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driemaandelijks tijdschrift van de

VLAAMSE VERENIGING VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE

Afgiftekantoor 2170 Merksem 1 ISSN 0771-5277

Periode: juli - augustus - september 2012 Erkenningsnr. P209674

Redactie: Dr. J.-P. Borie (Compiègne, France), Dr. L. De Bruyn (Antwerpen), T. C. Garrevoet
(Antwerpen), B. Goater (Chandlers Ford, England), Dr. K. Maes (Tervuren), Dr. K. Martens
(Brussel), Fl. van Oorschot (Leiden), W. O. De Prins (Leefdaal).

Redactie-adres: W. O. De Prins, Dorpstraat 401B, B-3061 Leefdaal (Belgium).
willy.deprins@gmail.com. Uitgegeven met de steun van de provincie Antwerpen.

Jaargang 40, nummer 3
1 september 2012

Ypwima asverope (Klug, 1832) - see page 65

Troukens, W.: Een tropische verstekeling uit Mallorca: de palmmot Paysandisia archon (Lepidoptera:

Castniidae) 62

Wullaert S.: Phyllonorycter issikii (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), new to the Belgian fauna 63

Cuvelier S. & Mpigaard M. S.: Butterflies and Skippers in the Dodecanese Islands (Greece): new data
and an update on their distribution (Lepidoptera: Flesperioidea & Papilionoidea) 66

?:P 2 0 2012

Phegea 40 (3) Ol.ix.2012: 61

Een tropische verstekeling uit Mallorca: de palmmot Paysandisia archon
(Lepidoptera: Castniidae)

Willy Troukens

Samenvatting. Een wijfe van Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1880) werd op 10 septmber 2011 aangetroffen te Hamme
(Oost-Vlaanderen). Er wordt verondersteld dat dit dier ingevoerd werd met palmbomen uit Mallorca.

Abstract. A subtropical stowaway from Mallorca: the palm moth Paysandisia archon (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)

A female of Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1880) was caught on 10 Septeber 2011 at Hamme (Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium). It is
supposed to be introduced with some imported palmtrees from Mallorca.

Résumé. Un visiteur tropical venu de Mallorca: Ie clandestin des palmiers, Paysandisia archon (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)

Une femelle de Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1880) fut capturée Ie 10 septembre 2011 a Hamme (Oost-Vlaanderen,
Belgique). C'est a peu pr^'t certain qu'lle a été introduite avec quelques palmiers importés de Mallorca.

Key words: Castniidae - Paysandisia archon - Belgium - Faunistics - Introduced species.

Troukens, W.: Ninoofsesteenweg 782/8, B-1070 Anderlecht.

Aan het artikel van Coutsis (2012) over Paysandisia
archon (Burmeister, 1880) kan volgende anekdote
worden toegevoegd. Op 10 september 2011 zat een
echtpaar op het terrasje van café "De Buren" te Hamme
(Oost-Vlaanderen) toen er plots een grote vlinder kwam
aangefladderd en rondjes begon te draaien boven een
begoniaperk. De man besefte dat het om een ongewoon
insect ging en ving de vlinder. Wat later kwam die
terecht bij insectenliefhebber René Pletinck. Tot diens
grote verbazing bleek het hier te gaan om de exotische
palmmot, P. archon.

Hoe deze vlinder hier verzeild geraakt is, was
gemakkelijk te achterhalen. De eigenaar van het café had
vroeger een restaurant in Mallorca. Hij liet van daar
enkele plambomen overkomen om ze te planten bij zijn
café te Hamme. Het is dus haast zeker dat daar minstens
één vlinderpop heeft ingezeten. Vandaar deze ongewone
vondst.

Fig. 1. Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1880), Belgium,
Oost-Vlaanderen, Hamme, 10. ix. 2011, foto: R. Pletinck.

Bibliografie

Coutsis J. G. 2012. Paysandisia archon, new to Paros Island, Greece (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). — Phegea 40(lb): 25-26.

Phegeo 40 (3) Ol.ix.2012: 62

Phyllonorycter issikii (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), new to the Belgian
fauna

Steve Wullaert

Abstract. On 29 October 2011, some leaf mines of Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata, 1963) were found on Tilia cordata at
Zutendaal (province of Limburg). This is the first record of this species for the Belgian fauna. Some data on the distribution and
the biology are presented.

Samenvatting. Phyllonorycter issikii (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), nieuw voor de Belgische fauna
Op 29.x. 2011 werden op het domein De Lieteberg, Zutendaal (prov. Limburg) enkele bladmijnen van Phyllonorycter issikii
(Kumata, 1963) verzameld. Dit is de eerste melding van deze soort voor de Belgische fauna. Gegevens over de verspreiding en
de biologie worden meegedeeld.

Résumé. Phyllonorycter issikii (Lepidoptera; Gracillariidae), espèce nouvelle pour la faune beige
Le 29 octobre 2011 quelques mines de Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata, 1963) ont été trouvées a Zutendaal (Limburg). II s'agït
d'une espèce nouvelle pour la faune beige. Des informations concernant la distribution et la biologie de cette espèce sont
présentées.

Key words: Phyllonorycter issikii - Faunistics - First record - Belgium.

Wullaert, S.: Vaartstraat 18, B-8710 Wielsbeke, Belgium. sw.demijnen@gmail.com

Introduction

2011 was an interesting year for the leaf miners
workgroup. We made 23 excursions that year. A lot of
those excursions were in autumn, especially because leaf
mines are more abundant in that period of the year. The
weekend of 29 and 30 October we made two different
excursions, one on Saturday the 29th, were we went to
Ham and to Zutendaal (province of Limburg). The 30th
we visited several places in Antwerp and East-Flanders.
Three years of searching with our leaf miners workgroup
was finally rewarded! On the domain Lieteberg we found
several mines of Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata, 1963) on
Tilia cordata. All the mines were vacated and some of
them had a pupa sticking out of the under epidermis
(Figs. 2, 3). It was very likely to expect the species in
Belgium near the German or Dutch border, because the
species was expanding its range westwards, coming from
the east over Germany to Holland and now into Belgium.
In Europe there are 151 different species in the genus
Phyllonorycter Hübner 1822, family Gracillariidae (Buszko
2012), of which 59 are present in Belgium (De Prins &
Steeman 2012). With Phyllonorycter issikii we reach 60
species within the genus Phyllonorycter.

Biology

The larva makes rather large elliptical lower-surface
tentiform mines between two veins, almost without any
folds in the epidermis (Figs. 2, 3). Often there are several
mines on one leaf. Leaves with numerous mines are
deformed. The average number of mines can reach 4 to 6
mines per leaf, but a maximum of 27 mines per leaf has
already been observed (Koziov 1991, Oriinskii et al.
1991). The frass within the mine is concentrated in a

corner; when the leaf is held towards a light source the
pile of black frass is clearly visible (Figs. 3, 8). Early mines
are very difficult to detect. When the larva reaches the
4th and 5th instar, the mines are clearly visible to the
eye. The 5th instar larva eats out little islands in the
palisade parenchyma so that whitish dots are seen on
the upper side of the mine (Sefrova 2002). The females
lay their eggs on leaves situated in the shadow (Noreika
1998). They usually prefer to select the lower branches
or the undergrowth (Sefrova 2002). Phyllonorycter issikii
feeds in their native area on Tilia maximowicziana, T.
kiussiana, T. japonica (in Japan), T. amurensis (far eastern
Russia) and T. mandshurica (in Korea) (De Prins & De
Prins 2012). In Europe it feeds on T. cordata and T.
platyphyllos but also on their crosses, such as Tilia x
euchlora and x vulgaris (Noreika 1998, Lees 2010). The
adults fly in two generations: at the end of April and May
and again in August and September (Noreika 1998)
whereby the 2nd generation adults hibernate (Sefrova

2002) . Hibernating adults are to be found in the bark
slots, crevices under bark and in other shelters (Sefrova

2003) . In the North the first generation is found much
later, probably because of colder weather during spring
(Bengtsson 2011). Habited mines can be found in May
until half June and again from the end of July until the
end of September (Schreurs & Muus 2009). The adults
are seasonally dimorphic, there is a aestival form and a
autumnal form. The aestival or spring form is orange
brown with certain dark costal and dorsal shades, while
the autumnal form is much darker. The forewing is
covered with black, dark beige and white scales, making
the moth mottled (Bengtsson 2011). This striking
habitual seasonal difference is possibly due to the fact
that the hibernating adults easily escape the attention of
their predators in overwintering shelters (Sefrova 2002).

