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&dT
THE PHILIPPINE
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
Alvin J. Cox M. A., Ph. D.
GENERAL EDITOR
Section C. Botany
E. D. MERRILL, M. S.
EDITOR
WITH THE COOPERATION OF
W. H. BROWN, Ph. D. ; C. F. BAKER, M. A. ; L. M. GUERRERO, Phar. D.
r. c. McGregor, a. b.
MANILA
BUREAU OF PRINTING
1918
158742 5
DATES OF ISSUE
No. 1, pages 1 to 66, February 25, 1918.
No. 2, pages 67 to 122, May 9, 1918.
No. 3, pages 123 to 200, July 16, 1918.
No. 4, pages 201 to 262, September 21, 1918.
No. 5, pages 263 to 334, November 18, 1918.
No. 6, pages 335 to 397, February 25, 1919.
u
CONTENTS
No. 1, January, 1918
Merrill, E. D. New or noteworthy Philippine plants, XIII
No. 2, March, 1918
Merrill, E. D. New species of Bornean plants
No. 3, May, 1918
Merrill, E. D. Notes on the flora of Loh Fau Mountain, Kwangtung
Province, China j.
Foxworthy, F. W. Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II
Two plates.
No. 4, July, 1918
Brotherus, V. F. Contributions to the bryological flora of the Phil-
ippines, V
Brown, W. H. The fungi cultivated by termites in the vicinity of
Manila and Los Banos
Two plates.
Yates, H. S. Fungi from British North Borneo
Shaw, W. R. Some microtechnical methods and devices
Five text figures.
No. 5, September, 1918
Merrill, E. D. New or noteworthy Philippine plants, XIV
No. 6, November, 1918
Swingle, W. T. Merrillia, a new rutaceous genus of the tribe
Citreae from the Malay Peninsula
Two plates.
Brown, W. H. The theory of limiting factors
One text figure.
Brown, W. H., and Trelease, S. Alternate shrinkage and elonga-
tion of growing stems of Cestrum nocturnum
Yates, H. S. Some recently collected Philippine fungi, II. ..
Errata
Index
iii
Pag*.
1
67
123
163
201
223
233
241
263
335
345
353
361
385
387
VOL, XIII, Sec. C, No. 1
January, 1918
THE PHILIPPINE
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
ALVIN J. COX, M. A., Ph. D.
GENERAL EDITOR
Section C. Botany
E. D. MERRILL, M. S.
EDITOR
WITH THE COOPERATION OF
W. H. BROWN, Ph. D.; C. F. BAKER, M. A.
L. M. GUERRERO, Phar. D.; R. C. McGREGOR, A. B.
MANILA
BUREAU OF PRINTING
1918
PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
A TEN=YEAR INDEX
CONTENTS AND INDEX OF THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE,
VOLUME I (1906) TO VOLUME X (1915)
Order No. 449. Bureau of Science Publication No. S. Paper, 441 pages.
Price $2, United States currency, postpaid.
One copy of this index has been sent free of charge to each subscriber that
has received Volumes XI and XII of the Journal.
This publication consists of :
The complete contents of the first ten volumes of the Philip-
pine Journal of Science, all sections ; giving all authors, titles of
articles, and page numbers. The exact date of issue of each
number is recorded.
An author index, being an alphabetical list of all the con-
tributors. The titles of all the articles are listed under the
names of their respective authors.
A subject index. The subject matter is very fully indexed
by catch words from the titles, by geographical localities, and
by subjects. All systematic names in zoology and botany, as
well as the thousands of English and local names, are entered
in the index.
STUDIES IN PHILIPPINE DIPTERA, II
By M. Bezzi
Order No. 437. Bureau of Science Publication No. 10. Paper, 59 pages and 1 plate.
Price $0.50, United States currency, postpaid.
This is the second century, of Professor Bezzi ’s enumeration
of Philippine species of flies and includes descriptions of new
genera and new species.
PLEASE GIVE ORDER NUMBER
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Business Manager, Philippine Journal of Science, Bureau of
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THE PHILIPPINE
Journal of Science
C. Botany
Vol. XIII JANUARY, 1918 No. 1
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, XIII
By E. D. Merrill1
( From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of
Science, Manila)
The last paper under this title was published in 1915, 2 the
present contribution being essentially similar to the preceding
ones of the series. Seventy-two species in thirty-four families
are described as new, the groups considered being those that
for the most part present comparatively few novelties in cur-
rent collections. One new genus, Ilocania, of the Cucurbitaceae,
is described. Eight species previously described from extra-
Philippine material are for the first time credited to the Archi-
pelago, representatives of these having appeared in our current
collections ; among these the genus Zippelia is new to the Archi-
pelago. A noteworthy species, presenting another striking
case of Philippine-Australian distribution is the rare and very
characteristic Ipomoea diversifolict R. Br., which has definitely
been reported only from the small islands in the Gulf of Car-
pentaria, but which now appears in our collections from north-
western Luzon. Sida longistipula Merr., described below, a
very characteristic and strongly marked species, finds its alliance
with a few Australian species rather than with the Asiatic
representatives of the genus. Vitex celebica Koord. adds
another species to the already long list of those known only
from the Philippines and Celebes.
1 Professor of botany, University of the Philippines.
3 Merrill, E. D., New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XII, Philip. Journ.
Sci. 10 (1915) Bot. 287-349.
153049
2 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
ARACEAE
ALOCASI A Schott
ALOCASIA WENZELI! sp. nov. § Eualocasia.
Planta magna, glabra; foliis longe petiolatis, usque ad 1 m
longis, haud peltatis, oblongo-ovatis vel ovatis, coriaceis, nitidis,
laevis, margine cartilagineis, sursum angustatis, apice obtusis ad
leviter acuminatis, basi profunde lobatis, lobis oblongis, obtusis,
30 ad 50 cm longis ; nervis subtus valde prominentibus, utrinque
8 ad 11, patulis, basilaribus deflexis usque ad apicem loborum
attingentibus ; inflorescentiis longe pedunculatis, spathis oblon-
gis, acutis, usque ad 12 cm longis et 2.5 cm latis, vetustioribus
reflexis, spadicis circiter 10 cm longis.
A large, coarse, glabrous plant, the caudices in old plants up
to 0.7 m high and 15 cm in diameter. Petioles stout, up to 1 m
in length, when fresh green and mottled or horizontally striped.
Leaf -blades oblong-ovate, up to 1 m in length and 45 cm in width
in the widest part, ' pale-olivaceous when dry, from the tip of
the basal lobes to the apex attaining a length of 1 m, coriaceous,
somewhat shining, smooth on both surfaces, the margins pro-
minently cartilaginous, entire ; basal lobes not spreading, oblong,
obtuse, attaining a length of 50 cm, the sinus extending to the
insertion of the petiole, usually narrow, acute; apex obtuse
to obscurely acuminate, the blade gradually narrowed from base
to apex; lateral nerves 8 to 11, very prominent on the lower
surface, spreading at nearly right angles except the basal pair
which is deflexed and extends quite to the tip of the basal lobes,
emitting from one to three prominent veins on the outer side;
reticulations obscure. Inflorescences numerous, their peduncles
up to 45 cm in length. Tube of the spathe oblong, about 2 cm
long, the limb at first boat-shaped, oblong, acute or somewhat
apiculate, about 12 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, white, ultimately
reflexed and deciduous. Spadix cylindric, erect, up to 10 cm
in length, the basal pistillate portion about 1.5 cm long and less
than 1 cm in diameter, the staminate portion 3 to 3.5 cm long,
cylindric, somewhat thicker than the pistillate portion, the
appendage acute or acuminate, cylindric, about equalling the
staminate and pistillate portions of the spadix. Staminate and
pistillate flowers crowded. Stigmas sessile, subcapitate, scarcely
lobed. Apex of the anther-bearing body truncate, crenate,
about 2 mm in diameter, anthers apparently 8 to 10. Fruiting
spadices ovoid or ellipsoid, when dry about 3 cm long.
Leyte, Dagami, Wenzel 97 (type), March 28, 1913, on forested slopes,
altitude about 60 meters. Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18929 McGregor, June 22,
XIII, C, 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
3
1914, in forests, altitude about 300 meters. Samar, Catubig River at
Pinipisakan, Bur. Sci. 24266 Ramos, March 21, 1916, in forests along the
river. Mindanao, Agusan Subprovince, Amparo, For. Bur. 7615 Hutchin-
son, August 23, 1907, in open forests, altitude about 30 meters. It is known
in Leyte as biga, the common name for Alocasia macrorrhiza Schott, and
in Samar as handuroy.
A remarkable species belonging in the same group with Alocasia
macrorrhiza Schott, to which, however, it is not closely allied. It is well
characterized by its large, oblong-ovate, coriaceous, very smooth, shining
leaves, the basal lobes deflexed, not at all spreading, often attaining a
length of one-half the lamina, and its very obscure reticulations.
ALOCASIA MAQUILINGENSIS sp. nov. § Eualocasia.
Planta robusta, pedunculis et subtus foliis furfuraceo-hispid-
ulis; foliis late ovatis, usque ad 90 cm longis et 50 cm latis,
obtusis vel obscure acuminatis, haud peltatis, lobis latissime ova-
tis, rotundatis, comparate brevibus, nervis utrinque circiter 10
utrinque, subtus valde prominentibus, patulis, curvatis, basilari-
bus utrinque pinnati-nervosis, leviter deflexis, usque ad apicem
loborum attingentibus, reticulis prominentibus; inflorescentiis
numerosis, pedunculis usque ad 30 cm longis; spathis circiter 10
cm longis, tubo sub fructu accrescentibus, albis, carnosis, oblongo-
ovoideis, usque ad 8 cm longis; spadicis 8 ad 10 cm longis.
A robust plant, the caudices in old specimens stout, attaining
a height of about 0.3 m, perhaps higher. Leaves membrana-
ceous, broadly ovate, up to 90 cm long and 50 cm wide, entire,
apex obtuse to obscurely acuminate, base not at all peltate, with
two very broad, rounded lobes which are at most 20 cm long, and
as wide or wider than long, the sinus rather broad, somewhat
rounded, the upper surface, when dry, minutely puncticulate-
verruculose, the lower uniformly and distinctly furfuraceous-
hispidulous on the nerves and reticulations ; lateral nerves about
10 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface,
spreading, curved, the basal pair somewhat deflexed and reaching
the tip of the lobes, bearing from 3 to 5 pinnately arranged
secondary nerves on each side; petioles stout, up to 1.5 m in
length, rather densely furfuraceous-pubescent. Inflorescences
numerous, up to 30 on each plant, their peduncles pubescent,
up to 30 cm in length. Spathes about 10 cm long, the tubular
portion 1 to 1.5 cm long, the limb lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
membranaceous, about 6 cm long, acuminate. Pistillate portion
of the spadix about 1 cm long, the flowers crowded; style short,
distinct ; stigma obscurely lobed. Staminate portion of the
spadix about 2 cm long, cylindric, the sterile appendage about
5 cni long. • Fruiting spathe ovoid or oblong-ovoid, white, fleshy,
up to 8 cm in length, the fruits fleshy, red.
4
The Philippine Journal of Science
1913
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Baker 86S (type) , March 1,
1913, Bur. Sci. 16926 Servinas, November 25, 1912, Bur. Sci. 6737 Robinson,
April 8, 1909, Merrill 7153, September 3, 1910, on forested slopes, altitude
120 to 600 meters.
A species well characterized by its pubescent leaves, petioles, and pe-
duncles, and by its white, fleshy, fruiting spathes.
COMMELINACEAE
ANEILEMA R. Brown
ANEILEMA HUMILE sp. nov. § Dictyospermum.
Planta circiter 20 cm alta, erecta, haud ramosa, vaginis et
petioles plus minusve hirsutis; foliis paucis, submembranaceis,
oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 10 cm longis, apice ten-
uiter acuminatis, basi cuneatis; inflorescentiis racemosis, pau-
cifloris, solitariis, e axillis superioribus, circiter 2 cm longis;
capsulis ovoideis, glabris, circiter 3 mm longis, 3-locularibus,
3-valvis, loculis 1-spermis ; seminibus osseis, plano-convexis,
ellipticis, perspicue rugosis, circiter 2.5 mm longis.
An erect simple plant, or the lower parts of the stem more
or less decumbent and geniculate, about 20 cm high, the stems
glabrous or very slightly pubescent. Leaves submembranaceous,
oblong to oblong-elliptic, 5 to 10 cm long, 1.5 to 3.5 cm wide,
subequally narrowed to the slenderly sharp-acuminate apex and
to the cuneate base, glabrous, of the same color on both surfaces
when dry, scarcely shining, the longitudinal lateral nerves
usually three on each side of the midrib, obscure, the petiolar
part 3 to 4 mm long, more or less pubescent, the sheaths 1 cm
long or less, somewhat inflated, more or less pubescent. Raceme
solitary, simple, from the uppermost axil, 2 to 2.5 cm long,
few-flowered, glabrous, the base with a narrowly lanceolate, 1
cm long, acuminate bract. Flowers white. Sepals elliptic-
obovate, green when fresh, brown when dry, about 3 mm long,
concave, somewhat cucullate. Petals very thin, white, oblong-
obovate, rounded, about 3.5 mm long, the nerves dark-brown,
very prominent. Fertile stamens 3; anthers broadly elliptic-
ovate, 1 mm long; staminodes 3. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style
3 mm long. Capsule ovoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 3 to 3.5 mm long,
3-valved, 3-celled, the pericarp brittle, shining; seeds solitary
in each cell, 2.5 mm long, white, plano-convex, elliptic, promi-
nently rugose.
Alabat, back of Sangirin, Merrill 10159, December 24, 1916, on steep
slopes in damp forests, altitude about 80 meters; rare and a few plants
observed in only one place.
This very characteristic species is readily distinguished by its inflores-
XIII, C, 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
5
cence being reduced to a short simple raceme, a character very different
from most of the other species in the genus. It is apparently not very
closely allied to any previously described form.
LILIACEAE
SMI LAX Linnaeus
SMI LAX E RECTA sp. nov.
Frutex erectus, glaber, leviter aculeatus, simplex vel parce
ramosus, circiter 1 m altus, ecirrhiferus ; foliis oblomgis, in
siccitate brunneis, nitidis, usque ad 20 cm longis, utrinque
aequaliter angustatis, apice prominente acuminatis, basi cune-
atis, perspicue 3-nerviis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, simpliciter
umbellatis, breviter pedunculatis ; fructibus ovoideis vel ellip-
soideis, circiter 8 mm longis.
An erect shrub about 1 m high, glabrous, simple or at most
once dichotomously branched above, without tendrils, the stems
terete, pale-brownish, 5 to 6 mm in diameter below and armed
with widely scattered, stout, short, straight spines 2 mm in
length or less, the upper parts of the stem unarmed. Leaves
oblong, subcoriaceous, brown and shining when dry, of nearly
the same color on both surfaces, 12 to 20 cm long, 4 to 6 cm
wide, equally narrowed to the rather prominently acuminate
apex and the acute base, the base prominently 3-nerved, the
lateral nerves extending to the tip of the leaf, the reticulations
lax, fairly prominent; petioles about 2 cm long, the inflated
basal part 1 cm long or less, cucullate. Umbels in the upper
axils, solitary, simple, their peduncles 1.5 cm longer less, the
pedicels 6 to 10, about 8 mm long. Fruits black when dry,
ovoid or ellipsoid, wrinkled, shining, about 8 mm long.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28560 (type), 28U72
Ramos & Edano, May, 1917, on forested slopes.
This most characteristic species is readily distinguished by its erect,
simple or but once branched stems which are aculeate below; by its pro-
minently 3-nerved leaves; by the entire lack of tendrils; and by its simple
umbels.
SMI LAX LUCIDA sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, ramis leviter armatis, distincte circiter
9-angulatis, sulcatis; foliis firme chartaceis vel subcoriaceis,
oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 16 cm longis, bre-
viter apiculato-acuminatis, basi in foliis minoribus rotundatis,
in majoribus distincte cordatis, utrinque nitidis, 5- vel 7-nerviis;
umbellis axillaribus, solitariis, pedunculo 2.5 ad 3 cm longo;
fructibus globosis, in siccitate subnigris, nitidis, 8 ad 10 mm
diametro.
6 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918
A scandant shrub, the branches and branchlets pale when
dry, distinctly about 9-angled, sulcate, sparingly armed with
widely scattered, short, straight, rather stout spines that do
not exceed 2 mm in length. Leaves firmly chartaceous to sub-
coriaceous, subolivaceous when dry, prominently shining on
both surfaces, oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, 8 to 16 cm long,
3.5 to 10 cm wide, all with a stout apiculate-acuminate apex,
the smaller ones rounded at the base, the larger ones prominently
cordate, 5- or 7-nerved, the inner pair of nerves much stouter
than the outer ones, reaching the apex, the reticulations rather
lax, prominent; petioles 1 to 2 cm long, the lower part somewhat
sheathing, the tendrils attaining a length of about 10 cm. Um-
bels axillary, solitary, their peduncles 2.5 to 3 cm long, the
pedicels in fruit 1.5 to 2 cm long. Fruits globose, numerous,
nearly black when dry, somewhat wrinkled, prominently shining,
8 to 10 mm in diameter; seeds usually 3.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, vicinity of Dingalan, on the Pacific coast,
Bur. Sci. 26611 Ramos & Edano, August 27, 1916, on dry slopes at medium
altitudes.
A species well characterized by its inflorescences being reduced to a
simple umbel. In vegetative characters it somewhat resembles SMILAX
ELMERI nom. nov. ( Smilax reticulata Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 8 (1815)
2740, non Desv., nec Heer), but Smilax elmeri has raeemosely arranged
umbels, and its leaves are acute at the base.
PIPERACEAE
ZIPPELIA Blume
ZIPPELIA BEGON 1AE FOLIA Blume in Roem. & Schultes Syst. 7 (1830)
1614, 1651.
Zippelia lappacea Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. (1838) 76, t. 16.
Piper zippelia C. DC. Prodr. 161 (1869) 256.
Jolo, Mrs. Clemens 9335, October 15, 1915, in damp forests, altitude
about 600 meters.
This monotypic genus is new to the Philippines. Indo-China, Mekong
River, Thorel, the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Java.
FAGACEAE
QUERCUS Linnaeus
QUERCUS CAGAYANENSIS sp. nov. § Cyclobalanus.
Arbor circiter 12 m alta, partibus junioribus densissime
ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; foliis oblongo-ovatis ad ovato-lanceo-
latis, integris, coriaceis, usque ad 15 cm longis, basi acutis,
apice caudato-acuminatis, supra costa exceptis glabra, nitidis,
subtus pallidioribus, ad costa nervisque pubescentibus, nervis
utrinque 7 ad 9, subtus prominentibus, curvato-adscendentibus,
XIII, C, 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
7
baud anastomosantibus, reticulis tenuibus, confertis, obscuris,
subparallelis ; cupulis obovoideis, pubescentibus, 2 cm diametro,
obscure zonulatis, basi contractis, dentibus circiter 1 mm longis,
infra distantibus, supra confertis; glans puberulis, 1.5 cm dia-
metro, circiter 1.5 cm longis, subovoicleis, apiculatis.
