot,  meassow;  a  mace- 
bearer — one  who  carries  the  mace  before 
persons  in  authority — liodie,  a  macer. 
Jamieson. 

MEASURE.      MEASURES.       O.    Fr. 

masure,  which  means  either  "  an  old  de- 
cayed house,  or  wall,  or  mines  of  a  build- 
ing," or  "  a  quantitie  of  ground  containing 
about  foure  Oxe-gangs."  Cotgi'ave.  Masure, 
as  a  surname,  still  occurs  in  France. 

ME  AT  YARD.  Mete-rod,  mete-wand, 
and  mete-Tjard  are  medievalisms  for  mea- 
suring sticks,  and  from  the  last  the  sur- 
name must  in  some  way  have  been  derived. 

JMECC  A.  A  local  pronunciation  of  Met- 
calfe. 

MECHAM.     See  Meacham. 

INIECHAXT.     Fr.    Bad,  wicked. 

^lEDCALF.     See  ^letcalfe. 

IMEDES.     The  same  as  Meads. 

MEDHURST.  Probably  either  Mid- 
hurst  or  Madehurst,  both  parishes  in 
Sussex.     De  Medhurst.     H.R.  co.  Kent. 

MEDLAND.     This  name  has  a  'local' 

look ;  but  it  appears  to  have  been  a  bye, 
or  additional,  name  borne  at  an  early 
period.  The  Xorman  grandee,  Robert  de 
Beaumont,  sometimes  styled  Meulant  or 
Mellent,  was  called  by  the  people  of  Lei- 
cester, his  tenants,  The  Medland.  Mr. 
Thompson,  in  Winchester  Vol.  of  Brit. 
Archajolog.  Assoc,  p.  73.  That  the  name 
ma)'  still  be  local  is  shown  by  the  occur- 
rence in  the  H.R.  of  a  Walter  de  Mede- 
lond,  or  Medeland. 

MEDLAR.  ]\Ir.  Ferguson  thinks  that 
this  name  corresponds  to  the  Germ,  family 
name  Madler,  which  is  probably  identical 
with  the  0.  Germ.  Madalhari ;  but  the  oc- 
currence in  H.R.  of  one  Kich.  le  Medler 
rather  tends  to  shew  that  the  name  was 
originally  applied  to  some  medieval  busy- 
body. 

iVIEDLEY.  Undoubtedly  local— but  I 
do  not  find  the  place. 

MEDLICOTT.     MEDLICOTE.     In  all 


MEI 


222 


M  E  P 


probability  local,  although  I  have  hereto- 
fore derived  it  from  medley-coat,  a  coat  of 
many  or  mixed  colours,  a  once  favourite 
fashion.     Eng.  Surn.  i.  205. 

MEDLOCK.  Probably  Matlock,  co. 
Derby.  A  jjortiou  of  Manchester  is,  how- 
ever, called  Chorlton-upon-Medlock. 

MEDWARD.  The  keeper  of  a  meadow. 
Le  Medward.  H.R.  A- Sax.  m<ed  and 
weard. 

MEDWIjST.  The  baptismal  name  is  said 
to  occur  so  early  as  the  second  century,  in 
the  story  of  King  Lucius  and  Pope  Eleu- 
therius.  lu  the  unreformed  calendar,  the 
feast  of  St.  Medwyn  stands  for  January  1. 
The  saint  was  buried  in  Scotland,  in  which 
country  there  is  a  river  called  Medwiu,  co. 
Lanark. 

MEECHING.  The  old  and  proper  name 
of  Newhaven,  co.  Sussex. 

MEEK.     MEEKE.     Of  a  quiet,  peaceful 

disposition. 

MEEKINO.     See  Meekins. 

MEEKINS.  "De  Meschines  (from 
Bayeux  in  Normandy),  Me.skines,  Mey- 
keyues,  Meschin,  Mekins,  Meekins."  This 
is  Sir  B.  Burlce's  pedigree  of  the  name  as 
borne  by  the  Irish  family. 

MEER.  Mere,  a  lake  or  shallow  water. 
It  is  found  in  composition  in  many  names 
of  sheets  of  water,  as  Windermere,  Butter- 
mere,  Grasmere.  There  is,  however,  a  Lin- 
colnshire parish  so  called. 

MEERES.     See  ]\Iears. 

MEES.     A  provincialism  for  meadows. 

MEESON.  A  parish  in  Shropshire,  united 
with  Bolas.  It  is  stated  to  be  a  corruption 
of  the  A. -Norm,  name  Malvoisin,  or  Mau- 
vesyn.  It  probably  bore  some  A- Sax.  de- 
signation in  older  times.  On  the  acquisi- 
tion of  it  by  the  Norman  family,  they  gave 
their  surname  as  a  suffix,  and  the  suffix  in 
course  of  time  supplanted  the  former  name, 
as  in  the  case  of  Latimers  in  Buckingham- 
shire which  was  originally  Iselhampsted, 
then  Iselhampsted-Latimers,  and  iinally 
Latimers. 

MEGGS 
Christian  Names 

MEGGY.     A  nurse-name   of  Margaret. 

See  Female  Christian  Names. 

MEGRA^^^.  An  Ulster  corruption  of 
Magrath. 

MEGSON.     See  under  Gerison. 

MEIKLAM.  A  softening  of  Mac  Ilqu- 
hain. 

INIEIKLE.  O.  Eng.  and  Scot,  michle, 
from  A-Sax.  vnicel,  big,  stout. 

MEIKLEJOHN.     As  Micklejohn. 

MEIN'.  Probably  A. -Norm,  mesne  :  "  a 
lord  of  a  manour  who  holds  of  a  superior 
lord."     Bailey. 

MEISON.      The    following    inscription 


From  JNIargaret.     See  Female 


occurs  beneath  an  old  coat  of  arms. 
"  3/eison  de  Com  :  Salop,  diet.  Malvosine 
ex  antiqiio.''''  This  statement  is  doubtless 
true,  since  the  A-Norman  family  of  Malvoi- 
sin varied  their  name  to  Meauvesyn,  Meison, 
Meeson,  &c.  See  Shaw's  Staffordshire.  See 
Mauvesyn  and  Meeson. 

]\IELDRUM.  A  post-town  and  parish  in 
Aberdeenshire. 

MELLBR.  The  family  of  Meller  or 
Myller  of  Dorsetshire  are  said  to  descend 
from  the  miller  of  one  of  the  abbots  of 
Abbotsbury.  After  the  dissolution  of  the 
monasteries,  tlie  Hellers  became  great  pur- 
chasers "  of  abbey-lands  in  villages,  and 
were  remarkable  for  depopulating  most  of 
them."     Hutchins's  Dorset,  i.  497. 

MELLETT.  Llost  likely  the  same  as 
Mallet,  the  Norman  surname. 

MELLISON.     See  Malleson. 

MELLOR.  Cliapelrles  in  cos.  Derby  and 
Lancaster.  The  former  appears  to  have 
given  name  to  an  ancient  famil3\ 

MELON.  Perhaps  from  the  town  of 
IMelun,  on  the  Seine,  eleven  leagues  from 
Paris. 

MELROSE.  A  parish  in  Roxburghshire, 
containing  the  town  of  the  same  name, 
formerly  renowned  for  its  great  monastery. 

jNIELSON.  Perhaps  the  same  as  Malleson. 

MELTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  In  cos.  Leices- 
ter, Suffolk,  York,  Norfolk,  and  Lincoln. 

MELVIL.     See  Melville. 

MELVILLE.  A  parish  In  the  arron- 
dissement  of  Dieppe  in  Normandy,  hodie 
Melleville.  Tlie  patriarch  of  this  family, 
long  so  influential  in  Scotland,  was  a  Wil- 
liam de  Malavill,  a  Domesd.  tenant  in 
Suffolk. 

MEMBRAY.     See  under  Mowbray. 

MENDHAM.  A  parish  on  the  borders 
of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk. 

MENZIES.  The  Menzles,  though  some- 
times  considered  a  Highland  clan,  are  of 
English  origin.  Their  name  was  originally 
Meyners,  and  as  Skene  observes,  (Scot, 
Highl.  ii.  310)  "their  arms,  and  the  re- 
semblance of  their  name,  distinctly  point 
them  out  as  a  branch  of  the  English  family 
of  Manners,  and  consequently  their  Nor- 
man origin  is  undoubted."  2.  The  name, 
according  to  Mr.  Arthur,  has  been  va- 
riously written,  "  Maynoers,  Meyners,  then 
Men.ys,  afterwards  Jleynes  or  Mengies,  and 
now  Menzies."  It  is  pronounced  Mengyies 
or  Mengies.  In  Gaelic  the  family  are 
called  MenairieJi.  Their  habitat  is  the 
Perthshire  Highlands,  where  in  IT^l.^  the 
clan  could  raise  three  hundred  fighting 
men. 

]MEPHA]\r.  Meopham,  a  parish  In  Kent. 
This  is  an  ancient  surname,  being  one  of 
tlie  few  of  the  local  class  used  in  Saxon 
times.  One  iElfgar  ret  Meapaham  is  men- 
tioned by  Jlr.  Kemble. 


MER 


MET 


MERCATOR.  The  latinization  of  Mercer, 
a  merchant  or  general  dealer.  This  name 
and  its  English  form,  Lo  Mercer,  are  very 
common  in  H.R. 

MERCER.  I  know  not  how  this  word 
came  to  be  monopolized  by  the  dealers  in 
silk,  as  its  true  and  original  meaning  is,  a 
general  dealer — a  person  who  combines  the 
trades  of  grocer,  draper,  hatter,  clothier, 
druggist,  stationer,  haberdasher,  undertaker,. 
&c.,  &c.,  as  many  country  shopkeepers  do  to 
this  day.  In  an  old  song  against  the  Friars 
it  is  said  : — 

"  For  tliai  Iiave  nought  to  live  t>y, 
They  wandren  here  and  there, 
And  dele  -n-ith  divers  marcen/e 
Right  as  thai  pedlars  were." 
Wrig?it's  Political  Poems  and  Songs,  vol,  i.  1859. 

INIERCHANT.  Like  the  Fr.  Le  Mar- 
chant,  a  general  dealer. 

MERCY.  Perhaps  applied  to  a  person 
who  had  performed  this  character  iu  some 
m}'stery  or  miracle-play.  Or  it  may  be  the 
same  as  Marcey. 

MEREDITH.  An  ancient  Welsh  per- 
sonal or  baptismal  name. 

I\IERES.     The  same  as  Mears. 

MEREWETHER.     See   Merrjweather. 

jNIERIDAY.  An  Irish  corruption  of  the 
Welsh  Meredith. 

MERIXGTOJ^.     See  Merrinoton. 

MERLE.     PerhajDS  the  same  as  Murrell. 

MERLLN^.     The  old  personal  name. 

MERRELL.  Probably  the  sauie  as  Mur- 
rell, Morell,  which  see. 

MERRICK     MERRICKS.    JIERRIX. 

See  Meyrick. 

1\IERRIDEW.     The  same  as  ]Meriday. 

MERRIFIELD.  The  site  of  Salisbury 
Catliedral  is  so  called  in  medieval  docu- 
ments, being  a  corruption  of  St.  Mary's 
Field.  Proceedings  of  Arch.  Instit.  at 
Salisbvuy,  p.  180. 

MERRIMAX.  "  The  phrase  mery  men, 
applied  to  adherents  or  soldiers,  may  be 
merely  expressive  of  their  hilarity  in  the 
service  of  their  chief. — A-Sax.  mirige, 
cheerful."  Jamieson.  "An  old  term  used 
by  a  chief  in  addressing  his  soldiers  ;  My 
merry  men."  Ibid.  But  a  correspondent 
tells  me  that,  from  time  immemorial,  at 
Marlborough,  the  Merrimans  have  occa- 
sionally written  themselves  Marmion,  and 
this  is  probably  the  true  source  of  the  sur- 
name. 

MERRIOTT.  A  parish  in  Somersetshire. 

MERRINGTON.     A  parish  in  Durham. 

MERRITT.  Probably  the  same  as  Mer- 
riott. 

3IERR  Y.  Gay  and  cheerful  in  disposition. 

MERRYjMOWTH.  From  the  expres- 
sion of  that  feature.  This  name  is  found  in 
Bury  Wills.,  &c.     Camd.  Soc. 


MERRYWEATHER.  Formerly  an 
idiomatic  phrase  for  joy,  pleasure,  or  delight. 
Halliw.  Hence  probably  applied  to  a  person 
of  hilarious  temperament.  Fairweather 
and  Fiueweather  ai'e  analogous  surnames. 

MERSH.  a  local  pronunciation  of  Marsh. 

MERSOM.     JMersham,  a  parish  in  Kent. 

MERVYN.  Probably  a  baptismal  name, 
as  we  find  in  Domesday  Merefin,  Merven, 
Mervinus,  &c.,  as  tenants  prior  to  the 
making  of  that  record.     See  Mirfin. 

MERYON,  This  family  settled  at  Rye, 
CO.  Sussex,  in  the  latter  part  of  the  XVII. 
century,  as  French  Protestant  refugees. 
The  original  name  Merignan,  has  passed 
through  the  several  orthographies  of  Miri- 
nian,  Merian,  and  Meryon.  HoUoway's 
Rye,  p.  583. 

MERYWEDYR.  An  old  spelling  of 
Jlerryweather.     See  Eng.  Sum.  i.  3G. 

MESNILWARING.     See  Mainwarin^. 

MESSAGE.  Probably  from  O.  Fr. 
messagcr,  a  messenger. 

]MESSENGER.  One  entrusted  Avith  a 
message :  an  ancient  oflice,  as  Messengers 
of  the  Exchequer,  Messengers  of  the  King, 
&c.  It  was  the  duty  of  the  latter  to  wait 
upon  the  Secretary  of  State,  to  carry  des- 
patches, and  to  take  state  prisoners  into 
custody.  Bailey.  Le  Messager  is  common 
in  H.R. 

MESSER.  Le  Messor  frequently  occurs 
iu  medieval  records  for  harvester,  reaper, 
mower.  In  the  S.  it  is  a  common  corrup- 
tion of  the  surname  Mercer. 

:METCALFE.  MEDCALF.  a  great 
Yorkshire  family.  In  the  third  year  of 
Queen  Mary,  Sir  Cliristopher  Metcalfe  met 
"  the  judges  at  York,  attended  on  with 
three  hundred  horsemen,  all  of  his  own 
name  and  kindred,  well  mounted  and  suit- 
ably attired.  The  Roman  Fabii,  the  most 
populous  tribe  in  that  city,  could  hardly 
have  made  so  fair  an  appearance,  insomuch 
that  Master  Camden  gives  the  Metcalfes 
this  character  :  Queb  uumerosissima  totius 
Anglite  familia  his  temporibus  censetur, 
(which  at  this  time,  viz.,  Anno  1607,  is 
counted  the  most  numerous  family  of  Eng- 
land.) Here  I  forbear  mentioning  of 
another,  which  perchance  might  vie  with 
them,  lest  casually  I  minister  matter  of 
contest."  Fuller's  AVorthies,  iii.  p.  455.  The 
origin  of  the  name  (probably  local)  is  un- 
known. Dr.  Whitaker  fancifully  derives  it 
from  jrec,  a  Saxon  baptismal  name,  and 
halgh,  a  low,  watery,  flat.  Others  consider 
it  a  compound  of  the  Welsh  Mccld,  a  mead, 
and  caf,  a  cell  or  church.  (Arthur.)  Tra- 
dition, however,  affords  a  much  more  easy 
explanation  of  it.  One  John  Strong  having 
seized  a  mad  bull  by  the  nostrils  with  his 
left  hand,  killed  the  beast  with  his  right, 
and  being  afterwards  questioned  on  the 
subject  of  his  prowess,  modestly  declared 
that  he  had  simply  inet  a  calf.  From  that 
time  he  acquired  the  surname  of  Metcalf ! 
Another  version  of  the  story  is  that  "  two 


MEY 


224 


MID 


men  being  in  the  woods  together  at  evening, 
seeing  a  four-footed  animal  coming  towards 
tliem,  one  said,  "  Have  j'ou  not  heard  of 
lions  in  these  woods  ?"  The  other  replied 
that  he  had,  hut  had  never  seen  any  such 
thing.  The  animal  coming  near,  one  ran 
away,  while  the  other  resolved  to  meet  it ; 
which  proving  to  be  a  red  calf,  he  that  met 
it  got  the  name  of  Metcalfe,  and  he  that 
ran  away  tliat  of  Lightfoot!"  (Ingledew's 
North-Allerton.)  Horace  Smith  is  therefore 
cleai'ly  wrong  in  the  assertion  tliat — 
"  Mr.  Jletcalf  ran  off  upon  meeting  a  cow, 
With  pale  Mr.  TuruliuU  beliind  him  !" 

METEYARD     See  Meatyard, 

IVIETHAM.     A  township  in  Yorkshire. 

METHLEY.     A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

]\IET1IUEN.     The  same  as  Methven. 

METHVEN.     A  parish  in  Perthshire. 

METTAM.     The  same  as  Metham. 

MEUX.  A  township  in  the  parish  of 
Wagheu,  east  riding  of  Yorkshire,  not  far 
from  Beverley,  anciently  remarkable  for  its 
Cistercian  Abbey. 

JMEW.  1.  This  Isle  of  Wight  name  seems 
to  be  identical  with  Meux  and  Meaux,  for- 
merly located  there,  and  tlie  arms  corres- 
pond. 2.  "An  enclosure;  hence ?;?«r.s,  the 
royal  stables."  .Jamiesou.  The  phrase 
"  mewed  up,"  in  the  sense  of  confined,  seems 
to  sanction  this  etymology. 

MEWBUEN.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Milburn,  the  mill-stream.  There  is,  how- 
ever, some  reason  to  suppose  that  it  maj'^ 
originally  have  been  Medburn,  "  the  middle 
stream,"  or  "  the  stream  of  the  meadows." 
See  Nicholson  and  Burn's  Hist,  of  West- 
moreland and  Cumberland,  vol.  i.  p.  502. 

IMEWETT.    Fr.  muet.     A  dumb  person. 

MEWS.  1.  The  same  as  Meux.  2. 
What  we  now  call  a  mews  is  a  stable,  or 
place  for  the  reception  of  horses ;  but  the 
word  meant,  in  the  days  of  falconry,  a  re- 
ceptacle for  hawks.  The  Fr.  vmcr  signifies 
to  moult,  and  a  cage  for  moulting  hawks 
was  formerly  called  a  mew.  Halliw.  The 
word  was  afterwards  extended  to  mean  the 
place  where  hawks  were  kept,  and  this,  by 
a  not  uncommon  change  of  signification, 
was  transferred  to  a  stable. 

MEYEPt.  MEYERS.  German  meier, 
a  steward,  bailiff,  tenant  of  a  farm,  or 
farmer. 

MEYNIL.  Norm.  Fr.  mesnil,  a  manor- 
house.  It  was  generallj'  compounded  witli 
another  word,  as  Mesnilwarin,  the  manor  of 
Warin,  Grentemesnil,  the  great  manor.  A 
great  number  of  ijlaces  in  Normandy  still 
bear  the  prefix  of  Meuil.  The  Meynells  of 
Hore-Cross,  co.  Stafford,  trace  liack  to  the 
reign  of  Hen.  II.,  in  co.  Derby.  The  Me}'- 
nells  of  North  Kilvington,  co.  York,  wei-e 
at  Hilton  in  Cleveland  from  the  XII.  to  the 
XVI.  century.  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men.  According  to  Nichols'  Leicester.sbire, 
the  former  family  are  supposed  to  be  des- 


cended from  Hugh  de  Grente -Mesnil,   the 
great  Norman  baron.     B.L.G. 

MEYRICK.  A  Welsh  personal  name 
formerly  written  Meui'ic,  Meirric,  or  Meurig. 
It  has  been  variously  corrupted  to  Merrick, 
Merricks,  Merrix,  &c. 

MIALL.     See  Mighell. 

MICHAEL.     The  personal  name. 

MICHAELS.       The    genitive     form    of 

Michael. 

MICHELBORNE.  An  eminent,  but 
now  extinct,  Sussex  famil3^  Local:  "the 
great  stream." 

MICHELL.  See  Mitchell.  Gilbert  de 
Aquila,  otherwise  called  Magnus,  and  by 
the  Saxons,  Mucel,  i.e.,  "  the  Great," 
flourished  in  the  XI.  cent.  From  him  one 
of  the  families  of  Michell  are  illegitimately 
descended.     Eng.  Surn.  ii.  190. 

MICHELIMORE.      Local:     "the    great 

moor." 

]\IICIiERSON.      The  son  of  Michel  or 

Michael. 

JMICHESONT.     The  same  as  jMiclierson. 

MICKLE.  Scot.  Big,  large  of  body. 
A.  Sax.  inaicel. 

MICHIE.     A  nursennme  of  Michael. 

MICKLEBURGII.  Local:  "the  great 
burg,  or  fortified  place." 

MICKLEFIELD. 

field. 

MICKLEJOHN.     See  John. 

MICKLETHVVAITE.  A  township  in 
the  jiarish  of  Biugley,  co.  York,  from  which 

county  the  existing  families  of  the  name 
have  sprung. 

MIDDLE.     A  parish  in  Shropshire. 

MIDDLEBROOK.  Local:  place  xm- 
kuown,  or  perhaps  now  known  as  Mil- 
brook.  In  this  way,  the  manor  and  hamlet 
of  Middleton,  near  Alfriston,  co.  Sussex, 
have  been  contracted  to  Milton-court  and 
Milton-street. 

MIDDLEIIOPE.  Local:  "the  middle 
hope."    See  Hope. 

MIDDLEMAST.     See  Middlemiss. 

MIDDLEMISS.  A  corruption  of 
Micliaelmas,  which  is  so  pronounced  in 
some  dialects.  Other  corrupted  forms  of 
the  word,  employed  as  surnames,  are  Mid- 
dlemist  and  Middlemast.  Pi-obabl)'  from 
the  person  having  been  born  at  that  festival. 
So  Christmas,  Easter,  Pentecost,  &c. 

MIDDLEMIST.    See  Lliddlemiss. 

MIDDLETON.  'The  middle  tun'  or 
enclosure — a  very  common  name  of  j^laces. 
The  Gazetteer  mentions  more  than  thirty 
parishes,  chapelries,  and  townships,  so 
called  in  S.  Britain;  but  there  are  many 
minor  localities  and  estates  of  this  name 
(frequently  several  in  a  single  county),  and 
some  of  these  are  contra-ctcd  to  Milton. 


Local :     "  the  great 


MIL 

MIDDLEWOOD.  Local  :  place  un- 
known. 

MIDGLEY,     A  township  in  Yorkshire. 

MIDLAM.  A  contraction  of  ]MiddIe- 
liam,  the  name  of  many  localities  in  various 
counties  and  sliires. 

INIIDWINTER.  Apparently  identical 
with  Christmas,  Noel,  &c.,  (which  see,) 
since  Rohert  of  Gloucester,  speaking  of  the 
coronation  of  William  the  Conqueror, 
which  took  place  on  Christmas  Day,  1066, 
sa^'s,  that  he  was  crowned  "amydewynter 
day."  J/idwinter-day  seems  to  have  l)een 
used  as  the  antithesis  of  jMidsinumer-day. 
See  Sir  H.  Nicolas'  Chronology  of  History. 
Blidewj'uter,     H.R. 

MIERS.     See  Myers. 

MIGIIELL.  A  medieval  form  of 
Michael.  The  pronunciation,  though  not 
the  orthography,  is  employed  by  Butler : — 

"  At  Jlichxl's  terra  had  many  a  trial, 
Worse  than  the  Dragon  and  St.  Jlficliacl. 

Hxidil»-as.  iH.  3,  ca7>to  2. 

MILBANK.     MILLBANK.     The  name 

of  many  trivial  localities  in  England  and 
Scotland. 

MILEOURNE.  MILBORNE.  See 
Milburn  for  the  etymology.  Several  places 
in  the  W.  of  England  bear  this  name. 

MILBURN.  Townships  in  Dumbar- 
tonshire, Northumberland,  and  Westmore- 
land. The  Imp.  Gazetteer  of  Scotl.  defines 
Jlillbuni  as  "any  brook  driving  a  mill, 
or  any  locality  washed  by  such  brook,  and 
taking  name  from  it.  Brooks  and  localities 
of  the  name  of  Jlillburn  are  very  numer- 
ous in  Scotland, — many  of  them  probably 
having  received  the  name  in  the  times  of 
thirlage,  when  the  mill  of  an  estate  or 
barony,  together  with  the  brook  which 
drove  it,  was  an  object  of  local  interest 
inferior  only  to  the  church  and  the  manor 
house." 

MILDMAY.  The  family  are  traced  to 
1U7,  and  the  name  to  Mildme.  What  the 
latter  means,  I  have  not  been  fortunate 
enough  to  guess.  See  however  the  guesses 
of  Messrs.  Ferguson  and  Arthur  on  the 
subject : — 

Ferguson.  A-Sax.  milde,  and  mioj,  a 
maiden  :  "The  mild  maiden." 

Arthur.  A- Sax.  milde,  soft  and  tender, 
and  dema,  a  judge  ;  "  it  was  given  to  one 
of  the  early  ancestors  of  the  family,  from 
his  tempering  the  severity  of  the  law  with 
mercy." 

MILDRED.  The  personal  name.  See 
Female  Christian  Names. 

MILEHAM.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

INIILE.  From  Milo,  a  not  unusual  per- 
sonal name  among  the  Normans ;  oftener, 
perhaps,  a  corruption  of  Michael,  through 
Mighcll.  In  some  rural  districts  Michael- 
mas is  commonly  called  il/ifcmas. 

]\IILES.     See  Mile. 

IMILESON.  The  son  of  Miles  or  JMichael. 
2  G 


225  M  I  L 

MILESTONE.  From  residence  near  one. 

MILEY.  Perhaps  a  'nursename'  of 
Miles  or  Michael. 

MILGROVE.  Probably  the  "middle 
grove."     See  P.Iiddlebrook. 

MILIIAM.  Milium  or  Millom,  a  parish 
in  Cumberland. 

MILICENT.  The  female  Christian 
name.     The  H.R.  form  is  Fil'Miliccut. 

MILK.  "  Certainly  might  be  from  Old 
Norse,  mylJd,  a  rustic,  one  who  milks. 
But  upon  the  Avhole  it  is  more  probably 
a  diminutive  of  Milo,  Miley,  Miles."  Fer- 
guson. 

MILKER.  A  milk-man  or  dairy -man, 
Le  Milkar.  H.R. 

MILKSOP.  A  common  surname  in  many 
spellings  in  the  XIII.  century.    See  H.R. 

MILL.  The  old  Sussex  family  of  this 
name  originally  wrote  themselves  At-Milue, 
i.e.  '  at  the  mill'    See  however  under  Mills. 

MILLAR.     The  Scotch  form  of  Miller. 

]\nLLARD.  Mill-ward,  the  keeper  of  a 
mill,  by  the  suppression  of  W.  So  Wood- 
ard  from  AVoodward. 

MILLER.  The  occupation;  which  has 
also  given  rise  to  Attmill,  Milner,  Milne, 
Mihies,  Mills,  Milman,  Millward.  In  H.R. 
Molendinarius,  Le  Molendinator,  De  Mo- 
lendino,  &c. 

MILLGATE. 

mill." 

MTIJLICENT 

See  Milicent. 

MILLIDGE. 

Staffordshire. 

MILLIGAN. 

Irish  name. 

MILLIKEN.  MILLIKIN.  Corrup- 
tions of  Milligan. 

MILLINER.  The  occupation  of  the 
w««-milliner  in  England,  as  well  as  the  ex- 
istence of  the  word  in  English,  is  so  recent, 
that  I  am  disposed  to  consider  this  surname 
as  a  corruption  of  Milner. 

MILLINGEN.  A  corruption  of  Milligan. 

i\IILLINGTON.  A  parish  in  Yorkshire, 
and  a  township  in  Cheshire. 

IMILLION,  which  occui-s  in  l6th  Re- 
port of  Regist.  Gen.,  is  probably  a  corruption 
of  St.  Mellion,  co.  Cornwall. 

INIILLIS.     Probably  the  same  as  Miles. 

MILLMAN.  MIL:MAN.  One  who  re- 
sided at  or  near  a  mill — a  miller. 

MILLS.  Perhaps  from  residence  near 
mills,  in  some  instances.  I  am  rather  dis- 
posed, however,  to  consider  it  the  genitive 
of  an  abbreA-iatcd  form  of  Michael  (see 
l\Iiles),  and  the  occurrence  of  Millson  seems 
to  favour  this  derivation.  But  see  Milsou, 
which  is  '  local.' 


Local :   "  the 


gate 


by  the 

The  personal  designation. 

jMilwich,    a    parish  in 

O'lviilligan,     an     ancient 


MIS 


226 


MOL 


MILLSON.     See  Mills. 

MILL  WARD.  One  who  had  custody  of 
a  manorial  or  monastic  mill.  Lc  Meleward, 
XIII.  century.     See  Ward. 

MILLWOOD.  Local  :  "the  wood  by 
the  mill." 

MILNE.  MILNES.  O.  Eng.  miln,  mcbi, 
and  mulne,  a  mill.  Tlie  forms  in  H.R. 
are  Atte  Melne,  Atte  Mille,  De  Molendino, 
and  there  is  also  one  Alexander  de  Molen- 
din'Aureo — "Alexander  of  the  Golden  Mill." 
There  is  a  sept  or  clan  of  Milne  in  Kox- 
bnrghshire. 

MILNER.     O.  En?,  a  miller. 

MILO.  The  personal  name,  common  in 
Norman  times. 

MIL  SON.     A  parish  in  Shropshire. 

MILSTEAD.     A  parish  In  Kent. 

MILTON.  SeennderMiddleton.  Twenty- 
four  places  called  Milton  are  given  in  the 
Eng.  Gazetteer,  and  the  Ordnance  Survey 
shows  many  more  in  various  counties. 

MINCHIN.  Probably  an  old  personal 
name  of  the  A-Sax.  period,  whence  the  local 
names  Minchinton  and  IMinchinhampton. 
The  Irish  branch  went  over  with  William 
III.,  and  almost  all  the  owners  of  the 
name  are  said  to  be  located  in  or  about 
Moneygall,  near  Menagh,  co.  Tipperary. 

MINER.     The  occupation. 

IMINBT.  French  Protestant  refugees, 
after  the  Eev.  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 

MINN.   MINNS.     MINSON.   ]\IINKS. 

This   series  seems  to  point  to  Minn,   (the 
sameasMjTin)  as  an  ancient  personal  name. 

MINNETT.     See  MInnitt. 

MINISTER.      Lat.   An    attendant,  ser- 
vitor. 

MINNITT.  The  family  of  ?.IInnItt  of 
Anaghbeg,  co.  Tipperary,  are  of  great  an- 
tiquity. The  name  is  found  in  cos.  York, 
Suffolk,  and  Norfolk,  dating  from  the  XIII. 
cent.  B.L.G.  It  is  probably  tlie  same 
as  the  modern  French  Slinet. 

MINOR.  Perhaps  a  latinizatlon ;  but 
more  likely  a  mis-spelling  of  '  Miner.' 

MINSHULL.  A  parish  In  Clieshire,  and 
a  to\niship  in  the  same  county. 

IMINSTER.  The  O.  Eng.  form  of  monas- 
terium,  a  monastery  or  great  church,  as 
York  minster,  Beverley  minster,  ■\^'^est- 
minster. 

MINTER.  Probably  the  same  as 
moneyer,  an  artificer  of  coins.  In  Saxon, 
Norman,  and  more  recent  times,  every  con- 
siderable town  had  its  mint  and  its  moneyer 
or  Miuter. 

MINTON.  Perhaps  from  iMindton  in 
Shropshire. 

MIRFIN.     An  ancient  personal  name. 

MISTER.  ]\IIuster-the  N  being  elided 
in  rapid  pronunciation. 


MITCHAIM.     A  parish  in  "Surrey. 

MITCHELHILL.  Local:  "the  great 
hill " — possibly  a  translation  of  the  Fr. 
Grammont,  grand  mont. 

MITCHELL.  The  A-Sax.  mjjcel,  great, 
or  mickle,  would  be  a  tolerably  satisfactory 
etymon,  and  this  may  in  some  instances 
be  the  origin  of  the  surname  ;  but  I  think 
in  most  cases  it  is  derived  from  Michael, 
a  very  popular  baptismal  name  in  many 
countries,  through  its  French  form,  Michel. 
This  view  is  confirmed  by  the  existence  of 
the  surname  Mitchelson. 

I^aTCIIELSON.     See  Mitchell. 

MITFORD.  "Descended  from  Matthew, 
brother  of  John,  who  is  said  to  have  held 
the  castle  of  Mitford  in  Northumberland, 
soon  after  the  Conquest,  and  by  whose  only 
daughter  and  heiress  it  went  to  the  Ber- 
trams. The  ancestors  of  the  present  family 
appear  to  have  been  for  many  ages  resident 
at  IMitford,  though  the  castle  was  not  in  their 
possession  till  it  was  granted  with  the 
manor  by  Charles  II.  to  Eobert  Mitford, 
Esq."     Shu-ley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

MIXWELL.  Doubtless  the  same  as 
Maxwell. 

MIZON.  Doubtless  ]\Iisson,  a  parish  in 
Nottinghamshire. 

IMOAT.  MOATE.  1\I0ATES.  From 
residence  at  a  moated  enclosure.  Many 
places  so  defended  acquired  the  specific 
name  of  The  IMoat.  ]\Iote,  without  prefix, 
is  found  in  the  H.R. 

]\IOP>ERLEY.  A  parish  in  Cheshire, 
which  gave  name  to  the  family  in  the  XIII. 
century. 

IMOCKETT.     Said  to  be  a  diminutive  of 

Maurice. 

MODE.  Possibly  connected  with  the 
A-Sax.  ?u6d,  disposition,  mood,  violence, 
force. 

MOEL.     A  Welsh  word  signifying  bald. 

MOFFATT.  A  parish  partly  in  Lanark- 
shire and  partlj'  in  Dumfriesshire. 

MOIIUN.  Moyon,  an  ancient  barony 
near  St.  Lo,  in  Normandy.  William  de 
Moiun,  whose  descendants  varied  their  or- 
thography to  Blohun,  was  a  great  tenant  in 
chief  in  the  western  counties.  Domesd. 
Hence  Moon,  and  perhaps  Muun. 

jMOLE.     a  river  of  Surrey  tributary  to 

the  Thames,  and  so  called  because  in  parts 
of  its  cour.sG  it  is  subterraneous. 

"  And  sullen  Mole  that  runneth  underneath." 

MOLEIIUNT.  A  mole-catcher.  A-Sax. 
moldc  [n-eai'vl  and  hunta.  Molehunte. 
H.R. 

JMOLESAVORTIL  a  parish  in  Hunt- 
ingdonshire. The  family  can  be  traced  in 
early  times  to  that  county,  and  to  Sir 
Walter  de  Molesworth,  one  of  Edward  the 
First's  Crusaders.     B.L.G. 

JMOLINES.  The  baronial  family  of  De 
IMolines,  who  became  eminent  under  Edw 


MON 


227 


MON 


III.,  are  stated  in  the  Baronages  to  have  de- 
rived their  surname  from  the  town  so  called 
in  the  Bomiiounois ;  but  there  may  have 
been  an  earlier  settlement  from  one  of  the 
numerous  places  in  Normandy  called  Mou- 
lines  or  Moulins,  from  the  molendiiui  or 
water-mills  there  existing. 

MOLLEY.     A  corruption  of  Mnlloy. 

MOLLING.     A  corruption  of  Mailing. 

MOLINEUX.  MOLYNEUX.  This 
family  came  from  Molineaux-sur-Seine,  not 
far  from  Rouen,  celebrated  for  the  ruins  of 
an  ancient  fortress  popularly  called  the 
Castle  of  Eobert  le  Diable,  which  was 
destroyed  by  John  Sans-Terre,  but  re-built 
in  1378  by  the  King  of  Navarre.  Itin.  de 
la  Normandie.  The  noble  family  trace  an 
unbroken  male  descent  from  "William  de 
Moliueux,  lord  of  Sefton,  co.  Lancaster,  oneof 
the  followers  of  William  the  Conqueror. 
Courthope's  Debrett. 

MOLLISON.  See  Female  Christian 
Names. 

]\IOLONY.  Malaunay,  a  manufacturing 
town  near  Rouen  in  Normandy.  The  spel- 
ling of  the  name  in  H.E.  is  Maloneye. 

MOLSOX.      The  son  of  IMoll  or  IMary. 

See  Female  Christian  Names. 

MOLTOX.    Two  parishes  in  Devonshire- 

MOLYXEUX.     See  Mollneux. 

INIOMPESSOX.  Mont  PInson  is  a  castle 
on  the  river  Scie  in  Normandy,  whence  also 
probably  the  surname  of  Piusent. 

MOXAHAX.  Possibly  from  the  Irish 
county,  Monaghan. 

MOXBODDO.  Domesday  mentions  one 
]Manbodo  as  a  tenant  in  Yorkshire. 

IMOXCEUX.  The  great  Xorman  family, 
Avho  gave  the  suftix  to  Hurst-Monceux, 
CO.  Sussex,  and  to  Compton-Monceux,  co. 
Hants.,  derived  their  surname  "  from  a 
place  in  the  parish  of  Guerou,  in  the  dio- 
cese of  Bayeux,  and  are  stated  by  some 
authorities  to  have  come  over  with  the 
Conqueror."  Venables's  Herstmonceux  and 
its  Lords.  Lond.  1851.  Fr.  monceaux, 
heaps,  monticuli. 

MOXCIIEXSEY.  Hubert  de  Monte- 
Canisio,  was  a  tenant  in  chief  in  Suffolk  at 
the  making  of  Domesday.  He  also  possessed 
lands  in  Kent,  where  one  of  the  parishes  of 
Boughton  has  the  suftix  IMonchensey, 
or  corruptly  ]Monchelsea,  from  the  family. 
Among  the  numerous  Monts  in  Normandy, 
I  find  no  place  approaching  this  name  in 
sound,  but  there  is  a  Casiui  in  the  vicinity  of 
St.  Lo." 

MOXCK.     See  Monk. 

]\IOXCKTOX.     See  jNIonkton. 

MOXCRIEFF.     Of  that  Ilk— a  hill  near 

Perth,  renowned  for  its  majestic  panoramic 

view. 

JMOXCUR.  An  ancient  castle  In  the 
parish  of  Inchture,  co.  Perth. 


MOXDAY.  See  Times  and  Seasons.  In 
H.R.  Moneday. 

^g"  MONEY,  (lenominaiions  of.  How  such 
names  as  Farthing,  Halfpenny,  Penny, 
Twopenny,  Thickpenny,  Moncypenny, 
Manypenny,  Peunymore,  Grote,"  Tester, 
Ducat,  &c.,  became  hereditary  surnames, 
or  even  surnames  at  all,  it  is  not  very 
easy  to  determine.  Perhaps  most  of 
them  arc  cori'uptions  of  other  -ivords. 

Pound,  Angel,  Noble,  Mark,  and  Bodle, 
though  denominations  of  money,  are 
derived  with  much  greater  probal.iility 
from  other  sources. 

jMOXEY.  jNIonnay,  a  jjlace  in  Xormandy, 
department  of  Orne.  Hence  the  De  Mony 
of  the  H.R.  The  Le  Money  of  those  records 
is  probably  blundered  from  Le  Movne,  the 
3Ionk. 

MOXGER.  A-Sax.  mancgere,  originally 
a  merchant  of  the  highest  class.  J]lfric's 
mancgere  is  represented  as  trading  in  purple 
and  silk,  precious  gems,  gold,  wine,  oil,  &c. 
Wright's  Vocab.  p.  8.  The  word  has  under- 
gone great  degradation  in  '  costermonger.' 
'newsmonger,'  &c.  It  stands  alone  as  a 
surname,  as  well  as  in  composition  in 
Cheesemonger,  Fellmonger,  Woodmonger, 
Icemouger,  Iremouger,  and  Iroumonger. 

MONIXGTOX.  A  township  In  Here- 
fordshire. 

MOXIXS.  The  old  Kentish  family  of 
this  name  (baronets  lGll-1678)  claimed 
descent  from  "  Sir  Symou  de  Monyn  of  the 
castle  of  Mayou  in  Normandy."  I  cannot 
find  any  place  so  called  in  that  province. 

MOXK.  A  sobriquet  of  great  antiquity. 
See  EccLESiASTicii  Surnames. 

jMOXKHOUSE.  From  residence  at  a 
house  belonging  to  some  monastery,  whence 
also  the  surname  Monks. 

JMOXKLAXD.  An  ancient  barony  in 
Lanarkshire,  and  a  place  near  Jedburgh. 
Also  a  parish  in  co.  Hereford. 

MOXKS.     See  Monkhouse. 

jMOXKTOX.  Parishes,  &-e.,  In  cos. 
Devon,  Durham,  Kent,  York,  AVilts,  Dorset, 
Somerset,  and  Ayr. 

aiOXRO.     The  first  of  the  family  for 

whom  we  have  distinct  authority,  is  Geoi-ge 
Monro  of  Fowlis  in  Scotlnnd,  mentioned Tn 
documents  temp.  Alexander  II. 

]\IOXSELL.     See  IMaunsell  or  Mansell. 

jSIOXSEY.  An  old  corrupt  form  of 
Monceaux. 

]\IOXSOX.  It  has  been  stated  that 
Monson  ineaus  the  son  of  Mon  or  Mun,  the 
nickname  of  Edmund,  but  this  is  not  pro- 
bable. Lord  Monson's  pedigree  is  traced  to 
Lincolnshire,  and  the  year  1378.  Leland 
spells  the  name  Mounson,  which  has  a 
French  or  Norman  aspect. 

MOXTACUTE.     See  Montague. 

MOXTAGUE.  "That  the  "surname  of 
this   family,"  observes   Collins,   "was  an- 


MON 


228 


MOO 


ciently  written  in  Latin,  Do  Monte  Acnto, 
imd  in  old  English,  Montacute,  is  evident 
from  Domesday  Boole  and  other  records ;  but 
the  original  name  was  Montagu,  from  the 
town  of  Montagu  in  Normandy  ;  of  which 
name  and  family  there  are  still  remaining 
many  persons  of  distinction  in  France."  The 
patriarch  of  the  family  in  England  was  the 
great  Domesday  tenant,  Drogo  de  Monte- 
acuto,  who  came  hither  in  the  retinue  of 
Robert  Earl  of  Mortain,  the  Conqueror's 
half-brother.  His  descendants  have  been 
frequently  ennobled  in  both  early  and  mo- 
dern times.  There  are  at  present  three  places 
in  Normandy  called  Montaigu;  that  from 
which  our  English  family  sprang  would 
appear  to  be  Montaigu-les-Bois,  in  the  ar- 
rondissement  of  Coutauces,  of  which  M.  Du 
Bois  I'emarks :  "  Ses  ancieus  seigneurs 
etaient  fameux  dans  le  moyen-age."  Itin. 
de  la  Normandie,  516.  The  parish  of  Mont- 
acute, CO.  Somerset,  received  its  appellation 
from  this  family,  who,  as  tenants  of  the 
Norman  Earls  of  Mortain,  had  possessions 
there. 

I\IONTALT.  See  Maude.  It  is  asserted 
by  some  genealogists  that  Robert,  one  of  the 
barons  of  Hugh  Lupus,  Earl  of  Chester,  as- 
sumed the  surname  fi-ora  his  chief  place  of 
residence,  an  elevated  spot  in  Flintshire, 
now  called  Mold. 

MONTFICHET.  Descended  from  Ro- 
bert Gernon,  a  great  tenant  in  Domesday. 
His  son,  according  to  Morant,  took  this 
name  from  the  castle  of  Stanstead,  co. 
Essex,  from  the  raised  mount  {monsfixus?) 
which  he  there  constructed.  But  there  is, 
near  Bayeux,  a  place  called  Montfiquet. 

MONTEFIORE.  Of  recent  settlement 
here  from  Italy.  Tlie  name  is  local,  from 
monte,  a  hill,  M\Afi6re,  a  ilower  or  blossom 
— "the  blooming  hill." 

MONTEITH.     A  parish  in  Perthshire. 

MONTFORD.     A  parish  in  Shropshire. 

JMONTFORT.  Hugh  de  I\Iontfort,  son 
of  Thurstan  de  Bastcnbergh,  a  Norman, 
accompanied  the  Conqueror  in  1006,  and 
obtained  for  his  services  more  than  one 
hundred  lordships  in  Kent,  Essex,  Suffolk, 
and  Norfolk.  There  are  two  pkices  in  Nor- 
mandy called  Mont-Fort,  situated  respec- 
tively near  Argeutan,  and  near  Pont-Aude- 
mer.  The  latter,  a  fortified  town,  bore  the 
name  anterior  to  1050.  Itin.  de  la  Nor- 
mandie. The  male  line  of  this  noble  family 
became  extinct  in  the  XIII.  cent. 

The  Moutforts,  Earls  of  Leicester,  were  of 
a  different  origin,  having  sprung  from  Al- 
maric,  natui-al  son  of  Robert,  king  of  France, 
from  whom  he  received  in  gift  the  town  of 
Montfort  in  France,  and  thence  the  sur- 
name. His  descendant,  Simon  de  Mont- 
fort, coming  into  this  country,  was  made 
Earl  of  Leicester  by  King  John,  and  his  sou 
of  the  same  name  was  the  great  leader  of 
the  insurgent  barons  against  Henry  HI. 

MONTGOMERIE.  Robert  de  ifont- 
gomery  (or  as  the  old  mis-spelling  genealo- 
gists had  it,  De  Mumdcgrumbie)  appears  to 
have  accompanied  Walter,  the  high  stew- 


ard, ancestor  of  the  royal  house  of  Stuart, 
from  Wales  into  Scotland,  where  he  ac- 
quired from  him  the  manor  of  Eglisham, 
CO.  Renfrew,  -which  still  belongs  to  his 
lineal  descendant,  the  Earl  of  Eglintoun. 
The  origin  of  Robert  from  the  great  Nor- 
man De  Montgomerys  cannot  be  doubted. 

]\IONTGOMERY.  Mont-Gomerie  is 
near  Lisieux  in  Normandy.  Its  counts, 
says  Dubois,  "jouent  un  role  important 
dans  rhistoire  de  Normandie."  One  of 
them,  Roger  de  M.,  a  kinsman  of  the  Con- 
queror, accompanied  him,  and  led  the  centre 
of  his  army  at  Hastiugs.  In  reward  for 
his  services,  he  was  created  Earl  of  Arundel 
and  Shrewsbury,  and  received  manoi'S  in 
many  counties.  From  him  the  town  and 
shire  of  Montgomery,  in  ^Vales,  derive  their 
name. 

JMONTMORRIS.     See  jMorris. 

J\I0NT0LIEU.  A  distinguislied  family 
of  Provence  and  Lajiguedoc,  so  ancient,  it 
is  said,  that  St.  Cyprian,  who  was  made 
bishop  of  Marseille  in  510,  was  a  cadet  of  it. 
The  present  represcntati^'e  is  the  i\Iarquis 
de  Moutolieu.  The  English  branch  des- 
cended from  David  M.,  Baron  de  St.  Hypo- 
lite,  who  was  driven  out  of  France  by  the 
Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  and 
who  entered  the  Dutch  service,  and  came 
into  England  in  command  of  the  life-guards 
of  king  William  III. 

JMONTRESOR.  A  family  of  Fr.  origin 
and  traced  back  to  the  year  1186.  Two 
centuries  later,  at  the  Revocation  of  tho 
Edict  of  Nantes,  a  branch  settled  in  Eng- 
land. 

MONUMENT.  MONEYMENT.  From 
residence  near  one. 

MONYPENNY.  This  Scottish  name  is 
traditlonaUij  derived  from  the  acquisitive 
habits  of  the  first  owner,  which  won  for 
him  the  sobriquet  of  "monya  penny  ;"  but 
that  it  is  local  is  proved  by  the  pi-efix  De, 
with  which  it  is  found  in  early  records. 
The  family  \\-qvq  first  in  possession  of  Pit- 
milly,  CO.  Fife.  About  the  year  1450,  cer- 
tain lands  in  Stirlingshire  were  erected  into 
the  barony  of  Monypeuny,  and  their  owner 
began  to  style  himself  "  de  eodera,"  or  "  of 
that  Ilk."  Inf  Jos.  Robertson,  Esq.  The 
names  Mauipeni,  Manypeny,  and  Mani- 
penyn  are  found  in  cos.  Huntingdon,  Cam- 
bridge and  Bedford,  in  H.R. 

MOODIE.  Gallant,  courageous.  Jamie- 
son. 

MOODY.     SeeMoodie.     Mody.     II.R. 

LIOON.  A  corruption  of  Mohun.  The 
Itin.  dela  Normandie,  speaking  of  the  place 
from  whence  the  Jlolmns  derived  their 
name  (Moyon)  says:  "Masseville  appelle 
ce  bouvg  j\Ioon."'  By  a  like  crasis  Bohun 
became  Boon. 

MOONE.     See  j\Ioon. 

MOORBY.     A  parish  in  Lincolnshire. 

MOORE.  From  residence  at  a  boggy 
heath  or  moor.  The  medieval  forms  are 
Atte  Mor  or  Tilore,  De  Mora,  Ad  Moram. 


MO  11 


229 


M  0  R 


MOOREY.   Local :  "  the  moorisli  island." 

MOORHOUSE.  Places  in  Cuniberland, 
Durham,  Sussex,  &c. 

MOORIMAN.  See  Moore,  and  the  termi- 
nation Man. 

MOORSOM.  Probably  Moorshara,  a 
township  in  the  N.R.  of  Yorlishire. 

MOORTON.  A  chapelry  in  G  loucester- 
shire. 

MORDAN".  1.  See  Morden.  2.  See 
Mordaunt. 

MORDAUNT.  Accordincr  to  the  senea- 
logy  of  this  family,  printed  temp.  Charles 
II.,  their  patriarch  was  Sir  Osbert  le  Mor- 
daunt,  who  possessed  Kadwell,  co.  Bedford, 
by  the  gift  of  his  brother,  who  had  received 
it  from  the  Conqueror,  for  services  rendered 
by  himself  and  his  father.  Le  Mordannt — 
"  the  Biter  " — is  evidently  a  sobriquet  allu- 
sive to  some  feat  performed  with  the 
teeth. 

MORDAY.     See  Mordue. 

MORDEN".  Parishes  in  cos.  Cambridge 
and  Dorset. 

MORDUE.  "  ]\Iort-de-Dieu  ;"  Death  of 
God  ! — an  oath.  IMorday  is  apparently  the 
same  name.    Compare  Pardew  and  Parday. 

]\IORE.  1.  A  parish  in  Shropshire.  2. 
See  Moore. 

MOREFOT.  Local:  "the  loot  or  ter- 
mination of  the  moor." 

JMOREHOUSE.  The  same  as  Moor- 
house. 

MOREL.     See  Morell. 

MORELAND.     See  Morland. 

MORELL.  "  The  sreat  grandfathers  of 
Dr.  Morell  [LLD.,  who  died  at  Bath  in  1 810] 
both  paternally  and  maternally  were  Hu- 
guenots, who  resided  in  the  province  of 
Champagne,  in  France.  At  tlie  memorable 
era  of  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes, 
these  confessors  were  imprisoned,  their 
goods  confiscated,  and  there  is  reason  to 
believe  that  they  eventually  suffered  martyr- 
dom. Of  one  of  them  it  is  related,  that 
during  his  impi'isonment  he  was  the  means 
of  coufirming  the  faith  of  his  fellow-i)rison- 
ers  by  his  discourses,  and  that  he  was  ac- 
customed to  preach  to  the  inhabitants  of 
the  town  in  which  he  was  immured  through 
the  grating  of  his  dungeon.  Each  of  these 
admirable  men  left  an  infant  son,  whose 
respective  names  were  Daniel  Morel  and 
Stephen  Conte,  and  who,  as  it  will  presently 
appear,  wei'e  the  great-grandfathers  of  Dr. 
Morell.  During  a  dreadful  day  of  persecu- 
tion, when  blood  was  streaming  in  the 
streets,  and  the  Protestants  were  fleeing  from 
the  sword,  two  soldiei's  entered  a  liouse, 
and  after  having  killed  some  of  the  inmates, 
seeing  an  infant  lying  in  the  cradle,  one  of 
them,  with  his  sword,  pierced  it,  and  the 
blood  gushed  forth. — its  life,  Iiowever,  was 
saved ;  it  was  snatched  up  by  some  one, 
who  remarked  that  The  hale  at  least  was 
not  a  Protestant,   and  it  was  taken  and 


given  to  a  Protestant  woman,  -n-ho  had  a 
little  one  of  her  own  then  hanging  at  her 
breast ;  she  took  the  child  and  became  a 
mother  to  it :  and  tliese  two  boys,  both  fed 
upon  the  same  bosom,  grew  up  togetl^er  to 
be  men.  One  of  tliem, — that  one  that 
nearly  lost  his  life  in  the  cradle,  was  Daniel 
Morell,  and  that  woman's  child  was  Stephen 
Conte.  Some  Protestants  of  distinction, 
who  were  emigrants  to  Holland,  toolv  charge 
of  the  orphans ;  and  they,  when  they  arrived 
at  manhood,  attached  tliemselves  to  a  regi- 
ment of  French  refugees,  which  was  raised 
about  that  time  by  the  Prince  of  Orange, 
and  wliicli  on  his  accession  to  the  English 
throne,  accompanied  him  to  this  country. 
In  his  service  these  young  men  passed  over 
into  Ireland,  and  married  into  Protestant 
families,  who,  like  themselves,  had  been 
the  victims  of  religious  persecution.  The 
foster  brothers,  who  had  been  so  nearly 
and  wonderfully  united  in  their  infancy, 
saw  themselves  again  united,  in  their  age, 
in  the  persons  of  their  children ;  for  the 
son  of  Daniel  Morell  married  the  daughter 
of  Stephen  Conte,  and  the  issue  of  this 
marriage  was  the  late  I\Ir.  Stephen  Morell, 
the  father  of  Dr.  Morell."  Sketch  of  Life 
and  Character  of  Rev.  J.  Morell,  L.L.D.,  by 
the  Rev.  T.  R.  Wreford,  D.D.,  F.S.A..  But 
there  were  other  and  earlier  importations  of 
this  name  into  England,  the  first  on  record 
being  that  of  one  Morel,  who  is  mentioned 
in  the  Domesday  of  Norfolk.  The  -uord  is 
a  diminutive  of  the  0.  Fr.  More,  a  Moor, 
and  refers  to  darkness  of  complexion. 

]\IORETOiSr.  1.  Parishes  and  places  In 
cos.  Oxon,  Bucks,  Chester,  Dorset,  Essex, 
Notts,  Salop,  Stafford,  Gloucester,  Devon, 
Berks,  &c.  2.  Au  anglicized  form  of  Mor- 
tain,  a  great  baronial  family  founded  in 
England  by  Robert,  Earl  of  Mortain,  uterine 
lirother  of  "William  the  Conqueror. 

MOREY.     The  same  as  Moorey. 

MORFEE.     See  Maufee. 

IMORGAX.  A  AVelsh  personal  name  of 
high  antiquity.  The  founder  of  the  Pela- 
gian hei'esy,  in  the  fourth  century,  v/as  a  true 
Welshman  and  a  monk  of  Bangor.  His 
name  was  Morgan,  which  signifies  '  Of  the 
Sea,'  and  this  was  correctly  latinized  Pela- 
gius. 

In  Wales  the  surname  often  occurs  with 
the  prefix  Aj).  In  England  an  eminent  ma- 
thematician writes  himself  De  Morgan.  The 
Morgans  of  Golden  Grove,  co,  Flint,  descend 
from  Marchudd  ap  Cynan,  founder  of  the 
eighth  noble  tribe  of  North  Wales  and 
Powys  ;  though  the  settled  name  of  Morgan 
was  not  assumed  until  the  XVI.  century. 

MORICE.     See  under  Morris. 

MORING,  In  H.R.  Morlu  and  Moryn. 
Perhaps  from  Morini,  the  ancient  name  of 
the  district  about  Calais.  A  Deringus  de 
Morinis  founded  the  family  of  Deriug,  of 
Kent. 

jMORISON.  The  son  of  Maurice. 

]\I0RLAN]3.  A  parish  in  Westmore- 
land. 


MOR 


230 


M  0  S 


MORLEY.     Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Derby,  York,  Norfolk,  &c. 

MORPHET.     Probably  a  corruption  of 

Moffatt. 

MORRICE.     See  Morris. 

MORRIS.  This  common  surname,  -which 

is,  and  has  been,  various] j^  written  Morriss, 
Morres,  Morice,  Morrice,  Maurice,  Mor_ys, 
Moi"is,  Morrisli,  Morse;  which  gives  rise  to 
the  patronymical  forms  Morrison,  Morris- 
son,  Morson ;  and  wliich  is  found  associated 
■with  various  prefixes,  such  as  Fitz,  Clan, 
Mount,  De,  &c.,  may  be  traced  to  various 
sources.  "  Of  the  English  families  of  that 
name,"  observes  Burke,  "  there  are  two 
classes,  those  of  native,  and  those  of  foreign, 
extraction.  The  latter  came  over  with  the 
Conqueror.  Of  tlie  former,  the  most  an- 
cient are  derived  from  Wales.  One  section 
of  the  foreign  class  had  a  Moorish  origin, 
as  indeed  the  name  expresses,  and  crossed 
over  from  Africa  to  Europe  bj''  way  of  Spain, 
whence  were  introduced  into  England,  and 
other  European  countries,  the  JMorriee 
dancers,  who  were  accustomed  to  perform 
various  feats  of  dancing.  From  the  same 
source  is  derived  the  name  of  Montmorency 
corrupted  from  De  Monte  Morisco,  "  of  or 
from  the  Moorish  Mountains,"  and  thence 
abbreviated  into  Moris.  (?)  [The  Le  Moreys 
of  H.R.  somewhat  favours  a  Moorish 
origin."! 

"  With  respect  to  the  second  class  of 
foreign  origin,  their  name  is  stated  to  be  a 
corrujition  from  Slars  or  Mavors,  the  god  of 
War.  This,  as  well  as  the  preceding  deri- 
vation, may  appertain  to  many  continental 
families,  but  it  is  in  Wales  that  it  most  in- 
dubitably applies  to  the  indigenous  families 
who  bear  the  name  of  Morris,  of  which  the 
following  derivation  is  given  by  a  very  emi- 
nent genealogist;  "Mars,  Mavors,  WalUce, 
'Mawr-rwyce,'and^l;/_/7Zice',  'Warlike,  pow- 
erful,' is  a  title  applied  to  such  of  the  ancient 
chieftains  as  were  pre-eminent  for  valour, 
whose  numerous  clescendants  account  for 
the  present  frequency  of  the  name  in  Wales. 
To  this,  one  of  the  mottoes  borne  by  the 
family  of  Morris  seems  to  have  reference  : 
Maiie  et  mari  faventibus.'''  Burke's  Com- 
moners, vol.  iv.  p.  488. 

To  these  observations,  which  are  in  the 
main  correct,  I  must  add,  that  the  personal 
name  Maurice  is  still  retained  as  a  surname, 
and  it  may  in  numerous  instances  be  the 
origin  of  Morris  and  similar  family  desig- 
nations. The  Eoman  church  honours  St. 
Maurice  on  the  21st  of  September. 

It  is  possible  also  that  in  some  cases  our 
English  Morris  may  be  a  corruption  of  the 
Fr.  Du  Marais,  Dumaresq.,  latinized  De 
Marisco,  and  meaning,  "of  the  marsh." 

MORRISS.     See  Morris. 

MORRISIT.     See  Morris. 

]\rORRISON.     MORRISSON.   The  son 

of  Maurice. 

LIOrvROW.       A   known   corruption    of 
Mac  Murrough. 

MORSE.    MORSS.     See  Morris. 


IMORSON.     A  contraction  of  Morison. 

JIORTIIMER.  This  name  was  latinized 
de  MoHvo  Mari,  and  hence  the  notion  that 
the  name  was  borrowed  in  crusading  times 
from  the  Dead  Sea  in  Palestine.  The  castle 
and  barony  of  Mortemer  lie  in  the  arron- 
dissement  of  Neufchatel  in  Normandy,  and 
of  course  remote  from  the  sea ;  but  it  appears 
that  the  expression  moHua  vmra*  was  some- 
times applied  to  stagnant  waters  by  the 
Normans,  and  at  Mortemer  there  was  a 
small  lake  so  designated.  The  patriarch  of 
this  family  in  England  was  Ralph  de  Mor- 
temer, who  came  in  at  the  Conquest,  and 
held  immense  possessions  in  many  counties, 
the  head  of  his  barouj'^  being  Wigmore 
Castle,  CO.  Hereford. 
*  Mara  is  the  low  Latin  for  a  me.ve,  or  shallow  lalce. 

MORTBIORE.     See  Mortimer. 
I\IORTLAKE.     A  parish  in  Surrey. 

MORTLOCK.  The  same  as  Mort- 
lake  1 

MORTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Derby,  Lincoln,  York,  Warwick,  Durham, 
Norfolk,  Hereford,  Northampton,  &c. 

iMORTRAM.    A  corruption  of  JSIottram. 

JNIORVILLE.  This  parish,  near  Valognes 
in  Normandy,  gave  its  name,  says  De  Ger- 
ville,  to  one  of  the  Conquerors  at  Hastings, 
106G,  whose  descendants  were  long  barons 
of  England,  Scotland,  and  Normandy. 
Blem.  Soc.  Antiq.  Norm.  1825. 

MORWARD.  A-Sax  mor,  a  moor,  and 
n-card — a  guardian.  A  keeper  of  a  nmor; 
analogous  to  Hayward.  Le  Morward.  H.R. 

MORYS.     See  I\Iorris. 

MOSBERY.  Perhaps  Mosborough,  a 
township  in  Derbyshire. 

MOSE.  MOASE.  1.  A  contraction  of 
Moses.  2.  A  tributary  of  the  Trent.  3. 
Moze,  a  parish  in  Kent.  In  H.R.  there  is  a 
LeMose,  denoting  some  quality,  nationalit}', 
or  occupation. 

MOSEDALE.  The  dale  or  valley  of  the 
Mose,  a  tributary  of  the  river  Trent  1 

MOSELEY.  Mosley,  places  in  cos.  Staf- 
ford, "Worcester,  and  Lancaster. 

IMOSES.  A  well-known  Jewish  sur- 
name. 

MOSEY.   A  '  nurse-name  '  of  Moses. 

MOSLEY.  ]\IOCELEY.  Mosley,  is 
the  name  of  chapelrics  in  cos.  Stafford, 
AVorcester,  and  Lancaster. 

]\IOSS  In  the  North  a  morass  or  bog,  as 
Chat  Moss,  CO.  Lancaster. 

The  "  moss-troopers  "  of  old  times  were 
so  called  because  they  inhabited  the  marshy 
country  of  Liddisdale.  .Jamieson.  In  re- 
cent times  man)^  Jewish  families  called 
IMoses  have  changed  that  appellation  to 
Moss. 

MOSSENDEW.  Fr.  Maison-Bieu,'- Kxx 
hospitall  or  Spittle  for  the  poor,"  Cotgrave. 


MOU 

Several  of  our  old  cities  and  towns  contain 
a  '  God's  House  '  or  '  ]\taison-Dicu.' 

"So  many  masendewes,  hospytals,  and  spyttle  bowses, 
As  your  grace  hath  done  yet  sens  the  worlde  began. 

Bale's  Kyncje  Johan. 

IMOSSMAN.  See  Moss,  and  the  termina- 
tion MAX. 

JMOSTYN.  Tlie  family  claim  descent 
from  the  patriai-chal  Tudor  Trevor,  who  is 
said  to  liave  been  Earl  of  Hereford  in  the 
X.  century.  In  the  reign  of  Henr}'  VIII. 
(wliose  aversion  to  the  old  patronymical 
surnames  of  the  "Welsh  is  well  known)  the 
head  of  the  family,  Thomas-ap-Eichard-ap- 
Howell,  &c.,  who  carried  a  long  pedigree  in 
his  legal  name,  at  the  advice  of  Rowland  Lee, 
bishop  of  Lichfield,  and  lord-president  of 
Wales,  adopted  the  local  surname  of  Moston 
or  Mostyn,  from  the  chief  scat  of  the  family 
in  Flintshire.  The  good  bisliop  is  said  to 
have  asked  him,  why  he  could  not  content 
himself  "  with  one  name — like  a  Chris- 
tian T 

IMOTE.     See  Moat. 

IMOTLEY.  A  parti-coloured  dress  pro- 
bably originated  this  name.  Domestic 
fools  and  jesters  formerly  wore  it.  It  may 
however  be  local. 

]\rOTTE.  MOTT.  Several  localities  in 
Normandy  bear  the  name  of  La  Jlottc,  sig- 
nifying a  mound  or  hillock.  La  Motte  and 
Delamotte  have  become  naturalized  in 
England. 

MOTTRAM.  A  parish  and  a  township 
in  CO.  Chester. 

MOUATT.     See  :Mowatt. 

]\IOUBRAY.     See  J\Iowbray. 

MOUL.     MOULE.     See  I^Ionld. 

MOULD.  MOLD.  l.  Like  Maude,  a 
corruption  of  Montalt.     See  Montalt. 

]\IOULDER.  A  maker  of  moulds  for 
casting  metals. 

MOULSON.     The  son  of  [Moll  or  Mary. 

]\IOULTRIE.  A  small  river  in  Fifeshu-e, 
now  called  the  Blotray. 

MOUNSEY.  A  corruption  ofMonceux. 
The  parish  of  Herstmonceux,  co.  Sussex,  is 
in  rustic  parlance  Herst,  or  rather  Hors- 
Mounseys. 

MOUNT.  See  l^Iountain.  Many  slightly 
elevated  spots  in  tlie  South  of  England  are 
known  as  "  The  Mount." 

MOUNT  AGUE.  The  same  as  Mon- 
tague. 

MOUNTAIN.  1.  From  residence  near 
one.  In  H.R.  Supra  I\Iontem.  2.  Monsieur 
de  Montaigne,  probabl}'  grandson,  and  cer- 
tainlj'  heir  to  the  estates,  of  Michael  de 
Montaigne,  the  great  French  essayist, 
escaped  from  France  at  the  Rev.  of  the 
Edict  of  Nantes,  and  settled  in  Norfolk. 
Jacob  his  son  and  successor  anglicized  the 
name  to  its  present  form. 

MOUNTCASTLE.  A  locality  in  Scot- 
land which  I  cannot  identify. 


231  M  0  Y 


MOUNTJOY.  Fr.  Mont-joie,  which 
Cotgrave  defines  a.s  "  a  barrow,  a  little  hill, 
or  heape  of  stones,  laved  in  or  neare  a  high- 
way for  the  better  discerning  thereof,  or  in 
remembrance  of  some  notable  act  performed, 
or  accident  befallen  in  that  place  ;  also  a 
goale  to  run  at ;  also  (metaphorically)  any 
heap."  A  famous  French  war-cry  in  the 
middle  ages  was  ''  Mont-joie  St.  Denis!" 
and  Montjoye  is  the  title  of  the  chief  herald 
of  France,  corresponding  to  our  Garter, 
Both  the  M-ar-cry  and  the  heraldic  title 
doubtless  refer  to  some  victory  which  was 
commemorated  by  the  casting  up  of  a 
mound  of  earth  or  a  great  heap  of  stones — 
a  practice  of  the  higjiest  antiquity.  A  dis- 
trict of  the  parish  of  Battel,  the  scene  of  the 
Norman  Conquest,  is  still  known  by  the 
name  of  I\Iountjoy.  According  to  Sir  John 
Maundeville  an  emmence  near  Jerusalem 
was  formerly  so  called,  because  "  itgevethe 
joy  to  pilgrymes  hertes,  because  that  there 
men  seen  first  Jerusalem  ...  a  full  fair 
place  and  a  delicyous."  In  charters  the 
name  was  written  indifferently  De  Monte 
Gaudii,  and  De  Monte  Jovis. 

MOUSLEY.     Mowsley,  a  parish  in   co. 

Leicestei'. 

JMOUTII.  From  residence  near  the 
mouth  or  outlet  of  a  river. 

MOUTRIE.     See  Moultrie. 

MOW.     Of  that  Ilk,  now  called  Moll,  in 

Roxburghshire. 

MOW  ATT.  A  Scottish  corruption  of 
the  old  baronial  Montalt,  or  De  Monte  Alto. 

jMOWBRAY.  The  ancient  barony  of 
Mowbray,  called  by  Odericus  Vitalis  Mol- 
hvaluDi,  was  identical  with  the  village  of 
Monbrai,  in  the  canton  of  Perci,  an  ar- 
rondissement  of  St.  Lo  in  Normandy. 
Robert  de  M.  was  Earl  of  Northumberland, 
but  his  estates  passing  to  his  cousin  Nigel 
de  Albini,  iha  latter's  son  Roger,  at  the  com- 
mand of  Henry  I.,  assumed  tlie  surname  of 
Mowbray,  and  affixed  it  as  a  name  of  dis- 
tinction to  one  of  his  English  fiefs — now 
j\Ieltou -Mowbray,  co.  Leicester. 

MOWER.  The  occupation.  An  Anglo- 
Saxon,  soon  after  the  Norman  Conquest,  ac- 
quired tlris  name  (Leofric  the  Mower)  from 
his  having  o^^ercome  twenty  men  with  a 
scythe.     Wright's  Essaj's. 

MOXON.  Moggie  is  a  '  nurse-name '  of 
JIargaret.  Moggie's  son,  would  by  crasis 
become  IMoxon.    See  Gerison. 

MOYCE.  MO  YES.  MOIST.  A  pro- 
bable corruption  of  Moses,  formerly  written 
Moyses.  A  Moyses  is  found  in  the  Domesd. 
of  Somerset. 

MOYLE.  Not  from  mule,  as  the  family 
api^ear  to  have  imagined  when  they  as- 
sumed for  arms,  '  Gules,  a  movie  or  mule 
passant  Argent ;'  but  from  a  jjlace  in  or  con- 
tiguous to  the  parish  of  St.  Minvor,  co. 
Cornwall.     D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall,  ii.  67. 

iMOYSEY.      Probably  Moses,  anciently 

written  Moyses. 


MUL 


232 


MOZLEY.     See  Mosley. 

MUCH.     Scot.     Big  of  stature. 

MUCHMORE.  'Much,'  great,  and 
'more,'  moor;  the  great  moor — the  name  of 
some  locality. 

MUCKLE.  A-Sax.  mucel,  j>reat,  big.  A 
very  ancient  name.  An  eminent  Anglo- 
Saxon  nobleman,whosel)aptismalname  was 
^thelred,  bore  the  additional  designation 
of  Mucel,  and  used  the  latter  in  legal  docu- 
ments, thus:  "Ego  Mucel,  dux,  cousensi." 
See  KemJile  on  the  Surnames,  &c.,  of  the 
A- Saxons.  Mitc/icll  is  the  more  ordinary 
form  of  the  name  in  modern  times. 

MUCKLESTON.  A  parish  in  Shroji- 
shire. 

MUDD.     The  same  as  Mode. 

MUDDOCK.    A  corruption  of  the  Welsh 

name  iladoc. 

MUDIE.  3fudy  is  an  old  Scotticism, 
employed  by  the  poet  Barbour,  for  bold  or 
courageous. 

MUFFITT.     See  Moffat. 

MUGGRIDGE.  Evidently  local,  and 
pj'obably  from  the  A-Sax.  viueel,  great,  and 
Jiricg,  a  ridge:  "the  great  ridge."  It  is 
varied  in  orthography  to  Moggridge,  jMock- 
ridge,  Mockeridge,  Muggeridge,  &c.  A 
small  trader  in  Sussex  writes  Mugrklge 
over  his  door,  and  announces  Mugr/crar/e's 
ginger-beer  in  his  window. 

MUIR.  The  Scottish  form  of  JMoor.  It 
occurs  in  composition  with  several  sur- 
names. 

MULCASTER.  This  ancient  family 
derive  their  name  from  the  parish  of  iful- 
caster,  now  corruptly  written  Muucaster,  in 
Cumberland.  "  All  the  iMulcasters  are  des- 
cended from  one  David  de  Mulcaster,  the 
son  of  Benedict  Pennington,  who  lived  in 
king  John's  time."  It  seems  that  the 
family  of  Pennington,  who  derived  their 
name  from  the  place  so  called  in  Lanca- 
shire, were  possessors  of  Mulcaster  from 
the  earliest  times,  and  that  the  surname  of 
De  Mulcaster  was  first  assumed  as  fiere 
stated.  See  Hutchinson's  Cumberland,  i. 
5G5.  B.L.G.  however  mentions  a  Eichard 
de  M.  as  warder  of  the  castle  of  Carlisle 
temp.  William  Kufus. 

MULE.  The  animal ;  from  stubbornness 
of  disposition. 

MULHOLLAND.      The  Irish  Mulhol- 
lauds  (formerly  3Iulhollan)  are  a  branch  of 
the  ancient  sept  of  Maclallan  in  Argyleshire 
B.L.G. 

MULL.  A  topographical  expression,  as 
the  midl  of  Cantire.  In  other  cases  it  may 
mean  mulne,  0.  E.  for  mill.  In  Lancashire 
it  is  an  abbreviated  form  of  Molineux. 
"  Our  clergyman  prayed  at  churcli  for  JIary 
Mull  some  time  ere  he  found  out  that  she 
Avas  a  ]\Iolineux.  He  may  well  be  said  to 
have  "  made  a  mvll  of  it !"  From  a  Lanca- 
shire correspondent. 


MUN 

MULLENAX.    A  corruption  of  I\Ioli- 

neux. 

MULLENER.     A  vulgar  corruption  of 

Molineux. 

]\IULLER.  Germ.  A  miller.  Naturalized 
from  Germany. 

IMULLETT.  A  mullet  is  a  fish  ;  also  a 
star-like  charge  of  the  heraldric  shield ;  also 
a  S])ur ;  but  it  is  difficult  to  say  how  either 
of  these  things  can  have  given  rise  to  a 
surname. 

MULLIN.     See  Mullins. 

MULLINS.  Moulins,  a  place  in  the  de- 
partment of  Orne,  in  Normandy.  See 
Molines. 

MULLIS.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Mullins,  like  Collis  from  Collins. 

MULLNICKS.  A  barbarous  corruption 
of  Molineux. 

MULLOY.     O'MULLOY.     An  ancient 

race,  in  whom  vests  hereditarily  the  honour 
of  Standard-bearer  to  the  King  in  Ireland 
— an  honour  confirmed  so  lately  as  the  year 
1634.  The  pi-esent  head  of  the  family  is 
said  to  ho.  descended  through  more  than 
forty  generations  from  O'Niall  of  the  Nine 
Hostages,  King  of  Ireland  in  the  fourth 
century.     B.L.G. 

JMULNE.     a  provincialism  for  Mill. 

MULTON.  The  founder  of  this  fnnily 
resided  temp.  Henry  I.  at  Multon,  co.  Lin- 
coln, and  from  (hence  derived  his  name. 
From  him  sprang  the  two  baronial  houses 
of  this  title. 

MUMBY.     A  parish  in  Lincolnshire. 

J^.rUiMFORD.  ]\Iuudford,  a  parish  in 
Norfolk. 

]\IUM?,IERY.  1.  A  probable  corruption 
of  Montmerry,  a  village  in  the  department 
of  Orue,  in  Normandy.  2.  It  may,  how- 
ever, be  the  same  as  the  baronial  name 
Mowbray,  which,  originally  Monbrai,  be- 
came in  the  early  centuries  after  the  Con- 
quest I\Iunbray,  Mumbray,  Mombray,  &c. 

MUNCASTER.  A  chapelry  in  Cum- 
berland.    See  Mulcaster. 

MUNCEY.  The  same  as  ]\Ionceux— 
an  ancient  corruption.     Muncy.     H.It. 

MUNCKTON.     The  same  as  Monkton. 

I\IUNDAY.     From  the  day  of  the  week. 

See  Times  and  Seasons. 

MUNDEN.     Parishes  in  co.  Hertford. 
MUNDIE.     SeeMimdy. 

M  UND  Y.     Probably  from  the  day  of  the 

Aveek.  Tlie  JVIundys  of  Marheaton,  co. 
Derby,  who  trace  their  pedigree  to  temp. 
Edward  I.,  have  a  tradition  of  Norman 
descent,  from  a  place  called  the  abbey  of 
Monda\-e.  The  Itin.  de  la  Normandie, 
however,  shews  no  place  so  designated. 

]\iUNGEY.    A  vile  corruption  of  IMount- 
joy.     Munjay,  I\Iunjoie.     H.E. 


MUS 


233 


M  Y  D 


MUNN".  MUNNS.  An  abbreviiition  or 
nurse-name  of  Edmund.  Camden.  But 
more  i)robabl)'  a  corruption  of  the  Norman 
Mohuu.  A  correspondent  observes  that 
"  the  name  is  quite  common  in  Kent,  and 
it  has  only  of  late  years  spread  into  otlier 
counties.  I  have  now  proi^erty  that  went 
by  the  name  of  Muun's  three  hundred  years 
ago." 

MUNT.  Possibly  a  corruption  of  the 
Fr.  Bit.  Jlont,  i.e.  "  of  the  hill." 

MUKDOCI-I.  Kobert  FIl'  IMurdac,  and 
'  one  Meurdoch  '  occur  in  Domesday. 

MURE.  1.  The  northern  form  of  Moor. 
2.  Gael,  viohr  or  more.  Large  in  person. 
The  family  of  Mure  of  Caldwell  in  Ayrshire 
trace  to  the  reign  of  King  David  II.,  1329. 
The  name  has  been  ^'aried  to  Blore,  JIuir, 
Moor,  (fee,  and  there  are  hei'aldric  reasons 
for  believing  the  Moores  of  Kent  and  those 
of  Ireland  to  have  had  a  common  origin. 

MURPHY.  A  common  Irish  personal 
name. 

MURRAY.  The  founder  of  the  clan  of 
Sutherland  settled  in  the  XII.  cent,  in  the 
province  of  ilurref,  Moray,  or  Moravia, 
comprehending  the  modern  counties  of 
Murray  or  Elgin,  and  parts  of  Inverness  and 

■  Banff,  whence  the  family  for  several  genera- 
tions assumed  the  name  of  Murref  or  Be 
Moravia,  which  they  retained  even  after 
their  occupation  of  Sudrland  or  Sutherland, 
and  their  elevation  to  that  earldom.  Ry- 
mer's  Foadera,  v.  554. 20.  March,  13C.7.  They 
subsequently  assumed  the  name  of  Suther- 
land. The  people  did  the  same ;  and  the 
names  of  Slurray  and  Sutherland  still  dis- 
tinguish the  bulk  of  the  population  near 
Dunrobin,  although  to  a  stranger  this  would 
scarcely  appear  obvious,  through  their 
sobriquets,  Bain,  white ;  Gow,  smith ;  Boy, 
red,  Sic. 

MURRELL.  The  same  as  Morell,  which 

see. 

MURTON.  Townships  in  cos.  Cimiber- 
land,  AVestmoreland,  Northumberland,  and 
York. 

MUS.  It  is  curious  that  though  Mouse 
does  not  appear  to  be  an  English  surname, 
its  Latin  form,  Mus,  is  so. 

MUSARD.  Ilascoit     or     Ilasculfus 

Musard  was  a  great  Domesd.  tenant  in  chief 
in  the  sliires  of  Gloucester,  Berks,  Warwick, 
Derby,  &c.  His  principal  seat  was  Musarden 
CO.  Gloucester.  Qu  :  was  that  place  named 
after  its  proprietor,  as  Hardres  in  Kent  and 
one  or  t^vo  other  places  have  been  1  Cot- 
grave  defines  the  word  Musard  thus :  "  a 
inuser,  di'camer,  or  dreamy  fellow  ;  one 
"whom  a  little  thing  amuses,  one  that  stands 
gazing  at  everything ;  also  a  pauser,  lingerer, 
deferrer,  delayer ;  one  that's  long  about  a 
businesse;  a  man  of  no  dispatch." 

MUSGRAVE.  There  is  much  fabulous 
tradition  respecting  the  origin  of  this  an- 
cient family,  as,  that  they  came  from  Ger- 
many, where  their  ancestors  \vere  muRr/ raves 
or  lords-marchers — that  one  of  them  won 
2  H 


the  daughter  of  an  Emperor  QwIticJi,  or  7vhe)i, 
is  not  specified)  in  the  game  of  running  at 
the  ring,  whence  the  annulets  in  the  ]\Ius- 
grave  shield — that  the  family  came  hither 
at  the  Norman  Conquest — aud  that  they 
were  ?«os.s-gi-aves  or  guardians  of  the  mosses 
on  the  English  border.  The  truth  is,  that 
the  family  originated  at  Musgrave  in  West- 
moreland, where  the  name  is  found  so  early 
as  the  reign  of  King  John,  about  the  year 
1204.  A  descendant  acquired  Edenhall  ia 
Cumberland,  by  marriage  with  a  co-heiress 
of  Stapleton  in  the  XV.  cent.  See  Shirley's 
Noble  aud  Gentle  Men. 

This  fine  old  border  race,  from  whom 
have  sprung  a  barony,  and  three  lines  of 
baronets,  possess  a  curious  family  relic 
called  the  Luch  of  Edenhall,  a  painted 
drinking-glass,  which  was  acquired  in  a  sin- 
gular manner.  "  In  the  garden  near  the 
house  [at  Edenhall]  is  a  well  of  excellent 
sirring  water,  called  St.  Cuthbert's  Well. 
The  glass  is  supposed  to  have  been  a  sacred 
chalice;  but  the  legendary  tale  is,  that  the 
butler,  going  to  draw  water,  surprised  a 
company  of  fairies  who  were  amusing  them- 
selves upon  the  green  near  the  well :  he 
seized  the  glass  which  was  standing  upon 
its  margin;  they  tried  to  recover  it;  but 
after  an  ineffectual  struggle  flew  away, 
saying — 

'  If  that  glass  either  break  or  fall, 
Farewell  the  luck  of  Edenhall.' 
It  is  preserved  with  great  care."     Hutch- 
inson's Cumberland,  i.  2G9. 

MUSGROVE.      The  same  as  Musgrave. 

MUSKETT.  The  male  sparrow-hawk. 
Analogous  to  Kite,  Hawk,  Falcon,  &c. 

jNIUSSELWHITE.  a  corruption  of 
Musselthwaite.     Local :  see  Thwaite. 

MUSSENDEN.  ]\Iissenden,  co.  Buck- 
ingham, was  anciently  so  written.  5'he 
family  claim  a  Norman  origin. 

MUSSON.  Muston,  a  parish  in  York- 
shire. 

MUSTARD.  Probably  an  abbreviation 
of  Mustardmaker. 

MUSTARDMAKER.    A  North  of  Eng- 
land surname,  which  reminds  us  of  '  Bur-  • 
ham  mustard.'     In  H.R.  the  name  is  Le 
Slu&tarder  aud  Mustardman. 

MUSTERS.         Perhaps    the     same    as 

Masters. 
IMUSTON".     Parishes  in   cos.  Leicester 

and  York. 

MUTRIE,     See  Moultrie. 

MUTTER.  "  May  perhaps  be  the  same 
as  the  0.  Germ.  Muathari."     Ferguson. 

MUTTON.  See  Mytton.  A  family  of 
this  name  are  said  to  have  possessed  lauds 
at  Rusper,  co.  Sussex,  almost  from  the  time 
of  the  Conquest. 

IMYALL.     See  Miall. 

IMYCOCK.     A  diminutive  of  Michael. 

I\IYDDLETON.     See  Middlotou. 

MYDWYF.     A  midwife. 


NAN 


234 


NAP 


MYERS.     See  Meyer,  Meyers. 

MYLNE.     See  Milne. 

MYNORS.  The  name  is  traceable  to 
temp.  Edward  II.  at  Trcago,  co.  Hereford, 
the  i^resent  residence  of  the  family.  There 
is  a  tradition  of  the  patriarch  of  the  race 
having  come  from  Normandy  with  the 
Conqueror,  and  Myuors  occurs  in  one  of 
the  lists  called  the  Battel  Abhey  Eoll. 
B.L.G. 

MYRTLE.       A    corruption    of  Martel 


(q.v.)  or  of  Murtle,  an  ancient  barony  in 
Aberdeenshire. 

MYTTON.  The  family  of  M.  of  Halston 
can  boast  of  having  represented  Shrewsbury 
in  Parliament  twice,  thrice,  or  four  times, 
every  century,  from  the  XIV.  to  the  XIX. 
They  originally  wrote  themselves  De  Mut- 
ton. Nimrod's  Memoirs  of  John  Mytton, 
Esq.  Mytton  is  in  the  N.R.  of  co.  York, 
and  there  are  Mittons  in  the  counties  of 
Lancaster,  Stafford,  and  Worcester.  Most 
of  the  existing  gentry  families  of  this  name 
appear  to  have  sprung  from  Shropshire. 


H. 


NaGLE.  The  same  as  Naugle.   B.L.G. 
NAIL.     See  Nale. 

NAILER.  A  maker  of  nails.  The  word 
is  still  in  use  in  the  iron  districts.  Halli- 
well  defines  it  as  a  seller  of  nails. 

NAIRN.  NAIRNE.  A  town  in  Scotland, 
capital  of  Nairnshire. 

NAISH.  See  Nash.  The  Naisbes  of 
BallycuUen,  co.  Limerick,  have  been  seated 
there  uninterruptedly  from  the  time  of  king 
John,  1210.     B.L.G. 

NALDER.  NALDERS.  Qy.:  Atten- 
Alder— "atthe  alder  tree."  See  Noakes, 
Nash,  &c. 

NALE.    Atten-Ale,  i.e.  "at  the  Alehouse." 

The  tendency  of  the  final  N  of  the  old  pre- 
position to  adhere  to  the  noun,  is  shown 
under  Noakes,  &c.  N'ale,  in  the  sense  of 
alehouse,  is  used  by  Chaucer. 

K^  NAM  and  NUM.  Common  termina- 
tions, especially  in  America,  as  ~\Vor- 
num,  Barnum,  Cleuuam,  Putnam,  Var- 
num,  Hannum — coiiaiptious  of  local 
names  in  -ham  when  an  N  precedes  that 
desinence. 

NAN.  In  the  Celtic  of  Cornwall, 
Nan  signifies  a  valley,  and  is  found  in 
composition  with  many  local  names 
which  have  become  surnames  in  that 
peninsula,  as  Nancothan,  Nancarrow, 
Nance,  Nanfan,  Nankivell,  Nausperian, 
Nanphant,  Nanscorus,  Nanscuke,  Nans- 
ladron,  Nanstalon,  Nants,  Nauscowan, 
Nangarthiau,  Naukevil,  Nanscawen. 

NANCARROAV.      Two   estates   of  this 
name,  one  in  St.  Michael  Penkevil,   and 


the  other  in  St.  Allen,  co.  Cornwall,  for- 
merly belonged  to  the  familv  of  Nancarrow. 
C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

NANCE.  An  estate  in  the  parish  of 
Illogan.  CO  Cornwall,  which  was,  not  many 
generations  since,  in  the  possession  of  the 
family. 

NANFAN.  A  Cornish  flimily  of  some 
distinction,  which  produced,  among  other 
worthies,  John  Nanfan,  Esq.,  the  first 
patron  of  Cardinal  Wolsey,  who  had  been 
his  chaplain.  Tlie  name  is  evidently  local 
(See  Nan)  prolxibly  from  Nanfan  in  the 
parish  of  Cury. 

NANGLE.  The  A..  Norm,  fimily  of  De 
Angulo,  or  In  Angulo  (whence  pei'haps  the 
English  Corner),  took  their  name  from 
their  barony  of  Angle,  situated  in  a  nook 
or  angle,  close  to  Milford  Haven,  and  their 
residence  there  was  called  Nangle's  Castle. 
Gilbert  de  Angulo,  Avho  accompanied 
Strongbow  to  the  Conquest  of  Ireland  in 
1172,  was  the  progenitor  of  the  Irish  Nau- 
gles. 

NANNY.  I  have  been  informed  that 
this  name  is  derived  from  Nannaw,  in 
AVales,  the  original  residence  of  the  famil}\ 

NAPER.  Napcry  is  table  linen,  includ- 
ing the  '  nappe  '  or  napkin  used  in  washing 
the  hands,  either  before  or  after  meals.  In 
great  establishments  the  Najner  or  Naper 
handed  these  napkins  to  the  guests.  One 
partof  his  duty,  in  the  royal  household,  was, 
to  hand  over  to  the  Idng's  almoner  the  out- 
worn linen  of  the  sovereign's  table  for  dis- 
tribution to  the  poor.  Ducange.  Ediub. 
Eev.  April,  1855. 


NAT 


235 


NES 


NAPIER.  An  officer  in  the  king's  bouse- 
liold — the  same  as  Naper,  which  see,  A 
Scottish  legeud,  however,  assigns  a  widely 
different  origin.  In  a  great  battle  between 
the  Scots  and  some  eaemj'^,  whose  nation  is 
not  specified,  the  former  were  on  the  point  of 
losing  the  day,  when  one  Donald,  sou  of  the 
then  Earl  of  Lennox,  seized  a  standard,  and 
rallied  the  retreating  soldiers.  This  act  of 
prowess  changed  the  positions  of  the  com- 
batants, and  resulted  in  the  complete 
triumph  of  the  Scots.  The  king  on  hearing 
of  Donald's  bravery,  declared  that  he  had 
Na  pier — 710  equal;  commanded  him  to 
assume  those  words  as  a  surname  ;  and  gave 
him  lands  in  Fife,  and  the  lands  of  Gof- 
furdor  Goosford.  This  'mighty  pretty  story,' 
though  evidently  invented  to  explain  the 
name,  was  certified  to  the  heralds  under  the 
hand  and  seal  of  Sir  Archibald  Napier  of 
Merchistoun,  in  1 625.  It  is  proper,  however, 
to  remark,  that  the  Napiers  sprang  from  the 
house  of  Lennox,  and  that  their  early  mem- 
bers wrote  themselves  Lenox  alias  Napier; 
and  it  is  no  derogation  of  the  dignity  of  this 
illustrious  family  to  suppose  that  an  earl's 
son,  their  ancestor,  should  have  held  the 
ofHce  of  Napier  in  the  royal  household. 

ISTAPPER.  Another  form  of  ISTaper, 
which  see.     Le  Naper,  Le  Nappere.     H.E, 

NAEBROAV.  Narborougb,  parishes  in 
cos.  Leicester  and  Norfolk. 

NARRAWAY.  Local:  "at  the  narrow 
waj'." 

NASH.  See  prefix.  Atle  or  Atten.  A 
man  dwelling  by  an  ash-tree  would  be 
called  Aten  Ash  or  Atten  Ash.  See  H.R. 
Ate  Nasse,  x\d  Nasse.  On  the  suppression 
of  the  prefix,  the  N  still  adhered  to  the  de- 
signation of  the  tree,  and  the  name  became 
Nash.  By  the  same  process  we  got  Noakes, 
Nye,  &c.  It  must  not  be  forgotten,  how- 
ever, that  there  are  localities  called  Nash,  in 
cos.  Salop,  Bucks,  Monmouth,  &c.  Yet 
some  of  these  were  originally  called  Ash. 
The  vill  of  Esse  or  Ash,  co.  Oxford,  was 
corrupted  to  Nashe,  temp.  E,ichard  II. 
Dunkin's  Oxfordshire  i.  177. 

NASMYTH.  A  nail-smith  or  nail- 
maker, 

NASSAU.  William  Henry,  sou  of  Fred- 
erick de  Nassau,  natural  son  of  Henry  Fred- 
erick de  Nassau,  Prince  of  Orange,  grand- 
father of  King  William  III.,  accompanied 
the  last-named  personage  to  England  in 
1688,  and  was  afterwards  advanced  to  the 
peerage,  as  Earl  of  Eochford.  Another 
Henry  de  Nassau  also  accompanied  William 
III.,  and  his  son  was  created  Earl  of  Grant- 
ham. 

NAT,     The  nickname  of  Nathaniel.' 

NATHAN.  A  very  common  family  name 
with  the  Jews,  to  whom  it  is  principally 
restricted. 

NATHANIEL.     The  baptismal  name, 

NATKINS,     A  diminutive  of  Nathaniel. 

NATLAND,  A  cbapelry  in  Westmore- 
land. 


NATT,     See  Nat, 

NAYLOR,     The  same  as  Nailer, 

NBALE,  NEAL,  The  Norman  per- 
sonal name  Nigel  was  sometimes  softened 
to  this  form,  and  some  of  our  Neales  may 
be  of  Norman  blood ;  but  I  conceive  that 
most  of  the  families  of  the  name  have 
sprung  from  the  O'Neills  of  Ireland. 

NEAIME,     O,  Engr.  neme.  Uncle, 

NEATE,  1,  A-Sax,  neat,  Cattle,  or  a 
beast.  2.  The  Anglo-Saxon  personal  name, 
rendered  illustrious  by  St,  Neot, 


NEAVE.      NEAVES. 


i  orm. 


-Fr,  Le 


Neve,i\ie  nepliew;  also  spendthrift,  like  the 
Lat.  nepos.  See  Le  Neve,  which  is  a  very 
common  H.R,  name, 

NECK,  Probably  a  topographical  term, 
meaning  an  isthmus, 

NEEDHAM,  1,  A  market-town  In 
Suftblk,  and  a  parish  in  Norfolk,  2,  Earl 
Kilmorey's  family  took  their  name  from 
Needham,  co.  Derby,  where  they  resided 
temp,  Edw,  III.,  and  probably  much 
eai'lier, 

NEEDLE,  A  trader's  sign — appropriate 
to  a  tailor. 

"Aim!  Jloses  merchant-tailor  at  the  Xeedle." 

Pasquin's  Niahl  Cap,  1612, 

NEEDLER,  A  needle  maker,  Le  Ned- 
lere,  H.R,  "  Hugh  the  Nedlere,"  Piers 
Plowman, 

NEELE,  See  Neale.  Neel  is  unprefixed 
in  H.R. 

NEEVES.     See  Neave, 

NEGRIS,  "An  Ionian  named  Negris, 
on  becoming  resident  amongst  us,  anglicised 
his  name  to  Black,  and  has  left  descend- 
ants who  occupy  a  respectable  position  in 
society,  without  anything  but  their  dark 
hair  to  indicate  their  close  connection  with 
the  Veneto-Hellenic  stock,"  Folks  of 
Shields, 

NEGUS.  A  probable  corruption  of  some 
local  name  ending- in  Imise.  According  to 
Malone,  the  mixture  bearing  this  name 
was  invented  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne, 
by  Colonel  Negus.     Richardson. 

NEIGHBOUR.  The  social  relation. 
The  French  have  their  Yoisins,  and  the 
Gei'mans  their  Nieburlis. 

NEIL.     NEILL.    See  O'Neill. 

NEILSON,     The  son  of  Neil,  which  see. 

NELME.  NELMES,  From  Atten- 
Elme.  "  At  the  Elm-tree."  See  Noakes, 
Nash,  ka. 

NELSON.  The  son  of  Nigel,  A  Nor- 
man personal  name. 

NELTHORPE,  The  baronet's  family 
is  traced  to  Kent  in  the  XYI.  cent.  The 
name  may  be  a  corruption  of  Neithorpe,  a 
parish  in  co.  Oxford, 

NESBIT.  NESBITT,  Two  townships 
in  Northumberland,  and  another  in  Dur- 
ham, are  so  called,  but  the  lauds  which 


NEV 


236 


N  EW 


gave  name  to  the  Scotch  and  Irish  Nesbitts 
are  in  Berwickshire.     B.L.G. 

t^°  NESS.  A-Sax.  and  Danish,  ness, 
Germ,  nase,  a  nose ;  also  a  promontory, 
as  Dengeness  in  Kent,  and  tlie  Naze  in 
Norway.  This  occurs  as  a  termination 
in  several  names,  as  Longness,  Thick- 
ness, Filtness,  which  may  refer  to  some 
peculiarity  in  the  noses  of  the  original 
hearers.  More  probably,  however,  they 
are  local. 

^i°  NETHER.  An  old  English  word  im- 
plying '  lower '  or  '  under,'  descriptive  of 
many  localities,  and  forming  part  of 
several  surnames,  as  Nethercliffe,  Nether- 
sole,  Nethershall. 

EETHERCOTE.  A  hamlet  in  co.  North- 
ampton. 

NETHERMILL.       Several     places     in 
Scotland  are  so  called — "  the  lower  mill." 


NETIiERWOOD. 

wood." 


Local :  "  the  lower 


NETTLE.  The  O.  Germ.  clmcUili  is  re- 
ferred by  Forstemann  to  the  0.  Germ. 
hncJit,  knight  or  child.  Ferguson.  See 
Knight. 

K^  NETTLE.  A-Sax.  we;'^^,  a  nettle.  The 
growth  of  this  weed  has  given  names  to 
many  places.  See  Gazetteer.  I  cannot 
identify  the  localities  from  -which  ai-e 
derived  the  surnames  Nettlefleld,  Nettle- 
fold,  and  Nettleship. 

NETTLES.     See  Nettle. 

NETTLETON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Lin- 
coln and  AVilts. 

NEVE.     See  Neave. 

NEVELL.     See  Neville. 

NEVETT.  NEVATT.  The  same  as 
Kuj'A^ett. 

NEVILLE.  NEVEI;L.  In  Latin,  Be 
Nova  Villa,  anglice,  '  New-town.'  There 
are  two  Nevilles,  and  at  least  eighteen  Neu- 
villes  in  Normandy,  but  from  which  of 
those  localities  tliis  illustrious  surname  is 
derived  there  is  no  proof;  and  indeed  the 
eai'ly  genealogy  of  the  family  is  obscure. 
Dugdale,  upon  the  authority  of  certain 
genealogists,  asserts  that  the  patriarch  of 
the  race  in  England  was  Gilbert  de  Neville, 
Admiral  to  the  Conqueror,  but  there  is,  as 
the  historian  of  the  family  remarks,  no 
mention  of  him  in  Domesday.  Rowland, 
Family  of  Nevill,  p.  6.  The  great  grand- 
daughter of  this  Admiral,  Isabel  Neville, 
married  one  Robert  Fitz-Maldred,  who  ac- 
cording to  Roger  Hoveden,  was  the  lineal 
heir-male  of  Uchtred,  Earl  of  Northumljer- 
laud,  in  the  days  of  Edmund  Ironside,  and 
a  descendant  in  the  female  line  from  King 
Ethelred.  The  representative  of  the  Nor- 
thumbrian earls,Gospatrick,was  established 
in  his  earldom  jjy  ihe  Conqueror,  but  was 
afterwards  compelled  by  Norman  tyranny 
to  fly  into  Scotland,  where  he  became  an- 
cestor of  the  Earls  of  Dunbar,  and  eventu- 
ally   of   the    Nevilles    of   Raby.       "  The 


Nevilles  are  thus  a  Saxon  race  with  a  Nor- 
man name."    Quarterly  Rev.  vol.  ciii.  p.  32. 

NEVIN.       NEVINS.       NEVINSON. 

This  series  points  to  an  early  but  forgotten 
personal  name. 

NEW.     NEWE.     Norm.-Fr.  A  nephew. 

NEWALL.  NEWELL.  Probably 
Newhall,  places  in  cos.  Chester,  York, 
Edinburgh,  Forfar,  Kincardine,  Ross, 
&c.,  &c. 

NEWARK.  A  town  in  co.  Notts,  and 
places  in  the  shires  of  Renfrew  and  Ajt. 

NEWBALD.     A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

NEWBEGIN.     See  Newbiggin. 

NEWBERY.  NEWBERRY.  Corrup- 
tions of  Newbury. 

NEWBIGGIN.  NEWBIGGING.  Rig- 
ging, a  word  still  in  use  in  Scotl.  and  the 
N.  of  Engl.,  signifies  a  building — a  house, 
as  opposed  to  a  cottage.  Isl.  hlf/ging, 
structura.  Jamieson.  Hence  the  phrase 
'  new  biggin  '  was  and  is  applied  to  any 
considerable  edifice  recently  constructed. 
In  England  nine,  and  in  Scotland  ten 
localities,  are  specifically  so  named. 

NE'WBOLD.  ].  A  name  common  to 
several  places  in  cos.  Derby,  Leicester,  Wor- 
cester, Cheshire,  Warwick,  &c.  A-Sax. 
"  the  new  habitation."  2.  Nuboldus,  a 
baptismal  name,  occurs  in  the  Domesday  of 
Wiltshire. 

NEWBON.     See  Newburn. 

NEWBORN.  A  corruption  of  New- 
burn. 

NEWBURGH.  According  to  Dugdale, 
the  founder  of  this  fomily  was  Henry  de 
Ncwburgh,  so  called  from  the  castle  of  that 
name  in  Normandy,  a  younger  son  of  Roger 
de  Bellonionte,  Earl  of  Mellent.  He  came 
in  with  the  Conqueror,  and  was  created  Earl 
of  AVarwick.  Neubourg,  the  place  probably 
alluded  to  by  Dugdale,  is  near  Louviers. 

NEAVBURN.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Northumb.,Fife,  and  Suffolk.  (Newbouru). 

NEWBURY.     A  town  in  Berkshire. 

NEWBY.  "  The  new  habitation."  Five 
or  six  places  in  Yorkshire,  and  others  in 
Cumberland  and  Westmoreland,  are  so 
called. 

NEWCASTLE.  Besides  the  great  town 
of  Newcastlc-on-Tyne,  and  the  town  of 
Newcastle-under-Lyme,  there  are  various 
parishes,  &c.,  so  called  in  cos.  Glamorgan, 
Radnor,  Salop,  Carmarthen,  Pembroke, 
&c. 

NEWCOMBE.     See  Ncwcome, 

NE'WCOME.  Neiccomes  is  defined  by 
Halliwell,  from  Holinshed's  Conq.  of  Ire- 
land, page  Ijo,  as  '  strangers  newly  arrived;' 
but  the  family  of  tliis  name,  who  trace  back 
to  Hugh  Newcome,  of  Saltflectby,  co.  Lin- 
coln, temp.  Cceur  de  Lion  are  \^oi 2^arvcnns 
in  this  or  any  other  sense.  The  name  is 
doubtless  the  same  as  Newcombe,  though 


NEW 


237 


NIC 


the  locality  from  which  that  is  derived  is 

not  known. 
NEWCOMEN.       Perhaps   the   same  as 

Newcome.      Neucomcn  and   Le  Newecu- 

meue.   ■  H.R. 
NEWDEGATE.      A  parish  in  Surrey, 

the  habitation  of  the  family  as  early  as  Uth 

King  John,  the  first  recorded  ancestor  being 

John  de  Niwudegate.    The  family  were  not 

extinct  there   till  temp.  Charles   I.     Tlie 

Ncwdegates  of  Warwickshire  are  a  younger 

branch, 
NEWDIG  ATE.     See  Newdegate. 

NEWELL.     SeeNewall. 

NEWENTON.     See  Newington. 

NEWHAM.  Townships  in  Northumber- 
land. 

NEAYHOUSE.  A  name  common  to 
many  localities. 

NEWINGTON.  Parishes  and  places  in 
cos.  Kent,  Oxon,  Gloucest.,  Surrey,  Middle- 
sex, &c.  The  name  is  common  in  E.  Sussex, 
and  is  deduced  from  Sir  Adam  Newington 
of  Ticehurst,  1481. 

NEWLAND.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Berks,  Gloucester,  Lancaster,  Worcester, 
York,  &c. 

NEYf  LING.  Probably  Newlyn,  a  parish 
in  Cornwall. 

NEWINIAN.  Probably  of  the  same  origin 
as  Newcome,  as  defined  by  HalliAvell,  which 
see.  In  Sussex  documents  of  the  XIII. 
cent,  it  is  spelt  Nieuweman,  and  latinized 
NoA'us  Homo. 

NEWMAKCH.  One  Bernard,  a  compa- 
nion of  the  Conqueror,  settled  near  Breck- 
noclf,  aud  founded  a  priory  there,  which  be- 
came a  cell  to  Battel  Abljey.  He  came 
from  the  place  in  Normandy  now  called 
Neuf-Marche,  near  Neufchatel,  aud  formerly 
Mvus  Jlercaius,  or  the  "new  market."  Ord. 
Yitalis. 

NEWNHAM.  An  estate  in  and  near 
Eotherfield,  co.  Sussex,  which  had  owners 
of  its  own  name  in  the  XIV,  cent.  Also  pa- 
rishes and  places  in  cos.  Gloucester,  Herts, 
Kent,  Hants,  Worcester,  Oxford,  and  War- 
wick. 

NEWPORT.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Cornwall,  Essex,  ilonmouth,  Salop,  Bucks, 
York,  Fife,  &c. 

NEWSHAM.  NEWSAiM.  NEWSOME. 
Newsham ;  several  townships  in  cos.  Lan- 
caster, York,  kc. ;  Newsholme ;  a  township 
in  Y'orkshire. 
NEWSON.     Qu.  :    Nephew's   son.     See 

New, 
NEWSTEAD.  Places  in  cos.  Roxburgh, 
Northumberland,  Lincoln,  and  Nottingham. 
The  last-named  is  famous  for  its  abbey, 
granted  at  the  Dissolution  to  Sir  John 
Byron,  an  ancestor  of  the  Poet. 
NEWTON.  "  The  new  enclosure,  or 
homestead" — a  widely-spread  surname  of 


many  local  origins,  there  being,  besides 
minor  localities  and  farms,  no  less  than  90 
parishes,  townships,  and  chapelries  in  S. 
Britain  so  called,  besides  upwards  of  50 
in  Scotland.  The  hcraldric  dictionaries 
assign  nearly  40  coats  to  the  name.  The 
family  of  the  great  Philosopher  is  pretty 
satifactorily  traced  from  the  Newtons  of 
Newton,  co.  Chester,  in  the XIII.  cent.  Sus- 
sex Arch,  Coll.  ix,  313. 

NIALL.  An  extremely  ancient  Irish 
personal  name,  whence  O'Ncil,  O'Neill,  and 
many  of  the  Neales. 

NIBBS.  Nib  is  a  Fr.  and  O.  Eng. 
'nurseuame'  for  Isabel,  and  hence  Nibbs 
and  Niblett. 

NIBLETT.    See  Nibbs. 

NICHOL.     NICHOLS.     See  Nicholas. 

NICHOLAS.  The  Christian  name.  Hence 

the  derivatives  Nicliol,  Nicholls,  Nicholson, 
Nicholay,  Nix,  Nicks,  Nicksou,  Nixon, 
Nickels,  Nicol,  NickoU,  Nickerson,  Nickis- 
son,  Nickiuson. 

NICHOLAY.  See  Nicholas.  This  name 
in  its  present  spelling  occurs  in  H.R. 

NICHOLL.  "  The  origin  of  the  ancient 
family  of  NichoU,  written  at  various  periods 
Nychol,  Nicol, Nicoll,  Nicholls,  aud  Nicholl, 
has  been  by  antiquaries  variously  and 
lai'gely  treated  on.  It  is  stated  that  in  the 
time  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  one  Nicholas 
de  Albini,«7(as  Nigell  or  Nicholl,  came  over 
from  Normandy,  and  was  the  common  an- 
cestor of  the  Nicholl  f;imily.  In  co.  Chester, 
Robert  Fitz-Nigell  flourished  soon  after  the 
Couquest."     B.L.G, 

The  filial  Fitz-Nichol  was  not  unusual 
after  the  Conquest,  and  in  some  instances 
it  became  hereditary,  as  in  the  descendants 
of  Robert  Fitz-Hardiug,  &c.  See  Atkins' 
Gloucestershire,  p.  257. 

Although  the  majority  of  families  called 
Nicholl,  kc,  doubtlessly  derive  their  sur- 
name from  the  personal  name  Nicholas,  it 
is  quite  likely  that  some  obtain  it  from  the 
city  of  Lincoln,  which  was  denominated 
Niclwle  by  the  Normans.  "  To  the  last," 
says  Sir  Fr.  Palgrave,  "  the  Normans  never 
could  learn  to  say  Lincoln;  they  never 
could  get  nearer  than  Nincol  or  Nicole." 
Hist,  of  Normandy  and  of  England,  vol.  i., 
p.  703.  Even  the  Earls  of  Lincoln  styled 
themselves  Contes  de  Nichole. 

NICHOLLS.     See  Nicholas. 

NICHOLSON.  The  son  of  Nicholas. 
Most  families  of  this  name  trace  to  the 
counties  of  Northumberland  aud  Cumber- 
land. It  is  not  improbable  that  they  are 
descended  from  the  great  Anglo-Norman 
family  of  Fitz-Nigell  or  Nicholl.  See  Ni- 
choll. 

NICKEL.     See  NIchol. 

NICKELS.     See  Nicholas. 

NICKERSON.    A  corruption  of  Nichol- 
son. 
NICKINSON.     The  same  as  NIckissou. 


NOG 


238 


NOR 


NICKISSON.    See  Nicholas. 
NICKS.     See  Nicholas. 
NICKSON.     See  Nicholas. 

NICOL.  1.  The  patriarch  of  the  Nicols, 
Macnicols,  and  Nicolsons,  was  Mackrj'cul 
or  Gregall,  lord  of  Assint,  co.  Sutherland, 
who  flourished  in  the  XII.  cent.  Skene 
thinks  the  clan  Nicail  of  Gaelic  origin. 
ii.  298.    2.  See  Nicholas. 

NICOLAS.  The  late  Sir  Plarris  Nicolas, 
the  well-known  antiquary  and  historian, 
descended  from  a  Breton  family  who  flour- 
ished in  the  XIII.  and  XIV.  cent.,  one 
of  whose  members  came  into  England  at 
the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  and 
settled  at  Looe  in  Cornwall. 

NIGHT.     A  mis-spelling  of  Knight. 

NIGHTINGALE.  From  the  bird- 
doubtless  with  reference  to  sweetness  of 
song  in  the  first  bearer. 

NILL.     The  same  as  Knill. 

NIMMO.  A  Scottish  surname  derived 
from  lands  in  co.  Stirling. 

NISBET.  NISBETT.  Parishes,  &c., 
in  cos.  Ilosburgh,  Berwick,  and  Haddiug- 
ton.     See  Nesbitt. 

NIX.     See  Nicholas. 

NIXON.     See  Nicholas. 

NOAKES.  NOKES.  "At  the  Oak." 
See  the  prefix  Atte,  Atten.  Aten  Oke  and 
Atten  Oke  were  the  original  forms.  When 
the  preposition  began  to  be  dropped  from 
this  class  of  surnames,  the  final  N  in  this 
instance  adhered  to  the  designation  of  the 
tree,  and  we  obtained  the  form  Noake,  since 
vulgarly  pluralized  into  Noakcs.  A-Noke 
was  a  transitional  form.  John  A-Noke,  who, 
with  his  constant  antagonist,  John  Atte 
Style,  was  formerly  as  well  known  in  our 
law  courts  as  the  redoubtable  John  Doe 
and  Richard  Eoeof  later  times,  was  notliiug 
more  than  plain  John  Noakes ;  and  "  Jack 
Noakes  and  Tom  Styles,"  the  phrase  by 
Avhich  we  designate  the  ignobile  vulgus,  are 
lineal  descendants  of  those  litigious  '  par- 
ties.' The  surname  Hayuoke  appears  to  be 
identical  with  A-Noke,  while  Boaks  is  pro- 
bably a  crasis  of  "  By  Oaks."  See  the 
131-efix  By.  See  also  the  names  Nye  and 
Nash.  Dean  Trench  has  some  apiDropriate 
remarks  on  the  absorption  of  the  article 
into  the  noun  in  some  cases,  but  he  does 
not  seem  to  have  remarked  the  correspond- 
ing adhesion  of  a  part  or  the  whole  of  a 
preposition,  as  in  the  cases  above  cited,  as 
well  as  in  Attwood,  Agate,  Twells,  &c.,  &c. 
See  Study  of  Works,  ed.  1852,  p.  1 18.  See 
also  Gloss,  to  Chaucer,  edit.  1825. 

NOBLE.  Refers  either  to  the  physical 
structure,  or  to  the  rank,  of  the  primitive 
bearer.  There  is,  besides  several  Le  Nobles, 
one  Agnes  la  Noble  in  H.R. 

NOCK.  Probably  identical  with  Noke 
or  Noakes,  which  see.  It  is  Noc,  without 
prefix,  in  H.R. 


NOCKOLD.  Probably  from  Knocldiolt 
or  Nockholt,  a  i^arish  in  Kent. 

NOEL.  Fr.  Christmas.  Originally  a 
baptismal  name,  from  the  person's  having 
been  born  on  the  day  of  that  festival. 
William,  the  ancestor  of  all  the  English 
Noels,  was  living  in  tlie  reign  of  Henry  I., 
and  was  at  that  period  lord  of  Ellenhall,  co. 
Stafford.  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men 
of  England.  Collins  says  that  '  Noel,'  and 
his  wife  Celestria,  came  into  England  at  the 
Conquest,  and  that  their  son  Robert  was 
called  Fitz-Noel,  and  hence  the  name  and 
famil3^ 

NOISE.     See  Noyes. 

NOKE.  A  parish  In  Oxfordshire.  See, 
however,  Noakes. 

NOLAN.     See  O 'Nolan. 

NOLLEKINS.     A  nurse-name  of  Oliver, 

through  Noll. 

NOLLEY.     A  nickname  of  Oliver. 

NOLLS.  Noll  Is  one  of  the  several 
nicknames  of  Oliver.  Cromwell  was  com- 
monly known  among  his  enemies  as  "  Old 
Noll." 

NOLTE.  A  contraction  of  Atten  Holte, 
i.e.  "  at  the  Holt,"  or  grove. 

NONE.  "A  person  so  called  was  burled 
at  Wymoudham  ;  and  as  he  gave  nothing  to 
the  abbey,  the  following  epitaph  was  made 
to  his  memory : — 

"  Here  lyeth  None — one  worse  than  none  for  ever 
thought ; 
And  because  None,  of  none  to  thee,  0  Christ, 
gives  nouglit." 
Dixon,  p.  53.     See  Nunn  and  Nugent. 

NOON.     Perhaps  the  same  as  Nmin. 

NORBUPtY.  Parishes,  &c.,  In  cos. 
Chester,  Derby,  Surrej^,  Salop,  Stafford,  k.c. 

NORCLIFPE.  Local:  "the  northern 
cliff." 

NORCOTT.  NORCUTT.  A  township 
in  CO.  Berks. 

NORDEN.  Evidently  from  '  north'  and 
'dean'  or  'den.'  I  doubt  not  that  many 
places  in  Britain  are  so  designated,  though 
it  is  remarkable  that  the  Gazetteers,  both  of 
England  and  Scotland,  are  devoid  of  ex- 
amples. 

NORFOLK.     The  county. 

NOR  GATE.  A  contraction  of  North- 
gate. 

NORMAN.  Northman  or  Norman  was 
the  generic  name  of  the  Norwegians.  After 
the  settlement  of  the  Viking)'  aud  their  fol- 
lowers in  various  parts  of  England,. Scot- 
land, Neustrja,  &c.,  it  was  often  assumed 
as  a  personal  name.  Jlany  of  the  tenants 
in  Domesday  are  called  Norman  and  Nor- 
mannus.     See  Normanby. 

NORMANBY.  There  are  four  parishes, 
besides  minor  localities,  bearing  this  desig- 
nation, viz  :  three  in  Liucolnsliii'e.  and  one 
in    the    N.    Riding  of   Yorkshire.    From 


NOR 


239 


NOU 


Northmau,  or  Norwegian,  and  '  by,'  a  habi- 
tation. "That  Norwegians  immigrated 
into  England  even  in  considerable  numbers, 
both  history  and  the  frequently  occurring 
name  of  Normanby  in  the  North  of  England, 
clearly  show."  Worsaae's  Danes  and  Nor- 
wegians in  England,  p.  73.  Mr.  W.  might 
have  added  tliat  there  are  no  less  than 
eleven  parishes  called  Norman^ort;  but  these 
are  chiefly  in  the  midland  counties.  Nor- 
manville  in  Normandy,  and  the  name  of 
that  province  itself,  are  derived  from  the 
same  source, 

NORMAN D.     The  same  as  Norman. 

NORMANDY.     From  the  province. 

NORMANVILLE.  This  Norman  sur- 
name corresponds  to  our  English  Norman - 
ton.  The  Itiueraire  de  la  Normaudie  shews 
two  places  so  called  ;  one  near  Yvetot,  and 
the  other  in  the  arrondissemeut  of  Evreux, 

NORMANTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos, 
Derby,  Lincoln,  Eutland,  York,  Leicester, 
Nottingham,  kc. 

NORREYS.     See  Norris. 

NORRIS.  Anciently  written  Le  Nereis, 
Norres,  Noreys,  &c.,  and  in  Latin  charters, 
Noricus,  Noreusis,  ire.  It  is  widely  spread 
both  in  Normandy  and  England,  and  may 
imply  either  NoTth-cotintrijman  or  the  Nor- 
Kegiaii.  Ormerod's  Miscell.  Palatina,  p.  G. 
Gaimar  applies  the  term  to  the  Norwegians 
■whom  Harold  defeated  at  Stamford  Bridge. 
"  Quinte  jur  apres  reis  Harold  vint, 
Contra  Norreis  bataille  tint." 

Mon.  Hist.  Brit.,  827, 
In  the  Liber  de  Antiq.  Leg.  it  is  stated,  as 
a  peculiar  circumstance,  that  the  Barons 
hostile  to  king  John,  though  really  from 
diflerent  parts  of  England,  yet  were  all  alike 
called  Norenses  or  North-countrymen.  In 
the  second  sense,  the  word  is  frequently 
employed  to  denote  known  natives  of  Nor- 
way. 

NORTH.     SOUTH.     EAST.    WEST. 

Why  surnames  should  have  been  borrowed 
from  points  of  the  compass,  is  not  very 
readily  explained ;  yet  they  do  exist — all 
in  excellent  associations,  and  at  least  two 
of  them  in  the  Peerage.  The  probability  is 
that  the  original  bearers  received  tlieir  ap- 
pellatives from  the  fact  of  their  having  mi- 
grated to  particular  spots  from  particular 
directions ;  e.g.  if  a  Cornishman  settled 
in  Kent,  he  might  be  called  West,  and  if  a 
Northumbrian  took  up  his  abode  in  Hamp- 
shire, North  would  perhaps  become  his  dis- 
tinctive epithet.  See  Points  of  the  Com- 
pass. 

NORTHALL.  A  parish  in  co.  Middle- 
sex, and  a  hamlet  in  co.  Bucks. 

NORTHCOTB.  A  hamlet  and  estate  in 
the  parish  of  East  Downe,  co.  Devon,  which 
belonged  to  Galfridus,  the  lineal  ancestor 
of  this  family,  in  the  XII.  cent.  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  ]\len. 

NORTHCOTT.     See  Northcote. 

NORTHCROFT.     Local :  see  Croft. 


NORTHEDGE.     See  Edge. 
NORTHEN.     A  parish  in  Cheshire, 

NORTHEY.  An  extinct  chapelry  and 
"  deserted  village,"  near  Pevensey,  co. 
Sussex.  It  was  anciently  a  member  of  the 
Cinque  Ports, 

NORTHFIELD.  A  parish  in  co.  Wor- 
cester. 

NORTHGATE.     See  under  Eastgate. 

NORTHMAN,  A  native  of  Norway. 
It  is  found  in  the  same  orthography  in 
H.R. 

NORTHOVER,  A  parish  in  co,  Somer- 
set. 

NORTHWAY.  A  township  In  co.  Glou- 
cester. 

NORTHWOOD.  A  parish  in  the  Isle 
of  Wight,  and  a  township  in  co.  Salop. 

NORTON.  The  Gazetteer  mentions  be- 
tween forty  and  fifty  parishes,  townships, 
&c.,  so  called,  and  there  are  hundreds  of 
farms  and  minor  localities.  The  word 
means  simply — the  northern  homestead  or 
enclosure,  and  corresponds  to  Sutton, 
Easton,  and  Weston.  The  original  name  of 
Lord  Grantley's  family  was  Coigniers,  until 
temp.  Edw.  II.,  when  PiOger  C.  married  the 
heiress  of  Norton,  of  Norton,  co.  York, 
and  their  son  took  the  maternal  name. 

NORVALL.  NORVELL.  1.  Probably 
from  Norville  in  the  arrondissemeut  of 
Havre,  in  Normandy.  2.  NoiTal,  a  per- 
sonal name. 

NORWICH.  From  the  city.  The  founder 
of  the  family  was  Geoifrey  de  Norwich,  one 
of  the  barons  in  arms  against  King  John. 

NORWOOD.  Places  in  Middlesex, 
Surrey,  &c. 

NOSAYORTHY.     See  W©rthy. 

NOTBEAME.  A-Sax.  hnut  beam,  a 
hazel  tree,  Apud  Notebem,  "  at  the  nut- 
tree,"  is  a  Hundred  Piolls  surname. 

NOTCUTT,  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Northcote,     So  Breadcutt  from  Bradcote. 

NOTLEY,  Two  parishes  in  Essex  ; 
also  the  site  of  a  monastery  in  Buckingham- 
shire. 

NOTJMAN.  Note  is  a  northern  provin- 
cialism for  neat  or  black  cattle,  and  conse- 
quently JVot-inan  is  identical,  not  with 
con-ard,  as  might  appear,  but  with  coiv-herd! 
It  is  Noteman  without  prefix  in  II.  K, 

NOTON.  Perhaps  Notton,  a  township 
in  Yorkshire. 

NOTT.     See  Knott  and  Nutt, 

NOTTER.       An  old   German  personal 

name,  Nothart.     Ferguson. 

NOTTINGHAM.     The  chief  town  of  the 

shire  so  named, 
NOUGIITON.      Perhaps  from  Nowton 

or  Newton,  co.  Suffolli, 


Nua 


240 


NYT 


NOURSE.     O.  Eng.  nourice,  Nurse.  See 

Nurse. 

NOVISS.  A  novice,  "  a  new  beginner  in 
any  art  or  profession  ;  a  raw,  unskilful,  and 
iucxiicrieuced  person."     Bailey. 

NOWELL.  1.  Probably  the  same  as 
Noel.  2.  The  Nowela  of  Rede,  now  Nether- 
side,  CO.  York,  deduce  their  pedigree  from 
Adam  de  Nowell,  who  flourished  there 
temp.  Henry  I.  B.L.G.  The  presumption 
of  a  descent  from  the  noble  fami!}'  of  De 
Noailles  in  France,  seems  to  have  no  other 
foundation  than  the  similarity  of  sound. 

NOWLAND.     A  corruption  of  Nolan. 

NOX.     The  same  as  Knox. 

NOTE.     See  Noyes. 

NOYES.  The  family  of  Noyes  of  Wilt- 
shire and  Sussex  have,  time  out  of  mind, 
borne  the  same  arms  as  that  of  Noye  of 
Cornwall,  to  Avhich  the  celebrated  attorney- 
general  of  Chai'Ies  I.  belonged.  There  is  a 
tradition  that  three  brothers  of  the  name 
came  over  from  Normandy  about  the  time 
of  the  Conquest,  and  settled  in  the  coun- 
ties of  Wilts,  Hants,  and  Cornwall. 
The  name  is  supposed  to  be  derived 
from  Noye  or  Noyon  in  Normandy,  an- 
ciently called  Noyon-sur-Andelle,  but  now 
Charleval,  in  the  canton  of  Grainville  ;  but 
there  are  several  localities  in  that  province 
called  Noyers,  which  may  have  an  equal 
claim.  The  various  spellings  of  the  name 
are  Noye,  De  Noye,  De  la  Noye,  Noise, 
Noys,  Noyse.  Inf.  T.  Herbert  Noyes,  Esq., 
junr. 

NUGENT.  Gerd,  according  to  Salverte, 
is  the  ancient  French  \f ovd  (jdi  which,  gentil 
is  a  diminutive  form)  signifyiug  the  pleasant- 
ness of  a  place  or  person  ;  and  7w,  noe,  non, 
or  none,  designates  a  low  meadoAV  which  ig 
frequently  inundated.  No-gent  or  Nugent, 
he  adds,  is  the  name  of  many  towns  or  vil- 
lages built  on  the  banks  of  a  aiver  in  a 
pleasant  position,  such  as  Nogent-sur- Seine, 
Nogent-sur-Marne,  &c.  Essai.  ii.  284.  The 
family  are  a  branch  of  the  great  house  of 
Belesme,  beiug  descended  from  Fulke  de 
Belesrae,  Lord  of  Nogent  le  Rotrou,  who 
accompanied  William  of  Normandy  and 
fought  at  the  battle  of  Hastings.  Some  of 
his  descendants  assumed  the  surname  of 
Nogent  or  Nugent,  and  two  of  them,  Gilbert 
de  Nugent  and  Hugh  de  Nugent,  cousius, 
founded  the  uame  in  Ireland  temp.  Heury 
II.,  they  having  accompanied  Henry  de 
Lacj-'s  expedition  against  that  country. 
They  settled  in  AVestmeath,  on  part  of  the 


Places  in  Buckingliamsliii-e 


estate  held  to  this  day  by  the  representative 
of  the  family,  the  Marquis  of  Westmeath. 

^^  NUM.     See  XAM. 

NUNN.  An  old  A-Sax.  personal  name. 
One  Nun  was  a  kinsman  of  lua,  king  of 
the  West  Saxons — Nun,  Ince  in'opinciwus. 
See  Hon.  Hist.  Brit.  326,  &c.,  &c.  Anno 
710.  "  Ine  and  Nun,  his  kinsman,  fought 
against  Gerent,  king  of  the  AVelsh."  Saxon 
Chronicle.  But  the  surname  may  have 
originated  from  a  lapse  of  a  vowess,  for  we 
find  in  the  H.R.  not  only  one  Alice  la 
Nonne,  but  also  "  Robertus  Alius  ejus." 

NUNNES.  Apparently  a  genitive  form 
of  Nunn. 

NURSE.     Probably  a  foster-father. 
NURTON.     The  same  as  Norton. 

NUTLIALL.  A  parish  in  Nottingham- 
shire. 

NUTKINS.  A  diminutive  of  Knut  or 
Canute.     Ferguson, 

NUTLEY. 

and  Sussex. 

NUT.     NUTS.     SeeNutt. 

NUTT.  Probably  Knut,  the  Danish 
personal  name,  which  we  now  improperly 
write  in  two  syllables — Canute.  See 
Knott. 

NUTTALL.     The  same  as  Nuthall. 

NUTTER.     See  under  Nutting. 

NUTTING.  Ferguson  derives  this  name 
and  Nutt  from  Knut,  or  Canute,  the  Danish 
personal  name  ;  and  adds  that  the  name  of 
Knut  was  derived  from  a  wen  or  tumour  on 
his  head.  It  is  however  Avorthy  of  remark, 
that  the  hazel,  A-Sax.  hnvt-hcum,  gave  rise 
to  several  names  of  places,  from  some  of 
which  surnames  have  been  derived,  as  Nuf- 
field, Nuthall,  Nuthurst,  Nutley,  Nuthamp- 
stead.  The  names  Nutter  and  Nuttman  are 
also  probably  connected  with  this  tree — 
signifyiug,  i^erhaps,  dealers  in  its  fruit. 

NUTTMAN.     See  under  Nutting. 

NYAS.  Nias  is  a  young  hawk,  and,  me- 
taphorically, a  boy,  "Alin-d,  a  nias  faul- 
con."     Cotgrave, 

NYT3,  The  old  form  was  Atten-Eye, 
"  at  the  Island."     See  Noakes. 

NYjMAN,     The  Danish  form  of  Newman. 

Ferguson. 

NYTIMBER.     A  manor  in  Sussex. 


0 


241 


OAT 


o. 


\J,  This,  a  very  common  prefix  to 
Irish  surnames,  is  the  Celtic  tia,  grand- 
son, descendant.  In  Enghiud  and  other 
European  countries,  the  noble  and 
wealthy  generally  adopted  tlieir  family 
names  from  their  landed  possessions, 
but  in  Ireland  the  names  of  scjjfs  or 
tribes  were  uniformly  borrowed  from 
those  of  their  ancient  chiefs  and  ances- 
tors. Many  of  these  names  are  trace- 
able up  to  the  tenth  centur}^,  and  even 
earlier.  The  famous  king  Brian  Boru, 
who  fell  at  the  battle  of  Clontarf,  in 
1014,  "  published  an  edict,  that  the  de- 
scendants of  the  heads  of  tribes  and 
families  then  in  power,  should  take  name 
from  them,  either  from  the  fathers  or 
grandfathers,  and  that  those  names 
should  become  hereditary  and  fixed  for 
ever."  O'Douovan  in  Irish  Pen.  Jouru. 
p.  332.  In  some  instances,  however, 
families  who  boasted  of  a  distiuguished 
ancestor  of  earlier  date,  assumed  his 
name  rather  than  that  of  the  grand- 
father or  father.  Ibid.  p.  3G5.  "  It  is 
obvious  also,"  adds  the  same  learned 
writer,  "  from  the  authentic  Irish 
annals,  that  there  are  many  Irish  sur- 
names now  in  use,  which  were  adopted 
fi"om  ancestors  who  flourished  long  sub- 
sequently to  the  reign  of  Brian."  '0,' 
or  rather  '  Oy,'  was  used  in  the  sense  of 
grandson  by  the  Scottish  Highlanders  ; 
thus  we  read  of  a  very  old  lad)'  of  Gaelic 
race,  who  (Argus  like  1)  could  boast  of  a 
Imndred  Oijes  ! 

3Lic,  or  '  son  '  was,  and  is,  also  exten- 
sively used  in  Ireland  as  a  prefix,  though 
not  so  much  as  in  Scotland.  Hence  the 
well-known  di.stich : — 

'Ter  JIac  atque  0,  tu  veros  cognoscis  Hibernos, 
Ilis  cluotius  demptis,  nullus  llibernus  aclest." 
"  By  Mac  and  0,  you'll  always  know 
True  Irishmen  they  say ; 
For  if  they  lack  both  0  and  Mac, 
No  Irishmen  are  they !" 

The  Galwegians  who  prided  themselves 
upon  not  being  Irishmen,  issued  an 
order  in  1518,  prohibiting  the  native 
septs  from  entering  their  town,  declaring 
that  "neither  0  ne  Jlac  shoulde  strutte 
ne  swagger  through  the  streetes  of  Gal- 
way!"     Hardimau's  Galway. 

A  vulgar  error  prevails  in  Ireland,  that 
while  the  il/ac  conveys  no  notion  of 
high  birth,  the  0'  is  a  mark  of  good 
famil3^  In  theprovince  of  Connaughtthe 
0'  notifies  the  gentleman :  the  O'Con- 
nors, the  O'Flahertys,  and  the  O'Mal- 
leys  are  somebodies,  while  their  distant 
kinsmen,  the  Connors,  the  Flahertys, 
and  the  Malleys  ai"e  nohodies!  Much 
the  same  notion  prcA'ails  in  France 
concerning  the  prefix  Dc.  In  Ireland 
2  I 


the  0'  is  never  prefixed  to  any  name  de- 
rived from  trade,  with  the  single  excep- 
tion, it  appears,  of  O'Gowan,  which  is 
similar  to  our  Smithson. 

Dr.  O'Donovan's  able  articles  in  the 
Irish  Penny  Journal  afford  much  inte- 
resting information  on  tliis  subject.  I 
must  add,  in  conclusion,  that  the  list  of 
surnames  in  0'  is  far  too  long  for  trans- 
cription here,  and  therefore  I  must  be 
content  to  give  a  few  only.  From  an 
index  to  certain  genealogical  books  at 
the  Royal  Irish  Academy,  it  appears 
that  there  are  uj^wards  of  2000  distinct 
Irish  surnantes  with  this  i^refix,  and 
only  200  with  that  of  Mac.  Only  three 
Scotch  surnames  begin  with  0\ 

OADES.  Probably  the  same  as  the  Odo 
or  Eudes  of  Norman  times. 

tkS^  OAK,  as  well  as  its  A-Sax.  parent 
Ac,  (which  see)  enters  into  the  compo- 
sition of  several  local  surnames,  such  as 
Oakley,  Oakfield,  Oakden,  Oakham, 
Holyoake. 

OxVK.  OAKES.  From  residence  near 
a  tree  or  trees  of  this  species.  See  art. 
Noakes.  There  is  however  a  parish  called 
Oake  in  Somersetshire.     Del  Oke.     H.R. 

OAKDEN.  Local  :  see  termination 
Den.     This  was  probably  a  swine-pasture. 

OAKELY.  "  An  ancient  family,  des- 
cended from  Philip,  who  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  III.  was  lord  of  Oakeley,  in  the 
parish  of  Bishop's  Castle,  Shropshire,  from 
whence  he  assumed  his  name,  and  which 
has  ever  since  been  the  inheritance  of  his 
descendants."  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men. 

OAKENBOTTOM.  Local:  "the  bottom 
or  vale  where  oaks  grow." 

O AKE Y.  Local :  "  the  island  where  oak- 
trees  grow."  Okey  without  prefix  is  found 
in  H.R. 

OAKHAM.  The  county-town  of  Kut- 
landshire. 

OAKLEY,  Parishes,  &c.,  in  various 
counties.     See  Oakeley. 

OAKSFOPvD.  Local :  "  the  ford  by  the 
oaks ;"  or  possibly  a  corruption  of  Oxford. 

OAKE.  Perhaj^s  a  corruption  of  Ore,  co. 
Sussex,  or  of  Hoare. 

OASTLEPt.  OSTLER.  The  keeper  of 
a  hostelnj  or  inn.  How  the  word  became 
degraded  from  master  to  man  is  not  appa- 
rent. 

OATES.     See  Oats. 


OCA 

OATS.  "  Oats,"  says  Mr.  Ferguson,  "  I 
take  to  be  a  pluralism,  and  class  it  with 
Ott,  Otte,  Otto,  and  the  conesponding 
German  names  Otte  and  Otto." 

OBBARD.  A  corruption  of  the  corrup- 
tion Hubbard. 

O'BEIRNE.  An  ancient  Irish  family 
who  have  anglicized  their  name  to  Byron 
and  Bruin  I 

O'BEOLAN.  This  was  the  patronymic  or 
Gaelic  name  of  the  Earls  of  Ross,  and  we 
hud,  from  the  oldest  Norse  saga  connected 
with  Scotland,  that  a  powerful  chief  of  the 
Nortli  of  Scotland  called  Beolan,  married  a 
daughter  of  Eollo,  the  founder  of  Nor- 
mandy. 

OBEY.  Oby,  an  extinct  parish,  now 
joined  with  Ashby,  co.  Norfolk. 

O'BOHILLY.  The  name  variously 
written  O'Bohilly,  O'Bohill,  OT-oyle,  is  of 
early  record  in  Ireland,  and  is  found  in  the 
last-mentioned  form  so  earlj'  as  the  year 
1099,  when  Canlamrach  O'Boyle  was  bishop 
of  Armagh.     D'Alton. 

O'BOLGER.  An  Irish  sept  who  dwelt 
in  Wexford  and  Carlow. 

OBORiSrE.     A  parish  in  Dorsetshire. 

O'BRIEN.  The  O'Briens  of  Tliomond 
took  their  name  from  the  monarch  Brian 
Boru,  who  was  slain  at  the  battle  of  Clon- 
tarf  in  1014.     0"Douovan. 

O'BYRNE.  "The  O'Byrncs  were  the 
formidable  chieftains  of  that  last  subjugated 
district  of  Ireland,  now  tlie  county  of  Wick- 
low  ;  the  present  barony  of  Ballinacor  and 
the  Ranilogh  were  possessed  exclusively 
by  them,  and  they,  with  the  O'Tooles,  the 
territorial  lords  of  the  remainder  of  this 
county,maintained,for  nearly  four  centuries, 
an  unceasing  war  against  Dublin  and  the 
English  Pale."  The  surname  first  appears 
in  1119.     D'Alton. 

O'CAHAN.  The  O'Cahans,  formerly 
prevalent  about  Coleraine,  have  softened 
their  name  to  O'Kane,  Cain,  aud  Kane. 
Ulst.  Journ.  of  Archojol.,  No.  20. 

O'CAHANE.  A  family  of  great  anti- 
quity, claiming  descent  "  frojii  the  renowned 
Niall  of  the  Nine  Hostages,  King  of  Ireland, 
wlio  brought  St.  Patrick  a  captive  from 
France  to  its  shores.  They  constituted  one 
of  the  most  powerful  families  of  ancient 
Dalaradia  in  Ulster,  from  whence  passed 
out  the  emigrants  who  colonized  Scotland, 
conquered  the  Picts,  and  established  a 
kingdom  there,  which,  in  memory  of  their 
old  home,  was  named  Dalriada.  From 
them  descended  the  line  of  Scottisli  Kings, 
the  Stuarts."  D'Alton.  Whatever  credit 
may  attach  to  claims  of  such  veiy  higli 
antiquity,  there  is  no  doubt  that  tlie  name 
and  family  existed  in  the  X.  century,  when 
Eogan  O'Cahan  was  an  abbot  in  the  county 
of  Galway,  A.D.  980.  The  family  may 
have  been  king-descended  and  king-pro- 
ducing, but  their  claim  to  the  progenitor- 
ship  of  the  royal  line  of  Stuart  is  unfounded, 


242  0  C  0 

for  the  latter  have  been  satisfactorily 
pro'i'ed  to  be  of  mingled  Welsh,  Saxon,  and 
Norman  blood,  and  their  Gaelic  or  Irish 
extraction  is  a  pure  figment.  See  article 
Stuart. 

O'CAIN.  A  Highland  clan,  derived,  ac- 
cording to  the  ancient  sennachies,  from  co. 
Fermanagh,  Ireland.  But  Skene  considers 
it  equivalent  to  Cathan  or  Chattan,  a  Gaelic 
name. 

O'CALLAGIIAN.  This  ancient  family 
derive  their  origin  aud  their  surname  from 
Ceallachan  Cathel,  a  famous  king  of  Mun- 
ster  in  the  tenth  century.  Their  territory, 
according  to  Mr.  D'Alton,  was  partly  in 
cos.  Louth  and  Mayo,  but  especially  in 
Cork,  where  50,000  acres  of  land  on  both 
sides  of  tlie  Blackwater,  and  hence  called 
Pobble  -  O'Callaghan,  were  occupied  by 
them. 

O'CARROLL.  This  sept  were  established 
in  Loutli  at  an  early  date,  and  popularly 
styled  Princes  of  Orgiel.  They  are  men- 
tioned by  the  annalists  before  the  date  of 
Strongbow's  invasion.     D'Alton. 

O'CARY.  The  Four  IMasters  record  the 
sept  of  O'Cary  as  lords  of  Carbury,  co. 
Kildare,  from  a  very  early  period  of  Irish 
history.     D'Alton. 

OCHILTREE.     A  parish  in  Ayrshire. 

OCHTERLONY.  The  family  were  an- 
cient in  CO.  Angus,  aud  the  name  is  local, 
though  I  do  not  observe  the  place. 

^W  OCK,  a  variation  of  A-Sax.  ac,  an 
oak,  occurs  in  such  local  surnames  as 
Ockwold,  Ockley,  Oclicnden,  Baldock, 
Charnock,  Sinnock,  CoiDpock. 

OCKENDEN.  An  estate  at  Cuckfield, 
CO.  Sussex,  to  which  county  the  name  seems 
mainly  to  be  limited. 

O'CLERY.  "  A  name,"  says  Mr.  D'Alton, 
"of  the  deepest  historic  interest  in  genea- 
logy. That  sept  had  large  possessions  in 
Tyr-hngh,  their  chief  seat  being  at  Kilbar- 
ron,  where  still  remain  the  ruins  of  their 
castle,  situated  on  a  rock  over  the  shoi'e  of 
the  Atlantic,  near  Ballyshaunon.  They 
were  highly  distinguished  in  the  native 
literature,  and  became  hereditary  bards  and 
historians  of  the  O'Donnells,  Princes  of 
Tyrconnell."  To  this  familj'  appropriately 
belonged  Michael  OX'lery,  the  diligent  col- 
lector of  ancient  manuscripts  relating  to 
Ireland,  who  in  the  early  part  of  the  XVII. 
ceutuiy  compiled  the  celebrated  Annals  of 
the  Four  Masters.     D'Alton. 

qCKMORE.  A  hamlet  and,  a  hundred 
in  CO.  Glamorgan  are  called  Ogmore. 

O'COLEIMAN.  The  native  annalists  of 
Ireland  notice,  at  a  very  early  age,  the  sept 
of  O'Coleman,  and  sometimes  of  i\Iac  Col- 
man,  the  latter  in  the  county  of  Louth, 
where  the  name  is  still  of  respectability. 
Mr.  D'Alton 's  first  mention  of  the  surname 
is  from  the  Four  Masters  under  A.D.  120G. 
The  name  is  so  pui'ely  Saxon,  that  it 
would  seem  probable  that  the  sept  Avas 


ODE 


243 


ODO 


founded  in  early  times  by  a  naturalized 
Englishman. 

O'COMHAIL.  (Pronounced  O'Cooil.) 
Comlial  was  tlie  father  of  Finn  Mac  Cool, 
the  Ossianichero.  The  name  is  anglicized 
to  Coyle.     Ulster  Journ.  of  Archa3ol.  No.  2. 

O'CONNELL.  "From  the  district  of 
Upper  and  Lower  Comielloe,  co.  Limerick, 
the  O'Conuells  removed  to  Iveragh  in  the 
western  extremity  of  Kerry,  and  remained 
there  for  a  considerable  period,  until  the  re- 
bellion of  1041  transplanted  them  to  the  co. 
of  Clare."  B.L.G.  In  751,  say  the  Four 
Masters,  died  Flan  O'Connell,  King  of  the 
Hy  Falgians.  In  the  X.  century  the  deaths 
of  two  O'Connells,  abbots  of  Devenish,  are 
commemorated  ;  and  it  is  singular  that  in 
that  parish  there  are  two  townlands  beariug 
the  respective  names  of  Bally-Connell  and 
Glen-ti-Connell.  At  the  memorable  battle 
of  Cloutarf,  in  1014,  the  chief  of  the 
O'Connells  was  one  of  the  leaders. 
D'Alton. 

O'CONNOR.  The  O'Connors  of  Con- 
naught  spring  from  Conor  or  Concovar,  who 
died  in  971.  O'Donovan.  The  family  were 
subdivided  at  an  early  period;  and  the  head 
of  one  branch  assumed  the  epithet  of  the 
O'Connor  Roe,  or  the  "  Iled-haired,"  while 
the  other  was  known  as  the  O'Connor  Bon, 
or  the  "  Brown-haired." 

O'CROWLEY.  The  O'Crowleys  were  a 
sept  of  CO.  Cork.  Smith,  in  his  history  of 
that  county,  says  that  they  were  a  cadet  of 
the  Mac  Dermots  of  Moylurg.     D'Altou. 

ODAjM.  An  estate  in  Larabourne,  co. 
Berks,  bestowed  on  the  famil}',  it  is  sup- 
posed, by  Bourchier,  Baron  Fitzwariue,  to 
whom  they  would  appear,  from  armorial 
evidence,  to  have  been  related.  Odam  or, 
as  it  is  sometimes  Avritten,  Odeham,  is  sy- 
nonymous with  Woodham. 

ODAY.     SeeOdy. 

ODBURVILE.     OBLTRVILLA.      The 

Domesday  form  of  Auberville.  Eoger  de 
Odburvile  held  eighteen  lordships  in  the 
counties  of  Essex  and  Suffolk  ;  his  brother 
William  held  Berlai ;  and  Robert  de  0. 
was  a  tenant  in  chief  in  co.  Somerset.  The 
Itineraire  de  la  Normandie  shows  six  places 
called  Auberville,  but  from  which  of  these 
the  family  came  to  England  is  not,  I  be- 
lieve, ascertained. 

ODDY.  Perhaps  the  same  as  Ody  from 
Odo.  In  Oxfordshire,  however,  according 
to  Halliwell,  eddy  means  active,  brisk — 
Ijarticularly  in  reference  to  old  persons. 

O'DEA.  An  ancient  sept  who  possessed 
the  territory  in  co.  Clare  now  known  as 
tlie  parish  of  Dysart,  and  which  of  old  liad 
many  castles.  Nine  of  this  name  wore 
slain  at  the  battle  of  Moinmore,  in  1151. 
D'Alton. 

ODELL.     A  parish  in  Bedfordshire,  the 

seat  of  an  ancient  barony,  written  Wodbull, 
and  by  Norman  corruption  AVahul.  The 
gi'eat  Domesday  baron  known  as  Walter 
Flandreusis,  from  his  being  a  Fleming,  held 


it,  and  his  posterity  were  called  De  Wahul 
Tliough  not  summoned  to  Parliament  after 
Edw.  I.,  they  retained  the  title  of  Lords 
Wahul,  until  the  extinction  of  the  male  line 
b}'  the  death  of  Anthony  Wodehull,  temp. 
Henry  VIII. 

O'DEMPSEY.  The  family  were  chiefs 
of  Clan-Maoilughra  (Glenmalira)  a  territory 
extending  over  part  of  King's  and  Queen's 
Cos.  The  sept  O'Dymsy  are  mentioned  at 
an  earl}'  period  in  the  Chancery  rolls. 
D'Alton. 

ODEN.  Tlie  Odin  or  Wodin  of  the  Teu- 
tonic mythology,  the  father  of  the  Gods 
and  the  jDrogenitor  of  ancient  kings.  The 
name  was  in  England  at  the  time  of  the 
Conquest  or  before,  for  Odin  appears  as  a 
Domesday  tenant  in  Cheshire,  and  Odinus  in 
Wiltshire.     A  Ric'Odyn  is  found  in  H.E. 

O'DE  VLIN.    A  branch  of  the  great  house 
of  O'Neill. 
ODGEAR.    ODGERS.    Probably  an  old 

Scandinavian  personal  name.  One  Odgeir 
is  found  in  the  Landnamabok. 

ODIARNE.      Hodiernns  is  found  in  the 

Nonar.  luq.  (Sussex,  p.  396.)  as  a  baptismal 
name :  "  Hodyern'  Elys."  A  Hodierna 
Sackville  also  occurs  temp.  'W^m..  Con- 
queror. How  an  epithet  signifying  "  Of 
this  Day"  came  to  be  adopted  as  a  name,  it 
is  hard  to  conjecture. 

ODINGSELLS.  The  family  came  from 
the  Netherlands,  at  or  soon  after  the  Con- 
quest.    Camden. 

O'DIVNE.  O'Duibhne  is  one  of  Ossian's 
heroes. 

ODLING.  Mr.  Ferguson  derives  it  from 
the  0.  Norse  ddlimjy,  a  king  or  noble — an 
atlieliiKj. 

O'DOIN  or  O'DUIN.  (Written  and 
pronounced  Dunn  aud  Doyne.)  QQM.donn, 
brown,  or  brown -haired;  but  perhaps  iden- 
tical with  O'Duibhne,  an  Ossianic  hero. 

O'DONELAN.  This  sept  were  chiefs  of 
Clan-Bresail,  co.  Galway.  They  claim  des- 
cent from  Murrongh  IMullethan,  King  of 
Conuaught,  in  the  VIII.  century.  They 
were  accounted  'Chief-Poets'  (i.e.  annalists) 
of  that  province.     D'Alton. 

O  'DONNELLY.  The  first  recorded  an- 
cestor seems  to  be  Giolla  Mac  Liag  O'Don- 
gaile,  chief  of  Ferdroma  in  Donegal,  who 
fell  in  a  patriotic  resistance  of  the  invasion 
by  John  de  Courcy,  1177.  Bally-Donnelly 
in  Tyrone  has  its  name  from  this  sept. 
D'Alton. 


From   Donogh,  whose 


O'DONOIIOE, 

father  Donnell  fought  at  Clontarf,  in  1014. 
O'Donovan. 

O'DONOGHUE.  An  ancient  sept  in  co. 
Cork,  from  which  district  they  were  exiDclled 
in  the  twelfth  century  by  the  j\Iac  Cartj-s 
and  O'Mahonys.  They  then  settled  in 
Kerry,  and  held  the  country  round  Lough 
Lcne  and  Killarney,  aud  were  divided  into 
two  lines,  known  as  the  O'Donoghue  More 
and  the  O'Donoghue  Ross.    D'Altou. 


ODU 


244  0  F  L 


O 'DONOVAN.  Some  account  of  this 
family  is  given  under  Donovan,  which  see. 
The  following  additional  particulars  are  from 
D'Alton  :— 

"  The  O'Donovans  were  at  a  very  early 
period  chiefs  of  Cairbre-Aodbha,  the  present 
barony  of  Keury,  co.  Limerick,  where  their 
chief  castle  was  at  Bruree.  They  after- 
wards moved  southward,  over  the  plains  of 
Hy  P''igeinte,  situated  in  the  barony  of 
Conilloe  in  the  same  county,  and  extending 
into  Kerry."  When  driven  thence  by  the 
Baron  of  Ofifaley,  they  appear  to  have  lost 
some  of  their  ancient  importance  on  their 
settlement  in  O'DriscoU's  country.  It  ap- 
pears, however,  that  in  this,  their  Cork 
territory,  they  were  lords  of  the  extensive 
district  of  Clan-Cathail,  and  possessed  the 
three  castles  of  Castle  Donovan,  Banduff, 
and  Rahine. 

O'DORCY.  In  Ireland  this  name  is 
sometimes  galliciscd  to  D'Arcy. 

O'DOWD.  From  an  ancestor  who 
flourished  in  the  VII.  century.  O'Donovan. 
The  sept  possessed  a  wide  territory  in  cos. 
Mayo  and  Sligo.  Their  annals  are  fully 
displayed  in  Hardiman's  "  Hy  Fiacra,"  the 
name  of  this  district.     D'Alton. 

ODOWLING.  A  Queen's  County  sept. 
Some  Irish  families  change  this  name  to 
Delany ! 

O'DRISCOLL.  » The  ancient  sept  of 
O'Driscoll  or  Hederiscoll  were  settled  at 
Carberrjr,  with  Bear  and  Bantry,  in  the 
county  of  Cork.  They  also  possessed  the 
island  of  Cape  Clear,  the  territory  about  the 
Bay  of  Baltimore,  and  part  of  Inveragh  in 
Kerry.  Within  this  ambit,  they  had  castles 
in  Dunashad  and  Dunalong  near  Baltimore, 
both  of  which  were  garrisoned  by  the 
Spaniards  in  the  war  of  1599 ;  they  had 
also  a  castle  at  Dunamore  in  Cape  Clear 
island."    D'Alton. 

Mr.  D'Alton  relates  the  following  anec- 
dote illustrative  of  the  animosity  v>hich 
subsisted  between  the  native  Irish  and  the 
English,  in  the  early  part  of  the  XIV.  cent., 
and  of  the  tyranny  to  which  the  former 
were  exposed.  It  also  furnishes  a  weighty 
answer  to  the  question,  'What's  in  a 
Name?' 

"In  1310,  a  period  when,  as  Sir  John  Davis  ex- 
presses liimself,  '  the  mere  Irish  were  not  only  ac- 
counted aliens,  but  enemies,  and  altogetlier  out  of  the 
protection  of  the  law,  so  as  it  ■\^■as  no  capital  offence 
to  Idll  them,'  a  very  reniarkable  Irial  tooli  place  at 
Limerick,  before  John 'Wogan,  lord-justice  of  Ireland  ; 
wherein  a  'William  Fitz-Roger  being  indicted  for  the 
murder  of  Roger  de  Cantolon,  pleaded  that  he  could 
not  in  law  be  guilty  of  murder  in  that  instance,  for 
that  said, Roger  (the  ^^ctim)  was  an  Irishman,  and 
not  of  free  blood  ;  that  in  verity  said  Eogev  was  of  (he 
cognomen  of  0' Hederiscoll,  and  not  of  the  name  of 
Cantelon ;  and  the  jury  found  the  facts  to  be  so, 
whereupon  the  prisoner  tras  acquitted." 

O-DUFF.  The  O'Duffs  were  chiefs  of 
Hy  Cruinthain,  a  district  extending  round 
Dunamase  in  the  Queen's  County;  and  the 
name  is  of  record  in  the  Irish  Chancery 
rolls  from  the  days  of  Edw.  III.      D'Alton. 

0"DUGAN.  From  Dugan,  an  ancestor, 
whose  son  fought  at  Clontarf  in  lOU. 
O'Donovan. 


O'DUIGENAN.  The  family  were  located 
at  Kilronan,  co.  Roscommon.  They  were 
especially  celebrated  for  their  devotion  to 
the  history  and  literature  of  their  country, 
D'Alton. 

O'DUIGIN.  An  ancient  sept  in  co.  Clare, 
lords  of  a  district  in  the  barony  of  Tullagh. 
D'Alton. 

ODWYER.  The  O'Dwyers  were  chiefs 
of  Kilnamanagh  co.  Tijaperary. 

ODY.  Tlie  classical  Otlio,  in  its  changed 
form  of  Odo,  was  a  Norman  personal  name. 
It  was  afterwards  corrupted  to  Ody,  and  in 
course  of  time  became  hereditary. 

ODYEARNE.     See  Odiarne. 

O'FAGAN.  See  Pagan.  Mr.  D' Alton's 
account  is,  however,  different  from  that 
there  given.  He  says,  that  "the  family  are 
by  some  considered  of  English  descent." 
The  name  seems  to  have  been  well  es- 
tablished in  Meath  in  the  XIII.  century. 

O'FAHY.  An  ancient  sept  of  the  county 
of  Galway. 

OFALVE Y.  The  O'Falveys  were  chiefs 
of  Cork,  and  hereditary  Admirals  of  Des- 
mond.    D'Alton. 

O'FERRALL,  I\Ir.  D'Alton  charac- 
terizes them  as  an  "  illustrious  sept,"  whose 
principality  covered  a  large  portion  of  the 
present  county  of  Longford.  They  were 
great  builders  of  castles,  and  founders  of 
alibeys.  The  first  actual  record  of  the  name 
seems  to  occur  in  the  year  1141,  when  the 
aged  chief,  Gildas  O'Ferral,  departed  this 
life. 

OFFER.     See  Offor. 

OFFICER.  Tills  surname  is  found  at 
Edinburgh ;  what  paiticular  office  the 
founder  of  the  family  held  does  not  appear. 

OFFLEY.  Parishes  in  cos.  Hertford 
and  Stafford. 

OFFLOW.  A  township  in  StalFord- 
shire. 

OFFOR.  Apparently  an  ancient  jDersonal 
name,  Offers  occurs  in  Domesday,  as  a 
tenant  prior  to  the  survey, 

OFFORD.  1.  Two  parishes  in  co.  Hun- 
tingdon are  so  called.  2.  A  Domesday 
personal  name — Offerd, 

O'FIiSJISr.  Finn  or  Fionn  is  an  old  per- 
sonal name  implying  '  fair-haired.' 

O'FLAIIERTY.  Flaithhheartacli,  an 
Irish  chieftain  of  the  X.  century,  acquired 
this  designation,  which  signifies  "lordly- 
deeded,"  for  his  prowess,  and  handed  it 
doAvn  to  his  posterity.  O'Donovan.  "  This 
sept,"  says  Mr.  D'Alton,  "  were  originally 
settled  in  the  barony  of  Clare,  co.  Galway, 
whence  in  the  XI 11.  century  they  were 
driven  to  the  western  side  of  Lough  Corrib, 
and  were  there  styled  Lords  of  lar  or 
western  Connaught.  On  the  islands  of 
that  water  they  had  manj^  castles,  traces  of 
some  of  which  still  remain."     D'Alton. 


OGL 


245 


OHE 


e^  "  OF  THAT  ILK,"  literally  "0/  that 
same  ;"  a  phrase  applied  iu  Scotland  to 
persons  whose  surnames  are  identical 
with  the  names  of  their  estates — a  con- 
venient substitution.  It  was  easier  to 
write  "  John  of  Forbes  of  that  Ilk" 
the  vernacular  of  "  Johannes  de  Forbes, 
dominus  ejusdem,"  than  "  John  of 
Forbes,  of  Forbes."  For  some  centu- 
ries after  the  first  adoption  of  surnames 
the  '0/"'  was  retained,  and  hence  two 
'  ofs  '  were  frequently  found  iu  tlie  de- 
signation of  one  person.  For  example, 
"John  of  Forbes  of  Forbes,"  the  head 
of  a  house  originally  surnamed  from 
the  ancestral  estate,  might  have  brothers 
or  sons,  founders  of  separate  families, 
who  would  be  called  "  John  of  Forbes 
of  Pitsligo,"  "William  of  Forbes  of 
Corse,"  and  the  like;  yet  still  "John 
of  Forbes  of  Forbes  "  would  lie  the  only 
one  of  that  Ilk  in  the  genealogy. 

In  some  cases,  a  spurious  title  "of 
that  Ilk  "  was  created  by  tlie  vanity  of 
upstarts,  as  when  a  man  bearing  a  par- 
ticular surname  gave  that  name  to  his 
newly-acquired  lands,  aud  thus  shuffled 
himself  into  an  appearance  of  ancient 
territorial  association.  Such  phrases  as 
"Mac-Nab  of  Mac-Nab,"  "Mac-lutosh 
of  Mac-Intosh,"  are  modern  and  absurd 
sha7)is,  intended  to  indicate  chief-ship  at 
the  expense  of  accuracy  and  common 
sense. 

O'GALLAGER.  The  native  topo- 
graphers locate  this  sept  in  the  baronies  of 
Tyrhugh  and  Eaphoe,  co.  Donegal,  where 
they  had  castles  at  Lifford  and  Bally- 
shannon.     D'Altou. 

O'GARA.  The  ancient  territorial  lords 
of  Moy-0'Gara  and  Coolavin,  co.  Sligo. 
The  first  recorded  ancestor  seems  to  be 
Roderic  O'Gara,  who  died  in  1056. 
D'Alton. 

OGBORNE.  Two  parishes  in  Wilts  are 
called  Ogbourn. 

OGDEN".     See  Den. 

OGER.  OGERS.  An  ancient  personal 
name  occurring  in  the  Domesday  of  Lin- 
colnshire. 

OGG.  "I  dare  not  say  that  Ogg — from 
the  ancient  root  of  7/ffli/ — has  no  connection 
with  the  King  of  Bashan  ;  but  its  imme- 
diate progenitor  is  an  Old  Norse  Oegr,  wlio 
might  probably  be  as  "  ugly  "  a  customer 
as  the  giant  of  the  iron  bed."     Ferguson. 

OGILBY.     See  Ogle. 

OGILVIE.     OGILVY.     See  Ogle. 

OGILWY.     See  Ogle. 

OGLANDER.  The  tradition  of  the 
baronet's  family  is,  that  they  came  hither 
with  the  Conqueror,  and  settled  at  once  in 
their  present  habitat,  Nunwell  in  the  Isle 
of  Wight.  I  Ijelieve  that  they  can  2)7x>L-e  re- 
sidence there  by  autlicntic  records  from 
temp.  Hen.  III.  M.  de  Gerville  states,  that 
the  lord  of  Oglaudres,  a  parish  between 
Valognes  aud  Pout  i'Abbe,  in  Western  Nor- 


mandy, was  the  person  referred  to  in  this 
tradition.  He  also  informs  us  that  another 
branch  of  the  family  continued  to  reside  in 
the  parish  of  Oglandi-es,  and  thence  passed 
to  tlie  chateau  of  Pertot,  in  the  department 
of  the  Ornc.  The  present  representative  in 
France  is  the  Marquis  d'Orglandre.  Mem. 
Soc.  Antiq.  Normaudie,  1825. 

OGLE.  The  extinct  peerage  family  (from 
whom  springs  the  existing  baronet),  rose  to 
emineuce  in  the  twelfth  century,  and  derived 
their  surname  from  the  lordship  of  Oggil, 
CO.  Northumberland  ;  but  Ogle  appears  also 
to  be  an  A-Sax.  or  Danish  personal  name, 
as  it  occurs,  in  composition  with  topo- 
graphical expressions,  in  several  family 
names,  as  Ogilvie,  Ogilwy,  Ogilby,  aud 
Oglesby,  the  residence  of  Ogle  ;  Oglethorpe, 
the  village  of  Ogle,  &c. 

OGLEBY.     See  Ogle. 

OGLETHORPE.     See  Ogle. 

O'GO'W^'AJSr.  The  Celtic  goiu,  goivan,  is 
Smith ;  and  to  that  form  some  of  the  Irish 
families  have  anglicized  their  name. 

0"GRADY.  In  the  orenealooies  of  this 
I'amilj'^  it  is  asserted,  that  they  sprang  from 
Conal-Eachluath,  King  of  Munster  in  the 
fourth  centur3^  The  sept  were  located  first 
in  CO.  Clare,  and  afterwards  iu  co.  Limerick. 

O'GRIFFIN.  Mr.  D'Alton  says,  that  "  a 
native  sept  of  0"Griffiu  is  traceable  iu  the 
Annals  of  Ireland,  while  it  would  appear 
that  the  same  name,  without  the  Milesian 
prefix,  came  early  from  Pembrokeshire  into 
this  country."  The  first  O'Griffin  named 
by  Mr.  D'Alton  is  in  1199;  a  Fitz-Griflin 
is  found  in  1220;  and  a  Mac-Griffin  iu 
1257. 

O'HAGARTY.  An  Ulster  sept,  sub- 
feudatory  to  the  O'Neill.     D'Alton. 

OHALY.  The  family  were  located  in  a 
large  tract  of  the  barony  of  Muskerry,  co. 
Cork,  called  from  them  Pobble-0"Haly.  The 
Four  Masters  record  the  death  in  1309  of 
Dermod  O'Healey,  'the  most  eminent  of 
the  landed  gentry  of  his  time.'    D'Altou. 

O'HAiSILON.  This  family  were  "  Tanlsts 
of  a  large  territory  within  the  present 
county  of  Armagh,  aud  up  to  the  time  of 
James  I.  enjoyed  the  honour  aud  office  of 
hereditary  Standard-Bearer  of  Ulster — a 
privilege  wbich  Sir  William  Eussell,  when 
Lord  Deputy,  with  due  policy  recognized  ; 
as  marching  agaiust  O'Neill  and  the 
northern  insurgents,  he  committed  the  roj'al 
standard  (which  the  O'Mulloy  had  carried 
through  the  Pale)  to  Hugh  O'Hanlon,  who 
had  theretofore  submitted  to  the  Euglish 
government."     D'Alton. 

OHARA.  A  noble  sept  dating  back  at 
least  to  the  year  1023,  when  the  death  of 
Donagh  O'llara  is  recorded  by  the  Four 
Masters.  Their  territory  comprised  the 
present  barony  of  Leney,  with  parts  of  those 
of  Costello  and  Gallan.     D'Alton. 

O'HEA.  An  ancient  family  of  the  county 
of  Cork,  whose  chief  residence  was   Agh- 


OKE 

cinilly  castle,  on  a  territory  called  from 
them  Pobble-O'Hea.     D'Alton. 

O'HEHIR.     See   Haire.      Mr.   D'Alton 

mentions  that  the  sept  of  O'Hehir  were 
territorially  located  at  Magh-Adhair,  apart 
of  Clare  lying  between  Eunis  and  TuUa. 
He  also  states  that  an  Aulaffe  O'Hehir  was 
slain  in  1091,  at  the  battle  of  Fenagh, 
while  the  Four  Masters  notice  the  death  in 
1099,  of  Donogh  O'Hehir,  lord  of  Magh- 
Adhair. 

O'lIENNESY.  The  O'Hennesys  were 
chiefs  of  Clan-Colgan  in  King's  County, 
and  of  the  territory  now  called  the  barony 
of  Moygoish,  co.  Westmeath. 

O'lilFFERNAN.  This  sept  possessed  a 
territory  about  Corofin,  co.  Clare,  called 
from  them  the  Muintir-Ifernain,  from  which 
stock  a  branch  was  transplanted  to  the 
barony  of  Owny  and  Arra,  co.  Tipperary. 
Their  war-cry  was  Ceakt-na-suas-aboe  ; 
Tlie  cause  of  right  from  above  !  The  name 
appears  in  Irish  history  so  early  as  1017. 
D'Alton. 

O'HOGAN.  The  OTIogalns  are  an  an- 
cient sept  in  Tipperary,  in  the  vicinity  of 
Nenagh.  The  name  occurs  as  early  as  the 
XIII.  cent.     D'Alton. 

O'HORAN.  A  clan  of  Hy  Maine,  co. 
Galway.     D'Alton. 

O'HURLY.  The  sept  of  OTIierlehy  or 
Hurley  are  said  to  have  sprung  from  the 
same  stock  as  the  O'Briens  of  Thomond. 
Their  territory  extended  on  the  borders  of 
Tipperary,  adjoiuing  the  Limerick  district 
of  the  O'Briens,  afterwards  called  Knock- 
long.  In  the  English  local  records  the 
name  Hurle  or  Hurley  is  found  prefixed 
with  De;  but  Mr.  D'Alton  considers  the 
family  unquestionably  Jlilesian. 

OILEY.     See  Doyley. 

O'KANE.     See  O'Cahan. 

O'KEARNEY.  The  sept  of  OKeamey 
is  placed,  by  O'Dugan's  Topography  of  Ire- 
land, in  that  part  of  AVestmeath  that  is 
called  Teflia ;  but  Ortelius's  map  places  a 
clan  of  the  name  in  co.  Cork,  and  they  also 
appear  to  have  been  territorial  in  co.  Clare. 
The  elder  family  of  this  name  adopted  the 
sobriquet  of  S'wnnach,  or  Fox,  and  by  the 
English  aj^pellation  one  of  the  family  was 
created  Baron  of  Kilcoursey  by  Queen 
Elizabeth.  The  name  occurs  as  O'Kerny 
in  the  XL,  and  as  O'Cearney  in  the  XII. 
cent.     D'Alton. 

O'KEEFE.  This  ancient  Mnnster  sept  de- 
rive '•  from  Art  Cacmh— the  last  two  letters 
being  pronounced  in  Irish  as  F,  or  rather 
as  V — who  was  himself  the  son  of  Fin- 
guiue,  King  of  Munster,  whose  death  in 
902  the  Four  Masters  record,  as  they  do 
that  of  Ceallach  O'Cacmh  in  lOGo." 
D'Alton. 

O'KEELEY.     Tills  sept  were  located  in 

the  county  of  Kilkenny. 

O'KELLY.  By  some  genealogists  the 
O'Kellys  are  considered  as  of  a  common 


246  OLD 


stock  with  the  Kellys  of  England;  but  they 
deduce  themselves  from  Cellach,  chief  of  Hy- 
Manj',  and  fourteenth  in  descent  from  Maine 
Mor.  The  name  O'Cellaigh  or  O'Kelly  was 
first  assumed  by  the  grandson  of  that  per- 
sonage in  the  tenth  centurj^.     B.L.G-. 

O'KENjS^EDY.  From  a  progenitor  con- 
temporary with  Brian  Born.     O'Donovan. 

OKEOVER.  Tliis  venerable  and  knightly 
family  are  lineal  descendants  of  Ormus, 
who  at  the  period  of  the  Norman  Conquest 
was  lord  of  Okeover  in  Staffordshire,  by 
grant  of  Nigel,  abbot  of  Burton.  During 
the  long  period  of  almost  eight  hundred 
years,  they  have  flourished  uninterruptedly 
upon  that  estate.  See  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men. 

O'KEVAN.  From  an  ancestor  wlio  lived 
in  the  VII.  century.     O'Donovan. 

O'KINRELLAGH.  A  numerous  and 
territorial  clan  located  in  cos.  Carlow  and 
Wexford.     D'Alton. 

OLD.  1.  See  remarks  under  Eld.  2.  A 
parish  in  co.  Northampton  is  so  called. 

OLD  ACRE.  Local :  "  the  old  acre,"  i.e. 
field. 

OLDBUCK.  Cervus  longceviis',  perhaps 
originally  applied  to  a  robust,  aged  person. 

OLDBURY.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Salop,  Warwick,  Gloucester,  &c. 

OLDCASTLE.  A  township  in  the  parish 
of  ]\Ialpas,  CO.  Chester,  and  a  parish  in  co. 
Monmouth. 

OLDERSHAW.      Local  :    "  the  shaw  of 

alders." 

OLDFIELD.  Guy  de  Provence,  who 
came  to  this  country  in  the  suite  of  Eleanor, 
on  her  marriage  to  King  Henry  III.  in 
1236,  married  Alice,  sister  of  Sir  Patrick 
de  Hartwell,  and  with  her  obtained  the 
manor  and  lands  of  Oldfield,  co.  Chester. 
Their  grandson,  Kichard,  Avas  the  first  who 
assumed  the  name  De  Oldfield.     B.L.G. 

OLDFREY.  Perhaps  the  same  as  Alfrey. 

OLDIIAM.    A  town  in  Lancashire.    The 

name  is  sometimes  pluralized  to  Oldhams. 

OLDIS.     Perhaps  the  same  as  Aldous. 

OLDKNOW.  Local:  from  old,  and 
kiw/ve,  Scot,  for  a  little  hill  or  eminence. 

OLDMAN.  May  be  equivalent  to  senex, 
but  is  more  likely  a  corruption  of  Holman. 

OLDMEADOW.  Local:  place  unknown. 

OLD.AIIXON.  A  Rdph  de  Holdmlxon 
occurs  in  co.  Somerset,  temp.  Edw.  I.  H.R. 

OLDREY.     Perhaps  the  A-Sax.  Aidred. 

OLDRIDGE.  A  chapelry  in  the  parish 
of  St.  Thomas-the-Apostle,  co.  Devon. 

OLDSOiSF.  Might  be  taken  as  a  coiTup- 
tion  of  the  ancient  A-Sax.  personal  name 
Wulstan,  sometimes  written  Olstan,  were 
it  not  that  we  have  the  antithetical  name 
Youngson.     As  it  is,  the  two  names  may 


OMA 


247 


0  u  u 


have  been  originally  employed  to  dis- 
tinguish two  brothers  between  whom  tliere 
was  considerable  disparity  of  age. 

OLERENSHAW.  This  local  name  has 
quietly  subsided  into  Renshaw,  and  it  is 
mostly  so  written.  It  is  often  still  further 
corrupted  into  Rench  and  Wrench.  Inf. 
Rev.  J.  Eastwood. 

OLIPHANT.  Kelham  and  HalliwcU 
give  olifaunt,  A.-Norm.,  an  elephant. 

"  The  scarlet  cloth  cloth  make  the  bull  to  fcare  ; 
The  culloiu-  white  the  oUivant  cloth  shunne." 

Deloney's  Strange  Histories. 

And  Chaucer,  in  his  Rime  of  Sire  Thopas, 
says : — 

"  There  came  a  gret  geaunt ; 
His  name  was  sire  Oliphaunt, 
A  perilous  man  of  dede."  Tyrwhitt. 

Tyrwhitt  considers  the  word  to  mean 
Elephant,  which  he  thinks  a  suitable  name 
for  a  giant.  It  is  remarkable,  Iiowever, 
that  in  Anglo-Saxon  olfend  signifies  a  camel, 
and  therefore  that  useful  animal  may, 
equally  with  the  more  ponderous  brute, 
assert  its  claim  to  the  honour  of  having 
surnamed  this  family.  Some  of  the  Oli- 
phants  bear  an  elephant's  head  as  their 
crest ;  but  this  may  be  a  mere  blunder,  like 
that  of  tlie  Moyles,  whose  coat  is  a  mvU% 
whereas  a  '  moile '  in  medieval  English  sig- 
niiies,  like  the  Latin_;?rmc'/(f ;/???,  any  labour- 
ing beast,  though  esj^ecially  a  horse  or  mare. 

OLIVE.  OLLIVE.  The  well-known 
baptismal  or  personal  name,  Olaf,  borne  by 
various  Norwegian,  Danish,  and  Swedish 
niouarchs.  In  Domesday,  a  tenant  in  chief 
called  Olaf  occurs  in  Northamptonshire. 

OLIVER.  Both  as  a  baptismal  name 
and  a  surname,  was  probably  imported  from 
France,  where  it  was  long  associated  witii 
romantic  literature.  The  Domesdaj'  of 
Devonshire  presents  us  with  a  tenant  called 
Oliver,  in  the  modern  orthography. 

OLIVERSON.     Tlie  son  of  Oliver. 

OLIVIER.  Fr.  Olive-tree.  The  Ollviers 
of  Potterne  are  of  French  extraction,  being 
descended  from  an  old  family  settled  at 
Nay.     B.L.G. 

OLLEY.  Supposed  to  be  a  'nurse-name' 
of  Oliver. 

OLLIFF.     See  Olive. 

OLLIVER.     See  Oliver. 

OLNEY.  A  town  in  co.  Buckingham. 
A  Roger  de  Olnei  occxirs  in  the  Domesday 
of  that  county,  as  an  under-tenant. 

OLORENSHAW.     See  Olerenshaw. 

OLYFADER.  A  XIII.  cent,  surname, 
probably  applied  as  a  sobriquet  to  some 
one  who  frequently  profaned  the  phrase 
"  Holy  Father." 

O'LYNE.  An  ancient  sept  in  co.  Kerry. 
D'Alton. 

O 'MADDEN.  This  sept  were  chiefs  of 
what  is  now  styled  the  Barony  of  Longford, 
CO.  Galway,  with  a  portion  of  the  parish  of 
Lusmagh  in  the  King's  County,  this  whole 


territory  being  in  the  chronicles  of  the 
country  called  Silanchia.  The  annals  of 
Ulster  record  the  death  of  Matodhan,  lord 
of  Silanchia,  in  the  year  1008,  and  from 
him  it  would  appear  the  sept  derived 
their  distinctive  name.     D'Alton. 

O'MAHONY.  The  O'Mahonys  of  Des- 
mond are  named  from  Mahon,  son  of 
Kian,  king  of  Desmond,  who  fell  at  Clon- 
tarfinlOU.  O'Donovan.  "The  O'Ma- 
honys were  powerful  chieftains  in  Munster, 
and  had  extensive  estates  along  the  sea- 
coast  of  Cork  and  Kerry.  Opposite  Horse 
Island,  off  the  former  county,  was  their 
castle  of  Rosbrin,  boldly  erected  on  a  rock 
over  the  sea ;  and  its  proprietor,  availing 
himself  of  tlie  natural  advantage  it  pos- 
sessed, led  a  life  of  such  successful  piracy 
that  Sir  George  Carew,  when  lord  president, 
was  obliged  to  destroy  it."     D'Alton. 

O'MALLEY.  An  ancient  family  formerly 
written  0"Malie,  of  Morshe  Castle,  co.  Mayo. 
O'Malley  is  foolishly  gallicised  to  De  Mail- 
let.    O'Donovan. 

O'MANNING.  The  O'Mannings  were  a 
sept  more  especially  located  in  the  present 
barony  of  Tyaquin,  co.  Galway,  where  the 
castle  of  Clogher  was  their  chief  residence. 
D'Alton. 

OMAN.  The  same  as  Homan  and  Holman. 

OiMlMANEY.     A   place    in  Hampshire. 

Ferguson. 

OJMARCACHAIN.  Is  translated  by 
some  families  to  Ryder;  by  others  it  is 
anglicised  to  Markham. 

O'MEAGHER.  This  family  were  in 
ancient  times  lords  of  the  territory  now 
known  as  the  barony  of  IkerriU;  co.  Tippe- 
rary.     D'Alton. 

O'MEARA.  "A  distinguished  territorial 
sept  in  the  barony  of  Upper  Ormond,  co. 
Tipperary  ;  and  the  name  of  their  principal 
residence,  Tuaim-ui-Meara,  is  still  retained 
in  that  of  Toomavara  within  that  district." 
D'Alton. 

O'MELAGIILIN.  (Of  Meath.)  From 
Maelseachlainn  or  Malachy  II.  Monarch  of 
Ireland,  who  died  in  1022.     O'Donovan. 

OMER.     See  under  Homer. 

O'lMOLONY.  Tliis  family  were  chiefs 
of  Cuiltonan,  now  known  as  the  parish  of 
Kiltonconlea,  co.  Clare.     D'Alton. 

O'IMULLEN.  "The  0']\lullens  were  a 
Leinster  sept,  niunerous  in  the  coixnties  of 
Dublin,  Meath,  and  Kildare.  They  were 
also  known  in  Ulster  as  O'Mullan  and 
Mac  Mullen."    D'Alton. 

0':\IULLOY.  Besides  what  is  said  under 
Mulloy,  it  may  be  stated,  that  the  family 
were  anciently  lords  of  Fearcall,  King's  Co., 
a  district  extending  over  the  existing 
baronies  of  Ballyboy,  Ballycowen,  and 
Eglish,  with  much  of  those  of  Geshil 
and  Garrycastle.  The  first  of  the  name 
mentioned  by  Mr.  D'Alton,  is  Albin  O'Mul- 
loy,  Bishop  of  Fearns,  who  officiated  with 


ONE 


248 


ONO 


the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury  and  Dublin, 
and  with  other  prelates  and  nobles,  at  the 
coronation  of  King  Richard  Coeur-de-Liou 
in  Westminster  Abbey  in  September,  11  SO. 

O'MULMOGHERY.  This  ancient  name 
is  now  always  rendered  Early,  because 
mocli-eirglw  means  '  early  rising.'  O'Dono- 
van. 

O'MURPHY.     The  name  was  anciently 

spelt  O'Murroghoe.  Tlio  sept  extended  it- 
self widely  over  Ireland.  Very  early  after  the 
introduction  of  surnames  into  that  countrj^, 
the  death  of  Flaherty  O'Murroghoe,  chief 
of  Cinel  Breaghain,  co.  Donegal,  is  recorded 
in  the  Annals,  under  A.D.  1031.  D'Alton. 
Among  the  lower  orders  in  the  South  of  England 
the  word  iniirphy  signifies  a  potatoe.  Does  this  im- 
ply that  some  bearer  of  the  surname  introduced  that 
now  indispensable  vegetable  into  England  from  the 
sister  island  ?  The  potatoe  was  cultivated  in  Ireland 
long  before  it  was  known  in  this  country.  A  century 
ago — strange  as  the  statement  may  appear  to  non- 
antiquarian  readers — this  esculent  was  scarcely  known, 
at  least  in  the  south-eastern  district.  There  is  a 
tradition  that  potatoes  were  introduced  into  East 
Sussex  from  Devonshire,  by  the  -vicar  of  my  native 
parish  (Chiddingly),  the  Eev.  John  Herring,  who  died 
so  recently  as  1776. 