Phegea 40 (3) Ol.ix.2012: 63

Figs. 1-8. Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata, 1963) mines on Tilia cordata. Zutendaal, (Belgium, Limburg), 29.x. 2011, leg. Leaf miners group, (photos 1-
4 S. Wullaert, photos 5-8 C. Snyers).

Phegea 40 (3) Ol.ix.2012: 64

Oistribution

Phyllonorycter issikii was originally described from
Japan, on the island of Hokkaido by Kumata in 1963 and
it was found later on some other islands of Japan and in
Korea and eastern China. It seems that the species was
introduced during the 1980s into Moscow or other towns
of the European part of the USSR, since then the species
is spreading westwards (Sefrova 2002). From 1996
onwards the species spread rapidly throughout eastern
Europe; it was found in the same year in south-eastern
Roland, in 1997 in Lithuania (Bengtsson 2011) and in
Belarus and Latvia in 1998 (Buszko et al. 2000, Buszko &
Nowacki 2000). In 2000 the first mines in the Czech and
Slovak Republics were found (Sefrova et al. 2000) but
also in northern Austria and northern Hungary (Sefrova
2002). In 2001 the species reached eastern Germany
(Graf et al. 2002). In 2002 it was found in Finland. And in
2003 it was found for the first time in Estland (Bengtsson
2011). From 2005 on the species had spread well into
parts of middle and western Germany: in Bayern, Furth
im Wald (2005); in Rheinland-Pfalz, Ober-Olmer Wald
(2006); in Thüringen, Weimar-Waldstadt (2008)

(Lepiforum 2012). In 2007 the species reached the north-
eastern part of France (Reinhardt & Rennwald 2008). In
2009 the species was found for the first time in the
Benelux. In Posterholt (The Netherlands), Arnold
Schreurs en Martien van Stiphout found the first mines
on 21st September 2009 (Schreurs & Muus 2009).
Posterholt is a village very close to the Belgium border,
so Belgium was the logical following country were the
species occurred and it is presumable that Phyllonorycter
issikii will spread further into Europe during the following
years. Larger countries like Spain, Portugal, Great-
Britain, Norway and Sweden are still missing the species
(Buszko 2012).

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Dries De Vreeze and Chris Snyers
who accompanied me during the excursions, Raymond
Lambie who provided the permission to make
inventories in Lieteberg, and the whole team of
volunteers working at the domain Lieteberg. Also I would
like to thank Willy De Prins who commented upon this
paper.

References

Bengtsson B. A., Johansson R. & Palmqvist G. 2011. Nationainyckelen till Sveriges flora och fauna. Fjarilar: Bronsmalar -
rullvingemalar. Lepidoptera: Roeslerstammiidae - Lyonetidae. — ArtDatabanken, SLU, Uppsala.

Buszko J. 2012. Fauna Europaea: Gracillariidae. - In: Karsholt O. & van Nieukerken, E. J. (eds.) Lepidoptera, Moths, Fauna Europaea
version 2.4, www.faunaeur.org (accessed on 25 April 2012).

Buszko J. & Nowacki J. 2000. The Lepidoptera of Roland. A distributional checklist. — Polish entomological Monographs 1: 1-178.

Buszko J., Sefrova H. & Lastüvka Z. 2000. Invasive species of Lithocolletinae in Europe and their spreading (Gracillariidae), p. 22-23.
XII European Congress of Lepidopterology SEL., Programma and Abstracts. Bialowieza (Roland) 29 May - 2 June 2000, 91pp.

De Prins W. & Steeman C. 2011. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Belgium. — www.phegea.org (accessed on 25 April 2012).

De Prins J. & De Prins W. Global taxonomie database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). — www.gracillariidae.net (accessed on 27 April
2012).

Graf F., Leutsch Fl., Nuss M., Stübner A. & Walter S. 2002. Aktuelle Daten zur Kleinschmetterlingsfauna von Sachsen mit Flinweisen
zu anderen Bundeslandern (Lep.). III. — Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte 46: 99-104.

Koziov M. V. 1991. Leaf miner moth - a pest of lime. — Zashchita Rastenii 11: 46.

Lees D. 2010. Phyllonorycter issikii. - In: Roques A. & Lees D. (Eds.) Biorisk 4(2): 855-1021.

Lepiforum 2012. Bestimmungshilfe für die in Europa nachgewiesenen Schmetterlingsarten. — www.lepiforum.de (accessed on 25
April 2012).

Noreika R. 1998. Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata, 1963) in Lithuania. — Acta Zoologica Lituanica. Entomologie 8(3): 34-37.

Oriinskii A. D., Shaharamanov I. K., Muhanov S. J. & Masliakov V. Y. 1991. Potential quarantine forest pests in the USSR. —
Zashchita Rastenii 11: 37-42.

Reinhardt R. & Rennwald E. 2008. Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata, 1963) jetzt auch in Sachsen-Anhalt - mit einem Überblick über den
gegenwartigen Stand der Arealerweiterung in Deutschland (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). — Entomologische Nachrichten und
Berichte 51: 233.

Schreurs A. & MuusT. 2012. De lindevouwmijnmot, Phyllonorycter issikii, ook in Nederland. — www.microlepidoptera.nl (accessed
on 25 April 2012).

Sefrova Fl., Lastüvka A. & Petrü M. 2000. Faunistic records from the Czech Republic - 122. Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae. —
Klapalekiana 36(4): 326.

Sefrova Fl. 2002. Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata, 1963) - Bionomics, ecological impact and spread in Europe - Acta universitatis
agriculturae et silviculturae. Mendel. Brun., 50(3): 99-104.

Sefrova Fl. 2003. Invasions of Lithocolletinae species in Europe - causes, kinds, limits and ecological impact (Lepidoptera,
Gracillariidae). — Ekológia, Bratislava 22(2): 132-142.

Phegea 40 (3) Ol.ix.2012: 65

Butterflies and Skippers in the Dodecanese Islands (Greece): new data
and an update on their distribution (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea &
Papilionoidea)

Sylvain Cuvelier & Morten Schneider M0lgaard

Abstract. The Dodecanese, the most southerly group of Greek islands in the Aegean Sea, cover a large geographical area
and are situated near the mainland of Turkey. The distribution of butterflies on the 12 main islands of the archipelago has been
previously studied but considerable gaps in territorial and temporal coverage remain. Many species of butterflies and skippers
have a distribution that shows low population densities and various species could easily have been overlooked in the past. In
2011 both authors obtained new data regarding the distribution of different butterfly species and gathered unpublished
observations from colleagues. Doubtful and/or data-deficient records are analysed. An updated overview of the Dodecanese
butterfly distribution with comparison to the literature is provided.