A tree about 12 m high, the younger parts densely ferruginous-
pubescent. Branches terete, brownish, glabrous, somewhat
lenticellate. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate,
10 to 15 cm long, 8 to 6 cm wide, entire, base acute, apex
slenderly subcaudate-acuminate, the acumen blunt, up to 2 cm
in length, the upper surface glabrous except for the pubescent
midrib, smooth, shining, pale or brownish-olivaceous when dry,
the lower surface paler than the upper, pubescent on the midrib
and nerves; lateral nerves 7 to 9 on each side of the midrib,
prominent, curved-ascending, not anastomosing, the reticulations
slender, close, subparallel, inconspicuous; petioles densely pu-
bescent, 5 to 8 mm long. Infructescences simple, up to 12 cm
in length, spike-like, rather stout, lenticellate, when young
pubescent, ultimately glabrous, each bearing two or three fruits.
Cups obovoid, about 2 cm in diameter, brown-pubescent on
both surfaces, rather abruptly contracted below into a stout
pseudo-stalk which is 5 to 8 mm long and about 5 mm in dia-
meter, somewhat contracted to the truncate orifice which is 1.5
cm in diameter, the zones obscure, about 10 in all, the lower
ones distant and with distant teeth, the upper ones close, the
teeth contiguous, the teeth narrow, 1 mm long or less. Gians
ovoid from a truncate base, about 1.5 cm long and wide, about
two-thirds contained within the cup, puberulent, apiculate.
Luzon, Cagayan Province, Pamplona, For. Bur. 26973 Velasco, August
9, 1917, in forests, altitude about 60 meters.
The alliance of this species is not entirely clear, but it is apparently
most closely related to Quercus llanosii A. DC., from which, however, it
is distinguished by numerous characters. It is one of the species that is
difficult to place as between the sections Pasania and Cyclobalanus, but
I have placed it in the latter section as the scales have free apices and are
not imbricate; the zones are indistinct, distant below, and contiguous above.
QUERCUS MABESAE sp. nov. § Pasania.
Arbor circiter 20 m alta, ramulis et subtus foliis minute
brunneo-puberulis vel pubescentibus; foliis coriaceis, oblongis,
usque ad 14 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi
acutis, apice tenuiter acuminatis, supra glabris, vel junioribus
leviter puberulis, laevis, nitidis, in siccitate brunneis, subtus
subconcoloribus vel paullo pallidioribus ; nervis utrinque circiter
9, perspicuis, curvatis, obscure anastomosantibus, reticulis sub-
8 The Philippine Journal of Science 19 is
obsoletis ; cupulis 2 cm diametro, circiter 1.5 cm altis, truneatis,
utrinque dense pubescentibus, zonis circiter 10, contiguis, den-
tibus numerosis, confertis, 1.5 ad 2 mm longis; glans oblongo-
ovoideis, glabris, nitidis, 2.5 cm longis et 1.7 cm diametro.
A tree about 20 m high, the branchlets and lower surface
of the leaves minutely brownish puberulent or pubescent.
Branches subterete, smooth, subolivaceous. Leaves oblong,
coriaceous, 9 to 14 cm long, 3.5 to 6 cm wide, entire, base acute,
apex slenderly acuminate, the acumen about 1 cm long, obtuse,
the upper surface glabrous, smooth, shining, brownish when
dry, or when young slightly puberulent, the lower surface of
the same color or slightly paler, brownish-pubescent with very
short hairs; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib,
prominent, curved, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations
slender, obscure, often nearly obsolete ; petioles eastaneous-
pubescent, about 5 mm long. Infructescence a simple spike
about 10 cm long, the rachis rather stout, pubescent, each
bearing but few fruits. Cups cupshaped, 2 cm in diameter,
about 1.5 cm high, truncate, densely pubescent with pale-
brownish hairs on both surfaces, sessile, the zones about 10,
contiguous, the teeth numerous, crowded, oblong, acuminate, 1.5
to 2 cm long. Gians oblong-ovoid, glabrous, shining, brown
when dry, 2.5 cm long, 1.7 cm in diameter, apiculate, the lower
7 mm included within the cup.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, For. Bur. 26915 Mabesa,
September 19, 1917, on forested ridges, altitude 300 meters and above,
locally known as ulayan.
In vegetative characters this species closely resembles Quercus lipacon
Elm. of Mindanao, but is entirely different in its fruit characters. The
cups strongly resemble those of Quercus jordanae Laguna, but the present
species is not otherwise closely allied to that species.
URTICACEAE
ELATOSTEMA Forster
ELATOSTEMA GRACI LI FOLI U M sp. nov.
Herba erecta, 20 ad 40 cm alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra,
dioica, ramosa, ramis gracilis, adscendentibus ; foliis lineari-
lanceolatis, usque ad 4 cm longis et 6 mm latis, acuminatis,
leviter falcatis, inaequilateralibus, utrinque acutis, margine
utrinque dentibus 4 ad 6 conspicuis instructis; inflorescentiis $
axillaribus, solitariis, sessilibus, bracteis exterioribus orbicula-
ribus, circiter 3 mm diametro, margine perspicue ciliatis, ad
apicem perspicue corniculato-apiculatis, interioribus multo mi-
xiii, c, i Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 9
noribus, circiter 2 mm longis, obovatis, ad oblongo-obovatis vel
obovato-spatulatis, navicularibus, haud corniculatis ; floribus
4-meris.
A slender, erect, branched herb 20 to 40 cm high, glabrous
except the inflorescences. Stems greenish when dry, about 3
mm in diameter, the branches slender, ascending, up to 16 cm
in length, less than 1 mm in diameter, with numerous cystoliths.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, somewhat falcate, subchartaceous, dark-
green when dry, 3 to 4 cm long, 3 to 6 mm wide, slenderly
acuminate, base acute, somewhat inequilateral, both surfaces
with numerous, irregularly arranged cystoliths, margins prom-
inently and sharply toothed above the middle, 4 to 6 teeth on
each side; wider side of the leaf with a single ascending nerve
leaving the midrib 2 to 3 mm above the base and extending one-
fourth to one-third to the apex, the nerves and reticulations
otherwise obsolete; petioles 0.5 mm long. Staminate inflores-
cences axillary, sessile, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, ciliate, the outer
two bracts orbicular, 3 mm in diameter, the tip with a 0.5 mm
long apiculus, margins prominently glabrous, the inner ones
smaller, the innermost about 2 mm long, oblong-obovate to oblong
or oblong-spatulate, navicular, hooded, ciliate toward the tips,
not corniculate. Staminate flowers 4-merous, their pedicels up
to 1.5 mm long, the perianth about 1 mm long, the segments
obscurely penicillate.
Luzon, Nueva Ecija Province, Mount Umingan, Bur. Sci. 26J,.28 Radios
& Edano, August 18, 1916, on rocks in forests.
A most characteristic species readily distinguished by its slender branches
and very narrow, prominently toothed leaves, which, except for the midrib
and single basal nerves, are without evident nerves or reticulations.
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
ARISTOLOCH I A Linnaeus
ARISTOLOCH I A HUMMUS sp. nov.
Species A. philippinensis Warb. affinis. Suffrutex erectus cir-
citer 40 cm altus, simplex vel parce ramosus; foliis membrana-
ceis ad chartaceis, ovatis ad oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 25 cm
longis, supra olivaceis, nitidis, glabris, subtus pallidioribus et
parce pubescentibus, basi subacutis ad rotundatis, apice acutis,
obtusis, vel latissime obtuse acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter
7, prominentibus, adscendentibus ; racemis axillaribus, usque ad
6 cm longis; floribus tenuibus, circiter 3 cm longis; fruetibus
oblongo-ellipsoideis, circiter 2.5 cm longis, 6-carinatis, apice ob-
tusis, basi acuminato-attenuatis.
10 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
An erect undershrub about 40 cm high, simple or sparingly
branched, the stems 5 to 10 cm thick, terete, brownish, glabrous,
the younger parts sparingly pubescent. Leaves few, 4 to 7 on
each plant, ovate to oblong-obovate, membranaceous to charta-
ceous, 13 to 25 cm long, 6 to 11 cm wide, the upper surface
olivaceous, glabrous, shining, the lower paler, sparingly pubescent
with very short hairs on the midrib, nerves, and reticulations,
the base subacute to rounded, the apex acute, obtuse, or broadly
and bluntly acuminate; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of
the midrib, prominent, ascending, anastomosing, the reticula-
tions lax, prominent; petioles 2 to 3 cm long, sparingly pubes-
cent, becoming nearly or quite glabrous. Racemes axillary, 4
to 6 cm long, or when young much shorter, many flowered, but
only one or two flowers developing at one time, the bracts oblong,
somewhat pubescent. Flowers apparently purplish, slender,
about 3 cm long, their pedicels 3 to 4 mm in length. Ovary
oblong, somewhat keeled, about 3 rrim long, the corolla-tube above
the ovary slender, cylindric, about 7 mm long, the inflated part
ovoid or ellipsoid, base somewhat inequilateral, about 6 mm long,
the cylindric tube above the inflated part 5 to 7 mm long, the
limb 1-lipped, the lip linear to linear-oblanceolate, about 18 mm
long, 3 to 4 mm wide. Anthers 6, the cells contiguous. Cap-
sule brown when dry, glabrous, oblong-ellipsoid, about 2.5 cm
long, 6-keeled, the apex obtuse, the base attenuate-acuminate.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28480 (type),
28838 Ramos & Edano, May, 1917 ; Infanta-Siniloan trail, Ramos s. n.,
June 14, 1917; Mount Pular, Bur. Sci. 19423 Ramos, January 21, 1913,
along streams in damp forests at low altitudes.
The alliance of this species is manifestly with Aristolochia philippinensis
Warb., from which it differs in very numerous characters, notably in its
low stature and larger, differently shaped leaves.
MENISPERMACEAE
COCCULUS de Candolle
COCCULUS SARMENTOSUS (Lour.) Diels, var. STENOPHYLLUS var.
nov.
A typo differt foliis lanceolatis, oblongo-lanceolatis, vel oblan-
ceolatis, basi acutis, 3 ad 5 cm longis, 8 ad 15 mm latis.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27231 Ramos, March 4
1917, climbing on trees in forests at low altitudes.
This form differs so radically from the typical form of the species, which
is represented by Bur. Sci. 27213 Ramos from the same locality, that I
believe that it is worthy of at least varietal rank. In this connection
Clemens 749 from Camp Keithley, Mindanao, cited under Cocculus sar-
XIII, C, 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
11
mentosus (Lour.) Diels and also under Hypserpa jagori Diels,3 pertains
entirely to Cocculus and represents a form distinctly allied to the variety
stenophylla Merr., but with larger leaves which attain a length to 7.5
cm and a breadth of 2.6 cm.
MAGNOLIACEAE
M I C H E L I A Linnaeus
MICHELIA PLATYFH YLLA sp. nov.
Arbor glabra ; foliis oblongo-ellipticis, chartaceis, usque^ ad 30
cm longis et 13 cm latis, obtuse acuminatis, basi subacutis, in
siccitate pallidis vel subolivaceis, utrinque nitidis, nervis utrin-
que 18 ad 23, perspicuis; floribus longe pedicellatis, perianthii
segmentis circiter 12, oblanceolatis, acuminatis, 2.5 cm longis;
antheris circiter 25, 12 mm longis.
A glabrous tree, the branchlets terete, smooth, about 5 mm in
diameter, dark-brown, marked with a few conspicuous lenticels
and the conspicuous stipular scars, the internodes 2 to 3 cm
long. Leaves chartaceous, oblong-elliptic, 23 to 30 cm long, 9
to 13 cm wide, when dry pale or subolivaceous, shining on both
surfaces, the base subacute, the apex shortly and obtusely acu-
minate; lateral nerves 18 to 23 on each side of the midrib,
conspicuous on both surfaces as are the rather close, raised retic-
ulations ; petioles 2 to 3 cm long ; stipules lanceolate, dark-brown
and rugose when dry, about 6 mm long, deciduous. Flowers
white, axillary, solitary, their pedicels 4 to 5 cm long, with a
rather conspicuous bracteole scar above the middle. Buds
oblong-ovoid, brown when dry, acute, about 2.5 cm long, the
bud-scale splitting down one side, deciduous. Perianth-segments
about 12, oblanceolate, acuminate, the outer ones about 2.5 cm
long and 1 cm wide, the inner ones smaller and narrower.
Stamens about 25, the anthers linear, 12 mm long.
Leyte, Burauen, Cagangon, For. Bur. 26866 Tomeldan, May 21, 1917,
in semi-open country (parang) at an altitude of 50 meters, locally known
as hanguilo.
This species is well characterized by its remarkably large leaves. Its
alliance is with the extra-Philippine Michelia montana Blume, to which,
however, it is not very closely related.
MQNIMIACEAE
MATTHAEA Blume
MATTHAEA INTERMEDIA sp. nov.
Frutex circiter 4 m altus inflorescentiis exceptis glaber, ra-
mulis brunneis vel atro-brunneis ; foliis subcoriaceis, oblongo-
3 Engl. Pflanzenreich 46 (1910) 211, 232.
12 The Philippine Journal of Science i9is
eliipticis, usque ad 13 cm longis, integerrimis, breviter acute
acuminatis, basi rotundatis et leviter decurrento-acuminatis, in
siccitate subolivaceis, subtus pallidioribus ; nervis primariis cir-
citer 8, distinctis, supra haud impressis; inflorescentiis axilla-
ribus, pedunculatis, depauperato-cymosis, pubescentibus, 1 ad 2
cm longis ; receptaculis $ depresso-turbinatis, pubescentibus, cir-
citer 4 mm diametro, tepalis reniformibus, rotundatis, circiter
1.5 mm longis; antheris 3 vel 4, confertis, sessilibus, connectivo
haud producto.
A shrub about 4 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence.
Branches and branchlets terete, smooth, the former straw-colored,
the latter reddish-brown or dark-brown when dry. Leaves sub-
coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, entire, 8 to 13 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide,
the apex shortly and acutely acuminate, base rounded and some-
what decurrent-acuminate, shining when dry, the upper surface
subolivaceous, the lower somewhat paler ; primary lateral nerves
about 8 on each side of the midrib, spreading, rather prom-
inently arched-anastomosing distant from the margin, not at
all impressed on the upper surface and scarcely projecting on
the lower surface, the reticulations lax; petioles dark-brown, 1
to 1.5 cm long. Staminate inflorescences axillary, depauperate-
cymose, few-flowered, peduncled, 1 to 2 cm long, appressed-pub-
escent with short, brownish hairs. Receptacles depressed-tur-
binate, externally sparingly pubescent, about 4 mm in diameter,
the bracts oblong, pubescent, 1.5 mm long, the pedicels 5 mm
long or less. Tepals subreniform, rounded, about 1.5 mm long,
glabrous. Anthers 3 or 4, sessile or subsessile, broadly ovoid or
orbicular-ovoid, 1 mm long, the connectives not produced.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28 6 H Ramos &
Edaho, May, 1917, in forests, altitude about 1,000 meters.
If the entire leaves be any criterion this species comes near Matthaea
calophylla Perk, and M. latifolia Perk., but it is not otherwise closely
allied to these species. It seems to be much more closely allied to Mat-
thaea sancta Blume, and in many respects is very similar to the entire-
leaved forms of M. sancta Blume var. venulosa Perk. From this it is
easily distinguished by its olivaceous leaves, its dark-brown branchlets,
and the lateral nerves rather obscure and not at all impressed on the
upper surface of the leaves.
CAPP ARID ACE AE
CAPPARIS Linnaeus
CAPPARIS LONGIPES sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, glaber; foliis lanceolatis, membranaceis ad
chartaceis, usque ad 11 cm longis, acutissime acuminatis, basi
acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 15, distinctis; infructescentiis
XIII, C, 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
13
axillaribus, tenuibus, parce ramosis, usque ad 20 cm longis;
fructibus longe pedicellatis, globosis, circiter 12 mm diametro.
A scandent glabrous shrub, the branches slender, terete, brown-
ish or olivaceous, the ultimate branchlets about 1 mm in diameter,
the stipular spines straight, usually about 2 mm long. Leaves
lanceolate, membranaceous to chartaceous, green or greenish-
olivaceous when dry, somewhat shining, 7 to 11 cm long, 2 to 3
cm wide, narrowed upward to the very slender apex, sharply
acute-acuminate, base acute ; lateral nerves about 15 on each side
of the midrib, slender, distinct on both surfaces, anastomosing,
the primary reticulations lax, the ultimate ones close, both dis-
tinct; petioles 2 to 3 mm long. Infructescences axillary, very
slender, sparingly branched, up to 20 cm in length, each branch
bearing a single fruit, its pedicel about 3 cm long. Fruit globose,
brown when dry, glabrous, about 12 mm in diameter.
Luzon, A'ora Province, Mount Posuey, Bur. Sci. 26980 Ramos, February
4, 1917, in forests along streams and on cliffs.
A remarkable species on account of its greatly elongated, axillary,
very slender infructescences. Its alliance is with Capparis loheri Merr.,
from which it is distinguished not only by its infructescence but also by
its much smaller, entirely glabrous leaves.
CAPPARIS ILOCANA sp. nov.
Frutex glaber, ut videtur scandens, ramis ramulisque tereti-
bus ; foliis membranaceis vel chartaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, usque
ad 7 cm longis, apice breviter acuteque acuminatis, basi obtusis,
nervis utrinque circiter 10, tenuibus, distinctis; inflorescentiis
terminalibus, umbellatis, 5- vel 6-floris; floribus longe pedicella-
tis, pedicellis 2 ad 2.5 cm longis, alabastro globoso, 5 mm dia-
metro.
A glabrous shrub, apparently scandent, the branches slender,
terete, brownish-black when dry, the stipular spines very short,
straight, about 1 mm long, the branchlets pale-greenish. Leaves
pale-greenish when dry, oblong-elliptic, membranaceous to char-
taceous, 5 to 7 cm long, 2.5 to 3.5 cm wide, slightly shining, the
apex shortly and acutely acuminate, base obtuse; lateral nerves
about 10 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct, anas-
tomosing, the primary reticulations lax, the ultimate ones close,
indistinct; petioles 2 to 4 mm long. Inflorescence a simple
terminal, few-flowered umbel, the flowers usually 5 or 6, their
pedicels 2 to 2.5 cm long. Buds globose, about 5 mm in diameter.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur Sci. 27120 Ramos, March
18, 1917, in thickets near the sea.
A species characterized by its terminal, simple, few-flowered umbels
14
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
of long-pedicelled flowers. It may be as closely allied to Capparis sepiaria
Linn, as to any other species, but it is entirely different from the numerous
forms of this Linnean species in its vegetative and inflorescence characters.
ROSACEAE
RUBUS Linnaeus
RUBUS E DAN 01 1 sp. nov. § Malachobatus, Elongati.