O'NAUGHTON.  An  ancient  Irish  sept 
of  CO.  Galway,  located  about  the  country 
now  comprised  in  the  baronies  of  Leitrim 
and  Longford.     D'Alton. 

O'NEILL.  Of  the  very  great  antiquity 
of  this  distinguished  name  and  family  there 
can  be  no  doubt.  At  what  period  the  par- 
ticular ancestor  from  whom  the  surname 
is  borrowed  flourished,  it  is  hard  to  say, 
although  a.  definite  date  is  assigned  to  him 
by  the  Irish  genealogists.  According  to 
them,  he  lived  in  the  fourth  century  of  the 
Christian  Era,  and  was  fifty-third  in  des- 
cent from  the  founder  of  his  race,  who  ex- 
isted within  about  a  centurj'  and  a  half  of 
the  Deluge  1  How  or  when  such  statements 
came  to  be  invented  and  received,  I  know 
not.  That  they  are  honestly  believed  by 
many  Irishmen  I  do  know.  And  it  is  not 
with  anj'  desire  of  disturbing  family  preju- 
dices and  accepted  traditions,  much  less  of 
derogating  from  the  high  antiquity  and 
distinguished  historical  associations  of  the 
O'Neills,  but  simply  as  a  matter  of  literary 
and  historical  criticism,  that  I  beg  to  de- 
mur to  the  following  statements,  set  down 
in  good  faith,  in  a  well-known  publication 
of  recent  date. 

"  The  name  and  origin  of  the  house  of 
O'Neill  are  traced  by  Irish  annalists  to  the 
prince-professor  of  learning,  Niul,  A.  M. 
1800,  son  of  Phenius  Pharsa,  King  of  Scy- 
thia,  whose  posterity  arriving  in  Spain, 
Milesius,  21st  in  descent  from  Niul,  became 
King  of  the  northern  provinces,  and  his 
widow  Queen  Scota,  and  sons,  about  1200 
years  B.C.,  led  a  colony  of 'Milesians'  to  Ire- 
land, where  Heremon,the  youngest,  became 
the  first  monarch. 

"  Niall  the  Great,  53rd  in  descent  from 
Heremon,  was  King  of  Ireland,  A.D.  3SS. 
He  subdued  the  Picts  and  Britons,  and 
after  ravaging  the  coasts  of  Gaul,  was  as- 
sassinated on  the  banks  of  the  Ijoire,  near 
Boulogne  (!)      His    army,  on    its   return, 


carried  off,  among  other  captives,  St. 
Patrick,  the  patron  Saint  of  Ireland.  For 
upwards  of  GOO  years  afterwards,  Niall's 
descendants  exclusively  occupied  the  throne 
of  Ireland.  Three  kings  of  his  posterity 
were  named  after  him,  viz.  :  Niall  II.,  sur- 
named  Frassach,  who  died  770  ;  Niall  III., 
surnamed  Caille,  drowned  in  the  river 
Callan,  A.D.  897  ;  and  Niall  IV.,  surnamed 
Glundubli,  "  black  knee,"  killed  in  battle 
by  the  Danes  of  Dublin,  A.D.  954.  Daniel 
Ardmach  O'Neill,  4Gth  monarch  of  the 
Hy-Niall  race,  grandson  of  Niall  Glundubh, 
died  lOG-l,  and  was  succeeded  by  Malachy. 
a  South  Hy-Niall,  who  died  in  1048.  King 
Mortough  Mac  Neill  died  A.D.  1168,  and 
was  the  last  native  monarch  of  Ireland 
of  the  Hy  Nialls."     B.L.G. 

Now  few  of  the  crowned  heads  and  noblest 
houses  of  Europe  trace  their  pedigree  be- 
yond the  eighth  or  ninth  century — many 
not  so  far  by  hundreds  of  years.  Neither 
is  a  higher  antiquity  assumed  for  them,  even 
by  their  most  flattering  genealogists.  With 
the  Celtic  ex-regal  and  noble  families, 
however,  a  love  for  exaggerated  pedigi'ee 
seems  to  have  been  always  prevalent,  and 
the  Welsh,  the  Irish,  and  the  Scotch,  are 
equally  addicted  to  it.  But  whoever  looks 
dispassionately  at  that  great  gulph  of  dark- 
ness, the  period  from  the  fall  of  the  Eoman 
Empire  to  the  epoch  of  Charlemagne,  say 
the  sixth,  seventh,  and  eighth  centuries, 
and  observes  the  obscurity  which  envelopes 
the  history  even  of  nations,  will  hesitate  to 
accept  as  authentic,  the  minute  family  de- 
tails, and  regular  genealogical  descents,  pre- 
sented to  his  notice  by  the  historians  of 
many  Celtic  families. 

ONION".  Sometimes  a  corruption  of 
Unwyn,  but  oftener  of  the  Welsh  personal 
name  Enion.  In  the  register  of  East 
Grinstead,  Sussex,  in  the  first  half  of  the 
XVII.  century,  tlie  name  is  written  indiffer- 
ently Ennion  and  Onion.  Benion,  Bunyan, 
and  Pinyon  are  also  corruptions  of  this  fine 
old  Cambro-Britisli  designation.  The  force 
of  corruption  could  hardly  go  further  than 
this  twisting  of  a  personal  appellative,  not 
only  into  a  graA'eolent  vegetable,  but  into 
that  which  either  impedes  the  traveller  in 
his  walk,  or  gives  the  jiower  of  flight  to  an 
eagle  !  See  Bunyan  and  Pinion. 

ONLEY.  Oneley  a  hamlet  in  Northamp- 
tonshire. 

O'NOLAN.  Of  this  name  Sir.  D'Alton 
remarks :  "  The  O'Nolans  were  a  sept  of 
the  liighest  antiquity,  especially  in  co.  Car- 
low,  where  they,  gave  name  to  the  district 
of  Fothart  O'Nolan,  within  which,  imme- 
diately after  the  Eugli.sli  invasion,  Hugh  de 
Lacy  erected  one  of  those  castles  which  his 
provident  care  designed  to  sentinel  the 
Pale.  A  very  interesting  memoir  of  this 
sept  is  appended  to  the  third  volume  of  Sir 
Bernard  Burke's  Yisltatton  of  Seats  and 
Arms.  The  native  annals  commemorate 
their  achievements  from  the  earliest  in- 
troduction of  surnames,  and  a  succession  of 
recorded  inquisitions  testifies  the  extent  of 
their  territory." 


ORG 


249 


ORI 


ONSLOW.     The  earl  of  Onslow's  family 

"were  seated  at  Onslow  in  Sliropshire  as 
far  back  as  the  time  of  Richard  I.,  and  pro- 
bably much  earlier."  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men.  The  punning  motto  of  this 
ancient  house :  Festina  lente,  On  Slow  ! 
is  probably  one  of  the  happiest  conceits  of 
its  kind. 

ONWHYN.  A  corruption,  or  an  at- 
tempted refinement,  of  Unwyn. 

O'PHELAN.  From  Faolau,  whose  son 
Mothea  was  at  Clontarf  battle  in  1014. 
0"Donovan.  The  sept  is  recorded  in  the 
earliest  annals  of  Ireland.  "They  were  styled 
Princes  of  Desies,  a  territory  comprising  the 
greater  part  of  the  present  county  of  Water- 
ford,  with  a  portion  of  Tipperary.  Malachy 
O'Plielan  was  their  chief  at  the  time  of  the 
Anglo-Norman  invasion,  and  his  was  the 
principal  native  force  that,  in  co-operation 
with  the  Danes  of  'W'aterford,  sought,  but 
imsuccessfully,  to  hold  that  city  against  the 
new-comers.  Malachy  was  taken  prisoner, 
and  condemned  to  die,  but  his  life  was 
spared  at  the  intercession  of  Dermod  Mac 
Murrough,  who  had  on  that  day  come  down 
from  Ferns  to  celebrate  the  marriage  of  his 
daughter  with  Strongbow.  The  sept  having 
been  afterwards  expelled  from  their  old 
homes,  some,  after  a  short  sojourn  in 
Western  Meath,  crossed  the  Shannon  into 
Connaught,  where  they  spelt  the  name 
O'Fallon ;  and  a  district  in  Roscommon 
was  known  as  O'Fallou's  country."  D'Alton. 

OPIE.  Seems  indigenous  to  Cornwall. 
Opye  occurs  there  in  the  XV.  cent,  and 
Oppie  at  a  later  date. 

OQUIN.  "  This  ancient  sept  is  recog- 
nised in  the  native  annals,  from  the  earliest 
date  of  surnames ;  those  of  Ulster  com- 
memorate, among  the  heroes  who  fell  at 
Clontarf  in  lOU,  Neill  O'Quin.  Widely 
spreading  over  Ireland,  this  family  held 
territory  in  Limerick,  Clare,  Longford, 
Westmeath,  and  Derry."     D'Alton. 

0RA]\1.  Mr.  Ferguson  derives  it  from 
an  old  German  word  signifying  weak,  but 
it  is  more  probably  local.  A  familj^  of  De 
Horeham  in  the  XIV.  century  took  their 
name  from  an  estate  so  called  at  Waldron, 
CO.  Sussex.  Owram  in  Halifax,  co.  York, 
may  possibly  be  the  source. 

ORANGE.  A  AVilliam  de  Orenge  is  a 
Domesday  tenant  in  co.  Bucks.  AVhence 
this  "  William  of  Orange  "  came,  I  cannot 
guess ;  certainly  not,  I  should  say,  from 
the  district  from  which  his  great  name- 
sake, some  six  hundred  years  later,  origin- 
ally had  his  title,  that  being  a  small  town 
and  ancient  principality  in  the  South  of 
France,  about  twenty  miles  from  Avignon, 
and  formerly  a  dependency  of  Holland. 

ORBISSON.  A  known  Lancashii-e  cor- 
ruption of  Osbaldiston. 

ORCHARD.  Originally  meant  wyrt-rjard 
(A-Sax.),  an  enclosure  for  the  growth  of 
wyrts  or  herbs,  rather  than  of  apple-trees, 
as  at  present.  The  original  bearers  of  this 
name  must  therefore  have  been  gardeners. 
2  K 


ORDE.  An  ancient  personal  name.  It 
was  borne  by  a  Somersetshire  landowner 
before  the  making  of  Domesday.  The  fa- 
mily of  Orde  are  of  considerable  antiquity, 
and  have  long  held  lands  in  the  counties  of 
Northumberland  and  Durham,  formerly  as 
tenants  in  caplte  under  the  Bishop.  The 
first  mentioned  in  the  pedigree,  is  Simon  de 
East  Orde,  Avho  possessed  Orde  by  the 
tenure  alluded  to  in  1362.  The  estate  is 
at  Newbiggin,  co.  Northumberland. 

The  word  Or^Hn  Suffolk  is  topographical, 
and  signifies  a  promontory. 

ORDERSON.     Possibly  a  corruption  of 

Other's  son.     See  Otter. 

ORE.  A  parish  near  Hastings,  co.  Sussex, 
which  had  owners  of  the  same  name  in  the 
XIV.  century,  if  not  earlier. 

OREAK.  ORECK.  Ferguson  says, 
0.  Norse  6rih\  weak  or  poor. 

O'REGAN.  A  native  sept  of  Meath. 
D'Alton. 

O'REILLY.  The  family  claim  descent 
"from  Brian,  the  fourth" Milesian  king  pf 
Connaught.  The  name  was  derived  frOm 
an  ancestor  called  Ragallagh — by  softened 
pronunciation  Reilly  —  who  lived  at  tlie 
commencement  of  the  eleventh  century. 
His  grandson  Targaille,  prince  of  East 
Brefny,  was  the  first  who  used  the  name  of 
Ua  Ragallagh  or  O'Reilly."     B.L.G. 

ORFORD.  A  town  and  parish  of  Suffolk, 

ORGAN.     See  under  Orgies. 

ORGAR.  Ordgar,  an  A-Sax.  personal 
name,  whence  doubtless  Orgarswick,  co. 
Kent. 

ORGILL.  From  the  well-known  fortress 
of  Jersey,  called  Mont-Orgueil  1 

ORGLES.  The  only  meaning  that  I  can 
attach  to  this  word  is  organs,  according  to 
the  definition  of  Halliwell,  who  cites  from 
MS.  Douce,  302,  i.  3,  the  line,  "  He  con 
harpe,  he  con  syng,  his  orgies  ben  herd  ful 
wyd."  Orgel,  German,  an  organ.  Now 
Organ  is  also  a  well-recognised  surname, 
and  hence  it  would  seem  that  the  noblest 
of  all  musical  instruments  has  lent  its 
aid  to  swell  our  family  nomenclature. 
In  what  way  Orgies-  and  Organ  became 
family  names  it  is  hard  to  guess  :  perhaps 
the  first  bearers  of  them  were  medieval 
organists. 

ORIEL.     In   a   learned   dissertation   on 
this  architectural  term,  by  the  late  William 
Hamper,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  five  different  mean- 
ings are  attached  to  it,  viz  : — 
"I.  A  pent-house. 
IT.  A  porch  attached  to  any  edifice. 

III.  A  detached  gate-house. 

IV.  An  upper  story. 
V.  A  loft. 

VI.  A  gallery  for  IMinstrels. 

ArchcBologia.  xxiii.,  106. 

The  editor  of  the  Glossary  of  Architec- 
ture is  of  opinion,  that  the  bold  hay-win- 
dows still  called  "Oriels"  gave  name  to  the 


Olio 


250  0  S  C 


various  buildings,   or  parts  of  buildings, 
enumerated  b}^  Mr.  Hamper. 

Oriel  College,  Oxford,  was  first  founded 
by  King  Edward  II.,  but  Edward  III.  be- 
stowing on  the  provost  and  scholars  "  a 
large  messuage  then  called  La  Oriole, "  the 
community  removed  to  it,  leaving  their  old 
habitation  of  Tackley's  Inn.  "  This  large 
messuage,"  says  Mr.  Hamper,  "must  have 
been  distinguished  by  some  stately  porch  or 
vestibule  of  sufficient  importance  to  give  an 
appellation  to  the  entire  edifice."  The 
original  bearer  of  the  surname  was  probablj'' 
a  servitor  in  some  college  or  great  mansion. 
The  name  itself  may  rank  with  Gatehouse, 
Drawbridge,  Kitchen,  &c.,  which  see. 

ORLEBAR.  In  the  reign  of  Edw.  IH. 
this  name  was  spelt  Orlebcrc.  The  family 
at  Hinwick,  co.  Bedford,  are  not  known  to 
have  had  any  possessions  in  the  neighbour- 
ing village  of  Orlingbury,  which,  however, 
has  been  conjectured  to  be  the  origin  of  the 
surname. 

ORME.  A  personal  name  not  uncommon 
in  Saxon  and  Norman  times,  and  doubtless 
of  Scandinavian  origin.  In  the  Old  Norse, 
the  generic  name  for  serpents  is  orm.  Some 
early  landowners  with  tJiis  designation 
have  imjn-essed  it  upon  the  Ormsbys,  Or- 
merod,  Ormside,  Ormes-Head,  Ormsliirk,  in 
England,  and  upon  Ormidale,  the  Ormis- 
tons,  and  Ormary,  in  Scotland.  Domesday 
presents  us  with  tenants  called  Orrae  in  the 
counties  of  York  and  Lincoln,  and  in  the 
former  shire  a  personnge  so  named  held 
immediately  from  the  crown. 

ORMEROD.  Seethe  observations  under 
Eoyd  and  Eodd.  "  The  first  syllable  Ornie 
is  a  common  Saxon  and  Norman  name; 
the  second  syllable  Rode,  (pronounced 
Eoyde  in  Yorkshire)  is  correctly  explained 
by  Dr.  Whitaker  (Hist,  of  Whallcy)  as  the 
preterite  of  "rid," — a  ridding,  clearing,  or 
essart — locus  exsevtus.  It  occurs  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  English  forests  and  chases 
from  Yorkshire  to  Devonshire.  -  -  -  -  The 
import  of  the  name,  then,  is  the  Rode  of 
Orme,  the  land  reclaimed  by  him  or  his 
predecessors,  from  the  forest.  -  -  -  The 
local  name  was  assumed  in  or  before  tlie 
reign  of  Henry  III."  Ormerod  is  in  the 
parish  of  Whalley,  co.  Lancaster. —  Orme- 
rod's  ParcntaUa. 

ORiMISTON.  A  parish  in  Haddington- 
shire, and  a  j^lace  in  Eoxburghshire. 

ORjMSBY.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  York, 
Norfolk,  Lincoln,  &c.  The  family  claim  a 
Norman  origin,  and  the  extinct  baronets' 
ancestors  were  for  several  centuries  seated 
in  Ireland. 

ORMSON.  The  son  of  Orme.  See 
Orme. 

ORMSTON.    See  Ormiston. 
ORMSTONE.     See  Ormiston. 

O'RONAN.      The   O'Ronans,  or  O'Ro- 

naynes,  were  a  sept  long  settled  in  Muuster 
and  parts  of  Leiuster.  At  the  time  of  the 
English  invasion  two  of  that  name  presided 
over  Irish  bishoprics,     D'Alton. 


O'ROURKE.  The  great  antiquity  of 
this  sept  is  attested  by  the  appearance  of 
their  name  in  the  earliest  Irish  annalists, 
by  whom  they  are  styled  Kings  of  West 
Brefny,  a  territory  comj^rising  what  are  now 
the  county  of  Leitrim,  the  barony  of  Tul- 
laghagh,  co.  Cavan,  and  a  part  of  that  of 
Carbury,  co.  Sligo.  Some  of  the  race  seem 
to  have  been  Kings  of  Connanght.  Tiernan 
O'Eourke  was  King  of  Brefny  and  Con- 
machne  at  the  time  of  Strongbow's  invasion. 
D'Alton. 

ORPEN.  "The  family  of  Orpen  or  Erpen 
is  of  remote  antiquity,  and  is  stated  to  be 
derived  from  Erpen,  a  French  noble  of 
royal  descent."  Such  is  the  statement  in 
B.L.G.,  though  the  pedigree,  as  there  given, 
does  not  go  further  back  than  the  XVI. 
cent. 

ORR.  A  parish  in  Kirkcudbrightshire, 
more  usually  written  Uri\ 

ORRED.  Probably  a  corruption  of  some 
local  name  terminating  in  he^U).  Ac- 
cording to  B.L.G.  the  family  have  been  for 
four  hundred  years,  "  and  probably  for  a 
much  longer  period,"  at  Wirral,  in 
Cheshire. 

ORRIN.     A  river  in  Ross-shire. 

ORRIS.  A  known  corruption  of  Horace. 

ORROCK.  A  high  basaltic  hill  in  the 
parish  of  Burntisland,  co.  Fife. 

ORSO.    An  early  Christian  name — Urso  ; 

whence  Fitz-Urse. 

ORSON.       A   Yorkshire  correspondent 

mentions  an  instance  of  a  foundling,  who  by 
popidar  consent  received  the  opprobrious 
name  of  Whoreson.  ^Yh.en  the  poor  fellow 
grew  up  and  married,  the  clergyman  con- 
siderately registered  him  as  Horson,  aud 
M'hen  he  had  a  child  born  to  him,  he  chris- 
tened him  Valentine,  aud  by  this  associa- 
tion the  name  at  length  quietly  subsided 
into  Orson. 

ORTOlSr.      A    contraction    of   Overton. 

Tliere  are  several  places  so  called  in  cos. 
Northampton,  Stafford,  AVestmoreland, 
Cumberland,  Leicester,  and  Huntingdon. 

O'RYAN".  This  family  were  lords  of 
Idroue,  co.  Carlow.  The  name  was  not 
unfrequently  written  O'Mulryan.  O'Eyan, 
Prince  of  Idroue,  was  slain  in  1170,  by 
Eaymond  le  Gros,  the  avant-couricr  of 
Strougbow.     D'Alton. 

OSBALDISTON.  A  township  of  Black- 
burn, CO  Lancaster. 

OSBERN.     See  Osborn. 

OSBORN.  OSBORNE.  For  a  legend 
of  the  origin  of  this  name,  see  Eng.  Surn. 
ii.  3,  4.  Osbernus,  Osbern,  Osborn,  &c.,  are, 
however,  variations  of  a  very  common  bap- 
tismal name.  Several  persons  bearing  it 
occur  in  Domesday,  as  tenants  in  chief  in 
different  counties.  Ferguson  derives  it  from 
the  Norse,  and  interprets  it  "the  divine 
bear !" 

OSCAR.     The  personal  name. 


OTT 


251 


ous 


OSEIMAN.     The  same  as  Osmond. 

OSGOOD.     An  A-Sax.  personal  name. 

O'SHANLEY.  The  O'Shanleys  or,  as 
the}-  were  more  frequently  called,  the  Mac 
Shanleys,  existed  as  a  sept  of  Leitrini  from 
the  XIII.  cent.     D'Alton. 

OSHAUGHNESSY.  "The  O'Shangh- 
nessys  were  lords  of  a  mountainous  district 
dividing  Galway  from  Clare.  The  sept  is 
traced  however,  in  the  annals  of  other  parts 
of  the  country."  The  surname  first  appears 
in  1060.     D'Alton. 

O'SHEE.  The  pedigree  is  traced  to 
Odanus  O'Shee,  lord  of  the  cautred  of  Tex- 
nane  O'Shee  in  Kerry,  and  lands  in  Tip- 
perary,  in  the  tenth  century.     B.L.G. 

O'SHEEXAN".  A  sept  in  the  counties  of 
Limerick  and  Cork. 

OSLER.     Probably  the  same  as  Ostler. 

OSMAK  OSIMANT.  The  same  as 
Osmond. 

OSMENT.     See  Osmond. 

OSMER.  An  A-Sax.  personal  name 
occurring  in  Domesd.  as  Osmer  andOsmar. 

OSMOND.     The  A-Sax.  personal  name. 

OSMOTHERLY.  This  singular  sur- 
name has  long  prevailed  at  Cliii'e,  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Rochester.  Tliere  are 
two  places  so  called  ;  one  in  the  parish  of 
Ulverstone,  co.  Lancaster ;  the  other  in  the 
North  Riding  of  Yorkshire.  In  old  docu- 
ments the  latter  is  written  Osvwtiderley. 

OST.     A  host ;  a  medieval  innkeeper. 

OSTELL.  Norm.  Fr.  ostel,  an  hotel, 
inn,  lodging,  or  town-residence.  The  old 
orthography  is  ostayl  or  osteyl. 

OSTERMOOR.  "I  find,''  says  Mr. 
Ferguson,  "  as  a  Danish  Christian  name, 
Ostmer,  which  corresponds  with  our  sur- 
name Ostermoor,  and  I  think  means 
"  eastern  gull" — a  metaphorical  expression 
for  a  sea-rovei',  from  the  East." 

OSWALD.     An  A-Sax.  personal  name. 

OSWALDKIRKE.    OSWALKYRK.  A 

parish  in  Yorkshire. 

OSWIN.     An  A-Sax.  personal  name. 
OTHER.     See  Otter. 

OTLEY.      Parishes    in    Yorkshire    and 

Suffolk. 

OTOOLE.  The  O^Tooles,  or  Tuaghalls, 
claim  an  ancient  Milesian  descent  from 
Cathaor  More,  King  of  Leinster,  of  the  race 
of  Laogaore,  Monarch  of  Ireland,  contem- 
porary with  St.  Patrick.  At  the  tune  of  the 
English  invasion  under  Henry  II.,  they 
held  a  great  territory  in  co.  Wicklow.  From 
the  Telegraph,  Irish  newspaper. 

OTT.     OTTE.     See  Oates. 

OTTER.  A  Scandinavian  personal  name 
of  great  antiquity,  and  common  applica- 
tion. It  is  variously  spelt  Otter,  Ohter, 
Other,  Othyr,  Ottyr,  Oter,  and  in  Domesday 


book,  Otre.  In  some  one  or  other  of  these 
forms  it  occurs  also  in  the  Saxon  Chronicle, 
the  Annales  Cambriaj,  and  the  Dublin 
Annals.  A  lately-decyphered  inscription 
on  a  cross  in  the  Isle  of  Man  reads — "  Ofr 
raised  this  cross  to  Fruki,  his  father."  As 
a  family  name,  it  has  existed  from  time  im- 
memorial in  the  "  Danish  "  or  Northman 
counties  of  East  Yorkshire,  Nottingham, 
Lincoln  and  Derby,  where  there  is  almost 
a  clan,  of  Otters,  though  the  name  is  rarely 
to  be  met  with  in  other  counties,  and 
scarcely  appears  at  all  in  the  metropolis. 
AValterFitz-Other,  the  celebrated  castellan 
of  AVindsor,  temp.  "William  I.,  the  reputed 
ancestor  of  the  Fitzgeralds,  Gerards,  Wind- 
sors, and  other  great  houses,  was  the  son 
of  Otherus,  a  great  landowner  under  the 
Confessor,  but  whether  the  latter  was  of 
Norse  descent  does  not  appear ;  there  is, 
however,  something  like  armorial  evidence 
of  the  connection  of  the  Otters  with  the 
families  alluded  to.  Ingram,  in  his  trans- 
lation of  the  Saxon  Chronicle,  says  that 
Otter  was  "originally  ' oht-liere  or  ^ocJit- 
Jtere,'  i.e.  Terror  of  an  Army." 

OTTERBOURNE.  There  are  several 
localities  called  Otterbourne  or  Otterburu, 
in  England  and  Scotland — "  the  burn  fre- 
quented by  Otters?"  The  most  famous  of 
these  is  Otterburn,  co.  Northumberland,  the 
scene  of  the  battle  between  Lords  Percy  and 
Douglas,  commemorated  in  Chevy- Chase, 
the  best  ballad  of  old  English  minstrelsy. 

OTTIWELL.  An  ancient  personal  name. 
Ottiwell,  a  natural  son  of  the  celebrated 
Hugh  Lupus,  Earl  of  Chester,  was  tutor  to 
those  unfortunate  children  of  King  Henry 
I.,  who  perished  at  sea,  in  the  Blauche-Nef, 
in  1120.  This  surname  has  been  borne  for 
several  generations,  as  a  Christian  name,  in 
a  respectable  northern  family  of  Wood. 
Some  years  ago  a  Mr.  Ottiwell  Y\'ood  ap- 
peared as  a  witness  in  a  law-suit.  His 
name  being  somewhat  of  a  puzzle  to  the 
presiding  judge,  he  was  asked  to  spell  it, 
which  he  did  distichally,  to  the  great 
amusement  of  the  court,  in  manner  follow- 
ing:— 

"  0  doiiUe  T,  I,  double  U,  E, 
Double  L,  double  U,  doiible  0,  D !" 

OTTLEY.     SeeOtley. 

OTTO.     See  Oates. 

OTWAY.  Doubtless  local,  but  I  can- 
not find  the  place. 

OUDNY.  "  Of  that  Ilk,  in  Scotland." 
Encycl.   Herald.     I   cannot  ascertain  the 

locality. 

OUGHTON.  Probably  the  same  as 
Houghton. 

OUSELEY.  Local:  "the  Meadow  on 
the  banks  of  the  Ouse."  The  family  are  of 
considerable  antiquity,  and  they  were  for- 
merly divided  into  many  branches.  The 
principal  stock,  or  elder  line,  seem  to  have 
fixed  themselves  in  Shropshire.  Courthope's 
Debrett.  The  baronet  springs  from  Nor- 
thamptonshire. 


OWE 

OUTHORN.  A  person  sent  to  call  sub- 
jects to  arms  by  the  sound  of  horn.  Den- 
ham.  Jamieson  defines  Out-home  as  the 
horn  blown  for  summoning  tlie  lieges  to 
attend  the  king  infcir  of  were,  i.e.,  ujjon  any 
warlike  exj^edition. 

OUTLAW.     A  rebel. 

OUTEED.  Doubtless  the  A- Sax.  per- 
sonal name  Utred  or  Uhtred. 

OUTAVAITE.     The  same  as  Owthwaite. 

OUVRY.  The  family  are  believed  to 
have  come  into  England  at  the  Revocation 
of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  in  1685.  In  the 
early  part  of  the  XVIII.  century,  they  were 
connected  with  the  silk  trade  in  Spitalfields. 
They  married  into  the  families  of  De  Beau- 
voir  and  Garnault,  ^^•hose  ancestors  were 
also  Protestant  refugees.  Inf.  Frederic 
OmTy,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

OVEN.  If  the  O  be  long,  the  name  may 
be  a  con-uption  of  Oving,  a  parish  in  Sus- 
sex. Mr.  Ferguson,  however,  derives  it 
from  the  0.  Norse  ovanr,  inexperienced. 

OVENDEN.  OVENDEAN.  A  parish 
in  Sussex  is  called  Ovingdean. 

OVER.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Cambridge,  Gloucester,  Chester,  &c. 

OVERBURY.  A  parish  in  Worcester- 
shire. 

OVER]\IAN.  Du.  The  master  of  any 
guild  or  fraternity.  In  the  N.  of  England, 
the  superintendent  of  a  coal  pit. 

OVERTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Hants,  Chester,  Lancaster,  Flint,  York, 
AVilts,  Lanark,  Renfrew,  Edinburgli,  kc. 

OVERY.  An  extinct  parish  in  Oxford- 
shire. 

OVINGTON.  Parishes,  &c.,in  cos.  Essex, 
Norfolk,  Northumberland,  and  Southamp- 
ton. 

OWDEN.  Probably  the  same  as  Ilowden, 
or  as  Oden. 

OWEN.  A  personal  name  in  Wales. 
Most  of  our  Owens  are  from  that  princi- 
pality, but  it  is  possible  that  a  few  may  be 
of  Saxon  blood,  for  there  is  an  Owiue  in 
the  Domesday  of  Yorkshire,  and  a  still 
earlier  Owiue  occurs  in  the  Codex  Diplo- 
maticus.  It  is  one  of  the  most  common  of 
Welsh  surnames.  As  I  have  elsewhere  ob- 
served in  this  volume,  the  commonness  of 
AVelsh  patronymics  has  tended  to  a  great 
confusion  of  the  '  gentle  '  and  the  '  simple  ' 
in  Wales.  There  are  thousands  of  Owens 
who  bear  that  name  simply  because  their 
grandfathers  or  perhaps  their  fathers  bore 
it  as  a  Christian  name.  In  ancient  families 
the  patryuomic  became  a  statiouarj'  family 
name  about  the  tunes  of  Henry  VIII.  and 
Queen  Elizabeth. 

The  Owens  of  Tedsmore  Hall,  Denbigh- 
shire, formerly  of  Llunllo,  are  descended 
from  Howell  Dha,  and  the  Kings  of  South 
Y'ales,  but  the  first  of  the  family  ^vho  wrote 
himself  Owen,  was  Roland  Owen,  sherifl'of 
Montgomeryshire  in   IGIO.     13.L.G.      The 


252  0  X  E 

Owens  of  Glyuafon  descend  from  Ll3Tvarch 
ap  Bran,  lord  of  Menai  in  Anglesea,  founder 
of  the  second  noble  tribe  of  North  Wales 
and  Powys.  B.L.G.  The  Owens  of  Oriel- 
ton,  CO.  Pembroke,  Barts.,  spring  from 
Hova  ap  Kundhelw,  a  nobleman  of  North 
Wales,  who  lived  about  the  year  1130,  and 
was  one  of  the  fifteen  peers.  Courthopc's 
Debrett. 

OWENS.     From  Owen. 

OWLE.     The  bird. 

OWLEGRAVE.      Local:     "the    owl's 

grove." 

OWLER.  In  some  northern  dialects,  the 
alder  tree ;  in  the  South,  a  smuggler. 
Kennett  (quoted  by  Halliwell)  says  :  "  those 
who  transport  wool  into  France,  contrary 
to  the  prohibition,  are  called  oivlers;"  pro- 
bably on  account  of  such  transactions  oc- 
curring in  the  night,  the  time  when  owls 
are  abroad. 

OWTHWAITE.     Local :  see  Thwaite. 

OXBURGH.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

OXCLIFPE.  A  sub-township  in  Lanca- 
shire. 

OXEN.  This  singular  (not  to  say 
jHwal)  name  is  not  easily  to  be  accounted 
for.  Is  it  Oxenham  or  Oxenden,  deprived 
of  its  final  syllable  ?  Mr.  Ferguson's  ex- 
planation, if  not  quite  satisfactory  and 
conclusive,  is  at  least  ingenious  and  note- 
worthy, "  Such  a  name  as  Oxen,"  says  he, 
"must  probably  have  been  a  surname. 
There  is  a  Northman  in  the  Landnamabok 
called  Oxna-Thorir,  '  Oxen-Thorir,'  most 
l^robaljly  from  the  number  of  oxen  which 
he  possessed.  The  surname  is  here  a  prefix, 
and  OxEN-TiiOKiii  compares  with  our 
Apple-John — the  one  having  been  cele- 
brated for  his  oxen,  as  the  other  for  his 
apples."  The  comparison  is  faulty,  for  the 
original  Mr.  Apple-john  did  not  get  his 
name  from  his  orchard,  but  was,  doubtless, 
"a  gentleman  of  Brutus'  blood,"  an  Ap- 
John  of  the  Welsh  principality. 

OXENARD.     Qu.  :  "  oxen-herd  ?" 

OXENBRIDGE.  This  knightly  family 
are  thus  mentioned  by  Leland ;  "  Oxen- 
bridge  of  Soutlisex  (Sussex)  is  heire  by 
descent  to  this  Alard  [of  Winchelsea]  and 
bearith  his  armes."  They  first  resided  at 
Oxenbi'idge  in  the  parish  of  Iden,  and  took 
their  name  from  that  estate.  They  rose 
into  importance  in  the  early  part  of  the 
fourteenth  century.     Cooper's  Winchelsea. 

OXENDEN.  A  parish  and  a  hamlet  in 
CO.  Northampton  are  so  called ;  but  the 
gentry  family  originated  among  the  dens  of 
Kent.  The  first  known  ancestor  of  the 
baronets  is  Solomon  Oxenden,  who  flour- 
ished in  the  reign  of  Edw.  III.  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  3Ieu. 

OXENFORD. 

ford. 

"  In  tweiitj'  manere  coucle  he  trip  and  dance, 
After  the  Scole  of  Oxenforde  tlio, 
And  with  his  legges  casten  to  and  fro." 

Chaucer,  Milleres  Tale. 


An  old   spelling  of  Ox- 


PAG 


253 


PAO 


Saulf  de  Oxenford  is  found  in  Domesday, 
among  the  under-tenants  of  Berkshire. 

OXFORD.     The  city. 

OXLAD.  Perhaps  literally  a  herd-boy, 
or  driver  of  oxen  ;  more  probably,  however, 
from  a  local  source.     See  Oxlade. 

OXLADE.  Local;  from  ox,  and  lade^ 
a  water-course. 

OXLEY.  A  manor  in  tlie  parish  of 
Bysshebury,  co.  Stafford.  A-Sax.  "  a  pas- 
ture for  oxen" — a  name  given  to  many  tri- 


vial  localities.  The  surname  is  found  chiefly 
in  the  counties  of  York,  Kent,  and  Sussex. 

OXNEY.  A  hundred,  a  river-island, 
and  a  parish  in  Kent. 

OXSPRINGE.  A  township  in  the  West 
Riding  of  Yorkshire,  where  the  family  an- 
ciently resided. 

OXTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Notting. 
ham,  Chester,  and  York. 

OYLER.  I  suppose  a  dealer  in  oilj  and 
other  articles  of  the  same  sort — what  is  now 
called  an  oil-man. 


P. 


X  xVCE.  A  provincialism  for  Eastei',  from 
the  Lat.  i^ascha.  The  analogous  names 
Christmas,  Pentecost,  &c.,  occur  as  family 
designations. 

PACK.  PACKE.  Possibly  from  the  Fr. 
Paque,  Easter,  See  Times  and  Seasons. 
But  more  likely  from  an  ancient  personal 
name  Pack  or  Peck,  from  which  seem  to  be 
derived  the  local  Packington,  Peckham, 
Paston,  Packwood,  &c.  Ferguson  concurs 
in  this  view,  and  even  goes  so  far  as  to 
derive  the  personal  name  from  the  A- Sax. 
pesca,  a  deceiver. 

PACKxVRD.  Doubtless  a  corruption  of 
Picard. 

PACKER.  Halliwell  says,  a  person 
"  employed  in  barrelling  or  imcTiincj  up 
herrings."  In  London,  the  occupation  of 
the  "packer-and-i:)resser  "  is  a  well-known 
and  lucrative  one.  Le  Packere  and  Packare 
are  in  H.R.  A  less  desirable  derivation  is 
from  the  A-Sax.  pceca^  a  cheat  or  deceiver. 

PACKET.  1.  O.  Fr.  imsqider^  pasquet, 
paccage,  &c.,  signifying  pastures.  2.  Per- 
haps a  hunchback.  "  II  porte  son  paccpuct ; 
he  carries  his  load  about  with  him ;  said  of 
one  that  is  huch-backt."  Cotgrave.  Pasket. 
H.R. 

PACKHA,M.     A  corruption  of  Peckham. 

PACKiNIAN.  In  various  provincial  dia- 
lects, a  pedlar,  whose  bundle  is  called  a 
pack.  "  We  do  present  Jane  Frye  to  be  a 
pickry,  (pilferer)  viz.  for  steyling  of  a 
pedler's  pacy  Town  records  of  Seaford, 
Sussex,  temp.  Queen  Elizabeth. 

PACKWOOD.  A  parish  in  Warwick- 
shire. 


PACY.  Either  from  Paci,  near  Evreux, 
(latinized  in  charters  Paceium)  or  from 
Pace  near  Alengon,  both  in  Normandy. 

PADBURY.  A  parish  in  Buckingham- 
shire. 

PADDISON".     The  same  as  Paterson,  if 

not  from  Paddy,  which  see. 
PADDLE.       Probably   a  corruption   of 

either  Padwell  or  Padhill,  a  local  name. 

PADDOCK.  1.  Paddoc,  without  prefix, 
is  the  H.R.  form.  It  seems  to  l:)e  a  personal 
name,  and  to  have  originated,  in  A-Sax. 
times,  several  names  of  places,  such  as  Pad- 
dockswood,  Padoxhurst,  &c.  2.  A  small 
park  or  enclosure. 

PADDY.  1.  Apparently  an  ancient  per- 
sonal name,  whence  the  patrouymical  Pad- 
dison,  the  local  Padwick,  Paddington, 
Padiham,  Padley,  Padworth,  &c.  2.  Per- 
haps the  common  nickname  of  Patrick. 

PADGETT.     See  Paget. 

PADLEY.     A  township  in  Derbyshire. 

PADM  AN.  A  pad  is,  in  several  dialects, 
an  ambling  horse.  A  padman  was  there- 
fore a  man  who  had  the  care  of  such  horses, 
and  the  name  is  analogous  to  Palfriman, 
Coltman,  Horsman,  Brockman,  &c. 

PAGAN.  Pagauus  was  a  Norman  per- 
sonal name,  whence  the  modern  Payne  and 
Paine,  as  well  as  the  more  ancient  Paganel 
and  Payuel.  Pagan,  however,  exists  at 
this  day  among  English  surnames.  See 
IGth  Report  of  Registr.  Gen.  The  history 
of  this  word  is  not  a  little  remarkable :  I 
shall  give  it  in    the    words    of   Gibbon. 


PAG 


254 


PAL 


"  JTayt],  in  the  Doric  dialect,  so  familiar  to 
the  Italians,  signifies  a  fountain ;  and  the 
rural  neighbourhood  wliich  frequented  tlie 
same  fountain  derived  the  common  appel- 
lation of  ^><«^?;s  and  ^w/7««.s.  2.  By  an  easy 
extension  of  the  word,  pacian  and  rural  be- 
came synonymous,  and  the  meaner  rustics 
acquired  that  name,  which  has  been  cor- 
rupted mio i)eamnt  in  the  modern  languages 
of  Europe.  3.  The  amazing  increase  of  the 
military  order  introduced  the  necessity  of  a 
correlative  term  ;  and  all  the  i^eople  who 
were  not  enlisted  in  the  service  of  the  j^rince 
were  bi-anded  witli  the  contemptuous  epi- 
thet of  Pagans.  -4.  The  Christians  were  the 
soldiers  of  Christ;  their  adversaries,  who 
refused  his  sacrament,  or  militar}'  oath  of 
baptism,  might  deserve  the  metaphorical 
name  of  Pagans ;  and  this  popular  reproach 
was  introduced  as  early  as  the  reign  of 
Valentinian,  A.D.  365,  into  Imperial  laws 
and  theological  writings.  5.  Christianity 
gradually  filled  the  cities  of  the  empire ; 
the  old  religion  in  the  time  of  Prudeutius 
and  Orosius  retired  and  languished  in  ob- 
scure villages  ;  and  the  word  2^agan,  with 
its  new  signification,  reverted  to  its  primi- 
tive origin.  C^.  Since  the  worship  of  Jupiter 
and  his  family  has  expired,  the  vacant  title 
of  Pagans  has  been  successively  applied  to 
all  the  idolaters  and  polytheists  of  the  old 
and  new  world.  7.  The  Latin  Christians 
bestowed  it,  without  scruple,  on  their  mortal 
enemies,  the  Mahometans ;  and  the  purest 
vnitarians  were  branded  with  the  unjust 
reproach  of  idolatry  and  paganism."  De- 
cline and  Fall,  chap.  xxi.  ad  Jinem.  The 
historian  quotes  numerous  authorities. 
Other  remarks  on  this  word  may  be  found 
in  Mill's  Logic ;  and  Dean  Trench,  in  his 
Study  of  Words,  makes  admirable  use  of  the 
changes  it  has  undergone. 

As  a  personal  name,  and  a  surname, 
Pagan  and  its  derivatives  were  probably 
applied  by  way  of  sobriquet.  Like  Boor,  Le 
Sauvage,  and  Wildman,  they  may  have  had 
some  reference  to  the  rusticity  or  rudeness 
of  the  original  bearers — some  Northmen 
probably — who  after  the  Conquest  of  Neu- 
stria,  and  the  baptism  of  their  chieftain 
Eollo,  still  declined  to  become  Christians, 
and  remained  wedded  to  their  old  Scandi- 
navian superstitions. 

William  the  Conqueror  was  assisted  in 
his  invasion,  by  several  persons  so  desig- 
nated, and  in  Domesday  Book  we  find 
among  his  tenants  in  capite,  or  chief  holders 
of  land,  the  names  of  Ralph  Paganel  and 
Edmund  fiJius  Pagani,  i.e.,  Fitz-Payne. 
Indeed  diu-ing  the  Norman  dynasty,  Pa- 
ganus  was  one  of  the  most  common  names 
in  England ;  and  it  is  to  this  cause  that  we 
must  assign  the  great  frequency  of  the 
name  of  Payne  or  Paine,  in  our  family  no- 
menclature. In  times  more  recent  than 
the  Conquest,  there  have  doubtless  been 
various  settlements  of  this  widely  spread 
name  in  England ;  for  example,  the  Paynes 
who  settled  in  Norfolk  in  the  XV.  century, 
claim  descent  from  the  ancient  house  of 
Paynel  of  Hambie,  in  the  arrondissement 
of  Coutances.  The  change  from  Paynel  to 
Payne  was  made,  it  is  supposed,  in  order  to 


evade  the  vexatious    laws  then  in  force 
respecting  aliens. 

Recent  research  lias  proved  the  identity 
of  the  names  Paganus  and  Paganellus,  and 
consequently  of  Payne  and  Paynel ;  for  in 
a  branch  of  the  Pagnels  or  Paynels  of 
Hambie,  settled  in  Yorkshire,  both  appella- 
tives are  frequently  applied  to  the  same  in- 
dividual.    Inf.  J.  Bertrand  Payne,  Esq. 

PAGDEN.     See  Den. 

PAGE.  Properly  a  young  male  servant 
— a  subordinate  personal  attendant  of  gi-eat 
men.  It  is  curious  that  the  Gr.  Ilaic,  the 
Lat.  puer,  the  Fr.  gar^07i,  and  the  Eng.  buy, 
signify  equally  'boy'  or  'servant;'  and 
2)0(16,  from  whate^'er  source  derived,  has 
the  same  double  meaning.  According  to 
Cotgrave,  a  i^age  is  "  a  waiting  or  serving 
lioy  (in  France,  where  he  hath  often  good 
breeding,  he  ought  to  be  a  gentleman  borne); 
thence  also  a  tayler's  boy,  a  ship  boy." 

PAGET.  The  family  may  be  Norman, 
but  the  pedigree  only  goes  back  to  a  Lon- 
don civic  official,  temp.  Henry  VIII.  The 
name  seems  to  be  a  diminutive  oi parjc. 

PAKEMAN'.     £lvi. pacliman,  a  pedlar? 

PAKENHAM.  Lord  Longford's  family 
are  traced  to  William  de  Pakenham  of  Pak- 
enham,  co.  Suftblk,  temp.  Edward  I. 

PAKINGTON.  This  name  was  borne 
contemporaneously  b}-  three  families,  who 
wrote  themselves  De  Pakiugton,  from  three 
several  estates  in  the  coi\nties  of  Stafford, 
AVarwick,  and  Leicester.  It  occurs  as  early 
as  the  reign  of  Henry  I. 

PAIGE.     See  Pace. 

PAILTHORPE.     See  Palethorpe. 

PAIN.     PAINE.     See  under  Paganus. 

PAINTER.  The  occupation.  H.R.Pictor. 

See  Paynter. 

PAINTING.     The  same  as  Painton. 

PAINTON.  Paington,  a  parish  in  Devon- 
shire. 

PAIRPOINT.     See  Pierpoint. 
PAISLEr.     The  Scotch  town. 

PALAIRET.  The  flimily  came  into 
England  at  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of 
Nantes. 

PALCOCK.  A  diminutive  of  Paul.  See 
Cock. 

PALEOLOGUS.  In  the  Church  of  Lan- 
dulpli,  CO.  Cornwall,  is  a  brass  plate  thus 
inscribed : — 

"  Here  lyeth  t!ie  body  of  Theodore  Paleolog'us  of 
Pes!u-o  in  Italye,  descended  from  ye  Imperyiil  Ipie  of 
ye  last  Christian  Emperors  of  Greece,  being  the  sonne 
of  Camilio,  ye  sonne  of  Prosper,  tlie  Sonne  of  Tlieodoro, 
tlie  Sonne  of  John,  ye  sonne  of  Thomas,  second  brother 
of  Constantine  Paleologus,  the  Sth  of  tliat  name,  and 
last  of  yt  lyne  yt  rajmed  in  Constantinople  until  sub- 
dued by  theTurhs,  who  married  wi  JIary,  ye  daughter 
of  William  Balls  of  Hadlye  in  SonfTolke,  Gent,  and  had 
issue  5  children,  Theodore,  John,  Ferdinando,  Maria, 
and  Dorothy;  and  dejiarted  this  life  atClyfton,ye21st 
of  Jan.  lC3fi." 

The  monument  is  surmounted  by  the 
arms  of  the  Eastern  Empire, 


PAL 


255 


From  comparison  of  dates,  &c.,  it  appears 
that  this  descendant  of  the  imperial  hne 
lived  in  the  house,  if  not  in  the  family,  ot 
Sir  Nicholas  Lower,  who  was  then  owner  ot 
the  mansion  of  Clifton.   His  offspring  seem 
to  have  been  completely  anglicised.    His  son 
Theodore  simply  describes  himself,  m  his 
will,  dated  1093,  as  mariner,  and  his  signa- 
ture is  Theodore   Paleologey.     His   sister 
Dorothy,  who  married  an  Arundell,  is  re- 
gistered as  "  Dorothea  Paleologus,  de  stirpe 
Imperatorum."     Other  descendants  went  to 
the  West  Indies,  where  their  posterity  long 
continued.      In  Cornwall  the  Imperial  race 
seem  to  have  become  "  small  by  degrees 
and  beautifully  less;"  so  that  it  requires  no 
creat  stretch  of  the  imagination  to  believe, 
with  the  Kev.  F.  V.  J.  Arundell,  that  "  the 
imperial  blood  perhaps  still  flows  in   the 
bargemen  of  Cargrecn  !"   See  Archasologia. 
vol.  xviii.  p.  83. 

PALETHORPE.      A  chapelry  In   Not- 
tinghamshire. 

PALEY.      This  was  borne  as  a  personal 

name,  by  a  powerful  Dane  mentioned  in  the 

Saxon  Chronicle  as  PaUig,  A.D.  1101. 

PALFREY.    1.  A  riding  horse.  Palefray 

Palfrei,  Palfrey,  &c.  H.E.    2.  Mr.  Ferguson 

thinks  it  maybe  a  baptismal  name,  derived 

from  the  old  Germ.  Baldfred,which  is  found 

so  early  as  the  VII.  century. 

PALFRI]\IAN.     A  keeper  of  palfreys— 

perhaps   of  those   belonging  to   the  king. 

The  forms  of  the  surname  in  H.R.  are  Pal- 

freymau,  Palfreur,  and  Palfridarius. 

PALGRAVE.    A  parish  in  Suffolk.    The 

derivation   from    the   Germ,   ffalxijraf,   a 

count-palatine,  as  given  in  Eng.  Surn.,  is 

therefore  erroneous. 

PALING.     Probably  Palling,  a  parish  in 

Norfolk. 
PALK.  The  family  are  traced  to  Am- 
brook,  CO.  Devon,  temp.  Henry  VII.  The 
name  is  probably  local.  In  Sussex,  Pocock 
is  sometimes  corrupted  to  Palk.  Some  con- 
sider it  a  derivative  of  Paul,  and  the  Palke 
of  H.R.  supports  this  opinion. 
PALLANT.  In  Chichester  and  some 
other  episcopal  towns,  the  district  surround- 
ing the  bishop's  palace  ipalatinm  episcopi) 
is  so  called. 

PAIjLETT.  The  name  Hippolytus  is 
sometmies  so  corrupted  in  medieval  manu- 
scripts. 

PALLIN.     The  same  as  Pallmg. 
PALLING.     1.  A  parish  In  Norfolk.     2. 

A  personal  name  in  H.K. 
PALLISER.  Probably  a  man  who  made 
palisades  or  park  fences,  or  had  the  care 
of  them. 
PALINIER.  An  incessant  pilgrim— one 
who  spent  all  his  time  in  visiting  holy 
shrines,  whereas  the  ordinary  pilgi'im  re- 
turned to  his  usual  course  of  life  as  soon  as 
his  particularexpiatory  journey  was  finished. 

See  Scott's  Marmion,  and  Eng.  Surn.  1. 131. 


PAN 

"  Palmers,  (a  baculis  palmarim)  from  the 
staff  of  the  palm,  which  they  used  to  bear 
when  returning  from  the  Holy  War,"  says 

Richardson. 

"  The  faded  palm-bvanch  in  his  hand, 
Showed  pUgi-im  froui  the  Holy  Land," 
says  Sir  Walter,  which  is  the  more  correct 
statement ;  for  the  Palmer  was  rather  a  de- 
votee than  an  ordinary  Crusader.  The  dis- 
tinction between  Pilgrim  and  Palmer  was 
not  always  strictly  observed.  Thus  in  the 
medieval  romance  of  "  Horn  "  we  find  the 
expression  "  Palmer-pilgrun"  applied  to  one 

individual. 

"  En  la  sale  est  entrd  li  paumer-pelerln." 

K?i(jht's  Essays,  i.  111. 

Palmarius,  Palmer,  Le  Palmer.  H.R. 
PALMES.  "There  appears  no  reason  to 
doubt  the  antiquity  of  this  family,  said  to  be 
descended  from  Manfred  Palmes,  who  lived 
in  the  reign  of  Stephen,  and  seated  at 
Naburn,  co  York,  since  the  year  1226  by  a 
match  with  the  heiress  of  Watterville." 
Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men.  The 
meaning  of  the  name  does  not  appear. 

PALSER.     A  contraction  of  Palllser. 

PAM.  The  name  of  one  RIc.  Pam  occurs 
in  H.R.  An  Austrian  family  of  this  name 
became  naturalized  here  in  the  last  cen- 
tury. 
PAISIPHTLON.  From  pampilion^  a  coat 
of  various  colours,  formerly  worn  by  do- 
mestic servants.  The  word  was  most  Ukely 
a  corruption  of  the  Fr.papillm,  abuttei-fly, 
the  gaudy  hues  of  which  were  emulated  by 
this  motley  costume. 
PAMPLIN.     The  same  as  Pamphilou. 

PAN.      Corresponds  with  an  O.   Germ. 

name  Panno.     Ferguson. 
PANCEFOT.     This  name  Is  spelt  In  such 

varying  forms,  that  its  true  orthography  and 

its  right  meaning  appear  to  be  unattainable. 

It  is  written  Pauncefote,  Pancevolt,  Pance- 

fort,  Poncefortt,  Paucevot,  and  Pancefot. 
In  charters  it  is  latinized  De  Pede  Planco, 
that  is,  "  of  the  Splay-Foot,"  but  for  this 
rendering  there  appears  to  be  no  authority. 
The  first  of  the  name  on  record  is  Bernard 
Pancevolt,  a  Domesday  tenant-in-chief  in 
Hampshire.  Geoffrey  de  Pauncevote  was 
steward  to  the  household  of  King  John. 

PANE.  A  corruption  of  Paine.  See 
Pagan. 

PANGBORN.  A  name  fairly  applicable 
to  every  human  being ;  but  as  a  surname  it 
is  doubtless  derived  from  the  parish 
called  Pangborne,  in  Berkshire. 

PANKHURT  or  PENKHURST.  An 
estate  in  E.  Sussex. 

PANNACK.     See  Penneck. 

PANNEL.  See  under  Pagan,  Paganel, 
of  which  this  is  an  easy  corruption. 

PANNETT.  In  all  probability  a  corrup- 
tion of  the  French  panetier.  See  under 
Panter. 

PANNIER.  Probably  the  same  as  the 
paiiimr-man,    thus    described  by   Bailey  : 


PAR 


256 


PAE 


"  One  [in  the  Inns  of  Court]  who  winds  a 
liorn,  or  rings  a  bell,  to  call  the  gentlemen 
to  dinner  or  supper,  and  provides  mustard, 
pepper,  and  vinegar  for  the  Hall." 

PANT.  A  public  fountain,  cistern,  or 
reservoir.  North.  A  hollow  declivity. 
West.     Halliwell. 

PANTER.  The  name  of  Paniter,  Panter, 
or  Panther,  is  derived  from  the  office  of 
master-baker.  "  In  the  court  of  France  the 
Panitierwas  an  officer  of  high  consideration; 
and  in  monasteries  the  Paniter  would  seem 
to  have  been  charged  with  the  distribution 
of  bread  to  the  poor — no  doubt  in  virtue  of 
his  office  of  chief  baker."  Proceedings  of 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland, 
voh  1.  p.  14.  , 

Pantler  is  sjniohymous.  CotgTave  gives 
"rANETiER,  a  pantlc)-;"  and  Goukhn.  has 
"A  Pantler,  panis  custos,  promus."  R. 
Brunne,  in  his  version  of  Langtoft's  Chro- 
nicle, relates  the  death  of  King  Echnund 
A.D.  947,  by  the  hand  of  an  o\\i\ix\w  paide- 
lere,  who  had  formerl_y  served  in  the  royal 
fanierie.  The  more  common  form  of  the 
two  is  inniter,  Fr.  luincUer,  Lat.  imnc- 
tarius.  See  more  in  Way's  Promptorium 
Parv.  p.  381. 

PANTHER.  Not  from  the  wild  beast, 
but  the  same  as  Panter,  which  see. 

PANTLER.     See  Panter. 
PANTON.     A  parish  in  Lincohishire. 

PANTRY.     Paneterie,  O.  Fr.,  the  place 

where  bread  was  kept.  The  H.R.  form  is 
Dela  Paneterie;  i.e.,  theofficer,  who,  in  great 
houses,  dealt  out  the  bread  for  the  household. 

PAPE.  Apparently  the  French  form  of 
Pope.  The  name  occurs  in  H.R.  in  the 
present  orthographj'. 

PAPILLON.  Fr.,  a  butterfly— probably 
with  reference  to  the  gaudy  costume  of  the 
original  bearer  of  the  name.  The  surname 
is  found  in  England  as  early  as  the  time  of 
the  Conqueror,  in  the  records  of  the  church 
of  Durham  ;  and  in  subsequent  reigns,  it  is 
not  unfrequent.  The  H.R.  forms  are  Papi- 
lion,  Papilioun,  Papillun,  &c.  But  the  Pa- 
pillous  of  Kent  and  Sussex  are  of  Huguenot 
origin,  and  are  descendants  of  Anthony  Pa- 
pillon,  the  friend  of  Erasmus,  and  one  of 
the  most  eminent  Protestants  of  France. 
His  grandson,  David  Papillou,  settled  at 
Lubenham,  co.  Leicester,  and  was  ancestor 
of  the  Papillous  of  Acrise.     B.L.G. 

PAPPENHEIM.  The  family  came  to 
England  with  George  II.  The  name  is 
local. 

PAPPRILL.  Probably  the  same  as  Pep- 
perell  or  Peverell. 

PAPWORTH.  Parishes  in  cos.  Hunt- 
ingdon and  Cambridge. 

PARADISE.  Doubtless  from  a  locality 
so  named. 


PARAGREEN.   PAR  RAG  REN. 

ruptions  of  Peregrine. 

PARAMOUR.     See  Parramore. 


C: 


or- 


PARCEL.  A  probable  corruption  of 
'  Par  Oiel!  '  "  By  Heaven,"  an  oath  habi- 
tually employed  by  the  first  bearer,  and  so 
becoming  his  sobriquet. 

PARDEE.  ^Par  Dieu,'  a  common  medi- 
eval oath.     See  Pardew. 

"  And  for  tliat  licour  is  so  presious, 
That  oft  hath  made  me  dronke  as  any  mous, 
Tlierefor  I  ■svill  that  ther  it  beryd  be, 
My  wrecchid  body  afore  this  god,  pardA, 
Mighti  Bachus  that  is  mya  owen  lorde, 
Without  variaunce  to  serve  h3nii  or  discorde." 

MS.  Bawl.  c.  86.     (Halliw.) 

PARDEW.  This  is  in  all  likelihood  an 
oath — 'Par  Bieu'' — and  may  have  ori- 
ginated in  a  similar  manner  with  Bigod,  of 
which,  indeed,  itmay bea  simple  translation. 
The  habit  of  profane  swearing,  so  common 
in  the  middle  ages,  seems  to  have  been  an 
importation  from  Normandy.  See  Bigod. 
William  the  Conqueror,  Rufus,  and  many  of 
their  successors,  set  a  very  bad  example  to 
their  subjects  in  this  respect ;  and  in  the 
XII.  centmy,  Giraldus  Cambrensis  com- 
plains that — "  tliere  are  some  princes  who 
at  every  word  employ  an  enormous  oath, 
foolishly  and  rashly  presuming  to  swear  by 
the  death  of  God,  by  his  eyes,  his  feet,  his 

teeth, and  irreverently  strive  to  tear 

their  God  limb  from  limb."  At  a  later 
period,  this  profanity  was  by  no  means 
limited  to  the  noble,  as  a  very  slight  ac- 
quaintance with  Chaucer  and  other  writers 
of  the  time  will  show.  Profane  oaths  abound 
in  the  Canterbury  Tales,  proviug  that  in 
the  XIV.  century  it  was  a  great  national 
vice.  How  bad  a  character  our  country- 
men had  for  it  in  the  XV.  century,  is  proved 
by  the  following  incident  at  the  trial  of 
Joan  of  Arc.  A  French  witness  named 
Colette  having  used  the  name  "Godon," 
was  asked  who  Godon  was,  and  replied 
that  it  was  not  the  designation  of  any 
particular  person,  but  a  sobriquet  applied 
generally  to  the  English,  on  account  of  their 
continual  use  of  the  exclamation,  "  God 
damn  it."  Sharon  Turner's  Middle  Ages, 
ii.  555. 

PARDIE.      PARDY.        The 

Pardew. 

PARDOE.     PARDOW.     See  Pardew. 

PARDON.  Parton,  a  hamlet  and  a  town- 
ship in  Cumberland. 

PARE.     Fr.  ;jcre,  father. 

PARENT.  Probably  intended  in  the 
Fr.  sense  of  kinsman.  A  A'ery  early  sur- 
name.    Parent.     H.R. 

PARFETT.       PARFITT.        A-Norm. 

patfit,  O.E.  2)a7falt,  perfect. 

PARGETTER.  PARGITER.  A  plas- 
terei'.  The  term  '  pargeting  '  is  generally 
applied  to  the  more  ornamental  kinds  of 
plaster  work.  "Payyet,  playster  for  Avallys." 
Prompt.  Parv. 

PARIIAM.       Parishes    in    Suffolk    and 

Sussex. 

PARIS.  PARRIS.  The  French  metro- 
polis. Many  families  so  named  nuist  have 
settled  in  England.     One  Francis  Parris,  a 


same    as 


PAE 


257 


PAR 


Protestant  refugee  from  Dieppe,  settled  at 
Rye  in  1572.  Had.  MS.  15.  70.  The  sur- 
name is  common  in  Sussex.  In  H.R.  there 
are  manj'  individuals  called  De  Paris,  and 
Do  Parys. 

PARISH.  This  rather  shigular  name 
may  be  thus  accounted  for.  In  many  parts 
of  the  South  of  England,  in  country  places, 
the  word  parish  is  used,  not  so  much 
with  reference  to  the  parochial  district,  as 
to  the  village  immediately  adjacent  to  the 
church.  Hence,  at  the  period  when  ple- 
beian surnames  began,  two  Johns  or  two 
Roberts,  residing  in  the  same  ecclesiastical 
parocJiia,  might  be  called  respectively,  John 
or  Robert  at  Field,  at  Moor,  at  Hill,  or 
what  not — or  John  or  Robert  "a^  the 
Parlslt."  Tlie  family  of  this  name  formerly 
settled  in  Lincolnshire,  consider  it  to  be  a 
modification  of  Paris,  the  Fr.  metroi)olis. 

PARK.  From  residence  near  a  park. 
Anciently  At- Parke  and  A  Parke.  See, 
however,  Peter. 

PARKE.  1.  May  be  a  derivative  of 
Peter,  and  intermediate  between  that  and 
Parkins ;  or,  2,  local  ;  either  from  one  of 
the  places  called  Pare  in  Normandy,  situ- 
ated respectively  near  Diepi^e  and  Bernay ; 
or  from  residence  near  some  English  park, 
like  the  De  la  Parocke  of  the  H.R. 

PARKEIST.     The  same  as  Parkin. 

PARKER.  An  officer  who  had  the  sur- 
Yeillance  of  a  park  for  some  royal  or  noble 
personage.  Collins  traces  the  Earl  of  3Iac- 
clesfield's  family  to  Thomas  le  Parker,  temp,  ■ 
Edward  III.  The  extinct  baronet  family, 
Parker  of  Ratton,  traced  their  pedigree 
to  temp.  Edward  I.  in  Sussex.  Le  Pai'kere, 
Le  Parker,  Parcarius,  &c.,  H.R. 

Anschitil  Pai'cher  is  a  tenant-in-chlef  in 
CO.  Somerset,  Domesd. ;  and  the  name  may 
therefore  have  another  etymology. 

PARKERSON.     The  son  of  a  Parker: 

so  Wrightson,  Smithson,  &c.;  perhaps,  how- 
ever, a  corruption  of  Parkinson. 

PARKES.  ]\Iay  belong  to  the  series, 
Park,  Parkins,  Perkins,  Parkinson,  kc, 
from  Peter,  the  Christian  name ;  or  may  be 
local,  from  Pai'cs,  near  Pont-^E^•eque,  or 
Paves,  near  AlenQon,  both  in  Normandy. 

PARKHOUSE.  A  house  in  or  near 
some  park. 

PARKHURST.     A  place  in  the  Isle  of 

Wight. 

PARKIN".     PARKINS.    See  Peter. 

PARKINSON.     See  Peter. 

PARKMAN.     The  same  as  Parker. 

PARKYN.     See  Peter. 

PARLOUR.  Parele  is  a  word  used  by 
Lydgate,  signifying  'to  apparel;'  and 
another  medieval  expression  (from  the 
Anglo-Norman)  '  apparail '  means  to  pro- 
vide, furnish,  prepare,  or  equip.  The  ori- 
ginal bearer  of  the  name  may  have  had 
sometliing  to  do  with  military  appareling 
or  equipments. 

2  L 


PARMENTER.     PARMITER.     OFr. 

'' jMrmentier,  a  Taylor."  Cotgr.  The  H.R. 
forms  are  Le  Parmenter,  Le  Parmunter, 
Parminter,  Parmuntarius. 

PARNALL.     See  Parnell. 

PARNELL.  O.Eng.  Pernel,  for  Petro- 
nilla,  a  female  name.  In  old  times  the 
word  was  used  to  designate  "a  lascivious 
woman,  a  confident  girl."  Bailey.  See 
Female  Christian  Names. 

PARS  ALL.  1.  The  same  as  Parcel.  2. 
a  corruption  of  Purcel!. 

PARSEY.     A  corruption  of  Percy. 

PARSLEY.  A  corruption  of  Passelewe 
or  Pashley.  In  the  Soutli  of  England  the 
R  \n  pavsleij  is  dropped  in  pronunciation. 
The  name  was  doubtless  assimilated  to  the 
vegetable  by  an  ignorant  scribe. 

PARSLOW.  Most  likely  the  same  as 
Passelewe. 

PARSON.  PARSONS.  ]\Iay  refer  to 
tlie  sacred  office,  in  which  case,  see  Eccle- 
siastical SuRXAJiES.  More  probably, 
however,  it  is  the  same  as  Pearson,  Pierson 
— the  son  of  Peter. 

PARR.  In  Eng.  Surn.  i.  169,  I  ven- 
tured to  derive  this  surname  from  Peter, 
and  this,  through  the  Fr.  Pierre,  is  probably 
the  true  origin  of  it  in  some  cases  ;  but  a 
correspondent  (the  Rev.  Henry  Parr)  says  : 
"  it  is  derived  from  the  manor  of  Parr  in 
Lancashire,  which  is  also  a  township,  and 
of  late  years  has  become  a  cliapelry.  There 
all  my  ancestors  were  settled  from  the  XIII. 
century,  and  there  is  sufficient  reason  for 
concluding,  that  every  family  bearing  the 
name  has  branched  out  from  the  same 
parent  stock."  B.L.G.  Nichols'  Topo- 
grapher, iii.  353. 

PARRAGREN.  Peregrine,  the  Christian 
name. 

PARRAMORE.  If  not  local,  may  belong 
to  the  same  class  as  Lover,  Friend,  Neigh- 
bour, &c. 

PARRET.  A  river  in  co.  Somerset  is  so 
called ;  but  the  name  may  be  a  corruption  of 
the  Fr.  Pierrot,  a  diminutive  of  Peter. 

PARRINGTON.  Patrington,  a  parish 
in  Yorkshire. 

PARR  IS.     See  Paris. 

PARROCK.  O.  Eng.  a  park.  De  la 
Parocke  is  the  form  of  the  name  in  H.R. 

PARROTT.  ]May  have  been  originally 
applied  to  a  talkative  person.  So  the  clas- 
sical Psittacus,  from  ^VirraKi].  There  is 
however  equal  probability  of  its  liaving 
been  derived  from  the  river  Parret,  or  from 
Pierrot,  a  French  diminutive  of  Pierre, 
Peter.  The  surname  has  been  varied  to 
Parratt,  Parrett,  and  Parritt. 

PARRY.  Welsh,  Ap-Harry,  the  son  of 
Henry.  The  surname  was  not  fixed  before 
the  XVI.  century.  The  Parrys  of  Rliydo- 
lion,  CO.  Carnarvon,  are  of  very  ancient 
descent  from  Moreiddig  o'r  dyffryn  aur; 


PAT 


258 


PAT 


A  township  in  Che- 


while  those  of  No}'add  Trefawr,  co.  Cardi- 
gan, derive  their  pedigree  from  Rhys  Chwitli, 
an  esquire  of  the  body  to  King  Edward  I., 
and  a  descendant  of  the  ancient  Lords  of 
Cardigan.     B.L.G. 

PARTINGTON. 

shire. 

PARTNER.  An  associate  in  any  trade 
or  labour.     E.G.  16. 

PARTON.  A  township  and  a  hamlet  in 
Cumberland,  and  a  parish  in  Kirkcudbright- 
shire. 

PARTRICK.     A  corruption  of  Patrick. 

PARTRIDGE.  Possibly  from  th^  bird ; 
but  more  likely  from  some  locality  termi- 
nating in  -RIDGE.  Partriche  is,  however,  a 
H.R.  surname. 

PASCALL.  An  Old  Fr.  baptismal  name, 
Pascal,  first  imposed  on  children  born  at 
the  season  of  Pasche  or  Easter,  like  Noel, 
Christmas,  Pentecost,  and  others.  It  is 
commonly  varied  to  Pascoe,  Paskell,  &;c. 

PASCOE.     PASCO.     See  Pascall. 

PASH.     See  Easter. 

PASK.     See  Easter. 

PASKALL.     See  Pascall. 

PASLEY.     See  Passelewe. 

PASIMORE.  Probably  Peasmore,  a 
parish  in  Berkshire. 

PASS.  A  narrow  entrance  ;  an  avenue. 
Johnson.     A  topographical  term. 

PASSAGE.  From  residence  at  one. 
Del  Passage.     H.R. 

PASSELEWE.  PASSELEU.  After- 
wards Passeley,  and  now  Pashley.  Skinner 
derives  it  "  a  Fr.  ^ws.se  Veau,  sc.  a  tranando 
vel  transeundo  aquam,"  but  a  monliisli 
writer,  in  some  complimentary  verses  upon 
Robert  de  Passeleu,  the  crafty  ecclesiastic 
of  Henry  the  Third's  time,  says : — 

"  Nee  eiiim  quia  transit 
Sod  prwceUit  .iquaru,  cognoraine  credo  notari — 
Jlente  quidem  lenis,  re  dulcis,  sanguine  clarus ; 
In  tribus  his  prajcellit  aquam." 

The  name,  however,  has  nothing  to  do 
either  with  crossing,  or  excelling,  water,  but 
is  probably  derived  from  the  manor  now 
called  Pasley  or  Pashley,  in  the  parish  of 
Ticehurst,  co.  Sussex. 

PASSENGER.    A  traveller. 

PASTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Northampton 
and  Norfolk,  and  a  township  in  Nortlium- 
berland.  The  Pastons,  originally  of  the 
place  so  called  in  Norfolk,  are  well  known 
through  the  "Paston  Letters,"  written  in 
the  XV.  century,  and  containing  most 
picturesque  views  of  society  at  that  period. 

PATCH.  1.  Probably  one  of  the  modifica- 
tions of  Peche.  2.  From  the  occurrence  of 
Patcham,  Patching,  Patchway,  &c.,  as 
names  of  places,  it  is  probable  that  there 
was  an  early  personal  name  Pacli,  or  Patch. 
.3.  A  domestic  fool  or  jester. 


PATCHING.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

PATE.     A  badger.     Halliwell. 

PATEMAN.  As  pate  is  a  northern  pro- 
vincialism for  a  badger,  the  original  Pate- 
man  may  have  been  a  hunter  of  badgers, 
just  as  the  patriarch  of  the  Todmans  was 
a  catcher  of  foxes,  and  the  ancestor  of  the 
Wontners,  a  captor  of  moles.  See  Todman, 
and  Wontner. 

PATEN.  Probably  the  same  as  Paton 
and  Peyton. 

PATER.  1.  The  latinization  of  the  sur- 
name Father.  2.  A  town  in  Wales,  now 
called  Pembroke  Dock. 

PATERNOSTER.  Alice  Paternoster, 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  L,  held  lands  in 
Pusey,  CO.  Berks.,  by  the  service  of  saying 
the  Lord's  Prayer,  Pater  noster  qui  es  in 
caslis,  &c.,  five  times  a  day,  for  the  souls  of 
the  King's  ancestors ;  and  it  appears  that 
Richard  Paternoster,  on  succeeding  to  an 
estate  in  the  same  parish,  instead  of  pay- 
ing a  sum  of  money  as  a  relief,  said  the 
Lord's  Prayer  thrice,  before  the  I3arons  of 
the  Exchequer,  as  John,  his  brother,  had 
previously  done.  In  the  same  reign, 
another,  or  tlie  same,  John  Paternoster  held 
a  virgate  of  land  in  East  Heudred.  by  the 
service  of  saying  one  Patei-noster  ^ve?'  diem. 
The  land  is  still  called  Paternoster  Bank. 
See  Blount's  Tenures.     Lysous'  Berks. 

PATERSON.     See  Patterson. 

PATESHALL.  A  parish  in  Northamp- 
tonshire. 

The  family  are  ancient  in  that  county, 
where  Simon  de  Pateshall  Avas  sheriff, 
6.  Richard  I. 

PATEY.  Perliaps  from  the  A-Sax. 
pretiff,  2}eti</,  crafty. 

PATIENCE.     1.   A  baptismal  name  for 

both  sexes.  A  Saint  Patient  is  honoured 
by  the  Roman  church  on  the  11th  of  Sep- 
tember. 2.  The  remarks  under  Peace  ap- 
ply to  this  name  as  Avell. 

PATIENT.     See  Patience. 

PATMAN.     The  same  as  Padman. 

PATON.     See  Paten. 

PATRICK.  The  personal  name,  borne 
by  the  patron  saint  of  Ireland.  It  seems 
to  have  originated  several  other  names 
which  will  be  found  below.  Pati'ic,  Patrick, 
Patryk,  &c.,  are  the  spellings  in  H.R.,  and 
the  surname  api^ears  to  have  been  common 
in  the  XIII.  century. 

PATRICKSON.     The  son  of  Patrick. 

PATSON.     The  son  of  Patrick. 

PATTEN.  According  to  B.L.G.,  Richard 
Patten,  son  and  heir  of  Richard  Patten,  was 
of  Patine,  or  Patten,  near  Chelmsford,  co. 
Essex,  in  1119.  From  him  the  Pattens  of 
Bank  Hall,  co.  Lancaster,  claim  lineal  des- 
cent. 

PATTENDEN.     See  Den. 

PATTERSON.     Patrick's  son. 


PAY 


259 


PEA 


PATTISON".     The  son  of  Patrick  ? 

PAUL.  PAULL.  1.  A  well-known 
Christian  name.  2.  A  parish  in  Yorkshire, 
olim  Pagliill. 

PAULET.  The  patriarch  of  this  noble 
family  was  Hercules,  lord  of  Tournon  in 
Picardy,  who  coming  into  England,  temp. 
Henry  I.,  and  settling  on  the  lordship  of 
Paulet,  CO.  Hants,  assumed  his  surname 
therefrom.  Courthope's  Debrett.  Dugdale 
states,  however,  that  the  family  borrowed 
their  name  fi-om  Paulet  (now  Pawlctt)  in 
Somersetshire,  and  he  does  not  trace  the 
pedigree  beyond  Sir  John  Paulet,  who  died 
2.  Richard  II. 

PAULIN".  Fr.  Paulin,  from  the  Latin 
Paulinus. 

PAULSON".     The  son  of  Paul. 

PAULTON.     Aparisliin  Somersetshire. 

PAUSE.  Pawson  is  understood  to  be 
Paul's  sou,  and  it  is  probable  that  Pause  is 
a  corruption  of  the  genitive  Paul's. 

PAVER.  This  older  and  moi-e  correct 
form  of  j^aviour,  a  layer  of  pavements,  still 
exists  as  a  family  name. 

PAVIN".  An  Italian  gentleman  named 
Paviui  settled,  two  generations  since,  in 
Wales,  and  anglicised  his  surname  by  luwcU- 
in^  out  one  of  his  I's.  Of  this  fact  I  am  as- 
assured  by  a  descendant,  who  facetiously 
conjectures  that  the  name  was  originally 
derived  a  non  2)av.endo!  Pavin,  as  a  sur- 
name in  England,  dates  back,  however,  to 
the  XIII.  centur}'. 

PAVIOUR.     A  paver  of  streets,  &c. 

PAVISER.  A  soldier  armed  with  a 
2)avise,  or  large  Norman  shield. 

PAVYER.  A  paver,  or,  as  it  is  now  ri- 
diculously written,  2}0'Viotir. 

PAW.  A  corruption  of  Paul.  Hence 
Pawson. 

PAWLE.     A  mis-spelling  of  Paul. 

PAWLETT.     See  Paulet. 

PAWSON.  The  sou  of  Paul,  through 
Paw. 

PAXMAN.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Packman,  a  hoAvker. 

PAXON.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Paxton. 

PAXTON.  "  The  family  of  Paxton  came 
from  the  town  of  that  name  in  Berwick- 
shire, where  the  ancestors  were  long  resident 
as  clergymen  of  the  Presbyterian  kirli." 
B.L.G. 

P.^XTON.  Great  and  Little  Paxton  are 
parishes  in  co.  Huntingdon. 

PAYBODY.  "  Seems  to  be  connected 
with  the  Danish  paahyde,  to  command  or 
enjoin  ;^art5i;^Z  an  edict."  Ferguson.  See 
Peabody. 

PAYNE.  See  under  Pagan.  One  of 
the  greatest  colonies  of  the  Paynes  is  at 
East  Grinstead,  co.  Sussex,  where  for  se- 


A'^eral  centuries  they  have  been  very  abund- 
ant. Some  of  the  branches,  for  the  sake  of 
comj)arative  distinction,  call  themselves 
Payner ! 

A  correspondent  observes  :  "Note  how 
widely  spread  this  name  is.  In  the  Biblio- 
tlieque  Imperiale  at  Paris,  Paganellus  and 
Paganus  stand  indifferently  for  Paynel ;  and 
other  forms  of  the  name  exist  in  France  in 
Payen,  Paen,  Payn.  Italy  has  its  Pagana, 
and  Portugal  its  Payana." 

PAYNTER.  See  Painter.  According 
to  Kelham,  however,  Payntier  fZe?'oy  meant 
in  Norman  times,  serjeant  of  the  pantry  to 
the  king.     See  Panter. 

PAYS.       Probably  the   same    as   Pace, 

Easter. 

PEABODl^  The  same  as  Paybody. 
Dixon  derives  it  from  Pae-hoAj,  "  one  as 
handsome  as  a /we  or  peacock!"  This  is 
far-fetched  enough  for  ordinary  belief,  but 
Mr.  Arthur  goes  much  further,  in  deducing 
the  lineage  of  the  name  from  one  Boadie, 
a  kinsman  of  Queen  Boadicea,  who  escaped 
into  Wales,  and  there  got  the  name  of  Pea, 
or  mountain,  prefixed  to  his  name  !  I 

PEACE.  If  not  from  the  personification 
of  Peace  in  some  medieval  drama,  j^robablj'' 
from  a  Christian  name,  like  Faith,  Charity, 
Honour,  &c.  Pax,  without  prefix,  is  found 
in  H.R. 

PEACEABLE.     From  the  disposition  of 

the  first  bearer. 

PEACH.  The  same  as  Peche  and 
Peachey. 

PEACHEY.  Doubtless  the  same  as  the 
baronial  name  Peche,  latinized  in  charters 
De  Peccato.  That  the  latter  was  pronounced 
as  a  dissyllable,  Peche,  is  shown  by  the 
painted  glass  in  a  window  at  Lullingstoue, 
CO.  Kent,  where  the  arms  of  Sir  John  Peche 
are  surrounded  by  branches  of  a  peach-tree, 
fvucted,  and  each  peach,  to  complete  the 
rebus,  is  inscribed  with  the  letter  E — 
Peach-e.  See  Stothard's  Monumental 
Effigies.  The  modern  arms  of  Peachey  are 
evidently  derived  from  those  of  Peche. 

PEACOCK.     The  bird.     See  Pocock. 

PEAK.     A  pointed  hill,  as  the  Peak  in 

Derbyshire. 

PEAKE.  The  Peakes  of  Llewenny,  co. 
Denbigh,  have  been  seated  there  apparently 
from  the  XIV.  century,  and  there  is  little 
doubt  of  their  extraction  from  Thomas  del 
Peke,  to  whom  Henry  de  Lacy,  Earl  of  Lin- 
coln, about  the  year  1281,  granted  a  burgage, 
fcc,  within  the  walls  of  Denbigh.  As  Llcwen- 
nie  was  included  within  De  Lacy's  barony, 
it  seems  probable  that  it  was  granted  at 
the  same  period.  The  family  went  into 
^\' ales  in  1283,  with  King  Edward  I.,  doubt- 
less as  feudatories  of  the  De  Lacys.  Harl. 
lil.S.  1933.  See  B.L.G.  The  etymology  of 
the  name  is  the  same  as  that  of  Peak. 

PEAL.     The  same  as  Peel. 

PEAR.  1.  Fr.P/enr,  Peter.  2.YY.pere, 
the  father.     3.  One  of  the  several  places  in 


PEC 


260 


PEE 


Normandy  known  as  Paer  and  Pair.  4. 
The  Fr.  modification  of  the  saintl}'  name 
Paternus;  "  Sanctus  Pateruus,  vulgo  Saint- 
Pair."     Itin.  de  la  Normandie. 

TEARCE.     See  Piers,  from  Peter. 

PEARCY.     See  Percy. 

PEARETH.  This  name  seems  to  have 
been  corrupted,  in  the  XVI.  century,  from 
Penreth,  originally  De  Penrith,  in  Cumber- 
land. See  B.L.G.,  Peareth  of  Usworth,  co. 
Durham.  Camden,  speaking  of  Penrith  in 
his  Britannia,  says :  "  ^'ulgo  autem  Fcrith 
dicitur." 

PEARHEAD.  From  a  head  of  the  shape 
of  a  pear.  The  late  Louis-Philijipc  bore  a 
sobriquet  of  this  kind.     Perheved.     H.R. 

PEARL.  The  name  may  have  been  ap- 
plied metaphorically,  like  the  baptismal 
Marguerite  or  Margaret,  which  signifies  the 
same  thing. 

PE  ARMAK     A  grower  of  pears. 

PEARS.     PEARSE.     See  Peter. 

PEARSALL.  An  estate  in  co.  StalTord, 
now  written  Pearshall  or  Pershall.  The 
family  are  of  Norman  origin,  having  been 
founded,  at  the  place  referred  to,  by  Robert, 
a  follower  of  Robert  of  Stafford,  early  in 
the  reign  of  the  Conqueror.  He  was  son 
of  Gilbert,  son  of  Richard,  Count  of  Corbeil 
in  Normandy. 

PEARSON.     See  Pierson. 

PEART.  In  various  dialects  signifies 
lively  or  brisk,  and  is  so  used  by  several  old 
authors.  In  Sussex,  "  Peart  and  Lively  " 
is  a  common  appellation  given  to  a  pair  of 
oxen. 

PEARTRLjj].  Belongs  to  the  same  class 
as  Aj^pletree,  Plumtree,  &c.  At  Peretre  is 
a  good  H.R.  surname. 

PEASCOD.  This  name  seems  to  belong 
to  the  same  category  as  the  old  Roman 
Cicero,  Piso,  &c.  Or  it  may  have  originated 
in  the  rustic  customs  described  by  Halli- 
well. 

PEASE.  Anciently  Peaths,  a  remarkable 
ravine  or  dean  in  Roxburghshire, 

PEaT.  Is,  I  think,  sometimes  a  din\inu- 
tive  or  '  nurse-name '  of  Peter,  and  some- 
times a  local  name,  derived  from  the  original 
bearer's  residence  on  a  2^^^'ij  or  moorish 
ground.  The  name  in  the  latter  sense  is, 
therefore,  analogous  to  Heath,  Moss,  Moor, 
&c. 

PEATIE.  PEATTIE.  Mr.  Ferguson 
thinks 2J<:etiff,  2)etiff,  A-Sax.,  craftJ^ 

PEBODY.     See  Peabody. 

PECHE.  An  ancient  baronial  family, 
called  in  charters,  De  Peccato.  They  ap- 
pear as  early  as  the  reign  of  King  Stephen, 
and  they  were  doubtless  of  Norman  extrac- 
tion. They  were  of  prime  importance  in 
Kent,  temp.  Edw.  I. 

PECHELL.  This  family  were  for  many 
ages  established  at  Montauban  in  Langue- 


doc,  and  held  high  offices  of  state.  As 
Protestants,  they  assisted  in  placing  Henri 
Quartre  upon  the  throne,  but  upon  the  Re- 
vocation of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  by  Louis 
Quatorze,  M.  Samuel  Pechell  and  his  lady, 
la  Marquise  Thierry  de  Sabonniers.  became 
the  objects  of  severe  persecution.  M.  Pechell, 
after  having  suffered  extreme  penalties,  was 
at  length  embarked  like  a  common  felon 
for  the  French  plantations  in  the  West 
Indies.  Ultimately,  however,  he  escaped 
to  Jamaica,  and  thence  went  to  Ireland, 
where  he  entered  the  army  of  William  III, 
under  Marshal  Scliomberg.  Madame 
Pechell  fled,  in  the  first  instance,  to  Geneva, 
but  afterwards  succeeded  in  joining  her 
husband  in  Ireland,  with  their  only  son, 
Jacob,  the  direct'  ancestor  of  the  present 
baronet.  See-'Courthope's  Debrett.  The 
name  Peehel  was,  however,  known  at  a 
much  earlier  period  in  England,  as  it  is 
found  in  the  H.R.  of  temp.  Edward  I.  The 
meaning  of  it  does  not  appear 

PECK.  PECKE.  As  the  latinization 
De  Peccato  is  ajjplied  both  to  Peche  and 
to  Peck,  the  names  may  be  identical.     See 

.  Pack. 

PECKHAM.  The  ancient  family  so 
called,  derived  their  name  from  the  parish 
of  Peckham  in  Kent.  There  are  armorial 
grounds  for  supposing  that  they  sprang 
from  the  family  of  St.  Nicholas,  as  the  lat- 
ter are  presumed  to  have  done  from  the 
Norman  De  Says.  See  Curios,  of  Heraldi-y, 
p.  300.  Archbishop  Peckham,  who  died 
in  1272,  may  be  regarded  as  the  founder  of 
the  fortunes  of  a  family  which  ramified 
very  widely,  especially  in  Kent  and  Sussex. 
Tlie  member  of  it  who  made  a  deposition  in 
the  celebrated  Scrope  and  Grosvenor  con- 
troversy, wrote  himself  James  du  Pecham. 
Roll,  vol.  ii.  p.  435.  Peccam  is  an  older,  and 
Packham  a  more  recent,  spelling. 

PEDDER.  In  various  English  dialects 
signifies  a  Pedlar;  but  it  must  not  bo  re- 
garded as  a  corruption  of  that  word  ;  a  2Jc'd, 
in  the  eastern  counties,  means  a  species  of 
hamper  without  a  lid,  for  the  conveyance 
of  fish,  eggs,  chicken,  &c. ;  and  the  person 
who  traflics  in  such  small  articles  is  there- 
fore very  properly  styled  a  Pedder.  See 
Halliwell. 

PEDDIE.  Mr.  Ferguson  thinks  that  tliis 
word  is  a  derivative  of  the  old  Norse  ijcd, 
a  mannikin  or  dwarf,  and  to  the  same 
origin  he  assigns  Puddy,  Peede,  Put,  Peddle, 
and  several  other  not  very  intelligible 
names. 

PEDDLE.     See  Peddie. 

PEDLER.     The  same  as  Pedlar. 

PEDLAR.  An  itinerant  dealer  in  small 
wares. 

PEDRO.     The  Spanish  form  of  Peter. 

PEEBLES.  A  town  and  parish,  giving 
name  to  a  Scottish  shire. 

PEEDE.     See  Peddie. 

PEEK.     PEEKE.     See  Peak. 


PEN 


262 


which  old  Cotgrave  defines  as  "  a  little 
crack-rope,  young  slip-string,"  a  diminutive 
of  0.  Fr.  pendard,  "  a  gallow-clapper,  one 
for  whom  the  gallowes  longeth  !" 

PENFOLD.  A  pound  or  pen  for  sheep 
and  cattle,  sometimes  called  a  pin-fold  or 
pound-fold — a  manorial  prison  for  trespass- 
ing animals.     Atte  Puufald.  H.R. 

PENFOUND.  This  family,  who  are 
traced  eight  generations  be3-ond  the  year 
1620,  derived  their  name  from  the  estate  of 
Penfound  in  Poundstock,  co.  Cornwall. 
They  ruiued  themselves  by  their  adherence 
to  the  Stuarts,  from  the  time  of  Charles  I. 
to  "  the  fifteen,"  and  Ambrose  Penfound, 
who  alienated  the  estate  of  his  ancestors, 
died  at  Dartmouth  about  1764.  C.  S.  Gil- 
bert's Cornwall. 

PENGELLY.  An  estate  in  the  parish  of 
St.  Neot  in  Cornwall,  anciently  the  property 
of  the  family. 

PENHALLOW.  An  estate  in  Philleigh, 
CO.  Cornwall,  where  the  family  dwelt  from 
temp.  Edward  III.  till  the  middle  of  the 
XVIII.  cent.     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

PEN  HELLICK.     An  estate  in  the  parish 

of  St.  Clement's  in  Cornwall,  where  the 
elder  line  became  extinct  at  an  early  period. 
C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

PENHURST.  A  parish  in  Sussex,  which 
belonged,  in  the  XIV.  century,  to  an  armi- 
gerous  family  so  called. 

PENISTA]Sr.  Penniston,  a  town  and 
parish  in  Yorkshire. 

PENKEVIL.  PENKIVIL.  "The  manor 
or  barton  of  Penkevil  St.  Michael,  co.  Corn- 
wall, belonged,  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I., 
to  the  family  of  De  Wen,  from  whom  Hals 
supposes  it  to  have  passed  in  marriage  to 
the  Penkevils ;  it  is,  however,  quite  as  pro- 
bable that  the  property  remained  in  the 
same  family,  they  assuming  a  new  name 
from  the  place  of  their  abode.  They  flour- 
ished, says  Hals,  in  genteel  degree,  till  tlie 
reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth."  D.  Gilbert's 
Cornwall,  iii.  21-1:. 

PENLEY.     A  chapelrj  in  Flintshire. 

PENMAN.     A  scribe,  a  "  ready-writer." 

PENN".  Pen  is  a  Celtic  topographical 
word,  signifying  "  a  conical  top,  generally 
in  a  range  of  hills,  as  Peuchrise-^^c^/;,  Skelf- 
MW-jJen,  &c."  Jamieson.  But  there  are 
several  parishes,  &c.,  to  which  this  signifi- 
cation does  not  apply,  in  the  counties  of 
Buckingham  and  Stafford.  The  family  of 
William  Penn,  the  founder  of  Pennsylvania, 
derived  their  name,  at  an  early  period,  from 
Penn,  in  the  former  county. 

PENNANT.  A  parish  and  a  township 
in  Montgomeryshire.  The  family  are  traced 
to  the  celebrated  Tudor-Trevor,  Lord  of 
Hereford  and  Whittiugton. 

PENNECK.  A  Cornish  name  and  family. 
Local :  place  unknown. 

PENNELL.  Pennal,  a  parish  in  Meri- 
onethshire. 


PEN 

PENNEY.     See  Penny. 

PENNICK.     See  Penneck. 

PENNIGER.  Certainly  not  the  Latin 
'pennicjcr,  having  wings  ;  but  probably  from 
the  French  and  English  pennon^  a  standard 
or  banner  carried  in  war ;  a  standard-bearer. 
Apparently  another  form  of  penerarius,  an 
ensign-bearer.  One  John  Parient  was 
esquire  of  the  body,  and. penerarius,  to  King 
Richard  II.    Jacob's  Law  Diet. 

PENNINGTON.  A  parish  and  a  town- 
ship in  Lancashire,  and  a  tything  in  Hamp- 
shire. Gamel  de  Pennington,  who  derived  his 
name  from  the  first-mentioned  place,  is  said 
to  have  been  seated  at  Mulcaster,  co.  Cum- 
berland, at  the  time  of  the  Conquest. 
Courthope's  Debrett.  But  Hutchinson 
goes  much  further,  and  finds  the  family 
there  "  soon  after  the  Roman  accession!" 
Cumberland,  i.  565.  In  the  time  of  King 
John,  one  branch  of  the  family  took  the 
name  of  Mulcaster,  from  their  residence. 
Mulcaster,  now  Muncaster,  is  still  pos- 
sessed by  a  Pennington,  ennobled  as  Baron 
Jluncaster. 

Without  according  to  this  house  the 
honour  of  a  Roman  antiquity,  we  may  fairly 
claim  for  it  a  place  amongst  the  most  an- 
cientfamilies  of  these  realms,  as  ithas  main- 
tained an  uninterrupted  male  descent  for 
800  years.  The  perpetuity  of  the  name 
and  family  in  all  time  to  come,  is  guaranteed 
by  a  family  relic,  which  may  well  be  desig- 
nated an  heir-\oova. 

"  Sir  John  de  Pennington  was  steadily  at- 
tached to  the  unfortunate  Henry  VL,  and 
gave  him  a  secret  reception  at  Muncaster, 
in  his  flight  from  his  enemies.'  In  return,  the 
King  gave  him  a  curiously-wrought  glass 
cup,  with  this  blessing  to  the  family  ;  that 
they  should  ever  prosper,  and  never  want  a 
male  heir,  so  long  as  they  should  preserve  it 
unbroken,  which  the  superstition  of  those 
times  imagined  to  carry  good  fortune,  and 
called  it  the  LuCK  OF  MuNCASTEK.  Of 
this  glass  the  family  are  still  possessed." 
Baronetage. 

PENNOCK.     See  Pinnock. 

PENNY.  Probably  local.  INIany  places 
in  Scotland  are  compounded  with  this  word 
(whatever  it  may  mean),  as  Penuycross, 
Pennycuick,  Pennygown,  Penuimuir,  &c. 

PENNYFATHER.  A  term  of  reproach 
applied  to  a  miser  or  penurious  person. 
Nash  .speaks  of — 

"  Carterly  upstarts,  that  out-face  towTie  and  coun- 
trej'  in  their  velvets,  wlien  Sir  Eoivland  Russet-coat, 
tlieu-  dad,  goes  sagging  everie  day  in  his  round  gas- 
coynes  of  wliite  cotton,  and  hath  much  adoo  (poor 
pennie-father)  to  keep  his  unthrift  elbowes  in  repara- 
tions." 
Pierce  Pennilesse  his  Supplication  to  the  Devil,  1592. 

Boyer  defines  '  uu  riche  faquin  '  as  "  a 
rich  miser;  a  pennT/fathcr.''''  Diet.  1783. 
Cotgrave  englishes  the  0.  French  proverb. 
Aidant  despend  chicJie  pie  large,  (the  miser 
matches  the  unthrift  in  expense,)  by  the 
couplet : — 

"  The  liberall  doth  spend  his  pelfe  ; 
The  2>ennii/ather  wastes  himself." 

The  forms  of  the  name  in  H.R.  are  Peni- 
fader  and  Penifadir. 


PEL 


261 


PEN 


PEEL.  A  fortified  farm-house.  "  Within 

in)'  recollection,  almost  everj'  old  house  iu 
the  dales  of  Rede  and  T3'ne  was  what  is 
called  a  peel-house,  built  for  securing  the 
inhabitants  and  theircattlein  moss-trooping 
limes."  ArchcBologia  jEliana  i.  2-46.  Many 
of  these  border  houses  are  moated  for  better 
defence. 

"  The  habitations  of  the  church-feuars 
[those  who  held  lands  under  a  monastery] 
were  not  less  primitive  than  their  agricul- 
ture. In  each  village  or  town  were  several 
small  towers,  having  battlements  projecting 
over  the  side  walls,  and  usually  an  advanced 
angle  or  two,  with  shot-holes  for  flanliiug 
the  door-way,  which  was  always  defended 
by  a  strong  door  of  oak,  studded  with  nails, 
and  often  by  an  exterior  grated  door  of  iron. 
These  small  j)eel-lwiises  were  ordinarily  in- 
habited by  the  principal  feuars  and  their 
families."  Sir  W.  Scott.  The  Monastery, 
vol  i.  chap.  i. 

While  traversing  that  ancient  harrier,  the 
Roman  Wall,  with  my  friend  Dr. Bruce,  its 
historian  and  illustrator,  in  1855,  1  inci- 
dentally met  with  the  name  Harry  o'  the 
Peel,  the  bearer  of  which  I  ascertained  to 
be  Henry  Wilson ;  but  as  he  happened  to 
reside  in  a  jyeel-honse,  he  was  known  to 
most  of  his  neighbours  by  the  designation 
refeiTcd  to. 

PEELING.      An  estate  at  Westham,  co. 
Sussex. 


Unequalled :  referring  to 


PEERLESS. 

character. 

PEERS.     See  Piers  and  Peter. 

PEET.     See  Peat. 

PEGG.     PEGGS.     See  Pegge. 

PEGGE.  See  Female  Christian  Names. 
This,  however,  is  doubtful,  for  Peg,  unpre- 
fixed,  is  found  in  H.R.,  as  well  as  Pegg'  and 
Peggi. 

PEGRAM.  Possibly  a  corruption  of  Pil- 
grim. 

PEIL,  PEILE.  PEILL.  See  Peel. 
Jamieson  has,  "Pele,  Peyll,  Peill,  Peel, 
Paile,  a  place  of  strength,  a  fortification." 

PEIRCE.     See  Piers. 

PEIRCEY.     See  Percy. 

PEIRIE.     See  Pirie. 

PEIRSE.     See  Piers. 

PEIRSON.  The  son  of  Peter,  through 
Piers. 

PELHA.1M.  There  are,  in  Hertfordshire, 
three  parishes  so  denominated ;  namely, 
Pelham-Brent,  Pelhara-Stocking,  and  Pe!- 
ham-Furneaux.  From  one  of  these  the 
noble  family  originated,  "  where  anciently" 
says  Collins,  "was  a  castle.  It  also  appears 
that  the  pelicans,  the  arms  of  this  family, 
were  painted  in  the  church  of  Pelham." 
The  De  Pelhams  were  possessed  of  the 
estate,  in  the  age  immediately  succeeding 
the  Norman  Confjuest,  and  there  are  strong 
probabilities  of  their  having  been  descend- 
ants of  one  Ralph,  who  held  the  lordship 
in  the  time  of  Edward  the  Colifessor. 


PELL.  A  deep  standing  water,  appa- 
rently another  form  of  Pool. 

PELLATT.  Said  to  be  a  corruption  of 
the  baptismal  name  Ilijipolyte.  The  family 
of  this  name  are  of  long  standing  in  Sussex, 
occurring  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Steyning 
in  the  XIII.  cent. 

PELLEW.  Lord  Exmouth"s  family  are 
of  Cornish  origin.  The  name  seems  to  be 
a  variation  of  Bellew,  which  see. 

PEELING.  An  old  Sussex  name,  and 
probably  indigenous  to  that  county — per- 
hajis  the  same  as  Peeling. 

PELLS.     See  Pell. 

PELTER.     A  dealer  in  pelts^  peltry,  or 

skins. 

PELTON.     Peldon,  a  parish  in  Essex. 

PEMBER.  Perhaps  Pembury,  a  parish 
in  Kent. 

PEMBERTON.  A  chapelry  in  Lanca- 
shire. 

PEMBRIDGE.  A  parish  in  Hereford- 
shire. 

PEMBROKE.     The  Welsh  town. 

6^     PEN.       See    under    CORXISH     SUK- 
>;ajies. 

PENALMICKE.  A  barton  and  manor 
in  the  parish  of  Stithians,  "  which  place 
gave  name  and  original  to  an  old  family  of 
gentlemen,  from  thence  surnamed  De  Pen- 
almicke."  Hals,  iu  D.  Gilberfs  Corn- 
wall. 

PENALUNA.  A  Cornish  family.  The 
name  is  local,  but  the  place  is  not  known. 

PENCARROW.  An  estate  at  Egles- 
Hayle  in  Cornwall,  which  had  an  "old 
family  of  gentlemen"  of  its  own  name  as 
owners,  down  to  the  reign  of  Henry  VII. 
Hals,  in  D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

PENDAR.  Seated  at  Trevider  in 
Burian,  co.  Cornwall,  for  upwards  of  five 
centuries,  and  traditionally  of  the  same 
family  as  Peudre.  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Corn- 
wall. 

PENDARVES.  An  estate  in  the  parish 
of  Camborne  in  Cornwall,  the  seat  of  the 
family  at  an  early  period. 

PENDE.     Scot,  peiule.     An  archway. 

PENDENNIS.     A  castle  in  Cornwall. 

PENDER.     See  Pendre. 

PENDERGAST.     See  Prendergast. 

PENDLEBURY.  A  township  in  Lanca- 
shire. 

PENDLETON.  T\vo  townships  in  Lan- 
cashire are  so  called. 

PENDRE.  An  estate  in  St.  Burian,  co. 
Cornwall,  which  continued  to  be  the  chief 
abode  of  the  family  until  temp.  Henry  VI. 
C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

PENDRELL.  'Trusty  Dick'  and  his 
brothers,  when  they  saved  Charles  II.  in- 
Boscobel  Oak,  hardly  thought  themselves 
worthy  of  the  gallows  ;  yet  their  name  cer- 
tainly implies  as  much — viz.,  ijendereau, 


PEN 


263 


PER 


PENNYMAN.  In  old  Englisli  and  Scot- 
tish, penny  was  an  indefinite  designation  of 
money,  without  respect  to  its  value.  See 
Jamieson.  In  tlie  '^oxVcs.,  penny -master  was 
the  treasurer  of  a  town,  society,  or  corporate 
bod}',  and  there  are  simihir  expressions  in 
other  languages ;  for  instance,  in  Belgium,  a 
treasurer  or  receiver  is  known  as  penning- 
nnaester.  Now  master  and  man,  though 
antithetical  in  one  sense,  are  convertible 
terms  in  another,  and  I  am  of  opinion  that 
Penny-man  and  Penny-master  have  one 
and  the  same  meaning.  At  any  rate,  this 
appears  a  more  rational  origin  for  the  name 
than  that  assigned  in  B.L.G.  The  family, 
who  seem  really  to  be  traced  only  to  the 
year  1599,  are  asserted  to  be  of  Saxon 
origin  ;  and  the  name  is  said  to  have  been 
anciently  written  "Penna-jian,  signifying 
i\\Q  chief  head  man  V     Peniman.     H.R. 

PENNYSTONE.  The  extinct  baronet 
family,  Peuestone,  Peneystone,  or  Penny- 
stone,  of  Leigh,  deduced  their  descent  from 
Thomas  de  Penyston,  who  is  said  to  have 
flourished  at  Truro,  co.  Cornwall,  in  the 
reign  of  the  Conqueror. 

PENPONS.  An  estate  in  tlie  parish  of 
St.  Kew,  CO.  Cornwall,  formerly  the  pro- 
perty of  the  family. 

PENRICE.  1.  A  castle  and  manor,  an- 
ciently written  Pen-Rhys,  in  Glamorgan- 
shire, where  the  family  resided  in  early 
times.  2.  An  estate  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Austell,  CO.  Cornwall. 

PENRITH.  A  parish,  &c.,  in  Cumber- 
land. The  family  De  Penrith  seem  to  have 
been  resident  about  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
and  the  Scottish  border,  from  the  XII.  cent. 
to  the  XVIII.  In  the  meantime  the  name 
was  changed  by  corruption  to  Peareth.  See 
Peareth. 

PENROSE.  A  hamlet  near  the  Land's 
End  in  Cornwall,  possessed  by  the  family  in 
the  XV.  century,  and  doubtless  much  earlier. 
C.  S.  Gilbert's' Cornwall. 

PENRUDDOCKE.  The  family  first 
appear  at  Arkelby,  co.  Cumberland,  but  as 
there  is,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  that  place, 
in  the  parish  of  Greystock,  a  hamlet  so 
called,  they  are  presumed  to  have  originated 
there.  The  Encj-c.  Herald.,  however,  as- 
signs arms  to  a  family  of  this  name,  in  that 
land  of  Pens,  Cornwall,  and  so  there  may 
be  two  local  origins  and  distinct  families. 
Tlie  surname  has  long  been  associated  with 
Wiltshire  and  Hampshire. 

PENRY.     Welsh,  Ap-Heury,  the  son  of 

Henry. 
PENSAM.     Peiisliara,  a  hamlet  of  Per- 

shore  in  Worcestershire. 

PENSON.  A  corruption  of  Benson,  or 
of  Pension. 

PENSTON.  A  barony  and  village  in 
Haddingtonshire. 

PENTECOST.  See  Times  and  Seasons. 
Pentecost  and  Pentecoste.     H.R. 

PENTLAND.  An  ancient,  but  now  ex- 
tinct, parish  in  Edinburghshire. 


PENTON.     A  parish  in  Hampshire. 

PENWARNE.  An  estate  at  Mevagissey 
in  Cornwall,  and  another  at  Mawnan  in  the 
same  county,  where  the  family  seem  to 
have  been  established  soon  after  the  Con- 
quest.    C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

PEPLER.     PEPPLER.     SeePeplow. 

PEPLOE.     See  Peplow. 

PEPLOR.     See  Peplow. 

PEPLOW.  Evidently  a  local  name,  from 
whence,  apparently,  the  modifications  Pep- 
loe,  Pepler,  Peplor,  and  Peppier. 

PEPPER.  Said  to  be  a  corruption  of 
the  Norman  Pipard.  which  family  gave 
name  to  Rotherfield  Pipard,  Clyve  Pipard, 
and  other  manors  in  the  west  of  England. 
Peper,  Pepyr.     H.R. 

PEPPERCORNE  Doubtless  from  some 
feudal  custom,  connected  with  the  holding 
of  lands,  by  the  nominal  payment  called 
"  peppercorn -rent."     Pepercorn.     H.R. 

PEPPERELL.     See  Peverel. 

PEPPIN.  The  old  French  personal 
name  Pepin. 

PEPRILL.  Probably  from  Peperellus, 
a  latinized  form  of  Peverel. 

PEPWORTH.  A  corruption  of  Pap- 
worth. 

PEPYS.  Pepis  in  H.R.  shews  the  name 
to  be  ancient,  in  nearly  its  present  form. 
The  etymon  has  not  occurred  to  me. 

PERCEVAL.     See  Percival. 

PERCHE.  A  district  of  the  south  of 
Normandy,  and  extending  into  Orleanois. 

PERCIVAL.  Camden  places  this  among 
baptismal  names.  The  Earl  of  Egmont 
claims  to  be  descended  from  a  family  who 
were  seated  at  Weston-Gordeyn,  in  Somer- 
setshire, in  the  reign  of  Richard  Co2ur  de 
Lion.  The  original  Percival  was  a  cadet  of 
the  great  Norman  family  of  Yvery.  See 
Gen.  Hist,  of  House  of  Yvery,  privately 
printed  in  1742. 

PERCY.  William  de  Perci,  who,  with 
his  brother  Serlo,  assisted  in  the  Conquest 
of  England,  appears  in  Domesday  as  tenant 
in  capite  in  many  counties,  especially  in 
those  of  York  and  Lincoln.  Perci  is  the 
name  of  a  parish  and  canton  near  St.  Lo,  in 
Normandy,  the  ancient  fief  of  the  family. 
Dugdale  traces  the  pedigree  of  William  de 
Percy  up  to  the  Northman  ]\Iainfi-ed,  who 
settled  in  Neustria  (Normandy)  before  the 
cession  of  that  province  to  Rollo. 

A  popular  tradition  accounts  otherwise 
for  the  origin  of  this  illustrious  historical 
surname.  It  asserts  that  Malcolm,  King  of 
Scotland,  having  besieged  the  castle  of 
Alnwick,  demanded  seisin  of  that  fortress 
by  the  surrender  of  the  keys.  The  governor 
of  the  castle  so  managed  matters,  that,  in 
delivering  the  keys  at  the  end  of  a  lance,  he 
pierced  the  monarch's  eye  and  caused  his 
death.  Hence  he  acquired  the  surname  of 
"  Pierce-Eye,"  which,  by  the  omission  of 


PES 


264 


PET 


several  useless  vowels,  ultimately  became 
Percy !  See  Brace's  Bayeux  Tapestry, 
p.  64. 

PEREGRINE.     The  personal  name. 

PEREIRA.  A  Portugueze  name  natural- 
ized in  London. 

PERFECT.  Apparently  refers  to  cha- 
racter. 

PERIGOE.  From  the  city  of  Perigueux 
in  Guienne.  The  family  came  into  Eng- 
land in  consequence  of  the  Revocation  of 
the  Edict  of  Nantes. 

PERK.       PERKS.       PERKES.       See 

Peter. 

PERKIN.     PERKINS.     See  Peter. 

PERO"\VNE.  A  French  Protestant 
family,  who  fled  hither  at  the  Revocation  of 
the  Edict  of  Nantes,  and  settled  at  Nor- 
wich, where  some  of  the  branches  are  still 
resident.  The  name  is  variously  spelt  in 
old  registers,  and  it  seems  uncertain 
whether  its  original  form  was  Perron,  Per- 
rone,  or  Peronne;  if  the  last,  it  was  proba- 
blj'  derived  from  the  French  town  so  called. 
luf  Rev.  J.  J.  S.  Perowne. 

PERREN.  PERRIN.  A  French  sur- 
name of  uncertain  derivation. 

PERRET.    PERRETT.     PERRATT. 

A  Fi-ench  diminutive  of  Pierre,  Peter. 

PERRIER.  An  ancient  and  noble  family 
of  Brittany,  traced  in  tlie  archives  of  the 
College  Heraldique  at  Paris,  to  the  tentli 
century,  and  to  the  ancient  dukes  and 
princes  of  that  province.  The  first  of  tlie 
name  who  settled  in  Ireland,  was  Mark  du 
Perrier,  who  expatriated  himself  at  the 
Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  1G85. 
B.L.G.  The  surname  is  perhaps  a  corrup- 
tion of  poirier,  a  pear-tree,  and  so  analogous 
to  Appletree,  Plumtree,  kc.  De  la  Perere, 
Del  Perer.     H.R. 

PERROT.  Pierot,  Pierre,  Peter.  Prince 
Edward  used  to  call  the  favourite.  Pierce  or 
Peter  de  Gaveston,  Pc?vt.  See  N.  and  Q. 
vii.  280. 

PERRY.  1.  A  narrowed  pronimciation 
of  Parry,  Ap-Harry.  2.  Amongst  the  tenants 
in  capite  in  co.  Hants,  at  the  making  of 
Domesday,  was  one  "  Pt:rct  forestariiis.''' 
Pery.     H.R. 

FERRYMAN.  Probaljly  a  maker  of 
perry.  The  name  is  as  old  as  temp.  Edw.  I. 
Peryman.     H.R. 

PERT.  A  commune  in  the  arrondisse- 
ment  of  Bayeux  in  Normandy. 

PESCODD.     See  Peascod. 
PESCOTT.     See  Peascod. 

PESHALL.  The  pedioree  is  traced  to 
Sir  Richard  de  Peshall,  sheriff  of  Stafford- 
shire, 7.  Edward  III.  Pershall  is  a  town- 
ship in  that  county. 

PESKETT.     A  corruption  of  Peascod. 


PESSONER.    In  medieval  Latin, peMoria 

signifies  acorns  or  mast,  and  the  original 
Le  Pessoner  was  probably  a  collector  of 
such  food  for  swine. 

tifM"  PET.  A  provincial  corruption  of  7;ii  ; 
and  hence,  probably,  the  true  forms  of 
such  surnames  as  Pethurst,  Petford, 
Petley,  would  be  Pithurst,  Pitford, 
Pitley. 

PET.     Pett,  a  parish  in  Sussex. 

PETCII.     The  same  as  Peche. 

PETCIIEY,     See  Peachey. 

PETER.  The  Christian  name,  introduced 
here  at  the  Conquest.  It  has  become  the 
parent  of  many  surnames,  as  Peters,  Peter- 
son, Piers,  Pierce,  Pearse,  Pearce,  Pears, 
Peers,  Pierson,  Pearson,  Peterken,  Perkin, 
Perkins,  Purkess  and  Purkis,  Perk,  Pyrke, 
Perks,  Perkes,  Park,  Parks,  Parkes,  Par- 
kin, Parkyn,  Parkins,  Parkinson,  and 
perhaps  Person  and  Parsons. 

This  name  was  sometimes  written  Petre, 
as,  anciently,  by  the  Petres,  or  Peters,  of  Torn 
Newton,  co.  Devon.  Their  descendants  at 
Harlyn,  co.  Cornwall,  and  other  places  in 
that  county,  wrote  themselves  Peter,  but 
another  branch  (Lord  Petre"s)  have  always 
written  Petre. 

PETERKEN.     See  Peter. 

PETER]\IAN.  An  eastern-counties  pro- 
vincialism for  fisliei'man,  probably  with 
reference  to  St.  Peter's  original  occupation. 
But  Bailey  defines  it  as  "  one  who  fishes  in 
the  river  of  Thames  with  an  unlawful  en- 
gine." The  similar  name  Petermann  is  a 
modern  introduction  from  German}',  and  is 
defined  as  "  a  person  with  the  name  of 
Peter;  also  a  fish — the  John  Dory."  Noeh- 
den's  Diet.,  where  we  find  the  English  word 
peterman  given  as  the  equivalent  oi  fiscli- 
dieh,  "fish-thief" 

PETERMANN.     See  under  Peterman. 
PETERS.     See  Peter. 
PETERSON.     See  Peter. 

PETET,  This  family  are  known  to  have 
flourished  at  Ardevora,  co.  Cornwall,  as 
early  as  the  time  of  Henry  I.,  and  to  have 
had  a  succession  of  six  knights.  The  name 
was  anciently  written  De  Petyt,  and  it  must 
therefore  be  local.  See  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Corn- 
Avall. 

PETHER.  PETHERS.  Probably  an 
ancient  personal  name,  and  its  genitive ; 
whence  also  the  local  surnames  Petherham, 
Pethcrbridge,  and  tlie  names  Petherick, 
Petherton,  Petherwin,  kc. 

PETHERB RIDGE.     See  Pether. 
PETHERHAM.     See  Pether. 

PETHICK.     A  contraction  of  Petherick, 

a  parish  in  Cornwall. 

PETICOTE.     See  Pettycoat. 

PETIFER.  0.¥v.  petite  ^w&  fere,  "the 
little  wild  beast;"  doubtless  an  early  sobri- 
quet, analogous  to  Level,  Purcell,  &c.  This 


PEV 


265 


PHA 


name  lias  been  corrupted  to  Petipher,  and, 
by  the  change  of  a  single  vowel  only,  it  has 
been  assimilated  to  Pharoah's  captain  oftlie 
guard,  and  made  Potiphar. 

PETIPHER.     See  Petifer. 

PETIT.     Fr.  Le  Petit  ;  from  diminutive 

size ;  a  verj'  common  sobriquet  in  Norman 

and  subsequent  times. 

"  Petit's  a  race,  whose  generous  fount  begun 
From  Britain's  first  great  Norraan's  I'ising  sun  ; 

*******  ;^  ^ 

Tile  long  descent  from  such  a  native  claim 
AVortliies  enrolled  in  that  long  list  of  fanie, 
Lodged  in  their  mouldered  monuments  so  old, 
That  they  are  scarce  less  dust  than  what  they 
hold." 
Futieral  Poem  for  Clement  Petit,  Esq.,  of  the  Isle  of 
Thanet,  by  E.  Settle,  1717. 

Le  Petit  is  still  a  common  Norman  sur- 
name. 

PETO.  From  Poitou  in  France.  Picta- 
vensis.  See  Dugdale's  Warwickshire, 
Pedigree  of  Peto. 

PETRE.  The  Petres  rose  to  eminence 
on  the  ruins  of  the  monasteries,  under 
Henry  VIII.  The  name  is  apparentl}'  a 
variation  of  Peter,  the  Christian  name.  See 
Peter. 

PETT.  A  parish  in  Sussex  ;  also  a  pro- 
vincialism for  2?  it. 

PETTENGER.  The  same  as  Pottinger 
— an  apothecary. 

PETTEPHER.     See  Petifer. 

PETTER.  FETTERS.  Mispronuncia- 
tions of  Peter  and  Peters. 

PETTET.     As  Petit. 

PETTIGREW.  Palsgrave  lias  "Pe/y- 
greive"  genealogy ;  but  the  name  is  in  reality 
derived  from  tlie  manor  of  Pettigrew,  near 
Gerans,  in  Cornwall. 

PETTINGAL.  1.  Portingal  is  an  old 
name  for  a  Portuguese,  or  native  of  Portu- 
gal, and  this  has  perhaps  been  corrupted 
from  it.  2.  I  find  in  the  H.R.  the  name 
Petinicul,  which  looks  like  "Petit  Nicole," 
"  Little  Nicolas."  It  may  therefore  be  a 
member  of  that  veiy  curious  class  to  which 
belong  Grosjean,  Littlejohn,  Petitpierre,  &c. 

PETTIT.     PETTETT.     See  Petit. 

PETTY,     Fr. petit     Little,  diminutive. 

PETTYCOAT.  See  Peticote.  It  may, 
however,  have  reference  to  costume.  In 
some  dialects  the  word  means  a  waistcoat. 

PEVENSEY.  A  town  and  Cinque-port 
in  Sussex — the  site  of  the  Roman  station 
Anderida.  The  arms  of  the  family,  a/i 
Eagle  displayed,  seem  to  shew  their  deriva- 
tion from  the  great  Norman  house  of  De 
Aquila,  feudal  lords  of  I'evensey  in  the 
XII.  and  XIII.  centuries,  from  whom 
the  barony  received  the  designation  of 
'•  the  Honour  of  the  Eagle." 

PEVEREL.       William    Peverel    was   a 

natural  son  of  William  the  Conqueror,  who 

entered  England  at  the  Conquest,  and  re- 

2  ai 


ceived,  as  his  share  of  the  subjugated  coun- 
try, one  hundred  and  sixty-two  manors, 
many  of  which  were  in  the  counties  of 
Nottingham  and  Derby.  The  surname  ap- 
pears not  to  be  local.  I  know  of  no  place 
so  called  in  Normandy ;  nor  do  we  meet 
with  any  instance  of  its  being  prefixed  by 
De.  In  Domesday  Book  it  is  continually 
spelt  Piperellus — "  Terra  Ranulphi  Pipe- 
relli."  Mr.  Planche  (Journal  of  Arch.  Assoc. 
viii.  19G)  conjectures  that  it  had  a  personal 
siguification ;  and  that  "  it  is  a  corruption  of 
Puerulus,  wliich  is  almost  identical  with 
Peuerellus,  as  we  find  it  wri  tten  in  the  Anglo- 
Norman  Pipe  and  Plea  Rolls.  The  u  being 
pronounced  v  is  now  stigmatized  as  '  cock- 
ney.' It  may,  in  those  daj^s,  particularly 
by  Frenchmen,  have  been  considered  cor- 
rect." If  this  ingenious  etymology  be  true, 
the  old  surname  Littleboys,  borne  by  a 
gentry  family  formerly  resident  at  Wick- 
ham,  CO.  Bucks,  and  Ashburuham,  co. 
Sussex,  may  be  a  literal  translation  of  this 
great  baronial  appellative. 

This  family  ramified  so  extensiA'ely,  that 
nearly  forty  armorial  coats  are  assigned  to 
the  A^arious  branches  of  it.  See  Burke's 
Armory. 

PEVERLEY.  A  corruption  of  Beverley. 

PEW.     A  mis-spelling  of  Pugli. 

PEWSEY.     See  Pusey. 

PEWTER.  A  contraction  of  Pewterer, 
a  worker  in  that  metal — a  XIV.  cent,  sur- 
name. 

PEWTRESS.      A     female     worker    in 

pewter  ? 

PEYTOiSr  According  to  Camden,  the 
Peytons  have  a  common  descent  with  the 
Uffords,  afterwards  Earls  of  Suffolk,  from 
the  great  baron  William  Mallet,  who  came 
hither  at  the  Conquest.  The  first  of  the 
family  who  assumed  the  surname  was 
Reginald  de  Peyton,  lord  of  Peyton  in  the 
parish  of  Boxford,  co.  Suffolk,  in  which 
county,  at  Isleham,  in  later  centuries,  his 
descendants  were  very  eminent.  In  medie- 
val charters,  this  surname  was  latinized  De 
Pavilliano  and  Pietonus. 

PIIAIRE.  PHAIRS.  Fare,  or  Pbair,  is 
a  Gaelic  personal  name,  and  Mac  Fare  is 
still  found  in  the  Highlands.  The  family 
Avere  introduced  into  Ireland  temp.  Oliver 
CromAvell,  by  Colonel  Robert  Phaj're. 

PHARE.     See  Phaire. 

PHARAOH.  This  name  is  borne  by  a 
Gipsy  tribe,  who  believe  themselves  repre- 
sentatives of  the  great  Egyptian  dynasty  ! 
Mr.  Ferguson  remarks :  "  I  remember 
meeting  with  it  in  a  secluded  nook  of  the 
Lake  district,  and  wondering  much  how  the 
king  of  Egypt  had  found  his  way  into  our 
quiet  valleys.  But  releasing  the  name  from 
the  associations  of  the  spelling,  it  is  nothing 
more  than  the  old  German  name  Faro." 
This  our  ingenious  author  connects  with 
the  A- Sax. /«?■«,  and  0.  Norse  fari,  a  tra- 
veller— not,  after  all,  a  bad  name  for  a 
nomade  of  Gipsy  blood, 


PHY 

PHAROAH.     The  same  as  Pharaoh. 

PHARRISEE.  A  sobriquet  applied  to  a 
sanctimonious  person.     E.G.  16. 

PHAYER.     See  Phaire. 

PHEASANT.  The  bird;  unless,  indeed, 
it  may  be  a  corruption  of  the  Fr.  imysan, 
Eng.  peasant. 

PHEBY.  Phcebe.  See  Female  Chris- 
tian Names. 

PHELIPS.     A  corruption  of  Philips. 

PHELP.  PHELPS.  See  Philip,  which 
was  often  written  Phelype. 

PHILCOX.     A  diminutive  of  Philip. 

PHILBIORE.     See  Filmore. 

PHILIP.  The  baptismal  name.  Like 
other  scripture  designations,  this  was  in- 
troduced at  the  Norman  Conquest.  In 
succeeding  centuries  it  became  the  parent 
of  several  others,  such  as  Philips,  Phillips, 
Phillipps,  Philipson,  Philp,  Philps,  Plielp, 
Phelps,  Phipp,  Phipps,  Phipson,  Phippen, 
Phillot,  Philpott,  Philpotts,  Philcox,  Phi- 
lippo,  Phillopson,  Filkiu,  Philippe,  &c.  It 
is  probable,  however,  that  some  of  these 
forms,  though  derived  from  Philip  origin- 
ally, have  come  to  us  in  later  times  from 
continental  nations. 

PHILIPPE.     See  Philip. 

PHELIPPO.     See  Philip. 

PHILIPSON.      PHILLIPSON.      The 

son  of  Philip.  The  Philipsons  of  Thirlwall, 
CO.  Northumberland,  were  a  younger  branch 
of  the  family  of  Thirlwall,  descended  from 
PMlri)  Thirlwall.  Slogans  of  theN.  of  Eng. 
p.  26. 

PHILLIMORE.     See  Filmore. 

PHILLIPPS.     See  Philip. 

PHILLIPS.  See  Philip.  More  than 
200  traders  of  this  name  are  found  in  the 
Lond.  Direct. 

PHILLOPSON.  A  corruption  of  Phi- 
lipson. 

PHILLOT.     See  Philip. 

PHILP.     PHILPS.     See  Philip. 

PHILPOTT.  PHILPOTTS.  See 
Philiix 

PHIN.  A  Gaelic  personal  name.  Mac 
Phinn,  or  Mac  Finn,  is  still  found  in  the 
Highlands. 

PIIIPP.     PHIPPS.     See  Philip. 

PHIPPEN.     See  Philip. 

PHIPSON.    See  Philip. 

PHCENIX.  Most  likely  from  Fenwick, 
the  fine  old  border  family.  The  crest  of 
that  family  is  "a  phanix  issuant  from 
flames." 

PHYSICK.  Possibly  from  Lefisick,  a 
place  in  St.  Austell,  co.  Cornwall,  by  drop- 
ping tlie  ip,  under  the  mistaken  notion  that 
it  was  the  French  particle,  and  then  assi- 


266  PIC 


milating  the  orthography  to  that  of  a  wcll- 
knoAvn  word. 

PIAZZA.  It  aj>pears  from  the  baptismal 
registers  of  the  parish  of  St.  Paul,  Coven  t 
Garden,  during  the  reigns  of  Charles  II., 
James  II.,  William  III.,  and  even  latei", 
that  Piazza  was  a  favourite  name  for  parish 
children.  These  records  abound  with  Peter 
Piazza,  Paul  Piazza,  Mary  Piazza,  &c. 
They  were  probably  foundlings,  the  name 
indicating  the  place  of  their  exposure. 

PICARD.  PICKARD.  A  native  of 
Picardy.  Pikard,  Pikart.  H.R.  One  of 
this  name  changed  it,  at  the  command  of 
Edw.  IV.,  to  Ruddle,  the  place  of  his  birth. 
Camden. 

PICKER.     An  old  Avord  for  a  pilferer,  or 

l^etty  thief. 

PICKERELL.  A  diminutive  of  pike,  the 
iish.     Pikerel.     H.R. 

PICKERING.  A  market  town  in  the 
N.  It.  of  Yorkshire.  The  name  is  widely 
spread  over  many  counties,  and  there  are 
about  twenty  coats  assigned  to  it. 

PICKERSGILL.  Local:  "the  gill  or 
rivulet  inhabited  by  pikes  or  pickerell  ?" 

PICKERT.     The  same  as  Picard. 


A    known    corruption    of 


PICKETT. 

Pigott. 

PICKFORD.  I  do  not  find  this  local 
name  in  the  Gazetteer,  but  it  is,  no  doubt, 
the  same  as  Pitchford  in  Shropshire.  In 
the  Eotuli  Hundredorum  of  the  county 
tlie  possessor  of  that  estate,  sjjelt  Picheford, 
is  styled  Sir  John  de  Picford  (Domino 
Johanni  de  Picford.) 

PICKLE.  PICKLES.  Pikel  and  PIkele 
occur  in  H.R.  as  unprefixed  surnames, 
with  the  origin  of  which  I  am  unac- 
quainted. 

PICKMAN.  1.  A  pike-man;  foot  sol- 
dier. Tlie  arms  contain  pole-axes.  2.  A 
man  who  draws  up  coals  from  a  mine  in 
'  picks  '  or  baskets.     Cheshire. 

PICKNELL.  PICKNOLL.  Pucknoll, 
a  parish  in  co.  Dorset. 

PICKWICK.  This  name  is  no  fabrica- 
tion of  our  great  Novelist;  and  indeed  very 
few  of  his  names,  however  happy,  however 
ludicrous,  are  so.  I  have  noticed  a  large 
2)roportion  of  them  on  actual  signboards  in 
his  own  native  county  of  Kent.  At  Folkes- 
ton  there  is,  or  at  least,  there  recently  was, 
a  veritable  Mark  Tapley — one  too  who  had 
been  to  America !  Although  Pickwick  does 
not  occur  in  our  Gazetteer,  it  appears  that  a 
locality  in  "Wiltshire  formerly  gave  name  to 
a  familj'  called  De  Pikewike.  In  the  reign 
of  Edward  I.,  saith  my  record,  one  "William 
de  Pikewike,  like  his  immortal  namesake, 
found  himself  within  the  walls  of  a  prison — - 
I  am  sorry  to  say,  for  felony ;  \)\\t  as  the 
ofi'euce  was  compromised  for  eight  shillings, 
we  may  presume  that  it  was  not  a  very 
enormous  one. — Rotuli  Hundredorum,  vol. 
ii.,  page  273. 


PIE 


267 


PIL 


PICK  WORTH.  Parishes  in  cos.  Rutland 
and  Lincoln.  Three  distinct  coats  assigned 
to  the  name  are  alkisive,  containing  respec- 
tively mill-iDicks,  pick-axes,  and  pikes ! 

PICOT.     See  with  Pigott. 

PICTON.  PICKTOX.  Townships  in 
cos.  Chester  and  York. 

PIDCOCK.  1.  Doubtless  the  diminutive 
of  some  Christian  name — perhaps  of  Peter, 
thus  : — Peter,  Pete,  Petecock,  Pidcock. 
B.L.G.  asserts  that  "the  surname  is  derived 
from  the  armorial  bearing  of  the  family,  a 
pled  cock."  As  it  happens,  however,  the 
cock  is  not  pied,  but  simply  parted  per  fesse, 
Or  and  Argent.     2.  See  Pidd. 

PIDD.  Probably  the  A-Sax.  personal 
name  Peada,  borne  by  the  first  Christian 
King  of  Mercia.  From  this  seems  to  have 
sprung  the  patronymical  Pidding,  with  its 
compounds  in  local  names,  such  as  Pid- 
dinghoe,  Piddington.  I  do  not  see  the 
name  in  the  form  of  Pid  in  the  XIV.  cent., 
otherwise  Pidcock  and  Piddock  might  be 
further  derivatives. 

PIDDING.     See  Pidd. 

PIDDIXGTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Oxford 
and  Northampton. 

PIODLESDEX.  A  corruption  of  Pitles- 
den.     It  is  sometime  contracted  to  Piddle. 

PIDDOCK.     See  Pldd. 

PIERCEY.     See  Piercy. 

PIERCr.     The  saiiie  as  Percy. 

PIERPOINT.     PIERREPONT.      Not 

from  Pierrepont,  in  the  arrondissement  of 
Coutances,  in  Normandy,  as  stated  by  De 
Gerville,  in  Mem.  Soc.  Antiq.  Norm.,  1S2.5; 
but  from  the  castle  of  that  name,  on  the 
southern  borders  of  Picardy  aud  diocese  of 
Laon,  which  continued  in  the  family  down 
to  the  time  of  Pdchard  I.  That  the  name 
was  introduced  at  the  Conquest,  is  clear  from 
Domesday  Book,  which  mentions  Robert 
aud  Godfrey  de  P.  as  holding  of  the  cele- 
brated William  de  Warenne,  several  lord- 
ships in  Sussex  and  Suffolk.  Collins.  The 
French  genealogy  of  the  family  makes 
Robert  one  of  the  Conqueror's  lieutenant- 
generals.  He  gave  the  suffix  to  Hurst- 
Pierpoint,  co.  Sussex.  The  name  is  uni- 
formly latinized  by  'De  Petro-Poute,' and 
is  equivalent  to  our  indigenous  Stanbridge, 
or  Stouebridge. 

A  later  introduction  of  the  name  occurred 
after  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 
In  1687,  John  and  Henry  Pierrepoiut  ar- 
rived in  London  from  Normandy,  aged  re- 
spectivelj'  20  and  19,  and  joined  the  English 
arm}'  as  troopers,  probably  as  officers.  Inf. 
J.  S.  Burn,  Esq. 

PIERS.     PIERCE.     Fr.  Pierre,   Peter. 

Piers  Plowman,  the  well-known  Dreamer 
of  the  Malvern  Hills,  was  no  other  than 
'  Peter  the  Ploughman.' 

"  Thom  T}Ti!cer,  and  Betrys  Belle, 
Peyrs  Potter,  and  Watt  at  the  Well." 

Coventry  Mysteries,  XV.  cent. 


PIERSON.     The  son  of  Piers  or  Peter. 

PIESSE.  The  family  came  into  England 
soon  after  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of 
Nantes,  and  bore  chiefly  the  Christian  names 
of  Louis  and  Charles.  They  have  a  tradi- 
tion that  the  name  was  derived  from  the 
order  of  knighthood,  created  in  1 5G0  by  Pope 
Pius  IV.,  and  called  corruptly  Pies  or  Piesse 
in  Brittany,  from  which  province  the 
Piesses  of  England  are  believed  to  have 
come. 

PIG.     See  Pigg. 

PIGEON.  PIDGEON.  The  bird.  The 
analogous  surnames  Columbus,  Colombe, 
Dove,  Taube,  Dow,  Doo,  &c.,  are  found  in 
various  languages. 

PIGG.     See  under  Boar  and  Purcell. 

PIGMAN.  1.  A  dealer  in  pigs.  See  anec- 
dote in  Eng.  Surn.  i.,  39.  2.  A  seller  of 
crockery.  Jamieson.  Quasi  piffffi7i-man  ;  a 
piggin  being  a  small  vessel  of  wood  or  earth. 
3.  A  corruption  of  pike-man. 

PIGGOT.     See  Pigot. 

PIGOT.  PIGOTT.  O.  Fr.  picote,  the 
small-pox;  plcofe,  pock-marked  or  freckled. 
This  is  Camden's  derivation,  and  I  can  find 
none  that  is  less  objectionable,  for  this  widely 
diffused  and  very  ancient  name,  to  which 
our  heraldric  dictionaries  assign  above  thirty 
different  coats.  The  Pigotts  of  Edgmond, 
CO.  Salop,  sprang  from  Prestbury,  co. 
Chester,  in  the  XIV.  century. 

Picot  was,  however,  an  ancient  personal 
name.  One  Picot  was  a  tenant  in  chief  in 
Hampshire,  and  a  Picot  de  Grentebrige  held 
a  similar  positiou  in  Cambridgeshire. 

PIGRUM.     A  corruption  of  Pilgrim. 

PIKE.  1.  Less  likely  from  the  fish  than 
from  the  weapon,  the  bearer  of  which  may 
have  been  so  named.  See  Lance.  2.  A 
2Dointed  hill,  as  Langdale  Pike. 

PIKEMAN.  A  soldier — one  who  carried 
a  pike ;  analogous  to  Spearman. 

PILBEAM.  A  species  of  tree  which  I 
cannot  identify,  probably  so  named  from 
its  suitableness  for  the  shaft  of  a  spear ; 
A- Sax.  pi/l.  I  have  not  met  with  this  name 
out  of  the  county  of  Sussex,  where  it  i3 
sometimes  pronounced  Pilbin. 

PILBIN.     See  Pilbcam. 

PILCHARD.  Perhaps  from  the  fish, 
upon  the  same  principle  as  Herring,  &c. ; 
but  more  likely  a  corruption  of  Pilcher,  the 
occupation. 

PILCHER.  A  pylch  was  a  medieval  gar- 
ment, made  of  fur  (pcllis).  The  word  is 
Chaucerian,  and  it  also  occurs  in  Caxton's 
Reynard  the  Fox.  Reynard,  having  turned 
hermit,  is  represented  as  wearing  "':\.  pylclie 
and  an  heren  sherte  (a  hair  shirt)  there- 
under." Cap.  V.  A  Pilcher  was  a  maker 
of  the  article.  Pilcher,  Pilchere,  Le 
Pilecher.     II.R. 

PILE.  The  same  as  Peel — a  small  tower. 
Halliwell. 


PIN 


268 


PIN 


PILGRIM.  A  frequenter  of  holy  shrines. 
See  Pahner.      Pilegrim,  Pilgrj'm.     H.R. 

PILKINGTON.  A  township  in  Lanca- 
shire, the  possession  of  this  "right  ancient 
family,  gentlemen  of  repute  heforethe  Con- 
quest." Fuller's  Worthies.  The  estate  re- 
mained in  their  hands,  until  Sir  Thos.  Pil- 
kington  took  part  against  Henry  VII.,  and 
was  killed,  together  with  three  otlier  knights 
of  his  name  and  family,  on  the  side  of 
Eichard  III.,  at  Bosworth  Field.  The  Pil- 
kingtons  of  Yorkshire,  and  of  Westmeath  in 
Ireland,  are  cadets  of  this  ancient  and 
knightly  house.  See  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men. 

According  to  Fuller,  the  Saxon  head  of 
this  family,  at  the  Norman  invasion,  hid 
himself  in  a  ham  in  the  disguise  of  a 
thresher.  "  Hereupon,"  says  our  n'Oiiluj 
historian,  "  partly  alluding  to  the  head  of 
the  flail  (falling  sometime  on  the  one  side, 
sometime  on  the  other  side) ;  partly  to 
himself,  embi'acing  the  safest  condition  for 
the  present,  he  gave  for  the  motto  of 
his  arms,  now  thus,  now  thus."  The 
crest  of  the  family  is  a  "  Mower  of  parti- 
colours.  Argent  and  Gules  "  (Shirley) ;  but 
Kimber  says,  "a  Rustick  holding  a  Scythe, 
parted  per  fesse.  Argent  and  Sable."  This 
is  also  supposed  to  allude  to  some  disguise 
after  a  decisive  combat,  said  to  be  (he  battle 
of  Hastings,  but  Mr.  Shirley  thinks  the  re- 
ference more  likely  to  be  to  Bosworth  Field. 

PILL  I .  Probably  the  same  as  Peel. 
2.  Pylle,  a  parish  in  Somersetshire.  3.  A 
small  creek.     See  Leland,  Itin.  iii.,  29. 

PILLAR.  R.G.,  16.  H.R.,  Atte  pilere, 
"  at  the  pillar." 

PILOT.     The  occupation. 

PIIiSWORTH.  A  township  in  Lanca- 
shire. 

PILTOK  Parishes  In  cos.  Rutland, 
Somerset,  Devon,  and  Northampton. 

PINCERNA.  Low  Latin  for  butler,  or 
cup-bearer;  qui  vinum  convivis  miscet, 
a  Grffic.  TTii'tiv  Ktpva,  Ducange.  See  Butler 
and  Botiler. 

Walter  Mapes,  who  wrote  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  II.,  uses  the  word  : — 

"  Jlihi  sapit  dulcius  Wnuni  in  tabei'na, 
Quam  quod  aqua  miscuit  prresulis  j^incerna." 

PINCH.  PINCHES.  PINCHIN.  This 
group  probably  have  their  origin  in  some 
ancient  personal  name. 

PINCHBECK.  A  parish  in  Lincolnshire. 
The  surname  Pincebcck  is  said  to  occur  in 
thatcounty  in  the  XI,  cent.  See  Eng.  Surn.  i. 
27;  though  the  document  there  quoted  is  of 
questionable  authenticity. 

PINCKNEY.     See  Pinkney. 

PINCOMBE.     See  Combe. 

PINDAR.  PINDER.  To  pind  Is  to 
impound  an  animal,  and  a  Pinder  is  a  petty 
manorial  officer,  whose  duty  is  to  shut  uj) 
strange  cattle  straying  upon  tlie  common 
pasture.  The  Nominale  M.S.  has  '' Inchisor, 
a  pynder."     Halliw.     Le  Finder.     H.R. 


PINE.     From  residence  near  a  lofty  tree 

of  the  s])ecies. 

PINFOLD.     See  Penfold. 

PINK.  A  northern  provincialism  signi- 
fying small. 

PINKERTON.     We  search  In  vain  the 

Gazetteers  of  England  and  of  Scotland,  for 
any  locality  bearing  this  designation ;  yet 
the  surname  is  local,  being  a  corruption  of 
the  Punchardon,  or  Pincherdon,  of  the  so- 
called  Battel  Abbey  Roll,  and  the  Ponte- 
Cardon  of  Domesday  Book,  which  is  derived 
from  the  place  now  known  asPont-Chardon, 
near  Argentan,  in  Normandy.  The  name 
passed  early  into  Scotland,  and  in  Ragman 
Roll,  A.D.  129G,  it  is  written  Pynkerton. 
It  is  uncommon  in  England,  but  more  fre- 
quently to  be  met  with  in  Scotland  and  in 
the  North  of  Ireland,  to  which  last-named 
countrjr  it  was  introduced  by  Scottish  co- 
lonists. 

PINKNEY.  The  baronial  family  de- 
scended from  Gilo  de  Pincheni,  who  lived 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  I.,  and  endoAved  the 
monks  of  St.  Lucien  in  France  with  lands 
at  Wedon,  co.  Northampton.  The  family 
doubtless  came  hither  at  the  Conquest. 
The  localit)'  of  Pincheni  I  cannot  ascei'- 
tain. 

PINKSTONE.  Doubtless  Pinxton,  a 
parish  in  Derbj'shire. 

PINN.  There  are  places  called  Pin  in 
the  several  arrondissements  of  Mortagne, 
Argentan,  and  Lisieux,  in  Normandy. 

PINNELL.  Aubrey  derives  it  from  a 
certain  '  i:)ine-hill,'  co.  Wilts;  but  there 
was  a  Ralph  Piuel,  a  Domesday  tenant  in 
capite,  in  cos.  Essex  and  Suffolk. 

PINNER.  1.  A  parish  in  Middlesex. 
2.  A  pin-maker ;  whence  Pinners'  Hall  in 
London. 

PINNICK.     A  corruption  of  Pinnock. 

PINNIGER.     See  Pennlger. 

PINNOCK,  Parishes  In  cos.  Cornwall 
and  Gloucester.  There  was  a  Cornish 
saint  of  this  designation,  who  gave  name  to 
the  parish  of  St.  Pinnock.  In  the  South  of 
England,  the  little  timber  frameworks  at 
the  ends  of  an  arch  or  drain  are  called '  pin- 
nocks.'  Pinnoc,  P'moo,  Pinok,  Sec.  H.R. 
See  Eng.  Surn.  i.  80. 

PINSENT.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
the  French  name  Pinson.  The  celebrated 
printer,  Richard  Pynson,  temp.  Henry  VIIL, 
was  a  Frenchman. 

PINSON.  Probably  the  same  as  ]\Iont- 
Pinson,  (Mompesson),  by  the  disuse  of  the 
prefix. 

PINYON.  From  the  Welsh  Ap  Enlon, 
the  son  of  Enion,  a  personal  name.  So 
Pritchard  from  Ap  Richard,  Richardson ; 
Parry  from  Ap  Harry,  Harry's  son.  Some- 
times the  filial  prefix  is  ab  rather  than  aj), 
and  thus  Benyon  and  Bunyan  result  from 
the  same  personal  name. 


PIT 


2G9 


PIPARD.      Ralph   Pipavd,   who   distin- 
guished himself  in  the  Welsh  and  Scottish 
wars,  is  said  to  have  been  a  younger  son  of 
Eah^h     Fitz-Nicolas,     temp.    Henry     111. 
Hotherfield  Pipard,  and  Cly  ve  Pipard  derive 
their  suffixes  from  this  family.     The  name 
appears  to  be  Norm.  Fr.,  and  to  signify  a 
cheat  or  deceiver,  from  the  verb  jJtlw: 
PIPE.     1.  A  parish  in  Herefordshire.     2. 
A  personal  name  in  Domesday. 
PIPER.     A  player  on   a  bag-pipe.     Le 
Piper.     H.R.      Though  this  droning  music 
was  never  so  popular  in  England  as  among 
the  Celts  of  Scotland  and  Ireland,  it  was 
much  in  vogue  in  Northumberland  down  to 
a   late   period.      Cliaucer's  miller-pilgrim, 
though  a  Southron,  was  a  piper  :— 
"  A  baggepipe  coivde  he  blowe  and  sowne, 
And  therewithal  he  brought  us  out  of  toviie." 
For  much  curious  information  on  the  ar- 
chaeology of  bagpipes,  see  a  paper  by  J.  C. 
Fenwick,  Esq.,  in  Archffiol.  iEliana,  N.  b., 
vol.  iii.     The   surname   is   also   found   in 
Sweden,  where  it  was  borne  by  a  famous 
prime  minister  of  Charles  XII, 

PIPES.     See  Pipe. 

PIPPIN.  The  old  illustrious  French 
personal  name,  Pepin.  The  surname,  in  its 
present  orthography,  is  found  in  H.R. 

PIRIE.  1.  Apparently  a  pear-orchard. 
The  forms  in  H.R.  are  De  la  Pirie,  and  Ate 
Pyrie.  2.  Plriie,  in  Lowland  Scotch, 
mean's  trim;  nice  in  dress;  precise  in 
manner;  also,  having  a  tripping  manner 
in  walking;  walking  with  a  spring.  Jamie- 
son. 

PIRKISS.     The  same  as  Purkess. 

PIRON.  M.  de  Gerville,  in  Mem.  Soc. 
Antiq.  Norm.  1825  (vol.  vii.),says,  that  the 
chateau  of  Pirou,  in  the  department  of  La 
Manche,  in  Normandy,  gave  name  to  a 
family  who  settled  in  Devon  and  Somerset, 
and  called  their  residence  Stoke  Piron. 
PISTOL.  "  A  swaggering  fellow.  Per- 
haps from  jjistolfo,  explained  by  Florio,  '  a 
roguing  begger,  a  cantler,  an  upright  man 
that  liveth  by  cosenage.'  Hence  Shak- 
speare's  character  of  that  name."  Halliwell. 
PITCAIRN.     A  village  in  the  parish  of 

Redgorton,  co.  Perth. 
PITCAITHLY.     A  well-known  locality 
in  the  parish  of'Dumbarnie,  co.  Perth. 

PITCHER.  1.  Some  kind  of  employ- 
ment—perhaps that  of  'pitching,'  i.e., 
roughly  pavhig  with  boulders  ;  or  of  apply- 
ing pitch  to  ships,  &c.  2.  An  inn  sign.  3. 
"  The  man  who  lifts  or  pitches  the  reaped 
corn  or  hay  up  into  the  wagon."  Halli- 
well. A  person  who  excelled  in  this  kind 
of  work  would  readily  acquire  the  sur- 
name. 

PITCHFORD.  A  parish  in  Shropshire, 
which  anciently  belonged  to  the  family. 

PITHER.  Welsh  Ap-Uther,  the  son  of 
Uther. 

PITKIN.     Peterkin.     See  Peter. 


PL  A 

PITLESDEN.  This  family  originated 
among  the  dens  of  the  Kentish  Weald. 
The  elder  line  was  extinguished  in  the 
XIV.  cent.,  when  the  daughter  and  heir  of 
Robert  de  Pitlesden  of  Tenterden  married 
Vincent  Herbert,  ancestor  of  the  Earl  of 
"Winchelsea.     De  Pytlesden.  H.R. 

PITMAxNT.  PITTMAN.  See  Pitt,  and 
the  termination  jrAK.  One  Johannes  Pite- 
man  is  mentioned  in  H.R. 

PITNEY.     A  parish  in  Somersetshire. 

PITT.      PIT.      From  residence  in  the 

vicinity   of  one.     Hence    also    Pitter   and 
Pittman. 

PITTER.     See  Pitt,  and  the  term.  ek. 

PITTLESDEN.     See  Pitlesden. 

PITTS.     See  Pitt. 

PIX.  A  shrine  in  which  the  consecrated 
host  is  placed,  in  the  Roman  ritual.  It 
seems  an  unlikely  source  for  a  surname, 
but  there  are  analogies  in  Hallowbread, 
Paten,  Crucifix,  &c. 

PIXTON.  Apparently  local,  in  Oxford- 
shire.    Picxton.     H.R. 

PLACE.  1.  Like  the  Fr.  place,  a  square 
or  open  space  in  a  town.  2.  More  probably 
from  a  '  place,'  or  mansion.  What  is  called 
in  other  shires  a  hall,  or  a  court,  is  fre- 
quently known  in  the  south-eastern  coun- 
ties as  a  'place,' e.g. :  Brasted  Place,  co. 
Kent,  Wakehurst  Place,  co.  Sussex,  Crow- 
hurst  Place,  CO.  Surrey. 
PLACKETT.  Apparently  a  diminutive 
of  the  Fr.  7??«(/!/<?,  which  Cotgrave  defines 

as  "a  flat  lingot,  or  barre  of  mettall 

also  a  plate  to  naile  against  a  wall."  A 
little  road-side  public-house  at  Arlington, 
CO.  Sussex,  a  resort  for  smugglers,  formerly 
bore  the  name  of  the  "  Golden  Plackett,"— 
for  what  reason  I  could  never  ascertain  ; 
neither  can  I  see  how  the  ^vord  can  with 
propriety  have  become  a  family  name,  un- 
less indeed  it  was  borrowed  from  a  sign  of 
the  same  kind. 

PLAFORD.     See  Playford. 
PLAICE.     See  Place. 
PLAIN.     PLAINE.     From  residence  at 
a    plain,    common,    or    level    unenclosed 
ground. 

PLAINER.     See  Plain,  and  the  termina- 
tion EK. 
PLAISTER.     A  corruption  of  PlaysLow. 

PLANCHE.  Probably  of  Norman  origin. 
There  are  three  places  in  the  province, 
called  Planches-sur  Iton,  Planches-sur-Rile, 
aud  Planchez-Mellerai,  situated  respectively 
in  the  arroudissements  of  Louviers,  Argen- 
tan,  and  Avranches. 

PLANE.     A  corruption  of  Plain. 

PLANT.     A  family  in  humble  circum- 

stanches  at  Kettering,  bear  the  ancient 
royal  name  of  Plantagenet,  though  now  it 
is  commonly  corrupted  to  Plant.  See  a 
late  number  of  the  "  Leicester  Mercury." 


PL 


270 


PLU 


PLANTA.  A  family  of  Swedisli  origin, 
who  settled  here  temp.  George  II. 

PLANTAGENET.  Foulques,  Count  of 
Anjou  in  the  twelftli  century,  ancestor  of  a 
long  and  illustrious  line  of  English  kings, 
extending  from  Henry  II.  to  Richard  III., 
going  on  pilgrimage  to  the  Holy  Land, 
wore  in  his  cap  a  broom-plant  {Plartta 
genesta)  in  token,  it  is  said,  of  humility ; 
though  why  that  upright,  aspiring  shrub 
should  he  taken  in  this  emblematical  sense, 
I  never  could  ascertain.  Henr}'  II.,  the 
first  of  our  kings  to  whom  the  surname  is 
attributed,  used  the  broom  plant  as  his 
badge,  as  also  did  his  successors,  Richard 
Coeur  de  Lion,  and  Henry  III. 

PLASKETT.  Flaskets,  a  township  in 
the  parish  of  Fal  stone,  co.  Northumber- 
land. 

PLASTOW.     See  Playstow. 

PLATER.  Perhaps  a  maker  of  plates 
for  armour. 

PLATT.  L  A  corruption  of  Plott ;  some- 
times a  piece  of  flat  ground.  2.  A  i^lace, 
situation.  North.  3.  A  small  piece  of 
ground.     South. 

PLATTS.     See  Piatt. 

PLAXTOjST.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Plaxtol,  CO.  Kent. 

PLAYER.     A  dramatic  performer. 

PLAYFAIR.  1.  The  same  as  Fairplaj. 
2.  Jamieson  says.  Play-fere,  Play-fair, 
ai^lay-fellow,  frora^^fcy,  and /e/v,  a  com- 
panion. 

PLAYFORD.     A  parish  In  Suffolk. 

PLAYNE.     See  Plain. 

PLAYSTED.     The  same  as  Playstow. 

PLAYSTOW.  In  medieval  times,  most 
large  parishes  had  their  play-stow,  pla}'- 
sted,  or  locus  ludoritm,  for  the  recreation  of 
the  inhabitants.  At  Selborne,  co.  Hants,  it 
■was  corrupted  to  Plestor. 

"  In  the  midst  of  this  spot  stood,  in  old 
times,  a  vast  oak,  with  a  short  squat  body, 
and  huge  horizontal  arms,  extendingalmost 
to  the  extremity  of  the  area.  This  vener- 
able tree,  surrounded  with  stone  steps, 
and  seats  above  them,  was  the  delight  of 
old  and  young,  and  a  place  of  much  resort 
in  summer  evenings  ;  where  tlie  former  sat 
in  grave  debate,  while  the  latter  frolicked 
and  danced  before  them." 

TI'7i/te's  Nat.  Hist,  of  Selboriie. 

The  forms  in  H.R.  are  Atte  Pleistow,  De 
la  Pleystowe,  &c. 

PLEASANT.  The  original  Mr.  Pleasant 
was  possessed,  I  doubt  not,  of  the  attributes 
by  which  Cotgrave  defines  the  Fr.  Avord 
plaisant:  he  Avas  "  merrie,  jocond,  blythe, 
joyful),  buxome,  delightfull,  gamesome,  re- 
creative, [and  perhaps]  also  jeasting, 
bourding,  scoffing,  and  floAvting." 

PLESSETS.  The  baronage  traces  the 
family  to  John  de  Plessets,  or  Plessis,  Avho 
was  of  the  household  of  King  Henry  III. 


The  name  is  doubtless  local,  and  Norman, 
there  being  six  places  so  called  in  the  Itin. 
de  la  Normandie.  The  Avord  seems  to  be 
generic,  and  to  mean  a  small  park.  The 
obsolete  French  Avord  2^^essis,  is  defined  by 
Cotgrave  as  "  the  plashing  of  trees,  the  plait- 
ing or  foulding  of  their  tender  branches  one 
within  the  other  :  also  a  hedge  or  walke  of 
plashed  trees."  This  Avas  the  earliest  Avay 
of  making  a  park,  and  hence  the  AVord  "the 
j}lashct,"  applied  in  England  to  small  en- 
closures for  deer,  &c.  The  modern  form  of 
this  surname  in  France  is  Duplessis. 

PLEYDELL.  The  extinct  baronets 
sprang  from  Berkshire  in  the  XV.  century. 

PLIMMER,  Probably  the  same  as 
Plummer,  i.e.,  Plumber. 

PLIMPTON.  Plympton  is  the  name  of 
a  market-town  and  a  parish  in  co.  Devon. 

PLOMER.  A  corruption  of  Plumber. 
Le  Plomer.     H.R. 

PLOT.  PLOTT.  A  small  piece  of 
ground. 

PLOUGHMAN.     The  occupation.  E.G. 

See  PloAvmau. 

PLOW.  PLOWE.  O.Eng.  A  plough- 
probably  an  inn  sign. 

PLOA\"DEN.  An  estate  in  Shropshire, 
Avhicli  had  owners  of  the  same  name  in  the 
XII.  century,  Avhen  Roger  de  Plowden  Avas 
a  Crusader  under  Ricliard  I.  His  descend- 
ants still  possess  it. 

Tlie  proverb,  The  case  is  altered 
QUOTH  Ploavdejt,  is  thus  explained  by 
HalliAvell.  "  [Edmund]  Plowden  Avas  an 
eminent  laAvyer  in  Queen  Mary's  time,  who 
being  asked  Avhat  legal  remedy  thei-e  Avas 
against  some  hogs,  that  trespassed  on  the 
complainant's  ground,  ansAvered,  he  might 
have  very  good  remedy ;  but  the  other 
telling  him  they  Avere  7; /5  hogs,  :say,  thex, 
THE  CASE  IS  altered,  quoth  PloAvdeu  !" 

PLOW]\IAN.  In  Domesday  we  find 
certain  under  tenants  described  as  '  Arantes 


homines  '- 
Ploghman. 


•  ploughmen. 
H.R. 


Plouman,     Le 


PLOAVRIGHT.  A  maker  of  ploughs. 
See  under  Wright.     Le  PlOAvritte.     H.R. 

PLUCKNETT.  Plukenet  is  found  in 
Holiushed's  so-called  Battel-Abbey  Roll. 
The  name  is  probably  of  Norman  introduc- 
tion. Hugh  de  Plugenet  Avas  made  a  baron 
by  Henry  II.  The  spelling  in  H.R.  is  a 
near  approach  to  the  present  form,  uamelj^, 
Plokenet. 

PLUCKROSE.  Both  this  surname  and 
the  analogous  one,  Pullrose,  occur  in  a 
Sussex  subsidy  roll,  1296.  Both  names  pro- 
bably had  tlieir  origin  in  a  feudal  custom. 
The  holding  of  lands  by  the  annual  rent  of 
a  rose,  Avas  very  common  in  the  middle 
ages,  and  it  even  exists  doAvn  to  the  present 
day.  A  friend  of  mine  holds  a  landed  pro- 
perty on  the  borders  of  Ashdown  Forest, 
CO.  Sussex,  part  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster, 
by  one  red  rose.  On  the  front  of  a  farm- 
house belonging  to  him  is  a  large  rose  tree, 


POE 


271 


POL 


to  wliich  the  reeve  of  the  manor  periodically 
comes,  and  either  j^hicJang  or^^wWing  a 
flower,  sticks  it  into  his  button-hole,  and 
walks  off.  To  something  of  this  kind  the 
Pluckroses  and  the  Pullroses  doubtless  owe 
their  names.     Pluckerose.     H.K. 

PLUM.     PLUjVDB.     PLUIMBE.      1.  A 

deep  pool  in  a  river  or  stream  ;  the  word  is 
used  in  the  shires  of  Fife  and  Roxburgh. 
Jamieson.  2.  Sensible,  honest.  North. 
Halliwell.  3.  A  commune  near  Avrauches 
in  Normandy  is  called  Plomb. 
PLUINIBER.  A  worker  of  lead.  Lat. 
2)himbum.  The  name  is  usually  corrupted 
to  Plummer. 

.     See  Plumley. 

See  Plummer. 


A  parish  in  Cheshire. 

A  plumber,  or  worker  in 


PLUIVIBLY 

PLUMER. 

PLUMLEY. 

PLUMjNIER 

lead. 

PLUINIPTON.  Parishes  and  townships 
in  cos.  Northampton,  Sussex,  York,  Cum- 
berland, and  Lancaster. 
PLUMPTRE.  A  parish  in  co.  Notting- 
ham, which  was  possessed  by  the  family 
temp.  King  John. 

PLU^NITREE.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Plumptre;  but  it  may  be  analogous  to 
Appletree,  &c. 
PLUNKET.  PLUNKETT.  No  less 
than  four  families  of  this  name  are  found 
in  the  Peerage  of  Ireland,  where  the  family 
are  consideiedto  be  of  Danish  extraction. 
They  are  traced  in  that  kingdom  to  the 
reign  of  Henry  III.,  and  in  the  XIV. 
cent,  they  appear  as  barons  of  Parlia- 
ment. 

PLYIMiM.  The  Pljm,  a  river  of  Devon- 
shire, which  gives  names  to  Plympton,  Plym- 
stock,  and  Plymouth. 
POCOCK.  Po  is  semi-Saxon  for  pea- 
cock, and  the  last  syllable  has  only  been 
added,  as  in  the  cases  of  turkey-cock  and 
cock-sparrow.  "As  proud  as  a  Po,"  seems 
to  have  been  a  very  ancient  proverbial  say- 
ing. See  Wright's  Political  Songs,  p.  159. 
Chaucer  describes  his  '  Yeman  '  as  bearing 
under  his  belt — 

"  A  shef  of  pocock  anves  bright  .-mcl  kene  :" 
—that   is  arrows  'lighted'  with  peacock 
feathers;  and  in  Bodl.  M.S.,  2G4,  fol.  213, 
as  cited  by  Halliwell,  we  read— 

"  A  fair  poTcolc  of  pris  men  paien  to  Juno ;" 
that  is,  "  men  offer  to  .Juno  (to  whom  the 
bird  was   sacred)  a   beautiful   and  costly 
peacock." 

From  the  fancied  indelicacy  of  this  sur- 
name, it  has  been  ridiculously  modified,  in 
pronunciation,  to   Poke,    Palk,    Polk,  and 

Pocket !  „      ,     r,  ,    1 

The  forms  in  H.R.  are  Pocok,  lokok, 

Poukoc,  &c. 

POCKET.     See  Pocock. 

POCKLINGTON.      A  town  in  York- 
shire. 

POER.     See  Power. 


POET.  POETT.   Probably  first  given  to 
some  rustic  rhymer. 

POINDEXTER.  "  This  name  does  not 
signify  '  the  right  hand,'  as  might  easily  be 
imagined,  but  is  an  old  Norman  name, 
signifying  Spur  the  Steed,  and  analogous 
to  Hotspur.  It  comes  from  two  old  words, 
Avhich  'Wace  often  uses  in  the  Roman  de 
Ron;  the  first  meaning  'to  spur,'  from  the 
Latin^??fw^o;  the  second,  'a  steed  or  courser,' 
in  French  destrier,  Ital.  dcstrlere."  Talbot's 
English  Etymologies. 

POINT.  1,  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Poyntz.  2.  It  may  signify  a  small  promon- 
tory or  headland,  as  Start  Point,  Goldstoue 
Point,  &c. 

POINTING.  A  township  in  Lincoln- 
shire. 

B^  POINTS  OF  THE  COMPASS,   Sur- 
names derived  from. — When  surnames 
were   originally    imposed,    nothing    is 
more    natural    than    that    individuals 
should  have  received  names  alluding  to 
the  situation  of  their  actual  residences,  or 
the  direction  from  which  they  had  come 
to  dwell  in  a  particular  place.     Hence 
North,    South,    East,    West,    are  well- 
known    family  names.     Less  common, 
but    still  acknowledged  surnames,  are 
Northern,  Southerue,  Eastern,  "Western. 
In   like   manner    originated  the  quar- 
tettes, Norton,  Sutton,  Easton,  Weston; 
and    Northgate,    Southgate,    Eastgate, 
Westgate.     Sometimes  the   group  will 
not  '  go  upon  all  fours ;'  for  example, 
we    have    Northcote,     Southcote,    and 
Westcote,  but  I  do  not  observe  an  East- 
cote  ;  also  Eastman,  Westerman,  North- 
man   (Norman)     but    no     Southman; 
again,  although  Eastlake  and  Westlake 
appear,  I  have  searched   in  vain  for  a 
laM  that  is  either  boreal  or  meridional. 
It  is  not  necessary  to  pursue  the  subject 
further  in  this  place,  but  additional  il- 
lustrations will  be  found  under  the  res- 
pective heads  in  the  Dictionary. 

POINTS.     See  Poyntz. 

POITEVIN.     A  native  of  the   French 

province  of  Poitou. 
POITLEVIN.     See  Poitevin. 
X^s'  POL.      See    under     Cornish    Suk- 

KAMES. 

POLACK.     A  Polander. 

"He  smote  tire  sledded  Polacks  on  the  ice." 

Hamlel. 

POLAND.     From  the  country. 

POLE.  The  Poles  of  Shute,  co.  Devon, 
baronets  from  1G28,  claim  descent  from 
the  Cheshire  family  of  Pole,  or  Poole,  of 
Poole  Hall,  and  bear  the  same  arms.  The 
first  settler  in  Devon  was  Arthur  Pole,  who 
temp.  Richard  II.  married  a  namesake,  the 
heiress  of  Pole  of  Honiton. 

POLE,  DE   LA.      A-Sax.  pal,  and   O 
Eno-.  pole,  a  pool.    A  common  form  of  it,  in 
records,  is  Ate-Pole,  i.e.,  "at  the  pool," 


POL 


272 


PON 


afterwards  softened  to  Pool,  Poole,  and 
Pooler.  The  Fr.  De  la,  was  affected  by  the 
great  merchant  of  Hull,  who  became  an- 
cestor of  thcDe  la  Poles,  Earls  of  Suffolk. 
He  flourished  in  the  XIV.  century,  and  his 
grandson,  Michael,  Edward  the  Third's 
"  beloved  merchant,"  is  regarded  by  Hume, 
though  perhaps  eironeously,  as  the  first 
person  of  that  class  who  rose  to  social  great- 
ness in  England. 

POLEY.  A  place  in  Hertfordshire, 
where  the  family  were  resident  in  the  year 
1107.  They  removed  into  Suffolli  in  the 
reign  of  Edward  III.  or  PJchard  II. 

POLHILL.  See  under  Polwhele.  In 
the  ancient  deeds  of  the  Cornish  family, 
the  spellings  Polwhele  and  Polhill  are  em- 
ployed indifferently.  Nichol's  Top.  and 
Geneal.,  i.  180.  The  Polliills  were  certainly 
at  Detling,  co.  Kent,  in  or  before  the  reign 
of  Edw.  HI.  An  old  spelling  of  the  family 
was  Policy. 

POLK.  1.  A  contraction  of  Pollock,  and 
sometimes  of  Pocock.     2.  A  i^ool.    Halliw. 

POLKING HORNE.  An  estate  In  the 
parish  of  Gwinear,  co.  Cornwall,  where  the 
family  were  resident  in  the  XIII.  cent. 
C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornw.  "From  this  jilace 
were  denominated  an  old  family  of  gentle- 
men surnamed  Polkinhorne,  who  gave  for 
their  arms,  Argent,  three  bars  Sable."  llals, 
in  D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall,  ii.  142. 

POLIjARD.  This  name,  which  occurs 
in  the  H.E.  as  Polard,  as  well  as  in  its  pre- 
sent orthography,  is  probably  local.  Ton- 
kin says,  that  the  barton  of  Trelleigh  in 
Eedrutli,  co.  Cornwall,  was  "  the  seat  of 
that  most  ancient  family  of  Pollard,  from 
whence  aJl  tlie  otltcrs  of  that  name  were 
descended."  D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall,  iii.  383. 
"Wlietlier  this  broad  assertion  would  bear 
the  test  of  genealogical  investigation,  I 
know  not;  certain  it  is,  that  the  name  is 
very  widely  spread,  not  alone  iii  the  West, 
hut  also  in  the  East  and  North  of  England. 
In  the  county  of  Durham  the  owners  of  it 
acquired  the  family  characteristic  of  the 
Politic  Pollaeds. 

POLLEN.  Asthename  was  written  in  the 
XVII.  cent.  Paulyn,  there  can  be  little 
doubt  that  it  is  derived  from  the  baptismal 
name  Paulimis. 

POLLEY.  A  known  variation  of  Pol- 
whele, or  Polhill,  which  see. 

POLLINGTOK  A  township  in  the 
parish  of  Snaith,  in  the  W.  R.  of  York- 
shire. 

POLLOCK.  Li  Eng.  Surnames,  i.  169, 
I  \entured  to  derive  this  name  from  Paul, 
of  wliich  it  seemed  to  have  been  a  dimiuu- 
tive.  Its  true  derivation,  however,  appears 
to  be  from  a  place  called  Pollock  in  Een- 
frewshire.  The  family  were  '  of  that  Ilk  ' 
in  the  twelfth  century. 

POLLOMOUNTER.     See  Polomonter. 

POLOMONTER.  This  singular  sur- 
name, sometimes  writ  (en  Pollomounter,  is 


derived  from  the  lands  so  called,  in  St. 
Newlyn,  co.  Cornwall,  which  were  possessed 
by  the  family  down  to  the  XVII.  cent. 

POLSON.     The  son  of  Pol,  i.e.,  Paul. 

POLTER.     A  dealer  in  poultry,  hodia 

2)oultcrer. 

POLWHELE.     A   manor   in   Cornwall, 

where,  upon  the  authority  of  a  distinguished 
member  of  the  family,  the  late  Rev.  Rich. 
Polwhele,  the  historian  of  Cornwall,  the 
family  were  seated  before  the  Conquest,  one 
Winus  de  Polhall  having  held  it  under  the 
Confessor.  From  his  descendant,  Drogo 
de  P.,  chamberlain  to  the  Empress  Maud, 
sprang  the  Polwheles  of  the  West,  and  the 
Polhills  of  Kent  and  Sussex.  Nichol's  Top. 
and  Geneal.  i.  180. 

POIMEROY.  The  parish  of  S.  Sauvour 
de  la  Pommeraye,  in  the  department  of  La 
Manche,  Normandy,  gave  name  to  a  great 
family  mentioned  in  Domesday  Book,  and 
by  Brompton  ;  and  they  in  turn  conferred 
it  upon  Berry  Pomeroy,  co.  Devon.  Mem. 
Soc.  Antiq.  Norm.  vol.  vii.  Ralph  de 
Pomerei  held  58  lordships  at  the  time  of 
tlie  Survey,  in  the  counties  of  Devon  and 
Somerset.  Kelham.  Pommeraye,  in  O. 
French,  signifies  an  orchard,  (Cotgrave), 
and  De  la  Pomeraye  is  found  in  H.R. 

PO:\IFRBT.  A  corruption  of  Pontefract 
in  Yorlvshire,  which  was  written  in  the  XV. 
cent.  Powndefraite. 

POND.  Fi-om  residence  near  one.  Attc 
Pond,  Ad  le  Pond,  De  Pond.  H.R.  It  was 
sometimes  changed  to  Ponder. 

PONDER.  See  Pond.  Le  Pondere.  H.R. 

PONSONBY.  The  ancestors  of  this  noble 
family  derive  their  name  Irom  the  parish 
of  Ponsonby  in  Cumberland.  Before  the 
adoption  of  the  surname,  they  are  said  to 
have  been  of  Hale,  in  the  same  county. 
Still  earlier,  according  to  a  family  tradition, 
they  were  of  noble  rank  in  Pieardy,  the 
founder  of  the  house  in  England  having 
come  over  with  the  Conqueror,  who  ap- 
pointed him  his  Barber!  The  three  covids 
in  the  arms  of  Ponsonby  are  alleged  in 
support  of  this  story,  and  if  further  evidence 
can  possibly  be  desired,  the  chexeron  that 
separates  them  may  adumbrate  the  open 
razor,  wherewithal  the  dread  face  of  the 
mighty  Conqueror  was  denuded  of  its 
manly  appendage ! 

PONT.  Fr.,  a  bridge.  Ilerbrand  de 
Pont-Audemer,  at  the  time  of  Domesday 
Book,  held  in  cai^ite  certain  manors  in 
Hiinipshire.  Pont,  with  or  Avithout  some 
suflix,  and  Dupont,  have  always  been  com- 
mon French  surnames,  of  whicli  there  have 
doubtless  been  several  importations  into  tiiis 
country.  One  of  these  took  place  on  ac- 
count of  tlie  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of 
Nantes,  and,  in  the  year  1G91,  we  find  a 
French  refugee  family  of  Pont  resident  in 
London.  In  some  cases  the  name  has  been 
anglicised  to  Bridge. 

PONTIFEX.  Perliaps  one  of  the 
XVI.  century  latiniza.tions.    Brlickenbauer, 


VOR 

(Bridge-builder)  is  a  well-known  German 
surname.  The  name  is  derived,  says 
Varro,  "  a  pontera  faciendo,  quia  sublicius 
pons  (a  bridge  of  piles)  a  pontHicibus  factus 
est  primum,  et  restitutus  srepe."  A  sacred 
magistrate  among  the  Romans  ;  a  pontiff 
or  high  priest.     Ainsworth. 

POODLE.  Poiv  or  Poo  is  the  name 
given  to  numerous  sluggish  or  slow-running 
streams  in  Scotland.  (Gaz.)  Hence  Poodle 
ma_y  be  Pow-dale,  the  valley  of  the  Pow. 

POOKE.  Du. pook,  a  poignard  or  dagger. 
See  Sword,  Longespee,  &c. 

POOLE.  POOL.  See  under  Pole.  The 
oldest  family  of  this  name,  Poole  of  Poole, 
CO.  Chester,  were  lords  of  that  estate  from 
an  early  period.  The  name  was  variously 
written,  in  the  XIV.  century,  Pull,  Poole, 
and  De  la  Poole. 

POOLER.    See  Pole,  and  tlie  termination 

EH. 

POORE.     SeePoer. 

POPE.  A  sobriquet.  See  Ecclesiastical 
Surnames. 

POPESON.  Probably  a  sobriquet. 
Thomas  Popeson  founded  10  scholarships 
in  Emanuel  Coll.,  Cambridge,  in  1591. 

POPHAM.  "  The  first  nobililating  of  the 
Pophams,  as  it  is  saide,  was  by  Matilda 
Emperes,  doughter  to  Henry  the  firste,  and 
by  Henry  II.,  her  suniie."  Leland's  Itine- 
rary. The  name  is  local,  from  Popham  in 
Hampshire,  where,  as  Mr.  Shirley  affirms, 
an  ancestor,  Gilbert  de  Popham,  lived  in 
the  reign  of  King  John ;  and  there  the  elder 
line  continued  till  17  Henry  VI.  The 
Somersetshire  Pophams  branched  out  of  the 
Hampshire  family,  so  early  as  temp.  Ed- 
ward I.  The  Wiltshire  branch  is  much 
lower  on  the  tree,  having  sprung  from  the 
parent  stock  temp.  Elizabeth.  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men  of  England,  p.  206. 

POP  JAY.  An  A-iSTorman  and  Chauce- 
rian word  for  parrot,  \^  po2)i»ja]/,  or  popin- 
gaye.  Medieval  archers  used  to  practice 
with  the  bow  at  an  artificial  parrot  or 
popinjay  ;  and  shooting  at  the  popinjay  was 
a  favourite  holiday  pastime.  In  Scotland 
the  game  itself  was  called  papejay  or  i)a- 
pinjay.  See  Strutt's  Sports.  This  was 
probably  a  complimentary  sobriquet  applied 
to  a  good  marksman  with  the  long  bow  or 
the  cross-bow. 

POPJOY.     See  Poniay. 

POPPLETON.  A  ijarish  and  a  chapelry 
in  Yorkshire. 

PORCH.  From  residence  in  or  near  the 
entrance  of  some  great  building.  At-Porch 
might  become  Porch er  in  some  instances. 
One  form  in  H.R.  is  Ad  Portani  Ecclesias, 
"  at  the  church -porch." 

PORCHER.  The  family  of  Porcher  left 
France  at  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of 
Nantes,  and  settled  in  South  Carolina;  and 
a  descendant  established  himself  in  England 
about  the  year  1 768.  Their  ancestors,  who 
2  N 


273  P  0  K 


Avere  long  seated  at  Richeboui-g,  on  the 
banks  of  the  Loire,  were  ennobled  as  Counts 
Porcher.  "'They  are  traced,"  according  to 
B.L.G.,  "  to  a  very  ancient  date,  the  origi- 
nator of  the  family  being  Simon  le  Porcher, 
hereditary  grand  huntsman  to  Hugh  Capet, 
the  founder  of  the  French  monarchy,  from 
whose  official  duty  of  slaying  the  wounded 
hoar  the  name  is  derived."  Le  Porcher 
signifies  in  0.  Fr.  "  the  swine-herd,"  and  is 
a  more  probable  origin  of  the  name. 

PORKER.  Neither  a  young  pig,  nor  a 
dealer  in  pork.  In  Domesday,  tlie  word 
sometime  signifies  a  swineherd,  but  more 
usuall)'  a  free  occupier,  who  rented  the  pri- 
vilege of  feeding  pigs  in  the  woodlands,  and 
sometimes  paid  his  rent  in  kind.  Ellis. 
Itrod.  Domesd.  i.  89.  In  the  H.R.  the 
name  is  Avritten  Porcarius,  Poi'kai-,  and 
Le  Porker. 

PORRET.  Porret  is  a  place  in  the  de- 
partment of  La  Mauche,  in  Normandy. 

PORSON.  Perhaps  from  Paul,  corrripted 
thus  :  Paulson,  Pawsou,  Porson. 

PORT.  Hugo  de  Port  came  into  Eng- 
land at  the  Norman  Conquest,  and  held 
fifty-five  lordships  in  llie  counties  of  Hants 
and  Dorset,  as  tenant  in  capite.  One  of  his 
descendants  assumed  the  surname  of  Saint- 
John.  A  Hubert  de  Port  was  also  a 
tenant  in  capite  in  Hampshire,  at  the  mak- 
ing of  Domesday  Book.  Kelham's  Domes- 
day. 

Some  families  of  this  name  may  be  indi- 
genous to  England,  ranking  in  the  same 
category  with  Haven,  Harbour,  &c. ;  or  it 
may  be  the  same  as  the  Ad  Portam,  or 
Atte-Gate,  of  medieval  records. 

PORTAL.  The  family  are  said  to  have 
been  originally  Spanish,  and  to  haA^e  esta- 
blished themselves  in  Languedoc  at  the  end 
of  the  XL  century.  Adopting,  after  some 
centuries'  residence  in  that  province,  the 
principles  of  the  Huguenots,  some  of  their 
members  were  compelled  to  leave  France 
after  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 
The  founder  of  the  family  in  England  was 
Henri  Portal,  who  settled  in  Hampshire, 
B.L.G. 

PORTBURY.  A  parish  in  Somerset- 
shire. 

PORTCH.     The  same  as  Porch. 

PORTER.  The  keeper  of  a  door.  Lat. 
poiia.  The  meaning  was  sometimes  ex- 
tended, and  implied  a  castellan,  or  keeper  of 
a  castle.  This  was  the  case  with  the  first 
of  this  name  and  fanrily  in  Cornwall,  who, 
in  a  dateless  deed,  of  prolwlbly  not  later 
than  the  XIII.  century,  is  styled  Janitor  de 
Tremaion.  He  received  a  grant  of  lands 
from  the  Valletorts,  then  lords  of  Trematon, 
and  those  lands,  situate  just  outside  the 
venerable  walls  of  that  fine  old  feudal  for- 
tress, are  still  possessed  by  his  descendants, 
who  have  ever  since  resided  in  the  imme- 
diate vicinity.  See  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornw. 
H.R.  Portarius.  Lc  Porter.  &e. 


POS 


274 


POU 


PORTEUS.  PORTEOUS.  1.  A  por- 
teus  is  a  Roman  breviar)',  or  priest's  office- 
book.  The  surname  may  be  classed  with 
Crucifix,  Pix,  &c.  2.  In  Scotland,  a  porteous 
is  a  "  list  of  i^ersons  indicted  to  appear 
before  the  Justiciary ;"  and  portuous  roll  is  a 
phrase  still  used  to  denote  the  list  of  crimi- 
nal causes  to  be  tried  at  the  circuit  courts. 
Jamieson.  Hence  the  name  may  have 
originated  from  some  office  connected  with 
such  courts.  The  family  of  this  name 
boast,  that  they  have  been  seated  at  Hawk- 
shaw,  in  Peebles-shire,  a  whole  Millennium ! 

PORTLOCK.  A  parish  in  Somerset- 
shire, more  commonly  called  Porlock. 

PORTMAN.  A  civic  officer,'with  duties 
similar  to  those  of  a  modern  mayor.  The 
courts  of  this  functionary  were  formerly 
called  iJoHmannimotc!:.  Portreeve  is  synony- 
mous. The  family  of  this  name  in  Somer- 
setshire, appear  to  have  been  eminent  so 
early  as  the  reign  of  Edward  I.  See  Burke's 
Extinct  Baronets. 

PORTREA^E.  The  chief  magistrate  of  a 
town ;  apparently  the  synonym  of  mayor. 
Lambarde  has  the  following  account  of  the 
word,  in  his  notice  of  Gravesend  : — 

"  GKA^':ESENDE,  in  Saxon  Gcrcfesend;  in 
Latine,  Limes  Prastorius.  The  originall 
cause  of  the  name  of  this  place  lieth  hidd 
in  the  usuall  name  of  the  officer  lately 
created  in  the  town.  [Gravesend  was  in- 
corporated in  the  fourth  year  of  Queen 
Elizabeth.]  He  is  commonly  called  Port- 
reve,  but  the  woord,  aunciently  and  truly 
sounded,  is  Portgereve,  that  is  to  say,  tlie 
Ruler  of  the  Towne.  For  Porte  descending 
of  the  Latin  woord  portns,  signifieth  a  Port- 
towue,  and  gereve,  being  derived  of  the 
Saxon  verbe  gercccan,  to  rule,  was  first 
called  gerccfa,  and  then  gerefa,  and  bc- 
tokeueth  a  Ruler.  So  that  Portrevc  is  the 
Ruler  of  the  Towne,  and  Greves-end  is  as 
much  to  say  as  the  Limit,  Bounde,  or 
Precinct  of  such  a  rule  or  office."  Peram- 
bulation of  Kent,  1576.  It  may  be  observed 
that  the  city  of  London  was  governed  by  a 
Portreeve,  up  to  the  period  of  the  Conquest. 
Le  Portereve.     H.R. 