Samenvatting. Dagvlinders en Dikkopjes in de Dodekanesos (Griekenland): Nieuwe gegevens en een overzicht betreffende
de verspreiding (Lepidoptera: Hesperidioidea & Papilionoidea)

De Dodekanesos, de meest zuidelijk gelegen groep Griekse eilanden in de Egeïsche Zee, bestrijkt een groot geografisch gebied
en bevindt zich dicht bij het Turkse vasteland. De verspreiding van de dagvlinders op de twaalf belangrijkste eilanden van de
archipel werd voorheen al onderzocht maar er blijven belangrijke hiaten in territoriale en temporale dekking. Veel soorten
dagvlinders en dikkopjes hebben er een lage populatiedichtheid en verschillende soorten konden in het verleden gemakkelijk
over het hoofd gezien zijn. In 2011 vonden de twee auteurs nieuwe gegevens over de verspreiding van verschillende
dagvlindersoorten en verzamelden onuitgegeven observaties van collega's. Twijfelachtige en/of onvoldoende
gedocumenteerde gegevens worden geanalyseerd. Een geactualiseerd overzicht, in vergelijking tot de literatuur over de
verspreiding van de dagvlinders in de Dodekanesos, is voorzien.

Resumé. Dagsommerfugle pa De Dodekanesiske 0er (Graekenland): Nye oplysninger og en opdatering af udbredelsen
(Lepidoptera: Hesperidioidea & Papilionoidea)

De Dodekanesiske 0er, den sydiigst beliggende gruppe af grsske per i Det /Egaeiske Hav, daekker et stort geografisk areal og
ligger naer det tyrkiske fastland. Dagsommerfuglenes udbredelse pa de 12 stprste af disse per er hidtil blevet studeret, men
hidtil med betydelige huiler geografisk og tidsmaessigt. Mange dagsommerrfuglearter har en udbredelse med lav
populationstaethed, og adskillige arter har let kunnet blive overset. I 2011 tilvejebragte denne artikels forfattere nye
oplysninger vedrprende forskellige dagsommerfuglearters udbredelse og indsamlede tillige nogle endnu upublicerede
oplysninger fra kolleger. Tvivisomme og/eller manglende oplysninger bliver analyseret. Et opdateret overblik over de
dodekanesiske dagsommerfugles udbredelse sammenlignet med litteraturen bliver praesenteret.

Key words: Greece - Dodecanese Islands - Rhopalocera - Spialia orbifer - Carcharodus stauderi - Thymelicus lineola -
Thymelicus hyrax - Pelopidas thrax - Pontia edusa - Colias croceus f. erateformis - Gonepteryx cleopatra fiorii mosaic
gynandromorph - Lampides boeticus - Pseudophilotes vicrama - Glaucopsyche alexis - Melitaea trivia - Hipparchia senthes
- Hipparchia statilinus - Hyponephele lupina - Ypthima asterope - distribution - faunistics.

Cuvelier, S. H.: Diamantstraat 4, 8900 leper, Belgium. sylvain.cuvelier@pandora.be
Mpigaard, M. S.: Gertrud Rasks Vej 86, DK-9210 Aalborg S0, Denmark, msm2@stofanet.dk

Introduction

The Dodecanese are the most southerly group of
Greek islands in the SE Aegean Sea, lying east of the
Cyclades, west of the coast of Asia Minor and northeast
of Kriti. The name "Dodecanese" means "Twelve Islands"
although there are more than twelve. These twelve main
islands are: Astipalea, Kalimnos, Karpathos, Kasos,
Kasteilórizo (= Megi'sti), Kos, Léros, Nisiros, Patmos,
Ródos, Simi and Ti'los (Fig. 1). Such archipelagos offer an
interesting pattern of species diversity and are suitable
for observing evolutionary events (Dennis et al. 2000).
Long term isolation on islands can lead to endemism at
species or subspecies level and is indicative of geological
or historical events. Relict populations of species also
provide clues for such events.

Extensive surveys on the butterfly distribution in the
Dodecanese and nearby islands of the Aegean
Archipelago plus adjacent Turkey were carried out in the
recent past. Many species show low population density
as in the rest of the Greek islands. Species can easily be

missed despite a number of visits to specific islands and
have higher risks of extinction due to human activity.

An interesting publication on the butterfly diversity of
the whole Aegean archipelago gave a good synthesis for
the Dodecanese islands (Dennis et al. 2000). A model,
using a set of geographical variables, examined the
probability of species to be further expected for the
Aegean islands (Dennis et al. 2001) including the twelve
Dodecanese islands.

Since then new data have been published by different
authors (Mpigaard 2002, Coutsis 2005, Coutsis &
Ghavalas 2006, Cuvelier 2009, Anastassiu et al. 2010,
John et al. 2010, Mpigaard 2010, Coutsis & Anastassiu
2011), as well as a new overview, with distribution maps
for all butterfly species of Greece, including the twelve
islands of the Dodecanese (Pamperis 2009). It is however
clear that there remain big gaps in territorial and
temporal coverage. For future updates collecting of
voucher specimens concerning species considered to be
new records for islands is needed, as these might also be

Phegea 40 (3) Ol.ix.2012: 66

useful for DNA-based identifications and also to
establishing interrelationships with other populations.

During a partly joint field trip from 2.vi.2011 to
18. vi. 2011 the authors visited different islands in the
Dodecanese in order to study the entomological fauna.
This article is a contribution to increase the knowledge
on the distribution of the Rhopalocera in the Dodecanese
islands and includes additional Information provided by
different colleagues. Special attention is paid to 16
species with new and/or unpublished data. Literature
was also screened and some comments and/or
additional Information are given on specific records. All
observations from the field trip are presented (Table 1 &
2) and an updated overview (Table 3) of the butterfly
distribution in the twelve major Dodecanese islands is
included.

Methods

From 2.vi.2011 to 11. vi. 2011 the first author
investigated different localities in Kos, Nisiros, Ti'los and
Karpathos (Table 1). From 12. vi. 2011 to 18. vi. 2011 both
authors investigated various localities in Ródos and Simi
(Table 2). Coordinates and altitudes of alt localities were
measured with a GPS (Garmin eTrex Legend C).

Unpublished observation data from colleagues who
recently visited the Dodecanese islands, were gathered
by both authors and are included in the notes and in the
updated overview (Table 3).

Available literature was also screened. Every
unexpected and/or doubtful record from literature was
doublé checked and is commented upon.

s i "

«»ir,

TUR

KE Y

X}.

. I

HO ^

KRÏTlf

i '

Fig, 1. Map of Dodecanese
islands with adjacent parts of
other island archipelagos and
Turkey.

Legend:

A: Astipalea
B: Kalimnos
C: Karpathos
D: Kasos
E: Kasteilórizo
F: Kos
G: Léros
H: Nisiros
I: Patmos
J: Ródos
K: Simi
L; Tilos

Notes from personal observations and from
colleagues

Spialia orbif er (Hübner, 1823). New to Karpathos.

On 11. vi. 2011 the first author collected one worn
male S. orbifer at 700 m attitude in a phrygana habitat on
the way up to the Kali' Li'mni (summit of Karpathos, 1215
m). Other species seen in this locality were C. croceus, V.
atalanta, M. telmessia and P. icarus.

The species wasn't predicted for this island (Dennis et
al. 2001) and was till now only known from 4 Greek
islands of the Dodecanese, all nearby the Turkish coast.
The nearest island is Ródos where the species is quite
widespread (Olivier 1993, Pamperis 2009). S. orbifer is

also known from Turkish Coastal localities (Flesselbarth et
al. 1995).

Carcharodus stauderi (Reverdin, 1913)

Recently it was stated that there were no published
records of C. stauderi, as far as known to the authors, for
Simi (Coutsis & Anastassiu 2011). They referred to a
specimen, identified by genitalia, collected at 50 m on
2.vi.l993 by A. Olivier, now deposited in the collection of
N. Ghavalas, Athens, Greece. The presence was however
already mentioned before (Dennis et al. 2000) and as A.
Olivier is one of the co-authors, it looks probable that
this was the origin. Confirmation is given by our own
observations (Table 2) and by T. Friis-Larsen (pers.

Phegea 40 (3) Ol.ix.2012: 67

communication) who also observed C. stauderi in the
vicinity of Si'mi harbour.