Frutex scandens, minute aculeatus, ramulis et inflorescentiis
pilosis; foliis simplicibus, coriaceis, ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis,
usque ad 12 cm longis, acute acuminatis, basi truncato-rotundatis
cordatisque, prominente 5- vel 7-nerviis, nervis lateralibus utrin-
que 5 ad 7, rectis, adscendentibus, in pagina superiore ad costa
nervisque pilosis, subtus pilosis et minute leviter aculeatis,
margine apiculato-dentatis ; inflorescentiis terminalibus, elonga-
tis, circiter 20 cm longis, dense subadpresse pilosis; sepalis
oblongo-ovatis ad ovato-lanceolatis, circiter 6 mm longis, petalis
brevibus, caducis, oblongo-obovatis, circiter 4 mm longis, basi
angustatis, apice prominente dentatis.
A scandent shrub, the branches terete, brown, more or less
pilose, and with small, reflexed, scattered aculei 1 mm long or
less. Leaves simple, thickly coriaceous, olivaceous, ovate to
oblong-ovate, 6 to 12 cm long, 3 to 7 cm wide, shining, apex
sharply acuminate, base broadly truncate-rounded and distinctly
cordate, prominently 5- or 7-nerved, the nerves straight, the
primary ones all ascending, 5 to 7 on each side of the midrib,
the primary reticulations subparallel, prominent, the margins
acuminate-dentate, the upper surface glabrous or pilose on the
midrib and lateral nerves, the lower surface pilose on the midrib
and nerves and also with few scattered, minute aculei ; petioles
pilose, minutely aculeate, 1 to 1.5 cm long; stipules narrowly
oblong, free or nearly so, deciduous, about 4 mm long. Panicles
terminal, narrow, up to 20 cm long, pilose, the younger parts very
densely so, slightly aculeate, the lower branches 3 cm long or
less, spreading, widely scattered. Flowers about 1.8 cm in dia-
meter, their pedicels 10 mm long or less. Sepals oblong-ovate
to ovate-lanceolate, somewhat acuminate, externally densely
pilose with pale appressed hairs, internally densely cinereous-
puberulent. Petals thin, glabrous, caducous, narrowly oblong-
obovate, about 4 mm long, glabrous, base narrowed, apex
prominently toothed. Stamens indefinite. Carpels few, usually
6 or fewer, glabrous or with very few scattered hairs, including
the slender styles 2 to 2.5 mm long.
xm. c,i Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 15
Luzon, Nueva Ecija Province, Mount Umingan, Bur. Sci. 26505 Ramos
& Edano, September 6, 1916, in the mossy forest, altitude 300 meters.
A species allied to Rubus cumingii O. Kuntze, from which it is distin-
guished at once, among other characters, by its sharply acuminate leaves.
Rubus cumingii 0. Kuntze is figured by Focke, a photogravure of the type
specimen, Species Ruborum Bibl. Bot. 17 (1910) 59, fig. 21.
CONNARACEAE
CONNARUS Linnaeus
CONNARUS SUBFOVEOLATUS sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, ramulis junioribus inflorescentiisque exceptis
glaber; foliis trifoliolatis, foliolis ovatis ad subeliipticis, usque
ad 13 cm longis, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, utrinque jejune
foveolatis, basi obtusis, apice subabrupte et prominente acumi-
natis, nervis utrinque 4, adscendentibus, perspicuis; paniculis
axillaribus et terminalibus, usque ad 12 cm longis, ferrugineo-
pubescentibus ; floribus circiter 3 mm longis, petalis in siccitate
verruculosis, glabris, perspicue rubro-glandulosis ; carpellis soli-
tariis, subglobosis, pubescentibus.
A scandent shrub attaining a length of about 6 m, glabrous -
except the branchlets and inflorescences, the branches terete,
brown, about 4 mm in diameter, lenticellate, the young branch-
lets sparingly pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate, the petiole and
rachis 6 to 7 cm long. Leaflets firmly chartaceous, ovate to
subelliptic, 9 to 13 cm long, 4.5 to 6.5 cm wide, pale and shining
when dry, both surfaces manifestly and densely foveolate, the
pits shallow, base obtuse, sometimes minutely peltate, the apex
rather abruptly and prominently acuminate, the acumen blunt
and 8 to - 12 mm long; lateral nerves 4 on each side of the
midrib, prominent, curved-ascending, anastomosing; petiolules
3 to 5 mm long. Panicles axillary and terminal, up to 12 cm
in length, rather lax, densely ferruginous-pubescent with short
simple hairs. Flowers brownish-pink, their pedicels 1 to 2 mm
long. Sepals oblong, obtuse, pubescent, 2 mm long. Petals
narrowly oblong, obtuse, 3 to 3.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, verru-
culose when dry, glabrous, prominently glandular with reddish
glands. Carpels solitary, subglobose, pubescent; styles 3 mm
long, glabrous.
Luzon, Apayao Subprovince, Ngagan, Bur. Sci. 282 h0 Fenix, May 8,
1917, in damp forests.
A species strongly characterized by its trifoliolate leaves and the
densely and shallowly foveolate leaflets.
16 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
LEGUMINOSAE
AIL BUZZ I A Durazzini
ALBiZZI A MEGALADENIA sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 8 m alta, subglabra, partibus junioribus leviter
pubescentibus ; foliis 14 ad 18 cm longis, petiolis et rachibus
inter pinnis ultimis glandulis magnis ovoideis instructis; pinnis
6- ad 9-jugatis, 5 ad 7 cm longis; foliolis 20- ad 30-jugatis,
oblongis, obtusis, 5 ad 7 mm longis, inaequilateralibus ; f ructibus
anguste oblongis, usque ad 8 cm longis, circiter 1.4 cm latis,
obtusis, nitidis, reticulatis; seminibus 15 ad 20, contiguis.
A tree about 8 m high, nearly glabrous. Branches terete,
glabrous, dark reddish-brown or nearly black when dry, the
branchlets paler in color, also glabrous. Leaves bipinnate, 14 to
18 cm long, 6- to 9-jugate, the petiole at or above the middle with
a very prominent, dark-brown, ovoid, projecting, 7 to 9 mm
long gland, a similar but smaller one usually present between the
ultimate pinnae ; pinnae 5 to 7 cm long, the rachis very sparingly
pubescent; leaflets oblong, inequilateral, glabrous or nearly so,
20 to 30 pairs on each pinna, 5 to 7 mm long, 1,5 to 2 mm wide,
rounded at the apex, the base rounded on the broader side,
subacute or obtuse on the narrow side, the nerves indistinct.
Pods brownish when dry, shining, somewhat reticulate, narrowly
oblong, 7 to 8 cm long, about 1.4 cm wide, rather thin, rounded
at the apex, the base acuminate, margins somewhat thickened;
seeds 15 to 20, contiguous, subelliptic, compressed, about 4 mm
long.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Umiray, Bur. Sci. 29023 Ramos & Edano,
June, 1917, in forests along the Umiray River.
This species in vegetative characters somewhat resembles Albizzia leb-
bekoides Benth., but is entirely different in its fruit characters, and in
its remarkably large, ovoid, projecting petiolar and rachis glands. The
pods, although much smaller, resemble those of Leucaena glauca Benth.,
but are indehiscent and reticulate.
NEPTUNIA Loureiro
NEPTUNIA DEPAUPERATA sp. nov.
Suffrutex prostratus e basi lignosus, usque ad 40 cm longis,
ramosis, ramis ramulisque tenuibus, teretibus vel ramulis obscu-
rissime angulosis; foliis 1.5 ad 3 cm longis, 1- ad 4-jugatis;
foliolis oblongis, 2 ad 3 cm longis, eonfertis, crassis, margine
leviter ciliatis, obscurissime venosis; capitulis axillaribus, soli-
tariis, pedunculatis ; floribus 5-meris, staminibus 5 ; floribus
inferioribus neutris, staminoideis petaloideis, circiter 10 mm Ion-
xiii, c, i Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 17
gis, lineari-oblanceolatis, planis; ovario 6-ovulatis; leguminibus
oblongis, planis, 2 cm longis.
A prostrate undershrub from a much thickened woody root,
the branches spreading, prostrate, distinctly woody, slender,
up to 40 cm in length, branched, the branches and branchlets
dark reddish-brown, glabrous,- terete, or the ultimate ones very
obscurely angular. Leaves 1.5 to 3 cm long, 1- to 4-jugate, the
pinnae 1 cm long or less ; leaflets 12 to 16 pairs, sessile, oblong,
thick, 2 to 3 mm long, obscurely nerved, base inequilaterally
rounded, apex obtuse to minutely apiculate, margins in young
leaves sparingly ciliate; stipules inequilateral, slenderly acumi-
nate, ovate, about 3 mm long. Heads axillary, yellow, their
peduncles slender, 2 to 3 cm long. Lower flowers neuter. Calyx
less than 1 mm long. Petals somewhat oblong-oblanceolate, 2 mm
long, free. Staminodes petaloid, yellow, flat, membranaceous,
linear-oblanceolate, about 1 cm long. Perfect flowers : Calyx 1.5
to 2 mm long, the teeth 5, ovate, obtuse to subacute, 0.5 mm long.
Petals 5, free, about 2.5 mm long, oblong-spatulate. Filaments
filiform, 4 mm long; anthers oblong-elliptic, 1 mm long, falling
very soon after anthesis, tipped with a minute sessile gland.
Ovary subsessile, compressed, oblong, inequilateral, glabrous;
ovules about 6; style 3 mm long. Pods oblong, thin, brown,
about 2 cm long and 5 mm wide, minutely apiculate.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27169 Ramos, March 13,
1917, in old dry rice paddies at low altitudes.
This species in many respects resembles Neptunia triquetra Benth.,
which extends from India to Indo-China, but is smaller, with much smaller
leaves, and with but five stamens, and very different staminodes. It is
distinctly woody, the root being much thickened, the prostrate stems not
at all herbaceous. On account of its five stamens its true alliance is with
the Australian Neptunia gracilis Benth. and N. monosperma P. Muell.,
being more distinctly allied to the former. It is easily distinguished from
Neptunia gracilis Benth. by its much smaller leaflets.
CROTALAR ! A Linnaeus
CROTALAR1A TRI FOLI ASTRU M Willd. Sp. PI. 3 (1806) 983.
Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27265 Ramos, March
15, 1917, in open places near streams at low altitudes.
Tropical Asia to northeastern Australia; new to the Philippines.
SPATHOLOBUS Hasskarl
SPATHOLOBUS PHILIPPINENS1S sp. nov.
Frutex scandens inflorescentiis exceptis glaber ; f oliolis
oblongo-ovatis ad ovatis, chartaceis, usque ad 11 cm longis,
obtusis, glaberrimis, nervis utrinque circiter 7 ; leguminibus cir-
citer 11 cm longis et 3 cm latis, in siccitate brunneis, nitidis,
153049 2
18
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
leviter falcatis, utrinque obtusis vd apice breviter apiculatis,
valvis perspicue reticulatis.
A scandent shrub of indefinite length, entirely glabrous except
the somewhat ferruginous-pilose inflorescences. Branches and
branchlets slender, terete, reddish-brown, smooth. Leaves 3-
foliolate, the petioles 2.5 to 6 cm long; leaflets firmly chartaceous,
oblong-ovate to ovate, brownish or pale-olivaceous when dry,
shining, 7 to 11 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, base usually rounded,
apex usually obtuse; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the
midrib, distinct, the reticulations evident and rather close on
both surfaces. Panicles terminal and in the upper axils, some-
what ferruginous-pilose with subappressed hairs as are the very
young calyces. Mature flowers not seen, the panicles before an-
thesis up to 16 cm in length. Pods glabrous, shining, brownish
when dry, thin, in general oblong, somewhat falcate, about 11 cm
long and 3 cm wide, base inequilaterally rounded, apex rounded
or obtuse, often slightly apiculate, the valves conspicuously re-
ticulate.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, For. Bur. 26841 Mabesa,
July 23, 1917, along trails on rather open slopes, altitude 100 to 200 meters.
The same species is represented by Bur. Sci. 2630 Ramos and For. Bur.
466 Ahern’s collector, from Rizal Province, Luzon, both of these specimens
being with very young buds.
Spatholobus philippinensis Merr. is entirely different from the few other
representatives of the genus known from the Philippines. It is well char-
acterized by being entirely glabrous except for the sparingly pubescent
inflorescences. In vegetative characters it is somewhat similar to Spath-
olobus harmandii Gagnep. of Indo-China.
RUTACEAE
EVODIA Forster
EVODIA GLABERRiMA sp. nov.
Frutex glaberrimus, foliis 1- ad 3-foIiolatis ; foliolis oblongis
ad oblongo-lanceolatis, in siccitate nitidis, viridi-olivaceis, utrin-
que acuminatis, papyraceis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter
16, patulis, anastomosantibus, utrinque perspicue glandulosis;
paniculis axillaribus, 3 ad 4 cm longis, paucifloris, floribus cir-
citer 3 mm longis.
An erect, entirely glabrous shrub, the branches and branchlets
pale when dry, slender, terete. Leaves opposite, 1- to 3-foliolate
on the same branch, the petioles 3 to 5 cm long, the petiolules 1
cm long or less and like the petioles glandular-punctate ; leaflets
chartaceous, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, greenish-olivaceous and
shining when dry, conspicuously glandular-punctate on both sur-
xiii, c, i Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 19
faces, subequally narrowed to the acuminate base and apex, the
apical acumen obtuse, stout, about 1 cm long; primary lateral
nerves about 16 on each side of the midrib, spreading, distinct,
anastomosing, the reticulations distinct. Panicles axillary,
solitary, 3 to 4 cm long, peduncled, narrowly pyramidal, few-
flowered, the lower branches 1 cm long or less. Young flowers
about 3 mm long, the petals 4, oblong, obtuse, glandular. Sepals,
ovate, obtuse, 1 mm long. Staminodes 4, about 1 mm long.
Ovary glabrous, deeply 4-lobed, the immature carpels brown,
about 3.5 mm long.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28864 Ramos &
Edano, May 20, 1917, in forests along streams at low altitudes.
The alliance of this species is apparently with Evodia ternata (Blanco)
Merr., from which it is readily distinguished by its thicker leaflets which
vary in number from 1 to 3; its short, few-flowered inflorescences; and
in being entirely glabrous in all parts.
TETRACTOM I A Hooker f.
TETRACTOM I A PACHYPHYLLA sp. nov.
Arbor glabra, circiter 15 m alta, ramis crassis, rugosis, cicat-
ricibus perspicuis instructis; foliis crasse coriaceis, obovatis, in
siccitate olivaceis vel olivaceo-brunneis, usque ad 11 cm longis,
apice latissime rotundatis, basi cuneatis, obscure punctatis, ner-
vis utrinque circiter 8; inflorescentiis usque ad 15 cm longis,
longe pedunculatis ; floribus circiter 5 mm diametro, petalis
latissime ovatis, acutis vel obscure acuminatis, circiter 2.5 mm
longis latisque.
A glabrous tree about 15 m high. Branches stout, rugose,
about 6 mm in diameter, grayish or grayish-brown, marked with
numerous large petiolar scars. Leaves thickly coriaceous, obo-
vate, 6 to 11 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, shining, olivaceous or
brownish-olivaceous when dry, the lower surface often paler
than the upper, the apex very broadly rounded, the base cuneate,
the upper surface obscurely pitted, the lower obscurely glan-
dular-punctate ; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib,
rather conspicuous, anastomosing, the reticulations lax ; petioles
1 to 2 cm long. Inflorescences from the upper axils and sub-
terminal, long-peduncled, up to 15 cm long, the branches few,
the lower primary ones up to 6 cm in length. Flowers fragrant,
yellowish-green, dark-brown when dry, about 5 mm in diameter,
somewhat crowded on the ultimate branchlets, shortly pedicelled.
Calyx somewhat turbinate, 2.5 to 3 mm in diameter, shallowly
toothed. Petals broadly ovate, about 2.5 mm long and wide,
acute or somewhat acuminate. Filaments about 3 mm long.
20 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
Staminodes 0.5 mm long or less, or sometimes obsolete, the
petals then with an evident gland in the median portion.
Mindanao, Surigao Province (Dinagat Island), For. Bur. 26985 Ponce,
July 22, 1917, in thin poor soil on semi-open slopes, altitude about 20
meters.
The alliance of this species is manifestly with Tetractomia tetrandra
(Roxb.) Merr. in Journ. Str. Branch Roy. As. Soc. 76 (1917) 87 (T. rox-
burghii Hook, f.), from which it is distinguished especially by its differently
shaped leaves which are broadly rounded at their apices.
POLYGALACEAE
POLYGALA Linnaeus
POLYGALA CARDIOCARPA Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 41 2 (1872)
293; Gagnep. in Lecomte FI. Gen. Indo-Chine 1 (1899) 253.
Negros, near Dumaguete, Eskridge s. n., 1913, with the Visayan name
chicate.
This species, previously reported only from Burma and Indo-China,
is allied to Polygala triphylla Ham. The Philippine specimen agrees closely
with duplicates of Thorel’s Mekong collections cited by Gagnepain as
representing Kurz’s species.
POLYGALA ELONGATA Klein in Willd. Sp. PI. 3 (1806) 879.
Mindanao, Bukidnon Subprovince, Tanculan, Bur. Sci. 26016 Fenix,
July 12, 1916, in open grasslands: Cotabato District, Makar, Copeland s. n.,
December, 1911.
This species is reported only from India. The identification of the
above specimens has been made entirely from the descriptions; they seem
to conform more closely to the form described by Hasskarl as Polygala
eumekes which Chodat has reduced to Polygala elongata Klein as forma
heyneana (Wall.) Chodat.
HIPPOCRATEACEAE
HIPPOCRATEA Linnaeus
H1PPOCRATEA MEGALOCARPA sp. hov.
Frutex scandens, glaber; foliis coriaceis, integris, ellipticis ad
late ellipticis, apice rotundatis vel brevissime abrupte obtuseque
acuminatis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6, distinctis; capsulis oblongo-
ellipticis circiter 10 cm longis et 4 cm latis, seminibus 5.
A scandent glabrous shrub, the branches and branchlets terete,
brownish. Leaves elliptic to broadly elliptic, entire, coriaceous,
rather pale and slightly shining when dry, of the same color
on both surfaces, 7 to 13 cm long, 5 to 10 cm wide, apex rounded
or very shortly and abruptly blunt-acuminate, base usually
rounded ; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, rather
prominent, reticulations lax; petioles stout, 8 to 10 mm long.
XIII, C, 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
21
Capsules hard, flattened, oblong-elliptic, about 10 cm long and
4 cm wide, apex rounded, base obtuse, subequally narrowed at
both ends, the valves pale, somewhat shining, more or less
woody. Seeds 5 in each capsule, the seed proper 2 to 2.2 cm
long, about 8 mm wide, brown, narrowed upward, compressed,
the basal part a prominent, smooth submembranaceous wing
attaining a length of 6 cm and a width of 2.7 cm.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, For Bur. 2U921 Mabesa ,
December 16, 1915, on dry ridges along the Puting Lupa trail, altitude
about 177 meters.
A characteristic species distinguishable by its elliptic entire leaves and
its unusually large fruits.