PORTSMOUTH.  The  great  town  in 
Hampshire. 

PORT  WINE.  A  singular  corruption  of 
Poitevin,  a  native  of  Poitou  in  France. 
So  early  as  the  time  of  Edward  I.  the  cor- 
ruption had  proceeded  as  far  as  toPotewyne, 
a  lady  called  Preciosa  Potewyne  occurring 
in  H.R. 

POSNET.  A  posnett  is  a  bag  Into  which 
money  is  put — a  net  used  as  a  purse. 
Jamieson.  Tlie  name  may  have  been 
acquired  by  the  treasurer  of  some  frater- 
nity. 

POST.      A  special  messenger;  a  courier. 

Halliwell  quotes  the  following  anecdote: — 

"  One  night  a  dninken  fellow  joslecl  against  a  post, 
but  the  fellow  thought  somebody  iiart  josled  him,  and 
fell  a  heating  the  post  till  his  fingers  wore  broken. 
Says  one  to  him,  Fie !  what  do  yow  fight  with  a  post? 
Is  it  a  post?    Wiy  did  he  not  blow  his  horn  then?" 

Oxford  Jcsls,  1706. 


POSTE.     See  Post. 

POSTLE.     POSTILL.     A  corruption  of 

Apostle  —  analogous     to     Saint,     Martyr, 
&c. 

POTHECARY.     An  apothecary. 

POTICARY.  An  old  spelling  of  apothe- 
cary. 

POTIPHAR.  For  this  name— Old 
French  turned  into  older  Eg3ptian — see 
Petifer. 

POTMAN.     A  potter. 

POTT.  POTTS.  The  reason  for  the 
assumption  of  this  name  is  notvery  obvious; 
yet  similar  words  have  designated  families 
of  importance  in  other  countries.  For  in- 
stance, there  were  in  Flanders,  in  the  XV. 
cent.,  a  noble  family  of  Pott,  who  bore  a 
pot  in  their  armorial  coat.  There  was  also 
au  Italian  house  called  the  '  Little-Pots," 
(Pignatelli,)  while  a  line  of  Spanish  gran- 
dees rejoiced  in  tlie  thrice-illustrious  name 
of  Padilla,  or  "  Frying-pan  !"     Dixon. 

In  the  N.  of  England,  'potts  is  a  topo- 
graphical term,  implying  deep  circular 
hollows  in  the  ground.  This  surname  de- 
signates a  Northumbrian  clan. 

POTTER.     Figulus— a  maker  of  pots. 

POTTICARY.     See  Potlcary. 

POTTINGER.  The  old  Scottish  for  an 
apothecary.  Jamieson.  In  the  Household 
Book  of  James  V.  of  Scotland,  one  of  the 
king's  horses,  set  apart  for  carrying  the 
drugs  of  the  royal  household,  is  jocosely 
known  by  this  name : — "  uuo  equo  pharma- 
copile,  vulgo  le  Pottinger."  Archaiologia, 
vol.  xxii. 

POTTMAN.     A  potter. 

POTVINE.  A  Poitevin,  or  native  of 
Poitou.  This  name  is  found  about  Dover 
and  Canterbury. 

POUCHMAKER.  A  maker  of  bags  or 
pouches. 

POULETT.  This  name  Is  Identical  with 
Paulet,  but  Mr.  Shirley's  account  differs  con- 
siderably from  what  has  been  stated  under 
art.  Paulet.  He  says :  "  Paulet,  in  the  hun- 
dred of  North  Petherton,  co.  Somerset,  gave 
name  to  this  historical  family,  the  tirst  on 
record  being  Sir  William  de  Paulet,  Avho 
died  in  1242.  He  was  of  Leigh  in  Devon- 
shire, which,  with  Rode,  in  Somersetshire, 
successively  became  the  family  seats.  Hin- 
tou  St.  George,  which  came  from  the  heiress 
of  Denebaud  in  the  reign  of  Henry  YL,  is 
noted  by  Leland  as  "  a  right  goodly  mauor 
place  of  fre  stone,  with  two  goodly  higli 
tourres,  embattled  in  the  ynnercourt,'"which 
has  ever  since  remained  the  seat  of  the  elder 
branch  of  the  family,"  now  represented  by 
Earl  Poulett.  Noble  and  Gentle  Men  of 
England. 

POULSON.     The  son  of  Poule  or  Paul. 

See  Eng.  Surn.  i. 

POULTER.  A  dealer  In  poults  or  poul- 
try.    The  last  syllable  of  poulterer,    is   a 


P  0  W  275 

modern   vulgarism.      The   Poulters'   Com- 
pany was  incorporated  by  Henry  VIII. 

POULTNEY.     The  same  as  Pulteney. 

POULTON.  Various  parishes  and  places 
in  cos.  Lancaster,  Clieshire,  Wilts,  &c. 

POUNCE.      A    corruption    of    Poyntz. 

POUNCEBY.  POWNCEBY.  Corrup- 
tions of  Ponsonby. 

POUND.  From  residence  near  a  mano- 
rial pound  :  perhaps  originally  applied  to 
tlie  piudcr,  or  pound-keeper,  himself. 

POUNDEN.  The  family  were  founded  in 
Ireland  by  John  Pouuden,  a  native  of  Liege, 
about  the  year  17.3-i.     B.L.G. 

POUNDER.     See  Pinder. 

POUNTAIN.  Puntain.  H.R.  Perhaps 
originally  Poutianus,  equivalent  to  Bridgei-. 

POUNTNEY.  A  corruption  of  Poultney, 
or  Pulteney. 

POUPARD.  More  correctly  Poupart. 
Fr.  "An  infant  or  young  child;  also  a  mea- 
cock  or  milksop."     Cotgrave. 

POVEY.  A  Gloucestershire  provincial- 
ism for  an  owl.  Halliwell  mentions  a  West- 
country  proverb — 

Worse  and  worse,  like  Povey"s  foot. 
As  in  the  case  of  most  of  these  rustic  wit- 
ticisms, we  are  not  informed  who  Povey 
was,  or  where  he  lived. 

POW.     POWE.     In  Scotland,  a  generic 
word,  meaning  a  sluggish  stream. 
POWELL.       Ap-Howel  — the    son    of 

Howel,  a  personal  name  common  in  Wales. 
The  Powells  of  Nant  Eos,  co.  Cardigan,  are 
descended  from  Philip  ap  Howell,  whose 
pedigree  is  traced  to  Edwin  ap  Grono,  Lord 
of  Tegaingl,  founder  of  the  XIII.  noble 
tribe  of  North  Wales  and  Powys.  The 
Powells  of  Brandlesome,  co.  Lancaster, 
spring  from  Walter  Powell  of  Bucknell  in 
Shropshire,  temp.  Elizabeth,  who  was  of  the 
posterity  of  Rhys  ap  Tudor,  King  of  South 
Wales.  B.L.G.  Tliere  are  many  other 
families  of  undoubted  antiquity,  derived 
from  the  best  ancestry  of  the  principality, 
though  the  name  of  Powell  is,  in  all  cases, 
of  comparatively  late  adoption. 

POWER.  The  surname  variously  written 
Le  Poer,  Power,  Powre,  Poore,  &c.,  is  of 
Norman  origin.  It  has  been  illustrious  in 
Ireland,  from  the  time  of  Strougbow's  inva- 
sion of  tliat  kingdom.  Robert  le  Poer  was 
engaged  in  his  expedition,  and  received 
from  Pembroke  the  territory  of  Waterford, 
excepting  only  "  the  city  and  the  cantred  of 
the  Ostmen  or  Danes,  whom  the  invaders 
found  settled  there,  and  in  good  policy  en- 
couraged as  mercliants."  D'Altou.  The 
family  were  doubtless  of  Norman  extraction, 
but  of  their  history,  previously  to  the  time 
of  Henry  II.,  little  seems  to  be  known.  The 
meaning  of  the  name  is  obscure. 

POWIS.     See  Powys. 
POWLE.         POWLES.        Corruptions 
either  of  Powell  or  of  Paul. 


PR  A 

POAVLESLAND.  Local:  "  land  belong- 
ing to  St.  Paul's  ?"  Or,  perhaps,  a  corrup- 
tion of  Powys-land,  a  great  district  of 
Wales. 

POWLETT.  See  Paulet.  Collins  says 
that  Hercules,  lord  of  Tournon,  the  ances- 
tor of  the  family,  came  hither  from  Picardy, 
with  Geoffrey  Plautagenet,  Earl  of  Anjou, 
third  son  of  Henry  II.,  and  settled  at  Paw- 
let,  CO.  Somerset. 

POWNALL.     A  township  in  Chesliire. 

POWNING.  An  ancient  spelling  of 
Poynings. 

POWTER.     See  Porter. 

POWYS.  1.  A  castle  in  the  county  of 
]\Iontgomery.  2.  Powys  in  Welsh  signifies, 
the  state  of  being  at  rest  or  stationary. 
Puglie's  Diet. 

POXON.  A  corruption  of  Palkson.  See 
Palkson. 

POYNDER.  A  bailiff;  one  who  dis- 
trains. A  Lancashire  surname.  Pound,  to 
distrain.     Jamieson. 

POYNINGS.  A  parish  in  Sussex,  which 
was  possessed  by  a  great  family,  subse- 
quently ennol.)led,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II. 
The  first  of  the  name  recorded  in  the 
Baronage  is  Adam  de  Poynings,  jord  of 
Poynings,  a  benefactor  to  Lewes  Priory. 

POYNTER.  POINTER.  A.  jioint,  in 
ancient  costume,  was  a  kind  of  tagged  lace, 
and  hence  a  Pointer  may  have  been  a 
maker  of  such  articles.*  Some  of  the 
Poynters,  however,  are  of  French  origin, 
being  descendants  of  Ambrose  Pointier,  of 
Arras,  who  settled  here  at  the  Revocation 
of  the  Edict  of  Nantes.  The  armorials  of 
this  family  arepoi»tciUj/  allusive ;  the  shield 
contains  pointed  piles;  the  crest  is  a  hand 
holding  a  cross-fitchee,  or  pointed,  to  which 
the  fore-finger  points ;  while  the  motto  is 
Pense  a  jjointer. 

POYNTZ.  Walter  filins  Ponz,  a  tenant 
in  chief  at  the  time  of  the  Norman  survey, 
and  Drogo,  his  brother,  who  held  many 
manors  in  the  counties  of  Wilts.,  Gloucester, 
Worcester,  and  Hereford,  were  sons  of 
Walter  Ponz,  a  noble  Norman.  From 
Drogo  Alius  Ponz  descended  the  family  of 
Clifford.     Kelham's  Domesday. 

POYZER.  This  name  is  almost  peculiar 
to  Derbyshire.  To  poise  is  to  weigh,  and 
the  first  of  the  family  may  have  been  a 
weigher  of  some  commodity. 

PRALL.  Cotgrave  givespreaz/,  "  a  little 
medow,  or  medow  adjoining  to  a  house ;" 
and  Halliwell  has,  from  the  A.-Norm., 
prayeU,  a  little  meadow. 

PRATER.     A  talkative  man. 

PRATT.     1.  A-S.prae/,  cunning.    Prat, 

as  a  surname,  is  very  common  in  H.R.     2. 

Perhaps   a  contraction    of    Lat.   j;rai«?«, 

meadow.     See  Pretty. 

»  "To  strain  a  point"  is  n  common  phrase,  the 
literal  meaning  of  \sliieh  is  understood  by  few.  Tlie 
above  definition  serves  to  explain  it. 


PRE 


276 


Pill 


PRATTMAN.  See  Pratt.  1.  A  cunning 
man.     2.  The  custodian  of  a  meadow. 

PRATY.     See  Pretty. 

PRAY.  Probably  from  Fr.  i^re,  a  meadow. 
De  la  Preye.     H.R. 

PREACHER.  The  profession.  Predi- 
cator,  Le  Precheur.     H.R. 

PRECIOUS.  A  correspondent  sends 
me  the  following  anecdote.  —  "  Walking 
through  a  town  with  a  friend,  I  noticed  the 
name  of  Precious.  My  friend  said  to  me  : 
'  You  knew  John  Priesthouse — he  was  the 
father  of  this  Precious':  here  the  vulgar  had 
corrupted  the  name,  probably  in  ridicule 
of  Priesthouse."  It  is  remarkable  how 
easily  people  in  a  humble  condition  of 
life  will  accept  an  alias,  or  adopt  the  cor- 
rupt pronunciation  of  their  names  by  their 
illiterate  neighbours ;  and  if  these  things 
occur  in  the  nineteenth  century,  it  is  no 
wonder  that  we  have,  among  the  multitude 
of  surnames  handed  down  to  us  from  the 
thirteeuth  and  fourteenth,  many  tliat  baffle 
even  etymological  guess-work,  and  render  a 
rationale  impossible. 

PREECE.  Welsh,  Ap-Rhys  :  the  same 
as  Price. 

PREEDY.     See  Priddy. 

PREEN,     A-Sax.  pren,  a  priest. 

PREIST.     The  same  as  Priest. 

PRENDERGAST.  Prendregast,  a  parish 
iu  Pembrokeshire,  from  whence  went 
forth  to  the  conquest  of  Ireland,  with 
his  neighbour,  the  famous  Strongbow, 
Maurice  de  Prendergast,  who  received  for 
his  services  ten  knights'  fees  called  Ferne- 
genelan.  An  early  Prendergast,  in  the  first 
half  of  the  XIII.  century,  who  was  ac- 
counted as  one  of  the  Fideles  of  Ireland, 
had  summons  for  the  French  and  Scottish 
•wars.     See  D'Alton,  p.  211. 

PRENTICE.  PRENTIS.  An  appren- 
tice. 

1^"  PEES-.  A  component  syllable  in  se- 
veral local  surnames,  being  a  contraction 
of  Priesfs  (A.S.  2'1'eostes),  as  Preslaud, 
"  the  priest's  land ;"  Preslc}'^,  Pressley, 
Presslee,  "  the  priest's  meadow  ;"  Pres- 
well,  ■'  the  priest's  well ;"  Prested,  "the 
priest's  place,"  &c.  Preston,  Prescott, 
Prestwick,  &c.,  belong  to  the  same  class. 

PRESCOTT.  Parlslies,  &c.,  in  cos.  Lan- 
caster, Oxford,  and  Gloucester.  De  Prest- 
cot,  H.R.  CO.  Oxon. 

PRESS.  See  Prest.  The  O.Fr.  prcsf, 
ready,  willing,  is  perhaps  a  likelier  origin. 
Prest  and  Le  Prest  are  common  H.R.  sur- 
names.   See  Prest,  below. 

PRESSMAN.  Probably  '  Priest-man,'  an 
attendant  upon  a  priest. 

PREST.  1.  Mr.  Ferguson  says:  "Prest  is 
the  Old  Norse ^jrfsf/'.- it  is  a  little  curious 
that  the  only  man  called  Prest  in  the  Di- 
rectory for  1857  is  a  priest."  2.  O.Fr. 
ready. 


PRESTAGE.  PRESTIGE.  A  corrup- 
tion of  Prestwich. 

PRESTON.  Besides  the  great  Lan- 
cashire town,  thirty-five  parishes  andj^laces 
are  named  in  the  Gazetteer,  and  there  are 
many  others  in  various  counties.  The  origin 
of  the  name,  fvom jjreostes-tt'ni,  'the  priest's 
enclosure  or  homestead'  is  undoubted.  The 
Prestons  of  Furness  were  traced  to  Richard 
de  Preston,  of  Preston,  co.  Westmoreland, 
temp.  Henry  II. 

PRESTWICH.     A  parish  in  Lancashire. 

PRESTWICK.  A  township  in  Nor- 
thumberland. 

PRETIOUS.     See  Precious. 

PRETTEJOHN.  PRETTIJOHN.  The 

same  as  Prottyjohn. 

PRETTIMAN.  Pretty,  besides  its 
usually  recognized  meanings,  has  in  Scot- 
land a  variety  of  significations,  as  small, 
neat,  mean  or  contemptible,  handsome, 
polite  and  accomplished,  brave  and  in- 
trepid. .Jamieson.  The  ]\Iessieurs  Pretty- 
man  have,  therefore,  excellent  scope  for 
guessing  at  the  true  character  of  the  founder 
of  their  name. 

PRETTY.  The  earliest  mention  of  this 
name  is  in  the  year  1192,  wheu  Engevan 
de  Prretis  attests  the  grant  of  the  chapel  of 
Hope-cum-Tideswell,  by  John,  Earl  of 
Moreton,  to  the  cathedral  of  Lichfield. 
Its  subsequent  forms  have  corresponded 
with  the  changes  of  spelling  in  the  adjec- 
tive, thus :  Praty,  Pretie,  Prettie,  Pretty. 
In  the  XV.  cent,  the  first  of  these  was  in  use, 
and  so  Leland,  born  in  that  century,  writes 
the  adjective  ;  e.  g.  "  a  praty  town."  The 
name,  however,  has  nothing  to  do  with 
prettiness,  but  is  derived  from  the  Lat. 
2)ratum,  a  meadow.  The  Prettys  of  Scot- 
land and  Ireland  are  of  English  origin. 
The  name  is  also  found  in  Italy  and  in 
Spain.  In  the  latter  country,  the  family 
bear  for  arms,  "  a  gi'een  meadow,  floM'ered 
proper."     Inf.  Edw.  Pretty,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

PRETTYJOHN.     See  John. 

PREVOST.  O.Fr.,  hodie  prevdt,  a  Pro- 
vest.  The  Baronet's  family  settled  in 
England,  from  Switzerland,  iu  the  last 
century. 

PREVO.     O.Fr.,  a  Provost. 

PREW.  Fr.prcux.  Brave,  courageous. 
"  Un  preux  chevalier" — a  valiant  knight. 

PREWBODY.  I  have  met  with  this 
name  in  one  county  onlj^^— that  county  of 
extraordinary  surnames,  Cornwall.  It  ap- 
pears to  be  one  of  the  compounds  of  Bodj'-, 
from  the  A-Sax.  boda,  a  messenger.  The 
first  syllable  may  possibly  be  a  contraction 
of  prcost,  priest,  and  if  so,  the  name  may 
be  interpreted,  either  as  "  priest's  mes- 
senger," or  as  "  priestly  messenger." 

PRICE.  Welsh,  Ap  Rhys,  the  son  of 
Rhys.  As  in  the  case  of  most  other  Welsh 
families,  the  settled  surname  is  of  recent 
adoption,  even  amongst  the  gentry,  and  it 


PRI 


277 


PRO 


is  hard  to  distiuguish,  bj'  the  mere  name, 
men  of  family  from  tlie  ignohile.  inilgus. 
The  Prices  of  Castle-Madoc.,"co.  Brecknock, 
spring  from  Bleddyn  ap  Maenyrcli,  Lord 
of  Brecon,  temp.  William  Kufus ;  and  the 
Prices  of  Glangwilly,  co.  Carmarthen,  are 
descended,  on  the  female  side,  through  the 
Lloyds,  from  Ilhodri  Blawr.  King  of  AVales. 
B.L.G. 

PRICHARD.     See  Pritehard. 

PRICKADVANCE.  Simon  Prickad- 
A'ance  was  buried  at  Peasmarsh,  co.  Sussex, 
17th  August,  1C7S.  Par.  Reg.  This  re- 
markable name  I  have  nowhere  else  met 
with,  though  it  is,  probably,  of  good  me- 
dieval origin.  To  jtrekc  ov  jjricJi  is  a  verj^ 
common  expression  in  Old  English  poetry, 
signifying  to  ride  fast,  to  spur  a  horse,  from 
prick,  the  ancient  pointed  spur,  used  before 
the  introduction  of  rowels.  "  Prick  !  Ad- 
vance !"  would  therefore  be  a  likely  excla- 
mation, employed  to  urge  forward  a  body 
of  horsemen,  either  in  battle  or  the  chase, 
and  this  was,  in  all  probability,  the  origin 
of  the  name. 

Since  I  wrote  the  above,  I  have  noticed, 
in  II. R.,  the  name  Prikeavant. 

PRICKETT.  L  Possibly  the  same  as 
Pritehard  or  Pritcliett  —  the  cJi,  being 
hardened.  See  Ricketts.  2.  From  the 
animal.  Richardson  deiines  ^;;'zpZ'ei^  as 
"  cervus  trinus,  a  deer  two  years  old,  so 
called  from  the  state  of  its  horns  (stimuli 
instar)."  The  crest  of  the  family  is  allu- 
sive, being  "  a  pricket  tripping,  proper." 

"  If  tliou  wilt  come  and  dwell  with  me  at  home, 
My  sheepcote  shall  be  strewed  ■nith  new  greene 
rushes ; 
■\Veele  haunt  the  trembling  pricJcets,  as  they  rome 
About  the  fields,  along  the  hauthorn  bushes." 
Affectionate  Shepheard,  1594. 
"  And  I   say  beside,  that  'twas  a  pricket  that  the 
princess  killed." 

Love''!,  Labour  Lost,  iv.  2. 
In   Rotuli  Huudredorum,  the   name   is 
•written  Priket. 

PRIDDY.  PRIDIE.  PRIDDEY.  FRI- 
DAY. Priddy,  a  parish  in  co.  Somerset. 
The  name  has  been  rather  fancifully  derived 
from  Prie-Sieu. 

PRIDE.  The  deadly  sin  ;  a  personation 
in  some  old  '  mystery  '  or  miracle-play  ? 
Pride,  without  any  prefix,  is  found  in 
H.R. 

PRIDEAUX.  The  castle  of  Prideaux, 
according  to  Tonkin  (D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall, 
iii.,  oG),  was  "  the  seat  of,  and  gave  name 
to,  a  family  which  hath  been  very  eminent 
both  in  this  county  and  in  Devonshire,  and 
still  flourisheth  in  both."  "  Some  would 
derive  it,"  he  says,  "from  a  French  original : 
j}res  d'cavx,  near  the  waters,  for  the  sea 
formerly  iiowed  up  as  high  as  this  place." 
"  The  ancient  family  of  Prideaux  trace  their 
descent  from  Pagauus,  lord  of  Prideaux 
Castle,  in  Luxiiion,  co.  Cornwall,  in  the 
time  of  William  I.,  where  the  family  con- 
tinued till  the  latter  part  of  the  fourteenth 
century."     Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men, 

PRIER.     See  Prior. 

PRIEST.     See  Ecclesiastical  Surnames, 


PRIESTHOUSE.  Local  — from  resi- 
dence at  a  mansion  belonging  to  some 
ecclesiastic.  There  is  a  dwelling  called 
Priesthawes,  originally  Priesthouse,  near 
Pevensey,  co.  Sussex,  and  there  were  doubt- 
less many  others  in  various  districts.  This 
surname  has  been  queerly  corrupted  to 
Precious. 

PRIESTLE  Y.  From  a  family  MS.  men- 
tioned in  B.L.G.  it  appears  that  the  ancient 
seat  and  inheritance  of  the  family  was  in 
Soyland  and  Sowerby,  in  the  parish  of 
Halifax,  co.  York. 

PRIESTLY,  Not  from  the  adjective, 
but  probal.ily  from  some  locality  so  called  : 
"  the  priesfs  lee  or  meadow." 

PRIME,  Qu,  Lat,  primus — first,  best, 
chief,  as  in  the  old  French  phrase,  "  Le 
2))'inie  de  Chevaliers,"  defined  by  Cotgrave 
as  "  a  prime  Knight,  the  paragon  or  fiower 
of  Knights."  The  French  surname  De  la 
Pryme  has,  hoAvever,  the  appearance  of  a 
local  origin. 

PRi:\IROSE.  I.  The  ancestors  of  Lord 
Roseberry  derived  their  surname  from  the 
lands  of  Primrose  in  Fifeshire.  Courthope's 
Debrett.  2.  French  Protestant  refugees  after 
the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes.  In 
1G91,  a  M.  de  Primerose  was  clergyman  of  a 
French  church  in  London,  but  whether  he 
was  in  Goldsmith's  mind  as  the  prototype 
of  his  Vicar  of  AVakefield,  I  cannot  say, 

PRIN,     See  Prynne, 

PRINCE.   A  sobriquet,  like  Duke,  Lord, 
&c. 
PRINCEPS,     A  latinization  of  Prince. 

PRINDLE.     A  small  inclosure,  a  croft. 

PRINGLE.  The  name  of  Pringle,  or 
Hop-pringle,  as  it  was  usually  written,  is 
peculiar  to  the  S.  of  Scotland.  As  to  its 
etymology,  antiquaries  are  agreed  that  it  is 
a  corruption  of  Pelerin  or  Pilgrim,  the  pre- 
fix Hop  being  the  equivalent  of  the  Welsh 
ap.  Hop-Pringle  may,  therefore,  mean  the 
son  of  some  pilgrim  of  distinction  ;  and  the 
escallop-shells  in  the  arms  of  all  the  fami- 
lies of  Pringle  rather  favour  this  opinion. 
B.L.G.  The  little  silver  coin  called  a 
jxrlngle,  formerly  minted  in  Scotland,  and 
of  about  the  value  of  an  English  penny, 
may  have  derived  its  name  from  one  of  this 
family,  as  the  hodle  did  its  from  Bothwell. 

PRINSEP.      A  corruption   of  the  Lat. 
2?ri)tce2JS,  a  prince. 
PRIOR,     See  Ecclesiastical  Surnames, 

PRISEMAN.  One  who  had  carried  ofl 
the  prize  in  some  athletic  game. 

PRISLEY,     A  corruption  of  Priestley, 

PRITCHARD,     Ap-Richard ;  tlie  son  of 
Richard.     Sec  AP, 

PRITCIIETT.  A  corruption  of  Priteh- 
ard. 

PRITTIE.     See  Pretty. 
PRIZEJIAN,     See  Priseman, 
PROBERT,     See  Robert, 


P  R  U 


278 


PUN 


PROBUS.  An  ancient  personal  name, 
borne  by  a  Cornish  local  saint  (not  in  the 
Roman  calendar),  after  -whom  the  parish 
of  St.  Probus  is  named. 

PROBYN.     See  Robert. 

PROCTOR.  PROCTER.  PROCKTER. 

Lat.  2^'i'ocui'ato}:  One  who  acts  for  another, 
or  talics  care  of  his  interest.  One  who  col- 
lected ahiis  for  lepers,  or  others  unable  to 
do  it  themselves.  Halliwell.  According 
to  Kennett,  beggars  of  au_y  kind  were  called 
Pi-octors.  This  explains  tiie  curious  inscrip- 
tion over  Richard  Watt's  ho.5pital  at  Ro- 
cliester,  founded  in  1579,  which  declares 
that  "  six  poor  travellers  may  receive  lodg- 
ing, entertainment,  and  fourpence  each,  for 
one  night,  provided  they  are  not  Itogues  nor 
Proctors." 

PRODGER.  Ap-Roger;  the  son  of 
Roger.     See  AP. 

PROFIT.     The  same  as  Prophet. 

PROPER  JOHN.     See  John. 

PROPERT.     See  Probert. 

PROPHET.  Probably  a  sobriquet,  ap- 
jilied  to  one  who  pretended  to  more  than  or- 
dinary sagacity  as  to  future  events. 

PROSSER.  Pross  is,  according  to  Hal- 
liwell, a  nortliern  provincialism  for  '  talk, 
conversation.'  Hence,  perhaps,  a  irrosser 
means  a  talkative  person,  or,  as  we  com- 
monly sa}'-,  a  '  proser.' 

PROUD.  Fidler  makes  it  a  corruption 
of  Prude.  Worthies  ii.  1S3.  It  would, 
therefore,  mean  sage,  rather  than  arrogant. 

PROUDFOOT.  If  not  a  gross  cor- 
ruption of  some  other  name,  may  relate  to 
the  gait  of  the  original  bearer.  Proudfot, 
Prudfot,  &c.,  H.R. 

PR0UD:MAN.  This  name  may  possibly 
be  taken  in  its  literal  meaning,  though  I 
am  rather  inclined  to  think  it  is  a  kind  of 
clumsy  translation  of  the  O.Fr.  Prud- 
liomme.     See  that  name,  infra. 

PROUT.  "  Id  est,  Proud."  Hals,  inD. 
Gilbert's  Cornwall.  A.Sax.  ^j?'!'^,  proud. 

PRO  VIS.     A  corruption  of  Provost. 

PROVOST.  The  mayor  of  a  royal 
burgh ;  the  dean  or  president  of  a  colle- 
giate church.     Jamicson. 

PROWETT.  Probably  a  diuresis  of 
Prout. 

PRUDAMES.  A  corruption  of  Prnd- 
homme. 

PRUDDAH.     See  Prudhoe. 

PRUDEXCE.  A  personal  name  borne 
by  a  saint  of  the  Roman  calendar,  who 
was  bishop  of  Troyes,  in  France,  and  whose 
festival  is  on  April  (J. 

PRUDHOE.  Two  townships  in  the 
parish  of  Ovingham,  co.  Northumberland, 
are  so  designated. 

PRUDHOMIME.  An  obsolete  Fr.  M-ord, 
signifying  "  a  good  and  true  man  ;  a  man 


well  versed  in  any  art  or  trade."  Sadler. 
In  H.R.  Prodhomme,  Prodomme,  Prodome, 
Prudhomme,  &c. 

PRUJEAN.  Fr.  -prexix.,  and  Jean; 
'  Valiant  John  ' — a  sobriquet,  formed  like 
Grosjean,  Prettyjohn,  &c. 

PRYCE.     See  Price. 

PRYNNE.     A-Sax.  i^en,  a  priest. 

PUCKERING.     The  same  as  Pickering. 

PUDDICOMBE.     See  Combe. 

PUDDING.  A  sobriquet  traceable  to 
the  Xlir.  century.  "Will.  Silvestre,  fil' 
Silvestir  Pudding  de  Holmstrete,"  occurs 
in  1230.  N.  and  Q.  v.  290.  Pudding, 
Puddy-g.     H.R. 

PUGH.  Welsh,  Ap-Hugh,  the  son  of 
Hugh.     See   AP. 

PULBROOK.  Perhaps  a  hardened  pro- 
nunciation of  Pulborough,  a  parish  in 
Sussex.  Or  it  may  be  some  other  locality, 
deriving  its  name  ixoxn  pool  and  Irooli. 

PULFORD.     A  parish  in  Cheshire. 

PULHA^I.  A  town  in  Norfolk,  and  a 
parish  in  Dorset. 

PULL.  An  nrchaic  form  of  Pool  or 
Poole. 

PULLEN.  I  can  find  no  better  orioin 
for  this  rather  common  sui'uanie,  than  the 
A.Norm.  j;»?/r//H,  and  Yv.ponJaiii,  a  colt  or 
foal ;  or  more  generally,  like  the  liat.  jtulhis, 
the  young  of  everything.     See  Pulley. 

PULLER.  PULLAR.  A  Norfolk  pro- 
vincialism for  a  poultry-house.  Fr.  jjoule, 
a  hen. 

PULLEY.  See  Pullen.  PuUain  and 
jndlcn  ai'e  found  in  several  early  plays 
for  poultry.  Halliwell.  Cotgrave  has 
"pouUaiUer,  a  poulter,  or  keeper  of  pul- 
laine,"  or  chicken. 

PULLEYNE.  A  probable  corruption  of 
the  persoEal  name  Paulinus.  Puleyn. 
H.R. 

PULLIN.     PULLING.      See  Pullen. 

PULLINGER.  A  corruption  of  Fr. 
'boiilancjer,  a  baker. 

PULLROSE.     See  Pluckrose. 

PULTENEY.  The  original  name  of 
the  extinct  noble  family  was  De  Clij^stone, 
until  Adam  de  Clii)stone,  acquiring  the 
manor  of  Pultency,  co.  Leicester,  adopted 
the  name  of  that  place  as  his  surname. 

PULTER.  A  dealer  in  fowls  (jjoulets); 
what  is  now  corruptly  called  a  'poulter«'.' 
Le  Poleter.     H.R. 

PU:MPIIREY.  Welsh,  Ap-IIumphrey. 
The  son  of  Humphrey.     See  AP. 

PUNCH.  This  name  is  found  in  tlie 
Registrar  General's  list  of  oddities,  and  in 
the  Rotuli  Hundredorum  of  tenqj.  Edward 
I.     Its  etymology  has  not  occurred  to  me. 

PUNCHARD.  A  contraction  of  Pun- 
chaidou? 


PUR 


279 


PUR 


PUNCH ARD  ON.  This  name  is  tound 
in  Holinshed's  list,  called  the  Roll  of  Battel 
Abbey,  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  the 
introduction  of  the  family  into  England 
took  place  at  the  Conquest,  since  Ponte- 
Cardon  occurs  in  Domesday.  Tiiey  gave  the 
suffix  to  Heanton-Punchardou,  co.  Devon. 
The  name  was  probably  derived  from  the 
place  now  called  Pont-Chardon,  in  the  ar- 
rondisement  of  Argentan,  in  Normandy. 

PUNNETT.  In  Domesday  Ave  find  one 
Ricardus  Punnat,  (Pugnator)  the  Cham- 
pion.    Kelham. 

PUNSHON.  Very  probably  a  contrac- 
tion of  Punchardou,  caused  by  rapid  pro- 
nunciation. 

PUNT.      A  corruption   of  pont,  Fr.,  a 

bridge. 

PUNTON.  Pointon,  a  township  in  Lin- 
colnshire. 

PURBROOK.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Purbright,  a  parish  in  Surrey. 

PUR  CELL.  A  Norman  name  of  great 
antiquity.  As  it  is  not  found  prefixed  by 
the  territorial  De,  I  think  it  must  be  re- 
ferred to  a  class  of  sobriquets  very  preva- 
lent among  the  early  Normans,  and  that  it 
means  Lat. :  '^^(5rr<'//?/5,'  0.  Fi:,  jjo'cel — a 
little  pig.  A  Frenchman  in  our  days 
considei's  '  cochon  '  the  most  opprobrious 
of  designations  ;  but  it  was  far  other- 
wise in  ancient  times,  as  witness  the 
'  pigs '  and  '  old  sows '  (Forci  and 
Scroffe),  eminent  ■  family  names  among 
the  Romans  ;  the  French  Legryce,  Legriel, 
&c. ;  and  our  own  indigenous  Hogg,  Pigg, 
Littlehog,  Wildbore,  &c.  The  arms  of  the 
various  branches  of  the  family  have  boars' 
heads,  allusive  to  the  name.  Comp.  Lovel 
from  Lupus.  The  Purcells  came  into  Eng- 
land at  the  Conquest,  and  there  is  a  tradi- 
tion of  their  descent  from  one  Hugh,  "  the 
first  of  the  followers  of  the  Bastard  Duke  to 
set  foot  on  the  shore  of  Pevensey,"  This 
personage  obtained  some  manors  in  Sussex, 
and  a  Geoffrey  Porcellus,  of  Surrey,  is 
mentioned  in  a  Pipe  Pioll  of  1131.  The 
family  were  planted  in  Ireland  by  Sir 
Hugh  Purcell,  who  took  part  in  the  subju- 
gation of  that  country  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  II.,  and  married  Beatrix,  daughter 
of  the  celebrated  Theobald  Butler.  '•  This 
name,"  says  Mr.  D'Alton,  '■  was  early  in- 
troduced into  Munster,  where  it  soon  be- 
came so  numerous  that  the  rolls  of  licenses 
for  protection  and  pardon  in  the  )'ear  1310, 
(in  prudence  then  necessitated),  included 
no  less  than  thirteen  adult  Purcells ;  while 
eight  years  previously,  Hugh,  Philij), 
Maurice,  and  Adam  Purcell  were  of  the 
Irish  magnates  summoned  to  the  Scottish 

war In  the  reign  of  Elizabeth  and 

James,  the  Purcells  were  seized  of  many 
castles  and  manors  in  Kilkenny." 

In  charters,  this  name  is  frequent!}',  and 
most  absurdly,  latinized  De  Porcellis. 

PURCHAS.     See  Purchase. 

PURCHASE.  Many  lands  and  tene- 
ments throughout  England  bear  this   de- 


signation, and  from  some  one  or  more  of 
them  we  probably  get  the  surname. 

PURCHES.     See  Purchase. 

PURDAY.     See  Pardew. 

PURDEW.     The  same  as  Pardew. 

PURDIE.     See  Pardew. 

PURDOM.     The  same  as  Prudhomme. 

PURDUE.     See  Pardew. 

PURDY.     See  Pardew. 

PUPtDAY.  A  probable  corruption  of 
Purdew. 

PURE.  An  ancient  surname,  one  Edi'ic 
Pure  having  held  lands  before  the  Conquest, 
Domesd.     A-^ax.  jjure,  sound. 

PUREFOY.  O.Fr.  pure  foy,  literally 
"  pure  faith."  Originally  applied  to  a 
faithful  ally  or  follower.  The  family  M'ere 
seated  at  Misterton,  co.  Leicester,  in  1277. 
The  motto  borne  by  one  branch  is  "  Pure 
/()]/  est  ma  joie." 

PURIER .  Perhaps  Fr. poirier,  a  peai'-tree. 

PURKESS.  PURKISS.  When  "William 
Eufus  was  shot  in  the  New  Forest,  his  body 
was  conveyed  to  Winchester  in  tJie  cart  of 
a  poor  coal-man  or  charcoal  burner,  wliose 
name,  according  to  tradition,  was  Purkess. 
"  He  became  the  ancestor  of  a  very  nu- 
merous tribe,  who  have  always  lived  near 
Stoney  Cross,  and  some  of  whom  may  still 
be  found  at  Minstead  : — 

"  And  still — so  runs  our  forest  creed — 
Flourish  that  pious  yeoman's  seed, 

E'en  in  the  self-same  spot ; 
One  horse  and  cart  their  little  store. 
Like  their  forefather's— neither  more 
Nor  less  the  cliUdren's  lot." 

W.  S.  Hose. 
They  have  never  become  richer  or  poorer 
since  the  day  of  the  king's  death."      Mur- 
ray's Handbook  of  Hants. 

The  family  may  be  ancient,  and  the  tra- 
dition true,  but  the  nanip  is  certainly  not 
older  than  the  XIII.  or  XIV.  century,  being 
an  obvious  corruption  of  Perkins,  through 
Perkiss,     See  Peter. 

PURNELL.        May    be    the    same    as 

Burnell. 
PURNE  Y.   Probably  the  same  as  Burney. 
PURSEGLOVE.     See  Purslow. 
PURSELL.     See  Purcell. 

PURSER.  A  bearer  of  the  purse — a 
treasurer. 

PURSEY.     A  corruption  of  Percy. 

PURSLOVE.  A  good  name  for  a  miser; 

but  see  Purslow. 

PURSLO^W.  A  lumdred  in  Shropshire. 
The  name  has  been  modified  to  Purslove, 
and  Purseglove,  and  tliis  last  has  been 
matter  for  a  little  legend  which  may  be 
found  in  Eng.  SiU'n.  ii.  17. 

PURSSEY.  A  corruption — and  hoiv 
great  a  one  ! — of  Percy, 

PURTON.  A  parish  in  Wiltshire.  "  The 
Purtons  arc  descended   from   lianulpli  de 


PUT 

Perton,  who,  in  the  latter  part  of  the  reign 
of  King  John,  and  tlie  beginning  of  Henry 
III.,  was  settled  at  Perton,  in  the  parish  of 
Tettenhall,  co.  Stafford."     B.L.G. 
PURVES.     See  Purvis. 

PURVIS.  According  to  the  account 
given  in  B.L.G.,  the  Purvises  of  Darsham, 
CO.  Suffolk,  originated  from  the  family  of 
Purvis  "  of  that  Ilk"  in  Scotland.  "  That 
Ilk,"  however,  does  not  appear  to  be 
identified,  although  the  name  Purvoys,  or 
Perves,  is  found  in  ancient  records  of  the 
Lowland  counties.  I  tliink  the  name  is 
more  likely  to  be  derived  from  the  A- 
'Norm.  2JC7'vis,  or  pa rvise,  ^vhich  Kelham  de- 
fines as,  "  the  outer  court  of  a  palace  or  great 
house.  ,  .  .  Such  was  the  place  in  Palace- 
Yard,  near  Westminster  Hall,  mentioned  by 
Fortescue,  De  Laud.  Leg.  Ang.  c.  51;  and 
Dugdale  also  takes  notice  of  the  Pervyse  of 
Pa?vles." 

PUSEY.  Pusey,  or  Pewsey,  a  parish  in 
Wiltshire,  which  belonged  to  the  family  in 
very  early  times.  Camden  thus  mentions 
the  antiquity  of  the  race  : — 

"  From  Kingston  Lisle,  the  rlA'-er  Ock, 
just  now  mentioned,  runs  through  Dench- 
worth  and  Pusey,  the  possession  of  a  family 
of  that  surname,  and  held  by  a  Horn,  given 
to  their  ancestors  b}^  King  Canutus  the 
Dane;"  to  which  his  editor  adds :  "Thus 
much  the  inscription  implies ;  but  both  the 
character  and  stile  thereof  are  modern, 
many  hundreds  of  years  after  the  Conquest ; 
so  that  of  what  antiquity  soever  the  Horn 
itself  may  be,  the  inscription  must  have 
been  added  long  after  the  age  of  Canutus. 
Not  but  the  tradition  of  Canutus's  giving 
it  may  probably  be  very  true,  since  there  are 
so  many  instances  of  this  kind  in  many  parts 
of  England  ;  and  Inguli)hus  has  expressly 
told  us,  that  in  those  days  it  was  common 
to  make  grants  of  lauds  by  horns  among 
other  things."  Gibson's  Camden,  i.  1G3. 
This  relic  is  described  and  figured  in 
Archasologia,  iii.  13,  from  whence  we  gain 
the  following  particulars.  The  horn  is  that 
of  an  ox,  of  moderate  size,  having  in  the 
middle  a  ring  of  silver  gilt,  and  neatly 
mounted  on  two  hound's  feet,  which  support 
the  whole.  The  inscription  on  the  ring,  in 
Old  English  characters,  is : — 

I-xung  l^notDlJc  grOc  ^Hynycim  pctosc 

STIjls"  IjOVllC  to  IjOltJC  liy  tl)!,)  loiiij. 
Dr.  Hickes  states,  that  both  the  horn  and 
manor  were,  in  his  time,  jjossessed  by 
Charles  Pusey,  Esq.,  who  had  recovered 
them  in  Chancery,  before  Lord  Chancellor 
Jefferies,  the  liorn  itself  being  produced  in 
court,  and  with  universal  admiration  re- 
ceived, admitted,  and  jnvivd  (!)  to  be  the 
identical  horn  by  Avhich,  as  by  a  charter, 
Canute  had  conveyed  the  manor  of  Pusey 
seven  hundred  years  before."  The  inscrip- 
tion is,  doubtless,  of  the  XV.  century,  but 
it  may  have  replaced  an  older  one,  and  the 
possessorship  of  the  estate  from  a  very  early 
period  is  indisputable. 
PUTLEY.     A   parish  in  Herefordshire. 

PUTNAM.     Puttenham,  parishes  in  cos. 
Hertford  and  Surrey. 


280 


PYW 


PUTNEY.     A  parish  in  Surrey. 

PUTT.  1.  See  Peddle.  2.  O.Fr.  a  pit. 
De  la  Putte.     H.R. 

PUTTICK.     The  same  as  Pnttock. 

PUTTOCK.  1.  Florence  of  Worcester 
mentions  an  Anglo-Saxon  called  Puttoo. 
2.  A  kite:  "metaphorically  applied,"  says 
Halliwell,  "  to  a  greedy,  ravenous  fellow." 
Puttoc.     H.R. 

PUZEY.     See  Pusey. 

PYATT.     See  Pyott. 

PYE.  One  of  the  many  surnames  de- 
rived from  Hugh.  Ap-Hugh  lias,  in  some 
parts  of  Wales,  been  corrupted  to  Pye.  See 
anecdote  in  Eng.  Surn.  i.  180.  It  may, 
however,  sometimes  be  derived  from  the 
bird,  now  called  the  May-pie,  the  first  syl- 
lable of  which  is  a  puerile  addition,  like 
Tom  and  Pv,obin,  in  '  Tom  Cat '  and  '  Robin 
Redbreast.'  Pye  is  the  true  0.  Eng.  name 
of  the  bird,  as  found  in  medieval  literature  ; 
e.g. : 

"  I  had  wonder  at  whom, 

And  where,  the  Pije  lerned 

To  lej'e  the  studies 

In  which  she  layeth  and  bredeth. 

Ther  nys  wrighte,  as  I  ween, 

Sholde  wercke  liiv  nestes  to  paj-e ; 

If  any  mason  made  a  molde  thereto, 

Much  ^^•onder  it  were." 

Piers  Plotoman,  p.  223. 
Let  me  go  a  little  out  of  my  way,  in 
making  use  of  an  illustrative  quotation,  to 
remarlv;,  that  this  really  poetical  idea  has 
been  hit  upon  by  a  much  more  recent  poet, 
who  had  probably  never  read  the  works  of 
the  Malvern  Dreamer  : 

"  A  bird's  nest ;  mark  it  well  -^ntliin,  without, 
No  tool  had  lie  that  wrouglit,no  knife  to  cut, 
No  bodlcin  to  insert,  his  little  beak  was  all ; 
And  yet  how  neatly  finished !    What  nice  hand, 
AVith  every  implement  and  means  of  art, 
And  twenty  years'  apprenticeship  to  boot, 
Could  make  me  such  another ! " 

Hurdis. 

PYECROFT.  Local:  "the  croft  fre- 
quented by  magpies." 

PYEFINCn.     A  provincial  name  of  the 

chaffinch. 

PYKE.     See  Pike. 

PYLE.  The  same  as  Peel.  There  is  a 
Northumbrian  clan  of  this  surname. 

PY]\L     The  family   of  John    Pjm,  the 

regicide,  were  of  respectable  antiquity  in 
Somersetshire,  being  traced  to  Philip  Pym, 
of  Brymmore,  co.  Somerset,  12.  Edward 
IV.     The  origin  of  the  name  is  doubtful. 

PYSIAN.  A  destroj'er  of  magpies  and 
other  winged  depredators  ?  Analogous  to 
the  modern  "crow  tender."  Comj).  Todman. 

PYNE.  See  Pine.  Robt.  and  Jno.  Pyne, 
Protestant  refugees  from  Dieppe,  landed  at 
Rye,  1572.     Harl.  MS.  15.  70. 

PYOTT.       An    Eng.   provincialism   for 

a  magpie. 
PYPARD.     See  Pipard. 
PYRKE.     See  Peter. 

PYWELL.    Local:  "the  spring  resorted 

to  by  magpies  ?" 


QUA 


281 


QUA 


Quadrupeds,  Names  of,  iviack 

liave  bpconir.  Suniames.      The  classifica- 
tion of  my  iugenious  friend,  Mr.  Clarli, 
runs  thus : — 
"Bull,  Cow,  Bullock,  Bear  and  Ram, 

Lyon,  Tyger,  Wolf,  and  Lamb ; 

Pigg,  Fox,  Ferrett,  Buck,  and  Doe, 

Leppard,  Panther,  Hind,  and  Roe ; 

Camel,  Catt,  Colt,  Calf,  and  Foal, 

Bruin,  Badger,  Beaver,  Mole; 

Rabbit,  Squirrel,  Stagg,  and  Hare, 

Lambkin,  Stoat,  Fitch,  Steed,  and  Mare  ; 

Griffin,  Galloway,  and  Horse, 

Hunter— fleetest  of  the  course ; 

Pussy,  Cattle,  Calver,  Cony, 

Palfry,  too,  but  not  a  Pony  ; 

Wheeler,  Leader,  Gelding,  Trotter, 

Wildbore,  Nagg,  Mouse,  Mule,  and  Otter  ; 

Roebuck,  Reynard,  Stallion,  Hogg, 

Cobb  and  Pointer— but  no  Dog." 

As  I  have  remarked  in  the  article 
"  Fishes,"  many  of  these  names  must 
not  be  taken  au  pied  de  la,  letfre,  es- 
pecially those  which  express  varieties 
of  the  horse,  as  Hunter,  Galloway, 
Cobb,  Wheeler,  Leader,  Steed.  We 
must  also  except  Otter,  and  Reynard, 
which  are  personal,  or  bai^tismal 
names  ;  and  Hind,  Badger,  and  Pointer, 
which  are  names  of  employments,  and 
various  others.  Several  seem  to  have 
been  derived  from  Heraldry,  and  others 
were  probably  applied  metaphorically, 
to  denote  the  character,  or  some  quality, 
of  the  original  bearer.  See  observa- 
tions on  this  subject  in  English  Surn., 
vol.  i.  p.  176. 
QUAE.    A  Gaelic  name,  usually  prefixed 

by  Mac. 

QUAIFE.  The  family  seem  always  to 
have  been  principally  resident  in  EastSussex, 
and  West  Kent.  Until  within  the  last  150 
years,  the  name  has  been  spelt  Coyf,  and 
Coyfe,  and  tradition  says,  that  the  ancestor 
of  the  family  came  into  England  witli  the 
Conqueror,  and  that,  at  the  Battle  of 
Hastings,  he  wore  a  hood  instead  of  a  hel- 
met ;  loide  nomen.  It  is  worthy  of  notice, 
that  the  name  Caperoun,  the  Old  French 
for  a  hood,  is  found  in  the  Roll  of  Battel 
Abbey,  and  also  that  the  family  have  long 
resided  near  Battel,  the  scene  of  the  ex- 
ploits of  the  presumed  founder  of  the 
name. 

QUAIN.     O.  Eng.  quaint,  neat,  elegant. 

QUAINT.     See  Quain. 

QUAESTTANCE.  An  acquaintance  ;  ana- 
logous to  Friend,  Neighbour,  &c. 

QUAINTON.     A  parish  in  Buckingham- 
shire. 

2  0 


QUAKELY.  Mr.  Ferguson  derives  it 
from  0.  Norse  quelJdcgr^ excitable,  inflam- 
mable. 

^^  QUALITIES.     Under  this  title,  Mr. 
Clark,  in  his  amusing  list  of  Surnames, 
has  arranged  a  goodly  number  of  family 
designations,  representing  various  pas- 
sions and  abstract  ideas,  thus  :— 
"Anger,  Affection,  and  AmiES,_ 
Bane,  Anguish,  Bravery,  and  Bliss ; 
Cant,  Concord,  Comfort,  Craft,  and  Crime, 
Hope.  Joy,  and  Grief— subdued  by  time  ; 
Faith,  Fortune,  Fancy,  Force,  and  Fear, 
Experience,  Danger,  Evil,  Care  ; 
Choice,  Courage,  Gallantry,  and  Skill, 
Chance,  Folly,  Vigour,  Want,  and  Will ; 
Grace,  Honour,  Justice,  Worth,  and  Reason, 
Service  and  Treasure  (but  no  Treason) ; 
Love,  Truelove,  Liberty,  and  Weal, 
Guile,  Mercy,  Wisdom,  Wit,  and  Zeal ; 
Trash,  Twaddle,  Tattle,  Thrift,  and  Trust, 
Height,  Hatred,  Plazard,  Haste,  and  Rust; 
Pride,  Prudence,  Patience,  Pain,  and  Pluck, 
Vice,  Virtue,  Villany,  and  Luck  ; 
Youth,  Motion,  Tallent,  Welfare,  Need, 
AVrath,  Fury,  Thickness,  Spite,  and  Speed; 
Fudge.  Foresight,  Fitness,  Forecast,  State, 
Pom"}),  Service,  Innocence,  and  Weight." 
It  is  extremely  difficult  to   account 
for  this  class  of  names.     A  few  of  them 
may  have  been  borrowed  from  the  cha- 
racters who  performed  in  the  mijsteries, 
miracle  plays,  and  pageants,  ofthe  mid- 
dle ages  (see  Eng.  Surn.,  vol.  i.  p.  228);  but 
most  of  them  are,  I  suspect,  either  cor- 
ruptions of  other  names,  or  words  which 
are  susceptible  of  a  different  interpre- 
tation.     For    instance.    Anger,    Hope, 
Worth,  Wisdom,  and  others  are  local ; 
Bane  and  Thickness  relate  to  personal 
characteristics ;  Weight  is  a  corruption 
of  Wait,  a  minstrel,  &c.,  &c. 
QUARLES      \.  O.^.quard.     A  stone- 
quarry.     2.  An  extra-parochial  district  in 
the  hundred  of  North  Greenhoe,  co.  Nor- 
folk. 
QUARMAN.     A  (|aarryman. 

QUARRELL.  The  bolt,  or  arrow,  shot 
from  a  cross-bow  was  so  called ;  but  the 
surname  is  evidently  derived  from  0.  Eng. 
qmi-el,  a  stone  quarry,  and  is  thus  cognate 
with  Pitt,  Hole,  &c.  Q.uarel.  H.R. 
QUARREOUR.      A     quarryman.       Le 

!      Quareur.    H.R. 

j    QUARRIE.     The  Gaelic  Mac  Quarric, 

j      deprived  of  its  prefix. 

'    QUARRIEll.     Either  a  quarryman,  or 
the  quarry  itself.     Fr.  cnrriirc.     Tiie  Ad 
Quarer,  and  De  la  Quarrere  of  the  H.R.  sup- 
port the  latter  derivation. 
QUARRY.     From  re^sidence  near  one. 


RAB 


282 


EAB 


QUARTERMAINE.  QUARTER- 

MAN.     See  Quatremaine. 

QUATREMAINE.  Fr.  "four  hands," 
which  form  the  charge  of  the  familj'  shield, 
though  one  woidd  hardly  venture  to  place 
the  bearers  of  the  name  in  the  qvadvu- 
manous  or  monkey  tribe !  In  France  we 
find  a  family  of  Quatrebarbes,  whose  arms 
are  likewise  descriptive,  being  four  beards  ! 
Quatremayns,  Quatremeyns,  &c.     H.R. 

QUAY.     From  residence  near  one. 

QUAYLE.  An  ancient  family  in  the 
Isle  of  Man.     B.L.G. 

QUEELTY.     The  same  as  Keelty. 

QUEEN.  The  Gaelic  Mac  Queen,  sans 
Mac. 

QUEERAN.  An  old  Scottish  personal 
name — Queran.  St.  Queran,  a  Scotch  Abbot, 
is  honoured  in  the  Roman  calendar  on 
Sept.  9. 

QUELCH.  A  northern  guttural  pro- 
nunciation of  Welch  or  Welsh. 

QUENNEL.  O.  F.  quesnel ;  an  oak 
tree.    Quesnel  is  a  well-known  Fr.  surname. 

QUENTIN.     See  St.  Quentin. 

QUHITELAW.  "  Of  that  Ilk,"  in 
Scotland.  I  cannot  find  the  place,  unless 
'\^liitelaw,  on  the  Cheviots,  is  intended. 

QUICK.     Lively,  vivacious  in  disposition. 

QUICKE.     See  Quick. 

QUILLAN.  "The  Mae  Quillans  were 
lords  of  the  territory  of  the  Routes,  in  co. 
Antrim,  holding  their  chief  residence  in 
the  fine  old  sea-girt  castle  of  Dunluce. 
They  are  considered  to  have  been  invaders, 
from  Wales,  on  earlier  inhabitants  of  the 
North."     D'Altou. 

QUILLIAMS.  A  strongly  aspirated 
t^rm  of  Williams.     Ferguson. 

QUILLISH.       Mr.   Ferguson   considers 


this  an  aspirated  form  of  Willis,  which  is 
probable. 

QUILL Y.  Quilli,  a  place  in  the  arron- 
dissement  of  Falaise,  in  Normandy. 

QUILSON.  As  both  Quill  and  Quilson 
exist  as  surnames,  Quil  or  Quill  would 
appear  to  l^e  an  obsolete  personal  name. 

QUIETER.     A  maker  of  quilts. 

QUILTON".     The  Gaelic  Mac  Quilton, 

sans  Mac. 

QUIN.  An  ancient  Celtic  personal  name, 
found  in  Ireland  as  O'Quin,  and  in  Scotland 
as  Mac  Quin.     See  O'Quinn. 

QUINAN.  An  old  personal  name  in 
Ireland. 

QUINCE.     The  same  as  Quincy. 

QUINCY,  DE.      The  name  Is  in  Holln- 

shed's  list  of  the  followers  of  William  the 
Conqueror  ;  but  I  believe  the  family  were  of 
no  importance  in  England  until  the  reign  of 
Henry  XL,  when  Saicr  de  Quincy  had  a 
grant  from  the  crown,  of  the  manor  of 
Bushby,  co.  Northampton.  His  son,  of  the 
same  name,  was  created  Earl  of  Win- 
chester by  King  John.  Of  the  locality  of 
Quincy  I  am  ignorant.  In  charters,  the 
name  was  latinized  De  Quinciato,  De 
Quinci,  De  Quency. 

QUINLAN.       Probably    an    old    Irish 

personal  name. 

QUINN.     See  Quin  and  O'Quinn. 

QUINTEN.     See  St.  Quintin. 

QUINTIN.     See  St.  Quintin. 

QUIN  TON.  A  parish  in  Northampton- 
shire. 

QUIRKE.  The  O'CuIrces,  or  Mac 
Quirkes,  were  an  ancient  sept  in  Munster. 
D'Altou. 

QUOMMAN.     The  same  as  Quarman. 


RaAB.     See  Rabe. 


RABBIT.     Perhaps  from    some   fancied 

resemblance   to   that   animal.      Hahett  is, 

however,  an  archaism  for  a  war-horse ;  thus 

in  a  ]\IS.  quoted  by  Halliwell : — 

"  Then  carae  the  dewlte  SegwjTle  ryglit, 
Armed  on  a  rabett  wyght,— " 

i.e.  on  a  strong  charger.     And — 

"  Sir  Guy  hestrocle  a  rahjghte, 
That  was  inoche  and  lyghte." 

Eabut  is  the  form  in  H.R, 


RABE.     Germ,  rabe,  a  raven  or  crow. 

RABETT.  See  Rabbit.  This  ancient 
family,  who  have  resided  at  Bramfield,  co. 
Suffolk,  for  several  centuries,  claim  a  Nor- 
man descent.  B.L.G.  For  the  etymology 
see  Rabbit. 

RABONE.     The  same  as  Rathbone, 

RABY.  A  township  In  Durham,  famous 
for  its  castle ;  also  another  township  in 
Cheshire, 


RAG 


283 


RAL 


RACE.  In  Yorkshire,  a  rivulet;  in  the 
South,  a  mill-stream ;  also  the  meeting  of 
two  tides,  as  Portland  Race.  The  H.R. 
Race,  without  prefix,  api^ears  to  point  to 
some  other  origin. 

RACHEL.    See  Female  Christian  Names. 

RACINE.  Fr.  a  root— a  singular  but 
illustrious  surname  in  France.  We  have 
also  the  synonymous  Radix,  and  Roots. 

RACK.  This  word,  in  our  provincial 
dialects,  and  in  Old  English,  has  so  many 
meanings,  that  it  Is  difficult  to  decide  on  the 
probable  origin  of  the  name.  Halliwell 
gives  no  less  than  seventeen  distinct  defini- 
tions of  the  word,  and  I  could,  if  need  were, 
add  several  more. 

RACKET.  Camden,  speaking  of  sur- 
names assumed  from  inn  and  traders'  signs, 
mentions  'Robin  at  the  Racket'  as  a  name  so 
derived.  I  know  not  what  racliet  may 
imply,  except  that  it  is  the  garment  thus 
described  by  Jamieson :  ''A  dress  frock. 
Su.  Gothic,  roclte,  Armorican,  roliet,  Fr. 
rochet,  toga." 

RACKHAM.     A  hamlet  in  Sussex. 

RADCLIFFE.     See  Radcljffe. 

RADCLYFFE.  A  well-known  family, 
"  who  trace  their  descent  to  Richard  R.  of 
Radclitfe  Tower,  near  Bury,  co.  Lancaster, 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  I."  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men. 

RADFORD.  Villages  and  hamlets  in 
cos.  Nottingham,  Oxford,  and  Warwick. 

RADIX.     See  Racine. 

RADLEY.     A  parish  in  Berkshire. 

RADMALL,     See  Radmell. 

RADMELL.  Rodmill,  co.  Sussex— for- 
merly written  Radmell.  It  had  owners  of 
its  own  name,  called  De  Rademylde,  in  the 
XIV.  cent. 

RADNOR.     A  town  in  Radnorshii'e. 

RAD  WAY.      A  parish  in  Warwickshire. 

RAE.  Either  the  Gaelic  jMac  Rae,  de- 
prived of  its  prefix;  or  rae,  the  Scottish  form 
of  roe,  a  deer.  Bn,  probably  with  the  latter 
meaning,  is  found  in  A- Sax.  times,  as  a 
Christian  name. 

RAEBURN.  A  stream  in  the  parish  of 
Eskdalemuir,  co.  Dumfries. 

RAFFLES.  A  place  in  the  parish  of 
Mouswald,  in  Dumfries-shire.  That  parish 
contains  five  old  border  fortresses;  the 
least  dilapidated  is  that  of  Raffles.  Gaz. 
Scotl. 

RAFTER.  A  man  who  floats  a  raft  of 
timber  down  a  rivei- 1 

R.\GGETT.  Reigate,  in  Surrey,  is 
locally  so  lu'onounced. 

RAGLAND.  Raglan,  aparish  and  castle 
in  Monmouthshire. 

RAGLES.S.  Qu.  reckless? — devoid,  not 
of  ra^s — though  Le  Ragged  is  a  H.R.  sur- 
naiue — but  of  recce  (A-Sax)care,  caution. 


RAGSDALE.  Ragdale,  a  parish  in  Lei- 
cestershire. 

RAIKE.  RAIKES.  In  Scotl.  a  rake,  or 
ral7i%  is  the  extent  of  a  course,  walk,  or  fish- 
ing ground,  as  sheep-raik,  cattle-raik,  kc. 
See  Jamieson. 

RAILTON.  Probably  the  same  as 
Relton. 

RAIMENT.     Doubtless  a  corruption  of 

Raymond. 

RAINBOW.      Probably  from  an  inn  or 

trader's  sign. 

RAINE.  RAYNE.  The  northern  fami- 
lies probably  sprang  from  Rayne,  co.  Aber- 
deen ;  the  southern  from  Raiue,  co.  Essex. 

RAINES.  I.  An  old  spelling  of  the 
town  of  Rennes,  in  Brittany.  2.  But  the 
Raineses  of  Essex,  Yorkshire,  and  Sussex, 
descend  from  Roger,  a  companion  in  arms 
of  William  the  Conqueror,  who  rewarded 
him  with  lands  at  Rayne  in  Essex  and  else- 
where. Hence  he  and  his  posterity  ac- 
quired the  name  of  De  Raines,  or  Raneis. 
Morant's  Essex. 

RAINS.     See  Raines. 

RAINY.  R.VINEY.  Fr.  Re?2c,  renatus, 
boru-again,  has  been  suggested  as  a  pro- 
bable origin.     See,  however,  Reynolds. 

RAISIN.  Raisen  is  the  name  of  three 
parishes,  one  of  which  comprises  the  town 
of  Jlarket  Raisin,  all  in  the  county  of  Lin- 
coln. 

RAIT.  The  ancient  family  of  Rait  of 
Halgreen,  co.  Kincardine,  derived  their  sur- 
name from  the  lauds  of  Rate  in  Perthshire. 
B.L.G.  There  is  a  village  in  the  last-named 
county  called  Rait. 

RAKE.     See  Raike. 

RALEIGH.  An  ancient  Devonshire 
family,  who,  according  to  Fuller,  derived 
their  name  from  "a  well-known  town"  in 
that  county.  I  cannot  discover  any  town, 
or  even  village,  so  called,  though  the  name 
is  indissolubly  connected  with  the  shire, 
in  the  persons  of  the  two  famous  Raleighs 
■ — -William,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  temp. 
Henry  III.,  and  the  renowned,  but  unfor- 
tunate, Sir  Walter,  who  were  both  born 
■within  its  limits.  In  the  Rotuli  Hundredo- 
rum  for  the  county  of  Somerset,  there  is  a 
Warinus  de  Raleghe. 

R  ALFS.     A  derivative  of  Ralph. 

RALPH.  The  personal  name  Radulphus, 
introduced  at  the  time  of  the  Norman  Con- 
quest. It  has  given  rise  to  Relfe,  Realf, 
Ralfs,  Raw,  Rawes,  Rawson,  Rason,  Raw- 
lins, Rawlings,  Rawlinson,  Roaf,  Rolfe,  and 
other  surnames. 

RALSTON.  The  Ralstons  "of  that  Ilk" 
are  descended  from  the  Mac  Duffs,  Thanes 
or  Earls  of  Fife,  one  of  whom  had  a  son 
Ralph.  The  latter,  obtaining  a  grant  of 
lands  in  Renfrewshire,  called  them  after  his 
own  name,  Ralphs-toune.  In  process  of 
time,  his  descendants,  continuing  on  the 
same  estate,  wrote  themselves  De  Ralphs- 


RAN 


284 


jl  A  S 


toune,  or,  by  softened  pronunciation,Ealston. 
See  Crawfurd's  Renfrewshire.  See  an  ana- 
logous instance,  in  Fethcrstonliaugli,  of  a 
place  originally  deriving  its  appellation 
from  the  personal  name  of  its  owner,  and 
afterwards,  with  an  addition,  becoming  the 
hereditary  surname  of  his  descendants. 

RAM.  1.  From  the  animal,  like  Bull, 
Hart,  &c.  2.  j\Ir.  Ferguson  derives  it  from 
O.-High  Germ.,  ram,  0.- Norse,  ramr, 
strong,  vigorous,  wliicli  enters  into  the 
compounds  Bertram,  Ingram,  &c.  H.R. 
Le  Ram. 

RAM  AGE.  A.- Norm.  Wild.  Halliwell. 
Jamieson  AefrnQs  ram  mage  as  rash,  thought- 
less, furious. 

RAjME.  a  Cornish  family.  The  name 
is  doubtless  derived  from  the  manor  and 
parish  of  Rarae.     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

RAMM.     See  Ram. 

RAMRIDGE  Local:  the  former  sylla- 
ble may  be  derived  from  the  same  source  as 
the  first  in  Ramsbotham,  or  Ramsbottom, 
which  see ;  the  latter  syllable  is  the  anti- 
thesis  of  -BOTTOIM. 

RAMSAY.  This  name  is  totally  dis- 
tinct from  that  of  Ramsey.  The  Earl  of 
Dalhousie's  family  are  said  to  be  of  German 
extraction.  TJiey  are  traced  from  Simon 
de  Ramsay  of  Dalhousie,  in  Lothian,  temp. 
David  I.  1 140.  The  lauds  of  Ramsay  are  in 
Argyleshire. 

RAMSBOTIIA:\r.   RAMSBOTTOM.    I 

am  assured  that  this  local  siu'uame  is  trace- 
able to  the  eleventh  century.  The  locus  in 
quo  appears  to  be  in  the  parish  of  Bury, 
CO.  Lancaster,  usually  called  llomshottom. 
Bottom,  I  have  already  explained  as  a 
valley,  or  low  ground,  and  the  qualifying 
syllable  is  borrowed  from  the  rho7iis,  vamhs, 
or  rantps,  wild  onions,  whose  botanical 
habitat  is  said  to  be  localized  to  the  place 
referred  to,  and  to  Banisdan  in  the  same 
vicinit}'. 

RAMSDALE.  Equivalent  to  Ramsbot- 
tom, which  see. 

RAMSDEN.  A  hamlet  in  co.  Oxon,  and 
a  place  near  Burj^,  co.  Lancaster.  Tv,'o 
parishes  in  Essex  are  called  Ramsdon. 

RAMSEY.     Parishes  in  Huntingdonshire 

and  Essex. 

RAND.  1.  A  parish  near  Wragby,  in 
Lincolnshire.  2.  A  curt  form  of  Randall 
or  Randolf. 

RANDALL.  Sec  Randolph.  This  name 
has  been  confounded  with  Rundle.  See 
Eundle. 

RANDOLF.  RANDOLriL  The  bap- 
tismal name.  It  has  given  rise  to  many 
diminutives,  as  Randoll,  Randall,  Rankin, 
Banecock,  Rands,  Ranson,  Hankin,  Hanks, 
Haukinson,  Hankey,  &c. 

RANDOLL.     See  Randolf,  and  Rundle. 

RANDS.    See  Randolf. 


RANECOCK.     A  diminutive  of  Randolf- 

See  Cock. 

RANFORD.  Rainford,  a  chapelry,  co. 
Lancaster. 

RANGER.  A  sworn  oflicer,  whose  busi- 
ness it  was,  under  the  old  forest  laws,  to  per- 
form the  duties  jnentioned  in  the  following 
oath  : — 

"  TJie  Oath  of  a  Ranger. 
"  You  shall  well  and  truly  execute  the 
office  of  a  Ranger,  in  the  purlieus  of  W. 
upon  the  borders  of  the  King's  Forest  of 
W.  You  shall  re-chase  and  with  your 
hounds  drive  back  again,  tlie  wild  beasts 
of  the  Forest,  as  often  as  they  shall  I'angeout 
of  the  same  Forest  into  your  purlieus.  You 
shall  truly  present  all  unlawful  hunting,  & 
hunters  of  wild  beasts  of  venery  and  chase, 
as  well  within  tlie  ponraUeea  (perambula- 
tions), as  within  the  Forest,  and  those  and 
all  other  offences  you  shall  present  at  the 
next  Court  of  Attachments  or  Swainmote 
which  shall  first  happen.  So  help  you 
God." — NeUon^s  Laws  of  Game. 

RANKIN.  I  always  considered  this  a 
diminutive  of  Randolf  (see  Hankin) ;  but 
there  is  a  tradition  of  descent  from  one  John, 
son  of  a  knight  called  Jacob  de  Rankine, 
burgomaster  of  Ghent,  who  married  a 
daughter  of  the  head  of  the  house  of  Keith, 
and  became  progenitor  of  the  Rankines, 
Ranking,  Rankens,  Rankings,  and  Rang- 
kings  of  Scotland,  who  are  i-ather  numerous 
in  the  West,  and  on  the  border.  The  tradi- 
tion is,  however,  dateless  and  vague.  Inf. 
M.  H.  Rankin,  Esq. 

RANSCOMB.     A  place  near  Lewes,  co. 

Sussex. 

RANSOM.  RANSOME.  From  analo- 
gous corrui)tions,  I  should  say,  that  this 
name  was  originally  Ransham,  though  I 
find  no  jjlace  so  called.  Mr.  Ferguson,  with 
his  accustomed  facility,  finds  the  etymon  in 
the  O.-Norse  ransamr,  pra'dabuudus,  pira- 
tical. "  What  curious  changes,"  says  he, 
"the  whirligig  of  time  brings  round.  AVe 
take  our  money  to  the  descendant  of  the  old 
sea-robber  to  take  care  of  for  us — Ransom 
&  Co.,  bankers,  Pall  Mall.  Another  Ean- 
some  has  turned  his  sword  into  a  plough- 
share, and  become  famed  as  a  maker  of 
agricultural  implements  at  Ipswich." 

RANSON.     See  Randolf 

RAPER.  An  old  spelling  of  Roper, 
which  see. 

RAPHAEL.  The  designation  of  an 
archangel,  which  became,  like  Michael,  a 
name  of  men.     It  is  chiefiy  borne  by  Jews. 

RAPKIN.  A  contraction  of  Ralphkin, 
a  dimunitive  of  Ralph. 

RAPP.     Germ,  rapp^  quick,  swift  of  foot. 

RAPSON.  A  contraction  of  RaljAson, 
the  son  of  Ralph. 

RASHLEIGH.  "Rashlcigh  in  the  par- 
ish of  Wemwortliy,  in  Devonshire,  gave 
name  to  this  ancient  family,  the  elder  line 


R  A  W 


•285 


K  A  Y 


of  whicli  became  extinct,  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  VII."  Sliirley'a  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men. 

RASTRICK.  A  chapelry  in  the  parish 
of  Halifax,  co.  York,  where  the  family  re- 
sided in  1250.  See  Watson's  Hist,  of  Hali- 
fa.K. 

RAT.  The  annual  :  a  sobriqnet.  Le 
Eat.  H.R. 

RATCLIFF.  RATCLIFFE.  Parishes 
and  ])laces  in  cos.  Nottingham,  Leicester, 
and  Middlesex. 

RATE.  Has  been  exphiined  as  the 
Irish  raitJie,  arbiter,  umpire. 

RATHBONE.  1.  An  ancient  personal 
name?  2.  A  corruption  of  Eathbourue 
(A-Sax.),  a  quick  or  rapid  stream. 

RATHER  HAM.  A  corruption  of  Ro- 
therham. 

RATLIFF.     A  corruption  of  Ratcliffe. 

RATTLEBAG.  I  know  not  whether 
this  odd  surname  still  exists.  It  is  common 
in  old  records,  as  Eatellebagg.  It  is  proba- 
bly synonymous  with  the  O.-Fr.  clarpieur, 
a  leper  or  lazar,  so  called  because  he  col- 
lected alms  by  means  of  a  clarjvette.  clack- 
dish,  or  "rattle-trap,"  which  answered  the 
two-fold  purpose  of  calling  the  attention  of 
the  charitable, and  at  the  same  time  of  warn- 
ing them  against  a  too  near  approach  to  the 
unfortunate  leper. 

R  ATTON.  An  estate  at  Willingdon,  co. 
Sussex,  on  which  the  family  were  resident 
in  the  XIV.  century. 

RATTRAY.  Derived  from  a  barony  of 
the  same  name  in  Perthshire.  The  first  of 
the  name  on  record  is  Alan  de  RatheriiT, 
who  lived  in  the  reigns  of  "William  the  Lion 
and  Alexander  II.  B.L.G.  The  family  still 
reside  at  Craighall,  in  the  parish  of  Eattray. 

RAVEN.  A  personal  name  derived  from 
the  bird,  borne  in  the  Danish  standard. 
The  Domesday  of  Leicestershire  presents  us 
with  a  tenant  in  chief  called  Raven — a  ti-ue 
Scandinavian,  doubtless.  Rafn  still  exists 
in  Denmark  as  a  personal  name,  and  is 
borne  as  a  surname  by  a  distinguished  pro- 
fessor and  archajologist  of  Copenhagen. 

RAVENHILL.  Local :  "  the  Hill  fre- 
quented by  Ravens." 

RAA^ENS.     The  genitive  form  of  Raven. 

RAVENSCROFT.  A  township  in 
Cheshire. 

RAVENSFIELD.  A  parish  in  York- 
shire.    De  Eafnesfield.  H.R.  of  that  county. 

RAVENS  HOLT.  Local  :  "the  Holt  fre- 
quented by  Ravens." 

RAVENSTONE.  Parishes  in  cos.  Buck- 
ingham and  Derby. 

RAW.  L  Tliis  name,  and  Rawes,  are  di- 
minutives of  Ralph.  2.  The  northern  form 
of  Eow,  Rowe.  3.  A  township  in  Northum- 
berland. 

R  AWBOXE,    A  corruption  of  Rathbone. 


RAWCLIFFE.  Townships,  &c.,  in  cos. 
York  and  Lancaster — two  in  each.  Tbe 
ancient  orthography  seems  to  have  been 
Rockliffe. 

RAWDON.  An  estate  in  tlie  parish  of 
Guiselcy,  co.  York,  is  "  the  original  scat  of 
this  ancient  family,  which  is  traced  toThor 
de  Rawdon,  whose  son  Serlo  lived  in  the 
reign  of  Stephen.  Rawdon  remained  the 
family  residence  till  early  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  when  Sir  George  Rawdon,  the  then 
head  of  the  house  removed  into  the  North 
of  Ireland,  and  v.-as  seated  at  Moira,  in  the 
county  of  Down,  where  the  family  princi- 
pallj'  lived  till  the  match  with  the  heiress 
of  Hastings  in  r7.'J2."  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men. 

RAAVES.     See  Raw. 
RAWLEIGH.     See  Raleigh. 
RAWLEY.     The  same  as  Raleigh. 

RAWLINGS.         RAAVLINS.  See 

Ralph. 

RAWLINSON.     See  Ralph. 
RAWSON.     See  Raw,  and  Ralph. 

RAWSTORNE.  This  family  designated 
by  Burke,  "  ancient  and  worshipful,"  are 
stated  to  have  been  settled  for  centuries  in 
Lancashire,  though  he  only  traces  them  to 
37  Henry  VIII.  The  name  would  appear 
to  be  derived  from  Rawston  in  that  county. 

RAY.  The  estate  of  Gill,  in  the  parish 
of  Bromfield,  co.  Cumberland,  belonged  to 
the  family  of  Reay,  or  Ra_y,  from  tlie  time  of 
William  the  Lion,  king  of  Scotland,  who 
died  in  1214.  Tradition  says,  that  the  ori- 
ginal Ray  was  a  faithful  adherent  of  the 
Scottish  monarch,  by  whom  he  was  greatly 
esteemed,  for  his  extraordinary  swiftness  of 
foot  in  pursuing  the  deer  (which,  like  that 
of  the  Homeric  hero,  woSa^  ii}KVQ 'Axi^^tvQ, 
exceeded  that  of  most  horsemen  and  dogs) 
and  who  gave  him  the  estate.  The  tenure 
was  by  a  pepper-corn  rent,  with  the  stipu- 
lation, that  the  name  of  William  should  be 
perpetuated  in  the  familj-.  This  was 
strictly  observed  from  generation  to  gene- 
ration, until  the  latter  half  of  the  last  cen- 
tury, when  the  Mr.  William  Reay  in  pos- 
session gave  to  the  '  hope  of  the  house '  the 
name  of  John.  From  these  Reaj-s  have 
sprung  most,  if  not  all,  the  Rays,  Wreys, 
and  Wrays,  in  England.  John  Ray,  the 
naturalist,  originally  wrote  himself  Wray, 
and  his  ancestors,  who  but  a  generation  or 
two  before  had  emigrated  from  Cumbei"- 
land,  spelt  their  name  indifferently  Wray 
or  Wrey.  The  surname  itself  was  probably 
borrowed  from  the  sobriquet  of  William  the 
Lion's  fleet-footed  vassal,  lia,  or  raa.  being 
the  A-Sax.,  and  rae  the  Lowland  Scottish 
for  a  roe.  Hutchinson's  Cumberland,  1794-, 
vol.  ii.  p.  302.  The  fish  called  a  ray  was  so 
named  after  the  great  naturalist. 
There  are  several  Le  Rays  in  H.R. 

RAYDEN.  RAYDON.  Rajdon,  or 
Roydon.  a  parish  in  Suffolk,  and  Re3xlon, 
or  Roydon,  a  parish  in  Norfolk 


RE  A 


286 


RED 


RAYMENT.     See  Raiment. 

RAYMOND.  An  ancient  Christian 
name — Raimundiis.  It  was  inti'oduced  at 
the  Conquest,  or  soon  after. 

The  Irish  Raymonds  have  been  supposed 
to  be  descendants  of  Ra3'mond  le  Gros, 
the  invader  of  Ireland,  temp.  Henry  II., 
especially  as  they  held  possessions  within 
the  ancient  territory  of  "The  Clanmaurice." 
It  appears,  however,  more  likely  that  they 
sprang  from  the  family  of  Raymond  of 
Essex,  and  settled  in  the  sister  kingdom  so 
lately  as  the  end  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth. 
See  B.L.G. 

RAYNB.     See  Raiue. 

RAYNER.  An  old  personal  name. 
RajTierus  occurs  as  a  Herefordshire  tenant 
in  capita  in  Domesday.  Reyner  and  Fil' 
Reyner.     H.R. 

RAYNES.     See  Raines. 

RAYNHAM.    Rainham,  a  parish  in  Kent. 

REA.     See  Ray,  and  Rae. 

REACH.  In  the  South,  means  a  creek, 
and  sometimes  a  part  of  a  river  more  than 
usually  straight.  A  Scottish  family-name 
of  the  same  orthography  is  jironounced  as 
a  dissyllable,  with  the  ch  hard,  He-ach,  and 
is  referred  to  a  Celtic  origin.  A  gentleman 
dining  in  a  mixed  company  with  one  of 
the  pi-oprietors  of  this  name,  whom  he  only 
knew  by  his  writings,  naturally  enough 
called  him  IMr.  Reach  {ck  soft),  and  was 
corrected  with  the  observation,  that  ch 
should  be  sounded  like  k.  "  I  beg  Mr. 
Re-acli's  paixlon,"  promptly  replied  the 
offender,  "and  as  he  is  presiding  over  the 
dessert,  I'll  just  trouble  him  to  send  me  a 
jje-aekP'' 

READ.  READE.  Red.  See  Reed  and 
Reid. 

READER.  In  tlie  archives  of  Norwich, 
reders  aud  tylers  occur  in  juxta-position  ; 
wherefore  it  is  probable  that  the  employ- 
ment of  the  reder  was  that  of  thatching 
buildings  with  reeds.  H.R.  Le  Reder,  Le 
Redere. 

READING.     A  town  in  Berkshire. 

RE  ADM  AN.  1.  See  Redman.  2.  Pos- 
sibly reV7,  A-Sax.  counsel,  and  man — a 
counsellor  or  adviser.  3.  The  A-Sax.  per- 
sonal name  Redmund. 

READ  WIN.     See  Redwin. 

READY.  One  of  a  quick  or  willing  dis- 
position. 

RE.ILF.     See  Ralph. 

REARDEN.     See  Riordan. 

REARDON.     See  Riordan. 

REASON.  Has  probably  no  relation  to 
that  which  distinguishes  the  man  from  the 
brute.  It  is  perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Reeve's-son — analogous  to  Stewardson, 
Cookson,  &c. 

REAY.  See  under  Ray.  The  Reays  of 
Scotland,  however,  more  probably  sprang 


from  Reay,  a  parish  in  the  shires  of  Caith- 
ness and  Sutlierland. 

REBECK.  REBBECK.  A  kind  of  an- 
cient violin — probably  a  trader's  sign  ;  or 
perhaps  local.     See  Beck. 

RECKLESS.  A  man  of  bold  aud  rash 
disposition. 

RECORD.  A  known  corruption  of  Rick- 
word.  A  Sussex  family,  in  the  XVIII. 
century,  wrote  themselves  Record,  alias 
Rickword. 

RECTOR.  See  Ecclesiastical  Sur- 
JTAJIES.  The  Fitz-Rector  of  H.R.  induces 
a  suspicion  of  broken  vows.  Rector  has, 
however,  other  aud  secular  aiDplications. 

REDDEN.  REDDIN.  1.  Corruptions 
of  Reading,  the  Berkshire  town.  2.  A 
hamlet  in  Roxburghshire. 

REDDING.  L  From  Reading,  co.  Berks, 
so  pronounced.  2.  From  Redding,  a  village 
in  Stirlingshire. 

REDDISH.  Not  suh-rufus,  but  a  town- 
ship in  the  parish  of  Manchester. 

REDDY.     The  same  as  Ready. 

REDE.  1.  The  same  as  Read,  Reed, 
Reid,  &c.  2.  The  Redes  of  Suffolk  are  said 
to  be  derived  from  Briauus  de  Rede,  who 
was  living  in  the  year  1139. 

R.EDFORD.     The  same  as  Radford. 

REDGR.WE.     A  parish  In  Suffolk. 

REDHEAD.  Perhaps  from  hair  snd 
complexion;  more  likely  local,  from  places 
so  called  in  Forfarshire  and  Orknej^  The 
Redheved  of  U.E.,  however,  suppoi'ts  the 
former  hj'pothesis.  Hcved.  A-Sax.,  the 
head. 

REDHOUSE.     Local :  place  unknown. 

REDLEY.     The  same  as  Ridley. 

REDMAIN.  A  joint  township  with 
Bliuderake,  eo.  Cumberland.  The  name 
was  latinized  in  charters  as  De  Rubra 
Manu— "  of  the  red  hand." 

RED]\[AN.  L  jMight  be  classed  with 
Blackman,  Whitcman,  &c.,  in  reference  to 
complexion.  2.  It  is  more  likely  identical 
with  the  Rudmannus  or  Radchenistre  of 
Domesday.  Tlie  persons  so  designated  held 
under  a  certain  tenure,  chielly  of  the  servile 
kind.  According  to  Dr.  Nash,  they  were 
freemen  who  served  on  horseback.  "  Rad- 
cniht  —  equestris  homo."  Ellis,  Introd. 
Domesd.,  i.  71.  See  Roadnight.  3.  The 
same  as  Redmain.  4.  The  same  as  Red- 
mund. 

REDIMAYNE.     See  Redmain. 

REDMOND.  An  ancient  personal  name, 
"  Alexander  Redmond,  the  first  of  this 
family  v.-ho  bore  that  surname,  was  of  the 
same  stock  as  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  whom 
he  accompanied  to  Ireland  in  1170."  B.L.G. 
Redmond  of  Ivilloughter. 

REDMUND.  The  A-Sax.  personal 
name. 


REE 


287 


REN 


REDPATH.     A  village  in  co.  Berwick. 

REDVERS.  Richard  de  R.,  a  Domesday 
tenant  in  capite,  was  eldest  son  of  Baldwin 
de  Bi-ion.     Ellis'  Introd.  Domesd. 

REDWIN.      An  A- Sax.  personal  name. 

REDWOOD.     Local  :  place  unknown. 

RED  YE  AR.     "  Red-ear  "—a  sobriquet  ? 

REECE.     See  Rees. 

REED.  1.  Red— allusive  to  complexion 
or  dress,  probably  the  former.  This  is  a 
common  medieval  spelling.  "  What  be- 
tokeneth  it  whan  the  sonne  gothe  downe 
reed?"''  Palsgrave.  Maundevile  says  of 
the  Red  Sea :  "  that  see  is  not  more  reed 
than  another  see."  2.  Reed,  a  parish  in 
Hertfordsliire ;  Reede,  another  in  Suffolk. 
The  Reeds  of  Cragg,  co.  Northumber- 
land, probably  took  their  name  from  Redes- 
dale,  in  which  they  have  been  immemo- 
rially  located,  or  rather  from  the  river 
which  gives  name  to  that  dale.  On  a  mural 
monument  in  Elsdon  church,  erected  in  the 
year  1758,  to  the  memory  of  Elrington 
Reed,  the  family  are  stated  to  have  been  re- 
sident in  Redesdale  for  more  than  nine 
hundred  years.  This  Sir  Walter  Scott  calls 
an  "  incredible  space  "  of  time,  and  so  it  is ; 
though  the  high  antiquity  of  the  family  is 
unquestionable.     See  notes  to  Rokeby. 

In  the  H.R.  Le  Red,  and  La  Red,  are 
very  common,  as  descriptive  surnames,  for 
both  sexes. 

REEDIISrG. 

Berks, 


The  town  of  Reading,  co. 


REEDS.     A  pluralization  of  Reed. 

REEKIE.  An  Edinburgh  surname.  It 
may  be  derived  from  one  of  the  localities 
called  Reeky  Linn,  or  Reeking  Linn ;  but 
why  not  from  '  Auld  Reekie '  itself  1 

REES.  A  Welsh  personal  name,  an- 
ciently  Rhys,  whence  the  modifications  and 
derivatives,  Rice,  Price  or  Pryce,  (Ap-Rhys) 
Apreece,  Reece,  Preece,  &c. 

Sir  Elidir  Dhu,  who  flourished  temp. 
Richard  I.  (a  descendant,  according  to  the 
Welsh  genealogies,  of  Coel  Codevog,  King 
of  Britain),  was  the  direct  ancestor  of  the 
family  of  Rees  of  Killymaenllwyd,  co. 
Carmarthen ;  and  there  are  several  other 
ancient  families  now  called  Rees  in  the 
Principality,  although  the  stationary  sur- 
name is  of  comparatively  recent  adoption. 

REEVE.  The  bailiff  of  a  franchise  or 
manor.  A- Sax.  gcrefa.  One  of  Chaucer's 
Canterbury  pilgrims  is  a  Reeve,  but  the 
poet's  account  of  his  duties  and  pursuits 
reminds  us  more  of  a  great  man's  farm- 
bailifif  than  of  the  official  reeve. 

"  His  lordes  scheep,  his  meet,  and  his  clayeiie, 
His  swyn,  his  hors,  his  stoor,  and  his  piiltrie, 
AVas  (w)holly  in  this  Reeve's  governynge." 

Prologue,  599,  &c. 

"  In  auncient  time,"  says  honest  old  Lam- 
barde,  "  almost  every  manor  had  his  Reve, 
whose  authoritie  was,  not  only  to  levie 
the  Lord's  rents,  to  set  to  worke  his  ser- 
vaunts.  and  to  husband  his  demeasnes  to 


his  best  profit  and  commoditie,  but  also  to 
govern  his  tenants  in  peace,  and  to  lead 
them  foorth  to  war,  when  necessitie  so  re- 
quired. And  although  this  name,  and  so 
much  of  the  authoritie  as  remained  was 
(after  the  comming  in  of  tlie  Normanes) 
transferred  to  another,  which  they  called 
Baylife;  yet  in  sundry  places  of  the  realme 
(especially  in  copiholde  manors,  where  olde 
custome  prcvaileth)  tlie  woord  Reve  is  yet 
wel  inough  understood."  Perambulation 
of  Kent,  i57G.     H.R.  Le  Reve. 

REEVES.       A  pluralization  of  Reeve, 
which  see. 
REGAN.     See  O'Regan. 

REGISTER.  A  corruption  of  Rochester. 
Per  contra,  a  Sussex  peasant  calls  his  bap- 
tismal register  a  rochester. 

REID.  An  old  northern  pronunciation 
of  red.  See  Reed.  See  also  Jamiesou's 
Diet. 

REIGATE.  A  town  in  Surrey,  where 
the  family  dwelt  temp.  Edward  I. 

REIKIE.     See  Reekie. 

REILLY.       An    Irish     personal    name, 

usually  prefixed  with  O'. 
REISS.      A  Russian.     Aberdeen  Regist., 

quoted  by  Jamieson. 

RELFE.     See  Ralph. 
RELPH.     See  Ralph. 

RELTOjST.  a  manor  so  called,  in  the 
hundred  of  Pidre,  co.  Cornwall,  is  men- 
tioned in  the  Rotuli  Hundredorum,  temp. 
Edward  I. 

REMMINGTON.     See  Rimington. 

RENARD.      The  personal    name   Rei- 
nardiis. 
RENDALL.    RENDEL.    RENDELL. 

RENDLE.      Probably  a  mere  variety   of 
pronunciation  of  Ruudle,  which  see. 

RENDER.  I  have  met  with  the  ex- 
pression render,  applied  to  a  man  who 
cleaves  laths.     See  Cleaver. 

RENFREW.  The  Scottish  town  giving 
name  to  Renfi-ewshire. 

RENN.    1.  SeeAVren.   H.R.  DeRennes. 

2.  See  Reynolds. 

RENNALS.     See  Reynolds. 

RENNER.  O.  E.  renne  is  to  run  :  a 
runner.  Tlie  Promptorium  Par\uIorum 
latinizes  rennare,  as  cursor ;  also  as  fugi- 
tivus,  profugus,  &c. 

RENNICK.     See  Renwick. 

RENNIE.     RENNY.     See  Reynolds. 

RENNISON.     See  Reynolds. 

RENOLDS.     The  same  as  Reynolds. 

RENSHAW.  1.  Renishaw,  a  place  In 
CO.  Derby.     2.  See  Olerenshaw. 

REN  TON.  A  small  town  in  Dumbar- 
tonshire. 


KEY 


288 


RIC 


EENWICK.  Anciently  Ravenwick— a 
parish  iu  Cumberland. 

REPIIVGTON.     See  Repton. 

REFTON..  A  parish  iu  Derbyshire, 
otherwise  written  Kepintou.  Hence  the 
surnames  Repington  and  Rippiugton,  as 
well  as  Repton  proper. 

RERESBY.  The  family  of  Reresby,  or 
Reversby,  were  seated  at  Thribergh,  co. 
Yorlv,  or  the  neighbourhood,  from  the  time 
of  the  Conqueror.     Burke's  Ext.  Barts. 

RESKY^MER.  The  family  became  ex- 
tinct iu  the  XVII.  century.  Tliey  had 
resided  for  fourteen  generations  on  tlieir 
estate  of  Reskymer,  in  tlie  parish  of  St. 
Mawgan,  near  Helstou.  C.  S.  Gilbert's 
Cornwall. 

RETFORD.     A  town   in   Nottingham- 
shire. 

REYELEY.  "  The  Reveleys,  who  trace 
their  pedigree  to  the  reign  of  Edward  II., 
were  originally  seated  at  the  manor-house 
of  Reveley,  on  the  northern  bank  of  the 
river  Breamish,  at  the  south-eastern  foot  of 
Cheviot,  aud  subsequently  at  Ancroft,  in 
Northumberland."     B.L.G. 

REYELL.     The  same  as  Revill. 

REYERE.     Possibly  Fr.  riviere,  a  river. 

REYILL.  Two  places  in  Normandy 
bear  the  name  of  Reville  ;  one  near  Bernai, 
and  the  other  iu  the  arrondissement  of 
Valognes.  The  surname  still  exists  in 
Normandy. 

REW.     Rewe,  a  parish  in  Devonshire. 

REWE.     A  parish  in  Devonshire. 

REX.  Possibly  from  one  having  played 
the  part  of  a  king  in  some  miracle  play. 
But  more  likely  an  abbre\'iated  form  of  a 
familiar  Christian  name  thus: — Richard, 
Rick,  Ricks,  Recks,  Rex.  In  H.R.  we 
haA'e  an  Adam  and  a  John  Rex. 

REYNARD.     See  Reynolds. 

REYNARDSON.     See  Reynold. 

REYNELL.  See  Reynolds.  The  Rey- 
nells  of  Ogwell,  co.  Devon,  traced  their 
pedigree  to  Sir  Richard  Eeynell,  of  Pyttnej', 
CO.  Somerset,  who  flourished  in  the  reigns 
of  Henry  II.  aud  Richard  I.,  and  had  the 
custody  of  the  castles  of  Lauuceston  aud 
Exeter.     B.L.G. 

REYNER.  Mr.  Fergusonsays  :— "  This 
is  the  same  name  as  that  of  the  famous 
Northern  sea-king,  Raguar  Lodbrok,  who 
ravaged  England  in  the  ninth  century,  aud, 
being  taken  prisoner  by  Ella,  king  of  Nor- 
thumberland, was,  as  the  legend  goes,  stung 
to  death  in  a  dungeon  filled  with  serpents." 
Reiuhard  and  Reinardus  seem  to  be  varia- 
tions of  the  same  naine.  H.R.  Reynerand 
Fil'  Eeyner. 

REYNOLDS.  From  Rainhold,  a  Ten- 
tonic  personal  name  of  great  antiquity. 
Several  tenants  in  chief  in  Domesd.  are 
called  Raiuaklus.— Revnell,  Reynard.  Rev- 


nardson.  Rennals,  with  perhaps  Renn, 
Rainey,  Rennie,  Renny.  and  Rennison,  are 
modifications  and  diminutives. 

REYNOLDSON.     See  Reynolds. 

RHEIMS.  Camden  mentions  this  as  a 
surname  introduced  about  the  time  of  the 
Norman  Conquest.  It  is  probablj'  derived 
from  the  city  of  France  so  called. 

RriEINL.iNDER  One  dwelling  in 
Rlicinland,  or  on  the  borders  of  the  Rhine. 
The  name  appears  to  be  naturalized  here 
from  Germany. 

RHIND.  The  name  occurs  in  the  Char- 
tulary  of  Moray  early  iu  the  XIII.  cent., 
and  it  has  been  variously  spelt  Rhynd, 
Rhiud,  Rynd,  and  Rind.  It  is  doubtless 
territorial,  and  deri^fcd  either  from  the 
parish  of  Rhj-nd,  co.  Perth,  or  from  the 
estate  of  Rhind,  in  Fifeshire.  Inf.  A.  H. 
Rhind,  Esq.     F.S.A. 

RHODES.  Not  fronr  the  Island,  as 
stated  in  Eng.  Surn. ;  but  a  corruption  of 
Roadhousc  or  Rodehouse,  as  appears  from 
the  Par.  Reg.  of  Eckington,  co.  Derby.  Inf. 
Rev.  J.  Eastwood. 

RHY]\1ER.  A  maker  of  ^■erses,  who,  in 
the  middle  ages,  soraetinaes  united  the 
functions  of  the  poet  and  the  prophet,  after 
the  manner  of  the  ancient  bards  and  seers. 

RHYS.      The   ancient   Welsh    personal 

name,  nov.'  more  commonly  written  Rees, 

RIBBONS.      Perhaps    a    corruption    of 

Reuben,  Reubens. 

RICARDO.  David  Ricardo,  the  cele- 
brated writer  on  political  economy,  born 
1772,  was  the  son  of  a  Dutch  merchant. 
The  surname  is  probably  syuonj'mous  with 
Richard. 

RICE.     See  Rees. 

RICH.  JMore  probably  an  abbreviation 
of  Richard,  than  au  epithet  implying 
wealth.  A  Norman  origin  has  been  as- 
signed to  this  unme,  I  know  not  upon  what 
grounds.  The  extinct  peerage  family  dated 
from  a  London  mercer  of  the  XV.  cent. 
The  Hampshire  family,  however,  are  said 
to  have  wiitten  themselves  Le  Rich  in 
the  XIV.  century,  aud  that  form  is  found 
in  H.R.  In  Sussex  this  name  has  been  in 
some  instances  corrupted  from  Ridge. 

RICHARD.  This  baptismal  name,  be- 
sides becoming  itself  a  surname,  has  given 
rise  to  many  others  ;  viz.,  Richards, 
Richardson,  Rich.  Ritchie,  Riches,  Rick, 
Ricks,  Rix,  Rickson,  Rixon,  Ritson, 
Rickards,  Ricket,  Ricketts.  From  Dick 
and  Hitchin,  two  '  nurse-names  '  of 
Richard,  we  also  derive  Dix,  Dicks.  Dick- 
son, Dixon,  Digons,  Dickens,  Dickius, 
Dickinson,  Dickerson,  Dickison  ;  and  Hit- 
chins,  Hitchinson,  Hitchcock,  Hitchcox. 

RICHARDS.     See  Richard. 

RICHARDSON.     See  Richard. 

RICHBELL.  Apparently  Richbold,  a 
Teutonic  personal  name. 


11 1  c 


289 


RID 


The  Norman  orthography  of 


RICHER. 

Richard. 

RICHES.  The  genitive  of  Rich,  that  is 
Richard ;  the  son  of  Richard. 

RICHMAN.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Richmond.     But  see  Rickman. 

RICHINIOND.  A  pLice  in  the  arrondisse- 
rnent  of  Neufchatel  in  Norniand}' ;  also  the 
famous  castle  of  Richmond  in  the  N.  Riding 
of  Yorkshire,  built  by  the  great  Earl  Alan, 
temp.  Will.  Conq.,  for  defence  against  the 
disinherited  Englishmen  and  Danes — 
"pro  tuitione  suorum  contra infestationem 
Anglorum,  tunc  ubique  exheriditatorum, 
similiter  et  Danorum ;  et  nomiuavit  dictum 
Castrum  Richsmont,  suo  idiomate  Gallico, 
quod  sonat  Latine  dlvitcni  moniem,  in  edi- 
tiori  ac  fortiori  loco  sui  territorii  situatum." 
Gale,  Rcgist.  Ellis's  Domesd.  Richmond, 
in  Surrej',  anciently  Sheen,  was  so  called 
by  Henry  VII.,  on  his  building  a  palace 
there,  after  his  own  title  of  Earl  of  Rich- 
mond in  Yorkshire. 

RICHTER.     Germ.     A  magistrate. 

RICK.     A  common   abbreviation  of  Ri- 
chard. 

RICKS.     See  Richard. 

RICKARD.      RICKARDS.      See     Ri- 
chard. 

RICKETTS.  "  I  will,  while  'tis  in  my 
mind,  insert  this  remarque;  viz.,  about 
1620,  one  Ricketts  of  Newbury,  perhaps 
corruptly  from  Ricqrds,  a  practitioner  in 
physick,  was  excellent  at  the  curing  of 
children  with  swoln  heads  and  small 
legges  ;  and  the  disease  being  new,  and 
without  a  name,  he  being  so  famous  for  the 
cure  of  it,  they  called  the  disease  tlie 
ricketts ;  as  the  King's  evill  from  the  King's 
curing  of  it  with  his  touch;  and  now  'tis 
good  sport  to  see  how  they  vex  their  lexi- 
cons, and  fetch  it  from  the  Greek  P«x'e, 
the  back-bone."  Aubrey's  Nat.  Hist,  of 
Wilts,  4to.,  p.  74.  Dr.  Johnson  says  the 
uame  was  given  by  Dr.  Glisson  on  the  first 
appearance  of  the  disease.  Dr.  Glisson 
was  contemporary  with,  and  probably 
known  to,  Mr.  Ricketts,  and  therefore 
Aubrey's  statement  may  be  correct.  He  is 
most  likely  right,  too,  as  to  Ricketts  being 
a  corruption  of  Rickards,  which,  in  its 
turn,  is  a  corruption  of  Richards. 

RICKMAN,  Mr.  Ferguson  remarks  : — 
"  We  have  Richman  and  Rickman,  cor- 
responding with  a  Gothic  Richman,  and  an 
Old  High  German  Ricraan,  quoted  by 
Meidinger."  I  demur  to  the  derivation  of 
Richman,  which  is  more  likely  a  corrup- 
tion of  Richmond,  the  local  name;  but 
Rickman  is  doubtless  of  high  Teutonic 
antiquity.  It  was  certainly  in  England  in 
Saxon  times,  when  a  Hertfordshire  proprie- 
tor of  this  designation  gave  to  his  estate 
the  name  of  Rickman's-AVorth.  In  the 
Rotuli  Hundredorum,  Rikemund  is  found 
as  a  heritable  name,  and  there  is  also  one 
John  firRikeman. 

RICKS.    See  Rick. 

2  P 


RICKSON.     See  Richard. 

RICKWORD.  Apparently  an  old  per- 
sonal name.  Ricuard,  Ricuardus,  in 
Domesday. 

RIDDELL.  Of  that  Ilk,  in  the  parish 
of  Lilliesleaf,  co.  Roxburgh.  There  is  a 
tradition  of  great  antiquity,  ascending  to 
the  VII.  or  VIII.  century.  See  Lay  of  the 
Last  Minstrel,  notes  —  but  documentary 
evidence  goes  back  to  the  XII.  only. 
Richard  Basset,  justiciar  of  England, 
temp.  Hen.  L,  married  the  heiress  of  Rid- 
dell,  and  his  eldest  son  assumed  his 
mother's  surname.  Genealogists  differ  as 
to  the  extraction  of  the  family.  See  Doug- 
las's Baronage.  Betham's  Baronetage, 
Nisbet's  Heraldry,  &c. 

RIDDIFORD.  A  probable  corruption 
of  Rutherford. 

RIDDING.     A  hamlet  in  Derbyshire. 

RIDDLE.     See  Riddell. 

RIDE.  Ryde,  in  the  Isle  of  AVight,  was 
formerly  so  written. 

RIDEOUT.  Possibly  from  redouht,  a 
military  fortification.  Fr.  redu'it ;  Ital.  ?■?- 
dotto;  Span,  rcduto.  The  H.R.  Ridhut 
Avill,  however,  hardly  bend  to  this  etymo- 
logy. 

RIDER.  A  forest-ofiicer,  who,  having  a 
large  district  to  supervise,  was  mounted,  in 
contradistinction  to  the  ivalker.  See  Wal- 
ker. He  was  sometimes  called  a  "  riding- 
forester,"  and  it  was  his  duty  to  lead  the 
King  in  his  hunting.  Nelson's  Laws  of 
Game.  Rider  is  also  local.  In  the  Siege 
of  Carlaverock,  we  are  told — "  William  de 
Ridre  was  there,  who  in  a  blue  banner  bore 
crescents  of  gold."  He  is  elsewhere  called 
Ryther,  and  he  probably  took  his  name 
from  the  place  so  called  in  Yorkshire. 
Rjder,  Lord  Harrowb}',  claims  fron  that 
source,  and  bears  the  same  arms  with  a 
slight  addition.     H.R.  Le  Ridere. 

RIDESDALE.  Redesdale,  co.  Northum- 
berland. 

RIDGE.  A  parish  in  Herts.  INIany 
other  minor  localities  are  so  called.  The 
medieval  form  is  AtteRigge,  whence  Trigg. 
In  the  XVI.  cent,  it  was  commonly  written 
A'Ridge. 

RIDGER.  See  Ridge,  and  the  termina- 
tion ER. 

RIDGEWAY.  The  extinct  baronet 
family,  created  Lords  Londonderry  in  Ire- 
land, traced  their  pedigree  to  6.  Edw.  IV., 
when  Stephen  Ridgeway  was  one  of  the 
stewards  of  the  city  of  Exeter.  There  are 
two  places  in  Devonshire  called  Ridgeway, 
one  near  Honiton,  and  the  other  near  Ply- 
mouth, but  from  which  of  these  the  family 
sprang  is  unknown.  In  the  early  genera- 
tions, the  family  wrote  themselves  Ridge- 
■\vay  alias  Peacock. 

RIDG^NIAN.  See  Ridge,  and  the  termi- 
nation MAN". 

RIDGWAY.     See  RIdgCAvay. 


RIP 


290 


HOB 


EIDLER.  1.  A  dealer  in  wool  is  so 
called  in  Lincolnshire.  2.  A  maker  of  the 
peculiar  kind  of  sieves  called  riddles. 

PIDLEY.  Places  in  cos.  Chester,  Kent, 
and  Northumberland.  The  baronet's  fa- 
mily were  seated  at  Willimoteswick,  in  the 
last-named  shire,  in  1481,  and  there,  early 
in  the  XVI.  cent.,  was  born  Nicholas 
Eidley,  the  martyr-bishop.  See  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

RIDPATH.     See  Ptedpath. 

PIE.  O.  Fr.  A  bank,  or  elevated  spot. 
A  common  medieval  sui-name. 

EIGDEN.  That  this  name  originated 
among  the  dens  of  Kent,  is  quite  certain, 
though  I  cannot  find  the  locality.  The 
family  have  long  been  connected,  by  landed 
possessions,  with  various  parishes  in  that 
county.     See  Hasted. 

RIGG.  RIGGE.  RIGGS.  Rigg  is  the 
medieval  spelling  of  Ridge,  which  see. 

RIGMAIDEN.  Two  gentry  families, 
settled  respectively  in  cos.  Lincoln  and 
Lancaster,  bore  this  remarkable  name, 
which  at  the  commencement  of  the  present 
century  was  still  extant.  I  can  give  no 
better  etymology  for  the  name  than  that  I 
have  already  assigned  in  Eng.  Surn. ;  viz., 
"  a  romping  girl."  For  the  curious  seal  of 
George  Biiqmcajdcn,  with  a  rebus,  see  Gent. 
Mag.  183.3,"  1.  305. 

RILEY.  Probably  derived  from  a  place 
in  Brittany,  formerly  called  Rilley  or 
Relay,  the  seat  of  an  Abbey  of  Augus- 
tiniaus,  in  the  diocese  of  Reunes.  In  the 
IJarish-registers  of  Newchurch,  in  Rossen- 
dale,  CO.  Lancaster,  tlie  name  of  the  Rileys 
was  almost  uniformly  spelt  Rilaj',  down  to 
the  middle  of  the  XVI II.  century.  Inf.  H. 
T.  Riley,  Esq. 

RILL.    A  small  stream. 

RLMBAULT.     The  same  as  Rumbold  ? 

RULER.     See  Rymer. 

RIMINGTON.     A   township   In  York- 
shire. 

RING.  Many  old  towns  have,  or  have 
had,  an  open  space  or  circus,  where,  in  for- 
mer times,  bull-baiting,  and  such-like  bar- 
barous pastimes  took  place,  and  these  are 
sometimes  called  Rings. 

RINGER.  A  skilful  ringer  of  church 
bells  would  readily  acquire  this  surname. 
See  Bellringcr.  The  surname  Ringebell,  or 
Eingbell,  is  found  in  the  H.R. 

RIORDAN.  An  old  Irish  siu-name, 
variously  written  O'Rierdon,  Reyrdon, 
Reardon,  Reardcn,  &c. 

RIPER.  I.  A  corruption  of  DeRipariis, 
or  Rivers.  2.  U'qjicv,  a  man  from  the  sea 
shore,  who  sells  fish  in  inland  towns  and 
villages.  Cooper's  Sussex  Glossary.  Brorae 
calls  these  men  ri2>j)ers.  Travels,  ed.  1700, 
p.   274.    Ilalliwcll  derives  the  word  from 


rij),  a  basket,  or  pannier,  used  for  carrying 
fish,  and  quotes  from  Havelok : — 

A  stirto  til  liim  with  liis  rippe 

AiKl  bigan  tlic  fisli  to  liippe." 

Le  Ripier.  H.R. 

RIPLEY.     Places  in  Surrey,  Derby,  and 
Yorkshire. 
RIPPINGTON,     See  Repton. 

RIPPON.  PIPPIN.  Ripon  in  York- 
shire. 

RISBY.  Riseby,  a  parish  united  with 
Roxby,  CO.  Lincoln. 

RISE.  An  eminence — the  same  as  Rye 
or  Pde. 

RISELEY.     A  parish  in  Bedfordshire. 

RISLEY.     A  chapelry  in  Derbyshire. 

RITCHIE.     See  Richard. 

RITH.     O.  Eng.  erwi/i,  aford.     See  Eng. 

Surn.  i.  71. 
RITSON.       A    northern    corruption  of 
Richardson. 

RIVER.  From  residence  near  one.  O. 
Eng.  Atte  River ;  Fr.  De  la  Riviere. 

g^"  RIVERS,  SURNAMES  DEKITED  FEOI\r. 
"  Rivers,"  says  Camden,  "  have  imposed 
names  to  some  men."  He  might  more 
properly  have  said,  to  mcaiy  families.  It 
is  unnecessary  to  particularize  them 
here,  as  they  will  be  found  under  their 
respective  heads. 

RIVINGTON.  A  chapelry  in  the  parish 
of  Bolton,  CO.  Lancaster. 

RIX.     See  RicluTrd. 

RIXON.     See  Richard. 

ROACH.     See  Roche. 

ROADNIGHT.  A- Sax.  rad,  and  cnigJif, 
a  riding  servitor,  or  attendant  on  horse- 
back. In  feudal  times,  rodhnights  were 
"  certain  servitors,  who  held  their  lands  by 
serving  their  lords  on  horseback."  Jacob's 
Law  Diet.  Spelmau's  Gloss.  In  Piers 
Ploughman  we  meet  with  '  redyng-kyng,' 
in  the  same  sense.     See  Redman. 

ROADS.     See  Rhodes. 

ROAF.     The  personal  name  Ralph  was 

sometimes    so    written,    in    the    fifteenth 
century. 

ROAKE.  Probably  from  St.  Roche,  the 
Confessor,  whose  festival  was  anciently  ob- 
served on  August  IG. 

ROAN.  A  medieval  spelling  of  Rouen, 
the  capital  of  Normandy.  An  old  poet, 
speaking  of  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion,  says  : 

"  Thy  bowels  only  Carccol  keeps ; 
Thy  eoi'se  Font  Everard ; 
But  Roan  liath  keeping  of  thy  heart, 
0  puissant  Kichard ! " 

The  heart  of  this  chivalrous  monarch  was 
buried  in  the  chuir  of  Rouen  Cathedral. 

ROB.     A  nickname  of  Robert. 
ROBARTES.     The  same  as  Roberts. 


ROB 


291 


HOC 


ROBB.  See  Robert.  A  Northern  pro- 
nunciation. 

ROBBERDS.  A  coarse  spelling  of 
Roberts. 

ROBBIE.     See  Robert. 

ROBE.     A  contraction  of  Robert. 

ROBERT.  A  Teutonic  j^ersonal  name 
of  great  antiquity,  which  was  introduced 
into  England  about  the  time  of  the  Con- 
quest. As  Rotbertus,  it  is  frequently  found 
in  Domesday.  Besides  having  itself  become 
a  surname,  it  has  given  rise  to  a  great  many 
others,  as — Roberts,  Robarts,  Robertson, 
Robins,  Robbins,  Robinson,  Robbie,  Robi- 
son,  Robeson,  Robb,  Robson,  Roby.  It 
has  also  taken  the  form  of  Fitz-Robert, 
and,  in  Wales,  those  of  Ap-Robert  and  Ap- 
Robyn,  now  contracted  to  Probert  and 
Probyn.  Its  nicknames  are  Dobb  and 
Hobb,  from  the  former  of  which  we  get 
Dobbs,  Dobby,  Dobbie,  Dobson,  Dabson, 
Dobbin,  Dobbins,  Dobinson  ;  and  from  the 
latter,  Hobbs,  Hobbes,  Hobsou,  Ilolibins, 
Hobkins,  Hopkins,  Hopkinson,  and  Iloby. 

ROBERTS.  ROBARTS.  See  Robert. 
The  family  of  Roberts  of  Glassenbury, 
CO.  Kent,  extinct  baronets,  according  to 
a  genealogy  in  Harl.  MSS.,  are  de- 
scended from  a  William  Rookherst,  a 
Scotchman,  who  settled  in  Kent,  in  the 
third  year  of  Henry  I.,  and  purchased  lands 
at  Goudhurst,  which  he  called  after  his 
own  name.  This  name  he  afterwards 
changed  to  Roobertes,  which  finally  became 
Roberts.  The  tradition  of  descent  from  a 
Scotchman  may  be  true  or  not,  but  that  a 
North  Briton  gave  name  to  a  place  in  Kent 
called  Rookherst,  is  a  pure  figment.  The 
termination  herst,  or  Jiurst,  is  scarcely,  if  at 
all,  known  in  Scotland,  while  the  Weald  of 
Kent,  where  the  Robertses  first  appear, 
abounds  with  it.  The  truth,  doubtless,  is, 
that  the  locality  called  from  Saxon  times 
Rooklierst,  gave  the  name  De  Rookherst  to 
its  early  possessors,  and  that  one  of  them 
in  later  times — the  son  of  a  Robert — 
dropped  his  local  surname,  and  assumed  a 
patronymical  one. 

ROBERTSON.  See  Robert.  A  High- 
land clan  bear  this  name.  The  Robert- 
sons of  Struau,  co.  Perth,  are  unquestion- 
ably one  of  the  oldest  families  in  Scotland, 
descending  both  from  the  Mac  Donalds, 
Lords  of  the  Isles,  and  from  the  ancient 
Earls  of  Athol.  The  surname  is  derived 
from  Robert,  son  of  Duncan  (de  Atholia) 
who  arrested  the  murderers  of  James  I., 
and  for  that  service  received  a  royal  charter, 
erecting  his  lands  into  a  free  barony,  A.D. 
1-151.  Alexander,  his  son,  adopted  the  sur- 
name Robertson,  which  became  persistent. 

ROBILLIARD.  The  name  of  a  fief  de- 
liendent  on  that  of  St.  Ouen,  in  Jersey, 
so  long  the  residence  of  the  famous  De 
Carterets. 

ROBINS.  ROBBINS.  Robjn  is  a 
medieval  diminutive,  or  nick-name,  of 
Robert,  as  in  Robin  Hood,  Robin  Good- 
fellow.      It    generally   implies   something 


mischievous,  and,  in  the  South  of  England, 
'  What  the  Robin  are  you  about  ? '  and 
similar  phrases,  arc  still  in  use. 

ROBINSON.  The  son  of  Robin,  or 
Robert. 

BEFOliE   YOU  COULD    SAY   JACK    ROBIN-- 

SON,  is  a  phrase  implying  a  very  brief  space 
of  time.  It  is  "  said  to  have  originated 
from  a  very  volatile  gentleman  of  that  ap- 
pellation, who  would  call  upon  his  neigh- 
bours, and  be  gone  before  his  name  could 
be  announced."  Halliwell ;  who  shews, 
however,  that  it  is  not  a  thing  of  yesterday, 
by  quoting  from  "  an  old  play  "  : — 

"  A  -(varke  it  ys  as  easie  to  be  doone. 
As  tys  to  saye,  Jacket  robys  on." 

ROBISON.    ROBESON.    See  Robert. 

ROBOTTOM.       See    Bottom     in    the 

Supplement. 

ROBSON.    See  Robert. 
ROBY.     See  Robert. 

ROBYNIIOD.  Thomas  Robynhod  was 
a  dealer  in  wines  and  charcoal  at  Winchel- 
sea,  in  the  year  1388.  Cooper's  Winchelsea, 
p.  205.  Notwithstanding  that  thehistorical 
scepticism  of  our  days  had  almost  banished 
the  great  outlaw  from  Barnslcydale  and 
mcrrie  Sherwood,  into  the  shadowy  regions 
of  Teutonic  mythology,  or  of  medieval  ro- 
mance, the  Rev.  Jos.  Hunter  has  triumph- 
antly asserted  his  existence,  in  real  flesh  and 
blood,  under  our  second  Edward,  from 
documents  of  the  greatest  authenticity. 
See  Critical  and  Historical  Tracts,  No.  4, 
1852.  His  name  occurs,  not  once,  but 
several  times,  in  1323-4  under  the  ortho- 
graphy above  given  :  '■Bohyn  Hod.''  Argu- 
ments are  unnecessary  to  prove  bow  popular 
and  real  a  personage  the  freebooter  was  in 
the  national  mind,  in  the  succeeding  cen- 
turies. His  skill  as  an  archer  was  every- 
where talked  about  and  emulated,  and  here 
we  have  (within  little  more  than  a  half- 
century  after  the  date  at  which  he  flour- 
ished) a  South  of  England  tradesman  as- 
suming both  his  names  as  a  surname. 
Whether  this  has  descended  to  modern 
times  I  am  unable  to  ascertain  ;  but,  how- 
ever this  may  be,  it  is  certain  that  another 
of  the  Sherwood  heroes  has  imprinted  his 
name  upon  our  family  nomenclature  in  the 
shape  of  LUtlcjolin,  and  that  at  least  two 
families  so  designated  have  taken  the  rank 
of  gentry.     See  Burke's  Armory. 

ROCHE.  Roache,  or  Roche,  a  parish  in 
Cornwall;  an  abbey  in  Yorkshire;  and  a 
river  in  Lancashire.  The  first-named  place 
was  so  called,  according  to  Tonkin,  from 
St.  Roche,  a  Marsellaise  saint ;  but  it  is 
more  likely  a  provincial  pronunciation  of 
rocli,  for  in  1291  it  is  called  De  Rupe.  D. 
Gilbert's  Cornw.,  iii.  30(5. 

The  Cornish  family  of  Roche,  or  De 
Rupe,  were  seated  at  Roch,  in  the  reign  of 
Richard  I.     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

ROCHESTER.     The  Kentish  city. 

ROCHFORT.  The  Irish  family  settled 
in  that  country  at,  or  soon  after,  the  Anglo- 
Norman  invasion.    Their  name  was  latin- 


Ror 


292 


ROL 


ized  De  Rupe  Forti,  "  of  the  stroug  rock," 
which  is  doubtless  its  true  meaning. 

ROCK.  A  parish  in  Worcestershire,  a 
chapehy  in  Northumberland,  and  many 
other  minor  localities. 

ROCKCLIFFE.  See  Rawcliffe.  There 
is,  however,  a  parish  so  called  in  Cumber- 
land, tbrmerl}'  Rothcliffe.  TJie  manor  was 
anciently  the  possession  of  RaduliA  de 
Bray,  who  gave  it  to  William,  the  son  of 
John  de  Eotlicliff,  in  tlie  sixtli  year  of  King 
John.  Hutchinson's  Cumberland.  It  is  to 
be  presumed  that  there  was  some  family 
connection  between  the  Brays  and  the 
Rotlicliffes,  and  that  John  de  R.  had  re- 
sided on  the  manor  previously  to  this  dona- 
tion. 

RODD,  and  RODE,  A  termination,  the 
same  as  Royd,  q.v.  It  is  apparently  an 
ancient  participle  of  the  verb  to  rid. 

RODD.  A  place  near  Leominster,  co. 
Hereford,  formerly  the  residence  of  the 
family.     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

RODDAM.  A  township  and  estate  in 
Northumberland,  said  to  have  been  granted 
to  an  ancestor  of  the  present  proprietor  by 
a  charter  of  King  Athelstan.     B.L.G. 

RODDEIST.     A  parish  in  Somersetshire. 

RODE.     See  Royd. 

RODES.  Tiiis  family  claim  from  Gerard 
de  Rodes,  a  feudal  iDaron,  whose  caput 
baronias  was  Horncastle,  co.  Lincoln.  He 
lived  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  II.,  Richard  I., 
John,  and  Henry  III.  The  place  from 
which  the  name  was  assumed  does  not  aj)- 
pear. 

RODGERS.     See  Rogers. 

RODMAN.  Probably  the  same  as  Red- 
man, which,  see. 

RODNEY.  A  place  in  co.  Somerset, 
which  was  possessed  by  the  family  as  early 
as  the  time  of  Stephen.  The  elder  line 
became  extinct  in  the  XVII.  century  ;  but 
Lord  Rodney  represents  a  j^ouuger  branch. 
Peerage. 

RODON.  The  Rodons  claim  to  be  a 
branch  of  the  Rowdons  of  Rowdon  in  York- 
shire.    B.L.G. 

RODRICK.     A  corruption  of  Rodcric. 

ROE.  From  the  animal — first  applied  to 
a  swift  runner.     See  Tiay. 

ROEBUCK.  From  the  animal.  See 
Roe,  and  Ray. 

ROELENT.  Tlie  Norman  mode  of 
spelling  Rhuddlan,  co.  Flint.  A  Robert  de 
Roelent,  of  that  place,  is  among  the  tenants 
in  chief  of  Domesday. 

ROFF.     See  Rolfe. 

ROFFET.  Perhaps  the  same  as  Rolf- 
way,  from  Roughway,  which  was  some- 
times so  pronounced. 

ROFFWAY.  Perhaps  Rougliway,  a 
place  near  Horsham,  co.  Sussex. 


ROFOOT.  According  to  Verstegan,  swift- 
footed  as  a  roe.  "  In  foot  :  there  are  not 
many  surnames  that  herein  do  finish,  yet 
such  as  there  be  have  gotten  such  name  of 
footmanship,  as  Harefoot,  Rofoot,  and  the 
like,  which  were  given  for  swiftness  of 
running  or  going."     Restitution,  p.  320. 

ROGER.  A  personal  name,  unknown 
here  before  the  Conquest.  Many  persons 
called  Roger,  and  Rogerus,  occur  as  ten- 
ants in  Domesday.  From  it  are  formed 
Rogers,  Rodgers,  Rogerson,  &c.,  and  from  its 
nick-name,  riodge,we  get  Hodges,  Hodgson, 
Ilodgkin,  Hotckin,  Hotchkins,  Hotchkiss, 
Hodgkinson,  Hoskins,  Hodd,  Hodson,  Hud- 
son. The  Norman  patronymicalformisFitz- 
Roger,  and  tlie  Welsh,  Ap-Roger,  now 
Prodger. 

ROGERS.  See  Roger.  The  family 
of  Rogers  of  Home,  in  Shropshire,  are  a 
cadet  of  tlie  Norburys  of  Norbury  in  tliat 
county.  In  7.  Edward  II.,  Eo^cr  de  Nor- 
hury,  son  of  Philip,  and  grandson  of  Roger 
de  Norbury,  had  a  grant  of  the  estate  of 
Home.  His  son  took  the  name  of  Rogers, 
and  his  posterity  under  that  appellation 
have  ever  since  resided  at  Home.  B.L.G. 
The  family  of  Rogers,  of  Wisdome,  co. 
Devon,  baronets,  claim  to  be  descended 
from  John  Rogers,  prebendary  of  St.  Paul's, 
the  first  victim  of  the  Marian  persecu- 
tion. 

ROGERSON.     See  Roger. 

ROKEB Y.  The  Rokebys  of  Rokeby,  in 
Yorkshire  (the  scene  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's 
celebrated  poem),  held  that  estate  uninter- 
ruptedly from  the  era  of  the  Conquest  till 
the  fall  of  Charles  I. 

ROLAND.     See  Rowland. 

ROLFE.  The  same  as  Rollo,  Radulph, 
or  Ralph.  The  great  landholder,  Goisfrid 
de  Bee,  son  of  Rollo,  and  grandson  of 
Crispinus,  baron  of  Bee,  is  styled  in  Domes- 
day "Filius  Rolf." 

ROLL  AND.  The  ancient  personal  name, 
variously  written  Rollo,  Roland,  Rowland, 
&c.      In    Domesday,    Rollaud    and   Rol- 

landus. 

R OLLE.  The  family  of  Lord  Rolle rose 
upon  the  ruins  of  the  monasteries  in  the 
XVI.  century.  The  name  may  be  local,  but 
it  seems  more  likely  to  be  a  modification  of 
the  Scandinavian  Rollo,  especially  as  we 
have  the  genitive  form  Rolles,  as  well  as 
the  local  Rollesby,  Rolleston,  &c.  Camden 
l^laces  it  among  Christian  names. 

ROLLES.    See  Rolle. 

ROLLESTON.  A  parish  in  Stafford- 
shire, which  in  very  early  times,  and  for  a 
long  series  of  generations,  belonged  to  the 
family. 

ROLLFUS.     Probal)ly    a   corruption   of 

the  personal  name  Ro(r('c)lphus,  Rudolf. 

ROLLINGS.  The  same  as  Rawlins  or 
Rawlings. 


ROO 


293 


ROS 


ROLLISON.  A  corruption  of  Kawlln- 
son. 

ROLLO.  Local,  in  Scolland:  place  un- 
known. Lord  Kollo's  lineal  ancestor  was 
John  de  Rollo,  who  lived  in  the  reign  of 
King  David  II.     Peerage. 

IIOLPH.     A  corruption  of  Ralph. 

ROLTE.  Of  Huguenot  extraction.  John 
Rolte  settled  at  Rye,  from  Dieppe,  in  1572. 
Lansd.  MS.  15,  70. 

ROMAINE.     ROI\IAYNE.      1.    Of  or 

liolongiug  to  Rome.  Le  Romayn,  H.R. 
Tlie  family  of  the  Rev.  William  Romaine, 
a  distinguished  divine  of  the  last  century, 
were  Huguenots,  and  came  to  England  after 
the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 

2.  More  probably,  from  one  of  the  various 
places  in  France,  called  St.  Romaiu.  TJiis 
saint,  who  was  an  early  bishop  of  Rouen,  is 
still  honoured  by  the  Roman  church  on  the 
9th  of  August. 

ROINIAX.  1.  Probably  the  same  as  Ro- 
mayne.  2.  A  place  near  Evreux,  in  Nor- 
mandy. 

ROINIAXE.     See  Romaine. 

ROM  ARE.  The  first  of  this  name  on 
record  is  Gerald  de  Romare,  feudal  lord  of 
Bolingbroke,  co.  Lincoln,  whose  son, 
William  de  Romare,  was  in  lllS  governor 
of  Newmarch,  in  Normandy,  and  in  arms 
against  Hugh  de  Gournay,  then  in  rebel- 
lion. 

R03IE.  A  village  in  Ayrshire  is  called 
Old  Rome. 

ROMER.  A  roaraer,  a  wanderer ;  per- 
haps a  pilgrim.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Romare. 

R0:MILLY.  The  oreat  grandfather  of 
the  late  Sir  Samuel  Romilly  "had a  pretty 
good  lauded  estate  at  Montpellier  in  the 
south  of  France."  His  son,  in  the  year 
1701,  being  a  Protestant,  visited  Geneva, 
for  the  sole  purpose  of  receiving  the  sacra- 
ment, and,  by  the  advice  of  the  celebrated 
theologian,  Saurin,  instead  of  returning  to 
Montpellier,  set  out  for  London,  and  thus 
at  length  established  the  family  in  England. 
Memoirs  of  Sir  S.  Romilly,  vol.  i.,  p.  2. 
The  name  may  have  been  borrow^ed  from 
the  town  of  Romilly,  in  Savoy,  near 
Geneva. 

ROMNEY.  A  toAvu  in  Kent,  anciently 
Romenel.  A  Robert  de  Eomenel  is  found 
in  the  Domesday  of  that  county. 

RONALD.  RONALDS.  1.  A  Scotch 
form  of  Reynold.  2.  Gael.  Ronnalt,  a  proper 
name,  said  to  be  compounded  of  ronn, 
foam,  and  alt,  a  brook  or  stream,  and, 
therefore,  probably  local. 

ROXALDSON.  The  son  of  Ronald  or 
Reynold. 

ROOD.  A  crucifix  accompanied  by 
figures  of  St.  John  and  the  Virgin.  Though 
generally  placed  in  churches,  over  the  chan- 
cel arch,  they  were  doubtless  occasionally 
placed  out  of  doors,  like  ordinary  way-side 


crosses  ;  and  residence  near  one  would  ori- 
ginate the  surname.  Cognate  surnames 
are  Gross  and  Crouch. 

ROOKE.  The  bird.  I  hare  known  this 
sobriquet  applied  to  a  very  dark  complex- 
ioned  person.     H.R.  Le  Roke. 

ROOKER.  To  rook  is  to  cheat.  Teutonic 
rU'Chcn;  Su.  Gothic  ryclia.  A  'rookery'  is 
a  nest  of  dishonest  people.  Hence,  I  am 
afraid  the  original  Mr.  Rooker  was  not  re- 
markable for  his  honesty.  H.R.  Le 
Roker. 

ROOM.  ROOME.  A  place  in  the  parish 
of  Crail,  in  Fifeshire. 

ROOPER.  The  name  was  originally 
Furneux.  Richard  Furneux,  a  lineal  de- 
scendant of  Robert  de  Fourneux,  of  temp. 
Henry  I.,  assumed  the  name  of  Roper  in 
1428,  on  his  marriage  with  the  heiress  of 
Roper  of  Turndiche,  co.  Derbj'.  The  name 
was  corrupted  to  Rooper  in  the  seventeenth 
century. 

ROOTES.  Probably  from  Routes,  or 
Routtes,  a  commune  in  the  arrondissement 
of  Yvetot,  in  Normandy. 

ROPER.  I  doubt  not  from  the  trade  of 
making  ropes,  especially  since  we  have  the 
analogous  names,  Corder,  Stringer,  Twyner, 
&c.,  and  Le  Roper  is  common  in  old  re- 
cords. But  an  exception  from  so  plebeian 
an  origin  is  claimed  b)'  one  family  thus 
denominated.  "  There  is  a  very  ancient 
family  of  the  Ropers  in  Cumberland,  who 
have  lived  immemorially  near  a  quarry  of 
red  spate  there,  from  whence  they  first  took 
the  surname  of  Rubra  Spatha."  Wright's 
Coiu't-Hand — where  we  find  "  Rouxcarrier, 
Roussir,  Rooper,  or  Roper,"  latinized  by 
De  Rubra  Spatha.  Fuller  places  this  family 
in  another  county.  "  The  name  of  Roper  in 
Derbyshire  changed  from  Musard  to  Rubra- 
Spatlia,  Rospear,  Rouspee,  Rooper,  Roper." 
Worthies  i.  71.  Lord  Teynham's  family 
claim  fi'om  William  Roper,  or  Rosper,  who 
lived  in  the  reign  of  Henr}'  III.,  and  whose 
descendants  were  of  St.  Duustau's,  near 
Canterbury,  temp.  Edward  III.  The  family 
have  ever  since  been  connected  with  Kent. 
See  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

RORKE.     The  Irish  ORourke. 

%M'  ROS.  See  under  COENISH  SURN.UIES. 

ROSAGAN.  A  place  in  Cornwall,  in 
which  county  the  family  resided  temp. 
Edward  VI. 

ROSBERT.  According  to  Camden,  this 
family  came  hither  from  the  Netherlands, 
at  or  soon  after  the  Conquest. 

ROSCARROCK.  A  manor  in  the  parish 
of  Endellion,  co.  Cornwall.  The  first  of 
the  family  on  record  is  Richard  Roscarrock, 
who  married  a  daughter  of  Giftard,  and 
was  liv  ing  at  Roscarrock,  at  an  advanced 
age,  in  the  year  1300.  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Corn- 
wall. 

ROSCOE.  Possibly  a  corruption  of 
Roscrowe.    It  is  certainly  a  Cornish  name. 


PtOS 


294 


ROS 


ROSCORLA,  Once  a  seat  in  the  parisli 
of  St.  Austell,  CO.  Cornwall.  "The  seat  of 
this  ancient  family  has  been  pulled  down. 
George  Roscorla,  the  present  representative 
of  this  decaj'ed  race,  is  a  day-labourer  at 
Roche."    Lysons'  Cornwall. 

ROSCOW.     See  Roscoe. 

ROSCROWB.  An  estate  in  the  parish 
of  Gluvias,  CO.  Cornwall,  which  was  pos- 
sessed by  the  family  in  the  XIV.  centur\^, 
and  became  extinct  temp.  Henry  VI.  or 
before.  In  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  the 
name  was  assumed  bj'  the  family  of  Harrj^, 
who  became  extinct  in  the  XVII.  century. 
C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

ROSCRUGE.  An  estote  in  tlie  parish 
of  St.  Anthony,  in  Kerrier,  co.  Cornwall. 
It  "  gave  name  and  original,"  says  Hals, 
"  to  a  family  of  gentlemen,  now  or  lately 
in  possession  thereof."  D.  Gilbert's  Corn- 
wall. 

ROSE.  This  conniion  and  very  beautiful 
name  is  somewhat  diflicult  to  account  for. 
I  am  inclined  to  think  that  it  is  often  a 
substitution  for  Ross.  The  rose,  it  is  true, 
has  in  all  ages  been  regarded  as  the 
"  Queen  of  Flowers,"  and  as  such  has  ever 
been  associated  with  poetry  and  symbo- 
lism ;  but  how  it  became  a  surname,  I  cnn 
only  conjecture,  tliat  it  was  from  the  device 
of  the  original  bearer,  Avhether  that  was 
displayed  upon  the  j^atriciau  banner,  or 
upon  the  ignoble  sign-post.  Salverte  men- 
tions a  noble  family  of  Poland,  in  the 
twelfth  century,  who  are  known  to  have 
adopted  their  surname  of  Rose  from  the 
charge  of  their  shield  ;  and  he  adduces 
other  instances  of  a  similar  practice. 
Essai,  i.  240,  &c.  The  Roses  of  ISTairnshire, 
settled  there  from  temp.  Alexander  III., 
originally  wrote  themselves  De  Roos.  Hugh 
Rose  of  Geddes,  by  marriage  with  the 
heiress  of  Byset,  acquired  the  lands  of 
Ivilravock,  and  had  a  crown  charter  of  the 
barony  from  King  John  Baliol.  "  From 
that  period  the  estate  has  descended  lineally 
to  the  present  in'oprictor."     B.L.G. 

The  water-bowgets,  borne  by  the  ancient 
Lords  De  Roos  of  Hamlalce,  are  found  in  the 
arms  of  many  families  of  Ross  and  Rose, 
showing  at  least  a  presumed  community  of 
origin  and  name. 

In  the  n.R.  we  find  De  la  Rose,  the 
meaning  of  which  is  not  clear.  In  the  same 
records  Fil'  Rose  is  also  met  with  ;  so  that 
Rose  must  have  been  a  personal  name. 

ROSEBOTTOM.     Local;  "the  bottom 

or     valley     where    the     sweet-briar  rose 

abounds." 

Tlie  fragrant  dell, 
Where  the  eglantine  doth  dwell. 

ROSECREGG.  A  place  in  the  parish 
of  St.  Anthony  Meneage,  co.  Cornwall,  in 
which  parish  the  family  were  resident  in 
1820.     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

ROSER.  •  Probnbly  tlie  Fr.  rosier.  O. 
Eng.  roscre,  a  rose-tree.  See  anecdote 
from  Maundevile,  Eng.  Sum,  i.  1 85. 


ROSEWARNE.  An  estate  in  Camborne, 
CO.  Cornwall,  formerly  the  residence  of  the 
family. 

ROSEWELL.     See  Roswell. 

ROSHER.     The  same  as  Rosier  ? 

ROSIER.     See  Roser. 

ROSKELLY.     See  Roskilly. 

ROSKILLY.  An  estate  in  St.  Keverne, 
CO.  Cornwall,  anciently  the  residence  of  the 
family. 

ROSKYjMER.  Another  spelling  of  Res- 
k3Tiier. 

ROSLING.  A  corruption  of  Roslyn,  a 
village  in  co.  Edinburgh. 

ROSOMAN.  A  corruption  of  Rosamond. 
See  Female  Christian  Names. 

ROSS.  This  surname  is  susceptible  of 
several  explanations.  1.  In  some  cases  it 
is  undoubtedly  of  foreign  local  origin.  In 
Domesday  we  'find,  in  Kent,  a  tenant  called 
Anschitil  deRos,  and,  in  Buckinghamshire, 
another  named  Ansgotus  de  Ros.  These 
probably  came  from  Ros,  a  commune  in  the 
arrondissement  of  Caen,  in  Normandy.  2. 
It  is  of  British  local  origin.  The  great 
barons  Ros,  or  Roos,  of  Hamlake,  co.York, 
sprang  from  one  Peter,  who,  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  I.,  assumed  his  surname  from  his 
lordship  of  Ros,  in  Holderness.  Bai'onage. 
The  Rosses  of  the  South  of  Scotland  appear 
to  have  sprung  from  the  English  family, 
and  to  have  passed  into  Renfrewshire,  as  the 
A^assals  of  Richard  de  Moreville  in  the  XII. 
century,  settling  at  Halkhead,  co.  Renfre^v, 
and  at  Dalton,  co.  Dumfries.  3  There  are 
several  towns  and  villages  in  North  and 
South  Britain  called  Ross,  and  these,  as 
well  as  ross,  a  heath  or  morass,  and  ross,  a 
promontory,  may  have  a  claim.  4.  The 
name  seems  sometimes  to  have  had  refer- 
ence to  the  colour  or  complexion  of  the  first 
bearer,  and  to  have  been  a  modification  of 
Le  Rous,  Rufus,  or  the  Red.  The  ancient 
family  of  Ross  of  Renfrew,  descending  from 
Alysandre,  who  flourished  at  Renfrew,  so 
early  as  the  reign  of  King  David  I.,  wrote 
themselves  ^^the  Ross  of  Renfrew,"  appar- 
ently down  to  the  XV.  century.  See 
Knowles's  Genealogy  of  Coulthart,  p.  16. 
6.  Mr.  Ferguson  claims  the  name  as 
Teutonic,  deriving  it  from  O.  Sax.,  hros,  0. 
Norse,  hross,  &c.,  a  horse.  6.  Mr.  Skene 
insinuates  a  claim  on  behalf  of  the  Gaelic. 
"  It  is  AvcU  known,"  says  he,  "that  the  sur- 
name of  Ross  has  always  been  rendered  in 
Gaelic,  Clan  Avrias,  or  Clan  Gillc  Avrias." 
Scottish  Highlanders,  ii.  224. 

ROSSER.  See  Ross.  A  dweller  tipon 
a  heath,  or  upon  a  promontor3\ 

ROSSITER.  A  corrupted  pronunciation 
of  ^^'roxeter,  a  parish  in  SJu'opshire.  the 
ancient  Roman  station  of  Uriconivm. 

ROSTHORNE.  This  nr.me,  which  ap- 
pears to  be  local,  is  now  written  Eawstone. 
B.L.G. 


ROU 

ROSWARNE.  An  estate  in  the  parish 
of  Camborne,  co.  Cornwall,  which  had  an- 
ciently owners  of  the  same  name,  who  con- 
tinued in  possession  till  the  reign  of  James 
I.,  when  the  De  lioswarue  of  that  day  sold 
it  to  Ezekiel  Grosse,  gent.,  attorney-at-law. 
Concerning  this  lawyer,  Mr.  Hals  tells  a 
queer  story,  to  the  effect  that  a  ghost 
pointed  out  to  him  a  great  treasure  in  the 
mansion  (hidden  there  doubtless  by  one  of 
the  Eoswarnes)  which  he  appropriated; 
butthe  "phantasm  or  spectrum"  sohauuted 
him,  that  he  was  obliged  to  quit  the 
place,  which  he  sold  to  his  clerk,  John 
Call — probably  an  ancestor  of  the  baronet 
of  that  name  and  county.  See  Davies  Gil- 
bert's Cornwall,  i.  162. 

ROSWELL.  Said  to  be  a  con'uption  of 
the  French  Eosseville.  It  is  therefore  local, 
but  I  know  not  the  place.  Kent,  in  his 
Grammar  of  Heraldry,  speaks  of  the  Eev. 
Sam.  Eosewell,  of  London,  M.A.,  as  "de- 
scended from  the  Eosewells,  of  Somerset- 
shire, Vviltshire,  and  Devon,  who  came  in 
with  the  Conqueror." 

ROTHERY.  Said  to  be  a  corruption  of 
the  personal  name  Eoderic. 

ROTIIIMAX.  An  old  personal  name, 
occurring  in  the  genealogy  of  the  East- 
Anglian  kings,  in  the  form  of  Hrothmund. 

ROTHSCHILD.  Whatever  may  have 
been  the  origin  of  this  name,  its  component 
parts  are  the  German  for  "  red  shiekl,"  and 
it  is  not  improbable  that  it  was  originally 
assumed,  in  chivalric  times,  by  one  who 
chose  to  carry  a  weapon  of  that  colour. 
There  are  several  instances  of  some  pecu- 
liarity in  the  weapons  of  ancient  warriors 
having  given  rise  to  sobriquets,  and  even  to 
transmissible  or  family  names,  such  as 
Lougespee,  Strongbow,  Fortescue,  Brown- 
sword.  We  have  also  an  authenticated 
instance  of  an  '  armiger  '  who  chose  to  bear 
his  ensigns  with  the  single  tincture  Gules, 
or  red.  In  the  curious  heraldric  poem  on 
the  Siege  of  Carlaverock,  A.D.  1300,  one  of 
the  commanders  is  described  as  bearing, 
not  indeed  a  shield,  but  a  banner,  entirety 
red : — 

"Mais  Eurmenions  de  la  Brfxte 
La  baniere  eut  toute  rougecte. 

ROTH^VELL.  1.  Parishes  in  cos. 
Northampton,  Lincoln,  and  York.  2. 
The  family  are  presumed  to  be  of  Dutch 
extraction.  The  ancestor  of  the  Eoth wells 
of  Meath  accompanied  William  III.  to  Ire- 
land.    B.L.G. 

ROTTEN.  ROTTENHERYING. 

These    opprobrious    names    occur   in    the 
archives  of  Hull,  in  the  XIV.  centur}'. 

ROTHERHAM.     A  town  in  Yorkshire. 

ROUGH.  Has  probablj  no  reference  to 
want  of  polish.  It  is  more  likely  to  be 
local,  and  derived  from  residence  near  a 
roiifjli,  that  is,  a  place  overgrown  -with 
bushes,  or  a  rough  uneven  ground. 

ROUGHHEAD.      An   Edinbur^^h   e^ur- 


295  R  0  W 


name.    It  is  possibly  local,  signifying  "  the 
rough  or  rugged  promontorj-." 

ROUGHLY.  Local :  "  the  rough  lea,  or 
pasture." 

ROUGHTON.  Parishes  in  Norfolk  and 
Lincoln. 

ROUND.  In  some  places,  the  open  space 
anciently  used  for  the  inhuman  sport  of 
bull-baiting  is  still  called  'the  Eound;'  and 
residence  near  such  a  spot  would  originate 
the  surname. 

ROUNDELL.  See  imder  Rundle.  The 
Eoundells  of  Screven,  in  Yorkshire,  have 
possessed  Screven  ever  since  the  early  part 
of  the  XV.  century,  the  first  recorded  pro- 
genitor being  John  Eoundcll,  of  that  place. 
3.  Henry  VL     Whitaker's  Craven. 

ROUNTHWAITE.  Local:  see Thwaite. 

ROUPEL.  1.  Fr.  "  roupille,  sortc  de  petite 
casaqne,  a  short  coat  of  old."'  Boyer.  2.  Fv. 
'■'■roupeau,  a  little  heron  which  hauntcth 
rocks  [unde  nomen]  and  hath  a  peake  of 
feathers  falling  backwards  on  the  hinder 
part  of  his  head."  Cotgrave.  The  sur- 
name was  doubtless  a  sobriquet  allusive 
either  to  the  dress  or  the  gait  of  the  first 
bearer  of  it. 

ROUPELL.  The  family  are  "  originally 
from  Hesse  Cassell,  where  they  flourished 
in  great  local  importance  for  centuries." 
The  name  still  exists  there  as  Eiippell. 
The  first  who  settled  in  England  was 
Captain  Eoupell,  an  officer  in  William  III.'s 
guards,  who  accompanied  that  monarch 
from  Holland  in  1688.     B.L.G. 

ROURK.     ROURKE.     See  O'Rourke. 

ROUS.  The  O.Fr.  rous,  from  Latin  rufus, 
red,  has  originated  the  names  Eous,  Eouse, 
Rowse,  and  the  diminutive  Eowsell,  whence 
also  in  many  cases  Eussell,  although  the 
last  has  sometimes  a  local  source.  The 
name  occurs  in  the  collection  of  names 
called  the  Roll  of  Battel  Abbey,  and  there 
is  no  doubt  of  its  early  Norman  origin. 
The  cognate  Leroux  is  still  a  common  sur- 
name in  Normandy.  The  ancestor  of  the 
family  is  said  to  have  been  Ealph  le  Eufus, 
or  Eous,  who  came  hither  with  the  Con- 
queror. From  him  descended  the  noble 
family  (Stradbroke)  settled  in  Suffolk  from 
temp.  Edward  III.,  and  the  Eouses  of 
Cornwall  and  Devon.  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Corn- 
wall. The  senior  line  was  Eons  of  Mod- 
bury,  CO.  Devon  ;  and  the  next  branch,  that 
of  Edmerstou,  sprang  from  Sir  Eobert  le 
Eous,  a  knight-banneret  under  Edward  the 
Black  Prince.     B.L.G. 

ROUSE.     See  Rous. 

ROUSHAM.     A  parish  in  Oxfordshire. 

ROUTH.     A  parish  In  the  E.  Riding  of 

Yorkshire. 

ROUTLEDGE.  A  local  name,  common 
in  Cumberland.     I  do  not  find  the  place. 

ROWAN.     A  i)lace  in  the  parish  of  Ca- 

nonbie,  co.  Dumfries. 


TtOY 


296 


RUG 


EOWBOTIIAM.     As  Rowbottom. 

EOWBOTTOM.  See  Bottom,  in  the 
Supplement. 

ROWCLIFFE.  A  corruption  of  Rock- 
clifife,  a  parish  in  Cumberland. 

ROWDON.  Probably  the  same  as  Raw- 
don. 

ROWE.  ROW.  1.  Astreet,orratliera 
series  of  detached  houses,  standing  on  one 
side  only  of  the  highway.  2.  There  is  a 
parish  in  Dumbartonshire  so  called.  3. 
Gaelic,  rhu,  ^coi.roiv,  signifies  a  low,  small, 
narrow  peninsula.     Gaz.  Scotl. 

Rowe,   without  any   prefix,  is  found  in 
H.R. 

ROWELL.  A  hamlet  of  Hawling,  co. 
Gloucester. 

ROWLAND.  1.  A  common  personal 
name,  particularly  in  Wales.  Hence  Row- 
lands, and  Rowlandson.  2.  A  township  of 
Bakewell,  co.  Derby. 

ROWLANDS.     See  Rowlaucl. 

RO^VLANDSON.     See  Rowland. 

ROWLES.     See  Rolle. 

I  ROWLEY.  The  family  claim  to  be  of 
Saxon  blood,  but  the  name  is  traced  only 
to  temp.  Edward  II.,  when  Randolph  de 
Rowley  was  seated  at  Carmichan,  co. 
Chester.  Lord  Langford's  family  settled  in 
Ireland,  temp.  James  I.  There  are  parishes 
of  Rowley  iii  Yorkshire  and  Staffordshire. 

ROWNTREE.  Tlie  roican-tree  is  the 
mountain-ash,  and  the  name  may  there- 
fore be  congenerous  with  Oak,  Ash,  &c. 

ROWSE.     See  Rous. 

ROWSELL.     See  Rous. 

ROWTON.  Townships  In  cos.  Chester, 
Shropshire,  kc. 

ROXBERRY.  Probably  the  same  as 
Roxburgh. 

ROXBOROUGIL  ROXBROUGH.  The 

same  as  Roxburgh. 

ROXBURGH.  The  Scottish  town, 
capital  of  the  shire  so  called. 

ROXBY.  A  parish  in  Lincolnshire,  and 
a  chapelry  in  Yorkshire.  The  Yorkshire 
surname  was  formerly  spelt  Rooksby,  and 
occasionally  Rokeby.     B.L.G. 

ROY.  Has  no  relation  to  the  Fr.  roi. 
It  is  Gaelic,  and  signifies  the  red-haired ; 
and,  as  such,  it  has  often  been  n.sed  as  a 
sobriquet,  down  almost  to  our  own  times, 
in  conjunction  with,  or  to  supersede,  a 
family  name. 

ROYALL.     See  Ryall. 

S^°ROYD,  a  common  termination  of 
names  of  places  in  the  North  of  England, 
signifying  a  clearing  in  a  forest,  in  legal 
phrase,  a  roda  or  assart.  '■'■Rode  land  is 
used  in  this  sense  in  modern  German, 
in  which  the  verb  rodeii  means  to  clear; 
hence,  near  the  Ilartz  forest,   Elbin- 


gerode,  Blacherode,  and  Osterode.  The 
combination  of  the  syllable  I'od,  rode,  or 
roi/d,  with  some  other  term,  or  with  the 
name  of  an  original  settler,  lias  no  doubt 
given  to  particular  localities  such  de- 
signations as  Huntroyd,  Ormerod,  &c., 
&c."  [Coucher  Book  of  Whalley  Abbey; 
Gloss.]  In  Lancashire  and  Yorkshire, 
the  adjunct  sometimes  refers  to  the 
early  proprietor,  as  in  Monkroj'd,  Mar- 
tinrode,  &c.  ;  sometimes  to  the  trees 
ridded  or  cleared,  as  in  Oakenrode,  Ac- 
royd,  Holliurode,  Holroyd,  &c. ;  some- 
times to  other  characteristics.  Notes 
and  Queries,  v.,  571. 

ROYELL.     The  same  as  Royle. 

ROYER.  Tliis  name,  in  its  present  or- 
thography, is  found  in  H.R. 

ROYLE.     Perhaps  Ryall,  a  township  in 

Northumberland. 

ROYSTOX.  Parishes  in  Cambridgeshire 
and  Yorkshire. 

RUBY.     Probably  local ;  see  termination 

BY. 

RUDD.     Probably  tlie  same  as  Rodd. 

RUDDER.     A  corruption  of  Rutter. 

RUDDERFORTH.     See  Rutherfurd. 

RUDDIFORD.     See  Rutherfurd. 

RUDDIMAN.  A  man  of  ruddy  com- 
plexion ;  analogous  to  Blackman,  White- 
man,  kc. 

RUDDLE.  A  member  of  the  family  of 
Picard  changed  his  name  to  Ruddle,  at  the 
instance  of  King  Edward  IV.,  the  latter 
being  the  designation  of  his  birth-place. 
Blore's  Monument.  Rem.  I  do  not  find  the 
locality. 

RUDDY.  Of  red  or  sanguine  complex- 
ion. 

RUDGE.  An  early  member  of  tbis 
family  was  John  de  Rugge,  of  Seysdou,  co. 
Stafford,  who  was  living,  17.  Edward  II. 
Shaw's  Staffordshire.  Rudge  and  Ridge  ap- 
pear to  be  identical  in  meaning.  The  sur- 
name is  doubtless  derived  from  a  township 
in  Shropshire  so  called. 

RUDWICK.  A  Sussex  name,  probably 
deri^'ed  from  Rudgwick  in  that  count}'. 

RUE.  ] .  The  French  De  la  Rue,  deprived 
of  its  prefix.  2.  Eewe,  a  parish  in  Devon- 
shire. 

RUEL.     See  Rule. 

RUFF.     Tlie  same  as  Rough. 

RUFIXE.  This  name  was  introduced 
into  England  by  Dr.  James  Eufine,  a  student 
of  Leyden  in  1671,  who  came  to  this  coun- 
try at  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of 
Nantes,  and  married  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  —  Young,  Esq.,  of  Bradfield  Hall,  co. 
Suffolk. 

RUFUS.      The   retained  latlnization   of 
Le  Rou. 

RUGBY.     A  town  in  Warwickshire. 


Aigeieys  oi  oianorasaire 
Perhaps  irom  tlie  Roxbi 


ui'ghsliire 


RUN 

RUGELEY.  A  parish  in  Staffordshire, 
ancientlj'  the  seat  of  the  family. 

RUGGLES.  1.  This  coarsely  plebeian 
name  may  be  from  a  "noble  Norman 
source,"  Rngles  being  the  designation  of  a 
village  in  the  department  of  Eure.  2.  An- 
ciently Roggyle  and  Riiggle.  It  has  been 
conjectured  that  the  family  sprang  from 
the  De  Rugeleys^  of  Staffordshire ;  but  this 
is  improbabl 

RULE.    Pernap 
rivulet;  but  more  probably  the  A. -Norman 
personal   name    Raoul.     "The    H.R.    Ruel 
favours  the  latter  derivation. 

RULER.  A  man  in  command  of  a  body 
of  workmen. 

RUM.  "  Rum,"  says  Mr.  Ferguson,  "  I 
take  to  be  from  0.  Norse  runu',  vir  miraanis, 
gigas — one  who  might  truly  be  called  a 
"rum  customer."  Hence  may  indeed  be 
the  origin  of  our  word  ritm  for  queer,  which 
appears  indigenous  to  some  of  oar  northern 
dialects,  and  which  I  doubt,  therefore,  being 
a  cant  phrase."  Rum  is  also  an  old  pei"- 
soual  name  mentioned  by  Neunius :  Rum 
map  Urbgen.     Mou.  Uist.  Brit.,  p.  7G. 

RUMBALL,  RUMBELL,  and  perhaps 
RUMBELLO.  The  sameasRumbold. 

RUMBLE.     See  Rurabold. 

RUMBOLD.  RUMBOL.  Reinbald, 
a  Teutonic  name  of  great  antiquity,  whence 
Rumbolds-Wyke,  co.  Sussex.  Reinbald, 
Eumbaldus,  Rumoldus,  &c.,  occur  in  Domes- 
day. 

RU.ADIENS.  Rumun,  an  0.  Xorse 
personal  name.     Ferguson. 

RUMMER Y,  A  corruption  of  Romare  ? 

RTOISEY.  Romsey,  a  town  in  Ilamj:)- 
shire. 

RUXCrijNrAN.  Jamieson  defines  runchip. 
as  'raw-boned.'  Hence  j^robably  this  sur- 
name, and  Euuciman. 

RUNCIMAN.     See  Runchman. 

RUNDELL.     See  Rundle. 

RUXDLB.  A  branch  of  the  great  ba- 
ronial house  of  Cobham,  of  Kent,  adopted 
this  name  from  their  residence  at  a  place  so 
called,  in  the  parish  of  Shorue  in  that 
county.  Hasted  says :  "  Eaudall,  for- 
merly called  Eoundall  and  Rundale,  is  a 
manor  in  this  parish,  which,  though  at 
pi'esent  of  little  repute,  was  anciently  of 
some  note,  as  being  one  of  the  seats  of  the 
noble  family  of  Cobham,  where  they  are 
said  to  have  resided  before  they  removed  to 
Cobham  Hall."  In  the  XIII.  centurj-,  John 
de  Cobham  gave  Euudale  to  his  second  son 
Henr)',  and  his  descendants  were  variously 
■ft'ritten  Eoundale,  Rundel,  Eoundall,  and 
Eundella,  and  so  lately  as  S  Henry  VI.  the 
then  proprietor  of  the  estate  was  styled  Lord 
Thomas  de  Cobham,  rtiws Eundella,  Knight. 
The  elder  or  Kentish  line  of  the  Cobhams 
terminated  in  an  heiress,  and  she  married 
Sir  John  Oldcastle,  who  was  summoned  to 
Parliament  in  riglit  of  his  wife,  as  Baron 
2  Q 


297 


RUS 


Cobham,  in  1409,  and  who  afterwards  be- 
came famous  as  the  leader  of  the  Lollards  ; 
but  it  is  more  than  likely  that  the  blood  of 
that  ancient  race  yet  flows  in  the  Eundles  of 
the  West  of  England.  In  the  reigns  of  Ed- 
ward II.,  Edward  III.,  and  Henry  IV.,  the 
De  Cobhams  held  lands  in  Devonshire,  Corn- 
wall, and  Somersetshire,  and  some  of  their 
connections  doubtless  planted  the  family 
and  name  of  Rondell  or  Rundle  in  those 
counties.  Mr.  C.  S.  Gilbert  says  :  "  Hole 
in  St.  Neot,  the  seat  of  John  Rundle,  gent., 
has  long  been  the  residence  of  the  family, 
[seven  generations].  The  surname  of  this 
family,  which  is  known  to  be  of  great  an- 
tiquity in  Cornwall,  is  supposed  by  some  to 
be  an  abbreviation  of  the  name  of  Arundell ; 
this,  however,  appears  to  be  a  matter  of 
doubt.  The  name  has  been  differently 
spelt,  as  Rundle,  Randall,  and  Rendall. 
There  are  several  branches  still  resident  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Looe  and  Liskeard. 
A  brancli  of  Randall  who  resided  at  or 
near  Looe,  assumed  the  name  of  Morth  or 
Murth,  (so  written  in  Talland  Church)  but 
retained  the  arms  of  Randall."  Hist.  Corn- 
wall, ii.  94(3. 

RUSBRIDGE.  I  iind  no  English  locality 
so  called.  The  name  is  probably  derived 
from  the  town  of  Eousbrugge  in  Belgium. 

RUSBRIDGER.  A  native  of  Rousbrugge, 
in  Belgium ;  analogous  to  Dantziger,  Ham- 
burgher,  &c.     See  termination  ER. 

RUSCOE.     The  same  as  Roscoe. 

RUSH.  A  provincialism  for  'subtle"; 
probably  corrupted  from  the  Fr.  ruse. 

RUSHALL.  Parishes  in  cos.  Norfolk, 
Stafford,  and  Wilts. 

RUSHBROOK.  A  parish  in  Suilbllc. 
De  Eusshebroc  occurs  in  the  H.K.  of  that 
county. 

RUSHBURY.     A  parish  in  Sliropshire. 

RUSHOUT.  According  to  a  pedigree, 
duly  certiiied  by  the  Freucla  heraldic  authori- 
ties in  the  year  1632,  Lord  Northwick's 
ancestor  was  Thibaut  Eushaut,  a  noble 
English  knight  (nohle  clieralier  lincjlois), 
who  settled  in  France  at  the  commencement 
of  the  fourteenth  century.  His  posterity 
were  Lords  and  Blarquises  of  Gamachos, 
one  of  whom  was  of  the  number  of  the  five 
Protestant  nobles  wlio  escaped  the  massacre 
of  St.  Bartholomew,  in  consideration  of 
being  related  to  Catherine  de  Medicis. 
His  son  settled  in  Flanders,  and  bis  de- 
scendant, .John  Eushout,  a  native  of  Eous- 
selaer  in  that  country,  settled  in  England, 
and  died  in  1653.  His  son,  James  Eushout, 
was  created  a  baronet  at  the  Eestoration  of 
Charles  II. 

RUSHTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Northampton,  Chester,  Stafford,  and  Dorset. 

RUSK.     See  Ruskin. 

RUSKIX.  A  diminutive  of  some  per- 
sonal name,  perhaps  of  Eusk,  which  is 
found  in  Lond.  Directory. 

RUSS.     A  Russian. 


SAB 


298 


SAC 


RUSSELL.  The  Duke  of  Bedford  claims 
from  the  lords  of  Eosel,  an  ancient  fief  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Cherbourg  in  Nor- 
mandy, who  were  a  younger  branch  of  the 
barons  of  Briquebec.  Hugh  de  Rosel,  a 
benefactor  of  the  abbey  of  Caen,  "  accom- 
panied the  Conqueror  to  England,  and  was 
rewarded  with  possessions  in  co.  Dorset, 
tlie  principal  of  wIdIcIi  were  Kingston,  after- 
wards called  Kingston-Eussell  and  Berwick, 
the  latter  of  which  is  still  in  possession  of 
the  family.''  Parry's  Hist,  of  Woburn,  p.  GG. 

RUSTON.  Parishes  in  Yorkshire  and 
Norfolk. 

EUTH.  1 .  See  Female  Christian  Names. 
2.  More  probably  the  same  as  Eouth. 

RUTHERFORD.     See  Rutherfurd. 

RUTHERFURD.  An  extinct  parish  in 
CO.  Roxburgh.  This  ancient  family  have  a 
tradition  that  their  founder,  a  man  of  dis- 
tinction on  the  Border,  having  conducted 
Ruther,  King  of  the  Scots,  safely  through 
the  river  Tweed,  on  an  expedition  against 
the  South,  at  a  place  called  from  that  event, 
Rutherfurd,  the  monarch  rewarded  his 
faitliful  guide  with  lauds  adjacent  to  the 
place,  afterwards  known  as  the  barony  of 
Rutherfurd.  The  authentic  history  of  the 
family  commences  with  Robert,  Dominus 
de  Rutherfurd,  witness  to  a  charter  of 
David  I.,  in  1140.  The  family  continued 
to  reside  at  Rutherfurd  until  the  last  cen- 
tury, and  the  present  head  of  the  house, 
though  resident  at  Edgerston,  still  writes 
himself  Rutherfurd  of  that  Ilk. 

RUTLAND.     From  the  county. 

RUTLEDGE.      The  same  as  Routledge. 

RUTSON.  In  Cumberland  and  West- 
moreland, this  is  the  usual  corruption  of 
Richardson. 

R UTTER.  Germ,  ritter  ?  A  rider  or 
trooper ;  also  a  veteran  soldier.  According 
to  Halliwell  "  the  term  was  usually  applied 
to  a  fine,  dasliing,  boasting  gallant;  one  so 
fashionable  as  to  speak  much  in  foreign 
languages;"  though  the  application  of  it 
in  that  sense  is  not  very  obvious. 


RUTTERFORD.     See  Rutherfurd. 

RUVIE.  RUVY.  A  Scottish  corres- 
pondent remarks :  "I  was  struck  with  the 
name  of  Ruvy  or  Ruvie,  and  on  enquiring 
of  the  parish  clergyman,  I  found  that  the 
family  name  had  been  Macgillivray  !  But 
for  this  assurance,  one  would  at  once  think 
Ruthven  a  much  likelier  origin." 

RYALL.  A  township  in  Stamfordham 
parish,  co.  Northumberland. 

RYAN.     See  O'Ryan. 

RYCROFT.  Local:  "the  rye-croft," 
an  enclosure  where  rye  was  cultivated. 

RYDE.     A  town  in  the  Isle  of  Wight. 

RYDER.  See  Rider.  Le  Rydar,  Le 
Eydere.     H.R. 

RYDON.  The  same  as  Roy  don  or  Roy- 
ton. 

RYE.  A  town  in  Sussex.  La  Rie,  mean- 
ing a  bank,  is  a  very  common  name  of 
localities  in  Normandy. 

RYGATE.     Reigate,  a  town  in  Surrey. 

RYLE.  Two  townships  in  Whittingham 
parish,  Northumberland,  are  so  called. 

RYMAN.  1.  Rye  is  an  elevated  ground. 
Lat.  I'ijxi,  Fr.  rive.  The  Rjinan  resided  on 
such  an  eminence.  2.  A  corruption  of  the 
personal  name  Raymond. 

RYMER.  Doubtless  a  person  skilled  in 
making  verses,  like  the  far-famed  Scotch- 
man, Thomas  the  Rhymer.  King  Henry 
III.  kept  a  court  poet,  or  poet-laureate, 
called  Master  Henry  the  Versifier,  and  paid 
him  one  hundred  shillings  per  annum  for 
his  poes3^  Still  earlier,  Henry  I.  had  a 
bard  wbo  wrote  laudatory  verses  about  his 
master,  and  was  called  AValo  Versificator. 
Warton's  Hist,  of  English  Poetry,  vol.  i. 
p.  47.  These  old  court-poets  were  called 
Archij^oefcs. 

RYND.     See  Rhynd. 

RYTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Durham, 
Salop,  Warwick,  York,  &c. 

RYVES.     The  same  as  Reeves. 


8. 


Cabbage,     a  corruption  of  Savage. 

SABBE.     See  Sabine. 

SABINE.  SABIN.  Originally  Sabinns, 
a  Roman  personal  name,  implying  a  des- 
cent from  the  Sabine  nation.  Sabina,  its 
feminine,  is  still  used  as  a  baptismal  name. 


Sabbe,  an  old  family  in  Norfolk,  probably 
corrupted  their  name  from  this.  H.R. 
Sabin,  Sabyn. 

SACHEVERELL.  A  name  of  uncer- 
tain meaning.  It  can  hardly  come  from 
sachevcrel,  which,  according  to  Halliwell, 
means  the  iron  door  or  blower  of  a  stove. 


SAD 


299 


SAI 


As  it  is  sometimes  written  Sacliervill,  it 
was  i3i'obably  talien  from  some  place  iu 
Normaud}'.  The  Dearest  approach  to  it  I 
can  find  is  Saclieuvilla,  now  Sacqueuville, 
near  Evreux.  In  records  it  is  latinized 
Dc  salfu  Capello),  'goat's  leap'  or  'goat's 
wood,'  and  the  crest  is  a  goat.  In  the 
H.  R.  it  is  written  Saucheverel,  without 
prefix,  and  there  is  one  Nichs.  Sans  Cheverel, 
which,  if  it  has  any  meaning,  would  seem 
to  be  Nicholas,  without  the  Little  Goat. 

SACK.  A  loose  garment — a  word  still 
in  use.  There  was  an  ancient  fraternity 
called  'fratres  saccati,'  or  sac-friars,  from 
the  coarse  sackcloth  garment  which  they 
wore.  "Et  eodem  tempore  (1257)  novus 
ordo  apparuit  Londiui,  qui,  quia  saccis 
incedebant  iuduti,  Fratres  Saccati  voca- 
bantur."  Matthew  Paris.  See  Archajo- 
logia,  iii.  121). 

SACKER.  1.  A  maker  of  sacks  or  loose 
garments.     2.  See  Sack. 

SACKVILLE.  a  place  in  J^ormaudy, 
now  called  Sauqueville,  near  the  river  Soie, 
in  the  department  of  the  Lower  Seine,  about 
seven  miles  from  Diej^pe.  Collins  says,  that 
the  family  were  lords  of  the  town  and 
seigniory  "  long  before  the  Conquest."  The 
name  was  variously  written  De  Salchevilla, 
Salkavilla,  Saccavilla,  &c.  According  to 
genealogists,  the  first  of  the  family  in 
England  was  Herbrand  de  Salchevilla, 
who  came  in  with  the  Conqueror,  while  his 
kinsman,  Jourdain  de  S.,  was  Sewer  of 
England  under  the  same  monarch.  At  the 
commencement  of-  the  XIII.  century, 
another  Jourdain  de  S.  founded  the  colle- 
giate church  of  Sauqucville,  which  remained 
'  une  des  plus  belles  de  la  coiitre  '  until  the 
3'ear  1825,  when  it  was  pulled  down  by  a 
neighbouring  proprietor,  who  used  its 
materials  for  building  a  cotton-mill. 
Cochet,  Les  Eglises  de  Dieppe  (Egl. 
Eurales),  p.  89,  where  a  most  interesting- 
account  of  the  church  is  given.  It  is  added : 
"  At  the  sight  of  a  profanation  so  awful, 
the  good  inhabitants  of  Sauqueville  revolted 
against  the  demolishers.  There  was  a  riot ; 
an  armed  force  was  obliged  to  interfere,  and 
these  sons  of  the  Crusaders  were  sent  to 
prison  for  resisting  a  legal  order!"  This  act 
of  Vandalism  deprived  both  Norman  and 
English  antiquaries  of  what  might  be  re- 
garded as  an  historical  monument,  since  its 
founder,  Jourdain  de  Sauqueville,  was  one 
of  the  bravest  defenders  of  King  John  and 
his  Norman  dependencies  against  the 
French.  A  railway  now  traverses  the  dese- 
crated cliurchyard  of  Sauqueville. 

SADD.  O.  Eng.  sadde;  not  s.ad, 
wretched,  in  the  modern  sense,  but  grave, 
serious.  Two  centuries  ago  any  thing  dull 
or  heavy  was  so  called,  as  sad  colour,  sad 
bread,  &c. 

"  A  sad  man  in  whom  is  no  pride, 
Riglit  a  discrete  confessor  as  I  trow ; 
His  name  was  called  Sir  Jolm  Doelow." 

M.S.  Rawl.  c.  8G.    (Halliw). 
H.K.  Sad. 

SADDINGTOK 

shire. 


A  parish  in  Leicester- 


SADELER.     The  same  as  Sadler. 

SADLEIR.     The  same  as  Sadler. 

SADLER.     A  .saddler. 

SAER.     See  Sayer. 

SAFFERY.     See  Savory. 

SAGE.  Probably  a  translation  of  Le 
Sage,  still  a  very  common  French  surname. 
It  has  reference  to  the  wisdom  and  pru- 
dence of  the  original  bearer.  Wise,  as  an 
English  surname,  is  a  precise  analogue. 
Le  Sage.  H.II. 

SAGGERS.  Probably  the  same  as 
Segar,  in  a  genitive  form. 

SAIL.     See  Sale. 

SAINSBURY.  Probably  from  Saint- 
bury,  a  parish  iu  co.  Gloucester. 

C®'  SAINT.  A  common  prefix  to  sur- 
names of  Norman  origin,  as  St.  Aubyn, 
St.  Amand,  St.  -Barbe,  St.  Clere,  St. 
George,  St.  Germaine,  St.  John,  St. 
Leger.  Many  places  in  Normandy,  and 
elsewhere,  had  formerly  no  other  name 
than  that  of  the  Saint  to  whom  the 
Church  was  dedicated,  and  from  such 
places  these  surnames  have  been  derived. 

SAINT  ALBYiST.  The  same,  originally, 
as  St.  Aubyn. 

SAINT  AMAND.  From  St.  Amand- 
des-hautes-terres,  near  Louviers,  or  St. 
Amand-les-Valettes,  near  St.  Lo.  in  Nor- 
mandy. The  baronial  family  traced  to 
Almaric  de  St.  Amand,  lord  of  Liskeard,  co. 
Cornwall,  temp.  Henry  III. 

SAINT    ANDRE,   or  ANDREW.     St. 

Andre-la-foret  is  near  Evreux ;  St.  Andre- 
sur-Cailli,  near  Rouen. 

SAINT  ARNOLD.  Four  places  in 
Normandy  bear  this  name  (St.  Arnoult). 

SAINT  AUBYN.     According  to  Leland, 

the  family  of  St.  vUbin  (St.  Aubyn)  took 
their  surname  from  a  town  in  Brittany  so 
called,  and  settled  in  Somersetshire  soon 
after  the  Conquest.  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Corn- 
Avall.  Mauger  de  St.  Aubyn  held  the  manor 
of  Mattingho,  co.  Devon,  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  III.;  but  the  pedigree  commences 
only  temp.  Henry  IV.,  with  Sir  Guy  St. 
Aubyn  of  Clowauce  in  CornM-all,  which 
has  ever  since  been  the  seat  of  the  family. 
Courthope's  Debrett. 

SAINT  BARBE.     The  Norman   origin 

of  this  family  is  undoubted,  and  the  nanie 

occurs  in  Leland's rhyming  and  alliterati\e 

list  of  the  Conqueror's  followers  : — 

"  St.  Barbe  et  SageWlle 
Vernoun  et  Waterville." 

A  bourg  and  two  villages  in  Normandy  bear 
the  name  of  St.  Barbe,  better  known  in  the 
Roman  Calendar  as  St.  Barbara,  whose  coif 
and  veil  were  among  the  relics  preserved 
at  Glastonbury,  with  which  establish- 
ment the  family  were  connected,  holding 
of  it  the  manor"  of  Brent  St.  Barbe,  before 
the  reign  of  Edw.  I.  The  name  is  thought 
to  be  peculiar  to  the  existing  family,  and 


S  AI 


300 


SAI 


not  to  be  found  in  Normandy,  though 
Barbe  is  well-linown  tliere.  Symbaibe  is 
a  corruption  of  this  ancient  name. 

SAINT     CLAIR.      SAINT    CLERE. 

This  name,  usually  corrupted  to  Sinclair, 
is  of  French  origin,  and  springs  from  the 
great  family  De  Sancto  Claro,  in  France. 
The  noble  Scottish  families  of  this  surname 
are  descended  from  Sir  William  St.  Clair, 
or  Sinclair,  who  was  lord  of  Rosslyn,  &c., 
in  Mid-Lothian,  by  grant  of  King  Alexan- 
der I.  Three  places  called  St.  Clair  occur 
in  the  Itin.  de  la  Norraandie,  in  the  arron- 
dissements,  severally,  of  St.  Lo,  Havre,  and 
Yvetot.  The  widely-spread  importance  of 
this  family  is  shewn  bj'  tlie  fact  that  about 
twenty  coats  of  arms  are  assigned  to  the 
name.  Kichard  de  Sent  Cler  occurs  in  the 
Domesday  of  Noi-lolk. 

SAINT  CROIX.     (See   De  St.  Croix.) 
'  The  Holy  Cross.' 

"  Olicrosse  est  en  Engleiz, 
Ke  Saint  Croix  est  en  Frauceiz." 
Roman  de  Rem. 

SAINT  ELOY.  Ste.  Eloi  is  in  the  ar- 
rondissement  of  Andeli  in  Normandy. 
Chaucer's  Prioress  used  to  swear  by  this 
saint  : — 

"  Tliut  of  Iier  smylyng  was  fill  sjnmple  and  coy  ; 
Hu-e  grettest  oath  was  but  liy  seynt  (E)  ley." 

Canlevh.  Talcs,  Prologue,  120. 

SAINT  GEORGE.  This  illustrious 
famil)'  came  originally  from  La  Marche  de 
Limousin,  in  France,  and  derived  their 
name  from  the  barony  of  St.  George,  near 
Limoges,  where,  upon  the  authority  of  an 
old  inscribed  chiu-ch  bell,  recast  in  1G87, 
they  were  seated  in  A.D.  888 — though  this 
may  well  be  questioned.  Baldwin  de  St. 
George  came  hither  with  the  Conqueror  and 
became  ancestor  of  the  St.  Georges  of  Hat- 
field St.  George,  and  of  other  places  iu 
England  and  Ireland.  Other  branches  re- 
mained iu  France,  and  few  names  have 
been  more  distinguished  in  that  country, 
throughout  a  series  of  ages,  than  that  of 
St.  George.  Inf  J.  Bertrand  Payne,  Esq. 
"  St.  George  for  England .'"  would  al- 
most seem  to  be  a  mistake,  since  the  great 
majority  of  jDcrsous  so  called  are  Irish- 
men. 

SAINT  GERMYN.  St.  Germain  has 
given  his  name  to  at  least  twelve  places  in 
Normandy.     See  Itin.  de  la  Normaudie. 

SAINT  HILL.  Berry  assigns  eight 
coats  to  this  surname.  Who  the  saint  was, 
I  cannot  ascertain. 

SAINT  HILARY.  One  parish  in  Corn- 
wall, and  several  in  Normandy,  are  dedi- 
cated to  this  well-known  French  Saint,  and 
known  by  his  name. 

SAINT  JERMYN.     See  St.  Germjn. 

SAINT  JOHN.  Several  parishes  in 
Normandy  bear  the  name  of  this  saint. 
The  family  were  in  England  very  soon 
after,  if  not  at,  the  Conquest,  being  de- 
scended, in  the  male  line,  from  the  great 
Domesday  baron,  Hugh  dePort.  William, 
son  of  Adam  de  Port,  took  the  name  of  St. 


John  in  the  XII.  cent,  on  his  marriage 
with  the  heiress  of  the  powerful  Norman 
family,  so  called.  This  surname  is  vilely 
corrupted  in  pronunciation  to  Singen.  A 
boy,  not  aware  of  this,  once  read  the  open- 
ing lines  of  Pope's  Essay  on  Man  in 
manner  following : — 

"  Awake  my  St.  Jdhn — leave  all  meaner  things, 
To  low  Ambition — and  the  iiritle  of  Idngs ! " 

SAINT  LAWRENCE.  This  family 
(the  Earl  of  Howth's)  claim  to  have  been 
barons  by  tenure  of  Howth,  in  Ireland,  ever 
since  the  conquest  of  that  kingdom  by 
King  Henry  II.,  the  ancestor  having  as- 
sisted in  Strongbow's  invasion.  He  was 
doubtless  of  Norman  extraction,  and  he 
may  have  come  either  from  St.  Lawrent, 
near  Bayeux,  or  from  the  place  of  the  same 
name  near  Yvetot. 

SAINT  LEGER.  The  St.  Legers  came 
from  Caen  in  Normandy  (Chron.  of  Battel 
Abbey,  p.  59),  and  a  family  tradition  as- 
serts that  the  patriarch,  Robert,  was  not 
only  present  at  William's  inva,sion  in  1066, 
but  actually  supported  him  with  his  hand 
as  he  quitted  the  ship  I  There  are  six 
places  bearing  this  name  mentioned  in  the 
Itin.  de  la  Normandie.  Its  latinization  is 
De  Sancto  Leodegario — its  corruption, 
Sellinger. 

SAINT  LIS.  The  originator  of  this 
family  in  England  was  Simon  de  St.  Lis,  a 
participator  in  the  Norman  Conquest. 
William  is  said  to  have  offered  him  in 
marriage  to  his  niece  Judith,  widow  of 
Waltheof,  a  great  Saxon  earl,  whom  he  had 
deposed  and  beheaded.  The  ladj'  refused 
him  '  because  he  halted  in  one  leg,'  and  so 
he  courted  and  won  her  elder  daughter 
Maud  !  He  was  afterwards  raised  to  the 
Earldoms  of  Huntingdon  and  Northampton. 
See  the  whole  story  in  Dugdale's  Baron- 
age. The  ordinary  corruption  of  the  name 
is  Senlis  or  Seulez. 