Thymelicus hyrax (Lederer, 1861). New to Simi.

In the recent Greek distribution maps (Pamperis
2009) there is neither an indication for Si'mi nor is the
species mentioned in a very recent article (Coutsis &
Anastassiu 2011).

During our stay in Si'mi the first author collected 2
males and 4 females of T. hyrax. The single-brooded
species was quite common but at the end of the flight
period. We only found the species in one locality, north
of Simi harbour on 14. vi. 2011.

The species was predicted with >50 % probability for
Simi in a multiple discriminant analysis based on
geographic variables but regarded as uniikely in the text
and appendix 2 (Dennis et al. 2001).

The species is known from Ródos (Olivier 1993,
Pamperis 2009) and reconfirmed by M. Gascoigne-Pees
who observed worn males on 24.V.2002 on Mt. Marmari.
T. hyrax has also been found in some localities of the
nearby Turkish coast (Hesselbarth et al. 1995).

Thymelicus lineola (Ochsenheimer, 1808)

In his observation list, J. Walterus took note of one
specimen T. lineola seen at Tingaki Lagoon, Kos, on
16. vi. 2011. This was totally unexpected because this
species is known only from the Greek mainland
(Pamperis 2009). Both T. sylvestris and T. acteon have
however been observed in Kos by different
entomologists. Along the adjacent Turkish coast T. lineola
has not been documented (Hesselbarth et al. 1995).

More Information was considered mandatory and a
photograph of the specimen and the tip of the antenna
were requested.

Following details were first given by J. Walterus
(email 18.viii.2011): "T. lineola in Kos - Tingaki Lagoon:
butterfly caught and determined on the spot 100 %
certain lineola, but not taken home - specimen had
damaged wings caused by the present dragonflies."
Insisting to know more, precise Information was
requested in order to know exactly how the
Identification was made. Additional details were again
provided (email 19.viii.2011): "Butterfly caught with the
net, antennae: underside black (orange yellow for
sylvestris)."

Taking into consideration the actual known
distribution in Greece and in Turkey, the absence of a
voucher specimen and the described way of how
Identification was made, this is considered as very
doubtful and therefore T. lineola is included in the
updated overview (Table 3) with a question mark.

Although Lésvos is no part of the Dodecanese
archipelago it is worth mentioning that the presence of T.
lineola is also given in a species list for this Aegean island:
(http://home.zonnet.nl/lesvos/vlinders.htm). In a first
answer (email 31.viii.2011), S. van Leeuwen informed
that the Identification was done on the spot by Visual
inspection of the underside of the tip of the antennae.
However again no photograph was available for control.

5. van Leeuwen wrote that T. lineola was present in low
numbers in a strong population of T. sylvestris.

Additional Information (email l.ix.2011) was given:
butterflies observed only once during a walk from
Agiasos to Asómatos on 16. v. 2006 and stating in this last
reply not to be 100 % certain of the Identification.

Also this Information asks for substantiated
confirmation before it can be considered that the species
is indeed present in Lésvos.

Pelopidas thrax (Hübner, 1821)

During his two stays in Kos from 30. ix. 2010 to

6. x. 2010 (Walterus & Walterus 2011) and from
14. ix. 2011 to 21. ix. 2011, J. Walterus (pers. comm.)
observed the species on the northern side of the island:

- Psah'di, E of Kos town, 1.x. 2010: 1 sp.; 3.x. 2010: 1
sp.; 5.x. 2010: 2 sp.

-Troülos Beach, 1.x. 2010: 1 sp.

- Between Troülos and Zipari, 5.x. 2010: 1 sp.

- Tingaki lagoon, 17. ix. 2011: 1 sp.; 20. ix. 2011: 1 sp.;
21.ix.2011: 2 sp.

This confirms the presence of the species in Kos
(Cuvelier 2009). One of the specimens collected in 2011
by Walterus had not yet fully developed wings, giving
further support to the fact that P. thrax is resident in Kos.

Pontia edusa (Fabricius, 1777). New to Si'mi.

The second author observed the species in one
locality north of Simi harbour on 14.vi.2011. Analyzing
the literature, we only found an indication expressed by
a blue dot (= at least one record from the bibliography) in
the recent distribution map (Pamperis 2009) but were
not aware of the source of Information. Trying to
elucidate this unclear situation, we contacted L.
Pamperis who replied: "For P. edusa Dennis Entomologist
Gazette 52/2001 pages 3-39). My mistake because of
prediction more than 50%. Blue dot should be replaced
by ?"

Thus the observation of the second author is the first
for this island and confirms the prediction with >50%
probability (Dennis et al. 2001). P. edusa is now
documented for 10 of the 12 islands and is present on
the nearby Turkish coast (Hesselbarth et al. 1995).

Colias croceus (Fourcroy, 1785) f. erateformis
Niculescu, 1976

On 15. vi. 2011, on the Southern side of the Profitis
Ilias, Ródos Island, and at an altitude of 650 m, the first
author collected a worn, lemon yellow, male Colias (Plate
1: 1) that reminded of the rare observations of C croceus
f. erateformis in Cyprus (John et al. 2006). Two typical
male C. croceus were also collected by the first author,
flying in the same locality. Another specimen with
intermediate colour was also collected by the second
author in the same locality on the same date.

The final Identification as C. croceus f. erateformis, of
the specimens in Cyprus, was based on the male genitalia
(John et al. 2006). Specimens with intermediate wing
pattern and/or genitalia have been documented from
localities where C. croceus and C. erate fly together, what
might be due to hybridization (e.g. Dinca et al. 2011).

Phegea 40 (3) Ol.ix.2012: 68

However, identification based on male genitalia is
reliable when lts morphology is typical of one or the
other species and, furthermore, if in a given geographic
area only C. croceus is present. As the nearest
observations of C. erote are from European Turkey and
as this species expands to the north-west in good years,
it is uniikely that it should appear in the Dodecanese.
Thus, typical C. croceus genitalia were expected. The

male genitalia of the lemon yellow specimen (Fig. 2c) and
of two typical males (Fig. 2a & 2b) from the same locality
and date were dissected and photographed by V. Dinca.
The three preparations indeed show the expected wide
head of the valve and the evenly curved posterior border
without angle that is typical for C. croceus.

Fig. 2. Lateral view of male
genitalia of Colias croceus
(phallus and left vaiva removed
in all cases): a.- Typical male C.
croceus (genit, prep.
1772/Dinca); b.- Typical male
C. croceus (genit. prep.
1773/Dinca); c.- C. croceus
forma erateformis (genit. prep.
1774/Dinca). All specimens
collected in Ródos, Profitis
Ilias, 650 m, 15.vi. 2011 (leg. S.
Cuvelier).

Gonepteryx cleopatra fiorii (Turati & Fiori, 1930)

On 16.vi.2011, the second author collected a mosaic
gynandromorph of 6. cleopatra fiorii on the eastern
slope of Mt. Ataviros, 1 km south of the village of Agios
Isidoros, Ródos. The specimen was found in a typical
habitat of this species: phrygana with flowers and rocks.
One half of the upperside and underside of the specimen
has a normal male wing pattern but the other half shows
the light yellow female ground color with a few patches
of the deep orange male color on the forewing and
mainly in the cell (Plate 1: 2).

So far, it is the only gynandromorph specimen of 6.
cleopatra fiorii known in literature and such specimens
are obviously rare.

Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus, 1767)

In a recent article, this species was not mentioned for
Simi (Coutsis & Anastassiu 2011) but is given as a
personal observation (Pamperis 2009).

Near the summit of Vigla, 612 m altitude, M.
Gascoigne-Pees also observed L. boeticus on 30. v. 2002
(pers. comm.). This seems the first record for the island
as we were informed by L. Pamperis that he found the
species at Ano Simi on 21.x. 2004 at 100-150 m (pers.
comm.).