HIPPOCRATEA TRICHOPETALA sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, infiorescentiis dense subferrugineo-pubes-
centibus exceptis glaber ; ramis ramulisque teretibus, rubro-
brunneis vel atro-brunneis ; foliis ellipticis, subcoriaceis, usque
ad 10 cm longis, in siccitate utrinque pallidis nitidisque, apice
rotundatis, basi acutis, nervis primariis utrinque 6 vel 7, dis-
tinctis; cymis axillaribus, pedunculatis, paucifloris, 2 ad 3 cm
longis, floribus circiter 9 mm diametro, petalis oblongis, acutis,
circiter 4.5 mm longis, extus dense puberulis, intus in \ superiore
parte perspicue pilosis; discus carnosus, circiter 2.5 mm dia-
metro, apice densissime pilosus.
A scandent shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence, the
branches and branchlets slender, terete, smooth, dark-brown or
reddish-brown. Leaves elliptic, pale and shining on both sur-
faces when dry, 6 to 10 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, apex rounded,
base acute, entire; primary nerves 6 or 7 on each side of the
midrib, distinct, anastomosing, the reticulations prominent on
the lower surface; petioles about 5 mm long. Cymes axillary,
few-flowered, peduncled, 2 to 3 cm long, all parts subferruginous-
pubescent with short hairs or the peduncles glabrous, dichoto-
mously branched, the branches about 1 cm long. Flowers green,
about 9 mm in diameter, the buds ellipsoid, rounded, their
pedicels up to 6 mm in length. Calyx about 3 mm in diameter,
short, the teeth 5, very short, acute. Petals oblong, outside
densely puberulent, inside in the upper one-half and on the
margins conspicuously and densely pilose with weak crisped
hairs, acute, about 4.5 mm long. Disk fleshy, 2.5 mm in diam-
eter, about 1.5 mm high, glabrous on the sides, the margin
densely pilose with crisped hairs. Stamens 3, the filaments very
broad, short, the anthers about 1 mm in diameter. Ovary ovoid,
22 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
sunk in the disk, glabrous, triangular, 3-celled, the stigma sub-
sessile, minutely 3-lobed. Fruits unknown.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Umiray, Bur. Sci. 28958 Ramos & Edano,
June 2, 1917, in forests along the Umiray River.
This most characteristic species is readily distinguished by its pale,
elliptic, rounded leaves and especially by its petals being conspicuously
pilose in the upper one-half inside, the hairs about 1 mm long. In its
petal characters it is very similar to Hippocratea cumingii Laws., which
must be typified by the Malacca specimen cited ( Griffith ) to which the
description applies; the Philippine specimen, Cuming 1725 from Samar,
is not cited by Lawson in the original description and may or may not
represent the same species as the Malacca one.
SALACIA Linnaeus
SALACIA EUPHLEBIA sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, glaber, ramis teretibus, junioribus obscure
angulatis; foliis oblongis, coriaceis, olivaceis, nitidis, usque ad
15 cm longis, basi acutis ad subrotundatis, apice acuminatis,
margine distanter apiculato-serrulatis ; nervis utrinque circiter 9,
subtus prominentibus, anastomosantibus, reticulis laxis, distinc-
tis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, solitariis, quam petiolo breviori-
bus, depauperato-cymosis vel floribus f asciculatis ; floribus 5-
meris, circiter 3 mm longis, breviter pedicellatis.
A scandent glabrous shrub at least 3 m high, the branches
pale-brownish or grayish, terete, or the younger ones obscurely
angled, often pruinose. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, oblong,
olivaceous, shining, of the same color on both surfaces, 9 to 15
cm long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide, base acute to somewhat rounded,
apex distinctly acuminate, margins distantly apiculate-serrulate ;
lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, very prominent
on the lower surface, spreading, somewhat curved-anastomosing,
the primary reticulations distinct; petioles 5 to 8 mm long. In-
florescences axillary, solitary, very few-flowered, depauperate-
cymose, the rachis once forked, or simple, very short, supplied
with small bracts, or sometimes the inflorescence reduced to a
fascicle; when a depauperate cyme but from 1 to 3 flowers pro-
duced at one time. Pedicels about 1 mm long. Flowers 5-
merous, oblong, about 3 mm long. Calyx-lobes broadly ovate,
rounded, about 1 mm long and wide. Petals oblong, rounded,
about 2.8 mm long. Disk prominent, cylindric, enclosing the
ovary, about 1 mm high. Filaments flattened, 0.8 mm long.
Mindanao, Surigao Province, Placer, Wenzel 1867, July 4, 1916, in
forests, altitude about 150 meters, the flowers greenish-yellow.
A species well characterized by its oblong, apiculate-denticulate, promi-
nently nerved leaves, its greatly reduced inflorescences, and short-pedicelled
xiii, c, i Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 23
flowers. It alliance is apparently with Salacia subscandens Elm. of Pa-
lawan.
SALACIA WENZELII sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, glaber; foliis oppositis, coriaceis, oblongo-
ellipticis ad ellipticis, integris, usque ad 14 cm longis, obtuse
acuminatis, basi subrotundatis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6, subtus
prominentibus, curvato-adscendentibus ; inflorescentiis breviter
pedunculatis, umbellatis vel depauperato umbellato-cymosis ;
floribus circiter 6.5 mm diametro, calycibus truncatis.
A scandent glabrous shrub, the branches terete. Leaves op-
posite, coriaceous, oblong-elliptic to elliptic, brownish to olivaceous
when dry, somewhat shining, 10 to 14 cm long, 4.5 to 7 cm
wide, entire, apex rather prominently but obtusely acuminate,
base rounded to subacute; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side
of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, curved-ascending,
anastomosing, the reticulations fine, rather close, distinct ; petioles
1 cm long or less. Inflorescences solitary, axillary, of short pe-
duncled umbels or of depauperate umbellate cymes, the peduncles
shorter than the petioles, the flowers green, numerous, crowded,
6 to 7 mm in diameter, their pedicels up to 8 mm in length,
grouped in fascicles on the peduncle or its very greatly reduced,
short, stout branchlets. Calyx somewhat saucer-shaped, trun-
cate, about 3 mm in diameter, not toothed. Petals 5, oblong-
ovate, obtuse, 3.5 to 4 mm long. Stamens 3, about 2 mm long.
Ovary and style slightly 3-angled. Disk very prominent.
Leyte, Tigbao, near Tacloban, Wenzel 153h, July 18, 1915, a vine reach-
ing a height of about 4 meters.
Readily distinguished from the other Philippine forms by its densely
many-flowered, short-peduncled, umbellate or depauperate cymose-umbel-
late inflorescences, the peduncles shorter than the petioles, the flowers
arranged in fascicles on the peduncle or on its very short stout branchlets,
appearing like a true umbel. The very young fruits are ovoid.
SAPINDACEAE
NEPHELIUM Linnaeus
N EPH ELI U M SCH N El DERI sp. nov.
Species N. mutabile et N. intermedio affinis, differt nervis late-
ralibus magis numerosis, utrinque circiter 18. Arbor usque ad 9
m alta, partibus junioribus et inflorescentiis exceptis glabra;
foliis 25 ad 35 cm longis, foliolis 5 vel 7, oblongis, chartaceis vel
subcoriaeeis, usque ad 20 cm longis, nitidis, subtus subglauces-
centibus, nervis utrinque circiter 18, perspicuis; fructibus glo-
bosis, circiter 3 cm diametro, in siccitate castaneis, processibus
24 The Philippine Journal of. Science 1918
subrectis, subtruncatis, compressis, rigidis, sulcatis, circiter 6
mm longis.
A tree about 9 m high, glabrous except the younger parts and
the inflorescence. Branches subterete, pale-grayish, often sul-
cate. Leaves 25 to 35 cm long, glabrous, the leaflets 5 or 7,
oblong, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, oblong, 16 to 20 cm long,
5.5 to 8 cm wide, distinctly acuminate, base acute, when dry pale-
brownish to pale-olivaceous, shining, the lower surface paler than
the upper and usually slightly glaucous; lateral nerves about 18
on each side of the midrib, prominent, the reticulations dis-
tinct. Panicles terminal, densely subferruginous-pubescent, the
branches few, up to 7 cm in length. Buds rather densely
crowded, globose; petals ovate, minute. Fruits, globose, pale
greenish-yellow when fresh, castaneous when dry, 3 cm in dia-
meter, the spines numerous, spreading, straight or slightly
falcate, compressed, striate, subtruncate, about 6 mm long and
1.5 mm wide.
Mindanao, Zamboanga District, Talisay, For. Bur. 13775 Foxivorthy,
DeMesa, & Villamil, June 18, 1913 (type), in the virgin forest, altitude
about 20 meters, locally known as bull The same species is represented
by For. Bur. 21+052 Acuna from Kalambugan, Lanao District, Mindanao,
May 17, 1915, with immature flowers.
Its alliance is with Nephelium mutabile Blume and N. intermedium
Radik., the latter being scarcely distinguishable from the former; from
these it is distinguished especially by. its much more numerous lateral
nerves. The species is dedicated to Mr. E. E. Schneider, wood expert
of the Bureau of Forestry, who called my attention to the fact that the
wood of this species was entirely different from that of Nephelium muta-
bile Blume as the type specimen was originally identified by me.
OTOPHORA Blume
OTOPHORA CAUUFLORA sp. nov.
Frutex glaber; foliis circiter 40 cm longis, foliolis 5 vel 6,
oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 25 cm longis, nitidis,
acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 10 ;
stipulis suborbicularis, subcoriaceis, inaequilateralibus, 1 ad 2
cm longis; inflorescentiis paniculatis e ramis vetustioribus, cir-
citer 20 cm longis, anguste pyramidatis, ramis paucis, inferiori-
bus 3 ad 4 cm longis; fructibus carnosis, subglobosis, 3 ad 4
cm diametro, in siccitate brunneis, 2 ad 3 cm diametro.
A glabrous shrub, 1 m high according to the collector, but
probably higher. Branches terete, brownish or grayish, lenti-
cellate. Leaves about 40 cm long, the leaflets 5 or 6, chartaceous
to subcoriaceous, oblong to oblong-elliptic, oi the lower ones
subovate, 15 to 25 cm long, 7 to 9 cm wide, base acute, apex
XIII, C, 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
25
acuminate, pale when dry, of about the same color and shining
on both surfaces; primary lateral nerves about 10 on each side
of the midrib, prominent, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations
prominent on both surfaces; stipules suborbicular, 1 to 2 cm
long, similar to the leaves in texture and color, inequilateral, very
shortly obtuse-acuminate or obtuse. Panicles from the trunk
or larger branches, narrowly pyramidal, about 20 cm long, the
branches few, spreading, the lower ones 3 to 4 cm long. Fruits
fleshy, white or somewhat pink when fresh and 3 to 4 cm in
diameter, when dry subglobose, 2 to 3 cm in diameter, brown,
with one or two large, castaneous, shining seeds 1.5 to 2 cm
in diameter.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28533, 28516 ( type )
Ramos & Edafio, May 8 and 19, 1917, in forests along streams at low
altitude.
This species is allied to Otophora fruticosa Blume, but is readily dis-
tinguished, among other characters, by its very much larger fruits.
RHAMNACEAE
VENT1LAGO Gaertner
VENTILAGO BRUNNEA sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliis in sic-
citate brunneis, utrinque concoloribus, nitidis, oblongis, usque ad
20 cm longis, subcoriaceis, basi subacutis ad rotundatis, apice
latissime acuminatis et obtusis vel leviter retusis, nervis utrinque
circiter 9; inflorescentiis axillaribus terminalibusque, subfer-
rugineo-pubescentibus, simplex vel e basi parce ramosis, usque
ad 13 cm longis ; floribus numerosis, fasciculatis, breviter pedicel-
latis, 3 ad 4 mm diametro, petalis obovatis, retusis, circiter 1
mm longis.
A scandent shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches
and branchlets dark-brown, terete, smooth. Leaflets uniformly
brown and shining on both surfaces when dry, subcoriaceous or
firmly chartaceous, oblong, 12 to 20 cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide,
base rounded to subacute, narrowed upward to the very broadly
acuminate apex, the acumen rounded or slightly retuse and 3
to 5 mm wide at the tip ; primary lateral nerves about 9 on each
side of the midrib, prominent, curved, obscurely anastomosing
close to the margin, the reticulations dense; petioles brown, 3
mm long or less. Inflorescences axillary and terminal, simple or
branched from the base, the branches few, up to 13 cm in length,
all parts uniformly pubescent with short, subferruginous or
sometimes cinereous hairs. Flowers yellowish-white, numerous,
26 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
fascicled along the branches, 3 to 10 in a fascicle, 3 to 4 mm in
diameter, their pedicels pubescent, 1 to 1.5 mm long. Calyx
dark-brown when dry, externally slightly pubescent, the lobes
broadly triangular, acute, 1.5 mm wide at the base, 1.2 mm long.
Petals membranaceous, obovate, retuse, 1 mm long. Disk about
2 mm in diameter; styles 2, very short. Fruits unknown, the
very young ones when 1 cm long or less very slightly pubescent,
apparently soon entirely glabrous.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Umiray River, Bur. Sci. 29053 Ramos &
Edano, June 3, 1917, in forests along the Umiray River at low altitudes.
This species is manifestly allied to Ventilago dichotoma (Blanco) Merr.,
from which it is readily distinguished by its much larger leaves.
VITACEAE
TETRASTIGMA Planchon
TETRASTIGMA CORNICULATUM sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, inflorescentiis et stipulis exceptis glaber;
foliis pedatim 5-foliolatis, foliolis chartaceis vel subcoriaceis,
ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, acuminatis, basi subrotundatis, usque
ad 9 cm longis grosse serrato-dentatis, nervis utrinque circiter
6; inflorescentiis pedunculatis, subcorymboso-umbellatis, usque
ad 5 cm longis, multifloris ; sepalis lanceolatis, acuminatis, petalis
extus pubescentibus, circiter 4 mm longis, apice prominente
acuminato-corniculatis.
A scan dent shrub, glabrous except the stipules and the inflores-
cences, the branches subterete, brown when dry. Leaves pedately
5-foliolate, their petioles up to 10 cm long; stipules inequilateral,
oblong-ovate, acute to somewhat acuminate, up to 1 cm long,
externally densely ferruginous-puberulent ; leaflets ovate to
oblong-ovate, subcoriaceous, slightly shining when dry, suboli-
vaceous, 6 to 9 cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide, base usually rounded,
often inequilateral, apex rather prominently acuminate, margins
rather coarsely serrate-dentate; lateral nerves about 6 on each
side of the midrib, slender, distinct; petiolules usually about 1
cm long. Inflorescences in the upper axils, peduncled, umbellate-
corymbose, cinereous-puberulent, many flowered. Flowers
greenish, umbellately arranged on the ultimate branchlets, their
pedicels cinereous-puberulent, 5 to 6 mm long. Sepals 4, lan-
ceolate, pubescent, acuminate, about 1 mm long. Petals oblong-
lanceolate, externally rather densely cinereous-puberulent, 4 mm
long, prominently acuminate-corniculate, the apical appendage
somewhat spreading. Filaments about 2 mm long. Female
flowers not seen.
xiii, c, i Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 27
'Leyte, Tigbao, near Tacloban, Wenzel 1240, May, 1915, a vine with
greenish flowers, reaching a height of about 10 meters.
A species well characterized by its prominently corniculate, pubescent
petals, in vegetative characters resembling Tetrastigma sepulchrei Merr.,
but apparently not closely allied to that species.
ELAEOCARPACEAE
ELAEOCARPUS Linnaeus
ELAEOCARPUS BONTOCENSIS sp. nov. § Dicera.
Arbor circiter 8 m alta, partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque
exceptis glabra ; foliis coriaceis, nitidis, elliptico-ovatis, usque ad
7 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice
breviter obtuseque acuminatis, margine crenato-serrulatis, nervis
utrinque circiter 5, axillis glandulosis; racemis leviter pubes-
centibus, axillaribus, solitariis, 1 ad 2 cm longis, paucifloris;
floribus 4- et 5-meris, parvis ; petalis margine parcissime ciliatis,
apice breviter laceratis; staminibus 20, obtusis, haud ciliatis;
ovario 3-locellato, puberulo.
A tree about 8 m high, glabrous except the very young parts
and the sparingly pubescent racemes. Branches terete, reddish-
brown, rather slender, the tips of the branchlets more or less
appressed-pubescent. Leaves elliptic-ovate, coriaceous, rather
pale when dry, shining, 4 to 7 cm long, 2 to 4 cm wide, subequally
narrowed to the acute base and short, blunt-acuminate apex,
margins distinctly crenate-serrate ; lateral nerves about 5 on each
side of the midrib, rather prominent, their axils glandular, retic-
ulations slender, rather lax; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Racemes
axillary, solitary, short, few-flowered, 1 to 2 cm long, sparingly
pubescent. Flowers small, 4- and 5-merous, their pedicels about
4 mm long. Sepals oblong-ovate, acute, slightly pubescent, 4
mm long, 2 mm wide. Petals oblong-obovate to obovate, about
3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, margins and surface inside in the lower
part very sparingly ciliate with slender, white hairs, the apical
1 to 1.5 mm cut into 10 to 12 narrow divisions, none of these
more than 1 mm in length. Stamens 20, 2 to 2.5 mm long,
the filaments short, the anthers narrow, obtuse, scabrid, 'the
cells equal, not awned or ciliate. Disk gray-puberulent. Ovary
ovoid, densely gray-puberulent, 3-celled ; style puberulent, about
2 mm long.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Bauco, Vanoverbergh 3892, January, 1914,
in forests, altitude about 1,700 meters, the flowers pink.
A species well characterized by its very short, few-flowered racemes;
4- and 5-merous, small flowers ; its very short petal-segments, very sparingly
ciliate petals; and obtuse, not at all awned or ciliate anthers.
28
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
ELAEOCARPUS SURiGAENSiS sp. nov. § Dicera.
Arbor circiter 20 m alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliis
oblongis, coriaceis, usque ad 23 cm longis, longe petiolatis, in
siccitate brunneo-olivaceis, breviter acuminatis, basi acutis, in-
terdum distincte inaequilateralibus, margin , minute distanter
cuspidato-denticulatis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, distinctis;
racemis axillaribus, usque ad 11 cm longis, laxis, paucifloris,
griseo-pubescentibus ; fioribus 5- vel 6-meris, circiter 7 mm
longis, sepalis petalisque extus uniformiter adpresse cinereo-
pubescentibus ; petalis fimbriatis, staminibus circiter 20, antheris
2.5 ad 3.5 mm longis, muticis ; ovario dense pubescente, 3-loculare.
A tree about 20 m high, entirely glabrous except the cinereous-
pubescent inflorescence. Branches terete, brownish, rugose, the
ultimate ones somewhat thickened, 5 to 10 mm in diameter, the
petiolar scars rather prominent. Leaves alternate, oblong, co-
riaceous, brownish-olivaceous when dry, 17 to 23 cm long, 7.5
to 10 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the shortly acuminate apex
and to the acute base, the base sometimes distinctly inequilateral,
the margins distantly and obscurely cuspidate-denticulate ; lateral
nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anasto-
mosing, the reticulations rather close, distinct; petioles 2.5 to
6 cm in length. Racemes axillary, solitary, rather numerous, 9
to 11 cm long, rather lax, few-flowered, all parts uniformly
appressed cinereous-pubescent, the pedicels 1 to 1.5 cm long, the
subtending bracteoles oblong to lanceolate, 3 to 5 mm long.