SAINT  LO.     SAINT  LOE.     SAINT 

LOW.  Often  corrupted  to  Senlow  and 
Sentlow.  There  are  three  places  called  St, 
Loup  in  Normandy,  situated  respectively 
in  the  arrondissements  of  Lisieux,  Bayeux, 
and  Avrauches.  As  the  surname  is  latin- 
ized in  charters  as  De  Sancto  Laudo,  it  is 
jtrobably  the  origin  of  Laud. 

SAINT  I\IARTIN.  St.  ]\Iartin,  the  mi- 
litary saint  of  France  (etymological ly 
descended  from  Mars)  was  greatly  honoured 
in  Normandy,  no  less  than  twenty-five 
places  bearing  his  name  being  given  in  the 
Itineraire  de  la  Norm.  The  family  were 
important  in  England,  temp.  Henry  II. 

SAINT  MAUR  Camden  and  Dugdale 
agree  that  the  noble  house  of  Seymour  (St. 
Maur)  "  entered  England  with  William 
the  Conqueror,  or  soon  after,"  and  the 
former  sa}s,  what  is  doubtless  true,  that 
their  name  was  derived  from  a  place  in 
Normandy  ;  but  tlie  Itin.  Norm,  furnishes 
no  clue  to  the  localitj'.  Ancient  forms  are 
De  Sancto  Mauro,  Semor,  &c.  See  Sey- 
mour. 


SAI 


301 


SAL 


SAINT  MICHAEL.  Several  places  in 
England  and  Normandy  bear  lliis  name. 
In  Scotland  it  was  sometimes  written  St. 
Michill,  and  St.  Mitchell. 

SAINT  NICHOLAS.  Several  places 
botli  in  Normandy  and  England  are  so 
called. 

SAINT  OMER.  A  well-known  town 
in  the  Pas  de  Calais ;  also  a  village  near 
Falaise  in  Normandy. 

SAINT  OWEN.  The  Itin.  de  la  Xor- 
maudie  mentions  ten  localities  bearing 
the  name  of  this  saint,  with  different 
sutiixes.     (St.  Onen). 

SAINT  PAUL.  One  William  de  St. 
Paul  attended  William  tlie  Conqueror  in 
the  invasion  of  England,  and  was  rewarded 
Avith  a  wife,  the  daughter  of  Simon,  son 
of  Tliom  (a  refractory  Saxon)  and  part  of 
his  lands  iu  Yorkshire.  See  Thierry's 
Norm.  Conq.  He  probably  came  from  the 
village  of  St.  Paul-sur-Rile,  near  Pont- 
Audemer,  in  Normandy.  In  17G8,  Robert 
Paul,  Esq.,  of  Ewart,  in  Northumberland, 
from  a  supposed  descent  from  the  Norman 
family,  obtained  an  act  of  parliament  em- 
powering him  to  assume  the  word  Saint, 
as  a  prefix  to  his  former  surname.  This  is 
perhaps  a  unic^ue  instance  of  ^;arZi«?«CT/./«?'y 
canoiikatin)!. 

SAINT  PETER.     See  Saint  Pierre. 

SAINT  PHILIBERT.  Four  parishes 
in  Normandy  bear ,  the  name  of  this  Nor- 
man saint,  but  I  am  not  aware  that  it  is 
known  from  which  of  tliem  the  great 
Anglo-Norman  baronial  family  sprang. 

SAINT  POL.     See  St.  Paul. 

SAINT    PIERRE.     SAINT    PETER. 

Most  likely  from  St.  Pierre-sur-Dive,  near 
Lisieux,  tlie  site  of  the  great  Abbey. 
There  are,  however,  some  ten  other  parishes 
and  places  in  Normandy  so  called. 

SAINT  QUINTIN.  St.  Quintin  is  the 
chief-town  of  Lower  Picardy,  from  Avhence 
Sir  Hubert  de  St.  Quintin  is  said  to  liave 
come,  at  the  Norman  invasion.  Domesday, 
however,  mentions  Hugh  de  St.  Quintin, 
as  a  tenant  in  capite  in  the  counties  of 
Dorset  and  Essex.  His  grandson  erected 
the  castle  of  St.  Quintin  in  Wales. 

SAINT  SAVER.     SANZAVER.     Pro 

bably  St.  Severus.  The  southern  suburb  of 
Rouen,  and  otlier  places  in  Normandy,  are 
so  called. 

SAINT  SAVIOUR.  Four  places  called 
St.  Saveur  occur  in  the  Itin.  de  la  Norman- 
die. 

SAINT  VALOR Y.   SAINT  WALERY. 

From  St.  Yalery-sur-Somme  in  Picardy,  or 
St.  Valery-en-Caux,  in  Normandy.  In 
Domesday,  Walter  de  St.  Walerie  appears 
as  a  tenant  in  capite  in  31iddlesex,  and  he 
had  lands  in  Sussex,  while  Eanulf  de  St. 
Walerie  had  several  lordships  in  Lincoln- 
shire. 


SAKER.  SACRE.  The  peregrine 
falcon  ;  also  a  piece  of  ordnance  named 
after  it. 

"  The  ciinnoii,  blunderbuss,  and  saf:er, 
He  was  th'  inventor  of  anil  maker." 

Iliidlhras  I.  ii.  335. 

SALCOCK.  A  diminutive  of  Saul.  See 
termination  cock. 

SALE.  SALES.  A-Sax.  sel,  scle,  &c. 
French,  mile,  a  hall.  "  Between  1332  and 
1348,  the  name  borne  by  the  famous  knight 
commemorated  by  Froissart,  and  who  was 
liilled  by  tlie  insurgents  near  Norwich,  in 
1381,  is  severally  written  De  la  Sale,  De 
Salle,  De  Aula,  De  la  Saule,  De  Halle, 
Saul,  and  Halle."  Notes  and  Queries,  v. 
291.  The  North  Wilts  family  of  Hale  of 
Bradford  also  wrote  themselves  De  Aula 
and  De  la  Sale.  "  Halle,  alias  De  la  Sale, 
dwellitli  iu  a  pretty  stone  house  at  the  east 
end  of  the  town,  on  the  right  bank  of 
Avon:  a  man  of  £100  lands  by  the  year  : 
an  ancient  gentleman  since  tlie  time  of 
Edward  I."     Leland's  Itinerary. 

SALEMAN.  An  attendant  in  a  hall. 
See  Sale,  and  Salmon. 

SALERNE.  Two  places  in  the  arron- 
dissement  of  Bernai,  in  Normandy,  bear 
this  name.  The  sui  name  is  found  in  Sussex 
in  tlie  XIII.  and  XIV.  centuries. 

SALISBURY.  SALUSBURY.  Edward 
de  Sarisberie,  sometimes  called  Edward 
Yicecomes,  was  a  great  tenant  in  chief  in 
"Wiltshire  and  other  counties,  at  the  making 
of  Domesday.  He  was  a  younger  sou  of 
Walter  de  Evreux  (Devereux)— one  of  the 
few  instances,  in  those  early  times,  of  a 
Norman  family  Avith  a  Saxon  name.  See 
Hutchins'  Dorset.  Ellis's  Introd.  Domesd. 
The  baronet's  family  are  descended  from 
Adam  de  Salusbury,  who  is  said  to  have 
been  captain  of  the  castle  of  Denbigh,  at  a 
period  little  subsequent  to  the  Noi-man 
Conquest,  inasmuch  as  his  great-grandson, 
.John  Salusbury  of  Llewenny,  co.  Denbigh, 
died  18.  Edward  I.     Courthope's  Debrett. 

SALKELD.  The  family  so  called,  very 
influential  in  Cumberland  in  tlie  XIV.  cen- 
tury, probably  derived  their  name  from 
either  Great  or  Little  Salkeld,  in  that 
county. 

SALOMON.  This  name,  though  identical 
with  the  designation  of  a  well-known  fish, 
probably  originated  from  another  source. 
The  manor  of  Salmons  in  Caterham,  co. 
Surrey,  is  known  to  liave  belonged  temp. 
Edw.  III.  to  Roger  Saleman.  Brayley's 
Surrey,  iv.  189.  Now  scl,  A-Sax.  and  sa'Ue, 
Fr.  signify  a  hall,  and  micman  would  con- 
sequently be  the  attendant  or  keeper  of  a 
hall.  The  name  under  this  orthography  is 
common  in  the  Hvmdred  Rolls. 

SALMOND.  The  family  settled  at 
Waterfoot,  co.  Cumberland,  are  of  French 
origin,  one  of  tlieir  ancestors  having  fled 
to  this  country  during  the  persecutions  of 
the  Huguenots.     B.L.G. 


SAL 


302 


SAN 


SALOMON.  A  well-kuown  Jewish  sur- 
name, but  not  confined  to  that  race.  A 
conspicuous  personage  of  medieval  romance 
is  so  called.  Its  earliest  mention  in  Eng- 
land is  in  Domesday.  A  Salomonson  oc- 
curs in  the  Lond.  Direct. 

SALOMONS.  A  Jewish  family  long 
connected  with  London.  The  name  is 
clearly  a  modification  of  Solomon. 

SALOMONSON.     See  Salomon. 

SALT.  This  surname  is  very  common 
in  Staffoi'dshire,  in  which  county  there  is  a 
village  so  called.  In  110(5,  it  is  written 
Selte.  Lib.  Nig.  Scacc.  In  the  reign  of 
Henry  III.  Ivo  de  Saut  held  one  knight's 
fee  in  Saut,  of  the  Barony  of  Stafford. 
Subsequently  Hugh  de  Salt  held  Salt  of 
Philip  de  Chetwynd.  From  this  tenure, 
and  from  the  resemblance  of  the  arms,  it 
is  probable  that  Salt  was  a  cadet  of  Chet- 
wynd. In  the  Visitations  of  Staftbrdshire 
there  are  pedigrees  of  this  family,  from 
whom  descend  Thomas  Salt,  Esq.,  jun., 
M.P.  for  Stafford,  and  William  Salt,  Esq., 
F.S.A. 

SALTER.  A  maker  of  salt — a  business 
of  great  importance  in  the  middle  ages, 
when  the  produce  of  the  land  was  almost 
entirely  consumed  on  the  spot,  and  immense 
quantities  of  victuals  of  all  kinds  had  to 
be  salted,  in  order  that  they  might  be  kept 
the  whole  year  round.  Wright's  Vocab. 
p.  9. 

SALTIRE.  One  of  the  '  ordinaries'  of 
heraldry.  More  probably  however  from  the 
Fr.  sauteiir.  a  jumper. 

SALTMARSHE.  1.  See  under  Sau- 
marez.  2.  A  township  in  co.  York,  the 
ancient  possession  of  the  family,  and  still 
their  property  and  residence.  Tlie  first  of 
the  name  mentioned  by  Burke  is  AVllliam 
Saltmarsh,  latinized  De  Salso  Marisco, 
witness  to  a  grant  of  Richard  Strongbow  in 
the  XII.  century ;  and  Sir  Peter  Saltmarsh 
was  one  of  the  knights  of  tlie  shire  for  co. 
York,  17.  Edward  II.     B.L.Q. 

SALTAVELL.  A  'brine  spring;'  a  local 
name,  probably'  in  Cheshire. 

SALUSBURY.     See  Salisbury. 

SALVAGE.  An  older  orthography  of 
Savage,  which  see. 

SALVAINE.     See  Salvin. 

SALVIN.  The  Durluvm  family  are 
descended  from  Sir  Osbert  Silvayne,  of 
Norton  Woodhouse,  in  the  forest  of  Shei'- 
wood,  who  nourished  29.  Henry  III.  Mr. 
Shirley  says,  that  some  of  the  name  (which 
he  supposes  to  be  derived  from  that  silca, 
or  forest),  were  seated  at  Norton  before  the 
year  1140.  Noble  and  Gentle  Men  of  Eng- 
land. This  name  was  latinized  De  Salicosa 
Vena. 

SALWEY.  About  the  reign  of  Henry 
III.,  William  Salwey  Avas  lord  of  Leacroft, 
a  hamlet  in  Staffordshire.  From  him 
descend  the  Shropshire  family. 


SAMAND.  St.  Amado,  according  to 
Camden.     I  should  rather  say  St.  Amand.    ' 

SAMBOURNE.  A  hamlet  in  co.  War- 
wick. 

SAMBROOK.  Probably  local,  and  cor- 
rupted— "the  sandy  brook." 

SAMKIN.     See  Samuel. 

SAMMES.     See  Samuel. 

SAI\IPIERE.  A  corruption  of  St.  Pierre, 
St.  Peter.     Camden. 

SAMPKIN.     See  Samuel. 

SAiMPOL.  A  corruption  of  St.  Pol,  St. 
Paul.     Camden. 

SAi\IPSON.  Not  from  the  Hebrew 
worthy,  but  the  son  of  Sam,  or  Samuel,  the 
P  being  inserted,  as  in  Thompson,  Simp- 
son, Jempson,  &c.,  for  strength  and 
euphony. 

SAMS.     See  Samuel. 

SAMSON.     See  Sampson. 

SAMUEL.  A  surname,  pretty  equally 
shared  by  Jews  and  Christians.  It  has 
given  rise  to  Samuels,  Sams,  Samson, 
Sampson,  Samkin,  Sanqakin,  Sammes,  and 
perhaps  SamwcU — but  this  last  may  be 
local. 

SAMUELS.     See  Samuel. 

SAMWELL.     See  Samuel. 

SANCTUARY.  Several  monasteries  had 
an  ambit  or  surrounding  space,  where 
ci'iminals  might  take  refuge  from  imme- 
diate or  impending  danger,  as  the  Sanc- 
tuary at  "Westminster.  A  person  resident 
in  a  place  so  privileged,  though  no  criminal, 
would  readily  acquire  the  name  of  Thomas, 
or  Jolni,  at  the  Sanctuary. 

t^°  SAND.  A  component  syllable  of 
many  local  surnames,  as  Sandham, 
Sandby,  Sandcroft,  Saudiland.  It  im- 
plies a  sandy  district. 

SANDALL.  Two  parishes  and  a  town- 
ship in  Yorkshire  are  so  called. 

SANDALLS.     See  Snndall. 

SAND  BACH.     A  town  in  Clieshire. 

SANDER.     See  Alexander. 

SANDERCOCK.  A  diminutive  of  San- 
der, Alexander.     See  termination  COCK. 

SANDERS.     SANDERSON.     The  son 

of  Alexander — Sander  being  the  common 
nickname  of  that  appellation. 

SANDFORD.  "A  family  of  acknow- 
ledged antiquity,  whose  ancestor  '  Thomas' 
was  certainly  seated  at  Sandford  [in  the 
parish  of  Prees,  co.  Salop]  soon  after  the 
Conquest,  and  which  has  ever  since  re- 
mained their  principal  seat."  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men.  Parishes  in  Devon, 
Somerset,  Oxford,  &c.,  are  likewise  so 
called. 

SANDHOE.  A  township  in  Northum- 
berla'  d,  and  a  place  in  Yorkshire. 


SAN 


303 


SAT 


SAXDIE.  "The  abbreviation  of  Alex- 
ander. Hence  the  English  seem  to  have 
formed  their  kidicrous  national  designation 
of  Sawney  for  a  Scotsman."    Jamiesou. 

SANDIESON".  See  Alexander,  and 
Sandie. 

SANDIFORD.  An  elegant  suburb  of 
Glasgow. 

SANDILANDS.  The  surname  of  Lord 
Torpichen  is  traced  to  Sir  James  Sandi- 
lands,  who  flourished  in  the  reign  of  King 
David  II.  The  name  is  clearly  local,  but 
I  do  not  find  the  place. 

SANDISON.     See  Sanderson. 

SANDS.  SANDES.  From  residence 
on  a  sandy  tract,  whether  near  the  sea  or 
otherwise. 

SANDY.     A  parish  in  Bedfordshire. 

SANDYS.  An  archaic  spelling  of  Sands, 
and  pronounced  like  that  name.  Although 
the  noble  family,  Barons  Sandys  of  the 
Vine,  did  not  attain  that  rank  until  the 
time  of  Henry  VIII.,  they  were  amongst 
the  most  influential  gentry  of  Hampshire 
in  6.  Pilchard  II. 

SANFORD.     See  Sandford. 

SANGER.  Pure  Anglo-Saxon  for 
'  singer.'  "  Cantor,  san(/ei-e."  Wright's 
Vocab.  p.  72. 

S>'VNG]MAN.  A-Sax.  sang,  a  song,  and 
vian.     A  singer,  or  chorister. 

SANGSTER.  A-Sax.  scmgistre,  a  fe- 
male singer,  the  feminine  of  Sanger. 
"  Cautrix,  sangystre."  Wright's  Vocab. 
For  the  mode  in  which  '  songster  '  became 
applicable    to    the   male    sex,    see  under 

STEIt. 

SANGWINE.  Perhaps  from  disposition, 
but  more  likely  the  name  of  some  saint 
corrupted  to  this  form.  The  Scots  had  a 
St.  Guiuoch,  and  the  Welsh  a  St. 
Gwenog. 

SANKE  Y.  "  The  Sankejs  descend  from 
a  Lancashire  family  of  considerable  anti- 
quity. The  first  upon  record  is  Galfridus 
de  Sankey,  who  held  the  lands  of  Sankey 
Magna  and  Sankey  Parva  in  Lancashire, 
in  the  reign  of  King  John."     B.L.G. 

SANSOM.  St.  Sansone,  sometimes  called 
St.  Sampson,  archbishop  of  Dol,  founded  a 
monastery  near  Rouen  (Pentale  monas- 
terium  in  agro  Piotomagensi)  and  after  hav- 
ing performed  a  miracle,  by  ejecting  a  ser- 
j)eut  from  a  certain  cave,  left  his  name  to 
the  place  (eidem  loco  uomeu  suum  reliquit). 
Slabillon  Annal.  Bened.  adanu.  655  et  831. 
From  that  place  this  family  derived  their 
name.  The  first  who  bore  it  in  England 
was  Ralph  de  St.  Sansone,  brother  to 
Thomas,  Ih-st  Norman  Archbishop  of  York, 
who  with  him  had  been  educated  at  the 
charge  of  Odo,  half-brother  of  the  Con- 
queror. Being  described  by  the  Chroni- 
clers as,  "  de  nobilissima  Normannorum 
prosapia  "  it  has  been  conjectured  that  he 
was  a  scion  of  the  ducal  house.     He  was 


chaplain  to  William,  and  was  created 
Baron  of  Dover,  and,  in  1099,  Bishop  of 
Worcester.  In  Domesday  he  is  styled  De 
S.  Sansone,  and  Sanson  clericus.  His  son 
Thomas  (for  the  canons  relating  to  the 
celibacy  of  the  clergy  were  at  this  period 
very  loosely  observed)  became  Archbishop 
of  York,  and  another  son,  Richard,  was 
Bishop  of  Bayeux.  From  these  ecclesias- 
tics and  their  collateral  relatives  descended 
a  numerous  progeny,  who  varied  the 
orthography  of  the  name  to  Sansonus, 
Sansonius,  Saunsum,  Sansome,  De  S. 
Sampsone,  Samson,  &c.,  &c.,  and  settled  in 
many  counties  of  England,  and  in  Scotland. 
Inf.  John  Sansom,  Esq. 

SANTANDER.  A  corruption  of  St. 
Andi-ew. 

SAPHIN.  Probably  the  same  as 
Salvine. 

SAPSFORD.  A  corruption  of  Saw- 
bridgeworth,  co.  Herts. 

SAPWELL.  A  corruption  of  Sopewell, 
CO.  Hertford,  over  the  convent  of  which 
Dame  Juliana  Bcrners,  the  well-known 
authoress  of  the  Boke  of  St.  Albans,  pre- 
sided. 

SAPYE.  A  parish  in  co.  Hereford: 
another  in  co.  Worcestei-,  now  Sapey. 

SARASIN.  A  Saracen — probably  one 
who  had  embraced  Christianity  during  the 
Crusades,  and  settled  in  Western  Europe. 
It  may  be  mentioned,  that  Saladin  was  an 
English  surname,  temp.  Edward  I.     H.R. 

SARAH.  See  Female  Christian  Names. 
In  H.R.  the  forms  are  Sarra,  Fil'  Sarr, 
&c. 

SARDINIA.  This  name,  doubtless  from 
the  island  so  called,  existed  at  Edinburgh 

in  1825. 

SARE.     See  Sayers. 

SAREL.  SARRELL.  Probably  the 
same  as  Searle. 

SARJEANT.  SARGENT.  O.Fr.  from 
Lat.  Spelmau  says  a  serjeant-at-law  is  so 
called  because  serviensa^.  legem.  We  have 
also  serjeants-at-arms,  serjeants-at-mace, 
&c.  Cotgrave  makes  a  sergent,  "  a  footman 
or  souldier  that  serves  on  foot."  Gibbon, 
on  the  contrary,  applies  the  word  to  "  all 
horsemen  who  were  not  knights."  PJchard- 
son. 

SARL.     The  same  as  Searle. 

SARSFIELD.  The  first  of  the  family  of 
Sarsfield  who  settled  in  Ireland,  is  said  to 
have  been  Thomas  de  S.,  "  chief  banner- 
bearer"  to  King  Henry  IL,  A.D.  1172. 
The  name  is  unquestionably  English,  and 
local. 

SARSON.  Perhaps  the  son  of  Saer. 
See  Saver. 

SATCHELL.  A  small  sack  or  bag. 
Probably  an  ancient  trader's  sign. 


SAV 


304 


SAY 


SATCHER.  A  maker  of  satchels  or 
small  bags.  A.-Norm.  sachel,  Fr.  sachet,  a 
little  bag. 

SATTERLEY.  A  parish  in  Devon- 
shire. 

SATTBRTHWAITE.  A  chapeh-y  in 
Lancashire. 

SAULL.  SAUL.  See  Sale.  An  under- 
tenant, Saul,  is  however  mentioned  in 
Domesday,  and  Saul  is  a  parish  in  co. 
Gloucester. 

SAUMAREZ.  Lord  De  Saumarez  is 
descended  from  a  very  ancient  and  respect- 
able family  iu  the  island  of  Jersey.  The 
original  family  name  was  De  Sausmarez, 
which  continues  to  be  used  by  the  eldest 
lu-anch  of  the  family.  James,  the  first 
peer  (1831)  was  grandson  of  Matthew  de 
Saumarez,  lord  of  the  seignory  of  Saumarez 
in  Guernsey,  in  the  last  century.  The  fiefs 
called  Saumarez,  in  that  island  and  in 
Jersey,  are  on  low  lands  near  the  sea, 
■whence  the  name,  which  signifies  "  salt- 
marsh,"  and  is  latinized  in  charters,  De 
Salso  Marisco. 

SAU^^DER.     See  Alexander. 

SAUNDERS.  L  One  of  the  derivatives 
of  Alexander.  2.  The  family  of  this  name 
in  CO.  Wicklow,  pretend  that  their  ances- 
tor came  into  England  about  the  year 
1270,  and  that  he  sprang  "  from  Robert, 
Lordof  lunspruck,  who  was  second  brother 
of  Eodolph,  Count  of  ITapsburgh,  and  sub- 
sequently Emperor."  The  founder  of  the 
family  in  Ireland  was  a  follower  of  Crom- 
well.    B.L.G. 

SAUNDERSOI^.  See  Alexander.  This 
seems  to  be  one  of  the  instances,  iu  which 
a  cadet  of  a  family,  bearing  a  territorial 
surname,  assumed  a  patronymical  one,  so 
contrary  to  modern  ideas  of  dignity.  The 
Sauudersons  of  co.  Cavan  are  descended 
from  Alexander  de  Bedick  of  Waslington, 
CO.  Durham,  whose  son,  James  de  Bedick, 
used  the  alias  of  Saunderson,  from  his 
father's  Christian  name.  His  descendants 
settled  iu  the  shires  of  Nottingham  and 
Lincoln,  and  it  is  from  the  latter  county 
that  the  Saundcrsons  just  mentioned  derive 
themselves.     See  B.L.G. 

SAUNZ.     From  the  well-known  town  of 

Sens,  eighty-four  miles  S.B.  of  Paris. 

SAVAGE.  Camden  says,  that  this  sur- 
name was  introduced  into  England  by  a 
personage  in  the  train  of  Isabella  of  France, 
queen  of  Edward  II.  There  were,  how- 
ever, earlier  settlements  of  families  so 
named ;  for  a  knight  of  this  designation 
founded  the  Savages  in  Ireland  immediately 
upon  De  Courcy's  invasion,  temp.  Henry 
II.  Le  Sauvage  was  a  sobriquet  of  early 
times,  both  in  Normandy  and  England, 
M'hich  implied,  perhaps,  a  roughness  of 
manners,  like  our  indigenous  AV^ild.  In 
ancient  deeds  the  common  latiuization  is 
Salvagius. 

SAVENIE.     Ralph  de  Savenie,  or   Sa- 
vigni,  occurs  in  the  Domesday   of  Sullblk. 


The   Itin.   de  la  Normandie  shows  three 
l^laces  called  Savigni. 

SAVERY.  SAVORY.  An  early  per- 
sonal name,  latinized  Savaricus.  Safrei, 
Saffrey.  H.R. 

SAVILE.  One  of  the  most  illustrious 
families  of  the  E.  Riding  of  Yorkshire, 
where  thc}'^  are  said  to  have  existed  in  the 
XII.  cent.  In  the  thirteenth  they  were 
certainly  flourishing  in  those  parts.  Some 
writers  have  fancifully  ascribed  to  them  an 
Italian  origin.  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
I\Icn.  The  name  is  probably  Norman,  and 
it  seems  to  be  represented  in  Holinshed's 
list  by  Sent  Vile. 

SAW.     Probably  Shaw. 

SAWARD.  An  ancient  Teutonic  per- 
sonal name.  A-Sax.  scc,  the  sea,  awdwcard, 
a  keeper — the  Giuirdian  of  the  Sea ;  a  fit 
name  for  a  great  naval  commander ;  indeed 
it  was  an  official,  as  well  as  a  personal 
name,  and  was  ajiplied  to  the  high-admiral 
of  Saxon  times.  It  is  latinized  Siwardus. 
The  hanilets  of  Sewardstone,  in  Essex,  and 
Sewardesley,  in  Northami)tonshire,  seem  to 
have  been  so  designated  from  ancient  pro- 
prietors of  this  name. 

SxVWKINS.  Perhaps  a  diminutive  of 
Saul. 

SAWLE.     See  Sale. 

SAWNSEY.  Perhaps  from  Sansei,  near 
Criuil,  in  Normandy.  See  Chron.  Battel 
Abbey,  p.  GO. 

SAWYER.  SAWYERS.  The  occupa- 
tion. 

SAX.  A-Sax.  seax  or  sex,  a  dagger  or 
short  sword. 

SAXBY.  Parishes  In  cos.  Lincoln  and 
Leicester. 

SAXELBY.  Parishes  In  cos.  Lincoln 
and  Leicester. 

SAXON.  This  name  does  not  denote 
an  Anglo-Saxon,  in  contradistinction  to  a 
Norman  origin :  it  was  probably  given  to 
a  settler  from  Saxony  in  more  recent  times. 
Or,  it  may  possibly  be  a  coiTuption  of  sex- 
ton, which  is  so  pronounced  in  the  West  of 
England,  or  of  Saxton,   a  local  name. 

SAXTON.  L  A  sacristan  or  sexton — 
the  lowest  ofiicial  in  a  church.  2.  A 
parish  in  the  West  Riding  of  Yorkshire. 
H.R.  De  Saxton. 

SAY.  The  first  of  this  name  mentioned 
by  Dugdale,  is  Picot  de  Say,  who,  in  the 
time  of  the  Conqueror,  was  one  of  the 
principal  personages  in  Shropshire,  under 
Roger  de  Montgomer}',  Earl  of  Shrews- 
bury. Though  the  pedigree  is  incomplete, 
he  ^vas,  no  doubt,  the  progenitor  of  the 
great  family  of  Say,  which  gaVe  birth  to 
Geoffrey  de  Say,  one  of  the  twenty-five 
barons  of  Magna  Charta,  and  many  other 
eminent  persons.  The  barony  became 
abeyant  in  1382,  and  still  so  remains.  The 
name  aiipears  to  have  been  derived  from 
the  comnnnie  of  Sai,   near  Argentan,  in 


SCA 


305 


SCH 


Normandy.  Among  many  De  Says  in  the 
Hundred  Rolls,  are  a  few  Le  Sa5'S,  indicat- 
ing some  employment,  which  I  am  unable 
to  explain. 

SAYER,  whence  SAYERS.  An  assayer 
of  metals.  Also  an  Anglo-Norman  per- 
sonal name,  as  Saher  de  Quincy,  the 
famous  Earl  of  Winchester.  Sayer  and 
Sayere  in  the  Hund.  Rolls,  without  the 
prefix  le,  seem  to  give  the  latter  derivation 
the  preference.  With  regard  to  the  former, 
Kelham  observes,  that  "  when  Domesday 
■was  compiled,  there  was  always  a  fire  ready 
in  the  Exchequer,  and  if  they  liked  not  the 
allay  of  the  money,  they  burnt  it,  and  then 
■weighed  it."  Hence  the  expression  in 
Domesday,  '  Lib.  LVI  arsas  et  pensatas' 
— o61b.  burnt  and  weighed. — Kelham's 
Domesday,  p.  157.  The  Sayer  would  there- 
fore be  a  crown  officer  who  assayed  the 
precious  metals. 

The  Sayers  of  Esses  were  existing,  ac- 
cording to  B.L.G.,  temp.  Edw.  II. 

SAYLOR.  This  surname  is  very  rare 
indeed.  This  is  not  a  little  singular,  con- 
sidering the  commonness  of  the  employ- 
ment. In  the  Hundred  Rolls  we  have  it  in 
the  forms  of  Le  Sailliur,  Le  Saylliur,  and 
Le  Saler. 

SAYRE.     See  Sayer. 

SCALES.  Ilardwin  de  Scalers  came  in 
with  William  the  Conqueror,  and  was  an- 
cestor of  the  noble  family  of  Eschalers,  or 
Scales,  who  continued  in  the  male  line  till 
oG.  Henry  VI.  Kelham's  Domesday.  The 
name  began  to  be  spelt  De  Scales  about  the 
time  of  Henry  III.  It  was  latinized  De 
Scalariis. 

SCAMBLER.  "  A  bold  intruder  upon 
one's  generosity  or  table.''  Such  is  the 
definition  of  the  word  by  Dr.  Johnson,  who 
considers  it  to  be  Scottish. 

SCAjMMELL.  Scamells  is  an  old  Scot- 
tish word  for  shambles.     Jamieson. 

SCANLAN".     The  Mac  Scanlans  were  a 
sept  of   Louth,    from   whom   the   ancient 
locality    of    Bally-Mac-Scanlan    took   its 
name.  The  surname  was  sometimes  written 
O'Scanlan.     The  first  of  the  family  men- 
tioned by  D'Alton  is  Patrick  O'Scanlan, 
who  was  made  Archbishop  of  Armagh  in 
the  year  12G1. 
SCARBOROUGH.     A  town   in  York- 
shire. 
SCARBOROW.     A  corruption  of  Scar- 
borough. 
SCARBROW.       A  corruption   of  Scar- 
borough. 

SCARDEVILLE.  Old,  or  Norman 
French  possesses  many  words  beginning 
with  Es.  In  the  process  of  modification^, 
■we  generally  drop  the  E  and  retain  the  S, 
while  the  modern  French  drop  the  S  and 
retain  the  E.  Thus,  the  old  word  eatranfjev 
(Lat.  extrancus)  is  on  our  side  of  the 
Channel  '  stranger,'  on  the  other  side 
'  etrauger.'  So  I  suspect  that  this  surname 
2  R 


is  derived  from  Ecardenville,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Eure,  in  Normandy — the  iYhaving 
been  either  dropped  in  the  surname,  or 
added  in  the  local  a])pellation.  But  the 
word  has  undergone  still  greater  changes, 
having  been  anglicized  to  Skarfield,  and 
demonized  to  Scare-devil  1  Eng.  Surn.  ii. 
34. 

SCARISBRICK.  A  township  in  Lanca- 
sliire,  in  early  times  tlie  seat  of  the  family. 
The  heiress  married  Eccleston  of  Eccleston, 
M'ho  assumed  the  surname,  and  the  estate 
of  Scarislirick  is  now  in  his  possession. 
See  Eccleston. 

SCARLETT.  Dr.  Richardson  observes, 
that  scarlet  was  formerly  used  as  an  epithet 
of  red  ;  thus  Chaucer's — "  Hosen  of  scarlet 
rede,"  and  Spenser's — "  Robe  of  scarlet 
red."  The  surname  was  probably  applied 
as  a  sobriquet  to  one  who  affected  this 
colour  for  his  costume.  So  Blue,  Purple, 
&c.  Scarlet  without  prefix,  in  H.R.  A  per- 
sonage of  this  name  was  elected  M.P.  for 
Lincoln  in  1307,  in  the  short  parliament 
•which  sat  for  eighteen  days  at  Carlisle, 
during  the  war  of  King  Edward  I.  with 
the  Scots.  An  ancient  Tuscan  family,  who 
bore  the  name  of  Scarlatti  were  exiled  in 
the  thirteenth  century  by  the  Guelphs,  for 
being  Ghibelliues.  Tlieir  arms  are  different, 
but  it  is  a  rather  curious  fact,  that  the  Eng- 
lish Scarletts  bear  as  their  crest,  a  Tuscan 
column  supported  by  lions'  jambs.  See 
Notes  and  Queries,  March  17,  ISGO. 

SCARiSIAN.  A  scar  is  a  bleak,  exposed 
situation,  or  a  cliff.  The  original  Scarman 
probably  dwelt  in  such  a  locality. 

SCATHLOCK.  A  correspondent  ob- 
serves, that  this  is  a  Sherwood  Forest  name, 
and  that  the  "  Robin  Hood  names  "  still 
linger  in  forest  districts.  Scathelock, 
Scatheloc.     H.R. 

SCATTERGOOD.  l.A  corruption  of 
some  local  name  terminating  in  n-ood  ?  2. 
A  friend  suggests  "  spendthrift."  In  H.R. 
Schatregod."  The  antithetical  surname 
Sparcgood  (in  H.R.  Spargod),  does  not 
seem  to  have  survived. 

SCA  WEN.  "  The  name  Scawen  is  local, 
and  signifies  a  place  where  slunvan  or  elder 
trees  grow,  and  is  derived  from  the 
Japhetical  Greek,  cKoftuii,  sambachus, 
ebulus,  the  elder-tree,  who  suitable  to  his 
name,  gives  for  his  arms,  '  Argent,  a 
scan-en  or  elder-tree,  Vert.' "  Hals,  in  D. 
Gilbert's  Cornwall,  ii.  67. 

SCHARP.     The  same  as  Sharpe. 

SCHNEIDER.     Germ.     A  tailor. 

SCHOLAR.  This  surname  occurs  in 
Encyc.  Herald. 

SCHOMBERG.  Frederick  Schomberg, 
a  descendant  of  a  noble  family  in  Germany, 
accompanied  William  III.  to  England  in 
1688,  and  was  ultimately  created  Duke  of 
Schomberg. 

SCHREIBER.  German.  A  writer  or 
clerk.     The  ancestor  of  the  English  family 


SCO 


306 


SCO 


(Scbreiber  of  Henhurst,  co.  Kent)  was  John 
Charles  Schreiber,  son  of  Carl  Schreiber, 
of  an  ancient  family  of  Durlach  in  Suabia, 
who  settled  in  London  about  the  year  1721. 
B.L.G. 

SCHULZE.  SCHULTZ.  From  Ger- 
many. Germ,  sclmlze,  a  bailiff  in  a  vil- 
lage. 

SCHUSTER.     Germ.     A  shoemaker. 

SCHWARS.  SCHWARTZ.  From 
Germany.     Germ.,  black. 

SCLATER.  1.  The  Sclaters  of  Hoddino- 
ton,  CO.  Hants,  claim  to  haA'e  borrowed 
their  name  from  the  parish  of  Slaughter, 
or  Schlauter  in  Gloucestershire,  "  where 
they  were  lords  of  the  manor  for  upwards 
of  three  hundred  years."  B.L.G.  2. 
Another  form  of  Slater.  The  mmecessary 
C  has  sometimes  of  late  been  resumed. 

SCOBELL.  Accorduig  to  Hals,  this 
name,  in  the  old  Cornish  language,  signi- 
fies the  broom-plant,  and  therefore  takes 
its  place,  etymologically,  with  the  illustrious 
Plantageuet.  The  family,  whose  original 
Tiahitat  was  the  counties  of  Cornwall  and 
Devon,  have  flourished,  for  a  long  series  of 
generations,  in  kniglitly  and  gentle  degree, 
in  that  jiart  of  England,  and  have  written 
their  name  Scobbahull,  Scobhull,  Scobbel, 
Scobhill,  Scoble,  &c.  The  first  of  the 
name  on  record  is  Thomas  de  Scobbahull, 
.sheriff  of  Devonshire,  in  1291.  B.L.G. 
Scovell  is  not,  as  it  might  seem,  a  modi- 
fication of  this  surname. 

SCOBLE.     See  Scobell. 

SCOLE]\IASTER.  Schoolmaster.  A 
John  Scolemaster  is  mentioned  in  the  Tn- 
quisitiones  ad  quod  Damnum,  temp.  Henry 
v.,  and  a  Thomas  Scolm.iyster  in  the 
Eotul.  Orig.  temp.  Edw.  III.,  but  I  have 
not  met  with  the  surname  in  later  times. 

SCOLOIGE  (or  Mac  Scologle).  The 
name  belongs  to  Fermanagh,  Ireland.  It 
is  usually  anglicized  Farmer,  -scolog'  being- 
Irish  for  husbandman,  or  farmer.  Notes 
and  Queries,  v.  501. 

SCOON.     Probably  Scone  in  Perthshire, 

the  ancient  coronation-place  of  the  Scot- 
tish kings,  once  a  city,  now  a  pitiful  vil- 
lage of  18  houses. 

"  So  thanks  to  all  at  once,  and  to  each  one, 
A\niom  we  mvite  to  see  us  ci'own'd  at  Scone." 

ifacheth. 

SCOONES.         A     iDluralized     form    of 

Scoon  ? 

SCORE.  1.  A  corruption  of  sJimccr, 
vt'hich  Halliwell  defines  as  a  jurat,  but 
whose  functions  seem  to  have  been  more 
like  those  of  "commissioners  of  sewers." 
A- Sax.  Sceaweve;  a  beholder,  spectator, 
spy.  BosworUi.  Skawers  are  mentioned 
in  connection  with  Pevensey  ilarsh  in  the 
XV.  century,  and  Dugdale  uses  the  word 
in  his  History  of  Imbanking,  printed  in 
inG2.  2.  A  deep,  narrow,  rugged  indenta- 
tion on  the  side  of  a  hill.  Isl.  shor,  fissura. 
Jamieson. 


SCORER.  A  scout ;  a  scourer.  "  The 
kynge,  beinge  at  Notyngham,  and  or  he 
came  there,  sent  the  scorers  all  abowte  the 
contries  adjoyninge,  to  asjDie  and  serche  yf 
any  gaderynges  were  in  any  place  agaynst 
hym."  Arrival  of  King  Edward  IV., 
quoted  by  Halliwell. 

SCORRER.     The  same  as  Scorer. 

SCOTCHER.  One  who  levies  taxes. 
To  scot,  or,  as  it  is  called  in  some  dialects, 
to  scotch,  is  to  tax  or  amerce. 

SCOTCHMAN.      A  native  of  Scotland. 

SCOTLAND.  Possibly  from  the  country, 
but  more  likely  from  some  trivial  locality 
in  the  South.  There  are  several  small  pro- 
perties called   Scotland,  France,  Wales,  &c. 

SCOTNEY.  A  castle  and  estate  in  East 
Sussex,  which  belonged  to  the  family  in 
the  XIII.  and  XIV.  centuries.  The  first  of 
the  name  on  record  is  Walter  de  Scotney, 
steward  of  the  Earl  of  Gloucester,  temp. 
Henry  III.,  who  was  hanged  on  a  charge 
of  attejnpting  the  life  of  his  master.  His 
descendants  continued  at  Scotney  till  the 
reign  of  Edward  III.  Blaauw's  Barons' 
AVar,  p.  Gl. 

SCOTSON.     The  son  of  a  Scotchman. 

SCOTT.  SCOT.  This  ranks  among  the 
most  prevalent  of  British  surnames,  almost 
sixty  coats  of  arms  being  assigned  to  it, 
while  the  London  Directory  shows  about 
200  traders  in  the  metropolis  so  denomina- 
ted. In  records  of  early  date,  it  is  usually 
written  Le  Scot,  implying  a  native  of  Scot- 
land. Now,  as  the  tendency  of  North 
Britons  to  '  come  south  '  is  proverbial,  we 
do  not  wonder  at  the  commonness  of  the 
name  in  England  ;  but  why  many  families 
who  never  lived  out  of  Scotland  should  be 
called  Scott,  is  not  so  readily  explained. 
The  Duke  of  Buccleuch,  the  head  of  the 
surname  in  that  country,  traces  his  pedigree 
to  Richard  le  Scot,  of  Murdieston,  co. 
Lanark,  one  of  the  Scottish  barons,  who 
swore  fealty  to  our  Edward  I.,  1296.  The 
name  exists  in  records  of  earlier  date,  but 
the  claim  set  up  by  some  zealous  genealo- 
gists for  a  Norman  extraction  has  no  foun- 
dation. M.  de  Gerville  remarks  : — "  It  is 
somewhat  curious  tliat  this  Duke  [of  Buc- 
cleuch] seclvs  for  his  name  in  Normaud)^, 
and  pretends  that  the  original  appellation 
was  VEscott!"  Mem.  Soc.  Ant.  Normandie, 
1S25. 

The  baronet's  family  (Scott  of  Ancrum, 
and  Scott  of  Duniuald)  claim  to  be  des- 
cended from  the  renowned  wizard,  Michael 
Scott,  who  flourished  in  the  XII.  centur)', 
and  assert  that  the  Buccleuch  Scotts  are 
from  a  younger  branch  of  their  house. 

SCOTTS.     A  Scotchman. 

SCOVELL.  From  Escoville  noAv  Ecoville, 
in  the  arroudissement  of  Caen,  in  Nor- 
mandy.    H.R.  De  Scoville,  De  Scovile. 

SCOW.  Danish  shoi\  A-Sax.  scaga.  A 
coppice  or  shaw. 

SCO  WEN.     See  Scawen. 


sen 


307 


SEA 


SCRAGGS.     See  Scroggs. 

SCRASE.  This  Sussex  family  claim  to 
have  settled  iu  the  county  from  Denmark 
before  the  Normau  Conquest,  tliough 
there  is  no  record  of  them  earlier  than  the 
XIII.  century.  The  name  has  been  conjcc- 
turally  derived  from  the  great  Norman  ap- 
pellative of  Scures  or  D'Escures.  Sussex 
Arch.  Coll.  viii.  2. 

SCRIYEN.  I .  O.  Fr.  escrivain,  a  writer, 
scribe.  2.  A  township  in  the  parish  of 
Kuaresborough,  co.  York. 

SCRIVENER.     SCRIVENOR.    O.  Fr. 

escrivahi,  one  who  draws  up  and  engrosses 
writings.  The  London  Company  of  Scri- 
veners was  incorporated  temp.  James  I. 

SCRIVENS.     See  Scriven. 

SCROGGS.  A  village  in  Dumfries- 
shire. 

SCROGIE.     A  village  in  Perthshire. 

SCROPE.  SCROOP.  "  One  of  king 
Edward  the  Confessor's  foreign  attendants 
named  Richard,  to  whom  the  Anglo-Saxons 
gave  the  derisory  name  of  Scveope,  or  '  the 
Scrub,'  either  on  account  of  some  inferior 
office  which  he  held  iu  the  royal  household, 
or  perhaps  as  a  merely  satirical  appellation, 
and  who  was  one  of  the  few  Normans  per- 
mitted to  remain  at  court  after  the  rest  of 
the  foreign  favourites  had  been  driven 
away,  was  enriched  by  his  royal  master 
with  considerable  possessions  in  this  i3art 
of  the  border  [near.  Ludlow]  ;  and,  intro- 
ducing there  the  fashion  of  his  own  country- 
men, he  built  a  strong  castle  between  Lud- 
low and  l.eominster,  which  has  preserved 
its  founder's  name  in  that  of  Richard's 
Castle.  The  name  by  which  the  builder 
was  known  became  afterwards  softened 
into  that  of  Scroop."  Wright's  Ludlow,  p. 
23.  The  elder  branch  of  the  family  after- 
wards became  eminent  in  Yorkshire.  The 
Scropes  of  Castle-Comb  (co.  Wilts,)  have 
been  thei'e  ever  since  the  time  of  King 
Eichard  the  Second.  "  The  Lord  Chan- 
cellor Scrope  gave  this  maunour  to  his 
third  son  ;  they  have  continued  there  ever 
since,  and  enjoy  the  old  land,  (about  800  li. 
per  annum) ;  and  the  estate  is  neither 
augmented  nor  diminished  all  this  time, 
neither  doth  the  family  spread."  Aubrey's 
Nat.  Hist.  Wiltshire,  p.  119. 

SCRUB  Y.     Scrooby,  a  parish  in  Notting- 
hamshire. 

SCRUTON.     A  parish  in  the  North  Rid- 
ing of  Yorkshire. 

SCRUTTON.     See  Scruton. 

SCRYMGEOUR.  SCRIMGEOUR. 

"  Alexander  I.,  by  special  grant,  appointed 
a  member  of  the  Carron  family,  to  whom 
he  gave  the  name  of  Scrimgeour,  for  his 
valour  in  a  sharp  light,  to  the  office  of  here- 
ditary standard-bearer "  of  Scotland. 
Crawford's  Scot.  Peerage.  Lord  Berners 
employs  the  expression  '  sore  sci'ymmishe  ' 
to  designate  a  severe  combat.  The  Hun- 
dred  Rolls  mention  one  William  Eschir- 


misur,  who  held  li  virgate  of  land  in  Bed- 
fordshire, temp.  Edw.  I.  Scrymgeour,  '  a 
skirmisher.'  Talbot,  Eng.  Etymol.  Any 
rough  encounter  is  termed  by  Cockneys, '  a 
scrimmage.' 

SCUDAMORE.  Sir  Alan  Scudamore  is 
said  to  have  been  a  person  of  importance 
iu  Monmouthshire,  in  the  reign  of  William 
Rufus,  and  Walter  de  Scudamore  was  lord 
of  Upton,  CO.  Wilts,  in  the  reign  of  Stephen. 
The  name  is  unquestionably  Norman,  and 
is  said  to  be  derived  from  the  0.  Fr.  escu 
(Vamour,  '  the  shield  of  love,'  in  allusion 
probably  to  some  incident.  The  family 
motto  sanctions  tliis  etymology,  being 
"  Scuto  Amoris  Diviui" — Defended  by  the 
Shield  of  Divine  Love. 

SCURR.      Jamieson    has — I.    "  A    low 

blackguard."  Gall.  Encycl,  from  Latin 
scurra  ;  and  2.  Shirr,  a  small  spot  of  fish- 
ing ground. 

SCUTT.  I  have  met  with  this  name  only 
in  the  town  and  neighbourhood  of  Brighton. 
It  is  a  probable  corruption  of  Scott.  A 
Lancashire  correspondent,  however,  re- 
minds me  that  scut  is  a  provincialism  of 
extensive  use  for  the  tail  of  ahare  or  rabbit; 
sometimes  the  hare  itself  is  so  called. 
Halliwell.  A  poacher  near  Preston  went 
b}'  that  name,  because  he  ordinarily  wore 
a  hare's  tail,  for  bravado,  in  his  hat.  Such 
sobriquets  have  often  superseded  other 
names,  and  become  hereditary  surnames. 
H.R.  Scut. 

SEA.  From  residence  near  the  ocean. 
Atte  Sea,  as  a  family  name,  is  very  com- 
mon in  medieval  records. 

SEABORN.  Not  '  born  at  sea  '—but 
from  some  locality  called  Seabourne. 

SEABRIGHT.     See  Sebright. 

SEABROOK.  I  find  no  locality  so  called. 
It  may,  possibly,  be  a  corruption  of  Se- 
bright. 

SEACOCK.     A-Sax.  sae-cocc,  a  sea  gull. 

SEACOMBE.     A  township  in  Cheshire. 

SEAGRAVE.  SEGRAVE.  A  parish 
in  Leicestershire.  The  baronial  De 
Segraves  had  possession  of  the  lordship  12. 
Henry  II.     Baronage. 

SEALE.  SEAL.  A  parish  iu  Kent, 
another  in  Surrey,  a  third  in  Sussex 
(Beeding),  and  a  fourth  in  co.  Leicester. 
Many  other  places  were  anciently  so  desig- 
nated, from  A- Sax.  sel,  a  seat,  hall,  manor- 
house,  mansion. 

SEALEY.     See  Seeley. 

SEAMAN.  In  Sussex  and  Kent,  and 
probably  in  other  counties,  this  name  has 
been  corrupted  into  Simmons.  See  Sim- 
mons. In  the  Domesday  of  Surrey  there 
is  a  Seman,  who  held  lands  before  the 
making  of  that  record.  A-Sax.  Sae-mann, 
a  sailor. 

SEAjNIARK.  Probably  from  some  emi- 
nence, or  '  mark  '  usefid  to  mariners. 


SEG 


308 


SEM 


SEAMER.  1.  A-Sax.  seamere,  a  tailor. 
2.  Parishes  in  Torksliire. 

SEAR.     See  Sears. 

SEARBY.     A  Lincolnshire  parish, 

SEARE.     SEARES.     See  Sears. 

SEARLE.  SEARLES.  Probably  from 
Serlo,  a  Norman  personal  name,  the  com- 
mon origin  of  Sari,  Sard,  Sarrell,  Serrell, 
&c. 

SEARS.  1.  See  Sayer.  2.  Serez,  a. 
place  in  the  arrondissement  of  Evreux,  in 
Normandy.  3.  "  The  name — which  has 
been  written  Sare,  Sayer,  Sayers — first  oc- 
curs in  the  reign  of  Edmund  Ironside, 
A.D.,  1016,  and,  a  few  centuries  after,  the 
family  are  found  possessed  of  landed  es- 
tates in  the  county  of  Essex,  some  of  which 
remained  in  the  name  as  late  as  the  year 
1770."     Disou. 

SE  ARSON.     The  son  of  Saher  or  Syer. 

SEATON.  See  Seton.  Also  parishes, 
&c.,  in  COS.  Devon,  Rutland,  York,  Durham, 
Northumberland,  Cumberland,  &c. 

SEAWARD.     See  Saward. 

SEBEL.     See  Sibbald. 

SEBRIGHT.  William  Sebright,  of  Se- 
bright, in  Much  Baddow,  co.  Essex,  living 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  II.,  was  the  ancestor 
of  this  ancient  family,  who  removed  into 
Worcestershire  at  a  very  early  period. 
Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

SECKER.     Qu.  the  same  as  Segar  ? 

SECKINGTON.  A  parish  in  Warwick- 
shire. 

SECRETAN.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Sacristan.     See  Saxton. 

SEDGER.       Perhaps    a   corruption    of 

Satcher. 

SEDG^^T:CK.  An  ancient  castle  and 
manor  near  Horsham,  co.  Sussex. 

SEE.     An  old  spelling  of  Sea,  q.  v. 

SEEAR.  Probably  the  same  as  Segar,  by 
elision  of  the  Gr. 

SEELEY.  SEELY.  This  word,  in  the 
forms  of  scl]/  and  sill//,  occurs  in  0.  Eng- 
lish writers  from  Chaucer  to  Jlilton,  in  the 
sense  of  harmless  or  simple.  Tlie  word 
silhj,  the  etymology  of  which  has  been 
debated,  is  niucli  perverted  from  its 
original  meaning,  and  the  word  '  simple'  is 
now  undergoing  a  similar  degradation.  2. 
Ferguson  derives  it  from  A- Sax.  sc'l,  pros- 
perous. 

SEFFERT.  A  corruption  of  the  A-Sax. 
personal  name  Sigefrid. 

SEFOWL.  A  marine  bird,  sea-fowl. 
Sefoul.  *;R. 

SEGAR.  SEAGER.  A-Sax.  sigora,  a 
Conqueror,  si/70?',  victorious ;  an  ancient  per- 
sonal name,  written  in  Domesday  Segar, 
Sigar,  and  Sigarus.  2.  A  northern  pro- 
vincialism for  sawyer,  from  A-Sax.  saga,  a 


saw.     3.  In  Poitou,  an  eminent  local  sur- 
name— De  Segur. 

SEGRAVE.  A  parish  in  Leicestershire. 
The  baronial  family  derived  their  descent 
from  Gilbert  de  Segrave,  who  was  lord  of 
that  place  12.  Henry  II.  The  Irish  branch 
were  settled  in  Ireland  from  temp.  Edward 
XL,  their  chief  seat  being  at  Killeglan,  co. 
Meath. 

SEKESTRIE.  Jorden  de  la  S.  (Sextry, 
Sacristy.)  Lewes  Priory  Records,  XIII. 
cent. 

SELBY.  A  town  in  Yorkshire,  and  a 
township  in  Northumberland.  Riddleston, 
in  the  latter  county,  was  granted  in  1272,  by 
King  Edward  I.,  to  Sir  Walter  de  Selby, 
and  it  has  ever  since  remained  in  the  posses- 
sion of  his  descendants,  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men, 

SELDEK  See  Den.  John  Selden  was 
a  native  of  Sussex,  and  it  appears  probable 
that  his  surname  was  originally  borrowed 
from  one  of  the  many  dens  of  Kent  or  E. 
Sussex. 

SELDON.     See  Selden. 

SELF.  SELFE.  "The  name  of  Sewlf 
(sea-wolf)  occurs  in  a  charter  of  Canute, 
and  it  is,  probablj',  the  same  as  the  Saulf  in 
the  Domesday  of  Derbyshire,  where  it  is 
in  the  Scandinavian  form."     Ferguson. 

SELKIRK,  The  county-town  of  Selkirk- 
shire. 

SELLEN",  SELLENS.  I  can  prove  by 
tlie  evidence  of  parish  registers,  &c.,  in 
Sussex,  that  this  is  a  corruption  of  the 
ancient  surname  of  Selwyn. 

SELLER.      SELLERS.      A    trader   or 

salesman. 

SELLINGBR.     See  St.  Leger. 
SELLY.     See  Seeley. 
SELMAN,     See  Saleman, 

SELMES.     Perhaps    a    modification   of 

Anselmus. 

SELVES.     The  son  of  Self,  which  see. 

SELWARD.  A-Sax.  sel,  a  hall,  and 
meard,  keeper.  The  keeper  of  a  hall.  Bos- 
worth. 

SEL^YIN.  SELWYN.  An  A-Sax.  per- 
sonal name  of  uncertain  etymology. 

SEjMPILL.  The  first  recorded  ancestor 
of  the  noble  family  is  Robert  de  Sempil, 
steward  or  chamberlain  of  Renfrew,  in  the 
reign  of  King  Alexander  III.,  whose  descen- 
dant, Thomas  Sempil,  held  the  same  office 
in  1483,  and  was  killed  at  Bannockburn,  as 
was  his  son  John,  the  first  lord  Sempil,  at 
Flodden.     Courthope's  Debrett. 

SEMPLE.  Camden  says,  a  corruption  of 
St.  Paul,  nice  Sinclair  from  St.  Clare  ;  but 
the  Scottish  noble  family  of  the  name  seem 
to  have  a  different  origin.  The  early  char- 
ters of  the  family  are  granted  thus  : 
"  Thomas  dicto  Sympil,"  "  Roberto  dicto 
Sympil,"    &c.       In    0.    Scottish   sijm;pil, 


SET 


309 


SEX 


sempill,  semple,  means  low-born,  mean. 
"  Gentle  or  Semple  "  means,  proverbially, 
whether  high-born  or  low. 

SENCHELL.  A  corruption  of  Senes- 
chal. 

SEND  ALL.     The  same  as  Sandall. 

SENEGAL.     Seneschal,  a  steward. 

SENESCHALL.  A  steward.  SeeSen- 
sicle  and  Snashall. 

SENHOUSE.  This  family  derived  their 
surname  from  Sevenhouse  or  Senhouse,  in 
Cumberland,  parish  of  Cross-Canouby,  and 
a  pedigree  in  Hutchinson's  Cumberland,  ii. 
268,  traces  them  to  Walter  de  Sevenhouse, 
temp.  Edward  III.  "They  were  a  constant 
family  of  gamesters,"  says  a  writer  quoted 
in  that  work,  "  and  the  country  people 
were  wont  to  say,  the  Senhouses  learn  to 
play  at  cards  in  their  mother's  womb." 

SENIOR.  I.  An  estate  in  co.  Derby.  2. 
Seigneur,  Fr.  a  feudal  lord. 

SENLOE.     A  corruption  of  Saint  Lo. 

SENNOCK.  A  contraction  of  Seven- 
oaks. 

SENSICLE.  The  northern  corruption  of 
seneschal,  steward,  as  Snashall  is  the 
southern.  The  illiterate  corrupt  it  still 
further  to  Sensikoll. 

SEPT  VANS.  In  Eng.  Surn.  i.  195, 1  ven- 
tured a  conjecture  that  the  great  Kentish 
family  of  Septvans  borrowed  their  name 
from  their  armorial  bearings,  which  were 
three  (perhaj^s  ovlgm&Wj '■  seven)  fans,''  or 
wicker  winnowing  baskets.  It  is,  however, 
far  likelier  to  be  derived  from  a  place  in 
the  arrondissement  of  Bayeux,  called  Sejjt 
Vents. 

SERCOMBE.     See  Combe. 

SERGIAUX.  This  name  was  anciently 
written  De  Seriseaux  or  Ceresaux.  The 
abbreviation  seems  to  have  taken  place  in 
the  XIV.  century.  D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall, 
ii.  3!W. 

SERGISON.  Berry's  Encycl.  Hei-ald. 
gives  the  name  Sarjeantson  (Sergeantson) 
and  this  maj'  be  the  origin  of  Sergison. 

SERJEANT.     See  Sarjeant. 

SERJEAUX.     See  Sergiaux. 

SERLE.     See  Searle. 

SERRELL.     See  Searle. 

SERVANT.  Does  not  necessarily  imply  a 
menial  attendant,  for  Domesday  shews  us 
several  tenants-iu-cliief  who  are  styled 
'  Servientes  Regis.'  In  the  0.  Test,  we  find 
an  intluential  person,  the  opponent  of 
Nehemiah,  styled  Tobiah  'the  Servant,' 
and  in  the  same  way,  during  the  middle 
ages,  men  of  large  landed  estates  are  fre- 
quently styled  "  servants  "  of  particular 
noblemen.     H.R.  Servieus. 

SESSIONS  A  possible  corruption  of 
Soissons,  the  Fr.  town. 

SETON.  From  a  curious  M.S.  genealogy 


of  this  family.  Sir  B.  Burke  extracts  tho 
following  passage : — "  There  were  few  sur- 
names in  Scotland  before  the  time  of  King 
Malcolm  Canmore,  except  that,  after  the 
manner  yet  used  in  the  Highlands,  they 
used  their  father's  name  subjoined  to  their 
own  in  the  form  of  a  patronymic.  The 
said  King  Malcolm  gave  to  his  nobles  and 
gentlemen  particular  surnames ;  some  by 
reason  of  their  offices,  and  some  after  the 
names  of  the  lands  which  they  possessed, 
and  some  for  other  causes.  Amongst  whom 
the  predecessor  of  this  family  got  the  nanie 
of  Seton,  as  the  chronicles  testifj',  by  occa- 
sion of  the  possession  of  the  lands  of  that 
name,  which  was  given  to  the  lands  by 
reason  that  the  tomi  thereof  is  situate  hard 
upon  the  sea." 

Seaton  or  Seton  is  in  Haddingtonshire. 
The  first  recorded  bearer  of  the  name  is 
Dougal  de  Seton,  who  lived  in  the  reign  of 
King  Alexander  I. 

SETTER.     Probably  some  handicraft. 

SETTLE.  A  market  town  in  the  parish 
of  Giggleswick,  co.  York.  The  family, 
though  now  chiefly  resident  in  more 
southern  counties,  have  within  the  present 
century  held  lands  at  Settle,  where  they 
are  known  to  have  been  settled,  temp. 
Henry  VII.,  and  probably  much  earlier. 

SEVEN OKE.  Sevenoaks,  co.  Kent,  was 
anciently  so  written. 

SEVERNE.  From  the  Western  river  so 
called.     De  Sabrina.    H.R.  co.  Salop. 

SEWARD.     SeeSaward. 

SEWEL.  SEWELL.  Sewallis  is  a 
very  ancient  personal  name,  particularly 
in  the  family  of  Shirley,  Earl  Ferrers.  A 
Sewallis,  who  certainly  possessed  Lower 
Eatington,  co.  AVarwick,  before  the  Con- 
quest, is  said  to  have  been  a  "  noble  Saxon, 
issuing  from  the  royal  dukes  of  Saxony," 
(Stemmata  Shirleiana,  p.  5)  ;  but  this  is  un- 
supported by  any  evidence.  The  name 
latinized  Sewallis  was  doubtless  Sewall  or 
Sawald,  a  not  uncommon  baptismal  appel- 
lation in  Saxon  times,  and  not  improbably 
identical  with  the  Ceadwal  or  Cedwalla  of 
the  days  of  the  Heptarchy.  Sewall  is  the 
spelling  still  retained  in  America,  but  in 
England  Sewell  (often  modified  to  Shewell) 
is  the  prevailing  form.  It  must  not  be  for- 
gotten, however,  that  in  some  instances  the 
name  may  be  local.  Four  places  called 
Sewelle  occur  in  Domesday ;  and  a  John  de 
Sewell  was  a  follower  of  the  Black  Prince 
into  Aquitaine.     Eymer's  Feed.,  c.  136G.    ^ 

SEWER.  Anciently  a  great  ofBcor  in 
royal  and  noble  houses,  whose  duty  was  to 
set  and  remove  dishes,  to  taste  them,  and 
to  have  the  general  management  of  the 
table.  In  Nornran  times,  the  office  of 
King's  sewer  was  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant of  the  court.  Le  Sywr  is  the 
curious  orthography  of  the  H.R. 

SEX.     A-Sax.  seax,  a  dagger.  Ferguson. 

SEXTON.     See  Saxton. 

SEXTY.     A  corruption  of  sacristy. 


SHA 


310 


SHA 


SEYMOUR.  A  corruption  of  St  Maur, 
which  see.  Many  of  the  families  who  write 
themselves  Seymour,  have  prohably  little 
claim  to  a  Norman  origin.  Some  may 
derive  from  Semer,  a  parish  in  Suffolk, 
and  others  from  the  A-Sax.  seamere,  a 
tailor.  Semar  is  also  an  ancient  personal 
name.     Camden. 

The  great  historical  family  derive  from 
Roger  de  Sancto  Mauro,  or  Seymour,  who 
lived  in  the  reign  of  Henry  I.  The  ancient 
seats  of  the  family  were  Woundy,  Penhow, 
and  Seymour  Castle,  all  in  Monmouth- 
shire, but  at  a  later  period  Wiltshire  became 
their  chief  Itahitat. 

SHAA.     A  local  pronunciation  of  Shaw. 

SHADBOLT.  Ferguson  derives  this 
name  from  Northern  roots,  signifying  bold 
in  war.  I  think  the  last  syllable  is  more 
likely  to  be  a  corruption  of  the  local  hold., 
a  dwelling. 

SHADRAKE.  A  corruption  of  the 
Scripture  name,  Shadrach. 

SHADWELL.  A  parish  in  Middlesex, 
and  a  township  in  Yorkshire.  The  Sussex 
Shadwells  probably  derive  from  the  manor 
of  Shadwell,  in  the  parish  of  Buxted,  in 
that  county,  which  had  owners  of  its  own 
name  temjj.  Hen.  VI. 

SHAFTAX.     A  corruption  of  Shafto. 

"Toung  Henry  Shaftan  he  is  Iiurt, 
A  souldier  shot  hnn  Avith  a  how." 

Raid  of  the  Reidsioire. 

SHAFTO.  Two  townships  in  the  parish 
of  Hartburu,  co.  Northumberland,  are  so 
called,  and  the  family  resided  at  the  place 
named  Shafto  Crag.  They  are  a  known 
cadet  of  the  ancient  Norman  house  of 
Foliot,  being  descended  from  John  Foliot, 
lord  of  Fenwick,  22.  Henry  II.  Cuthbert 
Foliot  married  the  heiress  of  Roger  Wel- 
wick,  lord  of  Shafto,  and  his  son,  in  10. 
Edward  I.  assumed  the  territorial  name. 
The  Shaftos  formed  a  sort  of  Border  clan, 
and  their  gathering  cry  was  A  Shafto  !  A 
Shafto I 

SHAFTOE.     See  Shafto. 

SHAILER.  To  shall  Is  to  walk 
crookedly.       "  I    shayle     with    the    fete, 

jentretaille  cles xJ'icdz.'''  Palsgrave.  Hence  a 
Shailer  is  a  man  of  awkward  gait. 

SHAIRP.     A  variation  of  Sharpe. 

SHAKE  LADY.  Known  in  Lancashire 
as  a  corruption  of  the  ancient  local  surname 
Shackerley.      The    vulgar  corrupt  it   still 

,  further  by  the  abbreviation  Shack. 

SHAKESHAFT.  Belongs  apparently  to 
the  same  class  as  Shakspeare,  Wagstaffe, 
&c. 

SHAKESTAFF  Analogous  to  Shak- 
speare, Shakeshaft,  &c.,  in  allusion  to  some 
featof  courage  displayed  by  the  original 
bearer. 

SHAKSPEARE.  Nomen  clarum  et 
venerabile  1  Much  has  been  said  and 
written  about  the  true  orthography  of  it. 
But  since  we  find  it  spelt  in  documents  of 


equal  authority  Chacksper,  Shakespeyre, 
Schakespeire,  Schakspere,  Shakespere, 
Shakspere,  Sliakespeare,  and  Shaxper,  it  is 
hardly  worth  while  to  extend  or  re-open 
the  discussion.  Other  names  of  compara- 
tive insignificance  have  been  much  more 
varied  in  tlicir  component  letters.  Con- 
cerning its  etymology  there  can  be  no  doubt. 
"  The  custome  first  TraWtii',  to  vihvate  the 
speare  before  they  used  it,  to  try  the  strength 
of  it,  was  so  constantly  kept,  that 
'£yX£(77ra\oc,  a  Shake-speare,  came  at  length 
to  be  an  ordinary  word,  both  in  Homer  and 
other  jjoets,  to  signifie  a  soldier."  Francis 
Rous,  Archffiologia  Attica,  1637.  The 
Bard's  contemporaries  evidently  under- 
stood the  name  in  this  sense.  Thus 
Spenser : — 

"  ^\^lose  muse,  full  of  high  thoughts'  invention, 
Doth  like  himself  heroically  sound." 

And  Ben  Johnson  : — 

"  He  seems  to  shake  a  lance, 
As  brandished  at  the  eyes  of  ignorance." 

Our  family  nomenclature  presents  us  with 
several  analogies,  as  'Rvetiksjieare,  Win- 
speav,  (SArt7.;£;shaft,  iS'Z!aZ^(?launce,  Hackstaff, 
Briselance,  and  Bruselance,  Wagstaffe, 
Bickerstaffe,  Hurlbat,  Draweswerde  (Draw- 
sword),  and  Cutlemace  ('  Cut  the  club  or 
mace '),  Hackblock,  &c. 

The  name  Shakspeare  is  still  compara- 
tively common  in  South  Staffordshire. 

SHALLOW.  A  fordable  place  In  a 
river.  The  name  ranks  therefore  with 
Ford,  and  has  no  connection  with  what 
was  in  Shakspeare's  mind  when  he  intro- 
duced the  well-known  Justice  that  bore 
"  the  dozen  white  louses "  in  his  "  old 
coat." 

SHAND.  Said  to  be  a  corruption  of  De 
Champ  or  Deschamps.  In  Scotland  it  was 
ancientl)-  written  Schand,  and  latinized 
Schanda?us.  It  is  of  course  of  French 
origin,  though  of  earlier  importation  than 
the  Rev.  of  the  Ed.  of  Nantes,  1G85,  as 
asserted  in  Notes  &  Qu.,  2ud  Series  No.  lOG. 
Philibert  de  Shaunde  was  created  Earl  of 
Bath  in  1185 ;  but  nothing  is  known  of  him 
except  tliat  he  was  a  native  of  Brittany. 
Ext.  Peerage.  The  name  is  common  in  the 
shires  of  Aberdeen  and  Banff.  Inf.  C.  F. 
Shand,  Esq. 

SHANDOS.     See  Chandos. 

SHANE.  Said  to  be  a  corruption  of  the 
Fr.  Duchesne,  equivalent  to  Cakes,  Noakes, 
&c. 

SHANK.  Shanli,  in  Scotland,  is  a  topo- 
graphical word,  meaning  the  projecting 
point  of  a  hill.  Tiie  family  existed  in 
early  times  in  Slid- Lothian,  the  founder 
being  Mui'doch  Schank,  who  is  said  to 
have  discovered,  and  taken  charge  of,  the 
body  of  Alexander  III.,  King  of  Scotland, 
who  met  his  death  while  hunting  in  1286. 
For  this  service,  Robert  Bruce  presented 
him  Avith  the  lands  of  Castlerigg.     B.L.G. 

SHANNON.  Probably  not  fi-ora  the 
great  Irish  river,  though  I  cannot  substi- 
tute any  better  origin. 


SHE 


311 


SHE 


SHAPCOTT.  Sheep-cote.  The  name 
of  an  estate,  the  locality  of  wjiich  I  do  uot 
know. 

SHARD.  An  opening  in  a  wood.  York- 
shire.   Halliw. 

SHARLAND,  Shirland,  a  parish  in  co. 
Derby. 

SHARMAN.     See  Sherman. 

SHAROOD.     See  Sherwood. 

SHARPE.  SHARP.  From  natural 
disposition — a  keen,  active,  acute  person. 
H.R.  Scharp. 

SHARPLES.  A  township  in  Bolton,  co. 
Lancaster,   corrupted  to  Sharpless. 

SHARRATT.  See  Sherwood,  and 
Sherard. 

SHARWOOD.     See  Sherwood. 

B^°  SHAW.  Very  common  ijer  sc,  and 
also  as  a  termination.  It  means  a  small 
wood,  from  A-Sax.  scua,  a  shade,  a 
place  shadowed  or  sheltered  by  trees. 

"  In  sonier  wlien  the  shawes  be  sliejiie, 
And  leves  be  large  and  long ; 
It  is  full  mcry  in  feyre  foreste, 
To  here  the  foulys  song." 

M.S.  quoted  by  HaUmell. 

Several  parishes  and  places  bear  this 
appellation,  and  to  it  we  owe  a  consider- 
able number  of  local  surnames ;  e.g., 
Abershaw,  Bagshaw,  Cockshaw,  Heu- 
shaw,  Bradshaw,  Langshaw,  Eldershaw, 
Renshaw,  &c. 

SHAVE  ALL.  A  barber-ous  corruption 
of  some  local  name  terminating  in  kall. 

SHAYLER.     See  Shailer. 

SHAYLOR.     See  Sliailer. 

SHEA.     See  O'Shee. 

SHEAREPi,  In  Scotland,  a  reaper  ;  in 
England,  one  wlio  shears  sheep. 

SHEARGOLD.  Shere,  or  pure,  gold. 
See  remarks  under  Gold. 

SHEARMAN.     See  Sherman. 

SHEARS.     A  mis-spelt   pluralization  of 

Shire. 

SHEARSMITH.     See  under  Smith. 

SHEATH.  A  fountain  of  salt  water. 
Halliwell. 

SHEATHER.  A  maker  of  sheaths  or 
scabbards. 

SHEBBEARE.     A  parish  in  Devonshire. 

SHEE.     SeeOShee. 

SHEEHAN.  The  O'Sheehans  were  a 
sept  in  the  counties  of  Cork  and  Limerick. 
D'Alton. 

SHEEHY.  Probably  the  same  as  Shee- 
han. 

SHEEL.     SeeShiell. 

SHEEN E.  SHEEN.  1.  The  original 
name  of  Riclimond,  co.  Surrey.  2.  A-Sax. 
scinaii  to   shine,   whence   0.   Eng.   sJwne, 


bright,   shining — a    word   frequently   em- 
ployed by  our  old  poets. 

SHEEPE  Y.  Sheppey,  an  insulated  divi- 
sion of  Kent. 

SHEEPSHANKS.  Probably  a  sobriquet, 
alluding  to  badly-formed  legs  The  late 
Whittle  Sheepshanks,  Esq.,  was  an  emi- 
nent farmer  ;  and  it  is  related  of  him,  that 
having  once  made  a  purcliase  at  a  northern 
fixir,  the  seller  asked  him  for  a  i-eference  for 
payment,  and  Mr.  S.  replied  :  "  Why  don't 
you  know  me  1  I  thought  everybody  here- 
abouts knew  Whittle  Sheepshanks."  Upon 
which  the  other,  fearing  a  hoax,  rejoined  : 
"  Hoot,  mon,  wha  ever  heard  o'  a  sheep- 
shanli,  wi'  a  ovhittU  (pocket-knife)  to't?" — 
and  actually  declined  the  transaction.  The 
worthy  gentleman  soon  afterwards  took  the 
name  of  Yorke  by  royal  sign-manual, 
and 

"  Thus  was  tlie  \vinter  of  his  discontent," 
(If  he  had  any  on  the  subject) — 

"  JIade  glorious  summer  by  the  name  of  Yorlce!" 

SHEERjNIAN.     See  Sherman. 

SHEFFIELD.  X  town  in  Yorkshire. 
The  Slieftields.  extinct  Dukes  of  Bucking- 
ham, attained  importance  as  eai'ly  as  the 
reign  of  Henry  III.  The  first  recorded  an- 
cestor is  Sir  Robert  de  Sheffield. 

SHEIL.     See  Sheill. 

SHEILL.  The  O'Sheills  were  an  ancient 
clan  in  the  county  of  Antrim.     D'Alton. 

SHELDON.  A  parish  in  Warwickshire, 
in  ancient  times  the  seat  of  the  family. 

SHELDRAKE.  SHELDRICK.  A  sea- 
fowl,  nearlj^  resembling  a  duck.  Gloss,  of 
Heraldry.  The  family  bear  three  in  their 
arms.     H.R.  Le  Sceldrake,  Sceyldrake. 

SHELF.  ] .  A  township  of  HaHHix,  co. 
York.  2.  Mr.  Ferguson  thinks  from  a 
Teutonic  hero  called  Scelf  or  Scylf,  the  pre- 
sumed founder  of  the  Scylfingas,  a  Scandi- 
navian tribe. 

SPIELFANGER.  A  parish  In  Norfolk, 
where  tlie  family  had  possessions  temp. 
Edward  I. 

SHELFORD.  Two  parishes  In  Cam- 
bridgeshire, and  another  in  Nottingham- 
shire. 

SHELL.  A  hamlet  in  the  parish  of 
Himbledon,  co.  Worcester. 

SHELLEY.  Genealogists  assert  that  the 
Shelleys  "  came  out  of  France  with 
AVilliam  the  Conqueror."  Seulle,  Shevele, 
or  Sheuile,  is  found  in  the  lists  called  the 
Roll  of  Battel  Abbey.  Horsfield's  Lewes,  ii. 
ITG.  But  independently  of  the  fact  that 
there  are  several  places  in  England  called 
Shelley,  (in  Suffolk,  Essex,  Yorkshire,  &c.) 
there  is  no  authenticated,  or  even  imaginary, 
pedigree  which  ascends  beyond  the  XIV. 
century.  There  was  formerly  near  Horsham, 
in  Sussex,  (the  great  habitat  oiWn?,  family) 
a  park  called  Shelley,  from  which  they 
doubtless  assumed  their  name. 


SHE 


312 


SHI 


SIIELTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Bed- 
ford, Norfolk,  Nottingham,  and  Stafford. 

SHENTON.  A  chapehy  in  co.  Leices- 
ter. 

SHEPHERD.  The  occupation.  As  a 
surname  it  is  often  variously  mis-spelt,  as 
Shepard,  Shephard,  Shepheard,  Sheppard, 
Shepperd.  The  H.R.  forms  of  this  name 
are  Pastor  and  Le  Pastur. 

SHEPHERDSBUSH.  The  name  of  a 
foundling  discovered  at  the  place  so  called 
in  Middlesex.    See  Eng.  Surn.  ii.  19. 

SHEPHOUSE.  "  Slieep-house,"  a  local 
name. 

SHEPPERSON.  The  son  of  the  Shep- 
herd.    So  Wrightson,  Smithson,  &c. 

SHERARD.       SHERRARD.       "  Our 

antiquaries  agree  that  Schirrard,  who  was 
resident  in  England,  and  held  great  pos- 
sessions in  the  counties  of  Cheshire  and 
Lancashire,  temp.  William  Conq.,  is  lineal 
ancestor  to  the  present  Earl  of  Har- 
borough."  Collins's  Peerage,  edit.  1768, 
V.  38. 

Said  to  have  been  of  Thornton,  in 
Cheshire,  in  the  XIII.  cent.,  but  the  pedi- 
gree is  iirovetl  only  to  William  Sherard, 
who  died  in  130-1.  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men. 

SHERBORNE.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Dorset,  Gloucester,  Warwick,  Hants,  &c. 
There  are  also  Sherburnes  in  cos.  Durham 
and  York. 

SHERER.     See  Shearer,  and  Shearmau. 

SHERGOLD.     See  Sheargold. 

SHERIFF.      SHERRIFF.      From   the 

oftice,  A-Sax.  scH'-^^rc/Vf,  i.e.,  "shire-reeve." 
The  Domesday  equivalent  is  vicccomes, 
which  implies  the  deputy  or  substitute  of  a 
count,  whose  jurisdiction  extended  over  a 
shire  or  county. 

SHERIN.  Sherwin,  by  the  suppression 
of  W. 

SHERINGTON.  A  parish  in  co.  Wilts, 
and  a  manor  in  Selmeston,  co.  Sussex, 
which  had  owners  of  the  same  name  in  the 
XIV.  cent. 

SHERLEY.     See  Shirley. 

SHERLOCK.  Having  shere,  or  clear 
locks?  The  family  were  of  importance 
in  Ireland  from  the  time  of  the  Tudors. 
Ortelius's  map  locates  them  in  the  barony 
of  Middlethird,  co.  Wexford.     D' Alton. 

SHERMAN.  SHEREMAN.  At  Nor- 
wich, one  who  shears  worsted,  fustians,  &c., 
an  employment  once  known  as  '  sherman- 
craft.'  Eng.  Surn.  i.  108.  The  word  has 
another  distinct  meaning.  "  Even  at  this 
day,  in  Norfolk,  a  person  born  out  of  tlie 
coimtyiscalleda  Shireman,  i.e.,  born  in  some 
one  of  the  shires  or  counties  of  England." 
Archfcologia,  xix,  16.  But  a  more  digni- 
fied origin  may  be  assigned :  in  Domesday- 
book  the  .Judge  of  the  County-court  (a  very 
important   office   in   Norman   times)   was 


called  a  Scirman,  i.e.,  Shireman.  The  A- 
Sax.  scirmann  is  defined  by  Bosworth  as  "  a 
man  who  superintends,  shireman,  pro- 
vincial, an  overseer,  governor,  provost, 
bailiff  of  a  hundred."  The  parish  of  Sher- 
manbury,  in  Sussex,  must  have  taken  its 
name,  in  Saxon  times,  from  one  who  bore 
either  the  name  or  the  office,  or  both. 

SHERRELL.     A  corruption  of  Sherwell. 

SHERRIN,     The  same  as  Sherin. 

SHERRING.  1.  The  same  as  Sherin. 
2.   Shering,  a  parish  in  Essex. 

SHERRY.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Sheriff,  or  of  Sherwin. 

SHERSTON.  Two  parishes  in  WUt- 
shire  are  so  called. 

SHERVILL.    A  corruption  of  Sherwell. 

SHERWELL.     A  parish  in  Devonshire. 

SHERWIN.  An  ancient  personal  name. 
H.R.  Scherewind,  Scherewynd,  &o. 

SHERWOOD.  A  well-known  forest  in 
Nottinghamshire,  the  scene  of  the  adven- 
tures of  Robin  Hood  and  his  companions. 

SHETHER.     See  Sheather. 

SHEWARD.  The  same  as  Saward  and 
Seward. 

SHEWELL.     See  Sewell. 

SHIEL.     See  Sheill,  and  Shield. 

SHIELD.  The  primary  meaning  of  this 
word  is  a  covering  or  defence,  whether 
against  the  weapons  of  an  adversary,  or 
against  the  inclemency  of  the  weather.  A- 
Sax.  soijldan,  tegere,  protegere ;  to  cover,  to 
protect.  Richardson.  As  a  surname,  it  is 
local,  from  sJiiel,  a  temporary  hut  for  shep- 
herds or  labourers  of  any  kind ;  afterwards 
applied  to  more  permanent  habitations, 
and  even  to  villages  and  towns. 

SHIELDS.  North  and  South  Shields, 
cos.  Northumberland  and  Durham. 

SHIELL.     See  Sheill. 

SHIFFNER.  The  baronet's  family 
settled  in  London  in  the  last  century  from 
Russia.  It  is  probable  that  they  were  of 
German  origin.  The  German  schaffner  is 
synonymous  with  the  Norman-French  Le 
Dispenser,  and  signifies  manager  or  steward, 
{di&pcnsator'),  from  schaffen,  to  effect,  pro- 
cure. 

SHILDRAKE.  Sheldrake,  an  O.-Eng. 
name  for  a  certain  aquatic  fowl,  but  of  what 
species  I  cannot  ascertain. 

SHILDRICK.     See  Shildrake. 

SIIILL.  A  place  near  Grimsby,  co.  Lin- 
coln. 

SHILLCOCK.  Possibly  from  slirill- 
cocli,  or  shirl-coclt,  a  provincial  name  of 
the  throstle. 

SHILLIBEER.  One  William  Scilleber 
lived  in  Yorkshire,  temp.  Edward  I.  H.R., 
and  was  doubtless  an  ancestor  of  the  Shil- 


S  H  I  313 


SHI 


libeers.       No   probable   etymology   of  the 
name  lias  occurred  to  me. 
SHILLING.        Schelin,      Schelinus,     a 

Domesday  personal  name. 
SIIILLINGFORD.     rarlshes  in  Devon- 
shire and  Berkshire. 
SHILSTONE.     Perhaps  ShllUngstone,  a 

parish  in  Dorsetshire. 
SHIN.     A  river  of  Sutherlandshire. 
SHINAN.        Originally    O'Shanahan,    a 
sept  descended  from  Lorcan,  King  of  Mun- 
ster,  and  grandfather  of  Brian  Boru,    and 
hence  a  branch   of  the  Dalcassians.     Ac- 
cording to  the  Annals  of  the  Four  Masters, 
at  the  great  battle  of  Moinmor  in   Des- 
mond,   fought     in    1151,    seven     of  the 
O'Shanahans  were  slain.     DAlton. 
SHIXGFIELD.      Shinfield  or    Shining- 
field,  a  parish  in  Berkshire. 
SHINGLER.     A  mechanic  who  covered 
roofs  with  oaken  tiles.    Many  church  spires 
are  so  covered  at  this   day ;  and  formerly 
roofs,  both  of  churches  and  houses,  were 
shingled,  as  they  are  in  North  America  at 
the  present  time.       The   occupation   sub- 
sisted in  Sussex,  as  a  distinct  trade,  in  the 
XYII.  century.     The  name  may,  however, 
have  a  differeut  origin,  for  shlngUng  is  an 
important  process   in    the   manufacture  of 
iEon.     See  Ray's  Proverbs  and  Words,  edit. 
1768,  app. 
SHINGLETON.  The  same  as  Singleton. 
SHINKFIELD.      The    same    as  Shing- 
field. 

SIIINN.     See  Shin. 

SHINNER.     "  An  hose,  a  nether  stocke, 

a  sldnner:'   Nomenclator,  1585.  Halliwell. 

See  Hosier. 

SHIP.       Probably    an    inn    or    trader's 

sign. 

SHIPLEY.    Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Sussex, 

Derby,  Northumberland,  York,  &c. 
SHIPMAN.     A  mariner.     This  word  is 
used    in    the    authorized    version    of  the 
Bible. 

SHIPPEN.  A-Sax.  scipen,  a  stall  or 
stable.  A  cow-house  is  still  so  called  in 
the  North.  The  French  equivalent  is 
Bouverie. 

"  Whi  is  not  thi  table  sett  in  the  cow-stallc ; 
And  whi  etist  thou  not  in  thi  shij)nn  as  well  as 
in  tliin  halle  ." 

if.S.  Dighy  41.    (Hallhoell.) 

SHIPSTER.  A-Sax.  scip,  and  steora,  a 
steerer.  A  ship-steerer,  guide,  pilot,  or 
ruler.  In  the  curious  list  of  names  given 
in  Cocke  Lorrelles  Bote  we  read  : — 

"  Gogle-eyed  Tomson,  shepstcr  of  Lyn." 

SHIPSTON.  A  parish  in  Worcester- 
eliire,  on  the  river  Stour. 


SHIPTON.     Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 

Salop,   York,    Oxford,    Bucks,  Gloucester, 

&c. 

SHIPWASH.     A  corruption  of  "  sheep- 
2  s 


■(vash  " — a  place  where  sheep  are  cleansed 
preparatory  to  shearing. 

SHIPWAY.      Probably  from  Shepway, 

one  of  the  lathes,  or  great  divisions,  of  the 

county  of  Kent. 
SHIPWRIGHT.      See    under    ^Vright. 

H.R.  Le  Schipwryte. 
SHIRE.     O.    Eng.    shere,    clear,    pure, 

transparent. 

SHIRECLIFFE.  This  local  surname 
has  undergone,  I  am  told,  55  changes  and 
corruptions  of  spelling,  the  most  common 
of  which  are  Shirtliff,  Shertley,  and  Shirt- 
cliffe. 

SHIREFF.     A  corruption  of  Sheriff. 

SHIRLEY.  This  ancient  family  trace, 
without  hiatzts,  to  Sasuualo,  or  Sewallis, 
whose  name,  says  Dugdale,  "  argues  him 
to  be  of  the  old  English  stock,"  and  who 
is  mentioned  in  Domesday  as  mesne  lord  of 
Eatington,  co.  Warwick,  under  Henry  de 
Ferrers.  This,  the  oldest  knightly  family 
of  that  county,  resided  at  Eatington  until 
the  reign  of  Edward  III.,  though  in  the 
meantime,  in  the  twelfth  century,  they 
adopted  their  surname  from  their  manor  of 
Shirley  in  Derbyshire.  Eatington  has 
never  been  alienated,  and  it  is,  at  this  day, 
one  of  the  residences  of  the  existing  repre- 
sentative of  the  family,  Evelyn  Philip 
Shirley,  Esq.,  M.P.  See  Stemmata  Shir- 
leiana,  1841  ;  and  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men. 

The  Shcdeysoi  Wistou,  Preston,  &c.,  co. 
Sussex  (from  whom  sprang  the  remarkable 
"  Three  Brothers  ")  were  a  younger  branch 
of  the  Warwickshire  family.  The  Slmrlcys 
of  Isfield,  CO.  Sussex,  though  connected  by 
marriage  with  the  Sherleys,  were  of  a  dif- 
ferent stock. 

SHIREMARKS.  Giles  at  Shiremarks 
lived  in  1484  at  Warnham,  co.  Sussex,  a 
border  parish  to  Surrey.  See  Cartwright's 
Rape  of  Bramber.  The '  shiremarks  '  ^vere 
doubtless  boundary  stones  between  the  t\\-o 
counties. 

SIHRiMAN.     See  Sherman, 
SHIRREFF.     A  corruption  of  Sheriff. 
SHIRRY.     See  Sherry. 
SHIRT.     May  be  derived  from  the  gar- 
ment,  like   Cloake,  Mantell,   &c.,  though 
this  does  not  seem  very  probable. 
A  Mr.  Shirt  of  Kensington,  feelmg  him- 
self under-valued  by  bearing  the  name  of 
this  under  garment,  some  years  ago  altered 
it  to   Hirst,   whereupon   a  punster  miglit 
fairly    have    called    him  Mr.    ^:^-cliange. 
There  was  a  ilr.  Abraham  Shurt  m  Ame- 
rica in  1626,  to  whom  Mr.  Bowditch  refers 
in  the  dedication  of  his  humorous  work, 
Suffolk  Surnames  :— 

"  To  the  Memory 

of 

A.  SHURT, 

'  the  Fatlier  of  American  Conveyancing,' 

whose  Name  is  associated  alike 

with 

my  daUy  Toilet,  and  ray  daily  Occuration." 


SHO 


314 


SHU 


SHOE.  Probably  an  ancient  A-Sax. 
name,  whence  the  designations  of  the  places 
called  Shoobrooke,  Shohy,  Shoebury,  &c. 

SHOEBOTHAM.  Local :  "  the  bottom 
or  vale  in  which  thei'e  is  a  shaw."  See 
Shaw,  and  Bottom. 

SHOBSMITII.    See  Shoosmith. 

SHOEWRIGHT.  A-Sax.  scco-wt/rlil,  a 
shoemaker.  See  Wright.  This  artificer 
also  made  leathern  flasks,  hags,  and  purses. 
Wright's  ^''ocab,  p.  9. 

SHOOBRICK.  SHOOBRIDGE.  SHU- 
BRICK.  Evidently  a  local  name.  See 
Shoe.  The  final  brick  is  a  corruption  of 
the  A-Sax.  hiff,  a  bridge. 

SHOOLBRED.  A  corruption  of  Sbul- 
bred  in  W.  Sussex,  formerly  noted  for  its 
priory. 

SHOOSMITH.  A  maker  of  horse-shoes, 
a  farrier.  Let  me  remark  here,  the  impro- 
priety of  the  common  acceptation  of  the 
word  farrier,  which  in  country  places  is 
applied  to  a  person  who  practices  medicine 
for  the  equine  race,  and  for  domestic 
quadi'upeds  in  general.  In  the  last  genera- 
tion, most  villages  had  a  '  horse-farrier  and 
cow-leech,'  (See  under  Leech)  with  an 
oval  sign-board  over  his  door  to  that  effect ; 
at  present  such  a  practitioner  has  a  brass 
plate  with  '  veterinary-surgeon  '  inscribed 
thereou.  But  originally,  and  correctly, 
the  farrier  was  a  man  who  provided  horses 
with  shoes  (fers  a  cheval)  i.e.,  a  ^lioc-smitli. 
In  rural  districts,  the  farrier  or  shoe-smith, 
forgetting  the  maxim,  ne  sutor  ultra 
CHEPIDAJI,  exceeded  his  function,  and  took 
care  of  the  health  of  hoi-ses,  and  at  length 
liauded  over  the  feet  of  his  charge  to  the 
village  blacksmith,  to  whom  they  primally 
and  of  right  belonged,  though  mean^vhile 
he  continued  to  lie  called  a  farrier — the 
original  meaning  of  the  word  being  totally 
lost  sight  of. 

SHOrPEE.  Supposed  to  he  a  corrup- 
tion of  the  French  surname  Chapuis. 

SHORDITCH.  Shoreditch,  a  part  of 
London. 

SHORE.  The  sea-side,  or  the  margin  of 
a  river  or  lake. 

SHORES.     See  Shore. 

SHOREDICHE.     Sec  Shoreditch. 

SHOREDITCH.  Doubtless  from  the 
district  of  eastern  London  so  designated. 

SHOREHAM.  A  toAvn  in  Sussex,  and 
a  parish  in  Kent. 

SHORT.  From  diminutive  stature.  Il 
bears  the  same  orthogi'aphy  in  H.E. 

SHORTALL.  This  name  is  of  record  in 
Ireland  from  temp.  Edward  II.  It  is  pro- 
bably of  English  origin. 

SHORTER.        Possibly    the    same     as 

Shottei'. 

SHORTHOSE.  In  the  reign  of  Cliarles 
II.  there  were  a  family  of  tliis  name  who 


claimed  direct  descent  from  Prince  Robert 
Curthose.     Notes  and  Queries,  December  5, 

1857. 

SHORTREED.  A  Selkirkshire  family. 
The  name  i§  probably  local. 

SHOTBO  LT.  Seems  to  refer  to  archery. 
The  last  syllable  may,  however,  be  a  corrup- 
tion of  '  bold,'  a  topographical  term. 

SHOTLANDER.  German,  Schotliinder, 
a  Scotchman.  During  the  middle  ages 
Scotchmen  often  fought  the  battles  of  the 
German  princes. 

SHOTLENDER.     See  Shotlander. 

SHOTT.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of  Shotts, 
a  parish  in  co.  Lanark. 

SHOTTER.  A  contraction  of  Shotover, 
CO.  Oxford. 

SHOTTON  Three  places  in  co.  Dur- 
ham are  so  designated. 

SHOUBRIDGE.     See  Shoobridge. 

SHOULDERS.  Probably  a  sobriquet 
applied  to  a  high-shoiilderedman. 

SHOVEL.  Possibly  a  corruption  of  Fr. 
cheval,  horse. 

SHOVELLER.  A  man  who  used  the 
implement  in  his  work. 

SHOWERS.  Mr.  Ferguson  says  A-Sax. 
scoere,  a  "  shoer,"  or  maker  of  shoes. 

SHOWLER.  The  same  as  Shoveller- a 
shovel  in  several  dialects  being  called  a 
shoivl. 

"  AVIio'll  dig  his  grave  ? 
I  snys  tlie  Owl ; 
With  my  spade  and  shou'l, 
I'll  dig  his  grave." 

Cock  Eohin. 

SHREEVE.  Shrievc,  the  O.  Eng.  spell- 
ing of  Sheriff. 

SHREWSBURY.  The  chief  town  of 
Shropshire. 

SHUBRICK.     See  Shoobrlck. 

SHUCKBURGH.  "William  de  Sucke- 
berge  is  presumed  to  be  the  first  who  as- 
sumed the  name,  from  Shuckborough-Supe- 
rior  in  Warwickshire ;  he  was  living  in  the 
third  of  John."  Tlie  lineal  descent  of  the 
earlier  members  of  the  family  is,  however, 
obscure ;  and  the  connected  pedigree  ascends 
no  higher  than  the  first  year  of  Edward  III. 
Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men.  Baker's 
Northampton.'^hire. 

SHUFFELL.  SHUFFLE.  See  Bottom* 
in  the  Supplement.  It  may,  however,  be  a 
corruption  of  Sheffield, 

SHUFFLEBOTHAM.  SHUFFLE- 
BOTTOM.  My  former  explanation  by 
"  Shaw-field  bottom  "  is  hardly  tenable. 
See  Bottom*  in  the  Supplement. 

SHULDHAIM.  Shouldham  Hall,  co. 
Suffolk,  was  the  seat  of  this  family  so  early 
as  o4  Henry  III.,  when  Sir  William  de 
Shuldham  was  resident  there.  The  Shuld- 
hams  of  Ireland  settled  in  that  country,  in 
CO.  Cork,  early  in  the  XVIII.  century. 


SIK 


315 


SHURLEY.     See  under  Shirley. 

SHUTE.  A  parish  in  Devonshire,  whic-h 
was  the  residence  of  the  family  in  the  last 
century. 

SHUTER.  Lat.  sutor,  and  O.Eng.  mter, 
a  shoemaker. 

SHUTT.     See  Shute. 

SIBBALD.  An  ancient  baptismal  name. 
In  the  Domesday  of  Northamptonshh-e  a 
Sil->aldus  occurs  as  tenant  in  chief.  As  a 
surname  it  is  found  in  Scotland  in  the 
XII.  century.      B.L.G. 

SIBBALDSCOT.  Local :  "  the  cote  or 
cottage  of  Sihaldus." 

SIBEL.     See  Sibbald. 

SIBSOjST.  Apparently  the  son  of  Sibbald. 

SIBTHORPE.  A  parish  in  Nottingham- 
shire. A  Robert  and  a  William  de  Sibetorp 
occur  in  the  Domesday  of  that  county,  and 
the  name  is  found  in  connection  with  Sib- 
thorpe  down  to  the  XIV.  century.  The 
family  of  the  late  Colonel  Sibthorpe  appear 
to  have  been  associated  with  Laneham,  m 
the  same  countv,  from  the  year  1395,  bat 
there  is  no  direct  proof  of  their  descent 
from  the  Domesday  family,  which  is,  how- 
ever, probable.     See  B.L.G. 

SICILY.  An  Edinburgh  surname,  which 
is  derived,  probably  not  from  the  Italian 
island,  but  from  tlie  female  Christian  name, 
Cicely  or  Crecilia. 

SICKELMORE.  A  corruption  of  syca- 
more, the  tree.  Cognate  with  Oak,  Ash,  &c. 

SICKLEMORE.     See  Sickelmore. 
^^  SIDE.      A  topographical  expression, 
implying  the  side  of  a  hill,  stream.  Sec. 
Hence  Whiteside,  Silverside,  Sec. 
SIDE  BET  HAM.    A  particularly  genteel 

refinement  of  Sidebottom. 
SIDEBOTTO^M.  A  compound  of  Bottom, 
which  see,  in  the  Supplement. 
SIDGWICK.     The  same  as  Sedgwick. 
SIDNEY.     See  Sydney. 
SIDWELL.     An  ancient  personal  name. 
A  church  at  Exeter  is  dedicated  to  St.  Sid- 
well. 

SIEVEWRIGHT.     A  maker  of  sieves. 
SIFTQN.     The  same  as  Sefton. 
SIGGERS.     A-Sax.  sigra;    Old  Norse, 
s'igarv,  a  conqueror.     Ferguson. 
SIGGURS.     See   Segar.     Possibly  from 
the  town  of  Segur  in  Poitou. 
SIGiMUND.      An    ancient   German  and 
Scandinavian  name. 

SIKE.     See  Sykes. 

SIKELFOT.  This  name  occurs  in  records 
of  Lewes  Priory,  XIII.  century.  Either 
'  sicklefoot '  from  some  remarkable  '  splay, 
or  O.Eng.  silier,  that  is,  sure,  foot. 

SIKES.     See  Sykes. 


SIM 

SILAS.     The  personal  name. 

SILBY.  Sileby,  a  parish  in  Leicester- 
shire. 

SILCOCK.     A  diminutive  of  Silas. 

SILK.  A  parish  in  Lincolnshire,  with  the 
suffix  of  Willoughby. 

SILLER.  Of  recent  introduction  from 
Germany.     A  corruption  of  Schiller. 

SILLIFANT.  This  Devonshire  family, 
originally  written  Sullivan,  were  derived 
from  the  Sullivans  of  Ireland,  and  settled  in 
England  in  the  year  16-il. 

SILLIMAN.     The  A-Sax.  syl,  or  suJ,  a 

plough,  is  retained  in  the  Wiltshire  provin- 
cialism sijlla.     Hence  Silliman  is  probably 

ploughman. 
SILLY.     SILLEY.      John  Silly,  gent., 

of  St.  Wenn,   altered  his  name  from  Ceely 

to  Silly.     D.   Gilbert's  Cornwall,  iii.  237 ; 

a  truly  silly  deed,  especially  for  a  lawyer 

to  have  executed. 
SILVANUS.      Sylvanus,    the    personal 

name, 
SILVER.      Probably    an    old    personal 

name.      It   corresponds    with    the    Germ. 

Silber.     Ferguson. 

SILVERLOCK.      Doubtless    from    the 

hoary  head  of  the  first  bearer  of  the  name. 

So  Blacklock,  Whitelock,  &c. 

SILVERSIDE.      A  place  in  the  Lake 

district  is  so  called.     Ferguson. 

SILVERSPOON.     Probably  a    trader's 

sign. 

SILVERSTONE.        A    parish    in    co. 

Northampton. 

SILVERTON.  A  parish  in  Devon- 
shire. 

SILVESTER.  An  ancient  personal 
name.  The  Roman  Calendar  lias  three 
saints  so  designated.  In  Domesday  there 
is  a  Hugo  Silvestris,  an  epithet  synony- 
mous wTth  the  more  modern  Dubois  and 
Attwood. 

SIM.     See  Simon. 

SIMBERB.     A  corruption  of  St.  Barbe. 

SIMCO.  SBICOE.  A  modern  refine- 
ment of  SiiBCOck. 

SIMCOCK.     SIMCOX.     See  Simon. 

SIMEON.     The  personal  name. 

SIMES.     See  Simon. 

SIMMONS.  SBBIONDS.  This  name 
is  generally  understood  to  be  a  derivative  of 
Simon ;  but  it  may  have  come  from  the 
Domesday  name  Simund,  which  is  distinct 
from  Simon.  A  family  of  Simmons  who 
liave  been  resident  for  three  centuries  and 
a  half  at  Seaford,  co.  Sussex,  have  evi- 
dently corrupted  their  appellative  from 
Seaman ;  and  it  has  gone  through  the  fol- 
lowing phases  since  the  year  loo3: — 
Seman,  Seaman,  Seamans.Semons,  Simons, 
Simouds,  Simmouds,  Symonds,  Symmonds, 


SIN 


316 


SIZ 


and  Simmons.  The  name  Seman  is  of 
very  frequent  occnrrence  in  the  records  of 
the  Cinque  Ports,  and  other  places  on  the 
Kent  and  Sussex  coast,  in  the  XIII.,  XIV., 
and  subsequent  centuries.  It  has  doubtless 
had  many  distinct  origins  from  many  an 
"  ancient  mariner  "  of  that  region.  In  the 
year  1294,  the  ship  "  De  la  Bochere,"  of 
Winchelsea,  was  commanded  by  Benedict 
Seman,  who  doubtless  obtained  his  name 
from  his  occupation.  See  Cooper's  Win- 
chelsea, J).  55. 

SIMMS.     See  Simon. 

SIMON.  A  Christian  name  of  Norman 
introduction,  and  formerly  of  much  more 
frequent  use  than  at  present.  Itself  a 
surname,  it  has  become  the  parent  of  many 
others,  particularly  of  Sim,  Sims,  Simes, 
Simson  and  Simpson,  Simkin  and  Simp- 
kin,  Simpkins,  Simpkiuson,  Simcock,  Sim- 
cox,  Simco,  and  Simcoe ;  also  of  the  forms 
in  Y,  as  Symouds,  Symondson,  Sympson, 
Symm,  Syms,  and  Symes_,  with  perhaps 
Sykes  and  Sikes,  and  sometimes  of  Simond, 
Simonds,  Simmons,  and  Simmonds. 

SIMOND.     SIMONDS.     See  Simon. 

SIMKIN.     SIMKINS.     See  Simon. 

SIMPKINSON.     See  Simon. 

SIMPLE.  From  condition  ;  a  plebeian, 
as  opposed  to  a  gentleman.  See  Semple. 
H.R.  Le  Simple. 

SIMPSON.  1.  A  Buckiniihamshire 
parish.  2.  The  son  of  Simon.  The  Simp- 
sons of  Knaresborough  deduce  their  line- 
age from  the  time  of  Edward  the  Confessor, 
and  from  Archil,  a  Saxon  thane,  living  in 
that  reign,  and  in  the  reign  of  the  Con- 
queror. Among  his  other  ])ossessions  was 
the  manor  of  Clint  in  Yorkshire,  where  his 
posterity  resided  in  the  XIII.  and  XIV. 
centuries,  writing  themselves  De  Clynt. 
The  name  of  Simpson  (or  Simon's  son) 
was  adopted  from  Symou,  son  of  William 
de  Clynt,  who  was  living  in  the  year  1300. 
See  B.L.G.  However  contrary  to  our 
modern  notions  of  good  taste,  there  are 
several  other  instances  of  families  having 
disused  a  territorial  surname  in  favour  of  a 
patronymical  one. 

SIMS.     See  Simon. 

SIMSON.  The  son  of  Sim,  tliat  Is  Simon. 
The  Scottish  family  of  Simson,  Symsoun,  or 
Symson,  of  Brunton,  have  been  established 
in  Fifeshire  from  the  commencement  of 
the  XV.  century.     B.L.G. 

SINCLAIR.  A  corruption  of  Saint 
Clair  or  Saint  Clere. 

SINCLER.  A  Scottish  corruption  of 
Saint  Clair. 

SINDEN.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Sinjen  or  St.  John.     See  however  den. 

SINDERBY.     A  township  in  Yorkshire. 

SING.  From  an  account  of  this  family 
in  the  Bridgnorth  Journal,  Sept.  8,  185.5,  it 
appears  that  they  originated  from  "  John 


Jlillington,  commonly  called  Singer,  alias 
Synge,"  a  canon  or  prebendary  of  the 
church  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen,  Bridgnorth, 
who  married  after  the  Reformation,  and 
became  progenitor  of  the  Synges  or  Sings, 
still  resident  in  that  town. 

SINGER.     Doubtless  from  vocal  skill. 

SINGERiMAN.  The  same  as  Singer, 
the  final  syllable  being  redundant,  as  in 
Tuckerman,  Fisherman,  &c. 

SINGLEDAY.     See  Doubleday. 

SINGLETON.  A  parish  In  Sussex,  and 
a  chapelry  in  Lancashire.  The  latter  was 
long  possessed  by  a  very  ancient  family. 

SINKINS.  The  same  as  Simpkins,  a 
diminutive  of  Simon. 

SINKLER.  As  vile  a  corruption  of  Sin- 
clair, as  Sinclair  is  of  Saint  Clair.  Two 
London  pork-butchers  in  1852  bore  the 
name, 

SINNOCK.  A  corruption  of  Sevenoaks, 
CO.  Keiit.  For  the  story  of  Sir  William 
Sennock  or  Sevenoke,  see  Lambarde's 
Peramb.  p.  520,  and  Eng.  Surn.  ii.  119. 
See  also  Snooks  in  this  Dictionary.  The 
H.R.  present  us  with  a  Sinoch,  demanding 
another  etymology. 

SINNOT.     See  Synnot. 

SIRED.     An  A-Sax.  personal  name. 

SIRETT.     See  Sired. 

SIRR.  Mr.  Ferguson  deduces  the  curious 
names  Sirr  and  Siree  from  the  Icelandic 
s'lra,  a  priest. 

SISLEY.  A  mis-spelling  of  Cicely,  the 
female  Christian  name. 

SISSON.  A  corruption  of  SIstou,  a 
parish  in  Gloucestershire. 

SISSONS.     A  pluralizatlon  of  Sisson. 

SISTERSON.  Analogous  to  Le  Neve, 
New,  Brothers,  &;c. 

SITTON.  A  corruption  of  Setou  or 
Seaton. 

SIT  WELL.    1.  According  to  B.L.G.  the 

Sitwells  of  the  North  of  England  were 
descended  from  Seawald  or  Seadwald,  and 
through  him  from  Ida,  Saxon  King  of 
Northumberland.     2.  See  Sidwell. 

SIVEAVRIGHT.         See     Siveyer,     and 

AVright. 

SIVEYER.  A  maker  of  sieves,  whence 
also  Sivewright. 

SIVIL.         A      mls-sjjelllng     of     civil, 

courteous. 

SIWARD.     The  A-Sax.  personal  name. 

SIX.  Ferguson  says  A-Sax.  seax,  a 
dagger  or  short  sword. 

SIXSailTHS.     See  under  Smith. 

SIZAR.     See  Sizer. 

SIZER.  A  scholar  of  the  lowest  degree 
at  Cambridge — a  servitor.     Bailey. 


SKI 


317 


SKAIFE.  Scaif  is  a  northern  provin- 
cialism for  timid  or  fearful.     H.R.  Slcayf. 

SKARFIELD.  A  corruption  of  Scarde- 
ville. 

SKEEN.     See  Skene. 

SKEFFINGTON.  The  ancestors  of  the 
baronet  were  proprietors  of  Slicfliugton, 
CO.  Leicester,  aud  seated  there  as  early  as 
the  reign  of  Richard  I. 

SKEGG.  As  we  find  the  genitive  Skeggs, 
and  the  local  names  Skegby  and  Skegness, 
I  think  this  must  have  been  an  old  Scandi- 
navian personal  name. 

SKEGGS.     See  Skegg.     Skeggi,   in  Old 

Norse,  signifies  bearded. 
SKELL.     "  A  well  in  the  Old  Northern 

English."     Camden. 
SKELTON.     Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 

Cumberland,  Yorkshire,  &c.     The  Skeltons 

of  the   former  county  date  back  to  temp. 

Edw.  II.     Hutchinson's  Cumberland. 

SKENE.  "  The  Skenes  obtained  this 
name  for  killing  a  very  big  aud  fierce  wolf, 
at  a  hunting  in  company  with  the  king,  in 
Stocket  forest  in  Athole  ;  having  killed  the 
wolf  with  a  dagger  or  sliaie."  Buchanan's 
Ancient  Scottish  Surnames. 

A  valued  correspondent  observes  : — 
"This  dagger  story  is  not  true.  The  name  is 
local,  and  the  lands  of  Skene  or  Scheue 
bore  that  name  when  in  possession  of  the 
Durwards,  before  they  were  possessed  by 
the  family  who  took  their  name  from  them. 
These  lands  are  in  Aberdeenshire,  and  now 
belong  to  the  Earl  of  Fife,  who  inherits 
them  through  a  female  ancestor." 

SKERRAT.  SKERRITT.  See  Skerrett. 

SKERRETT.  Of  Gahvay  origin,  and 
one  of  the  thirteen  tribes  of  that  town. 
The  name  was  originally  Huscared.  Robert 
Huscared  or  Scared  held  lands  in  Con- 
naught  under  Richard  de  Burgo  in  1242. 
B.L.G. 

SKERRY.  A  sea-girt  rock,  or  rocky 
islet. 

SKIDjNIORE.  a  wretched  corruption  of 
Scudamore. 

SKILL.    Most  likely  the  same  as  Skell. 

SKILLER.  Perhaps  from  Skill  or  Skell, 
as  Weller  from  Well,  &c. 

SKINNER.  A  dealer  in  skins.  The 
Skinners'  Company  in  London  received 
their  charter  of  incorporation  so  early  as 
the  first  year  of  Edward  III.  This  name 
was  commouly  latinized  Pelliparius. 

SKIPPER.  A-Sax.  scipere,  a  sailor. 
The  word  is  now  applied  to  the  commander 
of  a  ship. 

SKIPWITH.  A  parish  in  the  East 
Riding  of  Yorkshire.  The  first  who  as- 
sumed the  name  was  Patrick  de  Skipwith, 
Avho  flourished  in  the  reign  of  Henry  I. 
He  was  the  second  son  of  Robert  de 
Estoteville,  or  Stuteville,  baron  of  Cotting- 


SLA 

ham  in  the  reign  of  William  the  Concjueror. 
Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

SKIP  WORTH.  Altered  from  Skipwith 
about  the  year  1725.     B.L.G. 

SKITT.  "  Some  time  since,  a  man  named 
James  Kit  (i.e.,  Christopher),  took  a 
house  near  mine.  He  was  always  called 
James  Kitt— his  house  got  the  name  of 
"  Shift's  "—and  the  family  are  now  all 
written  Skitt."  From  a  Lancashire  corre- 
spondent. 

SKONE.  A  mis-spelling  of  Scone,  in 
Perthshire,  once  a  royal  city,  but  now  a 
village  of  eighteen  houses. 

SKRINE.  The  Skrines  of  Warleigb,  co. 
Somerset,  have  a  tradition  that  they  are 
descended  from  one  Don  Eskrino,  a  fol- 
lower of  Philip  of  Spain,  when  he  came 
into  England  to  marry  Queen  Mary.  It  is 
added  that  he  remained  in  England,  and 
obtained  from  Philip  permission  to  bear 
the  arms  of  Sjjain.  This  account,  which 
does  not  carry  much  probability  with  it,  is, 
however,  somewhat  supported  by  the  arms 
liorne  by  the  family,  which  are :  "  Azure, 
in  the  dexter  chief  and  sinister  base  points, 
a  tnn-er  Argent;  in  the  sinister  chief  and 
dexter  base  points,  a  Uon-ravipant  Ermine, 
ducally  crowned  Or  " — certainly  a  remark- 
able resemblance  to  the  ensigns  of  Castile 
and  Leon. 

SKRYMSHIRE.  The  same  as  Scrym. 
geour. 

SKUDDER.  In  O.  Scottish  to  scud  is  to 
quaff.  Hence,  probably,  the  first  Mr.  Scud- 
der  was  addicted  to  potations. 

SKULL.  Mr.  Ferguson  fetches  this 
name  from  O.Norse  slmle,  signifying  a  pro- 
tector. 

SKY.  1.  The  Scottish  island,  Skye. 
2.  Ferguson  says,  Danish  shy,  sh)^ 

SKYP.     May  be  the  A-Sax.  scip,  a  ship. 

SLACK.  1.  A-Sax.  slaec,  slack,  remiss, 
idle,  lazy.  A  Norfolk  correspondent  says  : 
"  I  knew  a  man  whose  real  name  was 
Harris,  who,  from  his  extreme  laziness, 
always  went  by  the  name  of  Slack."  2.  A 
topographical  word  thus  variously  defined 
by  Jamicson  :  "i.  An  opening  in  the  higher 
part  of  a  hill  or  mountain,  where  it  becomes 
less  steep,  and  forms  a  sort  of  pass.  ii.  A 
gap  or  narrow  pass  between  two  hills  or 
mountains,     iii.  A  morass." 

SLADE.  This  word  has  been  variously 
defined  as  a  vallej',  a  hollow,  a  den,  a 
hanging  wood,  a  plain,  a  breadth  of  green 
land  in  fields  and  plantations,  &c.  See 
Eng.  Siirn.  i.  83.  The  form  of  the  surname 
in  H.R.  is  De  la  Slade. 

SLADDEN.  SLADDON.    SeeSladen. 

SLADEN.  This  family,  seated  on  the 
coast  of  Kent  in  the  early  part  of  the  XVII. 
century,  and  hardly  found  elsewhere  until 
within  the  XIX.,  are  presumed  to  have 
come  from  the  town  of  Schleiden  in  the 
government  of  Aix-la-Chapelle  in  Rhenish 
Prussia,     John   Sleidan,  the  historian   of 


SLI 


318 


SMA 


the  Reformation  in  Gei'many,  a  native  of 
that  town,  was  deputed  to  the  English 
court  by  tlie  German  reformers  in  1545, 
and  it  is  probable  that  others  of  his  name 
ami  religion  afterwards  sought  a  home  in 
this  country.  Sladden,  Sladdon,  and  Slod- 
den,  may  be  variations  of  the  name;  and 
tliis  seems  the  more  probable,  inasmuch  as 
the  continental  town  is  pronounced  as  if 
written  with  two  d's.  There  seems,  how- 
ever, to  be  no  recognized  kindred  between 
the  Sladens  and  the  Sladdens.  The  name 
of  Schleiden  is  still  well  known  in  German)'. 
A  Thos.  de  Slayden  was  mayor  of  Winchester 
in  1222.     Milner. 

SLADER.  From  residence  at  a  slade, 
whatever  that  may  be.  See  Slade,  and  the 
termination  r.R. 

SLAjSTEY.  Rodolphe  de  Slanie  or  Slane, 
■who  lived  in  the  reign  of  Henry  I.,  is  sup- 
posed to  have  come  into  England  from 
Bohemia  in  the  train  of  the  Empress  Maud. 
B.L.G. 

SLAPE.  Slippery,  smooth  ;  hence,  meta- 
phorically, crafty.     Halliwell. 

SLATE.  An  Edinburgh  surname.  Per- 
haps from  Sleat,  a  parish  of  Inverness- 
shire.  2.  iSlait  or  slafr^^  slovenly  and  dirty. 
Jamieson. 

SLATER.  From  the  occupation,  which 
dates  in  England  from  early  times,  though 
much  increased  -within  the  last  century  or 
two.     Le  Sclattere,  Sclatiere,  &c.    H.R. 

SLATOR.     The  same  as  Slater. 

SLATTER.      SLATYER.       Provincial 

corruptions  of  Slater.  Slate  is  often  pro- 
nounced slafa;  and  one  of  the  forms  of  the 
name  in  the  H.R.  is  Sclatter. 

SLAUGHTER.  There  are  two  parishes, 
as   well   as  a  hundred,   so  designated  in 

Gloucestershire. 

SLAYMAKER.  A  maker  of  slays,  an 
instrument  belonging  to  a  loom. 

SLEAP.  Probably  from  Sleep,  a  hamlet 
in  the  parish  of  St.  Peter,  at  St.  Albans,  co. 
Herts. 

SLEE.  The  same  as  Sly.  Hence  Slee- 
man  signifies  "  a  sly  or  cunning  one." 
Slimmon  is  apparently  a  corruption  of 
Sleeman. 

SLEEMAi^.     See  Slee. 

SLEEP.  A  hamlet  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Peter,  liberty  of  St.  Albans,  co.  Hertford. 

SLEIGH.     See  Sly. 

SLEi\IMON.     The  same  as  Slimmon. 

SLIMMON.     See  Slee. 

SLIGHT.  1.  Thin  and  tall;  a  personal 
quality.  2.  Worthless;  as  "  Pie's  a  slight 
lad  that."- — Jamieson  ;  who  derives  it  from 
slicht,  Islandic,  slaegd,  fraus,  dolus. 

SLUM.     Slender  in  person. 

SLINGSBY.     A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

SLIPPER.     1.  A  svfovd- slyper,  a  cutler, 


one  whose  princiiml  work  was  to  whet 
swords.  Acts  James  VI.  Teutonic  slij)- 
pcn,  acuere.  Belgic  slyjyer,  a  whetter. 
Jamieson.  2.  One  who  wishes  to  sneak 
away  for  fear  of  detection.  Ibid.  3.  One 
who  is  tawdry  and  slovenly  in  dress.  Ibid. 
— all  under  the  M'ord  slijper. 

SLIPSHOE.  Perhaps  slipshod,  a  sobri- 
quet. 

SLOAN E.  In  Scotland,  a  sloaji  is  'a 
covetous  person — "  a  greedy  sloan."  Jamie- 
son. 

SLOCOMBE.     See  Combe. 

SLOMAN.  A  Jewish  disouise  of  the 
personal  name  Soloman. 

SLOPER.  A  slop  is  a  kind  of  cloak  or 
mantle,  also  a  buskin  or  boot  much  used 
in  the  XV.  cent. — hence  Sloper.  Eng. 
Surn.  i.  112. 

SLOSE.  The  family  were  "  of  that  Ilk  " 
in  Scotland.  I  cannot  discover  the 
place. 

SLOUGH.  A  town  in  Buckinghamshire, 
well-known  to  railway  travellers. 

SLOW.  Quick  being  a  surname,  this 
mightnaturally  beregarded  as  its  antithesis  ; 
but  it  is  uot  so,  as  it  lias  a  local  meaning. 
Its  medieval  forms  are  De  la  Slo,  Ad  le 
Slow,  or  De  la  Slou.  H.R.  Its  meaning 
appears  to  be  A-Sax.  slog,  0.  Eng.  slogke,  a 
bog  or  muddy  pit — a  slough. 

SLOWBURN.  Local:  "the  sluggish 
rivulet." 

SLOWMAN.  1.  A  man  of  saturnine 
temjjerament.  2.  The  same  as  Sloman.  3. 
More  probably  from  Slow.  See  Slow  and 
the  termiuation  :MAy. 

SLUCE.  A  sluice,  or  outlet  for  water. 
Several  places  are  specifically  called  "  the 
sluice." 

SLY.  The  epithet  shj  did  not  primarily 
imply  anything  dishonourable;  though 
like  '  crafty  '  and  '  cunning,'  it  has  since 
come  to  be  taken  in  a  bad  sense.  Though 
the  family  did  not  "  come  in  with  Richard 
Conqueror,"  the  Tinker  is  quite  right 
in  asserting  that  "  the  Slysare  no  rogues.'" 
(Taming  of  the  Shrew.  Induct.)  for  as  Mr. 
C.  Knight  observes,  "  the  Slys  or  Sleighs 
Averc  sldlfid  men — cunning  of  hand.  We 
are  Informed,"  he  adds,  "  that  Sly  was 
anciently  a  common  name  in  Shakspeare's 
own  town." 

SLYBODY.  Slytbody  occurs  in  Sussex 
in  the  XIII.  century.  It  has  been  inter- 
preted by  the  tailors'  phrase,  "  long  in  the 
foa'k,"  though  it  more  probabl}'  means 
slight,  or  meagre  in  i^erson.  Four  centuries 
later,  it  occurs  in  the  same  county  as  Slj'- 
body ;  but  this  form  reminds  us  more  of  a 
moral  characteristic. 

SMALE.     An  archaic  spelling  of  Small. 

SMALL.  Diminutive  in  jierson— equiva- 
lent to  Little.  Petit,  &c. 

SMALBYHYND.   John  Smalbyhind  oc- 


SMI 


319 


SMI 


cars  in  good  comjiany,  and  evidently  not 
ashamed  of  his  name",  in  deeds  temp.  Rich. 
II.,  1379.  It  is  not  probable  that  he  was 
of  Dutch  extraction. 

SMALLBACK.  Possibly  local  :  "  the 
small  hccli  or  stream." 

SMALLBONES.  Tliis  name  occurs  in 
tlie  records  of  Leicester  in  tlie  XIII.  cent,, 
and  in  the  Loud.  Direct,  of  the  XIX.  It 
probably  refers  to  osseous  slcnderness. 

SINIALLEY.  O.  Norse,  small,  a  shep- 
herd.    Ferguson. 

SIMALLMAX.  A  person  of  diminutive 
stature.     H.R.  Smaleman. 

S:^IALLWOOD.  A  township  in  the 
parish  of  Astbury,  co.  Cheshire. 

S.M  ALL  WRITER.  Apparently  a  trans- 
lation of  the  old  name  Petyclerk.  See 
Clark.  The  H.R.  forms  are  Smalwriter  and 
Smalwyritere. 

SMART.  Quick,  active.  Smert,  pro- 
bably a  Saxon,  is  mentioned  in  Domesday, 
and  hence  it  was  doubtless  a  personal 
name.  Smart  appears  without  prefix  in 
H.R.,  as  also  does  Smartknave,i.e.  "Quick 
or  handy  servant." 

SiNIEATON.     A  parish  and  a  township 

of  Yorkshire. 
SMEE.     A  mis-pronunciation  of  Snieeth. 
SMEED.     See  Smeeth. 

SINIEETPL  A  parish  in  Kent  is  specifi- 
cally so  called.  In  Norfolk  any  flat  plain 
bears  this  name.     A-Sax.  smaeth. 

Sr^IEETON.  X  township  in  Leicester- 
shire. 

S:MELLIE.  May  be  from  the  A-Sax. 
smel,  another  form  of  Small.     Ferguson. 

SMELT.  A-Sax.  mild,  gentle.  A  priest 
mentioned  in  the  Codex  Diplomaticus  bore 
this  appropriate  name.  H.E.  Smelt, 
Sraelte. 

S:\IER  D  ox.  Possibly  Smarden,  a  parish 
in  Kent. 

SMETHURST.  Local.  See  Smeeth, 
and  Hurst.     "  The  wood  of  the  plain." 

SIMILES.  This,  I  learn,  is  a  modern  in- 
vention, the  original  name  having  been 
Smellie. 

SINIIJTH.  In  their  desire  to  get  away 
from  the  common,  plebeian,  and  non-des- 
criptive Smith,  many  people  have,  within 
the  present  century,  Smyth'd  and  Smythed 
themselves.  One  family  (and  that  a 
baronet's  of  1G61)  go  farther,  and  smldge 
themselves  into  Smijth.  We  look  into  a 
baronetage  of  to-day,  and  we  are  told  that 
one  John  Smijth,  the  founder  of  the  house, 
was  high  sheriff  of  Essex  and  Hertford  in 
the  reign  of  Henry  VIII. ;  but  on  turning 
to  Kimber,  published  in  1771,  we  find  no 
trace  whatever  of  a  Smijth,  the  baronet  of 
the  period  being  written  Smyth,  while  by 
going  three  generations  farther  back  we 
arrive  at  plain   Smith  !     It  is  difficult  to 


guess  how  the  IJ  came  to  supplant  the  Y,  a 
cliange  offensive  alike  to  eye  and  car.  A 
facetious  friend  suggests  that  the  Mr. 
Smith  of  the  '  transition  '  period,  having 
substituted  y  for  i  was  so  much  delighted, 
that  lie  sought  still  further  to  decorate  his 
name  by  adding  a  tittle  to  each  stroke  of 
the  y,  thus  producing  the  ij  of  the  existing 
Smyth  ! 

SINIITH.     In  entering   upon  the  illustra- 
tion of  this  surname,   I  feel  almost  over- 
come witli  the  magnitude   of  my  subject. 
Closely  connected  as  it  is  with  the  personal 
identity  of  thousands  upon   thousands  of 
my   countrymen,    enjoying  as  it  does  the 
proud  pre-eminence  of  being  the  commonest 
of  all  Englisli  surnames,  and  associated  as 
it  must  be  with  statistics,  with  anecdote, 
with   archreology,  witli  varieties  of  ortho- 
graphy, the  name  of  Smith  is  a  topic  which 
requires   no   common   handling.     AVhy,  it 
demands  a  separate  essay,  a  dissertation,  a 
volume,    to   do   it   anything  like  justice! 
Nay,  I  am  not  quite  sure  that  a  new  science 
to  be  designated  Sm  ithology  would  not  prove 
quite    as    instructive    as    many    existing 
olog'ws,   while   it  would  have  the  merit  of 
being  perhaps  more  amusing ;  assuredly  it 
would  come  home  both  to  "  the  business 
and  bosoms  "  of  a  vast  section  of  English- 
men.     And  I  might  go  further  afield  and 
trace  out  the  history  of  smith-craft  from 
the  days   of   Tubal-Cain — expatiate   upon 
the  labours  of  Vulcan,  of  Icarus,  of  Way- 
land  Smith,  and  of  St.  Dunstan — show  how 
men  lived  in  the  Iron  Age — bring  in  the 
classical  Fabri,  and  Fabricii,  the  Schmidts 
of   Germany,  the  Lefevres  of  France,  the 
Fabbroni  of  Ital)-,  and  the  Gowans  of  Scot- 
land, as  members  of  this  mighty  race — and 
deal  largely  in  irony  and  "  smith's-work  in 
general."     But  space  forbids,   and  I  must 
be  as  brief  as  possible.     Let  us  first  ham- 
mer  out  the   archeology  of  the    subject. 
The  word  smith,  then,  is  A-Sax.  from  smitan, 
to  smite — originally,  '"  any  one  who  strikes 
or  smites  with  a, hammer,  an  artificer,  a 
carpenter,  smith,  workman."      Eosworth. 
So  general  was  the  application  of  tlie  word, 
that   in   the  Saxon  Chronicle  we  find  the 
expression  "-mighty  war-smiths"  applied 
to  valorous  soldiers,  and  the  great  enemy  of 
mankind  is   called    "  hell-smith,"  though 
this  phrase,  being  also  applied   to  Vulcan, 
has  probably  a  direct  reference  to  "  smith- 
ery  "  in  the  modern  sense.  One  who  worked 
in  iron   was   called   ireii-smith,    an   iron- 
smitli.     In  later  times.  Smith  was  applied 
more   specifically   to  a  worker  in  metals, 
while  ivyrhta,  Wright,  was  the  name  given 
to  artificers  in   wood  and  other  materials. 
See  Wright. 

Besides  Smiths  simple,  we  have  Smith- 
sons  (the  heritors  of  the  thrice  noble  name 
of  Percy)  to  whom  the  Gaelic  Mac  Goivans 
correspond,  as  well  as  the  Smithmans  and 
Gros-smiths,  wlio  (if  the}'  have  not  cor- 
rupted their  spelling)  are  a  good  set-off 
against  the  Fabrucci,  or  "  little  Smiths  " 
of  Italian  celebrity.  But  we  have  many 
other  compounds  of  smith  which  we  shall 
here,  for  tlie  most  part,  dispose  of.     Black- 


SMI 


320 


SMI 


smith  and  Wldtesmitli  I  have  but  lately  dis- 
covered, and  they  are  very  rare.  The 
Hivivnsmith  was  one  who  prepared  the  far- 
famed  "brown  bills,"  once  more  formidable 
than  the  "Brown  Bess"  of  our  times. 
Nasmyth  is  nail-smith  or  nailer.  The 
Arronisimth  of  old  prepared  the  arrows,  as 
the  SpearsntltJt  did  tlie  spears  and  lances, 
in  the  days  of  Cressy  and  Poictiers.  The 
Shoesmith  toolv  care  of  liorses'  feet.  The 
Billsmith  made  bills  ;  and  the  Shearsmith 
shears ;  the  Knyfesmith,  knives  ;  the  Lock- 
smith, locks  and  keys,  in  old  times,  as  now. 
Goldsmiths  have  never  been  wanting  ;  and 
the  brass  and  copper  worlcers  of  ancient 
days  are  now  represented  in  family  nomen- 
clature b)'  the  Ai-smiths  (A- Sax.  «';■,  brass), 
and  the  Copperwrights.  "  Bohcll-smyths  " 
are  mentioned  in  the  quaint  poem  called 
"  Cock  Lorelles  Bote  "  in  conjunction  with 
"  blackesmythes  and  ferrars,"  and  hence, 
doubtless,  our  otherwise  unintelligible  ^(/c^- 
smith,  who  thus  proves  himself  next  of  kin 
to  the  Bucklers.  Elsewhere  I  liave  Iiazarded 
an  opinion  that  the  odd-looking  SuchsmWi 
and  Si.vsmifhs  were  plouglishare-makers, 
(Eng.  Sum.  i.  104)  but  fui'ther  reflection 
induces  me — though  this  is  inverting  the 
proper  order  of  things — to  turn  them  into 
sword-makers,  seax  being  the  A-Sax.  for  a 
small  sword  or  dagger.  Again,  the  obso- 
lete Hyldsmith  is  a  soldier,  being  a  com- 
pound of  the  A-Sax.  hild^  war,  battle.  One 
William  Hyldsmyth  dwelt  in  Cambridge- 
shire, temp.  Edward  I.     H.R. 

More  than  \\\o  hundred  years  ago,  old 
Yerstegau  asked  tlie  question — 

"  From  whence  comes  Smith,  all  be  he  Knight  or 

Squire, 
But  fi-om  the  Smith  that  forgeth  at  the  fire?" 

yet  it  would  appear,  from  the  addition  and 
alteration  of  a  letter,  that  some  fami- 
lies are  anxious  to  avoid  the  imputa- 
tion of  so  plebeian  an  origin.  It  will  not 
do,  however,  for  there  is  little  doubt  that 
all  the  Smithes,  Smitheses,  Smyths, 
Smythes,  and  Smijths,  came  originally 
from  the  furnace  and  the  forge,  thougli 
some  of  them  may  perhaps  attack  me  with 
"hammer  and  tongs  "  for  this  suggestion. 
In  France  the  same  fastidiousness  prevails 
on  this  subject,  and  Monsieur  Lefevre  (a 
word  now  supplanted  Ijy  forycron)  often 
writes  himself  Lefebvre.  I  know  a  baron 
who  goes  still  further,  and  is,  "  in  any  bill, 
warrant,  quittance,  or  obligation,"  Monsieur 
le  Baron  Lefebure  1 

The  following  remarkable  and  happy 
escape  from  Smithdoni  is  nari-ated  liy 
a  correspondent:  "In  the  last  century 
there  lived  at  Ellenhall,  in  Staffordshire, 
a  family  of  smnll  farmei-s  called  Smith. 
The  head  of  the  house  being  a  stout,  portly 
man,  obtained  among  his  neighbours  the 
by-name  of  John  Jolly.  His  sous,  in  the 
last  generation,  assumed  this  sobriquet  as 
their  surname,  and  by  it  alone  are  the 
family  now  recognised.  They  are  Smiths 
no  longer !  " 

"One  Smith"  is  a  not  very  exact  de- 
scription, yet  it  occurs  in  Domesday  Book 
under  Essex — "  Uaus  Fahev  qui  propter 
latrocinium   interfectus   fuit."      Kclham's 


theoiy  that  fahcr  means  either  a  smith  or 
carpenter,  does  not  hold  good,  for  many 
carpentarii  are  specifically  mentioned  in 
the  record,  and,  as  Sir  Henr}'  Ellis  has 
shown,  in  one  or  two  instances  the  fabri 
were  men  employed  in  fusing  or  working 
iron-ore.     Introd.  i.  92. 

There  are  many  Smithiana  in  Eng.  Surn. 
vol.  i.  pp.  99 — 10-1,  which  it  is  unnecessary 
to  repeat  liere.  But  I  will  add  one  more. 
When  the  late  Louis-Philippe,  in  1848, 
found  himself  safe  in  the  snug  hotel  at 
Kewhaven,  he  enquired  the  name  of  his 
hostess,  and  being  answered,  that  it  was 
Mrs.  Smitli,  his  fallen  majesty  quietly  re- 
marked :  "  Smith,  eh  bien,  I  think  I  have 
heard  that  name  before  ! "  He  had  ;  for  it 
was  the  very  alias  which  he  had  adopted, 
and  "  William  Smith"  was  written  upon 
the  passport  he  had  at  that  moment  in 
his  pocket ! 

The  statistics  of  Smithology  are  given 
somewhat  largely  in  the  XVI.  Annual 
Report  of  the  Regist.  Gen.,  from  which 
it  appears,  that  in  the  years  1838 — 
1854,  tlie  Smiths  registered  for  birtlis, 
marriages,  and  deaths,  amounted  to  286,307 
or  about  one  in  seventy  of  the  total  num- 
ber of  persons  registered.  Jones  is  the 
next  name  for  numerosity,  and  it  is  calcu- 
lated that  the  aggregate  of  Smiths  and 
Joneses  now  living  in  England  and  Wales 
exceeds  half  a  million,  of  whom  more  than 
a  quarter  of  a  million  must  consequently 
be  Smiths.  If  to  the  English  Smiths 
we  add  those  of  Scotland,  Ireland,  our 
great  colonies,  and  America  —  and  those 
of  America  alone,  it  has  been  jocosely 
stated,  would  more  than  fill  Boston 
Common — Ave  shall  probably  be  correct 
in  affirming,  that  since  the  world  began 
no  family  name  could  ever  vie  in  point 
of  numbers  with  the  immortal  tribe  of 
Smith. 

Perhaps  I  cannot  do  better  than  give  the 
curious  results  of  the  Eegistrar-General's 
statistical  analysis  of  the  Smiths  of  Eng- 
land and  Wales,  as  printed  in  the  Report 
above  alluded  to.  This  docimient  shows 
how  closely  the  Joneses  ai'e  treading  upon 
the  heels  of  the  ;S'?;(  itlis,  and  it  will  be  seen 
that,  not  very  long  ago,  an  alarmist  might 
liave  raised  the  cry  of  ''Smith  in  Banyer,''' 
when,  in  several  consecutive  years,  the 
Joneses  were  actually  at  the  head  of  the 
poll. 

"  The  surname  of  Smith  is  pre-eminently 
the  most  common  in  England,  as  that  of 
Jones  is  in  Wales ;  and  so  great  is  the 
multitude  of  the  Welsh  Joneses,  that  the 
latter  name  not  only  enters  into  compe- 
tition for  priority  in  point  of  numbers 
with  the  Smiths,  but  in  several  years  shows 
a  majority  o\'er  its  rival.  With  a  view  to 
determine  the  relative  frequency  of  these 
two  widely-spread  surnames,  I  have  ascer- 
tained the  numbers  of  each  entered  in  the  in- 
dexes during  the  years  1838-54.  The  result 
is  that  the  births,  deaths,  and  marriages  of 
the  Smiths  registered  in  this  period  were 
286,037,  and  those  of  the  Joneses  282,900, 
the  excess  in  favour  of  the  former  being 
3137   in   the   sc\'enteen   years.     Smith   is, 


SMI 


321 


SMY 


therefore,  unquestionably  the  most  common 
surname  amongst  us,  altliough  the  Joneses  are 
little  less  numerous,  and  in  six  of  the  years 
actually  contributed  to  the  registers  larger 
numbers  than  the  Smiths.  Together,  the 
bearers  of  these  two  common  names 
amounted  to  508,937,  or  1  in  3G  of  the 
whole  number  registered,  during  the  period 
referred  to.     (See  Table). 

"Assuming  that  the  persons  of  the  sur- 
names of  Smith  and  Jones  are  born,  marry, 
and  die  in  the  same  proportions  as  persous 
of  all  surnames,  it  will  follow  that  in  Eng- 
land and  Wales  there  are  not  less  than  half 
a  inillion  of  persons  bearing  one  or  other  of 
those  two  surnames.  The  Smiths  amount 
to  rather  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  million, 
and  the  Joneses  to  little  less  ;  together 
forming  no  inconsiderable  portion  of  the 
English  population.  These  numbers  re- 
present, on  the  assumption  that  the  average 
number  of  persons  in  a  family  is  the  same 
as  in  the  whole  jjopulation  at  the  census, 
Tiz.  4-8  persous,  about  53,000  families  of 
Smiths,  and  51,000  families  of  Joneses  ;  aud 
to  give  an  illustration  of  their  numerical 
power,  it  may  be  stated  that  these  two 
great  ti-ibes  are  probably  sufticieutlj'  nu- 
merous to  people  the  four  towns  of 
Birmingham,  Bristol,  Leeds,  aud  Hull, 
without  any  addition  of  persons  of  other 
surnames." 

" Number  of  Petssoss  of  the  respectn-e  Smnaraes  of 
Smith  and  Jones  contained  in  the  Eegistration 
Indexes  of  Births,  Deaths,  and  Jlarriages,  m  each 
of  the  Years  183S— 34. 

Difference. 
More        More 
No.  of  the    No.  of  the  Smiths    Joneses 
Surn.  of      Surn.  of      than         tlian 
Yrs.         Smith.         Jokes.    Joneses.  Smiths. 

1838  14,891    14,414    477     — 

1839  14,905    15,096     —    191 

1840  15.483    1G,256     —    773 

1841  15,237    15,539     —    302 

1842  15,315    15,437     —    122 

1843  15,841    15,554    287     — 

1844  16,203    15,932    271     — 

1845  16,633    16,676     —     43 

1846  17,299    17,177    122     — 

1847  16,917    17,296     —    379 

1848  17,313    16,958    355     — 

1849  18,091    17,677    414     — 

1850  17,405    17,135    270     — 

1851  18,156    17,525    G31     — 

1852  18,564    17,649    915     — 

1853  18,775    17,926    849     — 

1854  19,009    18,653    356     — 


Total  - 
Joneses  - 


-  286,037 

-  282,900 


282,900 


4,947   1,810 

-  1,810 

-  3,137." 


Excess  of  Smiths  3,137  -     -     - 

In  addition  to  the  Smiths  proper,  there 
are  some  families  passing  under  other 
names,  who  are  in  their  origin,  genuine 
members  of  this  great  tribe  ;  for  example, 
Forge,  anciently  written  Atte-Forge,  is 
on]}'  a  localized  form  of  the  word,  for  we 
may  becertain  that  the  first  Mr.  Atte  Forge 
was  a  man  of  the  hammer ;  and  it  also 
appears  pretty  clear  that  many  of  our 
Whites  are  but  Smiths  in  disguise.  See 
White. 

Two  or  three  similar  names  may  here  be 
disposed  of.  Sm.ithett  looks  like  a  neat 
diminutive;  but  Smyth)/  and  Smi/thies  have 
decidedly   the   smcJl   of  the    blacksniith'.s 


shop.     Smecth,    on   the  other  hand,  is  a 
local  surname  from  a  parish  in  Kent. 

"  We  all  know  Smith,  and  we  have  a  great  regard 
for  him.  A  most  excellent  fellow  is  Smith,  but  such 
a  Proteus.  Think  of  Smith,  and  twenty  individuals 
are  presented  to  your  mind's  eye  at  once.  Smith  the 
soldier ;  Smith  tlie  sailor ;  Smith  the  country-clergy- 
man ;  Smith  the  engineer  in  the  Russian  service ; 
Smith  with  whom  you  made  acquaintance  at  Naples  ; 
Smith  that  never  goes  out  of  London ;  Smith  of 
Cmwrlr  Castle,  North  Wales ;  and  your  old  college 
friend  Smith.  There  is  something  nebulous  in  the 
very  name.  The  learned  Jesuit,  Matthew  Wilson, 
who  could  not  be  concealed  under  the  assumed  name 
of  Ed'ward  ICnott,  found  an  effectual  incognito  as  Nic. 
Smith.  Is  there,  then,  no  way  in  which  a  man  bear- 
ing the  name  of  Smith  may  possess  individuality  and 
identity?  Surely  it  rests  with  the  parents,  .Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Smith ;  and  the  place  where  the  object  may 
best  be  secured  is  the  baptismal  font.  If  the  name 
of  Smith  be  no  identification,  at  least  let  the  sponsorial 
name  be  distinctive.  Beware  of  John  and  William  ;  a 
man  might  as  well  be  anoynmous  at  once  as  John 
Smith  or  William  Smith.  Rather  select  such  names 
as  are  of  more  rare  occurrence.  Let  it  be  Protheroe 
Smith,  Aquila  Smith,  Egerton  Smith.  In  short, 
Horace,  Sydney,  Harry,  Albert,  Rowland,  Herbert, 
Frank,  Hugh,  Lawrence,  Caleb,  Adam ;  all  answer 
the  purpose  of  specification ;  each  identifies  Smith. 
Yet  while  seeming  individuality  avoid  peculiarity : 
Seth  Smith  is  a  combination  which  breaks  the  teeth." 
Thos.  Boys  in  N.  and  Q.,  Aug.  20, 1859. 

According  to  another  correspondent  of 
N.  and  Q.,  Oct,  15,  1859,  there  is  a  German 
society  at  Albany,  U.  S.,  in  which  the 
Smiths  are  so  numerous  that  they  are  dis- 
tinguished by  descriptive  epithets  and 
phrases,  in  the  following  manner  : — 

"  Big  Smit. 
Little  Smit. 
Smit  from  de  hill. 
Smit  from  de  holler. 
Smit  mit  de  store. 
Smit  dc  blacksmit. 
Smit  mit  de  lager  bier  shop. 
Smit  without  any  "  vrow." 
Smit  wot  \vants  a  "  vrow." 
Smit  mit  one  leg. 
Smit  mit  two  legs. 
Smit  mit  de  pigs. 
Smit  mit  de  pig  head. 
Smit  mit  de  pig  feet. 
Smit  mit  de  brick-yard. 
Smit  mit  de  junk-shop. 
Smit  mit  de  bolognas. 
Smit  mit  one  eye. 
Smit  mit  two  eyes. 
Smit  mit  de  bone-picker. 
Smit  mit  two  "  vrows." 
Smit  mit  de  swill-cart. 
Smit  mit  de  segar  stumps. 
Smit  mit  peach  pits. 
Smit  mit  de  whiskers. 
Smit  rait  de  red  hail-. 
Smit  mit  no  hair. 
Smit." 

SMITHERS.  Smither,  from  a  distich 
in  the  '  Anturs  of  Arther '  cited  by  Halli- 
well,  appears  to  mean  light,  active. 

"  Gawan  was  smyther  and  smerte, 
Owte  of  his  sterroppus  he  sterte." 

SiMlTHSON.  The  son  of  a  smith.  So 
Cooksou,  Wrightson,  &c. 

SMOOKER.  A  provincial  pronunciation 
of  Smoker.  "  At  Preston,  before  the  pass- 
ing of  the  Reform  Bill  in  1832,  every  per- 
son who  had  a  cottage  with  a  chimney, 
and  used  the  latter,  had  a  vote,  and  was 
called  a  Smoker."     Halliwell. 

SMOOTPIMAN.     A  flatterer. 

S^IYTII.        An     old     ortliography     of 

Smith. 


SNO 


322 


SOL 


SMYTHE.     An  old  form  of  Smith. 

SNARE.  1.  Possibly  from  the  Snar,  a 
small  river  of  Lanarkshii'e.  2.  A-Sax. 
snear,  agile  or  strong. 

SNASHALL.  A  corruption  of  seneschal, 
a  steward, 

SNEAD,  1.  "A  sndd  or  smd  of  land 
betokens  a  piece  of  ground  within  defined 
limits,  but  without  enclosures ;  public 
Avoods  and  pasture  grounds,  whose  boun- 
daries are  fixed  by  uotclies  on  trees  and 
stakes."  Leo's  A-Sax.  Nomenclature.  The 
exj^ression,  a  sncath  of  land,  occurs  in  a 
Norfolk  document  dated  1699.  2.  Perhaps 
the  same  as  Sneyd. 

SNEED.     See  Snead. 

SNEEZUM.  A  corruption  of  Snetisham, 
a  i^arish  in  Norfolk. 

SNELGAR.  Probably  an  old  personal 
name  from  the  A-Sax.  snell,  swift  or  brave, 
and  gar,  a  spear. 

SNELGROVE.  Local  :  "  the  grove 
that  grows  quickly  or  strongly  1  "  See 
Snell. 

SNELL.  A-Sax.  snell,  quick,  actiA'c, 
bold,  brave.  Snelling  and  Suelson  are  its 
patronymics.  Both  were  in  use  before  the 
Conquest. 

SNELLING.  See  Snell.  Snellinc  is 
found  in  Domesday,  as  a  previous  tenant. 

SNELSON.  L  See  Snell.  2.  A  town- 
ship  in  Cheshire. 

SNEPP.  Qy.  Snnpe,  a  parisli  In  Suilblk, 
and  a  toAvnship  in  Yorkshire. 

SNEYD.  A  parish  in  Shropshire,  and 
a  hamlet  in  the  parish  of  Tanstall,  co. 
Staflbrd.  From  the  latter  the  family 
designated  "  the  noble  race  of  Siieyds,  of 
great  worship  aud  accouut,"  derive  their 
origin.  They  were  seated  there  temp. 
Henry  III.  By  marriage  with  the  heiress 
of  Tunstall  they  acquired  other  lands  in 
that  parisli,  and  for  two  generations  they 
were  called  Sneyd  alias  Tunstall.  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

The  arms  of  this  famil}'  are  a  "  curiosity 
of  heraldry,"  being  partly  of  the  allusive 
kind,  aud  consisting  of  a  scythe  and  a 
fleur-de-lis.  The  pun  is  in  the  handle  of 
the  scythe,  provincially  called  a  snead  (A- 
Sax.  sncsd.')  The  fleur-de-lis  is  traditionally 
said  to  have  been  added  to  the  coat  by 
Richard  de  Tunstall,  alias  Sneyd,  after  the 
battle  of  Poicticrs ;  but  I  should  rather 
consider  it  to  have  been  part  of  the  original 
device,  and  to  have  an  allegorical  reference 
to  the  mortality  of  man — "  the  flower  of 
the  field,"  which  "  in  the  evening  is  cut 
down  and  withereth." 

SNOD GRASS.  "  Trimmed,  or  smooth, 
grass;"  a  local  name, 

SNOOKS.      "  This   name,    so   generally 
associated  Avith  vulgarity,  is  only  a  corrup- 
tion or  contraction   of   Seveuoaks."     The 
-  Kentish     town     is     usually    pronounced 


Se'noaks,  and  "  the  further  contraction, 
coupled  with  the  phonetic  spelling  of  for- 
mer days,  easily  passed  into  S' nooks. 
Messrs.  Sharp  and  Harrison,  solicitors,  of 
Southampton,  had  in  their  possession  a 
series  of  deeds  in  which  all  the  modes  of 
spelling  occur  from  Sevenoakes  down  to 
S'nokes,  in  connection  with  a  family  now 
known  as  Snooks."  Notes  and  Queries, 
vol.  V.  p.  438.  A  Sussex  family,  in  the 
early  jiart  of  the  last  century,  bore  the  name 
of  Snooke.  Sevenoke,  the  early  ortho- 
graphy of  the  town,  has  also  been  modified 
to  Sinnock  and  Cennick. 

SNOW.  "  Snow  is  the  same  name  as 
that  of  an  old,  pel  haps  a  mythical,  king  of 
Denmark.  Some  old  German  names  are 
compounded  with  it;  and  perhaps  Snow- 
ball may  be  of  similar  origin — bald  or  hall, 
bold."  Ferguson.  I  am  disposed,  how- 
ever, to  refer  Snowball  to  the  same  class  as 
Peppercorn,  Pluckrose,  PuUrose,  &c.,  as 
derived  from  old  feudal  tenures.  Blount 
records  the  holding  of  certain  lands  by  the 
jjayment  of  "  one  red  rose  at  Chri.itmas, 
and  one  snowhall  at  Slidsummer,''  which 
in  the  old  unluxurious  days,  before  conser- 
vatories and  ice-houses  were  invented, 
must  have  caused  the  tenant  many  an 
anxious  thought  as  to  the  means  of  "  rais- 
ing his  rent." 

SNOWBALL.     See  with  Snow. 

SNOWDON.  SNOWDEN.  This  ra- 
ther common  surname  is  not  likely  to  have 
been  derived  from  the  famous  AVelsh  moun- 
tain. It  is  probably  the  name  of  some 
English  locality. 

SNOWSHILL.  A  parish  in  co.  Glou- 
cester. 

SOAM.  Soham,  one  of  the  three  parishes 
in  Suffolk  so  called. 

SOAMES.     A  pluralization  of  Soam. 

SOAR.     A  river  of  Leicestershire. 

SOBER.  Of  grave  and  sedate  charac- 
ter. 

SOCKETT.  An  alias  for  the  parish  of 
Playden,  co.  Sussex. 

SOCKMAN.  The  sochemun  or  soclie- 
mannus,  so  frequently  occurring  in  Domes- 
day, was  an  inferior  land-owner,  who  had 
possessions  in  the  solie  or  fi-anchise  of  a 
great  baron.  Nichols'  Leicestersh.  At  Wal- 
cote,  CO.  Lincoln,  a  Sockman  held  his  lands 
by  the  tenure  of  ploughing  with  two  oxen. 
Ellis,  Introd.  Domesd. 

SODEN.     See  Sudden. 

SOLE.  1.  Two  small  rivers  in  Scotland 
are  so  called.  2.  Sola  and  Sol  were  Ger- 
man names  of  the  VIII.  and  IX.  centuries. 
Ferguson.  One  Sol  was  a  tenant  in  Here- 
fordshire before  the  making  of  Domes- 
day. 

SOLO^MON.  SOLOMONS.  The  per- 
sonal name.  As  a  surname  it  is  principally 
confined  to  the  Jews. 


SON 


323 


SOP 


A   parish  in  Derby- 
A  corruption  of  Somer- 


SOLTAU.  George  William  Soltan, 
Esq.,  who  was  naturaHzed  liy  Act  of  Par- 
liament, 17.  George  III.,  was  son  of  Martin- 
William  Soltaii,  burgomaster  of  Bergedorf. 
B.L.G. 

SOMERBY.  Parishes  in  cos.  Lincoln 
and  Leicester. 

SOMERFIELD.     See  Somervllle. 

SOMERS.  Appears  to  be  the  genitive 
form  of  some  Teutonic  personal  name, 
from  which  many  local  names  have  origi- 
nated ;  as  Somerby,  Somershall,  Somerford, 
Somercoates,  Sec. 

SOMERSET.  This  is  one  of  the  few 
instances  of  a  surname  having  been  bor- 
rowed from  a  title.  Henry  Beaufort,  third 
Duke  of  Somerset  (great-grandson  of  John 
of  Gaunt),  who  was  beheaded  in  MG3,  for 
his  adherence  to  the  cause  of  King  Henry 
VI.,  left  issue  a  natural  son.  Sir  Charles 
Somerset,  Knight  of  the  Garter.  He  was 
elevated  to  the  peerage,  and  his  lineal  des- 
cendant, Henry  Marquis  of  Worcester,  was 
created  Duke  of  Beaufort  in  1G82.  Thus,  in 
the  same  blood,  the  surname  and  the  title 
have  changed  places,  and  instead  of  Beau- 
fort, Duke  of  Somerset,  we  have  Somerset, 
Duke  of  Beaufort. 

SO^IERSHALL. 

shire. 

SOMERVATL. 
ville. 

SOMERVELL.  A  corruption  of  Soraer- 
ville. 

SO^IERVILLE.  The  progenitor  of  the 
noble  family  was  Walter  de  Soraerville,  lord 
of  Wichnor,  &c.,  in  Staffordshire,  and  of 
Aston-Somerville,  in  Gloucestershire,  who 
came  into  England  with  William  the  Con- 
queror, and  left  two  sons  who  became  an- 
cestors respectively  of  the  English  and  of 
the  Scottish  Somervilles.  Peerage.  This 
name  has  been  anglicized  to  Somerfield. 

SO:\IMERLAT.  An  ancient  personal 
name,  very  rarely  met  with  as  a  surname. 
(There  is  "one  bearer  of  it  in  the  London 
Directory  for  1859.)  It  occurs  in  Domes- 
day as  Summerled,  and  the  owner  was  a 
holder  of  lands  prior  to  the  Survey. 
Somerled,  Thane  of  Argyle,  and  King  of 
the  Isles,  the  founder  of  the  clan  Mac- 
donald,  flourished  in  the  XII.  century. 

SOININER.  A  snraraoner,  or  apparitor, 
attached  to  a  court  of  law.  For  a  lively 
picture  of  a  somjjnour,  see  Chaucei",  Pro- 
logue to  Cant.  Tales,  quoted  in  Eng.  Sum. 
i.  129. 


SON.  An  exceedingly  common  ter- 
mination in  English  family  nomencla- 
ture. A  popular,  but  very  erroneous, 
notion  prevails,  that  it  indicates  a  Da- 
nish extraction.  I  am  astonished  to 
find  Worsaae  in  his  Danes  in  England 
(page 80)  asserting,  that  -'the  ending .?()» 
or  sen  (a  son)  is  quite  peculiar  to  the 
countries  of  Scandinavia,  whence  it  was 
brought  over  to  England  by  the  Scandi- 


navian Conquests ;"  and  further,  that 
such  endings  '•  never  appear  in  Saxon 
names."    It  is  true  that  the  usual  prac- 
tice amongthc  Anglo-Saxonswas  to  affix 
the  word  ing,  implying  offspring  or  pro- 
geny, to  the  proper  name  of  the  father, 
but  it  is  equally  true  that  such  names 
as  Leofwine  Boudansunu  (the  son  of 
Boudan),  Alwinus  Idessone  (the  son  of 
Ida)  occur  among  that  people.      Eng. 
Sum.  i.  23,  30.     Such  names  as  Adam- 
son,  Jackson,  &c.,  quoted  by  Worsaae, 
did  not  become  hereditary,  if  they  were 
even  known  at  all,  before  the  XIII.  cen- 
tury, two  or  three  hundred  years  after 
the  importation   of   the    Scandinavian 
element.     I  do  not  deny  that  Ericsou, 
Hardingson,  and  other  similar  names  of 
Danish  original,  existed  in  England  in 
the  XI.  century — perhaps  earlier — but 
they  were  not  hereditary  until  long  after- 
wards, and  any  attempt  to  shew  that  the 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  Englishmen 
whose  names  terminate  in  Soj^",  are  of 
Danish  or  Norwegian  blood,  must  there- 
fore be  futile.    To  explain  the  existence 
of  such  names  as  those  last  quoted  in 
our    modern   famil}''  nomenclature,     I 
would   observe :    I.     That  personal   or 
Christian  names  when  once  introduced 
into  this  country,  were  very  likely  to 
become  perpetuated  by  the  spirit  of  imi- 
tation among  persons  who  were  stran- 
gers in  blood  to  the  introducers,  as  well 
as  among  their  own  descendants :  wit- 
ness such  names  as  Frederick,  Lewis, 
Albert,    in  comj'jarativcly  recent  times. 
II.  When,  in  process  of  time,  hereditary 
surnames  began  to  prevail  throughout 
Christendom,  many  assumed  the  jMitro- 
nyviical  form,  and  in  England  Sos  was 
the  affix  employed.     So  i)revalent  was 
this  fashion  in  the  XIV.  century,  that 
there  was  scarcely  any  Christian  name 
in  use  that  did  not  become  a  surname 
by  this   addition,  whether  such  name 
was  of  Saxon,  French,  Flemish,  or  Da- 
nish birth.   No  evidence  as  to  race,  then, 
can  be  adduced  from  this  termination. 
"WTiile  our  ancestors  were  thus  making 
the  personal  names  of  heads  of  families 
with  the  aflix  SON^  persistent  and  gen- 
eric appellatives,  the  same  process  was 
going  on  in  other  countries.     The  O's 
and  Alacs  in  Ireland  and  Scotland,  the 
solins  of  Germany,  the  sens  of  Sweden, 
&c.,   may  be   mentioned   as   examples. 
As  I  have  elsewhere  stated,   "  the  ter- 
mination so)i  is  found  in  most  languages 
of  Gothic  origin." 

See  the  articles  0',  MAC,  FiTZ,  Ap. 

Sometimes  this  termination  was  af- 
fixed to  the  title,  occupation,  or  condition 
of  the  father,  and  not  to  his  personal 
name;  as  Dukeson,  Cookson,  Clarkson, 
Smithson,  Wrightson,  Hindson,  Stew- 
ardson. 

SOXGSTER.  From  the  vocal  accom- 
plishment.    See  Sangster. 

SOPER.  A  soap-boiler.  A  maker  of 
this  article  is  still  called  a  socqjer  in  Aber- 
deenshire.    Jamieson. 


sou 


324 


SPE 


SOPPET.  A  known  corruption  of  Sop- 
worth. 

SOPWITH.  A  corruption  of  Sopworth, 
a  parish  in  Wiltshire. 

SORE.  SOREL.  "  A  sta?  of  four 
years  old  is  called  a  sore,  and  of  three  a 
sorel ;  and  so  named  from  their  colour."  It 
lias  been  explained  as  si/b-i'iifi/s,  nearly,  or 
approaching  to,  red.     Richardson. 

SOREL.  An  ancient  French  name,  borne 
by  the  celebrated  Agnes  Sorel,  mistress  to 
king  Charles  VII.     See  Sore. 

SORRELL.     See  Sorel. 

SORTAIN.  Soartin,  or  Soartinus,  is 
found  in  the  Domesday  of  Hampshire ; 
but  the  few  existing  Englishmen  of  the 
name  descend  from  ancestors  who  settled 
in  England  after  the  Revocation  of  the 
Edict  of  Nantes,  1685,  and  are  of  the  same 
familj'  as  M.  Sortin,  one  of  the  ministers 
of  Louis  XVI.,  who  was  beheaded  in  the 
French  Revolution.  The  surname  Sartain 
occurs  in  America. 

SOTCHER.  Lazv,  effeminate.  Jamie- 
son. 

SOTHCOTT.     See  Southcote. 

SOTHEBY.  Probably  Sotby,  a  parish 
in  Lincolnshire. 

SOTHERAN.  A  corruption  of  Sotlier- 
ton,  a  parish  in  Suffolk. 

SOUL.  SOULE.  Not  improbably  from 
SouUe,  a  town  and  river  in  the  department 
of  La  Manclie  in  Normandy. 

SOULBY.  A  chapelry  in  Westmore- 
land. 

SOUNTINa.  Sompting,  co.  Sussex,  a 
place  remarkable  for  its  Saxon  church,  is 
so  pronounced. 

SOUR.  1.  Ill-tempered.  2.  Camden 
places  it  among  rivers.     Le  Sour.  H.R. 

SOUTER.  SOUTAR.  A-Sax.  sniere, 
from  Lat.  sutor.  A  shoemaker.  Still  in 
use  in  Scotland. 

SOUTH.     See  under  A^orth. 

SOUTH  ALL.     A  village  in  Middlesex. 

SOUTHAM.  A  town  in  co.  Warwick, 
and  a  hamlet  iu  co.  Gloucester. 

SOUTHCO^IB.  From  records  in  the 
possession  of  the  family,  they  appear  to  have 
sprung  from  the  Combes,  or  De  la  Combes, 
of  Somersetshire.     B.L.G. 

SOUTHCOTE.  Southcot,  a  Ijthing 
near  Reading,  co.  Berl^s. 

SOUTHDEA^T.  Local  :  "  the  southern 
valley." 

SOUTHERDEN.  A  manor  in  Kent,  in 
or  near  Boughton  Malherbe.  Hasted  v 
405. 

SOUTHERWOOD.  Local  :  the  "south- 
ern  wood." 

SOUTHGATE.  See  under  Eastgate. 
In  the  records  of  Leicester,    a  person  is 


described  as  "  Walter  fil'  Galf  ext.  Portam 
de  Sud" — '  Walter  son  of  Geoffrey  beyond 
the  South  Gate.'     XII.  cent. 

SOUTHWELL.  The  family  are  of  great 
antiquity  in  Nottinghamshire,  where  they 
were  lords  of  Southwell,  till  the  reign  of 
Henry  VI.  They  afterwards  settled  in  Nor- 
folk and  Suffolk,  whence  the  ancestor  of 
the  Viscount  Southwell  removed  to  Ire- 
land temp.  James  I.     Peerage. 

SOUTHWOOD.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

SOWERBY.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Cum- 
berland, York,  Westmoreland,  &c. 

SOWLE.     See  Soul. 

SOWTER.     Sec  Souter. 

SOWTON.     A  parish  in  co.  Devon. 

SPADER.     A  digger  and  delver. 

SPAIN.  SPAYNE.  [May  have  had 
several  distinct  origins,  from  as  many 
early  settlers.  The  Essex  family  of  His- 
paine,  or  Spayne,  were  descendants  of 
Alured  Hispanieusis,  or  De  Ispania,  wdio 
at  the  Domesday  survey  was  a  tenant  in 
chief  in  various  counties.  Morant's  Essex, 
ii.,  p.  363. 

SPALDING.     A  parish  in  co.  Lincoln. 

SPANKIE.  Sprightly;  frisking;  dash- 
ing; gaudy.     Jaraieson. 

SPARHA]\I.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

SPARK.         .SPARKE.        SPARKES. 

SPABKS.  I  think  the  former  two  must 
represent  an  old  personal  name — the  latter 
two  its  genitive  form.  Sparkford  and 
Sparkenhoe,  names  of  places,  may  be  from 
the  same  source. 

SPARLING.     Germ,  sperlhig,  a  sparrow. 

SPARROAV.  The  bird.  The  Sparrows 
of  Gosfield,  co.  Essex,  trace  their  pedigree 
to  William  Sparrow,  of  West  Harling,  co. 
Norfolk,  temp.  Edward  III.     B.L.G. 

SPARROWHAWK.  An  ancient  name 
of  frequent  occurrence  in  medieval  records. 
As  a  personal  name  it  was  common  at  the 
epoch  of  the  Conquest,  there  being  several 
Domesday  tenants  so  called,  in  the  Saxon 
form  of  Sparhavoc. 

SPARSHOT.  Sparsholt,  parishes  in 
Berkshire  and  Hampshire. 

SPARY.     See  Sperry. 
SPAWFORTH.     See  Spofforth. 

SPEAK.  SPEAKE.  1 .  Speke,  a  town- 
ship in  Lancashire.     2.  See  Speke. 

SPEAR.  From  the  weapon  ;  like  Sivord, 
Pike,  &c. 

SPPjARjMAN.  a  soldier  ;  one  who  car- 
ried a  spear — the  '  lancer'  of  the  medieval 
period.  The  w^ord  was  in  use  at  the  time  of 
the  introduction  of  the  authorized  version 
of  the  Bible. 

"The  S2Jca7-s  were  heavy-armed  cavalry." 
Halliwell. 


STE 


3-25 


sri 


The  Spearmans  of  Northumberland  were 
a  petty  clan,  retainers  of  the  Percys.  See 
Bowman. 

2.  B.L.G.  mentions  "  the  Spearmans  of 
Dunnington,  in  Salop,"  as  "  seated  there 
since  the  Conquest,  and  said  to  be  de- 
scended from  the  old  Lords  of  AsjJramont." 

SPEARS^IITII.     See  under  Smith, 

SPEECHLY.  SPEECHLEY.  Spetch- 
ley,  a  parish  in  Worcestershire. 

SPEED.  SPEEDS.  Probably  have 
reference  to  the  swiftness  of  the  original 
bearers. 

SPEER.     See  Spear. 

SPEKE.  The  Spekes  of  Somersetshire 
descend  from  Richard  le  Espek,  who 
lived  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II.  Wem- 
worthy  and  Brampton,  in  Devonshire, 
were  the  original  seats,  but  temp.  Henry 
VI.  Sir  John  Speke  married  the  heiress  of 
Beaiichamp,  and  so  obtained  Whitelacking- 
ton,  CO.  Somerset,  which  continued  to  be 
the  abode  of  his  male  descendants  for  eleven 
generations.  Shirley's  Xoble  and  Gentle 
]Men.     1  am  unable  to  explain  Le  Espek. 

SPELLER.  Doubtless  the  same  as  Spel- 
man. 

SPELMAX.  Camden  says,  "a  learned 
man ;"  but  more  probably  either  a  man 
who  works  by  spells,  or  turns,  with  another, 
or  a  worker  of  spells  or  charms.  See  Eng. 
Sum.,  i.  113. 

SPEXCE.  I.  The  same  as  Spens.  2. 
A  yard  or  enclosure. 

SPEXCER.  In  the  eighteentli  year  of 
William  the  Conqueror  lived  Robertus 
Dispensator,  otherwise  called  Le  Despencer, 
because  he  was  steward  to  the  king.  In 
the  reign  of  Henry  I.  there  were  a  William 
le  Despencer  and  a  Thurstan  Dispencer, 
but  whether  these  last  were  only  successors 
in  othce,  ov  actual  descendants  of  Robert  is 
not  known,  and  the  like  uncertainty  pre- 
vails as  to  subsequent  bearers  of  the  name. 
The  unpopular  Spencers  of  the  time  of 
Edward  II.  are  traced  by  genealogists  only 
to  the  reign  of  Henry  III.,  though  they 
may  have  been  of  much  older  date.  Earl 
Spencer's  family  "  claim  a  collateral  de- 
scent from  the  baronial  house,  a  claim 
which,  without  being  irreconcileable  perhaps 
with  the  early  pedigi'ees  of  that  family, 
admits  of  very  grave  doubts  and  con- 
siderable difficulties."  Shirley's  Nolile  and 
Gentle  Men.  The  Earl's  pedigree  is,  how- 
ever, clearly  traced  to  the  reign  of  Henry 
VI.  in  Northamptonshire. 

The  author  of  the  Fticry  Queen  boasted 
that  he  belonged  to  this  familj',  though 
"  the  precise  link  of  genealogical  connexion 
cannot  now  perhaps  be  ascertained." 
Baker's  Northamptonshire. 

SPEXS.  Jaraieson  gives  the  following 
definitions  of  Sjjcns.  1.  The  place  where 
provisions  are  kept.  2.  The  clerk  of  a 
Idtchen.  In  the  latter  sense  it  is  employed 
by  Wjmtoun.  It  is  an  ancient  surname  in 
Scotland.     The  Spenses  of  Lathallan  trace 


continuously  to  the  year  129G.  "The 
Count  de  Spens,  who  ranked  among  the 
first  of  the  Swedish  nobility,  and  was 
generalissimo  of  their  forces,  sprang  from 
this  family."     B.L.G. 

SPEXSER.  A  more  correct  orthography 
of  Spencer. 

SPERLIXG.  Descended  from  Henry 
Sperling,  a  German  Count  of  ancient 
family,  who  settled  at  Chigwell,  co.  Essex, 
in  the  last  century.  Germ,  sjjerlinff,  a 
sparrow. 

SPERRY.  An  ancient  Christian  name. 
The  Domesd.  of  Staffordshire  has  a  Sperri 
among  the  tenants  in  chief 

SPETTIGUE.  A  Cornish  local  name  ; 
place  unknown. 

SPICER.  O.  Fr.  espicier.  What  we 
now  call  a  grocer,  because,  ivter  alia,  he 
deals  in  figs  (f/rossi),  the  French  call  an 
ejncier,  or  spicer,  because  he  sells  spices, 
&c. 

SPICKERXELL.  A  corruption  of  Spl- 
guruell. 

SPIDER.     The  insect ;  a  sobriquet. 

SPIGURXELL.  Low  Latin  spignrnellus, 
"the  sealer  of  the  king's  writs:  from  the 
A-Sax.  sjjicurran,  to  inclose  or  shut  up." 
Jacob.  Galfridus  Spigurnell  took  his  sur- 
name from  this  office  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
IIL 

SPILLER.     The  same  as  Splllman. 

SPILLMAX.     1.  May  be  the  same  as 

Spelman.     2.    Perhai^s  either  a  maker  of 

laths  or  of  spindles,  sjnU  being  a  provin- 
cialism for  both  those  articles. 

SPILSBURY.  Spelsbury,  a  parish  in 
Oxfordshire. 

SPIXDLER.  A  maker  of  spindles,  an 
implement  used  in  making  thread. 

SPIXK.  In  England  the  chaffinch  ;  in 
Scotland  the  goldfinch. 

SPIXKE.    A  chaffinch;  a  goldfinch. 

SPIXKS.     See  Spink. 

SPIXXER.     The  occupation. 

SPIXXEY.  A  thicket ;  a  small  planta- 
tion. Halliwell.  Evidently  the  same  as  the 
Latin  spinetiim,  a  bushy  place,  or  patch  of 
thorns.  The  name  is  probably  only  another 
form  of  Thorne,  anciently  latinized  "  De 
Spineto."  In  Buckinghamshire,  however, 
sjjlnnei/  means  a  brook. 

SPIRE.  SPIRES.  A  city  in  Germany. 

SPIRIT.  The  records  of  the  Registrar- 
General  show  ns  the  names  of  Ghost  and 
Spirit.  They  were  most  probably  sobriquets, 
Jlr.  Ferguson,  however,  derives  the  latter 
from  the  A-Sax.  sjmnva,  a  spaiTOw. 

SPITAL,  A  contraction  of  hospikil,  a 
lazar-house,  or  asylum  for  the  poor,  of 
which  there  were  many,  upon  a  religious 
basis,  in  the  middle  ages.  Many  hainlet.? 
both  in  England  and  Scotland  are  so  called. 


SPR 


326 


ST  A 


SPITTAL.     SeeSpital. 

SPITTLE.  Spital,  a  contraction  of  hos- 
pital ;  a  common  name  of  localities. 

SriTTLEHOUSE.     See  Spital. 

SrOFFORD.     See  Spoiibrth. 

SPOFFORTH.  Gamelbar  de  SpofTord 
held  lands  at  Spofford,  or  Spoflbrth,  a 
parish  near  Wetherby,  co.  York.  Domes- 
day. Tlie  present  family  of  Spofforth  are 
authentically  traceable  to  -svitliin  a  few 
miles  of  that  place.     B.L.G. 

SPOOXEPt,  A  maker  of  spoons.  A  less 
desirable  derivation  is  from  A-Sax.  sj)6?icre, 
an  enticer  or  seducer,  from  spanan,  to 
allure. 

SPORLE.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

SPOTTISWOODE.  The  name  is  derived 
from  the  barony  of  Spottiswoode.  The 
family  were  benefactors  to  the  Abbeys  of 
Melrose  and  Kelso  in  early  times.  The 
humediate  ancestor  of  Spottiswoode,  still 
"  of  that  Ilk,"  was  Robert  de  Spottiswood, 
"who  was  born  in  the  reign  of  King  Alexan- 
der III.,  and  died  in  that  of  Robert  Bruce. 
B.L.G.  Spottiswood  is  in  the  parish  of 
Gordon,  co.  Berwick. 

SPRATLEY.  Probably  Sproatley,  a 
parish  in  Yorkshire. 

SPRATT.  The  hsh,  analogous  to  Her- 
ring, &c. 

SPRECKLEY.     The  same  as  Sprat! ey. 

SPRIGNELL.  A  corruption  of  Spigur- 
nell,  which  see. 

SPRING.     See  Times  and  Seasons. 

SPRINGER.  A  sobriquet  relating  to 
the  elasticity  of  the  first  bearer. 

SPRINGETT.  As  this  Kent  and  Sussex 
name  is  often  spelt  Springate,  it  is  probably 
local,  although  I  do  not  find  any  place  so 
designated. 

SPRINGLE.  Perhaps  Springkell,  a 
place  at  Kirkpatrick-Flemiug,  co.  Dum- 
fries. 

SPRINGTHORPE.  A  parish  in  Lin- 
colnshire. 

SPROSTON.  A  township  in  Cheshire, 
in  which  county  the  family  still  reside. 

SPROTT.  SPROAT.  One  Sprot, 
]5erhaps  a  Dane,  was  a  holder  of  lands  in 
cos.  Derby  and  York  before  the  making  of 
Domesday.  A- Sax.  sprcot,  a  spear  or  pike ; 
also  a  germ,  sprout,  or  sprig  of  anything. 
Comp.  littstllia  in  the  double  sense  of  spears 
and  sprouts  in  Virg.  Mn.  iii.  37,  &:c. 

SPROUT.  Probably  the  same  as  S^jrott, 
which  see. 

SPRY.  "The  name  of  Spry,  Sprey, 
Spray,  is  Cornish,  and  signifies  a  sprout, 
branch,  sprig,  or  slip  of  any  matter  or 
thing."  Hals,  in  D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall,  i. 
29, — a  very  wide  etymology.  In  the  dialect 
of  Somerset,  and  in  the  United  States, 
'  sp?"y  '  means  nimble,  active,  smart. 


FROM  THE    PYES    AND     THE   SPUYEi?,   GOOD 
LORD   DELIVER    US. 

According  to  Hals,  (as  above,  iii.  449)  these 
two  families  "turned  decimators  and 
sequestrators  upon  the  lands  and  revenues 
of  the  royalist  laity  and  clergj'  of  this 
county,  to  that  degree  of  hurt  and  damage 
that  it  occasioned  the  making  of  this  short 
Litany,  not  yet  forgotten  in  Cornwall." 

SPRYNGE.     See  Spring. 

SPURAWAY.  The  remarks  under 
'  Prickadvance,'  form  a  sufficient  illustra- 
tion, if  indeed  the  name  be  not  of  local 
origin.  See  Spurway.  Osbert  Spir-hayd 
occurs  as  the  name  of  a  person  in  a  medieval 
record.     N.  and  Q.,  Jan.  24,  1857. 

SPURLING.     Germ,  sperling,  a  sparrow. 

SPURR.  From  residence  at  the  spur,  or 
declivity,  of  a  hill. 

SPTTRRELL.  Probably  from  the  parish 
of  Sporle,  CO.  Norfolk. 

SPURRETT.  Probably  the  same  as 
Spirit. 

SPURRIER.     The  occupation  ;  a  maker 

of  spurs. 

SPURWAY^  1.  An  estate  in  co.  Devon, 
long  possessed  by  the  family.  2.  A-Sax. 
sjMrim,  a  sparrow.     Ferguson. 

SQUIRE.  SQUIRES.  The  attendant 
of  a  knight;  also  a  chief  servitor  or  mes- 
senger of  an  Abbey.  Chron.  Battel  Abbey, 
15. 217.     See  Arminger. 

SQUIRREL.  The  animal.  Probably 
the  sobriquet  of  an  active  jjerson. 

K^  ST.     For  names  compounded  with  the 
word  Saint,  see  under  SAINT. 

STABBACK.  Probably  local— the 
second  syllable  being  beck,  a  stream. 

STABLE.  1.  A  personal  name  men- 
tioned in  Domesday.  2.  More  likely  to 
relate  to  stability  of  mind  than  to  associa- 
tion with  horses.  3.  A  corruption  of 
Staple. 

STABLEFORD.  Stapleford,  parishes, 
(fee,  in  cos.  Cambridge,  Herts,  Leicester, 
Lincoln,  &c. 

STABLER.  One  who  had  the  care  of 
csfables,  an  0.  Fr.  word  of  extensive  mean- 
ing, defined  by  Cotgrave,  as  "  a  stable,  an 
osterie,  an  ostellerie,  also  a  sheep-house  or 
fould."  In  H.R.  the  word  appears  in  the 
forms  of  Le  Stabler  and  De  Stabulo.  Sta- 
hvlaryvs  is  found  in  the  sense  of  hostler  in 
M.S.  Digby,  113.  Bodl.  Lib.,  Oxon. 

STAGE.  A  corruption  either  of  Eustace, 
or  of  Statins.  It  is  probably  of  continental 
origin,  as  the  final  E  is  sometimes  accented, 
and  from  Stace  we  get  Stacey. 

STACEKYN.     A  diminutive  of  Stace. 

STACEY.     See  Stace. 

STACY.     See  Stace. 

STACK.  A  precipitous  rock.  Jamie- 
son. 


STA 


327 


STA 


STAFF.  The  Roman  family  of  the 
Scipiones  derived  their  name  from  the 
filial  piety  of  a  person  who  nsed  to  lead 
about  his  aged  father,  who  was  blind,  and 
thus  by  metaphor  became  his  staff  (scij)io.) 
AVhether  the  English  family  can  boast  of  a 
like  honourable  origin  I  know  not. 

STAFFORD.  Tlie  founder  of  this 
family  in  England  was  Robert,  a  younger 
son  of  Roger  de  Toenei,  standard-bearer  of 
Normandy,  whose  name  appears  in  Domes- 
day as  owner  of  131  lordships  in  Staftbrd- 
shh-e  and  other  counties.  The  Conqueror 
appointed  him  governor  of  the  castle  of 
Stafford,  from  which  he  assumed  a  new 
surname.  From  him  descended  the  Dukes 
of  Buckingham  and  several  other  noble 
houses. 

STAGG.  The  animal — perhaps  applied 
to  a  fleet  runner.     See  Ray. 

STAGMAN.  A  keeper  of  deer ;  ana- 
logous to  Hartman,  Hindman,  &c. 

STAINBANK.  Local  :  "  the  stony 
bank." 

STAINBURN.  Places  in  cos.  Cumber- 
land and  York. 

STAINER.  One  who  colours  or  paints. 
The  London  Painters  and  Staiuers  were 
united  into  one  company  in  1502. 

STAINES.     A  town  In  Middlesex. 

STAINFORTH.  Two  townships  in 
Yorkshire  are  so  denominated. 

STAINS.     See  Staines. 

STAINTON.        Parishes    &c.,    in    cos. 

Lincoln,   Westmoreland,   Y''ork,    Durham, 

&c. 
STAIR.     A   parish    in   Ayrshire,  which 

gives  title  to  Dalrymple,  Earl  of  Stair. 

STALKER.  1.  A  huntsman.  2.  One 
who  illegally  kills  deer.     Jamieson. 

STALLARD.     The  same  as  Staller. 