The presence of the species on Simi was predicted
with >50% probability (Dennis et al. 2001). The species is
known from 10 Dodecanese islands and has also been
recorded on the nearby Turkish coast (Hesselbarth et al.
1995).

Pseudophilotes vicrama (klemming, 1929) New to
Simi.

This small species must be quite easily overlooked as
it was not recorded for Kos despite different explorations
of the island summarized in an excellent review article
(Olivier & De Prins 1996) and only documented later
(Olivier 1998).

This also seems to be the case for Simi that was
visited by several entomologists at different times of the
year but the butterfly wasn't recorded in a recent article
(Coutsis & Anastassiu 2011). There is also no indication
for Simi in the recently published map (Pamperis 2009).

The second author received info from A. Viborg
concerning the observation of P. vicrama, on 28. v. 2011,
above the harbour of Simi (pers. comm.).

The occurrence of the species was predicted with
>50% probability (Dennis et al. 2001) and is now known
from 11 islands in the Dodecanese. This is in striking
contrast with the absence of this species from the nearby
Turkish coast (Flesselbarth et al. 1995). This is probably
again due to the fact that the species is easily
overlooked.

Glaucopsyche alexis (Poda, 1761). New to Nisiros.

J. Walterus observed a male 6. alexis and collected a
worn female on 23. vi. 2011 in a flowery area with dense
vegetation, between Mandraki and Loutra, Nisiros. After
determination the worn specimen wasn't however kept
as voucher specimen. This is in line with a prediction
>50% probability for Nisiros (Dennis et al. 2001). Recently
the species has also been documented for Karpathos
(Pamperis 2009). The species is now known from half of
the Dodecanese islands and is present along the nearby
Turkish coast.

Phegea 40 (3) 01. ix. 2012: 69

Melitaea trivia (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775). New
to Ni'siros.

On 23. vi. 2011 J. Walterus collected one, not perfectly
fresh, male specimen in Ni'siros between Mandraki and
Loutra, in an area with bare soil and sparse vegetation.
Photographs were sent of upper and underside for
confirmation. M. trivia was not predicted for this island
(Dennis et al. 2001) but is present in different localities
on the nearby island Kos (Olivier & De Prins 1996,
Pamperis 2009). It bas also been found on the adjacent
Turkish coast (Hesselbarth et al. 1995).

M. trivia was predicted for Simi with >50%
probability. This prediction has recently been confirmed
(Pamperis 2009) by his observation on 8. v. 1993 near Simi
harbour between 50 to 200 m (pers. comm.). Additional
proofs come from the observations of M. Gascoigne-Pees
who collected a fresh male on 30.V.2002 walking from
the Vigla summit to Simi village. On 4.vi.2002 he again
saw one male butterfly and found larvae on Verbascum
and finally collected a few M. trivia larvae on 6.vi.2002
just before returning to the U.K.

Fig. 3. Female genitalia of
putative Hipparchia senthes
collected on Nisiros, terraces
above Panagla Kyra, 650 m,
5.vi.2011 (leg. S. Cuvelier). a.-
Dorsal view of sterigma; b.-
Ventral view of sterigma with
the ventral tray unfolded; c.-
The mid-dorsal process, the
ductus bursae and the distal
end of corpus bursae; d.-The
ductus bursae, the distal end
of corpus bursae and the
corpus bursae with the 2.55
mm long signa. Genit. prep.
1775/Dinca.

Hipparchia senthes (Frühstorfer, 1908) New to
Nisiros.

On 5.vi.2011, at noon, the first author collected one
fresh female of a Hipparchia sp. on terraces above
Panagla Kyra, Nisiros. A thorough search in the locality
for more material remained without result. Late in the
afternoon of the same day, in a flowery gully above Pali,
a male Hipparchia was observed but couldn't be
collected as it fiew away over a stony ridge. On 7.vi.2011
searching again near Panagia Kyra, another male
Hipparchia escaped, flying out of view over the terraces.
The species seems very rare.

There has never been a record of a Hipparchia from
Nisyros as far as known. On the neighbouring island of
Kos only Hipparchia senthes Is known (Olivier & De Prins
1996, Dennis et al. 2000). Additionally, both H. senthes
and H. mersina (Staudinger, 1871) are present on the
nearby Turkish coast (Hesselbarth et al. 1995). H.
mersina is also present in two other Aegean islands:
Lésvos and Samos (Dennis et al. 2000, Pamperis 2009).
Hipparchia pellucida seems very rare in western Turkey
(Hesselbarth et al. 1995) and is also present in Lésvos
and Ikaria (Dennis et al. 2000, Pamperis 2009), while
Hipparchia christenseni Kudrna, 1977 is endemic to
Karpathos (Kudrna 1977, Pamperis 2009). The presence
of H. mersina is predicted with >50% probability for
Nisiros (Dennis et al. 2001).

Is there a Hipparchia population in Nisiros or were
the observed butterflies vagrants? Having observed fresh
butterflies, two males and one female, in the beginning
of June, this is suggestive of a resident population but
the butterfly's rarity remains puzzling. The flight wasn't
typical for migrant behaviour.

The female was set and upperside and underside are
shown (Plate 1: 3). Before cutting the abdomen for
genitalia examination, a photograph was taken to
document the absence or presence of a sphragis. No
sphragis was visible and the hairs on the abdomen
looked very well preserved, suggesting that this female
had not copulated. Subsequently the female genitalia
were dissected and photographed by V. Dinca (Fig. 3a,
3b, 3c, 3d). No sphragis and no spermatophore were
found during the dissection confirming the visual
inspection on the spot of this female specimen.

The descriptions below are done in comparison to the
text and illustrations provided by Coutsis (1984) and the
terminology of female genitalia parts follows the same
publication. Since the female genitalia of H. christenseni
have not been illustrated by Coutsis (1984), the specimen
from Nisiros was compared to the illustration and text on
the female genitalia in the publication of Riemis (1986).
However, we have now been informed (Coutsis, pers.
comm.) that the female genitalia of H. christenseni have
recently been checked and proved to be identical to

Phegea 40 (3) Ol.ix.2012: 70

those of H. volgensis (Mazochin-Porshnjakov, 1952) and
H. pellucida (Stauder, 1923), while being quite different
from those of H. senthes.

The dorsal lamellae of the sterigma are smaller than
in H. mersino and H. pellucida, and closer in size to H.
senthes (Fig. 3a, 3b). The mid-dorsal process (Fig. 3a, 3b,
3c) is shorter and wider than in H. pellucida and H.
christenseni, but displays rather intermediate characters
between H. mersina and H. senthes. It is short and it does
not reach the half of the dorsal lamellae (similarly to H.
senthes), but it has a less wide base than in H. senthes
and from this point of view reminds more of H. mersina.
The ductus bursae (Fig. 3a, 3c, 3d) reminds of the one in
H. senthes. It is longer than in H. pellucida and the bend
of the ductus bursae is prominent and well-detached
from the distal end of the corpus bursae (uniike H.
mersina, where the bend is rather compressed against
the distal end of the corpus bursae).

The corpus bursae (Fig. 3d) is large and has 2.55 mm
long signa, which correspond to H. senthes (just above
2.5 mm length) and are longer than in H. christenseni
(about 2 mm length according to the illustrations of
Riemis [1986]), H. pellucida (slightly under 2 mm length)
and H. mersina (about 1.5 mm length).

Taking into account all above-mentioned characters,
we tentatively assign the examined specimen to H.
senthes. Flowever, since only one specimen was available
and the taxonomy of the Hipparchia group is not fully
resolved, additional studies are necessary to confirm
these results.