Flowers 5- and 6-merous, yellow, fragrant, perfect, about 7 mm
long. Sepals lanceolate, narrowed upward, acute, about 7 mm
long, outside uniformly appressed cinereous-pubescent, inside
glabrous in the lower one-half, sparingly pubescent above.
Petals equaling the sepals in length, oblong, slightly narrowed
below, outside uniformly appressed-pubescent, inside along the
median portion and margins densely pubescent, slightly so else-
where, the upper 2 to 3 mm cut into about 15 slender fimbriae.
Stamens about 20, their filaments 1.5 to 2 mm long; anthers
narrowly oblong, scabrid, 2.5 to 3.5 mm long, one cell slightly
exceeding the other, the tip slightly projecting, not awned.
Ovary ovoid, densely pubescent, 3-celled ; style pubescent near the
base, glabrous above, about 4 mm long.
Mindanao, Surigao Province, near Mabini, For. Bur. 26000 Ponce, May
11, 1916, in level rich soil at the edge of the forest, altitude about 50 meters,
locally known as yagao-yagao.
In general appearance this species somewhat resembles Elaeocarpus
octopetalus Merr. and E. leytensis Merr. but belongs in a different section
xiii, c, i Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 29
of the genus than either of the above. It does not appear to be closely
allied to any previously described Philippine form.
ELAEOCARPUS MONOCERA Cav. Ic. 6 (1801) 1, t. 501.
Elaeocarpus megacarpa Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 7 (1915) 2627.
This species, a very characteristic one, is widely distributed in the Phil-
ippines. The type material, on which Cavanilles’s description and figure
were based was from Los Banos and Jala-jala, Luzon, points on opposite
sides of Lake Bay. I can see absolutely no reason for distinguishing
Elaeocarpus megacarpa Elm. from E. monocera Cav. The species is rep-
resented by the following specimens:
Luzon, Cagayan Province, Aparri, For. Bur. 23687 Bernardo, locally
known to the Negritos as tabian; For. Bur. 17916 Bernardo, locally known
to the liocanos as panulauen (specimen erroneously localized as from Isa-
bela Province on the herbarium label) : Rizal Province, Phil. PI. 1051
Merrill: Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 20564 Ramos; Los Banos
and Mount Maquiling, Calycosa s. n., For. Bur. 20484, 22921 Villamil,
For. Bur. 13150 Curran: Bataan Province, For. Bur. 1754, 1804 Borden:
Tayabas Province, Merrill 1993: Camarines Province, For. Bur. 21142 Mi-
randa, known to the Bicol’s as opong-opong. Samar, Palapag, Bur. Sci.
24451 Ramos, known to the Visayans as upong-upong. Mindanao, Agusan
Province, Elmer 14059 (type of Elaeocarpus megacarpa Elm.).
MALVACEAE
A3ELM0SCHUS Medikus
ABELMQSCHUS VANOVERBERGHII sp. nov.
Herba erecta, usque ad 60 cm alta, hispido-hirsuta, leviter
ramosa, e basi valde incrassata; foliis palmatim 5- vel 7-lobatis,
usque ad 9 cm longis, lobis oblongo-ovatis ad lineari-lanceolatis,
grosse serratis; floribus circiter 4 cm longis, flavis, calycibus
spathaceis, circiter 2 cm longis, hirsutis, bracteis 10, linearis,
circiter 1.5 cm longis, ciliato-hirsutis ; capsulis ovoideis vel sub-
ellipsoideis, dense hispido-hirsutis, obtusis, circiter 3 cm longis.
An erect, somewhat branched perennial herb from a much
thickened underground base, the branches up to 60 cm in length,
these, the branchlets, leaves and bracts prominently hispid-
hirsute with spreading, stiff, rather pale hairs. Leaves variable,
4 to 9 cm long, palmately 5- or 7-lobed, the lobes oblong ovate
and extending half-way to the base to linear-lanceolate and
extending nearly to the base, all acute or somewhat acuminate
and rather coarsely toothed, scabrid, somewhat hispid-hirsute
on both surfaces ; petioles 2 to 6 cm long. Flowers yellow, with
dark-purple or brown spots at the base of the petals, several on
each branch but only one or two opening at one time. Calyx
spathaceous, deciduous, about 2 cm long, short appressed-hirsute,
grayish when dry, with short narrow lobes at the apex. Corolla
about 4 cm long, campanulate. Bracts 10, linear, prominently
30 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
hirsute with spreading hairs, about 1.5 cm long. Capsules ovoid
to subellipsoid, obtuse, about 3 cm long and 2 cm in diameter,
externally densely hirsute with stiff, spreading, pale hairs.
Seeds not at all musky.
Luzon, Cagayan Province, Bolster 122, July, 1905, For. Bur. 16U93
Bacani, January, 1909, Bur. Sci. 7839 Ramos, April, 1909: Lepanto District,
near Cervantes, Merrill U80, November, 1905; Bontoc Subprovince, Vano-
verbergh 879, 1221 (type), October and May, 1911.
This species grows in open grasslands, and is characterized by its
thickened, woody, underg'round base; it is manifestly a perennial plant,
differing in this character from A. moschatus to which it is evidently allied.
It is very closely allied to Abelmoschus sagittifolius Kurz, which Hoch-
reutiner has reduced to A. abelmoschus, but has smaller flowers which are
yellow, not at all pink or red, and differently shaped leaves.
HIBISCUS Linnaeus
HIBISCUS ViTIPOUUS Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 696; Mast, in Hook. f. FI.
Brit. Ind. 1 (1874) 338.
Luzon, Union Province, San Fernando, R. Lete 117, HU, July and
August, 1916, locally known as mapua.
Not previously reported from the Philippines; tropical Africa and
Asia to tropical Australia.
Si DA Linnaeus
SIDA LONGISTIPULA sp. nov.
Herba annua, prostrata, caulis numerosis, usque ad 20 cm
longis, simplex vel rariter ramosis, ciliato-pilosis ; foliis oblongis,
usque ad 1.8 cm longis, basi cordatis, 3-nerviis, apice obtusis, in
i vel j superiore parte prominente serratis ; stipulis linearis vel
lineari-spatulatis, circiter 1 cm longis; floribus breviter pedicel-
latis, axillaribus, plerumque ad apicem ramulorum confertis;
calycibus teretibus, haud angulatis vel costatis, 5-lobatis, extus
pubescentibus pilosisque, 6 ad 7 mm longis; carpellis 5 ad 8,
prominente muricatis, facies interioribus prominente reticulatis,
brevissime biaristatis.
An annual herb, the stems numerous, tufted from the apex
of the stout perpendicular root, prostrate, spreading, all parts
more or less pubescent with sparingly stellate, long, white ciliate-
pilose hairs, the stems up to 20 cm in length, simple, rarely
branched. Leaves oblong, 1 to 1.8 cm long, 3 to 7 cm wide,
long petioled, base cordate, 3-nerved, apex obtuse, in the upper
one-half or one-third prominently serrate, the upper surface
glabrous, the lower more or less stellate-pilose, the margins
sparingly ciliate ; petioles up to 1 cm in length, sparingly ciliate-
pilose; stipules linear or linear-spatulate, about 1 cm long.
Flowers mostly crowded at the apices of the stems, forming a
XIII, C, 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
31
subcapitate leafy inflorescence, sometimes solitary ones in the
lower axils, their pedicels not jointed, 2 to 3 mm long. Calyx
6 to 7 mm long, terete, not ribbed or angled, rather densely
cinereous-pubescent and with long, white, ciliate hairs inter-
mixed, the lobes 5, oblong-ovate, acute, 4 to 5 mm long. Corolla-
lobes 5 to 6 mm long, oblong-obovate, obtuse, the tube very
short. Stamens about 18, the tube about 1.5 mm long. Ovary
depressed about 8-celled; styles 8, about 3 mm long; stigmas
capitate. Mature carpels 5 to 8, prominently muricate, 3 to 4
mm long, the projections with a minute tuft of hairs at the tips,
the inner faces very prominently reticulate, the apex biaristate,
the awns 1 mm long or less.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui and Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27 H 5
(type), 27311, 27U92 Ramos, February and March, 1917, in dry open
places at low altitudes.
The relationship of this strongly marked species is apparently with
the Australian Sida suhspicata F. Muell., but it is not closely allied to that
species. It is well characterized by its tufted, simple stems, its long
petioled, oblong, 3-nerved, cordate, small leaves 'which are prominently
toothed in the upper part; its long stipules; its crowded flowers which
form a dense, subcapitate, leafy inflorescence; and its prominently muri-
cate, short-awned carpels which are strongly reticulate on the inner faces.
DILLENIACEAE
SAURAUIA Willdenow
SAURAUIA ALVARE2I I sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 6 m alta prominente patule setosis, foliis sub-
coriaceis, oblongis ad elliptico-oblongis, usque ad 20 cm longis,
acutis vel breviter acuminatis, basi obtusis, margine irregulari-
ter spinuloso-serratis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 12, prominentibus,
supra olivaceis, subtus pallidis, costa nervisque utrinque setosis ;
floribus axillaribus, solitariis, longe pedicellatis-, pedicellis sub
fructu 2 ad 4 cm longis, densissime patule setosis ; sepalis 12 ad
14 mm longis, densissime setosis; fructibus 4-locellatis, circiter
12 mm longis, puberulis.
A tree about 6 m high, all parts prominently setose, the setae
pale-brownish, rather soft, spreading, thickened below, slenderly
acuminate and minutely puberulent. Branches brown, terete, the
branchlets very uniformly and densely setose. Leaves alternate,
subcoriaceous, oblong to elliptic-oblong, 11 to 20 cm long, 5 to
8 cm wide, the upper surface dark-olivaceous, the lower pale,
apex acute to acuminate, base obtuse, margins irregularly spin-
ulose-serrate, midrib on the upper surface spinulose-setose,
the epidermis with widely scattered similar hairs, the lower
32 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
surface with much more numerous setae ; lateral nerves 10 to 12
on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved, anastomosing,
the reticulations prominent; petioles densely setose, 1.5 to 2.5
cm long. Flowers axillary, solitary, the pedicels and the sepals
externally very densely setose, the pedicels, in fruit, 2 to 4 cm
long, often with one or two scars at about the middle. Sepals
subcoriaceous, elliptic-ovate to broadly ovate, or the inner ones
obovate, 12 to 14 mm long, very densely setose, glabrous inside,
the marginal parts of the inner ones thinner, mostly acute.
Fruit capsular, about 12 mm long, subellipsoid, 4-celled, ex-
ternally puberulent, dehiscing in the upper part only.
Mindanao, Lanao District, Lanao-Cotabato trail, For. Bur. 25202 Alva-
rez, March 21, 1916, in dipterocarp forests, altitude about 1,000 meters,
locally known as carimog.
A very characteristic species, distinguishable by its long-pedicelled,
rather large flowers; its dense indumentum which consists of pale-brownish,
spreading, acuminate, rather soft setae, the setae themselves puberulent;
and its capsular fruits.
SAURAUIA BICOLOR sp. nov.
Frutex circiter 2 m altus vix setosus, subtus foliis et inflor-
escentiis densissime cinnamomeo-pubescentibus ; foliis chartaceis,
oblongis ad oblanceolatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, acuminatis, basi
acutis, margine perspicue subglanduloso-denticulatis, supra
laevis, glabris, atro-brunneis vel atro-olivaceis, subtus cinna-
momeis, nervis utrinque 13 ad 15, perspicuis; inflorescentiis
axillaribus, brevibus, paucifloris vel 1-floris, floribus pro ratione
magnis, sepalis suborbicularibus, circiter 1 cm diametro, petalis
circiter 14 mm longis ; ovario dense pubescente, stylis 4, glabris,
circiter 8 mm longis, ad basim connatis.
A shrub about 2 m high, the younger branchlets, petioles, in-
florescences, and lower surface of the leaves very densely cinna-
momeous-pubescent, the indumentum felted. Branches terete,
dark reddish-brown, glabrous, the branchlets and petioles with
few, widely scattered, appressed, oblong-ovate scales 2 mm long
or less. Leaves chartaceous, oblong to oblanceolate, 11 to 20
cm long, 4 to 8 cm wide, narrowed below to the cuneate base,
the apex shortly and sharply acuminate, the margins, except at
the base, conspicuously denticulate with somewhat spreading,
oblong-obtuse, gland-like teeth about 1 mm in length, the upper
surface smooth, glabrous, or when young sparingly puberulent,
dark-brown or dark-olivaceous, in striking contrast to the densely
cinnamomeous-pubescent lower surface where the indumentum
is closely felted; lateral nerves 13 to 15 on each side of the
xiii, c, i Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 33
midrib, prominent, curved-ascending, the reticulations slender;
petioles 1.5 to 2.5 cm long, the younger ones densely cinnamo-
meous-pubescent, the older ones glabrous. Inflorescences axil-
lary, few-flowered, sometimes only 1-flowered, shorter than the
petioles, the bracts oblong, obtuse, 5 to 6 mm long. Petals about
10 mm in diameter, rounded, suborbicular, outside very densely
felted-pubescent. Petals broadly obovate about 14 mm long,
refuse. Ovary densely pubescent ; styles 4, glabrous, 8 mm long,
united for the lower 1.5 mm.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28735 Ramos &
Edano, May 12, 1917, on forested ridges.
A most characteristic species, its indumentum similar to Saurauia
mindorensis Merr., but otherwise not at all closely allied to that species.
It is otherwise well characterized by being non-setose, the few scales
on the branchlets and petioles being closely appressed.
SAURAUIA GLA3RI FOLIA sp. nov.
Frutex circiter 3 m altus, glaber vel ramulis junioribus par-
cissime furfuraceis; foliis in siccitate viridis, nitidis, subcoria-
ceis, usque ad 18 cm longis, oblongis ad oblongo-obovatis, acute
acuminatis, basi acutis, margine irregulariter glanduloso-serru-
latis, nervis utrinque circiter 9, utrinque prominentibus, obscure
anastomosantibus, reticulis laxis, obscuris; floribus axillaribus,
solitariis vel depauperato-fasciculatis, longe pedicellatis, circiter
13 mm diametro, sepalis margine leviter ciliatis exceptis glabris ;
ovario glabro; stylis 3, liberis.
A shrub about 3 m high, the younger branchlets usually with
few, scattered, closely appressed, rather prominent ovate or
orbicular scales less than 1 mm in diameter, otherwise entirely
glabrous except the ciliate margins of the sepals. Branches
reddish-brown, terete, smooth, the branchlets of the same color,
somewhat angular when dry. Leaves alternate, subcoriaceous,
greenish when dry, shining, oblong to oblong-obovate, 13 to 18
cm long, 5 to 7 cm wide, the apex prominently and sharply
acuminate, the base acute, the margins irregularly glandular-
denticulate; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib,
curved, rather prominent on both surfaces, obscurely anastomos-
ing, the reticulations lax, indistinct; petioles 1 to 2 cm long.
Flowers white, axillary, solitary or in depauperate fascicles of
two or three flowers each, their pedicels slender, up to 1.5 cm
in length. Sepals 5, equal, elliptic, rounded, 6 mm long, their
margins ciliate, otherwise glabrous. Petals 5, oblong-obovate,
about 7 mm long, the apex prominently inequilateral, refuse.
Stamens about 20, their anthers about 2 mm long. Ovary glo-
bose, glabrous ; styles 3, free to the base, about 5 mm long.
153049 3
34 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
Mindanao, Surigao Province, Placer, Wenzel 1866, July 4, 1916, in forests,
altitude about 150 meters.
• A strongly marked species, well characterized by its entirely glabrous
leaves and slenderly pedicelled flowers. The almost entire absence of in-
dumentum of any type is rather remarkable, as most of the Indo-Malayan
species of the genus are prominently pubescent, setose, or ciliate. In the
present species the indumentum is reduced to small, widely scattered, closely
appressed scales, and these only on the younger parts of the plant.
FLACOURTIACEAE
CASEARIA Linnaeus
CASEARiA EUPHLEBIA sp. nov.
Frutex glaber, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis integris,
chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo-elliptieis,
usque ad 13 cm longis, acuminatis, basi subacutis ad rotundatis,
aequilateralibus vel leviter inaequilateralibus, distincte pellucido-
punctatis, nervis utrinque circiter 7, subtus valde prominentibus ;
floribus axillaribus, solitariis, breviter pedicellatis, circiter 4 mm
longis, filamentis cum staminoideis adnatis.
A glabrous shrub about 2 m high, the branches pale-grayish,
somewhat shining, wrinkled when dry, slender, terete. Leaves
greenish-olivaceous and somewhat shining when dry, firmly char-
taceous to subcoriaceous, oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, 6 to 13
cm long, 3.5 to 6 cm wide, entire, apex distinctly acuminate, base
equilateral or somewhat inaequilateral, subacute to rounded, in
transmitted light distinctly and minutely pellucid-punctate and
with scattered, elongated, larger, translucent dashes; lateral
nerves 7 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the
lower surface, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct,
rather fine; petioles 3 to 5 mm in length. Flowers solitary,
axillary, their pedicels 2 to 2.5 mm long. Sepals somewhat punc-
ticulate, elliptic, rounded, about 4 mm long. Staminodes oblong,
about 1.5 mm long and 0.7 mm wide, obtuse or truncate and
slightly pubescent at the apex, the anthers oblong, 0.7 mm in
length. Ovary glabrous. Young fruit red, oblong, obtuse,
about 1.5 cm long.
Leyte, Tigbao, near Tacloban, Wenzel 1503, June 3, 1915.
A species well characterized by its distinctly pellucid-puncticulate,
prominently nerved, entire leaves, and its solitary flowers.
CASEARiA CONFERTIFLORA sp. nov.
Frutex circiter 3 m altus, ramulis et floribus et subtus foliis
molliter pubescentibus ; foliis inaequilateralibus, ovatis ad late
oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 11 cm longis, breviter obtuseque acum-
inatis, margine crenatis, basi late oblique subtruncatis, nervis
XIII, C, 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
35
utrinque circiter 6; floribus numerosissimis, axillaribus, fasci-
eulatis, dense confertis, breviter pedicellatis, circiter 4 mm
longis; filamentis 1.5 ad 2 mm longis, glabris, staminoideis li-
beris, oblongis, sursum villosis ; ovario pubescente.
A species closely allied to Casearia cinerea Turcz. and C.
grewiae folia Vent., differing especially in its much fewer nerved
leaves. A shrub about 3 m high, the branchlets, lower -surface
of the leaves and the flowers rather densely and softly pubescent.