STALLER.  (A-Sax.  stalre).  Master 
of  the  horse;  constable;  standard-bearer. 
Regni  vexillifer.     Ellis's  Domesd.  i.  i)2. 

STALLION.  The  animal.  Ilengist, 
the  A-Saxon  invader's  name,  doubtless 
meant  the  same   thing — hcngst,  a  stallion. 

STALLMAN.  The  keeper  of  a  stall  in 
any  fair  or  market,  who  paid  the  impost 
known,  in  municipal  law,  as  stallage. 

STALjMAN.  1.  Probably  synonymons 
with  staller.  2.  A-Sax.  stca'llere,  a  governor 
or  steward  of  a  palace.    3.   See  Stallman. 

STAMFORD.  A  town  in  Lincolnshire, 
and  places  in  cos.  Northumberland,  York, 
&c. 

STAMxMER.  A  stammerer.  "Balbus, 
stamur."     Wright's  Vocab.,  p.  75, 

STAM:MERS.     See  Stammer. 

STAIMP.  Probably  from  Estampes,  now 
Etampes,  in  the  department  of  Seine  et 
Oise.     It  is  sometimes  written  Stempe.   At 


Boxgrove,  co.  Sussex,  where  the  family 
have  resided  for  three  centuries,  the  earlier 
entries  of  the  name  are  Stempe,  and  the 
later  ones  Stamja. 

STAMPER.  Probably  some  mechanical 
emploj'meut. 

STANBOROUGH.  A  hundred  in 
Devonshire. 

STANBRIDGE.  Places  in  Sussex,  Bed- 
fordshire, &c.  The  heiress  of  Stanbridge, 
of  Stanbridge,  in  the  former  county  (parish 
of  Slinfold),  married  Cowper,  ancestor  of 
Earl  Cowper,  in  the  XV.  century. 

STANBROUGH,     See  Stanborough. 

STANBURY.  Local  :  "  the  fort  or  de- 
fence of  stone." 

STANCOMBE.     See  Combe. 

STANDEN.     See  Den. 

STANDEVEN.  Of  similar  meaning  to 
Standfast. 

STANDERWICK.  A  parish  in  Somer- 
setshire. 

STANDFAST.  Apparently  refers  to 
the  i^ossession  of  good  feet. 

STANDING.     The  same  as  Standen. 

STANDISH.  A  parish  in  Lancashire, 
the  ancient  heritage  of  the  family.  The 
earliest  recorded  ancestor  seems  to  be 
Thurstan  de  Standish,  whose  name  appears 
in  deeds  dated  6.  Henry  III.  This  distin- 
guished family  continued  to  flourish  on  the 
lands  fi'om  which  they  derived  their  name 
until  the  year  1807.  when  the  last  male  heir 
died,  and  the  estate  passed  to  his  sister's 
son,  a  Strickland,  who  assumed  the  Standish 
name. 

STANDLEY.     A  corruption  of  Stanley. 

STANES.     See  Staines. 

STANFIELD.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

STANFORD.  Parishes  and  places  in 
COS.  Beds,  Berks,  Northampton,  Worcester, 
Essex,  Notts,  Sussex,  &c. 

STANGER.  1.  Athatcher.  North.  2. 
From  0.  Fr.  cstang  (stagnum)  a  pond.  In 
the  same  manner  as  Lake  produced  Laker, 
and  Pond  gave  rise  to  Fonder,  stang  may 
have  originated  Stauger. 

STANGMAR.  An  ancient  Scandinavian 
baptismal  name. 

STANHOPE.  The     first     recorded 

ancestor  of  this  knightly  and  noble  fa- 
mily is  Walter  de  Stanhope,  whose  son 
Richard  died  in  1338,  or  the  following  year. 
The  name  is  derived  from  Stanhope,  near 
Darlington,  co.  Durham,  their  ancient  re- 
sidence. See  Lord  Stanhope's  '  Notices  of 
the  Stanhopes.'     8vo.     1855. 

STANLEY.  Adam  de  Aldithley  or 
Audeley,  lord  of  Stanley,  co.  Chester,  had 
two  sous;  ].  Liulph,  ancestor  of  the  great 
house  of  Audeley  ;  and  2.  Adam,  whose 
son  William  obtained  the  lands  of  Stanlegh 
from  his  cousin  Adam  de  Audelev,   and 


ST  A 


328 


STA 


thence  assumed  the  surname,  in  the  reign 
of  King  John.  Mr.  Shirlej'  remarks  of 
the  Stanleys  :  "As  few  families  have  acted 
a  more  prominent  part  in  history,  so  few 
can  trace  a  more  satisfactory  pedigree." 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

STANMER.     A  parish  In  Sussex. 

STANNAH.     St.  Anna  ? 

STANNARD.  An  old  baptismal  name. 
Two  tenants  in  chief  bearing  it  are  found 
in  Domesday. 

STANNEY.  STANNICH.  The  manor 
of  Stanney  or  Staney,  in  the  parish  of 
Stoke  near  Chester  (according  to  Ormerod 
the  Stanei  of  Doniesday,)  gave  its  name  to 
this  family,  who  were  its  owners  from  the 
reign  of  Richard  I.  to  that  of  Edward  III., 
Avheu  it  passed  with  an  heiress  to  the  Bun- 
burys.  The  Stanneys  of  the  adjacent 
county  of  Salop,  who  were  connected  with 
the  parish  of  Oswestry  in  the  XV.  and 
XVI.  centuries,  were  doubtless  of  the  same 
stock. 

STANNUS.  The  Trish  family  of  this 
name  deduce  their  pedigree  from  William 
Staneliouse  of  Carliolgie.  who  received  a 
patent  of  naturalization  as  a  Scotch  settler 
in  Ulster  in  1G18.  The  name  is  identical 
with  the  English  Stonehouse. 

STANSFELD.  A  township  in  Yorkshire. 
The  family  are  said  to  liave  "  descended 
from  a  follower  of  the  Conqueror  who  set- 
tled there."     B.L.G. 

STANSFIELD.  A  pnrlsh  In  Suffolk, 
and  a  township  in  Yorkshire. 

STANTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  In  many  coun- 
ties are  so  called. 

STANVILLE.     See  Stanwell. 

STANWAY.  Parishes  In  cos.  Essex  and 
Gloucester. 

STANVILLE.     See  Stanwell. 

STANWELL.     A  parish  In  Middlesex. 

STAPLE.  Parishes,  &c.  in  cos.  Kent, 
Somerset,  and  Sussex. 

STAPLER.  A  staple  (Dutch  stapel,) 
means  a  mart  or  emporium,  and  in  old 
times  a  "  merchant  of  the  staple"  signified 
a  trader  of  impoj'tance.  In  course  of  time, 
howevei',  the  word  daplcr  was  monopo- 
lized by  the  dealer  in  wool,  and  it  is  now 
cnlyheard  in  the  compound  "wool-stapler." 
Drayton,  in  his  Polyolbion,  commends 
Leicester— 

"  for  liev  wool,  wliose  staple  doth  excel, 
And  seems  to  overmatch  the  golden  Phrygian  fell." 

STAPLES.  Said  to  be  derived  from 
Estaples,  now  Etaples,  a  small  seaport  of 
France  about  eleven  miles  from  Boulogne. 

STAPLETON.  This  ancient  flnnlly  de- 
rived their  name  from  tlie  lordship  of 
Stapleton  on  the  river  Tees,  in  the  bishop- 
ric of  Durham.  They  sprang  from  Ni- 
cholas de  Stapleton,  17.  King  John,  whose 
son,  the  warlike  Sir  Miles,  was  created 
Baron  Stapleton  in  1313.     The  Irish  Sta- 


pletons  spring  from  Sir  John  Stapleton,  a 
scion  of  the  Yorkshire  fomily,  who  went  to 
Ireland  temp.  Henry  II.  and  received  a 
grant  of  lands  from  King  John.  Court- 
hope's  Debrett. 

STAPLEY.  Stapley  Is  a  township  In 
Cheshire,  where  an  ancient  family  of  this 
name  resided  at  an  early  period.  The 
Stapleys  of  Sussex,  extinct  baronets,  claimed 
descent  from  them,  but  it  is  more  prolmble 
that  they  were  indigenous  to  the  southern 
county,  where,  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Battel  (and  near  the  hundred  of  Staple)  a 
family  of  Staplehithe  are  found  in  the  XIV. 
and  XV.  centuries. 

STAR.  STARR.  Perhaps  from  the 
sign  of  an  inn  ;  but  more  likely  from  an 
ancient  personal  name  written  in  Domesd. 
Ster  and  Sterr.  It  is  Star  without  prefix  in 
PI.R. 

STARBUCK.  In  O.Norse,  hokhi  means 
"  vii.  grandis,  corpore  et  animo."  Hence 
storhocJd  ivoxastor.  great,  "  vir  imperiosus." 
Ferguson. 

STARK.  STARKE.  O.  Eng.  Stout, 
strong,  unyielding. 

STARKIE.  STARKLY.  Probably  the 
same  as  Stark. 

STARKMAN.  See  Stark.  The  forms 
of  the  name  in  H.R.  are  Starcman  and 
Starckemau. 

STARLING.  ].  An  ancient  baptismal 
name  in  use  before  the  Conquest,  as  we  have 
Starliuc,  and  Starlingus  in  Domesda.y.  2. 
Perliaps  from  the  bird,  like  Raven,  Rook, 
Crow,  &c.  3.  It  may  be  a  corruption  of 
Stirling,  the  local  name,  or  of  Easterling. 
H.R,  Starlyng,  Sterlyng. 

STARNE.     STARNES.     The  same  as 

Sterne. 

START.     A  place  In  Devonshire. 

STARTUP.  1.  A  kind  of  boot  or  leg- 
covering  ;  a  writer  in  Gent.  Mag.,  June 
182-1,  says,  "gaiters  laced  down  before." 
Gerard  1  .egh,  in  his  Accidence  of  Armorj'', 
mentions  the  startup  as  jjart  of  the  habi- 
liments of  a  Herald.  In  a  compotus  of  the 
priory  of  Bicester,  co.  Oxon,  dated  29. 
Edward  III.,  among  charges  for  saddlery 
and  other  horseman's  gear,  bought  for  the 
use  of  the  Prior,  are  these  entries ;  "One 
pair  of  .sY«;f(//'.v,  xxiid."  and  "  in  reparation 
of  the  Prior's  startups^  vid."  Dunkin's 
Oxfordshire,  ii.  221,  222.  Drayton  (Eclogue 
ix.)  says : — 

"  When  not  a  shepherd  any  thing  that  could, 
Hut  greaz'd  his  start-ups  black  as  autumn  sloe." 

In  "Thynne's  Debate,"  as  cited  by  Halli- 
well,  we  lead  : — 

"  A  payi-e  of  startuppcs  had  he  on  his  feete, 
That  lased  were  up  to  the  small  of  the  legge ; 

Ilomelie  they  were,  and  easier  than  meete, 
And  in  tlieir  soles  full  many  a  wooden  pegge." 

This  surname,  which  I  have  met  with  in 
Sussex  only,  was  most  likely  applied,  in 
the  first  instance,  to  some  person  who 
rendered  himself  conspicuous  among  his 
neighbours  by  wearing    the   rough   high- 


STE 


329 


STE 


topped  boots  so  designated.  I  may  re- 
mark, that  the  fourth  line  of  my  last 
quotation  shows  that  the  use  of  pegged 
soles  for  boots,  recently  iutroduced  into 
this  country  from  America,  is  no  modern 
invention. 

STATOjST.     a  corruption  of  Stainton. 

STAUNDROr.  A  corruption  of  Stain- 
dro2\  a  parish  in  Durham. 

STAUNTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Notling- 
ham,  Durham,  Worcester,  Hereford,  and 
Leicester,  bear  this  name.  The  family  of 
Staunton  of  Staunton,  in  the  first-named 
shire,  "  can  be  regularly  traced  from  the 
time  of  the  Conqueror,  and  there  is  no 
doubt  of  their  having  been  settled  in  Not- 
tinghamshire, in  the  time  of  Edward  the 
Confessor."  B.L.G.  In  the  XVIII.  century 
the  elder  male  line  failed,  and  the  heiress 
married  Charlton,  whose  descendants  have 
subsequently  assumed  the  ancient  name. 
B.L.G.  "An  ancient  house,  traced  to  the 
Conquest."  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men. 

In  Ireland  this  name  dates  from  the 
earliest  days  after  the  English  invasion. 
The  names  of  Milo  and  Henry  de  Staunton 
are  mentioned  in  A.D.  1200,  as  disputing 
concerning  the  patronage  of  the  Church 
of  JMonmohenock,  in  Wicklow,  with  the 
Bishop  of  Glendaloch,  IMilo  then  being  lord 
of  the  manor.     D'Alton. 

STAVELEY.  Parlslics  and  places  in 
COS.  Derby,  Lancaster,  Westmoreland,  and 
York,  are  so  designated. 

STAVERT.  Formerly  written  Staward, 
i.e.  stall-ivanl.  The  family  ^\■ere  old  re- 
tainers of  the  Douglases.    Folks  of  Shields. 

STAWELL.  A  chapeh-y  in  Somerset- 
shire. A  family  of  considerable  antiquit}' 
so  surnamed  resided  m  that  count}^   B.L.G. 

STAYNER.     See  Stainer. 

STEABBEN.    A  corruption  of  Stephen. 

STEAD.  A-Sax.  stade,  a  stead,  station, 
or  place.  Halliw.  says,  '  a  farm  house  and 
offices.'  A  Steadman  was  therefore  a  far- 
mer, or  perhaps  a  farm-bailiif. 

%^  STEAD.  A  common  element  hi  local 
names  and  surnames,  as  in  Stedham, 
Binstead,  Wickstead,  Hampstead,  Fel- 
sted,  &c.     See  Stead,  above. 

STEADMAN.     See  Stead. 

STEANE.  A  parish  in  Northampton- 
shire. 

STEARiMAN.     See  Sturman. 

ST  EARN.     STEARNS.     See  Sterne. 

STEBBING.     A  parish  in  Essex. 

STEDDY.  May  relate  to  steadiness  of 
character ;  but  is  derivable  with  far  greater 
probability  from  St.  Edith,  thus — Stedith, 
Stedi,  Steddy.  So  Stydolph,  from  St. 
Edolph. 

STEDITA:y[.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

STEDMAN.     See  Stead. 
2  V 


STEED.  Steed  and  Steedman  may  cor- 
respond with  Palfrey  and  Palfriraan,  Colt 
and  Coltraan.  Brock  and  Brockman  ;  but 
are  more  likely  identical  with  Stead  and 
Steadman. 

STEEDMAN.     See  Steed. 

STEEL.  STEELE.  A  northern  pro- 
nunciation of  stile.  In  Scotl.  the  spur  of  a 
hill. 

STEEN.     See  Stephen. 

STEENSON.     See  Stephen. 

STEEPLE.  From  residence  in  the 
vicinity  of  one. 

STEERE.  The  animal.  In  Sussex  it 
is  pluralized  to  Steers.     H.R.  Le  Ster. 

STEERS.     See  Steere. 

STEFF.     See  Stephen. 

STEGGALL,  Mr.  Ferguson  remarks  : 
"  As  deer  originally  meant'any  wild  animal, 
so  stac/  seems  to  have  meant  the  male  of 
any  animal,  from  Old  Norse  stcgcjr,  '  the 
male  of  various  beasts  and  birds.'  Hence 
stag  in  the  North  of  England  signifies  a 
young  horse,  [in  the  South,  a  boar,]  and 
steg,  a  gander.  The  terms  seem  to  have 
been  applied  respectively  to  the  deer  and 
the  stag  2^ar  excellence.  Steggall  seems  to 
be  a  diminutive  of  stag." 

STEINMAN.  This  family  existed  at  St. 
Gall,  in  Switzerland,  more  than  four  centu- 
ries ago  as  "  Steinman,  called  Biugasser." 
The  first  settler  in  England  was  the  great- 
grandfather of  Mr.  G.  S.  Steinman  (a  name 
well  recognized  in  our  antiquarian  litera- 
ture), who  with  his  sou  came  to  England 
in  1771. 

STEMBRIDGE.  A  corruption  of  Stan- 
bridge. 

STEMPE.     Tlie  same  as  Stamp. 

STEMSON.     The  son  of  Stephen. 

STENIiOUSE.  A  corruption  of  Stone- 
house. 

STENLAKE.  Standlake,  a  parish  in 
Oxfordshire. 

STENNETT.     A  diminutive  of  Stephen. 

STENNING.      A   surname    ijrincipally 

confined  to  Sussex.  All  the  persons  bear- 
ing it,  so  far  as  my  knowledge  goes,  trace 
themselves  to  the  vicinity  of  Steyning  in 
tliat  county,  which  is  locally  pronounced 
like  the  surname. 

STENSON.     The  son  of  Stephen. 

STEPHEN.  This  scripture  name,  like 
many  others,  was  not  iutroduced  here  until 
the  Norman  Conquest,  after  which  we  find 
it  in  the  form  of  Fitz-Stcphen.  It  occupies 
a  large  place  among  our  surnames  in  the 
usual  genitive  forms  of  Stephens,  Stevens, 
Steevens,  Stephenson,  Stevenson,  &c.  A 
nicked  or  abbreviated  form  furnishes  us 
with  ourSteen,  Stecnsou,  Stimson,  Stimp- 
sou,  Stinson,  Stibbs  ;  perhaps  also  Stubbs, 
Steft',   Stiff,   and   Stcnnett.       Tiffany  and 


STE 


330 


Tiffin,  from  Steplianus,  belong  to  the  same 

category. 

STEPHENS.     See  Stephen. 

STEPHENSON.     See  Stephen. 

STEPHYN.  An  old  spelling  of  Stephen. 
The  family  of  Stephens,  of  Tregenna,  co. 
Cornwall,  were  of  St.  Ives  in  that  county, 
temp.  Edward  IV.,  under  this  orthography. 

STEPTOE.     Probably  refers  to  gait. 

^W"  STER.  An  Anglo- Saxon  termination, 
denoting  some  feminine  occupation,  as 
ER  does  a  masculine  one,  as  spinner, 
spinster.  Many  of  the  surnames  with 
this  desinence  shew  the  change  of  Eng- 
lish customs  in  regard  to  the  emi^loy- 
ments  of  women  within  the  past  few 
centuries  :  for  example,  brewing,  baking, 
and  weaving  were  formerly  feminine 
labours,  and  consequently  Brewster, 
Baxter,  Webster  mean  the  woman  (not 
the  man)  who  brews,  bakes,  or  weaves. 
HoAv  these  feminine  words  became  trans- 
ferred to  the  other  gender,  so  as  to  be- 
come hereditary  as  surnames,  is  ex- 
plained by  Mr.  Poulson,  in  his  Beverlac, 
p.  128. — "  When  men  began  to  invade 
those  departments  of  industry  by  which 
Avomcn  used  to  earn  an  honest  liveli- 
hood, they  retained  the  feminine  appel- 
lation for  some  time,  as  men-midwives 
and  men-milliners  now  do;  but  after- 
wards masculine  words  drove  the  femi- 
nine ones  out  of  the  language,  as  men 
had  driven  the  women  out  of  the  employ- 
ments."  See  moreinEng.  Surn.,  i.  ll-t. 

STERCOCK.  Perhaps  a  diminutive  of 
Stejiheu. 

STERE.     See  Steere. 

STERLING.  "  Esterling,  a  name  given 
to  those  Germans  who  are  said  to  have  been 
the  first  that  brought  the  art  of  refining 
silver  into  England.  Called  Esterlings,  as 
having  come  from  the  East,"  Jamieson. 
See  also  Richardson.  Hence,  metaphori- 
cally, stei-ling  signifies  anj'thing  pure  or  un- 
alloyed. 

STERNE.  From  tlie  natural  disposition 
of  the  first  bearer. 

STERNHOLD.  May  have  some  refer- 
ence to  the  steering  of  a  ship,  but  is  more 
probably  a  corruption,  by  crasis,  of  Saint 
Arnold. 

STERRY.  1 .  Sturry,  a  parish  in  Kent. 
2.  An  old  personal  name — in  Domesday 
Stari. 

STEUART.  The  Steuarts  of  Allanton, 
CO.  Lanark  (Barts.),  are  lineally  descended 
from  Alexander,  sixth  lord  High  Steward  of 
Scotland,  great  grandfather  of  King  Robert 
II.,  the  first  prince  of  the  Stuart  line. 
Courthope's  Debrett. 

STEVENSON.     See  Steplien. 

STEVENS.     STEEVENS.     Stephen's;  • 
the  son  of  Stephen. 

STEWARD.  The  office.  See  Stewart 
and  Stuarl, 


STO 

STEWARDSON.  The  son  of  the 
Steward.     So  Hindson,  Cookson,  &c. 

STEWART.     See  Stuart. 

STIBBS.     See  Stephen. 

STICK.  An  Edinburgh  surname.  It  may 
have  been  originally  apjilied  to  a  verger  or 
staff-bearer,  like  '  Gold-stick,' '  Silver-stick,' 
&c. 

STICKLAND.  A  corruption  of  Strick- 
land. 

STICKNEY.     A  parish  in  Lincolnshire. 

STIFF.     See  Stephen. 

STIGGINS.  Doubtless  Stigandus,  Sti- 
gand,  the  ancient  baptismal  name.  A  dig- 
nified Archbishop,  and  Mrs.  Weller's  red- 
nosed  i^astor,  then,  enjoyed  at  least  a  name 
in  common ! 

STIGGSON.  The  son  of  Stigand.  See 
Stiggins. 

STILE.     See  Style. 

STILL.  Stille  was  a  tenant  prior  to 
Domesday.  This  must  therefore  have  been 
a  personal  or  baptismal  name. 

STfLLINGFLEET.  A  parish  in  York- 
shire, the  original  abode  of  the  family. 

STILLMAN.  Probably  the  same  as 
Styleman. 

STILWELL.     See  Well. 

STIMSON.    STIMPSON.    See  Stephen. 

STINCIICOMBE,  A  parish  in  Glouces- 
tershire. 

STINSON.     See  Stephen. 

STIRLING.  From  the  town  of  Stirling, 
which  gives  name  to  the  Scottish  shire, 
anciently  written  Stryvelin.  The  family 
are  of  great  antiquity,  being  deduced  from 
Walter  de  Stryvelin,  who  appears  as  witness 
to  a  charter  of  Prince  Henry,  son  of  King 
David  I.,  in  the  XII.  century.  Courthope's 
Debrett.  Four  baronetcies  have  been  ac- 
corded to  this  family. 

STIVENS.     A  corruption  of  Stephens. 

STOBBS.     See  Stubbs. 

STOCK.  1.  The  stock  of  a  tree  seems  a 
very  unlikely  origin  for  a  family  name,  yet 
Zouch  and  Curzon  seem  analogous,  as  does 
the  Fr.  Racine,  not  to  mention  the  English 
Roots.  2.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Worcester, 
Essex,  Somerset,  Dorset,  and  York. 

STOCKBRIDGE.  A  parish  in  Ilamp- 
shire. 

STOCKEN.     See  Stocking. 

STOCKER.  In  the  West  of  England,  to 
.sfot^/i  means  to  root  up,  and  a  sfnclicr  is  a 
man  enii)loyed  to  fell  or  grub  up  trees. 
Halliwell.  Stocker,  without  prefix,  is  found 
in  H.R. 

STOCKHAM.      A  township  in  Cheshire. 

STOClvING.  Local.  De  Stocking. 
H.R.     I  cannot  find  the  place. 


STO 


331 


STO 


STOCKLEY.  Two  parishes  in  Devon- 
shire, and  a  parish  in  Durham,  are  so  de- 
signated. 

STOCKMAN.  Perhaps  the  same  as 
Stoclvcr. 

STOCKS.     See  Stock. 

STOCKTON.  Towns,  parishes,  &c.,  in 
COS.  Durham,  Chester,  Norfolk,  Warwick, 
Wilts,  Worcester,  York,  and  Salop. 

STOCKWELL.    A  division  of  the  parish 

of  Lambeth,  co.  Surrey. 

STODART.     See  Stotherd. 
STODDARD.     See  Stotherd. 
STODDART.     See  Stotherd. 

STODHARD.       STODHART.        See 

Stotherd. 

STOKER.  One  wlio  has  charge  of  a 
furnace. 

STOKES.     A  plurallzation  of  Stoke. 

STOKOE.     A  place  in  Norlhumlserland. 

STOLYON.  Probably  a  provincial  form 
of  stallion,  a  horse.     See  Stallion. 

STONE.  A  very  common  local  surname. 
There  are  towns,  parishes,  kc,  so  called  in 
cos.  Stafford,  Buckingham,  Gloucester, 
Kent,  Worcester,  &c. 

STONEBRIDGE.  A  name  applied  to 
many  minor  localities. 

STONECUTTER.     The  occupation. 

STONEHAM.  Two  parishes  in  Hamp- 
shire,  and  a  hamlet  in  Sussex. 

STONEIIEWER.     A  quarryman. 

STONEMAN.  Probably  a  stone-mason, 
or  a  quarryman. 

STONESTREET.  I  know  of  no  locality 
so  called  ;  but,  as  the  name  has  been  spelt 
Stanistreet,  may  it  not  be  derived  from  the 
celebrated  Roman  road  thus  designated, 
which  ran  from  Regnum  (Chichester)  to 
London  ?  This  seems  the  more  probable 
as  the  Stonestreets  appear  to  have  origi- 
nated in  the  county  of  Sussex,  at  no  great 
distance  from  that  i"oad.  Analogous  ori- 
gins for  family  names  from  Roman  works, 
may  be  found  under  Dykes,  Thirl  wall, 
and  Watling.  De  Stonstret.  H.R.  co. 
Kent. 

STONEX.  PerhajDS  Stanwix,  co.  Cum- 
berland. 

STONEY.  Possibly  from  Loch  Stoney 
in  Forfarshire. 

STONHAM.  Three  parishes  in  Suffolk 
are  so  designated. 

STONOR.  An  estate  in  Oxfordsliire, 
thus  mentioned  by  Leland  :  "  Stonor  is  a 
3  miles  out  of  Ilenlcy.  Thcr  is  a  fayre 
parkc,  and  a  warren  of  connes,  and  fayre 
woods.  The  mansion  place  standithe  cly- 
minge  on  a  hille,  and  hath2  courtes  buyldyd 
withe  tymbar,  brike,  andflynte;  Sir  Walter 
Stonor,  now  pocessor  of  it,  bathe  augmcntyd 


and  strengthed  the  howse.  Tlie  Stonors 
hath  longe  had  it  in  possessyon."  To  this 
Mr.  Shirley  adds  that,  "  the  family  have 
the  reputation  of  being  very  ancient,  and 
may  certainly  be  traced  to  the  twelfth 
century  as  resident  at  Stonor."  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men. 

STOOL.  A  provincial  pronunciation  of 
Stowell. 

STORE.     SeeStorr. 

STORER.  Storer  is  a  connnon  surname, 
in  Germany,  and  means  "  a  disturber;"  but 
our  Storers  are  probably  indigenous  and 
conservators,  rather  than  breakers,  of  the 
peace,  for  two  officers  of  the  manor  of 
^^'hittlesea  in  the  Isle  of  Ely,  elected  every 
)-ear,  are  called  Storers. 

STOREY.  I.  See  Story.  2.  Said  to 
be  the  same  name  with  Storer.     B.L.G. 

STORK.     The  bird. 

STORM.  Corresponds  with  the  Old 
German  personal  name  Sturm.     Ferguson. 

STORR.  A-Sax.  and  O.  Norse  star, 
great,  A'ast. 

STORTON.     The  same  as  Stourton. 

STORY.  The  Scandinavian  Stori.  See 
Storr.  Stori  and  Storius  occur  before  the 
making  of  Domesday.  They  were  probably 
of  Danish  blood. 

STOTHARD.     See  Stotherd. 

STOTHERD.  Stot  is  a  northernism  for 
ox;  and  hence  Stotherd  is  evidently  "ox- 
herd." This  explains  the  group  Stodart, 
Stoddart,  Stoddard,  Stodhart,  Stothard, 
&c.  The  pronunciations  Stotli-eTd,  Stoth- 
ard,  are  a  '  genteel '  innovation. 

STOTT.  A  northern  provincialism  for 
the  ox. 

STOUR.  L  From  one  of  the  rivers  so 
called.     2.  See  StoAver. 

STOURTON.  This  family,  now  repre- 
sented by  Charles  Stourton,  eighteenth 
Baron  Stourton  (created  14:-i7)  were  seated 
at  Stourton,  co.  Wilts,  soon  after  the  Nor- 
man Conquest.  The  arms  of  the  family, 
Sahle,  a  hend  Or,  hetnren  six  fountains 
Pvoper,  are  thus  accounted  for  by  Leland  : 
"  The  Ryver  of  Stour  risith  ther  of  six 
fountaines  or  siwinges,  whereof  three  be  on 
the  north  side  of  the  Parke,  hard  within 
the  pale :  the  other  tliree  be  north  also,  Init 
without  the  Parke;  ihe  Lord  StovHon 
(jyvctli  these  six  Fovntaynes  yn  Ms  armcs.''' 
See  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

STOUT.     Valiant,  courageous. 

STOUTWELL.  A  corruption  of  Stute- 
ville,  as  old  as  the  XIII.  century. 

STOVEL.  STOVELL.  A  likely  cor- 
ruption of  the  Norman  Stuetville,  or  Estoute- 
ville. 

STOVIN.     Stoven,  a  parish  in  Suffolk. 

STOAV.  STOWE.  Parishes,  &c.,  in 
COS.  Selkirk,  Lincoln,  Salop,  Huntingdon, 


S  T  R  332 


STR 


Suffolk,  Norfolk,  Essex,  Oxford,  Glouces- 
ter, Buckingham,  Stafford,  Northampton, 
&c. 

STOWELL.     Places  in  cos.  Gloucester, 

Somerset,  and  Wilts  bear  the  name  of 
Stowel. 

STOWER.  Three  parishes  in  Dorset- 
shire are  so  called. 

STOWERS.     A  pluralization  of  Stower. 

STRACEY.  Tlie  baronets  Strachey  and 
Stracey  both  derive  from  the  county  of 
Essex,  in  the  sixteenth  century,  and  bear 
similar  arms.  Tlie  names  are  probably 
identical,  and  derived  from  a  local  source. 

STRACHAISr.  A  parish  in  Kincardine- 
shire. 

STRACHEY.     See  Stracey. 

STRADLEY.     A   corruption   of  Strad- 

ling  ? 

Sl^RADLING.  This  surname  was 
latinized  Easterlingus,  and  it  seems  to  be  a 
corruption  of  Estarliug,  a  name  given  to 
the  inbabitauts  of  any  country  eastward  of 
England,  especially  to  tliose  of  the  lianse 
Towns.    See  Sterling. 

STRAFFORD.  A  corruption  either  of 
one  of  the  Stratfords,  or  of  Strafforth,  co. 
York. 

STRAHAK     See  Strachan. 

STRAIGHT.     Erect  in  person. 

STRAITH.  Probably  the  Celtic  topo- 
graphical word  strath,  meaning  "  the  con- 
joint valley  of  two  confluent  streams,"  or, 
more  loosely,  any  band  or  level  of  low 
ground  between  two  ridges  of  hill  or  moun- 
tain. Gaz.  Scotl.  The  word  is  .specifically 
applied  to  a  i^arish  in  Inverness-shire. 

STRAITO:Nr.     A  parish  in  Ayrshire. 

STRAKER.  1.  One  of  the  many  mean- 
ings whicli  the  Scottish  word  atraik  pos- 
sesses, is  "  engagement  on  the  field  t)f 
battle."  Jamieson.  Hence  Straker  may 
be  equivalent  to  combatant  or  soldiei'.  2. 
A  ranger  of  planks  on  a  ship's  side.  Folks 
of  Shields. 

STRAND.  The  sea-shore,  or  the  bank 
of  a  river. 

STRANG.  An  archaic  and  Northern 
form  of  Strong. 

STRANGE.  According  to  some  genea- 
logists this  family  first  appear  in  England 
at  certain  jousts  of  arms,  which  took  place 
at  Peverell's  Castle,  in  the  Peak  of  Derby- 
shire. There  were  present  on  the  occasion 
Owen,  Prince  of  AVales,  a  Scottish  Prince, 
and  two  sous  of  the  Duke  of  Brittany,  one 
of  Avhom,  from  his  foreign  birth,  was  called 
Guido  le  Strange,  and  became  progenitor  of 
the  various  baronial  liouses  of  L'Estrange 
and  Stra7ige.  "  Tliis  race  of  J^e  Strange 
contin\ied  for  many  descents  in  the  dignity 
of  lords  barons,  in  Latine  records  called 
Exiranei,  for  that  they  Avere  strangers, 
brought  hither  by  King  Henry  the  Second, 


in  the  year  1118."  Weever's  Fuuerall 
Monuments,  p.  530. 

STRANGEMAN.  A  stranger  ;  a  settler 
from  any  otlier  locality. 

STRANGER.  The  same  as  Strange- 
man. 

STR  AN  GW  A  YES.  A  corruption  of 
Strangwish,  near  Manchester,  which  was 
possessed  by  the  family  in  the  XIV.  cen- 
tury. 

STRANGWISH.     See  Strangwayes. 

STR/!lNGWYCH.  Verstegan  mentions 
this  name  as  "  coming  belike  of  a  strong 
wj/o,  hold,  or  fortress."  Restitution,  p. 
329.  It  is  doubtless  the  same  as  Strang- 
wish or  Strangways. 

STRAUBENZEE.  Tlie  family  derive 
from  Philip-^^'illiam-Casimir  Van  Strau- 
benzee,  a  captain  in  the  Dutch  Guards, 
who  came  to  England  about  1740,  and  was 
naturalized  by  Act  of  Pai'liameut. 

STRATFORD.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Suffolk,  Warwick,  "Wilts,  Essex,  Bucking- 
ham, &c. 

STRATHEARN.  a  large  district  of 
Perthshire. 

STRATTON.  Parishes  and  places  in 
cos.  Cornwall,  Dorset,  Gloucester,  Norfolk, 
Suffolk,  Hants,  Somerset,  Wilts,  &c. 

STR  AAV.  From  the  occupation  of  a 
thatcher.  Tliat  which  was  a  sobriquet  of 
the  well-known  insurgent  of  temp.  Richard 
II.,  has  since  become  a  settled  family 
name. 

STREATFEILD.  The  pedigree  of  the 
Streatfeikls  of  Chiddiugstone,  co.  Kent,  is 
traced  to  the  early  part  of  the  XVI. 
century.  Tlie  name  has  been  fancifully 
derived  from  Lat.  Be  Strata  Villa,  "  the 
prostrate  house,"  an  ill-omened  etymology, 
which  the  family  do  not  deserve.  It  has 
also  been  fetched  from  the  German  Strcit- 

feld,  "  the  field  of  contention  or  of  battle ;" 
but  the  origin  is  doubtless  English,  and 
local.  There  may  be  several  places  of  this 
name :  I  know  only  of  one,  which  is  a 
'  borough  '  of  tlie  manor  of  Eobertsbridge, 
in  East  Sussex,  called  in  a  document  before 
me,  of  temp.  Elizabeth,  Stretfelde ;  and 
this  locality  is  within  a  few  miles  of  that 
which  has  been,  for  three  centuries  and  a 
half,  the  chief  habitat  of  the  name. 

A  gentleman  of  this  famiiy  sends  me 
the  following  remarlvs  on  the  orthography 
of  the  last  syllable  of  the  name  : 

"  It  is  so  spelt,"  lie  snys,  "  in  many  n.nines,  as  Hat- 
feild,  Feilder,  Fcilding,"  Bifrild,  Owldefeild.  It  ac- 
cords with  a  rule  of  English  orthography,  that  wlien 
the  two  vowels  come  together  in  a  word,  sound  like 
E,  and  are  preceded  by  a  consonant,  that  the  E  or  the 

1,  whichever  is  nearest  in  the  alphabet  to  this  con- 
sonant, conies  tirst.  There  are  many  exceptions  to 
this  law;  /Icldis  one;  but  feild  is  .iccording  to  the 
law." 

STREET.  1.  Parishes  and  places  so 
called  in  cos.  Sussex,   Somerset,  Kent,  kc. 

2.  A  public  road  or  highway.  Analogous 
to  the  Fr.  De  la  Rue,  the  Italian  Strada, 
.<<c.     In  H.E.   De,  De  la,  and  Atte  Strete. 


STIi 


333 


STU 


In  some  parts  of  Euglaud  auy  small  ham- 
let is  called  a  street. 
STREETEN.     A  common  pronunciation 

of  Stretton. 

STREETER.  From  residence  by  a  high- 
wa)^  The  Fr.  De  la  Rue  is  an  exact 
synonym. 

STREETS.     A  pluralization  of  Street. 

STRELLEY.  «  Strelly,  anciently  Strel- 
legh,  CO.  Nottiugham,  gave  name  and  resi- 
dence to  the  knightly  family  of  the  Strel- 
leys,  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  famous  in 
the  county."     B.L.G. 

STRICKLAND.  "Descended  from 
Walter  de  Stirkland,  Knight,  so  called 
from  the  pasture  ground  of  the  j'ouug 
cattle  called  stirlis  or  steers,  in  the  parish 
of  Morland,  in  the  county  of  ^Vestmore- 
land,  who  was  living  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
III."     Shirley's  No'hle  and  Gentle  Men. 

STRING.  Perhaps  a  contraction  of 
Stringer.  Mr.  Bo^v■ditch  informs  us  that 
tivo  daughters  of  Mr.  String,  of  S.  Carolina, 
hitely  eloped  with  one  person  (1857.)  Thus 
was  made  good  the  proverbial  remark — 
'•  Tivo  Strings  to  one  Beau.'' 

STRINGER.  In  the  days  of  archery,  a 
maker  of  bow-strings.     Nares's  Glossary. 

STRIPLING.  This  name  seems  to  be- 
long to  the  same  class  as  Youngman, 
Junius,  &c. 

STRIVENS.  Doubtless  a  corruption  of 
Scrivens. 
STRODE.  1.  Tlie  family  are  said  to 
have  been  descended  from  the  ancient 
Dukes  of  Brittany,  and  to  have  been  founded 
in  England  by  Wariuus,  lord  of  Strode,  in 
Doi'setshire,  who  adopted  the  surname  De 
la  Strode.  B.L.G.  2.  The  name  is  derived 
from  Strode  in  the  parish  of  Ermiugton, 
CO.  Devon,  which  was  in  the  possession  of 
Adam  de  Strode,  the  first  recorded  ancestor, 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  In  that  of 
Henry  IV.,  the  head  of  the  house,  married 
the  heiress  of  Newenham  of  Newenham, 
which  has  ever  since  been  the  seat  of  the 
family.     Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

STRONG.  The  physical  quality;  like 
the  French  Le  Fort. 

STRONG  BOW.  This  illustrious  sobri- 
quet of  the  mighty  Earl  of  Pembroke  did 
not  die  with  him,  for  in  the  next  century 
we  find  one  Ranulph  Strongbowe  living  in 
Essex.     H.R.  temp.  Edward  I. 

STRONGI'TH'ARM.  "  Strong-in-the 
Arm  ;"  apparently  a  variation  of  Armstrong. 
There  is  a  similar  French  surname — 
Fortinbras. 

STRONGMAN.  One  who  excelled  in 
muscular  exploits. 

S  T  R  O  O  D .     A  town  i  n  Kent. 

STROUD.     A  town  in  Gloucestershire. 

STRYPE.  The  ancestor  of  the  historian 
was  Gherardt  Van  Strype,  a  member  of  the 
Dutch  church  in  London  in  lo(i7. 


STUART.  The  descent  of  the  royal 
Stuarts  from  Banquo,  Thane  of  Loehaber, 
the  victim  of  King  Macbeth,  and  their 
native  Gaelic  origin,  are  altogether  vision- 
ary. The  truth  appears  to  be  this.  Alan, 
the  son  of  Flaald,  a  man  of  whose  paternal 
ancestry  and  nation  nothing  is  clearly 
known,    and   who  died  very  early  in  the 

XII.  cent.,  was  the  common  i)arent  of 
William  Fitz-Alan,  ancestor  of  the  Earls 
of  Arundel,  and  of  AVaiter  Fitz-Alan, 
Steivard  of  Scotland,  whose  great-grandson, 
Alexander,  assumed  Stuart  as  his  surname, 
and  was  the  ancestor  of  the  royal  race  of 
that  dynasty.  From  the  latter  of  these 
sons  springs  Queen  Victoria,  and  from  the 
former,  her  Majesty's  highest  temporal  sub- 
ject, the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  premier  peer  of 
the  realm.  Whatever  may  have  been  the 
male  ancestry  of  Flaald,  it  is  certain  that 
he  was  descended  on  his  mother's  side 
from  the  old  Princes  of  Wales  and  from 
the  ancient  Saxon  Earls  of  Mercia.  See 
Rev.  R.  \V.  Eyton,  in  Arch.  Journ.,  Dec, 
1856. 

STUBBS.  1.  See  Stephen.  2.  Astuhov 
stob  is  a  provincial  word  for  the  stump  of  a 
tree  left  in  forest  clearings.  Such  a  clearing 
would  for  a  time  acquire  the  ai^pellation  of 
"  the  Stubbs,"  and  residence  near  it  would 
originate  the  surname. 

STUNT.  A-Sax.  Blunt,  stupid,  foolish. 
In  Lincolnshire  and  other  districts,  the 
word  has  undergone  a  change,  and  means 
sulky,  obstinate — sometimes  fierce  and 
angry.     Halliw.     See  Eng.  Surn. 

STURDEE.  STURDY.  Stout,  vigor- 
ous. 

STURGEON.     The  fish. 

STURMAN.  Stirman  or  Stermannus 
occurs  in  Domesday  as  .the  designation  of 
an  oflicial.  Edric  Stirman  was,  temp. 
Edw.  Confessor,  commander  of  the  land 
and  sea  forces  of  the  bishop  of  Worcester, 
for  the  king's  service.  {Stermanmis  navis 
episcopi,  et  ductor  exercitus  ejusdem  epis- 
copi,  ad  servicium  regis).  Heming  Chartul. 
quoted  in  Ellis's  Introd.  ii.  89.  There  was 
also  a  king's  Stirman.  A-Sax.  steoran,  to 
steer,  rule,  govern. 

STURT.  Probably  from  Stert,  a 
chapelrv  in  the  parish  of  Erchfont,  co. 
Wilts. 

STUTEVILLE.  The  founder  of  this 
family  came  into  England  with  the  Con- 
queror. His  son,  Robert  de  Stuteville, 
\vho  besides  this  territorial  surname,  had 
the  sobriquet  of  Fronteboef,  or  "  bullock's 
face,"  fought  against  Henry  I.  at  Tener- 
chebrai,  and  was  taken  prisoner.  From  a 
younger  son  of  this  personage  descend  the 
SkipAviths.     The  elder  line  failed  in   the 

XIII.  century.  Banlcs's  Baronage.  The 
name  is  taken  from  Estouteville,  now 
Etoutteville,  in  the  arrondissement  of 
Yvetot,  in  Normandy,  and  formerlj'.  in 
charters,  Estotevilla. 

STUTFIELD.  A  corruption  of  Stute- 
ville. 


SUL 


334 


sus 


STrDOLPIl.  A  coiitractiou  of  St. 
Edoli^h. 

STYLE.  Richardson  says— "  steps  raised 
to  pass  over,"  which  is  perhaps  as  good  a 
defmition  as  coiUd  be  given  iu  so  small  a 
number  of  words ;  but  the  st3'les  which  are 
'  passages  over  a  fence  so  contrived  as  that 
cattle  cannot  malce  use  of  lliem  ' — as  the 
M'ord  might  be  more  elaborately  defined — 
differ  nearly  as  mucli  inter  se  in  different 
districts,  as  do  tlie  styles  of  different 
authors.  There  is,  however,  no  doubt  that 
the  surname,  whether  it  originated  in  Sus- 
sex, in  Cornwall,  or  in  Northumberland, 
(whose  th ruff- ato tie  styles  I  shall  never 
forget)  was  derived  from  the  residence  of 
the  first  bearer  near  such  a  barrier.  In  the 
middle  ages,  the  phrase  "  John  at  Style  " 
was  in  common  use  to  denote  a  23lebeian, 
and  it  still  survives  iu  a  slightly  altered 
form  iu  the  saying,  "  Jack  Noakes  and 
Tom  Styles."  See  Noakes.  H.R.  Ate 
Stile.  De  la  Stile. 

STYLEMAN,  See  Style,  and  the  ter- 
mination MAN. 

STYLES.     See  Style. 

SUCH.     An   old  orthography  of  Zouch. 

SUCKBITCH.  This  name,  borne  by 
more  than  one  respectable  family  in  the 
West  of  England,  miglit  be  supposed  to  be 
derived  from  some  legend  analogous  to  tliat 
of  Romulus  and  Remus.  The  earliest 
form  of  it,  Soliesj^ic,  however,  excludes 
such  an  origin.  See  Notes  and  Queries,  v. 
425. 

SUCKLING.  Probably  local.  H.R. 
Sucklin,  and  Suckling,  without  prefix, 

SUCKSMITir.     See  under  Smith. 

SUDDEN.      A     known    cori'uption    of 

Soutlidean,  through  Soudean. 

SUDLEY.  SUDELEY.  A  parish  in 
Gloucestershire,  whose  castle  was  the  prin- 
cipal seat  of  the  family,  until  their  extinc- 
tion in  the  elder  male  line  in  the  XIV. 
century.  They  sprang  from  one  Harold, 
said  to  have  been  an  illegitimate  son  of 
King  Harold,  although  Dugdale  asserts 
that  he  was  the  son  of  Ralph,  Earl  of  Here- 
ford. He  left  two  sous,  Jt)hn,  who  adopted 
the  name  of  De  Sudeley,  and  Robert,  who 
settled  at  the  castle  of  Ewyas,  co.  Hereford, 
and  assumed  that  of  De  Ewyas. 

SUETT.  Suet  was  an  under-tenant  be- 
fore the  making  of  Domesday. 

SUGAR.  L  A  corruption  of  Segar, 
Avhich  see.  2.  ]\Ir.  Ferguson  thinks  it  is  a 
corruption  of  A-Sax.  sigra,  a  victor. 

SUGDEX.     See  termination  Den. 

SUGGATE.  A  provincial  corruption  of 
Southgate. 

SULLEN.     From  disposition. 

SULLIVAN.  By  the  hand  of  Sul- 
livan, is  an  Iri  h  oath,  which  is  considered 


of  the  most  obligatory  character.    Accord- 
to  an  ancient  rhyme,  there  is — 

"  Nulla  mamis 
Tain  liberalis 
Atque  gencralis 
Atque  uni^'ei'salis 
Quam  SuUivanus." 

— Croker's  Fairy  Legends, 

So  much  for  the  generous  character  of  the 
family — now  for  the  oi'igin  of  the  name,  as 
kindly  communicated  by  a  correspondent. 
I  iviust  pi-eniise  that  the  surname  was  for- 
merly, and  is  still,  often  prefixed  by  0' — 
shewing  that  Sulli\'au  is  an  ancient 
baptismal  name.  "  To  the  house  of  the 
chief  who  became  the  stock  whence  the 
present  family  of  O'Sullivan  descend,  came 
a  one-eyed  Druid,  who  was  also  a  Ijard, 
from  Albany.  He  was  named  Levawn. 
Eochy,  the  chieftain,  received  him  cordially 
as  was  his  wont.  Strange  to  say,  he,  like 
his  guest,  had  but  one  eye.  When  the 
Druid  departed  from  the  castle,  he  declined 
all  the  noble  gifts  his  host  pressed  upon 
him,  but  demanded  from  his  entertainer 
the  present  of  liis  only  eye.  Eochy,  im- 
pelled by  a  generosi  ty  that  had  never  said  Nay 
to  a  request,  at  once  tore  it  from  its  socket, 
and  bestowed  it  upon  his  unnatural  guest. 
Thei-e  chanced,  however,  to  be  a  holy  man 
living  with  the  outraged  Eochy;  who,  in- 
dignant at  such  ingratitude,  prayed  fer- 
vently that  the  Druid's  eye  might  depart 
from  its  place,  and,  together  with  his  own, 
become  the  property  of  Eochy.  His  apjjeal 
to  Heaven  was  heard — the  Chief  became 
miraculously  possessed  of  two  eyes,  and  the 
Druid  departed  for  ever  blind.  Hence 
this  peerless  host  and  his  posterity  have 
carried  this  unparalleled  instance  of  mag- 
uanimity  to  all  time  in  their  name,  Su'd- 
Levawn — Levawn's  eye  !  " 

SUMMER.     See  Times  and  Seasons. 

SUM]\IERBEE.     See  Somerby. 

SUMPTION.  This  very  remarkable 
name  appears  to  be  a  contraction  of  "  As- 
sumption "  (i.e.,  of  the  Virgin  Mary),  the 
church  festival,  and  to  be  cognate  with 
Pentecost,  Chi-istmas,  Easter,  &c. 

SUNDAY.     See  Times  and  Seasons. 

SUNNER.  A  Lancashire  corruption  of 
Sumner  or  Somner. 

SURREY.     See  Counties,  names  of. 

SURTEES.  An  ancient  Dnrliam  family, 
Barons  of  the  Palatinate,  who  took  their 
name  from  residence  Super  Tysam,  Sur 
Tees,  Upon  the  river  Tees,  their  chief  seat 
being  Dinsdale.  The  male  line  became 
extinct  at  an  early  period,  and  the  younger 
branches  fell  into  comparative  decay,  until 
within  the  last  few  generations,  when  by 
success  in  commercial  and  professional 
life,  and  by  alliances,  the  ancient  fortunes 
of  the  family  were  revived,  and  Dinsdale 
has  been  repurchased  by  the  representative 
of  the  name. 

SUSANS.  L  Suzanne-sur-Senelle,  near 
Coutances,  or  Suzanue-sur-Vire,  near  St. 
Lo,  in  Normandy.  2.  See  Female  Christian 
Names. 


SWA 


335 


SWE 


SUTER.     See  Souter. 

SUTHERLAND.     Sec  Urn-ray. 

SUTOR.   Lat.  A  shoemaker.  See  Souter. 

SUTTABY.     Sutterby,  co.  Lincoln. 

SUTTON.  In  A-Sax.  charters  Sud-tihi 
— '  the  southern  homestead  or  enclosure' — 
a  name  consequently  of  very  common  ap- 
plication. Besides  single  farms  and  minor 
divisions,  there  are  more  than  sixty  Suttons 
among  the  parishes  and  other  civil  and  ec- 
clesiastical districts  of  England.  Heraldiy 
also  attests  the  commonness  of  the  sur- 
name by  more  than  fifty  coats  assigned  to 
it.     See  Norton,  Easton,  and  Weston. 

According  to  Dugdalc  the  descent  of  the 
Suttons,  Barons  Dudley,  temp.  Elizabeth, 
was  uncertain,  some  genealogists  deducing 
them  "from  Sutton  of  Sutton  in  Holder- 
uesse;  some  from  the  Suttons  of  Sutton- 
]\Iadoc  in  Shropshire ;  but  others  from 
Sutton-upon-Trent,  near  Newark,  whence 
the  Suttons  of  Aram,  near  at  hand,  are 
descended. 

The  baronet  (Sutton  of  Norwood)  de- 
duces his  pedigree  from  Roland,  son  of 
Hervey  de  Sutton,  of  Sutton-upon-Trent,  co. 
Nottingham,  who  lived  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  III. 

SWABEY.  I.  The  Swabeys  of  Buck- 
inghamshire are  descended  from  George 
Swebe  or  Swebey,  of  German  extraction, 
who  settled  in  St.  Jlary's  Lambeth,  about 
the  year  1584.  B.L.G.  2.  Swaby,  a  parish 
in  Lincolnshire. 

SWAFIELD.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

B^°  SWAIN.  The  A-Sax.  swcui,  a  pastoral 
servant,  and  the  Scand.  Sweyn,  a  proper 
name  originally  of  the  same  import, 
have  impressed  themselves  upon  many 
localities,  which  in  their  turn  have 
given  designations  to  families.  Among 
those  which  do  not  occur  in  gazetteers 
are  Swainston,  Swainsland  (now  Sways- 
land),  Swanstou,  and  others. 

SWADTE.  SWAYNE.  L  A  Scan- 
dinavian personal  name  of  great  antiquity, 
introduced  here  under  the  Danish  rule. 
Domesday  shows  us  several  persons  (tenants 
in  chief  and  otherwise)  called  Svain,Suain, 
Suanus,  Suuen,  Swen  or  Sueno,  some  of 
whom  are  specifically  stated  to  have  held 
lands  under  Edward  the  Confessor.  Suain 
of  Essex,  supposed  by  Morant  to  have  been 
of  Danish  origin,  was  ancestor  of  the 
famous  Henry  de  Essex,  temp.  Henry  II. 
2.  The  A-Sax.  sivaii :  see  previous  article. 
Tlie  forms  in  the  Eotuli  Hundredorum  are 
Le  Swein,  Le  Sweyn,  and  Sweyn. 

SAVAINSON.  See  under  Swaine.  The 
name  of  Sweynson  has  existed  for  ages  in 
Denmark.  In  the  XI.  and  XII.  centuries 
we  find  it  liere  in  the  forms  of  Filius  Suani 
and  Fitz- Swain.  In  Domesday  the  wife  of 
Edw.  filius  Suani  was  a  chief-tenant  in 
Essex.  The  well-known  ascendancy  of  the 
Danes  in  Yorkshire  from  the  time  of 
Ethelred,  A.D.  8G8,  downwards,  accounts 
for  that  district  being  the  principal  habitat 


of  tlie  name.  The  Swaynsons  were  located 
at  Briggeholme,  in  the  parish  of  Giggles- 
wick,  eai'ly  in  the  XII.  century,  and  they 
remained  in  that  district  until  the  middle 
of  the  XVIII.  Early  in  the  XII.  century 
Adam  Fitz-Swain  or  Swainson,  was  lord  of 
Hornby  Castle.  "  You  have  the  advan- 
tage (says  the  Rev.  Jos.  Hunter,  addressing 
one  of  the  family,)  of  having  had  a  line  of 
ancestors  living  in  a  good  position  in  the 
county  where  Sweyn,  the  son  of  Alaric, 
and  Adam,  the  son  of  Sweyn,  had  such 
large  possessions."  Beatson's  Polit.  Index, 
i.  4.  Inf.  Rev.  Edw.  C.  Swaynson,  M.A., 
the  existing  representative  of  the  family. 

SWALE.     A  river  of  Yorkshire. 

SWALLOW.  L  A  parish  in  Lincoln- 
shire. 2.  Metaphorically  applied  to  a  per- 
son swift  of  foot,  like  the  Fr.  Hirondelle. 

SWAN.  SWANN.  I.  Perhaps  the 
same  as  Swaine.  2.  The  bird  was  famous 
in  old  heroic  times,  both  as  a  dainty  of 
the  table,  and  as  an  heraldric  badge.  Edw. 
III.  used  to  swear  by  it.  See  Curios. 
Herald.  154.  One  Bartholomew  le  Swan 
occurs  in  the  archives  of  Battel  Abbey. 
3.  Sn-dn,  A-Sax.,  a  herdsman  or  pastoral 
servant. 

SAVANBOROUGH.  A  hundred,  and  an 
estate,  near  Lewes,  Sussex. 

SWANN  ELL.  1.  Ferguson  considers  It 
a  diminutive  of  Swan.  The  corresponding 
rfame  Suanila  is  found  in  Germany  so  early 
as  the  VII.  century.  2.  Perhaps  from 
S7nm,  and  hah,  '  swan-necked,'  a  compli- 
mentary epithet  sometimes  applied  to 
Anglo-Saxon  ladies. 

SWANTON.     Three  parishes  in  Norfolk 

are  so  called. 
SAVATTON.     A  parish  In  Lincolnshire 

(Swaton). 
SWAYNSON.     See  Swainson. 

SWAYSLAND.  This  name  Avas  written 
in  East  Sussex,  in  the  XVI.  century, 
Swaynesland.     See  Swain. 

SWEAR.  Scottish.  Lazy,  indolent. 
Jamieson. 

SWEATIklAN.  SAVEETIMAN.  Swet- 
man  occurs  on  A-Sax.  coins  as  the  name  of 
a  moueyer  ;  and  before  and  at  the  making 
of  Domesday,  there  existed  a  certain  Saxon 
freeman  called  Suetman  and  Suetmanus. 

SWEDEN.     From  the  country. 

SWEDENBANK.  Possibly  a  corrup- 
tion of  Swinton-Bank,  an  estate  in  the 
parish  of  Peebles,  in  Scotland. 

SWEENY.     See  Mac  Sweeny. 

SWEET.  1.  See  Suett.  2.  Probably 
an  A-Sax.  personal  name,  having  reference 
to  character.  Sweeting  and  Sweetlove 
seem  to  belong  to  the  same  class.    Ferg. 

SWEET  APPLE.  Doubtless  either  a 
gross  corruption  or  a  sobriquet.  Near 
Godalming  in  Surrey,  this  delightful  name 
is  counterpoised  by  that  of  Bitteqilum. 


S  W  I  336 


SWY 


SWEETING.  An  old  A-Sax.  personal 
name  ;  a  patronymic  of  Sweet,  which  see. 
In  Domesdaj',  Sueting,  Suetingus,  &c. 

SWEETLOVE.     See  Sweet. 

SWEET]\IAN.     See  Swetman. 

SWEETSER.  SWEETSUR.  A  native 
of  Switzerland  was  formerly  called  a 
Switzer  ;  especially  one  of  the  hired  guards  ; 
a  mercenary  soldier.  The  Switzers  were 
generally  fat  men,  and  hence  the  distich 
quoted  by  Cotgrave  : — 

"  A  Suil.tei-'s  bellie  and  a  drunkard's  face, 
Are  no  true  signes  of  penitentiall  grace." 

SWEPER.  The  man  who  managed  the 
sn-ejje,  an  engine  of  war  for  casting  stones, 
more  usually  called  a  hilista  or  mangonel, 
and  much  in  use  before  the  invention  of 
gunpowder. 

SWEPSTONE.  Sweepstone,  ^co.  Lei- 
cester. 

SWETENHAM.  SWETNAM.  See 
Swettenham. 

SWETjMAN.     An  A-Sax.  personal  name. 

SWETTENHAM.  The  family  are  said 
to  have  been  seated  at  Swettenham,  in 
Cheshire,  before  the  Conquest,  and  there 
the  male  succession  continued  till  1788. 
The  name  is  still  borne  by  a  descendant  of 
the  female  line,  who  is  owner  of  Swetten- 
ham. 

SWIFT.  From  speed  of  foot.  Swift 
and  Swyft,  as  also  Celer,  are  found  in  H.R. 

SWILLINGTON.  A  place  in  the  West 
Riding  of  Yorkshire.  To  this  family  be- 
longed Adam  dc  Swillington,  who  had 
summons  to  Parliament  as  a  Baron,  3. 
December,  132G. 

B^  SWIN.  SWINE.  A  Sax.  s;i7'«,  a  pig. 
This  is  the  initial  syllable  of  many 
names  of  places,  and  of  fiimilies  bor- 
rowed from  them,  and  points  to  those 
eai'lj'  days  when  the  wild  boar  roamed 
over  our  great  forests.  Among  other 
surnames  may  be  cited  Swinburn, 
Swineston,  Sw)'nford,  Swinnerton, 
Swinshead,  Swindale,  Swindon,  Swin- 
stead,  Swinfen,  Swinton. 

SWINBURNID.  A  townsliip  in  the 
parish  of  Chollerton,  co.  Northumberland, 
which  was  i^ossessed  by  the  first  recorded 
ancestor,  John;  father  of  Sir  William  de 
Swinburne,  who  was  living  in  1278,  and  of 
Alan  Swinburne,  rector  of  AVhitfield,  who 
purchased  Capheatou  (the  present  abode  of 
the  family)  from  Sir  Thomas  Fenwick  in 
1274.  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 
Sir  William  de  Swinburne,  just  mentioned, 
held  Chollerton  under  the  Umfreville 
fomil}',  and  the  arms  of  the  Swinburnes 
are  evidently  derived  from  those  of  Umfre- 
ville. 

SWINDELLS.  A  corruption  of  sjimie- 
dale,  the  valley  of  swine  ;  or  it  may  be  the 
same  as  Swindle.  Swindale  is  a  cliapelry 
m  the  hundred  of  Shap,  co.  Westmore- 
land. 


SWINDLE.  R.G.  16.  1.  According  to 
HalHwell,  sivindle  is  a  provincialism  used  in 
the  North  for  spindle.  2.  Perhajjs  a  cor- 
ruption of  Swindale,  co.  Westmoreland. 

SWINDLER.     R.G.  16.      A   maker    of 

spindles.     See  Swindle. 

SWINEHAM.  A  place  near  Battel 
Abbey,  Sussex. 

SWINESHEAD.  Does  not  refer  to  the 
"  pig-headedness  "  of  the  race,  but  to  their 
ancient  residence  in  Lincolnshire,  famous 
in  old  times  for  its  Abbey,  and  the  disaster 
of  king  John. 

S^VINESTEAD.  A  parish  in  co.  Lin- 
coln. 

SWINFEN.     A  hamlet  in  the  parish  of 

Wreford,  co.  Stafford,  where  the  "  very 
ancient  family  "  mentioned  in  BosAvell's 
Life  of  Johnson  were  seated  in  early 
times. 

SWINFORD.     Parishes  in  cos.  Leicestei' 

and  Stafford. 
SWINGLER.     Probably  a  flax-dresser. 

See  Halliwell,  under  '  swingle.' 

SAVINNERTON.  A  parish  in  co.  Staf- 
ford. 

SWINSON.  A  contraction  of  Swain-- 
son. 

SWINTON.  1.  Two  townships  and  a 
chapelry  in  Yorkshh-e.  2.  The  Swintons 
of  Swinton  Bank,  co.  Peebles,  derive  their 
origin  from  the  Ijarony  of  Swinton  in  Ber- 
wickshire, and  from  a  Saxon  proprietor 
called  Edulphus  dc  Swinton,  who  flourished 
in  the  reigns  of  Macbeth  and  Malcolm 
Canmore.  B.L.G.  The  family,  who  con- 
tinue to  write  themselves  '  of  that  Ilk,' 
have  numbered  some  distinguished^  mili- 
tary men.  among  whom  stands  conspicuous 
Sir  John  Swinton,  who,  at  the  battle  of 
Beauge  in  France,  killed  the  Duke  of 
Clarence,  brother  of  King  Henry  V. 
"And  Swinton  placed  tlie  lance  in  rest, 
Tliat  iiumbled  erst  the  sparkling  crest 
Of  Clarence's  I'lantagenet." 

Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel. 

SAVIRE.  SWYER.  Swyre,  co.  Dor- 
set. 

SWITHIN.  A  well-known  Anglo-Sax. 
personal  name,  rendered  illustrious  by  St. 
Swithin,  bishop  of  Winchester,  who  died 
A.D.  sr,2. 

SWONNELL.     See  Swannell. 

SWORD.  From  the  weapon.  It  has 
several  compounds,  us  Brownsword,  Green- 
sword,  Longsword,  &c. 

SAVORDER.  A  sword-player,  or  a 
juggler  ^vith  svrords.  For  a  description  of 
tins  medieval  pastime,  see  Strutt's  Sports 
and  Pastimes,  Edit.  183-1.  p.  259. 

SAVYNFEN,     See  Swinfen. 

SAVYNNERTON.     An  ancient  knightly 

family  of  Staffordshire,  descended  from  Sir 
Roger  de  Swynncrton,  who  was  lord  of  the 
manor  of  Swynnerlon,  3i.     Edward  1. 


T  A  B 


337 


TAI 


SYDENHAISI.  Parishes  in  Kent,  Devon, 
and  Oxfordsbire. 

SYDNEY.  The  founder  of  this  family 
in  England  was  Sir  William  Sydney, 
Chamberlain  of  King  Henry  II.,  who  came 
from  Anjou  with  that  monarch,  and  was 
buried  at  Lewes  Priory  in  1188.  Baronage. 
The  name  is  said  to  be  a  corruption  of  St. 
Denis. 

SYDSERF.  Said  to  be  "of  that  Ilk;" 
but  the  Gazetteer  of  Scotland  mentions  no 
such  place. 

SYER.  1.  Perhaps  the  same  as  Sayer. 
2.  Possibly  the  0.  French  siciir,  a  sawyer, 
or  sometimes  a  reaper.  H.R.  Le  Syer 
and  Fil.  Syer. 

SYKES.  JNIay  be  a  nickname  for  Simon, 
like  Gilkes  for  Gilbert,  Hicks  for  Isaac,  &c. 
It  may,  however,  be  local,  as  a  sike  in  some 
dialects  means  a  small  rill,  spring,  or  water- 
fall. 


SYLVESTER. 

name. 


An    ancient    personal 


SYLVIUS.  The  classical  personal 
name. 

SYMBARBE.     See  St.  Barbe. 

SYME.      A  nickname  of  Simon,  whence 

Symes. 

SYMES.     See  Simon. 

SYMM.     See  Simon. 

SY:M0XDS0N'.     See  Simon. 

SYMONS.     SYJNIONDS.     See  Simon. 

SYMPSON.     See  Simon. 

SYMS.     See  Simon. 

SYNNOT.  "  Descended  from  an  ancient 
and  honourable  stock,  of  Norman  extrac- 
tion. They  were  possessed  of  lands  in  Ire- 
land from  the  time  of  the  Invasion,  and  in 
the  county  where  they  first  found  footing." 
D'Alton.  In  the  year  1365  the  name  was 
written  Sj'nath.  The  account  in  B.L.G. 
derives  them  from  a  Marquis  of  Lusignan, 
whose  descendants  came  into  England,  at  or 
soon  after,  the  Norman  Conquest. 


X  AAFE.  Lord  Taafe's  ancestors  were  a 
Welsh  family,  who  settled  in  Ireland  at  the 
English  invasion.  In  1287  flourished  Sir 
Nicholas  Taafe,  whose  son,  John  Taafe, 
was  consecrated  Archbishop  of  Armagh. 
D'Alton. 

TABARD.  A  kind  of  medieval  coat, 
which  still  forms  part  of  the  costume  of  the 
Heralds.  It  was  adopted  for  an  inn  sign 
in  the  fourteenth  century,  ami  was  the  de- 
notement of  the  famous  tavern  in  Soiith- 
wark,  from  which  Chaucer's  immortal  Pil- 
grims set  forth  for  Canterbury. 

"  Byfel  that  in  a  seasoun  on  a  day, 
In  Southwcrk  at  the  Tabbard  as  I  lay, 
Redy  to  wenden  on  my  iiilgrimage 
To  Canterbury  with  devout  corage." 


See  under  Tabor.     Le 


TABBERER. 
Taburer.     H.R. 

TABBY.  Supposed  to  be  a  corruption 
of  At- Abbe)'',  from  residence  near  a  monas- 
tery.    Compare  Trill,  Tash,  Teeth,  &c. 

TABER.     See  Tal)or. 
2  ;v 


TABERISrACLE.  Perhaps  a  corriiption 
of  Tabernator,  the  latinized  form  of  Taver- 
uer.     See  H.R. 

TABOIS.     See  Talboys. 

TABOR.  A  contraction  of  tabourer^  one 
who  plays  on  a  small  drum. 

"  Would  I  could  see  this  fabovrer." 

— Shakespeare, 

"  I  saw  a  shole  of  shepherds  out  go, 
Before  them  yode  a  lusty  icbrcre, 
That  to  the  merry  hornpipe  plaid, 
"Whereto  they  danced." 

— Spenser. 

TACKLEY.  A  parish  in  Oxfordshire, 
where  the  family  were  resident  temp. 
Ed'ivard  I.  De  Tackele,  De  Takeleye,  &c. 
H.R. 

TADLOO.  Tadlow,  co.  Cambridge.  De 
Tadclowe,  H.E.,  in  that  shire. 

TAGGART.  The  Gaelic  Mac  Taggart, 
sans  ]\Iac. 

TAILBOYS.     See  Talboys, 


TAL 


338 


TAN 


TAILBUSH.     See  Talboys. 

TAILOR.  From  the  trade.  It  is  much 
more  frequentl)'  written  Taylor.  The  forms 
ill  H.E.  are  Le  Taillur,  Le  Taihir,  Le 
Talj'ur. 

TAILYOUR.  An  old  Scotch  ortho- 
graphy of  Tailor. 

TAIT.  Teit  was  a  personal  name  in 
Norway  in  the  XI.  cent.  See  the  Heims- 
kringla.  The  name  is  sometimes  varied  to 
Taitt,  Taite  and  Tate, 

TALBOT.  This  ilhfetrious  family  trace, 
sine  JUatii,  to  the  great  Domesday  tenant, 
Eichard  Talebot.  Mr.  Shirley,  in  his  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men,  remarks,  that  "  no  family 
in  England  are  more  connected  with  the 
history  of  our  country  than  this  noble 
race;  few  are  more  highly  allied.  The 
]Marches  of  Wales  appear  to  have  been  the 
original  seat ;  afterwards  we  find  the  Tal- 
bots  in  Shropshire,  in  Staffordshire,  and 
lastly  in  Yorkshire." 

In  Ireland  the  settlement  of  a  branch  of 
the  family  is  coeval  with  the  English  rule, 
Henry  II.  having  granted  IMalahide  to 
Eicliard  Talbot,  whose  lineal  descendant. 
Lord  Talbot,  writes  himself  "  of  Malahide" 
to  this  day. 

This  name  is  not  territorial,  being  never 
prefixed  with  De.  I  have  ne^'er  seen  any 
attempt  to  explain  it.  A  talbot  in  heraldry 
is  a  hunting-dog,  but  of  tbe  history  of  the 
word  I  know  nothing.  Dr.  Johnson  defines 
it  as  "  a  hound,"  and  says,  though  incor- 
rectly, that  "  it  is  borne  by  the  house  of 
Talbot  in  their  ai-ins."  Concerning  the 
Talbot,  Legh  speaks  thus :  "  Isidore  Avryteth, 
that  these  houndes  pursue  the  foote  of  pray, 
by  sent  of  ye  same,  or  els  by  ye  bloucl 
thereof,  whether  it  be  ])y  night  or  daye.  But 
I  referre  the  judgment  of  that  to  them  that 
love  venison  so  well  as  will  jeopardie  a 
joynt  for  buck  or  doe.  This  hounde  is 
enemy  to  the  Catte."  Accedens  of  Armorv, 
edit.  15G2.  fo.  96.  d. 

TALBOYS.  Fr.  taille-hois,  literally 
"  cut-wood,"  analogous  to  Taillefer  (cut- 
iron),  allusive  probably  to  some  manual 
feat.  See  Bush.  The  surname  occurs  fre- 
quently in  Domesday.  Ivo  Tailgebosch, 
lord  of  Holland,  co.  Lincoln,  married 
Lucia,  sister  of  the  Saxon  Earls  Edwin 
and  Jlorcar;  andEalphand  Ivo  Tailgebosc, 
Tallebosc,  &e.,  were  tenants  in  Bedfordshire. 
Other  corruptions  of  tliis  name  are  Tail- 
boys,  Tabois,  and  Tallbush. 

TALKER.  First  applied,  probably,  to  a 
loquacious  person. 

TALL.  From  stature,  like  Long,  Short, 
&c, 

TALLAGE.  A  Cornish  surname,  found 
at  Peuryn  and  at  St.  Austell,  and  also  at 
Norwich,  where  a  branch  settled  about 
1750.  A  place  near  Peuryn  is  called  Tal- 
lack's  Style.  TJie  name  is  doubtless  Celtic, 
and  local.  There  is  a  place  in  Brecknock- 
shire called  Talach-Ddu. 

TALLBOYS.     See  Talboys. 


TALLIS.  O.  Fr.  taillis,  "  a  copse,  grove, 
underwood ;  such  wood  as  is  felled  or  lopped 
every  seven  or  eight  _years."  Cotgrave.  It 
may  be  regarded  as  the  Fr.  equi\'alent  of 
the  English  Shaw. 

TALLMAN.  Allusive  to  height  of  sta- 
ture. 

TALMACHE.  TALLEMACHE.  See 
Tollemache. 

TALMAGE.         TALMADGE.         See 

Tollemache. 

TALVAS.  Fr.  "  (allevas,  a  large,  mas- 
sive, and  old-fashioned  targuet  (shield) 
having  in  the  bottome  of  it  a  pike,  whereby, 
when  need  was,  it  was  stucke  into  the 
ground."     Cotgrave. 

TAME.  An  Oxfordshire  name,  probably 
from  the  river  Thame.  Alured  de  Tame 
occurs  in  Domesday.  The  armorials  of 
this  family,  a  dragon  and  a  lion  combatant, 
can  hardly  have  been  adopted  upon  the 
canting  or  allusive  principle. 

TAIMLYN.     See  Thomas. 
TA]\II\IADGE.     See  Tollemache. 

TAMPKINS.  A  northern  form  of  Tomp- 
kins. 

TAMPLIN.     See  Thomas. 

TAMPSETT.  A  northern  form  of 
Tompsett. 

TAMYS.  An  old  spelling  of  Thames, 
from  which  river  the  name  is  probably 
derived. 

TANCOCK.  Possibly  Dancock,  a  dimi- 
nutive of  Daniel. 

TAJS^CRED.  "  At  a  very  early  period, 
and  probably  not  long  after  the  Conquest, 
the  ancestors  of  this  family  were  seated  at 
Boroughbridge  (co.  Yorlv),  \\'hich  appears 
to  liave  been  ever  since  one  of  the  residences 
of  the  house  of  Tancred."  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men.  The  suruame  is  clearly 
Norman,  being  derived  from  the  personal 
name  Tancredus. 

TANFIELD.  Places  in  cos.  Durham, 
York,  &c. 

TANKARD.  A  vulgar  corruption,  as 
old  as  the  XIII.  cent.,  of  the  high-sound- 
ing, chivalrous,  Tancred.     H.E. 

TANKERVILLE.  An  ancient  barony 
in  the  arrondissemeut  of  Havre  in  Nor- 
mandy, called  in  records  Tancredi  villa; 
"  the  vill  of  Tancred,"  and,  at  the  present 
day,  Tancarville.  Tlie  ancient  barons  of 
Tancarville  were  hereditary  chamberlains 
to  the  Dukes  of  Normandy.  The  progenitor 
of  this  noble  house,  so  illustrious  both  in 
Normandy  and  England,  was  Ealph  de 
Tancarville,  founder  of  the  great  abbey  of 
St.  Georges  do  Bocherville,  and  chamber- 
lain and  preceptor  of  William  the  Conqueror, 
who  in  a  charter,  preserved  hj  Mabillon, 
calls  him  "  Eadulphus,  mens  magister, 
aulaxpie  et  camer;e  princeps."  See  Daw- 
son Turner's  Normandy,  ii.  4. 


TAR 


339 


TAY 


TANN.  A  contraction  of  St.  Anne.  So 
Tooley  from  8t.  Olave.  At  Fei'sfield,  co. 
Norfolk,  there  is  a  St.  Aone's  Well,  which 
is  vulgarly  known  as  Taun's  Well.  Blome- 
field's  Norf.  i.  70. 

TANNER.  A  well-known  occupation. 
In  H.R.  Tannour,  Le  Tannur,  Taunator, 
LeTauur,  &c. 

TANSLEY.     A  township  in  co.  Derby. 

TANSWELL.  The  family  can  trace 
only  to  1588,  in  the  county  of  Dorset. 
From  a  James  Tauswell  born  at  Buckland- 
Newtou  in  that  shire,  descend  the  Tans- 
wells,  the  Taswells,  and  the  Tazewells  of 
England  and  of  Virginia,  U.S.  There  is  a 
faint  tradition  of  a  French  extraction,  but 
I  think  the  name  is  clearly  of  English 
origin.  Tanswell  appears  to  be  a  contrac- 
tion of  St.  Anne's  Well.  St.  Anne  was  a 
great  patroness  of  wells,  and  there  are 
many  in  diflerent  parts  of  England  which 
bear  her  name.  See  under  Tann.  Other 
orthographies  of  the  name  are  Tarzwell, 
Tarswell,  Tasewell,  &c. 

TANTON.     Taunton,  co.  Somerset. 

TAPLADY.     See  Lady. 

TAPLEY.  Perhaps  TaploAv,  co.  Bucks, 
or  Tarporley,  co.  Chester. 

TAPLESr.     See  Thomas. 

TAPPENDEN.       x\u    ancient    Kentish 

family,  long  resident  at  Sittingbourne,  but 
originally  of  Tappenden,  otherwise  Toppen- 
den,  in  the  parish  of  Smardeu.  Hasted's 
Kent,  vii.  479. 

TAPPER.  The  masculine  of  Tapster, 
which  see.  In  the  N.  of  England  an  inn- 
keeper is  still  so  designated.  Le  Tapper. 
H.R. 

TAPSTER.  Originally  the  woman  (see 
ster) — afterwards  any  person,  who  had  the 
care  of  the  tap  in  an  inn.  A  Shakspearean 
word. 

TARBOTTON.  (Corruptly  Tarbottom.) 
Probably  Tarbolton,  a  parish  in  xVyrshire. 

TARBOX.     See  Torbock. 

TARDY.  Au  ancient  French  family, 
who  embracing  the  doctrines  of  the  Eefor- 
mation,  suffered  much  persecution,  both  in 
the  XVI.  and  XVII.  centuries.  They  re- 
sided for  many  generations  at  La  Trcm- 
blade,  in  the  province  of  Santonge.  The 
first  settler  in  Ireland  was  Monsieur  Elie 
Tardy,  who  took  up  his  residence  at  Dublin 
about  1760.     B.L.G. 

TARES.  Analogous  to  Peascod.  It  may 
be  regarded  as  the  English  equivalent  of 
Cicero.  Vetch  is  also  an  English  sur- 
name. 

TARGETT,  One  of  the  numerous  sur- 
names borrowed  from  Archery. 

TARLETON.  A  chapclry  in  Lancashire, 
parish  of  Crostou. 

TARRANT.  Several  places  in  Dorset- 
shire are  so  called. 


TARRING.  Two  parishes  in  Sussex  are 
so  called. 

TARSWELL.     The  same  as  Tanswell. 

TARZWELL.     See  Tauswell. 

TASEWELL.     See  Tanswell. 

TASn.  Said  to  be  a  contraction  of  At 
Ash,  from  residence  near  a  remarkable  tree 
of  that  kind.     So  Trill,  Teeth,  &c. 

TASKER.  A  labourer  who  receives  his 
wages  in  kind  for  a  certain  task.  Jamieson. 
In  England,  a  thrasher  or  a  reaper.  In  the 
Nominale  MS.  XV.  cent,  it  is  rendered 
trlturator.  Halliw.  Tasker  and  Le  Taskur. 
H.R. 

TASMAN.  O.  Dutch,  tas,  a  purse  or 
pouch,  and  mati.  The  great  navigator  of 
the  Southern  Ocean  so  called,  gave  his 
name  to  Tasmania. 

TASSELL.     A  contraction  of  Tattersal  ? 

TATE.  Tata,  an  A-Sax.  personal  name. 
See  also  Tait. 

TATESHALL.  Now  Tattershall,  co. 
Lincoln.  William  the  Conqueror  bestowed 
this  and  other  lands  upon  one  of  his  fol- 
lowers called  Eudo,  from  whom  descended 
Robert  de  Tateshall,  ^vho  built  Tattershall 
castle,  and  whose  son  was  created  Baron 
Tateshall  in  1295. 

TAT  HAM.     A  parish  in  co.  Lancaster. 

TATTBN.     A  corruption  of  Tatton. 

TATTERSALL.     See  Tateshall. 

TATTERSHALL.     See  Tateshall. 

TATNELL.  Probably  Tattenhall,  a 
parish  in  co.  Chester. 

TATTON.  A  township  in  Cheshire, 
which  ^vas  the  residence  of  this  family  in 
the  XII.  century. 

TATUJM.  See  Tatham,  of  which  It  Is  a 
phonetic  form. 

TAUNTON.  A  town  In  Somersetshli-e. 
B.L.G.  traces  the  Tauntons  of  Oxfordshire 
to  John  de  Tantone,  who  had  two  sons : 
Richard,  the  progenitor  of  the  family,  and 
John,  who  was  abbot  of  Glastonbury,  2, 
Edward  I. 

TAVERNER.        TAVENER.        The 

keeper  of  a  tavern  or  inn.     H.R.  Le  Taver- 
ner. 

"  riyght  as  off  a  tavernere. 
The  greeiie  l)usche  that  liangeth  out, 
Is  a  sygne,  it  is  no  dowte, 
Outward  ffoUvys  ffor  to  telle, 
That  within  is"  wyne  to  selle." 

MS.  Colt.  Tib.  A.  vii. 

TAWELL.     Local:  "the  well,  or  source, 

of  theTay?" 

TAWSE.  In  Scotland,  a  whip,  a  school- 
master's ferula,  or  any  other  instrument  of 
correction — but  wherefore  a  surname  ? 

T  A  YLEURE.  A  '  genteel '  form  of  Tay- 
lor.    See  anecdote  in  Eng.  Surn. 

TAYLOE.  An  American  refinement 
upon  Taylor.     Folks  of  Shields. 


TEL 


340 


T  E  M 


TAYLOR.  TAYLER.    The  well-known 

trade — sartor.  The  commouness  of  the  oc- 
cupation has  led  to  the  frequencj^  of  the 
surname,  which,  according  to  the  XVI. 
Report  of  the  Regist.  Gen.,  1856,  stands 
fourth  in  tlie  list  of  the  most  common 
family  names  in  England  and  AV^ales,  giving 
precedence  only  to  Smith,  Jones,  and  Wil- 
liams. Allowing  for  the  great  preponder- 
ance of  the  Joneses  and  Williamses  in 
Wales,  where  surnames  are  so  few,  Taylor 
may  fairly  challenge  the  right  of  standing 
next  to  Hmith  for  numerosity  in  Jinrjland, 
the  state  of  the  poll  for  birlhs,  deaths,  and 
marriages,  within  a  given  short  period, 
being — 

Fur  Smith,  33,557. 
Mir  Taylor,  16,775. 
A  really  ancient  and  i-espectable  fomily 
of  Taylor,  who  apparently  trace  to  Shadoc- 
liurst,  CO.  Kent,  and  the  middle  of  the  XIV. 
century,  absurdly  attempt  to  deduce  them- 
selves, though  witli  more  than  one  Jnatvs 
valde  defletulus,  from  "  Baron  Taillefer, 
who  accompanied  William  the  Conqueror 
in  his  invasion  of  Great  Britain  1  "  B.L.G. 
Tlie  H.R.  forms  are  Le  Taylir,  Le  Tayller, 
Le  Tayllour,  Le  Tayllur,  Taylour,  Taylur, 
&c. ;  and  there  is  one  Alicia  la  Taylurese. 

TEAR.  The  Gaelic  Mac  Tear,  deprived 
of  its  prefix. 

TEALE.  1.  Possibly  from  the  bird,  like 
Gander,  Swan,  &c.  2.  The  Scottish  teil,  a 
bus3^-body ;  a  mean  fellow.  Jamieson. 
The  word  in  this  sense  is  sometimes  written 
teal.     3.  Teil,  the  birch  tree.     Halliwell. 

TEASDALE.     See  Teesdals. 

TEBUTT.  A  possible  corruption  of 
Theobald.     H.R.  Tebbolt,  Tebawd,  &c. 

TEDD.     A  nursename  of  Edward. 

TEDNAMBURY.  A  corruption  of  St. 
Edmund's  Bury,  co.  Suffolk.  See  Ohaun- 
cey's  Hertfordshire,  p.  853. 

TEED.  Perhaps  a  nickname  of  Edward, 
more  commonly  pronounced  Ted. 

TEESDALE.  Doub tless  from  the  '  dale ' 
or  valley  of  the  Tees,  co.  Durham.  Comp. 
Surtees. 

TEETH.  May  be  a  sobriquet,  like  the 
Roman  Dentatus,  but  is  more  likely  a  con- 
traction of  At  Heath,  from  residence  upon 
cue. 

TEGG.  A  sheep  In  Its  second  year. 
Halliwell  quotes  from  Florio — "  A  terj  or 
sheepe  with  a  little  head,  and  wool!  under 
its  belly."  The  word  is  also  applied  by 
Palsgrave  to  a  young  deer  in  its  second 
year.     Comp.  Prickett. 

TELFER.  Fr.  tailh-fer.  A  name  of 
great  anticjuity.  The  exploits  of  the  noble 
jouglere  Taillefer  at  the  liattle  of  Hastings 
are  well-known.  "William,  Count  of 
Augoulesme,  in  a  battle  against  the  North- 
men, engaged  their  king  Storis,  and  with 
one  stroke  of  his  sword  Burimma,  forged 
by  the  great  Wayland  Smith,  cut  in  two  his 
body  and  cuirass.     Hence  he  acquired  the 


sobriquet  of  Taillefer,  or  "  cut  iron.''''  In  the 
XVI.  cent,  the  name  in  Scotland  was 
written  Tailzefer. 

TELFORD.     I  find  no  locality  so  called. 

Thomas  Telford,  the  great  engineer,  used 
to  say — "  When  I  ■was  ignorant  of  Latin,  I 
did  not  suspect  that  Telfer,  my  true  name, 
might  be  translated,  "  I  bear  arms,"  \_Tela, 
fcro  ?'\  and.  thinking  it  unmeaning,  adopted 
Telford."     See  Telfer. 

TELLIER.  O.  Fr.  telier,  a  linen-weaver. 
Nic.  le  Tellier  and  his  family,  Protestants 
from  Dieppe,  landed  at  Rye  in  1572. 
Lansd.  MSS.  15.  70. 

TELLWRIGHT.  The  patriarch  of  this 
name  probably  followed  the  trade  of  the 
great  Apostol.  Teld  is  the  A-Sax.  for  a 
tent  or  tabernacle,  and  tcldnnjrhta  for  a  tent 
maker.  It  frequently  occurs  in  medieval 
English. 

"  Alle  thiit  stode  on  ilk  n,  syde 
Had  Joye  to  see  Clement  ryde 
Byfore  the  Sowdan's  telde." 

MS.  Lincoln,  A.  i.  17.  {Ilalliicell). 

TEMES.  An  old  spelling  of  the  river 
Thames. 

TEIMPERLEY.  The  same  as  Tlmper- 
le}^ 

TE.MPEST.  This  family,  ^vho  are  doubt- 
less of  Norman  origin,  are  traced  to  Roger 
Tempest,  temp.  Henry  I.,  who  held  three 
carucates  and  two  oxgangs  of  land  in  the 
Shipton  Fee,  co.  York.  The  name  is  diffi- 
cult to  account  for  :  it  may  have  reference 
to  some  storm  which  the  first  bearer  en- 
countered. Perhaps  Cotgrave's  definition 
of  tempcste  may  help  us  to  its  real  import : 
"  stormed,  blustered,  tossed,  vexed:  hurried, 
harried,  taJ^cn  or  overtaken-  with,  Irolwn  or 
orerthron'ne  hi/,  a  tempest.'''' 

TEilPLAR.     See  Temple. 

TEMPLE.  The  pveceptorles  or  priories 
of  the  Knights-Templars  were  often  called 
Temples,  as  Temple-Bruer,  Temple-News- 
ham,  &c.,  and  even  manorial  residences 
and  estates,  belonging  to  them,  obtained  the 
same  dignified  appellation.  The  tenant  or 
bailiff  of  such  a  property  was  sometimes 
kuQwn  by  the  surname  At-Temple,  or 
Templeman  ;  for  example  at  Sompting,  co. 
Sussex,  where  this  order  possessed  lands, 
Peter  at  Temple  is  named  in  the  Nona  Ee- 
turn  of  loil.  In  the  previous  centmy,  De 
Temple,  Du  Temple,  Le  Templer,  &c.,  oc- 
cur in  H.R. 

"  This  family  of  Temple  are  said  to  be 
descended  from  Lcofric,  Earl  of  Chester, 
who  died  in  1057,  leaving  issue  Algar,  Earl 
of  Mercia  and  the  East  Angles,  and  a  sou 
Heniy,  who,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  I.,  ob- 
tained Irom  Bobert,  Earl  of  Leicester,  a 
grant  of  the  manor  of  Temple,  co.  Leices- 
tei',  from  whence  his  descendants  assumed 
their  name."     Courthope's  Debrett. 

TEMPLE^IAN.  See  Temple.  Le 
Templeman.    H.Il. 

TEMPLER.  Another  form  of  Temple- 
man, or  At  Temple. 


THA 


■•541 


T  II  I 


TEINIPLETON.  A  parish  in  Devon, 
and  a  village  in  Pembrokeshire. 

TEN.  Ferguson  considers  this  name 
identical  with  the  0.  Germ.  Tenno,  and 
the  mod.  Germ.  Tanno. 

TENDER.  An  attendant.  In  the 
Eastern  Counties  a  waiter  at  an  inn  is  so 
called. 

TENISOK  According  to  D  Alton's 
History  of  Ireland,  quoted  in  B.L.G.,  the 
Tenysons  or  Tenisons  are  of  English  ex- 
traction, and  tlie  name  is  supposed  to  be 
the  same  as  Tyneseude  in  the  H.ll.  of 
Oxfordshire. 

TENNANT.  TENNENT.  A  tenant  — 
one  who  holds  lauds  under  another. 

TENNELL.  An  O.  Germ,  personal 
name,  Tenil.     Ferguson. 

TENNYSON.     See  Ten  [son. 
TEPPER.     See  Tipper. 
TERRELL.     See  Tyrrel. 
TERN.     A  terii,  or  tarn,  is  a  small  lake. 
TERREWEST.      ?  Fr.  terre,  and  oiiest, 
the  western  laud  or  estate. 

TERRY.  Not  '  the  tearful  one  '  as  some 
etymologists  have  it,  but  a  corruption  of 
Theodoric,  the  personal  name,  like  the  Fr. 
Thierry.  In  H.R.  Terri  and  Terry  are 
without  prefix. 

TESTAR.     See  Tester. 

TESTER.  This  word  has  several  dis- 
tinct meanings.  As  a  surname  it  is  pro- 
bably derived  from  the  baptis)nal  Testard, 
which  is  found  in  a  Pipe  Roll  of  the  year 
1131.  Hozier.  Ann.  de  la  France,  deduces 
it  from  Guillaurue  "  Teste-hardie,"  Duke 
of  Burgundy,  early  in  the  XI.  century. 
Testard.     H.R. 

TESTIMONY.  A  XIII.  century  sur- 
name.    Testimonie.     U.K. 

TEVERSHAM.  A  parish  in  Cambridge- 
shire. 

TEWKESBURY.  A    town     in    co. 

Gloucester. 

TIIACKER.  A    provincialism    for 

Thatcher.  It  is  used  in  this  sense  by  va- 
rious old  writers.  "  The  original  meaning 
of  the  word  '  thack '  is  straw  or  rushes, 
our  Saxon  ancestors  using  no  other  cover- 
ing for  their  houses.  Afterwards  it  was 
extended  to  slate  and  tiles ;  and  he  who 
covered  a  building,  either  vdth  these  or  the 
more  ancient  materials,  was  called  a  tliaclicr 
orthatcher."  Hallamshire  Glossary,  p.  1G2. 

THACKERAY^  From  Thacker  ;  so 
Vicary  from  Vicar. 

THACKERY.     TIIACKWRAY.      See 

Thackeray. 
THACKWELL.         Clearly    local,    and 
may,  I  think,  be  a  contraction  of   "  At  the 
Oak  Well,^'  (A-Sax.  ac,  oak.)  Irom  the  resi- 
dence of  the  original  bearer  of  the  surname. 

THAIN.      THAINE.      "A   tlmue   was 


(in  like  manner  as  the  earl)  not  probably  a 
title  of  dignity,  but  of  service,  so  called  in 
the  Saxon  of  themati  (sei'vire,)  and  iu 
Latin  minister,  a  ministi'ando."  Spelman. 
TheA-Sax.  l/wf/n  is  equivalent  to  a  servant 
or  servitor.  Three  London  traders  bear 
this  ancient  and  honourable  name.  H.R. 
Le  Thcyn. 

THAMPSETT.     See  Thomas. 

THANKFUL.  A  sobriquet  applied  to 
one  who  made  great  show  of  gratitude? 
This  was  a  common  baptismal  name  in 
Puritan  times. 

THAR  P.  In  some  districts  Thorpe  is  so 
corrupted  ;  and  in  Hampshire  persons 
named  Sibthorp  are  called  Tliarp. 

THATCHER.  The  occupation.  See 
under  Thacker.  In  the  Hundred  Rolls, 
Le  Thechare,  Thacchere ;  also  the  Norm. 
French  foi'ms,  Le  Coverur,  Le  Covurtur,  &c. 

THEARLE.  Perhaps  a  mis-spelling  of 
Thorold. 

THELWALL.  A  chapehy  and  town- 
ship in  Cheshire. 

THELLUSSON.  Lord  Rendlesham's 
family  are  of  noble  French  extraction, 
and  traced  to  1328,  when  Frederick  de 
Thellusson,  called  Baron  St.  Saphoi-in, 
from  his  estate  near  Lyons,  accompanied 
Philip  VI.  of  France  into  Flanders.  His 
descendants  remained  in  France  until  the 
massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew,  1572,  when 
they  took  refuge  at  Geneva,  from  whence, 
about  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  came 
Peter  Thellusson,  who,  in  1797,  made  that 
monstrous  will  which  has  enriched  the 
lawyers  and  astonished  Christendom. 

THEOBALD.  The  personal  name  ;  from 
which  have  also  arisen  the  following  sur- 
names :  Theobalds,  Tibbald,  Tipple,  Tip- 
kins,  Tippet,  Tippets,  Tibbats,  Tibbets, 
Tibbs,  Tubb,  Tubbs,  Tubby. 

THEOBALDS.     See  Theobald. 

THEODORE.  The  well-known  personal 
name. 

THEROULDE.  A  French  refugee 
family.  The  name  is  identical  with  Thorold. 

THESIGER.  The  family  came  from 
Dresden  about  a  century  shice.  The  ortho- 
graphy has  been  much  altered. 

THICK.  Refers,  probably,  to  physical 
structure.     See  Tooke. 

THICKBROOM.  Probably  local  :  "  a 
place  where  the  broom-phuit  flourishes 
abundantly."  De  Tikebrom.  H.R  ,  co.  Suf- 
folk. 

THICKE.     See  under  Tooke. 

THICKNESSE.  Nexe,  or  nesse,  is  O.  Eng. 
for  nose,  from  A-Sax.  ncse  ;  and  this  name 
therefore  probably  refers  to  the  iJiiek  nose 
of  the  original  bearer. 

THIERRY.  This  is  the  modern  Fi-cnch 
form  of  Theodoric,  and  the  innnediate  an- 
cestor of  the  common  family  name  Terry. 


THO 


342 


TIIO 


Thieiy  ii.is  become  naturalized  among  lis. 
In  the  chancel  of  Hinton-Blewett,  co.  Somer- 
set, is  an  inscription  commemorative  of 
several  generations  of  a  family  bearing  it.  It 
l)egins  thus  :  "  In  memory  of  l;0uis  Thiery, 
who  was  born  in  France,  and  (being  perse- 
cuted for  true  religion)  came  over  to  this 
free  and  happy  Icingdom  about  the  year  of 
our  Lord  1C50,  and  was  buried  under  this 
stone  about  the  j'ear  IfiSO,"  On  a  tomb- 
stone in  the  church-yard,  however,  his 
death  his  iixed  in  the  year  1065.  From  a 
communication  to  Notes  and  Queries,  vol. 
XI.,  by  Eev.  C.  W.  Bingham,  who  adds  : 
"  In  my  boyhood,  and  probably  it  may  still 
be  so,  there  were  some  of  the  family  who 
were  farmers,  and,  I  think,  small  proprie- 
tors, though  their  name  was  universally 
corrupted  into  Carey." 

THILL.     By  crasis  from  «  At  the  Hill." 

THIMBLEBY.     A  parish  in   Lincohi- 
shire,  and  a  township  in  Yorkshire. 

THIN.     See  Thynne. 

THIRKLE.      A    contraction    of  Thur- 
kcttle. 

THIRTELL.    See  Thm-tell. 

THIRLWALL.  THIRLEWALL. 

Thirlewall  Castle,  now  a  picturesque  ruin 
in  Northumberland,  near  Gilslaud  Spa,  was 
the  residence  of  the  family  in  early  times. 
Thirlwall  is  on,  and  derives  its  name  from, 
tlie  celebrated  Roman  AVall,  ^vhich  at  this 
point  was  thirled  or  bored  through  (A-Sax. 
tliyrlian').  Some  have  imagined  that  the 
liarrier  was  here  breached,  but  it  seems 
more  jjrobable  that  ihathbiwas,  designedly 
and  originally  in  the  construction  of  the 
wall,  for  the  passage  of  the  impetuous  little 
river  Tipple.  A  gentleman  of  this  family 
gave  evidence  in  the  celebrated  Scrope  and 
Grosvenor  controversy,  about  the  right  of 
bearing  the  coat,  Azure,  a  bend  Or,  he  being, 
as  he  averred,  the  son  of  a  Thirlewall  who 
had  attained  the  great  age  of  seven  score 
and  five  years !  See  Nicolas'  Scrope  and 
Grosvenor  Cont.,  ii.  427. 

THIRLWAY.     A  modification  of  Thirl- 
wall. 

THISTLE.  Probably  borrowed  from 
heraldry,  like  Eose,  Lis,  &c. 

THISELTON.     Thistleton,   a  parish  in 
Rutlandshire. 
THISTLETHWAITE.     See  Thwaite. 

THISTLEWOOD.  Local  :  "  the  wood 
abounding  with  thistles." 

TIIOM.     See  Thomas. 

THOMAS.  The  Christian  name.  Though 
not  used  here  prior  to  the  Norm.  Conquest, 
this  has  become  one  of  the  commonest  of 
baptismal  appellatives  and  surnames.  It 
has  also  been  a  most  abundant  source  of 
derivatives  and  nicknames,  represented  in 
our  family  nomenclature  by  Thomason, 
Thomerson,  Thomson,  Thompson,  Tomp- 
son,     Thorn,    Thorns,     Toms,    Thomasct, 


Thomsett,  Tomset,  Tompsett,  Tomkin, 
Tompkins,  Tomkinson,  Thompkisson, 
Thomliu,  Tomlin,  Tomlins,  Thomlinson, 
Tomlinson.  In  the  North,  A  commonly  re- 
places 0,  and  hence  Thampsett,  Tampsett, 
Tamlyn,  Tamplin,  and  prol;iab]y  Taplin. 

Some  of  the  Welsh  families  of  Thomas 
are  of  antiquity,  though  the  surname  is, 
in  all  cases,  of  comparatively  recent  as- 
sumption :  e.  g. :  TiiOJiAS  of  Gelly  werneu, 
CO.  Carinarthen,  descends  from  Sir  Hugh 
Treherne,  one  of  the  Welsh  knights  who 
accompanied  the  Black  Prince  to  the  battle 
of  Poictiers  :  some  members  of  this  family 
have  recently  exchanged  the  name  for 
Treherne.  Thomas  of  Llwyn  Madoc,  co. 
Brecknock,  traces  his  pedigree  up  to  that 
prolific  source  of  noble  and  gentle  l;tlood, 
Elystan  Glodrydd,  Prince  of  Fferllys ;  and 
TiiOBiAS  of  Welfield,  co.  Radnor,  springs 
from  the  same  princely  origin, 

1TI0MASETT.     See  Thomas. 

THOMASON.     See  Thomas. 

THOi\IERSON.     See  Thomas. 

THOMLIN.     See  Thomas. 

THOMLINSON.     See  Thomas. 

THOMPKISSON.     See  Thomas. 

THOMPSON.  See  Thomas.  There 
are,  however,  parishes  in  cos.  Norfolk  and 
Dorset  so  called.  Almost  300  London 
traders  bear  this  name,  which,  according 
to  the  Registrar-General,  stands  t\\'euty- 
first  in  the  roll  of  connnon  surnames,  being 
rarer  than  Edwards,  and  more  common  than 
White.     See  Prelim.  Dissertation. 

THOMS.     See  Thomas. 
THOMSETT.     See  Thomas. 
THOxAISON.     See  Thomas. 
THORBURNE.     See  Thurbarn. 

THORESBY.  North  and  South  Thores- 
by  are  parishes  in  Lincolnshire.  The 
family  claim  a  Saxon  origin,  being  derived 
from  Gospatrick,  loid  of  Thoresby,  who 
was  living  at  the  time  of  the  Conquest. 

K^  THORNB.  A  component  syllalMe  of 
numerous  local  surnames,  im2:>lying  that 
thorn  trees  flourished  in  the  localities  ; 
as  Silverthorue,  Thorucroft,  Hawthorne, 
Thornhill,  Thornbury,  Thornford,  Thorn- 
wick,  &c. 

Some  of  these  may,  however,  be  com- 
pounds of  Thorno,  a  personal  name. 
See  next  Article,  2. 

THORN.  TIIORNE.  Parishes  and 
places  in  cos.  York,  Somerset,  and  Northum- 
berland. There  are  also  many  trivial 
localities  so  called,  in  many  counties.  In 
A-Sax.  charters,  tliorn-trees  frequently  oc- 
cur as  boundary-marks,  which  from  the 
great  longevity  of  the  tree  is  quite  natural ; 
and  the  word  enters  into  the  composition  of 
numerous  place-names.  In  medieval  writ- 
ings the  surname  Tlioru  is  latinized  De 
Spineto,  splnetum  being  equivalent  to  "  a 
bushy  place,"    or  thicket  of    thorns  and 


THO 


343 


THO 


brambles,  anglice  a  Sjnnney,  whence  that 
sixrname.  * 

There  have  doubtless  been  several  fami- 
lies of  this  name.  The  most  important  one 
were  the  Norman  Thorns  of  Thorn-Falcon, 
and  Thorn  St.  Margaret,  in  Somersetshire, 
who  held  under  Drogo,  of  the  castle  of 
Dunster,  and  gave  lands  to  Taimton  Priory. 
Domesd.  From  them  seem  to  have  branched 
off  the  Thorns  of  Devon,  Yorkshire,  Kent, 
Worcestershire,  Gloucestershire,  Northamp- 
tonshire, &c.  At  jMinster,  in  the  Isle  of 
Thanet,  co.  Kent,  one  of  i\\e  ancient  abodes 
of  the  family,  on  a  tomb  of  one  of  the 
female  members,  of  about  the  date  of  Edw. 
I.,  is  this  legend  : — 

"  ICI  GIST   EDILE    DE    TiIOKNE,   QUE  FUST 

d'na  del  Espina." 
(Here  lies  Edila  de  Thorne,  who  was  the 
Lady  of  the  Thorne.)  Hasted. 
In  a  list  of  persons  who  gave  lands  and 
slaves  to  Meaux  Abbey,  co.  York  (Cott. 
MS.  Vitell,  Cvj,  and  referring  to  circ.  A.D. 
1300)  is  this  entry:  "Walter,  son  of  Peter 
de  Spineto  (Thorn)  gave  us,  with  his  own 
bodj'  to  be  buried  in  our  house,  one  ox-gang 
of  land  at  Hornsburton,  and  Henry,  the 
son  of  Simon  the  tenant,  and  all  his  belong- 
ings."— "  Walterus  Alius  Petri  de  Spineto 
dedit  nobis,  cum  corpore  suo  apud  uos 
sepelieudo,  unam  bovatam  terre  in  Horus- 
burtone,  et  Henricum  filium  Symonis  ipsam 
tenentem  cum  sequela  sua."  The  last  who 
used  the  latinized  name  was  Sir  Guy  de 
Spineto,  lord  of  Coughton,  whose  heiress 
married  Throgmorton.  This  personage 
was  sometimes  gallicizcd  to  Sir  Guy  de  la 
Spine.  John  Thorne,  abbot  of  Reading,  a 
member  of  this  family,  who  became  histo- 
rical from  the  fact  of  Henry  VIII. 's  having 
starved  him  into  a  good  appetite,  and 
charged  him  a  hundred  pounds  for  the 
operation,  used  the  motto — 

S-EPE  great  PULCHRAS 

ASPERA  SPINA  ROSAS. 
His  kinsmen,  Robert  and  Nicholas,  bene- 
factors to  Bristol,  were  painted  by  Holbein, 
and  the  corporation,  in   gratitude,  placed 
over  the  picture  of  the  latter  the  v/iscrij}- 
tural  legend:    Ex  SPIKIS  UVAS  collegi- 
Jius  —  "We  have  gathered   grapes   from 
Thorns  /"     The  motto  over  Sir  Robert,  the 
father,  is — 
"  Spina  vocor,  superest  tribuatur  gloria  ilanti 
Qua;  bona  paupenbus  Spina  dat  esse  Deo." 

Inf.  William  Thorn,  Esq.,  M.D. 

2.  Tiiorne  is  sometimes  derived  from  an 
A-Sax.  personal  name.  An  individual 
called  Simon,  the  son  of  Thorne,  was  lord 
of  the  manors  of  North  Allerton  and  Tod- 
wick  (Elreton  and  Todeswick)  in  Yorkshire, 
at  the  time  of  the  Conquest.  These  manors 
William  seized,  and  gave  them,  together 
with  Simon's  daughters,  in  marriage  to 
three  of  his  followers — one  of  the  young 
ladies  being   assigned  to  Himiphrey,    his 


*  It  appears  tbat,  in  some  counties,  a  sjn'nnei/  means 
anj'  rough  growtli,  liowevcr  extensive,  of  underwood 
and  bushes  of  whatever  liind;  but  there  can  be  no 
doubt  that  the  word  origmally  had  the  signification 
here  attributed  to  it. 


man-at-arms ;  another  to  Raoul,  called 
Tortes-mains  ;  and  the  third  to  an  esquire, 
Guillaunre  de  St.  Paul.  Thierry's  Norm. 
Conq. 

TIIORLEY.  Parishes  in  Hertfordshire 
and  Hampshire. 

TliORNBURY.  Parishes  and  places  in 
COS.  Devon,  Gloucester,  Hereford,  &c. 

THORINGTON,   THORRINGTON. 

Parishes  in  Suffolk  and  Essex. 

THORNES.  "  The  name  is  local,  from 
Thornes  in  the  parish  of  Shenstone,  in  the 
countj"^  of  Stafford,  where  Robert,  son  of 
Roger  de  hi  Thorne,  was  resident  early  in 
the  fourteenth  century."  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men. 

THORNEYCROFT.     See  Thornicroft. 

TIIORNICROFT.  An  estate  in  the 
hundred  of  Macclesfield,  co.  Chester. 
Thornicroft  Hall  was  the  seat  of  the  family 
for  fully  500  years.  See  Ormerod's  Cheshire. 

THORNTHWAITE.  Places  in  cos. 
York  and  Cumberland. 

THORNHILL.  A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 
The  family,  who  were  there  seated  until 
the  elder  line  ended  in  an  heiress,  io.  Edw. 
III.,  traced  their  descent  from  Gerneber,  a 
noble  Saxon,  \vho  possessed  large  tracts  of 
land  before  the  Conquest.     B.L.G. 

"  Descended  from  the  Thornhills  of 
Thornhill,  in  the  Peak  of  Derbyshire, 
wlicre  they  were  seated  as  early  as  the 
seventh  of  Edward  I."  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men,  (Tliornhill  of  Stanton). 

THORNTON.  Parishes  and  places  in 
cos.  Bucks,  Durham,  Lancaster,  Leicester, 
1-iucoln,  York,  Chester,  and  Northumber- 
land. Yorkshire  abounds  with  jjlaces  so 
called.  Thorne  appears  to  have  been  an 
old  Anglo-Saxon  personal  name ;  and 
hence  Thornton  may  mean  the  homestead 
of  Thorne. 

THORNWELL.  Thornville,  a  township 
in  CO.  York. 

THOROLD.  A  Teutonic  personal  name 
of  great  antiquity,  which  has  given  rise  to 
a  family  name  very  widely  spread,  and 
much  varied  in  spelling  and  pronunciation, 
the  principal  forms  being  Thoro]d,Turrold, 
Tyrell,  Torel,  Turrell,  Tourelle,  Torill, 
Tourle,  Turl,  &c.,  &c..  Sec.  It  comes  to  us 
from  Normandy,  where  Turold  was  one  of 
the  preceptors  of  William  the  Conqueror, 
and  his  Grand-Constable  at  the  time  of  the 
Conquest.  The  name  of  TuROLD  occurs 
upon  the  Bayeux  Tapestry,  designating  one 
of  the  ambassadors  dispatched  by  the  Nor- 
man Duke  to  Guy,  Earl  of  Pouthieu,  and 
it  is  supposed  that  the  Turold  there  repre- 
sented was  the  Grand- Constable.  Dawson 
Turner's  Touv  in  Normandy,  ii.  104.  This 
celebrated  man  gave  his  name  to  the  town 
of  which  he  was  lord  and  founder,  viz., 
Burgos  Thoroldi,  now  Bourgtheroude,  a 
few  miles  S.W.  of  Rouen.  In  Domesday, 
we  find  a  Gilbert  filius  Turoldi  among  the 
tenants  in  chief  of  the  counties  of  AVor- 


THO 


344 


TH(J 


cester,  Hereford,  Camljridge,  aud  Warwick ; 
while  an  Ubert  filiiis  TuroJdi,  lield  a  like 
position  in  the  second  named  shire.  "Whether 
these  were  sons  of  the  Grand-Constable 
does  not  appear.  This  seems  probable, 
though  as  there  are  many  tenants  called 
Turokl  in  that  record,  it  is  not  positively 
certain.  Under  Essex,  appears  one  Walterus 
Tirelde,  who  is  by  some  supposed  to  be  the 
Walter  Tirel  who  shot  Rufus.  Morant's 
Essex,  i.  244. 

But  Thorold  was  also  a  distinguished 
name  among  the  Old  Norse  and  the  Anglo- 
Saxons.  Thorold  of  Buckenhale  was 
sheriff  of  Lincolnshire  in  1051.  See  Eng. 
Sum.  i.  27.  The  Thorolds  of  Marston,  in 
this  shire,  baronets,  claim  descent  from 
tliat  personage.  For  this  Mr.  Shirley 
thinks  there  is  no  evidence  or  authority, 
although  hs  admits  the  "  very  great  anti- 
quity "  of  the  family,  dating  to  the  reign 
of  Henry  I.     Noble  aud  Gentle  Men. 

THOROUGHGOOD.  Not  so  good  as 
it  seems,  however  ;  for  it  lias  no  reference 
to  moral  excellence.  Turgod  is  a  Domes- 
day baptismal  appellation,  and  ThTU-good  a 
Danish  name,  which  has  probabl)'  been 
improved  (.')  to  this  orthography.  See 
however,  Thorowgood. 

THOROWGOOD.  From  the  Encydop. 
Herald,  it  appears  that  a  family  of  Thorow- 
good, resident  at  a  place  so  called  in  Hert- 
fordshire, obtained  a  grant  of  arms  so 
recently  as  the  last  centurj'. 

THORP.  See  Thorpe.  The  Thorps  of 
Ryton,  CO.  Durham,  are  said  to  be  des- 
cended from  Robert  Thorpe,  of  Thorpe, 
near  Wellwyke,  in  Holderness,  who 
flourished  in  the  reign  of  King  John. 
B.L.G. 

^i"  THORPE.  THORP.  _  A  common 
local  surname,  tliere  being  numerous 
parishes  in  England  so  designated, 
besides  an  infinite  number  of  smaller 
districts.  As  a  tervii nation  it  is  like- 
wise very  common,  as  in  Althorpe.  Sib- 
thorpe,  Calthorpe,  Westhorpe.  A-Snx. 
and  old  Danish,  tliovp.  Germ.  doif. 
Worsaae  defines  it  as  "  a  collection  of 
houses  separated  from  some  principal 
estate — a  village."  It  was  in  use,  as  an 
English  word,  in  the  XVI.  century.  An 
old  translation  of  Fortescue,  De  Leg. 
Ang.  speaks  of  England  being  "  so  filled 
and  replenished  with  lauded  menue, 
that  therein  so  siaall  a  tliorpe  cannot 
be  found  wherein  dwelleth  not  a  knight, 
or  an  esquire,  or  such  a  householder  as 
is  called  a  franklein."  TimoP  is  a  cor- 
rupted iorm,  whence  the  surnames  Mil- 
throp,  Winthropp,  &c. 

THOUSANDPOUND.  A  thirteenth- 
century  surname.  The  French  have 
Centlivre  ('  hundred  pounds  ') — the  Dutch 
Hondertmark  ('  hundred  mai'ks  '),  worth 
five  of  the  Twentimarc  of  the  H.R.;  aud  at 
New  York  there  is  a  ilr.  Milledollar  whom 
Dixon  estimates  at  a  thousand  dollars 
(§1000) — b'atthat  is  of  course  his  nominal 
value  only. 


THRASHER.     The  occupation. 

THREDDER.  A  spinner  of  thread. 
Analogous  to  Roper,  Corder,  &c. 

THRELKELD.  A  chapelry  in  Grey- 
stoke  parish,  co.  Cumberland,  in  which 
county  the  De  Threlkelds  flourished  in  the 
XIV.  century,  and  prolmbly  earlier. 

THRESHER.     See  Thrasher. 

THREXTON.  A  village  in  Norfolk. 
The  common  people  of  that  county  have 
some  difficulty  in  pronouning  the  ilt,  and 
hence  this  local  surname  is  frequently  cor- 
rupted to  Trackson  and  even  to  Traction  ! 

THPvOCKIMORTON.  An  estate  in  the 
parish  of  Fladbury,  co.  Worcester,  where 
John  de  Trockemerton,  the  supposed  an- 
cestor of  the  famil^y,  was  living  about  tlae 
year  1200.  From  this  John  descended, 
through  many  generations,  another  John 
Throkmerton,  who,  according  to  Leland, 
was  "the  first  setter  up  of  his  name  to  any 
worship  in  Throkmerton  village,  the  which 
was  at  thattyme  neither  of  his  inheritance 
or  purchase,  but  as  a  thing  taken  of  the 
sete  (see)  of  Wicestre  in  farm;  b3'cause 
[wherefore]  he  bore  the  name  of  the  lorde- 
ship  and  village."  He  became  uuder- 
treasurer  of  England  about  temp.  Henry  V. 
Shirley's  Noble'and  Gentle  Men. 

ge^°  THROP.  A  termination — the  same  as 
Thorpe,  which  see. 

THPvOSSEL.     Tlie  throstle,  a  bird. 

THROWER.  The  masculine  of  ihrow- 
ster.  a  woman  that  throws  or  winds  silk  or 
thread.     A-Sax.  thrcman,  to  wind  or  twist. 

THRUPP.  A-Sax.  throj^  Primarily,  a 
meeting  of  cross-ways,  afterwards  a  village, 
because  villages  usually  spring  up  in  such 
spots.  See  Thorpe.  In  Wi  ight  and  Halli- 
well's  "  Reliquias  Antiqua^,"  vol.  ii.  68,  we 
read  : 

"  Tlierc  Steele  a  Ihrope  of  site  clelitable, 
111  M'liiche  that  pore  follce  of  that  ^^llf^ge 
Hadden  here  bestis  and  here  herborage." 

The   village   of  Thorpe   in    Oxfordshire  is 
pronounced  Thrupp  b}'  the  countrj^  people. 

THRUSH.     The  bird. 

THUNDER.  An  alias  of  Thor,  the 
Jupiter-Tonaus  of  Northern  mythology,  in 
A-Sax.  TJivncr,  Thiinor,  or  Thunder; 
whence  our  day  of  the  week  '  Thunres- 
daeg,'  now  contracted  to  Thursday.  The 
name  of  the  god  became  a  personal  name 
of  men  ;  e.  g.  Eoger  of  Windover,  under 
A.D.  G54,  mentions  an  Anglo-Saxon  called 
Thuner,  Avhom  he  styles  a  "  limb  of  the 
devil."  Ferguson.  On  the  South  Downs  near 
Brighton  is  a  tumulus  traditionally  known 
as  Thunder's  Bari'ow,  probably  the  grave  of 
a  Teutonic  chieftain.  Thunder's  Hill,  at 
Chiddingly,  co.  Sussex,  derives  its  name 
from  a  family  who  d^elt  there  in  the 
XA'II.  century. 

T  HUE  BARN.  TIIURBERN.  Thnr- 
bernus,  Thurbern,  Turbernus,  Turbern,  and 
numerous  other  modifications,  are  found  in 
Domesday,   generally  in  association  with 


T  H  W 


■345 


TIB 


tenants  who  had  held  prior  to  the  Conquest. 
It  appears  to  be  derived  from  the  Northern 
mythology,  and  to  signify  'the  sou  of  Thor, 
or  of  the  Thunderer.' 

THURGAR.  In  Essex,  the  same  as 
Thurgood,  or  Thoroughgood. 

THURGOOD.     See  Thoroughgood. 

THURKETTLE.  An  ancient  Scandl- 
na\-ian  name,  which  Grimm  fancifully 
derives  from  the  famous  hettlc,  that  Tlior 
captured  from  Hymir,  the  giant,  as  a  brew- 
ing-pot for  the  gods! 

THURLBY.  Parishes,  Src,  in  co.  Lin- 
coln. 

THURLO  W.  Great  and  Little  Thurlow 
are  parishes  in  Suffolk.  Lord  Thurlow's 
family  are  traced  to  the  adjoining  county  of 
Norfolk,  at  the  beginning  of  the  XV. 
century. 

THURNELL.     The  same  as  Thornhill. 

THURNHAM.  A  township  in  co.  Lan- 
caster. 

THURSBY.     Sec  Thoresby. 
THURSDAY.     See  Timhsand  Seasons. 

THURSFIELD.  A  chapelry  in  Staf- 
fordshire. 

THURSTON.  LA  parish  in  SulToIk.  2.  In 
some  cases,  perhaps,  from  the  Teutonic 
name  Turstin,  which  is  found  in  Domesday 
as  the  designation  of  persons  both  Norman 
and  Saxon.  One  Turstanus  is  there  des- 
cribed as  '  machinator  ' — probably  a  mili- 
tary engineer. 

THURTELL.  A  corruption  of  Thiir- 
kettle. 

^p"  THWAITE.     A  variety  of  opinions  as 
to  the  meaning  of  this  termination  has 
been  entertained.     In  Eng.  Sum.  I  de- 
fined it,  upon  the  authority  of  an  intelli- 
gent correspondent,  as  "  laud  reclaimed 
from  a  wood  or  forest;"  while  "a rough 
marshy  ground,"  and  "a  pasture,"  were 
also  suggested.  According  to  Yerstegan 
the  pluralized  variation,  Thwaytes,  sig- 
nifies a  feller  of  wood.  A  correspondent 
of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  August, 
1S.5G,  makes  it  '•  a  set  of  farm  buildings." 
I  think  the  origin  of  the  word  must  be 
looked  for  in  the  A-Sax.  verb  thveotan, 
to  cut  down,  and  that  it  means  an  ope_n 
space  cleared  in  a  forest.     I  find  this 
opinion  supported  by  Halliwell,  who  de- 
defines   it   as    -'land  which   was   once 
covered  with  wood,  brought  into  pas- 
ture or  tillage."     It  is,  therefore,  nearly 
or  quite  synonymous  with  i?t)yf/,  which 
see.     The  prefii  seems  sometimes  to  re- 
fer to  the  name   of   the  settler  who 
effected  the  clearing,  as  in  Adamthwaite, 
Simonthwaite,   Godderthwaite ;    some- 
times   to    the  trees,    &c.,    cleared,    as 
in    Thornthwaite,     Linethwaite,     Ha- 
thornthwaite,  Brackenthwaite,  (thorns, 
limes,  hawthorns,  brakes  or  fern);  so)ne- 
times  to  the  size  or  situation  oiVaGassart, 
as  in  Micklcthwaite,  Lowthwaite,  Cross- 
ly X 


thwaite ;  and  sometimes  to  less  intelli- 
gible causes.  The  termination  prevails 
in  the  counties  of  Cumberland,  West- 
moreland, and  North  Lancashire.  The 
following  surnames,  of  which  it  is  a 
component  syllable,  are  still  found  in 
that  part  of  England  : — 

Adamthwaite        Hathorn  thwaite 
Applethwaite         Husthwaile 
whence  Hnthwaite 

Apple\vhite  Lcwth^vaite 

Brackenthwaite     Linethwaite 
Brathwaite  Lowthwaite 

Blathwaite  Micklcthwaite 

Branthwaite  Murthwaite 

Bre\vth\vaite  Orthwaite 

Cornthwaite  Satterthwaite 

Coppcrthwaite       Simonthwaite 

whence  Stanthwaite 

Copperwheat         Tliackthwaite 
Cowperthwaite      Thistlethwaite 
Crossthwaite  Thornthwaite 

Dowth^va  ite  "Waberthwaite 

Godderthwaite 

Sonic  of  the  localities  can  be  identi- 
fied, but  for  the  most  part  the  surnames 
have  survived  the  local  designations 
from  which  they  were  adopted. 

THWAITES.     See  Thwaite. 

THWAYTES.     See  Thwaite. 

THYNNE.  The  fi^mily  of  Tlijnne  are 
a  branch  of  the  ancient  house  of  Botfield 
or  Botevile.  The  origin  of  this  surname  is 
very  singular.  About  the  reign  of  Edward 
IV.  the  elder  branch  of  the  Boteviles  or 
Botfields  of  Stretton  in  Shropshire,  where 
the  family  had  flourished  from  the  XIII. 
centuiy,  began,  for  some  unexplained  rea- 
son, to  write  themselves  De  le  Inn,  De  la 
Inne,  and  Of  the  Inne ;  and  this  last  form, 
in  a  generation  or  two,  settled  down  into 
Thynne.  Mr.  Ralph  Biglaud,  Somerset 
Herald,  affirms  that  the  alias  originated  with 
John  de  Bottevile,  who  resided  at  one  of  the 
Inns  of  Court,  and  from  thence  was  named 
John  of  th'  Inne,  othei-wise  Thynne.  But 
the  historian  of  the  family  remarks,  that 
there  is  no  evidence  that  the  person  re- 
ferred to  ever  dwelt  at  any  of  the  inns  of 
court,  though  it  is  certain  that  "  he  lived  in 
the  family  house  at  Chiu'ch-Stretton,  and 
that  he  was  familiarly  known  as  John  o' 
th'  Inne, which,  abbreviated,  became  Thynne, 
though  John  de  la  Inne  de  Botfelde,  was 
liis  usual  appellation."  It  appears  that  this 
mansion  Avas  anciently  called  The  Inn,  and 
hence  the  name.  From  this  elder  branch 
of  the  Botfeldes  sprang  the  Thynnes  (Mar- 
quis of  Bath)  and  from  the  younger  branch 
came  the  family  of  Botfield.  Sec  Stemmata 
Botevilliana.  By  Beriah  Botfield,  Esq., 
M.P.,  &c.     London.     4to.     1858. 

The  name  of  Thynne  had,  however,  a 
much  more  ancient  existence.  The  Rotul. 
Hund.  mention  one  Thomas  Thynne,  under 
the  hundred  of  Norton,  co.  Northampton, 
as  living  temp.  Henry  III.  (vol.  ii.  p.  12.) 
The  sttrnamc  in  this  instance  probabl}'  re- 
lated to  meagreness  of  person. 

TIBBALD.    See  Theobald. 


TIG 


346 


TIM 


TIBBATS.  TIBBETS.  See  Theo- 
bald. 

TIBBS.     See  Theobald. 

TIBETOT.  The  baronial  family  traced 
to  the  first  year  of  Henry  III.  to  Henry  de 
Tibetot.  Thej'  were  doubtless  of  Norman 
extraction,  but  I  do  not  find  any  place  so 
called  on  the  mai5  of  Normandy. 

TICEHURST.  A  parish  in  Sussex,  for- 
merly Tyshurst. 

TICIIBORNE.  Tichbourne  in  Hamp- 
shire, has,  from  a  period  of  unknown  anti- 
quity, probably  before  the  Conquest,  been 
in  the  possession  of  a  family  who  derived 
their  name  fi-om  it.  They  have  a  remark- 
able tradition,  that  a  female  ancestor, 
Mabella  de  Lymcrston,  wife  of  Sir  Roger 
de  T.,  in  the  XII.  century,  obtained  from 
her  husband  as  much  land  as  she  could 
creep  round  on  hands  and  knees  while  a 
firebrand  continued  burning.  She  thus 
encircled  several  acres,  witli  the  annual 
value  of  which  she  founded  a  dole  of  1,900 
loaves.  This  continued  to  be  delivered  on 
Lady-day,  till  the  end  of  the  last  century, 
when  a  commutation  was  made,  and  the 
amount  is  now  paid  in  money  to  the  poor 
of  the  parish.  The  laud  so  obtained  is 
still  known  by  the  name  of  the  "  Crawles!" 
An  ancient  prophecy  affirms,  that  the  for- 
tunes of  this  venerable  lamily  will  fail, 
should  any  of  the  lady  Jlabers  posterity 
attempt  to  divert  the  charit}'. 

TICHBOURNE.     See  Tichborne. 

TICKELL.  TICKLE.  Probably  Tick- 
hill,  a  town  and  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

TICKLEPENN  Y.  A  place  near  Grimsby, 
CO.  Lincoln. 

TICKNOR.         TICKNER.         Dutch 

tcehenaar,  a  drawer  or  designer.  Fergu- 
son. 

TIDCOi\IBE.     A  parish  in  AViltshirc. 

TIDD.  A  Mngister  Tliomas  de  Tid 
occurs  in  the  H.R..  of  Cambridgeshire, 
temp.  Edward  I.  The  name  is  therefore 
local. 

TIDEY.     See  Tidy. 

TIDMARSII.     A  parish  in  Berkshire. 

TIDSWELL.  Tideswel],  a  parisli  in 
Derbyshire.  A  De  Tidcswell  in  that  county, 
is  found  in  H.R. 

TIDY.  In  the  absence  of  any  moi'c  re- 
condite etymology,  I  presume  that  this 
name,  and  Tidyman,  refer  to  neatness  of 
dress  in  the  original  bearers. 

TIDYi\lAN.     See  Tidy. 

TIERNEY.  St.  Tigernath,  or  Tierncy, 
was  an  Irish  saint  of  the  sixth  century,  and 
tliird  bishop  of  Clogher. 

TIFFANY.     See  Stephen. 

TIFFIN.     See  Stephen. 

TIGAR.     The  same  as  Tiaei. 


TIGER.  Probably  an  inn  or  trader's 
sign. 

TIGHE.  1.  Apparently  a  personal  and 
saintly  name.  There  is  a  manor  of  Saint 
Tygh,  in  Cuclcficld,  co.  Sussex. 

2.  Sir  B.  Burke  says,  that  the  name  was 
derived  from  a  village  so  called  in  Rutland- 
shire, in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  which, 
at  Carlby,  co.  Lincoln,  the  ancestors  of 
Tighe  of  Woodstock,  co.  Kilkenny,  were 
long  seated.     B.L.G. 

TILBURY.  Three  parishes  in  Essex 
bear  this  name. 

TILDESLEY.  A  chapelry  in  Lancashire, 
at  an  early  period  the  residence  of  the 
family.  See  Ormerod's  Miscel.  Palat.  p. 
2G. 

TILEMAN.  The  same  as  Tiler,  or  as 
Tillman.     Tileman.  H.R. 

TILER.  The  occupation — a  layer  of 
tiles.     Le  Tilere.     H.R. 

TILLEY.  1.  Tilly  is  a  town  or  village 
in  the  deiiartnient  of  Calvados  in  Nor- 
mandy; and  there  is  a  second  place  so 
called  in  the  department  of  Eure.  Tilly, 
Tille.  Hund.  Rolls.  2.  A  '  nurseuame  ' 
of  William. 

TILLIE.     See  Tilley. 

TILLY.     See  Tilley. 

TILLMAN.  A  husbandman.  "  Because 
there  were  so  fewe  ti/lmen,  the  erde  lay  un- 
tillcd."      Capgrave's  Chron.  sub  A.D.  1349. 

TILLOT.    TILLOTSON.   See  William. 

TILL.  See  AVilliam.  Sometimes  perhaps 
a  contraction  of  At-Hill. 

TILNEY.  Three  parishes  in  Norfolk 
bear  this  name. 

TILSON.     See  William. 

TIj\I.     a  nickname  of  Timothy. 

TIINIBERLAICE.  I  cannot  agree  with 
Mr.  Talbot  (See  Engl.  Etym.)  that  this 
name  is  a  mistake  for  "  timber-leg,"  a 
man  with  a  wooden  leg  !  It  is  clearly  of 
the  local  class,  and  the  final  syllable  is 
the  same  as  that  in  Hoylake,  Shiplako,  &c. 

TIMBS.  See  Timothy.  I  fear  that  my 
brother  F.S.A.,  who  knows  so  many  things 
"  not  generally  known,"  will  object  to  this 
etymology,  but  it  is  the  best  I  can  do  for 
him. 

TIiMBURY.  Probably  the  same  as 
Timsbury,  parishes  in  cos.  Somerset  and 
Southampton. 

TI:MES.  Probably  the  same  as  Tims,  a 
diminutive  of  Timothy. 

IQT  TIMES  AND  SEASONS.  Among  the 
multifarious  designations  which  have  a 
place  in  our  family  nomenclature,  there 
are  few,  whieli  if  taken  literally,  itwould 
be  so  difficult  to  account  for,  as  those 
that  are  identical  with  the  names  of  tlie 
seasons  of  the  year,  months,  and  other 
parts  of  time.  In  tliis  article,  howeser, 
1  yhall  attempt  to  explain  many  of  these 


TI  U 


347 


TI? 


by  showing  their  probable  derivation 
from  other  sources.     To  begin,  we  have 
Spring,  Summer,  and  Winter, — but  no 
Autumn.     In  Eng.  Surn.,  i.  216,  I  have 
suggested  that  Fall,  (the  name  given  to 
that  season  in  America  and  in  some  of 
our  provincial   dialects,)   may   be   the 
missing  correlative  ;  but  on  further  re- 
jection, I  am  convinced  that  the  four 
surnames,  Spring,  Summer,  Fall,  Winter, 
have  nothing  to  do  with  the   periods 
which  they  seem  to  represent.  Spring 
is  of  the  same  class  as  Wells,  La  Fon- 
taine, &c. — source,  orif/o.     Summer  is  a 
corruption  either  of  Somner,  an  officer  iu 
the  ecclesiastical  courts,  or  Sommer,  a 
German  personal  name.     Fall  is  proba- 
bly the  northern  fald  ov  faulil,  an  en- 
closure ;  while  Winter  is  a  personal  A- 
Saxon  name,  rendered  somewhat  fami- 
liar  as   the  designation  of  one  of  the 
companions  of  "  Hereward  the  Saxon." 
Ferguson,  following  Grimm,    sujjposes 
that  Summer  and   Winter  are  derived 
from  personifications  of  the  two  seasons 
in  Northern  mythology. 

Such  names  as  Christmas,  with  its 
kindred  Yule  and  Noel ;  Easter,  with 
its  congenerous  Paschall,  Pask,  and 
Pash  ;  Pentecost ;  Middlemis  (for 
Michaelmas  ;)  and  Sumption  (for  As- 
sumption.) may  have  been  conferred,  in 
the  first  instance,  upon  infants  born  at 
those  respective  festivals,  and  may  have 
grown  afterwards,  according  to  the 
practice  of  medieval  times,  into  Sur- 
names. The  same  origin  may  be  at- 
tributed to  STirnames  borrowed  from  the 
days  of  the  week — Sunday,  Monday  or 
IMunday,  Thursday,  Friday,  Saturday — 
but  will  hardly  apply  to  those  that 
look  like  the  denominations  of  months, 
as  June,  July,  January,  March,  May, 
August,  which  are,  in  their  respective 
places,  shown  to  be  derived  from  totally 
difierent  sources.    (See  Supplement.) 

A  third  group  of  surnames  of  similar 
appearance — Day,  Weekes,  Mattiu  and 
Dawn,  Evening  and  Vesper,  Noone  and 
Blorrow — may  here  be  noticed.  Day  is 
ex^jlained  in  its  proper  place,  and  has 
no  connection  with  dies.  Neither  has 
Weekes  anything  in  common  with 
hchdomada.  Mattin  may  be  either  a 
corruption  of  Martin,  or  a  derivative  of 
Matthew;  and  Dawn  is  perhaps  Daunay 
somewhat  curtailed  of  its  proportions, 
or  a  misjDronunciation  of  Dome,  a 
Gloucestershire  hamlet.  Evening  and 
Vesper  are  not  so  easilj'  disposed  of, 
though  the  former  from  its  termination 
has  a  '  local '  appearance,  while  the  lat- 
ter may  possibly  be  the  name  of  some 
forgotten  trade  or  occupation.  Noone 
I  give  up  iu  despair;  but  Morrow  is 
probably  the  Celtic  patron3anic  Mac- 
Morough,  deprived  of  its  JIac.  Upon 
the  whole,  I  feel  that  this  group  of 
family  names  is  the  most  difficult  that 
I  have  had  to  deal  with.  I  have  doubt- 
less fallen  into  misapprehensions  ;  yet  I 
am  convinced  that  no  amount  of  inge- 
nuity or  research   could  satisfactorily 


elucidate  it.     See  Eng.  Surn.,  i.  216,  et 
seq. 

TIMESLOW.  Timeslow  occurs  in  the 
XIV.  century,  and  in  the  XIX.  It  is  pro- 
Itably  local. 

TIMM.     TIMMS.     See  Timothy. 

TIMxAIINGS.     See  Tunothy. 

TUNIMINS.     A  diminutive  of  Timothy, 

TBIOTIIY.  The  baptismal  name, 
whence  the  derivatives  Tinim,  Tims, 
Timms,  Timbs,  Timmings,  Timson,  Timp- 
son,  Timpkins. 

TIMPERLEY.    A  township  in  Cheshire. 

TIMPKINS.     See  Timothy. 

TIMPSON.     The  son  of  Timothy. 

TIMSON.     See  Timothy. 

TINDAL.     TINDALL.     See  Tlndale. 

TINDALE.  An  extensive  ward  or  dis- 
trict of  Nortbumbei'land,  which  includes 
the  Dale  of  the  Tyne.  The  great  Border 
family  so  called  had  their  chief  seat  at 
Langley,  near  Haydon  Bridge,  and  were 
styled  in  charters  of  temi?.  Henry  II, 
Barons  of  Tynedale  and  Langley  Castle. 

TINKER.  The  occupation.  Thicker 
PLR. 

TIN  SLAY.     See  Tlnsley. 

TINSLEY.  A  chapelry  in  the  parish  of 
Rotherham,  co.  York. 

TINSON.  An  abbreviated  form  of 
Stinson.  Stephenson. 

TIN  TEN.  A  place  In  the  parish  of  St. 
Tudy,  CO.  Cornwall,  possessed  by  the  family 
until  the  XIV.  century,  when  the  heiress 
married  Carminow. 

TIPKINS.      Perhaps    a    diminutive    of 

Theobald. 

TIPLADY.     See  Lady. 

TIPPLE,     A  corruption  of  Theobald. 

TIPLER.  In  modern  times  a  'tippler' 
means  a  man  who  indulges  freely  in  strong 
drink ;  and  '  tipple,'  as  a  substantive,  is 
applied  to  any  intoxicating  beverage;  thus 
in  Poor  Robin's  Almanack — 

"  You  may  make  pretty  (yyjZe  if  so  you've  a  mincl't, 
W'itli  hops  and  with  malt  for  a  penny  a  pint ; 
And  that's  cheaper  tlian  you  can  buy." 

Formerly  however,  a  tippler  was  a  seller, 
rather  than  a  consumer,  of  such  articles. 
In  the  records  of  the  corporation  of  Seaford, 
CO.  Sussex,  3Gtli  Elizabeth,  two  townsmen 
ai'e  presented  at  the  quarter  sessions  as 
common  tipplers  (communes  tijndatores,) 
who  have  broken  the  assize  of  bread  and 
beer,  and  are  fined  2s.  Gd.  The  same  year  one 
Symon  Collingham,  of  Sefforde,  is  licensed 
as  a  Tii^ler,  and  enters  into  recognizances 
for  the  good  governance  of  his  house,  and 
for  abstaining  from  the  use  of  unlawful 
games  "  duringe  the  time  of  his  tiplinge." 
Similar  entries  occur  iu  the  records  of  Bos- 
ton, in  which  town  the  surname  of  Typler 
■was  established  iu  the  earlier  part  of  the 


TIT 


348 


TOL 


XVI.  century.  In  the  corporation  archives 
ofWarwick  is  preserved  '-The  note  of  such 
T^yplers  and  alehouse-kepers  as  the  justices 
of  peax  have  returned  to  me  this  Michil- 
mas  session.  Thies  underwriten  were  re- 
turnyd  by  Sir  Tliomas  Lucy  and  Humphrey 
Peto,  esquire."  March,  15.  Eliz.  See 
HalHwell's  Life  of  Shakspeare,  p.  126. 
Tipeler,  H.R. 

TIPPER.  To  '  tip  '  is  an  old  word  ap- 
plied to  the  mounting  of  drinking-horns, 
cups,  &c.,  with  metals.  Bailey.  A  tij^per 
■\vas  therefore  an  artizan  so  employed.  Its 
forms  in  the  Hundred  Ilolls  are  Tippere 
and  Le  Tipper.  The  peculiar,  but  excellent, 
ale,  called  tipper,  derives  its  name  from  its 
first  brewer,  Mr.  Thomas  Tipper,  of  New- 
haven,  CO.  Sussex,  who  flourished  less  than 
a  century  since.  The  peculiarity  of  this 
beverage  arises  from  its  being  brewed  from 
brackish  water,  which  is  obtainable  from 
one  well  only  ;  and  all  attempts  to  imitate 
the  flavour  have  hitherto  failed. 

TIPPET.     TIPPETS.     See  Theobald. 

TIPPING.  The  family  of  Tipping,  an- 
ciently  Typpynge,  derived  their  surname 
from  a  vill  or  hamlet  in  the  township 
of  Clay ton-le- Dale,  co.  Lancaster.  The 
mansion  called  Tipping  Hall  was  their  seat 
temp.  Edward  III.,  and  probably  much 
earlier.     B.L.G. 

TIPSTAFF.  "  So  named  from  the  staff 
which  they  carry,  tipp'd  wilh  silver.  An 
officer  who  takes  into  custody  such  per- 
sons as  are  committed  by  a  court  of  judi- 
cature."    Bailey. 

TIPTOFT.  A  corruption  of  Tibetot. 
It  took  place  in  the  XV.  century.  Sir 
Paganus,  a  5'ounger  son  of  John,  the  second 
Lord  Tibetot,  had  a  son  Sir  John,  who 
wrote  himself  Tiptoft,  and  was  summoned 
to  parliament  as  a  Baron  by  Henry  IV. 

TIPTON.     A  parish  in  Staffordshire. 

TIREBUCK.  May  rehite  to  some  feat 
of  the  chase,  but  is  more  likely  a  corrup- 
ruption  of  Torbock,  a  Lancashire  local  sur- 
name.    See  Torbock. 

TIREMAN.     See  Tyerman. 

TISDALE.     See  Teesdale. 

TISDALL.  A  corrnption  of  Teesdale, 
the  dale  or  valley  of  the  river  Tees. 

TITCHBOURNE.     See  Tichbourne. 

TITCHENOR.  A  West  Sussex  family 
of  this  name  reside  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  the  village  of  Itchenor ;  hence  it  is  pro- 
bable that  the  name  was  originally  either 
At- Itchenor  or  DTtcheuor. 

TITE.  1.  The  French  orthography  of 
Titus.  2.  An  Oxfordshire  provincialism 
(now  obsolete)  for  a  spring  of  water.  Ilalli- 
well. 

TITHERIDGE.  Until  lately,  this  name, 
which  was  formerly  connected  with  tlie 
county  of  Southampton,  was  spelt  T3'the- 
ridge.  From  the  termination  riilge  it  is 
clearly  local,  lut  I  cannot  find  the  "place. 


TITLEY.     A  parish  in  Herefordshire. 

TITTLE.  Probably  local,  the  last  syl- 
lable being  a  corruption  of  hill, 

TITUS.     The  personal  name. 

TOBIAS.     The  personal  name. 

TOBIN.     See  Tobyn. 

TOBLTT.     The  personal  naine. 

TOBUTT.  May  be  a  corruption  of  Tal- 
bot. At  Newdigate,  co.  Surrey,  this  name 
eventually  became  Tobit, 

TOBY.     The  nickname  of  Tobias. 

TOBYN.  The  Irish  family  are  believed 
to  be  descended  from  the  A.  Norm.  St. 
Aubyns — the  name  having  formerly  been 
spelt  St.  Tobin,  and  then  Tobyn. 

The  name  is  of  record  in  Ireland  from 
the  time  of  Edward  tlic  Third.  It  was  es- 
pecially established  in  the  county  of  Tip- 
perary.  D' Alton.  A  writer  in  the  Quarterly 
Review  for  April,  1860,  speaking  of  the 
desire  manifested  by  some  of  the  English 
settlers  in  Ireland  to  be  thoroughly 
hibernicized,  mentions  that  the  Fitz-Urses 
became  Mac-Mahons,  and  the  St.  Aubyns 
Dobbin,  or  Tobyn." 

TODD.  TOD.  An  archaic  and  provin- 
cial name  of  the  fox.  The  expression 
"  wily  tod "  occurs  in  the  writings  of 
Wickliffe,  and  the  word  is  made  use  of  by 
B.  Jonson.  Before  fox-hunting  became  a 
fashionable  sport,  and  when  churchwar- 
dens, acting  under  the  Statute  of  2-1.  Hen. 
VIII.,  were  accustomed  to  pay  "  xijd.  for 
the  head  of  every  foxe,"  a  class  of  men 
gained  a  precarious  livelihood  by  hunting 
foxes  and  lesser  A'ermin,  and  obtained  the 
designations  Todhunter  and  Todman,  both 
of  which  have  become  well-known  sui'- 
names. 

TODHUNTER.     See  imder  Todd. 
TODMAN.     See  under  Todd. 

C®°  TOFT.  A  local  termination.  A.  Sax. 
tofte,  a  little  home  field,  or  homestead. 
Bos  worth.  A  piece  of  ground  where 
there  hath  been  a  house.  Camden. 
Open  ground  ;  a  plaim;  a  hill.  Halli- 
well.  "  He  hath  neither  toft  nor  croft," 
was  an  old  proverbial  saying,  to  signify 
that  a  man  had  no  lauded  possessions. 

TOKE.  The  Tokes  of  Godlngton,  co. 
Kent,  claim  descent  from  Robert  do  Toke, 
who  was  present  with  Henry  III.  at  the 
battle  of  Northampton.  In  the  XIV.  &  XV, 
cent,  the  family  were  seated  at  Bere,  and 
the  Tokes  of  Godington,  a  younger  branch, 
date  from  about  temp.  Henry  VI.  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men.     See  Tooke. 

TOKER.     See  under  Tuckerman. 

TOLCARNE.  There  are  several  places 
so  called  in  Cornwall.  The  family  are  sup- 
posed to  have  originated  at  Tolcarne,  in 
the  parish  of  Camborne.  C.  S.  Gilbert's 
Cornwall. 

TOLER.     See  Toller. 


TON 


349 


TOO 


TOLL,  1 .  A  grove  of  lofty  trees ;  a  holt. 
2.  Toli,  an  A-Sax.  personal  name. 

TOLLEMACHE.  In  his  preface  to 
Onuius,  Dr.  Bosworth  states,  that  the 
family  were  among  "  the  first  Engle  or 
Angles  that  settled  among  tlie  Sudfolk  in 
East  Anglia."  On  their  manor-house  at 
Bentley,  near  Ipswich,  there  is,  or  was,  the 
following  distich : — 
"  Before  the  Normans  into  England  came, 

BeNTLET  was   my  seat,  and  TOLLEMACHE  JtY  NAME." 

The  Etymology  of  the  name  is  said  to  be 
A-Sax.  "f«7,  a  counting  or  reckoning;  and 
maca,  a  consort,  companion,  fellow ;  as  a 
fellow  of  a  college — a  manager  of  tlie  ac- 
counts of  the  realm.  Hence  tallies  of  the 
Exchequer."  Dr.  Bosworth  in  N.  &  Q., 
May  15,  1858.  A  family  tradition,  however, 
derives  it  from  tuUmachi  "  tolling  of  the 
bell,"  but  does  not  tell  us  to  what  language 
that  word  belongs. 

TOLLER.  L  Two  parishes  in  Dorset- 
shire are  so  named.  2.  A-Sax.  tollere,  a 
publican,  or  taker  of  tolls  and  taxes.  Hal- 
liwell  quotes  an  old  poem  in  Harl.  MS., 
2260,  to  the  effect  that  the— 

"  Tollers  office  it  is  ill ; 
For  tliey  take  toll  oft  against  skill. " 

that  is,  contrary  to  reason. 

TOLMAN.  TOLEMAX.  The  same 
as  Toller. 

TOLY.  A  contraction  of  Saint  Olave. 
See  Tooley. 

TO:\L     The  '  nurse-name '  of  Thomas. 

TOMBLER.  A  tumbler  or  posture- 
master. 

TO:\IBLESON.  A  corruption  of  Thom- 
linson.     See,  however,  under  Tombs. 

TOMBS.  Ferguson  derives  this  surname, 
and  Tombleson,  from  an  old  High  German 
root,  tuo7n,  equivalent  to  A. -Saxon  dom., 
judgment;  but  as  he  puts  them  in  juxta- 
position with  Tlioms,  Thomson,  Tomkin, 
and  other  Icnown  derivatives  of"  Thomas," 
his  etymology  is  not  to  be_  accepted.  If 
this  name  is  pronounced  Tombs,  it  is  no 
doubt  the  genitive  of  Tom. 

TOMKIN.     See  Thomas. 

TO:\[KINSON.     See  Thomas. 

TO^ILIXSON.     See  Thomas. 

TOMPKINS.     See  Thomas. 

TOMPSETT.     See  Thomas. 

TOMPSON.     See  Thomas. 

T0:MS.     See  Thomas. 

TOMSETT.     See  Thomas. 

TON.  One  of  the  commonest  termi- 
nations of  names  of  places,  and  by  con- 
sequence, of  local  surnames. 

"In  Ford,  in  H.nm,  in  Ley,  in  Ton, 
The  most  of  English  Surnames  run." 

Out  of  1,200  names  of  places  in  the 
first  two  volumes  of  Kemble"s  A-Sax. 
Charters,  137  have  this  termination,  or 
11.4  per  cent.,  but,  with  certain  allow- 
able deductions,    Leo  makes   the   pro- 


portion 13.5  per  cent.,  or  about  one- 
eighth  ;  and  these  occur  principally  in 
the  South  of  England.  The  A-Sax. 
tu)i  signifies  an  inclosed  space,  the  area 
of  which  may  be  either  small  or  large, 
from  a  cottage-homestead  uj)  to  a  walled 
to7v?i,  which  latter  is  indeed  the  same 
word. 

TONGE.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Kent,  York,  Salop,  Lancaster,  and  Leicester. 

TONGUE.  1.  A  parish  in  Sutherland- 
shire.  2.  Tong  or  Tonge,  parishes,  &c.,  in 
Kent,  Yorkshire,  Salop,  Lancashire,  and 
Leicestershire. 

TONI.  Doubtless  from  Toeni,  a  com- 
mune in  the  arrondissement  of  Louviers, 
in  Normandy,  latinized  in  the  XI.  century 
Toenium.  Ralph  de  Todeni  or  Toni,  son 
of  Roger  de  Toenio,  standard-bearer  of 
Normandy,  was  at  the  battle  of  Hastings, 
In  Domesday  he  appears  as  tenant  in  chief 
in  several  counties,  the  head  of  his  barony 
being Flamstead  in  Hertfordshire.  Robert 
and  Berenger  de  Todeni,  doubtless  near 
kinsmen  of  Ralph,  are  also  found  among 
the  tenants  in  chief  in  the  great  record. 
The  family  were  ennobled,  and  became  ex- 
tinct, in  one  person,  the  Lord  Robert  de 
Toni,  temp.  Edward  I.  Upon  Robert  de 
Todeni  the  Conqueror  bestowed  the  lord- 
ship of  Belvoir,  co.  Leicester,  where  he 
built  the  castle,  afterwards  so  famous,  and 
made  it  the  head  of  his  barony.  His  son 
and  heir,  William,  took  the  name  of  De 
Albini,  with  the  addition  of  Brito,  "  to 
distinguish  himself,"  says  Kelham,  "  from 
William  de  Albini,  chief  butler  of  the 
realm." 

TONKIN.  A  diminutive  of  the  diminu- 
tive Tony,  from  Anthony  ? 

TONSON.  Tony's  son,  the  son  of 
Anthony. 

TONSOR.     1.  A  latinization  of  Barber. 

The  name  Barbitonsor,  "beard-shaver,"  is 
found  in  H.R.  2.  One  Durandus  Tonsor 
was  a  Domesday  tenant  in  chief. 

TONY.     See  Toni. 

TOOGOOD.  Can  hardly  refer  to  super- 
excellence  of  character.  The  old  spelling 
Towgood  is  almost  conclusive  against  such 
derivation.  The  last  syllable  maybe  a  cor- 
ruption of  wood. 

TOOKE.  A  name  of  doubtful  origiu, 
because  the  several  etymons  which  have 
been  suggested  ai"e  of  nearlj"^  equal  proba- 
bility. I.  The  De  prefixed  to  the  name 
Tuke,  or  Tonke,  of  the  midland  counties 
points  to  a  local  origin,  and  that  family  are 
said  to  have  sprung  from  the  Sieur  de 
Touque,  whose  ancient  barony  in  Nor- 
mandy (arrondissement  of  Pont  I'Eveque) 
was  written  in  charters  Touqua.  I  do  not 
find  Domesd.  authority  for  this,  though  I 
do  find  in  that  ancient  record  (TI)  as  land- 
owners, prior  to  its  compilation,  persons 
bearing  the  baptismal  names  of  Toe,  Tocho, 
Tochi,  and  Toka,  as  well  as  the  patronymic 
form,  Godi'ic  Tokesoti,    III.  It  may  be  from 


T  0  R 


350 


TOU 


At-Hoke  or  At-Hook,  implying  the  resi- 
dence of  the  first  bearer  on  an  elevated 
spot.  See  Hook.  IV.  But  tliis  is  less 
likely — it  has  been  suggested  that  it  is  of 
O.  English  origin,  and  signifies  thick.  If 
it  be  so,  Tuck  was  no  inappropriate  name 
for  the  well-known  friar.  Gent.  Mag.,  June, 
1846.  The  surname  is  found  spelled  in  17 
different  ways.  One  of  the  most  ancient  is 
Toke,  as  preserved  in  the  Godington  family 
for  many  centuries.  The  Tookes  of  Hurs- 
ton  Clays,  co.  Sussex,  of  London,  Herts, 
Dorset,  &c.,  proven  descendants  of  that 
house,  have  employed  this  orthography 
from  the  XVI.  century. 

TOOLE.     See  O'Toole. 

TOOLEY.  A  crasis  of  St.  Olave. 
Tooley  Street  in  Southwark  is  so  called 
from  its  proximity  to  the  church  of  St. 
Olave. 

TOOMER.  1.  From  St.  Omer.  So 
Tooley  from  St.  Olave ;  Tanswell  from  St. 
Anne's  Well,  &c.  2.  The  process  of  taking 
wool  from  the  card  is  called  tooming,  and 
hence  possibly  the  name  may  be  the  desig- 
nation of  that  employment. 

TOON.     See  Tune. 

TOOT.  Mr.  Ferguson  considers  tliis 
identical  with  an  A-Sax.  personal  name, 
Tota  or  Totta. 

TOOTAL.  Perhaps  the  same  as  Tot- 
hill. 

TOOTH.  This  name  probably  has  refer- 
ence to  some  peculiarity  in  the  teeth  of  tlie 
oi'iginal  bearer.  The  Romans  had  their 
Dento  and  Dentatus,  most  likely  on  the 
same  account. 

TOOTHACHER.  Germ,  todtenacker, 
field  of  the  dead,  a  burying  ground  ;  ana- 
logous to  our  indigenous  name  Church- 
yard. 

TOOVEY.     See  Tovey. 

TOP.     SeeTopp. 

TOPCOAT.  Doubtless  local  :  see  Cott 
or  Cote. 

TOPLADY.     See  Lady. 

TOPP.  An  elevated  spot  is  known  iu 
some  dialects  as  a  tojf,  and  is  used  antithe- 
tically to  bottom,  wliich  see.  Residence  on 
such  a  spot  would  originate  the  surname. 

TORBOCK.  An  estate  in  Lancashire, 
which  had  possessors  of  its  own  name  iu 
early  times.  They  were  of  common  ances- 
try with  the  distinguished  house  of  Lathom 
of  Lathom,  being  descendants  of  Richard, 
brother  of  Sir  Robert  Fitz-Henry,  founder 
of  Burscough  Priory.  See  Latham.  The 
name  is,  I  think,  extinct,  that  is,  in  its 
ancient  and  true  orthography,  though  it 
ajjpears  to  survive  in  plebeian  life,  and  in 
the  grotesque  forms  of  Tirebuck  and  Tar- 
box. 

TOREL.  See  Thorold.  The  scribes  of 
the  middle  ages  understood  this  name  to 
signify    Fr.    tovrelle,  the  little  tower,   or 


turret,  and  accordingly  latinized  it  by  De 
Parva  Turri.  The  heralds,  on  the  other 
hand,  read  it  as  taiireau,  a  bull,  and  hence 
the  bulls'  heads  in  the  arms. 

TORILL.     See  Thorold. 

TORKINGTON.  Atownshipin  Cheshire, 
formerly  the  property  of  the  family. 

TORR.  In  tlie  ^V.  of  England,  a  craggy 
eminence,  or  more  generally  a  hill.  Places 
specifically  so  called  are  Tor-Abbey,  Tor- 
Bryan,  and  Tor-Qnay,  all  in  Devonshire 
De  la  Tor  is  the  H.R.  form. 

TORRY.  An  Edinburgh  surname.  In 
some  jsarts  of  Scotland  tin'i/  is  a  term  ex- 
pressive of  great  indignation  or  contempt. 
Jamieson. 

TOSH.  A  known  abbreviation  of  IMac 
Intosh.  "  Old  Molly  Tosh,  who  long  kept 
the  Red  Lion  in  Churchway,  North  Shields, 
became  Mary  Macintosh  on  her  tombstone, 
where  she  lies  sound  asleep  with  a  bundle 
of  manuscript  correspondence  under  her 
head."     Folks  of  Shields. 

TOSHACII.  A  chief  or  tliane.  GaeL 
Probablj'  a  modification  of  Mac  Intosh. 

TOTHILL.  »  A  Tote-hill  is  an  emi- 
nence from  whence  there  is  a  good  look- 
out." Cheshire.  Archreologia,  xix.  .39. 
"Totehyll,  montaignette."  Palsgrave,  1530, 
— an  evident  derivative  of  the  A-Sax.  verb 
totia)i,  to  ele\'ate  or  lift. 

TOTTENHAM.  A  parish  in  Middle- 
sex. 

TOUCH.  This  name  probably  conies  to 
us  from  the  Fr.  De  la  Touche.  A  tuvclie 
is  tlius  defined  by  Cofgrave — "  A  hoult,  a 
little  thicke  grove  or  tuft  of  high  trees,  es- 
pecially such  a  one  as  is  neere  a  house,  and 
serves  to  beautifie  it,  or  as  a  marke  for 
it." 

TOUCHET.  A  parish  in  the  arrondisse- 
ment  of  Mortain  in  Kormandy,  latinized 
Tuschetum.  From  that  place  no  doubt 
proceeded  the  great  A.  Norm,  family,  after- 
wards ennobled  as  Barons  Audley.  In  the 
alliterative  copy  of  the  so-called  Battel- 
Abbey  Roll,  Tuchet  and  Truchelle  oc- 
cur in  association,  which  is  qnantmnvaleat 
evidence  of  the  Norman  origin  of  the  name. 
It  is  stated,  however,  that,  at  a  later  period, 
one  Orme,  who  from  his  musical  talents 
acquired  the  cognomen  of  "  the  Harper," 
was  the  first  bearer  of  the  name,  and  that 
he  was  sometimes  called  '  Citharista  '  or 
''Touch-it."'  See  Sir  P.  Leycester's 
Tabley  MSS.,  quoted  in  Ormerod's  Cheshire 
iii.  23. 

TOUGH.  Sturdy;  capable  of  endur- 
ance. 

TOUR  ELL.     See  Thorold. 

TOURLE.     See  Thorold.    s 

TOURNAY.  A  town  in  Artois.  Gosfrid 
Tornai  occurs  in  the  Domesday  of  Lincoln- 
shire. 

TOUSSAINT.     (O.  Fr.  tousaintz)  a  name 


TOW 


351 


given  to  a  person  born  on  the  festival  of  All 

Saints;    analogous    to    Christmas,     Noel, 

Pentecost,  &c. 
TOVEY.     Tovus,  otherwise  Tovi,  came 

to     England    with     the    Conqueror,    and 

acquired  several  manors  in  Norfolk.     The 

name   is  found  in  Domesday   as  Tovi  or 

Tovius. 
TOAVER.     TOAVERS.     From  residence 

in  or  near  a  tower. 
TOWES.     TOAVS.     Said  to  be  from  St. 

Osyth.     Comp.     Toomer,  Tooley,  &c. 

TOAA' GOQD.     See  Toogood. 

TOAVN.  TOWNE.  A-Sax.  tun,  an  en- 
closure, homestead.  At-Town  would becoine 
Towner.  In  Cornwall  a  farm-yard  is  still 
called  a  "town-place."  Your  ancient  Tonmer 
was  not,  therefore,  what  his  name  sounds  to 
modern  ears,  but  a  thorough  rustic. 

TOAVNELEY.  An  estate  in  Lancashire, 
which  belonged  to  this  ancient  and  distin- 
guished family,  whose  pedigree  is  said  to 
be  traced  to  the  time  of  King  Alfred,  and 
to  Spartlingus,  first  Dean  of  Whalley,  who 
flourished  about  the  year  896.  The  line 
of  this  personage  terminated  with  an 
heiress,  Cecilia  of  Towncley,  in  the  XIV. 
century,  who  married  John  del  Legh,  and 
conveyed  the  estate  to  his  family.  He  died 
in  or  about  1330,  and  his  great-grandson 
resumed  the  ancient  surname  of  Towneley. 
John  del  Legh  was  a  cadet  of  the  great 
Cheshire  family  of  that  name.  B.L.G. 
Towneley  Hall  is  still  the  seat  of  this 
race,  who  may  well  challenge  comparison 
in  point  of  venerable  antiquity  with  any 
family  in  England. 
TOAVNER.  See  Town. 
TOWNSEND.  TOAA^NSHEND. 

TO"\VNEND.     "The    town's    end,"    from 
residence  there.     The  forms  in  the  Hun- 
dred Rolls,  are  Ate-Touneshend,  Ate-Tunes- 
end,  Ate-Tunishende,  &c.     The  analogous 
name    Attestreteshend— "  at    the    street's 
end" — is  found  in  the  same  rolls,  as  are 
also  Ad  Caput  Villa?,  Ad  Finem  Villre,  and 
Bynethetouu,    i.e.,    "beneath    the   town." 
This  surname,  though  of  essentially  plebeian 
origin,   emerged   from  the   ignohilc  rulgns 
at  an  early  period  after  its  adoption,  being 
traced  to  the  year  1377,  in  gentle  degree  at 
Snoring  Magna,  co.  Norfolk.     In  1398,  the 
ancestor  of  the  Marquis  Townshend  was  at 
Eainham,  the  present  seat  of  the  family. 
Lelaud  speaking  of  the  head  of  the  house, 
in    his    day,    says:  "the    grandfather    of 
Townsendenow  living,  was  a  mean  man  of 
substance:'      Mr.  Shirley  calls  this  a  '  de- 
famatory account,'  and  so  it  may  be  re- 
garded, if  taken  in  the  sense  of  a  wealthy 
miser;  but   the   old  Itiuerarian  doubtless 
means  a  person  of  moderate  fortune,  which 
is  no  disparagement.     See  Noble  and  Gen- 
tle Men. 
TOAVSEY.    '  1.     By    crasis,     from    St. 
Osyth.  Camden's  Remains.     So  St.  Olave 
became  Tolye  or  Tooley  (as  Tooley  Street 
in  Southwark).  St.   Ebbe,  Tabbe,  &c.     2. 
Perhaps  the  old  Fr.  surname  Toucey. 


TRA 

TOAVSON.  Perhaps  the  Fr.  Toussahits, 
All-Saints'  Day,  or,  as  it  was  anciently 
called,  AU-Hallowtide.  See  Times  and 
Seasons. 

TOWZER.  The  occupation.  To  tow.ie, 
or  tease,  is  to  clear  the  libre  of  wool  from 
entanglements. 

TOZER.     The  same  as  Towzer. 

TRACICSON.     See  Threxton. 

TRACTION.     A  known  corruption   of 
Threxton,  which  see. 

TRACY.     This   famous  Norman  family 
borrowed  their  surname  fromTraci-Boccage 
in  the  arrondissement   of  Caen,  called  in 
documents    of    the    XL    cent.    Traceiura. 
They    came  hither  at  the   Conquest,  and 
were  subsequently  lords  of  Barnstaple,  in 
Devonshire.     The  parishes,  &c.,  of  Wool- 
combe-Tracy,     Bovi-Tracy,     Minet-Tracy, 
Bradford-Tracy,  &c.,  in  Devonshire,  derived 
their   suffixes   from  this  family.     Fuller's 
"Worthies,  i.,  558.     The  male  line  failed  at 
an  early  period,  but  the  heiress   married 
John  de  Sudley,  whose  son  William  adopted 
the  maternal  surname.    This  personage  has 
by  some  genealogists  been  considered  one 
of  the  four  assassins  of  Thomas-a-Becket, 
though  others  stoutly  deny  it,   and  assert 
that  there  were  other   William  de  Tracys 
living  contemporaneously  with  him.    Who- 
ever the  assassin  was,  a  curse  was  said  to 
attach   to  him  and  to  his  seed   for  ever, 
namely,  that  wherever  he  or  they  went,  by 
land  or  sea,  the  wind  should  blow  in  a  di- 
rection  opposite  to  that  of  their  course. 
Hence  the  well-known  traditional  couplet — 

"  All  the  Tiiacys, 
Have  the  Wind  in  theik  Faces." 

In  Kent,  the  name  Tresse  is  considered  to 

be  identical  with  Tracy. 

TRADER.  'John  the  Trader,'  to  dis- 
tinguish him  from  '  John  the  Farmer,'  or 
the  like. 


TRADES.      Svnmmes   derived  from. 
The  following  is  IMr.  Clark's  list  :— 
"Barber,  Brazier,  Mason  and  Builder, 
Carrier,  Carter,  Carver  and  Gilder  ; 
Dancer,  Drover,  Dresser  and  Dyer, 
Cartwright,  Clothier,  Caner  and  Crier  ; 
Arrowsmith,  Arkwright,  Agent  and  Butler, 
Carpenter,  Chandler,  Cooper  and  Cutler  ; 
Bathmaker,  Butcher,  Brewer  aud  Bi'oker, 
Cardmaker,  Carman,  Corderand  Coker; 
Bellringer,  Bellman,  Bowman  and  Blacker, 
Paviour,  Pedlar,  Painter  and  Packer  ; 
Currier,  Colliei-,  Chanter  and  Cropper, 
Huntsman,  Hosier,   Hacker  and  Hopper  ; 
Boatwright,  Baker,  Binder  and  Brazier, 
Grocer,  Gouger,  Grinder  and  Glazier  ; 
Merriman,  ]\Iercer,  Merchant  and  Miller, 
Banker,  Chapman,  Cutter  and  Killer ; 
Fidler,  Farmer,  Joiner  and  Stringer, 
Gardener,  Goldsmith,  Tapper  and  Ringer  ; 
Horseman,  Hooker,  Barker  and  Peeler, 
Fryman,  Fowler,  Draper  and  Dealer  ; 
Plowright,  Packman,  Paver  and  Plater, 
Traveller,  Tapstej-,  Thatcher  and  Slater  ; 
Peddlar,  Pitman,  Pinchcr  and  Potter, 
Turner,  Trimmer,  Tanner  and  Trotter ; 


TEA 


352 


T  R  E 


Shoveller,  Swindler,  Stainer  and  Smoker, 
Saddler,  Shearer,  Salter  and  Stoker  ; 
Fleshman,  Foreman,  Fuller  and  Fyler, 
Taverner,  Taylor,  Tasker  and  Tyler  ; 
Dairyman,  Doctor,  Drawer  and  Dredger, 
Herdsman,  Hawker,  Hewer  and  Hedger  ; 
Quarrier,  Quilter,  Rhymer  and  Reader, 
Bowmaker,  Scrivener,  Presser  and  Pleader ; 
Pressman,  Plumer,  Poet  and  Pinner, 
Staj'maker,  Shepjsard,  Glover  and  Skinner  , 
Timer,  Threader,  Bridger  and  Archer, 
Tirer,  Thrower,  Loader  and  Marcher  ; 
Girdler,  Stamper,  Keeper  and  Nailer. 
Rasper,  Trainer,  Baster  and  Sailer ; 
Warrener,  Workman,  Webber  and  Whiter, 
Wheelwright,     Watchman,     Roper     and 

Writer. 
This  list  of  names  we  might  extend, 
And  fiftj'  more  at  least  append  ; 
Nay — if  inclined,  we  could  recite  'em 
Thus,  one  by  one,  ad  infiniUim." 

TRAFFORD.  An  estate  in  the  parish 
of  Eccles,  CO.  Lancaster,  where  the  ances- 
tors of  the  family  are  said  to  have  been  es- 
tablished before  the  Norman  Conquest. 
The  pedigree  in  Baines's  Lancashire  deduces 
them  from  Ralph  de  Trafford,  who  died 
about  1050.  Tliis  Ralpli  may  have  been  a 
real  personage,  and  an  ancestor  of  the 
Traffords,  but  he  was  certainly  no  De 
Traiford  liefore  the  Conquest.  ]\Ir.  Shirley 
remarks  that  "  on  the  whole,  it  may  be  as- 
sumed that  the  antiquity  of  this  family  is 
exaggerated,  though  the  name  no  doubt 
Avas  derived  from  the  locality  at  an  early 
period."    Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

TRAHERNE.     See  Treherne. 

TRAIL.  TRAILL.  This  N.  of  Eng- 
land family  claim  to  be  of  Norse  extraction, 
and  say  that  their  name  signifies  Trolle  or 
Troil,  the  devil  1 

TRANGMAR.  A  Brighton  name,  ap- 
parently the  same  as  that  which  existed 
there  as  Trenchemcr  in  129(>,  (Sussex 
Arch.  Coll.  ii.  295)  the  ch  having  hardened 
into  g.  The  original  application  may 
have  been  to  a  mariner — one  who  cuts  the 
sea. 

TRANT.  This  family,  of  Danish  ex- 
traction, are,  on  Ortelius's  map,  located  in 
the  Barony  of  Corkaguiuny,  co,  Kerry. 
D'Alton. 

TRANTER.  A  word  of  uncertain 
origin,  signifying,  according  to  Bailey,  a 
"  sort  of  fisherman ;"  but  Halliwell  says 
that  it  is  in  various  dialects,  a  carrier. 

TRAPPER.  A  man  who  takes  game, 
and  other  wild  animals,  by  various  trajJS  or 
contrivances.  In  this  sense  the  word  is 
still  used  m  America. 

TRAQUAIR.  A  parish  In  Peebles- 
shire. 

TRASH.  O.  French,  a  bunch  of  grapes 
— perhaps  an  inn  sign. 

TRAVELLER.  A  man  who  has  visited 
foreign  countries. 

TRAVERS.     Fr.   traverse^  a  cross  path 


or  foot-road  leading  from  one  village  to 
another. 

TRAYNOR.  The  Osslanic  hero,  Finn 
Mac-Cool,  was  grandson  of  Trenmor  or 
Treanmhar  (pron.  Treanwar)  whence  per- 
haps the  surnames  Treanor,  Traynor,  and, 
as  Mr.  Mac-Grady  thinks,  Mac  Creanor. 

B^"  TRE.      See    under    Corkish    Sur- 
names. 

TREACHER.  O.  E.  ireclwnre,  a  cheat. 
Richardson  says  :  "  One  who  tricks  .  .  . 
cozens,  cheats,  beguiles,  deceives." 

TREACr.     See  Tracy. 

TREASURER.  The  office.  The  name 
is  an  ancient  one,  being  found  in  its  I;atin 
form  of  Thesaurius  among  the  tenants  in 
chief  of  Domesday. 

TREBARFOOT.  An  estate  In  the 
parish  of  Poundstock,  co.  Cornwall,  the 
ancient  seat  of  the  family,  until  the  ex- 
tinction of  the  elder  line  in  1630.  They 
bore  for  arms  three  bears'  feet. 

TREBARTHA.  A  place  In  the  parish 
of  Northill,  co.  Cornwall,  where  the  family 
flourished  from  the  reign  of  Edward  I.  to 
that  of  Henry  VIL  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Corn- 
wall. 

TREBECK.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Troutbeck.  A  Dominus  Thomas  de  Trebec 
occurs  in  Shropshire,  temp.  Henry  III. 
H.R. 

TREBLECOCK.     A  place  In  Cornwall- 

Trebilcock. 

TREBY.  A  manor  In  Cornwall,  now 
called  Trebigh,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Eve. 
It  was  anciently  possessed  by  the  family. 
D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall,  i.  412. 

TRECARNE.  The  family  were  anciently 
of  Trecarne  in  Cornwall.  The  heiress 
married  Glynn  of  Glynn  in  that  county.  C. 
S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TREDCROFT.  An  old  Sussex  name. 
Local  :  place  unknown. 

TREDENHAM.  An  ancient  Cornish 
family  wlio  resided  at  Tredenham  in  the 
parish  of  Probus.  There  are  strong  I'easous 
for  believing  them  to  have  been  an  offshoot 
of  the  baronial  family  of  Dinham  of  Corn- 
wall and  Devon.  Tlie  prefix  Tre  in  the 
Cornish  tongue  signifies,  like  the  Saxon 
tun,  an  enclosrire,  or  fenced  estate.  It  is, 
therefore,  quite  possible  that  a  cadet  of 
Dinham  or  Denham  (as  the  name  Avas 
sometimes  called)  may  have  given  the 
name  of  Tre-Denham,  or  "  Denham's 
estate  "  to  his  lands,  and  that  afterwards 
his  descendants  took  their  surname  from 
those  lands  in  tlic  oi'dinary  way.  A  re- 
markable confirmation  of  tliis  notion  is, 
that  botli  families  bear  in  their  coat  armour 
fusils  (which  are  for  from  common  in 
heraldry) — the  noble  family  carrying  them 
in  f esse,  and  the  gentle  one  hi  bend.  See 
C.  S.  Gilbert's  Corn^vall. 


TRE 


353 


TEE 


TREDINNICK.  An  estate  In  the  parish 
of  St.  Breock,  where  the  family  dwelt  up 
to  the  extinctioa  of  the  elder  male  line, 
before  the  year  1531.     Lj'sons'  Cornwall. 

TREE.     See  Attree  in  Supplement. 

TREFFRY.  This  name  is  derived  from 
the  manor  of  Tretfry,  in  the  parish  of 
Lanhydrock,  where  it  is  traced  to  a  very 
early  period.  The  family  afterwards  re- 
moved to  Fowey,  where  was  born  the  gal- 
lant Sir  John  Treffry,  who,  lighting  under 
the  Black  Prince  at  the  battle  of  Poictiers, 
took  the  French  royal  standard,  for  which 
he  was  created  a  knight  banneret,  and  had, 
as  an  augmentation  of  his  arms,  the  Fleurs- 
de-lys  of  France.  In  the  next  century  some 
French  marauders  (whether  in  revenge  of 
the  national  disgrace  or  not,  does  not  ap- 
pear) attacked  Place  House,  the  residence 
of  the  family  at  Fowey,  but  met  a  repulse 
at  the  hands  of  a  lady,  tlie  Mistress  Treifry 
of  the  period.  Leland  says  : — "  The 
Frenchmen  divers  times  assailed  Fowey, 
and  last,  most  notably,  about  Henry  VI. 
tyme,  when  the  wife  of  Thomas  Trevry, 
•with  her  men,  repelled  the  French  out  of 
her  house,  in  her  husbandes  absence, 
■whereupon  Thomas  Trevry  builded  a  right 
fair  and  strongly  embattled  tower  in  his 
house." 

TREFUSIS.  This  ancient  family  have 
been  seated  from  time  immemorial  at  Tre- 
fusis,  in  the  parish  of  Milor,  co.  Cornwall. 
The  pedigree  is  traced  four  generations 
before  the  year  1292.  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men. 

TREGAGLE.  The  name  of  this  family 
was  taken  from  their  place  of  residence, 
Tregagle,  in  the  parish  of  Probus,  which 
that  prince  of  etymologists,  Hals,  informs 
us  signifies  "  the  town  of  gagling  geese, 
or  the  filthy  town!"  D.  Gilbert's  Corn- 
wall. To  this  family  belonged  John  Tre- 
gagle, an  arbitrary  magistrate  and  local 
tyrant,  of  the  days  of  the  Stuarts,  whose 
ghost  yet  haunts  the  wilds  of  Cornwall. 
"  One  of  this  family,  having  become  unpo- 
pular," says  Mr. Davies  Gilbert,  "the  tradi- 
tions respecting  a  mythological  personage 
have  been  apjDlied  to  him.  The  object  of 
these  tales  of  unknown  antiquity  was,  like 
Orestes,  continually  pursued  by  an  aveng- 
ing being,  from  whom  he  could  find  refuge 
only  from  time  to  time  by  flying  to  the  cell 
or  chapel  on  Roach  Rock  ;  till  at  last  his 
fate  was  changed  into  the  performance  of 
a  task,  to  exhaust  the  water  from  Dozmere, 
with  an  implement  less  adapted,  if  possible, 
for  its  appropriate  work,  than  were  the 
colanders  given  to  the  daughter  of  Danaus  : 

Hocc'  lit  opinor,  id  est,  fevo  florente  puellas, 
Quod  memorant,  laticem  pertusum  congerere  in 

vas, 
Quod  tamen  expleri  nulla  ratione  potestur, 

"  Tregagle  is  provided  simply  with  a 
limpet  shell,  having  a  hole  bored  through 
it  :  and  with  this  he  is  said  to  labour  with- 
out intermission  ;  in  dry  seasons  flattering 
himself  that  he  has  made  some  progress  to- 
Avards  the  end  of  his  work  ;  but  when  rain 
commences,  and  the  '  omnis  effusus  labor  ' 
2  Y 


becomes  apparent,  he  is  believed  to  roar  so 
loudly,  in  utter  despair,  as  to  be  heard 
from  Dartmoor  Forest  to  the  Land's 
End." 

TREGARRICK.  A  place  in  the  parish 
of  Roche,  CO.  Cornwall,  formerly  the  seat 
of  the  family,  whereof  Jolm  Tregarrick 
was  M.P.  for  Truro,  7.  Richard  II.  C.  S. 
Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TREGARTHIAN.  A  place  in  the 
parish  of  Gorran,  co.  Cornwall,  where  the 
family  were  seated  temp.  Edward  I.,  or 
earlier.     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TREGARTIIYN.     See  Tregarthian. 

TREGEARE.  A  place  in  the  parish  of 
Crowan,  co.  Cornwall.  The  family  were 
resident  there  so  lately  as  1732.  Richard 
Tregeare,  of  Tregeare,  was  sheriff  of  the 
county  in  1704.     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TREGENDER.  A  place  in  the  parish 
of  Ludgvan,  co.  Cornwall,  which  the  family 
formerly  possessed. 

TREGENNA.  An  estate  in  St.  Ives, 
CO.  Cornwall,  where  the  family  resided 
until  about  the  reign  of  Charles  I. 

TREGERE.     See  Tregeare. 

TREG  IAN.  Lands  so  called  in  the  parish 
of  St.  Eue,  in  Cornwall,  are  supposed  to 
have  given  name  to  this  family.  C.  S, 
Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TREGODDICK.  An  estate  in  South 
Petherwin,  co.  Cornwall,  the  ancient  inhe- 
ritance of  the  fiimily,  who  are  supposed  to 
have  become  extinct  temp.  Charles  I. 

TREGONWELL.  The  name  of  this 
ancient  family  was  derived  from  their  seat 
so  designated,  in  the  parish  of  Crantock, 
CO.  Cornwall.  Pollen,  in  his  Description 
of  Cornish  Men  and  Manners,  speaks  of 
them  as  having  "builded  many  places" 
and  possessed  "many  lands  and  manors 
before  the  Norman  Conquest."  C.  S.  Gil- 
bert's Cornwall.  The  pedigree  is  traced 
only  to  the  latter  part  of  the  XIV.  century. 
Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

TREGOTHNAN.  From  lands  so  called 
in  Cornwall.  The  elder  male  line  became 
extinct  in  the  XIV.  century.  C.  S.  Gilbert's 
Cornwall. 

TREGOYE.  From  an  estate  in  Corn- 
wall so  designated.  The  family  of  Tregoye 
or  Tregoyes  ranked  amongst  the  nobles  of 
England,  at  the  accession  of  William  the 
Conqueror.     Carew's  Survey  of  Cornwall. 

TREGOZ.  A  local  name ;  but  I  do  not 
know  the  place  from  which  it  was  taken. 
The  first  recorded  ancestor  of  the  family, 
who  were  ennobled  in  three  branches,  was 
William  de  Tregoz,  who,  in  the  fifth  year 
of  King  Stephen,  had  the  lands  of  William 
Peverell,  of  London,  in  farm.  His  descend- 
ants were  much  connected  with  the  county 
of  Sussex. 

TREHANE.  An  estate  In  the  parish  of 
Probus,  CO.  Cornwall,  the  early  residence  of 
the  family. 


'TRE 


354 


TRE 


TREHAWKE.     A  place  in  the  parish  of 

Menheniot,  co.  Cornwall.  The  last  Cornish- 
man  of  the  name  died  at  Liskeard  in  1790. 
C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TREHERNE.  An  ancient  Welsh  per- 
sonal name,  as  Trahern  ap  Caradoc,  Prince 
of  North  Wales,  1073. 