Hipparchia statilinus (Hufnagel, 1766)

J. Walterus mentioned two H. statilinus observed
between Troülos and Zipari, Kos. The first specimen was
observed on 3.x. 2010, the second on 5.x. 2010 (Walterus
& Walterus 2011). H. statilinus is known only from the
Greek mainland (Pamperis 2009) and has not been
documented from the adjacent Turkish coast
(Flesselbarth et al. 1995). The rather similar Hipparchia
fatua (Freyer, 1844) is known as well from Kos as from
the nearby Turkish coast.

More details (email 18.viii.2011) were given:
"Concerning 2010: certainly statilinus not fatua, both
specimens determined with my grandfather - 100 %
certain statilinus."

A more detailed answer on how the identification
was made was given the next day (email 19.viii.2011): "H
statilinus observed from a distance. Identification:
upperside forewings: white spots in c3 and c4, underside
hindwing: clearly and striking white band in postdiscal
area."

The lack of a voucher specimen and the way the
identification was made leaves clear doubts. Confusion
with H. fatua cannot be excluded at all. Therefore H.
statilinus is included with a question mark in the updated
OverView (Table 3).

Hyponephele iupina (Costa, 1836)

For a long time the species was not known for Si'mi
(Dennis et al. 2000) and it was not even predicted for this
island (Dennis et al. 2001). It also seems quite rare on the

nearby Turkish coast (Flesselbarth et al. 1995). In a
recent article H. Iupina was not mentioned by the
authors in their observation list or in the list of missed
species during their visit (Coutsis & Anastassiu 2011).

Flowever, an indication of its presence on the island
(red dot) is given by Pamperis (2009) on a distribution
map. This is a personal observation from L. Pamperis in
the area of Si'mi harbour on 8. v. 2003 between 50 to
300 m (pers. comm.).

We received additional evidence from M. Gascoigne-
Pees who observed 4 males and three females near Vigla,
the summit of Si'mi, on 30. v. 2002 and this is in fact the
earliest observation of H. Iupina known to us. The species
is present in only three islands of the Dodecanese
archipelago.

Ypthima asterope (Klug, 1832)

Y. asterope is primarily found in large parts of Africa,
Coastal regions of the Middle East, the Southern
Mediterranean Coastal regions of Turkey, reaches Cyprus
and is rarely encountered in some nearby islands of the
Aegean Sea (John et al. 2010). It is a sedentary butterfly,
thus suggesting that the species reached the
Mediterranean through the mountains east of the Red
Sea (Olivier 1993) and that some Aegean islands were
colonized from Turkey without developing a subspecies
in the Mediterranean. Other authors consider that the
origin of Y. asterope in this area is from a northward shift
of the Afrotropical biome during a warm interglacial.
After having adapted to different, local conditions, the
species has been able to survive until today (John et al.
2010).

For Greece, the species was reported for the first
time from Simi after a visit in April 1973 (Koutsaftikis
1974). On 16.iv.l990, 4 very fresh males were again
collected (Olivier 1991). There is further confirmation for
Simi (Pamperis 2009).

The next publications mentioning this species in
Europe postulated a new endemic subspecies, Y.
asterope marlenii Kattulas & Koutsaftikis (Kouftsaftikis
1977, Kattulas & Koutsaftikis 1977) from Kasteilórizo.
After examination of extensive material from this island,
collected on 17-18. iv. 1990, it was however considered to
closely resemble the nominotypical Y. asterope and sunk
in synonymy (Olivier 1990). Further confirmation of its
presence in Kasteilórizo is provided (Pamperis 2009).

Subsequently, in May 1976, a male specimen was
captured in Samos by an ornithologist (John 2010) and
was given to J. Asselbergs who reported it (Asselbergs
1978). This is the most westerly Aegean island in which
the species has been recorded and also the
northernmost limit of its range.

The species was also found on the SE coast of Ródos
(van der Poorten 1985). From Ist to 8th June 1984 he
found different specimens at only a few meters from the
sea. In his article he States to have found later, in the
Zoölogisch Museum of Amsterdam, two male specimens
originating also from this island and collected on
16. vi. 1970 by A. C. & W. N. Ellis. These are the first
known records of Y. asterope for Europe. Further
documented records (Olivier 1993) are: Ündos

Phegea 40 (3) 01. ix. 2012: 71

(Nekrópolis), 20.x. 1971; Kolymbia, 26. iv. 1986; 1 km. S.
Lindos (0-50 m), 28. v. 1989; Mt. Marmari, 3 km W. Li'ndos
(100-250 m),4.vi. 1990.

M. Gascoigne-Pees gave us detailed information
concerning an additional observation on 8.vi.l990 at
Lindos (pers. comm.). Visiting the same locality back on
24.V.2002, M. Gascoigne-Pees (pers. comm.) was not
able to find the species again. From Ródos further
confirmation is given (Pamperis 2009).

During the morning of 12. vi. 2011 the authors first
visited the exact locality (precise information kindly given
by M. Gascoigne-Pees) on Mt. Marmari without any sign
of this species. The area was very dry and overgrazed by
goats and there were almost no grasses to be seen. Only
two butterflies were seen during our visit (Table 1, week

1, locality 3). A second and larger area (Table 1, week 2,
locality 4) with different orientation of the slopes
possibly offering better opportunities was also explored.
The flora was fresher but overgrazing was again a real
problem and only few butterflies were observed. Here
too we were not able to find T. asterope.

In 2009 Torben Friis-Larsen informed the second
author about his observation of 6 Y. asterope just above
Simi harbour on 12. vi. 2009 flying together with C.
stauderi. On 28. v. 2011 Arne Viborg also observed a fresh
male above Si'mi harbour (pers. communication).

From 13. vi. 2011 to 14. vi. 2011 we visited Si'mi and
found different areas north of Si'mi harbour where Y.
asterope was common (Plate 1: 4, 5). The butterflies
were found in a steep dry gully and in lower areas of dry
rocky hills. In all localities where we observed Y. asterope
long grasses (Poaceae) were abundant (Plate 1: 6). In
typical phrygana we didn't observe the species at all. We
also travelled across Simi towards the south, east and
west coast, but we did not see the species elsewhere,
neither did we see suitable habitats.

During the trip we saw that the coastline of Turkey,
Simi lying iess than 5 km from it, was often very clouded
and regular rain was observed. It is interesting to note
that M. Gascoigne-Pees (pers. comm.) was not able to
find Y. asterope from 26. v. 2002 to 31.V.2002 and from

2. vi.2002 to 4.vi.2002 on Simi and stating "...but I was
evidently too late for Y. asterope ..."

All these data confirm that the species most likely is
quite opportunistic in adapting the number and timing of
broods to prevailing climatic conditions (John et al.
2010). We also have the impression that it is best to look
for the butterfly in the morning hours as it hides under
stones and bushes during the warmest hours of the day
(Hesselbarth et al. 1995, John et al. 2010). In optimal
conditions it seems that Y. asterope can have three
generations in the Aegean islands: the first with a
maximum in the second half of April, the second in the
middle of June and the third from September until
October.

Opposed to the recent statement of no threat
(Pamperis 2009) we have seen that recent urbanization
Works drastically decreased one of the natural habitats
near Simi harbour and another potential threat is
overgrazing from the many sheep and goats on the
island.

Notes on the literature survey

Archon apollinus (Herbst, 1798)

A. apollinus is well documented for the island of Kos
but the situation for Ródos is not clear. The existing
records concern a brief and debatable description of
caterpillars, observed at the end of March, by Hofrat
Martin (Rebel 1916, 1924); a mention of encountering
this species in Ródos, without precise locality and date
was made by Pierron (1978). These data were copied by
different authors (Olivier 1993, Tolman & Lewington
1997, Dennis et al. 2000, Pamperis 2009). Then there is a
record from the mountain Profitis Ilias in north-central
Ródos: "Mt. Profitis Ilias ... False Apollos [the English
name of A. apollinus, red.] can be found occasionally..."
(Gibbons 2003).