Branches terete, glabrous, reddish-brown when dry, sparingly
wrinkled and lenticellate, the branchlets densely subferruginous-
to cinereous-pubescent. Leaves subcoriaceous, ovate to broadly
oblong-ovate, 8 to 11 cm long, 4 to 5.5 cm wide, pale-brownish
when dry, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, margins promi-
nently crenate, base broadly and obliquely truncate, both sides
rounded or one side rounded and the other acute, prominently
inequilateral, subfalcate, the upper surface glabrous except the
sparingly pubescent midrib, the lower surface softly pubescent
especially on the midrib and lateral nerves ; lateral nerves about
6 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved-ascending, ob-
scurely anastomosing, the reticulations lax ; petioles rather
densely pubescent, 3 to 5 mm long. Flowers yellowish, about
4 mm long, very numerous, crowded in subglobose, dense,
axillary fascicles, 30 to 50 in a fascicle, their pedicels densely
pubescent, 3 to 4 mm long. Perianth-segments 5, elliptic-oblong,
densely pubescent, obtuse. Stamens 10; filaments 1.5 to 2 mm
long, glabrous; anthers oblong-ovate, 1 mm long; staminodes
oblong, obtuse, 1.5 mm long, free, glabrous below, villous in the
upper one-half. Ovary ovoid, pubescent; style very short; stig-
ma capitate.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27UIZ Ramos, in dry
thickets at low altitudes, locally known to the Ilocanos as boyboyoc.
This species is manifestly very closely allied to Casearia cinerea Turcz.,
differing especially in its distinctly fewer nerved leaves and its very num-
erous, densely crowded flowers.
HOMALIUM Jacquin
HOMALIU M M ULTI FLO RUM sp. nov. § Blaclcwellia.
Species H. loheri affinis, differt foliis minoribus, usque ad 8
cm longis, nervis paucioribus, utrinque circiter 6, bracteis oblon-
go-ovatis, circiter 2 mm longis.
A tree about 10 m high, the inflorescence prominently ciliate-
pubescent with spreading pale or cinereous hairs, otherwise
glabrous. Branches terete, reddish-brown, often somewhat
glaucous, obscurely lenticellate. Leaves coriaceous or subcoria-
36
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
ceous, elliptic, shining, 6 to 8 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide, sub-
equally narrowed to the acute base and to the acute or obscurely
acuminate apex, the margins distantly crenate-serrate ; lateral
nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the
lower surface, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct;
petioles 5 to 7 mm long. Inflorescences terminal and axillary,
the racemes forming large, leafy panicles, the individual racemes
or branches mostly simple, up to 12 cm long, all parts more or
less pubescent with spreading hairs. Flowers very numerous,
5-merous, about 6 mm in diameter, white, somewhat fascicled
along the racemes, their pedicels jointed to the calyx, about 2.5
mm long, the subtending bracts oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate,
pubescent, 2 mm long. Calyx-tube narrowly funnel-shaped, 2
mm long. Sepals 5, narrowly oblong, ciliate, 2 mm long, about
0.5 mm wide. Petals 5, narrowly oblong-obovate to somewhat
spatulate, ciliate, about 3 mm long. Stamens 1 opposite each
petal, the filaments about 2 mm long, sparingly ciliate in the
lower one-half. Ovary pubescent ; styles 3 or 4, about 1.5 mm
long, ciliate.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pakdal, For. Bur. 25155 Garcia (type),
March 11, 1916, along small streams at an altitude of 1,500 meters; Tri-
nidad, on limestone formation, For. Bur. 15933 Bacani, December 30,' 1908,
distributed as H. loheri Merr.
Very closely allied to Homalium loheri Merr., from which it is readily
distinguished by its smaller, fewer nerved leaves.
HOMALIUM PLATYPHYLLUM sp. nov. § Mynantheia.
Arbor circiter 10 m alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra ; foliis
ellipticis, coriaceis, nitidis, usque ad 20 cm longis et 11 cm latis,
integris, apice breviter abrupte obtuseque acuminatis, basi rotun-
datis, nervis utrinque circiter 9, perspicuis ; inflorescentiis
dense cinereo-pubescentibus, laxis, multifloris, usque ad 20 cm
longis, ramis elongatis; floribus 8-meris, petalis subspatulatis,
circiter 3 mm longis, quam sepalis iongioribus; starninibus 16.
A tree about 10 m high, glabrous except the rather densely
cinereous-pubescent ample inflorescence. Branches terete,
brownish. Leaves elliptic, coriaceous, brownish or brownish-
olivaceous and shining when dry, about 20 cm long and 11 cm
wide, entire, base rounded, apex very shortly and obtusely acu-
minate; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, pro-
minent, reddish-brown on the lower surface when dry, curved-
anastomosing, the reticulations slender, distinct; petioles stout,
about 1 cm long. Inflorescence ample, paniculate, up to 20 cm
in length, the ultimate branches 10 to 15 cm long, all parts
XIII, C, 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
37
rather densely cinereous-pubescent. Pedicels 1 to 2 mm long.
Calyx-tube obconic, about 2 mm long, the lobes 8, linear, about
2 mm long, pubescent. Petals 8, somewhat spatulate, obtuse,
cinereous-pubescent, ciliate on the margins, about 3 mm long.
Stamens 16, two opposite each petal, their filaments glabrous,
about 2 mm long. Ovary and style pubescent, the style-arms
4, about 1 mm long.
Leyte, Tigbao, near Tacloban, Wenzel 1525 , July 15, 1915, the flowers
green.
A species manifestly allied to Homalium luzoniense F.-Vill., but with
much larger, entire, and somewhat fewer nerved leaves.
HOMALIUM VILLOSUM sp. nov. § Myriantheia.
Arbor circiter 15 m alta subtus foliis et ramulis junioribus
et inflorescentiis dense molliter villosis ; foliis subcoriaceis, ellip-
ticis, usque ad 8 cm longis, breviter obtuseque acuminatis, basi
subacutis, nervis utrinque circiter 6, perspicuis; inflorescentiis
axillaribus terminalibusque, paniculatis, ramis elongatis, bracteis
elliptico-ovatis, 3 ad 4 mm longis, membranaceis, villosis ; floribus
6-meris, petalis sepalisque subaequalibus, villosis, circiter 2 mm
longis, oblanceolatis ; staminibus 18.
A tree about 15 m high, the branchlets, inflorescence, and lower
surface of the leaves densely and softly villous with pale hairs.
Branches terete, brownish, glabrous. Leaves elliptic, subcoria-
ceous, 5 to 8 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide, pale when dry, the
upper surface shining, glabrous except the puberulent midrib,
apex shortly blunt-acuminate, base acute, margins distantly cren-
ulate, the teeth in young leaves crowned with a tuft of hairs;
lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, prominent,
anastomosing, curved; petioles densely villous, 2 to 3 mm long.
Panicles terminal and axillary, the branches numerous, elong-
ated, densely many-flowered, up to 10 cm long, the flowers
6-merous, scattered along the rachis, not fascicled, the villous
pedicels 2 to 2.5 mm long, the bracts prominently ciliate, elliptic
to ovate-elliptic, obtuse, 3 to 4 mm long. Sepals 6, prominently
ciliate, oblanceolate, acute or subacute, about 2 mm long. Petals
similar to the sepals. Stamens three opposite each petal, their
filaments about 1.4 mm long, sparingly ciliate at the base. Ovary
villous ; styles 5 or 6, about 1 mm long, sparingly ciliate.
Samar, near Catbalogan, For. Bur. 22748 Lasquety, August 2, 1914, on
forested ridges, altitude about 200 meters, locally known as batu-batu.
This specimen was originally determined as Homalium loheri Merr., but
belongs in a different section of the genus than this species. It falls
in the group with Homalium villarianum Vid., but is distinguished from
38 The Philippine Journal of Science i9is
it and from the other Philippine species of the section Myriantheia by its
indumentum. In its general appearance and its indumentum it resembles
H. barandae Vid., but the latter belongs in the section Blackwellia.
BEGONIACEAE
BEGONIA Linnaeus
BEGONIA CASTILLO! sp. nov. § Diploclinium.
Herba parva, parcissime et longe ciliatis, repens, caulibus
usque ad 10 cm longis stipulis multis brunneis oblongo-lanceolatis
acuminatis instructis; foliis suborbicularibus, aequilateralibus
vel leviter inaequilateralibus, late rotundatis, basi cordatis, 3
ad 5 cm longis, margine integris vel irregulariter denticulatis,
ciliatis ; inflorescentiis tenuibus, paucifloris, 10 ad 12 cm longis ;
capsulis circiter 1 cm longis, 1 ad 1.4 cm latis, inaequaliter 3-
alatis, suborbicularibus vel apice subtruncatis.
A small herb, the stems up to 10 cm long, creeping, covered
with numerous, brown, oblong to lanceolate, slenderly acuminate
stipules which are up to 1 cm in length and above usually
prominently long-ciliate. Leaves membranaceous, olivaceous-
brownish when dry, suborbicular, 3 to 5 cm in diameter, equila-
teral or somewhat inequilateral, apex broadly rounded, base pro-
minently cordate, the lobes broad, rounded, equal or subeqUal,
9-nerved, the upper surface glabrous, the lower glabrous or with
very few hairs on the nerves, the margins entire or denticulate,
sparingly ciliate with long brown hairs; petioles slender, 2.5 to
5 cm long, the younger ones ciliate with long, slender, brown
hairs. Inflorescences slender, few-flowered, 10 to 12 cm long,
glabrous or nearly so. Capsules unequally 3-winged, about 1
cm long, 1 to 1.5 cm wide, suborbicular, or the upper side of the
broad wing truncate, this wing 7 to 9 mm wide, the other two
about 2 mm wide.
Luzon, Cagayan Province, Callao, near Pena Blanca, Bur. Sci. 22723
Castillo, April 23, 1915, on cliffs along the river, altitude about 100 meters.
The general alliance of this species is with Begonia nigritarum Steud.,
to which, however, it is not closely allied. Its distinguishing characters
are its small, suborbicular, equilateral or nearly equilateral leaves.
BEGONIA TAYABENSIS sp. nov. § Diploclinium.
Herba subglabra, caulibus circiter 1 cm diametro, stipulis
deciduis; foliis longe petiolatis, perspicue peltatis, suboblique
ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, basi rotundatis,
apice subacutis vel obtusis, margine subintegris, subtus valde
reticulatis ; inflorescentiis longissime pedunculatis, 25 ad 35 cm
longis, dichotomis, laxis, paucifloris; floribus S circiter 2 cm
xiii, c, i Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 39
diametro; capsulis circiter 1 cm longis et 1.8 cm latis, inaequi-
lateraliter 3-alatis.
A subglabrous herb, the stems creeping, reddish-brown when
dry, about 1 cm in diameter, glabrous ; stipules deciduous, broadly
ovate, acuminate, sparingly ferruginous-ciliate, about 1 cm long.
Leaves prominently peltate, the petiole inserted 2 to 4 cm from
the base of the leaf, membranaceous, somewhat oblique, ovate to
oblong-ovate, 15 to 20 cm long, 10 to 12 cm wide, base broadly
rounded, apex acute or somewhat obtuse, margins subentire, not
at all lobed, with a fringe of scattered, tooth-like, short cilia,
both surfaces with widely scattered, short hairs, ultimately
glabrous or nearly so ; basal nerves radiate, about 9, prominent,
the reticulations very prominent on the lower surface; petioles
12 to 15 cm long, glabrous or with very few, widely scattered,
short hairs. Inflorescences 25 to 35 cm long, dichotomous, few-
flowered, sparingly ciliate with short, pale, spreading, scattered
hairs, the flower-bearing part about 10 cm long. Staminate
flowers white or slightly pink, about 2 cm in diameter, the sepals
elliptic-ovate, rounded. Capsules about 1 cm long and 1.8 cm
wide, base rounded, apex subtruncate, one wing very much larger
than the other two and about 1 cm in width, the other two 3
to 4 mm wide.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Umiray River, Bur. Sci. 2905 J Ramos &
Edano, June 3, 1917, on ledges and steep slopes in forests along the river.
This strongly characterized species is one of the few known represen-
tatives of the section Diploclinium with peltate leaves. It is readily dis-
tinguished from our peltate-leaved species, Begonia hernandioides Merr.,
B. rufipila Merr., and B. ELMEBI Merr. [ B . peltata Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot.
7 (1915) 2556, non A. DC., nec Hassk., nec Otto & Dietr.] by being nearly
glabrous, the few, widely scattered hairs on the leaves and inflorescences
scarcely exceeding 1 mm in length.
BEGONIA APAYAOENSIS sp. nov. § Petermannia.
Species B. brevipes Merr. similimis, differt floribus fructibus-
que multo majoribus. Herba erecta, ramosa, usque ad 45 cm
alta, perspicue ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; foliis inaequilateraliter
obovatis, in siccitate brunneis, brevissime petiolatis, usque ad 9
cm longis, acuminatis, basi angustatis, oblique cordatis, margine
grosse et irregulariter dentato-lobatis et denticulatis ; inflores-
centiis terminalibus, 3 ad 5 cm longis, paucifloris; floribus 9
5-meris, sepalis late ovatis, obtusis, 13 mm longis; sepalis $ 2,
9 similis; capsulis circiter 2 cm longis et latis, apice truncatis,
deorsum angustatis et subacutis, aeq'ualiter 3-alatis.
An erect branched herb about 45 cm high, the lower parts of
the stems terete, somewhat decumbent and roofing, dark-brown,
40 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
terete, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, ferruginous-hirsute, the younger
branchlets rather densely ferruginous-hirsute as are the short
petioles and nerves on the lower surface of the leaves. Leaves
membranaceous, brown when dry, the lower surface paler than
the upper, in general obovate, inequilateral, 7 to 9 cm long,
3.5 to 5.5 cm wide, apex acuminate, base narrowed and obliquely
cordate, the wider lobe rounded the other acute, the margins
irregularly and coarsely dentate-lobed and denticulate; lateral
nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, prominent ; petioles 4
to 10 mm long; stipules membranaceous, 1 cm long or less.
Inflorescences terminal, 3 to 5 cm long, few-flowered, the basal
flower pistillate, the others staminate, the bracts membranaceous,
oblong, acuminate, nearly 1 cm long. Pistillate flowers 5-merous,
the sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, about 13 mm long. Staminate
flowers white, the sepals 2, similar to those of the pistillate
flowers, the stamens numerous, crowded on an elongated axis
about 5 mm in length. Capsules equally 3-winged, about 2 cm
long and wide, apex truncate, narrowed below to the subacute
base, the wings submembranaceous.
Luzon, Apayao Subprovince, Mount Sulu, Bur. Sci. 28^03 Fenix, May
22, 1917, on rocky shaded slopes, altitude about 1,000 meters.
This species resembles Begonia brevipes to which it is perhaps most
closely allied. It is distinguished especially by its somewhat larger size,
denser indumentum, and very much larger flowers and capsules.
BEGONIA BINUANGENSIS sp. nov.
Species B. wenzelii Merr. affinis, differt foliis majoribus, usque
ad 8 cm longis, petiolis longioribus, capsulis turbinatis, 1.5 cm
longis et 2 cm latis. Herba scandens, ramosa, glabra, inter-
nodiis 1.5 ad 3.5 cm longis, ramis teretibus, circiter 4 mm diam-
etro; foliis membranaceis, oblongis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, basi
rotundatis vel obtusis, apice acuminatis, margins irregulariter
serrato-dentatis ; sepalis $ orbicularibus, circiter 1 cm diametro ;
capsulis inaequaliter 3-alatis, apice truncatis, deorsum angus-
tatis.
A scandent, glabrous, branched herb, rooting at some of the
nodes, the stems and main branches terete, about 4 mm thick,
brown, the branchlets more slender, the internodes 1.5 to 3 cm
long. Leaves when dry membranaceous, olivaceous, somewhat
shining, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 8 cm long, 2 to 3 cm
wide, somewhat inequilateral, base rounded or obtuse, narrowed
above to the acuminate apex, margins irregularly serrate-dentate,
the basal nerves 5 or 7, slender, ascending; petioles 1 to 3 cm
long. Inflorescences terminal or in the uppermost axils, 3 to 4
cm long, few-flowered. Staminate flowers white, the sepals 2,
XIII, C, 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
41
orbicular, about 1 cm in diameter. Capsules turbinate, some-
what unequally 3-winged, about 1.5 cm long and 2 cm wide,
the apex truncate or subtruncate, narrowed below to the sub-
acute base.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang', Bur. Set. 28813 Ramos &
Edano, May 11, 1917, climbing on tree trunks in damp forests near the
summit of the mountain, altitude apparently about 1,000 meters.
This characteristic species, belonging in the group with Begonia aequata
A. Gray, is most closely allied to Begonia wenzelii Merr., from which it is
readily distinguished by its larger, differently shaped, longer petioled leaves
and distinctly larger capsules.
BEGONIA CAUBATA sp. nov.
Herba scandens, glabra, usque ad 3 m longa ; foliis in siccitate
membranaceis, longissime petiolatis, subolivaceis, nitidis, ovatis
ad subellipticis vel oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 20 cm longis, basi
inaequilateraliter cordatis, apice tenuiter caudato-acuminatis,
margine obscure undulatis et distanter denticulatis ; inflorescen-
tiis 40 ad 50 cm longis, axillaribus, longe pedunculatis, dichoto-
mis, laxis; floribus $ circiter 25 mm diametro; capsulis 2 cm
longis et 3 cm latis, alis valde inaequalibus, 2 circiter 4 mm
latis, ala tertia membranacea, circiter 2 cm lata.
A glabrous scandent herb climbing on tree trunks to a height
of 3 m, entirely glabrous, the stems 5 to 6 mm in diameter when
dry, the internodes 4 to 6 cm long and with numerous roots.
Leaves membranaceous, subolivaceous and shining when dry,
ovate to subelliptic or oblong-elliptic, 14 to 20 cm long, 8 to 9
cm wide, base somewhat inequilateral, prominently cordate,
palmately 7- or 9-nerved, apex rather abruptly and slenderly
caudate-acuminate, the acumen 1 to 2 cm long, margins slightly
undulate or nearly entire, sometimes with widely scattered,
small, obscure teeth, the lateral nerves above the base usually
two on each side of the midrib; petioles stout, 10 to 17 cm long.
Inflorescences axillary, the peduncles stout, glabrous, up to 40
cm in length, the cymes dichotomous, lax, 15 cm wide or more.
Staminate flowers pink, the sepals suborbicular, about 13 mm
long, rounded. Capsules about 2 cm long, very unequally 3-
winged, one wing membranaceous, about 2 cm wide, the other
two about 4 mm wide.
Luzon, Apayao Subprovince, Mount Sulu, Bur. Sci. 284H Fenix, May
22, 1917, on rocky slopes in damp forests, altitude apparently above 800
meters.
This most characteristic species is readily recognized by its habit, its
long-petioled, subentire, caudate-acuminate leaves, and its very long in-
florescences. It apparently belongs in the same group as Begonia oxy-
sperma A. DC., but is entirely different from that species in its vegetative
42 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
characters, and is equally distinct from the scandent Begonia megacarpa
Merr.
CORNACEAE
M ASTI XI A Blume
MAST I XI A TETRAPETALA sp. nov. § Tetramastixia.