TRELAWNY.  Two  manors  so  called 
exist  in  Cornwall,  and  are  situated  respect- 
ively in  the  parishes  of  Alternon  and 
Pelynt.  "The  former,"  says  Mr.  Shirley, 
"  was  the  original  seat  of  the  Trelawnys, 
probably  before  the  Conquest,  and  here 
they  remained  till  the  extinction  of  the 
elder  branch  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VI. 
The  latter  was  purchased  from  Queen 
Elizabeth  by  Sir  John  Trelawny,  the  head 
of  a  younger  line  of  the  family,  in  the  year 
1600,"  and  it  is  still  the  seat  of  the  baronet, 
wdio  now  represents  the  male  line  of  this 
venerable  house.  See  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men  of  England. 

TREMAYNE.  An  estate  in  the  parish 
of  St.  Martin,  co.  Cornwall.  The  pedigree 
is  traced  to  Perys  de  Tremayne  of  Tremayne, 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

TREMENHEERE.  "  The  family  name 
of  Tremenheere  is  derived  from  lauds  so 
named  in  the  parish  of  Ludgvan,  of  which 
Nicholas  de  Tremenheere  was  seised  befoi'e 
the  reign  of  Edward  I."  C.  S.  Gilbert's 
Cornwall. 

TREMERE.  An  estate  in  Lanivet 
parish,  co.  Cornwall.  The  elder  line  failed 
in  the  XIV.  century.  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Corn- 
wall. The  surname  Trimmer  may  be  a 
corruption  of  this  name. 

TRENCH.  From  La  Tranche,  a  town 
in  Poitou,  the  possession  of  the  family  in 
eai'ly  times.  After  the  massacre  of  St. 
Bartholomew,  Frederick  de  la  Tranche,  or 
Trenche,  a  Protestant  nobleman,  sought 
refuge  from  persecution  on  English  ground, 
and  settled  in  Northumberland  in  the  year 
1574.  Thence  his  descendants  passed  over 
into  Ireland,  where  they  still  flourish  in 
the  enjoyment  of  two  ijeeragcs,  the  Earl- 
dom of  Clancarty,  and  the  Barony  of  Ash- 
town. 

We  find  an  indigenous  family  of  Trench 
in  Norfolk,  temp.  Edward  I.   H.R. 

TRENCHARD.  Baldwin  de  Riparils, 
Earl  of  Devon,  granted  Ilordhill,  in  the 
Isle  of  AVight,  to  the  ancestor  of  this  family, 
Paganus  Trenchard,  temp.  Henry  I.  The 
name  is  most  probably  derived  from  the 
O.  Fr.  trencher,  to  carve ;  and  it  may  refer 
to  the  occupation  of  the  original  bearer, 
either  as  a  carver  of  viands,  or  as  owner  of 
a  trenchant  blade  in  war. 

TRENCREEK.  An  estate  at  St.  Creed, 
CO.  Cornwall,  the  residence  of  the  family, 
who  became  extinct  in  the  male  line  in 
1594,  when  the  four  co-heiresses  married 
Carminowe,  Penwarne,  Polwhele,  and  Mo- 
■hun.     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TRENDLE.  A  tything  in  the  parish  of 
of  Pitminster,  co.  Somerset. 


The  great  midland  river. 


TRENGOFF.     Lands  in  the  parish  of 

Warleggon,  co.  Cornwall,  are  so  called. 
The  family  became  extinct  about  the  year 
1720.  A  younger  branch  settled  at  Nance 
in  the  parish  of  Illogan,  and  thereupon 
wrote  themselves  Nance,  alias  Trengoff. 
C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TRENGOVE.     See  under  Goff. 

TRENOWITH.  An  estate  in  the  parish 
of  Probus,  CO.  Cornwall,  where  dwelt,  in 
12.  Edward  HI.,  Michael  de  Trenowith, 
one  of  the  knights  of  that  shire.  C.  S. 
Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TRENOWTH.     See  Trenowith. 

TRENT. 

TRENWITH.  The  original  name  of 
this  family  was  Baillie.  Thomas  Baillie, 
the  iirst  recorded  ancestor,  was  liviug  45, 
Edward  III.  His  sou,  Henry  Baillie,  ob- 
taining from  the  Duchy  of  Cornwall,  a 
grant  of  the  manor  and  barton  of  Trenwith, 
near  St.  Ives,  began  to  write  himself  De 
Trenwith.  The  male  line  became  extinct 
in  1796.     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TRESCOTT.    A  hamlet  in  Staffordshire . 

TRESILLIAN.  Two  places  in  Corn- 
wall ai'e  so  designated  ;  one  in  the  parish 
of  Newlyn,  and  the  other  in  Merther.  The 
distinguished  Sir  Robert  Tresillian,  lord 
chief  justice  of  the  King's  bench,  who  fell  a 
victim  to  the  resentmen,t  of  the  barons,  at 
Tyburn,  in  1388,  was  of  this  family.  C.  S. 
Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TRESITHNEY.  An  estate  in  the  parish 
of  St.  Columb,  CO.,  Cornwall,  anciently  the 
possession  of  the  familJ^  C.  S.  Gilbert's 
Cornwall. 

TRESS.  TRESSE.  "The  name  of 
Tress,  or  Tresse,  is  supposed  to  be  the  same 
as  that  of  Tracey,  and  to  have  been  altered 
by  vulgar  corruption  and  the  succession  of 
time;  if  so,  the  family  of  Tresse,  so  long 
settled  at  West  Mailing  and  Offham,  might 
very  probably  be  a  branch  of  the  family  of 
Tracie,  jiossessors  of  the  manor  which  still 
bears  their  name  at  Newington,  near  Sit- 
tiugbourne,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III." 
Hasted's  Kent,  8vo.,  vol.  iv.,  p.  535. 

TRETHAKE.  An  ancient  Cornish 
family,  deriving  the  name  either  from 
Trethake  in  St.  Clear,  or  Trethake  in 
Lanteglos.  "  We  know  not  how  the  great- 
ness of  this  family  ended,  or  when  it  be- 
came extinct,  but  a  poor  man  of  the  same 
name  died  lately  at  East  Looe,  very  aged." 
C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TRETHEWY.  A  Cornish  family.  The 
village  of  Trethewy  or  Trethevy  is  in  the 
parish  of  South  Petherwiu. 

TRETHURFFE.  According  to  tradi- 
tion this  family  were  resident  at  Trethurffe, 
in  Ladock,  co.  Cornwall,  before  the  Norm  an 
Conquest.  The  elder  line  ended  with  John 
Trethurffe,  who  was  knight  of  that  sliire  in 
the  Parliament  uf  15.  Henry  VI.  C.  S. 
Gilbert's  Cornwall. 


TRE 


355 


TEI 


TREVA NlOiSr.  This  important  and  ex- 
tensive family  derive  their  name  from  Tre- 
yanion,  in  the  parish  of  Carhayes  in  Coru- 
Avall,  their  seat  in  the  reign  of  Edward  II., 
and  probably  much  earlier.  C.  S.  Gilbert's 
Cornwall. 

TREVARTHIAN.  The  manor  of  Tre- 
varthian,  in  the  parish  of  Newlyn,  near 
Truro,  "  is  undoubtedly  the  spot  that  gave 
origin  to  this  family,  who  in  former  times 
ranked  among  the  most  distinguished 
names  that  have  been  known  in  the  county 
of  Cornwall."     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TREVERBYN.  A  manor  in  the  parish 
of  St.  Austell,  which  was  the  seat  of  the 
family  as  early  as  the  Norman  Conquest. 
Walter  Treverbyn  was  sheriff  of  Cornwall 
in  1223.  The  elder  male  line  became  ex- 
tinct in  the  XIV.  century.  C.  S.  Gilbert's 
Cornwall. 

TREVEL YAN".  An  estate  in  the  parish 
of  St.  Veep  near  Fowey,  in  Cornwall, 
■where  dwelt  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I., 
Nicholas  de  Trevelyan,  whose  ancestors  had 
possessed  the  property  from  a  still  earlier 
period.  See  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men.  Nettlecombe,  co.  Somerset,  became 
their  seat  in  the  XV.  century,  and  Walling- 
ton,  CO.  Northumberland,  (acquired  with 
the  heiress  of  Calverley  of  Calverley,)  in 
the  XVIII. 

TREVIADOS.  An  estate  in  the  parish 
of  Coustantiue,  co.  Cornwall,  where  the 
family  resided  temp.  Edward  III.  C.  S. 
Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TREVILLE.  A  Cornish  surname  derived 
from  one  of  the  several  places  so  called  in 
that  peninsula.     C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TREVILLION.  A  corruption  of 
Trevelyan. 

TRE  VIS  A.  A  place  in  Cornwall,  si- 
tuated in  St.  Endor.  This  family,  who 
became  extinct  about  the  end  of  the  XVII. 
century,  produced  John  Trevisa,  who,  at  an 
interval  of  about  half  a  century  from  John 
Wickliffe's  translation,  made  a  version  of 
the  Bible  into  English,  and  died  at  the  age 
of  86,  in  1470.     D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TREVISSA.     See  Trevisa. 

TREVOR.  The  Welsh  heralds  derive 
the  Trevors  from  Rourd  Wiedick,  fatlier  of 
Eignian  Yothe,  which  Eignian  held  the 
lands  of  Gaercinion  in  Powysland,  and  was 
grandfather  to  Kariodoc,  Earl  of  Hereford, 
early  in  the  sixth  century.  The  first  who 
bore  this  name  was  the  famous  Tudor 
Trevor,  Earl  of  Hereford,  Kariodoc's 
grandson.  Surnames  were  not  hereditary  in 
Wales  before  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  this 
being  the  single  exception  that  I  have  ob- 
served. The  first  person  who  adopted 
Trevor  as  a  settled  family  name,  was  John 
ap  Edward  ap  David,  who  died  in  1494. 
None  of  his  immediate  ancestors  had  borne 
the  baptismal  name  of  Trevor;  and  it  is 
therefore  likely  that  he  adopted  it  from 
the  most  illustrious  of  his  ancestors,  the 
renowned    Earl    of  Hereford.    The   great 


families  of  Mostyn  and  Jenkyn  are  of  the 
same  family  as  the  Trevors,  and  bear  the 
same  arms. 

TREVRONck.  "  Allan  Trevronck  was 
living  in  great  respectability  at  Trevronck, 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  III."  C.  S.  Gil- 
bert's Cornwall. 

TREWEEK.  1.  Trewick,  a  township  in 
Northumberland.     2.  See  Treweeke. 

TREWEEKE.  A  'barton,'  and  manor  in 
Cornwall.     D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall. 

TREWINNARD.  An  estate  in  the 
parish  of  St.  Erth,  co.  Cornwall.  The 
earliest  I'ecorded  ancestor  seems  to  be 
William  de  Trewinnard,  a  knight  of  the 
shire,  28.  Edward  III.  C.  S.  Gilbert's 
Cornwall. 

TREWOLLA.  The  family  were  of 
Trewolla,  in  Gorran  parish,  seven  genera- 
tions before  1620.  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Corn- 
wall. 

TREWOOFE.  xVn  estate  in  Burian,  co. 
Cornwall,  the  inheritance  of  the  family  in 
the  XV.  centurv.  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Corn- 
wall. 

TRE  WREN.  The  family  were  seated 
at  Drift'  in  the  parish  of  Sancreed,  in  the 
year  1.340.  C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall.  It  is 
doubtless  a  Tre  of  Cornish  growth. 

TREWYTIIENICK.  A  manor  in  Cor- 
nelly,  co.  Cornwall,  is  so  called. 

TRIGG.     TRIGGS.     See  Ridge.    The 

Trig  and  Trigges  of  the  H.R.  are,  however, 
in  favour  of  a  deri\-ation  from  a  personal 
name. 

TRIGGER.  1.  I  knew  this  name,  at 
Alfriston,  co.  Sussex,  corrupted  from  the 
local  name  Trigwell.  2.  A  correspondent 
informs  me  that  this  is  a  rather  common 
name  at  Madeley,  co.  Salop,  where  it  is 
understood  to  signify  an  employment.  A 
Trigger  is  one  who  cuts  small  watercourses, 
locally  called  trigs,  in  meadows  capable  of 
irrigation.  The  name  is  therefore  analo- 
gous to  Ditcher. 

TRIGWELL.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Tregouwell.  This  name  is  sometimes 
further  corrupted  to  Trigger. 

TRILL.  1.  A  rill  is  a  small  stream,  a 
rivulet.  A  man  whose  habitation  stood 
near  one  would  acquire  the  name  of  Atte- 
Rill,  which  would  easily  shorten  into  Trill. 
2.  There  must  have  been  a  locality  so 
called,  as  a  John  deTril  occurs  in  H.R.  co. 
Devon. 

TRIMMER.     See  Tremere. 

TRING.     A  parish  in  Hertfordshire. 

TRIPP.  The  family  trace  by  deeds  to 
temp.  Hen.  VIII.  in  co.  Somerset ;  but  tra- 
dition derives  them  from  the  illustrious 
race  of  Howard,  and  accounts  for  the  name, 
and  the  "  scaling  ladder"  in  their  arms,  by 
the  following  wretched  little  anecdote, 
inscribed  beneath  an  old  family  '  achieve- 
ment '  : — 


TRO 


356 


TRU 


"  Tliis  atcliievement  was  given  unto  my 
Lord  Howard's  5th  Son,  at  3'e  Seige  of 
Bullogne  :  King  Harry  ye  5th  being  there 
ask'd  how  they  tool?  ye  Town  and  Castle. 
Howard  answered,  I  Tripp'd  up  the  Walls. 
Saith  his  Majesty :  Trijjp  shall  he  thy  name, 
and  no  longer  Howard ;  and  Honvd.  him 
with  ye  scaling  Ladder  for  his  Bend  !"  The 
name  is  found  in  the  Eotuli  Hundredorum 
— some  century  and  a  half  before  the  siege 
alluded  to — as  Trippe. 

TRIST.  L  Fr.  triste,  "sad,  pensive, 
grieved,  heavie,  discontented,  melancho- 
licke,  wofull,  dolefull,  sorrowful! :  also 
grave,  austere,  sowre,  harsh."  Cotgrave. 
The  name  is  traced  in  the  pedigree  to  about 
the  year  1370.  B.L.G.  2.  A  nickname  of 
Tristram. 

TRISTON.     Tristan,    Tristram,    which 

see. 
TRISTRAM.         An     ancient     personal 

name. 

TRITTON".  Probably  from  Treeton, 
curtly  so  j^ronounced ;  a  parish  in  co.  York. 

TRIVET.  Trivetus,  an  old  personal 
name.     Trivet,  ILR. 

TROAKE.  TROKES.  Probably  the 
same  as  Trocke. 

TROBRIDGE.  The  same  as  Trow- 
bridge. 

TROCKE.  Said  to  have  been  introduced 
into  Ireland  at  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict 
of  Nantes.  A  John  Trocke,  whose  tomb 
bears  date  early  in  the  XVIII.  century, 
lies  buried  in  the  centre  of  the  nave  of  St. 
Andeon's  church,  Dublin.  The  family  tra- 
dition is,  tliat  the  name  is  of  German  ex- 
traction ;  if  so,  it  may  be  derived  from  the 
Germ,  trocken,  equivalent  to  oiu'  indigenous 
surname  Dry.  Some  branches  of  the  family, 
however,  spell  itTroke,  which  almost  iden- 
tifies it  with  Troki,  the  Polish  town  and 
province. 

TROLL.  A  demon  or  giant.  O.  Norse 
troll.  Ferguson.  The  noble  family  of 
Trolle  bore  a  demon  in  tlieir  arms,  in  com- 
memoration of  an  ancestor  having  killed 
one  ! 

TROLLOPE.  A  name  of  uncertain  de- 
rivation. A  long-standing  tradition  in  the 
family  makes  it  TroU  Loups,  in  consequence 
of  some  marvellous  exploit  performed  by 
an  early  progenitor  against  the  wolves 
which  then  infested  Lincolnshire;  but  as 
the  name  has  been  spelt  Trowlop,  Trolop, 
and  1x0^102)0,  I  have  little  doubt  of  its  be- 
longing to  the  local  class,  although  the 
place  from  which  it  was  assumed  has  been 
forgotten.  See  Hope.  The  family  of  the 
baronet  are  ancient  in  Lincolnshire. 

TROOP.  Troup,  a  place  in  the  parish 
of  Fortiugal,  co.  Perth. 

TROTT.  1.  See  Trotman.  2.  Mr.  Fer- 
guson deduces  it  from  the  German  travt, 
dear ;  Low  German,  dnid,  dear,  beloved. 

TROTMAN.  A  trot  in  Old  Scotch 
means  an  expedition  by  horsemen  ;  a  raid. 


See  Jamieson.  Hence  the  surnames  Trott, 
Trotter,  and  Trotman,  ]:)robably  belonging 
to  Border  warfare  and  pillage.  Troteman. 
H.R. 

TROTTER.     See  Trotman. 

TROTTON.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

TROUBLEFIELD.       A   corruption    of 

Turberville. 

TROUT.     Possibly  from  the  fish. 

TROUTBECK.  A  chapelry  in  the 
parish  of  Windermere,  co.  Westmoreland, 
anciently  the  estate  of  the  family,  who  in 
later  times  became  eminent  in  Cheshire. 
See  Done. 

TROW.  "Trow,  Troy,  and  Try,"  says 
Mr.  Ferguson,  "  are  different  forms  of  True; 
as  old  Frieslandic,  trome,  troiwe;  German 
tren."" 

TROWELL.  A  parish  in  Nottingham- 
shire. 

TROAVER.  To  trow,  an  obsolescent 
verb,  is  to  believe,  trust;  from  the  A-Sax. 
tre6wian;  and  Ferguson  makes  Trower 
synonjmious  with  believer,  religious  man, 
or  Christian. 

TROY.     1.  See  Trow.    2.  Perhaps  from 

Troyes  in  France. 

TRUEBODY.     See  under  Body. 

TRUELOVE.  From  the  Scandinavian 
^^  troe  lof,"  bound  in  law;  a  bondsman. 
Ulst.  Journ.  Arch.  No.  2.   Trewelove.  H.R, 

TRUMAN.      TRUEMAN.     A  man  of 

truth  or  integrity.    Treweman  H.R. 

TRUGEON.  An  occasional  cpelling  of 
Tregian. 

TRULL.     A  parish  in  co.  Somerset. 

TRULY.  Truleigh,  or  Truly,  is  a  manor 
in  the  parish  of  Edburton,  co.  Sussex. 

TRUMBULL.  A  corruption  of  Turn- 
bull. 

TRUNDLE.     See  Trendle. 

TRUSSEL.  An  ancient  Norman  family, 
located,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  I.,  in  War- 
wickshire. The  baronage  mentions,  as  of 
this  family,  Richard  Trussel,  who  fell  at 
the  battle  of  Evesham,  temp.  Henry  III. 
The  0.  French  trousscl  signifies,  says  Cot- 
grave,  "a  fardle,  bundle,  or  bunch,"  and 
this  name  may  possibly  have  originated 
with  a  hunchback. 

TRUSCOTT.     See  Trescott. 

TRUSSER.  I.  Probably  a  maker  of 
trugscf!,  padded  jackets  so  called,  which 
were  worn  under  a  coat  of  mail  to  prevent 
abraision  of  the  skin.  2.  A  man  who 
makes  liay  into  trusses  or  bundles  of  a 
given  weight. 

TRUSTRAM.  Has  nothino-  to  do  with 
putting  confidence  in  Aries,  astrologically 
or  otherwise,  but  is  a  simple  corruption  of 
Tristram,  a  name  renowned  in  chivalrous 
fable. 


TUC 


357 


TUL 


TRUSTY.  A  man  to  be  relied  on;  a 
faithful  adherent. 

B^  TRY.  A  common  termination  of  local 
names,  as  Allstry,  Oswestry,  lugestrie. 
A- Sax.  treon\  a  tree.  Most  of  the 
places  so  designated  anciently  possessed 
some  tree,  reraarkahle  either  for  its  age 
or  size,  or  from  some  striking  event  as- 
sociated with  it.  The  veneration  in 
which  individual  trees  were  held,  in  the 
patriarchal  and  Druidical  ages,  is  well 
known. 

TRYE.  The  family  are  of  French  ex- 
traction ;  and  the  name  is  said  to  be  derived 
from  a  town  in  Normandy,  so  called  ;  hut 
I  cannot  find  any  such  locality.  "  In  the 
XIII.  and  XIV.  centuries,  theTryes  ranked 
among  the  highest  orders  of  the  French 
nobility  :  we  find  temp.  Edward  II. 
Matthew  de  Try,  Marshal  of  France,  ren- 
dering homage  to  that  monarch  for  lands 
in  Ponthieu,  and  in  3.  Henry  IV.  Sir  Jas. 
de  Try  was  taken  prisoner  and  brought  to 
England."  B.L.G.  The  family  of  Trye  of 
Leckhampton,  co.  Gloucester,  are  traced  to 
Rawlin  Try,  who  lived  in  the  reign  of 
Richard  II,  and  married  an  heiress  of 
Berkeley,  with  whom  he  had  the  manor  of 
Alkingtou  in  Berkeley.  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men.     2.  See  Trow. 

TRYOISr.  The  founder  of  this  family 
in  England  was  Peter  Tryon,  who  fled 
from  the  persecution  of  the  Duke  of  Alva, 
temp.  Queen  Elizabeth.  His  family,  who 
had  long  flourished  in  the  Netherlands, 
were  so  rich,  that  the  emigrant  contrived  to 
bring  with  him  to  England  sixty  thousand 
pounds  sterling;  a  very  large  sum  in  those 
days.  His  second  son  was  created  a  baronet 
in  1620. 

TUBS.     TUBBS.     See  Theobald. 

TUBBY.     See  Theobald. 

TUBMAN.  In  the  Court  of  Exchequer 
the  Tubman  is,  next  the  Postman,  the 
senior  counsel  without  the  Bar. 

TUCK.     See  Tooke. 

TUCKER.  The  O.  English  for  fuller. 
In  some  places  fulling-mills  are  still  called 
"  tuck-mills."  The  trade  was  so  designated 
in  the  XVII.  century.  "  I,  Nicholas  Dor- 
man,  of  the  parrishe  of  Woorthe,  in  the 
couutye  of  Susses,  Tuclier."  Will  proved 
at  Lewes,  1600. 

TUCKERMAN.  I  cannot  better  eluci- 
date this  name  than  by  giving  the  following 
account,  received  from  a  learned  and  well- 
known  Transatlantic  bearer  of  it,  writing 
from  Cambridge,  U.S.,  in  1853  : — 

*'  It  is  a  Devonshire  name,  which  I  have 
traced  in  the  hundreds  of  Coleridge  and 
Stanborough,  M-hereit  is  still  extant,  to  the 
reign  of  Henry  VI.,  A.D.  U45.  It  appears 
to  run  through  the  same  series  of  clianges 
with  Toke  and  Toker,  and  it  was  first  spelled 
Tokerman.  I  have  always  supposed  that 
it  originated,  like  Toker,  from  the  old 
Devonshire  provincialism  tolie  or  tuch, 
(A-Sax.  teogan)  meaning  to  beat  in  a  full- 
ing mill,     I  do  not  well  understand  what  is 


the  meaning  of  Tokemian,  as  distinct 
from  Toker ;  and  I  have  the  same  difficulty 
as  to  Fisherman  and  Fisher,  Singerman 
and  Singer,  D}'kerman  and  Dyker,  and 
others." 

TUDHOE.  A  place  in  Northumber- 
land. 

TUDOR.  The  Welsh  form  of  Theodore. 
The  surname  of  an  English  dynasty,  de- 
scended from  Edmund  Tudor,  a  Welsh 
gentleman  of  ancient  blood.  In  the 
Domesday  of  Shropshire  we  have,  as  sub- 
tenant of  Roger,  Earl  of  Shrewsbury, 
"  Tuder,  quidam  Walensis  " — a  certain 
Welshman  called  Tudor. 

TUFNELL.  In  the  XVII.  century  this 
name  was  spelt  Tufnaile,  and  I  am  there- 
fore rather  inclined  to  take  it  cm  pied  de  la 
lettre  (or  rather  at  the  end  of  the  finger) 
and  to  consider  "  tough  nail "  as  its  ety- 
mon. 

TUFTON.  "  From  Tufton,  a  manor  in 
the  parish  of  Northiam,  in  the  county  of 
Sussex,  is  deduced  the  uame  of  the  ancient 
family  of  the  Earls  of  Thanet."  It  was 
originally  written  De  Toketon.  The  estate 
remained  in  the  possession  of  the  family 
until  the  close  of  the  XVIII.  century.  The 
earliest  known  ancestor  is  Elphege  de 
Toketon,  who  flourished  six  generations 
prior  to  1346,  which  would  probably  place 
him  in  the  latter  half  of  the  XII.  century. 
It  is  asserted  by  several  genealogists,  that 
Toketon  or  Tufton,  the  locality  from  which 
the  name  was  borrowed,  is  at  Rainham  in 
Kent.  Rainham  was  certainly  the  residence 
of  the  family  after  they  forsook  their  Sussex 
abode ;  but  the  mistake  seems  to  have  arisen 
from  the  existence  of  a  field  of  sixteen 
acres  called  Tufton's  in  that  parish.  For 
the  conflicting  evidence  on  this  subject,  see 
Focock's  Memorials  of  the  Family  of  Tuf- 
ton.    8vo.  ISOO. 

The  change  of  spelling  from  Toketon  to 
Tufton  took  place  in  the  XIV.  century. 
One  of  the  first  persons  who  employed  the 
latter  orthography  was  Sir  Lewis  de  Tufton, 
a  commander  in  the  second  battalion  of 
the  English  army  at  the  battle  of  Cresci. 

TUGWELL.  Though  borne  by  dentists, 
shoemakers,  &c.,  this  name  has  no  connec- 
tion with  tugging.     It  is  clearly  local. 

TUITE.  This  surname  is  local,  and 
probably  of  Nomi  an -Conquest  importation 
into  England.  It  was  introduced  into  Ire- 
laud  at  Strougbow's  invasion.  Richard  de 
Tuite,  who  engaged  in  that  expedition,  ob- 
tained from  his  leader  fair  possessions  in 
Teffta.  and  was  made  a  palatine  peer  by  the 
title  of  Baron  of  Moyashill.  He  was  killed 
in  1211,  by  the  fall  of  a  tower  in  Athlone. 
D'Alton. 

TUKE.     See  Tooke. 

TULLY.  TULLEY.  Has  no  connec- 
tion with  the  Roman  orator.  It  is  probably 
a  corruption  of  St.  Olave.  St.  Olave's 
"Well,  near  Lewes,  is  now  called  Tulley's 
Well.  In  like  manner  Tooley  Street  in 
Southwark  is  a  corruption  of  St.  Olave's 
Street, 


TUR 


358 


TUR 


TULLOCH.  Gael,  tulach,  a  hillock. 
There  are  places  specifically  so  called  in 
the  shires  of  Perth,  Ross,  Aberdeen,  &c. 

TUNNARD.  An  ancient  Lincolnshire 
familj'.  In  1333  the  name  occurs  as 
Tonnehyrd,  and  in  1381  as  Tunherd.  The 
last  syllable  looks  like  the  A-Sax.  hyrd,  a 
keeper  or  herdsman,  wliile  the  former  may 
be  ti'in,  any  enclosure,  village,  town,  &c.  In 
this  case,  the  name  may  signify  the  '  town- 
herd,'  or  herdsman,  one  to  whom  was  en- 
trusted the  care  of  tlie  common  herd  of  a 
town  or  village,  a  well-known  office  or  em- 
ployment in  the  middle  ages. 

TUNE.  Has  no  reference  to  musical 
accomplishments.  It  is  the  A-Sax.  tun,  an 
inclosure.     See  TON'. 


Townstall,   a  parish  in 


TUNSTALL. 

Devonshire. 

TUPMAN.  A  hip  is,  In  some  dialects,  a 
ram ;  a  Uqwian  may  therefore  mean  a 
breeder  of  rams. 

TUPPER.  Appears  in  its  original  form 
as  Toppfer — a  name  well-known  in  the 
literature  of  Germany  and  Frauce.  The 
family,  widely  scattered  in  the  religious 
troubles  of  the  XVI.  cent.,  having  "lost 
all "  under  Charles  V.,  as  obstinate 
Lutherans,  were  called  Tout-perd  in  France, 
and,  by  corruption,  Toupard  in  the  Nether- 
lands ;  while  in  Guernsey  aud  England, 
and  among  the  Puritan  fathers  of  America, 
the  name  assumed  the  form  so  familiar  to 
the  public  as  the  designation  of  the  author 
of"  Proverbial  Philosophy."  The  principal 
branch  went  to  Guernsey  in  154:8. 

TUPPIK  TUPPEN.  A  corruption  of 
the  personal  name  Turpin.  In  Sussex  we 
find  a  Henry  Turpin,  who  was  engaged  in 
the  Crusades  ;  and  from  him  the  numerous 
Tuppens  of  the  South-Down  district  pro- 
bably spring.  See  Abbrev.  Placit.  temp. 
John.  pp.  26,  30.     Inf.  W.  S.  Ellis,  Esq. 

TURBERVILLE.  This  ancient  Norman 
surname  was  latinized  De  Turbida  Villa, 
and  oddly  enough  anglicized  Troublefield — 
neither  the  one  nor  the  other  very  compli- 
mentary to  the  bearers  of  it.  Tlie  treason 
of  Sir  Tliomas  Turberville  in  attempting  to 
betray  king  Edward  I.  into  the  hands  of 
the  French  monarch  (for  wliich  he  was 
hanged  in  London)  brought  upon  him  cer- 
tain condemnatory  verses  from  a  contem- 
porary poet : — 

"  Tarlat  tranquilla  clam,  Thomas  Turh'ula 
villa,  cfc. 
Our  things  now  in  tranquillitie 
Thorn.  I^irbvill  tronblotli  iirivilie." 
(Lamhardc's  Perambulation  of  Kent.     Wingham). 

The  family  were  eminent  in  Brecknock- 
shire from  the  time  of  William  Rufus.  No 
locality  in  Normandy,  at  present,  bears  a 
name  resembling  Turberville. 

TURBYFIELD.  A  monstrous  corrup- 
tion of  Turberville. 

TURBOT.     See  Turliutt. 

TURBUTT.  The  family,  probably  of 
Norman  origin,  were  in  Yorkshire  so  early 


as  the  reign  of  Richard  I.  B.L.G.  Tur- 
bert  is  a  personal  name  occurring  in  Domes- 
day. 

TURCriETIL.     A  Normanlzed  form  of 

Tliurkettle. 

TURFFREY.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Treffry. 

TURKE.   More  probably  a  -nurse-name 
of  Turchetil,  than  a  native  of  Turkey.    We 
have,    however,    the    analogous    surname 
Saracen. 

TURLE.     See  Thorokl. 

TURNBULL.  Probably  local.  A  tra- 
dition has,  however,  been  made  to  fit  the 
name.  It  seems  that  king  Robert  Bruce, 
being  once  upon  a  time  in  Stirling  park, 
was  attacked  by  a  ferocious  bull.  A  brave 
fellow,  called  Ruel,  came  to  the  rescue; 
turned  tlie  hull;  and  got  not  only  the  king's 
thanks,  but  the  lands  of  Bedrule,  and  a 
new  surname.  It  appears  certain,  however, 
that  a  champion  of  great  stature  called 
Turnbull  fouglit  under  king  David  Bruce, 
at  the  battle  of  Halidon,  and  was  killed 
there.  Nisbet's  Heraldry.  Tlie  analogous 
name  Chacelyon  is  found  in  Essex,  temp. 
Hen.  VI.  Knatchbull  may  also  belong  to 
this  class. 

TURNER.  The  occupation.  One  of 
the  most  common  of  surnames — "  out  of 
all  proportion,"  Mr.  Ferguson  alleges,  "  to 
the  number  of  persons  engaged  in  the 
trade  "  of  the  lathe.  "  We  find  it  in  fact," 
he  continues,  "  as  a  name  before  the  Con- 
quest— a  grant  to  tlie  monastery  of  Croy- 
laud.  in  1051,  being  signed,  among  others, 
by  a  Turnerns  Capellanus.  The  Icelandic 
has  turnera,  turnameutum  agere ;  turnarl, 
a  tilter — which  may  probably  shew  the 
origin  of  the  name.  As,  however,  the 
Turner  in  question  was  a  bishoj^'s  chaplain, 
his  "  tilting  "  must  have  been  only  theolo- 
gical. But  the  name  may  probably  have 
been  baptismal,  and  perhaps  of  Norman 
introduction."  p.  336.  Le  Turnur,  Le  Tur- 
ner. H.R.   See  Turnour  below. 

TURNEY.  The  same  as  Tournay.  De 
Turnai.     H.R. 

TURNOR.  A  '  genteel '  modification  of 
Turner,  and  of  recent  date. 

TURNOUR.  Those  who  dislike  tlie 
plebeian  tourmtre  of  Turner  have  contrived 
to  turn  it  into  Turnour.  To  justify  this 
twist,  they  allege  thiit they  "came  in  with 
the  Conqueror,"  leaving  behind  them  the 
Torn-  Noire,  or  black  castle,  from  ^vhicll,  as 
its  iiroprietors,  they  had  derived  their  sur- 
name. However  this  may  be,  both  the 
Map  and  the  Itinerary  of  Normandy  fail 
to  indicate  that  redoubtable  fortress.  A  far 
more  probable  origin  is  tovrtieour,  tlie  Norm. 
French  for  one  who  took  ])art  in  a  tourna- 
ment. In  the  celebrated  Scrope  and  Gros- 
venor  controversy  respecting  the  right  of 
bearing  Azure,  a  bend  Or,  temp.  Richard 
II.  Sir  William  de  Aton  testifies,  that 
Monsire  le  Scrope  was,  in  his  time,  "  le 
plus  fort  TouRNEOUK  de  tout  notre  pays  " 


T  WI 


359 


TYN 


— '  tlie  h-avest  tourney-er  of  all  our 
country  ;'  he  testifies,  moreover,  that  he  al- 
ways wore  the  blue  with  the  golden  bend, 
as  did  his  kinsman,  Geoffry  le  Scrope,  when 
he  tourned  at  the  touraameut  of  North- 
ampton. 

T[JRRELL.    See  Thorold. 

TURROLD.     See  Thorold. 

TURTLE.  1.  A  common  surname  in  co. 
Antrim,  supposed  to  be  anglicized  from  the 
old  tribe  Hy  Tuirtre  (Tuirtre).  2.  The 
name  is  ancient  in  England.  It  appears 
to  be  corrupted  from  Thurketil  or  Thur- 
kettle,  thus:  Thurkel,  Turkil,  Turtel,  Turtle. 
See  H.R. 

TURTON.  1.  A  chapelry  in  co.  Lan- 
caster. 2.  At  Chesterfield,  after  many 
generations  of  Treeton,  or  Treton,  (from 
Treeton,  a  parish  between  that  town  and 
Sheffield)  the  name  turns  up  in  the  parish 
register  as  Turton. 

TURVILE.  The  Itineraire  de  la  Nor- 
mandie  shows  ten  places  called  Tourville, 
but  from  which  of  these  at,  or  soon  after, 
the  Conquest,  the  family  came,  does  not  ap- 
pear. Early  under  the  Norman  rule  the 
name  is  conspicuous  among  the  landholders 
of  Warwick  and  Leicestershire.  Ralph 
Turvile  was  a  benefactor  to  the  abbey  of 
Leicester  in  1297.  Their  principal  seat 
■was  Normanton  -  Turvile,  co.  Leicester, 
where  the  elder  line  became  extinct  in 
1776.     Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  ilen. 

TUSLER.  To  tussle  is  a  provincial  word 
for  to  struggle  or  wrestle  ;  hence  a  Tusler 
may  mean  a  wrestler. 

TWELLS.     See  Wells. 

TWELVETREES.  From  some  locality 
trivially  so  denominated.  So  Sevenoaks  in 
Kent,  Five-Ashes  in  Sussex,  &c.  Quatre- 
fages  (four  beeches)  is  a  corresponding  Fr. 
surname. 

TWEMLOW.     A  townsliip  in  Cheshire. 

T^^^XTYMAN.  In  the  XIV.  century 
the  officer  who  had  command  of  twenty 
armed  men  was  called  a  vintenarlus  ;  and  of 
this  word  I  take  Twentyman  to  be  a  trans- 
lation . 

TWICE  AD  AY.  Probably  has  reference 
to  some  habit  of  the  original  bearer. 

TWINER.  A  spinner  of  twine.  Ana- 
logous to  Roper,  Corder,  Thredder,  &c. 

TWINING.  A  parish  in  Gloucester- 
shire. 

TWISDEN.  The  Twisdens,  baronets  of 
1G66,  are  a  branch  of  the  Twysdens, 
baronets  of  IGll.  The  first  baronet  of  the 
younger  line  altered  the  spelling,  to  distin- 
guish between  the  two  houses.  See 
Twysden. 

TWISS.  O.  Scotch  twyss,  from  0.  Fr. 
toissu;  means  a  girdle  or  sash.  Jamieson. 
One  of  the  many  surnames  Ijorrowed  from 
costume. 

TWITTEN.     In  the  S.   of  England,   a 


narrow    alley,    passage,    or    entry.      Atte 
Twytene  occurs  in  Sussex  in  1296. 

TWOPENNY.  This  designation  may 
have  been  given  as  a  sobriquet  to  some 
small  trader,  from  his  usual  cry,  "  Two  a 
penny  ;"  certain  it  is  that  Fourapenny  was, 
in  the  XIV.  century,  an  orthodox  family 
name  in  Norfollc.  '  Simon  Fourapeni.' 
Papers  of  Norfollc  Arch?eol.  Soc.  iv.  253. 
Turnepeui  is  a  H.R.  surname.  Twopenny 
has,  however,  been  noticed  as  a  corruption 
of  Tupigny,  a  Flemish  surname.  Edinb. 
Rev.,  April,  1855. 

TWOPOTTS.  Probably  the  sobriquet 
of  a  toper. 

TWl^SDEN.  This  name  is  derived 
from  Twysden,  or  Twysenden-Borough,  an 
estate  in  the  parish  of  Goudhurst,  co.  Kent, 
now  more  usually  called  Burr's  Farm, 
wliere  Adam  de  Twysden  resided  in  the 
reign  of  Edward  I.  His  descendants  sold 
it  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VI.  At  Sand- 
hurst, in  the  same  county,  there  is  another 
Twysden,  also  said  to  have  been  a  seat  of 
the  family,  temp.  Edward  I.  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

TYE.  A  topographical  word  of  uncer- 
tain origin.  It  generally  means  a  small 
piece  of  common  land  close  to  a  village,  as 
Telscombe  Tye,  a  few  miles  from  Brighton. 

Tl'ERMAN.  TIREIMAN.  A  dealer 
in   dresses   and   all   kinds    of  ornamental 

clothing.     Halliwell. 

> 
TYLER.      The    occupation — a  layer  of 
tiles.      The    H.R.    forms    are    Tegulator, 
Tilere,  &c. 

TYLOR.     A  '  genteel '  form  of  Tyler. 

TYNDALE.  Adam  de  Tyndale,  baron 
of  Langley  Castle,  in  South  Tyne-dale,  co. 
Northumberland,  temp.  Henry  II.,  des- 
cended from  a  ftimily  who  held  Langley, 
temp.  Henry  I.,  by  the  service  of  a  knight's 
fee.  Few  families  have  adhered  less  steadily 
than  this  to  a  particular  estate  or  county. 
In  the  line  of  its  present  male  representa- 
tive we  trace  residence,  successively,  in  the 
counties  of  Northumberland,  Northampton, 
Norfolk,  Worcester,  Gloucester,  Wiltshire, 
Somerset,  and  Hampshire.    See  B.L.G. 

TYNDALL.     See  Tindale. 

TYNE. 

TYNKER.  The  occupation.  One 
William  do  Tyneker,  however,  occurs  in 
H.R.  in  Huntingdonshire. 

Tl'NTE.  The  family  are  traditionally 
said  to  be  an  offshoot  of  the  noble  house 
of  Aruudell.  In  Eng.  Surn.  I  have  quoted 
the  legendary  anecdote  of  the  founder  hav- 
ing distinguished  himself  at  the  battle  of 
Ascalon  under  Richard  Co3ur  de  Lion,  and 
of  his  having  had  his  white  surcoat  dyed 
with  Saracen  blood  —  ^^  tynctus  cruore 
Saraceno,"  (Burke's  Commoners,  vol.  iv.) 
— whence  the  surname  Tynte.  I  think  this 
etymology  inust  have  suggested  itself  to 
some  one  as  a  dernier  rassort,  I  confess  that 
it  baffles  my  own  skill. 


The  great  northern  river. 


UGH 


360 


UMF 


TYRWHITT.  According  to  Wotton's 
Baronetage,  the  family  are  traced  to  a  Sir 
Hercules  Tyrwhitt,  who  flourished  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  I.  They  were  raised  to 
eminence  by  Sir  Robert  Tyrwhitt,  Justice 
of  the  Common  Pleas  and  the  King's 
Bench,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  IV.  Their 
chief  abode  was  Kettleby,  co.  Lincoln. 
Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

The  arms  of  the  family,  Gules,  three 
Tyrivhits  (or  lapwings),  Or,  are  of  course 
allusive,  and  from  them,  doubtless,  arose 
the  silly  legend  about  Sir  Hercules 
Tyrwhitt's  having  been  rescued  from  im- 
pending death  by  the  pee-wit  cry  of  a  flock 
of  lapwings.  See  Eng.  Surn.  ii.  13.  Cam- 
den cites  this  among  curious  local  surnames ; 
and  according  to  a  document  quoted  in 
Burke's  Commoners,  i.  583,  the  lands  of 
Tyrwhitt  are  in  Northumberland. 

TYSSEN.  Of  Flemish  origin,  and  resi- 
dent at  Ghent,  and  afterwards  at  Flushing, 
in  Holland,  about  the  commencement  of 
the  XVII.  cent.  Daniel  Tyssen,  of  the 
latter  town,  married  ApoUonia  Ridley,  a 
grand-niece  of  Nicholas  Ridley,  bishop  of 
London,  who  suffered  in  the  Marian  perse- 
cution. By  her  he  had  a  son,  who  settled 
in  London,  and  was  naturalized  by  Act  of 
Parliament  in  1689. 


TYSON.  Gilbert  Tison,  a  Norman  of 
distinction,  was  a  tenant  in  chief  at  the 
making  of  Domesday. 

TYTIIERIDGE.     See  Titheridge. 

TYTLER.  The  Scottish  family  of  this 
name  are  stated  to  be  a  younger  branch  of 
the  noble  house  of  Seton.  The  ancestor  is 
said  to  have  fled  into  France  temp.  James 
IV.,  in  consequence  of  his  having  slain  a 
gentleman  in  a  sudden  quarrel  at  a  hunting 
match,  and  there  to  have  adopted,  for  con- 
cealment, the  name  of  Tytler.  His  two 
sons,  bearing  the  same  name,  returned  to 
Scotland  with  Queen  Mary.  B.L.G.  The 
statement  appears  very  improbable;  and  the 
etymology  of  the  alias,  if  such  it  be,  is  un- 
known. Le  Titteler  occurs  in  H.R.,  and 
Jamieson,  gives  Titlar  as  a  tattler,  or  talka- 
tive person. 

TYTTERY.  This  family,  with  those  of 
Tyzack  and  Henzey,  were  French  Protes- 
tant refugees,  who,  towards  the  end  of  XVI. 
century,  settled  in  cos.  Stafford  and  Wor- 
cester, and  introduced  the  broad-glass 
manufacture  into  England.  N.  and  Q., 
lSo(3. 

TYZACKE.     See  under  Tyttery. 


u. 


Ui 


the    dale    where 


DALL.       Local 
yew-trees  grow  ?" 

UDELL.     See  Udall. 

UDNY.  UDNEY.  A  parish  in  Aber- 
deenshire, still  in  possession  of  the  family. 

UFFELL.  Mr.  Ferguson  suggests  that 
this  is  a  diminutive  of  Uffa,  an  A-Sax. 
l^ersonal  name. 

UFFORD.  "  Of  this  family,"  says  Sir 
W.  Dugdale,  "  which  afterwards  arrived  to 
great  honoui',  I  have  not  seen  anything 
memorable  until  53.  Henry  III.,  when 
Robert,  a  younger  son  of  John  de  Peyton, 
of  Peyton  in  the  county  of  Sulfolk,  assum- 
ing his  surname  from  the  lordship  of  Uflbrd, 
in  that  shire,  became  Robert  de  Ufford." 
His  son  of  the  same  name  was  summoned 
to  Parliament  as  a  baron  in  1308,  and  his 
grandson,  also  a  Robert  de  Ufford,  was 
created  Earl  of  Suffolk. 

UGHTRED.     An  ancient  personal  name. 


Robert  Ughtred  of  Yorkshire  flourished 
28.  Edward  I.,  and  was  father  of  Thomas 
Ughtred,  summoned  to  Parliament  as  a 
baron  in  13t3. 

UGLY.     Ugley,  a  parish  in  Essex,  con- 
cerning wliich  there  runs  a  jiroverb : — 
"  Ugley  church,  Ugley  steeple. 
Ugley  parson,  Ugley  people." 

ULLATHORNE.  Doubtless  local,  and, 
as  I  think,  in  Scotland,  where  places  called 
Ulladale,  Ullahouse,  Ullapool,  &c.,  are 
found. 

ULiMER.  An  ancient  personal  name, 
occurring  in  Domesday  in  the  variousforms 
of  Ulmarus,  Ulmerus,  and  Ulmar. 

ULPH.  The  Scandinavian  form  of 
Wolf. 

Ui^.lFRAVILLE.  The  founder  of  this 
noble  family  in  England  was  Robert  de 
Umfraville,  otherwise  called  "  Robert  with 
the  Beard,"  lord  of  Tour  and  Vian.     He  is 


UNI  361 


named  in  Leland's  so-called  Roll  of  Battel 
Abbey. 

"  Marney  et  MaunclCT'illc, 
Vipont  et  Umfre^'ille." 

To  him  the  Conqueror,  in  the  10th  year 
of  his  reign,  gave  the  forest,  valley,  and 
lordship  of  Redesdale  in  Northumberland, 
to  hold  by  the  service  of  defending  that 
part  of  the  realm  for  ever  against  enemies 
and  wolves,  with  the  Sword  nhicli  King 
Williavi  had  hy  his  side  ivhen  he  entered 
Noj-thvmberlnful.  His  descendant,  Gilbert 
de  U.,  was  ennobled  by  Edward  I.  "  This 
family  declined  from  its  high  estate  at  no 
very  distant  period  from  its  source,  but  it 
only  became  extinct  in  the  male  line  within 
living  memor}'.  Its  last  representative  but 
one  kept  a  chandler's  shop  at  Newcastle, 
and,  falling  into  difficulties,  accepted  the 
office  of  keeper  of  St.  Nicholas'  Workhouse, 
in  the  same  city,  where  he  died,  leaving  a 
widow,  with  a  son  and  daughter,  in  abso- 
lute destitution.  The  late  Duke  of  Northum- 
berland allowed  the  widow  a  pension,  and 
procured  a  midshipman's  appointment  for 
the  sou,  who  obtained  the  rank  of  cai^tain, 
but  died  without  issue."  Quarterly  Review, 
April,  1860. 

The  name  seems  to  be  derived  from  one 
of  the  several  places  in  Normandy  now 
called  Amfreville,  but  in  some  instances 
originally  Onfreville,  that  is,  Eunfredi 
villa,  the  vill  or  abode  of  Humphrey. 

Ui\INEY.     A  corruption  of  Ommaney. 

UMPELBY.  UMPLEBY.  See 

Uppleby. 

UMPHRASTOUN.  Stated  in  Encycl. 
Herald.  To  be  "  of  that  Ilk,"  in  Scotland. 
That  Ilk  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  Gazetteer. 

UNCLE.  Analogous  to  Father,  Brother, 
Cousin,  &c.     Johannes  le  Uncle.     H.R. 

UNDERCLIFF.  From  residence  under 
a  cliff;  or  from  the  village  of  that  name  in 
the  Isle  of  Wight.  In  the  H.R.  it  is  spelt 
Hunderclyvt. 

UNDERDOWN,  Nearly  synonymous 
with  Underhill. 

UNDERHAY.  Local  :  "  under  the 
hedge?"     See  Hay. 

UNDERHILL.  Local;  from  residence 
at  the  foot  of,  or  binder,  a  hill. 

UNDERWOOD.  A  township  in  Derby- 
shire.    In  H.R.  it  is  latinized  Sub-Bosco. 

UNDRELL.     See  Underhill. 

UNETT.  The  family  have  a  tradition 
of  a  Norman-Conquest  origin.  At  an  early 
period  they  branched  into  two  lines,  one  of 
which  settled  in  Staffordshire,  and  the 
other  in  Herefordshire.     B.L.G. 

UNIACKE.  The  family  are  traditionally 
descended  from  the  Fitz -Geralds,  springing 
from  the  Desmond  branch  of  that  mighty 
house.  The  following  is  said  to  be  the 
origin  of  the  name  : — "  In  the  skirmishes 
which  were  constantly  taking  place  between 
the  rival  houses  of  Fitz-Gerald  and  Butler, 
a  service  attended  with  great  danger  being 
2  z 


UPW 

necessary  to  be  done,  and  the  commander, 
hesitating  whom  to  employ,  an  individual 
was  pointed  out,  and  recommended  to  him, 
with  the  remark :  Unicvs  est,  meaning, 
"  He  is  the  only  person  to  undertake  this 
service."  These  two  words  became  not 
only  the  family  motto,  but  also  the  sur- 
name of  the  descendants  of  that  unique 
individual  I  B.L.G.  The  family  have 
long  been  connected  with  the  counties  of 
Cork  and  Waterford. 

UNITE.     Probably  the  same  as  Unett. 

UNKETEL.  UNKITTLE.  Ancient 
forms  of  Anchitel. 

UNTHANK.  There  is  a  township  of 
this  name  in  the  county  of  Cumberland, 
and  another  in  Northumberland. 

UNWYN.  Apparently  an  old  personal 
name,  the  same  as  Onwen,  a  manumitted 
serf,  mentioned  in  Cod.  Dipl.  971.  Mr. 
Ferguson  thinks  the  meaning  of  it  to  be, 
either  A-Sax.  iimvine,  enemy,  the  reverse  of 
n-ine,  friend;  or  vnminn,  unconquerable. 
H.R.  Unwine.     Unwyne. 

UPCHER.  Probably  Upclmrch,  a  parish 
in  Kent. 

UPCOT.  Local  :  "  the  high  or  upper 
cottage."     H.R.  Uppecote. 

UPHAM.     A  parish  in  Hampshire. 

UPHILL.     A  parish  in  Somersetshire. 

UPJOHN.  A  corruption  of  the  Welsh 
Ap-John. 

UPPERTON.  A  place  near  Petworth, 
another  at  Eastbourne — both  in  Sussex. 

UPPLEBY.  A  Lincolnshire  family. 
The  surname  has  been  variously  written 
De  Epulbie,  Upplebaie,  and  Appleby, 
which  last  is  supposed  to  be  the  most  cor- 
rect form.  One  of  the  places  called  Appleby 
is  situated  in  Lincolnshire. 

UPRICIIARD.  The  Irish  corruption  of 
Ap  Richard. 

UPSALL.  Two  townships  in  Yorkshire 
are  so  called. 

UPSHIRE.  A  hamlet  in  Essex.  The 
surname  is  commonly  spelt  Upsher. 

UPTHOMAS.     A     corruption    of  Ap- 

Thomas. 

UPTON.  There  are  many  places  in  A-a- 
rious  counties  called  Upton ;  and  there  are 
doubtless  several  distinct  origins  for  the 
surname.  The  most  distinguished  family, 
the  ancestors  of  the  Viscounts  Temiiletowu, 
originated  at  Uppetou,  or  Upton,  an  exten- 
sive manor  branching  into  several  parishes 
of  East  Cornwall,  where  John  de  Upton, 
grandfather  of  Hamelyu  de  Upton,  who 
was  party  to  a  deed  executed  in  1218,  flou- 
rished in  the  XII.  century.  See  C.  S.  Gil- 
bert's Cornwall,  i.  4G2. 

UPWARD.  Local :  "  the  upper  ward,  or 
district." 

UPWARDS.  A  pluralization  of  Up- 
ward. 


UER 


362 


UTT 


URBY.     The  same  as  Irby. 

URE.  1.  A  Yorkshire  river.  2.  Eur 
occurs  as  a  personal  name  in  Domesdaj^ ; 
and  an  early  Scandinavian  gave  his  name 
to  Ureby,  or  Ewerby,  in  Lincolnshire.  3. 
The  baronial  family  of  Eure  took  their 
name,  in  the  XIII.  century,  from  the  lord- 
ship of  Eure  or  Evre,  in  Buckingham- 
shire. 

A  gentleman  of  this  name  having  deserted  a  lady 
to  whom  he  had  been  affianced,  Douglas  Jerrold  re- 
marked, that  he  could  not  have  thought  that  Ure 
would  have  proved  a  base  tin. 

UREN.     The  same  as  Urwyn. 

URIDGE.  An  East  Sussex  name.  It 
is  found  in  that  district  temp.  Edward  II., 
in  the  form  of  De  Eweregge.  Sussex  Ai-ch. 
Coll.  xii.  25. 

URLING.  Mr.  Ferguson  considers  this 
identical  with  the  Danish  Erling,  signify- 
ing industrious. 

URQUHART.  There  are  places  called 
Urquhart  in  the  shires  of  Moray,  Inver- 
ness, and  Ross.  Tlie  family  are  traced  to 
Galleroch  de  Urchart,  w'ho  lived  temp. 
Alexander  II.  His  descendants  were  Iiere- 
ditary  sheriffs  of  Cromarty. 

Sir  Thomas  Urquhart,  who  flourished  in 
the  middle  of  the  XVII.  century,  drew  uj) 
his  pedigree,  which  is  one  of  the  finest 
pieces  of  fictitious  genealogy  in  existence, 
commencing  with  Adam,  from  whom  he 
makes  himself  the  hundred  andforfy-ildrd 
in  descent.  The  local  origin  of  tiae  sur- 
name he  ignores,  and  deri\'es  it  from  Ourq- 
hartos,  "  i.  o.,  the  fortunate  and  well-be- 
loved," who  was  fifth  in  descent  from 
Noah,  and  married  the  Queen  of  the  Ama- 
zons !  Another  of  his  ancestors  was  the 
intimate  friend  of  Nimrod,  the  mighty 
hunter;  another  married  that  daughter  of 
Pharaoh  who  found  Moses  in  the  bulrushes; 
while  another  espoused  a  daughter  of  Bac- 
chus !     Dixon  on  Surnames,  edit.  1855. 

URRTE.     See  Urry. 

URRY.  I.  There  is  a  parish  called  Urray 
on  the  borders  of  Inverness  and  Eoss- 
shires.  2.  Mr.  Ferguson  derives  it  from 
the  0.  Norse  urri,  a  dog  ;  and  asks,  "  Has 
this  anything  to  do  with  our  word  worry  ? 


Urri,  a  dog,  would  be  in  A-Sax.  wurri." 
This  etymology  appears  to  me  preferable  to 
Dr.  Eichardson's. 

URSOK  A  translation  of  the  A.-Norm, 
Fitz-Urse,  rendered  historical  as  the  name 
borne  by  one  of  the  assassins  of  Thomas- 
a-Becket.  Urso  and  Urso  Vicecomes  are 
Domesday  names. 

URSWICK.  A  parish  in  Lancashire,  In 
Avhich  county  the  family  were  resident  at 
an  early  date. 

URAVICK.  Probably  the  same  as  Urs- 
wick. 

URWYN.  Apparently  an  ancient  per- 
sonal name. 

URYN.     The  same  as  Urwyn. 

t^f  US.  A  termination  of  several  sur- 
names, being  a  contraction  of  house ; 
for  example — 

Loftus      is  Lofthouse 

Duffus      ,,  Dovehouse 

Bacchus  ,,  Bakehouse 

Stonnus   ,,  Stonehouse,  &c. 

USBORNE.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Ousebourne. 

USHER.  Fr.  huissier.  An  official  at- 
tendant on  great  persons,  and  in  dignified 
courts  of  law,  &c. 

USSHER.  This  family,  of  which  the  ce- 
lebrated Archbishop  of  Armagh  was  a 
member,  settled  in  Ireland  temp.  King 
.Jolm;  and  the  patriarch  of  the  race  is  said 
to  have  adopted  the  surname  in  consequence 
of  his  having  held  the  office  of  iisher  to 
tliat  monarch.     B.L.G. 

UTLAW.     An  old  spelling  of  Outlaw. 

UTTERMARE.  Fr.  D'oidre  mer,  '  from 
beyond  the  sea,'  a  foreigner — foreign,  that 
is,  in  regard  to  France,  from  which  country 
the  name  seems  to  have  been  imported.  It 
appears  to  be  almost  entirely  limited  to  the 
county  of  Somerset. 

UTTING.  A  baptismal  name.  Utting 
de  Cresswell  was  witness  to  a  deed  temp. 
King  John.  Gent.  Mag.  Oct.  1832.  Ut- 
tyng  appears  as  a  surname  in  H.R. 


VAN 


363 


VAS 


V. 


VaCHER.  Old  Eng.  vnchenj,  from  Fr. 
vachci'le,  is  a  cow-house,  or,  in  a  more  ex- 
tended sense,  a  dairy.  There  are  several 
minor  places  and  farms  in  various  parts  of 
England  called,  in  old  deeds.  La  Vacherie. 
This  surname  is  probably  either  a  contrac- 
tion of  vachery,  or  an  obsolete  word  mean- 
ing a  person  who  superintended  one — a  cow- 
keeper. 

VACY.     The  same  as  Vesey. 

VADE.  Probably  from  the  old  latini- 
zatiou  of  Ford — De  Vado. 

VAIR.     Probably  the  same  as  A'^ere. 

VAISEY.      VAIZEY.      The    same    as 

Vesey. 

VALANCE.  VALLANCE.  A  place 
on  the  contines  of  Poitou,  in  France,  gave 
name  to  William  de  Valence,  who  was  son 
of  Hugh  le  Bruu,  Earl  of  March,  and  Isabel, 
widow  of  King  John.  He  came  into  Eng- 
land in  1247,  b)'  the  invitation  of  his  uterine 
brother,  King  Henry  III.,  and  was  father  of 
the  renowned  Aylmer  de  Valence,  temp. 
Edward  I. 

VALE.  A  valley,  a  low  ground.  John- 
son designates  this  a  poetical  word. 

VALENTINE.  The  baptismal  name. 
This  surname  is  sometimes  corrupted  in 
the  South  to  Follington.     H.R.  Valentyn. 

VALET.  VALLET.  An  attendant 
upon  a  great  man.  In  ro3'al  households 
there  were  valetti  ad  coronam,  "  Valets  of 
the  Crown."  See  Jacob's  Law  Diet. 

VALLENTINE.     See  Valentine. 

VALLER.  Pierre  Valler,  a  Protestant 
refugee  from  Rouen,  landed  at  Rye  in  1572. 
Lansd.  MS.  15.     70. 

VALLETORT.  In  the  time  of  William 
Rufus  flourished  Reginald  deValletort;  and 
in  33.  Heury  II.  Roger  de  Valletort  was  lord 
of  Trematon  Castle,  co.  Cornwall,  from 
whom  sprang  the  barons  of  this  name. 
Baronage.  The  name  is  local,  and  signifies 
"  the  curved  valley."  In  charters  it  is 
usually  latinized  De  Valle  Torta. 

VALLINGS.  The  oldest  traceable  spell- 
ing of  this  name  is  Valeyns,  which  is  pro- 
bably identical  with  Valance. 

VALPY.  From  the  Italian  family  of 
Volpi,  so  long,  and  even  at  the  present  day, 
located  at  Como,  whence  thcNorman  branch 
came  with  the  returning  chieftains  in  the 
early  Italian  wars.  The  surname  is  synony- 
mous with  our  Fox — volpc,  ridjjes.  Inf. 
J.  Bertrand  Payne,  Esq. 

VAN.    A  prefix  to  Dutch  family  names, 
many  of  which  have  become  naturalized 


in  England,  as  Vanburgh,  Vandeput, 
Vansittart,  Vanneck,  Vanwilder,  &c. 
Like  the  French  DE,  and  the  old  Eng- 
lish ATTE,  it  implies  residence  in  a 
place  ;  thus  Hendrik  Van  der  Veld  sig- 
nifies Henry  at  the  Field ;  Dirk  Van 
der  Bogart,  Theodore  of  the  Orchard  ; 
Rykert  Van  Buren,  Richard  of  Buren, 
a  town  in  Holland,  &c.  So  very  common 
is  this  prefix  in  Holland,  that,  in  speak- 
ing of  a  person's  family  name,  they  call 
it  his  Van  ;  as  in  the  phrase :  "Ik  weet 
zjn  Van  niet." — I  don't  know  his  Sur- 
name. 

VANACKER.  The  extinct  baronet's 
family,  of  Dutch  extraction,  were  London 
merchants,  in  the  former  half  of  the  XVII. 
century. 

VANDEPUT.  Henry  Vandeput,  a 
member  of  an  ancient  family  in  the  Nether- 
lands, fled  from  Antwerp  in  15GS,  to  avoid 
the  persecution  of  the  Protestants  by  the 
Duke  of  Alva,  and  settled  in  England, 
From  him  descended  the  baronets.  The 
name  is  synonymous  with  the  English  At- 
Well,  Wells,  or  Weller. 

VANE.  Collins  shews  that  the  two  peer- 
age families  of  Vane  and  Fane  are  of  the 
same  origin.  See  Fane.  The  arms  consist 
of  the  same  tinctures  and  charges,  viz.  : — 
Azitre,  three  gauntlets,  <?/•,  but  the  gauntlets 
of  the  Vanes  are  for  the  left  hand,  while 
those  of  the  Fanes  are  dexter  or  right  hand 
cues. 

VANNECK.  An  ancient  Dutch  family. 
The  founder  of  the  English  branch  M'as 
Sir  Joshua  Vanneck,  of  Hevenham  Hall, 
CO.  Suffolk,  who  was  created  a  Baronet  in 
1751,  and  whose  son  was  elevated  to  the 
peerage  as  Lord  Huntingfield,  in  1796. 

VANSITTART.  Lord  Bexley  is  des- 
cended fi'om  an  ancient  German  familj',  who 
traditionally  derived  their  name  from  Sit- 
tart,  a  town  in  the  Duchy  of  Juliers.  The 
first  settler  in  England  was  Peter  Vansit- 
tart, who  came  from  Dantzick  about  1675, 
and  became  an  eminent  Russia  merchant. 

VARDON.    VARDEN.     See  Verdon. 

VARLEY.     Verley,  a  parish  in  Essex. 

VARNEY.     The  same  as  Veruey. 

VARNH  AIM.    Vernham-Dean  is  a  parish 

in  Hampshire. 

VASEY.     The  same  as  Vesey. 

VASSALL.  In  the  feudal  system,  a 
Vassal  was  one  who  held  under  another; 
more  generally,  one  who  was  subject  to  an 
under-tenant  or  mesne  lord.  Hence  the 
word  became,  in  time,  almost  synonymous 
Avith  slave. 


YAU 


364 


VEN 


VAUGHAN.  Welsh  vychan,  little  in 
stature ;  answering  to  Petit,  Basset,  Little, 
&c.  A  personal  name  of  great  antiquity. 
In  the  more  eminent  families,  the  Ap  was 
disused  in  the  XVI.  and  XVII.  centuries. 
The  Vaughans  of  Burlton  Hall,  co.  Salop, 
deduce  themselves  from  the  renowned 
Tudor  Trevor,  tlie  common  patriarch  of  so 
many  noble  and  gentle  families  in  the  priu- 
cipalit}'.  Tlie  Vaughans  of  Penmaen  spring 
from  Seissyllt,  lord  of  Blathavaru,  in  the 
XIV.  century,  through  Jcukin  Vychan, 
Esquire  of  the  body  to  King  Henry  VII., 
Avhose  son  Jolm,  adopted  the  settled  name 
of  Vychan  or  Vaughan.  The  Vaughans  of 
Court  Field,  co.  Monmouth,  were  of  good 
antiquity  before  the  adoption  of  the  settled 
surname,  in  the  XVI.  cent.    B.L.G. 

VAUTORT.     The  same  as  Valletort. 

VAUX.     1.  It  is  said  that  the  illustrious 
family  of  Vaux  deri\  ed  their  surname  from 
a  district  in  Normandy ;  which  is  very  pro- 
bable, there  being  seven  or  eight  places  in 
that  province  still  so  designated.     It  is  fur- 
ther asserted  that  so  early  as  A.D.  794,  a 
branch  of  the  family,  liearing  the  surname 
of  Beaux,  Baux,  or  Vaux,  were  settled  in 
Provence;  which  cannot  be  correct,  as  heri- 
table  family   names   were  not  introduced 
until  long  after  that  date.     There  is,  how- 
ever,   no   doubt   of    the   influence   of    the 
Vauxes  in  the   South   of  France,    and  in 
Italy,  at  a  remote  period.     A  tomb  erected 
in    1G15,    in   the   church    of   St.    Clair  at 
Naples,  lay  Hieronymus  de  Vaux,  contains 
the  bones  of  divers  of  the  females  of  his 
ancestry,  namely  : — 
Antonia  de  Vaux,  Queen  of  Sicily. 
Isabella  de  Vaux,  Queen  of  Naples. 
Cecilia  de  Vaux,  Countess  of  Savoy. 
Sibella  de  Vaux,  Princess  of  Piedmont. 
Maria  de  Vaux,  Daupliiness  of  Vieune. 
Isabella  de  Vaux,  Despotess  of  Servia. 
The   English  family  spring  from  Bertrand 
de  Vaux,  who  was  living  in  929,  and  was 
a  favourite  of  Robert  I.,  Duke  of  Normandy, 
the   Conqueror's   grandfather.     Harold  de 
Vaux,  Lord  of  Vaux,  attended  William  I. 
at  the  Conquest,  and  was  accompanied  by 
his    three   sons,    Hubert,    Pianulph,    and 
Robert.     From   Hubert   sprang   the  great 
house  of  Vaux,  or  De  Vallibus,  of  Cumber- 
land; and  from   Robert  came  tlie  Bai'ons 
Vaux,  of   Harrowden,   co.    Northampton. 
The  heiress  of  the  elder  line  of  this  Robert 
married,  in  1553,  Thomas  Brougham,  Lord 
of  Brougham,  co.  Westmoreland,  and  hence 
the   title   of  Heiu-y,    Lord  Brougham  and 
Vmix. 

2.  The  0.  French  form  of  De  Vallibus,  of 
the  origin  of  which,  as  a  surname,  we  have 
this  account  in  Denton's  Cumberland  MSS., 
under  the  barony  of  Gilslaud  :  "  This  great 
barony  was  given  by  the  Earl  Ranulph 
Meschines  to  one  Hubcrtus,  to  be  liolden 
of  him  by  two  knights'  fees  and  cornage: 
he  was  called  De  Vallibus,  or  Vaulx,  from 
the  dales  or  Vallies,  whereof  that  country 
is  full.  The  French  word  Vaulx  (pro- 
nounced Vaux)  became  thence  a  surname 
to  him  and  his  posterity  there,  and  to 
divers  other  families  that  took  their  be- 


ginning from  the  younger  brothers  of  this 
house."     Hutchinson's  Cumberland,  i.  47. 

VAVASOUR.  A  dignity  of  somewhat 
doubtful  origin  and  import.  Sir  John 
Feme  i-egards  it  as  the  equivalent  of  Ban- 
neret. "  These  Vavasours,"  says  he,  "  were 
called  by  an  ancient  English  lawyer  (Brac- 
ton),  Viri  magna;  dignitatis  :  men  of  great 
dignitye.  And  this  worde  Vavasor  he  in- 
terpreteth  to  be  this  :  Vas  sortitum  ad  va- 
letudinem,  a  man  chosen  for  his  valour 
and  prowesse,  placinge  them  above  the 
dignitye  of  knighthood."  Blazon  of  Gen- 
trie,  p.  102.  Vavasores  Regis,  who  occur 
in  Domesday  Book,  "  are  much  the  same 
with  Liberi  homines  Regis."  Selden's  Titles 
of  Honour,  p.  625.  Chaucei',  in  his  descrip- 
tion of  the  Fraukelein,  or  great  freeholder, 
says,  there — 

"Was  no  -wher  sw-ichea  worthy  Vavasour." 

See  more  in  Halliwell,  and  in  Eng.  Surn. 
in  voc. 

The  Vavasours  of  Yorkshire  have  held 
their  estate  uinnterruptedly  from  Mauger, 
the  founder  of  their  race,  who  was  one  of 
the  Conqueror's  vavasores,  except  a  shoi-t 
time  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.,  when  it  is 
said  to  have  been  pledged  to  a  Jew  for 
£350.  "  It  is  observed  of  this  family," 
says  Fuller,  "that  the}'  never  married  an 
heii",  or  buried  their  wives."  Worthies  of 
Eng.  iii.  451.  The  male  line  has  failed 
since  Fuller's  days,  and  more  than  once 
the  estate  has  been  carried  to  other  families 
by  a  sole-heiress,  whose  husband  has,  how- 
ever, adopted  the  ancient  surname. 

VAVASSEUR.     See  Vavasour. 

VAWDREY.  The  name  of  Vaudrai,  or 
Vaudrey,  is  derived  from  a  place  so  called 
in  France,  where  the  Sieurs  de  Vaudrai 
continued  to  flourish  until  the  reign  of 
Louis  XIV.  Between  the  years  1153  and 
1181,  Hugh  Kevelioc,  Earl  of  Chester, 
granted  to  Sir  Claud  de  Vaudrai  lands  in 
Altrincham,  and  elsewhere  in  that  county; 
and  from  him  the  existing  Vawdrcys  of 
Cheshire  ai-e  presumed  to  have  sprung. 
B.L.G. 

VEAL.  VEALE.  L  In  old  records  Le 
Veal.  0.  Fr.,  "the  calf."  2.  In  some 
cases  probably  from  0.  Fr.  Le  Viel,  "  the 
old,"  to  distinguish  the  individual  from  a 
younger  man  of  the  same  baptismal  name, 
PI.R.  The  form  Viel  is  still  found  in  Lond. 
Direct. 

VEAR.     See  De  Vere. 

VECK.  Probably  tlie  same  as  the  Le 
Vecke  of  the  H.R.  Fr.  L'Eveque,  "the 
bishop." 

VENABLES.  Tlie  progenitor  of  the 
great  Cheshire  family  was  a  tenant  under 
Hugh  Lupus,  temp.  William  I.,  whom  he 
had  probably  accompanied  to  the  Conquest 
of  England.  Tlie  name  is  local,  from 
Venables,  a  parish  in  the  arrondissementof 
Louviers,  in  Normandy. 

VENELL.  Low  Lot.  vcnella,  a  passage 
or  lane.   It  is  still  used  in  Scotland  iu  that 


VER 


365 


VER 


sense.     H.R.     Eu  la  Venele,  De  la  Venele, 

In  Venella,  &c. 
VENESS.      1.  See  Venus.      2.  Venice, 

the  Italian  city  ? 
VENN.       Ven-Ottery    is    a    parish     In 

Devonshire. 

VENNELL.     See  Venell. 

VENNER.     The  same  as  Venour. 

VENOUR.  O.  Fr.  A  hunter.  Le 
Venour.     Le  Venur.     H.R. 

VENTRIS.  Venturas  is  a  not  uncommon 
surname  in  Italy;  and  it  may  he  found 
among  the  doctors  of  the  canon  law  in 
England,  in  the  middle  ages,  A  place  in 
the  arrondissemcnt  of  Montague,  in  Nor- 
mandy, is  called  La  Ventrouse. 

VENUS.  De  Venuse  occurs  as  a  sur- 
name, 31.  Edw.  I. — Steph.  de  Venuse  miles. 
This  name,  by  the  suppression  of  the  ter- 
ritorial de,  and  the  final  e,  would  become 
identical  with  the  designation  of  the  god- 
dess of  beauty.  The  locality  of  Venuse  is 
unknown. 

VERDON.  Bertram  de  Verdun,  the 
progenitor  of  this  distinguished  race,  came 
in  with  the  Conqueror,  and  was  lord  of 
Farneham-Royal,  co.  Bucks,  which  he  held 
in  chief  in  1087,  by  the  serjeanty  of  pro- 
viding a  glove  for  the  King's  right  hand, 
on  the  day  of  his  coronation,  and  of  sup- 
porting his  right  hand  while  he  held  the 
royal  sceptre.  ■\''erdun  is  a  town  in  the 
N.E.  of  France,  department  of  Meuse; 
and  it  has  been  suggested  that  the  family 
were  derived  from  the  Counts  or  Viscounts 
of  Verdun.  Vide  L'Art  de  Verifier  les 
Dates,  xiii.  "141:,  Sussex  Arch.  Coll.  x.  68. 
The  Irish  Verdous  are  descended  from 
Bertram  Verdon,  who  accompanied  Prince 
(afterwards  King)  John,  to  that  country,  in 
1184,  and  was  appointed  Seneschal  of  the 
English  Pale.     DAlton. 

VERE,  DE.  The  old  pedigree  of  the 
De  Veres  began  with  a  distinguished 
Roman,  Lucius  Verus !  !  (See  Quarterly 
Review,  April,  1860.) 

The  parish  and  chateau  of  Ver,  in  the 
canton  of  Gu\Tay ,  department  of  La  Manche 
in  Normandy,  are  stated  by  de  Gerville 
(Mem.  Soc.  Ant.  Normandie,  1825)  to  have 
been  the  habitation  of  Aubrey  de  Vere,  who 
was  at  the  Conquest,  and  of  Robert  de  Vere, 
who,  in  1135,  conveyed  the  body  of  King 
Henry  I.  to  England.  But  in  Clutterbuek's 
Hertfordshire  there  is  an  elaborate  pedi- 
gree of  the  De  Veres,  M'hich  makes  the 
first  Alberic  or  xVubrey  de  Vere,  son  of 
Alphonsus  surnamed  de  Veer,  from  a  town 
BO  called,  in  the  island  of  Walcheren  in 
Holland. 

In  some  instances,  especially  in  Scotland, 
this  ancient  surname  has  been  corrupted  to 
Were  and  Weir. 

A  most  eloquent  lamentation  over  the 
decay  of  ancient  families  was  pronounced 
on  the  judgment  seat.  In  the  year  1626, 
the  death  of  Henry  de  Vere,  Earl  of  Oxford, 
gave  rise  to  a  contest  between  Robert  de 
Vere,  claiming  as  heir  male  of  the  body  of 


Aubrey  de  Vere,   and  Lord  Willoughby  of 
Eresby,  claiming  as  heir-general  of  the  last 
Earl.     Chief  Justice  Crewe  spoke  thus  : — 
"  This  great  and  weighty  cause,  incom- 
parable to  any  other  that  hath  happened  at 
any  time,   requires  great  deliberation,  and 
solid  and  mature  judgment  to  determine 
it ;  and  I  wish  that  all  the  Judges  of  Eng- 
land had  heard  it  (being  a  fit  case  for  all) 
to  the  end  we  altogether  might  liave  given 
our  humble  advice  to  your  Lordships  herein. 
Here   is    represented   to    your   Lordships 
certamen  lioiioris,  and,  as  I  may  well  sa}', 
illnstiis  honoris,  illustrious  honour.  I  heard 
a  great  peer  of  this  realm,  and  a  learned, 
say,  when  he  lived,  there  was  no  king  in 
Christendom  had  such  a  subject  as  Oxford, 
lie   came   in   with  the  Conqueror,  Earl  of 
Gwynes  ;  shortly  after  the  Conquest  made 
Great  Chamberlain  of  England,  above  five 
hundred  years  ago,    by  Henry  I.,  the  Con- 
queror's  son,  brother  toRufus;  by  Maud, 
the  Empress,  Earl  of   Oxford ;  confirmed 
and    approved    by    Henry    II.,     Alberico 
comiti,  so  Earl  before.     This  great  honour, 
this  high  and  noble  dignitj',  hath  continued 
ever   since  in   the   remarkable  surname  of 
De  Vere,  by  so   many  ages,  descents,  and 
generations,  as  no  other  kingdom  can  pro- 
duce such  a  peer  in  one  and  tlie  self-same 
name  and  title.     I  find  in  all  this  length  of 
time    but    two    attainders    of  this    noble 
family,  and  those  in  stormy  and  tempestuous 
times,  when  the  government  was  unsettled 
and  the  kingdom  in  competition.     I  have 
laboured  to  make  a  covenant  with  myself 
that  aflection  may  not  press  upon  judgment, 
for  I  suppose  there  is  no  man  that  hath  any 
apprehension  of  gentry  or  nobleness,  but 
his  aflection  stands  to  the  continuance  of 
so  noble  a  name  and  house,  and  would  take 
hold  of  a  twig  or  a  twine-thread  to  uphold 
it.     And  yet   Time  hath  his  revolutions; 
there  must  be  a  period  and  an  end  to  all 
temporal   things— ^«zs  rerum,   an   end  of 
names   and  dignities,   and  whatsoever  is 
terrene;  and  why  not  of  De  Vere  1      For 
n-here   is   Bohvn  ?      Where   is   Monh'ay  ? 
Where  is  Mortimer?    Maj,  n-Jiich  is  more 
and  -most  of   all,  n-here    is    Plantagenet? 
Tliey  are  entombed  in  the  urns  and  sepul- 
chres of  mortality.     And  yet  let  the  name 
and  dignity  of  De  A''ere  stand  so  long  as  it 
pleaseth  God  r— Jones's  JRcp.,  101. 

The  decision  was  in  favonr  of  the  male 
heir.  On  the  death  of  his  son,  in  1702, 
without  issue,  the  line  became  extinct. — • 
Quarterly  Review,  April  1860. 

VERGIL.     The  classical  personal  name 

— Virgilius. 

VERITY.     Probably  a  character  in  some 

old  "  Morality."     See  Vice. 

VERNEY.  From  Vernai,  a  parish  in 
the  arrondissemcnt  of  Bayeux,  latinized  in 
charters,  temp.  Hen.  I.,  as  Vernacum. 

VERNON.  William  de  A^ernon  was 
lord  and  owner  of  the  town  and  district  of 
Vernon  sur  Seine,  in  the  arrondissemcnt  of 
Louviers  in  1052.  Hiseldest  son,  Richard, 
accompanied  William  the  Conqueror  to 
England  in  1066,  and  was  one  of  the  seven 


VIC 


36G 


VIL 


barons  created  by  the  Iciuglet,  Hugh  Lupus, 
the  Conqueror's  nephew,  in  his  county- 
palatine  of  Chester.  A  Walter  de  Vernon 
was  also  a  tenant  in  chief  in  co.  Bucks,  at 
the  time  of  the  Domesday  survey. 

VERRALL.  Tliis  name,  abundant  in 
East  Sussex,  and  rarely  found  out  of  it, 
may  be  a  corruption  of  Firle,  a  parish  near 
Lewes  —  sometimes  in  old  documents 
written  Ferle,  and  usually  pronounced  as 
a  dissyllable. 

VERREY.     See  Vcrry. 

YERRY.  Said  to  be  a  'nursenarae'  of 
Everard. 

VERTUE.     An  old  spelling  of  Virtue. 

YESEY.  Robert  de  Veci  assisted  William 
I.  at  the  Conquest  of  England,  and  was 
rewarded  with  great  estates  in  the  counties 
of  Northampton,  Leicester,  "Warwick,  and 
Lincoln.  Ivo  or  John  de  Veschi  was  his 
near  kinsman,  and  from  him,  in  the  female 
line,  descended  Lord  Vesey.  Kelham's 
Domesday.  A  branch  of  the  family,  in  the 
Irish  peerage,  bear  the  title  of  Viscount  de 
Vesci. 

VESK.     A  contraction  of  the  Old  Fr. 

evesque,  a  bishop. 

VESPER.     See  Times  and  Seasons. 

VESSEY.     See  Vesey. 

VETCPI.     See  Tares. 

VEZEY.     See  Vesey. 

VIBERT.  A  Teutonic  personal  name — 
Uibert.  Cod.  Dipl.  No.  523. 

VICAR.   See  Ecclesiastical  Surnames. 

VICARS.  Descended  from  the  family  of 
Don  A'icaro,  a  Spanish  cavalier,  who  came 
to  England  in  the  suite  of  Queen  Catharine 
of  Arragou,  and  settled  in  Ireland  early  in 
the  XVI.  century.  Mem.  of  Capt.  Hedley 
Vicars,  18o7. 

VICAR Y.  VICKERY.  Lat.  vicarius, 
a  vicar,  or  rather  a  curate. 

"Quod  a  lewed  vicorii, 
1  am  a  ciu'ator  of  holy  kirke." 

J^iers  Ploughman,  ii.  p.  420. 
"  Sire  preest,  quod  he,  art  thou  a  Vicary  ? 
Or  art  thou  a  Person  ?  say  soth  by  tliy  fay," 
(Chaucer.    Persones  Prologue.) 

— In  modern  parlance;  "Are  you  only  a  curate,  or 
are  you  a  rector?" 

The  name  is  sometimes  local.     De  Vi- 

carie.  H.E. 

VICE.  Halliwell  says-"  The  buffoon  of 
our  early  drama."  When  the  "  Mysteries" 
ceased  to  be  played  for  the  amusement  of 
our  medieval  ancestors,  a  kind  of  perfor- 
mances succeeded,  which  were  known  as 
Moralities.  In  these  the  dialogue  was  sus- 
tained by  allegorical  characters,  "  such  as 
Good  Doctrine,  Charity,  Faith,  Prudence, 
Discretion,  Death,  and  the  like,  and  their 
discourses  were  of  a  serious  cast."  The 
foil  to  all  these  excellent  personages  was 
the  Vice  or  Iniquity,  Avho  usually  personified 
some  evil  propensity,  and  kept  up  a  run- 
ning fire  of  wit  at  the  expense  of  the  rest. 


He  was  attired  in  comical  costume  and 
carried  a  wooden  sword.  Stubs,  in  his 
Anatomie  of  Abuses,  1505,  asks:  "  Who  will 
call  him  a  wise  man  who  playeth  the  part 
of  a  Foole  or  a  Vice  ?"  See  Strutt's  Sports 
and  Pastimes.  Ben  Johnson  thus  alludes 
to  this  character : 

" But  the  old  Vice 

Acts  old  Iniquity,  and  In  the  fit 

Of  mimicry,  gets  th'  opinion  of  a  \nt." 

Several  London  traders  bear  this  remark- 
able name. 

VICKARE.     See  Vicar. 

VICKERMAN.  ?  Homo  vicarius—a  man 
who  acts  for  another  ;  a  substitute. 

VICKERS.     See  Vicars. 

VICKERY.     See  Vicary. 

VICKRESS.     The  same  as  Vickridae. 

VICKRIDGE.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
vicarage — from  residence  at  or  near  one. 

VICTOR.     The  personal  name. 

VIDAL.  French  Protestant  refugees, 
after  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes, 
1G85.  The  parent  stock  were,  not  many 
years  since,  resident  at  Montauban.  The 
family  seem  to  have  ranged  from  the  South 
of  France  to  the  North  of  Spain,  and  there 
are  many  of  the  name  in  Spanish  America. 
The  arms  borne  by  the  late  Rt.  Rev.  O.  E. 
Vidal,  Bishop  of  Sierra  Leone,  and  his 
immediate  ancestors,  indicate  a  Spanish 
rather  than  a  French,  origin. 

VIDLER.  A  AVest  of  England  pronun- 
ciation of  Fiddler. 

VIEL.     See  Veal. 

VIGERS      See  Vigor. 

VIGNOLES.  At  the  Revocation  of  the 
Edict  of  Nantes,  Jacques  Louis  Vignolles 
(a  descendant  of  Francois  la  Hire,  Baron 
of  Vignoles,  and  seigneur  of  Causabon, 
1550),  took  refuge  in  Holland,  from  whence 
he  accompanied  King  William  III.  to  Eng- 
land, and  afterwards  settled  in  Ireland. 
The  name  is  probably  a  corruption,  either 
of  Fr.  vignoble,  a  vineyard,  or  0.  Fr.  vig- 
■noliit,  a  vine-dresser. 

VIGOR.  St.  Vigor  was  a  saint  of  con- 
siderable reputation  in  Normandy,  and 
gave  his  name  to  several  places  in  that 
province,  from  one  of  which  the  English 
family  are  conjectured  to  have  sprung. 

VIGORS.     The  genitive  form  of  Vigor. 

VILE.     Probably  a  corruption  of  the  Fr. 

La  Ville. 
VILLARS.     The  same  as  ViUiers. 

VILLEBOIS.  This  local  Fr.  surname, 
naturalized  in  Lincolnshire,  is  there  pro- 
nounced Veal-Boy  ! 

VILLERS.     See  Villiers. 

VILLIERS.  The  family  are  said  to  have 
come  into  England  with  the  Conqueror, 
which  is  probable.  There  are  at  present 
six  places  in  Normandy  so  called,  besides 
a  larger  number  called  Villers,  one  of  the 


VIP 


367 


VYY 


numerous  ■ways  in  which  the  surname  is 
spelled.  The  Earl  of  Jersey's  family  trace 
to  Alexander  de  Villiers,  lord  of  Brokesby, 
CO.  Lancaster,  early  in  the  XIII.  century. 
Sir  Richard  de  Villars  was  a  Crusader 
under  Edward  I.,  and  hence  the  cross  and 
escallop  shells  in  the  coat-armour  of  his 
descendants. 

VINALL.  Fynagh,  Fynhawe,  and  Vy- 
nagh,  are  ancient  modes  of  spelling  the 
name  of  the  estate  now  called  Vine-Hall, 
in  the  parish  of  Watliugton,  co.  Sussex, 
which  was  possessed  by  the  family  in  the 
XIV.  cent.  That  estate  gave  name  to 
the  Vynehalls,  afterwards  of  Kingston, 
near  Lewes,  who,  as  Vinalls,  in  1657,  ob- 
tained a  grant  of  arms.  Harl.  MS,  1144. 
Sussex  Arch.  Coll.  ix.  75. 

VINCE.     A  '  nurse  name '  of  Vincent. 

VINCENT.  The  well-known  personal 
name.  The  oldest  family  of  Vincent  trace 
fi-om  Miles  Vincent,  who  was  owner  of 
lands  at  Swinford,  co.  Leicester,  10.  Edward 
II.     Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

VINCER.  Perhaps  a  modification  of 
Vincent. 

VINCETT.  A  common  corruption  of 
Vincent. 

VINE,  O.  Eng.  a  vineyard — a  name 
common  to  many  places  in  the  South  of 
England.  In  Norman  times,  the  culture  of 
the  Aino  was  a  considerable  branch  of 
industry,  and  many  great  houses,  es- 
pecially monasteries,  had  their  vineyards. 
See  Archi-Bologia,  vols.  i.  and  iii.,  and  Ellis, 
lutrod.  Domesd.  i.  121. 

VINES.     See  Vine. 

VINEHALL.     See  Vinall. 

VINER,  One  who  had  the  care  of  a 
vineyard.  A  Walterus  Vinitor,  or  vine- 
dresser, occm's  in  Domesday,  under  co. 
Surrey.     Le  Vinour,  Le  Vynor.    n.R. 

VINK.     A  west-country  form  of  Fink. 

VINSON.  VINSUN.  Corruptions  of 
Vincent. 

VINTER.  Probably  a  contraction  of 
-vinitor,  a  vine-dresser,  or  of  vintner,  a 
dealer  in  wine.  From  one  of  these  sources 
it  is  probable  that  Winter  is  sometimes  by 
corruption  derived.  Le  Vineter.  H.R.  See 
Viner. 

VIPON.     See  Vipont. 

VIPONT.  (Latinized  '  De  Veteri  Ponte,' 
— of  the  Old  Bridge.)  There  are  several 
places  in  Normandy  called  Vieupont ;  and 
the  great  Anglo-Norman  family  so  desig- 


nated came  from  Vipont,  near  Lisieux . 
Sussex  Arch.  Coll.  ii.  77. 

VIRGIN.  This  name,  with  Virgoe  (Lat. 
rirgo),  Verge  (Fr.  inerf/c),  Virgiut  (Irish 
corruption),  seems  to  relate  to  the  cnltus  of 
St.  Mary.  A  personage  named  Virgin  is,  or 
lately  was,  High-Admiral  of  Sweden. 

VIRGINT.     See  Virgin. 

VIRGOE.     See  Virgin. 

VIRTUE.  Perhaps  from  a  personifica- 
tion in  some  "  Morality  "  or  drama.  See 
Vice. 

VITTY.  Decent,  proper,  handsome. 
West.     Halliwell. 

VIVASH.  A  Devizes  correspondent 
writes  : — "  Vivash,  a  name  still  of  some 
distinction  in  this  neighboui'hood,  betrays 
the  westei'n  pronunciation  of  Five  Ashes." 
I  should  prefer  deducing  it  from  the  Fr. 
vivace,  which  Cotgrave  defines  as  "  livelie, 
lustie,  strong,  vigorous  ;  nimble,  active, 
quicke  ;  full  of  life,  mettall,  spirit;  also  of 
long  life." 

VIZARD.     Possibly  the  same  as  "Wishart. 

VODDEN.  ]\Ir.  Ferguson  derives  it 
from  Woden,  Odiu,   the  Teutonic  divinity. 

VOGAN.  A  tything  in  the  parish  of 
Chippenham,  co.  Wilts. 

VOSS.  Vos,  a  Dutch  and  Low  Germ, 
form  of  Fox. 

VOWELL.     Voel,    an    ancient  personal 

name  in  AVales. 

Tlie  following  is  related  of  the  eccentric  Dr. 
Barton,  Warden  of  Merton  College,  Oxon.  A  friend 
told  liini  that  Dr.  Vowel  was  dead.  "  f^otcel  dead  !" 
said  he;  "  let  us  be  thankful  'tis  neither  Cnor  //" 
From  an  Oxford  newspaper. 

VOWLER.  A  AVest  of  England  pro- 
nunciation of  Fowler. 

VOWLES.  Mr.  Ferguson  thinks  that 
this  name  corresponds  with  the  German 
and  Dutch  voffcl,  a  fowl. 

VULLIA3IY.  Perhaps  from  ViUamee, 
a  place  in  Brittany. 

VYSE.  VYZE.  The  rustic  pronuncia- 
tion of  Devizes,  co.  Wilts.  Devizes  occurs 
as  a  surname  about  1646. 

VYVIAN.  The  ancient  Latin  personal 
name.  The  A''yvians  of  Truro  are  derived 
by  certain  genealogists  from  one  Viviauus 
Annius,  a  Eoman  general,  son-in-law  to 
Domitius  Corbulo  !  Quarterly  Bev.  CII.  p. 
304.  The  pedigree  recognized  by  the 
lieralds  begins  only  in  the  XIII.  century, 
with  Sir  Vyel  Vyvyan,  knight. 


WAD 


368 


WAI 


w. 


^VaCE.  The  vernacular  form  of  the 
Latin  Eustacius.  It  is  best  known  as  the 
personal  name  of  the  celebrated  author  of 
the  Koman  de  Ron,  who  flourished  in  the 
XII.  century,  at  which  time  it  had  not 
become  a  surname.  Wright's  Biog.  Brit. 
Anglo-Norm,  period,  206. 

At  a  later  date  the  name  was  variously 
written  Vaice,  Wasse,  Wass,  kc.  It  existed 
in  Jersey  until  the  XVI.  century,  and  it  is 
not  now  extinct  in  England.  "  One  of  the 
name  was  traditionally  the  perfection  of  a 
cynic— in  fact  an  insular  Diogenes;  whence 
in  Jersey-French  the  word  signifies  to 
snarl,  as  in  the  phrase,  "  Ce  chien  wasse." 
Inf.  J.  B.  Payne,  Esq. 

"WACEY.     Perhaps  the  same  as  Vacey. 

WACKETT.  Probably  the  same  as 
Waggett. 

WADD.  Wad,  the  name  of  a  hero  of 
romance.     Jamieson.     See  Wade. 

WADDEL.  Perhaps  a  personal  name. 
Wadel  and  Wadhels  occur  in  Domesday. 
Also  local;  the  same  as  Odell.  De  Wad- 
halle.     H.R. 

WADDILOVE.  The  personal  name 
written  in  Domesday  Wadel  and  Wadhels, 
is  also  varied  to  Wadelo,  which  may  be  the 
source  of  this  surname. 

WADDING.  Perhaps  the  patronymical 
form  of  the  il-Sax.  Wade.  Waddiugton, 
Waddingham,  Waddingworth,  &c.,  as 
names  of  places,  seem  to  be  derived  from 
this  source.  According  to  Mr.  D'Alton 
the  name  is  of  record  in  Ireland,  from 
temp.  Edward  III. 

WADDINGTON.  A  parish  in  Lincoln- 
shire, and  a  chapelry  in  Yorkshire. 

WADDY.  Probably  the  same  as  Wad- 
ding. 

WADE.  1.  Verstegan  says,  "Wade, 
of  his  dwelling  at  a  meadow;"  and  others 
make  it  synonymous  with  Ford — a  water 
that  may  be  ivadecl.  H.R.  De  Wade,  and 
De  la  Wade.  2.  It  is  also  a  personal  name. 
Wade  was  one  of  the  heroes  of  Scandi- 
navian mythology,  and  became  the  subject 
of  a  medieval  romance,  often  referred  to  in 
Chaucer  and  other  writers,  but  now  lost. 
"It  appears,"  says  Mr.  Wright,  "to  have 
related  a  long  series  of  wild  adventures 
which  Wade  encountered  in  his  boat,  named 
Guingelot."  Wright's  Cant.  Tales,  ii.  93. 
A  Wade  or  Wada,  probably  a  Saxon,  is 
named  in  Domesdny,  as  having  held  lands 
previously  to  the  Survey. 

WADESON.     The  son  of  Wade,  which 
see. 

WADIIURST.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 


WADKIN.     See  Watkin. 

WADLAND.  A  corruption  of  Wood- 
land. 

WADLAW.     See  Wardlaw. 

WADLEY.  A  hamlet  near  Farringdon, 
CO.  Berks. 

WADSWORTH.  A  township  in  York- 
shire, where  the  family  resided  in  early 
times. 

WAGEMAN.     See  Wager. 

WAGER.  Wageoure  is  used  by  the 
Scot,  poet  Barbour,  for  a  mercenary  soldier 
— one  who  fights  for  a  '  wage '  or  hire. 
Hence  also  Wageman. 

WAGG.  1.  Perhaps  A-Sax.zwaeg",  away. 
2.  Perhaps  the  same  name  as  Waga,  which 
occurs  in  the  genealogy  of  the  Mercian 
kings. 

WAGGETT.  A  corruption  of  some 
local  surname  terminating  in  gate. 

"WAGHORN.  Horn  is  a  common  ter- 
mination, and  the  name  may  be  local.  In 
Scotland,  a  mythical  person  bears  this  ap- 
pellation, and  he  is  said  to  have  been 
crowned  king  of  liars.  Hence  people 
guilty  of  extravagant  lying  are  said  to  be — 
"  As  FALSE  AS  Waghorx,  ciiul  lie  was 
nineteen  times  falser  than  the  Deil !  " 
Jamieson. 

WAGNER.  Germ,  ivagner,  a  wheel- 
wright or  cartwright.  Naturalized  from 
Germany. 

WAGSTAFF.  Applied  to  one  who 
could  brandish  or  iraff  a  staff  with  effect. 
It  belongs  to  the  same  class  as  Shakeshaft, 
Longstaffe,  Shakspeare,  &c.,  and  is  the 
most  common  of  that  class.  It  is  curious 
to  observe,  among  the  archives  of  Stratford- 
upon-Avon,  record  of  proceedings  between 
Richard  Wagstajf  and  John  ShaJtcspere — 
the  latter  being  the  poet's  father.  See 
Halliwell's  Life  of  Shakspeare,  p.  41. 
H.R.  Waggestatf,  Wagestaf. 

WAHULL.     See  Odell. 

WAIGHT.     The  same  as  Wait. 

WAINFLEET.     A  town  in  Lincolnshire. 

WAINMAN.  The  driver  of  a  wain  or 
wagon. 

WAINWRIGHT.  (A -Sax.      warn.) 

Wain  is  an  old,  but  nearly  obsolete,  word 
for  wagon.  In  Sussex,  a  shed  in  which 
wagons  stand  is  called  a  wain-house  or 
'  wen-hus,'  and  in  some  parts  of  England 
a  wagoner  is  called  a  wain-man,  whence 
the  surname  Wenman.  Nor  must  we 
forget  the  constellation,  Charles's  Wain.  A 
Wainwright  was  therefore  synonymous  with 


W  A  L  369 

Cartwright  and  Wheelwright,  also  English 
surnames,  and  signified  a  builder  of 
wagons. 

WAISTELL.     See  Wastel. 

WAIT.  WAITE.  In  the  Prompt. 
Parv.  a  watchman ;  but  more  generall}'  un- 
derstood to  be  a  minstrel,  especially  one 
who  performs  in  the  night.  See  Halliwell, 
and  Jamieson.     Le  Wayte.     H.R. 

WAITHMAN.  A  hunter.  Teuton!  , 
weyd-nmn,  venator,  auceps.     Jamieson. 

WAKE.  Much  discrepancy  exists  among 
genealogists  as  to  the  origin  of  this  name 
and  family.  The  baronet's  family  claim 
from  Hugh  "Wac,  lord  of  Wilesford,  co. 
Lincoln,  temp.  Henry  I.,  whose  line  ended 
with  that  Lord  Wake,  whose  sister  and 
heiress  married  Eduiund  of  Woodstock,  a 
younger  son  of  Edward  I.  From  other  au- 
thorities it  would  appear  that  tliey  spring 
from  Hereward  le  Wake,  who  flourished 
under  the  Confessor.  Archbishop  Wake, 
who  wrote  a  short  account  of  his  ancestr}'^, 
disowns  the  Norman  derivation,  and  thinks 
the  name  Le  Wake,  or  fJie  Watchful,  a 
title  given  to  Hereward,  to  describe  his 
chai'acter  as  a  skilful  military  commander. 
See  N.  and  Q.,  2ud  S.  vi.  passim.  The 
name  Wake  occurs  in  some  copies  of  the 
so-called  Battel-Abbey  Roll. 

WAKEFIELD.  A  large  town  in  York- 
shire. 

AVAKELEY.     See  Wakley. 

WAKELIN.  AYAKELIIs^G.  L  Wal- 
chelinus,  a  Domesday  personal  name. 
Walclin.     H.R.     2.  See  AVaklej^ 

WAKKISON.  A  Lancashire  corruption 
of  Watkinson. 

WAKLEY.  L  Wakeley,  an  extra-paro- 
chial liberty,  co.  Hertford.  2.  Mr.  Ferguson 
classes  this  name  with  Weakley,  Wakeley, 
Weaklin,  and  Wakeliug,  as  denoting  want 
of  physical  power. 

WAKEMAN.  A- Sax.  ivaec-man,  a 
w^atchman.  According  to  Bailey's  Diet, 
the  chief  officer  of  Ripon  was  anciently 
called  the  ?ra7ie?«<zrt;  but  this  is  incorrect. 
The  Wakeman  was  an  inferior  functionary, 
whose  duty  was  to  blow  a  cow's  horn  every 
night  at  nine  o'clock  ;  and  if  between  such 
blowing  and  sun-rise,  any  burglary  took 
place,  it  was  made  good  at  the  public 
charge. 

WALBERTOX.  A  parish  in  co.  Sussex, 
-where  the  family  were  resident  temp. 
Edward  I. 

WALBY.     A  township  in  Cumberland. 

WALCOT.  WALCOTT.  There  are 
parishes,  &c.,  called  Walcot,  in  cos.  Lei- 
cester, Lincoln,  Somerset,  and  Worcester, 
and  a  Walcott  in  co.  Norfolk.  An  eminent 
family  derive  their  surname  from  Walcot,  a 
manor  in  the  parish  of  Lydbury,  co.  Salop. 
Tlie  first  recorded  progenitor  is  Roger  de 
"SValcot,  1255.  His  descendant,  in  the 
sixth  generation,  was  John  Walcot,  of 
3  A 


WAL 

whom'the  family  pedigree  relates,  "  that 
playing  at  chess  with  King  Henry  V.,  he 
gave  hini  the  check-mate  with  the  rooke, 
whereui:)on  the  King  changed  his  arms  from 
the  cross  with  fleur-de-lis,  and  gave  him 
the  rooke  for  a  remembrance."  What  evi- 
dence there  may  be  for  this  statement,  I 
know  not,  though  it  certainly  appears 
from  the  roll  of  arms  of  temp.  Richard  II, 
that  the  coat  borne  by  John  de  Walcote 
was  Argent,  on  a  cross  imtonce  Azure,  five 
fieiirs-de-Us  Or;  while  that  now  borne  by 
the  familj'  is,  Argent,  a  chevron  hetiveen 
three  chess-roolcs  Ermine.  See  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

According  to  B.L.G-.  the  Walcots  are 
paternall}'  descended  from  an  ancient 
Welsh  tribe,  one  of  whose  members  mar- 
ried the  Walcot  heiress. 

A7ALDEGRAVE.  This  ancient  fnmily, 
who  have  been  seated  in  many  counties, 
were  originallj'  of  Waldegrave,  now  Wal- 
grave,  in  Northamptonshire  The  pedigree 
is  traced  to  .John,  son  of  Warin  de  Wal- 
grave,  sheriff  of  London,  in  1205.  Leland 
speaks  of  the  family  thus  :  "  As  far  as  I 
can  gather  of  young  Walgreve  of  the 
Courte,  the  eldest  house  of  the  Walgreves 
cummith  out  of  the  Town  of  Northampton, 
or  ther  about,  and  there  j'et  remaineth  in 
Northamptonshire  a  man  of  landes  of  that 
name."  See  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men. 

WALDEN.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Essex, 
Hertford,  York,  &c. 

WALDIE.  This  family,  long  settled 
near  Kelso,  co.  Roxburgh,  have  at  different 
times  written  themselves  Waitho,  Watho, 
Waltho,  and  Waldie.  The  etymology  is 
unknown.  Mr.  Ferguson  makes  it  the 
same  as  the  Scandinavian  name  Valdi. 

WALDO.  The  leader  of  those  early 
Protestants,  the  Yaudois,  or  Waldenses,  was 
Peter  Waldo,  a  merchant  of  Lyons,  who, 
in  the  XII.  century,  denied  transubstantia- 
tion,  and  translated  the  Gospels  into 
French.  Peter  Waldo,  Esq.,  the  author  of 
a  Commentary  on  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church 
of  England  (1731—1803),  is  said  to  have 
been  a  lineal  descendant  of  his  illustrious 
namesake. 

WALDPvO:!^.  1.  AparishinSusse.x.  2. 
The  personal  name  Waleran,  common  in 
Norman  times. 

WALDVOGEL.  German,  a  wood- 
haunting  bird,  a  wood-fowl.  This  is  pro- 
bably a  name  of  recent  importation  from 
Germany. 

WALDY.     The  same  as  Waldie. 

WALE.  A  local  surname,  traced  in 
Irish  records  to  the  XIV.  century.  John  de 
AVale  was  advanced,  in  1348,  to  the  see  of 
Ardfert.     D'Alton. 

WALES.  1.  From  the  country  —  like 
Ireland,  Scotland,  &c.  2.  From  a  parish 
so  called  in  co.  York. 

^VALESBY.     A  parish  in  Notthigham- 


WAL 


370 


WAL 


shire,  in  which  county  the  family  resided, 
temp.  Edward  I. 

WALFORD.  Places  in  co.  Hereford,  &c. 

WALKER.  1.  ASax.  wealcere,  a  fuller. 
In  the  N.  of  England,  fullers'  earth  is 
called  "  walker's  clay,"  and  a  fulling-mill 
a  "walk-mill."  In  Scotland,  to  walk,  or 
wauk,  still  means  to  full  cloth.  2.  A  forest 
ofiScer  appointed  to  ovalk  about  a  certain 
space  of  ground  committed  to  his  care. 
Nelson's  Laws  of  Game.  This  ranks  among 
numerous  surnames,  there  being  about  250 
traders  in  London  who  bear  it. 

WALKINGTON.  A  parish  in  York- 
shire. 

WALL.  See  Walls,  to  which  it  is  ordi- 
narily pluralized. 

WALLACE.  Though  resembling,  very 
closely,  the  Walleys  and  Wallis  of  English 
family  nomenclature,  this  surname  may 
have  a  distinct  origin.  It  appears  to  have 
been  anciently  a  personal  name.  Galgacus, 
the  celebrated  Caledonian  chief,  Avho  op- 
posed the  arms  of  Agricola,  has  been 
identified  by  Baxter  with  Gwallog,  a 
British  name,  and  this  has  been  suggested 
as  the  original  form  of  the  modern  Wal- 
lace. See  Gentleman's  Mag.  March,  185G, 
p.  218. 

AYALLAS.     See  Wallace. 

WALLEN.     The  same  as  Walwyn. 

WALLER.  The  A- Sax.  iveallan  means 
to  spring  up  or  boil ;  and  a  ivcallere  is  one 
who  boils — a  boiler.  At  the  present  day 
i\\Q  persons  who  rake  the  salt  out  of  the 
leads  at  the  salt-works  at  Nantwich-,  are 
called  n-allers.  Halliwell.  Hence  the  name 
was  anciently  latinized  Salinator.  In  the 
North,  a  Waller  is  a  builder  of  walls.  The 
Italian  surname  Muratori,  and  the  French 
Murier,  correspond  with  the  latter  sense. 
H.R.     Le  Waller  and  Le  Wallur. 

WALLINGER.  See  Waller.  In  a  docu- 
ment of  .35.  Eliz.  nrillinf/es  are  mentioned 
in  the  sense  of  boiling-houses  for  salt,  at 
Northwich.  See  N.  and  Q.  July  10,  1858. 
Hence  a  'Wallinger'  is  probably  a  salt- 
boiler. 

WALLINGTON.  Parishes  and  places 
in  Hertfordshire,  Norfolk,  Surrey,  and 
Northumberland. 

AVALLIS.  AVelsh -a  native  of  Wales. 
Its  form,  in  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth 
centuries,  was  the  Norman-French  Le 
Waleis,  Le  Waleys,  &c.,  corresponding 
with  the  Le  Francois,  L'Angleys,  &c.,  of 
the  same  date.  The  Scottish  Wallace  is, 
perhaps,  identical ;  but  see  that  article.  A 
totally  different  origin  is,  however,  assigned 
to  the  name  in  "The  Folks  of  Shields," 
where  it  is  asserted  that  "the  name  of 
Wallcs,  Wallis,  Waleys,  Wallase,  or  Wal- 
lace, is  specifically  derived  from  Valles, 
now  Vaux,  situated  near  Erie  or  Taire,  in 
the  Beauvoisin,  in  France,  the  manor  and 
castle  of  which  belonged  to  Ralph  de  Yalles, 
about  the  period  of  the  Norman  Conquest. 
The  name,  however  (it  is  added)   has  a 


generic  acceptation.  Philip  de  Valois, 
King  of  France,  is  termed  Le  Valeys  in  old 
writings  ;  the  scattered  descendants  of  the 
Waldenses  or  Vaudois  bore  the  same  dis- 
tinctive title ;  and  the  famous  Scottish 
patriot  wrote  his  name  Walles  and  Wallese. 
One  of  the  three  judges  itinerant  appointed 
in  1176,  for  the  northern  counties,  was 
Robert  dc  Walles.  The  castle  and  vill  of 
Valles  or  Walles  is  stated  to  have  belonged 

to  Sir  Richard  de  Walles,  in  1187 

A  branch  of  the  family  settled  at  Burgh 
Wallis,  between  Doncaster  and  Pontefract, 
probably  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III."  It 
appears  tome  that  the  writer  confounds  the 
local  De  Walles  (De  Vallibus,  or  Vaux), 
with  the  patrial  Le  Waleys,  though  the 
families  and  names  are  essentially  distinct. 

WALLOP.  "  The  true  and  original 
name  of  this  family,"  says  Mr.  Shirley,  is 
Barton — Peter  de  Barton,  lord  of  West 
Barton,  in  Hampshire,  having  married 
Alice,  only  daughter  and  heiress  of  Sir 
Robert  de  Wallop,  who  died  in  the  eleventh 
year  of  Edwai'd  I.  His  great-grandson, 
Richard,  assumed  the  name  of  Wallop,  and 
was  one  of  the  knights  of  the  shire  in  the 
second  of  Edward  III.  Over  and  Nether 
Wallop  [co.  Hants]  so  called,  says  Camden, 
'  from  Well-hop,  that  is,  a  pretty  well  in 
the  side  of  a  hill,'  continued,  till  the  reign 
of  Henry  V.,  the  in-incijDal  seat,  when  Mar- 
garet de  Valoynes  brought  into  the  family 
the  manor  of  Farley,  afterwards  called 
Farley-Wallop,  which  has  since  been  the 
usual  residence  of  the  Wallops."  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men, 

WALLS.  1.  From  residence  hard  by,  or 
upon,  a  town  wall.  The  forms  in  the  XIII. 
and  XIV.  centuries  were  Atte-Wall,  Super 
le  ^Val,  De  la  Walle,  &c.  2.  It  was  also  an 
old  personal  name,  spelt  in  Domesday 
Walle.     See  also  under  Wallis. 

WALLAVORTH.  Walworth,  a  suburb 
of  Loudon. 

WALMESLEY.  A  chapelry  iu  Lan- 
cashire. 

WALPOLE.  "  Walpole,  in  INIershland, 
CO.  Norfolk,  gave  name  to  this  historical 
family,  and  here  Joceline  de  Walpole  was 
living  iu  the  reign  of  Stephen.  Reginald 
de  Walpole,  in  the  time  of  Henry  I.,  seems 
to  have  been  a  lineal  ancestor  of  the  house. 
He  was  father  of  Richard,  who  married 
Emma,  daughter  of  Walter  de  Howton,  or 
Houghton,  which  at  a  very  early  period  be- 
came the  family  seat."  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men. 

WALROND.  This  ancient  family  were 
seated  at  Bradfield,  in  Uffculm,  co.  Devon, 
temp.  Henry  III.  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 
The  original  deed  of  transfer  of  Bradfeldo 
fi-om  Fulke  Paynel,  Lord  of  Bampton,  to 
one  Walerande,  an  ancestor,  temp.  King 
John,  is  still  in  the  possession  of  the 
family.  It  would  appear  from  B.L'G.  that 
the  family  were  resident  there  before  the 
date  of  that  grant,  under  the  name  De 
Bradfelle,  viz.,  in  1154;  and  thatof  Waleran 
or  Walroud  was  assumed  early  in  the  reign 


WAN 


371 


WAR 


of  King  John.  Waleran  is  an  ancient  i 
personal  name,  wliicli  was  introduced  here  ' 
at  the  Conquest. 

WALSH.  WALSHE.  A  native  of 
Wales. 

WALSHAINI.  Parishes  in  cos.  Norfolk 
and  Suffolk.  The  baronet's  family  spring 
from  the  latter  county,  having  anciently 
been  lords  of  the  manor  of  Walsham.  The 
name  De  "Walsham  was  first  assumed  by  a 
cadet  of  the  noble  house  of  Ufford,  temp. 
Edward  III. 

TVALSmGHAM.  Great  and  Little 
Walsingham  are  parishes  in  Norfolk. 

WALTER.  A  personal  name  of  Teutonic 
origin,  but  not  introduced  here  until  the 
Conquest.  Walterus  is  coumion  among 
the  Domesday  tenants.  It  has  become 
the  parent  of  several  surnames,  particularly 
Walters,  Waterson,  FitzWalter,  Watt, 
Watts,  Watson,  Watkins,  Watkinson,  Wat- 
cock. 

WALTERS.     See  Walter. 

WALTHAINI.  Parishes  and  places  in 
Essex,  Kent,  Lincoln,  Berks,  Sussex,  Hants, 
Leicester,  &c.,  are  so  called. 

WALTON.  The  English  Gazetteer 
mentions  more  than  thirty  parishes  and 
places  so  called  ;  and  there  are  one  or  two 
others  in  Scotland. 

WALWYN.  An  A-Sax.  personal  name. 
In  the  H.R.  it  occurs  as  a'  surname — 
Walwayn. 

WAIMPULL.  Camden  mentions  this 
among  surnames  derived  from  rivers ;  but 
I  find  no  river  so  called. 

WANSBROUGH.       Weduesbury,     co. 

Stafford  ? 
WANSEY.  This  name  is  traditionally 
derived  from  a  town  in  Normandy  called 
Vancy,  the  locality  of  which  I  cannot  dis- 
cover. The  Norman  origin  of  the  family 
is  indisputable.  Hugh  de  Waunci  came 
over  at,  or  immediately  after,  the  Conquest, 
and  settled  at  Barsham,  co.  Norfolk,  which 
manor  he  held  under  William,  Earl  of 
Warenne.  He  seems  to  have  been  in  high 
favour  with  the  Earl,  in  many  of  whose 
charters  and  deeds  the  name  of  Hugh  de 
W.  stands  first.  The  name  is  still  retained 
in  France  ;  a  51.  Vancy  was  recently  a 
member  of  the  chamber  of  deputies.  In 
England  it  has  taken  the  various  forms  of 
Wauncey,  Wancey,  Wancie,  Wanci,  and 
Auntsey.  The  parish  of  Cleeve-Ancy,  in 
Wiltshire,  is  supposed  to  derive  its  suffix 
from  the  family.  The  modern  pronuncia- 
tion is  '  Waunzey  ;'  but  formerly,  in  Wilt- 
shire, it  was  '  Wausey.'  Inf.  Wm.  Wausey, 
Esq.,  F.S.A. 

WANT.  A  provincialism  for  the  mole. 
Perhaps  originally  applied  to  a  person  of 
undermining  disposition. 

WANTON.  A  Robertus  Lascivus  oc- 
curs in  Domesday,  and  the  surname 
Wanton  is  still  by  no  means  uncommon. 


WAPS.     See  Wasp. 

WAPSIIOTT.  At  Almner's  Barns  near 
Chertsey,  co.  Surrey,  a  yeoman  family  so 
called,  resided  within  the  last  few  years. 
They  had  a  tradition  that  the  farm  was 
granted  by  Alfred  the  Great  to  their 
ancestor,  Reginald  Wapshott,  the  king's 
armour-bearer,  and  that  the  AVapshotts 
had  been  in  uninterrupted  possession  from 
that  time  !  Another  version  of  the  story 
makes  King  Alfred's  grantee,  a  Karrener, 
There  is  no  doubt  of  the  great  antiquity  of 
this  plebeian  line,  though  it  is  rather  more 
than  we  are  compelled  to  believe,  that  sur- 
names were  hereditary  in  the  IX.  cent.,  and 
that  Pieginald  was  an  English  baptismal 
name  in  those  early  days. 

The  Testa  de  Nevil,  compiled  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  III.,  will  probably  assist  in 
the  elucidation  of  this  name.  From  that 
record  we  learn  that  Hubert  and  Ralph 
da  IlnjjpesJiort  held  lands  at  Beckhampton, 
in  Hampshire,  bj'  the  serjeanty  of  keeping 
the  King's  harriers.  Now  Hoppeshort 
would  easily  corrupt  itself  into  Wapshott, 
while  the  warrener  of  the  tradition  and 
the  hound-keeper  of  the  authentic  record, 
may  easily  be  reconciled.  All  we  have  to 
do.  then,  is  to  make  a  deduction  of  four 
centuries  from  the  date,  and  to  lay  the 
venve  in  another  county ;  and  we  are  pro- 
bal)ly  not  far  from  the  truth. 

I  am  afraid  that  these  Hoppeshorts  were 
not  very  correct  people,  if  we  may  accept 
the  evidence  of  Blount's  Tenures,  where  we 
read  that  the  Hoppeshorts  of  Roeharapton 
held  that  manor  by  the  service  "  custo- 
diendi  sex  damicellas  (scil'  meretrices)  ad 
nsum  Dom.  Regis"  (12.  Edw.  I.)  Perhaps, 
however,  Blount's  parenthetical  gloss  may 
be  a  misapprehension,  and  the  six  creatures 
to  be  kept  were  **=*****  of  a  more 
honest  description — in  short  female  dogs 
of  the  chase. 

AVARBOYS.  As  the  surname  Warma?i 
seems  "  to  mean  what  it  says,"  it  might 
appear  that  War&o?/s  has  a  belligerent  sig- 
nification ;  but  this  is  not  the  ease,  as  it  is 
a  simple  corruption  of  Verbois,  a  place 
near  Rouen. 

WARBURTON.  A  parish  in  Cheshire 
gave  name  to  this  ancient  family,  who  are 
a  branch  of  the  great  house  of  Dutton  of 
that  county.  AVarburton  was  acquired  by 
the  Duttons  as  early  as  temp.  Henry  II., 
but  it  was  not  until  the  reign  of  Edward  I., 
or  II.,  that  this  territorial  surname  was 
assumed  by  Sir  Peter  de  Dutton.  This 
worthy  knight  was  the  grandson  of  Sir 
Geofi'rey  de  Dutton,  a  Crusader,  to  whom 
the  AVarburton  crest,  "a  Saracen's  head," 
alludes.  "  The  crest  which  is  still  borne  by 
the  AVarburtous  refers  to  the  Holy  Land, 
and  was  probably  gained  by  some  heroic 
exploit  in  the  expedition."  Ormerod's 
Cheshire.  In  the  Harl.  MS.  1.39  (p.  G8.)  it 
is  stated  that,  "This  Galfrid  lived  in  1244. 
He  was  servyuge  his  prynce,  and  van- 
quyshed  a  Sarraziu  in  combatc — tlien 
begynnynge  to  scale  with  a  Sarrazin's 
head."     B.L.G. 


WAR 


372 


WAR 


WARCUP.     A  parish  in  Westmoreland. 

®^  WARD.  A  guard  or  keeper.  Besides 
standing  simply,  as  one  of  our  com- 
monest surnames — 187  traders  bearing  it 
occur  in  the  Lend.  Direct,  of  1852 — it 
forms  tlie  termination  of  several  otliers, 
as  Aylward,  Durward,  Hayward,  Ken- 
ward,  Milward.  Woodward,  &c.  (which 
see).  Comp.  Warden,  Warder,  Gard, 
and  Guard.  The  extinct  Doveward 
was  probably  a  keeper  of  the  manorial 
pigeons — a  Columharlus. 

WARDE.     See  Ward. 

WARDEDIEU.      WARDEDU.      It  is 

asserted  that  the  progenitor  of  this  family 
"  was  a  cadet  of  the  family  of  Monceux, 
lords  of  Herst-Monceux,  who  becoming,  in 
the  XIII.  century,  a  ward  of  the  Earl  of 
Eu  (to  whom  tiie  manor  of  Bodiam,  of 
which  he  was  proprietor,  was  feudally 
subject)  assumed  the  surname  of  Ward 
d'Ou,  which  he  transmitted  to  his  descend- 
ants ;  but  as  the  name  is  usually  found 
with  the  territorial  prefix  De,  this  state- 
ment may  well  be  questioned."  Bodiam  and 
its  Lords,  p.  10.  The  first  of  the  family  on 
record  is  William  de  Wardedieu,  who 
flourished  under  Henry  III. 

WARDEN.  1 .  A  guardian  or  superin- 
tendent, as  still  in  use  in  '  churchwarden,' 
'way-warden,'  'Lord-warden  of  the  Cinque 
Ports,'  &c.  2.  Parishes  and  places  in 
Kent,  ISTorthumberland,  Bedford,  North- 
ampton, Durham,  &c.  The  pear  known 
among  our  ancestors  as  the  warden-pear 
derived  its  name  from  Warden  Abbey,  co, 
Bedford.  3.  An  A- Sax.  personal  name. 
One  Weric  Werden  held  lands  in  co.  Herts 
before  the  making  of  Domesday. 

WARDER.  Gustos,  keeper;  especially  a 
door-keeper — still  in  use. 

WAR  DEUX.  Another  spelling  of 
Wardedieu. 

WARDLAW.  An  ancient  parisli, 
merged  in  that  of  Kirk-hill,  co.  Inver- 
ness. 

WARDLE,  ^7ARDELL,  &c.  Wardle 
or  Wardha]],a  township  in  Cheshire.  One 
Eic.  de  Wardle  occurs  in  the  H.R.  of  Lin- 
colnshire. 

WARDLEY.     A  parish  in  co.  Rutland. 

WARDOU.     See  Wardedieu. 

WARDROBE.  The  same  as  Ward- 
roper. 

WARDROPER.  WARDROP.  Tlie 
keeper  of  the  irardrohe.  (0.  F.  garde- 
robe).  "  Wardroper,  vestiarius."  Prompt. 
Parv.  A  considerable  office  in  royal  and 
noble  households.  The  H.R.  form  is  Thom' 
de  la  Warderobe. 

WARDROPPER.     See  Wardroper, 

WARE.  A  town  in  co.  Herts;  also  an 
old  orthography  of  weir,  a  dam  in  a  river. 
See  Weir  and  Wear. 

WAREDRAPER.  R.  G.  IG.  A  cor- 
ruption of  Wardroper,  which  see. 


WAREHAM.     A  town  in  Dorsetshire. 

WARHAM.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

WARING.  The  Warings,  of  Warings- 
town,  CO.  Devon,  are  descended  from  John 
Waring,  who  settled  in  Ireland  temp.  James 
I.  According  to  B.L.G.,  the  patriarch  of 
the  family  was  Miles  de  Guerin,  who  came 
to  England  with  William  the  Conqueror. 

WARK.     A  parish  in  Northumberland. 

WARLEY.  Parishes  and  places  in 
Essex  and  Yorkshire. 

WARLOCK.  A  wizard;  one  in  compact 
with  the  Devil.  The  H.R.  shew  us  a  Cam- 
bridgeshire tenant  bearing  the  ill-omened 
name  "Nic.  AVarloc." 

WAR]\IAN.  ]\Iay  mean  a  soldier  ;  bnt 
is  as  probably  Wermund,  an  ancient 
Saxon  name  occurring  in  the  genealogy  of 
the  kings  of  Mercia. 

WARMINGTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  War- 
wick and  Northampton  are  so  called. 

WARMOLL.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Warm  well,  co.  Dorset. 

WARN  E.  A  curt  pronunciation  of  War- 
ren . 

AVARNEFORD.  A  parish  in  Hamp- 
shire. 

WARNER.  1.  An  ancient  baptismal 
name,  written  in  Domesday  Warnerus  and 
Waruerius.  2.  Sometimes  a  corruption 
of  Warrener.  "  The  imrner  is  hardy  and 
fell."    Halliwell.     H.R.  Le  Warner. 

WARNETT.  Probably  the  same  as 
Garnet,  or  Gernet,  by  the  substitution  of 
W  for  G. 

WARR.  WARRE.  War  appears  to  be 
an  obsolete  topographical  word,  of  uncer- 
tain meaning.  It  was  formerly  prefixed  by 
the  particles  De  la,  as  in  the  ancient  family 
De  la  AVarr,  whose  heiress  married,  in  the 
XV.  cent.,  West,  the  lineal  ancestor  of  the 
Earl  De  la  Warr. 

WARREN.  William  de  Warene,  ov 
Warrena,  who  married  Gundrada,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Willia7n  the  Conqueror,  received  great 
possessions  in  Sussex,  Surrey,  Norfolk,  Suf- 
folk, &c.,  and  became  progenitor  of  the 
Earls  of  Warenne  and  Surrey.  His  chief 
seat,  anterior  to  the  Conquest,  was  at  Bel- 
lencombre,  a  small  town  in  the  arrondisse- 
meut  of  Dieppe,  in  Normandy,  on  the  little 
river  Yarcnne.  By  this  name  the  town 
itself  was  anciently  known,  until  upon  the 
ci-ection  of  a  fortress  upon  an  artificial 
mound,  or  heMus  cumvlus,  it  received,  from 
that  circumstance,  the  appellation  of  Bel- 
lencombre.  Arch.  Journ.,  iii.,  6.  The 
Norman  de  Warenues  were  doubtless  pro- 
genitors of  many  existing  families  of 
Warren ;  but  it  must  not  be  forgotten  that 
the  surname  may  ha^■e  a  totally  different 
source,  namely,  n-arren — which  Bailey  de- 
fines as,  "  a  franchize  or  place  privileged 
by  the  king  for  keeping  conies,  hares,  part- 
ridges, pheasants,  &c.;"  though  the  phrase 
is  now  more  commonly  applied  to  a  colony 


WAS 


373 


WAT 


of  rabbits.  Thirdly,  Warren,  or  Warinus, 
is  an  old  baptismal  name  whence  Fitz- 
Warine. 

WAR  RENDER.     Probably  a  corruption 

of  Warrener. 

WARRENER.     The  keeper  of  a  warren 

for  rabbits. 

"  The  toarrine-r  knows 
There  are  rabbits  in  breeding." 

Coble's  Prophecies,  1614.     (Halliw.) 

WARRIER.     A  warrior. 

WARRINGTON.  A  town  in  Lanca- 
shire, and  a  hamlet  in  Buckinghamshire, 
are  so  denominated. 

WARTER.  The  Warters  of  Shropshire, 
who  assert  a  Saxon  origin,  derive  their 
name  from  the  parisli  of  Warter,  co.  York. 
Some  branches  have  varied  the  ortliography 
to  Wartyr,  Watur,  Water,  and  AValter. 
Burke's  L.G. 

WARTNABY.  A  chapelry  in  co.  Lei- 
cester. 

WARTON.  A  parish  and  a  chapelry  in 
CO.  Lancaster,  and  a  township  in  Northum- 
berland. 

WARWICK.  1.  Turchil  de  Warwick, 
son  of  Alwine,  was  a  tenant  in  capite  at 
the  making  of  Domesday.  He  was  of  Saxon 
race.  See  Arden.  2.  A  parish  in  Camber- 
land,  anciently  written  Warthwick.  One 
Odard,  owner  of  the  estate  in  the  XII. 
century,  was  grandfather  of  John  de 
Warthwyke,  who  lived  temp.  Richard 
Cojur  de  Lion,  and  the  descendants  of  the 
latter,  in  the  direct  male  line,  possessed 
the  estate  down  to  the  XVIII.  century. 
See  Hutchinson's  Cumberland,  i.  154. 

WAR  WICKER.     A  native  of  Warwick  ? 

WASCOE.  The  ancient  name  of  the 
province  of  Gascouy  was  Vascovia,  or 
Wascovia.  This  name  is  therefore  equiva- 
lent to  Gascon. 

WASE.     See  Wace. 

WASHBOURN.  WASHBURN. 

Washbourne,  co.  Worcester,  gave  name  to 
this  family,  and  was  their  seat  until  1582. 
A  Walter  de  Wasseburue  occurs  in  the 
H.R.  of  CO.  Devon,  temp.  Edward  I. 

WASHER.  A  purifier  of  linen.  See 
under  Whisker. 

WASHINGTON.  Parishes  in  Durham 
and  Sussex,  and  a  village  in  Perthshire,  are 
so  called.  The  ancestors  of  George  Wash- 
ington, the  American  patriot,  are  presumed 
to  have  been  the  old  gentry  stock  seated  in 
Northamptonshire,  and  previously  in 
Lancashire  (Shirley's  Sicmniata  Shirleiana, 
p.  136.) ;  but  the  county  from  which  the  first 
assumer  of  the  name  sprang,  is  unknown. 
The  followingingenious  and  almost  poetical 
passage  from  Mr.  Ferguson  (pp.  115,  11 G), 
is  worthy  of  quotation,  though  the  deriva- 
tion of  the  heritable  surname  Washington 
from  an  Anglo-Saxon  called  Wass,  and  his 
Wassings,  is  clearly  untenable.  The  first 
De  Washington — whenever  aud  wherever 
he  flourished — was  more  likely  a  Norman, 


who  had  settled  upon  the  conquered  soil, 
than  a  descendant  of  Wass,  who  bad 
colonized  the  spot  centuries  before  the 
Conquest. 

"  The  Anglo-Saxon  name  of  Wasliingtonin  Snssex 
was  Wassingatiin,  the  town  of  the  ^^'ass-ings,  i.  e., 
sons  or  descendants  of  Wass.  Thus,  by  two  steps 
bacli,  from  Washington,  we  come  to  Wass,  and  the 
name  of  W'ass  still  stands  in  the  London  Directory. 
But  who  was  Wass  ?  It  is  a  little  curious  that  the 
only  t^^■o  of  that  name,  whom  I  have  been  able  to 
meet  with  in  Anglo-Saxon  times,  both  occur  in  a 
charter  of  manumission  (Cod.  Dipl.  No.  971.)  to 
which  one  of  them  v,'as  a  witness,  and  tlie  other  the 
father  of  a  witness.  W\asa  and  Wassing  were  Old 
German  names,  and  Grimm  refers  to  icasjan,  pollere, 
A-Sax.  hieres,  Old  Norse,  hvass,  keen,  bold.  Hence 
probably  the  name  of  the  illustrious  Gustavus  Wasa, 
lung  of  Sweden.  Thus  I  have  connected  the  name  of 
Wasln"ngton  with  a  fau;ily,  probably  more  or  less 
distinguished,  of  A-Sax.  times — I  have  shown  that 
one  of  that  family,  and  the  son  of  another,  stood 
godfathers  to  an  ancient  act  of  freedom — I  have  pro- 
posed a  not  unworthy  etymon  for  the  name — and  I 
liave  suggested  that  it  may  be  the  same  as  that  of 
another  distinguished  champion  of  his  country's 
freedom." 

WASP.  A  sobriquet  applied  to  a  choleric 
or  spiteful  person.  Waps  (A-Sax.  ^ccpps,  a 
wasp),  is  also  found  as  a  surname. 

^VASS.  1.  See  Wace.  2.  See  under 
Washington. 

WASTELL.  A  fine  kind  of  bread.  O. 
Fr.  (jastel,  gasteau.  Bread  used  with  the 
wassail-bowl.  Jumieson.  Chaucer's 

Prioress  fed  her  hounds  with  Wastcl  hrcde. 
Its  adoption  as  a  surname  is  not  readily 
explained.  See,  however,  Whithread,  and 
Simnel,  in  the  Supplement.  The  name 
in  H.R.  is  Wastel  without  prefix. 

WAT.     A  '  nurse-name  '  of  Walter. 
WATCOCK.     See  Walter. 

^VATER.  From  residence  near  some 
large  pond,  river,  or  the  like.  In  the  XIII. 
and  XIV.  centuries,  the  name  was  written 
Atte-AVater,  By-the- Water,  &c. 

WATERFALL.  A  parish  in  Stafford- 
shire. 

WATERHOUSE.  Local,  in  Lincoln- 
shire. The  first  recorded  ancestor  is  Sir  Gil- 
bert Waterhouse,  or  Ab  Aqua3  Domo,  who 
was  of  Kirtou  in  that  shire,  temp.  Henry 
III.     B.L.G. 

WATERMAN.  A  ferryman.  See,  how- 
ever. Waters,  and  the  termination  jian. 

WATERS.  In  some  dialects,  the  word 
water  is  applied  to  lakes  and  rivers,  as  Ulls- 
water,  Derwent-water,  Black-water.  Upon 
the  adoption  of  surnames  hy  the  common 
people,  a  person  who  resided  near  such  a 
place  would  be  called  William  or  John 
Atte-Water,  still  retained  in  Attwater; 
but  on  the  omission  of  the  i)reposition  in 
the  XV.  centui'}',  the  name  was  ijlui'alized 
to  Waters.  The  latinizations  are  De  Aqua 
and  Ad  Aquam.     See  Water. 

WATERSON.     See  Walter. 

WATERTON.     According  to  B.L.G.  the 

family  claim  a  Norman  origin,  although 
the  first  ancestor  mentioned  is^  Rayoer  de 
Waterton,  lord  of  the  manor  of  Waterton, 
CO.  Lincoln,  temp.  Henry  III.     In  the  reign 


WAY 


374 


WEA 


of  Richard  II.,  the  elder  line  heing  extinct, 
a  younger  son  married  Catherine  Burghe, 
heiress  to  the  estate  of  Walton,  co.  York, 
"  which  has  since  continued  the  residence 
of  this  ancient  Ivuiglitly  lineage,"  Shir- 
ley's Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

WATFORD.  WHATFORD.  A  town 
in  CO.  Herts,  and  a  parisli  in  co.  North- 
ampton. 

WATKINS.     See  Walter. 

WATKINSON.     See  Walter. 

WATLING.  Thi.s  name  may  have  been 
taken  from  the  celebrated  Roman  Road, 
the  Watling  Street,  which  led  from  Dover 
to  London,  and  thence  to  Chester,  North 
Wales,  and  Cumberland.  Comp.  Dykes, 
Stonestreet,  and  Thirlwall,  as  surnames 
derived  from  R,oman  works.  In  the  middle 
ages,  so  famous  was  this  via,  that  the  Milky 
Way  of  the  heavens  was  sometimes  known 
by  the  same  designation  : — 

"  Lo,  quod  he,  cast  up  thjTie  eye, 
See  yonder  lo,  the  galaxie. 
The  wliichmen  clepe  the  milky  way, 
For  it,  is  white  ;  and  some,  parfay, 
Callen  it  Watling  Streete." 

Chaucer.    House  of  Fame.  ii.  437. 

WATLINGTON.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

WATSON.     See  AValter. 

WATT.  WATTS.  1.  See  Walter.  2. 
The  family  of  Watts  of  Hawkesdale  Hall, 
CO.  Cumberland,  deduce  themselves  from 
Sir  John  le  Fleming,  lord  of  Wath,  on 
Dearu,  co.  York,  who  died  14.  Edw.  II. 
His  second  son  Raynier  assumed  the  terri- 
torial name  De  Wath,  and  his  descendants 
gradually  corrupted  that  designation  to  its 
present  form.  In  temp.  Edward  III.  it  was 
De  Wath  or  Wathes ;  temp.  Henry  VI., 
Wattys ;  temp.  Henry  VII.,  Wattes  ;  temp. 
Charles  I.,  and  subsequently,  Watts.  See 
B.L.G. 

WAUCHOPE.  This  family  derive  their 
name  from  the  district  of  Wauchopedale, 
CO.  Dumfries.  They  were  long  hereditary 
baillies  of  Mid-Lothian.  The  first  of  the 
name  mentioned  by  Burke  is  Robert  Wau- 
chope,  A.D.  1387. 

WAUGH.  1.  A  Scottish  pronunciation 
of  wall.  2.  In  Lancashire,  wa"  or  wan  is 
a  well,  and  there  are  many  places  in  that 
county  called  the  "  wa'  (or  wau)  head," 
meaning  the  source  of  running  Avater.  3. 
A  corruption  of  Walugh,  perhaps  the  same 
as  the  Gaelic  Christian  name  Woloe.  The 
Waughs  of  Help,  co.  Roxburgh,  held  those 
lands  from  the  XIII.  to  the  XVII.  cent, 

WAWN.  The  provincial  pronunciation 
of  the  parish  of  ^7aghen,  in  Yorkshu-e. 

WAY.  Way,  via,  a  road,  seems  an  unsa- 
tisfactory origin.  In  the  Rotul.  Hund. 
there  is  mention,  however,  of  one  Hugo  in 
Via.  (Vol.  ii.  p.  331.)  The  name  is  found 
in  North  Devon,  temp.  Henry  VII. ;  and  in 
that  district  the  termination  nay  is  of  fre- 
quent occurrence  in  the  names  of  farms, 
homesteads,  and  the  like,  without  any  re- 
ference to,  or  connection  with,  roads.    The 


mullets  hauriant  in  the  arms  of  one  family 
have  been  supposed  to  be  allusive  to  the 
river  Wey,  co.  Dorset,  in  which  mullets 
are  abundant.  Ate-Wey  is  one  of  the 
forms  in  H.R.  It  may  be  an  old  baptismal 
designation,  as  Wege  or  Weghe  is  found  in 
Domesd.  as  the  name  of  a  tenant  anterior 
to  the  Survey. 

AVAYLAND.  1.  Wmjlande  is  an  ar- 
chaism for  valiant.  2.  A  hundred  in  Nor- 
folk is  so  called.  3.  Vtelund,  or  Wayland, 
is  a  Scandinavian  personal  name  of  great 
antiquity.  "Wayland  Smith,"  the  Vulcan 
of  the  North,  is  well  known  in  the  legen- 
dary history  of  the  middle  ages.  All  that 
could  be  collected  concerning  him,  is  found 
in  Singer's  interesting  volume  under  this 
title.     Lond.  1847. 

WAYLEN'.  This  name  is  spelt  in  a  va- 
riety of  ways  in  the  parish  register  of  St. 
James',  Devizes.  It  is  doubtless  a  corrup- 
tion of  Wayland,  a  name  sometimes  oc- 
curring in  that  neighbourhood  in  the  public 
records.  The  Irish  name  Whelan  is  pro- 
nounced in  the  same  manner  as  Waylen, 
adding  the  aspirate ;  but  it  is  of  course  to- 
tally distinct  in  origin.  Inf.  James  Waylen, 
Esq. 

WA.YMAISr.  Dutch,  luei/man,  a  hunter; 
one  who  chases  stags  and  deer  (betes 
fauves)  with  dogs.     Marin's  Diet. 

WAYMARK.     See  Wymark. 

WAYNFLEET.     See  Wainfleet. 

WAYRE.     See  Ware,  AVeir,  &c. 

WAYT.     WAYTE.     See  Walt. 

WEAKLEY.  Probably  local,  and  not 
referring  to  want  of  physical  robustness. 

WEAKLIN.     See  Wakley. 

WEALE.  Probably  a  very  old  Teutonic 
personal  name.  Y/ela  and  Welo  were  Old 
German  names  of  the  Vtll.  and  IX.  cen- 
turies. "  The  etymon  of  it  (and  not  an  in- 
appropriate one)  may  be  the  A-Sax.  7i-cla, 
wealth,  happiness,  prosperity."     Ferguson, 

WEALL.     See  AVeale. 

WEALTHY.     Prosperous,  rich. 

WEAR.  An  old  spelling  of  tveir,  a  fish- 
ing dam.     Bailey. 

AVEARG.     See  AVorge. 

AVEATHERALL.     See  AA^etherell. 

AVEATHERBY.  AVetherby,  a  town  in 
Yorkshire. 

AVEATHERDEN.     A  parish  in  Suffolk. 

WEATHERIIEAD.  1.  Local:  "the 
bleak  promontory  ?"  2.  Perhaps  a  corrup- 
tion of  AA''etherherd. 

AVEATHERHOG.  "  After  a  lamb  has 
been  weaned,  until  shorn  of  its  first  fleece, 
it  is  a  hoq(j  ...  a  tup-hogg,  ewe-hogg, 
or  n-cther ho ffff."  N.  &  Q.,  May  29,  185(5,  in 
an  article  on  the  popular  names  of  live 
stock  in  Scotland.  Halliwell  has  this 
rather  odd  definition:  "  AYetherhog,  a  male 


WEE 


375 


WEL 


or  lieder  hog.     Also  a  surname  ia  the 
county,"  (i.  e.,  Lincolnshire). 


AVEAVER. 
Textor. 


The    occupation.       H.R. 
ivebba,    a 


WEBB.     WEBBE.    A-Sax. 
weaver.     H.R.     Le  Webbe. 

"  My  wife  wns  a  webbe, 
And  wollen  cloth  made." 

Piers  Plowman,  i.  89. 

Above  140  traders  of  this  name  occur  in 
the  Lond.  Direct. 

WEBBER.    See  Weber. 

WEBER.  Germ.,  a  weaver.  The  indi- 
genous Webber  means  the  same  thing. 

WEB  LEY.  Weobley,  a  town  in  Here- 
fordshire. 

AVEBSTER.  A-Sax.  webhcstre,  a  female 
weaver.  See  the  termination  ster.  The 
following  lines  appear  to  imply  a  difference 
between  the  Webster  and  the  Weaver,  ac- 
cording to  the  material  wrought : — 

"  Balvsteres  and  brewesteres, 
And  bochiers  manye, 
Wollen  webbesters. 
And  weveres  of  lynnen." 

Piei-s  Plowman,  i,  14. 

The  baronet's  family  claim  from  John 
Webster,  of  Bolsover,  co.  Derby,  whose 
ancestor  is  said  to  have  come  over  from 
Flanders,  temp.  Richard  II.     B.L.G. 

WEDDERBURN.  This  ancient  sur- 
name is  derived  from  the  lands  of  Weddcr- 
burne,  in  Berwickshire.  The  head  of  the 
family  in  1296  was  Walter  de  Wedderburn, 
who  swore  fealty  in  that  year  to  Ed^^-^i'd  I. 

WEDGWOOD.  A  small  hamlet  in  Staf- 
fordshire gave  name  to  the  ancestors  of 
Wedgwood,  the  eminent  potter. 

WEDLAKE.  ]Mr.  Ferguson  derives 
this  name,  and  Wedlock,  from  an  Old  Ger- 
man personal  name  Widolaic. 

WEDLOCK.     The  same  as  Wedlake. 

WEEDING.     The  same  as  AVeedon. 

AVEEDON.  An  estate  in  co.  Bucks, 
possessed  by  the  family  temp.  Hen,  III. 
Also  two  parishes  in  Northamptonshire. 

AA'EEKES.  WEEKS.  The  same  as 
Wick,  which  see.  One  of  the  greatest 
liah'datsoi  this  name  was  the  neighbourhood 
of  Hastings,  though  the  precise  locality 
from  which  it  was  derived  is  unknown. 
Gualterus  Diaconus,  the  ancestor  of  the 
family  of  De  Hastings,  lords  of  the  barony 
of  Hastings,  held  a  knight's  fee  in  AVikes 
at  the  making  of  Domesday.  Ellis,  Introd. 
1.  42  L  AVikes,  AVyke,  Wykes,  AVix,  Wickcs, 
&c.,  seem  to  be  mere  orthographical  varia- 
tions. 

AA''EELEY.     A  parish  in  Essex. 

WEEMS.  A  fortalice  in  the  parish  of 
Rescobie,  in  Forfarshire,  called  the  castle 
of  AVeems,  once  of  considerable  importance, 
has  now  disappeared. 

AVEE:MYS.     See  Wemyss. 


A  parish  in   Norfolk — 


AA^EEAT'ER.     1.  A  township  in  Cheshire. 
2.  See  Weaver. 

AVEGG.     SeeAYagg. 

AVEIGIIT.     See  AVight. 

WEIGllTMAN.  See  AVaithman,  and 
AVightman. 

AVEIGIITON.     A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

AYEIR.  The  AVeirs  of  Lesmahago,  Black- 
wood, &c.,  in  Lanarkshire,  claim  descent 
from  the  great  baronial  family  of  De  Vere, 
having  been  founded  in  Scotland  by  Bal- 
tredus  de  Vere,  in  the  reign  of  Malcolm 
IV.,  about  the  middle  of  the  twelfth  cen- 
tury. From  documents  quoted  in  Cham- 
bers' Caledonia,  it  appears  that  the  name 
A^'ere,  or  Weir,  was  by  no  means  uncommon 
among  the  Norman  settlers  in  Scotland,  in 
that  century. 

It  is,  however,  probable,  that  some  fami- 
lies of  this  name  derive  it  from  residence 
at  a  weir,  or  fishing-dam,  in  a  river.  The 
Hundred  Rolls'  form.  At- Were,  strengthens 
this  etymology. 

AVELBANK.     Possibly  a  corruption  of 
Welbeck,  a  liberty  in  Nottinghamshire. 

AVELBORN. 

AVelborne. 

AVELBY.  "Of  great  antiquity  in  the 
county  of  Lincoln,  being  descended  from 
John,  Lord  of  Castleton,  who  was  living 
in  the  time  of  William  the  Conqueror,  and 
is  said  to  have  assisted  Robert  de  Todeni, 
Baron  of  Belvoir,  in  the  defence  of  his 
castle."  Courthope's  Debrett.  The  name 
would  api^ear  to  have  been  derived  from 
the  Lincolnshire  parish  so  called ;  and 
there  Sir  "William  Welby,  "  who  heads 
their  well-authenticated  pedigree,  un- 
doubtedly possessed  property  between  1307 
and  1327.  The  manor  of  Frieston,  Avith 
Poynton  Hall,  also  in  Lincolnshire,  was 
held  in  chief  by  Sir  Thomas  Welby,  a  still 
earlier  ancestor,  of  King  Henry  III.,  in 
1216."     Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

AVELCH.  AVELCHAIAN.  A  native  of 
Wales.  These  names  are  probably  of  rather 
recent  origin,  the  older  forms  being  Le 
Waleys,  Wallis,  &c. 

AA^ELD.  "Foxinded,"  says  Mr.  Shirley, 
"by  William  Weld,  sheriff  of  London  in 
1352."  His  posterity  were  seated  at  Eaton, 
CO.  Chester,  till  the  reign  of  Charles  II. 
Lulworth,  CO.  Dorset,  was  purchased  in 
1G41.     Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

An  old  tradition  deduces  the  family  from 
one  Edric  Sylvaticus,  or  "the  Wild;"  but 
the  name  is  far  more  probablj^  derived  from 
the  residence  of  its  first  bearer  in  some 
n-ald,  weald,  or  wood.  He  may  have  been 
properly  designated  '  Sylvaticus,'  without 
any  necessary  inference  that  he  was  a 
"  wild  man  of  the  woods." 


Great  and   Little   AYeldon 

CO.   Northampton.      The 

from  temp. 


AYELDON. 

arc  parishes   in 

name  is  of  record  in  Ireland 

Richard  II.     D'Alton. 


WEL 


376 


WELFARE.  Probably  from  Wifave,  or 
rather  Wulpher,  a  personal  name,  occurring 
in  Domesday. 

AVELFORD.  Parishes  in  cos.  Northamp- 
ton, Berks,  and  Gloucester. 

WELHAM.  A  parish  in  co.  Leicester, 
and  a  hamlet  in  co.  Nottingham. 

8^°  WELL.  The  termination  of  numerous 
surnames  of  the  local  class,  as  Bedwell, 
Creswell,  Faxwell,  Harewell,  Sit\vell, 
Trigwell,  Tugwell.  In  some  few  known 
instances  it  is  a  corruption  of  v'dle,  and 
consequently  of  Norman  or  French 
origin ;  thus  Boswell  was  anciently 
Bosville;  Fretwell,  Frescheville ;  Col- 
well,  Colville,  &c.  But  in  the  great 
majority  the  termination  'means  what 
it  says' — namely,  /(*«.•«,  origo.  Verstegan 
says  : — "  Our  ancestors,  according  to 
the  different  issue  of  waters,  did  dif- 
ferently term  them Sundry 

coming  to  possess  places  which  were 
near  unto  Wells  of  especial  note,  having 
gotten  thereby  the  name  of  such  or 
such  a  Well,  Ijecame  after  them  so  to 
be  called;  as  Staniwell,  of  his  dwelling 
at  a  well  so  named,  of  the  stoniness 
thereof;  Moswell,  of  a  well  where  much 
moss  did  grow."  Piestit.,  p.  327.  This 
is  not  strictly  correct.  Springs  and 
Wells  gave  names  in  many  instances  to 
places,  and  families  adopted  them  from 
those  places.  Sometimes  when  a  well 
bore  no  particular  name,  a  cottager  or 
small  proprietor  resideiit  near  at  hand 
would  get  the  name  of  Atte  Welle,  or 
De  la  Welle,  afterwards  shortened  and 
corrupted  to  Wells.  Both  Weller  and 
AVellman,  are  from  the  same  source. 
In  days  when  pumps,  to  say  nothing  of 
'  water-works,'  were  unknown,  a  public 
well  was  of  great  importance  in  every 
village,  and  hence  the  commonness  of 
the  name  of  Wells  and  its  congeners. 
Attwells,  and  its  contraction  Twells, 
with  Wellspring,  occur  in  the  Lond. 
Direct. 

Many  wells,  as  has  been  already  inti- 
mated, bore  some  characteristic  epithet, 
as  Blackwell,  Whitewell,  GreeuM-ell, 
Coldwell,  and  others  which  are  men- 
tioned in  their  proper  places.  Three 
others  with  still  more  expressive 
epithets,  which  have  also  become  sur- 
names, I  cannot  identify  in  the 
Gazetteer,  viz. : — Stilwell,  Leapiugwell, 
Loudwell. 

Other  languages  have  surnames  of 
the  same  kind.  Thus  Fr.  Du  Puy, 
Dupuis,  De  la  Fontaine;  Dutch,  Yan 
der  Put;  Ital.  Pozzi. 

The  common  latinization  is  De  Fon- 
tibus. 

WELLADVICE.  I  fotmd  tlils  name  in 
the  register  of  Charlton,  near  Woolwich. 
It  is  doubtless  a  corruption  of  '  well-ad- 
vised,' a  prudent,  cautious  person. 

WELLAND.  A  parlsli  in  AVoi-ccster- 
shire. 


WEM 

WELLARD.     The  same  as  Willard. 

WELLBY.     See  Welby. 

WELLBELOVED.  A  compHment  to 
the  excellence  of  the  patriarch  of  the  race. 
I  have  noticed  at  Dieppe,  in  Normandy,  its 
synonyme  in  Bienayme. 

WELLBORN,  Does  not  relate  to  good 
birth,  but  to  some  locality  called  Well- 
bourn — a  stream  running  from  a  well. 

WELLBOURNE.  Welborne,  a  parish 
in  Norfolk. 

WELLDON.     See  Weldon. 

WELLDONE.     See  Weldon. 

WELLER,  See  Well,  and  the  termina- 
tion ER. 

WELLESLEY.  This  great  family, 
"terque  quaterque  beati" — (if  having  three 
or  four  titles  in  the  peerage  may  bo 
so  construed) — derive  their  existing  name 
from  a  locality  called  Welesley,  in  Somer- 
setshire, which  county,  centuries  later,  sup- 
IDlied  to  the  hero  of  a  hundred  fights  the 
title  of  Duke  of  Wellington.  But  the  an- 
cient patron3'mic  of  the  race  is  Colley, 
Cowley,  or  Colly,  and  their  ancestor  settled 
in  Ireland  in  the  reign  of  King  Henry  YIII. 
from  tjie  county  of  Kutland,  The  maternal 
ancestor,  whose  descendant  took  the  name 
of  Wesley,  or  Wellesley,  in  the  earlier  part 
of  the  XVIII,  century,  was  standard- 
bearer  to  King  Henry  II.  in  1172,  and  re- 
ceived large  grants  in  the  counties  of  Meath 
and  Kildnre,  The  old  name  of  the  family 
was  Wesley,  and  Wellesley  is  only  a  com- 
paratively recent  resumption  of  the  original 
surname,  John  Wesley,  the  founder  of 
the  Methodists,  is  said  to  have  been  of  the 
same  stock, 

WELLING,  Ferguson  considers  this  to 
be  the  patronymic  of  a  personal  name. 
Well.  But  there  is  a  DeWellynge  in  H.R, 
CO.  Norfolk. 

WELLINGTON.  Parishes,  &c,,  in  cos. 
Salop,  Somerset,  Hereford,  and  Northum- 
berland, 

WELLMAN.     See  Welman. 

WELLOCK.     See  Whellock, 

WELLS.  1.  Towns  in  cos,  Somerset 
and  Noi-folk,  2.  A  pluralization  of  Well, 
which  see. 

WELLSPRING.     See  Well. 

AVELMAN.  Probably  "well-man.''  See 
Well,  and  the  termination  MAS'. 

AVELSH.  AVELSHMAN.  See  AVelch, 
AVelchman. 

AA'ELSTED.  Local  :  "  the  place  of  the 
well." 

AA^ELTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  North- 
ampton, A^ork,  Northumberland,  and 
Lincoln. 

AVEMYSS.  A  parish  in  Fifeshire.  This 
ancient  family  are  still  "  of  that  Ilk," 
AVemyss  Castle,  a  large  and  magnilicent 


WER 


377 


WES 


building,  being  the  abode  of  the  head  of 
the  family.     Blore  accounts  than  one  are 
given    of    the    origin    of    the    family    of 
Wemyss ;  but  all  agree  as  to  their  being 
derived  from  Macduff,  Maormor  of  Fife,  in 
the  reign  of  Malcolm  Canmoro.     They  are 
therefore  one   of  the  very   few   Lowland 
families  who,  through  tlie  male  line,  can 
claim    kindred    with   Celtic  blood.      The 
lands  now  forming  the  parish  of  Wemyss 
are  said  to  have  been  part  of  the  estate  of 
Macduff,  Sliakspeare's   well-known  Tliane 
of  Fife.  According  to  Sibbald,  Gillimichael, 
the  third  in  descent  from  Macduff,  had  a 
son  named  Hugo,  who  obtained  these  lands 
from  his   father.     .     .     The   present  pro- 
prietor  of  tlie  estate,   J.  H.    E.  Wemyss, 
Esq.,  is  twenty-sixth  in  direct  descent  from 
Hugo,    the    son    of    Gillimichael."      Gaz. 
Scot].       Anotlier     statement    makes    the 
originator     of    the     family     Michael     de 
Wemyss,  second  son  of  Duncan,  lifth  Earl 
of  Fife,  who  died  in  1165.     Tlie   Earl   of 
Wemyss  descends  from  a  younger  son. 

At  Wem3'ss  Castle  is  preserved  with 
great  care  a  silver  basin,  which  was  given 
in  1290  by  the  King  of  Norway  to  Sir 
Michael  AVemyss,  on  the  occasion  of  that 
personage  ancl  Sir  Michael  Scott,  of  Bal- 
■wearie,  appearing  at  the  Norwegian  court, 
as  ambassadors  froni  Scotland  to  bring 
home  the  Princess  Margaret. 

WENBAN.     A  corruption  of  Wimborne, 

CO.  Dorset. 
WEISTBORNE.     A  corruption  of  AVim- 

borne,  co.  Dorset. 

WENHAM.  Wenbam  Hall,  co.  Suffolk, 
Avas  the  seat  of  the  family  at  an  early 
period.  The  Wenhams  of  Sussex  settled 
there  from  the  former  county  in  the  XV. 
century. 

WENLOCK.  A  town  in  Shropshire, 
where  the  family  flourished  temp.  Edwd.  I. 
H.R. 

AVENMAISr.  A-Sax.  wmi,  wa^on,  and 
man.    A  wagoner.    See  under  Wainwright. 

WENSLEY.  A  famous  dale  in  York- 
shire, and  a  township  in  co.  Derby. 

WENTWORTH.  A  cliapelry  in  the 
parish  of  Wath-upon-Dearn,  co.  York. 
The  estate  is  said  to  have  been  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  family  before  tlie  Norman 
Conquest.  The  name  is  written  in  Domes- 
day, Winterwade,  and  in  the  XIII.  century 
it  was  changed  to  AVyntword.  The  male 
line  continued  at  AVentworth  until  the  ex- 
tinction of  the  earldom  of  Strafford  in  the 
XA'"III.  century  ;  and  the  existing  AA^ent- 
worth,  of  AA^cntworth  Castle,  is  descended 
from  the  family  on  the  female  side. 

Reginald  de  AVintrewade,  or  AVeutworth, 
was  contemporary  with  the  compilation  of 
Domesday. 

WERE.     See  Weir. 

AA^ERGB.     The  same  as  AA^orge.     It  was 
formerly  written  Wearg,  AVirge,  &c. 

AA^ERK.     Some  work  or  Iniilding. 
o  B 


AVESLEY.  Mr.  Ferguson  derives  this 
name  from  the  Old  Norse  veslegr,  miser- 
able ;  but  there  can  be  no  doubt  whatever 
of  its  local  origin,  from  one  of  the  places 
called  AVestley,  in  cos.  Cambridge,  Suffolk, 
Salop,  and  elsewhere ;  though  the  family 
of  Jolin  AA''esley,  the  founder  of  the  ism 
that  bears  his  name,  was  of  common 
origin  with  the  AVeliesleys.  AVellesley  is 
indeed  a  recent  resumption  of  the  original 
name. 

I  believe  that  Lord  Mornington,  father 
of  the  late  Duke  of  AVellington,  wrote 
himself  AVesley  in  his  earlier  years. 

AVE  ST.  See  under  North.  The  noble 
family  (Earl  Delawarr),  traced  by  Collins 
to  temp.  Edw.  II.,  at  that  period  wrote 
themselves  De  West;  not,  it  appears,  from 
any  place  so  called,  but  from  their  large 
possessions  in  theAA''cst  of  England. 

]\Ir.  Shirley  obsei'ves  that,  "  the  AA''ests 
are  remarkable,  not  so  much  for  the  an- 
tiquity of  tlie  family,  as  for  the  early  period 
at  which  they  attained  the  honour  of  the 
peerage.  Sir  Thomas  AA^'est,  the  first  re- 
corded ancestor,  died  17.  Edward  II.,  having 
married  the  heiress  of  Cantilupe,  and  thus 
become  possessed  of  lands  in  Devonshire 
and  AVarwickshire.  His  grandson,  Thomas, 
married  the  heiress  of  De  la  AVarr,  and 
thus  became  connected  with  Sussex.  Few 
families  had  broader  lands."  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men. 

AA'ESTALL.      Probably    Westhall,    co. 

Suffolk. 

WESTBROOK.  A  tything  in  co. 
Berks. 

AVESTBURY.  Parishes  and  places  in 
cos.  AAllts,  Bucks,  Gloucester,  Salop, 
Hants,  Somerset,  &c. 

AA^ESTBY.  A  township  in  Lancashire. 
The  family  assert  a  Saxon  descent,  and  say 
that  they  were  settled  in  the  hundred  of 
Amounderness,  in  that  county,  before  the 
Conquest:  but  the  first  member  of  the 
family  mentioned  in  the  pedigree  is  Gilbert 
de  AA'estby,  sheriff"  of  Lancashire  in  1233. 

WESTCOTT.  AVESTCOTE.  Parishes, 
&c.,  in  Gloucester,  Berks,  Bucks,  &c. 

AVESTENRA.  Lord  Rossmore's  family 
spring  from  a  very  ancient  race  in  Holland. 
They  were  naturalized  in  Ireland  temp. 
Charles  II.     Peerage. 

AVESTERDALE.  A  parish  In  York- 
shire. 

AVESTERMAN.  '  AA'^estern  man'  — a 
native  of  the  AVest. 

AVESTERN.  See  Points  of  the  Com- 
pass. 

AVESTERTON.    A  township  In  Dm-ham. 

WESTGATE.    See  under  Eastgate.    De 


AVestgate. 


H.R. 


AVESTIIORPE.     A  parish  In  Sufiblk. 

AVESTLAKE.     Sec  Points  of  the  Com- 
pass. 


WET 


378 


WHE 


■\Vi:STLEY.  Parishes,  Re,  in  cos. 
Cambridge,  Suffolk,  and  Salop. 

WESTMACOTT.  1.  This  "was  pro- 
bably the  A-Sax.  term  for  a  banker  or 
money-lender,  from  woestm,  interest  or 
usury,  and  scot  or  sceat,  money.  For 
examples  of  the  compound  word,  Westm- 
sccat,  see  Bosworlh's  Diet."  Talbot's  Eng- 
lish Etj^mologies.  2.  Westmancoate,  a 
hamlet  in  co.  Worcester. 

WESTMARLAND.  From  the  county, 
Westmoreland. 

WESTJ\10RE.  Local :  "  the  western 
moor." 

WESTMORELAN.  From  Westmore- 
land. 

WESTON.  The  English  gazetteers  give 
about  fifty  jDarishes  and  hamlets  of  this 
name,  which  signifies  simply  '  the  westei'n 
enclosure,'  and  corresponds  with  Easton, 
Norton,  and  Sutton.  From  divers  of  these, 
some  of  the  families  of  Weston  have  sprung ; 
but  the  widely-spread  Westons  of  Surrey 
and  Sussex  are  descended  from  the  house 
of  De  Wistoneston,  or  Wiston,  of  Wiston, 
CO.  Sussex,  Weston  also  occurs  as  a  per- 
sonal name  in  the  VIII.  century — "Alfred, 
the  son  of  Weston."  Wright's  Biog.  Brit. 
A-Sax.  period,  p.  2(3S. 

WESTOVER.  A  district  in  the  New 
Forest,  co.  Hants. 

WESTPHAL.  A  native  of  Westphalia, 
in  Germany. 

WESTPHALING.     The  same  as  West- 

phal. 
WESTRON.     The  same  as  Western. 

WESTROPP.  The      family      claim 

from  John  Westropp,  son  and  heir  of 
Edward  Westropp,  temp.  King  John. 
They  settled  in  Ireland  in  the  XVII. 
century.  B.L.G.  does  not  indicate  the 
locality  in  which  they  originated,  but  the 
name  is  obviously  local,  and  signifies,  like 
Westhorpe,  "the  western  village." 

WESTRUPP.     See  Westropp. 

WESTWOOD.  Parishes  in  cos.  Wor- 
cester and  Wilts. 

WETHERDEN.  A  parish  in  Suffolk. 
H.R.  CO.  Norfolk,  temp.  Edward  I. 

WETHERELL.  WETHERALL. 

WETHERILIj.  Almost  all  the  families 
of  this  name  trace  to  the  county  of  Dur- 
ham, and  there  is  little  doubt  of  their 
derivation  from  Wetheral,  co.  Cumberland, 
remarkaljle  for  its  priory. 

WETHERFIELD.  Wethersfield,  a 
parish  in  Essex. 

WETHERIIERD.  A  shepherd— one 
who  took  care  of  wether-shecp.  Tliis  name 
is  ancient,  occuiring  temp.  Edward  I. 

WETHERLEY.  A  hundred  in  Cam- 
bridgeshire. 

WETTEN.     See  Wetton. 


WETTENHALL.  A  township  in  Che- 
shire. 

WETTON.     A  parish  in  Staffordshire. 

WEVER.     See  Weaver. 

WEY.  Rivers  in  Surrey  and  Dorset- 
shire. 

WEYLAND.  An  ancient  Norfolk  family, 
"  whose  name  implies  wet  land,"  says 
B.L.G. ;  though  I  should  call  it  a  simple 
variation  of  Wayland.  The  Weylauds  had 
large  possessions  in  Norfolk,  temp.  Ed- 
ward I. 

WEYMOUTH.     A  town  in  co.  Dorset, 

WHALE.  1.  See  Wale.  2.  A  sobriquet 
allusive  to  largeness  of  person.  Whale- 
bell}'  is  a  recognized  surname. 

WHALEBELLY.     See  Whale, 

WHALEBONE,     The  hundred  In  which 

Brighton,  co.  Sussex,  lies,  is  called  Whales- 
bone,  corruptly  from  Well's-bourne — from  a 
stream  which  formerly  traversed  it,  and  had 
its  source  at  Patcham  Well, 

WHALEY.     See  Whalley. 

WHALLEY,  A  great  parish  in  York- 
shire, where  the  ancestors  of  the  baronet 
resided  in  the  last  century,  Courthope's 
Debrett. 

AVHARTON.  Townships  in  Cheshire 
and  Westmoreland. 

WHARRAM.  Two  parishes  In  York- 
shire are  so  designated. 

WHATELEY,  A  chapelry  in  the  parish 
of  Cuddesden,  co.  Oxford,  more  usually 
written  Wheatley. 

WHATLEY,  A  parish  in  Somerset- 
shire. 

WHATMAN.  An  ancient  baptismal 
name.  A  Wateman  de  London  occurs  in 
Domesday,  as  a  previous  tenant ;  and  the 
name  is  otherwise  spelt  Whateman  and 
Hwateman.  In  the  middle  ages,  the  family 
dwelt  in  Kent,  near  Eomney  and  Hawk- 
burst,  and  left  much  land  to  monastic  es- 
tablishments. According  to  B.L.G.  the 
Whatmaus  ranked  "  amongst  the  inde- 
pendent yeomen  of  Kent."  We  must  bear 
in  mind  that,  in  old  times,  that  phrase 
designated  a  A'ery  wealthy  and  influential 
class  of  persons.  Hence  the  oft-quoted 
proverb  : — 

"  A  Knight  of  Cales,  a  Gentleman  of  Wales, 
And  a  Lairtlof  the  North  Countre'e; 
A  Yemnan  of  Kent  iWth  his  yearly  rent, 
Will  buy  them  out  all  three." 

Fuller's  Worthies,  ii.  121. 

WHEAL,  A  Cornish  word  (^"'elj 
signifying  a  mine. 

WHEATCROFT.  Local  :  "  the  enclo- 
sure where  wheat  grows." 

WHEATLEY.  Parislies  and  places  in 
cos.  Oxon,  Lancaster,  Nottingham,  &c. 

WHEATSTONE.     See  Whetstone, 

WHEEL,  Wheal  (huelj  is  the  Cornish 
word  for  a  mine,  as  Wheal  Mary,  Wheal 


WHI 


379 


WHI 


Jewell,  Wheal  Fortune,  &c.  The  first 
bearer  of  the  surname  probably  resided 
near  some  tin  or  lead  mine. 

WHEELDON.  Perhaps  Wheelton,  a 
township  in  Lancashire. 

WHEELER.  In  many  dialects  signifies 
wheelwright.  This  English  surname  has 
undergone  a  singular  change  in  Normandy. 
M.  de  Gerville  says  :  "  The  name  of 
Houelleur  which  means  '  charron  '  [cart- 
wright]  in  English,  is  as  common,  at  least 
in  the  Cotentin,  as  that  of  Carron  or  Char- 
ron. I  imagine  that  it  was  introduced 
into  Normandy  during  the  thirty-two  years' 
occupation  of  this  country  by  the  English. 
The  English  orthography  is  very  different 
from  ours,  namely,  Wheeler :  it  literally 
signifies  a  maker  of  wheels."  Memoires 
Soc.  Antiq.  Normandie,  IS-td. 

WHEELTOiSr.  A  township  in  Lan- 
cashire. 

WHEELWRIGHT.  Originally  a  maker 
of  wheels  only — afterwards,  as  at  present, 
one  who  constructs  wagons,  carts,  and 
other  carriages.  We  have  the  cognate 
names  Waiuwriglit,  Cartwright,  &c. 

WHELDON.     See  Weldon. 

WHELER.     See  Wheeler. 

WHELLOCK.  A  corruption  of  Whee- 
lock,  CO.  Chester. 

WHELOCK.     Wheelock,  a  township  in 

Cheshire. 

AYHETSTONE.  A  parish  in  co.  Leices- 
ter, and  a  hamlet  in  the  parish  of  Tides- 
well,  CO.  Derby. 

WHETTO^.     See  Wetton. 

AVHEWELL.         Whewell     Grange    in 

Staffordshire,  sometimes  written  Hewell,  is 
known  in  history  as  the  place  where  some 
of  the  conspirators  of  the  Powder  Plot  took 
refuge  in  1605.  It  has  been  remarked  of 
this  name,  that  it  is  viore  easily  n-Jdstled 
iJian  sjmken !  The  initial  W  is,  however, 
rarely  pronounced. 

WHIBLEY.  From  Weobley,  a  town  in 
Herefordshire. 

WHICHCOTE.  The  baronet's  family 
spring  from  William  de  Whichcote,  of 
Whichcote  in  Shropshire,  who  was  living 
in  1255.  A  marriage  with  the  heiress  of 
Tyrwhitt  removed  the  family  into  Norfolk 
temp.  Edward  IV.  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men. 

WHICKER.     Sec  Wicker. 

WHIDDINGTON.  V/iddington,  a 
parish  in  Essex,  and  a  township  in  York- 
shire. 

AYHILE.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Wild. 

WHDIPER.  Perhaps  from  Quimper, 
a  large  town  in  Brittany,  In  early  names 
of  French  origin,  W  and  Qu  are  sometimes 
convertible. 


WHINES.  1.  A  hamlet  in  Forfarshire. 
2.  Perhaps  the  genitive  form  of  Wine,  an 
A-Sax.  baptismal  name. 

WHIPHAM.  Perhaps  a  contraction  of 
Whippingham,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight. 

WHIPPY''.  The  name  probably  of  some 
locality. 

WHIRLPENNY.  One  Ralph  Whirle- 
peni  occurs  in  H.Il.  Qu  :  was  he  a 
gambler  ? 

WHISHAW.     An  estate  in  the  parish  of 

Camhusnethan  in  Lanarkshire. 

WHISKER.      WHISKERS.      As    we 

have  in  our  nomenclature  a  great  number 
of  names  evidently  referring  to  shape, 
complexion,  the  beard,  and  other  personal 
characteristics,  this  name  might,  jji'lma 
FACIE,  appear  to  have  originated  from  the 
facial  ornaments  of  the  gentleman  who 
first  assumed  or  bore  it;  but  if  we  look 
into  the  history  of  the  n-mrl,  we  shall  find 
it  verj'  insufficient  in  point  of  antiquity  to 
warrant  sucli  a  conclusion.  The  fact  seems 
to  be,  that  until  quite  a  recent  period — long 
posterior  to  the  assumption  of  surnames — 
the  ivldsker,  as  now  understood,  was  re- 
garded as  a  mere  adjunct  or  tributary  of 
the  beard.  Indeed,  there  was  no  necessity 
for  any  distinction  imtil  the  absurd  and 
unnatural  practice  of  shaving  came  into 
vogue.  Long  after  that  epoch — to  wit,  in 
the  days  of  Dr.  Sam.  Johnson— the  word 
ovliislier  meant,  not  the  hair  of  the  cheek, 
but  "  the  hair  growing  upon  the  upper  lip; 
the  mustachio."  (Diet.)  Now,  the  lexi- 
cographer derives  wIdsJter  from  '  whisk,' 
"a  small  besom  or  brush,"  which  the  facial 
whisker  of  our  time  sufficiently  resembles, 
when  unaccompanied  by  the  chin-beard. 
But  the  true  origin  of  the  name  has  nothing 
to  do  with  a  face,  be  the  same  hirsute  or 
smooth,  but  refers  to  the  honest  and  neces- 
sary occupation  of  the  wash-tub ;  for  Dr, 
Bos  worth  informs  us  that  ivascere  signifies, 
in  modern  English,  '  a  washer,'  a  man  or 
woman  as  the  case  (or  gender  rather)  might 
be,  who  cleansed  dirty  linen.  This  origin 
is  supported  by  the  more  modern  surnames 
Washer  and  Lavender ;  though  perhaps  the 
ante-Domesday  personal  name  Wisgar,  or 
Wiscar,  may  have  a  better  claim. 

WHISLER.     See  Whistler. 

WHIST.  Possibly  from  Uist,  one  of  the 
Hebrides. 

WHLSTLER.  A  man  much  addicted  to 
whistling  would  I'eadily  acquire  this  name. 

WHISTOX.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Lancaster,  Northampton,  Stafford,  York- 
shire, and  Worcester  are  so  called,  and 
from  one  or  other  of  them  the  surname  is 
probably  derived,  though  Jtr.  Ferguson 
considers  it  to  be  the  A-Sax.  personal  name 
Wistan. 

WHITAKER.  1.  "The  Whitakers  of 
High  Wliitaker,  an  old-established  family, 
were  originally  Whitacres  of  Whitacre,  in 
the  vills  of  i'adiham  and  Simonstone." 
Folks  of  Shields,  p.  22.     2.  Two  parishes 


WHI 


380 


WHI 


ia  Warwickshire  are  so  called.  3.  Mr. 
Ferguson  considers  it  to  be  tlie  same  name 
as  AVihtgar,  borne  by  a  nephew  of  Cerdic, 
King  of  the  West  Saxons. 

WHITBREAD.  WHITEBREAD.  The 

letter  r  is  very  apt  to  change  places  with 
the  vowel  preceding  or  following  it ;  thus, 
the  0.  Eng.  hrid  has  become  Mrd,  and 
frth,  an  estuary,  is,  among  Southrons, 
frith.  In  lilve  manner,  the  last  syllable  of 
this  word  wns  perhaps  originally  herd,  tliat 
is,  beard.  Thus  Whitebread  would  be  a 
sobriquet,  lilce  Silverlock,  Redhead,  &c. 
See,  however,  'Blancpain.'  Withred 
occurs  in  the  Hundred  Rolls;  and  in  11. 
Edward  I.  we  meet  with  the  names  Will. 
Milkanbred,  and  Walter,  son  of  AVill.  Blilk 
and  bred!  N.  &  Q.,  Jan.  24,  1857.  Tlie 
notorious  murderer,  Eugene  Aram,  heroized 
by  a  modern  novelist,  was  usher,  in  1744, 
to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Painblanc,  in  Piccadilly. 

AVHITBY.     A  town  in  Yorkshire. 

WHITCHER.       1.     A     corruption     of 

Whitchurch.     2.  See  Wicher. 
WHITCHURCH.     See  T^'^litechurch. 

WHITCOMBE.  Parishes  in  cos.  Dorset 
and  Gloucester. 

WHITE.  Of  light  or  fair  complexion, 
corresponding  with  the  Fr.  Le  Blond,  the 
Gaelic  Bane,  the  Ital.  Biondi,  the  Dutch  De 
Witt,  the  Germ.  Weiss,  and  the  old  classical 
Candidus,  Chlorus,  &c.  The  Loud.  Direct, 
shews  almost  300  traders  of  this  name.  In 
the  H.R.  it  is  latinized  Albus. 

J.  Yonge  Akerman,  Esq.,  late  Sec.  S.  A., 
has  suggested  to  me,  that  the  name  is  far 
too  common  to  allow  of  the  supposition 
that  it  is  derived  solely  from  complexion, 
especially  since  the  antithetical  Black  bears 
no  proportion  for  numerousness — occurring 
in  the  above-mentioned  repertory  of  names 
in  the  proportion  of  only  one  to  ten.  The 
Browns  might  be  called  in  as  allies  of  the 
Blacks,  when  the  scale  would  be  turned  in 
favour  of  the  dark  complexion ;  yet  still  I 
think  Mr.  Akerman  is  correct  in  the  sup- 
position that  the  name  AVhite  is  sometimes 
derived,  not  from  A-Sax.  liivit  (albus),  but 
from  hrcita,  a  sharpener,  swordsmith,  or 
armourer,  and  one  Thurcil  Hwita,  men- 
tioned in  a  document  of  the  time  of  Canute 
(Codex  Dipl.),  might  be  cited  on  that  side, 
as  well  as  in  proof  of  the  great  antiquity 
of  the  surname.  Nisbet  says  :  "  As  for 
the  antiquity  of  the  name.  Sir  James 
Dalrymple  observes  one  Viniet  Albus,  wit- 
ness in  a  charter  of  King  Edgar  to  the 
church  of  Durliam,  who  perhaps  may  be 
the  first  of  the  surname  of  AVhite." 

AVHITECHURCU.  Parishes  called 
AA'hitchurch  exist  in  cos.  Buckingham, 
Devon,  Glamorgan,  Hereford,  Oxford, 
Pembroke,  Salop,  Somerset,  Hants,  and 
AA^aruick. 

AVHITEFOOT.  Wight  or  wicht  is  O. 
Eng.  and  Scot,  for  )iowerful  and  active. 
Hence  the  name  would  signify  a  person 
strong  and  swift  of  foot. 

WHITEFORD.         "The    first    of  this 


family."  says  Nisbet,  "  was  Walter  d 
AA''hiteford,  who,  for  his  good  services  don^ 
at  the  battle  of  the  Largs,  in  the  reign  o 
King  Alexander  III.,  under  the  command 
of  yVlexander  Seneschal,  High-Steward  of 
Scotland,  got  from  him  the  lands  of  AA''hite- 
foord  near  Paisly,  in  the  shire  of  Ren- 
frew." 

AVHITEGIFT.     See  Whitgift. 

WHITEHALL.  This  name,  more  an- 
ciently written  AVhitehaugh,  appears  to 
have  been  derived  from  a  place  so  called 
in  Staffordshire. 

AVHITEHEAD.  ].  This  common  sur- 
name is  doubtless  derived  from  the  hoary 
locks  of  its  original  bearer.  The  Annals 
of  the  Four  Masters  mention  an  Irishman 
of  distinction  wlio  was  known  as  "  Col- 
gan  of  the  AA''hite  Head,"  from  this  per- 
sonal peculiarity.  The  Fr.  Blancheteste  is 
synonymous.  2.  Local:  '"the  white  pro- 
montory." 

AAailTEHILL.  Villages,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Ediuburgh,  Kincardine,  Banff,  and  Lanark. 

AVHITEHORN.  A  town  and  parish  in 
CO.  AA'^igton,  now  written  without  the  E. 

AATIITEHORSE.  Camden,  speaking  of 
surnames  derived  from  signs  of  inns  and 
houses,  mentions  "  George  at  the  AVhite- 
horse"  as  an  individual  living  near  his  own 
times,  who  had  been  so  called  from  his 
sign.  The  Henry  Blaunchival  (Fr.  ilatio 
chevaT)  of  the  H.R.  probably  took  his  name 
from  the  colour  of  his  horse. 

AA^PHTEHOUSE.  A  village  in  the 
parish  of  Tough,  co.  Aberdeen. 

AA'^HITELxiAV.  One  of  the  Cheviot 
hills  is  so  called.  "  Several  of  this  name 
are  mentioned  in  the  Ragman  Roll ;  and  in 
the  reign  of  King  James  III.  one  Archi- 
bald AVhitelaw  was  an  eminent  prelate, 
and  secretary  of  state  to  that  king."  Nisbet. 

AATIITELEGG.  Has  no  reference  to 
crural  whiteness,  but  is  the  modern  form 
of  a  very  ancient  personal  name,  AA'^ihtlaig, 
which  is  found  in  the  genealogy  of  the 
Mercian  kings. 

AVIHTELEY.     See  AVhitley. 

AA^HITELOCK.     WHITLOCK.     From 

the  n-hite   lochs   of  the    primitive   bearer. 
Comp.  Silverlock,  Blacklock,  &o. 

AA'HITEINLVN.  Possibly  the  antithesis 
of  Blackman;  but  more  probably  the  same 
as  AVightman. 

AA'HITER.  1.  One  who  whittles. 
Jamieson.     2.  A  bleacher? 

AA'HITESIDES.  Probably  from  some 
personal  peculiarity.  In  the  H.R.  of  temp. 
Edw.  I.  there  is  a  "  Ricnrdus  Blawnc- 
Coste."     AVhitside  also  occurs  there. 

AVHITFELD.  See  Whitfield,  for  locali- 
ties. The  AVhitfelds  of  Kent  and  Sussex 
descend  from  AVilliam  de  AVhitfeld,  or  AVliit- 
field,  of  AVhitfield  Hall,  in  Northumber- 
land, who  flourished  in  the  XIV.  century. 


will 


381 


WIC 


AVHITFIELD.  WHITEFIELD. 

Parishes   and   places  in  cos.   Derbj',  Kent, 
Northampton,  and  Northumberland. 