Recently the conclusion was however drawn that
confirmation of these records is desirable and necessary
(Coutsis & Ghavalas 2006) because the present data are
not reliable enough and because no other published
record exists despite collecting, at the appropriate
moment, by different lepidopterists. The occurrence of
A. apollinus for Ródos is therefore considered as very
doubtful and included with a question mark in the
updated overview (Table 3).

Satyrium spini (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

This species has only recently been documented for
the first time from the Dodecanese archipelago by a
photograph of a specimen seen in one locality at 200 m
in Kasteilórizo on 2.vi.l991 (Pamperis 2009). L. Pamperis
observed several individuals of S. spini, for the first time
on l.vi.1991, in the same locality (pers. comm.). The
legend under the photograph States that the habitus is
slightly different from specimens in Continental Greece:
lighter colour on the wings and white line on the
underside of the hindwings accompanied by a pale line
internally (Pamperis 2009). S. spini is known from the
nearby Turkish coast (Hesselbarth et al. 1995) and its
occurrence in Kasteilórizo is not unexpected despite the
fact that its presence for the Dodecanese islands was not
predicted (Dennis et al. 2001).

Lycaena thetis (Klug, 1834)

A photograph of a male specimen of this species is
mentioning Nisiros and bears the following label: "ile de
Ni'syros, Mt Elias, VII" (Darcemont & Legakis 2010).

This is an unexpected record. Like often in Greece
there is indeed a mountain with the name Profitis Ilias on
the island of Nisiros but this summit of the island is only
698 m high. It is very uniikely in the S. E. Aegean, and at
such a low altitude, that the typical habitat and the
butterfly's larval host plant would be present.

This very strange information was also mentioned to
us by L. Pamperis (pers. comm.) who had been in contact
with the first author and who told him that the data for
L. thetis are from a French colleague (Serge Peslier) with
a label: L thetis: Mt. Elias 29-VII-2001, Hager leg. L.
Pamperis suspects that the specimen was probably sold
by Hager to Peslier and mislabeled for Nisiros but in

Phegea 40 (3) Ol.ix.2012: 72

reality collected on Profitis Ilias in Óros Taygetos (pers.
comm.).

We consider that there is too much doubt about the
occurrence of L. thetis on this island and do not include it
in the updated overview (Table 3).

Zizeeria karsandra (Moore, 1865)

Z. karsandra has been observed once, May 1958, in
Ródos (Bender 1963) and has never been confirmed
since then. This observation has been copied in some
publications (Bretherton 1966, Bernardi 1971). In other
publications Z. karsandra was not mentioned and/or
included, due to the lack of evidence (Olivier 1993,
Hesselbarth et al. 1995, Tolman & Lewington 1997,
Dennis et al. 2000, and 2001, Makris 2003). There is no
prediction forZ. karsandra because for the entire Aegean
islands sufficiënt material was lacking to include it in the
statistical model (Dennis et al. 2001).

Typical habitats are damp lowland places in hot
gullies and river beds with local but often strong
populations. In a single locality Z. karsandra can be
common especially in summer and autumn but such a
small butterfly can easily be overlooked as it flies very
close to the ground (5-10 cm). Hatching might be
influenced by local precipitations especially from early
summer to the start of the autumn, making it difficult to
predict when chances are best to look for it.

The butterfly is not present on the adjacent Turkish
coast (Hesselbarth et al. 1995) and this is an important
indication that its presence in Ródos is not to be
automatically extrapolated.

Z. karsandra is common and widespread in Cyprus
(Makris 2003) and also present in south-eastern Anatolia,
Turkey (Hesselbarth et al. 1995).

Very controversial is the situation for Kn'ti and the
existence of this species in Greece is even mentioned as
highiy improbable (Anastassiu et al. 2010). This implies as
well that the authors do not expect the presence of Z.
karsandra in Ródos. Several photographs however have
been published, clearly showing Z. karsandra with the
following legend: CRE, Chania, Om, 28.x. 1994 (Pamperis
1997 & Pamperis 2009). In 2010, L. Pamperis again
observed and photographed Z. karsandra, west of Chania
on 5.xi.2010 (email 10. xi. 2011). This is clearly later than
the dedicated search, at the end of September 2009, by
H. Anastassiu investigating many potential habitats all
over Kn'ti (Anastassiu et al. 2010). Confirmation from an
independent source is needed to put an end to this
controversy.

For Ródos there is the clear need for confirmation. It
is considered here as very doubtful and included in the
updated overview (Table 3) with a question mark.

Cupido minimus (Fuessly, 1775)

C. minimus has been recorded once on 30. v. 1983
from Kos with the following statement: "west of Kos
town. Locally common in grassy valley. Found in
mainland Greece but new to Dodecanes" (Thomson
1985).

This is the only time the species has been mentioned
for all Aegean islands. This observation was taken over in

literature (Olivier 1986, Tolman & Lewington 1997,
Pamperis 2009). In a synthesis of the butterflies of Kos,
the presence of C. minimus was however considered as
very uniikely (Olivier & De Prins 1996) and after contact
with G. Thomson, A. Olivier & De Prins did not include
this species in the list for Kos because no voucher
specimen was available. Subsequently this species was
not included as well in the list of recorded butterflies
(Dennis et al. 2000) or in the prediction model (Dennis et
al. 2001) for the whole Aegean archipelago, omitting also
the article with the original record (Thomson 1985) in the
references.

C. minimus is not known from the nearby Turkish
coast (Hesselbarth et al. 1995), this being unfavourable
for the butterfly's potential presence in the Dodecanese
archipelago.

As C. minimus flies in Scotland, it can be suspected
that G. Thomson was familiar with this species. During a
recent exchange of emails on this subject, he confirmed
again not to have taken any specimens mentioning: "I did
catch them, however, so that they could be identified."
Details on the exact locality were asked by the first
author (email 3.ix.2011) and a map was provided by G.
Thomson (email 17. ix. 2011) mentioning: "...but this is
from memory and it was quite a long time ago. I do
remember going through another village after going west
of Kos town. I was walking so wouldn't have gone very
far."

The map points towards the global area south of
Platani, Southwest of Kos town. The area still looks good
on Google Earth. A search for C. minimus south of Platani
is mandatory to solve this issue.

The situation has some parallels with the record of Z.
karsandra for Ródos and is considered as very doubtful.
C. minimus is included in the updated overview (Table 3)
with a question mark.

Polyommatus daphnis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

P. daphnis has been mentioned for Si'mi (Tolman &
Lewington 1997, Tolman 2001). The indication (blue dot)
on a recent distribution map in Pamperis (2009) refers to
the citation by Tolman (Pamperis, pers. comm.). During
our stay on the island we did not see any locality with a
potential habitat for this species. Preparing this article
we searched for specific details. Different attempts were
made to contact directly the author and indirectly
through the publisher. All attempts failed. We also
contacted J. Coutsis who mentioned (email 16.x. 2011)
that he knew no potential habitat on Si'mi and had
serious doubts about the presence of P. daphnis on the
island of Si'mi.

The species has not been documented from the
nearby Turkish coast (Hesselbarth et al. 1995) but is
showing a scattered distribution towards the east.

Despite the fact that P. daphnis is documented for
Samos, where suitable habitats are present, we consider
the occurrence of P. daphnis as very doubtful for the
Dodecanese archipelago and include the species in the
updated overview (Table 3) with a question mark.

Phegea 40 (3) 01. ix. 2012: 73

Table 1. Visited localities by the authors (numbers refer to the localities in Table 2).