Arbor parva, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis numerosis,
confertis-, alternis, oblongis ad oblanceolatis, coriaceis, usque ad
8 cm longis, pallide olivaceis, nitidis, apice obtusis ad leviter
obtuseque acuminatis, basi cuneatis, nervis utrinque 6 ad 7,
distinctis; paniculis terminalibus, circiter 2 cm longis, leviter
pubescentibus ; floribus 4-meris, circiter 6 mm diametro, petalis
late ovatis, subacutis, glabris, 3 mm longis, calycis lobis latis,
subacutis, glabris, circiter 1 mm longis.
A small tree 3 to 4 m high fide Ramos, glabrous except the very
youngest growing parts and the inflorescences. Branches rather
stout, brownish, rugose, glabrous, terete, the very young branch-
lets and young petioles sparingly appressed cinereous-pubescent.
Leaves alternate, crowded, sometimes subopposite, coriaceous,
oblong to oblanceolate, 5 ad 8 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, pale-
olivaceous when dry, slightly shining, glabrous, the apex obtuse
to shortly and obtusely acuminate, base cuneate, margins often
revolute ; lateral nerves 6 or 7 on each side of the midrib, distinct,
the reticulations obscure; petioles 8 to 14 mm long. Panicles
terminal, sparingly appressed-pubescent, about 2 cm long,
branched from the base. Flowers 4-merous, rather numerous,
greenish-yellow, about 6 mm in diameter. Calyx-tube stout,
glabrous or very slightly pubescent, about 2 mm long and thick,
the limb somewhat spreading, the teeth 4, broadly triangular,
acute, about 1 mm long and wide. Petals suborbicular-ovate,
subacute, 3 mm long and wide. Filaments 2.3 mm long; anthers
broadly ovoid. Ovary projecting slightly above the calyx-tube,
the style stout, angled, about 1 mm long. Bracteoles triangular-
ovate, acute, 1 mm long, pubescent.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28575 (type), 28628
Ramos & Edano, May, 1917, in forests near the summit of the mountain,
altitude apparently about 1,000 meters.
This species is readily distinguished among the few Philippine forms
by its relatively narrow, crowded, alternate, leaves and its 4-merous flowers.
It does not appear to be very closely allied to any previously described
form. Bur. Sci. 29088 Ramos & Edano, from the same locality, may be
referable to this species, but it has subopposite larger leaves and much
larger inflorescences; the flowers are very immature. Mastixia premnoides
(Elm.) Hallier f. ( Vitex premnoides Elm.), which has 4-merous flowers,
is entirely different in its vegetative and floral characters.
XIII, C, 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
43
M ASTIXI A SUBCAUDATA sp. nov. § Tetramastixia.
Arbor parva novellis et inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis
stricte alternis, chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, oblongo-obovatis,
usque ad 6 cm longis, apice perspicue subcaudato-acuminatis,
basi cuneatis, nervis utrinque 4 ad 6, tenuibus; inflorescentiis
2 ad 3 cm longis, adpresse cinereo-pubescentibus ; floribus 4-
meris, circiter 3 mm longis, calycibus haud dentatis, extus gla-
bris vel parcissime pubescentibus ; petalis glabris.
A small tree, the very youngest parts and the inflorescences
appressed cinereous-pubescent, otherwise glabrous. Branches
terete, rather pale when dry. Leaves chartaceous to subcoria-
ceous, oblong-obovate, 5 to 6 cm long, 2 to 2.5 cm wide, the apex
prominently subcaudate-acuminate, the acumen blunt and up to
1 cm in length, base cuneate, when dry pale-olivaceous, somewhat
shining, the lower surface paler than the upper; lateral nerves
4 to 6 on each side of the midrib, slender, curved, the reticula-
tions indistinct; petioles 7 to 10 ‘mm long, when young slightly
pubescent, becoming glabrous. Panicles terminal, 2 to 3 cm
long, appressed cinereous-pubescent with short hairs, branched
at or from near the base. Flowers numerous, yellowish, about
3 mm long, 4-merous, the pedicels very short, the bracteoles
ovate, acute, pubescent, 1 mm long or less. Calyx about 2 mm
long, slightly pubescent, the limb narrow, undulate, somewhat
spreading, entire or very obscurely toothed. Petals broadly
ovate, obtuse, glabrous, 1.5 mm long. Anthers suborbicular, 1
mm long. Top of the ovary sulcate, the style stout, angled, 0.8
mm long.
Luzon, Sorsogon Province, Mount Lalao, Bur. Sci. 23353 Ramos, August
23, 1915, on the forested summit of the mountain, altitude not indicated.
The above specimen was originally determined as Mastixia philippinensis
Wang., a species common and widely distributed in the Philippines. It
differs constantly, however, in its 4-merous flowers, and besides has smaller,
somewhat differently shaped leaves, entire or subentire calyx-limb, and
glabrous petals.
MASTIXIA PREMNOIDES (Elm.) Hallier f. Beihefte Bot. Centralbl. 342
(1916) 41.
Vitex premnoides Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1915) 2874.
The type of this species is Elmer 1164b, from Mount Apo, Mindanao.
The species is also represented by the following specimens from the Lanao
District, Mindanao, which had been long since written up by me, but not
published, as a distinct species of Mastixia: Clemens 683, in flower, and
without number, in fruit, March and February, 1907, For. Bur. 25208, 2522b
Alvarez, March, 1916. The species belongs in the section Tetramastixia.
44 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
ARALIACEAE
BOER LAG I ODEN DRON Harms
BOERLAGIODEN DRON YATESII sp. nov.
Frutex glaber ; foliis palmatim 5- ad 7-foliolatis, foliolis coria-
ceis, oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, 8 ad 18 cm longis, omnibus
petiolulatis, acuminatis, basi acutis, margine irregulariter serra-
tis, dentibus mucronatis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, subses-
silibus, umbellatis, radiis primariis 5 vel 7, usque ad 3 cm longis,
dichotomis vel trichotomis ; floribus in capitulis globosis subcon-
fertis, 4-meris, capitulis circiter 1 cm diametro.
An erect glabrous shrub, the branches terete, brownish, 8 to
10 mm in diameter. Leaves alternate, palmately 5- to 7-foliolate,
their petioles 13 to 20 cm long, the basal crests 2 or 3, coriaceous,
glabrous, not at all pectinate; leaflets coriaceous, oblong to
oblong-elliptic, 8 to 18 cm long, 4.5 to 7 cm wide, apex rather
prominently acuminate, base acute, in the outer leaflets inequila-
teral, margins very irregularly serrate, the teeth minute to
rather coarse or even slightly sinuate, mucronate ; lateral nerves
6 to 10 on each side of the midrib, distinct; petiolules 0.5 to
2.5 cm long. Inflorescence terminal, umbellate, subsessile, the
primary branches 5 to 7, usually about 3 cm long, these trichoto-
mous or dichotomous, the secondary lateral branches '2 to 2.5
cm long, the central branch very short and bearing a head of
sterile flowers. Heads at the tips of the lateral branches globose,
about 1 cm in diameter, each composed of from 10 to 15 pedicelled
flowers, the pedicels in young fruit 2 to 3 mm long, the subtend-
ing bracteoles elliptic-ovate, rounded, about 3 mm long, their
margins ciliate. Very young fruits subellipsoid, about 4 mm
long, with 4 obscure, rounded angles.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Cadig, Bur. Sci. 25^18 Yates, December
12, 1916, in the mossy forest near the summit of the mountain.
A very characteristic species, readily distinguished by its palmately 5-
to 7-foliolate leaves, and its comparatively small, coriaceous leaflets. It is
perhaps most closely allied to Boerlagiodendron heterophyllum Merr.
BOERLAGIODEN DRON FENICIS sp. nov.
Frutex circiter 2.5 m altus, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliis
circiter 25 cm longis, in ambitu suborbicularibus, 5-lobatis, mem-
branaceis, lobis oblongis, brevissime et abrupte acuminatis, mar-
girie distanter denticulatis ; petiolis circiter 30 cm longis in di-
midio inferiore cristis obliquis pectinatis distantibus instructis;
inflorescentiis circiter 6 cm longis, furfuraceis, radiis primariis
circiter 15, tenuibus; fructibus sessilibus, ovoideis, 3-sulcatis,
3-angulatis, 3-locellatis, circiter 6 mm longis.
xm. c, i Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 45
A
An erect shrub about 2.5 m high, glabrous except the inflo-
rescence, the branches terete, wrinkled, about 1 cm in diameter.
Leaves membranaceous or somewhat chartaceous, suborbicular
in outline, about 25 cm long, deeply 5-lobed, the base subtrimcate,
7-nerved, the lobes oblong, 5.5 to 7 cm wide, extending one-half
to two-thirds to the base, the sinuses rounded, the tips shortly
and abruptly apiculate, the margins distantly denticulate, not at
all lyrately lobed, both surfaces shining when dry, the upper sub-
olivaceous, the lower slightly paler; petioles about 30 cm long,
the lower half with prominent, scattered, oblique crests about 2
mm wide, their margins pectinate, the laciniae slender, 1 to 1.5
mm long, the lower crests surrounding the petioles, the upper
ones reduced in length. Inflorescences terminal, umbellate, the
peduncles about 1.5 cm long, all parts more or less furfuraceous,
the primary branches about 15, slender, up to 5 cm in length;
each branch bears a pair of ovate, about 3 mm long bracts about
2 cm above the base subtending a short-peduncled sterile head
and often an additional long-peduncled fertile one, the sterile
heads dense, 4 to 7 mm in diameter, their peduncles 1 cm long
or less, the peduncles of the fertile heads 2 to 2.5 cm long and
bibracteate at about the middle. Fertile heads in fruit 10 to 12
mm in diameter, the fruits crowded, sessile, ovoid, longitudinally
3-sulcate, 3-angled, 3-celled, about 6 mm long.
Luzon, Apayao Subprovince, Guiniri, Bur. Sci. 28186 Fenix, May 12,
1917, on rocky slopes near streams.
The alliance of this species is apparently with Boerlagiodendron luzon-
iense Merr., from which it is readily distinguished by its thinner leaves,
the lobes denticulate but not at all lyrately lobed, the numerous scattered
crests, 3-celled fruits, and other characters.
BOERLAGIODENDRON TAYABENSE sp. nov. .
Frutex glaber, ramis teretibus, circiter 1 cm crassis; foliis
usque ad 28 cm longis, chartaceis, 3-lobatis, basi subtruncatis
ad late cordatis, lobis oblongis ad oblongo-obovatis, margine dis-
tanter apiculato-serrulatis ; petiolis 18 ad 22 cm longis, infra
perspicue cristatis, cristulis perspicue pectinatis, laciniis fili-
formibus, usque ad 1 cm longis; inflorescentiis pedunculatis,
confertis, radiis primariis circiter 4 cm longis, parce furfuraceis;
capitulis circiter 1 cm diametro.
An erect, apparently simple shrub, glabrous except the inflo-
rescence. Branches wrinkled, terete, about 1 cm in diameter.
Leaves 22 to 28 cm long, up to 30 cm in width across the lateral
lobes, chartaceous, brownish or olivaceous-brownish when dry,
shining, deeply 3-lobed, the base subtruncate to shallowly cor-
date, 9-nerved, margins distantly apiculate-serrulate, the lateral
46 The Philippine Journal of Science wis
»
lobes somewhat spreading, oblong-ovate, shortly and abruptly
acuminate, about 8 cm wide, the central lobe oblong-obovate,
about 20 cm long and as wide as the lateral ones, the sinuses
rounded, 3 to 4 cm wide at this distance above the base of the
lobes; petioles 18 to 22 cm long, the lower part with numerous,
spirally arranged crests, the crests prominently pectinate, the
laciniae slender, filiform, up to 1 cm in length, similar but smaller
crests scattered along the petiole in the lower one-half or two-
thirds, the upper crests reduced to few lacinae. Umbels ter-
minal, peduncled, the peduncle about 3 cm long, glabrous. Pri-
mary branches of the inflorescence about 15, crowded, about 4
cm long, sparingly furfuraceous, the subtending bracts lanceo-
late to oblong-lanceolate, about 1.5 cm long. Heads dense, about
1 cm in diameter.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28752 Ramos &
Edano, May, 1917, without data.
This species in many respects resembles Boerlagiodendron pectinatum
Merr., from which it is readily distinguished by its thinner, 3-lobed leaves
which are not acute at the base; its longer petioles with the pectinate
crests scattered along the lower one-half to two-thirds; its much longer
bracts; and larger heads. From the species with 3-lobed leaves it is at
once distinguishable by its prominently pectinate crests.
EBENACEAE
DIOSPYROS Linnaeus
DiOSPYROS VELASCOI sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 5 m alta, ramulis foliis junioribus subtus ad
costa nervisque calycibus et fructibus pills longis ferrugineis
vestitis; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 16 cm longis,
breviter petiolatis, basi late rotundatis, apice acute acuminatis,
nervis utrinque circiter 8, subtus valde prominentibus, anasto-
mosantibus; fructibus axillaribus, solitariis, sessilibus, ovoideis,
junioribus circiter 12 mm longis, in siccitate brunneis, nitidis,
acutis, pilis longis sparsis vestitis, ut videtur 1-locellatis, monos-
permis.
A small tree about 5 m high, the young branchlets, younger
leaves on the midrib and lateral nerves, petioles, calyces, and
young fruits ciliate-pubescent with long ferruginous hairs, the
older parts glabrous or nearly so. Older branches terete, smooth,
glabrous, sparingly lenticellete, slender. Leaves ovate to oblong-
ovate, chartaceous, brittle when dry, brown, shining, the lower
surface paler than the upper, 8 to 18 cm long, 2.5 to 7.5 cm wide,
base broadly rounded, apex acutely acuminate; lateral nerves
XIII, C, 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
47
about 8 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower
surface, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations lax;
petioles 4 mm long or less. Flowers not seen. Fruits axillary,
solitary, sessile, the calyx accrescent, ferruginous-pilose, the lobes
4, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, about 8 mm long and 5 mm wide.
Young fruits ovoid, brown when dry, acute or apiculate, spar-
ingly covered with long, rather weak, brown, subappressed or
somewhat spreading hairs, apparently 1-celled and 1-seeded.
Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Patlao, Camalaniugan, For. Bur. 23278
Velasco, October 18, 1914, on slopes, altitude about 100 meters.
A species well characterized by its solitary, axillary, sessile, pointed fruits,
and especially by the long hairs on the young fruits, calyces, and younger
vegetative parts. It is closely allied to Diospyros eriantha Champ, of south-
ern China and Formosa, but differs in its larger more numerously nerved
leaves which are rounded at the base.
DIOSPYROS TAYABENSIS sp. nov.
Arbor, ramulis junioribus et inflorescentiis dense subferrug-
ineo-pubescentibus ; foliis ellipticis ad oblongo-ellipticis, in sic-
citate brunneis, nitidis, usque ad 16 cm longis, chartaceis ad
subcoriaceis, acuminatis, subtus leviter pubescentibus, basi ro-
tundatis vel leviter decurrento-acuminatis, subtus utrinque
glandulis 1 ad 3 distinctis instructis, nervis lateralibus utrinque
10 ad 12, perspicuis, arcuato-anastamosantibus ; floribus $ axilla-
ribus, fasciculatis, circiter 1.5 cm longis, uniformiter dense
ferrugineo-pubescentibus, calycis lobis anguste oblongis, 6 mm
longis et 2 mm latis; staminibus 10, antheris lineari-lanceolatis,
acuminatis, 3 mm longis.
A tree, 20 meters high fide Ramos, the branches and branch-
lets terete, dark-brown, smooth, the former glabrous, the
latter uniformly and densely ferruginous-pubescent with short
hairs. Leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic, chartaceous to subco-
riaceous, brown and shining when dry, the lower surface a little
paler than the upper, 10 to 16 cm long, 4.5 to 7.5 cm wide,
the apex with a broad, obtuse, short acumen, the base rounded
and usually somewhat decurrent-acuminate, beneath with from
1 to 3, black, rather conspicuous glands on each side of the mid-
rib, the upper surface glabrous, the lower sparingly ferruginous-
pubescent especially on the midrib, nerves, and reticulations;
lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent,
spreading, somewhat curved, arched-anastomosing, the reticu-
lations lax; petioles rather stout, pubescent, brown, 5 to 8 mm
long. Staminate flowers axillary, fascicled, numerous, greenish-
white, crowded, about 1.5 cm long, all parts of the inflorescence
48 The Philippine Journal of Science i9is
uniformly ferruginous-pubescent. Calyx-tube turbinate, about
2 mm long, the lobes 5, narrowly oblong, pubescent, 6 mm long,
2 mm wide. Corolla-tube about 9 mm long, pubescent externally,
glabrous within, inflated below, narrowed above, the lobes ovate,
obtuse, 5 mm long. Stamens 10, their filaments glabrous, 2 mm
long; anthers linear-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, glabrous,
3 mm long. Rudimentary ovary ferruginous-villous.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28489 Ramos &
Edano, May 21, 1917, on forested ridges at low or medium altitudes.
This species greatly resembles Diospyros pilosanthera Blanco to which
it is apparently most closely allied. It is readily distinguished by its
indumentum.
SAPOTACEAE
BASSIA Koenig
SASSIA CAGAYAN ENS1S sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 15 m alta, floribus exceptis glabra ; foliis oblon-
gis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, subcoriaceis, usque ad 20 cm longis,
perspicue acuminatis, basi subacutis, interdum leviter inaequi-
lateralibus, nervis utrinque circiter 15, distinctis, reticulis baud
perspicuis; petiolis 2.5 ad 4 cm longis; fructibus oblongis, cir-
citer 2.5 cm longis, glabris, sepalis persistentibus, ovatis, circiter
8 mm. longis, dense adpresseque pubescentibus.
A tree about 15 m high, glabrous except the flowers and the
very tips of the branchlets. Branches grayish-brown,* terete.
Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, subcoriaceous, pale and shin-
ing when dry, 13 to 20 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, narrowed up-
ward to the rather prominently acuminate apex, the base sub-
acute and often slightly inequilateral; lateral nerves about 15
on each side of the midrib, distinct, anastomosing, the reticula-
tions not prominent; petioles 2.5 to 4 cm long. Fruits axillary,
solitary or fascicled, oblong, olivaceous when dry, about 2.5 cm
long and 1 cm thick, tipped by the slender style, their pedicels
about 1.5 cm long. Sepals 4, persistent, ovate, coriaceous, ap-
pressed-pubescent with pale-brownish hairs, acute or slightly
acuminate, about 8 mm long.
Luzon, Cagayan Province, Buyon, Eor. Bur. 26883 Bernardo, January 17,
1917, in dense forests, altitude about 15 meters, the fruits edible; locally
known as gasatan.
This species is distinguished among the comparatively few Philippine
representatives of the genus by its oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
comparatively long-petioled leaves.
xxii, c, i Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 49
MYRSINACEAE
ARDISI A Swartz
ARDIS1A N1GR0MACULATA sp. nov. § Akosmos.