WHITFORD.     A  parish  in  Flintshire. 
WHITGIFT.     A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

WHITGREAVE.  Whitgreave,  a  town- 
ship in  Staffordshire,  gave  name  to  this 
family.  In  the  reign  of  Henry  III.,  Robert 
Whitgreave,  the  first  recorded  ancestor,  re- 
sided at  Burton,  near  Stafford.  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

For  a  grant  of  arms  from  Humphrey,  Earl  of 
StafforcT,  to  Robert  Whitsveve,  20.  Henry  VI.  see 
Camden's  Remains,  Edit.  1657.  Tlie  arms  are  based 
on  those  of  Stafford  ;  and  an  "  augmentation  "  re- 
cently acquired,  "  a  rose  within  a  wreath  of  oak"  re- 
fers to  Tliomas  Whitgreave's  Iiaving  sheltered  Chas. 

II.  after  the  battle  of  Worcester. 

WHITHAIR.  From  the  lolnte  hair  of 
the  first  of  the  name.  Comp.  Whitelock, 
Farrar,  Blount,  Blacklock,  &c. 

WHITING.  Tlie  patronymical  form  of 
White.     Comp.  Browning. 

WHITLEY.  Townships,  hamlets,  &c., 
in  cos.  Northumlierland,  Berks,  Somerset, 
Salop,  Chester,  and  York. 

WHITMILL.  A  corruption  either  of 
Kidte  mill,  or  of  mlieat  mill. 

WHITMORE.  The  family  were  seated  at 
Whitmore,  or  Whittimere,  iu  the  ]5arish  of 
Claverley,  co.  Salop,  in  the  reign  of  Henry 

III.  From  them  sprang  the  Whitmores  of 
Apley,  who  raised  themselves  to  import- 
ance by  commerce  iu  the  reign  of  Eliza- 
beth. Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 
The  Whitmores  of  Cheshire  do  not  appear 
to  have  had  any  connection  with  this 
family,  though  the  Heralds  have  assigned 
to  them  arms  of  a  similar  character,  with 
a  crest  allusive  to  the  springing  of  a  young 
shoot  out  of  an  old  stock.  Blakeway's 
Sheriffs  of  Shropshire. 

WHITNEY.     A  parish  in  Herefordshire. 

WHITSTER.  This  name  looks  like  the 
feminine  of  Whiter.  See  termination 
STER.  If  so,  it  should  mean  a  bleacher  ; 
but  Halliwell  says,  that  it  is  an  eastern 
provincialism  for  a  whitesmith. 

WHITTAKER.     See  Whitaker. 
WHITTEN.     See  Whitton. 

WHITTEMORE.  The  same  as  Yvhit- 
more. 

WHITTINGHAM.  A  parish  in  Nor- 
thumberland, a  township  in  Lancashire, 
and  a  parish  in  Haddingtonshire. 

AVHITTINGTON.  Parishes  and  town- 
ships in  cos.  Stafford,  Worcester,  Salop, 
Lancaster,  Gloucester,  Derbj-^,  &c. 

WHITTLE.  There  are  five  townships 
bearing  this  singular  name,  two  of  which 

■  are  in  Lancashire,  two  in  Northumberland, 
and  one  in  Derbyshire. 


WHITTOCK.      1, 

'  white'  and  '  oak.' 


Perhaps   local,   from 
2.  Wiltich,  an  ancient 


personal  name,  attributed  to  a  Teutonic 
mythical  personage.  3.  Mr.  Ferguson 
makes  it  a  duniimtive  of  White. 

WHITTON.  There  are  parishes,  &(;., 
so  called  in  cos.  Lincoln,  Durham,  Here- 
ford, Northumberland,  Salop,  Suft'olk,  &c. 

WHITTY.  Considered  by  Ferguson  as 
a  diminutive  of  White. 

WHITWELL.  There  are  pla<;es  so 
called  in  cos.  Derby,  Norfolk,  Rutland, 
Hants,  York,  and  Durham. 

WHIT  WORTH.  Chapelriesm  Durham 
and  Lancashire. 

The  Whitworths  of  co.  Durham  were  de- 
scendants of  the  Shaftos  of  Northumber- 
land. Slogans  of  the  North  of  England, 
p.  xvii. 

WHOWALL.  Probably  the  same  as 
WhewelJ. 

WHYATT.     See  Wyatt. 

WIIYIMARK.     See  Wymark. 

WIIYTALL.     See  Whitehall. 

WHYTE.  The  Scottish  form  of  White. 
The  Whytes,  anciently  free  barons  in  the 
shires  of  Fife,  Perth,  &c.,  are  said  to  have 
sprung  from  the  noble  family  of  Le  Blanc 
in  France.     B.L.G. 

WHYTEHEAD.     See  Whitehead. 

AVHYTOCK.     See  Whittock. 

WIATT.     See  Wyatt. 

WICH.     WICHE.     See  Wyche. 

WICIIER.  A  icych  is  a  salt  spring,  and 
a  dweller  near  such  a  spring  would,  in  the 
XIII.  or  XIV.  century,  readily  acquire  the 
surname  De  La  Wyche,  At  Wych,  or 
Wycher.     See  termination  EK. 

WICK.  This  syllable  is  found  in 
many  names  of  places,  and  consequently 
in  many  local  surnames;  as  Inderwick, 
Markwick,  Stredwick,  Padwick,  Rud- 
wick,  Wickham,  Wicksteed,  Wickfield. 
It  is  the  A-Sax.  ivic  or  n-yc,  and  is  of 
a  very  wide  signification,  implying 
dwelling-place,  mansion,  borough,  vil- 
lage, street  (Lat.  vicus,  with  which  it  is 
doubtless  connected),  monastery,  castle, 
camp  or  military  station,  bay,  creek,  &c. 
In  local  nomenclature,  however,  it  ge- 
nerally implies  a  habitatiou,  or  a  vil- 
lage, and  sometimes,  according  to  Prof. 
Leo,  marshland.  Several  parishes  iu 
England  and  Scotland  are  designated 
by  this  word  without  any  qualifying 
addition.  Week  and  AVyke  are  other 
forms  of  it. 

WICK.  Places  so  called  are  found  in 
cos.  Worcester,  Sussex,  Somer.set,  Caithness, 
&c.,  &c. 

WICK  EN.  Parishes  in  cos.  Cambridge, 
Northampton,  aud  Essex. 

WICKENS    (Wilkins.)  See  AVilliam. 

WICKENDEN.     See  termination  den. 


WID 


382 


WIG 


WICKER.  1.  See  Wick,  and  the  termi- 
nation ER.     2.  A-Sax.  wicca,  a  wizard. 

WICKESON.  A  corruption  of  Wilkin- 
son.     See  William. 

WICKERSON.  A  corruption  of  Wil- 
kinson.    So  Dickerson  from  Dickinson. 

WTCKHAM.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Suflblk,  Kent,  Gloucester,  Essex,  Hants, 
Berks,  Lincoln,  Oxford,  Cambridge,  &c. 

WICKING.  May  be  the  same  as  Wick- 
ens,  i.  e.,  Wilkins,  from  William.  But 
Domesday  shews  us  a  Wikiugus  before  the 
Conquest— perhaps  a  descendant  of  one 
of  the  Northman  Vikingr,  or  sea-kings. 
This  is  rendered  exceedingly  probable  by 
Bosworth's  definition  of  Wlcing  or  wiceng, 
which  is  "a  heathen  pirate,"  or  "viking;" 
and  the  phrase  "  iviciiiff-sceatha'^  was  the 
ordinary  name  of  a  pirate  or  sea-robber. 
See  also  Sharon  Turner's  Hist.  Ang.-Sax. 
iv.  10,  note.  Hence  the  Wickings  and 
Wickenses  may  be  descendants,  not  of  some 
vulgar  William  of  the  fourteenth  century, 
but  of  a  great  Nortliman  sea-Icing  of  the 
eighth  or  ninth  ! 

WICKLIFFE.     See  WjclifFe. 

AVICKS.     See  Weekes. 

WICKSTED.  An  ancient  family  in 
Cheshire,  who  resided  on  the  manor  of 
Wicksted,  and  took  their  name  from  it. 
See  B.L.G. 

WICKSTEED.     See  Wicksted. 

WrCKWAR.  A  parish  in  Gloucester- 
shire. 

WIDDOWSON.  WIDDERSON. 

WIDDESON.     See  Widowson. 

WIDDRINGTON.  An  ancient  Border 
family,  said  to  have  been  settled  at  Wid- 
drington  Castle,  co.  Northumberland,  before 
the  Conquest.  They  figure  largely  in  tlie 
feuds  between  the  English  and  the  Scots, 
as  well  as  in  the  cause  of  the  Stuart  family 
from  the  time  of  Charles  I.  down  to  1715; 
and  this  latter  partizanship,  though  it 
brought  them  a  coronet,  ultimately  robbed 
them  of  tlacir  lands. 

What  schoolboy  is  there  wlio  has  not 
lamented  over  what  may  truly  be  called 
the  iootless  zeal  of  one  of  this  house,  who 
fought  at  the  Battle  of  Chevy-Chace  ? 

"For  Widdrin.eton  needs  must  I  wayle, 
As  one  in  doleful  dumpes ; 
For  when  his  legs  ivere  smitten  off, 
He  fought  upon  Iiis  stumpes  !" 

WIDEHOSE.  A  sobriquet  allusive  to 
the  cut  of  the  garment.  One  Ric.  Wyd- 
hose  is  found  in  H.R. 

WIDFORD.  1.  Parishes  in  Essex, 
Gloucester,  and  Hertford.  2,  An  A-Sax. 
personal  name. 

WIDGINGTON.     Perh'aps  the  same  as 

Widdiugton. 

WIDICOMBE.  WJDDICOMBE.  Wid- 
decombe,  a  parish  in  Devonshire. 


WIDMER.  A  parish  in  Noltinohani- 
shire. 

^YIDOWS.     A  genitive  form  of  Wide. 

A\qpO  WSON.  Not  the  son  of  a  widow, 
as  it  might  seem,  but  the  son  of  Guido,  or 
Wido,  a  Norman  personal  name.  At  the 
time  of  the  great  Survey,  William  Filius 
Widonis,  literally  "  William  Wido's-son," 
was  a  tenant  in  chief  in  the  counties  of 
Wilts,  Gloucester,  and  Somerset. 

WIDVILLE.     Earl  Rivers  in  the  XV. 

cent,  was  probably  descended  from  Hugo 
de  Widvile  or  Witvile,  a  Domesday  tenant 
in  capite. 

WIGAN.     A  town  In  Lancashire. 

WIGG.  An  old  personal  name.  Wig 
occurs  in  the  ancestry  of  Cerdic,  king  of 
the  West  Saxons,  and  Wiga  is  found  in  the 
Domesday  of  Yorkshire.     Hence   perhaps 

Wigson,  Wigget,  Wiggiu,  &c. 

WIGGETT.    SeeWigg. 

WIGGIN.     See  Wigg. 

WIGGINS.     See  Wigg. 

WIGGINGTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Herts,  Oxon,  Stafford,  and  York. 

WIGGLES.  An  ancient  personal  name, 
corresponding  wiUi  a  Frisian  name  still 
existing  as  Wiggele.  Ferguson.  Wiggles- 
worth,  in  Yorkshire,  means  the  estate  of 
Wiggle. 

WIGGLESWORTIL  A  township  in 
Yorkshire. 

WIGGS.     The  genitive  form  of  Wio-g-. 

WIGHT.  1.  The  A-Sax.  iviltt  ipeans  a 
man,  a  creature,  any  thing;  and  the  0. 
Eng,  n-ight,  still  retained  in  the  phrase 
"luckless  wight,"  has  a  similar  significa- 
tion. Another  and  more  usual  meaning  of 
the  word,  is  swift  or  active,  as  in  the  illus- 
trative quotation  of  Halliwell  : — 

"  Y  schalle  g\-f  the  two  grej-howndys, 
As  u'yght  as  any  roo" — 

that  is,  "  as  swift  as  any  roe.^  The  Scot- 
tish form  of  the  word  is  ivieJit,  wliich 
Jamieson  defines  as,  strong,  powerful, 
active,  clever ;  denoting  strength  of  mind, 
or  fertility  of  invention.  2.  The  Isle  of 
Wight  may  possibly  put  in  a  claim  in  some 
cases. 

WIGIITMAN.  A  strong,  active,  or 
clever  man.     See  Wight. 

WIGHTON.     A  parish  in  Norfolk. 

WIGIITAYICK.  A  hamlet  in  StaObrd- 
shire,  w^here  this  ancient  family  resided. 

AYIGLEY.  A  hamlet  In  the  parish  of 
EHug,  CO.  Hants. 

WIGI\IORE.  A  parish  of  Hereford- 
shire. 

WIGNELL.  "WIggenhall  Is  the  name  of 
several  parishes  in  Norfolk. 

WIGRAjNI.  Has  a  '  local '  appearance, 
and  1  do  not  find  any  personal  name  I'e- 
sembling   it ;    yet    in    recent    times,    the 


WIL 


383 


WIL 


baronet's  family,  -who,  as  Bristol  mercliants, 
can  trace  themselves  so  far  back  as  1712, 
have  changed  their  patron)'mic  to  Fltz- 
Wygraiu,  and  obtained  a  grant  of  support- 
ers to  their  arms  ! 

WIGSELL.  Wigsell,  anciently  Wigsale, 
an  estate  in  the  parish  of  Salehurst,  co. 
Sussex. 

WIGSOjST.  1.  A  corruption  of  Wilkinson, 
through  Wickison  ?     2.  See  Wigg. 

WIRES.     See  Weekes. 

^VILBAR.     See  Wildbore. 

WiLBERFORCE.  Professor  Pott,  in 
his  Die  Familiennamen,  associates  this 
celebrated  name  with  the  Germ.  Starke, 
and  tlie  Fr.  La  Force;  but  it  is  a  simple 
corruption  of  Wilberfoss,  a  township  in  E. 
Yorkshire,  where  the  family  were  settled 
from  the  early  Norman  reigns — tradition- 
ally from  the  Conquest — until  the  middle 
of  the  XVI.  cent.  Even  so  lately  as  about 
a  century  ago,  the  name  still  lingered  in  the 
parish  and  township.  The  earliest  recorded 
individual  of  the  name  is  llgerus  de  Wil- 
berfosse,  who  flourished  under  Henry  II. 

WILBRAHAM.  An  estate  in  Chesbire. 
The  earliest  recorded  ancestor  is  Richard 
de  Wilburgham  of  "\Vilburgham,in  Cheshire, 
who  was  living  4.3.  Henry  III.  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  ^len.  The  family  were 
settled  there  about  the  time  of  Henry  II. 
B.L.G.  Professor  Pott  rather  absurdly 
deduces  the  name,  so  clearly  accounted  for, 
from  a  union  of  the  English  and  Hebrew 
personal  names,  William  and  Abraham  ! 

WILBURGHAM.     See  Wilbraham. 

WILBURGHFOSS.  An  old  orthography 

of  Wilberforce. 
WIL  BY.     Parishes  in  Norfolk,  Xorth- 

ampton,  and  Suffolk. 
WILCIIER.       A   queer    corruption    of 

Wiltshire. 

WILCOCK.  WILCOCKS.  See  Wil- 
liam. 

AVILCOCKES.     See  William. 
WILCOCKSON.     See  William. 

WILCOX.  WILCOXON.  See  Wil- 
liam. 

WILD.  WILDE.  1.  Rude,  uncultivated, 
rustic ;  like  the  Fr.  Le  Sauvage.  It  may 
rank  among  the  earliest  of  our  surnames 
— one  Ulric  AVilde  being  a  Domesday 
tenant.     2.  A  hamlet  in  Berkshire. 

WILDBORE.  Doubtless  the  animal— a 
■wild  boar.  The  early,  or  Anglo- Saxon, 
form  of  the  word  is  preserved  in  the  sur- 
name Wilbar  (pronounced  Wilebar)  from 
wild,  and  bar,  a  boai-.     See  art.  Boar. 

WILDEGOS.        WILDGOOSE.      See 

Goose. 
WILDEX.     A  parish  in  Bedfordshire. 

WILDISH.  The  Weald  of  Sussex  is 
commonly    called   '  The    Wild,'    and    its 


denizens,  however  harmless  and  civil,  are 
known  on  the  South  Downs,  and  other 
neighbouring  localities,  as  "  Wildish 
men." 

WILDMAX.  1.  Equivalent  to  Wild.  2. 
See  Woodhouse.  3.  Perhaps  a  native  of 
the  Wild  or  Weald  of  Sussex. 

WILDRAKE.  Certainly  not  a  "wild 
rake,"  but  probably  a  provincial  word  for 
some  species  of  water-fowl. 

WILDS.     A  pluralization  of  Wild. 

WILDS:MITIL  Probably  a  corruption 
of  m'M-?,va\i\i.  '  To  weld '  is  defined  in 
Bailey's  Dictionary  as  "  to  forge  iron." 

WILEMAN.     See  AVildman. 

WILES.  Apparently  an  old  personal 
name.  It  occurs  temp.  Edward  I.  as  a  sur- 
name without  prefix.     H.R. 

WILFORD,  A  parish  in  Nottingham- 
shire. 

WILGOS.  WILLGOSS.  The  same  as 
AVyldgos,  or  Wildgoose. 

WILKERSOX.  A  corruption  of  Wil- 
kinson. 

WILKIE.     See  AVilliam. 

WILKIN.  WILKINS.    WILKINSON. 

See  William. 

WILKOT.     From  William. 

WILKS.    WILKES.     See  William. 

WIIjL.     The  '  nurse-name'  of  William. 

AVILLAN.  Perhaps  Willen,  a  parish  in 
Buckinghamshire. 

WILLAMENT.     See  Williment. 

WILLARD.  This  family,  whose  chief 
habitat  is,  and  has  been  from  the  XIII. 
century,  East  Sussex  and  Kent,  have  a 
tradition  of  Norman  descent.  The  name, 
it  is  said,  was  originally  Viliard.  I  see  no 
evidence  of  this  ;  and  indeed  the  Saxon,  or 
at  least  pre-Norman,  origin  of  both  name 
and  family  is  indubitable.  Wielard,  or 
Wilard,  was  a  personal  name,  and  it  is 
found  in  the  names  of  many  places,  as 
Wylerdsley,  Wyllardssey,  Willardby,  Wil- 
lardesham,  Willardestone,  &o.  In  Domes- 
day we  find  the  forms  Wielardus,  AVilardus, 
Wluard,  Wluuard,  and  Wlward.  The  last- 
mentioned  occurs  in  Kent,  the  county  from 
which  the  numerous  Willards  of  America 
deduce  themselves.  For  many  speculations 
on  the  origin  of  the  name  and  family,  see 
Willard  Memoir,  by  Joseph  Willard,  Esq., 
8vo.     Boston,  U.S.,  1858. 

WILLBOURN.  An  Old  German  name, 
Wilbern. 

WILLCOCK.  WILCOCKE.  WILL- 
COCKS.     See  William. 

WILLE.     See  William. 

W^ILLEMEXT.  The  tradition  of  the 
family  is,  that  they  were  originally  from 
French  Flanders,  and  fled  hither,  either 
from  the  Duke  of  Alva's  persecution,  or 
after  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 


WIL 


384 


W  I  u 


The  Norwich  branch  of  the  family  still 
carry  on  the  manufacture  of  crape  and 
similar  fabrics,  which  were  first  introduced 
into  that  city  from  the  Low  Countries. 
Inf.  Thos.  Willement,  Esq.,  F.S.A.  The 
surname  appears,  like  Willemiu,  Guillemin, 
and  other  Fr.  family  names,  to  be  a  modi- 
fication of  William. 

WILLER.  An  old  personal  name;  O. 
Germ.  Wilheri ;  Mod.  Germ.  AViller.  Fer- 
guson. 

WILLET.    WILLOTT.     WILLATS. 

See  William. 

WILLIAM.  I  have  not  met  with  this 
as  a  surname,  but  it  has  become  the  jmrent 
of  a  greater  number  of  surnames  than  any 
other  baptismal  appellation.  The  follow- 
ing are  the  chief  derivatives: — Fitz-Wil- 
liam,  Mac-William,  Ap-AVilliam,  Williams, 
Williamson,  Wills,  AVilles,  Wilks,  Wilkes, 
Wilkin,  Wilkins,  Wilkie,  Wilkinson, 
Wickens,  Wickeson,  AVickerson,  AVillson 
and  AVilson,  Willcock  and  AVilcocke,  AVill- 
cocks,  AYoolcock,  AA^ilcox,  AA'ilcockson, 
Wilcoxon,  AVillet,  AVillott,  AVillatts,  AVil- 
mot,  Willmott,  AVillomat,  AAllly  and  AA^illey, 
AVille,  Willis.  Also  Bill,  Bilson,  and  Bill- 
son.  An  old  provincial  nickname  of  AVil- 
liam  is  Till,— whence  Tilson,  Tillott,  Tillot- 
Eon,  Tilly,  and  Tillie.  Guilliam,  Gilliam, 
Guillim,  Gillett,  Gillott,  and  Gilliat  are  also 
from  this  fecund  source,  as  well  as  nume- 
rous continental  surnames,  which,  though 
found  in  our  directories,  can  hardly  as  yet 
be  reckoned  as  naturalized  amongst  us. 

This  Christian  name  has  produced  many 
offshoots  in  France.  M.  de  Gerville  re- 
marks: "  Of  Guillcaume,  or  A^illeaume,  we 
have  formed  Guillot,  Guillotte,  Guillard, 
A^'illot,  A^'illard,  Guilleiniu,  Viliemain,  Guil- 
lemette,  Guilmard,  Guilmot,  Guilraoto,  and 
Guillemino."  Mem.  Soc.  Ant.  Nonnandie, 
xiii. 

WILLIAMS.  See  William.  Owing  to 
the  numerousness  of  this  name  in  the  Prin- 
cipality, it  stands  third  in  the  list  of  com- 
mon surnames  in  England  and  AA''ales. 
Within  a  limited  period  the  entries  of 
births,  deaths,  and  marriages,  in  the  books 
of  the  Registrar- General  were,  for  Smith, 
33,557;  for  Jones,  33,341:  and  for  Wil- 
liams, 21,936. 

As  in  the  case  of  Jones,  Powell,  Price, 
and  other  very  common  AVelsh  surnames, 
this  usually  plebeian  patronymic  is  borne 
by  several  families  of  ancient  lineage.  For 
example,  the  AA''illiamses  of  Llangibby 
Castle,  CO.  Monmouth,  although  they 
adopted  the  settled  surname  only  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  A^III.,  are  of  really  ancient 
date,  though  their  descent  from  the  re- 
doubtable Brychan  Brecheiniog,  Lord  of 
Brecknock,  in  the  days  of  King  Arthur,  is 
rather  more  than  we  are  bound  to  accept. 

AVILLIAMSON.     See  AVilliam. 

AYILLIMETT.     See  AVilliment. 

WILLINGDON.     A  parish  in  Sussex. 

AVILLINGALE.     A  parish  in  Essex. 


AVILLINGTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  In  cos. 
Bedford,  Chester,  Derby,  Durham,  Flint, 
Northumberland,  AA^arwick,  &c.  John  de 
AVillington  of  AA''illington,  co.  Derby,  lived 
at,  or  immediately  after,  the  time  of  the 
Conquest,  and  from  him  descended  the 
baronial  family  of  that  name  in  the  XIV. 
centurj'.     See  B.L.G. 

AA^LLIS.     See  AVilliam. 

AVILLMAN.  O.  Germ.  AA^illiman ;  mod. 
Germ.  AVillmann ;  a  personal  name.  Fergu- 
son. 

AVILLMER.     See  AVilhnore. 

AA^LLMORE.  Probably  the  same  as 
the  German  i^crsonal  name  AA'^ilmar,  for- 
merly written  AVillimar. 

AAaLLOCK.     A  diminutive  of  AVilHam. 

AA'ILLOTT.     The  same  as  AA^illett. 

WILLOUGIIBY.  Lord  Middleton's 
family  spring  from  Sir  AVilliam  de  AVil- 
loughby,  Lord  of  AVilloughby,  co.  Lincoln, 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men.  In  a  genealogy  of  the 
family  drawn  up  temp.  Elizabeth,  Sir  John 
de  AVilloughby,  a  Norman  knight,  is  said 
to  have  held  that  estate  by  gift  of  AVilliam 
the  Conqueror.  In  54.  Heniy  III.  Sir 
William  de  AVilloughby  went  to  the  Holy 
Land  with  Prince  Edward.     Ext.  Peerage. 

AA^ILLOWS.  From  residence  near  trees 
of  this  kind.  "  In  the  AVillows  "  is  a  XIV. 
century  surname.  The  H.R.  latinization 
is  In  Sallicibus. 

AVILLS.     AVILLES.     See  William. 

AVILLSON.     See  AVilliam. 

AA'ILLTON.     See  AVIlton. 

AA^LLYAIMS.     Tlie  same  as  AVIlliams. 

AVILLY.     WILLEY.     See  AVilliam. 

WILMORE.     See  AVillmore. 

AVILM01\  AVILLMOTT.  AVILLO- 
MAT.    See  AVilliam. 

AA'ILMSHURST.  Local,  and  doubtless 
derived  from  some  manor  or  estate  in  Kent 
or  Sussex.  (See  Eng.  Surn.  ii.  30.)  It  is 
corrupted  to  AVimhurst,  AA^ympshurst,  and 
even  (colloquially)  to  Wimpsutt. 

AVILSHER.  AVILSIIERE.  Corrup- 
tions of  AViltshire. 

AVILSON.  See  William.  The  AVIlsons 
of  Broomhead  resided  there,  under  this 
name,  from  temp.  Edward  I.  till  the  XA^III. 
century.     B.L.G. 

AVILTON.     A  town  In  AViltshire. 

AVILTSHIRE.     Fiom  the  county. 

AVILYE.  AVILEY.  A  parish  In  Wilt- 
shire. 

AVIMBLE.  An  A- Sax.  personal  name, 
AAMnebald. 

AAaMBOLL.     See  AVImble. 

AVIMBURN.  Another  spelling  of  AVim  - 
borne,  parishes,  &c.,  in  Dorsetshire. 


W  1  N  385 


WIAIBUSH.  Wimbish,  a  parish  la 
Essex. 

WIMHURST.     See  Wilmshurst. 

WBIPLER.     See  Wyrapler. 

WIMPSUTT.     See  Wilmshurst. 

WINBOLT.  From  Winebald,  an  A- 
Sax.  personal  name. 

"WINCH.  1.  From  one  of  the  two 
parishes,  East  and  West  Winch,  co.  Nor- 
folk. 2.  A  corrupt  nickname  of  Vincent. 
See  Finch. 

WINCHELSEA.  An  ancient  tOAvn  in 
Sussex. 

WINCKLE.         WINCKLES.         See 

Winkle.  The  Intter  form  may,  however, 
be  identical  with  the  personal  name  AVin- 
ceslaus. 

WINDER.  1.  Townships  in  Westmore- 
land and  Cumberland  are  so  called.  2. 
Probably  a  winder  or  twister  of  thread. 
Le  Wiudere.  H.R. 

WINDELL.     See  Windle. 

WINDLE.     A  township  in  Lancashire. 

WINDOW.  Windo,  an  old  German 
personal  name. 

WIND  US.  The  termination  2i.s  is  usually 
a  contiTKjtion  of  house;  thus  I\Ialthus 
stands  for  Malthouse,  AVoodus  for  Wood- 
house,  Loftus  for  Lofthouse,  kc.  By  ana- 
logy, Windus  would  stand  for  Windhouse — 
probably  a  residence  in  an  exposed  situa- 
tion. 

WINDUST.     See  Windus. 

WINDMILL.  I'rom  residence  near 
one. 

WINDSOR.  Sir  Andrew  AVindsor,  who 
was  made  a  knight-banneret  at  the  battle  of 
the  Spurs,  in  1513,  and  who  was  ennobled 
as  Lord  Windsor,  was  a  lineal  descendant 
of  AValter  Fitz-Other,  Castellan  of  AVind- 
sor,  in  the  reign  of  AVilliam  the  Conqueror, 
the  common  ancestor  of  the  Fitz-Geralds, 
Carews,  Gerards,  and  many  other  distin- 
guished families.     See  Fitz-Gerald. 

WINFARTHING.  A  parish  in  Norfolk. 
Thomas  de  AA''ynnefertbyn.     H.R. 

WINFIELD.  Probably  the  same  as 
AVingfield. 

WING.  Parishes  in  the  shires  of  Buck- 
ingham and  Eutlaud. 

WINGATE.  A  cliapelry  in  co.  Dur- 
ham. 

AA^INGET.     See  AVingate. 

WINGFIELD.  "The  AA^ingfields  of 
AA'iugfield  and  Letheringham,  botli  in 
Suffolk,  a  distinguished  family  of  the  four- 
teenth and  iifteenth  centuries,  are  traced 
nearly  to  the  Conquest,  though  they  do  not 
appear  to  have  been  lords  of  the  manor  or 
castle  of  AVingfijkl  before  the  reign  of 
Edward  II."  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
3  c 


W  I N 

Men.  A  parish  in  Suffolk  possessed  by  a 
distinguished  family  temp.  Edw.  III.  B.L.G. 
Latinized  in  charters  Ala  Campi. 

AA'INGHAM.     A  parish  in  Kent. 

AA^NGRAVE.      A   parish  in   Bucking- 
hamshire. 
AA^INGROA^E.     The  same  as  AVingrave. 

AA^INKLE.  1.  Wincle,  a  township  and 
chapelry  in  Cheshire.  2.  Dutch,  ovinhel, 
a  shop,  workshop,  or  laboratory.  Hence 
perhaps  AVinkelman,  a  surname  of  recent 
introduction  into  England,  may  mean 
shopman  or  workman.  AViucel,  as  occur- 
ring in  Aldwiukle,  AViuchelsea,  AVinchel- 
comb,  may  possibly,  however,  betheA-Sax. 
for  a  corner. 

WINKLEY.  AAaNCKLEY.  There  is 
a  parish  so  called  in  Devonshire,  but  the 
family  appear  to  have  originated  at  AVinck- 
ley  Hall,  an  estate  in  the  township  of 
Aighton,  parish  of  Mitton,  co.  Lancaster. 
In  the  Coucher-Book  of  the  neighbouring 
abbey  of  AVhalley,  the  name  of  Robert  de 
AVynkedelegh  occurs  in  4.  Edward  I.,  and 
the  family  continued  to  reside  at  AA'^inckley 
until  the  XVII.  century.  The  name  ap- 
pears in  Lincolnshire  about  the  middle  of 
the  XA''I.  century,  and  there  is  a  tradition 
that  the  AVinkleys  of  that  county  are 
descended  from  one  of  the  Lancashire 
house,  who,  during  some  civil  or  religious 
commotion,  narrowly  escaped  with  his 
life,  and  took  refuge  there.  The  name  has 
been  variously  written  De  AA^'ynkedelegh, 
AVynkley,  AViuckley,  and  AA^inkley.  With 
regard  to  the  first  orthography,  it  is  cu- 
rious to  observe  that,  in  the  Coucher-Book 
referred  to,  the  apparently  unnecessary 
middle  syllable  de  occurs  m  several  local 
surnames.  For  instance  Dinckley  is  written 
De  Dynkedelegh,  and  what  is  now  AVorsley, 
De  AA'^orkedelegh.  AVhether  this  syllable 
belongs  etymologically  to  the  names,  or  is 
a  caprice  of  the  scribe,  I  know  not. 

AVINKSLEY.     A  place  in  Yorkshire. 

AVINKAVORTH.  Perhaps  a  corruption 
of  AVeutworth. 

AA^'INMEN.  Winemen,  an  A-Sax.  per- 
sonal name.     Cod.  Dipl.  No.  853. 

AVINMILL.     See  AVindmill. 

WINN.     See  AA'ynne. 

AVINNEY.  Whinney,  a  place  in  Nor- 
thumberland. 

WINNINGTON.  An  ancient  family  of 
"  that  seed-plot  of  gentry,"'  Cheshire.  The 
paternal  name  was  De  Croxton,  but  in  the 
reign  of  Edward  I.,  Robert,  sou  of  Lidulfus 
de  Croxton,  marrying  the  heiress  of  AViu- 
ningtou  of  AViunington,  took  the  surname 
of  his  wife's  family.  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men. 

AVINPENN  Y.  May  relate  to  the  acqui- 
sitive habits  of  the  founder  of  the  family. 
It  may,  however,  be  local.  There  is  a  parish 
of  Vfin-furthl»{/  in  Norfolk. 

AVINSE^R,     A  corruption  of  AA^indsor. 


WIS 


386 


WINSKELL.  Winsklll,  a  township  in 
Cumberland,  united  with  Himsonby. 

WINSLOW.  A  parish  in  Buckingham- 
shire, and  a  township  in  Herefordshire. 

WINSOR.     See  Windsor. 

WLNSPEAR.  Belongs  to  the  same  class 
as  Shakspeare,  Breakspeare,  Wagstafl'e, 
&c. 

WINSTANLEY.  A  township  in  the 
parisli  of  Wigan.  co.  Lancaster,  where  tlie 
family  are  found  temp.  Henry  III. 

WINSTON.  1.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Durham,  Glouc.,  Pembroke,  and  Suffolk. 
2.  Winstan,  an  A-Sax.  personal  name  oc- 
curring in  Domesday. 

WINTER.  See  Times  a^d  Seasons. 
Also  see  Vinter. 

WINTERBORN.  a  corruption  of  one 
of  the  many  places  called  Winterbourne, 
in  Dorset  and  other  western  counties. 

WINTERBOTTOM.  AVINTERBOT- 

HAM.  See  Bottom  in  Supplement.  "The 
Wiuterbottoms  are  a  time-honoured  stock 
indigenous  to  Saddleworth."  Folks  of 
Shields,  p.  22. 

WINTERBOURNE.  Properly  a  tor- 
rent  which  runs  only  in  the  rainy  season  of 
winter.  Many  localities  in  the  West  and 
other  parts  of  England  are  so  called. 

WINTERTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  Lincoln 
and  Norfolk. 

WINTON.  Townships  in  Yorkshire  and 
Westmoreland.  The  city  of  Winchester  is 
sometimes  so  called,  from  its  latinization 
Wintonia. 

WISBERRY.  Probably  Wisborough,  a 
parish  in  Sussex. 

WISDEIsT.     See  termination  den. 

WISDOM.  The  name  of  a  place  in  the 
parish  of  Cornwood  in  Devonshire.  See 
anecdote  under  Helc. 

WISE.  A  man  of  judgment  and  Avisdom. 
So  the  Lat.  Prudens,  the  Fr.  f^e  Sage,  &c. 
Among  many  Ze  ^Vyses  in  the  H.R.,  we 
have  one  Julia  la  Wyse. 

WISE:\IAN.  a  conjuror.  Ilalliwell. 
This  was  once  a  regular  profession.  Sir 
Francis  Palgrave  observes  :  "  In  parlia- 
mentary documents,  we  find  '  Nigromaun- 
cor'  attached  to  a  man's  name  as  an  addi- 
tion of  lawful  calling,  not  so  frequently, 
indeed,  as  '  Smith'  or  '  Baker',  yet  evidently 
without  any  idea  of  concealment  or  absur- 
dity. And  the  details  preserved  concern- 
ing these  respectable  practitioners  all  tend 
to  show,  that  their  vocation  was  tolerably 
lucrative  and  successful,  provided  the  indi- 
vidual Avho  tried  the  profession  possessed 
the  proper  qualifications."  Merchant  and 
Friar,  2nd  Edit.  p.  217. 

The  occupation  has  subsisted  until  quite 
recent  times.  So  lately  as  LSI 9  we  are 
told:  "Impostors  who  feed  and  live  on  the 
superstitions  of  the  lower  orders  are  still 
to  be  found  in  Yorkshire.     These  are  called 


WIT 

J  Wise  Men,'  and  are  believed  to  possess 
the  most  extraordinary  power  in  remedy- 
ing  all  diseases   incidental   to   the    brute 
creation,   as  well  as  the  human  race,  to 
discover  lost  or   stolen   property,  and   to 
foretell  future  events.  One  of  these  Avretches 
was  a  few  years  ago  living  at  Stokesley,  in 
the  North  Riding  of  Yorkshire :  his  name 
was  John  Wrightson,  and  he  called  himself 
'the   seventh   son  of  a  seventh  son,'  and 
professed  ostensibly  the   trade  of  a  cow- 
doctor.     To  this  fellow,  people  whose  edu- 
cation, it  might  have  been  expected,  would 
have  raised   them   above  such   weakness, 
;  flocked  ;  many  to  ascertain  the  thief  when 
'  they  had  lost  any  of  their  property ;  others 
for  him  to  cure  themselves  or  their  cattle 
of  some  indescribable  complaint.     Another 
class  visited  him  to  know  their  future  for- 
tunes ;  and  some  to  get  him  to  save  them 
from  being  balloted  into  the   militia ;  all 
of  which  he  professed  himself  able  to  ac- 
complish.    All  the  diseases  which  he  was 
sought  to  remedy  he  invariably  imputed  to 
witchcraft,   and  although   he   gave   drugs 
which  have  been  known  to  do  good,  yet  be 
always  enjoined  some  incantation  to  be  ob- 
served,  without   which   he   declared  they 
could  never  be  cured  ;  this  was  sometimes 
an  act  of  the  most  wanton  barbarity,  as 
that  of  roasting  a  game-cock  alive,  kc.   The 
charges  of  this  man  were  always  extra^'a- 
gant ;  and  such  was  the  confidence  in  his 
skill  and  knowledge,  that  he  had  only  to 
name  any  person  as  a  witch,  and  the  public 
indignation  was  sure  to  be  directed  against 
the  poor  unoflending  creature,  for  the  re- 
mainder  of  her  life."     Brand's    Popular 
Autiq.  Edit.  Ellis,  iii.  34. 

The  name  may,  however,  have  a  more 
reputable  origin,  as  a  synonymc  of  7vissei-e, 
0.  English  for  '  teacher' — from  the  A- Sax. 
')V(sia)i  or  n-issiau,  to  instruct,  to  inform,  to 
shew. 

"  Be  thou  our  lielpe,  lie  thou  our  socoure, 
And  like  a  prophete  to  wissen  us." 

Lijdffate. 

The  forms  in  the  H.R.  are  Wisman,  Wys- 
man,  and  Wyseman. 

AVISIi.  Kenable  and  Ferguson  derive 
this  name  from  the  Teutonic  mytholog)' — 
Wish  being  one  of  the  names  of  Odin  ;  but 
it  is  most  clearly  local.  A  n-ish,  in  topo- 
graphy, is,  "a  damp  meadow,  or  marsh, 
or  lowland  in  a  nook  formed  by  the 
sinuosity  of  a  river  or  stream,  and  so  some- 
times overflowed  with  water."  Cooper's 
Sussex  Glossary. 

WISHART.  Perhaps  the  old  personal 
name  Guiscard.  This  seems  likely,  from 
the  mediate  form  Wiscard  in  H.R. 

WISKAR.     WISKER.     See  Whisker. 

WISTONNESTON.  The  ancient  or- 
thography of  Wiston,  CO.  Sussex,  which 
had"  proprietors  so  called  in  very  early 
Norman  times. 

AVITCHER.     See  AVicluu-. 

WITCIIURCII.     See  \Miitchurch. 

WITFORD.     (iy.  Whiteford  ? 


WOL 


387 


WOL 


WITH.  A  local  termination  occurring 
in  such  names  as  Sopwith,  Skipwith, 
Beckwith.  Worsaae  derives  it  from  the 
Danish,  and  says  it  means  a  forest.  It 
is  more  likely  identical  with  north, 
which  see. 

"WT^THAM.  Parishes  and  places  in  cos. 
Essex  and  Lincoln. 

WITHERDEN.  Probably  Wilhernden, 
a  manor  in  and  near  Ticehurst,  co.  Sussex. 

WITHERICK.  Probably  the  O.  Germ, 
personal  name  Widerich. 

WITHERS.  Wither  occurs  in  Domesd. 
as  a  tenant  prior  to  that  census.  Widder- 
son  maj'  be  a  patronymical  form.  H.R. 
Wyther. 

WITHYCOMBE.  Parishes  in  Somerset 
and  Devon. 

WITT.  White,  from  complexion.  Ahvin 
Albus,  otherwise  Wit,  occurs  in  Domesday, 
as  also  do  Unit  and  Uuite.     A-Sax.  Imit. 

AVITTINGHAjNI.  Two  parishes  in 
Berkshire  are  called  Wittenham. 

WITTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Chester, 
Huntingdon,  Lancaster,  Norfolk,  York, 
Durham,  and  Northumberland. 

WITTY.  Clever,  sagacious,  was  the 
meaning  of  this  word  in  ancient  times. 

WIX.     See  AVeekes. 

WODEHOUSE.  "  This  family  is  very 
antient,  for  they  were  Gentlemen  of  good 
rank  in  the  time  of  King  John,  as  it  ap- 
peareth  by  many  antient  Grants  and  Evi- 
dences of  theirs,  which  I  have  scene." 
Peacham's  Compleat  Gentleman,  edit.  1661, 
p.  235.  The  name  is  derived  from  the 
lands  of  Woodhouse  or  Wodehouse,  at  Sil- 
field,  CO.  Norfolk.  The  first  of  the  name 
mentioned  in  the  Baronetages  is  Sir  Con- 
stantine  de  Wodehouse,  who  married 
Isabel,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Botetourt, 
at  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  Henry  I. 

A\'ODGER.  Ferguson  derives  it  from 
Wudga,  a  personal  name  in  the  A- Sax. 
mythology. 

WODSWORTH.  A  gentleman  of  this 
name  being  addressed  as  Mr.  Wordsworth, 
it  was  observed  that  he  was  noii  verho 
dignus — not  Wordsworth  !  There  is  little 
doubt,  however,  that  this  name  is  a  corrup- 
tion of  the  other. 

WOLD.     An  unwooded  hill. 

WOLF.  WOLFE.  AVOLFF.  Tlirough- 
out  the  middle  ages  the  wolf  was  regarded 
with  a  sort  of  mysterious  awe.  from  his  as- 
sociation with  the  unseen  world — perhaps 
in  the  first  instance  in  consequence  of  his 
constant  attendance  ouAVoden.  The  semi- 
mythology  of  those  times  invested  this 
cruel  beast  with  many  remarkable  attri- 
butes, some  of  which  are  still  remembered 
in  our  nursery  literature.  Hence  many  of 
the  old  pagan  personal  names,  which  des- 
cended to  Christian  times,  allude  to  him  ; 
and  his  name  is  largely  compounded  with 


our  local  nomenclature,  a  source  in  later 
times  of  family  names.  Grimm  has  col- 
lected a  large  number  of  Old  Germ,  proper 
names  compounded  with  ivolf  in  his 
'Deutsche  Grammatik,'  and  it  would  be 
equally  easy  to  do  the  same  for  the  English, 
and  other  languages. 

In  France  a  St.  Lou,  or  Lupus,  succeeded 
a  St.  Ursus  in  the  see  of  Troyes  in  the  V. 
cent.,  and  there  were  several  church  digni- 
taries under  Charlemagne  who  were  called 
Lupus.  The  kinglet  Hugh  Lupus,  Earl  of 
Chester,  is  well-known  as  the  kinsman  and 
chief  subject  of  the  Conqueror.  Lupellus, 
the  diminutive,  became  softened  into 
Lovell  and  Lovett,  still  to  be  found  as 
English  surnames ;  and  there  are  some 
curious  compounds  of  the  word.  Pel-de- 
leu,  for  instance — wolfs  sJdn — is  an  ancient 
family  name  mentioned  by  Ducange,  and 
both  Yis-de-Lew  and  Viso  Lnpi — 7volfs 
face,  occur  in  Domesday — the  former  as  a 
tenant-in-chief  in  Berkshire.  In  the  Roll 
of  Arms  of  temp.  Edward  II.,  Sir  William 
Yidelou  bears  three  wolves'  heads. 

Fosbroke  mentions  a  man  whose  sur- 
name represents  him  as  "  worse  than  a 
wolf" — Archembaldus  Pejor-Lupo.  See 
Wolfhunt  in  this  Diet,  as  a  surname  derived 
from  a  useful  employment.  See  also  Pott, 
p.  665,  Eng.  Sum.  i.  187,  and  Edinb.  Rev. 
vol.  CHI.  p.  369.  AVoolf  and  Woolfe  are 
common  surnames  among  naturalized 
German  Jews  in  this  country. 

WOLFIIONGLES.  "  At-Wolfliongles  " 
occurs  as  a  surname  in  H.R.  Hangles  is 
a  Northern  provincialism  for  a  kind  of 
crane  for  hanging  a  pot  over  the  fire,  from 
theA-Sax.  hongian,  to  hang.  An-olf-honglcs 
was  probably  a  jjlace  where  wolves  had 
been  hung  i>i  terrorem.  According  to  Saxo 
Grammaticus,  it  was  the  practice  to  hang 
a  wolf  with  a  parricide,  and  in  Scandinavia 
and  Germany  wolves  and  dogs  were  fre- 
quently bung  with  criminals.  Rorarius,  a 
XYI.  cent,  writer,  states,  that  he  once  saw 
two  wolves  hung  from  a  gibbet  in  the 
forest  between  Cologne  and  Juliers,  as  an 
example  to  other  wolves.  N.  and  Q..  April 
23,  1859. 

WOLFHUNT.  A- Sax.  wolf  and  hvnta, 
wolf-hunter.  A  family  of  this  name  held 
lands  in  Derbyshire,  by  the  service  of  keep- 
ing the  Forest  of  the  Peak  clear  of  wolves. 
Archasol.  Assoc.  Journal,  vii.  197.  Nothing 
can  be  more  erroneous  than  the  popular 
opinion  that  King  Edgar  succeeded,  by  Ihe 
peculiar  impost  of  wolves'  heads,  which  he 
levied  upon  his  Welsh  tributaries,  in  ex- 
terminating this  villauous  quadruped. 
That  it  existed  at  the  time  of  the  Norman 
Conquest,  and  even  so  late  as  the  reign  of 
Edward  I.,  is  evident  from  the  following 
authorities.  The  Carmen  de  Bello  Has- 
tingensi  (v.  571)  states  that  William  the 
Conqueror  left  the  dead  bodies  of  the  Eng- 
lish upon  the  battle-field,  to  be  devoured 
"  by  worms,  and  wolves,  and  birds,  and 
dogs  " — (vermibus,  atque  lujns,  avibus, 
canibusque  voranda.)  In  the  year  1S51 
many  skulls  of  wolves  were  taken  out  of 
a  disused  medieval  well  at  Pevensey  Castle, 


WOL 


388 


In  the  time  of  Edward  I.  John  Engayne 
held  lands  in  Huntingdonshire  by  the 
tenure  of  maintaining  dogs  for  the  King, 
for  the  purpose  of  hunting  the  wolf,  fox, 
cat,  badger,  wild-boar,  and  hare,  in  several 
specified  counties.  See  Rotuli  Hundredorum, 
II.  G27. 

In  the  Patent  Rolls  of  9th  of  the  same 
monarch,  John  Gifford  of  Brymmesfield  is 
empowered  to  destroy  tlie  wolves  in  all 
the  king's  forests  throughout  the  realm  ; 
while  in  the  same  year  Peter  de  Corbet 
has  a  similar  permission  to  catch  wolves  in 
the  royal  forests  in  several  counties.  Cal. 
Rot.  Pat.  49.     See  Umfraville. 

WOLLASTON".  A  manor  in  Stafford- 
shire, of  which  the  family  were  lords  in 
early  times,  and  which  they  sold  to  the 
Aston  family  temp.  Richard  II.  Wollas- 
ton  is  in  the  parish  of  Old  Swinford.  Some 
of  the  Wollastons  may  derive  their  name 
from  other  places  so  called  in  cos.  Glouces- 
ter and  Shropshire. 

WOLLEY.  This  family,  anciently  De 
Wolegh,  or  De  Woley,  were  settled  in 
Longdendale,  co.  Chester,  as  early  as  the 
reign  of  King  Jolui.  B.L.G.  A  parish  in 
Somersetshire  is  so  designated. 

WOLRYCHE.  "  This  is  a  very  ancient 
Shropshire  family,  descended  from  Sir  Adam 
Wolryche,  Knight,  of  Wenlock,  living  in 
the  reign  of  Henry  III.,  and  who  previously 
to  Ills  being  kniglited,  was  admitted  to  the 
Roll  of  Guild  Jlerchants  of  the  town  of 
Shrewsbury  in  1231,  by  the  old  Saxon 
name  of  Adam  Wulfric"  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men. 

WOLSEY.  An  ancient  personal  name. 
The  great  sixteenth-century  Cardinal  M-as 
not  the  first  of  this  designation  who  was 
influential  at  Westminster.  Half-a-dozen 
centuries  before  his  time,  flourished  Saint 
AVulsy,  first  abbot  of  Westminster,  "  where 
he  lived  many  years,"  says  Fuller,  "very 
exemplary  for  his  conversation,  until  his 
death,  which  happened  Anno  Domini  9G0. 
Then  was  his  body  buried  in  the  same  mo- 
nastery ;  and  the  2Gth  day  of  September 
was  kept  by  the  citizens  of  London  with 
great  veneration  of  his  miracle-working 
memory."  Worthies,  ii.  420.  A  Wlsi  oc- 
curs in  Domesday,  as  an  A-Sax.  proprietor. 

WOLSELEY.     Mr.    Harwood,    in    his 

notes  to  Erdeswick's  Staftbrdshire,  calls  the 
Wolseleys  "  the  most  ancient  amongst  all 
the  very  ancient  families  in  this  county." 
Siward,  mentioned  as  Lord  of  Wlselei  in 
an  undated  deed,  stands  at  the  head  of  the 
pedigree  of  "this  venerable  house,  who  are 
said  to  have  been  resident  at  Wolselcy  (co. 
Stafford)  even  before  the  Norman  Conquest; 
and  it  lias  ever  since  remained  their  sent 
and  residence."  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men. 

WOLSTON.  1.  Wolstan,  a  parish  in 
Warwickshire.  2.  An  A-Sax.  personal 
name,  Ulstan,  Ulstanus.     Domesday. 

WOLVERTON.  Parishes  in  cos.  War- 
wick, Bucks,  Norfolk,  and  Somerset. 


WOO 

WOMBWELL.  An  estate  and  chapelry 
in  the  W.  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  still  the 
property  of  the  Baronet,  who  claims  from 
Robert  de  Worabwell,  temp.  King  Stephen. 
A  branch  removed  into  Kent  in  the  XV. 
century,  and  built  Wombwell  Hall,  near 
Northtleet.  Pliilipott  Vill.  Cant.  It  seems 
probable  that  two  families  in  succession 
adopted  this  name  from  the  estate  ;  for,  ac- 
cording to  Mr.  Shirley,  the  pedigree  com- 
mences with  Hugh  Wombwell  of  AVomb- 
well,  son  of  Henry  Lotrell  de  Wombwell, 
temp.  Edw.  III.,  implying  a  change  of  ow- 
nership at  that  date.  See  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men. 

WOMERSLEY.  A  parish  in  the  W. 
Riding  of  Yorkshire. 

WONTNER.  TT^on^  is  O.  Eng-.  and  local 
for  a  mole ;  and  a  Wontner  or  Wonter  is  a 
mole-catcher.  See  Archa^ologia,  xxxiii., 
277.  The  H.R.  form  of  the  name  is  Le 
Wantur. 

WONIIAM,  A  manor  and  estate  near 
Reigate,  co.  Surrey.  The  name  is  still 
found  in  the  adjoining  county  of  Sussex. 

g?^  WOOD.  An  initial  and  final  syllable 
in  numerous  local  surnames,  as — Wood- 
all,  Woodness,  Woodwell,  Woodmeston, 
Woodnutt,Woodburn,Woodcroft,  Holm- 
wood,  Garwood,  Bur  wood,  Hen  wood, 
Grimwood,  Lywood,  Selwood.  It  is,  of 
course,  the  A-Sax.  wuchi,  sylva,  nemus. 

WOOD.  From  residence  near  one.  It 
is  often  pluralized  to  Woods  ;  and  Attwood 
and  Bywood  are  other  forms  of  the  same 
name.  Its  commonest  medieval  spelling 
is  Atte-Wode,  afterwards  softened  to 
A'Wood.  Almost  every  considerable  wood 
surnaraed  a  family,  and  hence  the  com- 
monness of  the  appellation,  amounting  in 
the  Lond.  Direct,  in  its  various  forms  to 
more  than  300  traders.  This  surname  is 
found  so  early  as  Domesday  in  the  form  of 
De  Silva.  Sufiblk.  The  forms  De  la  Wode, 
In  le  Wode,  and  Ate  Wode,  are  found  in 
H.R. 

WOODARD.  1.  Wadard,  a  Domesday 
name.  2.  A  corruption  of  Woodward  by 
the  elision  of  n- ;  so  Green'ich  from  Green- 
wich, Ber'ick  from  Berwick,  &c. 

AYOODBINE.  A  Lincohishire  name, 
probably  local.  The  heiress  married  Parish. 

AVOODBRIDGE.     A  town  in  Suffolk. 

WOODCOCK.  I.  The  bird.  2  A  term  of 
reproach,  applied  to  a  simpleton,  in  many 
early  plays.     Halliwell. 

WOODE.     See  AVood. 

WOODERSON.  See  Widowson,  and 
also  Wither. 

WOODEREVE.  The  bailiff  or  reeve  en- 
trusted with  the  care  of  timber  and  under- 
wood. 

AVOODFALL.  (Rendered  famous  by 
the  printer  of  Junius'  Letters.)  A  hamlet 
in  South  Wiltshire. 


woo 


389 


WOO 


"SVOODFORD.  Parislies,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Chester,  Northampton,  ^Vilts,  Essex,  &c. 

WOODGATE.  From  residence  near 
the  gate  of  a  wood.  An  ancient  Kentish 
name,  occurring  in  the  form  of  Ate-Wode- 
gate,  temp.  Hen.  III.  In  documents  of  the 
XIII.  centurj^,  the  name  is  sometimes 
oddly  written  Wdegat  or  AVdegate. 

WOODGER.     See  Woodyer. 

WOODHALL.  A  parish  in  co  Lincoln, 
and  places  in  several  counties. 

WOODHAM.  (Often  pinralized  to 
Woodhams.)  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Buck- 
ingham, Durham,  Essex,  &c. 

WOOD  HATCH.  There  is  a  bird  tri- 
vially so  called;  hut  the  surname  is  more 
probabi}'  from  the  hatch,  or  gate,  of  a  forest, 
which  kept  in  the  deer.  Many  places  in 
woodland  districts  ai-e  known  by  such 
names  as  Mersham-Hatch,  Coleman's- 
Hatch,  Nock-Hatch,  High-Hatch,  &c. 

WOODHEAD.  A  chapelry  In  co.  Ches- 
ter. 

WOODHOUSE.  ].  Places  in  cos.  Lei- 
cester, Northumberland,  &c.  2.  The  Wode- 
lionse  was  a  favourite  character  in  the 
Christmas  and  other  festivities  of  our  an- 
cestors— the  '"Wild  3Ian  of  the  Woods," 
usually  represented  as  a  hairy  monster, 
wreathed  about  the  loins  and  temples  with 
holly  and  ivy.     See  more  of  him,  with  his 

portrait,  in  Eng.  Surn.  i.  235. 

WOODIN.  Doubtless  Woden,  the  name 
of  the  great  Teutonic  divinity.     See  Oden. 

WOODIN^G.     See  'Woodln. 

WOODLAND.  IMany  places  In  cos. 
Devon,  Durham,  Lancaster,  Derby,  etc. 

WOODLEY.  Parishes  and  places  In 
cos.  Devon,  &c.,  &c. 

WOODMAN.  This  name  of  occupation 
became  a  personal  appellation  long  before 
it  was  adopted  as  a  surname.  A  Wodeman 
occurs  in  Domesday,  and  at  an  earlier 
period  individuals  so  designated  gave  names 
to  AVoodmancote,  co.  Sussex ;  Woodman- 
stone,  CO.  Surrey;  Woodmansey,  co.  York. 

WOODISIANCOTE.  A  parish  In  Sus- 
sex. 

WOODMANCY.  A  curious  corruption 
of  Woodmansey,  near  Beverley,  co.  York. 

WOODMESTON.  Woodmanstoue,  a 
parish  in  Surrey. 

W00D:M0NGER.  a  dealer  In  wood ; 
a  timber  merchant. 

WOODPECKER.  The  bird— a  sobri- 
quet. 

WOODROFF.  WOODROFFE. 

WOODROOF.  WOODROOFFE.  WOOD- 
ROUGH.  WOODROW.  WOODRUFF. 
WOODROAFE.  WOODRIFF.  Appa- 
rentl}'  corruptions  of  Wood-reeve,  the 
reeve  or  bailiff  who  has  charge  of  wood- 
lands. 


WOODS.     See  Wood. 

WOODSON.  1.  Tiie  son  of  Wudda,  an 
A-Sax.  personal  name,  occurring  as  earl)"^ 
as  the  VII.  century.     2.  See  Widowson. 

WOODSTOCK.  A  town  In  Oxford- 
sliire. 

AVOODTHORPE.  Places  In  cos.  Lei- 
cester and  Derby. 

WOODUS.     A  local  name— Woodhouse. 

AYOODAVARD.  (From  ivood  and  ivard, 
custos:  see  AVard.)  "An  officer  of  the 
forest,  whose  charge  is  to  look  after  the 
woods  and  vert  there ;  his  very  name  de- 
notes his  office ;  he  must  present  all  of- 
fences within  his  charge  at  the  court  of 
attachments,  or  swain-mote,  to  the  chief 
foresters  or  verderers ;  and  if  he  see  or 
know  any  malefactors,  or  if  he  shall  find 
any  deer  killed  or  hurt,  he  must  acquaint 
a  verderer  thereof,  and  present  the  same  at 
the  next  court  of  the  forest.  And  by  the 
law  he  must  not  walk  with  bow  and  arrows, 
but  with  a  forest-bill  or  hatchet."  Man- 
wode,  quoted  in  Nelson's  Laws  of  Game. 
It  is  added  that  "  the  AVoodward  ought  to 
appear  at  every  justice-seat,  and  when  he 
is  called,  he  must  present  his  hatchet  to 
the  Lord  chief-justice  in  Eyre."  Le  AVode- 
ward.     H.R. 

AVOODYER.  Probably  '  woodman,' 
formed  by  the  same  rule  as  sawyer,  collier, 
pavier,  glazier,  and  brazier. 

AYO OF.     Probably  a  corruption  of  AVolf. 

AVOOKEY.     A  parish  In  Somersetshire. 

WOOLCOCK.     See  Wllcock. 

AYOOLCOTT.    I  cannot  find  the  locality . 

A700LER.  A  town  and  parish  In  Nor- 
ttmmberlaud. 

WOOLF.    AVOOLFE.     See  AA'olf. 

AVOOLFORD.  1.  A  parish  In  co.AVar- 
wick.  2.  A-Sax.  mdf,  and  meard.  A  de- 
fender against  wolves.  Sec  Ferguson,  p.  140. 

AVOOLFREYS.  Probably  a  genitive 
form  of  Wulfred,  an  A-Sax.  personal  name. 

AVOOLGAR.  AYOOLLGAR.  An  ex- 
ceedingly common  A-Sax.  personal  name. 
AVulgar  occurs  on  many  coins  and  in  re- 
cords, and  the  Domesday  spellings  are 
A^'lgar  and  AVlgar. 

AA'OOLL.  About  Lang-port,  co.  Somer- 
set, are  persons  of  the  labouring  class  who 
are  commonly  called  AVooll ;  but  they  say 
that  their  real  old  name  is  Attwooll,  pro- 
bably a  corruption  of  At-AVold.  Inform. 
AV.  B.  Paul,  Esq.  There  is,  however,  a 
parish  of  Wool  in  co.  Dorset. 

AVOOLLARD.  1.  Probably  the  same  as 
AVillard.  2.  AA^'ulfhard,  an  A-Sax.  personal 
name. 

AVOOLL  ASTON.  Parishes  In  cos.  Glou- 
cester and  Salop. 

AA'"OOLLEN.  An  ancient  personal  name, 
AA^ilfhun. 


WOR 


390 


WOR 


WOOLLETT.  Probably  Mie  same  as 
Willett. 

WOOLLEY.  WOOLEY.  Anciently 
written  Wolflege  and  Wolveley,  i.  e.,  Anglo- 
Saxonice,  '  wulfcs-leag,'  a  district  abound- 
ing in  wolves — tliename  of  many  localities 
in  Saxon  times.  See  the  force  of  corrup- 
tion in  words,  which  thus  brings,  like  Pha;- 
drus,  the  Wolf  and  the  Lamb  together.  For 
who  Avould  suspect,  under  cover  of  this 
fleecy  name,  the  presence  of  the  arch  enemy 
of  the  fold  ?  Truly  of  this  surname  it  may 
be  predicated,  that  it  is  a  wolf  in  sheep's 
clothing ! 

AVOOLLVEN.  An  under-tenant  in 
Domesday  is  written  Wluuen — evidently 
the  same  name. 

WOOLMAN.  A  dealer  in  wool.  Le 
Wollemongre.     IT.R. 

WOOLMER.  Wolmer  Forest  is  near 
Selborne,  co.  Hants;  but  the  surname  is 
more  probably  from  the  A-Sax.  personal 
name  Wulmer. 

WOOLNOTH.    WOOL^^OUGIL    The 

A-Sax.  personal  name  Ulnod,  or  Uluoth. 
An  ancient  baptismal  name,  common  in 
Domesday,  some  as  tenants  in  capite,  and 
others  as  having  held  lands  under  the  Con- 
fessor. 

WOOLRYCH.  The  A-Sax.  personal 
name  Ulrich,  Ulricus. 

WOOLSTAN.    WOOLSTON.     1.  The 

A-Sax.  personal  name  Wulfstan,  or  Ulfstan 
2.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Gloucester,  Lancas- 
ter, Bucks,  Chester,  Berks,  &c. 

WOORALL.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Wirral,  a  district  of  Cheshire. 

WOOSTER.  A  corruption  of  Worcester. 

WOOTTON.  Besides  parishes  in  many 
counties,  there  are  innumerable  manors, 
hamlets,  and  single  houses  in  England  so 
called.  The  word  is  A-Sax.,  and  signilies 
the  woody  enclosure. 

WORBOYS.  This  strange-looking  name 
appears  to  be  a  corruption  of  Verbois,  a 
village  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Rouen,  in 
Normandy. 

WORDSWORTH.  I.  e.,  "tlie  posses- 
sion of  Orde."  The  name  of  some  locality 
which  I  cannot  find.     See  Orde. 

WORKMAN.  A  labourer.  Le  Worc- 
man.     H.R. 

WORLD.  1.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
Worle,  a  parish  in  Somersetshire.  2.  The 
Old  Germ,  name  Worald,  i.  e.,  "  the  old 
man."    Ferguson. 

WORGE.  A  corruption  of  Worth.  The 
name  is  ancient  in  Sussex.  Robertus  de 
Wyrche  occurs  in  a  deed  of  6.  Edward  II. 
Tlie  manor  of  Worth  or  Werth,  in  the 
parishes  of  Brightling  and  Bnrwash,  be- 
came Wercke,  and  the  lands  of  which  it 
was  composed  are  now  known  as  Great  and 
Little  Worgo.  See  Duke's  Life  of  Major- 
Gen.  Worge,  1844. 


WORGE R.  Ferguson  deduces  it  from 
the  Teutonic  wev  or  vcr,  and  ger,  and  thus 
it  must  be  synonymous  with  Spearman. 

WORjMALD.  Probably  local,  the  last 
syllable  being  n-ald  or  ovoid.  Mr.  Ferguson, 
however,  makes  it  a  compound  of  two 
words,  signifying  "  the  old  serpent." 

WORME  WOOD.  Mentioned  by  Camden 
as  a  local  surname. 

WORI\iLEIGllTON.  A  parish  in  War- 
wickshire. 

WOR  IMS.  A  city  in  Germany,  well- 
known  in  history. 

WOR]\ISLEY.  A  parish  in  co.  Here- 
ford. 

WORNUM.      Warnham,     a    parish    in 

Sussex. 

WORRALL.  Worle  is  a  parish  in 
Somerset ;  and  Wirral  a  large  district  in 
Cheshire. 

WORSLEY.  A  manor  and  township  in 
Lancashire,  formerly  written  Workedley, 
where  the  family  are  said  to  have  resided 
temp.  William  I.  Sir  Elias  de  AVorkesley 
joined  the  lirst  Crusade  with  Robert,  Duke 
of  Xormandy.     Burke's  Ext.  Barts. 

WORSTER.  A  corruption  of  Worces- 
ter. 

1^"  WORTH.  A  very  usual  termination 
for  family  names,  as  Langworth,  Aius- 
worth,  AVhitworth,  Hepworth.  It  is 
"  possibly  iilentical  with  the  South 
Germ,  n-'oiih;  North  Germ,  wuurt;  a 
plot  of  ground  surj-ounded  with  water, 
but  elevated  above  it,  or  secured  with 
dykes  or  piles.  .  .  It  has  probably 
the  same  meaning  as  the  Low  German 
mortlic,  a  protected,  enclosed  home- 
stead." Leo's  Anglo-Saxon  Local  No- 
menclature, p.  50.  "  A  nook  of  land, 
generally  a  nook  lying  between  two 
rivers."  Halliwell.  In  some  places  it 
would  seem  to  mean  a  forest,  and  some- 
times a  i-oad  or  public  way.  "  Whether 
originally  land,  closes,  or  farms,  nvortlis 
were  acquired  properties.  The  old  expres- 
sion, 'What  is  he  worth?'  in  those  days 
meant,  '  Has  he  land  ?  Possesses  he 
real  property  ?'  If  he  had  secured  a 
AVorth  to  himself  he  was  called  ^ovortliy 
person,  and  in  consequence  had  worsliij), 
i.  e.,  due  respect  shewn  him.  A  north 
was  the  reward  of  the  free ;  and  per- 
chance the  fundamentals  of  English 
freedom  were  primarily  connected  with 
such  apparently  trivial  matters,  and 
produced  such  a  race  of  worthies  as  the 
proud  Greeks  and  haughty  Romans 
might  not  have  been  ashamed  of." 
From  a  lecture  by  Mr.  J.  Just,  of  Bury, 
CO.  Lancaster,  quoted  in  N.  &  Q.,  vii. 
584. 

WORTI-IAM.     A  parish  in  Suffolk. 

WORTHINGTON.  The  family  are 
traced  to  Worthiugton,  co.  Lancaster,  temp. 
Henry  III. 


WKI 


391 


WYC 


l^'  WORTHY.  A  termination  of  many 
local  surnames,  as  El  worthy,  Xose- 
■\vorthy,    Axworthy,    Langworthy.     A- 


Sax.     tveorthig, 
estate. 


a    farm,    manor, 


or 


WORTHY.  May  relate  to  worth  of  cha- 
racter, but  is  more  probably  local.  See 
preceding  article. 

WORTLEY.  Two  chapelries  in  the  W. 
Riding  of  Yorkshire. 

WORTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  Oxfordshire 
and  Wilts. 

WOTTON.  Parishes  and  places  in  many 
counties,  the  name  being  interchangeable 
with  Wootton. 

WOULDHAVE.  This  singular  name  is 
found  at  Shields;  but  as  it  is  sometimes 
spelt  Woodhave,  it  is  probably  a  compound 
of  the  two  topograplncal  terms  Wood  and 
Haugh,  and  therefore  local. 

WRATTEN.  A  Sussex  name— probably 
the  same  as  Ratton  of  Ratton,  in  Willing- 
don,  XIV.  cent. 

WRxlXALL.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Dorset,  Wilts,  and  Somerset.  The  baronet's 
family  are  styled  "of  AVraxall "  in  the 
last-named  county. 

AVRAY.     See  Ray. 

WREFORD.     A  place  in  Staffordshire. 

WREN.  WRENN.  Not  so  likely  from 
the  bird  as  from  the  town  of  Rennes  in 
Brittany.     In  H.R.,  however,  it  is  Wrenne. 

WRENCH.  1.  See  Olerenshaw.  2.  I 
think  it  must  have  had  another  and  more 
ancient  origin,  as  it  appears  in  its  present 
orthography,  and  without  prefix,  in  H.R. 

AYREY.  An  ancient  Devonshire  race, 
descended  from  Robert  de  Wrey,  who 
flourished  in  1136,  and  whose  son  was 
seated  at  Wrey,  in  the  parish  of  Moreton 
Hampstead,  from  which  lands  the  surname 
was  doubtless  borrowed.  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men. 

WRIGHT.  The  A-Sax.  loyrhta  signi- 
fies,  in  its  widest  sense,  the  same  as  the 
Lat.  fabev,  a  workman  of  any  kind,  but 
more  specifically  an  artificer  in  hard 
materials.  The  eminent  antiquary  who 
bears  this  surname  observes,  that  "Smith 
was  the  general  term  for  a  worker  in 
metals,  and  Wright  for  one  who  worked  in 
wood  and  other  materials.  Hence  in  the 
later  English  period  smith  became  the 
peculiar  name  of  a  blacksmith,  and  ivright 
of  a  carpenter,  as  it  is  still  in  Scotland." 
Wright's  Vocab.  p.  10.  And  in  tliis  way  it 
was  understood  in  Chaucer's  days.  He 
says  of  his  Reeve  : — 

"  He  was  a  -n-ell  good  liT/^/ii— a  carpenter." 
(Cant.  Tales.  Prol.  616.)  Standing  singly, 
no  doubt  it  generally  means  an  artificer  in 
wood,  but  its  compounds,  as  still  existing 
in  surnames,  show  that  workmen  in  other 
trades,  and  dealing  with  other  materials, 
were  designated  by  it,  as  Copperwright, 
Shoewright,  Glasswright,  Cheesewright. 


The  Boatwright,  Wainwright,  Car twright. 
Wheelwright,  Plowright,  Sievewright,  Ark- 
wright,  Tellwright,  Shipwright,  and  All  (or 
awl)  Wright  had  to  do  principally  with 
wood.  Goodwright  was  probably  a  maker 
of  goads  or  spear-points.     (A- Sax.  gud.') 

WRIGHTSMITH.  A  strange  compound, 
since  '  wright  'and  'smith'  were  originally 
identical.     See  Wright. 

WRIGHTSON.  The  son  of  a  Wright. 
See  Wright.  Cognate  surnames  are  Cook- 
son,  Smithson,  Stewardson,  &c. 

WRIOTHESLEY.     See  Wrottesley. 

WRITTLE.  A  parish  In  Essex,  De 
Writ  tie  occurs  in  the  XIII.  cent. 

WROTH  AM.  A  parish  in  Kent,  which 
gave  name  to  its  possessors  as  early  as  1. 
King  John.  They  are  supposed  to  have 
been  a  branch  of  the  great  Kentish  family 
of  Bering.  See  Curiosities  of  Heraldry,  p. 
305. 

WROTTESLEY.  This  family  are  said 
to  have  been  seated  at  Wrotteslej^  co.  Staf- 
ford, from  the  period  of  the  Conquest.  The 
pedigree,  however,  is  not  proved  beyond 
Hugo  de  Wrottesley,  lord  of  that  manor  in 
the  reign  of  Henry  III.  Sir  Hugh  Wrottes- 
ley, one  of  the  Founders  of  the  Order  of 
tlie  Garter,  the  head  of  the  house  temp. 
Edward  III.,  was  a  direct  ancestor  of  the 
present  Lord  Wrottesley.  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men. 

WULMER.     See  Woolmer. 

WYAND.     See  AVyon. 

WYATT.  Has  gone  through  the  various 
forms  of  Wyat,  Wiat,  Wyot,  and  Guyot,  or 
Guiot.  The  last-named  three  are  used  in- 
differently in  the  time  of  King  John,  and 
clearly  prove  the  derivation  of  the  name  as 
a  diminuti\'e,  from  the  Norman-French 
personal  name  Gui  or  Guido,  which  we 
have  also  received  in  the  form  of  Guj'. 
The  name  Guyatt  is  still  found  in  West 
Sussex. 

WYATTVILLE.  The  final  syllable  was 
added  to  the  ancient  and  respectable  name 
of  Wyatt,  by  way  of  ornament  (?)  so  lately 
as  the  reign  of  George  III.  for  the  gratifica- 
tion of  a  truly  Gothic  architect. 

WYBARN.  An  ancient  jjcrsonal  name. 
In  H.R.  Wyborn,  Wybourn,    Wyburn,  &c. 

WYBERGH.  In  38.  Edward  IIL,  Wil- 
liam de  Wybergh,  of  St.  Bees  in  Cumber- 
land, became  possessed  of  the  manor  of 
Clifton,  CO.  Westmoreland,  by  marriage 
with  the  heiress  of  Engayne,  and  there  the 
family  have  ever  since  resided.  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

WYBERN.     See  Wybarn. 

WYCH.  WYCHE.  A  salt  spring- 
whence  the  termination  of  Northwich, 
Droitwich,  Nantwich,  &c.  The  medieval 
form  is  De  la  Wyche,  the  surname  of  a 
canonized  bishop  of  Chichester. 

WYCLIFFE.     A  parish    in   the    North 


WYN 


392 


Fading  of  Yorkshire.     Here  John  cle  "Wy- 
cliffe,  the  reformer,  was  born  in  1324. 

WYE.  A  parish  in  Kent;  and  a  pic- 
turesque western  river. 

WYKEHAM.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos.  Lei- 
cester, York,  Lincohi,  &c.  It  is  often  con- 
founded with  Wickhain  and  Wycombe. 
The  birthplace  of  tlie  great  architectural 
bishop,  as  well  as  his  genealogy,  is  a  dis- 
puted point. 

The  Wykehams  of  Oxfordshire  are  traced 
to  the  commencement  of  the  XIV.  century, 
when  Robert  de  Wykeham  was  Lord  of 
Swalcliffe.  The  male  line  continued  till 
the  year  1800,  and  the  Baroness  Wenman, 
the  daughter  of  W.  H.  Wykeham,  Esq., 
who  died  at  that  date,  still  possesses  Swal- 
cliffe.  See  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men. 

WYKES.     See  Weekes. 

WYLD.     See  Wild.     Le  Wyld.     H.R. 

WYLDE.     See  Wild.     Le  AVylde.  H.R. 

WY^LIE.  A  parish  noiir  Hindoo,  co. 
Wilts,  now  more  conunonly  written  Wily. 

WYLLIE.     See  Wylie. 

WYLY^     See  Wylie. 

AV1''MAN.  Wimxuid,  an  A- Sax. personal 
name. 

W1''MARK.  An  obsolete  personal  naiue. 
Wymarek  Piggesteyl  was  an  inhabitant  of 
Winchelsea,  20.  Edw.  I.  Cooper.  It  is  a 
common  Christian  name  in  Domesday,  and 
succeeding  records  down  to  the  XIV.  cen- 
tury. 

WYMER.  Probably  Wymcrc,  or  Wy- 
mark,  which  see. 

AVYMPLER.  A  maker  of  n-ymplea,  a 
kind  of  cape,  covering  the  neck  and  shoul- 
ders— a  garment  much  in  vogue  in  the 
middle  ages.  Le  Wimpler,  Le  Wymplare, 
Le  Wimplir. 

WYMPSHURST.     See  Wilmshurst. 

WYND.  A  narrow  passage ;  a  word 
much  used  in  Scottish  toAvns.  H.R.  Wynd, 
and  De  la  Wynd. 

WYI^DHAjNL  Per  crasin  from  Wy- 
mondham  (that  is,  the  home  or  habitation 
of  Wimund,  a  Saxon  proprietor),  co.  Nor- 
folk..  The  Earls  of  Egremout  Avere  de- 
scended from  Ailwardus,  a  noble  Saxon, 
who  possessed  AVymondham  soon  after  the 
Conquest;  but  whether  he  was  a  descendant 
of  Wimund  does  not  appear.  Felbrigge,  in 
the  same  county,  was  for  many  ages  the 
seat  of  this  ancient  race,  who  afterwards 
removed  to  Orchard,  co.  Somerset,  which 
came  from  a  coheiress  of  Sydenham.  See 
Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

WYISTEi^.  A  correspondent  observes 
that,  "  the  name  of  Wynen  is  of  Dutch  de- 


WYN 

rivation.  The  family  date  from  the  XIV. 
century,  a  poet  standing  at  the  head  of  our 
genealogical  tree.  There  is,  as  you  well 
know,  a  place  called  Wynen- Dale  in  Hol- 
land, where  one  of  Marlborough's  victories 
was  gained.  I  would  fain  hope  that  our 
poetical  ancestor  had  somewhat  of  the 
honour  of  naming  the  dale  in  question. 
We  emigrated  from  Holland  about  75  years 
ago." 

Wl^NNE.  WY'NN.  Welsh.  The  same 
as  Gwynne — white,  fair.  All  Welsh  words 
commencing  with  G  drop  the  initial  in  cer- 
tain cases ;  thus  o^'-'V^h  when  employed  as 
an  epithet  to  a  proper  name,  becomes  ivyn, 
as  Hymel  Wyu— Howel  the  Fair. 

The  nol>le  and  gentle  families  of  Wynne, 
Wynn,  and  Winn,  are  derived  from  John 
Wynu  Ap  Hugh,  standard-bearer  at  the 
battle  of  Norwich,  A.D.  1519,  in  the  reign 
of  Edward  VI.,  who  traced  his  pedigree  to 
CoUwyn  ap  Tanguo,  lord  of  Ardudwy  and 
Eifionydd,  who  flourished  about  the  be- 
ginning of  the  X.  century,  and  resided  at 
Harlech  Castle. 

The  VVynns  of  Melai  descended  from 
Marchudd  ap  Cynau,  lord  of  Uwch  Dulas 
and  Abergele,  "who  lived  in  the  time  of 
Rodri  Mawe,  King  of  the  Britons,  about 
the  year  SIG."     Courthope's  Debrett. 

WY^ON.  From  Guyon,  a  Norman  per- 
sonal name ;  so  AVyatt  from  Guyot,  Was- 
conia  from  Gascony,  &c. 

AVYSE.  The  family  of  Wyse,  or  Wise, 
of  COS.  Cornwall,  Devonshire,  Waterford, 
&c.,  are  said  to  have  been  of  Grestou,  in 
the  first-named  county,  in  1167.  The  Irish 
branch  descend  from  one  of  the  followers 
of  Strongbow.     B.L.G. 

WYVILL.      WYVELL.      AVYVILE. 

May  be  the  same  as  Widvile,  ennobled  in 
the  XV.  cent,  as  Barous  and  Earls  Rivers. 
I  think,  however,  that  it  is  more  likely  to 
be  derived  from  an  A- Sax.  personal  name 
which  occurs  as  a  mark  of  proprietorship 
in  Wivelsfield,  Wivelsden,  co.  Sussex,  and 
Wiveliscombe,  co.  Somerset.  Leo  derives 
the  prefix  from  the  Meevil  (curculio  grana- 
rius),  which  is  most  unlikely. 

Mr.  Shirley  considers  the  Wyvills  of 
Burton-Constable,  in  Yorkshire,  "  an  an- 
cient Norman  family,"  and  descended  from 
Sir  Humphrey  de  Wyvill,  who  lived  at  the 
time  of  the  Conquest.  They  were  long 
seated  at  Slingsby,  co.  York.  See  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men,  p.  289.  "  An  elder  line  of 
this  family,  on  whom  the  baronetcy,  created 
in  1611,  has  descended,  is  said  to  be  resi- 
dent in  Maryland,  in  the  United  States  of 
America."     Ibid. 

WYNY^ARD.  A  vineyard.  In  the  ar- 
chives of  Battel  Abbey,  we  read  of  lands 
called  the  "W'yneyard  (de  terris  vncatis  le 
Wi/neijard),  and  those  lands  are  known  to 
have  been  planted  with  the  vine. 


Y  A  T 


393 


YEL 


X. 


1^  OLLOWING  the  method  of  a  Northern  natu- 
ralist, who  introduced  into  liis  work  a  chap- 
ter entitled  "  Concerning  Owls  in  Iceland," 
the  chapter  itself  consisting  of  the  words, 
"  There  are  no  Owls  in  Iceland,"  I  must  ob- 


serve, respecting  surnames  in  X,  simply 
that  there  are  no  surnames  in  X ;  for  the 
good  and  sufficient  reason  that  this  letter  is 
initial  to  no  English  word. 


Y. 


YaLDWYN.  Probably  an  A-Sax. 
personal  name,  Baldwin. 

YALE.  A  correspondent  styles  this  "  a 
genuine  Cambrian  name,  from  the  family 
seat  in  Flintshire."  ■ 

YALOWHAIRE.  From  the  colour  of 
the  original  bearer's  locks. 

YARBOROUGH.  A  parish  in  Lincoln- 
shire, where  the  family  were  anciently  re- 
sident. 

YARD.  YARDE.  A  close  or  enclo- 
sure.    Analogous  to  Croft,  Close,  &c, 

YARDLEY.  1.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Hertford,  Worcester,  and  Northampton.  2. 
An  ancient  family  of  the  name  were  lords 
of  Yardley,  co.  Stafford.  There  is  an  old 
joke  of  a  Cockney's  having  broken  his  jaw- 
bone in  an  unsuccessful  attempt  to  pro- 
nounce this  name. 

YARE.  A  river  in  Norfolk,  whence 
Yarmouth. 

YARNOLD.  A  west-country  pronun- 
ciation of  Arnold. 

YARNTON.     A  parish  in  Oxfordshire. 

YARRANTON.  Probably  the  same  as 
Yarnton. 

YARRELL.  Probably  the  same  as 
Yarrow. 

YARROLL.     See  Yarrow. 

YARROW.     A  parish  in  Selkirkshire. 

YARTIE.  According  to  the  Encycl. 
Herald,  a  Devonshire  family — Yartie  of 
Yartie. 


YATE. 


See  Yates. 
3  D 


YATES.  1.  In  some  dialects,  Y  and  G 
are  convertible  letters,  and  a  gate  is  called 
a  yatc  or  yat  : — 

"  Tliei'ewhiles  tlie  king  ate  mete  sat, 
The  lyoun  goth  to  play  ;ritliouten  the  yat." 
Gy  of  ^Varwite. 
In   the   North  of  England   a  gate-post  is 
called  a  yatc-stoop.     Halliwell.     The  name 
may  therefore  be  considered  another  form 
of  Gates.      2.    Sometimes  yate  appears  to 
signify  a  goat.     See   Archasologia,  xxxii. 
1S3. 
YAXLEY.        A  parish  in   Suffolk,    in 
which  county  the  family  were  formerly  re- 
sident. 

YEA.  An  old  Somersetshire  family, 
perhaps  identical  with  Yeo. 

YEAMAN.     The  same  as  Yeoman. 

YEAR.     Perhaps  the  same  as  Yare. 

YEARSLEY.  A  township  in  the  N. 
Riding  of  Yorkshire. 

YEATES,     The  same  as  Yates. 

YEATHERD.  Yeat  Is  apparently  the 
provincial  designation  of  some  species  of 
domestic  animal,  and  the  surname  there- 
fore belongs  to  the  same  class  as  Shepherd, 
Wetherherd,  Cowherd  (Coward),  Sec.  Qu. 
yoat-herd  1     See  Yates  2. 

YEATMAN.     See  Yeatherd. 

YELDHAM.  Two  parishes  in  Essex 
are  so  called,  and  in  that  county  an  armi- 
gerous  family  of  this  name  were  resident  in 
the  last  century. 

YELL.  Possibly  from  the  Shetland  isle 
so  denominated. 

YELLAND.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Yealand,  townships  in  Lancasliire. 


YOU 


394 


YUL 


YELLOW.  From  peculiarity  of  costume 
in  the  original  bearer — analogous  to  Blue, 
Scarlett,  &c. 

YELVERTON.  A  parisli  in  Norfolk, 
where  the  family  appear  to  have  dwelt  in 
early  times.  The  extinct  Earls  of  Sussex 
sprang  from  Andrew  de  Yelverton  of  that 
county,  who  flourished  temp.  Edward   II. 

YEO.  An  ancient  Devonshire  family. 
The  Teo  is  a  small  river  of  that  county,  a 
tributary  of  the  Cready  into  which  it  falls 
near  the  town  of  Crediton.  C.  S.  Gilbert 
derives  the  name  from  Tre-yeo,  in  the 
parish  of  Lancells,  near  Stratton,  co.  Corn- 
wall.    Hist.  Cornw.  ii.  335. 

YEOMAN.  A  freeholder;  the  first 
degree  of  commoners.  Some  "  define  a 
Yeoman  to  be  a  free-born  Englishman,  wlio 
may  lay  out  of  his  own  free  land  in  revenue 
to  the  sum  of  forty  shillings."  Bailey. 
Under  the  feudal  system  a  knight's  fee  was 
twenty  pounds,  whence  it  would  follow, 
that  an  ordinary  yeoman's  revenue  was 
one-tenth  part  of  that  of  the  knight ; 
though  some  Yeomen,  for  example  tiaose  of 
Kent,  were  much  richer.     See  Wliatman. 

YEOIMANS.  A  pluralization  of  Yeo- 
man. 

YEOWELL.  Perhaps  the  same  as 
Whewell,  or  as  Yule. 

YERBURGH.  An  ancient  spelling  of 
Yarborough. 

YERLE.  A  provincial  pronunciation  of 
Earl? 

YESTER.     A    parish    in    Haddington- 
shire. 
YETTS.     The  same  as  Yates. 

YNGLOYS.  An  old  spelling  of  Inglis 
or  English. 

YOE.     The  same  as  Yeo. 

YOLLAND.  Perhaps  a  provincial  pro- 
nunciation of  Holland,  which  see. 

YOOL.  Yule,  O.-Eng.  Christmas.  See 
Times  and  Seasons. 

YONGE.     An  old  spelling  of  Young. 

YORK.  YORKE.  The  great  northern 
city  has,  at  various  periods,  furnished  sur- 
names to  several  different  families. 

YOUDEN.    Eowthen  is  one  of  the  forms 


of  Odin  or  Woden,  the  Teutonic  divinity, 
and  Mr.  Ferguson  thinks  that  this  name  is 
identical. 

YOUEL.     The  same  as  Yule. 

YOUENS.  Probably  the  same  as  Ewins 
or  Evans. 

YOULE.     See  Yule. 

YOULTON.  A  township  in  the  N. 
Elding  of  Yorkshire. 

YOUNG.  This  very  well-known  sur- 
name appears  to  be  of  common  origin  with 
the  classical  Neander,  Juvenal,  &c.,  and  to 
refer  to  the  youth  of  the  first  bearer,  at  the 
time  Avhen  it  was  adopted  or  imposed.  The 
H.R.  forms  are  Juvenis  and  Le  Juvene,  and 
Le  Jeune  was  one  of  the  most  common  of 
Fr.  family  names.  Verstegan  says  :  "  YONG, 
of  his  fewness  of  years."  H.R.  Le  Yonge, 
Le  Yuuge. 

YOUNGE.     See  Young. 

YOUNGER.  A  literal  translation  of 
jimior,  as  applied  to  the  distinction  of  per- 
sons of  different  ages — the  antithesis  of 
Senior. 

YOUNGHUSBAND.  Applied  to  a  man 
who  had  married  at  an  early  age. 

YOUNGMAN.  The  same  as  Yoimg, 
the  second  syllable  being  an  unnecessary 
addition. 

YOUNGMAY.  Qu :  "  the  young 
maiden  ?"  See  under  Ivy.  Yungemay. 
H.R. 

YOUNGS.     A  pluralization  of  Young. 

YOUNGSON.         See     remarks     under 

Oldson. 

YSELDON.  (\pparently  an  antique  or- 
thography of  Iseldun,  now  Islington,  co. 
Middlesex. 

YULE.  The  O.-Eng.  (from  A-Sax.) 
designation  of  the  season — now  called 
Christmas.  See  Times  and  Seasons.  In 
the  curious  old  dictionary  of  Blount,  called 
Glossographia,  is  the  following  passage  : — 

"  In  Torksliire  and  our  other  northern  parts,  they 
have   an  old  custome  after  sermon  or  sei'vice    on 
Cliristmas  day;  tlie  people  will,  even  in  the  churches, 
cry  Ule,  Ule,  as  a  token  of  rejoicing,  and  the  common 
sort  run  about  the  streets  singing, 
"  Ule,  Ule,  Ule, 
Three  puddings  in  a  pule, 
Crack  nuts  and  cry  Ule." 


ZIM 


395 


ZO  u 


Z. 


AiACIIARY.     The  personal  name. 

ZEAL.  A  parish  in  Devonshire,  usually 
called  Zeal-Monachorum. 

ZIGZxVG.  A  shoemaker  at  Sydenham 
bore  this  name.  It  was  probably  a  sobri- 
quet of  recent  application,  in  mockery  of  a 
crooked  or  shambling  gait. 

ZILWOOD.  Local  :  the  same  as  Sil- 
wood. 

ZIMMERMANN.  German.  A  car- 
penter. This  name  appears  to  be  naturalized 
amongst  us. 

A  correspondent  at  Philadelphia  informs 
me,  that  "  William  Penn,  in  issuing  patents 
for  land  in  Pennsylvania,  was  in  the  habit 
of  translating  the  names  of  Germanswhen- 
ever  it  could  be  done  ;  thus,  the  Carpenter 
family  in  Lancaster  county  are  descended 
from  a  Zimmerman." 


ZOUCII.  The  baronial  family,  who 
gave  the  suffix  to  Ashby  de  la  Zouch,  co. 
Leicester,  M'ere  a  branch  of  the  Earls  of 
Brittany,  though  genealogists  differ  as  to 
the  precise  period  and  cadet.  The  founder 
of  the  race  in  England  was  William  le 
Zusche,  who  died  in  the  first  year  of  King 
John.  In  a  charter  he  calls  Roger  la 
Zusche  his  father,  and  Alan,  Earl  of  Brit- 
tany, his  grandfather.  Camden  mentions 
the  latinization  of  this  surname  as  "  De 
Stipite  Sicco  ("  of  the  dry  trunk  or  log  ") 
— for  William  de  la  Zouch,  Archbishop  of 
York,  is  so  called  in  this  verse,  for  his 
valour  in  an  encounter  against  the  Scottish- 
men  at  Bear-park,  1342 — 

"  Est  pater  invictus,  Sicco  de  Stipite  dictus,"  &c. 
For  Zouch  sigDifieth  the  stocke  of  a  tree  in 
the  French  tongue."     This  name  has  been 
spelt  in  a  great  variety  of  ways,  as  Souch, 
Such,  Zoche,  Zuche,  Zusch,  Zusche,  &c. 


Supplement 


14- 


"'  V-  -;-'  '  ■  cP  *i '.       ,    _ 


SUPPLEMENT. 


Note.— The  names  marked  with  an  asterisk  have  been  mentioned  in  the  body  of  the 

Dictionary. 


A. 


AbERDOUR.*     There  Is  also  a  place 

so  called  in  Fifeshire. 
ABETHELL.     Welsh;  the  son  of  Ethel, 

or  Ithel. 
ABEW.     Welsh,   Ab  Hugh,  the  son  of 

Hugh. 

ACKIIURST.  One  or  two  places  in  the 
Weald  of  Sussex  and  Kent  bear  this  name, 
which  signifies  "  the  wood  of  oak  trees," 
from  A-Sax.  Ae  and  hurst. 

ACLAND.*  "  Now  a  farm  in  the  parish 
of  Landkey  ;  it  is  thus  described  in  West- 
cote's  Devonshire  :— '  Then  Landkey  or 
Londkey;  and  therein  Acland,  or  rather 
Aukeland,  as  taking  name  from  a  grove  of 
oaks,  for  by  such  an  one  the  house  is  seated, 
and  iiath  given  name  and  long  habitation 
to  the  clarous  family  of  tlie  Aclauds,  wliicli 
have  many  years  here  flourished  in  wor- 
shipful degree.'  Hugh  de  Accalen  is  the 
first  recorded  ancestor;  he  was  living  in 
1155,  from  whom  the  present  Sir  Thomas 
Dyke  Acland  is  twenty-second  in  lineal 
descent."  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men. 

ACRE.  Though  now  a  definite  CLiuantity 
of  land,  acre  formerly  signified,  like  the 
Latin  a(/er,  a  field,  without  regard  to  its 
size.  This  name  may  therefore  be  regarded 
as  synonymous  with  Field. 

ACTON.*  Mr.  Shirley  says,  that  the 
Actons  of  Aldenham,  baronets,  spring  from 
Engelard  de  Acton,  of  Acton  Pigot  and 
Acton  Burnell,  wlio  was  admitted  on  the  roll 
of  guild-merchants  of  Shrewsbury  in  1209. 
General  Acton,  prime  minister  to  the  King 
of  Naples  for  twenty-nine  years,  commenc- 
ing in  1778,  was  of  this  family.  Nobleand 
Gentle  Men. 

ADERTON.  A  hamlet  in  the  W.  Rid- 
ing of  Yorkshire. 

ADERSTON.  Atherstone,  co.  Warwick, 
was  anciently  written  Adrestone. 


ADINSTOUN.  "  Of  that  Ilk— an  an- 
cient family  in  East  Lothian,  that  ended 
in  an  heiress,  who  married  Hepburn." 
Nisbet. 

ADLINGTON.  A  township  In  Lan- 
cashire. 

AFORDBY.  According  to  the  Encycl. 
Herald.,  the  family  formerly  resided  at  a 
place  so  called  in  Lincolnshire. 

AGARD.     See  Haggard. 

AGMONDESHx\.M.  The  town  now 
known  as  Amersham,  co.  Buckingham. 

AGRICOLL.  Agricola,  the  latinization 
of  Farmer, 

AIGHTON.     A  township  In  Lancashire. 

AITON.  Of  that  Ilk  In  Berwickshire, 
temp,  Robert  Bruce.     Nisbet. 

ALANBY.     See  AUenby. 

ALBERTON.  Albrlghton,  a  township 
in  Shropshire. 

ALBERY.  Albury,  parishes  in  cos. 
Hertford,  Oxford,  and  Surrey. 

ALDERSEY.*  The  progenitor  of  this 
family  was  Hugh  de  Aldcrsey,  of  Aldersey 
in  the  parish  of  Coddington,  co,  Chester, 
temp,  Henry  III.  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men. 

ALDERTOX.  See  Aldrlngton  In  this 
Supplement. 

ALDRINGTON.  A  parish  near  Brigh- 
ton, CO.  Sussex,  which  has  a  ruined  church, 
but  no  population.  At  a  recent  census  it 
had  but  one  inhabitant — the  keeper  of  a 
toll-gate.  It  appears  that  that  one  example 
of  the  gptms  liomn  had  lo.st  a  leg,  so  that 
the  retui-n  to  the  Eegistrar-General  ought 
to  have  stood  thus  : — 

Houses 1 

Inhabitants -j  ! 

This  place  was  originally  of  some  import- 
ance, and  the  surname  Aldrington  or 
Alderton  seems  to  have  been  adopted  from 


APO 


400 


ASH 


it  at  an  early  period.     In  the  latter  form  it 
still  exists  in  Sussex. 

ALEPSON.  The  firm  of  Alepson  and 
Co.,  of  London  (Greek  merchants),  origi- 
nally traded  as  "  Alephloghn,  Brotliers,  & 
Co."  which  tliey  afterwards  altered  into 
the  more  portable  name  of  Alepson. 

ALFRETON".     A  town  in  Derbyshire. 

ALINGTON.  The  Alingtons,  of  Swin- 
hope  in  Lincolnshire,  are  a  branch  of  the 
extinct  family  of  the  Lords  Alington  of 
Horseheath,  in  Cambridgesliire,  wlio  were 
originally  of  Alington  in  the  same  county, 
soon  after  tlio  Conquest.  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men. 

ALLARDYCE.*  "  This  family,"  says 
Nisbet,  "  got  a  charter  from  King  William, 
of  the  lands  of  Albretlds  in  the  sheriffdom 
of  Kincardine,  ....  now  Allardice, 
M'hich  has  ever  since  been  the  surname  of 
the  family." 

ALLI^^GTON.  Parishes  and  places  in 
cos.  Dorset,  Kent,  Sussex,  Wilts,  Suffolk, 
Devon,  Lincoln,  &c. 

ALNHAM.  A  parish  in  Northumber- 
land. 

ALNWICK.  A  Avell -known  castle  and 
town  in  Northumberland. 

ALTHAM.  A  chapelry  in  the  parish  of 
Wlialley,  co.  Lancaster. 

ALVASTON.     A  township  in  Cheshire. 

ALVERTHORPE.  A  township  In  the 
W.  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  more  commonly 
known  as  Allerthorpe. 

AMBOROW.  Probably  a  corruption 
of  Hamborough. 

ANGLE.     See  Nannie. 

ANKITTEL.  In  Ireland,  and  written 
temp.  Richard  II.,  Angetale,  is  doubtless 
the  same  as  tlie  English  Anchitel. 

ANNE.*  The  name  is  local.  The  pedi- 
gree begins  with  Sir  William  de  Anne, 
Constable  of  the  castle  of  TickJiill,  co.  York, 
temp.  Edward  II.  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men. 

ANNESLEY.*  Ralph,  surnamed  P>rito, 
of  Annesley,  living  in  1156,  is  assumed  to 
liave  been  the  son  of  Richard,  of  Annesley, 
mentioned  in  Domesday.  The  estate  con- 
tinued in  the  family  till  the  extinction  of 
the  male  line  in  I4o7,  when  it  went  with 
the  liciress  to  the  Chaworths. 

AP  BRAN.  Welsh-the  son  of  Bran 
(Brennus). 

APELDERFIELD.        Local  ;    A-Sax., 

"  the  held  of  the  apple-tree."   -See  Apple- 
tree. 

APOSTLES.*  As  a  pendant  to  tlie 
anecdote  in  Eng.  Surn.  ii.  159,  respecting 
a  Sussex  peasant  desiring  the  clergyman  to 
give  his  child  the  name  of  Acts  oTostlcs, 
I  may  note,  that  among  the  Eegistrar- 
General's  nominal  curiosities,  thci-e  occurs 


in  1810,  as  witness  to  a  marriage,  the  name 
of  Acts  Ajjostles  Tong  1 

APULDERFIELD.     See  Apelderfield. 

ARCIIBOLD.*  The  Archbolds  of  Ire- 
land claim  a  Danish  origin.  The  name 
occurs  1.  Henry  IV. 

ARCHDALL.  The  Archdalls  of  Castle- 
Archdall,  co.  Fermanagh,  are  of  English 
extraction.  The  founder  of  the  family  in 
Ireland,  temp.  Elizabeth,  was  John  Arch- 
dall  of  Norton  Hall,  co.  Norfolk.  The 
locality  of  Archdall  is  unknown. 

ARCHES.     See  Darke. 

ARCIIEVER.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of 
the  Fr.  Archevcque,  arclibishop.  See  anec- 
dote under  Ecclesiastical  Surnames. 

ARCHIE.*  Nisbet  says  "  of  that  Ilk;" 
but  does  not  mention  the  locality,  which  I 
conceive  it  would  be  difficult  to  find.  See 
article  "  Of  that  Ilk." 

ARDBOROUGH.  Probably  local  In 
Scotland. 

ARDEN.*  "  No  family  In  England  can 
claim  a  more  noble  origin  than  the  house 
of  Arden,  descended  in  the  male  line  from 
the  Saxon  Earls  of  War^vick  before  the 
Conquest.  The  name  was  assumed  from 
the  woodlands  of  Arden,  in  the  North  of 
Warwickshire,  by  Siward  de  Arden,  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  L,  which  Siward  was 
grandson  of  Alwin,  the  sheriff,  in  the  reign 
of  Edward  the  Confessor."  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

ARDINGTON.     A  parish  in  Berkshire. 

ARMIGILL.  An  ancient  Tei'tonlc  per- 
sonal name,  formerly  Hci'mengild.  The 
Roman  church  honours  a  confessor  called 
Armagill  on  the  IGth  of  August. 

ARMSTRANG.  A  provincial  pronun- 
ciation of  Armstrong. 

ARNET.  Said  by  Nisbet  to  be  "  of  that 
Ilk" — perhaps  identical  withArnot,  a  place 
in  the  parish  of  Stow,  co.  Edinburgh. 

ARNWAY.     Local.     See  Arn. 

ARNWOOD.     Local.     See  Arn. 

ARSCOT.     A  corruption  of  Ascot. 

ARTIIINGTON.  A  township  in  tlie  W. 
Riding  of  Yorkshire  gave  name  to  this 
family,  at  an  eaily  period,  Peter  de  Ard- 
ington,  or  Arthiugton,  about  the  reign  of 
Stephen,  founded  a  priory  of  Cluniac  nuns 
there. 

ARUNDELL.*     According  to   Iloare's 

Wiltshire,  there  is  no  evidence  whereby  to 
afliliatc  the  Arundells  of  Wardour  to  the 
Rogerius  A.  of  Domesday  ;  though  this  is 
strongly  probable.  This  ancient  and  in- 
fluential family  were  formerly  characterized 
as  "  THE  GKEAT  Akuxdells."  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

ASGiLL.     Local.     See  Gill. 

ASH  BURY.  Parishes  in  Berkshire  and 
Devonshire, 


BAL 


401 


BAR 


ASHBORNE.  Ashbourue,  a  town  in 
Derbyshire. 

ASHBROOK.  A  parish  in  Gloucester- 
shire. 

ASHBURNHAM.*  Camden  charac- 
terizes the  Ashburnhams  as  "  the  most 
ancient  family  of  these  tracts ;"  and  Fuller 
speaks  of  them  thus  : — "  My  poor  and 
plain  pen  is  willing,  though  unable,  to  add 
any  lustre  to  this  family  of  stupendous 
anii/^idti/ — a  family  wherciu  the  eminency 
hath  equalled  the  antiquity  thereof." 
Worthies,  iii.  233.  See  also  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men. 

ASHBURT0:N.     a  town  in  Devonshire. 

ASHPITEL.  The  tamlly  have  a  tradi- 
tion that  their  name  was  originally 
Aspinel;  but  I  think  it  iiiore  probable  that 
it  is  a  provincialism  for  Hospital.  See 
Spital. 

ASHURST.*  A  Lancashire  family  of 
good  antiquity,  and,  until  the  middle  of  the 
last  century,  lords  of  Ashurst  in  that 
county,  where  they  appear  to  have  been 
seated  not  long  after  the  Conquest.  Shir- 
ley's Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

ASKERTON.  A  township  of  Laner- 
cost,  CO.  Cumberland. 

ASSHETON.  An  old  Lancashire  fomily, 
originally  seated  at  Assheton-under-Lyne, 


tincle  nomcn.  From  them  proceeded  two 
lines  of  baronets,  and  the  Asshetons  of 
Downham.  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men. 

ASTLEY."^     Astley  Castle,  co.  Warwick, 

was  the  residence  of  the  family  so  early  as 
12.  Henry  II.,  and  the  earliest  known  pro- 
genitor is  Philip  de  Estlega,  who  then 
flourished.     Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 


ASTROBY. 

colnshire. 


Asterby,  a  parish  in  Lin- 


ATCLIFFE.     See  At. 

ATTERILL.     See  Trill. 

ATTREE.  "  At-the-Tree."  From  re- 
sidence near  some  remarkable  Tree.  This 
name  is  somewhat  abundant  in  the  forest 
districts  of  Sussex  and  the  adjacent  coun- 
ties. 


AUCHTERLONY. 

terlonv. 


The  same  as  Och- 


The  same  as  St.  Aubyn. 
See  Stanley. 
The   L'ish   Aylmers  claim 


AUBEYNE. 
AUDELEY. 

AYLMER.* 

descent  from  Ailmer,  Earl  of  Cornwall,  who 
lived  in  the  reign  of  Kiug  Ethelred.  They 
settled  in  Ireland  at  the  close  of  the  XVI. 
century.     D'Alton. 

AYDE.     An  occasional  spelling  of  Ade. 


13. 


13aCKIE.  Backies  is  a  village  in  the 
parish  of  Golspie  in  Sutherlandshire. 

BACK^VELL.  A  parish  in  Somerset- 
shire. 

BACONTIIORP.  Baconsthorpe,  a 
parish  in  Norfolk. 

BADBY.  A  parish  in  Northampton- 
shire. 

BAGLEY.  An  extra-parochial  liberty 
in  Berkshire. 

BAGWORTH.  A  chapelry  in  Leices- 
tershire. 

BAILDON.  A  chapelry  in  the  AY.  Rid- 
ing of  Yorkshire. 

BALCASKIE.     An  estate  in  Carnbce,  co. 

Fife,   where  the   family  dwelt  in  ancient 

times. 
BALDEN.     1.  A  corruption  of  Baldwin. 

2.  There  are  two  parishes  in  Oxfordshire 

called  Baldon. 


BALDERSTON.*  NIsbet  says,  "Of  that 
Ilk,"  in  CO.  Linlithgow.  The  name  is 
found  iu  the  Eagman  Roll  as  Balderstoun 
and  Bauderston. 

BALDYvIN.*  The  Baldwins  of  KInlet, 
CO.  Salop,  are  supposed  to  be  of  Norman 
origin ;  but  the  pedigree  appears  to  be 
traced  only  to  the  XIV,  century.  The 
head  of  the  family  having  married  a  co- 
heiress of  Childe,  took  that  name,  which 
his  posterity  now  consequently  bear.  Shir- 
ley's Noble  and  Gentle  3Ien. 

BAMFYLDE.  Lord  Poltimore's  family 
descend  from  John  Baum  field,  who  became 
possessed  of  Poltir.iore,  co.  Devon,  temp. 
Edward  I. ;  but  the  pedigree  can  be  traced 
three  generations  before  that  period.  Shir- 
ley's Noble  and  Gentle  IMen.  Bampfylde 
(which  see)  is  an  orthographical  variation. 

BARBER.*  The  common  latlnlzationof 
this  name  in  the  middle  ages  was  Barbiton- 
sor. 

BARDEN.     A  township  in  Yorkshire. 


BAS 


402 


BER 


BARD  WELL.     A  parish  in  Suffolk. 

BARKHAIM.  A  pnrisli  in  Berkshire, 
and  a  manor  in  E.  Sussex. 

BARKSTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Leicester  and  Lincoln. 

BARLEYMOW.  Probably  from  an  inn 
sign  in  some  rural  locality. 

BARNACLE.*  Barnakarl  or  Barnakal 
was  a  surname  or  nickname  given  to  a 
celebrated  Norwegian  pirate  named  Olver, 
•who,  setting  his  face  against  the  then 
fashionable  amusement  of  tossing  children 
on  spears,  was  nicknamed  by  his  com- 
panions, to  shew  their  sense  of  his  odd 
scruples,  Barnaharl,  that  is,  "  Baby's  Old 
Man."    Ferguson. 

BARNARDISTON.*  Mr.  Shirley 
characterizes  the  B's,  of  the  Ryes  co.  Suf- 
folk, as  "  a  very  remote,  but  the  only  re- 
maining, branch  of  what  was  in  former 
ages  the  most  important  family  in  Suffolk, 
descended  from  Geoffry  de  Barnardiston  of 
Barnardiston,  in  that  county,  who  was 
living  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I."  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men. 

BARNSLEY.  A  parish  in  Gloucester- 
shire. 

BARNSTON".*  I  ventured,  in  the  body 
of  the  work,  to  suggest  that  Barnston  was 
a  contraction  of  Barnardiston.  This  might 
seem  warranted  by  a  similarity  of  arms,  as 

.  Avell  as  that  of  orthography  :— 

Barnardiston.    Azjire,  afesse  dancettee 
Ermine,  hctmeen  six  cross-crosslets,  Argent. 
Barnston.  Azure,  afesse  indented Erm Uie, 
Ictween  six  cross-crosslets  fitchee,  Or. 

Further,  it  may  be  observed  that  an  an- 
cestor of  this  family,  Thomas  de  Bernaston, 
temp.  Edw.  IIL,  bore  his  cross-crosslets 
Argent,  like  the  Barnardistons ;  and,  as  all 
heraldrists  know,  the  difference  between 
dancettee  and  indented  is  a  modem  dis- 
tinction. 

ButjUotwithstanding  this  great  similarity, 
not  to  say  identity,  of  arms,  the  families  ap- 
pear to  be  strangers  in  blood ;  for  the  Barn- 
stons  of  Churton,  co.  Chester,  descend 
from  Hugh  de  Barnston,  who  was  lord  of  a 
moiety  of  Barnston  in  that  county,  2L 
Edward  I.  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men. 

BARON.*  Baroun,  or  Baron,  occurs  in 
CO.  Tipperary,  temp.  Edw.  II.  Burke 
thinks  that  the  family  were  a  branch  of 
the  sept  of  FitzGerald,  who  "  having  been 
created  palatine  Barons  of  Burnchurch, 
used  to  distinguish  themselves  by  adopting 
the  title  as  their  patronymic."  D'AIton. 
This  is,  however,  improbable. 

BARROWMAN,  The  first  of  this  name 
probably  had  his  awelling  by  some  harrow 
or  tumulus. 

BARSTON.  A  parish  in  Warwick- 
shire. 

BASKERVYLE.  The  same  as  Basker- 
ville.  According  to  Ormerod's  Cheshire, 
iii,  355,  the  Baskervyles  of  Old  Withington, 


now  Glegg,  are  descended  from  Sir  John 
Baskervyle,  grantee  of  a  moietj'  of  With- 
ington in  1266,  and  that  estate  has  ever 
since  remained  in  the  family. 

BASNET.  O.  Fr.  hasimet  or  bassinet,  a 
helmet. 

BATTLSCOMBE.  A  manor  near  Lyme 
Regis,  CO.  Dorset,  in  which  county  the 
family  pedigree  is  traced  to  the  XV.  cent. 
Sec  Hutchins's  Dorsetshire,  i.  536. 

BEACHCROFT.    See  Beechcroft. 

BEADS.  Probably  a  genitive  form  of 
Bede,  the  personal  name. 

BECUDA.     See  Delanoy. 

BEALE.*  The  Le  Beale  of  the  Hundred 

Rolls  is  probably  the  Fr.  le  Bel,  referring 
to  personal  beauty. 

BEARTUP.  This  strange  name  was 
formerly  written  Bateup ;  and  the  last 
syllable  is  probably  a  corruption  of  ho2}e,  a 
valley. 

BEATAGH.  Uy.  D'.AJton  considers  the 
family  settled  in  co.  Meath,  in  the  XIV. 
century,  to  have  been  of  Danish  origin. 

BEAUFICE.     Tlie  same  as  Beaufitz. 

BEAUFITZ.  The  A-Norm.  form  of 
heau-jUs,  a  son-in-law,  or  step-son. 

BEECHCROFT.  Local  :  «  the  croft 
where  beech-trees  abound." 

BELCHES.  Nisbet  says,  "of  that  Bk;" 
but  where  the  Ilk  is,  I  find  not. 

BELFIELD.  An  anglicized  form  of 
Belleville. 

BELLARNEYS.  An  O.-Fr.  form  of  the 
name  Beauharnois,  having  reference  to  the 
"  beautiful  armour  "  of  the  first  bearer. 

BELLEVILLE.  A  Fr.  local  name, 
signifying  "  the  fair  or  beautiful  town." 
There  are  several  places  so  called  in  Nor- 
mandy. 

BEL  WELL.  A  corruption  of  Belle- 
ville. 

BENION.  BENYON.  Enion,  an  an- 
cient Welsh  personal  name,  prefixed  by  Ab, 
became  Benion.     So  Barry,  Bevan,  &c. 

BENVILLE.  Perhaps  Benouviile. 
Three  places  in  Normandy  are  so  called. 

BENVVELL.     A  corruption  of  Benville. 

BEREWASHE.  An  old  orthography  of 
Burwash,  co.  Sussex. 

BERINGTON.  A  place  in  the  hundred 
of  Condover,  co.  Salop.  The  Beringtons 
of  Winsley,  co.  Hereford,  spring  from 
Thomas  and  Roger  de  Berington,  who 
were  living  at  tlie  place  indicated  in  the 
reigns  of  Edward  I.  and  II. 

BERKENHEAD.     Birkenhead,  a  town 

in  Cheshire. 

BERNACK.  A  parish  in  Northamp- 
tonshire, the  ancient  possession  of  the 
family.     The  heiress  of  the  male  line  was 


BIR 


403 


married  early  in  the  XV.  cent,  to  Viuceut. 
See  Shirley's  Noble  aud  Gcutle  Men. 

BERRYMAN.  See  Burgh,  and  the 
teriuination  MAK. 

BETTON.  The  ancestor  of  this  family, 
Walter  de  Bettou,  had  a  freehold  estate  at 
Be tton- Strange,  near  Shrewsbury,  temp. 
Edward  I.  The  head  of  the  house  changed 
his  name  to  Bright  not  many  years  since. 
Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

BEVELL.     See  Beville. 

BEVERCOT.  Bevercoates,  a  parish  in 
Nottinghamshire. 

BEVERSTONE.  A  parish  in  Glouces- 
tershire. 

BEVILLE.  Perhajjs  Beuville,  near  Caen, 
in  Normandy. 

BEWFICE.    See  Beaufitz. 

BEWIMARRIS.  Beaumaris,  a  town  in 
Anglesey. 

BICKERSTAFF.*  The  definition  is 
erroneous — the  name  being  local,  from 
Bickerstaffe,  a  township  in  the  parish  of 
Ormskirk,  co.  Lancaster,  which  in  early 
times  belonged  to  the  family.  It  was  some- 
times written  Bickerstath,  whence  Bicker- 
steth. 

BICKERSTATH.  A  corruption  of 
Bickerstaffe. 

BICKERSTETH.*  See  Bickerstaff 
above. 

BICKERTON.*  Nisbet  says  "of  that 
Ilk,"  hut  does  not  indicate  the  locality. 

BIDDULPII.*  "Traced  to  Ormus, 
mentioned  in  the  Domesday  Survey.  He 
-was,  it  is  said,  of  Norman  descent,  and  is 
supposed  to  have  married  the  Saxon  heiress 
of  Biddulph,  from  whence  the  name  was 
afterwards  assumed."  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men. 

BIDLAKE.  A  place  in  Somersetshire, 
once  in  the  possession  of  the  family.  Encycl. 
Herald. 

BIGBURY.     A  parish  in  Devonshire. 

BINNING.  An  ancient  parish  in  co. 
Linlithgow,  where  the  family  were  formerly 
resident. 

B^°  BIRDS.        ]\rr.    Clark's    amusing 
classification    had   not  appeared  when 
the  first  sheets  of  this  worii  were  printed 
off;  and  1  will,  therefore,  insert  in  this 
place  the   names   wliich   prima  facie 
seem  to  have  been  bori-owed  from  this 
part  of  the  animal  creation. 
"  Blackbird,  Cuckoo,  Duck  and  Drake, 
Chaffinch,  Chicken,  Crow  and  Crake; 
Goose  and  Gander,  Cock  and  Henn, 
Pheasant,  Falcon,  Lark  and  Wren  ; 
Linuett,  Eagle,  Nightingale, 
Gosling,  Duckling,  Grouse  and  Quail; 
Partridge,  Goldfinch,  Pidgeon,  Dove, 
(Emblem  of  connubial  love)  ; 
Heron,  Reeve,  Seal,  Darter,  Ilawke, 
Fowl,  Woodpecker,  Finch  and  Stork  ; 
3  E 


BLO 

Robin,  Raven,  Rooke  and  Ruff, 
Capon,  Peacock,  Coot  and  Chough  ; 
Bustard,  Bunting,  Buzzard,  too, 
Throstle,  Bantam,  Bill  and  Coo  ; 
Sparrow,  Starling,  Goshawk,  Snipe, 
Crane,  Chick,  Wildgoose,  Creeper,  Kite ; 
Martin,  Pyefiuch,  Parrott,  Swallow, 
Titmouse,  hiding  in  the  hollow  ; 
Birdseye,  Bird,  Egg,  Plume  and  Feather, 
Not  inaptly  brought  together ; 
Daw,  Kingfisher,  Swan  and  Diver, 
Often  seen  upon  the  river ; 
Hooper,  Hobby,  Thrush  and  Knott, 
Gull,  not  easy  to  be  caught; 
Mallard,  Goldhawk,  Jay  and  Heme, 
All  from  the  tribe  of  Birds  we  learn." 

BIRKEN.     See  Birkin. 

BIRKIN.     A  parish  in  the  West  Riding 

of  Yorkshire. 

BIRLINGI-IAM.  A  parish  in  Worces- 
tershire. 

BISHOPSDALE.  A  township  in  the 
N.  Riding  of  Yorkshire. 

BISHOPTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Durham  and  York,  are  so  designated. 

BISHTON.  A  parish  in  Monmouth- 
shire. 

BISLEY.  Parishes  in  Gloucestershire 
and  Surrey. 

BISPHAM.     Two   places  in  Lancashire 

are  so  called. 

BISSETT.*  TJie  Bissetts  of  Scotland 
were  in  that  kingdom  temp.  Malcolm  IIL 
Nisbet. 

BITTERPLUM.     See  Sweetapple. 

BLABY.     A  parish  in  Leicestershire. 

BLACKADAR.  See  Blackadder.  The 
lands  of  B.,  where  the  family  anciently 
dwelt,  are  in  Berwickshire. 

BLACKENSOP.     See  Blenkinsopp. 

BLADEN.     See  Bladon. 

BLADES]\IITH.  A  forger  of  sword- 
blades. 

BLAKENHAl^J.  Great  and  Little  Bla- 
kenham  are  parishes  in  co.  Sulfolk. 

BLANCHARDEN.  This  name  Is  given 
in  Encj-cl.  Herald,  as  belonging  to  co. 
Kent,  and  it  is  probably  identical  with 
Blechenden. 

BLANK.     Fr.  hlanc.     AVhite. 
BLARE.     The  same  as  Blair. 
BLATCIIFORD.     An  estate  near  Cora- 
wood,  CO.  Devon. 
BLECHENDEN.     See  Den. 

BLETSHO.  Bletsoe,  a  parish  In  Bed- 
fordshire. 

BLEVERH ASSET.  A  common  mis- 
spelling, in  old  writings,  of  Blennerhasset. 

BLITHFIELD.     See  Blythfield. 

BLOCKLEGH.     Sec  Bleckley. 


BON 


404 


BOS 


BLOMER.     See  Bloomer. 

BLOORE.     A  township  in  StaSbrdshire. 

BLOSSOM.  Possibly  a  corruption  of 
Bloxham,  or  of  Bloxholme,  parishes  in 
COS.  Oxon  and  Lincoln. 

BLOUNDELL.     The  same  as  Blundell. 

BLYTHFIELD.  A  parish  in  Stafford- 
shire. 

BOBKIN.  BOBKING.  A  diminutive 
of  Bob,  from  Eohert. 

BOCKEN.     A  corruption  of  Booking. 

BODEPIAM.     An   old  form  of  Bodiam. 

BODELSGATE.  An  old  Cornwall  sur- 
name, and  probably  local  in  that  county. 

BODENHAM.  "  Huoh  de  Bodenham, 
lord  of  Bodenham  in  Herefordshire,  grand- 
father of  Eoger,  who  lived  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  III.,  is  the  ancestor  of  this  family, 
who  were  afterwards  of  Monington,  and  of 
Kotherwas,  about  the  middle  of  the  XV. 
century."  Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle 
Men. 

BODIAM.  BODYAM.  A  parish  and 
manor  in  Sussex.  The  family,  who  were 
of  Norman  origin,  were  descended  from 
Osbern  de  Bodiam,  otherwise  FitzHugL, 
who  held  Bodiam  at  the  making  of  Domes- 
day. The  elder  line  became  extinct  in  the 
XIII.  cent.  Lower's  Bodiam  and  its  Lords. 
Lond.  1857. 

BODYHAM.     See  Bodiam. 

BOKELAND.     The  same  as  Buckland. 

BOKENHAM.  An  old  spelling  of 
Buckenham,  a  town  in  Norfolk. 

BOLDINGTON.  Probably  Bollington, 
the  name  of  two  townships  in  Cheshire. 

BO]SFD.*  Mr.  Shirley,  speaking  of  the 
Bonds  of  Grange  and  Button,  co.  Dorset, 
says  : — "  Originally  of  Cornwall,  and  said 
to  be  a  family  of  great  antiquity,  but  not 
connected  with  Dorset  till  tlie  middle  of  the 
XV.  century,"    Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

BONEFAT.  A  queer  corruption  of 
Bonenfaut,  a  wcll-knov/n  Fr.  surname, 
equivalent  to  our  Goodchild. 

BONEFIELD.     The  same  as  Bonfield. 

BONFIELD.  An  anglicization  of  Bon- 
vilie. 

BONFOY.  Fr.  honne-foi,  "good  faith." 
Analogous  to  Beaufoy. 

BONGEY.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Bungay,  a  town  in  Suffolk. 

BOXNINGTON".     A  parish  in  Kent. 

BONNYMAN.  This  Scottish  surname 
may  be  considered  a  sj-nouym  of  Pretti- 
man. 

BOXOVRIER.  The  Encycl.  Herald. 
gives  this  name  as  of  Loudon  and  France. 
It  is  of  course  bon  owvrler,  "  the  good 
workman." 


BONSOR.  Probably  Fr.  bon-sieur,  "  the 
good  lord  or  master." 

BONUS.     The  latinization  of  Good. 

BONWICK.     A  township  in  Yorkshire. 

BONYMAN.  Possibly  an  anglicization 
of  the  Fr.  honhomme.  The  armorials  of  this 
family  are  somewhat  odd,  viz. :  Argent,  a 
naked  man  shooting  an  arrow  out  of  a  bow, 
Gules.     Encycl.  Herald. 

BONYTON.     The  same  as  Bonithon. 

BOOKE.  Perhaps  from  the  Fr.  houc,  a 
he-goat,  with  reference,  possibly,  to  the  beard 
of  the  first  owner  of  the  name.  Barbe  de 
houc  is  a  phrase  still  in  use  to  designate  a 
small  tuft  of  long  hair  under  the  chin. 

BOORNE.     See  Bourne. 

BORAGE.  One  of  the  numerous  cor- 
ruptions of  the  baronial  Burghersh  or  Bur- 
wash, 

BORDET.     The  same  as  Burdett. 

BOREFIELD.     The  same  as  Burheld. 

BOREFORD.     See  Burford. 

BORIIUNT.  The  Hampshire  family 
doubtless  took  their  name  from  Boarhunt, 
a  pai'ish  in  that  county. 

BOROUGH.*  The  Boroughs  ofChet- 
wynd,  CO.  Salop,  are  lineally  descended 
from  Robert  Boroivc,  noticed  by  Leland  in 
his  Itiuerar}'-,  which  Robert  died  in  1418. 
Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

BOROWDEN.  Borrowden  a  township 
of  Northumberland. 

BORSELLE.  Borezell,  an  estate  in  the 
parish  of  Ticehurst,  co.  Sussex. 

BORTHICK.     The  same  as  Borthwick. 

BORTHWICK,*  The  founder  of  this 
family  is  said  to  have  come  into  Scotland 
from  Hungary,  ^vith  Queen  Margaret. 
Thomas  de  Borthwick  is  mentioned  in  a 
charter  of  temp.,  Alexander  II.     Nisbet. 

BOSCO.  Probably  retained  from  the 
latinization  of  At-Wood  or  Du-Bois,  which 
was  De  Bosco. 

BOSCOAN.     A  corruption  of  Boscawen. 

BOSISTOW.  An  estate  in  the  parish  of 
St.  Lcvan  in  Cornwall,  which  "  in  remote 
times"  belonged  to  the  family.  D.  Gil- 
bert's Cornwa]]. 

BOSLEY.*  Bosley  Is  a  chapelry,  not  a 
parisli. 

BOSSOjNI.  a  cori'uption  of  Bosham,  a 
jiarish  in  Sussex. 

BOSSON.  This  family,  formerly  in  Devon, 
Leicester,  and  other  counties,  were  doubt- 
less of  French  extraction.  Tlie  name  is 
probably  the  Norm.  Fr.  boson,  a  buckler  or 
shield. 

BOSTALL.     See  Borstall. 

BOSUSTO\Y.     See  Bosistovv. 

BOSAVELL.*  Nisbet  says:  "The  first 
of  this  name  is  said  to  liave  been  a  Norman, 


BOX  405 


BRA 


aud  to  have  oome  into  Scotland  in  the 
reign  of  IMalcolni  III.,  and  possessed  lands 
in  the  Mevse,  called  after  them  (his  descen- 
dants) Boswell  Lands." 

BOTELER.     See  Botiler. 

BOTERELL.     The  same  as  Botreux. 

BOTHELL.  Bothel,  atownship  in  Cum- 
berland. 

BOTHWELL.  "As  for  the  antiquity 
of  this  name,  the  first  that  I  have  met  with 
is  one  Arthur  Bothwell,  of  Adam,  who  was 
knighted  by  King  James  IV.,  whose  sou 
was  likewise  a  knight,  called  Sir  Francis." 
Nisbet.  The  name  is  derived  from  the 
parish  of  Bothwell,  in  Lanarkshire,  famous 
for  its  beautiful  scenery,  celebrated  in  an- 
cient song — 

"  Bothwell  bank  thou  bloomest  fair '." 

BOTLESHAM.  Probably  Bottisham,  a 
parish  in  Cambridgeshire. 

^*^  BOTTOM.*  Mr.  Ferguson  says  that 
"  one  half  of  the  Directory  may  be  said 
to  explain  the  other  half.  Take  for 
instance  the  names  ending  in  Vottoin, 
v.'hich  signifies  a  valley,  or  low  ground. 
We  have : — 

Rowbottom,         Eamsbottom, 
Rosebottom,  Tarbottam, 

Shoebotham,         Winterbottom, 
Sidebottom,  Higginbottom, 

and  Shufflebottora. 
Turn  to  the  Directory,  aud  we  find  the 
names  : — 
Rowe,  Eamm, 

Rose,  Tarr, 

Shew,  AVinter, 

Side,  Higgin, 

and  Shufiil, 
and  all  the  previous  list  are  at  once  ex- 
plained as  names  of  places  derived  from 
those  of  their  owners." 

This  is  ingenious,  and  may  be  in  part 
correct,  but  I  strongly  doubt  if  the  nine 
names  cited  existed  as  personal  names 
in  A-Sax.  times. 

BOUGHTON.*  The  family  of  Boughton, 
baronets,  derive  themselves  from  Robert 
de  Boveton,  whose  grandson  William  de 
Boveton  was  living  temp.  Edw.  III.  The 
family  possessed  Lawford,  co.  Warwick,  by 
marriage  with  the  heiress  of  Allesley, 
temp.  Henry  VL,  and  there  they  resided 
till  the  year  1781,  when  the  representative 
of  the  family,  Sir  Theodosius  Boughton, 
was  poisoned  by  his  brother-in-law.  John 
Donellan,  Esq.,  who  was  executed  for  the 
offence  the  same  year.  Shirley's  Xoble 
and  Gentle  Jlen.     Courthope's  Debrett. 

BOUBDE.     See  Borde. 

BOURDMAN.     See  Boardman. 

BOVIS.  Probably  the  same  as  Baufs, 
or  Bevis. 

BOWLER.  The  Encycl.  Herald,  men- 
tions this  family  as  "  of  Bowler,  co. 
Wilts." 

BOXWORTII.  A  parish  in  Cambridge- 
shire. 


BOYLE.*  According  to  some  genealo- 
gists this  name  was  originally  O'Buidhill, 
which  would  make  it  a  Celtic  patronymic 
rather  than  a  Norman  local  name,  as  I 
have  suggested.     See  also  O'Bohilly. 

BOYjMAN.*  a  known  corruption  of 
Bowman. 

BOYNTON.*  Bartholomew  de  Bovhig- 
ton,  living  at  the  beginning  of  the  XII. 
cent.,  stands  at  the  head  of  the  pedigree. 
Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

BRACE.*  Sometimes  a  corruption  of 
Braosc. 

BRACEBRIDGE.  "  In  the  time  of  King 
John,  the  venerable  famil}-^  of  Bracebridge, 
originally  of  Bracebridge  in  Lincolnshire, 
acquired  b}'  marriage,  in  the  person  of  Peter 
de  B.,  with  Aiiiicia,  daughter  of  Robert  de 
Arden,  and  Maud,  and  granddaughter  of 
Turchil  de  Warwick,  the  manor  of  Kings- 
bury, CO.  Warwick,  an  ancient  seat  of  the 
Mercian  Kings."  Shirley's  Noble  and 
Gentle  IMen.  In  the  reigu  of  Edward  II. 
the  name  was  written  De  Brasbruge. 

BRACEGIRDLE.  This  singular  name 
was  taken  from  an  article  of  the  bearer's 
costume,  called  a  bracing-girdle,  a  kind  of 
belt.  Huloet  has  "  Bracynge  gyrdle,  sub- 
cingulum."     Halliwell. 

BRACKTON.  Local:  "the  enclosure  of 
brakes,  or  fern." 

BRADBRUGE.  There  are  two  places 
in  West  Sussex  called  Bradbridge,  and  from 
one  of  these  no  doubt  the  old  family  of 
Bradbruge  or  Broadbridge  derived  their 
name.  They  are  traced  to  Roger  de  Brad- 
bruge, of  Town-House  in  Slynfold,  1355. 
In  the  XVI.  cent,  the  heiress  of  the  elder 
line  married  Sir  Henry  Hussey.  The  name 
Broadbridge  is  still  found  in  West  Sussex. 

BRADENHAjNL  Parishes  in  cos.  Nor- 
folk and  Buckingham  are  so  called. 

BRADSTONE.  A  hamlet  in  the  parish 
of  Berkeley,  co.  Gloucester,  the  ancient  re- 
sidence of  the  family. 

BRADWARDEN.     See  Bradwardine. 

BRADWARDINE.  Fuller  says  that 
Archbishop  Bradwardine,  who  died  in  131:t>, 
"  was  descended  of  an  ancient  ftimily  at 
Bradwardiue  (now  Bredwardine),  iu  Here- 
fordshire, who,  removing  thence,  had  set- 
tled themselves  for  three  generations  in 
Sussex,  where  this  Thomas  was  born,  iu 
or  near  the  city  of  Chichester." 

BRADWELL.  Parishes  and  places  in 
cos.  Buckingham,  Chester,  Derby,  Essex, 
Suflblk,  &c. 

BRAILFORD.  Probably  Brailsford,  a 
parish  in  Derbyshire. 

BRAKEJMAN".  A  soldier  who  superin- 
tended the  gi'eat  crossbow  called  a  balista, 
or  hrake. 

BRAIMFORD.     A  parish  in  Suflolk. 

BRAMHALL.     See  Bronrhall. 

BRAIMSIIOT.     A  parish   in  Hampshire. 


BRI 


406 


B  R  0 


BRAN.  1.  See  Brand.  2.  The  British 
hero,  latinized  Brennus,  was  really  Bran — 
a  Celtic  personal  name. 

BRANSBY.  A  parish  in  Yorkshire,  and 
a  township  in  Lincolnshire. 

BR  ANTING  HAM.  A  parish  in  the  E. 
Riding  of  Yorkshire. 

BRAUNDE.     The  same  as  Brand. 

BRAY.*  The  Brays  of  Shere,  co.  Surrey, 
descend  from  Sir  Reginald  Bray,  the  adhe- 
rent of  Henry  VII.,  who  acquired  the  manor 
for  his  services  at  Bosworth  Field,  where 
he  is  said  to  have  found  the  crown  of  the 
fallen  Richard  in  a  thorn  hush.  His  pedi- 
gree is  traced  to  Sir  Robert  Bray  of  North- 
amptonshire, father  of  Sir  James,  who 
lived  about  the  period  of  Richard  I.  Shir- 
ley's Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

BRAYFIELD.  A  parish  in  Bucking- 
hamshire. 

BRAYTOFT.    A  parish  in  Lincolnshire. 

BRAYTON.     A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

BREADCAKE.  If  not  a  corruption  of 
Bridekirk,  may  be  a  sobriquet,  like  Whit- 
bread,  Wastel,  &c.  The  inverse  Cakebread 
also  occurs  as  a  surname. 

BRECHIN.     A  parish  in  Forfarshire. 

BRECKNOCK.     The  Welsh  town. 

BREDMAN.  A  dealer  in  "  the  staff  of 
life." 

BREDNELL.  Doubtless  the  same  as 
Brudeuell. 

BREDWARDINE.     See  Bradwardine. 

BREDWELL.     See  Bradwell. 

BREEZE.     Ab  Rhys,  Ap  Roes.  Welsh. 

BREIMBER.  Bramber,  an  ancient  town 
and  barony  in  Sussex,  originally  written 
Brembre. 

BREMSHETT.     The  same  as  Bramshot. 

BRENCHLEY.  A  parish  in  Kent,  in 
which  county  the  family  are  still  resident. 

BRENDON.*  One  family  of  this  name 
consider  it  as  taken  from  the  parish  and 
barton  of  Brendon,  on  the  high  land  near 
the  borders  ot  Exmoor,  in  North  Devon,  de- 
riving the  appellation  from  St.  Brendon,  or 
Brandon,  an  Irish  saint,  the  patron  of  prose 
Avriters,  to  whom  the  church  is  dedicated. 

BRENNAN.*  The  name  is  undoubtedly 
Irish.  See  Mac  Brcnnan  in  this  supple- 
ment. 

BRENTON.  Probably  the  same  as 
Brintou. 

BRE  SSINGII A J\ r.     A  parish  in  N  orfolk . 

BREST.  The  well-lcnown  town  and  ar- 
senal in  Brittany. 

BREWS.     The  same  as  Braose. 

BREWYS.     The  same  as  Braose. 

BRTANSON.  Tlie  son  of  Bryan— the 
personal  name. 


BRICKILL.  Brickhill,  two  parishes  in 
Buckinghamshire. 

BRID.  O.  Eng.  hridde,  a  bird.  A  coat 
of  arms  was  granted  to  Robert  le  Brid,  alias 
Bird,  of  Brixton,  co.  Chester,  in  1575. 
Eucycl.  Herald. 

BRID  ALL.  Possibly  from  Bridell,  a 
parish  in  Pembrokeshire. 

BRIDDE.     See  Brid. 

BRIDGEIIOUSE.  Local:  "the  liouse 
near  the  bridge."  Many  dwellings  are  so 
designated. 

BRIDGEMORE.  Probably  Bridgemere, 
CO.  Chester. 

BRIDPORT.     A  town  in  Dorsetshire. 

BRIGHOUSE.  The  same  as  Bridge- 
house.     A-Sax.  h-ycg,  a  bridge. 

BRTGMAN.  Tlie  same  as  Bridgeman, 
A-Sax.  hrycg,  a  bridge. 

BRIMFIELD.  A  parish  in  Hereford- 
shire. 

BRINGIIURST.  A  parish  in  Leicester- 
shire. 

BRINGLOW.  Does  not  refer  to  any 
reduction  or  humiliation.  It  is  a  corrup- 
tion, or  rather  another  form,  of  Brinklow. 

BRINKHURST.  The  same  as  Bring- 
hurst. 

BRINKLOW\  A  parish  in  Warwick- 
shire. 

BRISBANE,  An  estate  in  the  parish  of 
Largs,  in  Ayrshire.  In  1332,  William 
Brisliaue  was  chancellor  of  Scotland. 
Gent.  Mag.,  March,  1860. 

BRISKOO.    See  Briscoe. 

BRITAIGNE.  BRITAIN.  BRITAYNE. 

From  the  French  province  of  Brittany. 

BRIXTON.  Parishes,  5:c.,  in  Devon- 
shire, Hampshire,  Surrey,  and  Wiltshire  are 
so  called. 

BROADHURST.  A  manor  in  the  parish 

of  Horsted  Keynes,  co.  Sussex, 

BROADBRIDGE.    See  Bradbruge. 

BROADOAK.  Several  hamlets,  farms, 
&c.,  in  different  counties  are  so  called,  from 
some  spreading  oak  which  forraerl}''  grew 
in  them. 

BROCKDON.    An  estate  in  Devonshire, 

the  original  seat  of  the  family. 

BROCKIE.  "Brocach,        mottled, 

speckled,  freckled;  Su.-Goth.,  Irolvg^ 
Scotch  IjruicMe.  This  family  are  of  Moray 
descent."  Folks  of  Shields.  It  seems  that 
the  earliest  known  mention  of  the  name  is 
in  the  Chartulary  of  Moray,  in  1364.  Two 
brothers  of  the  name  came  from  Holland  and 
settled  south  of  the  Forth,  about  the  begin- 
ning of  the  XVIII.  cent.  They  are  sup- 
posed to  have  been  descendants  of  refugees 
in  Holland  from  Scotland.     Ibid. 

BROCKTON.  A  township  in  StalTord- 
shire. 


BRO 


407 


BUL 


BROKENSTAFFE.  (Encycl.  Herald.) 
This  name  doubtless  belongs  to  the  same 
class  as  Wagstafl',  Hackstaff,  &c. ;  though 
it  looks  more  like  defeat  than  victory. 

BROKESBY.  Brookesby,  a  parish  in 
Leicestershire. 

BROKET.     An  old  spelling  of  Biockett. 

BROMESTALKE.  This  old  name  looks 
very  like  au  English  form  of  Plantagenet. 
A  strong  confinnatiou  of  this  derivation  is, 
the  fact  that  the  arms  assigned  to  the 
famil)'  in  the  Eucycl.  Herald,  are  identical 
with  those  of  the  JPlautagenets,  as  Earls  of 
Anjou  ;  viz. :  Gules,  a  cliief  Argent,  over 
all  on  escarhuncle,  Or. 

BROMHALL.     A  township  in  Cheshire. 

BR0:MPT0K  Parishes,  ."^c.,  In  Kent, 
Essex,  Middlesex,  Yorkshire,  Shropshii'e, 
Somerset,  Sec,  are  so  called. 

BROOKBANK.     See  Brooksbank. 

BROOKE.*  Adam,  Lord  of  Leighton, 
CO.  Chester,  is  the  first  recorded  ancestor  of 
the  Baronet  Brookes  of  Norton.  He  lived 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  The  elder  line 
failed  about  1G32. 

The  Brookes  of  UfFord,  co.  Suffolk,  des- 
cended from  AVilliam  de  la  Brooke,  owner 
of  the  manor  of  Brooke,  co.  Soniex'set,  who 
died  in  1231.     Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

BROOKSBANK.  Local:  from  residence 
ou  the  bank,  not  of  a  mere  streamlet,  but 
of  something  much  greater,  "A  hrook," 
says  Yerstegan,  "  we  now  take  to  be  a  small 

\  running  water,  but  I  find  it  in  the  Teutonick 
to  be  that  which  ijalus  is  in  Latine — a 
Avaterish  or  moorish  ground.  The  city  of 
Bruxels  took  name  of  the  brook  land  or 
moorish  ground  lying  on  the  north  side 
thereof."     Eestitutiou,  p.  Sli. 

BROTPIERHOOD.  The  original  bearer 
of  this  name  was  probably  a  leading 
member  of  some  guild  or  fraternity. 

BROWiSr.*  "A  name  which  deserves  far 
more  reverence  than  it  generally  gets.  Talk 
of  '  coming  over  with  the  Conqueror ' — 
the  first  Browns  came  over  with  Heugist 
and  Horsa — the  second  with  Halfdene  and 
Hastings  I  I  do  not  doubt  that  it  is  in  some 
cases  a  surname  derived  from  complexion, 
though  in  point  of  fact  I  have  never  met 
with  it  as  an  ancient  Teutonic  surname.  As 
a  baptismal  name,  on  the  other  hand,  it  was 
very  common,  and  both  on  the  German  and 
Scandinavian  side  of  very  honourable  origin. 
As  a  Scandinavian  name,  it  seems  to  be  de- 
rived from  (or  at  any  rate  to  correspond 
with)  a  title  of  Odin.  Of  the  men  called 
Briini  in  the  Landnamabok,  one  is  surnamcd 
the  "  white,"  shewing  clearly  that  it  was 
not  from  complexion  (unless  indeed  he  was 
a  '  whitey-brown').  Its  meaning  seems  to 
be,  "having  marked  or  prominent  eye- 
brows,"—  which  is  considered  to  give 
power  and  dignity  to  a  countenance. 

"  The  German  Browns  are  a  different 
family.  The  Old  Saxon  and  Old  High 
German  Bruno  is  cognate  with  the  English 


hiirn,  and  signifies  fiery  or  impetuous.  As 
A-Sax.  names,  we  find  Brun  and  Brun.  In 
a  charter  of  manumission  occurs  a  Brun 
hijdrl—"  Brown  the  Beadle."  What  a 
nineteenth  century  sound!  Mr.  Turner 
oddly  enough  translates  it,  "the  brown 
beadle."    Ferguson,  p.  297. 

BROWNLOW.  Local:  "the  brown 
eminence."     See  Low  and  Law. 

BROAVNRIGG.  Local:  "the  brown 
ridge." 

BROXBORNE.  Broxbouvno,  a  parlsli 
in  Hertfordshire. 

BRUMMELL,  Probably  a  corruption  of 
Bromhall. 

BRUMSTEAD.     A  parish  In  Norfolk. 

BUCKFIELD.  Local  :  "  a  place  resorted 
to  by  deer." 

BUCKHAM.  Local :  "the  home  or  re- 
sort of  deer." 

BUCKSIINSTER.  A  parish  in  Leices- 
tershire. 

BUCKTIIOUGHT.  May  be  from  the 
A- Sax.  hue,  a  beech  tree,  and  tJavaite 
which  see.     A  clearing  of  beech-trees. 

BUDOXHEAD.  A  gentry  family  of  De- 
vonshire formerly  bore  this  singular  name, 
which  was  derived  from  Budeauxhead,  in 
the  parish  of  St.  Budeaux,  near  Plymouth, 
the  church  of  which  was  built  by  Roger 
Budeokshead. 

BULBECK.     See  Bolebeck. 

BULBROOK.  Perhaps  Bolcbrook,  a 
manor  in  Hartfield,  co.  Sussex. 

BULFACE.  Probably  bull-face,  a  trans- 
lation of  the  Norm.  Front-de-boeuf. 

BULLAKER.  Qu.  buUocJier—^  herds- 
man ;  one  Avho  had  the  care  of  bullocks  ? 

BULLER.*  I  fear  that  I  have  done  the 
Bullers  a  wrong.  A  bulla  is  a  seal — hence 
the  pope's  hdl,  a  document  attested  by  his 
Holiuess's  leaden  seal.  A  western  corre- 
spondent observes,  that  "abvllarivs  is  a 
stamper,  an  office  in  the  Stannary  court  of 
Cornwall  ;  also  in  the  Pope's  court  at 
Piome  " — one  who  seals.  Comp.  Spigui'nel, 
The  Bullers  of  Devonshire  and  Corn- 
wall, are  descended  from  Ralph  Buller, 
who,  in  the  fourteenth  century,  was  seated 
at  Woode,  in  the  hundred  of  South  Peth- 
erton,  co.  Somerset,  by  an  heiress  of  Beau- 
champ.     Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

BULLHEAD.    See  Bullface. 

BULLINGHAM.  A  parish  in  Hereford- 
shire. 

BULLIVANT.  Possibly  the  French 
bel  enfant,  corresponding  with  Fairchild, 
Fairbairn,  &c. 

BULMORE.     The  same  as  Buhner. 

BULWORK.  Qu.  hihcarh—howi  re- 
sidence near  some  fortification  ? 


CAM 


408 


CAK 


BUNCKILL.  Of  that  Ilk  in  Berwick- 
shire, where  they  seem  to  have  resided  in 
1292.  The  name  is  probably  identical 
with  Bunlvle. 

BURGATE.    A  parish  In  Suffolk. 

BURGIIILL.  Local:  "the  hill  sur- 
mounted by  a  bm'ff,  tumulus,  or  earthwork." 

BURTON.*  The  Marquis  Conyngham 
is  descended,  in  tlie  male  line,  from  GoiflVid 
de  Bortona,  one  of  the  foresters  of  Slirop- 
shire  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.,  who  de- 
rived his  name  from  Boreton,  in  the  parisir 
of  Oondover,  in  Shropshire,  an  estate  which 
remained  in  the  family  till  the  reign  of 
James  I.    Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

BUSKIN.  The  name  is  analagous  to 
Startup,  which  see.  "  The  Buskin,"  says 
Melmoth,  "  was  a  kind  of  high  shoe,  worn 
upon  the  stage  by  the  actors  of  Tragedy,  in 
order  to  give  them  a  more  heroical  eleva- 
tion of  stature."     Melm.  Pliny. 


BUTLER.*  As  the  name  Butteler  is 
of  old  standing  in  Ditmarsh,  between  the 
Elbe  and  the  Eider,  (see  Archajologia 
XXXVII. ,  p.  373,  and  is  not  likely  to  have 
been  at  all  connected  with  the  Fr.  hmtcille, 
we  may  conclude  that  the  surname  may 
sometimes  be  derived  from  the  A- Sax  b6tel 
or  bdtl,  an  abode  or  mansion  (retained  in 
the  names  of  Wulfenbiittel,  in  Germanj% 
Newbottle  in  England,  Bouteilles  in  Nor- 
mandy, &c.),  and  may  signify,  like  the 
recognized  Botcl-nieard,  a  house  steward. 

BUTTERFLY.  Berry  mentions  an 
armigerous  family  of  this  name,  which  is, 
of  course,  identical  with  the  Fr.  Papillon, 
now  naturalized  here. 

BUTTOL.    A  corruption  of  Botolph,  the 

personal  name. 

BYROjM.  a  township  connected  with 
Poole,  in  the  liberty  of  St.  Peter,  co.  York, 
is  called  Byrome. 


c. 


CaBORNE.     The  same  as  Cabbuni. 

CAGE.  Possibly  from  residence  near  a 
town  cage  or  prison. 

CAHOWNE.  A  Scottish  corruption  of 
Colquhoun. 

CAIRNCROSS.  An  ancient  Scottish 
local  name,  met  with  in  charters,  and  fun- 
nily latinized  Carnea  Crux  I 

CAIRNS.  NIsbet  says,  "of  that  Ilk," 
but  does  not  mention  the  locality. 

CAITHNESS.     The  Scottish  county. 

CALCRAFT.  Local :  "  the  croft  where 
cale.,  hale,  or  cabbage  grows." 

CALDAVELL.*  Of  that  Ilk  In  Renfrew- 
shire, where  the  family  continued  "  for 
many  years  in  good  reputation."  Nisbet. 
Crawford's  Renfrewshire. 

CALLADER.  Probably  from  lands  near 
Loch  Callader,  in  Aberdeenshire. 

GALLEYS.     See  Callis,  below. 

CALLIS.  The  French  town,  Calais, 
possessed  by  the  English  from  temp.  Ed- 
ward III.  to  Queen  Mar}'. 

CAMAYLE.  One  family  of  this  name 
bear  for  their  arms,  three  lozenges,  and 
another,  ihi-QQ fudls.  These  seem  to  refer 
to  the  vjasclecl  armour  for  the  neck,  from 
which  the  name  was  probably  derived.  See 
Hawberk,  in  this  supplement. 


CAMBER.*  A  southern  provincialism 
for  a  harbour.  Halliwell.  Camber  Castle, 
CO.  Sussex,  stands  near  the  now  choked 
harbour  of  Winchelsea. 

CA1\IBREY.     See  Cambray. 

CAjMBRIDGE.  The  town  and  university. 
In  the  Highlands  of  Scotland  they  have  a 
Mac  Cambridge.  In  England  the  'sons  of 
Cambridge  '  are  innumerable. 

CANDELER.     See  Chandler. 

CAMEL.     See  Cammel. 

CANNOCK.     A  parish  in  Staffordshire. 

CANT  WELL.  Perhaps  Canwell,  a  place 
in  Staffordshire. 

CAPE.  From  residence  near,  or  at,  a  pro- 
montory. 

CAPENHURST.  Cappenhurst,  a  town- 
ship in  Cheshire. 

CARDIFF.  CARDYFFE.  A  town  in 
Glamorganshire. 

CARDIGAN.     The  Welsh  town. 

CARDINGTON.  Parishes  In  cos.  Bed- 
ford and  Salop  are  so  denominated. 

CARKETTLE.    Of  that  Ilk  In  Scotland. 

Nisbet. 

CARLIL.     CARLELL.     See  Carlisle. 
CARMARTHEN.     The  Welsh  town. 


C  II  E 


409 


COC 


CARNEGIE.*  The  lands  of  Carnegie 
are  in  Forfarshire. 

CARRUTHERS.*  Tlie  family  evidently 
derived  their  name  from  the  phvce  indicated, 
though  the  chiefs  of  the  house  wrote  them- 
selves, from  time  immemorial,  Carruthers 
of  Howmain  (in  Annandale).  The  name 
ap]3ears  in  Scottish  history,  temp.  King 
David  II. 

CART^YRIGHT.*  Should  any  owner 
of  this  surname  object  to  my  placing  him 
among  vulgar  men  avIio  make  wheels  and 
carts,  he  may  be  appeased  by  my  assurance 
that  two  grandees  named  Auffroy  and 
Maugier  de  Cartrait  came  hither  with  the 
Conqueror.  See  John  Foxe,  Acts  and  Mon. 
who  quotes  the  Annals  of  Normandy,  a  Fr. 
manuscript  in  his  custody.  The  name  is 
very  probably  of  original  identity  with 
Carteret. 

CARUS.     A  latinizatiou  of  Dear. 

CASBORNE.  The  family  were  resident 
at  a  place  so  called  in  Kent.  Encycl. 
Herald. 

CASS.  Cas,  an  ancient  Irish  personal 
name,  found  so  early  as  the  fifth  century. 
See  Macnamara. 

CASTELYN.     See  Castelline. 

CASTELLINE.  Castellan,  the  governor 
of  a  castle. 

CASTERTON.  Parishes,  &c.,  in  cos. 
Westmoreland  and  Rutland. 

CASTLECOTklBE.  A  parish  in  Wiltshire. 

CASTLEFORD.    A  parish  in  Yorkshire. 

CATERYKE.  Catterick,  a  parish  in 
Yorlvshire. 

CATOR.     See  Cater. 

CATTLE.     See  Cattell. 

CATTYFFE.  O.  French  mit\f,  a  wretch. 

CAWDREY.*  An  estate  in  the  parish 
of  Blrdham,  co.  Sussex,  is  so  called.  It  is 
quite  distinct  from  Cowdray,  wdiich  is  a 
much  larger  estate  in  the  same  county. 

CIIACE.     See  Chase. 

CHAIN.  A  corruption  of  the  O.  Fr. 
cliesiie,  an  oak. 

CI-IALON.  Probably  from  one  of  the 
French  towns  called  Chalons. 

CHALUN.     See  Chalon,  above, 

CHALTON.     A  parish  in  Hampshire. 

CHAMBELYN.  A  corruption  of  Cham- 
berlain. 

CHANTECLER.  Chanticleer  is  a  trivial 
name  for  the  cock,  as  old  as  the  days  of 
Chaucer,  who  however  spells  it  chaunte- 
clere.  The  arms  of  the  family  contain 
three  cocks. 

CIIARTSEY.  Chertsey,  a  town  in  Surrey. 

CIIEESEMENT.  Changed  by  a  gentle- 
man, born  in  1723,  from  Ckcescmaii  or 
Cheesman !     B.L.C 


CHENEVIX.*  The  founder  of  the 
family  in  England  seems  to  have  been  a 
French  Protestant  minister,  formerly  of 
Mante,  but  a  refugee  in  London  in  1G91,  in 
consequence  of  the  Kev.  of  the  Edict  of 
Nantes. 

CHEQUER.*  More  likely  a  contraction 
of  Exchequer.  In  the  H.R.  we  find  John, 
Laurence,  and  Roger  de  Scaccario — "  of  the 
Exchequer."  This  word  originally  implied 
any  treasury.     Richardson. 

CHRIST.  I  take  this  name  to  be  a  short- 
ened form  of  Christopher,  rather  than  a 
profane  use  of  the  designation  of  our 
Saviour.  Mi*.  Bowditch  informs  us  that 
"  in  New  York  theie  are  no  less  than  thir- 
teen families  of  Christ,  including  a  firm  of 
'  Spies,  Christ,  and  Company.'  " 

CHRISTMASDAY      See  Christmas. 

CLANCY.  An  Irish  clan  tributary  to 
the  O'Brian.   D'Alton. 

CLANCH Y.  "  A  sept  of  the  Dal-Cassian 
stock,  hereditary  hrehvis  or  judges  of  Tho- 
moud,  under  the  0"Eryans,  its  princes  ; 
while  another  familj^  of  the  name  were 
lords  of  Dartry  and  Ilosclogher,in  Leitrim." 
D'Alton. 

CLEAN.      Slac-Lean,    deprived   of  the 

Celtic  prefix. 

CLIFTON.*  The  first  recorded  ancestor 
of  the  Cliftons,  of  Clifton  in  Lancashire,  is 
William  de  Clifton,  who  held  ten  caru- 
cates  of  land,  in  the  42nd  year  of  Henry 
III.     Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

The  Cliftons,  of  Clifton  in  Nottingham- 
shire, are  derived  from  Gervase  de  Clifton, 
who  flourished  in  the  5th  year  of  King 
John,  and  the  estate  is  still  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  family.     Ibid. 

CLINT.  A  township  in  the  parish  of 
Ripley,  co.  York,  where  the  descendants  of 
the  Saxon  thane  Archil  resided,  and  whence 
they  took  the  name  of  De  Clynt.  See  under 
Simpson. 

CLIPSTONE.     See    Pulteney.      There 

are  parishes,  &c.,  called  Clipston  and  Clip- 
stone,  in  cos.  Northampton  and  Notting- 
ham. 

CLIYE.*  INIr.  Shirley  mentions  Warlil 
de  Clive,  who  lived  temp.  Henry  III.,  as 
the  first  recorded  ancestor.  He  also  men- 
tions that  Clive,  the  locality  from  which  the 
name  is  takeu,  is  in  the  hundred  of  North- 
wich,  CO.  Chester.  Noble  and  Gentle 
Slen. 

GLUTTON.*  This  ancient  family  were 
of  Glutton  of  the  parish  of  Farndon,  in 
Cheshire,  as  early  as  21.  Edward  I.,  and 
the  manor  continued  to  be  held  by  them 
temp.  Henry  VI.  The  elder  line  have  ever 
remained  in  the  county.  Shirley's  Noble 
and  Gentle  Men. 

COCK.  At  p.  G-i,  I  have  given  a  co- 
pious list  of  names  with  this  termina- 
tion. Mr.  Clark  has  with  great  indus- 
try collected  the  following.  It  is  to  be 
borne  in   mind  that  those  few  names 


COM 


410 


COR 


whicli  have  the  syllable  otherwise  than 
as  a  termination,  principally  relate  to 
the  cock,  be  it  tlie  gcdlus  of  the  poultry 
yard,  or  the  gallinar/o  of  the  wood — in 
most  instances  tlie  latter.     As  a  rule, 
Cock  at  the  beginning  of  a  name  implies 
a  local  origin,  while  at  the  end  it  sliows 
that  it  is  a  diminutive  of  a  baptismal 
name. 
Acock,  Allcock,  Alccock,  Adcock, 
Batcock,  Boocock,  Bidcock,  Badcock  ; 
Cockwood,  Cockland,  Cockshott,  Deacock, 
Cockbill,  Cockburn,  Cockman,  Heacock, 
Cockrell,  Cockcroft,  Cockayne,  Maycock, 
Cockshaw,  Coclvsedge,  Cockhead,  Jaycock; 
Bowcock,  Laycock,  Salcoclv,  Silcock, 
Simcock,  Eaincock,  Grocock,  Tilcock, 
Elcock,  Ocock,  Fencock,  Jewcock, 
Jeacock,  Jeficock,  Haycock,  Twocock  ; 
Pidcock,  Pycock,  Pullcock,  Pocock, 
Mulcock,  My  cock,  Meacock,  Mocock  ; 
Johncock,  Hiscock,  Peacock,  Purcock, 
Colcock,  Woodcock,  Glasscock,  Hercock  ; 
Handcock,  Hitchcock,  Highcock.Lowcock, 
Seacock,  Shilcock,  Shecock,  Slowcock; 
"Willcock,  Woolcock,  Hedgecock,  Hancock, 
Drawcock,   Raucock,    Tliistlecock,    Tan- 
cock. 

COCKBUPtN.*  A  correspondent  says  : 
"  The  name  is  derived  from  the  lands  so 
called  in  Berwickshire."  According  to 
Nisbet,  the  pedigree  is  traced  to  the  time 
of  King  Robert  Bruce. 

COGAN.*  (The  Irish  family).  From 
the  termination  in  AN,  this  name  might  be 
thought  indigenous  to  Ireland.  Suc]i,  liow- 
ever  is  not  the  case,  as  Milo  de  Cogan,  who 
founded  the  family  in  that  country  was  one 
of  those  who  assisted  in  its  subjugation 
temp.  Henry  II.,  when,  in  conjunction 
with  his  uncle,  Robert  Fitz-Stephen,  he  re- 
ceived the  whole  county  of  Cork  in  rev»'ard 
for  his  services.  The  De  shews  the  terri- 
torial origin  of  the  name. 

COLBATCH.  This  name  appears  to  be 
local.  It  may  have  been  derived  from  a 
hamlet  in  the  parisli  of  Herstmonceux,  co. 
Sussex,  now  called  Cowbeach,  but  anciently 
Coldbeche. 

COLEMAN".*     See  also  O' Coleman. 

COLEPEPPER.     See  Culpeper. 

COLLAR,     See  Coller  and  Collard. 

COLVILE.    See  Colvllle. 

CO^klBER.*  This  family  are  numerous 
and  ancient  in  Sussex,  though  now  extinct 
in  the  degree  of  gentry.  The  Combers  of 
Shermanbury,  in  that  county,  claimed  des- 
cent from  "a  very  ancient  family  at  Park- 
ham  [in  Fletchiug'],  and  that  manor,  ac- 
cording to  family  tradition,  was  bestowed 
upon  one  of  the  ancestors,  named  —  de 
Combre,  by  William  the  Conqueror,  with 
■whom  he  came  over  from  Normandy,  for 
killing  its  Saxon  or  Danish  lord  in  the 
famous  battle,  which  placed  that  Duke  on 
the  throne  of  England."  Life  of  Dr.  Thomas 
Comber,  Dean  of  Durham,  1700.  This  tra- 
dition seems  to  be  unsupported  by  docu- 
mentary evidence,  and  the  pedigree,  as  re- 


corded by  the  heralds,  goes  liack  only  to 
Richard  de  Combre,  temp.  Henry  VI., 
■whose  son,  John  Comber,  -^vas  of  Balcombe, 
CO.  Sussex,  about  the  end  of  the  XV.  cen- 
tury, and  in  that  parish  the  name  is  still  to 
be  found. 

COMPIGNE  A  refugee  family  who 
settled  in  London  after  the  Rev.  of  the 
Edict  of  Nantes,  and  amassed  a  fortune  in 
the  silk  trade.  Several  branches  are  resi- 
dent in  Hertfordshire  and  Hampshire. 

COMPTON.*  Mr.  Shirley  says:  "we 
may  conclude  that  the  family  were  seated 
at  Compton,  called  'in  le  Windgate,'  soon 
after  the  Conquest.  Arnulphusand  Osber- 
tus  de  Compton  were  living  in  16.  Henry 
II.,  but  Philip  de  Compton  is  the  first  of 
the  name  who  certainly  held  the  manor  of 
Compton  in  the  fifth  of  John."  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men. 

CONDON.  The  Condons  were  deemed 
so  powerful  a  sept  of  old,  that  their  terri- 
tory was  adopted  as  the  name  of  a  liarony 
in  CO.  Cork.     D'Alton. 

CONGALTON.    The  same  as  Congilton. 

CONGILTON.  Of  that  Ilk;  "which 
family  is  in  East-Lothian."     Nisbet. 

CONRY.     An  Irish  sept,  a  branch  of  the 

Soutliern  Hy  Nialls,  Avho  for  centuries 
ruled  as  kings  of  Meatlx  and  monarchs  of 
Ireland.  They  were  usually  called  the 
O'lMaol  Conrys.  Originally  they  were 
"  cliiefs  in  Teftia,  in  the  present  county  of 
Westmcath ;  but  in  the  tenth  century, 
crossing  the  Shannon,  they  located  them- 
selves upon  its  western  baulc,  and  from  that 
time  were  known  as  Couuaciaus."  This 
seiDt,  who  belonged  to  the  great  Bai'dic 
order,  became  chief  Bards  and  hereditary 
Seauachies  to  the  Kings  of  Counaught.  It 
was  the  honourable  dutj''  of  tlie  head  of  the 
race  to  officiate  upon  the  Sacred  Hill  at  the 
inauguration  of  a  new  king,  to  present  him 
Avith  a  ■white  wand  or  sceptre,  the  emblem 
of  sovereignty,  to  administer  the  coronation 
oath,  and  fmally  to  make  a  record  of  the 
proceedings.     D'Alton. 

CONWAY.*  A  pedigree  of  the  Irish 
Conways  derives  them  fi'om  the  Conwaj's 
of  Worcestershire,  whose  lineage  was  de- 
duced from  Sir  William  Conais,  High  Con- 
stable of  England  at  the  time  of  the  Con- 
queror.    D'Alton. 

COPE.*  The  ancestors  of  the  baronet 
appear  in  the  character  of  civil  servants  of 
the  crown,  in  the  reigns  of  Richard  II.  and 
Henry  IV.     Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

COPING ER.  The  Copingers  of  the 
county  of  Cork  are  said  to  be  of  Danish  ex- 
traction. If  this  be  so,  tlie  Coppingers  of 
East  Auglia  are  most  probably  from  tlie 
same  source. 

CORBET.*     See  Riddell.* 

CORSBIE.  CORSBY.  Nisbet  says:  — 
"  Corsby  of  that  Ilk,  an  ancient  family 
sometime  with  us ;"  Init  neither  the 
hcraldrist  nor  the  gazetteer  informs  us  of 
the  locus  in  quo. 


CRA 


411 


CUN 


CORNS.     A  nickname  of  Cornelius. 

CORSTOllPHLNE.  A  parish  in  Ediu- 
burghshire,  from  whence  the  gentle  family 
so  called  jirobably  originated, 

COS  WAY.  Probably  a  corruption  of 
caiise/varj,  as  that  is  of  calcetum,  a  road  of 
chalk  formed  across  a  marsh  or  low  grouud. 
Such  a  road  traversed  the  valley  of  the 
Aruu  in  Sussex,  and  a  priory  which  stood 
near  one  of  its  extremities  was  called  De 
Calceto. 

COTES.  A  manor  in  Stadordshire  gave 
name  to  this  family,  who  are  "  descended 
from  Richard  de  Cotes,  probably  the  son  of 
Thomas  de  Cotes,  living  in  1167,  when  the 
Black  Book  ofthe  Exchequer  was  compiled. 
About  the  reign  of  Henry  VI.  the  family 
removed  to  Woodcote  in  Shropshire,  which 
has  since  continued  their  principal  seat, 
though  the  more  aucieut  manor  of  Cotes  or 
'  Kotes,'  on  the  banks  of  the  Sow,  has 
ever  remained  the  property  of  this  aucieut 
house."     Shirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

COTTON.      ]\Ir.    Shirley,    speaking    of 
Cotton  of  Landwade,  Baronet,  says :  "It 
appears  doubtful  whether  this  family  wece 
denominated   from    Cotton,    a    manor    in 
Cambridgeshire,    or  from   a   place  of   the 
same    name   in   the   parish   of    Stone,    in 
Kent.     There   is   another  Cotton  Hall,  in 
Ixning,    CO.  Suftblk,   which  lays  claim  to 
the  same  distinction."     Xoble  and  Gentle 
Men. 
B^  COUNTIES,  Names  of.''  The  following 
additional  surnames  derived  from  coun- 
ties  have   been   met   with  : — Auglesea, 
Shropshire,      Warwickshire,      Norfolk, 
Suffolk,  Northumberland. 

COVELL.     A  corruption  of  Colville. 

COW.*  This  was  a  very  common  sobri- 
quetical  surname  in  the  thirteenth  century 
iu  the  French  forms  of  La  Vache,  Le  Vache, 
De  la  Vache.  The  names  Le  Vacher,  La 
Vachcr,  with  the  latiuization  Vacarius, 
for  cow-keepei-,  were  also  of  frequent  oc- 
currence.    See  H.E. 

COWIE.*    Cowie  was  an  ancient  barony. 

COXWELL.  Two  parishes  iu  Berwick- 
shire are  so  called.  The  family  were  esta- 
blished for  many  centuries  in  Gloucester- 
shire. 

CRAIGY.  A  place  called  Craigy-hill,  in 
"West  Lothian,  gave  name  to  this  family, 
who  are  traced  to  the  reign  of  David  II. 
Nisbet. 

CRAMOND.*  Amono'the  earliest  bearers 
of  this  surname  was  AVilliam  de  Cramond, 
clerk  of  the  wardrobe  to  the  Kiug  of  Scot- 
land, 1278.     Nisbet. 

CRANSTON*  "The  family  took  the 
name  from  the  lands  of  Cranston,  both  iu 
Teviotdale  and  Lothiau,  which  they  pos- 
sessed of  old."  Nisbet.  The  name  of 
Elfric  de  C.  occurs  temp.  William  the  Lion. 

CRAW.  Nisbet  says  :  "  Craw  of  Auchen- 
craw  in  the  Merss,  an  old  family,  now  ex- 
tinct."    This  seems  to   be  a  northernism 
3  F 


for  Crow,  Crowe,  which  see.  The  ai-ms 
contain  three  rara  aves  —  videlicet  white 
crows. 

CROKE.*  The  Crokes  of  Studley,  co. 
Oxford,  were  anciently  Blounts.  "In  1401, 
Nicholas  le  Blount  having  been  deeply  en- 
gaged in  the  conspiracy  to  restore  Richard 
II.  to  his  throne,  chauged  his  name  to 
Croke  on  his  return  to  England,  in  order 
to  avoid  the  revenge  of  Henry  IV.  The 
Crokes  afterwards  Ijecame  a  legal  family, 
and  seated  themselves  at  Chiltou."  Shu'- 
ley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

CROLY.*     See  O'Crowley. 

CROXTON.  There  are  places  so  called 
in  various  counties,  but  the  eminent  family 
of  this  name  spring  from  the  township  of 
Croxton,  co.  Chester,  their  seat  in  very 
early  times.     See  Wiunington. 

CRUISE.  According  to  D'Alton,  the 
Irish  family  of  this  surname  sprang  from 
a  Norman,  who,  at  the  Conquest,  set- 
tled in  Cornwall.  At  the  invasion  of  Ire- 
laud  under  Henry  II.,  a  branch  accom- 
panied Strongbow,  and  obtained  grants  of 
various  estates  in  the  counties  of  Dublin 
aud  Meath. 

CRUTCH.     See  Crouch. 

CULPEPER.  CULPEPYR.  This  fa- 
mily, who  were  eminent  in  Kent  aud  Sus- 
sex fi"om  the  XIII.  to  the  XVIII.  century, 
were  so  numerous  and  influential  that 
Camden  notes,  in  hisRemaiues,  the  remark- 
able fact,  that,  "  at  one  time  there  were 
twelve  Knights  aud  Baronets  alive  of  this 
house  together."  The  Barons  Colepeper, 
extinct  in  1752,  were  a  branch.  Strange  as 
it  may  appear,  I  believe  that  in  the  coun- 
ties above  mentioned  the  name  is  entirely 
extinct,  and  in  other  parts  of  England  it  is 
A'ery  rarely  met  with.  Tlie  etymology  of 
the  word  puzzles  me.  If  it  might  be 
taken  literally,  (CuU-iJcpper),  it  was  an 
excellent  name  for  the  celebrated  herbalist, 
Nic.  Culpeper,  who  was  of  this  family. 

CUNLIFFE.  Local— the  last  syllable 
standing  for  cliffe,  the  same  as  in  Ilinch- 
liffe,  Shirtliffe,  &c.  The  Encycl.  Herald, 
has  Cunliff  or  Concliffe  of  Lancashire. 

CUNNINGHAM.*  There  is  much  dif- 
ference of  opinion  as  to  the  origin  of  the 
famil}',  chiefly  on  account  of  the  curious 
bifurcated  heraldric  bearing  connected  with 
it,  called  by  some  a  2)all,  by  others  a 
shalteforli.  This  is  regarded  by  one  writer 
as  a  "  cross  furchie  "  and  a  symbol  of  the 
Crusades;  by  others,  as  an  archiepiscopal 
2}all,  because  an  early  Cunuiughani  was 
descended  from  one  of  the  murderers  of 
Thomas  a  Becket,  who  fled  into  Scotland  : 
Init  this,  as  Nisbet  remarks,  would  be 
rather  an  abatement  than  a  hadge  of  honour. 
"  Besides,"  adds  our  zealous  old  heraldrist, 
"the  matter  of  fact  is  false,  for  the  Cunning- 
hams were  in  Scotlaud,  and  so  named  in 
the  reign  of  King  David  I.,  long  before  that 
murder,  as  is  evident  by  tlic  chartulary  of 
the  abbacy  of  Kelso."  A  third  writer.  Van 
Basscu,  a  Norwegian,  says  that  the  first 


DAL 


412 


DIG 


progenitor  of  the  family  was  Malcolm,  son 
of  Friskiue,  who  assisted  Prince  Malcolm 
(Canmore)  "  to  escape  from  Mac-Beth's 
tyranny;  and  being  hotly  pursued  by  the 
usurper's  men,  was  forced,  at  a  yjlace,  to 
hide  his  master,  by  forking  hay  or  straw 
above  him ;  and  after,  upon  that  prince's 
happy  accession  to  the  crown,  he  rewarded 
his  preserver  with  the  thauedom  of  Cuu- 
ninghame,  from  which  he  and  his  posterity 
have  their  surname,"  and  the  slmlicforlt  in 
their  arms.  Sir  George  Mackenzie  says, 
that  the  shakefork  was  adopted  by  the 
family  because  William  C,  an  early  ances- 
tor, was  Master  of  Horse  to  King  William, 
it  being  "the  instrument  whereby  hay 
is  thrown  up  to  horses." 

CURGENVEN.  This  name  is  derived 
from  a  village  in  the  parish  of  Crowan,  co. 
Cornwall,  formerly  so  spelt,  but  now  com- 
monly M'ritten  Cargenwen. 

CURLYON.  "  Cur-Lyghou  in  this  pa- 
rish [Kea]  is  now  transuominated  to  Car- 


lyon ;  and  here,  for  many  descents,  lived 
the  family  from  thence  denominated    Cur- 
lyghon,   and  who  were  gentlemen  of  con- 
siderable fame,  lauds,  and  revenues,  as  ap- 
peared to  me  from  several  old  Latin  deeds, 
some  bearing  date  6.  Henry  V."      Hals,  iu 
D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall,  ii.  301.     The   same 
quaint  old  topographer,  in  another  place, 
(St.  Blazey)  observes :  "  In  this  parish  livetli 
Cur-lyou,  Gent.,  that  married  Hawkins,  and 
giveth  for  his  arms,   in  a  field  ....    a 
bezant  between  two  castles.     Now,  though 
tlie  name  he   local,  from  a  place  in  Keye 
parish,  so  called,  yet,  If  I  were  admitted  to 
judge  or  covjeciure,  I  ivould  say  this  family 
of  Our-LyoH,  hy  its  name  and  arms,  mere 
descendants  of  Richard  Curlyon,  alias  Kvng 
Richard  I.  !  >"     Ibid,  i.  54. 

CUSTRBLL.  1.  0.  En.ir.,  a  man  who 
carried  the  arms  of  a  knight  or  man-at- 
arms.  2.  Perhaps  the  same  as  Cotterell,  in 
its  second  sense,  from  the  0.  Fr.  costerau. 
See  Cotterell. 


DaLEMPIT,  Nisbet  mentions  this  as 
an  armigerous  family  in  Scotland.  The 
name  is  probably  local. 

DALGARNER.  Probably  a  corruption 
of  Dalgarnock,  an  extinct  parish  iu  co. 
Dumfries. 

D'ALTON.  "  The  tradition  of  the  in- 
troduction of  this  family  from  France  into 
Ireland,  as  preserved  in  the  Office  of  Arms, 
records  Walter  D'Altou  to  have  been  its 
founder ;  that  he  secretly  married  a  daughter 
of  Louis,  King  of  France,  and  having 
thereby  incurred  that  monarch's  displeasure, 
fled  to  England,  whence  he  passed  with 
Henry  II.  on  the  invasion  of  Ireland.  He 
early  acquired  possessions  in  the  western 
portion  of  Meath,  where  he  and  his  de- 
scendants founded  religious  houses,  and 
erected  castles."  D'Alton,  p.  367.  I  see 
no  reason  why  this  Irish  family  should  not 
be  a  branch  of  the  English  Daltons,  who 
were  of  ancient  standing  in  Lancashire. 

DALY.  "This family  claim  descent  from 
ISTiall  of  the  Nine  Hostages,  one  of  the 
most  illustrious  of  the  Irish  kings.  The 
sept  extended  itself  at  a  very  remote  period 
over  Munster  and  Connaught,  as  well  as  in 
the  barony  of  Clonlonan,  co.  Westmeath  ; 
and  through  the  long  lapse  of  years  they 
liave  been  eminently  distinguished  as  poets 
and  annalists."  In  the  XIV.  century  one 
of  the  O'Dalys  of  Munster  "  had  a  grant  of 
Moynter-barry,  on  a  customary  tenure  of 
being  Rythmour  or  chronicler  of  the  chief 
lord,  and  of  his  achievements."  D'Alton. 


DAUGIITERY.     A  corruption  of  Deal- 
try,  De  Alia  Kipa. 
DEEPROSE.     The  same  as  Diprose. 

DELANOY.  When  Sir  Cornelius  Ver- 
muyden  came  to  England,  temp.  Charles  I., 
to  drain  Hatfield  Chase,  in  Yorkshire, 
which  he  had  purchased  of  the  crown,  and 
on  which  he  expended  £400,000  iu  reclaim- 
ing and  cultivating  it,  he  brought  with  him 
from  Holland  many  families  as  colonists. 
Among  them  were  the  Delanoys,  Tafinders, 
Harnews,  Becudas,  Morillions,  Lelieus, 
Beharrels,  ka.,  some  of  whom  survive, 
Avhile  others  have  become  extinct. 

DEMPSEY.     See  Q'Dempsey. 

DENHAM."^-     See  under  Tredenbam. 

DENNISTON.*  A  correspondent  assures 
me  that  the  lands  of  Dauiel's-toun  are  so 
designated  in  early  charters  of  the  family. 

DEVENISIL*  The  surname  Le  De- 
veuys  is  of  early  introduction  into  Ireland. 
In  1302  Nicholas  Deveueys  had  military 
summons  for  the  Scottish  wars.     D'Alton, 

DIAPER.  Z)'l>re,  thatis,  ofYpres,  ov 
Ipres,  a  town  of  West  Flanders. 

DIGBY.*  This  family  can  be  traced 
"  nearly  to  the  Conquest,  and  are  supposed 

to   be   of  Saxon   origin Tiltou,  in 

the  county  of  Leicester,  where  ^Elmar,  the 
first  recorded  ancestor  of  the  Digbys  held 
lauds  in  1086,  also  gave  name  to  the 
earlier  generations  of  the  family."  Shirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 


EGA 


413 


ELL 


DIGWBED.  This  singular  name  is 
doubtless  a  corruption  of  that  of  an  old 
Gaelic  family,  Dwigwid  of  Aucheuheuf, 
mentioned  bj-  Nisbct. 

DISHINGTON.  Probably  local  in  Scot- 
land, in  -which  country  it  occurs  in  1457. 
Nisbet. 

DOBBYN.     DOBBIN.     See  Tobyn. 

DOCWRA.  DOCWRAY.  A  township 
in  the  parish  of  Pcnritli  in  Cumberland, 
now  written  Dockray. 

DOXALDSOX.*  The  Donaldsons  are 
Mac-Donalds,  and  bear  their  arms. 

DOXGAN.  This  Irish  surname  "  appears 
to  have  been  of  native  and  Milesian  origin, 
or,  if  it  came  over  from  England  it  was 
very  soon  naturalized."  The  name  appears 
in  records  as  O'Dongan  in  1387.     D'AIton. 

DONNELLY.     See  O'Donnelly. 

DOR  AN.  An  ancient  Irish  personal 
name. 

DOVEWARD.*     See  Ward. 

DO\YLING.     See  O'Dowling. 

DOYLE,  I  have  deduced  this  name  from 
the  Norman  Doyley,  and  as  I  think  cor- 
rectly, but  the  Irish  genealogists  derive  it 
from  an  old  Celtic  patronymic,  O'Dubhail. 

DRAPER.     Other  forms  in  the  H.R.  are 

Le  Liudraper,    Le  Lingedraper  (Fr.  linfje, 
linen),  and  Le  Lyngedraper. 

DUFF.*  A  correspondent  states  that 
the  Earl  of  Fife's  descent  from  Fife  Mac- 
Duff,  in  the  IX.  century,  is  unsupported  by 


any  evidence.     Tlie  real  descent  (he  adds) 
is  that  given  in  Douglas's  Baronage. 

DUKE.*  A  correspondent  states  :  "  A 
person  named  Duke  was  on  the  list  of 
voters  for  Pcnryn,  co.  Cornwall.  His 
original  name  wiis  Rapson,  but  the  name 
being  very  common  in  tlie  neighbourhood, 
people  long  distinguished  him  by  the 
name  of  Duke,  because  he  kept  the  Duke 
of  York's  Arms!"  and  this  has  since  be- 
come the  recognized  family  name. 

DULHUNTY.  A  corruption  of  the 
old  Irish  name  Dallachanty. 

DUJMBRECK.  This  Scottish  fomily, 
mentioned  by  Nisbet,  pi'obably  took  their 
name  from  Dumbrake  castle,  co.  Aberdeen. 

DUNMORE.  DUNMURE.  A  local 
name,  signifying  in  Gaelic  "the  fortified 
hill."  Many  old  strongholds  in  Scotland 
are  so  called.  The  surname  was  probably 
taken  from  a  village  so  designated  in  Stir- 
lingshire. 

DUNS.  DUNSE.  Mentioned  by  Nis- 
bet as  "of  that  Ilk,"  Dnnse  in  Berwick- 
shire. The  celebrated  schoolman,  Johannes 
Duns  Scotus,  "  the  angelic  doctor,"  (usually 
known  as  Duns  Scotus),  was  of  this  family. 

DURWARD.*  The  Scottish  family  ori- 
ginated from  Alanus  Durward,  ostiai'ius, 
porter,  or  door-ward  to  King  Alexander  II., 
who  created  him  Earl  of  Athol.  Nisbet. 
See  the  analogous  surname  Porter. 