Period 1 - N°

Date

Location

Island

Altitude [m]

2.vi.2011

Palea Pyli Fortress

Kos

332

3.vi.2011

Agios Fokas

Kos

3.vi.2011

Psalidi

Kos

3.vi.2011

Palea Pyli Fortress

Kos

332

4.vi.2011

Mt. Dikeos, near top

Kos

778

4.vi.2011

Zié above village to Mt. Dikeos

Kos

683

4.vi.2011

Agios Fokas

Kos

5.vi.2011

Above Panagia Kyra terraces

Nisiros

405

5.vi.2011

Pachia Ammos Beach

Nisiros

5.vi.2011

Nikia Profitis Ilias above village

Nisiros

473

5.vi.2011

0,5 km SE Pali

Nisiros

6.vi.2011

Mandraki hotel, Romantzi harbour

Nisiros

6.vi.2011

Mandraki Paleókastro

Nisiros

101

6.vi.2011

0,5 km SE Pali

Nisiros

7.vi.2011

Above Panagia Kyra terraces

Nisiros

405

7.vi.2011

0,5 km SE Pali

Nisiros

7.vi.2011

1 km SE Pali

Nisiros

207

7.vi.2011

700 m W of Livadia

Tilos

8.vi.2011

1 km S of Livadia

Tilos

8.vi.2011

2 km S of Livadia

Tilos

214

9.vi.2011

Lefkós

Karpathos

157

10.vi.2011

Lefkós

Karpathos

157

10.vi.2011

Karpathos town

Karpathos

204

11.vi.2011

Lefkós

Karpathos

157

11.vi.2011

Pylés village

Karpathos

325

11.vi.2011

Óthos village

Karpathos

500

11.vi.2011

Apéri village

Karpathos

290

11.vi.2011

Kali Limni

Karpathos

706

Period 2 - N°

11.vi.2011

Flotel Sabina, Theologes

Ródos

12.vi.2011

Flotel Sabina, Theologes

Ródos

12.vi.2011

Mt. Marmari, 2 km WSW of Lindes

Ródos

102

12.vi.2011

Mt. Marmari, 3 km WNW of Lindes

Ródos

150

12.vi.2011

Agios Isidoros; valley near chapel

Ródos

502-545

12.vi.2011

Profitis Ilias; near chapel and hotel

Ródos

635

12.vi.2011

Profitis Ilias; eastern side over the top

Ródos

380

13.vi.2011

Just above Simi harbour

Simi

14.vi.2011

Just above Simi harbour

Simi

14.vi.2011

1 km NW of Simi harbour

Simi

14.vi.2011

Emboriós

Simi

15.vi.2011

Profitis Ilias; path on Southern side

Ródos

650

15.vi.2011

10 km NE of Agios Isidoros

Ródos

301

15.vi.2011

6 km N of Agios Isidoros

Ródos

370

15.vi.2011

4 km NE of Agios Isidoros

Ródos

451

15.vi.2011

Émbonas

Ródos

432

16.vi.2011

4 km NE of Agios Isidoros

Ródos

451

16.vi.2011

Agios Isidoros; valley near chapel

Ródos

545

17.vi.2011

Mt. Ataviros; just under summit

Ródos

1037

17.vi.2011

Mt. Ataviros; summit

Ródos

1194

17.vi.2011

Mt. Ataviros; highest obs. of H. syriaca

Ródos

1044

17.vi.2011

Mt. Ataviros; edge of forest

Ródos

590

17.vi.2011

S of Kattavia near Plimmiri

Ródos

18.vi.2011

10 km NE of Agios Isidoros

Ródos

301

18.vi.2011

Profitis Ilias; western side

Ródos

351

18.vi.2011

Petaloüdes

Ródos

120

Phegea 40 (3) Ol.ix.2012: 74

Table 2. Butterfly species observed by the authors (localities refer to Table 1).

Species

Localities period 1

Localities period 2

Papilio machaon

10, 12, 13, 14, 23, 25

Iphiclides podalirius

14, 19

Pieris brassicae

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18

1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 22, 24, 25

Pieris rapae

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 17

8, 9, 10. 12, 18

Pontia edusa

9, 14, 17

10, 17, 18, 24

Colias croceus

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 18, 26, 28

4. 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 17, 18, 20, 22, 25

Gonepteryx cleopatra

22, 26

5, 12. 13, 16, 17, 18, 24, 25, 26

Satyrium ilicis

6, 8, 10, 14, 15

8, 9

Lycaena phiaeas

2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22

3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. 10, 17, 20, 22, 24

Leptotes pirithous

2, 8, 24

Lampides boeticus

13, 14, 22

Pseudophilotes vicrama

2, 3, 4, 14, 15, 18, 22

Plebeius loewii

2, 7, 18. 19, 20

5, 13, 18, 22

Polyommatus icarus

1, 3, 4, 21, 28

1, 7, 12, 13, 22, 23

Charaxes jasius

5, 12, 17, 18, 26

LImenitis reducta

Vanessa atalanta

1,4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 28

Vanessa cardui

2, 5, 7, 10, 16

5, 8, 9, 10

Polygonia egea

4, 10, 11, 27

Hipparchia syriaca

5. 6, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22

Hipparchia senthes

8, 11, 15

Hipparchia christenseni

21, 22, 24

Hipparchia fatua

12. 18

8, 9, 10

Pseudochazara anthelea

5, 18, 19

Maniola telmessia

1,2,3, 4, 6, 7, 18, 19, 20,21,22, 24, 28

4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26

Maniola halicarnassus

8, 10, 11, 12, 13. 14, 15, 16, 17

Ypthima asterope

8, 9, 10

Laslommata megera

1, 3. 5, 7, 13, 14, 22

8, 9, 10

Lasiommata maera

2, 7, 13

8, 9, 10, 12. 13, 18

Kirinia roxelana

4, 11, 13, 14, 17

12, 13, 17, 18, 24, 25, 26

Hyponephele lupina

Spialia orbifer

1, 4, 28

Muschampia proto

8. 9, 10, 11

Carcharodus alceae

3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 17

4, 5, 12, 13, 18, 24

Carcharodus orientalis

Carcharodus stauderi

13,18, 20

3, 5, 9, 10, 11

Thymelicus sylvestris

Thymellcus acteon

2, 3,4, 6, 7

5, 8, 9, 10, 13

Thymelicus hyrax

Thaleropis ionia (Eversmann, 1851)

One record exists for this species: a male specimen
(1986, Kasteilórizo) in the Goulandris Natural History
Museum, Kifissia, Greece. As far as we know there has
never been another observation of T. ionia from the

island. It has however been found in different nearby
Turkish localities (Hesselbarth et ol. 1995).

In Kasteilórizo only one Celtis tree, host plant in
Turkey, was found (Pamperis 2009). It is interesting that
L. Pamperis was driven to this Celtis tree by the person,
now deceased, who did collect for the Goulandris Natural

Phegea 40 (3) Ol.ix.2012: 75

History Museum and who was not able to remember this
particular butterfly. Two conclusions are possible: the
specimen was either a vagrant from the nearby Turkish
coast or there has been a mistake in the labeling of the
specimen. The status of T. ionia remains unclear. In the
updated overview (Table 3) the species is included for
Kasteilórizo as data deficiënt.

Agiais io (Linnaeus, 1758)

From the Aegean, A. io is only mentioned once from
Samos and Simi (Tolman & Lewington 1997, Tolman
2001) without any details. The indication (blue dot) in a
recent distribution map in Pamperis (2009) is based on
these literature-derived data. Nowhere else in literature,
either through personal investigation, or through
information provided by colleagues, did we ever find
data suggesting that the species was ever recorded in the

Dodecanese islands. All attempts to know more about
these statements failed (cfr supra). In an email
(16.x. 2011) J. Coutsis also expressed his clear doubts. The
nearest observation in Turkey is far away (Hesselbarth et
al. 1995) from the Dodecanese archipelago. We consider
that there is too much doubt about the occurrence of A.
io to justify the inclusion of it in Table 3.

Updated overview of the butterfly distribution
in the Dodecanese islands

Based on the previous chapters of this article we
hereby provide an updated overview as shown in Table
3. The symbols in the table are explained in the legend
below.

Symbol

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