DURY.*  The  family  derived  their  name 
from  Dury,  in  tlie  shire  of  Fife,  w^here  they 
possessed  lands  in  the  reign  of  Alexander 
II. 


Early.*     See  O'Mulmoghery. 

EARWIGER.  Probably  the  same  as 
Earwaker. 

EDIE.  The  Scottish  family  of  Edie  ap- 
pear, from  armorial  evidence,  to  be  a  branch 
of  the  Adamsons,  and  Nisbet  seems  to 
consider  the  names  identical.     See  Eady. 

EDINGTON.*  "  The  chief  family  of  this 
name  was  Edington  of  that  Ilk,  in  the  shire 
of  Berwick."     Nisbet. 

EDNAM.  According  to  Nisbet  this  is 
the  same  name  as  Edmiston  or  Edmond- 
stoune — an  extraordinary  corruption. 

EGAN.*  The  sept  of  JMac  Egan  were 
territorially  seized  of  Clan-Dearmida,  a  dis- 
trict in  the  barony  of  Leitrim,  co.  Galway ; 
within  which  they  had  anciently  some 
castles.     D'AIton. 


EGLINTON.  The  castle  and  lands  of 
Eglintou  are  in  Ayrshire.  They  gave  name 
as  early  as  the  time  of  "William  the  Lion,  to 
a  distinguished  family.  This  family  ended 
in  an  heiress  in  the  XlV.  century,  and  she 
married  Sir  John  Montgomery,  a  lineal  an- 
cestor of  the  present  Earl  of  Egliuton. 

EGLINTOUN.     See  Eglintou. 

ELLICOTT.  In  old  Irish  records  this 
name  is  written  inditi'erently  Mac  Elligott 
and  2Iac  Lrod.  "The  family  originally 
came  to  Kerry  in  consequence  of  an  early 
marriage  of  one  of  the  Fitz -Maurices, 
Barons  of  Lixnaw,  with  an  heiress  of  that 
name ;  and  by  reason  of  this  connection 
Fitz-Maurice  is  said  to  bear  a  tower  in  his 
coat  of  arms  ;  and  a  parish  of  Kerry,  near 
Tralee,  is  called  Bally-Mac-Elligott." 
D'AIton.  The  name  took  the  form  of  Elli- 
cott  in  the  seventeenth  century. 


ERS 


414 


EYS 


ELLIOTT.*  In  proof  of  the  common- 
ness of  this  surname,  it  may  be  mentioned, 
that  during  the  French  revolutionarj-  war 
a  regiment  of  vohniteers  was  raised  on  the 
Border,  all  of  wliom  were  Elliotts.  They 
invariably  marched  to  tlie  tune  of — 

"  Jly  name  it's  wee  Tarn  Elliott, 
And  -wha  daiiv  meddle  wi'  me." 

See  Notes  and  Queries,  Dec.  31,  1859. 

"  The  surname  of  Elliot  in  the  South,  is 
said  to  have  come  from  a  village  called 
Elliot  in  the  North,  and  with  that  name 
came  to  the  South  Bonier  in  the  reign  of 
King  James  I.  of  Scotland,"    Nisbet. 

ELME.  ELLEM.  A  Berwickshire 
family,  "old  possessors  of  Elmside  and 
Ellemford"  in  that  county.     Nisbet. 

ELPIIINSTONE.*  "  Elfyn's-toun"  is 
the  oldest  designation  in  charters. 

ENTICK.     See  under  Entlcknap. 

ENTICKNAP.  This  imusual  surname 
is  very  ancient  in  West  Sussex,  to  which 
district  it  seems  to  be  limited.  Its  origin  is 
not  very  ai3i3arent.  It  may  be  derived  from 
3nticlt,  a  supposed  personal  name  (now  a 
surname),  and  the  A-Sax.  cnccp,  an  emi- 
nence— the  name  of  some  locality  now  uu- 
discoverable, 

ERCALL.  The  parish  of  High  Ercall, 
CO.  Salop,  was  possessed  by  the  De  Ercalls 
at  an  early  period. 

ERPINGHAM.  The  parish  so  desig- 
nated in  Norfolk,  gave  name,  ata  very  early 
period,  to  this  distinguished  family. 

ERSKINE.*  There  is  no  doubt  what- 
ever of  this  name  having  originated  from 
the  lands  of  Erskine,  as  stated  in  the  body 
of  the  Dictionary;  but  the  family  have  a 
tradition  of  another  deri-\^ation  and  a  higher 
antiquity.  A  Scotchman,  who  flourished, 
we  are  told,  temp.  Malcolm  II.  (1001— 1030) 
having  killed  Enric,  a  Danish  general,  at 
the  battle  of  Murt-IIill,  cut  off  his  head, 
and  witli  a  bloody  dagger  in  his  hand, 
shewed  it  to  the  monarch,  exclaiming  in 
Gaelic  :  "  I  did  it  with  my  Highland  sword 
(Eris  shj7ie),  and  I  intend  to  perform  more 
such  feats  ;"  whereupon  Malcolm  conferred 
upon  him  the  name  of  Erskine,  and  as- 
signed him  the  crest  of  a  liand  holding  a 
dagger,  with  the  motto  Je  j^ense  jjhis.  A 
crest,  and  a  French  motto  in  Scotland  in 
the  tenth  century  are '  curiosities  of  heraldry' 
hardly  surpassed  by   the  coat-armours  of 


Adam,  Noah,  King  David,  and  Alexander 
tlie  Great !  See  Skene,  for  an  analogous 
figment. 

ESMONDE.  "The  name,"  says  Mr. 
D'Altou,  "  is  of  Norman  extraction,  Esmon 
and  Sieur  Esmon  appearing  on  sundry  ear]}' 
records."  Temp.  Edward  I.,  1303,  Henry 
Estmund  had  the  royal  commission  to  pro- 
vide ships  in  the  harbours  of  Wexford,  &c., 
for  tJie  use  of  the  English  then  about  to  in- 
vade Scotland. 

EUNSON.     Evanson,  Euanson,  Eiinson. 

EURE.     See  Ure. 

EUSTACE.*  "  De  Burgo  relies  upon  an 
inscription  on  a  mounment  inthe  church  of 
St.  Sextus,  as  deriving  this  family  from  the 
Roman  martyr  St.  Eustachiiis."  The 
founder  of  the  name  in  Ireland  was  related 
to  Maurice  Fitz-Gerald,  from  whom  he  ob- 
tained a  portion  of  the  barony  of  Naas.  His 
descendant  was  Baron  of  Castle-Martin  in 
1200.     D'Alton. 

EVERS.  This  name  is  found  in  co. 
ileath,  very  early  after  Strongbow's  inva- 
sion of  Ireland,  in  the  form  of  De  Evere.  It 
is  therefore  probably  of  English  or  Anglo- 
Norman  origin. 

EWYAS.     See  under  Sudley. 

EYRE.*  "  The  first  of  the  name  known 
(in  Derbyshire),  is  William  le  Eyre  of  Hope, 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  III."  Noble  and 
Gentle  Men. 

EYTON".*  Another  ancient  family  bear- 
ing this  name  are  not  at  all  connected  with 
the  Shropshire  Eytons.  The  Eytons  of 
Denbiglishire  deduced  their  pedigree  from 
Ehys  Sais,  great-great-grandson  of  the  re- 
nowned Tudor  Trevor,  Avho  dwelling  at 
Eyton,  a  township  in  that  shire,  about  the 
period  of  the  Norman  Conquest,  assumed 
the  territorial  prefix,  and  was  called  De 
Eyton.  Madoc  de  Eyton,  who  died  in  1331, 
married  the  heiress  of  David  apGrono,  lord 
of  Eiiabon  in  the  same  county.  At  a  later 
period,  an  elder  son  possessed  Ruabon, 
while  his  younger  brother  continued  in  the 
old  ancestral  abode,  and  wrote  himself 
Eyton  of  Eyton.  Inf.  Rev.  E.  H.  M. 
Sladen. 

EYSTOK  The  Eystons  have  been 
seated  at  East  Hendred,  in  Berkshire,  ever 
since  the  time  of  Henry  VI.  Sliirley's 
Noble  and  Gentle  Men.  The  name  is 
doubtless  an  old  orthography  of  the  local 
Eastou. 


FER 


415 


FOU 


F. 


FaLLOK     See  O'Fallon. 

FALLOON.  Trobably  a  Walloon,  or 
native  of  what  was  former])'  called  the 
Spanish  Netherlands.  The  Walloon  lau- 
gnage  was  said  to  be  a  relic  of  the  ancient 
Gaulish,  and  hence  the  people  of  Artois, 
Hainault,  Namur,  Liixenibonrg,  and  part 
of  Flanders  and  Brabant,  who  spoke  it, 
were  called  Walloons  or  Gauls.  The  sub- 
stitution of  F  or  V  for  W  is  very  natural. 
See,  however,  O'Fallon  in  this  Supple- 
ment. 

FANNING.  The  family  were  located 
in  CO.  Limerick,  and  the  name  is  of  record 
in  Ireland  temp.  Edward  II.  (D'Altou.) 
The  latter  is  probably  local,  and  identical 
with  the  English  Penning. 

FEAVERYEAR.  This  singular  sur- 
name, which  is  of  very  unusual  occurrence, 
and  apparently  almost  limited  to  the 
eastern  counties  of  England,  is  conjectured 
to  be  a  corruption  of  the  French  Fevt-ier, 
the  month  February. 

FEILDING.  An  old  spelling  of  Field- 
ing, which  has  been  either  retained  or 
resumed  by  the  Earl  of  Denbigh's  family. 
The  orthography  in  Collins's  Peerage,  edit. 
17G8,  is  uniformly  Fielding.  According  to 
Lawrence's  Life  of  Henry  FiekUng,  the 
elder  branch  of  the  family  have  always  so 
spelt  it,  a  statement  Avhich  I  very  much 
doubt.  Mr.  L.  adds  :  "  It  is  related  of  the 
Novelist  that  being  once  in  the  company 
of  the  Earl  of  Denbigh,  his  lordship  was 
pleased  to  observe  that  they  were  both  of 
the  same  family,  and  asked  the  reapou 
why  they  spelt  their  names  differently. 
'  I  cannot  tell,  my  Lord,'  replied  the  Wit, 
'  unless  it  be  that  my  branch  of  the  family 
were  the  first  who  knew  how  to  spell  !'  " 

FEIRBRxVSS.     The  same  as  Firebrass. 

I^p°  FEMALE     CHRISTIAN    NAIMES.* 
Mr.     Clark,      speaking    of    Surnames 
adopted  from  feminine  baptismal  names, 
says  : — 
"  The  names  thus  taken  up  by  man, 
Are  Betty,  Polly,  Constance,  Anne; 
Rose,  Flora,  Lucy,  Margery,  Poll, 
Goody,  Catherine,  Ellenor,  Moll ; 
Hamiah,  Hester,  Madge,  and  Mattie, 
Venus,  Psyche,  Rosa,  Patty  ; 
Eva,  Ellen,  Eve,  and  Jane, 
Virgin,  Widdow,  Wench,  and  Dame; 
Helen,  Nanny,  Kate,  and  Nell, 
All  surnames  now  are  known  full  well." 
Surnames  Metrically  Arranged,  p.  1-1. 

FENTON.*  Of  that  Ilk,  in  Scotland 
temp.  Alexander  III.    Nisbet. 

FERGUSSON.'*  Very  ancient  in 
Ayrshire.  King  Robert  I.  granted  lands  in 
that  shire  to  an  ancestor,  Fergusio  Fer- 
gusii  filio.     Nisbet. 


FIFE.  "  The  surname  Fife  (but  a  small 
name  now)  pretends  to  be  descended  of  a 
younger  son  of  M'Duff,  Earl  of  Fife.  From 
which  title  they  liave  the  name,  and  carry 
tlie  arms."     Nisbet. 

FITZGERALD.*     In  the  Description  of 

Ireland  in  Plolinshed's  Chronicle  is  the 
following  passage,  shewing  by  what  mean 
tricks  this  name  became  so  widely  diffused 
as  we  now  find  it.  "  The  corrupt  orthogra- 
phic that  divers  use  in  writing  this  name, 
doth  incorporate  it  to  houses  thereto  linked 
in  no  kindrede : — Some  write  Gcrolde 
sundry  Oeraldc,  divers  very  corruptly 
Gerrot,  others  Gcrarde;  but  the  trueortho- 
graphie  is  Giralde,  as  may  appear  by 
Giraldus  Cambrensis  and  others.  Divers 
estraunge  houses  have  also  bene  shuffled  in 
among  this  familie,  by  sundry  gentlemen 
christening  of  their  children,  and  calling 
them  Giraldes,  though  their  surnames  were 
of  other  houses  ;  and  if  after  it  happened 
that  Girald  had  issue  Thomas,  John, 
Robert,  or  such  lyke,  then  they  would  bear 
the  surname  of  Girald  as  Thomas  Fitz- 
Girald,  and  thus  within  two  or  three 
discentes  they  shoove  themselves  among  the 
kindrede  of  the  Glraldini'S.  This  is  a 
general  fault  in  Ireland  and  Wales,  and  a 
great  confusion  and  extinguishment  of 
houses."  I  fear  that  in  another  country  or 
two,  not  far  from  Wales  and  Ireland,  this 
process  of  '^  skporing  "  and  "shutJUiig" 
into  great  names  is  not  extinct,  even  at 
the  present  day. 

FLEEMING.  The  O.  Scotch  form  of 
Fleming,  which  see.  The  Fleemings,  Earls 
of  Wigtoun  in  the  XIII.  century  were 
latinized  Flaudrensis  and  Flammaticus. 

FORBES.*  This  family  had  become 
widely  extended  and  powerful  in  the  XV. 
century.  "  These  of  this  name,"  says 
Nisbet,  "  are  said  by  our  historians  to  be 
originally  from  one  Ochonacber,  who  came 
from  Ireland,  and,  for  killing  a  wild  bear, 
took  the  name  Forbear  [queer  act  of  for- 
bearance  that!]  now  pronounced  Forbes!  " 
Yet  he  tells  us,  further  on,  that  the  family 
were  lords  of  Forbois  or  Forbes  in  Aber- 
deenshire. 

FORINGHAM.  A  corruption  of  Fother- 

ingham. 

FORSYTH.*  Said  to  be  "  of  that  Ilk  " 
in  Scotland.  King  Robert  Bruce  gave 
lands  in  the  sheriffdom  of  Stirling  to 
Osbert,  son  of  Robert  de  Forsyth.    Nisbet, 

FOTIIERINGHAM.*  The  first  of  the 
family  is  said  to  have  come  from  Hungary, 
with  ]\Iargaret,  Queen  of  King  Malcolm 
Canmore.     Nisbet. 

FOULIS.*  Nisbet  says  that,  "  the  name 
is  from  the  French  Avord  feueles,  M-hich 
signifies  leaves ;  whence  these  of  the  name 


GIL 


416 


GLO 


are  said  to  be  of  a  Freuch  extract  !"  In 
the  Bcxt  breath  he  tells  us  that  "  the  lauds 
of  Foulis  in  Angus  on  the  borders  of  Perth- 
shire belonged  of  old  to  those  of  this 
name." 

FOX.*  This  family  name  has  been  in 
some  instances  anglicized  from  an  Irish 
sept.  O'Siouagh,  wlio  were  possessed  in 
TefBa,  co.  Westmeath,  of  a  territory  ex- 
tending over  the  baronies  of  Rathcourath 
and  Cloulonan,  with  parcel  of  the  barony 
of  Kilcoursey  in  King's  County.  The  head 
of  the  sept  in  the  time  of  Elizabeth  was 
known  by  the  title  of  The  Fox ;  and  he  it 


was  who  obtained  large  grants  from  her 
Majesty  in  the  latter  county,  with  the  title  of 
Lord  Kilcoursey.  D'Alton. 
FROG.*  According  to  Mr.  Clark,  this 
name  still  survives.  See  Insects  and  Rep- 
tiles in  this  Dictionary. 

FULLALOVE.*  My  explanation  of  this 
name,  which  might  be  accounted  a  piece  of 
jocularity,  is  proved  to  be  correct  by  the 
existence  of  the  synonymous  Pleynamur 
(that  h  Plcin  (Vamom;  "full  of  love,")  in 
the  Rotuli  Hundredorum,  in  Avhicli  valu- 
al:)le  record  several  persons  are  so  desig- 
nated. 


Gaiter.     See  Gater. 

GARSHORE.  Nisbet  s.ays,  "  of  that 
Ilk  "  in  Scotlaud,  but  fails  to  inform  us  of 
the  place. 

GAUERIGAN.  In  Cornish  "  the  goat's 
downs " ;  an  estate  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Columlj  Major,  co.  Cornwall,  Mhere  the 
family  continued  to  reside  till  temp.  Eliza- 
betli. 

GAY.*  In  some  instances  this  name  may 
be  from  the  Fr.  gue,  a  ford. 

GEOGHEGAN.  The  sept  claim  descent 
from  Fiachra,  one  of  the  sons  of  Nial  of 
the  Nine  Hostages,  monarch  of  Ireland  in 
the  fifth  century.  Their  territory  ■\^•as  called 
Kinel-Fiacha,  and  extended  over  the  tract 
now  called  the  barony  of  Moycashel,  with 
parts  of  those  of  Moyashell,  Eathcourath, 
and  Fertullagh,  in  Westmeath,  within 
which  they  erected  various  castles,  the  chief 
being  at  Castle-town-Geoghegau  near  Kil- 
bcggan,  whose  wide  site  is  marked  on  the 
Ordnance  Survey.     D'Altou. 

GHOST.     See  Spirit. 

GILCHRIST.  (Referred  to,  but  acci- 
dentally omitted  in  the  body  of  the  work). 
See  under  Gill  in  this  Supplement. 

E^  GILL.  GIL.  A  prefix  of  many  old 
Gaelic  personal  names  now  become  sur- 
names. Like  the  Lowland  Scotch 
Gillie,  it  means  a  menial  servant.  In 
the  early  ages  of  Christianity  in  Scot- 
land, it  was  ordinary  for  religious  per- 
sons to  devote  and  designate  themselves 
as  servants,  either  of  the  Saviour  or  of 
some  saint.  Hence  among  others  the 
names — 
Gillies,  the  servant  of  Jesus. 


Gilchrist,  the  servant  of  Christ. 
Gilleanrias,  the  servant  of  St.  Andrew. 
Gillebride,    the  servant    of    St.  Bride  or 

Bridget. 
Gilpatric,  the  servant  of  St.  Patrick. 
Gillemiehel,  the  servantof  St.  Michael,  &c. 

Analogous  surnames  are — 
Gillespie,  the  servant  of  the  Bishop. 
Gilroy,  the  servant  of  the  King. 
Gilmour  or  Gillmore,  the  servant  or  hench- 
man of  a  Chief. 
(This   article  was   inadvertently  omitted 
from  the  liody  of  the  work.) 

GILLETT.  "In  England  there  are 
numerous  families  who  write  their  name 
Gillett  and  Gillot,  all  of  French  extraction  ; 
the  former  at  Glastonbury,  Exeter,  aud 
Banbury  ;  the  latter  at  Birmingham  aud 
Sheffield.  It  is  probable  tliat  these  names, 
as  well  as  Jellett  and  Guillot,  have  all  been 
originally  the  same,  namely  Gillot,  the 
diminutive  of  Gilles,  the  French  form  of 
Giles."  Ulster  Journal  of  Archseology — 
SBcl  duVifo. 

GLADSTAXES.  GLEDSTANES.  Of 
that  Ilk  in  Teviotdale,  i.  e.  Roxburghshire. 
"  This  family  is  pretty  ancient,"  says  Nis- 
bet,  who  finds  the  name  temp.  Robert  III. 

GLADSTONE.*  The  father  of  the 
Right  Hon.  W.  E.  Gladstone,  now  Chan- 
cellor of  the  Exchequer,  changed  the  or- 
thography of  his  name  from  Gledstanes. 
See  Gladstaues,  above. 

GLEN.     Of  that  Ilk,  in  Scotland.     Nis- 

bet. 

GLENEAGLES.  Of  that  Ilk,  in  Perth- 
shire. 

GLORIOUS.  Lat.  glorio.ms :  a  boast- 
fid  person. 


HAL 


417 


HAM 


GODLY.     See  Godley. 

GOODHART.  A  Teutonic  personal 
name  of  high  antiquit}'  of  which  Goddard 
is  the  ordinary  English  form.  The  family 
are  of  German  extraction. 

GOODING.  Probably  the  same  as  Godin, 
an  ancient  Teutonic  baptismal  appellation. 

GOURLAY.  This  name,  which  is  pro- 
bably Norman,  was  introduced  into  Scot- 
land by  William  the  Lion,  after  his  cap- 
tivity.    Nisbet. 

GOWN".     A  contraction  of  Gowan. 

GRANDIDGB.  A  modern  corruption 
of  Grandorge. 

GRANDMAIN.       Fr.       One    who    has 

great    hands.     Nisbet    gives    this,  in   his 
Heraldry,  as  the  name  of  an  English  family. 

GRANTHAM.  From  the  town  of  Grant- 
ham, CO.  Lincoln.  The  pedigree  com- 
mences with  Alexander  Grantham,  of  Gran- 
dibodium  alias  Grantham,  in  the  XIL  cent. 
See  Lausdowne  and  llarl.  MSS. 

GRATWICKE.  An  ancient  and  respect- 
able Sussex  name.  The  locality  from  which 
it  was  borrowed  I  cannot  ascertain,  unless 
it  be  the  manor  now  called  Gatewyk,  in 
Stej'uing. 

GRAVESEND.  A  town  in  Kent.  An 
early  proprietor  ofthenamewas  Sir  Stephen 
de  Gravesende.  Roll  of  Arms,  temp.  Ed- 
ward II. 

GREENSWORD.  There  are  several 
surnames  borrowed  from  the  "  blade  of 
war,"  such  as  Sword,  Lougsword,  Brown - 


sword,  &c.  Greensword  seems  to  be  of 
Irish  origin.  Dr.  Doran,  in  his  amusing 
article  on  "  Names  and  Nicknames,"  men- 
tions an  ancient  chieftain  named  Eochod, 
who,  besides  his  more  usual  surname  of 
"the  horse-headed,"  bore  the  aliases  of 
"  the  hunter"  and  "  of  the  sharp  green 
sword."     Universal  Review,  May,  18G0. 

GRIGNON.*     The  family  are  of  French 

Protestant  refugee  extraction  fi'om  Poitou, 
and  the  form  De  Grignon  shows  a  local 
origin. 

GRINDLER.  To  griiuUe  is  a  provin- 
cialism for  to  grind,  and  the  original  Mr. 
Grindler  may  therefore  have  been  either  a 
miller,  or  more  probably  a  gi-inder  of  edge 
tools,  a  grindstone  being  called  n  grhiclle- 
stone.  In  Scotland  .ry/'iwfrt/ means  a  granary, 
and  ffrtiital-nma  one  who  has  the  care  of 
the  same.  Grintal-man  and  Grindler  are 
possibly  synonymous. 

GRINFIELD.  A  modern  corruption  of 
Grenville.  The  connection  is  traceable, 
and  the  arms  are  those  of  that  ancient  and 
noble  Norman  race. 

GRISSELL.*  i\[y  conjecture  is  wrong. 
Until  within  the  last  century  the  name 
was  spelt  Griswold,  and  it  is  therefore  local. 

GUILD.  May  have  been  given  to  an 
active  official  in  some  ancient  guild  or 
brothei'hood ;  but  is  more  probably  derived 
from  the  Danish  guild  or  guld,  gold,  either 
with  reference  to  the  colour  of  the  hair,  or 
in  the  metaphorical  sense  referred  to  under 
Gold,  at  page  132. 

GQYATT.     SeeWyatt. 


HaBERSHON.  Possibly  from  haber- 
geon, the  breast-plate — cognate  with  Helm, 
Sword,  &c. 

HACKETT.*  "  This  name,  Ilecket,  oc- 
curs on  the  Roll  of  Battel  Abbey  as  one  of 
the  knights  who  attended  the  Conqueror 
from  Normandy.  His  race  early  extended 
over  Worcestershire  and  Yorkshire." 

HAITLEY.  Of  that  Ilk  in  Scothind,  co. 
Berwick. 

HALIBURTON.  "The  ])rincipal  old 
family  of  this  name  was  Halyburton,  of  that 
Ilk,  in  the  shire  of  Berwick.  The  chappel 
of  Halyburton  was  a  pendicle  of  the  church 
of  Greenlaw."  Nisbet.  The  family  are 
mentioned  so  early  us  the  reign  of  King 
Malcolm  IV. 


IIALSEWELL.     Halsewell,  co.  Devon, 

was  possessed  by  the  famil3'surnaraedfrom 
it  De  Halsewell,  almost  from  the  period  of 
the  Conquest,  and  it  still  belongs  to  tlieir 
descendant,  Colonel  Eemeys-Tyute,  whose 
ancestor  married  the  heiress  in  the  XYII. 
century. 

HALY.*     See  also  OTIaly. 

IIAMLEY.  An  armigerous  family  of 
considerable  antiquity  in  Cornwall,  where 
they  are  mentioned  temp.  Edw.  III.  See 
D.  Gilbert's  Cornwall,  pasHvi.  The  name 
existed  contemporaneously  with  Hamlyn, 
with  which  it  was  apparently  convertible 
in  that  county.  Hamlyn  is  of  course  the 
xV.-Norm.  personal  name  Hammeline.  The 
surname  is  now  of  rare  occurrence  in  Corn- 
wall, though  it  is  found  at  Exetei',  and  since 


11 A  W 


r 


418 


HOD 


about  the  beginning  of  the  present  century, 
at  Norwich. 

HANDYSIDE.*  That  this  name  was 
derived  from  the  personal  deformity  seems 
to  be  supported  by  the  existence  of  the  Nor- 
man sobriquet,  or  surname,  borne  by  Raoul 
Toi'tes-mains,  (literally  "twisted  or  crooked 
hands,")  to  whom  the  Conqueror  gave  a 
wife  and  lands  in  Yorkshire.  See  under 
Thorn. 

IIANLOX.     See  O'llanlon. 

HAREjMARE.  An  estate  in  the  parish 
ofEchingham,  co.  Sussex,  which  in  the 
XIV.  century  had  owners  of  its  own  name. 

HARNEW.     See  Delanoy. 

HARNEY.  The  name  of  Herny  or  Har- 
ney is  of  Irish  record  in  the  rolls  of  Chan- 
cery from  1325.     D'Alton. 

HARROLD.  The  Irish  family  suppose 
themselves  to  have  been  introduced  into 
that  country  on  its  invasion  by  the  Danes, 
which  is  very  prol^ably  the  case. 

HASLER.*  The  name  is  said  to  be  Ger- 
man— a  jester,  from  haselircn,  to  jest,  play, 
or  trifle.  It  occurs  at  Basle  in  Switzer- 
land. 

HAT.  1.  From  some  peculiarity  In  that 
article  of  costume?     2.  See  Hatt. 

HATHAWAY.*  An  ingenious  ode  to 
Anne  Hathaway,  the  wife  of  Shakspeare, 
and  attributed,  witliout  reason,  to  the  Bard 
himself,  plays  upon  her  name  in  an  agree- 
able puQ.  I  shall  quote  but  a  moiety  of 
it  :— 

I. 
"  Would  ye  tie  taiiglit,  ye  feathcr'd  throng, 
With  love's  sweet  notes  to  grace  your  song, 
To  pierce  the  heart  with  thrilling  lay, 
Listen  to  mine  Anne  Ilathaioay ! 
She  hath  a  way  to  sing  so  clear, 
Phcebus  iniglit  wontVring  stop  to  liear. 
To  melt  the  sad,  make  blitlie  tlie  gay. 
And  Nature  charm,  Anne  hath  a  icaij; 
She  hath  a  loay, 
Anne.  Hatliaway, 
To  breathe  delight  Anwn  hath  a  way. 
II. 
"  When  Envy's  breath  and  rancorous  tootli, 
Do  soil  and  bite  fan-  worth  and  truth, 
And  merit  to  distress  betray ; 
To  soothe  tlie  heart  Anne  hath  a  loay. 
Slie  hath  a  way  to  chase  despair, 
To  heal  all  grief,  to  cure  all  care. 
Turn  foulest  night  to  faux'st  day. 
Thou  know'st,  fond  lieart,  Anne  hath  away; 
She  hath  a  w'ay, 
Anne  Hathaway, 
To  make  grief  bliss,  Anne  hath  a  way." 

HAUTBOIS.  Fr.  "  the  elevated  wood,'' 
a  common  local  designation. 

HAUTE.  A  great  Kentish  family,  des- 
cended from  Ivo  de  Haut,  who  flourished 
under  Kings  John  and  Henry  III.  at  Ight- 
ham,  CO.  Kent.  French,  Jutut,  lofty ;  in  re- 
ference either  to  physical  structure,  or  to 
disposition  of  mind. 

HAWBERK.  The  ancient  family  of 
Hawberk  of  Stapleford,  who  became  ex- 
tinct in  the  XV.  cent,  were  sometimes 
written  Howbeeic,  Mhich  strongly  suggests 
a  local  derivation.  It  is,  however,  quite  as 
l)rol:iablo  that  the  name  was  derived  from 


the  A-Norm.  Mnlerh,  a  coat  of  mail. 
Halliwell  quotes  from  an  ancient  poem : — 
"  Syr  Mador  all  redy  was, 
With  hehno,  and  shelde,  and7i«7(?i(-(?-Z-e  shene." 
The  arms  of  the  family  comprise  three 
annulets  conjoined,  which  may  possibly 
refer  to  tlie  ringed  mail  of  which  a  hauberk 
was  composed.  Sir  Egerton  Brydges, 
writing  to  a  descendant  of  the  family,  says  : 
"  And  now  about  Haivhcrk.  I  must  be 
allowed  a  moment's  poetical  play.  I  have 
found  out  that  the  designers  of  their  arms 
were  bards  and  prophets  ;  that  they  had  "  a 
prophet's  eye,  a  poet's  fire,"  and  that  they 
anticipated  by  six  centuries  Gray's  Welsh 
Bard.     Have  you  forgot^ — 

"  Helm  nor  ITawbeuk's  twisted  mail  ?  " 
Are   not  the  knots  of  rings  on  the  shield 
the  identical  "twisted  mail?"      Genealo- 
gical History  of  the   family  of  Brabazon. 
Appendix  G, 

HAWTE.     An  old  spelling  of  Haut. 

HAYMONGER.  A  dealer  in  hay.  See 
Monger.  One  Hugli  le  Heymonger  was  a 
burgess  of  Great  Yarmouth.  See  Papers 
of  Norf.  Arch.  Soc.  iv.,  '2od. 

HAZELGROVE.*  A  correspondent 
sends  me  the  following  curious  statement 
about  a  place  from  which  it  is  probable  that 
the  surname  is  derived. 

"  Hazlegiiove,  CO.  Chester.  The  rather  pretty 
name  of  this  place  was  lost  for  several  generations, 
and  it  was  only  known  by  the  uneuphonious  designa- 
tion of  Bullock's  Smithy.  The  fact  which  brouglit 
about  so  great  a  change  was  as  fulloAvs: — In  the  early 
part  of  the  XVIII.  cent,  there  stood  at  the  entrance 
to  the  village  a  blacksmith's  shop  or  smithy,  kept  by 
a  man  named  Bullock,  who  drove  a  good  trade  among 
the  farmers  of  the  neighbourhood  ;  and  the  constant 
use  of  the  expression,  "  Go  [with  the  horses  to  be 
shod,  for  example]  to  Bullock's  Smithy,"  had  at  length 
the  effect  of  changing  the  name  of  the  hamlet.  The 
village,  now  an  extensive  one,  is  partly  in  the  parish 
of  Stockport  and  partly  in  that  of  Norbury ;  and, 
some  years  ago,  when  a  district  church  was  about  to 
he  erected  in  it,  the  good  jieople  of  Bullock's  Smithy 
felt  i-ather  ashamed  of  its  designation,  and,  as  there 
was  some  faint  tradition  of  another  name,  the  paro- 
chial records  were  examined,  «'hcn  to  their  delight  it 
was  discovered  that  the  true  and  ancient  name  of  the 
village  A^as  llazlegrove  !  " 

I  -H-ish  that  the  inhabitants  of  a  little  village  near 
Plymouth,  had  possessed  as  much  good  taste  as  the 
Biillocksmithians <Mi\,  when  tliey  got  a  district  church 
built  for  t?iem.  In  that  case  their  house  of  prayer 
would  not  have  obtained  the  very  objectionable  name 
of  Knacker's  Knowl  Church,  which  means  something 
that  could  not  be  surpassed  by  even  the  wildest 
flights  of  the  maddest  etymologist— namely  :  "  The- 
church-of-the-little-emincnce — where-worn-out-hor- 
ses-are-killed-for-the-food-of-dogs  !  !" 

HEALEY.*     See  also  O'Haly. 

HEASMAN.*  Ilyseman  was  an  A-Sax. 
baptismal  name,  Hysemauues  Thorn. 
Codex.  Dipl.  iii.  313. 

HELDE.     Germ,  held,  a  hero,  champion. 

HENNESY.     See  O'Hennesy. 

HERINGOD.  The  same  as  Ilerlngaud. 
Tliis  name  was  influential  in  Sussex  in  the 
XIII.  and  XIV.  centuries. 

HOARE.*  This  family  are  of  record  in 
Ireland  from  the  time  of  Edward  II.  Sir 
David  '  le  Horc  '  was  ;-heriff  of  co.  AYex- 
fovd  in  1331.     D'Alton. 

HODD.*     A-Sax.  a  hood.     The    name 


IRB 


419 


may  therefore  liave  had  an  origin  simihxr 
to  tluit  of  Quaifc. 

HOKEDAY.     See  Hockday. 

HOLDUP.  A  Hampshire  surname,  which, 
in  a  deed  of  1725,  is  written  Houldupp, 
and  subsequently  Houldup.  Other  forms 
of  the  name  appear  to  be  Holdip,  Holdeep. 
It  is  probably  local,  the  latter  syllable  being 
a  corruption  of  hope,  though  it  may  belong 
to  the  same  class  as  Standfast,  Standeven, 
&c.     See  Hope. 

HOLL.*  Probably  A-Sax.  hoi,  a  den  or 
cavern. 

HOLLTNG  WORTH.  A  township  In  the 
parish  of  Mottram,  co.  Chester,  possessed 
by  the  family  in  very  early  times. 

HOO.*  The  family  of  Thomas  Hoc, 
created  Lord  Hoo  and  Hastings,  who  died  in 
1455,  are  said  to  have  been  derived  from  a 
Saxon  source.  It  is  certain  that  one  Ed- 
rich  de  Ho  was  living  contemporaneoysly 
with  Archbishop  Odo,  the  Conqueror's 
half-brother.  The  pedigree  of  the  family, 
printed  by  W.  D.  Cooper,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  in 
Sussex  Arch.  Coll.,  vol.  viii.,  p.  130,  de- 
duces them  from  Robert  Hoo,  of  Hoo  co. 
Kent,  who  died  as  early  as  the  year  1000. 

HOOKER.*  Another  meaning  of  the 
word  is  a  shoplifter.  Halliwell.  "A  cun- 
ning filcher,  a  craftie  hooJier."  Florio.  Only 
imagine  the  "Judicious  Hooker"  to  be  a 
mere  synonym  of  an  ingenious  pilferer  ! 

HOREHAM.  An  estate  in  the  parish 
of  Waldron,  co.  Sussex,  where  the  family 
were  resident  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III., 
and  probably  earlier. 

HORNER.*  The  Homers,  and  tAvo 
other  families,  who  had  greatly  enriched 


JAG 

themselves  by  the  fall  of  the  monasteries  at 
the  Reformation,  were  thus  commemorated 
in  sarcastic  rhyme  : — 

"POPHAM,    HORNEn,   <aiKl  TnTNXE; 

When  the  monks  popped  out,  they  popped  in." 
A  writer  in  the  Quarterly  Review,  April, 
18(50,  in  quoting  the  couplet,  adds:  "The 
Horncrs  may  rely  on  the  nursery  rhyme,  in 
which  Little  Jack  Horner  puts  in  his  thumb 
and  pulls  out  a  plum,  i.e.,  a  grant  of  fat 
abbey  lands !" 

HORSE  BURG  H.  "  Horseburgh  of  that 
Ilk,"  an  ancient  family  in  the  shire  of 
Tweddale."     Nisbet. 

HOSEGOOD.      The    A-Sax.     personal 
name  Osgod. 
HOSPITAL.     From  residence  near  one. 

HOTOT.  Two  places  in  Normandy  bear 
this  name — one  in  the  department  of  Cal- 
vados ;  the  other  in  that  of  the  Lower 
Seine. 

HUDDLESTONE.*  In  the  North  of 
England,  to  huddle  means  to  hurl;  and 
hence  the  epitaph — ■ 

On  Mr.  Thomas  Huddlestone. 

"  Here  lies  Thomas  Huddlestone !  Reader  don't  smile, 
But  reflect  while  his  tomb-stone  you  view ; 
For  Dentil,  who  kill'd  him,  in  a  very  short  v.hile, 
AVill  hiuldle  a  stone  upon  you!" 

HUSSEY.*  The  Irish  branch  are  de- 
scended from  Sir  Hugh  Hussey,  who 
•having  married  the  sister  of  Theobald  Fitz- 
Walter,  the  first  Butler  of  Ireland,  obtained 
temp.  Henry  II.  "large  possessions  in  the 
county  of  Meath,  including  the  locality  of 
Galtrim,  in  the  right  of  which  the  family 
took  the  palatine  title  of  Barons  of  Gal- 
trim."    D'Alton. 


I. 


InC  A.RNATION,  Among  the  records 
of  the  Registrar  General  is  the  extraordi- 
nary name  of  Gahriel  Incarnation.  The 
surname  appears  tobelougtothesame  class 
as  Noel,  Easter,  Pentecost,  Sumption,  &c. 

Since  the  above  was  written  I  have  met 
with  the  following  passage  in  an  imperfect 
copy  of  a  work,  the  title  of  which  is  un- 
known to  me  :— "  Upon  the  entry  into  any 
religious  order,  it  is  necessary  to  take  a  new 
proper  name  ;  and  sometimes  with  the  ad- 
dition of  some  other  saint,  or  other  epithet, 
as  Francis  of  St.  Clare,  or  Thomas  of  the 
Incarjiation,  or  the  like." 

IRBY.*     The  ancestors  of  Lord  Boston 
were    connected   with    co.    Lincoln    at  a 
3G 


remote  period,  being  J'.ords  of  Ireby  or 
Irby  in  that  shire.  The  first  recorded  an- 
cestor is  Sir  William  de  Ireby,  35  Henry 
IIL 

IWOOD.  An  estate  at  ^Yarbleton,  co. 
Sussex,  which  had  owners  of  the  same  name 
in  the  XV.  century. 

IZARD.*  Probably  the  Fr.  isarcl,  the 
chamois,  or  wild  goat ;  applied  in  relation 
to  swiftness  of  foot. 

JACKET.  ] .  Jacquet,  a  diminutive  of  the 
Fr  Jacques.  James.  2.  The  garment  called 
a  doublet.'  3.  Cotgrave  has  "  Jaquet,  a 
pihirim  to  St.  James  of  Compostella ;  also 
a  "parasite,  sychophant,  clawbacke,  pick- 
thanke,  flattering  smell-feast." 


LAL 

JACOX.  Probably  a  modification  of 
James,  as  Simcox  is  of  Simon,  Wilcox  of 
William,  &c. 

JANUARY.  Not  from  the  montli,  but 
an  anglicized  form  of  the  Latin  personal 
name  Jannarius. 

JONES.*     For  the  statistics  of  this  name, 


420 


LAN 


and  its  occasional  rivalry  with  the  Smiths, 
see  under  Sjnilh. 

JULY.     Not  from  the   month,    but    an 

English  form  of  the   Latin  personal  name 

Julius. 
JUNE.      Not    from    the    month,  but  a 

probable  corruption   of  the  Fr.  Le  Jeune, 

equivalent  to  Young. 


Keating.  This  common  Irish  sur- 
name is  of  record  from  temp.  Edward  II. 
In  1302  James  de  Ketyng  -was  one  of  the 
Irish  magnates  invited  to  attend  King  Ed- 
ward in  the  Scottish  war.  D'Alton.  From 
the  local  Be,  the  name  w"ould  appear  to  have 
been  originally  English. 

KEELEY.     See  O'Keeley. 

KENDELAN.  The  family  of  O'Crende- 
lain  were  Tanists  of  Leogaire,  co.  Meath,  of 
■which  Argus  O'Ciendelain  died  lord  in  1017. 
D'Alton. 

KILGOUR.  An  old  Scottish  family,  who 
probably  derived  their  name  from  a  place 
so  called  in  the  parish  of  Falkland,  co. 
Fife. 

KINCAID.*  The  Kincaids  were  "of 
that  Ilk,"  at  an  early  date.  Of  the  castle 
in  the  amis  of  the  family,  Nisbet  remarks  : 
"  It  seems  the  castle  represents  that  of 
Edinburgh  ;  for  these  of  the  family  were  a 
long  time  constables  thereof.' '  An  ancestor, 
"  for  his  valiant  service  in  recovering  of  the 
castle  of  Edinburgh  from  the  English,  in 
the  time  of  King  Edward  I.,  was  made 
constable  of  the  said  castle,  and  his  pos- 


terity enjoyed  that  office  for  many  yeai't', 
carrying  the  castle  in  their  anns,  in 
memory  thereof,  to  this  day.  There  is  an 
old  broad-sword  belonging  to  one  of  the 
families  of  the  name  of  Kincaid,  upon 
which  are  the  aljove  arms,  with  the  castle, 
with  these  words  : — 

"  Wha  will  persew,  I  mil  defend 
My  life  and  lionoiir  to  the  end." 

— Ni-sbet. 

KINCRAIGIE.  Nisbet  says,  "  of  that 
Ilk ;"  but  neither  he  nor  the  gazetteer  helps 
us  to  the  localit}'. 

KINNEIR.  The  family  had  a  charter  of 
the  lands  so  called  in  Fifeshire,  from  King 
Alexander  II.    Nisbet. 

KIRKCALDIE.  KIRKCALDY.* 

Nisbet  designates  this,  "  an  old  family, 
which  ended  in  an  heiress,"  married  to 
Picginald  Kinuaird,  in  or  before  the  year 
1399. 
KYNNINMOND.  Of  that  Ilk  in  Fife- 
shire. A  member  of  this  family  became 
Bi.?hop  of  Aberdeen  in  tlie  yenr  1172.  The 
heiress  married  a  Murray  in  the  XVII. 
cent. 


Probably   a    contraction    of 


Lace. 

Lacy, 
LALLY.  From  an  old  genealogy  of  this 
family  it  appears  that  Amlavus  O'Maolalla, 
chief  of  Tulla-uy-Maolalla,  was  descended 
in  the  thirteenth  generation  fromMaolalla, 
who,  at  the  close  of  the  tenth  century,  was 
ruler  of  IMoen-nioge,  now  Clanricarde.  The 
name  was  shortened  first  to  O'MulIall}', 
then  to  O'Lally,  and  finally  to  Lally. 
DAlton, 


LAMiMIE.  In  Scotland,  is  doubtless  the 
French  L\hni,  "the  friend." 

LANDEL.  Nisbet  says  that  the  family 
of  Landel,  Lord  Landel  of  Berwickshire, 
"  long  since  ended  in  an  heiress,  who  was 
married  to  Sir  Alexander  Home,  of  that 
Ilk."  It  seems  that  the  name  was  origin- 
ally written  De  Laudelys,  Landels,  &c. 

LANDELLS.*  It  Is  more  probable  that 
the  name  is  Scottish.     See  Landel,  above. 


MAC 


421 


MAC 


LAST.  A  correspondent  sugjTests  that 
this  refers  to  the  trade  of  a  cobbler — the 
last  (crepida)  being  a  not  uncommon 
sign. 

LAUDERDALE.  The  great  district  of 
Berwickshire,  which  gives  title  to  the 
noble  house  of  Maitland,  in  old  times  gave 
a  surname  to  this  family. 

LAW.*  The  Laws  of  Lawbridn-e,  B02;- 
ness,  &;c.,  in  Scotland,  are  traced  to  the 
XIV.  century.     Nisbet. 

LEECH.*  This  surname  was  latinized 
by  Mcdiciis,  and  it  is  not  uncommon  in 
medieval  records.  The  H.R.  supply  an 
Agnes  Medica,  probably  a  "  doctress  "  or 
she-quack  of  the  thirteenth  century. 

LELIEU.  Sometimes  spelt  Lellew  and 
Lelew.     See  Delanoy. 

LESLIE.*  A  correspondent  says,  that 
the  Hungarian  descent  of  the  family  is 
fabulous  —  the  Bartholomew,  or  j'ather 
Bertholf.  referred  to,  having  received  his 
original  charter  of  the  lauds  of  Leslie  a 
hundred  years  later  than  the  coming  of 
Margaret  of  Hungary. 

LEXINGTON.  LEXINTON.  This 
name  was  taken  from  the  lordship  of 
Lexington,  now  Laxton  in  Nottingbam- 
sliii-e,  which  was  possessed  by  Richard  de 
Lexinton  temp.  King  John. 

LTLBORNE.     The  same  as  Lilburu. 

LILBURN.  A  parish  in  Northampton- 
shire, and  two  townships  in  Northumber- 
land are  called  Lilbourne. 

LILWALL.     A  township   in  Hertford- 
shire. 
LIQUORICE.     See  Liquorish. 

LOGAN.*  The  fiunily  are  of  record  in 
Scotland  at  an  early  date,  Dominus  Rober- 
tus  de  Logan  being  mentioned  in  a  charter 
of  12.  Alexander  II.  AValter  Logan  of 
Lanarkshire  swore  fealty  to  King  Edward  I. 
in  1297.     Nisbet. 

LOGIE.*  Of  that  Ilk,  in  Scotland. 
Margaret,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Logie  of 
Logic,  married  King  David  II.,  whose 
reign  commenced  in  1329. 

LOCKERBY.  A  town  in  the  parish  of 
Dryfesdale,  Annandale.  The  family  were 
"  of  that  Ilk." 

LOCKHART.*      A  correspondent    ob- 


serves, that  the  name  was  spelt  Loccard 
some  generations  before  the  time  of  Robert 
Bruce,  and  suggests  that  it  is  of  Norman 
origin. 

LOIMAS.     See  Loraax. 

LOMAX.  This  surname,  and  its  verna- 
cular pronunciation  Lomas,  have  long  been 
associated  with  South  Lancashire.  The 
ancient  orthography  appears  in  a  MS. 
Rent  Roll  of  Sir  John  Pilkington  of  Burj', 
Knt.,  dated  13.  Henry  VI.,  as  Del 
Lundialglics,  Del  Lumhalghe.  To  lum- 
ludglte,  which  appears  to  be  a  topogra- 
phical expression,  lean  attach  no  meaning. 
In  the  early  part  of  the  seventeenth 
century  the  name  was  written  Lummas  : 
somewliat  later,  viz.,  in  1653,  it  first  ap- 
pears as  Lomax.  See  Notes  and  Queries, 
Dec.  10,  1859.  In  the  South  of  England 
the  0  in  Lomas  and  Lomax  is  long. 

LUKIS.  A  Guernsey  surname.  Probably 
another  form  of  Lucas. 

LUNDIN.       Of  that    Ilk    in   Scotland. 

Nisbet. 

LUNHUNTER.*  A  correspondent 
sends  me  the  following  satisfactory  account 
of  this  name  : — "  A  bird  now  known  in 
this  country  as  the  Great  Northern  Diver 
( Cohjmhtis  (jlaclalis)  was  formerly  termed 
the  loon.  This  name  is  still  given  to  the 
bird  by  the  inhabitants  of  the  north- 
eastern coasts  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  where  it  is  very  plentiful.  Before 
the  invention  of  percussion  guns,  it  was 
almost  impossible  to  shoot  this  bird,  as  it 
dived  instantaneously  on  perceiving  the 
flash  of  the  ignited  gunpowder  in  the  pan 
of  the  old  flint  lock.  And,  in  consequence, 
a  person  who  entertains  impracticable  views 
is  called  by  the  Americans,  a  Loonlmnter. 
I  have  frequently,  in  the  state  of  Maine, 
heard  the  phrase  'going  a  loon-lmntbuj  ' 
applied  in  the  same  manner  as  we  should 
say,  '  going  on  a  wild-goose  chase.'  And 
I  have  also  frequently  heard  the  epithet 
'  Loon-hunter,'  applied  to  a  silly  ambitious 
person,  willing  to  undertake  what  he  could 
not  by  any  means  perform — one,  in  short, 
as  we  should  say,  likely  'to  go  out  for 
wool,  and  come  home  shorn.'  Many  old 
English  words  and  phrases,  obsolete  in 
tliis  country,  arc  still  current  in  the  New 
England  States.  The  Americans  never 
speak  of  going  to  shoot :  what  we  terra 
shooting  they  call  gunning  or  hunting.'''' 


MaCARTY.  "  The  annals  of  Innis- 
fallen  abound  in  records  of  the  patriotism 
and  perseverance  with  which  the  noble 
sept  of  Macarty  laboured  to  resist  the  early 
invasions  of  the  Danes,  until  they  were  at 


length  induced  to  tolerate  their  settling, 
for  commercial  purposes,  in  tlie  province 
of  Desmond,  of  which  they  were  kings. 
When  Henry  II.  landed  at  Waterford, 
ilac   Carty,   King  of  Desmond,  deliA'ered 


MAC 


422 


MAG 


to  him  the  keys  of  Cork,  and  did  homage." 
D'Altou.  The  family  wore  divided  into  two 
branches,  Mac  Carty  More,  and  Mac  Carty 
Reagh. 

MABSON".  The  son  of  Mab,  or  Abra- 
ham. 

MAC  BRAIR.  An  ancient  family  in 
Dumfries-shire.     Nisbet. 

MAC  BRENNAK  "The  Mac  Bren- 
nans  were  chiefs  of  Corcaghlan,  a  district 
of  the  county  of  Roscommon,  forming  part 
of  that  in  wliich  is  the  well-linown  moun- 
tain Slieve-Ban.  So  early  as  in  the  year 
1150,  the  Four  Masters  record  the  death  of 
Maolisa  Bi-aunau,  archdeacon  of  Derry." 
D'Altou. 

MAC  CANN.  The  INIac  Cans  were 
chiefs  of  Hy  Bresail,  an  ancient  territory 
of  the  borders  of  Armagh  and  Tyrone,  near 
Lougli  Nea.  D'Alton.  The  name  ascends 
to  the  XII.  cent.  In  the  year  1189  (say 
the  Fonr  Masters)  died  Echmilidh,  son  of 
Mac  Can,  "the  delight  and  happiness  of 
all  Tyrone." 

MAC  DONOUGH.  "  A  powerful  sept 
in  the  county  of  Sligo,  having  an  exten- 
sive territory  in  the  Jjarony  of  Corran ; 
they  were  also  at  a  very  early  date  estab- 
lished in  CO.  Cork,  where  they  held  the 
noble  castle  of  Kantark.  In  the  former 
county  they  are  considered  to  have  branched 
from  the  JIac  Dermots,  and  in  the  latter 
from  the  Mac  Carties."  According  to  the 
Four  Masters  they  took  their  name  from 
one  Douoiigh,  who  flourished  in  Sligo  in 
1278.     D'Alton. 

MAC  GAWLEY.  A  corruption  of  ]Mac 
Awley.  The  head  of  the  house  was  chief 
of  Calrigia  on  the  borders  of  Westmeath 
and  King's  County.  The  lineage  is  traced 
from  Manie,  the  fourth  son  of  Niall  of  the 
Nine  Hostages;  but  so  far  as  Mr.  D'Alton's 
account  goes,  the  first  person  that  occurs  of 
this  surname  is  Aireachtach  Mac  Awley, 
chief  of  Calrigia,  who  died  in  1187. 

Whatever  may  be  the  difference  of  pedi- 
gree between  these  Irish  Mac  Awleys  and 
the  Scottish  Mac  Aulays,  there  can  scarcely 
be  a  doubt  that  both  surnames  are  from  a 
common  source,  and  that  the  root  of  Awley 
and  Aulay  is  the  same. 

MAC  GUIRE.     See  Maguire. 

MAC  GUNSHENAN.  A  clan  of  this 
name  existed  in  Fermanagh  about  Lough 
Erne.     D'Altou. 

]\IACHELL*  An  intelligent  correspond- 
ent, who  pleads  for  the  Danish  origin  of  the 
family,  reminds  me  that  in  the  Domesd.  of 
Yorkshire  the  brothers  Ulpli  and  Maeliel 
held  lands  in  Lonsdale  and  Cockerham. 
Other  varieties  of  the  name  are  IMalchaen, 
Mauchaell,  Malchieu,  Catulus,  and  De  Cas- 
tro Catulino. 

MAC  JONNIN.  A  name  peculinrly 
located  in  the  counties  of  Mayo  and  Gal- 
way  ;  a  branch  is  also  traced  in  co.  Do\vn. 
D'Alton. 


MAC  KETTIGAN.  This  sept  were 
anciently  the  territorial  proprietors  of 
Clan-diarmada,  now  Clan-dermot,  co. 
Kerry,  over  which  county  and  Donegal  the 
name  is  still  e.xtant. 

]\IAC  KINLAY.  Kinlay,  or  Finlay,  Is  a 
Gaelic  personal  name ;  and  Finlayson  and 
Mackinlay  are  therefore  synonymous. 

MAC  MANUS.*  The  Mac  Manus  was 
chief  of  a  numerous  and  influential  clan 
of  Fermanagh.  According  to  the  native 
annalists,  they  had  the  command  of  the 
shipping  in  Lough  Erne.     D'Alton. 

MAC  MILL  AN.  "  The  M'Millans  are 
said  to  be  Buchannans  by  descent,  and  to 
liave  changed  their  name  upon  account  of 
slaughter."     Nisbet. 

MAC  NAB.*  According  to  some  autho- 
rities this  name  signifies  "  the  son  of  the 
Abbot." 

MAC  PHERSON.*  "Strange  is  the 
origin  of  the  name  Maepherson,  though 
now  as  common  among  the  canny  Scots 
as  Williams  or  Bowen  in  Wales,  or  as  hops 
or  cherries  in  Kent.  During  the  reign  of 
David  I.  of  Scotland,  it  appears  that  a 
younger  brother  of  the  chief  of  the  then 
powerful  clan  Chattan,  espoused  the 
clerical  life,  and  in  due  course  of  time 
became  Abbot  of  Kingussie.  His  elder 
brother,  whether  he  fell  in  battle  or  died  in 
his  bed,  somehow  or  other  died  childless, 
and  thechieftainship unexpectedly  devolved 
on  the  venerable  abbot.  Suiting  the  action 
to  the  word,  or  rather  suiting  his  convic- 
tions to  his  circumstances,  the  monk  pro- 
cured from  the  Pope  the  necessary  dispen- 
sation, and  the  Abbot  of  Kingussie  became 
the  husband  of  the  fair  daughter  of  the 
Thane  of  Calder.  A  swarm  of  little 
Kiugussies  naturallj'  followed,  and  the 
good  people  of  Invernessshire  as  naturally 
called  them  Macphersons— i.e.,  "  the  sons 
of  the  parson."     Once  a  Week. 

MAC  SHANLEY.     See  O'Shanley. 

I\IAC  SAVEENY.  A  branch  of  the 
O'Neills,  who  settled  in  Donegal,  and  there 
established  three  great  families.  They 
were  also  important  in  Munster  in  the 
XIII.  century.     D'Alton. 

MADDEN.     See  O'l^.Iadden. 

MADGWTCK.  This  name  Is  almost 
peculiar  to  Sussex,  and  it  probably  origi- 
nated from  some  locality  in  the  western 
part  of  that  county,  which  no  longer  re- 
tains its  old  designation.  To  that  district 
also  belong  Gratwicke,  Padwick,  Eudwiek, 
and  other  sui'namcs  terminating  in  ayiCK, 
the  places  from  which  tliey  were  derived 
being  for  the  most  part  unknown.  This 
name  is  always  pronounced  as  if  written 
Magic,  and  is  a  good  example  of  the  facility 
with  which  a  name  may,  by  a  simple 
peculiarity  of  pronunciation,  come  to  re- 
present something  totally  different  from  its 
real  origin. 

JIAGRATH.  "  The  Mngraths  or  Craiths 
are   of  Milesian   descent.     According    to 


MON 


423 


MUS 


O'Dugau,  who  wrote  in  the  fourteenth 
century,  they  were  lords  of  a  district  of 
Fermanagh  iu  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth 
centuries."  They  were  a  castle-building 
family,  and  erected  one  at  Abbeyside  near 
DungarvaTi ;  another  at  Fernane,  near 
Sledy;  a  third  at  Comragli ;  and  a  fourth 
at  Reigh,  in  the  barony  of  Glenalieiry, 
From  the  Telegraph,  an  Irish  newspaper. 

MANTLE.     See  Mautell. 

MASTERTON.  A  viUage  in  the  parisli 
of  Dunfermline,  co.  Fife. 

MELDRUM.*  The  Melclrums  were 
"  of  that  Ilk,"  in  the  XIII.  century,  the 
first  of  the  name  mentioned  by  Nisbct 
being  Alexander  de  Melgedrura,  who 
flourished  in  1278. 

MENCE.  This  old  Worcestershire  name, 
which  occurs  in  the  various  forms  of  lilayens, 
Mauns,  Maunce,  Menske,  Mens,  Meuse,  and 
Mence,  is  in  all  probability  derived  from  the 
Khenish  city  of  Mayence  or  Mentz.  Under 
the  name  of  Mayeus  the  family  were  owners 
of  laud  in  Ombersley  about  the  jear  1327. 
See  Nash's  Worcestershire,  ii.  22G. 

MERRY".*  A  more  likely  derivation  is 
from  Merdericus,  a  personal  name,  softened 
by  the  French  into  Merry.  The  Koman 
church  honours  a  Saint  Jlerry  on  the  2yth 
of  August.  There  is  also  a  commune  in 
the  arrondissement  of  Argentan  called 
Merri. 

MERTENS.  Of  Flemish  origin.  This 
name,  or  more  correctly  Melirtens,  is  not 
imcommon  in  Belgium. 

MINSTER.*  There  are  parishes  speci- 
fically called  Minster  in  the  counties  of 
Cornwall,  Kent,  Essex,  and  Oxford. 

MONCUR.*  The  family  were  "  of  that 
Ilk."  temp.  Robert  I.  and  David  Bruce. 
Nisbet. 

MONCKTON.  This  family  are  of  great 
antiquity  in  co.  York,  and  derive  tlieir  de- 
scent from  Simon  Monckton  of  Sloncktou, 
near  Boroughbridge,  which  lordship  his 
posterity  enjoyed  until  it  was  made  a 
nunnery  in  the  year  1326,  and  called  Nuu- 
Monckton.     Courthope's  Debrett. 

MONSON.*  The  following  rather  happy 
pun  on  this  name  is  given  in  "Willis's  His- 
tory of  Cathedrals : — 

"  Lunam  cum  Phccho  jungito,  nomen  habes"— 
Join  Moon  and  Sun,  and  Monson  you  wUl  have. 
Heraldic  Anomalies. 

MONTALT.*  It  is  probable  that  the 
original  name  was  the  Norman  Moiit-hault, 
"  the  lofty  hill,"  and  that  Montalt  is  from 
the  latinization  De  Monte  Alto. 

MONTEITB.  "  The  first  of  this  name 
was  Walter,  third  son  to  Walter,  and 
brother  to  Alexander,  High  Steward  of 
Scotland, who,  being  made  Earl  of  Monteith, 


took  the  surname  of  Monteith,  which  des- 
cended to  all  his  posterity  :  and  to  show 
that  they  were  originally  of  the  stock  of 
tlie  Stewarts  they  turned  ih^Fesse  Checque 
to  a  Bend:''    Nisbet. 

MONYPENNY.*  "Some  conjecture 
that,  upon  the  similitude  of  arms,  the 
Monypeunies  are  originally  from  tlie 
Dauphinutes  in  France."     Nisbet. 

MOON.*     In   the  Roll   of  Carlaverock, 
A.D.  1300,  John  de  Mohun  (represented  as 
carrying  a   yellow    banner   witli  a   black 
cross  engrailed)  is  called  John  de  Mooun. 
"  Jaune  n  crois  noire  cngreelie 
La  portoit  Jolin  rtc  Mooun." 

Nicolas'  aiege  uf  Carlaverock,  p.  18. 

MORBROKE.  An  estate  at  ITailsham, 
CO.  Sussex,  now  corrupted  to  Mullbrooks, 
where  the  family  resided  in  the  XIV.  cen- 
tury, the  site  of  tlicir  residence  being  still 
marked  bj'^  traces  of  a  moat. 

MORD  ACQUE.  The  family  are  derived 
from  Brittany.  Tlie  name  is  probably  a 
modification  of  the  Latin  mordax,  biting, 
sharp,  cutting — a  sobriquet  applied  to  its 
original  bearer.     See  Mordaunt. 

A  correspondent  observes,  that  it  is  a 
singular  coincidence  that  the  first  syllables 
of  the  Latin  verb  and  the  Greek  verb  for 
'to  bite' — MOR— ta\- — make  up  the 
name. 

MORILLION,     See  Delanoy. 

MORTH.     See  Rundle. 

MOUNTENEY  Probably  from  one  of 
the  three  Norman  localities  now  called 
Montigni,  and  situated  respectively  near 
Caen,.  Jlortain,  and  Rouen.  In  the  reign 
of  Edward  I.  Robert  de  Mounteuy  held 
lauds  at  Sawston,  co.  Cambridge.  The 
family  were  at  a  later  date  seated  in  Nor- 
folk. 
MULNE.*  This  word  is  not  only  a 
provincial,  but  also  an  archaic,  form  of 
mill.  In  the  curious  satirical  ballad  on 
Richard,  King  of  the  Romans,  who,  at  the 
battle  of  Lewes,  1204,  took  refuge  in  a 
wind-mill,  we  read : — 

"  The  King  of  Alcmaignc  wende  to  do  fill  wel, 
He  saised  the  Mulne  for  a  Castel, 
With  hare  sliarpe  s^verdes  he  ground  the  stel, 
He  Avendc  that  tlie  sayles  Averc  JIungonel." 

MUjMPERSON,  a  mumper  is  in  some 
dialects  a  beggai",  and  it  might  be  imagined 
that  this  family  originated  with  a  beggar's 
son  !  It  is,  however,  a  simple  corruption 
of  Mompesson,  an  ancient  Norman  name 
of  high  repute,  erewhile  Mont-Pinson. 

MURCHISON.  A  corruption  of  Mer- 
chistoun,  in  Scotland,  the  scat  of  the 
Napiers.  So,  frequently,  Johnson  from 
Johnstouu. 

MURTH.     See  Rundle. 

jNIUSHET.     A    Scottish    corruption  of 

Montfichet. 


OLD 


424 


OSI 


N^AIRN.*  Nairn,  Lord  Nairn,  was  "  of 
that  Ilk."     Nisbet. 

NAPKIN.  Many  years  since  a  Sussex 
foundling,  who  had  been  exposed  iu  a 
napkin  near  a  brook,  received  the  designa- 
tion of  Xaphm  JJroolier.  Wlietlier  the 
surname  originated  iu  some  similar  manner 
I  cannot  say. 

NEALDS.  Obviously  of  the  same 
origin  as  Nield.  The  family  came  from 
Cheshire,  where  the  latter  name  is  i^reva- 
lent. 

NEELD.     See  Nield. 

NEILD.     See  Nield. 

NEILSON.*  "  Three  brothers  of  the 
sirname  of  Oneal,  came  from  Ireland  to 
Scotland,  in  the  reign  of  Robert  the  Bruce, 
where  they  got  lands  for  their  valour,  and 
their  issue  changed  their  name  a  little  from 
Oneal  to  Neilsou ;  for  Oneal  and  M'Neil 
are  the  same  with  Ncilson."  jSTisbet.  The 
first  occurrence  of  the  name  noted  by  this 
author  is  in  1439,  in  Galloway. 

NEVOY.  Of  that  Ilk,  in  Scotland. 
Nisbet.  Perhaps  the  same  as  Nevay,  a 
parish  now  united  to  Essie  in  Forfarshire. 


NIELD.     This   name,  with  Its  modified 

forms,  Neild,  Nceld,  &c.,  is  or  has  been 
localized  to  Cheshire.  Tlie  origin  is  un- 
certain ;  it  ma}"-  be  a  corruption  of  Neale 
or  Neill. 

NISBET.*  Of  that  Ilk,  iu  Berwick- 
shire, where  Nisbet  Castle  was  their  re- 
sidence. The  earliest  recorded  ancestor  is 
Philip  de  Nesbyth,  whose  uame  appears  as 
witness  to  a  deed  of  King  David  I.  to 
Coldingham  Prioiy.     Nisbet's  Herakby. 

NOAKES.*  IntheRotuli  Himdredorura, 
the  latinization  of  Noakes  is  De  Quercu. 

NORVEL.  NORVAL.  Nisbet  says, 
"  of  that  Ilk."  It  clearly  appears,  then, 
that  there  have  been  young  men  who 
could  with  truth  affirm — "  My  name  is 
Norval  ;"  but  whether  they  were  sons  of 
Grampian  shepherds  or  not,  neither  the 
old  heraldrist,  nor  tlie  gazetteer  infomis 
us. 

NUGENT.*  Noo-ent  le  Rotrou,  the 
ancient  seat  of  this  family,  is  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Orleanois,  just  over  the  border  of 
Normandy,  and  a  few  leagues  to  the  east- 
ward of  ]3elesme,  from  whence  the  family 
were  derived. 


O-  I^y  li^s  been  stated  to  be  the  shortest 
of  English  suruaiues  ;  but  a  correspondent 
points  out  to  me  one  still  shorter,  namely, 
0.  Au  administration  to  the  effects  of 
John  0,  of  Ellesmere,  co.  Salop,  was 
granted  12.  June,  1585.  Lichfield  Act 
Book,  fol.  150. 

O'FALLON.  A  corruption  of  OThelan, 
which  see.  A  district  in  Roscommon  was 
known  as  O'Fallou's  country.     D'Alton. 

O'FAY.  A  sept  of  the  North  of  Ireland. 
D'Alton. 

OGILVIE.*  Of  that  Ilk,  in  Angus. 
Nisbet  says — "These  of  this  family  are  to 
be  found  witnesses  in  the  charters  of  the 
Alexanders  II.  and  III.,  and  were  very 
eminent  in  the  reign  of  Robert  the  Bruce  ; 
that  King  gave  to  Patrick  Ogilvie  of  that 
Ilk  the  lands  of  Caithness,  which  had  be- 
longed to  Malcolm  de  Caithness." 


OLDYS. 

couplet, 


See    Oldls.     The  following 
written  by   'William    Oldys   the 


bibliographer,    exists    in    a    MS.    iu   the 
British  Museum: — 

"  In  word  and  Will  I  am  a  fi-iend  to  you  ; 
And  one  friend  Old  is  worth  a  hundred  new." 
OLIPHANT.*  This  Scottish  name  ap- 
pears to  be  corrupted  from  the  local  De 
Oliphard,  which  is  found  in  the  XII.  cent. 
In  11-1:2  David  de  Oli^jhard  accompanied 
King  David  I.  in  his  descent  upou  England. 
It  would  appear  that  the  spelling  Oliphaut 
began  early  in  the  XIV.  centur3^     Nisbet. 

OMASH.  This  family,  long  connected 
with  the  Spitalfields  silk-trade,  were 
French  Protestant  refugees.  Their  name 
is  said  to  have  been  originally   D'Ormasse. 

O'MULLEDY.  An  ancient  sept  in  co. 
Gal  way. 

ORLEBAR.*  The  parish  of  Orllngbury, 
CO.  Northampton,  was  spelt Oi'leberg,  temp. 
Edward  I.,  and  Robert  de  O.  held  lands 
there.  Rot.  Hund.  ii.  12.  This  is  pretty 
conclusive  evidence  of  the  origin  of  the 
name. 

OSIER.     A  corruption  of  Hosier. 


TEA 


425 


PUX 


p. 


PaKYN.  a  corruption  of  Pagan, 
Pagaims.  There  is  little  doubt  that  Pakyus 
Manor,  in  the  parish  of  Ilurst-Picrpoint,  co. 
Sussex^  takes  its  name  from  Paganus,  sherilf 
of  Sussex  in  the  year  1157,  as  that  person- 
age occurs  as  witness  to  a  document  in  asso- 
cfation  with  Robert  de  Pierpoint  and  other 
local  proprietors.  W.  S.  Ellis,  Esq.,  in  Sus- 
sex Arch.  Coll.  xi.  73. 

PALMER.*  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  in  the 
following  beautiful  lines,  seems  to  regard 
palmer  and  pilgrim  as  synonymous 
terms : — 

"  Give  me  my  scallop-shell  of  quiet, 
My  staff  of  truth  to  walk  upon, 
Jly  scrip  of  joy— immortal  iliet — 
Mv  bottle  of  salvation  ; 
Mv  gown  of  glory,  hope's  true  gage  ; 
An(\  thus  I'll  take  my  pUgrimafje^ 
While  my  soiil,lilve  a  quiet  patoio-, 
Travelleth  towards  the  land  of  Heaven." 

PARR.*     When  the  late  Queen  Cai-oline 
arrived  in  England  after  her  absence  on  the 
Continent,  Dr.  Parr  was  for  a  short  time 
her  chaplain ;  but  his  place  was  afterwards 
supplied  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Fellowes  ;  where- 
upon somebody  penned  this 
Epigram. 
"  There's  a  difference  between 
Dr.  Parr  and  the  Queen  ; 
For  the  reason  you  need  not  go  far — 
The  Doctor  is  jealous 
Of  certam  little  Fellowes 
■Wliom  the  Queen  thinlis  much  above  Parr." 

PAY.     PAYE.     See  Payson,  below. 

PAYSOiST.  It  is  asserted  that  this  name 
is  derived  from  Paine's  son,  Fitz  Paine, 
Filius  Pagani.  If  so,  the  more  common 
name  Pay  must  be  a  contraction  of  Paga- 
nus. 

PEACIIAM.  Nisloet  makes  the  names 
Pecham,  or  Peckham,  and  Peacham  iden- 
tical. Pecham  is  certainly  an  old  ortho- 
graphy in  the  Kentish  family. 

PEARSON.*  The  following  communica- 
tion has  been  sent  me  by  a  correspondent 
who  bears  this  name : — 

"  In  the  Bishop's  Registers  at  Lichfield,  at  the 
commencement  of  the  XIV.  century,  this  surname  is 
accounted  for  immistakablybythefollo-n-ing  entry  ; — 
"  Rogerus  dictus  le  Person  de  Banquelle  {i.e.  Bake- 
vell,  CO.  Derby),  ordained  deacon  in  the  church  of  the 
fraternity  of  preachers,  Derby,  the  3rd  April,  130.5, 
upon  his  patrimonial  title"— and  then  follows  a  sub- 
sequent entry — "  Rogerus  Persone  de  BanqueU,  or- 
dained priest  in  the  church  of  the  fraternity  of 
preachers,  Derby,  the  23rd  December,  1307,  upon  his 
patrunonial  title."  The  same  orthography  is  pre- 
served in  every  instance — "  Adam  Person  de  Lilles- 
hull,  ordained  deacon  in  the  Conventual  Church  of 
Lilleshull  (co.  Salop)  the 2Sth  JIarch,  1304."  "  Prater 
■\ViIlieImus  Personn  monachus  de  Stonleye  {i.e.  Stone- 
leigh,  CO.  Warwick)  ordained  deacon  at  the  parish 
church  of  Herbury  {i.e.  Harbury,  co.  Warmck)  the 
23rd  September,  1335."  "  Prater  WOlielmus  Person 
ordamed  priest  in  the  parish  church  of  the  Holy 
Trinity,  Coventry,  the  21st  September,  133G."— not 
to  speak  of  an  adherence  to  the  same  spelling  in  the 
earliest  Wills  of  the  Diocese,  where  in  one  instance 


an  inventory  in  the  year  1535,  occm-s  with  the  en- 
dorsement of  "  Persona  de  Morley  (co.  Derby)."  I 
think  sufficient  grounds  exist  forplacing  the  surname 
of  Pearson  amongst  the  number  of  those  derived 
"  from  Occupations  or  Professions  "  already  fully  dis- 
cussed in  Mr.  Lower's  English  Surnames." 

PECKLETON.  A  parish  in  co.  Leices- 
ter, where  the  family  possessed  lands  at  an 
early  period.  In  the  Testa  de  Nevill,  com- 
piled about  the  year  1240,  it  is  written 
Peycelton,  and  in  other  ancient  writings, 
Pechintone,  Pekyngton,  Peculden,  Pj'gle- 
ton,  Pechlington,  &c.  Inf.  Rev.  J.  Pcckle- 
ton  Power,  M.A. 

PENNYCOOK.  Of  that  Ilk,  according  to 
Nisbet — probably  Penicuick,  a  parish  near 
Edinburgh. 

PERRIN.  The  Counts  du  Perrin  held 
large  possessions  in  the  district  of  Nosiere, 
in  France,  but  being  Huguenots,  the  family 
were  compelled  to  quit  their  native  land, 
in  the  earlier  part  of  the  XVIII.  century, 
and  they  settled  in  Lisburn,  in  Ireland. 
Several  members  of  the  family  have  dis- 
tinguished themselves  at  the  Irish  bar, 
and  one  is  well  known  as  the  author  of  an 
excellent  grammar  of  his  ancestral  lan- 
guage. Vide  Ulster  Jouru.  of  Archasology, 
ii.  172.  • 

PHELAN.     See  O'Phelan. 

PIGFAT.  A  known  corruption  of  Pick- 
ford. 

PITBLADO.  Of  that  Ilk.  jSTisbet.  I 
cannot  discover  the  locality. 

POLWARTI-I.  Of  that  Ilk,  in  Berwick- 
shire. The  heiress  married  Saint  Clair, 
temp.  James  III.    Nisbet. 

POPHAM.*     See  Horner.* 

POTTEN.     See  Potton. 

POTTON.     A  parish  in  Bedfordshire. 

PRIXGLE.*  A  correspondent  says: 
"There  were  unquestionably  lands  in  Rox- 
burghshire called  Hop-pringle,  meaning 
probably  Pilgrim's  Jtojw,  or  meadow." 

PRYNISr.  According  to  a  statement  in 
C.  S.  Gilbert's  Cornwall,  this  family  were 
formerly  called  Resprynn,  and  they  are 
supposed  to  have  originated  from  Resprynn, 
an  estate  in  the  parish  of  Lanhydrock. 

PRYOR.     PRYER.     See  Prior. 

PUNCHEON.  One  Johannes  Punchiun 
is  found  in  H.R.  without  any  prefix  of  De 
or  Le,  and  the  name  is  therefore  probably 
a  sobriquet  originally  applied  to  a  person 
of  rotund  and  barrel-like  proportions. 

PURVES.*       Nisbet  says  that  this  place 

is  in  the  shire  of  Berwick. 
PUXON.      Corrupted   from   Puxton,    a 

parish  in  Somersetsliire. 


S  AT 


426 


S  AI 


E. 


E 


jAIT.*  Nisbet  says  that  the  family 
came  from  "  the  couotry  of  Rhetia,"  in  Ger- 
many, imcle  nonieti,  and  settling  in  Nairn- 
shire temp.  Malcolm  IV.,  obtained  from 
that  monarch  lands,  which  they  designated 
by  their  own  name.  A  most  im])robable 
statement.  Sir  Gervais  Rait  was  "  of  that 
Ilk,"  temi5.  John  Baliol. 

RAMSBOTTOM.*  I  am  informed  that 
rhoms  or  ?w.';),s,wild  garlic  (allium  ursinum) 
abound  at  Ram's  Clough,  in  the  parish  of 
Haslingden,  co.  Lancaster,  a  few  miles 
from  Ramsbottom.  Ray  considers  the 
Island  of  Ramsay  to  have  taken  its  name 
from  this  plant. 

RATTLEBAG.*  The  real  meaning  of 
this  word  would  appear,  from  an  entry 
in  the  Hundred  Rolls  of  temp.  Edward  I. 
to  be  a  iisurer.  The  vill  of  Chering,  co. 
Essex,  present  that  John  Rattilbagg  is  a 
Christian  usurer,  inasmuch  as  Richard 
Alisaundre  borrowed  from  him  three  quar- 
ters of  wheat  worth  ISs.,  and  tliree  quarters 
of  oats  worth  3s.,  Rattilbagg  receiving  four 
seams  of  beans  worth  20s.,  by  way  of  usury, 
and  yet  the  principal  still  remained  due. 
H.R.  vol.  i.  p.  150. 

READY.*  In  the  H.R.  we  find  one 
Henry  Tuiprcat,  "  Quite-ready." 

RIDDELL.*  It  is  remarkable  that  in 
the  oldest  Scottish  charter  extant  (of  the 
XI.  century)  the  onlj'  surnames  mentioned 
are  Riddel!  and  Corbet. 


ROSSIE.  Rossie,  in  Fifeshire,  belonged 
to  "Dominus  Henri cus  Rossie,  deeodem," 
in  the  reigns  of  David  I.  and  Malcolm  IV. 

ROUPEL.*  The  manor  of  Beckenham, 
CO.  Kent,  was  held  by  a  family  called,  in 
old  Latin  records,  De  Rupella ;  in  French, 
De  la  Rochell ;  and  in  English,  Rokelc. 
They  came  originally  from  Rochelle,  in 
France.  Richard  de  la  Rokele  died  pos- 
sessed of  the  estate,  5.  Edward  I.  Hasted 
Kent.  I.,  529. 

RULE.*  "  The  sirname  of  Rule  they 
bring  from  St.  Regulus,  who  brought  the 
relicts  of  St.  Andrew  to  Scotland."   Nisbet. 

RUNCIMAN.*  May  be  equivalent  to 
Palfriman,  Coltman,  &c.,  Runcimis,  in 
medieval  Latin,  being  a  rowney,  saddle- 
horse,  or  hackney. 

RUST  AT.  Perhaps  from  Rastatt,  (or 
Radstadt)  the  great  Austrian  fortress. 

RUT  11  YEN.     K  isbet  gives  the  following 

account  : — 

"  The  chief  of  this  name  was  Ruthven, 
Lord  Ruthven,  and  thereafter  Earl  of 
Gowry.  They  are  said  by  some  to  be 
originally  from  Arragon,  from  the  simili- 
tude of  their  arms ;  but  this  is  no  certain 
evidence  of  its  self  without  other  documents. 
This  ancient  family,  as  others,  took  their 
surname  from  their  lands,  called  Ruthven, 
and  v,'ere  dignified  with  the  title  of  Lord 
Ruthven  by  King  James  III." 


SaCHBVERELL.*  An  intelligent  cor- 
respondent (]\Ir,  J.  L.  Smart)  sends  me  the 
following  account  of  the  origin  of  the  word, 
as  applied  to  the  blower  of  a  stove.  I 
cannot  but  imagine  that  the  trader  of  Bir- 
mingham had  a  keen  turn  for  satire,  as 
well  as  for  bu.siness  and  profit,  in  likening 
his  fire-blower  to  the  great  "  church-in- 
dauger  "  divine. 

"  When  Dr.  Sachevorell  ■was  at  the  height  of  his 
peculiar  populai'ity,  an  ironmonger  at  Birmingham 
invented  the  improvement  to  a  stove,  called  a  blower, 
vliich  he,  for  trading  purposes,  to  increase  the  sale  of 
the  article,  named  a  sachevercH.  I  have  repeatedly 
heard  my  mother,  now  in  her  ninet.v-first  year,  refer 
to  the  fact,  and,  as  she  knew  Birmingham  well  in  her 
yonth,  the  point  is  perhaps  woilhy  of  your  considera- 
tion." 

SAINT  CLAIR.*    The  followino- curious 


account  is  given  of  the  establishment  of 
this  noble  family  in  Scotland: — "  AVilliam 
Saintclair  was  second  son  to  Wildernus, 
Earl  of  Saintclair  in  France,  whose  mother 
was  daugliter  to  Duke  Richard  of  Nor- 
mandy, father  to  William  the  Conqueror. 
He  was  sent  by  his  father  to  Scotland,  to 
take  a  view  of  the  peoples  good  behaviour. 
He  was  able  for  every  game,  agreeable  to 
all  company,  and  stiled  the  Seemly  Saint- 
clair. The  report  of  his  qualifications  came 
to  the  Queen's  ears,  who  desired  him  of  her 
husband    because    of  his    wisdome.     The 

King  made  him  her  cup-bearer 

He  got  also  of  the  King  and  Queen  the 
liarouy  of  Rosline."  Father  Hay's  Genea- 
logie  of  the  Saintcclaires  of  Rosslyn.  Printed 
at  Edinburgh,  1835. 


THR 

SANDILANDS.*  The  barony  of  Sandi- 
lands  is  in  Clj'desdale. 

SAUREST.  See  Ulst.  Journ.  of  Arch.  p. 
175. 

SCYTHESmTH.     A  maker  of  scythes. 

SEAHORSE.     A  family  in  New  Bruns- 

Tvick,  of  English  descent,  bear  this  singular 
name. 

SIBTHORPE.  The  S.'s  of  Canwick 
Hall  spell  the  name  without  the  E  final. 

SICKLESMITH.  This  name,  ^\hich  is 
found  in  West  Kent  in  the  XVII.  cent., 
means  of  course  a  maker  of  sickles.  Six- 
smiths,  to  which  I  have  elsewhere  attri- 
buted a  diflerent  origin,  is  probably  a  cor- 
ruption. 

SIFLEET.  Siflet,  an  A-Sax.  personal 
name. 

SIMNEL.  »  The  finest  sort  of  bread. 
In  Shropshire,  the  word  is  still  in  use  to 
designate  a  kind  of  cake.  Lamhert  Simnel, 
the  pretended  Earl  of  'Warwick,  temp. 
Henry  VII.,  was  a  baker's  lad,  who  had 
been  trained  for  the  character  by  Simon 
the  priest."  The  surname  was  doubtless 
allusive  to  his  trade.  King  William  the 
Conqueror,  at  the  foundation  of  Battel 
Abbe}',  gave  his  monks  "  a  memorial  of  his 
love  in  appointing  for  their  daily  use,  bread 
fit  for  the  table  of  a  king,  which  is  com- 
monly called  simencl,  thirty-six  ounces  bj' 
•weight,  and  one  fourth  more  during  Lent, 
that  something  might  remain  for  charity." 
Chronicle  of  Battel  Abbey,  p.  27.  That 
surnames  were  borrowed  from  such  sources 
is  evidenced  by  Whitbread,  Wastell,  &c. ; 
and  in  the  Hundred  Eolls  we  find  at  Wrox- 
eter  a  lady  called  Petronilki  Swetedmtghe. 

SNEE,  A  respectable  family,  of  French 
refugee  extraction,  settled  at  Edmonton, 
Islington,  &c.  The  name  has  been  cor- 
rupted. 

SOULES.  An  ancient  Scottish  family 
dating  from  the  reign  of  King  David  I., 
W'hen  Ranulijhus  de  Soules  flourished.    His 


427 


TOR 

descendants  were  hereditary  butlers  of 
Scotland,  under  the  title  oi Pineerna  Regis 
or  Butellarius  Regis.  The  family  seem  to 
have  conferred  their  name,  Soulestoun,  upon 
the  lands  in  East  Lothian,  now  Saltoun  or 
Salton.    Nisbet. 

STANCOMB.  Supposed  to  be  a  corrup- 
tion of  Stinchcombe,  a  village  near  Wotton- 
under-Edge,  co.  Gloucester. 

STARK.*  "  The  name  of  Stark  with  us 
has  its  rise  from  just  such  another  action 
as  that  of  Turnbull's  (See  Turnbull),  but 
later,  by  saving  James  the  IV.  from  a  bull 
in  the  forest  of  Cumbernauld,  by  one  of  the 
name  of  Muirhead,  who  for  his  strength 
was  called  Stark.  And  to  shew  his  des- 
cent from  Muirhead  he  carries  the  armorial 
figures  of  Muirhead  with  a  Bull's  Head." 
Nisbet. 

STARKIE.*  The  pedigree  of  this 
ancieut  family  of  Cheshire  and  Lancashire 
can  be  traced  almost  to  the  Conquest. 
Sliirley's  Noble  and  Gentle  Men. 

STARR.*  It  Is  sometimes  local.  H.R. 
De  Starre,  co.  Lincoln. 

STRACHAN.*  The  family  are  descended 
from  Adam  Strachanen,  to  whom  Thomas. 
Earl  of  Mar,  his  wife's  cousin,  granted, 
temp.  David  II.,  the  lauds  of  Glenkindie, 
CO.  Aberdeen,  where  the  family  continued 
to  reside  in  1722.     Nisbet. 

STRAITON.*  "  There  was  an  old 
family  of  this  name,  designed  of  that  Ilk, 
from  the  lauds  of  Straitou  (in  Ayrshire)  of 
which  King  David  I.  gave  them  a  charter." 
Nisbet. 

ST  A  VERTOX.  A  parish  in  Devonshire, 
anciently  the  estate  of  the  family. 

STOVELD.     The  same  as  Stovell. 

SYDSERF.*  Nisbet  says,  that  the 
Sideserfs  were  originally  from  France— ap- 
parently on  the  strength  of  the  Fleur-de- 
Lys  in  their  arms. 

SY:MINGT0N.  Parishes,  &c.  in  cos. 
Ayr,  Lanark,  and  Edinburgh. 


T. 


TaFINDER.     See  Delanoy. 

TELZEPHER.  Thus  ingeniously  do 
Nisbet  and  the  Scottish  genealogists  mis- 
spell the  old  Anglo-Norman  name  Taillefer. 
See  Telfer. 

TENNANT.*     Of  that  Ilk,  in  Scotland. 

THREIPLAND.  A  stream  bordering 
cos.  Renf]-ew  and  Lanark  is  called  Threip- 
land  Burn. 

3  11 


TORY.     Sea  Torry. 

TORRY.*  There  are  places  so  called  in 
COS.  Kincardine  and  Fife,  but,  according 
to  Nisbet,  the  family  were  of  that  Ilk  in 
the  shire  of  Dumfries,  till  their  lands  were 
forfeited  temp.  James  III.  That  monarch 
regranted  to  Thomas  Carruthers  the  lands 
and  church  of  Tory,  &c.,  "  quas  ad  Geor- 
gium  Tory  de  Eodem,  nodrum  Fclonem  et 
Proditorem  pertinuerunt,  ratione  ejus  for- 
feiture." 


WAL 


428 


WEI 


TOWER,  TOWERS.*  The  latiniza- 
tion  iu  H.R.  is  De  Tumbiis.  lu  Frauce,  La- 
tour  and  Delatour  are  well-known  surnames. 

TRANCHEMER.  See  Trangmar.  A 
family  of  this  name  bear  for  arms  "  a 
sword  plunged  in  a  sea."     Dixon. 

TREADGOLD.     In  H.R.  Tredegold. 

^T"  TEEES,    PLANTS,   AND   SHRUBS, 
Surnames  dmvedfrom.    Mr.  Clark  pre- 
sents us  with  the  following  enumera- 
tion : — 
"Ashplant,  Quickset,  Privet,  Pine, 
Thorn,  Thistle,  Hazel,  Briars,  and  Vine ; 
Elms,  Clover,  Camomile,  and  Furze, 
Ash,  Nettle,  Juniper,  and  Tares  ; 
Heath,   Linden,  Beech,  Box,  Birch,  and 

Broom, 
Branch,  Bramble,  Blossom,   Bough,  and 

Bloom ; 
Peartree,  Plumtree,  Crabtree,  Laurel, 
Sycamore,  Hay,  Straw,  and  Sorrel ; 


Orchard,  Appletree,  and  Lime, 
Hickory,  Maple,  Musk,  and  Thyme  ; 
With  Lavender,  Veitch,  Leaf,  and  Ling, 
And  Oak,  of  forest-trees  the  king." 

From  this  list  we  ought  probably  to 
eliminate  a  few,  as  belonging  to  other 
classes ;  and  the  remainder  belong 
principally  to  the  class  denominated 
local.  See  the  articles  Atte,  Ash, 
Noakes,  «kc.,  &c. 

TROUP.  Of  that  Ilk,  in  the  parish  of 
Fortingal,  co.  Perth.  This  ancient  family 
ended  in  an  heiress,  who  married  a  younger 
son  of  Keith,  Earl  Marischal.     Nisbet. 

TYACKE.  A  Cornish  family  of  consi- 
derable antiquity,  who  had  lauded  property 
at  an  early  period  in  that  county.  In  tlie 
Visitation  of  Cornwall,  15T3,  the  name 
is  variously  written  Tyacke,  Tyack,  and 
Teacke.  It  is  conjecturally  derived  from 
the  Celtic  tiah,  tiac,  a  ploughman. 


Y. 


V  ASS.     The  same  as  Yaus,  below. 

YAUS.  VAUSS.  This  surname  is  said 
by  Sir  James  Dalrymple  to  be  the  same 
with  DeVallibus — doubtless  through  Vaux, 
which  see.    In  the  XII.  century  this  great 


Anglo-Norman  family  obtained  a  footing  in 
Scotland,  and  were  lords  of  Divleton,  co. 
Haddington  ;  and  from  them  sprung  the 
Vauses  or  De  Vaux,  Lords  Dirleton, 

VIDELOU.     See  under  Woli^ 


W. 


WaLKINGSHAA\^.  The  lands  of 
•  Walkingshaw,  co.  Pvenfrew,  gave  name  to 
this  family,  who  appear  to  have  been  pos- 
sessed of  them  iu  the  year  1235.  They 
were  hereditary  foresters  to  the  High 
Stewards  of  Scotland  for  the  barony  of 
Renfrew,  and  hence  their  armorial  sup- 
porters, "  Two  Foresters  in  long  gowns." 
See  Crawfurd's  Hist.  Renfrew. 

WALLACE.*  On  the  whole  I  have  very 
little  doubt  of  the  Welsh  extraction  of  the 
Scottish  patriot.  Sir  James  Dalrymple, 
the  eminent  genealogist,  deduces  the  family 
from  "  one  Eimarus  Galeius,  a  Welsliman, 
so  called  in  Scotland,  upon  the  account  of 
his  country.  He  is  witness  in  the  charter 
of  foundation  of  tlie  abbacy  of  Selkrig,  by 
David,  younger  son  ot  King  Malcolm  III. 
From  him  was  descended  Eicardus  Gual- 
leusis,  as  in  a  charter  granted  by  him  to 


the  abbacy  of  Kelso,  in  the  reign  of  King 
Alexander  IL"     Nisbet. 

WEAPONT.*  A  Scottish  corruption  of 
Vipont — De  Veteri  Poute. 

WEEI\IS.*  'J'his  seems  to  be  in  some 
instances  a  corruption  of  Wemyss.  Nisbet 
employs  this  orthography  only.  That 
quaint  writer  informs  us,  that  "  Tliere  is  a 
strong  tradition  that  tlie  first  of  the  family 
of  Weems  of  that  Ilk  was  a  son  of  M'Dulf, 
Tliane  of  Fife,  in  the  usurpation  of 
M'Beth,  who  having  hid  himself  from  that 
tyrant's  cruelty  in  Coves,  in  tlie  east  end 
of  Fife,  near  his  own  residence,  took  the 
name  Weems — the  Irish  word  ireimli  signi- 
fying a  cove." 

WEIR*  "  The  sirname  of  Weir  is  an- 
cient with  us,  as  Sir  James  Dalrymple  ob- 
serves in  his  Collections.  Ennulphus  de 
AVeir  is  mcntioued  in  the  registers  of  Kelso, 


WHI 


429 


Paisley,  and  Murray,  to  have  lived  iu  the 
time  of  King  Wiliiam  (the  Lyon),  aud 
Thomas  de  "Weir  in  the  reign  of  Alexander 
II."     Nisbet. 

WHITBOURN.     A  parish  in  Hereford- 
shire. 

WHITSUNDAY.     Born  at  that  festival. 
Wytesoueday,  H.R.  See  Times  and  Seasons. 


WIL 

^MLSON.*  One  of  the  most  ancient 
families  of  this  name  is  that  of  the  baron- 
etage, now  represented  by  Sir  Thomas 
Maryon  Wilson,  who  is  sixteenth  in  descent 
from  Thomas  "Wilson  of  Elton,  in  York- 
shire, fom*  generations  previously  to  1438, 
and,  therefore,  probably  born  about  the 
close  of  the  XIII.  cent.  Sussex  Arch.  Coll., 
vol.  xii.  p.  240. 


THE  FAREWELL. 

"  ]\Iy  Task  is  past,  my  Care  is  but  begun ; 
]\ly  Pains  must  suffer  Censures  for  reward : 
Yet  hope  I  have,  now  my  great  pains  are  done, 
That  gentle  Spirits  -will  'quite  them  with  regard. 


"  But  if  th'  ungentle  brood  of  Envy's  grooms 
Misdoom  my  pains ;  no  force — they  do  theii"  kind ; 
And  I'll  do  mine,  which  is  to  scorn  their  dooms, 
That  use  unkindly  a  kind-willing  mind." 

John  Gidllim, 


ADDENDUM. 


O  tlie  courtesy  of  J.  T.  Hammack,  Esq.,  I  am  indebted  for  the  fol- 
lowing highly  curious  List  of  Names,  extracted  from  documents  in  the 
Office  of  the  Registrar-General.  It  was  compiled  by  a  gentleman  in  that 
office  (now  deceased),  and  it  may  be  relied  upon  as  authentic  in  every  par- 
ticular. It  serves  to  show  (if  such  evidence  were  still  necessary)  the  wonderful 
variety  of  our  existing  Family  Nomenclature. 

It  will  be  found  to  contain  numerous  names  not  included  in  the  body  of  my 
work,  and  to  furnish  many  additional  examples  of  the  various  classes.  It  came  into 
my  hands  when  most  of  the  foregoing  sheets  had  passed  through  the  press  ;  otherwise 
I  should  have  taxed  my  ingenuity  to  assign  a  meanino-  to  such  of  the  designations  as 
bad  previously  escaped  my  observation.     This  may  be  a  task  for  some  future  day. 

The  laborious  collector  and  classifier  of  these  surnames  has,  in  most  instances, 
prefixed  the  baptismal  appellatives.  Some  of  them  are  in  the  highest  degree  absurd 
and  ridiculous,  as  witness  Ads  Apostles,  Portland  Duchess,  Henri/  Born  Noble,  Time 
of  Day,  and  John  Bottle  of  Beer  !  They  are,  however,  as  authentic  as  they  are  non- 
sensical ;  thouo-h  I  hope  for  the  credit  and  sanctity  of  the  rite,  that  such  names  were 
generally  Imposed  otherwise  than  at  the  baptismal  font. 


PERSONS  OR  THINGS  RELATING 
TO    RELIGION. 


X  rudence 
Sidney 
Mary- 
Jane 
Moses 
Caroline 
Mai'ia 
Margaret 
Abraham 
Maria 
Thomas 
Amelia 
John 
Blary 
Ann 
Joseph 
Tributina 
Christopher  Abbot 


Chiuxh 

Abbey 

Nimuery 

Chapel 

Kii-k 

Parsonage 

Vicarage 

Bishoprick 

Chantry 

Font 

Sanctuary 

See 

Tabernacle 

Pew 

Livings 

Cai-dinal 

Pope 


Uriah 

Sophia 

Caroline 

Jane 

Walter 

Robert 

Acts 

Paul 

Arch 

Stephen 

James 


Prior 

Monk 

Friar 

Priest 

Martyr 

Prophet 

Apostle 

Saint 

Bishop 

Dean 

Archdeacon 


Archdeacon  Deacon 
Arthur  Parson 

Truth  Parsons 

Harry  Minister 


Stephen 

John 

Alexander 

Ilenrj' 

Mai-ia 

Robert 

Cornelius 

Sarah 

Cordelia 

Theresa 

Frederick 

Lydia 

Amelia 

Joseph 

Margaret 

Mary 

Aston 

John 

Isaac 

Christiana 

J.  Waters 

Frances 


Chaplain 

Preacher 

Elder 

Clnirchman 

Clerk 

Beadle 

Sexton 

Chanter 

Nun 

Verger 

Anthem 

Chant 

Churchyard 

Grave 

Tomb 

Corpse 

Coffin 

Ghost 

Hearse 

Stocks 

Christ 

Angel 


Kerenhappuch  Death 
Emma  Heaven 


David 

William 

William 

William 

John 

Susan 

Sarah 

James 

Robert 

Edward 

]\Iary 

A.  Howe 


Hell 

Paradise 

Eden 

Soul 

Spii'it 

Human 

Divine 

Bible 

Crucifix 

Crosier 

Creed 

Gospel 


Joseph 

Margaret 

Henry 

Jane 

Michael 

Walter 

Hannah 

William 

Gabriel 

Sarah 

Catherine 

Henrj' 

Susannah 

Alfred 

Thomas 

George 


Tenet 

Psalms 

Sermon 

Service 

Pray 

Proverbs 

Paternoster 

Worship 

Incarnation 

Piety 

Holy 

Godly 

Shrive 

Surplice 

Papal 

Laity 


THE   SIINERAL   KINGDOM. 


Charles 

William 

Joseph 

Harold 

Jane 

Sarah 

ISIary 

Jane 

Lucy 

Jasper 

Alice 

Ann 

John 

Sabina 

Joseph 

Joscpli 

Sarah 

Joseph 


Ore 

Gem 

Jewel 

Stone 

Gold 

Silver 

Lead 

Copper 

Iron 

Steel 

Pewter 

Brass 

Pinchbeck 

Diamond 

Ruby 

Pearl 

Agate 

Coral 


432 


ADDENDUM. 


Thomas 

William 

Ellen 

Eustace 

Joseph 

Stephen 

George 

Mai-ia 

Samuel 

Sophia 

Susannah 

Joseph 

Edith 

Monica 

Eli 

Lydia 

Mj'ra 

Sai-ah 

Emma 

John 

Euth 

Thomas 

Joseph 

Elizabeth 

Caroline 


Alabaster 

Marble 

Glass 

Delf 

Coal 

Culm 

Coke 

Challi 

Clay 

Shale 

Slag 

Slate 

Gravel 

Flint 

Emery 

Whiting 

Salts 

Brick 

Whetstone 

Freestone 

Silks  tone 

Ruddle 

Salt 

Carbon 

Chalklime 


THE   VEGETABLE    KINGDOM. 


Jane 

Alexander 

Squire 

EUen 

Alexander 

Tom 

Henry 

Golding 

John 

Amos 

Amplias 

Josiah 

Sally 

Cooper 

Simon 

Emily 

Eachel 

Alexander 

Caroline 

Stephen 

WilUam 

Rosa 

Aarou 

Ann 

Charlotte 

Elizabeth 

Saiah 

Mary 

Zacharias 

David 

Sarah 

Isaac 

Ann 

Rhoda 

Baustone 

Zeuobina 

Catherine 

Sarah 

Thomas 

I\rark 

Lucy 

Mary 

Charlotte 

Edward 

Hester 

Eleanor 

George 

Andrew 

Edwin 

Sophia 

Anne 

Cooper 

Mark 


Tree 

Applctree 

Crabtree 

Figtree 

Peartree 

Plunitree 

Aspen 

Ash 

Alder 

Almond 

Birch 

Beech 

Cork 

Cherry 

Chosnut 

Date 

Olive 

Elder 

Elm 

Hawthorn 

Holly 

Juniper 

Lemon 

Medlar 

]\Iulberry 

RLiple 

Oak 

Orange 

Pollard 

Pine 

Poplar 

Svcamore 

Willows 

Bush 

Shrub 

Plant 

Herbage 

Root 

Roots 

Branch 

Bough 

Sprout 

Twig 

Leaf 

Leaves 

Bai-k 

Gum 

Husk 

Spray 

Peel ' 

Rind 

Seed 

Berry 


George 

Grain 

James 

Trussel 

Susan 

Corn 

George 

Forge 

Jane 

Wheat 

Charles 

Smithy 

Richard 

Oats 

James 

Builder 

Terry 

Rye 

Silas 

House 

John 

Barley 

John 

Cottage 

William 

Grass 

Freedom 

Lodge 

Lucy 

Hay 

Leigh 

Grange 

Harriet 

Straw 

Lucy 

Farm 

Emma 

Clover 

Amelia 

Barns 

Thomas 

Savin 

Happy  Helen  Hovel 

George 

Southernwood 

Nehemiah 

Shed 

Joseph 

Staveacre 

Robinson 

Stable 

John 

Balm 

Fanny 

IMews 

Doretta 

Rush 

Frank 

Jlanger 

Bishop 

Hemp 

Jane 

Brewhouse 

Rowland 

Cotton 

Robert 

Wainhouse 

Jane 

Hops 

Harriet 

Malthouse 

James 

Malt 

Eliza 

Mill 

Advice 

Reed 

William 

Windmill 

Thomas 

Osier 

Henry 

Castle 

Eleanor 

Bran 

Sarah 

Keep 

Gabriel 

Chaff 

William 

Fort 

Sarah 

Woad 

Emma 

Garrison 

Ambrose 

Beet 

iMatilda 

Barrack 

James 

Madder 

William 

Bastion 

Eleanor 

Liquorice 

George 

Mole 

John 

Bramble 

Anna 

Churches 

William 

Briars 

Francis 

College 

Esther 

Broom 

James 

Vicarage 

James 

Gorse 

John 

Temple 

Mary 

Furze 

Jane 

Towers 

Agnes 

Heath 

Esther 

Pinnacle 

George 

Heather 

John 

Spires 

Ann 

Fern 

Ralph 

Steeple 

Emma 

Cane 

Ann 

Porch 

Cai-oline 

Cress 

Clara 

Pillar 

Blark 

Currant 

JLartha 

]Mart 

Moses 

Thorn 

Thomas 

Quay 

IVLnrtin 

Vine 

Joshua 

Wharf 

JLaria 

IMyrtle 

Isabella 

Dock 

aiary 

Creeper 

Luke 

Bridge 

Samuel 

Woodbine 

IMary 

Arch 

Alice 

Colombine 

Ruth 

Starling 

Benjamin 

Hazel 

John 

Buttress 

Sarah 

Eglantine 

Enoch 

Drawbridge 

Hannah 

Blarjoram 

Thomas 

Ironbridge 

John 

Sage 

James 

Tunnel 

Augustus 

Yarrow 

Arthur 

Fountam 

ISIary 

Nettle 

Ann 

Well 

Ann 

Orris 

Amos 

Conduit 

Robert 

Millet 

George 

Hospital 

Bridget 

Rape 

Oliver 

IMonument 

Grace 

Rue 

Georgina 

Street 

Mercy 

Tansey 

Daniel 

Court 

Winter 

Moss 

Job 

Alley 

Libertine 

Moss 

Eliza 

Bakehouse 

Philip 

Sorel 

Amy 

Taphouse 

Susannah 

Weed 

Gilbert 

Pantry 

Emily 

Weeds 

Richard 

Buttery 

BLargaret 

Hemlock 

Thomas 

Daii-y 

Leah 

Flower 

Lot 

Hall 

Sampson 

Garland 

Horatio 

Parlour 

Simon 

Boquet 

Matthew 

Kitchen 

Noble 

Rose 

Charity 

Chambers 

Hannah 

Tulip 

John 

Room 

John 

Violet 

Jacob 

Garret 

John 

Daisy 

Ellen 

Loft 

Henry 

Primrose 

Sarah 

Gallery 

IMark 

Lavender 

James 

Office 

Jane 

IMarigold 

Ann 

Roof 

James 

Pink 

Rafter 

Rafter 

Sarah 

Poppy  _ 

West  Hand  Larder 

Philip 

Camomile 

Amos 

Booth 

Job 

Bloom 

William 

Kennel 

Constance 

Pollen 

Town 

Samuel 

Village 

BUILDINGS— THEIR  PARTS,    i'C. 

Alice 

Banister 

Webber 

Pile 

Alice 

Window 

George 

Scaffold 

Emma 

Shutter 

ADDENDUM. 


433 


James 

Screen 

Alfred 

Jolly 

IMarv 

Charter 

William 

Stair 

Edith 

Witty 

Ralph 

Riddle 

John 

Tank 

Elizabeth 

Rail 

Elijah 

Fable 

John 

Oven 

IMartha 

Mock 

James 

Letter 

Fanny 

Stove 

Caroline 

Dance 

Hannah 

Card 

James 

Cowl 

Ann 

Reel 

Sarah 

Sink 

Francis 

Revel 

POINTS    OF   COMPASS. 

Sarah 

Drain 

Industry 

Ball 

Rosa 

East 

]\Iaria 

Flue 

Charles 

Rout 

Reuben 

West 

Edward 

Gable 

Mary 

Ride 

Job 

North 

Roger 

Eaves 

^largaret 

Riding 

Alfred 

South 

Cecil 

Wall 

George 

Gallop 

Edward 

Northeast 

Walter 

Tile 

George 

Canter 

Emma 

Northern 

Ellen 

Safe 

Paradice 

Hunt 

Jane 

Southern 

Job 

Doorbar 

John 

Race 

Jessie 

Western 

Bithia 

Staple 

Rachel 

Course 

Joseph 

Southward 

George 

Moulding 

George 
Charles 

Sport 
Chase 

Jlaiy 

Bysouth 

WAR,   AND   ITS 

CONCOMITANTS. 

Sophia 

Covey 

IMPLEMENTS, 

TOOLS,    COMMO 

James 

Wai-rior 

Agnes 

Cool 

DITIES,    &C. 

Sarah 

Arms 

Selina 

Colder 

Harriet 

Bundle 

Ann 

Armour 

Rhoda 

Goldman 

Edward 

Parcel 

Ann 

Sword 

Elizabeth 

Chilhnan 

Laura 

Bale 

Ebenezer 

Rapier 

Alfi-ed 

Chillmaid 

Matthew 

Batch 

Fanny 

Dagger 

JMary 

Freeze 

John 

Pack 

Judith 

Pike 

Lucy 

Thaw 

George 

Bunch 

Michael 

Battle 

Susan 

Heat 

Thomas 

Drop 

Charles 

Lance 

Deborah 

Burn 

Affability 

Box 

Rebecca 

Spear 

True 

Case 

Fanny 

Carbine 

MUSICAL    INSTRUJIENTS. 

Nancy 

Coop 

Jonas 

Gun 

Walter 

Buglehorn 

Sarah 

Crate 

Barney 

Cannon 

David 

Fiddle 

Ann 

Frame 

Edwin 

Bullett 

Thomas 

Fife 

Jolm 

Hoop 

Industry 

Ball 

Juliana 

Horn 

Ann 

IMaund 

Thomas 

Shell 

Sarah 

Pipe 

Sarah 

Basket 

Charles 

IMortar 

J.  Sweet 

Organ 

Thomas 

Barrel 

Uriah 

Guard 

Emily 

Tabor 

James 

Tub 

Jemima 

Staff 

Drum 

Richard 

Hoe 

George 

Corps 

Catherine 

Timbrel 

JLiry 

Roller 

Kate 

Allies 

Ellen 

Harp 

Terrier 

Shears 

James 

Private 

Charley 

Rake 

Thomas 

Troop 

EPOCHS    OF   LIFE,    itC. 

Sarah 

Tool 

Sai-ah 

Picket 

Sophia 

Bii-th 

George 

Awl 

Ann 

Rear 

Dorcas 

Death 

James 

Axe 

Ernest 

Rank 

Alfred 

Marriage 

Ann 

Pitchfork 

Lucy 

File 

Wallace 

Wedlock 

Leah 

Saw 

John 

Shield 

Julia 

Born 

John 

Auger 

Sarah 

Gauntlet 

Charles 

Die 

Charles 

Gimlet 

Sarah 

Standard 

John 

Life 

John 

Hammer 

Joseph 

Banner 

Thomas 

Plane 

John 

Pillage 

SH.\JPES,   &c. 

John 

Mallet 

Quilly 

Booty 

Jane 

Square 

Llewellyn 

Mattock 

Walter 

Archer 

Lucre  tia 

Round 

Emma 

Shovel 

James 

Bow 

Ellen 

Cone 

Walter 

Rule 

Marian 

Arrow 

Charles 

Globe 

Emma 

Plumb 

George 

Breach 

Elizabeth 

Angle 

IVIary 

Hone 

James 

Trench 

James 

Circus 

Martha 

Blades 

James 

Camp 

Dinah 

Circuit 

Agnes 

Cleaver 

William 

Campaign 

Christoph 

;r  Nail 

Francis 

Foe 

KELATING 

TO   BOOKS,    &C. 

Joseph 

Tack 

Mary 

Convoy 

James 

Chart 

Alfi-ed 

Hook 

Tryphena 

Conquer 

James 

Deed 

Rachel 

Crank 

Emily 

Conquest 

Thomas 

Reams 

Zippora 

Crook 

Thomas 

Diik 

Charles 

Book 

l\Iary 

Clamp 

John 

Buckler 

Edward 

Leaf 

Cornelius 

Wedge 

German 

Page 

IMary 

Wheel 

3IOODS,   TEMPERAMENT,    itC. 

Ann 

Sheet 

Ann 

Pulley 

John 

Eat 

Robert 

Press 

Keturah 

Winch 

Jane 

Eatwell 

Israel 

Print 

William 

Dredge 

Eli 

Chew 

William 

Quire 

Bindless 

Woof 

Eleanor 

Ci-ani 

Timothy 

Quill 

Clara 

Shuttle 

Thomas 

Swallow 

Louisa 

Parchment 

Noah 

Lever 

Edward 

Nice 

Ursula 

Pen 

Bernard 

Scales 

Eliza 

Savory 

Aiin 

Ruler 

Sidney 

AVire 

James 

Cheer 

Alfred 

Write 

Philip 

Bar 

Thankfnll 

Joy 

Julia 

Inkpen 

Joseph 

Bolt 

Solomon 

Laugh 

Simon 

Ledger 

Mary 

Spike 

George 

Jest 

Larmau 

Register 

Amelia 

11  inge 

Anthony 

Gav 

Thomas 

Record 

Catherine 

Punch 

Emma 

Merry 

Charles 

Annals 

Frederick 

Bellows 

434 


ADDENDUM. 


Harriet 

Benjamin 

Mary 

Herbert 

Alfred 

Ann 

Mary 


I\Iary 

Susannah 

Hannah 

Aaron 

Edmund 

Francis 

William 

Lewis 

Sarah 

James 

Jasper 

Edward 

Mary 

Chnrn 

Sarah 

Judith 

James 

Thomas 

Edgai- 

Caroline 

Lancelot 

Ann 

Charles 

Eobert 

Ellen 

Joseph 

George 

Eliza 

Theresa 

Elizabeth 

William 

Elisha 

German 

Thomas 

Zilla 

Elizabeth 

Henry 

James 

AHred 

Ann 
Ann 
Mary 


Janet 

Thomas 

Alens 

Barber 

Lovedy 

Victoria 

Elizabeth 

Ann 

Esther 

Eobert 

John 

James 

John 

Ellen 

Eve 

Alice 

William 

Hannah 

Thomas 

George 
John 
Jonathan 
Arthur 


Fender 

Irons 

Tongs 

Candle 

Wick 

Matches 

Fuel 

Coke 

Coal 

Pitcher 

Kettle 

Pot 

Bowl 

Goblet 

Tankard 

Glass 

Ewer 

Bason 

Vase 

Vial 

Bottle 

Pipkin 

INLangle 

Churn 

Knife 

Forks 

Clock 

Dial 

Bedding 

Sheet 

Bolster 

Pillow 

Curtain 

Couch 

Cushion 

Brush 

Comb 

Pazor 

Sponge 

Towels 

Napkin 

Lock 

Key 

Keylock 

Bell 

Dumbell 

Needle 

Bodkin 

Hook 

Eye 

Locket 

Reel 

Bag 

Remnant 

Scraps 

Cage 

Clout 

Castor 

Counter 

Caddy 

Doll 

Tov 

Ladle 

Tray 

Leather 

Hides 

Skins 

Felts 

Cork 

Glue 

Gas 

Feather 

Rosin 

Tortoiseshell 

Whalebone 

Hornbuckle 

Shell 

Carriage 

Cart 

Dray 


Adam 

Anthony 

l\Lary 

Kezia 

Matilda 

Anna 

Abigail 

Bridelia 

IMary 

Charles 

Susan 

Joseph 
Edwin 

Vile 

Thomas 

Ann 

William 

Betsy 

Elizabeth 

James 

John 

Charles 

Milton 

Arthur 

Ann 

George 

Marrum 

Jane 

James 

Harriet 

Lewis 

Sophia 

Ann 

Jane 

Ann 

Joseph 

IMary 

jMartha 

Fanny 

Bishop 

Rhoda 

James 

John 

]\Iary 

Unvy 

Alice 

Ethvard 

Ruth 

George 

Lucj'' 

Thomas 


James 

Charles 

John 

James 

SL-'riau 

John 

Faulty 

Peter 

Thomas 

BL-u-k 

Dorothy 

Nicholas 

Harris 

Louis 

Miles 

Sarah 

Joseph 

Naomi 

Jemima 

Hannah 

John 

Ruth 

John 

Edward 

Israel 


Van 

^Vain 

Sleigh 

Sledge 

Spokes 

Whip 

Reins 

Bridle 

Spurs 

Stirrup 

Trace 

Strap 

Timber 

Plank 

Beam 

Board 

Inchboard 

Bench 

Log 

Post 

Rail 

Veneer 

Plaster 

Mortar 

Chip 

Dye 

Furnace 

Link 

Spark 

Rocket 

Squib 

Rope 

Ropeyarn 

Line 

Cable 

Halter 

Twist 

Twine 

Tape 

Cord 

Tow 

Kemp 

Tackle 

Chain 

Netting 

Skein 

AVhitethread 

Tether 

Shackle 

Fetters 

Snare 

Hay 

Straw 

Chaff 

Bran 

Malt 

Grist 

Buckler 

Bow 

Arrow 

Shield 

Dagger 

Dart 

Dirk 

Target 

Corner 

Cranny 

Badge 

Ticket 

Mace 

Club 

Crutch 

Cane 

Staff 

Stick 

Wand 

Painting 

Picture 

Pallet 

Print 


Sarah 

Pipe 

Harriet 

Ring 

Aquila 

Sheath 

IMarj'- 

Stump 

Louisa 

Stake 

Louisa 

Skates 

Alexander 

Smut 

Betty 

Train 

Emily 

Vizard 

Saiah 

Guise 

Martin 

Verge 

Sarah 

Vane 

Job 

Hartshorn 

John 

Lye 

George 

Ley 

Vhginia 

Lees 

Nancy 

Leak 

Henry 

Must 

Ann 

Mash 

CHARACTERISTICS,    &C. 

Helen 

Pout 

Sarah 

Regular 

Julia 

Owner 

James 

Wealthy 

John 

Fatherly 

George 

Hardincat 

Louisa 

Late 

Emma 

Loon 

Alma 

Loop 

James 

IMood 

James 

Nest 

Ellen 

Core 

Eliza 

Greedy 

Louisa 

Kersey 

Ann 

Knocker 

Robert 

Kindly 

Joseph 

Link 

Clare 

Mote 

Peter 

Open 

Sophia 

Rant 

Charles 

Reason 

IMargaret 

Summons 

Ann 

Sweet 

Robert 

Awe 

David 

Blacking 

Alice 

Bladder 

Catherine 

Comfort 

Henrv 

Bundle 

William 

Divan 

John 

Dupe 

Samuel 

Drought 

QUALITIKS,   &c. 

Thomas 

Carnal 

Elizabeth 

Household 

John 

Anguish 

L.  Dunn 

Vile 

Albert 

Evil 

Ann 

Grief 

Anna 

Fear 

Albert 

Anger 

Emily 

Cliurlish 

Esther 

Base 

Faith 

Cross 

Ann 

Daft 

Richard 

Folly 

Emma 

Fickle 

Timothy 

Fretwell 

Emma 

Frail 

Mary 

Silly 

John 

Curse 

William 

Badman 

Daniel 

Boast 

Nancy 

IMuff 

Mary 

Bore 

Alice 

Crimp 

Timothy 

Dolt 

Thomas 

Drudge 

ADDENDmi. 


435 


Ellen 

Dudgeon 

Thomas 

Dodge 

Henry 

Dread 

Hannah 

Grim 

George 

Guile 

Ann 

Grime 

Bridget 

Hussey 

]\Iary 

Idle 

Judith 

Jealous 

Kobert 

Muddle 

Samuel 

Meddle 

Job 

Heartless 

Rosanna 

Flitter 

Ann 

Maudlin 

Sarah 

Mar 

John 

Pert 

Longs  taff 

Proud 

James 

Pry 

Charlej' 

Rake 

Rebecca 

Rob 

William 

Sawuey 

Ann 

Quaint 

Fanny 

Sly 

Sanspareil 

Scamp 

Mary 

Strange 

EUea 

Shirk 

Catherine 

Shallow 

Elizabeth 

Wildish 

^larv 

Truckle 

Charles 

Vice 

Samuel 

Vague 

Henry 

Vain 

Frances 

Wight 

Loveless 

Wild 

James 

Lawless 

Samuel 

Curt 

Harriot 

Self 

Priscilla 

Rouse 

Mary 

Pride 

JNIary 

Mom-u 

Harriet 

Care 

George 

Bare 

Alfi-ed 

Denial 

INIary 

End 

.OTHING   AND   ORXA3IENTS. 

Benjamin 

Garment 

Louisa 

Raiment 

Reuben 

Bonnet 

Edwin 

Hood 

Catherine 

Hat 

Thomas 

Cap 

Jane 

Tippet 

Mark 

Collar 

Robert 

Cape 

Sarah 

Ruffle 

Rebecca 

Sbirt 

James 

Gown 

William 

Shawl 

Susan 

Scarf 

Thomas 

Sash 

Kesia 

Band 

Charles 

Girdle 

Cloake 

Spencer 

Harry 

Mantle 

Nancy 

Muff 

Alfred 

Cloak 

Elizabeth 

Sandal 

Solomon 

Curl 

Elizabeth 

Tress 

Robert 

Plume 

Elizabeth 

Feather 

George 

Patten 

Edward 

Beads 

Ann 

Locket 

James 

Busk 

Robert 

Coat 

George 

Jacket 

Neesom 

Vest 

Lydia 

Hose 

3  1 

Elizabeth 

Stocking 

Cresence 

Boot 

Louisa 

Shoe 

Louisa 

Gaiter 

Sidney 

Stock 

Bridget 

Slipper 

Emma 

Buckle 

Philip 

Brace 

Cecilia 

Belt 

Zachariah 

Button 

Thomas 

Pocket 

Emily 

Pouch 

Rosetta 

Crutch 

Anna 

Silk 

Rowland 

Cotton 

George 

Tiffany 

Nathaniel 

Blond 

James 

Border 

Eliza 

Lace 

Emily 

Lawn 

Aune 

Ribbons 

Robert 

Poplin 

Patience 

Diaper 

Robert 

Braid 

Benjamin 

List 

John 

Robes 

Emily 

Wool 

Robert 

Plush 

Mavy 

Tape 

Joseph 

Cardinal 

Rhoda 

Wai-drobe 

SEASES    AND     THEIR     CON- 

CO?IIT.\^"TS. 

John 

Malady 

Jolm 

Fever 

Phillis 

Palsey 

Charles 

Gout 

Josiah 

Fits 

I\Iary 

Splayfoot 

Charlotte 

Rash 

Louisa 

Boils 

Jlnnvy 

Hiccups 

Harriet 

Cramp 

Thomas 

Flux 

]\Iary 

Rickets 

Croat 

Stone 

William 

Gravel 

Elizabeth 

Piles 

Henry 

Whitlow 

John 

Corns 

Sara 

Hm-t 

Mai'ia 

Sore 

Solomon 

Pain 

Deborah 

Burn 

Frances 

Gash 

Sarah 

Wale 

Thomas 

Chap 

Alexander 

Glanders 

Theophilus  Spavin                | 

Charles 

Leper 

Henry 

Pill 

John 

Balsam 

Alfred 

Bolus 

Charles 

Physick 

Louisa 

Plaster 

George 

Glister 

John 

Lancet 

Frederick 

Pestle 

Robert 

Mortar 

Jonas 

Kill 

Thomas 

Cm"e 

LIQUORS. 

Rosina 

Wines 

Alfred 

Wine 

Robert 

Port 

John 

Sherry 

Hewlett 

Claret 

Jean  Leon 

Champagne 

Thomas 

Robert 

David 

John 

Elizabeth 

Richard 

Jemima 

Maria 

Catherine 

John  Bottle 

Joyce 

Dorcas 

Elizabeth 

Susanna 

Kczia 

Sarah 

Brown 

Joan 

John 

Jacob 

James 


Portwine 

Cape 

Negus 

Spirit 

Whiskey 

Gin 

Hollands 

Shrub 

Punch 

of     Beer 

Porter 

Stout 

Porterbeer 

Eggbeer 

Wort 

Spruce 

Mead 

Perry 

Thirst 

Tablcporter 

Ether 


COLOURS, 


George 
John 
Fanny 
James 
Faith  Hope 

Charity 
William 
John 
AVilliani 
James 
Emily 
Harriet 
Louisa 
Maria 
Michael 
Florence 
Bob 

Elizabeth 
Henry 
Roxanua 
James 
Belly 
Ann 
Simon 
BLirk 
Cooper 
James 
Aaron 
Charlotte 
Jessie 
LiUa 


Blue 

Red 

Orange 

Yellow 

Green 
Blues 
Violet 
Purple 
Pink 
Rose 
Scarlet 
Deeprose 
Lake 
Ruddy- 
Greenish 
Seagreen 
Roan 
Buff 
Gray 
Dun 
Brown 
Nutbrown 
Chesuut 
Lavender 
Cherry 
Peach 
Lemon 
Sable 
Black 
White 


TITLES,    &C. 


Mary 

Cort 

Ann 

Alfi-ed 

Lvdia 

ISiarshall 

Portland 

Richard 

Peter 

Henry 

Katm-ah 

Leah 

Henrj'Born 

William 

Ann 

Eli 

Edgar 

Arthur 

Anna 

Fred 

Bessie 

Charlotte 

Thonias 

Albert 


Title 

King 

Queen 

Prince 

Nobles 

Duke 

Duchess 

INLirquis 

Earl 

Count 

Baron 

Lord 

Noble 

IMargrave 

Dey 

Knight 

Squire 

Thane 

Templai" 

Monarch 

Royal 

Crown 

Throne 

Ecx 


436 


ADDENDUM. 


Sabra 

State 

John 

Mist 

William 

Christmasday 

Ernest 

Rank 

Judith 

Frost 

Clara 

Easter 

Daniel 

Court 

J.  Frost 

Hoar 

William 

Lent 

Elizabeth 

Chancellor 

Mary 

Freeze 

Philadelphia  Pentecost 

Lavinia 

Chamberlain 

Janet 

Thaw 

William 

Lammas 

Bridget 

Judge 

Rachel 

Sleet 

p 

Herbert 

Law 

Ebenezer 

Hail 

COMMERUJi,     Ot<J. 

Joseph 

Justice 

John 

Hailstorm 

dementia 

Trader 

Bell  Small 

Counsellor 

Ann 

Hailstone 

Tom 

Buy 

Sarah 

Serjeant 

Editha 

Snow 

Charles  ' 

Sell 

Julia 

Breeze 

Joseph 

Buj'er 

'EY,  WEIGHTS,  &  MEASURES.] 

Jonas 

Gale 

Seller 

Margaret 

Coin 

IMargaret 

Wind 

Mary 

Selling 

Deborah 

Cash 

Hannah 

Rain 

Edgar 

Price 

Jemima 

Money 

Eliza 

Showers 

Mary 

Cost 

Johanna 

Guinea 

Sarah 

Storm 

Emma 

Charge 

William 

Pound 

Thomas 

Tempest 

Alice 

Fare 

Charlotte 

Cro-\vu 

Lucy 

Thunder 

Amos 

Barter 

Thomas 

Halfcrowu 

Ellen 

Lightning 

Mary 

Purchase 

Charles 

Shilling 

Cecily 

Rainbow 

Rose 

Pay 

Patrick 

Sixpence 

Edwin 

Sunshine 

ISIatthew 

Fee 

Joanna 

Penny 

J.  Squires 

Dawn 

Sarah 

Gain 

George 

Halfpenny 

Bridget 

Morn 

Jane 

Fines 

Issachar 

Farthing 

Overman 

Day 

Martha 

Ransom 

William 

Twopenny 

Time  of 

Day 

Ellen 

Bonus 

Martin 

]\Iark 

Ann 

Morning 

Francis 

Rent 

Capon 

Noble 

ISIartin 

Noon 

Crincklay 

Rate 

Elizabeth 

Tester 

Mathews 

Evening 

Enos 

Bond 

Agnes 

Ducat 

Thirza 

Night 

Harriet 

Check 

Sarah 

Guilder 

Gallop  Sampson    Moon 

Sarah 

Bills 

James 

Real 

Eliza 

Star 

AVilliam 

Stamps 

Edward 

Weight 

Laurence 

Stars 

John 

Share 

Blatthew 

Measures 

Sebras 

Mauyweathers 

John 

Surety 

Elizabeth 

Anker 

John 

Thrift 

Selina 

Butt 

FIGURES,    (fcC. 

Charlotte 

Sale 

Joseph 

Bushel 

Elizabeth 

Cypher 

Emily 

Salvage 

Eosa 

Pipe 

Aaron 

Unit 

Thomas 

Sample 

Jane 

Gallon 

Emma 

Ace 

George 

Scrip 

William 

Firkin 

Richard 

Deuce 

John 

Loan 

Louisa 

Measure 

Ann 

Tray 

Charles 

Borrow 

Isaac 

Gill 

Caroline 

Two 

James 

Pottle 

Blartha 

Twelves 

PARTICIPLES   AifH  VERBS. 

Laura 

Peck 

Sarah 

Eighteen 

Rebecca 

Boltmg 

Ann 

Milestone 

William 

Score 

Amelia 

Bending 

Charles 

Mile 

Thomas 

Twentyman 

John 

Sheaving 

Charles 

Acres 

Ellen 

Forty 

Emily 

Boiling 

Jlaria 

Cubit 

David 

Gross 

Harriet 

Buzzing 

Frederick 

Furlong 

Jabez 

Blillion 

Michael 

Bristling 

Elizabeth 

Yard 

Eliza 

Billion 

Ann 

Curling 

Richard 

Ell 

Rose 

Even 

Sarah 

Coohng 

Josiah 

Inch 

Henry 

Odd 

jSIaria 

Chewing 

Isabella 

Inches 

Vincent 

Pair 

Charles 

Cutting 

Edith 

Foot 

Abram 

Double 

Fanny 

Dunning 

Christopher  Nail 

James 

Diving- 

Ann 

Pole 

TIMES   AXD   SEASONS. 

Mary 

Daring 

James 

Rood 

Mary 

Season 

Robert 

Fanning 

JIatthew 

Perch 

Henry 

Spring 

Jabez 

Gambling 

Francis 

Rod 

Jane 

Summer 

Ann 

Gilding 

William 

Pace 

Gilbert 

Winter 

John 

Harrowing 

Mary 

Weigh 

John 

January 

Ann 

Hooting 

Croat 

Stone 

Harriet 

March " 

Emma 

Hopping 

Robert 

Wey 

Rose 

INIay 

Ann 

Healing 

William 

Tod 

Ann 

June 

Sarah 

Hunting 

Thomas 

Load 

Richard 

July 

Christiana 

Lowing 

Alpha 

Last 

Hannah 

Monday 

George 

IMouldmg 

Jemima 

Truss 

Phillis 

Friday 

Hannah 

IMaking 

William 

Pound 

Samuel 

Saturday 

IMaria 

Nodding 

Thomas 

Reams 

Overman 

Day 

Ruth 

Painting 

William 

Quire 

Thirza 

Night 

IMary 

Pealing 

Amos 

Barrel 

I\Iaria 

Daily 

Sarah 

Panting 

John 

Boll 

Ann 

Halfnight 

Henry 

Pointing 

Eliza 

Tons 

Sophia 

IMorrow 

Martha 

Patching 

Cliarity 

Wcelcs 

Samuel 

Picking 

THE   WEATHER,    &C. 

Martin 

^\^eekly 

William 

pinching 

Joseph 

Element 

Walter 

Yearly 

IMargaret 

Riding 

Godfrey 

Air 

Alice 

Halfj'ear 

George 

Rolling 

Robert 

Cloud 

Emma 

Feveryear 

Mary 

Rusting 

Alice 

Dew 

Emma 

Longyear 

I\[ary 

Raving 

Richard 

Fog 

IMary 

Twoyearold 

Lydia 

Rowing 

Robert 

Sky 

Daniel 

Christmas 

Hannah 

Rising 

ADDENDUM. 


437 


James 
]Mary 
Eiios 
IMary 
Elizabeth 
Sarah 
John 
Mary- 
Jacob 
La^vTeIlce 
Henry 
Jane 
Louisa 
Chai-les 
AVilliam 
Eustace 
Robert 
Emma 
William 
INIary 
Ann 
Richard 
Maiy 
Samuel 
Robert 
John 
Selina 
Louisa 
Ann 

Catharine 
MattJieir 
Henry 
Kate 
John 
Terrier 
Frederick 
Alice 
Thomas 
James 
Fanny 
Charity 
Dorcas 
Leonard 
James 
John 
John 
Philip 
Elizabeth 
George 
Leah 
Mary 
John 
Maiy 
David 
James 
Ann 
Mahala 


Slaving 

Selling 

Standing 

Scolding 

Swearing 

Suckling 

Skinning 

Telling 

Wailing 

Winning 

AVeaving 

Sings 

Pinches 

Blows 

Stamps 

Bounds 

Stumbles 

Swindles 

Winks 

Peeps 

Squints 

Shakes 

Waits 

Walks 

Smiles 

Stammers 

Chatters 

Skates 

Wanders 

Judges 

Measures 

Etches 

Helps 

Skins 

Shears 

Bellows 

Bangs 

Catch 

Caught 

Call 

Came 

Hide 

Seek 

Gave 

Took 

Keep 

Went 

Found 

Look 

Saw 

See 

Gaze 

Lear 

Ogle 

Peer 

Stare 

Wink 


ADJECTIVES,  &C. 


Francis 

Dinah 

Lucy 

Honor 

Charlotte 

Ann 

John 

Ann 

Sarah 

Sarah 

Alfred 

Edith 

Emma 

John 

Charles 

Gertrude 

Peter 

Eleanor 

Berdilia 

Jolin 

Sarah 


Sturdy 

Hardy 

Lusty 

Doughty 

Haughty 

Burley 

Lofty 

Hea\-y 

Dainty 

Weakly 

Jolly 

Witty 

ISIerry 

jMusty 

Tidy 

Weary 

Worthy 

Ready 

Pretty 

Lovely 

Lucky 


James 

James 

John 

William 

Anny 

Susan 

Richard 

Thomas 

Lydia 

INIaria 

Dan 

Reuben 

Ann 

Eliza 

Philip 

Robert 

George 

IMichael 

Emily 

Alexander 

William 

H.  Magnus 

Jewson 

Sophia 

Ellen 

Sabina 

Rachel 

John 

Fanny 

Latter 

Philip 

Ann 

Edward 

James 

Jonas 

George 

Giddy 

Abraham 

Silas 

Emily 

Agnes 

Ann 

Caroline 

William 

Alfred 

Ezra 

Ann 

Edward 

Hannibal 

John 

Charlotte 

H.  Giddy 

Miriam 

Tempest 

Lydia 

Susannah 

James 

John 

Metcalf 

George 

Salley 

Jacob 

Emma 

Walter 

Cecilia 

Walker 

Zaccur 

INIary 

Dinah 

Zelia 

Beatrice 

Edith 

Lucy 

Hugh 

John 

George 

Jacob 

Mary 

Martha 

Mary 


Happy 

Hasty 

Handy 

Gory 

Giddy 

Dowdy 

Bully 

Easy 

Friendly 

Busy 

Bandy 

Bright 

Clear 

Fair 

Light 

Dark 

Darker 

Fairer 

Grand 

Great 

Glorious 

Little 

Lai'ge 

Small 

Soar 

High 

Height 

Lofty 

Low 

Lower 

Light 

Heavy 

Weight 

Wide 

Broad 

Strait 

Thick 

Long 

Short 

Shorter 

Tall 

Loose 

Slack 

Supple 

Stretch 

Tight 

Stiff 

Hard 

Rough 

Brittle 

Crisp 

Thick 

Blunt 

Sharp 

Keen 

Sever 

Jagged 

Slim 

Slight 

Slender 

Spare 

Lean 

Delicate 

Gaunt 

Haggard 

Faint 

Worn 

Tremble 

IMeek 

Humble 

Tame 

Crouch 

Craven 

Coward 

Fears 

Fail 

Funk 

Flee 

Fright 

Flight 


Gertrude 

George 

Thomas 

William 

Charles 

Julia 

Elizabeth 

Charles 

Judith 

Elizabeth 


Wearv 

Neat' 

Smart 

Si)ruce 

Tidy 

Trim 

Beau 

Dandy 

Trollop 

Tatters 


SINGULAR   OCCUPATIONS,    &C. 


Martha 

Isaac 

Seth 

George 

Isabella 

Elizabeth 

Mary 

Robert 

Ann 

Joseph 

Moses 

Rhoda 

Elizabeth 

Elizabeth 

Enoch 

James 

James 

Nathan 

Thomas 

JIartha 

Maria 

Arscott 

David 

Catmore 


Pincher 

Springer 

Gamester 

Tippler 

Sitter 

Swearer 

Smiter 

Wooer 

Medler 

Smoker 

Clever 

Bragger 

Bouncer 

Croaker 

Belcher 

Bruiser 

Hanger 

Snapper 

Laugher 

Leader 

Lover 

Maker 

Partner 

Stranger 


MUCH   ADO ! 


John 

Selma 

Charles 

Sarah 

Ann 

Louisa 

Peter 

Sarah 

Eliza 

Neighbour 

Ann 

Robert 

Sarah 

Sarah 

Robert 

Mary 

Joseph 

John 

Eleanor 

Harry 

Eliza 


Freak 

Fray 

Fuss 

Pother 

Row 

Rout 

Scuffle 

Spree 

Fudge 

Gammon 

Mummery 

Cant 

Lmgo 

Tattle 

Twaddle 

Chaff 

Scandal 

Quirk 

Sully 

Ruse 

Gossip 


THE   VOICE 


Joseph 

Elizabeth 

Francis 

Nicholas 

John 

George 

Joshua 

Victor 

Kate 

Elizabeth 

jMary 

Edwin 

Susy 

Jlargaret 

Robert 

William 

IMiriam 

Angelina 

Charles 


&c. 
Voice 
Tone 
Melody 
Silence 
Music 
Tuue 
Sing 
Sang 
Carol 
Bass 
Ask 
Say 
Speak 
Spake 
Shout 
Yell 
Howl 
Clack 
Purr 


438 


ADDENDUM. 


Jane 

Mutter 

William 

Grumble 

Margaret 

Croak 

Louisa 

Screech 

Franz 

Hum 

Catherine 

Stutter 

Thomas 

Stammer 

Betty 

Titter 

Husey 

Heard 

John 

Belch 

Florence 

Gape 

Bark 

Frank 

Bray 

Harriet 

Rmg 

Benjamin 

Rumble 

Emma 

Giggle 

ACTS,   MOTIONS,   &C, 

Jessie 

Sleep 

Catherine 

Doze 

IMary 

Nap 

Maria 

Nodding 

Mary 

Wake 

Reuben 

Strong 

Sarah 

Strength 

Matthew 

Stout 

Bridget 

Bold 

Thomas 

Bluff 

Charlotte 

Bravery 

William 

Gallant 

Priscilla 

Danger 

James 

Courage 

James 

Gallantry 

Kalph 

Hale 

Judith 

Daunt 

Bernard 

Dare 

Luke 

Feai-not 

David 

Power 

George 

Rash 

Eliza 

Reckless 

Hiram 

Steady 

Helen 

Slotion 

IMargaret 

Hop 

Sarah 

Skip 

Peter 

Jump 

George 

Start 

Peter 

Dart 

William 

Sprang 

IMartha 

Bound 

Doretta 

Rush 

Ann 

Walk 

Sarah 

Waddle 

Susan 

Dash 

Elias 

Glide 

Jonathan 

Stamp 

Joseph 

Step 

Leonard 

Stride 

Harriet 

Wade 

Tamar 

Gait 

Clement 

Fell 

John 

Trip 

GAJIBLING,    &C, 

Walter 

Game 

Phffibe 

Gamble 

Ellen 

Gambling- 

Thomas 

Swindle 

Cornelia 

Chance 

BLatilda 

Hazard 

Joseph 

Faro 

Ann 

Sleight 

A.  Godly 

Luck 

Edward 

Raffle 

Rebecca 

Billiards 

Mary 

Skittles 

Priscilla 

Cue 

Emma 

Chess 

Charles 

Die 

Thomas 

Dice 

Elizabeth 

Trick 

Lucy 

Trump               1 

Harold 

Damper 

Peter 

Wager 

Mary 

Winner 

RIVERS. 

Lydia 

Rivers 

QUALITIES, 

VEUBS,     &C'. 

Rebecca 

Tare 

Clement 

Rich 

Michael 

Boj'ue 

James 

Wealthy 

Noah 

Cam 

Harry 

Richer 

Caroline 

Dee 

Jabez 

Riches 

Eliza 

Dcrwent 

Emma 

Richman 

Arthm* 

Dart 

Hannah 

Poor 

Eliza 

Med  way 

Caroline 

Want 

L'am 

Hull 

Francis 

Need 

Julia 

Shannon 

Mary 

iMeau 

Alice 

Tay 

Anna 

Stern 

Elizabeth 

Trent 

William 

Huff 

Sarah 

Tyne 

James 

Wrath 

Selina 

Tweed 

Ellen 

Tiff 

Emma 

Humber 

William 

Wroth 

ILannah 

Severn 

Faith 

Cross 

Eliza 

Tees 

Mary 

Tamit 

Rebecca 

Thame 

Martha 

Cavil 

Charlotte 

Nile 

Ann 

Pester 

Patriclc 

Rhine 

Constance 

Goad 

Jeremiah 

Don 

Maria 

Spurn 

Rliodia 

Jordan 

John 

Quarrel 

Peggy 

Pinch 

MOUNTAINS. 

John 

Pinclius 

Alfi-ed 

Mountain 

Thomas 

Tickle 

IVIargaret 

Snowdou 

James 

Tingle 

Ai-thur 

Alps 

Thomas 

Smart 

Samuel 

Hurt 

NATIONALITIES,  &C. 

Charles 

Pain 

Talitha  Cumi  People 

Elizabeth 

Shove 

Ann 

Tribe 

Royall 

Pull 

Job 

English 

Emma 

Kick 

Ellen 

Irish 

James 

Crack 

Trebilcock 

Cornish 

David 

Beat 

Thomas 

Kentish 

Ann 

Maul 

Peter 

Welsh 

Kate 

Knock 

James 

Scotchman 

Joseph 

Blow 

John 

Lidian 

Jlary 

Batter 

Thersa 

German 

Susan 

Crush 

IMaster  David  Norman 

John 

Douse 

Jerry 

Saxon 

Carne 

Pick 

Peter 

Roman 

Aaron 

Cleave 

Ebenezer 

French 

Harrj"- 

Clench 

Cornelius 

Dutch 

Charles 

Hack 

Susanna 

Briton 

William 

Strip 

Maria 

Hollander 

William 

Wrench 

William 

Dutchman 

Edward 

Stripe 

Jacob 

Jew 

Gertrude 

Stri  ce 

Elizabeth 

Jewess 

Honora 

Bmk 

Luke  Potts  Pole 

Hannah 

Stick 

Phoebe 

Dane 

]\Largaret 

Fury 

Rebecca 

Turk 

Giles 

Savage 

Ralph 

Moor 

William 

Strangleman 

Clement 

Caffre 

Emma 

Stuck 

Giles 

Savage 

Catherine 

Stab 

David 

Wildman 

Susan 

Duel 

Edward 

Pagan 

Ralph 

Slav 

jNIary 

Heathen 

James 

Slain 

Sarah 

Christian 

Abram 

Kill 

IMartha 

Morman 

Hannah 

Slaughter 

Catherine 

Baptist 

Thomas 

Spite 

George 

Malice 

RELATIONSHIPS    AND    CONDI 

Sarah 

Fleet 

TIONS 

IN    LIFE. 

Ralph 

Swift 

Agloie 

Parent 

James 

Haste 

Dear 

OlTspring 

Mary 

Hurry 

Fanny 

Kindred 

Robert 

Quick 

Thomas 

Kinsman 

Charlotte 

Brisk 

William 

Stranger 

Ann 

Speed 

Jeremiah 

Friend 

John 

Slow 

Ellen 

Neighbour 

Sarah 

Trn-ry 

Mary 

Brotherhood 

Walter 

Delay 

Hannah 

Folk 

Elizabeth 

Saui'ter 

Joseph 

Folks 

Emma 

Moist 

George 

Fathers 

Charlotte 

Dry 

Jane 

Mothers 

Eva 

Damp 

Richard 

Uncle 

ADDENDUM. 


439 


Hannah 

Phillis 

Amy 

Sarah 

Pilate 

Lois 

Samuel 

Samuel 

John 

Ellen 

Vincent 

William 

Sarah 

Jonathan 

Charles 

Blartin 

Agnes 

Mary 

Julia 

James 

Thirza 

Sarah 

Heur}' 

Mary 

Elizabeth 

Newborn 

Sarah 

Martin 

Henry 

Horace 

Mary 

Maria 

Kate 

Abel 

Thomas 

Sarah 

William 

Thomas 

George 

Michael 

Emma 

Hannah 

Susan 

William 

Laura 


Uncles 

Daughters 

Widows 

Cousin 

Cousins 

Brothers 

Sire 

Daddy 

Husband 

INIan 

Male 

Manhood 

Bachelor 

Gent 

Oldman 

Newman 

Youngman 

Youngson 

Dame 

Spouse 

Bride 

Yu'gin 

AYencli 

Maid 

IMaiden 

Child 

Children 

Littlechild 

Boy 

Boj's 

Littleboy 

Oddboy 

Stripling 

Bastard 

Heir 

Ward 

Orphan 

Foundling 

Godson 

Twin. 

Brat 

Baby 

Girl 

Sisterson 

Masters 


OCCUPATIONS,  EJIPLOTMENTS, 
A^'D    OFFICES. 


Betty 

Amy 

Richard 

Hezekiah 

Tom 

Benjamin 

Sarah 

Dolly 

Hodges 

Mary 

Alice 

Jonas 

Joseph 

Elizabeth 

Laban 

Sabiua 

Sarah 

Susan 

Joseph 

Alfred 

Edwin 

Samuel 

Eli 

I\Lary 

Comfort 

Cordelia 

George 

Ben 

Sarah 

Coom 

Fred 

William 


Workman 

Foreman 

Builder 

Mason 

Carpenter 

Sawyer 

Joiner 

Slater 

Thatcher 

Tiler 

Hodman 

Turner 

Painter 

Glazier 

Plumber 

Carver 

Gilder 

Printer 

Binder 

Goldsmith 

Ironmonger 

Cutler 

Nailer 

Plater 

Smith 

Shoesmith 

Farrier 

Tinker 

Hawker 

Pedlar 

Chapman 

Miner 


Horatio 

Thomas 

Miriam 

James 

Solomon 

Kate 

Peter 

Caroline 

Moses 

Hough  N. 

Molly 

Joseph 

Robert 

Philip 

Edward 

Sarah 

Elizabeth 

William 

Caroline 

Joseph 

Onesimus 

Martha 

Alice 

Rhoda 

Seth 

George 

Aaron 

Anne 

Herbert 

Tom 

Margaret 

Luke 

Isabella 

Lucy 

Thomas 

Thomas 

John 

Eliza 

Lncina 

Roger 

Peter 

Reuben 

Eliza 

Carter 

William 

Jabez 

Edwin 


Collier 

Coalman 

Dyer 

Stainer 

Tanner 

Currier 

Skinner 

Flesher 

Butcher 

Baker 

Miller 

Bellman 

Ringer 

Bellringer 

Sweeper 

Washer 

Clothier 

Tailor 

Hatter 

Hosier 

Glover 

^Mercer 

Milliner 

Draper 

Weaver 

Carder 

Tiu'ower 

Trimmer 

Carter 

Carrier 

Carman 

Driver 

Stoker 

Brazier 

Stayraaker 

Ploughwright 

Brewer 

iMalster 

Tapster 

Roper 

Fisher 

Pinner 

Bathmaker 

Barber 

Broker 

Cartwright 

Wainwright 


Kerenhappuch  Wheelwright 


Jcffery 

Lea 

James 

Dinah 

Ralph 

Luke 

Kersey 

Joseph 

Elijah 

Jasper 

Thomas 

Joseph 

Diehappy 

Edward 

Thomas 

Luke 

Louisa 

Eliel 

Sarah. 

Isabella 

Uriah 

Emma 

Peter 

Francis 

Long 

Agnes 

Martha 

Bathsheba 

Ellen 

Joyce 

Eliza 


Chandler 

Cooper 

Cryer 

Stamper 

Fuller 

Sadler 

Potter 

Paviour 

Packer 

Fletcher 

Moulder 

Fidler 

Harper 

Player 

Bugler 

Dancer 

Piper 

Singer 

Servant 

Steward 

Butler 

Coachman 

Footman 

Varlet 

Lackey 

Page 

Nurse 

Dresser 

Cook 

Scullion 

Porter 

Groom 


Drewry 

Samuel 

]\Iary 

Samuel 

Charles 

Naomi 

Zaccheus 

Elizabeth 

Caroline 

Isaac 

Elizabeth 

Susannah 

Ann 

Esther 

Henry 

Fanny 

Joseph 

Everatt 

Lucy 

William 

Ebenezer 

David 

Monica 

Thomas 

Henry 

John 

Charles 

Arthur 

Sarah 

John 

.Jane 

.James 

Jacob 

Jesse 

Martin 

Thomas 

Robert 

IMary 

Alfi-ed 

Oswald 

Ann 

Kesiah 

James 

Zadock 

INLirtha 

Richard 

Elizabeth 

Ann 

Ralph 

Phoebe 

Leah 

Eliza 

Ann 

Joseph 

Alfi-ed 

Edward 

Lavinia 

William 

Aaron 

John 

Maria 

jMarji- 

Rosimna 

Ann 

Isaac 

Ralph 

alary 

Amos 

Charles 

Josiah 

Sarah 

James 

Charles 

Cleophas 

Fanny 

William 

Elizabeth 

Charles 

.Ajine 

Blary 


Ostler 

Waiter 

Boots 

Seaman 

Mariner 

Waterman 

Ferryman 

Boatman 

Jlate 

Purser 

Skipper 

Boatwright 

Diver 

Minion 

IMiser 

Roue 

Corsair 

Major 

Officer 

Commander 

Farmer 

Gardener 

Shepherd 

Ploughman 

Mower 

Thresher 

Shearer 

Woodman 

Ranger 

Warrener 

Forester 

Herdsman 

Hind 

Swain 

Grazier 

Drover 

Hedger 

Hewer 

Yeoman 

Hunter 

Huntsman 

Fowler 

Falconer 

Barker 

Provost 

Mayor 

Sheriff 

Alderman 

Citizen 

Freeman 

Burgess 

Constable 

Gailor 

Watchman 

Warder 

Warden 

Chamberlain 

Marshal 

Usher 

Scrivener 

Clerk 

Scholar 

Herald 

CoTirtier 

Pothecary 

Proctor 

Cliymist 

Cupper 

Ai-tist 

]\Ierchant 

Traveller 

Pilgrim 

Rover 

Rider 

Blessenger 

Agent 

Bard 

Poet 

Reader 

Rhvmer 


440 


ADDENDUM. 


Maria 
Rhoda 
Amy- 
Rose 
James 
Solomon 


Boxer 

Witch 

"Wizard 

Harlot 

Gamester 

Teacher 


PERSONAL  NAMES. 


Albert 

Sophia 
Lucy- 
Rose 
Robert 
Aaron 
Mark 
Austin 
Mai-y 
Job 
David 
James 
Emmanuel 
George 
Fanny 
Joseph 
George 
Nicholas 
William 
Laura 
Coleman 
William 
John 
Charles 
Judah 
Emma 
Jeukin 
David 
John 
Daniel 
Anne 
Isaiah 
William 
Richard 
Evelina 
IVLiria 
Bessy 
Sarah 
Mary 
Lawrence 

John 

Thomas 

Thomas 

Edward 

Sarah 

Ann 

Charles 

David 

Martin 

Norcliffe 

Happy 

Alh-ed 

Emily 

John 

Henry 

Elizabeth 

Roger 

William 

Mary 

Magdalene 

Tamsine 

Sampson 

John 

Mary 

Elizabeth 

Tom 

Rebecca 

William 

Elizabeth 

Mary 


Eden 

Paradise 

Adam 

Eve 

Cain 

Abel 

Moses 

Aaron 

Abraham 

Israel 

Jacob 

Absalom 

Elisha 

Enoch 

Boaz 

Ruth 

Leah 

Hagar 

Job 

Japheth 

Jereraiali 

Jael 

Noah 

Pharaoh 

Potipher 

Solomon 

Jesse 

David 

Saul 

Shadrach 

Daniel 

Lot 

Isaiah 

Joshua 

Jehu 

Elias 

Sampson 

Balaam 

Goliah 

Gomer 

Dives 

Lazarus 

Zachariah 

Zcbedee 

Jude 

Gabriel 

Bartholomew 

Mathias 

Herod 

jNIatthew 

iMark 

LulvC 

John 

Bobby 

Tommy 

Charley 

Jackey 

Paddy 

Harry 

Toby 

Robin 

Jack 

Ben 

Bill 

Dick 

Tom 

Will 

Dan 

Rob 

Teddy 

Alh-cd 

Josiah 


Elizabeth 
Aspasia 
Jane 
Joachim 
Richai-d 
Amelia 
Abraham 
William 
Gracious 
Bett 
Ann 
Emma 
Walter 
Mary- 
Benjamin 
Jabez 
Laura 
David 
Emma 
Louisa 
Anthony 
Ann 
Rebecca 
John 
Thomas 
Anna 
Elizabeth 
Rees 
John 
Harriet 
John 
Emma 
William 
Alfred 
Mary 
Medium 
Jane 
Emanuel 
King 
Prudence 
Uriah 
David 
Jlary 
John 
Theodoi'e 
Joseph 
Sarah 
George 
Job 

Frances 
Alxina 
Ann 
Caroline 
Appk'bv 
William 
Margaret 
Mary 
Alma 
William 
Elijah 
Ma'hala 
Harriet 
Peter 
Andrew 
Saint 
John 
Elsie 
Evan 
Rees 
Nicholas 
Leveson 
Owen 
John 
John 
David 
Emily 
Sarah 
Peter 
Charles 
Joseph 


Joachim 

Anthony 

Ai'thur 

Adolphus 

Albert 

Ambrose 

Amos 

Augustus 

Abrahams 

Boniface 

Bardolph 

Baptist 

Benedict 

Bertram 

Benjamin 

Charles 

Christopher 

Clement 

Colin  _ 

Cornelius 

Constantine 

Dunstan 

Douglas 

Edmond 

Edward 

Edmund 

Ebenezer 

Emanuel 

Eustace 

Eugene 

Edgar 

Edwin 

Frank 

Ferdinand 

Frederick 

Francis 

Felix 

Gideon 

George 

Gerard 

Guy 

Henry 

Hugo 

Herbert 

Jaques 

Jasper 

Jesse 

Josiah 

James 

Julian 

Jago 

Jacks 

Jerome 

Joseph 

Jonas 

Jonathan 

Ludwig 

Lewis 

Louis 

Manuel 

INIartin 

JIaurice 

l\Iichael 

Oliver 

Paul 

Peter 

Philip 

Robert 

Roderick 

Victor 

Randolph 

Rowland 

Ralph 

Richard 

Samuel 

Sidney 

Simon 

Stephen 

Theobald 

Theodore 


Timothy 

Bezaleel 

i\Iary 

Cudlip 

Ann 

Ann 

Suffolk 

Catherine 

Bessy 

Ann 

George 

Thomas 

Frances 

Eliza 

Henry 

James 

Edwin 

George 

Sarah 

James 

Anthony 

Stopher 

Martha 

Emma 

Roseanna 

Eleanor 

Segar 

Ann 

Thomas 

Richard 

Ann 

Emma 

Selina 

Kate 

Selina 

Ann 

Elizabeth 

JNLargaret 

Eliza 

Sugar 

IMartha 

William 

Mary 

Margery 

Joseph 

Ann 

Fanny 

Victor 

Esther 

Lavinia 

John 

Fanny 

Ann 

Simmy 

iVIaria 

Edwin 

Charles 

William 

Isabella 

Thomas 

Amos 

Richard 

John 

Morgan 

William 

Daniel 

Camilhis 

Maria 

Alfred 

Daniel 

Victoria 

James 

Samuel 

Eliza 

Vincenzo 

Anthony 

Edgar 

Tom 

John 

Treasure 


Theophilus 
Thomas 
Timothy 
Valentine 
Vincent 
William 
Walter 
Betty 
Biddy 
Madge 
Moll 
Nell 
Poll 
Patty- 
Polly 
Amy 
Ann 
Annie 
Blanch 
Caroline 
Charlotte 
Charity 
Constance 
Catharine 
Columbine 
Eleanor 
Elizabeth 
Ellen 
Esther 
Eva 
Ellinor 
Florence 
Frances 
Fanny 
Flora 
Grace 
Helen 
Hannah 
Hester 
Jane 
Janet 
Kathleen 
Lucy 
Mercv 
Marie 
IMaud 
Margery 
Nancy 
Prudence 
Rose 
Rachel 
Sarah 
Susan 
Bensusan 
Phoebe 
Xerxes 
Bacchus 
Cupid 
Venus 
Mars 
Charon 
Daphne 
Hector 
Ajax 
Priam 
Cajsar 
Brutus 
Plato 
Cato 
Titus 
Fabian 
Hannibal 
Scipio 
Livy 

Themistocle 
Damon 
Crispin 
Dominey 
Rufus 
Tudor 


ADDENDUM. 


441 


Ann  Luther 

John  Demetrius 

Catherine  Phcenix 

THINGS   COMESTIBLE   ^VXD 
POTABI-E. 

James  Food 

lukerman  Dinner 

Edith  Lunch 

Thomas  Dine 

Emma  Feast 

Edwin  IMeats 

Fanny  Fish 

Eobert  Flesh 

Frederick  Fowl 

Benjamin  Game 

Eebecca  Lamb 

Polly  Mutton 

Esther  Veal 
Jacob  Choke  Lambshead 

Edmund  Roast 

Simon  Fry 

Pharaoh  Bacon 

Jane  Brawn 

Sidney  Ham 

Elizabeth  Coldham 

Louisa  Chicken 

Joseph  Hogsflesh 

Dorothy  Curry 
Jonathan      Stew 

Johanna  Pottage 

John  Peasoop 

Amelia  Marrow 
Eliza  Patty 

George  Parsley 
James  Leek 

Singular       Onion 
Sophia  Garlick 

David  Carrot 
Lucy  Cabbage 

Jane  Pease 

Charlotte  Bean 
Dinah  Rice 

John  Sago 

Jessie  Onions 

John  Capers 

Jacob  Girkin 

Charles         Tiffin 
John  Sage 

Charlotte     Savory 
Frederick     Spice 
Horace  Pepper 

Dorah  Salt 

Jemima        Mustaixl 
Jliles  Mace 

Thomas  Ginger 
Joshua  Peppercorn 

John  Tart 

Thomas        Custard 
John  Jelly 

William  Jellies 
Young  Pickles 

Thomas  Cheese 
Charles  Olives 
Amos  Almond 

"William        Raisin 
Elizabeth     Nut 
Louisa  Chesnut 

Mary  Orange 

Joseph  IMelon 

Eodolph  Plum 
•  James  Peach 

Thomas        Pear 
Cooper  Cherry 

Henry  Grapes 

Aaron  Lemon 

Emily  Date 

William  Shaddock 
Charlotte  Mulberry 
Arthur         Quince 


William 

Sweetapple 

John 

Codling 

Harriet 

Pippin 

Mark 

Currant 

William 

Gourd 

Ann 

Medlar 

Samuel 

Pears 

George 

Tea 

Ellen 

Coffee 

INLary 

Sugar 

Job 

Butter 

Sally 

Milk 

Mary 

Cream 

Christian 

Honey 

Ruth 

Caudy 

Ruth 

Muffin 

Isaac 

Sop 

Samuel 

Rusk 

Harriet 

Loaf 

William 

Roll 

Emela 

Crust 

Philip 

Crumb 

Amelia 

Cake 

Alfred 

Cakebread 

Jack 

Curd 

Benjamin 

Whey 

Esther 

Caudle 

Leah 

Eggs 

Delia 

Dough 

INIary 

Meal 

IMercy 

Rolls 

Arthur 

Egg 

Josiah 

Lard 

TOPOGRAPHICAL,  TERMS. 

Ruth 

Land 

George 

Ground 

Lydia 

Earth 

Andre^T 

Mould 

Sophia 

Shale 

Sarah 

Sandy 

Harry 

Earthy 

William 

Drvland 

John 

Claypit 

Emily 

Dust 

Henry 

Gravel 

Phineas 

Peat 

David 

Cornfield 

Susan 

Hayfield 

Jane 

Fallowfield 

Peter 

Highfield 

Zcmira 

Field 

David 

Fields 

Charles 

jMead 

Kerenhappuch  Meadows 

Fannj' 

Cowracadow 

Deborah 

Downs 

James 

Plain 

Louisa 

Warren 

Lister 

Lea 

Charity 

Common 

Joseph 

Moat 

Emily 

Ditch 

Herbert 

Dyke 

Henry 

Foss 

Marion 

Dykes 

Joseph 

Furrows 

William 

Pit 

Deborah 

Burrow 

Lucinda 

Garden 

Horatio 

Orchard 

Fanny 

Vineyard 

William 

Arbour 

Timothy 

Bower 

Edwin 

Grove 

Jlichael 

Croft 

William 

Crop 

Emmeline    Sheaf 

Easter 

Rick 

Emmeline    Stack 

Maria  Haycock 

William  Valley 

Uriah  Vale 

Edwin  Dingle 

Edward  Ravine 

Sarah  Dale 

Catherine  Glen 

Daniel  Dell 

Julia  Gully 

Lystria  Hollow 

Francis  Den 

Peter  Hole 

Sarah  Mines 

Thomas  Quarry 

James  Fen 

Vu-ginia  Marsh 

Dancer  Moor 

Ellen  Thicket 

Pelina  Wood 

Sidonia  Woodland 

Samuel  Forest 

Jael  Brake 

John  Road 

E.  Hinder  Way 

Harriet  Highway 

Rosina  Lane 
Conker  Kooley  Alley 

Lucy  Park 

Emily  Lawn 

Isaiah  Paddock 

Sarah  Hedge 

Timothy  Hill 

William  IMount  _ 

Joshua  Mountain 
W.  Windy    Bank 

Fanuy  Heap 

Thomas  Knoll 

Michael  Cairns 

Zilla  Barrow 

Emma  Ridge 

John  Coast 

Hester  Shore 

F^lam  Beach 

Josiah  Rock 

Betty  Cliff 

Leir  Sands 

Harriet  Cave 

Robert  Cape 

Caroline  Foreland 

Augustus  Bay 

Francis  Beacon 

Frances  Creek 

James  Isle 

Peggy  Eddy 

Oliver  Frith 

Charles  Harbour 

Harriet  Havens 

Clara  Rivers 

Leolin  Wells 

INIatrona  Bourn 

Patty  Ford 

INIary  Wellsprmg 

F^dward  Ferry 

Oldfield  Brook 

Thomas  Stream 

John  Pond 

Ashey  Pool 

Richard  Puddle 

George  Horsepool 

William  Lough 
Jlaria  Lake 

George  AVaterfall 

Jennet  Weir 

IMary  Gate 
Harriet         Stiles 

Jane  Folds 

Thomas  Hives 

Thomas  Teams 

Jane  Ricks 

William  Sheaves 


442 


ADDENDUM. 


PARTS    OK   THE   BODY,    &C. 


Thomas 

Body 

Mary 

Corpse 

Joseph 

Carcass 

John 

Deadman 

Cornelius 

Head 

Mary 

Eyes 

Thomas 

Face 

Margaret 

Tear 

Joseph 

Temple 

Charles 

Tongue 

John 

Tooth 

Gum 

David 

Cheek 

Elizabeth 

Chin 

Betsy 

Brain 

Jane 

Brow 

Chai-les 

Pate 

Miles 

Skull 

Hannah 

Sconce 

Edward 

Noddle 

Frances 

Poll 

Ann 

Halfhead 

Eliza 

Hair 

Angelina 

Beard 

Mary 

Whisker 

John 

Neck 

Ehoda 

Bust 

Alford 

Arm 

Harriet 

Hand 

Sarah 

Fist 

Elizabeth 

Wrist 

Jane 

Back 

Edivin 

Side 

John 

Collarbone 

Tom 

Loins 

Marj' 

Teat 

Thomas 

Bellies 

Mary 

Heai-t 

George 

Bowels 

Nicholas 

Gut 

Susan 

Liver 

Aaron 

Gall 

John 

Kidney 

Jemima 

Caul 

John 

Rump 

Jane 

Limb 

Walter 

Joint 

Virtue 

Bone 

Rachel 

Bones 

Fanny 

AUbones 

John 

Leg 

Harvey 

Foot 

John 

Toe 

Caroline 

Heel 

Sarah 

Sole 

Henrj'- 

Knee 

Louisa 

Kneebone 

Elfrida 

Calf 

George 

Shanks 

Jtme 

Spittle 

ISIargaret 

Urine 

Jesse 

Blood 

James 

Gore 

Martha 

Marrow 

Benjamin 

Lean 

Dorcas 

Hide 

Mary 

Half  hide 

Jane 

Skin 

Eoda 

Shank 

Daniel 

Hough 

Esther 

Hoof 

Job 

Withers 

Jonas 

Whalebell) 

Charles 

Pluck 

INIartha 

Beak 

IMary 

Wing 

George 

Pinion 

George 

Birdseyc 

IMargaret 

Ear 

IIPS    AND   THEIR   ASSOCI- 

ATIONS. 

Emma 

Ship 

Sarah 

Fleet 

Jane 

Boat 

John 

Hulk 

James 

Galley 

Robert 

Craft 

Hannah 

Cutter 

Josephine 

Lugger 

James 

Punt 

Mary 

Tug 

Thomas 

Barge 

Daniel 

Hoy 

John 

Wherry 

James 

Sail 

Herbert 

Bunting 

William 

Log 

IMartha 

Chart, 

Mary 

Tug 

Alice 

Rope 

Ann 

Cable 

Mary 

Deck 

Brian 

Helm 

William 

Rudder 

James 

Tiller 

Shadrach 

Steer 

Emily 

Keel 

Jacob 

Hull 

Anna 

Stern 

Cornelius 

Anchor 

John 

Flukes 

Charlotte 

Boom 

Alfred 

Mizen 

George 

Locker 

Blelodj'- 

Lufi 

Edmund 

Oar 

Elizabeth 

Paddle 

Jane 

Scull 

Sarah 

Crew 

Jane 

Cruise 

Samuel 

Seaman 

Charles 

Mariner 

Isaac 

Pui-ser 

Olive 

Port 

Charles 

Harbour 

Thomas 

Quay 

Emy 

"Wharf 

BIRDS. 

Maria 

Fowls 

Julia 

Game 

Albert 

Birds 

Royal 

Bird 

Enoch 

Eagle 

Sampson 

Kite 

Edward 

Stork 

Nicholas 

Heron 

Christopher  Falcon 

Eliza 

Goshawk 

Mary 

Sparrowhawk 

Eeglium 

Crane 

Jane 

Buzzard 

Elijah 

Raven 

Clara 

Goldtiuch 

Alfred 

Blackbird 

Catherine 

Linnet 

George 

Thrush 

Walter 

Finch 

Eleanor 

Pveflnch 

Charlotte 

Larlv 

Ethalinda 

Nightingale 

Eonoch 

Woodcock 

Sophia 

Pheasant 

Nathaniel 

Partridge 

Ann 

Quail 

Alfred 

Teal 

Arthur 

Snipe 

Mary 

IMarten 

Jolin 

Titmouse 

Ruth 

Thomas 

Seth 

Dean 

Daniel 

Mary 

Hester 

Vertue 

Catherine 

Emma 

Ruth 

Spouse 

Thomas 

Henry 

Elizabeth 

Ralph 

Richard 

Catherine 

George 

Pamela 

Ruth 

]\Iaria 

Norman 

George 

J.  Swallow 

Lilias 

Ralph 

Benjamin 

Charity 

Rachael 

Joseph 

Richard 

John 

Joanna 


Starling 

Swallow 

Sparrow 

Swift 

Wren 

Robin 

Jay 

Daw 

Rook 

Gull 

Crow 

Dove 

Pigeon 

Ruff 

Parrot 

Peacock 

Cuckoo 

Crake 

Coot 

Booby 

Swan 

Wildgoose 

Goose 

Gander 

Gosling 

Duck 

Drake 

Mallai-d 

Cock 

Capon 

Bantam 

Chick 

Chicken 

Duckling 


QUADRUPEDS,  &C. 

Joseph  Brute 

Rhoda  Lion 

Saint  Michael  Lions 


George 

Panther 

Edwin 

Leopard 

Elizabeth 

Wolf 

Lydia 

Boar 

Edward 

Wildboar 

Henry 

Bear 

IMary 

Camel 

Louisa 

Morse 

Emily 

Seal 

James 

Turtle 

Thomas 

Beaver 

Francis 

Badger 

Betty 

Fox 

Caroline 

Fitchew 

IMary 

Otter 

Charlotte 

Sable 

John 

Stoat 

Sopliia 

Musk 

Pariah 

Mole 

Rachel 

Elks 

Johnson 

Stag 

Pamela 

Roe 

Malachi 

Hart 

Jacob 

Hind 

John 

Roebuck 

Edward 

Deer 

Edmund 

Buck 

Loftus 

Doe 

Thomas 

Fawn 

Betsy 

Rabliit 

Saraii 

Rabbits 

Emma 

Coney 

Asenath 

Hare 

Amelia 

Hares 

William 

Leveret 

Ellen 

Ox 

Lucy 

Bull 

Sampson 

Bullock 

Emma 

Cow 

Elfrida 

Calf 

Clement 

Steer 

ADDENDUM. 


443 


Charlotte 

Horatio 

Grace 

Aaron 

Joseph 

Philip 

James 

William 

George 

Stephen 

Phiueas 

Walter 

Alma 

William 

Harry 

John 

Thomas 


Stallion 
Mare 
Foal 
Steed 
Hack 
Palfrey 
Pony 
Colt 
Mules 
Swine 
Pig 
Porker 
Cm- 
Setter 
Pointer 
Beagle 
Goat 


IMerelthalfcar  Lamb 
Mai-tha  Lambkin 


Catherine 
Joanna 
Ann 
Sarah 


Ram 
Cats 
Puss 
Mouse 


IXSKCTS   &   REPTILES. 


Foster 

Timothy 

Simeon 

Nancy 

Elizabeth 

Ella 

Ann 

John 

John 

William 

Charles 

Ed^^•ard 

Michael 

Thomas 

Matthew 


Cricket 

Beetle 

Emmet 

Blackadder 

Vipers 

Worm 

Bug 

Flea 

Moth 

Wasp 

Hornet 

Bee 

Fly 

Grub 

Jlite 


FISHES. 


Jennett 

Pamela 

William 

George 

Piose 

Joseph 

Uriali 

Hubert 

Catharine 

Emma 

Frank 

Lydia 

Ealph 

Penninab 

Eleanor 

Xitty 

Thomas 

Edw  ard 

Eliza 

Francis 

l\Lahala 

Ellen 

Sarah 

Harry 

Blary 

Robert 

Fanny 

Charles 


Fish 

Shark 

Sturgeon 

Dolphin 

Salmon 

Turbot 

Ray 

Hake 

Tunny 

Ling' 

Herring 

Wliiting 

Haddock 

Pike 

Gudgeon 

Roach 

Dace 

Tench 

Carp 

Smelt 

Trout 

Bucktrout 

Sole 

Flounders 

Jlaid 

Plaice 

Brill 

Bream 


Francis 

Samuel 

Ann 

Joseph 

Alfi-ed 

John 

Rachel 

Henry 

Philip 

Joseph 

Emma 

Mary 

Gotobed 

Joseph 

COUNTRIES, 

Ellen 

Lydia 

Charles 

Robert 

James 

Florence 

James 

Minnie 

Victoria 

Brittania 

Caroline 

John 

Adam 

Edward 

James 

Richard 

James 

John 

Daniel 

Sarah 

Jlary 

John 

Joseph 

Lucy 

William 

Amos 

Jackson 

James 

John 

Charlotte 

Hester 

Thomas 

Sarah 

Sarah 

William 

Emma 

Sarah 

John 

Ann 

Patrick 

]\Iary 

Henrietta 

John 

Edward 

Mary 

Victor 

Fanny 

Isaac 

Kate 

Francis 

John 

Robert 

Emily 

Johnson 

James 


Mullet 

Gurnet 

Thornback 

Grayling 

Par 

Lamprey 

Leech 

Mussel 

Oyster 

Pearl 

Barnacle 

Cockle 

Crab 

Cuttle 

PLACES,   &C. 

World 

Earth 

Globe 

Nation 

Kingdom 

States 

Albion 

Britain 

England 

Ireland 

Wales 

Orkney 

France 

Gaul 

Spain 

Russia 

Prussia 

Norway 

Holland 

Denmark 

Poland 

Hanover 

Faro 

Greenland 

Barbary 

Cashmere 

Congo 

Candy 

China 

City 

Paris 

Seville 

Rome 

Canton 

Milan 

Florence 

Ghent 

Baden 

Lisle 

Rouen 

Caen 

Nantes 

Waterloo 

Nice 

Marienburg 

Nancy 

Cambray 

Ancoua 

Lima 

Revel 

Washington 

INIelbourne 

Sydney 

Galilee 

Calvary 


Harriet         Gath 
James  Troy 

Henry  Shires 

Maria  Shhe 

Bartholomew  Countv 


Alfred 

Rebecca 

Colin 

Harriet 

Farewell 

Sarah 

Jlartha 

Simon 

Richard 

David 

Philip 

John 

Sarah 

Phillis 

Harriot 

Ann 

Reuben 

Ann 

Ellen 

John 

James 

John 


Berkshire 
Cheshire 
Derbyshire 
Devonshire 
Hampshire 
Lancashire 
Shropshire 
Wiltshire 
Warwickshire 
Cornwall 
Essex 
Auglesea 
Durham 
Kent 
Norfolk 
Suffolk 
Rutland 
Sussex 
Northumberland 
Dorset 

Westmorland 
Somerset 


LONDON,    ITS   SUBURBS,  &C. 


Jane 

Lydia 

Isaac 

Julia 

Emma 

Emma 

Frederick 

WiUiam 

Jlartha 

William 

Samuel 

Eleanor 

James 

Jane 

Elizabeth 

Thomas 

Philip 

Justina 

riem-y 

John 

James 

Hudson 

Frederick 

Emma 

Job 

Penelope 

Sarah 

James 

Charlotte 

Elias 

Jesse 

Blary 

Joseph 

Maria 

Sarah 

Albert 

Lodge 

IMarian 

Eleanor 

Thomas 

Anne 


London 

Parish 

Place 

Strand 

CornhiU 

Whitehall 

Holborn 

Ludgate 

Newington 

Aldgate 

Paddington 

Kenningtoa 

Brixton 

Pancras 

Stepney 

Hackney 

Peckham 

Clapham 

Lambeth 

Battersea 

Fulham 

Shadwell 

Kensington 

Knightsbridge 

Stockwell 

Holloway 

Poplar 

Hampstead 

Haggerstone 

Blackwall 

Deptford 

Erith 

Kilbura 

Harrow 

Norwood 

Sydenham 

Richmond 

Kew 

Ilorasey 

Ilounslow 

Kingsland 


k3 


LEWES: 
PRINTED  BY  GEORGE  P.  BACON, 

SUSSEX   ADVERTISEn  OFFICE. 


MR.  LOWER'S   WORKS. 


Li  2  vols.,  2)0!it  Si^o,  imcc  Vis.     Third  edition,  greatly  enlarged. 

©nglisi)  ^UVnanU-S;  an  Essay  on  Family  Nomenclature:  His- 
torical, Etymological,  and  Humorous. 

This  new  and  much-improved  edition,  besides  a  great  enlargement  of  the  chapters 
contained  in  the  previous  editions,  comprises  several  that  are  entirely  new,  together 
with  Notes  on  Scottish,  Irish,  and  Norman  Surnames.  The  "Additional  Prolusions," 
besides  the  articles  on  Rebuses,  Allusive  Anns,  and  the  Roll  of  Battel  Abbey,  contain 
Dissertations  on  Inn  Signs,  and  Remarks  on  Christian  Names:  with  a  copious  Index 
of  many  thousand  names.  These  features  render  '  English  Surnames'  rather  a  new 
work  than  a  new  edition. 

"  The  curious  in  names  may  consult  Mr.  Lower's  learned  and  ingenious  work  on  Surnames."— 
Quarterly  lieview. 

"  A  curious,  ingenious,  and  amusing  book.  Mr.  Lower  brings  considerable  knowledge  to  bear 
both  in  his  general  history  of  the  use  of  Surnames  iu  England,  and  in  his  chapters  on  the  different 
ways  in  which  particular  classes  of  names  have  originated  from  names  of  places,  occupations,  dig- 
nities, offices,  personal  and  mental  qualities,  &c." — Spectator. 

"  This  book  is  highly  creditable  to  the  talents  and  industiy  of  the  author.  It  is  full  of  curious 
antiquarian  information." — Scotsinan. 

"  This  is  a  curious  work,  and  full  of  diversified  matter,  which  comes  home  to  everybody  both  in 
the  way  of  information  and  amusement." — Literary  Gazette. 

In  1  vol.,  8i'o,  crimson  cloth,  price  Us. 

(ttUn'OBltirS  of  iDrValbri);  with  illustrations  fromOW  English 
Writers ;  with  an  Illuminated  Title-page,  and  numerous  Wood-engravings  from  De- 
signs by  the  Author. 

This  work  is  one  of  the  principal  authorities  made  use  of  by  the  compiler  of 
Parker's  '  Glossary  of  Heraldry,'  which  is  printed  uniformly  with  it,  and  similarly 
illustrated.  The  two  works  should  accompany  each  other.  For  the  student  of  the 
"Noble  Science,"  a  treatise  like  Parker's  is  necessary  for  matters  of  detail;  while 
one  who  wishes  for  a  copious,  continuous,  and  philosophical  view  of  Heraldry,  and 
its  connection  with  the  history  and  maimers  of  the  middle  ages,  will  be  amply  grati- 
fied by  a  perusal  of  the  '  Curiosities  of  Heraldry.' 

"  The  present  volume  is  truly  a  worthy  sequel  to  the  '  Surnames,'  in  the  same  curious  and  anti- 
quarian line,  blending  with  remarkable  facts  and  intelligence  such  a  fund  of  amusing  anecdote 
and  illustration,  that  the  reader  is  almost  surprised  to  find  that  he  has  learnt  so  much,  whilst  he 
appeared  to  be  pursuing  mere  entertainment.  The  text  Is  so  pleasing,  tliat  we  scarcely  dream  of 
its  sterling  value  ;  and  it  seems  as  if,  iu  unison  with  the  woodcuts,  which  so  cleverly  explain  its 
points  and  adorn  its  various  topics,  the  whole  design  were  intended  for  a  relaxation  from  study, 
ratlier  than  an  ample  exjiositiou  of  an  extraordinai^y  and  universal  custom,  which  produced  the 
most  important  effects  upon  the  minds  and  habits  of  mankind." — Literary  Gazette. 

"  We  can  fairly  recommend  the  '  Curiosities  of  Heraldi-y '  to  all  %\ho  feel  interested  iu  the  litera- 
ture, the  architecture,  the  costume,  or  the  manners  of  the  middle  ages.  We  know  not  where  to 
find  a  manual  which  contains  so  much  tliat  is  instructive,  displayed  iu  a  form  so  attractive." — 
Tablet. 

"  This  amusing  and  in.structive  \vrlter. "—Quartej-ly  Revien;  April,  1860. 

In  1  vol.,  8vo,  cloth,  95. 

(irfjrOniClC    of    Battel    HlltCp   in  Sussex,  from  the  Yow  of  its 

Foundation  by  William  the  Conqueror,  at  the  Battle  of  Hastings,  10G6,  to  the  year 
1176.  Originally  compiled  in  Latin  by  a  Monk  of  the  Establishment,  and  now  first 
translated  from  a  MS.  in  the  British  Museum, 

This  volume,  among  other  matters  of  local  and  general  interest,  embraces — New 
Facts  relative  to  theNorman  Invasion — the  Foundation  of  the  Monastery — the  Names 
and  Rentals  of  the  Original  Townsmen  of  Battel — 3Iemoirs  of  several  Abbots,  and 
Notices  of  their  Disputes  with  the  Bishops  of  Chichester  respecting  Jurisdiction — 
the  Abbey's  possessions — a  Speech  of  Thomas  Becket,  then  Chancellor  of  England, 
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and  are  therefore  enabled  to  judge  of  the  difficulties  the  translator  had  to  contend  with.  *  *  « 
The  volume  is  admirably  brought  out.  As  a  literai-y  and  antiquarian  work  of  very  great  interest, 
the  manner  in  which  it  has  been  translated,  &c.,  reflects  great  credit  on  its  learned  editor."— 
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QiOUtVllUltlOnS    to    JlltCratUre^    Historical,  Antiquarian,  and 
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Contents.  I. — On  Local  Nomenclature.  II. — On  the  Battle  of  Hastings — an 
Historical  Essay.  III. — The  Lord  Dacre,  his  mournful  end — a  Ballad.  IV. — His- 
torical and  ArchEEological  Memoir  on  the  Iron  Works  of  the  South  of  England — with 
numemis  iUustrations.  V. — Winchelsea's  Deliverance;  or,  the  St^3ut  Abbot  of  Bat- 
tayle — in  Three  Fyttes.  VI. — The  South  Downs — a  Sketch,  Historical,  Anecdotical, 
and  Descriptive.  VII. — On  Yew  Trees  in  Church-yards.  VIII. — A  Lyttel  Geste  of 
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