Frutex glaber, circiter 3 m alta; foliis numerosis, integris,
oblongo-ellipticis ad oblongo-obovatis, utrinque maculis nume-
rosis nigris conspicuis instructis, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis,
usque ad 8 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis primariis
utrinque circiter 10, tenuibus ; inflorescentiis axillaribus, bipin-
natim paniculatis, multifloris, pedunculatis, foliis subaequan-
tibus; floribus 5-meris, calycis circiter 2.5 mm diametro, glan-
dulosis, lobis ovatis, rotundatis, margine leviter ciliatis, circiter
0.7 mm longis, petalis perspicue sed parce nigro-glandulosis,
circiter 3.5 mm longis.
A glabrous shrub about 3 m high, the branches rather stout,
brown, 5 to 7 mm in diameter, the petiolar scars large, promi-
nent and rather crowded on the younger parts. Leaves num-
erous, rather crowded, oblong-elliptic to oblong-obovate, charta-
ceous to subcoriaceous, pale olivaceous-brown when dry, shining,
5 to 8 cm long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the
acute base and to the acuminate apex, the margins entire, both
surfaces with numerous, conspicuous, black or nearly black
maculae and minutely glandular-punctate ; primary lateral nerves
about 10 on each side of the midrib, slender, scarcely more pro-
minent than are the secondary nerves and reticulations ; petioles
1 to 1.5 cm long. Inflorescences axillary and from the axils of
fallen leaves, bipinnately paniculate, peduncled, about as long
as the leaves, the primary branches 2.5 cm long or less. Flowers
numerous, racemosely arranged on the primary branches, 5-
merous, white, in full anthesis 8 mm in diameter, their pedicels
2 mm long or less, the buds ovoid, acute, the styles not project-
ing. Calyx 2.5 mm in diameter, the lobes broadly ovate, rounded,
margins minutely ciliate, rather prominently glandular. Corolla-
lobes subelliptic, 3.5 mm long, obtuse, each with from 5 to 11
very prominent, nearly black glands. Anthers oblong-ovate,
acute, 2 mm long, the filaments distinct, short, the connective
obscurely glandular on the back. Ovary ovoid; style 2 mm
long, not projecting beyond the corolla in bud.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28478 Ramos &
Edano, May 7, 1917, in the mossy forest, altitude apparently about 1,000
meters. A specimen with immature flowers and somewhat larger, less
conspicuously maculate leaves, Bur. Sci. 28659 Ramos & Edano, from the
same locality, apparently represents the same species.
158049 4
50 The Philippine Journal of Science i9is
This species is manifestly a representative of the section Akosmos and
is strongly characterized by its conspicuously maculate leaves, in this point
simulating some of our species of Discocalyx.
ARDISIA RIVULARIS sp. nov. § Tinas.
Species A. boissieri et A. salicifoliae affinis, differt foliis dis-
tincte angustioribus. Frutex circiter 2 m altus, glaber; foliis
coriaceis, lanceolatis ad oblanceolatis, usque ad 7 cm longis et
10 ad 18 mm latis, utrinque angustatis, acutis, nervis incon-
spicuis ; umbellis 2- ad 7-floris, floribus circiter 1.5 cm diametro,
calycis lobis punctatis, margine leviter ciliatis exceptis glabris,
antheris baud rugosis, dorso obscure glanduloso.
A glabrous shrub about 2 m high, the branches and branchlets
brownish, terete. Leaves numerous, rather crowded, lanceolate
to oblanceolate, 5 to 7 cm long, 10 to 18 mm wide, subequally
narrowed and acute at both ends, coriaceous, pale-brownish or
subolivaceous when dry, shining, of about the same color on
both surfaces, obscurely glandular, the midrib prominent, the
lateral nerves very slender and obscure; petioles about 5 mm
long. Umbels in the upper axils, rather numerous, solitary,
2- to 7-flowered, or sometimes the peduncle bearing but a single
flower, the peduncles 1 to 2 cm long, the pedicels usually about
1 cm in length. Flowers pink, about 1.5 cm in diameter when
expanded. Calyx glandular, glabrous except the slightly ciliate
margins of the lobes, the lobes extending one-half to the base,
ovate, rounded, about 1.5 mm long. Corolla-lobes elliptic, acute,
glandular, about 7 mm long and 4 mm wide. Anthers 4.5 mm
long, not rugose, obscurely glandular on the back, acute or acum-
inate. Fruits globose, 5 to 6 mm in diameter.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Umiray, Bur. Sci. 29020 (type), 28956 Ramos
& Edano, June 3, 1917, along the Umiray River in forests at low altitudes.
This species, judging from the debris attached to the specimens, and
its narrow leaves grows on river banks subject to sudden inundation,
having the stenophyllous leaves characteristic of a number of totally un-
related species that grow in similar habitats. Its alliance is manifestly with
Ardisia boissieri A. DC. and A. salicifolia A. DC., but it seems to be
sufficiently distinct from both.
LOGANIACEAE
FAGRAEA Thunberg
FRAGRAEA CURRANII sp. nov.
Species F. auriculatae Jack affinis, differt nervis lateralibus
obsoletis vel subobsoletis. Frutex scandens, glaber; foliis cras-
sissime coriaceis, usque ad 25 cm longis, anguste obovatis ad
oblongo-obovatis, rotundatis, basi angustatis, in siccitate utrin-
XIII, C, 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
51
que densissime verruculoso-rugosis, brunneis vel atro-brunneis,
nitidis; floribus magnis, circiter 10 cm longis, subcampanulatis.
A scandent shrub attaining a height of 30 meters according
to Curran and a diameter of 18 cm, entirely glabrous. Branches
stout, about 1 cm in diameter when dry, wrinkled, olivaceous to
blackish-brown, shining. Leaves very thickly coriaceous, brown
to black-brown on both surfaces when dry, shining, densely
verruculose-rugose, oblong-obovate to narrowly obovate, 12 to
25 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide, apex rounded, gradually narrowed
below the middle to the decurrent-acuminate base, the midrib
very prominent, the lateral nerves obsolete or nearly so ; petioles
stout, 2 to 4 cm long, the thick, inflated, basal portion about 1.5
cm in diameter. Flowers white, two or three at the apex of
each branchlet, their pedicels very stout, about 1.5 cm long,
black when dry, the subtending bracts oblong, obtuse, thickly
coriaceous 1.5 cm long. Calyx ovoid, about 3 cm long, the lobes
very thickly coriaceous, subelliptic, rounded, about 2.5 cm long,
the bracteoles ovate to oblong-ovate, obtuse, about 1.5 cm long.
Corolla somewhat campanulate, the tube up to 5 cm in length,
widened above, the lobes very thickly coriaceous, brittle when
dry, obovate, rounded, 4 to 5 cm long; anthers thick, about 8
mm long.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, For. Bur. 8015 Curran &
Merritt, November 6, 1907 (type), altitude about 100 meters; Mount Ma-
quiling, For. Bur. 26897 Mabesa, September 8, 1917, altitude 200 to 300
meters: Cagayan Province, Mount Ababaca, For. Bur. 17217 Curran, March,
1909 (sterile). Polillo, Bur. Sci. 101.80 McGregor, flowers only.
This species, originally named Fagraea curranii in 1908, was not then
published, but was placed under Fagraea auriculata Jack to which it is
closely allied, but it differs from the latter species in a number of characters,
notably in the obsolete or subobsolete lateral veins of its leaves.
FAGRAEA M ACGREGORI I sp. nov.
Ut videtur frutex scandens, F. longiflorae Merr. affinis, differt
foliis oblongo-obovatis, basi longe decurrentibus, calycibus sub
fructu quam fructibus brevioribus, haud accrescentibus.
Apparently a vine, probably pseudo-parasitic, the branches
stout. Leaves coriaceous, rather pale when dry, oblong-obovate,
up to 70 cm in length and 25 cm in wid&i, acute or slightly
acuminate, base gradually narrowed, decurrent along the 6 to
8 cm long petiole; lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the
very stout midrib, prominent on the lower surface, reticulations
obsolete. Flowers unknown. Fruits crowded at the apices of
the branches, about 15 in a rather close, dense head, the subtend-
ing bracts ovate, acuminate, about 3 cm long. Fruit, when fresh,
52 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
bluish-green, when dry oblong-cylindric, apiculate, about 4 cm
long. 1.5 to 2 cm in diameter, somewhat exserted from the calyx,
the calyx-lobes ovate, acute, about 1.5 cm long.
Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 17938 McGregor,
February 15, 1913.
A species somewhat resembling and manifestly closely allied to Fagraea
longifiora Merr., from Mount Banajao, Luzon. It differs, however, in its
somewhat exserted fruits and in its vegetative characters, the leaves of the
two being entirely different in shape.
APOCYNACEAE
ALYXIA Banks
ALYXIA REVOLUTA sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, glaber, ramis crassis, quadrangulatis ; foliis
quaternatis, anguste oblongis, crassissime coriaceis, usque ad 18
cm longis, obtusis, basi acutis et plus minusve decurrentibus,
margine valde revolutis, supra olivaceis, nitidis, subtus glaucis;
nervis lateralibus numerosis, supra obscureis, subtus obsoletis;
petiolo 3 ad 4 cm longo ; infructescentiis axillaribus,' solitariis,
ramosis, 3 ad 4 cm longis; fructibus ellipsoideis, circiter 1.4 cm
longis, apiculatis, vel dispermis et in medio constrictis.
A scandent glabrous shrub, the branches stout, distinctly 4-
angled, up to 1 cm in diameter, the ultimate parts 4 to 5 mm
in diameter, the internodes 4 to 8 cm long. Leaves 4-nate, very
thickly coriaceous, narrowly oblong, 13 to 18 cm long, 3.5 to 5
cm wide, obtuse, base acute and usually somewhat decurrent, the
margins very prominently revolute, the midrib very prominent,
the upper surface olivaceous, shining, the lower glaucous ; lateral
nerves numerous, slender, obscure on the upper surface, obsolete
on the lower ; petioles very stout, 3 to 4 cm long. Cymes axillary,
solitary, their peduncles 1 cm long or less, the branches usually
3, short, the bracteoles persistent. Fruits ellipsoid, when fully
mature black or dark-purple, the immature ones yellowish-brown
when dry, about 1.4 cm long, somewhat wrinkled, stipitate, apic-
ulate, 1-seeded, or sometimes constricted in the middle and 2-
seeded.
<&
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Cadig, Bur. Sci. 25515 Yates, December
12, 1914, in the mossy forest, altitude at least 800 meters.
A most characteristic species, readily distinguished by its narrowly
oblong, very thickly coriaceous, stiff leaves which are glaucous beneath,
the nerves here obsolete, but especially by the very strongly revolute mar-
gins. Its alliance is with Alyxia sibuyanensis Elm.
XIII, C. 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
53
ALYXIA GLABRA sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, glaber, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis
quaternatis, oblongo-ellipticis, subcoriaceis, olivaeeis, nitidis
usque ad 12 cm longis, basi acutis, apice breviter abrupte obtuse-
que acuminatis, nervis utrinque valde numerosis, tenuibus,
confertis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, fasciculatis, brevibus, um-
bellatis, glabris, umbellis 3- ad 5-floris; floribus circiter 14 mm
longis, breviter pedicellatis.
A scandent, entirely glabrous shrub, the branches and branch-
lets terete, the former pale, the latter dark-brown and about 2
mm in diameter, the internodes 6 to 17 cm long. Leaves quar-
ternate, olivaceous, of the same color on both surfaces and
shining when dry, subcoriaceous, oblong-elliptic, 8 to 12 cm long,
3 to 5 cm wide, base acute, apex rather abruptly acuminate, the
acumen short, blunt ; lateral nerves very slender, not prominent,
very numerous, crowded, the primary ones up to 1.5 mm apart;
petioles about 1 cm long. Inflorescences axillary, fascicled, um-
bellate, each umbel 3- to 5-flowered, the peduncles 5 to 6 mm
long, the pedicels about 3 mm in length; bracts very broadly
ovate, obtuse, 1.5 mm long. Calyx-tube very short, the lobes
broadly ovate, obtuse, 2 mm long and wide. Corolla white, the
tube cylindric, about 11 mm long, the lobes broadly elliptic-ovate,
obtuse, 3 to 3.5 mm long.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Infanta-Siniloan trail, Bur. Sci. 29207 Ramos
& Edano (type), June 14, 1917, in damp forests; Umiray, Bur. Sci. 28967
Ramos & Edano, June 1, 1917, in forests along the river.
This species resembles Alyxia monticola C. B. Rob., the flowers of which
are unknown, in many respects but is apparently not very closely allied
to it; Robinson’s species has the nerves at least twice as far apart as in
the present one. The entirely glabrous, simply umbellate inflorescences
are characteristic, and at once distinguish Alyxia glabra Merr. from A.
monilifera Vid.
ALYXIA LANCEOLATA sp.nov.
Frutex scandens, partibus junioribus et inflorescentiis par-
cissime obscureque puberulis exceptis glaber, ramis ramulisque
teretibus; foliis quarternatis, lanceolatis, chartaceis ad subco-
riaceis, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, usque ad 7 cm longis, apice
perspicue tenuiter et obtuse acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis lat-
eralibus obsoletis vel subobsoletis ; inflorescentiis circiter 2 cm
longis, unbellatim 3-5-floris; floribus circiter 1 cm longis, corol-
lae tubo 6 ad 7 mm longo.
A scandent shrub, entirely glabrous except the obscurely puber-
ulent younger branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences. Branches
54 The Philippine Journal of Science i9is
and branchlets terete, the former pale, the latter smooth,
reddish-brown, slender, about 1 mm in diameter, the internodes
2.5 to 6 cm long. Leaves quarternate, chartaceous to subcoria-
ceous, lanceolate, 4 to 7 cm long, 1 to 2 cm wide, narrowed below
to the acute base and above to the slenderly but obtusely acumi-
nate apex, the upper surface subolivaceous when dry, shining,
the lower much paler, the midrib prominent but the lateral
nerves obsolete or subobsolete; petioles 2.5 to 5 mm long. In-
florescences axillary, solitary, peduncled, umbellate, about 2 cm
long, each with 3 to 5 pedicelled flowers at the apex of the
peduncle, the pedicels 2 to 3 mm long, the bracteoles oblong-
ovate, subacute, 1 mm long. Calyx-tube very short, the lobes
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 mm long. Corolla-tube cylindric,
6 to 7 mm long, the lobes oblong-ovate, somewhat acuminate, 3
mm long.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Infanta-Siniloan trail, Bur. Sci. 29209 Ramos
& Edano, June 14, 1917, in damp forests. Bur. Sci. 28627 Ramos & Edaiio
from Mount Binuang, May, 1917, probably represents the same species,
but the flowers are very young and the leaves are uniformly dark-brown
on both surfaces; the difference in color in the dried specimens is probably
due to a difference of method in drying them.
The species is a very characteristic one and is distinguished by its
lanceolate, prominently acuminate, practically nerveless leaves and its
simple umbellate inflorescences.
ALYX1A LAXI FLORA sp. nov.
Species A. luzoniensis affinis, differt inflorescentiis tenuiter pe-
dunculatis, laxis, paucifloris, 3 ad 6 cm longis. Frutex scandens,
glaber, ramis teretibus, ramulis tenuibus, obscure angulatis, in-
ternodiis elongatis, usque ad 6 cm longis; foliis ternatis, char-
taceis, oblongis, ad oblongo-ellipticis, olivaceis vel brunneo-oliva-
ceis, usque ad 6 cm longis, basi acutis, apice late et obtuse subros-
trato-acuminatis, nervis utrinque numerosis, tenuibus, obscuris;
inflorescentiis axillaribus et terminalibus, laxis, paucifloris, longe
pedunculatis, 3 ad 6 cm longis; floribus circiter 1 cm longis.
A scandent glabrous shrub, the stems terete, 3 to 4 mm in
diameter, the branchlets dark-brown, smooth, very slender, 1
to 2 mm in diameter, the older ones terete, the younger ones
somewhat 3-angled, the internodes 4.5 to 6 cm long. Leaves
ternate, chartaceous, olivaceous or dark brownish-olivaceous,
of about the same color on both surfaces and shining when dry,
oblong to elliptic-oblong, 4 to 6 cm long, 1.5 to 3 cm wide, sub-
equally narrowed to the acute base and to the subrostrate-acu-
minate apex, the acumen broad, blunt; lateral nerves very
slender, obscure, 35 or more on each side of the midrib, the
XIII, C, 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
55
primary ones no more distinct than are the secondary ones;
petioles 3 to 4 mm long. Inflorescences axillary and terminal,
lax, few-flowered, 3 to 6 cm long, solitary or fascicled, glabrous,
dark-brown when dry, the peduncles 2 to 3 cm long. Flowers
(young) greenish-yellow, their pedicels up to 4 mm in length,
usually 5 to 7 on each inflorescence, the bracts ovate, obtuse,
about 1 mm long. Calyx about 2.5 mm long, glabrous, the lobes
oblong-ovate, obtuse, 1 mm long. Corolla-tube about 7 mm long,
narrowed below, the buds acuminate, the lobes ovate-lanceolate,
about 3 mm long, somewhat acuminate. Anthers about 1 mm
long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous.
Luzon, Apayao Subprovince, Mount Sulu, Bur. Sci. 28371 Fenix, May
22, 1917, in the mossy forest, apparently above an altitude of 800 meters.
The alliance of this species is manifestly with Alyxia luzoniensis Merr.,
which it closely resembles in most characters except its very lax, long-
peduncled, few-flowered inflorescences.
KOPS1A Blume
KOPSI A LAXINERV1A sp. nov.
Frutex circiter 3 m altus, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber ; foliis
oblongis, membranaceis, usque ad 22 cm longis, subolivaceis,
nitidis, basi acutis, apice breviter obtuseque acuminatis; nervis
primariis utrinque 10 ad 12, laxis, distantibus, patulis, anas-
tomosantibus, subtus distinctis; fructibus oblongo-ovoideis, cir-
citer 2 cm longis.
An erect shrub, about 3 m high, entirely glabrous except the
inflorescences. Branches terete or somewhat compressed, the
branchlets sulcate. Leaves membranaceous, olivaceous or pale
brownish-olivaceous and shining when dry, the lower surface
slightly paler than the upper, oblong, 12 to 22 cm long, 5.5 to
7 cm wide, base acute, apex shortly and broadly blunt-acumi-
nate; lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, distinct,
spreading, anastomosing, lax, the primary reticulations lax, dis-
tinct; petioles about 5 mm long. Infructescences terminal, pe-
duncled, 5 to 7 cm long, the younger branchlets and persistent
bracts somewhat ferruginous-pubescent. Fruits oblong-ovoid,
dark-brown or nearly black when dry, somewhat wrinkled, ob-
tuse, about 2 cm long and 1 cm in diameter.
Luzon, Apayao Subprovince, Guiniri, Bur. Sci 28232 Fenix, May 12,
1917, in thickets near streams.
This species is distinguished from Kojjsia longiflora Merr., to which it
is manifestly allied, by its leaves having much fewer and more laxly
arranged nerves than in that species.
56 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
CONVOLVULACEAE
ERYCIBE Roxburgh
ERYCIBE SARGENTI I sp. nov.
Frutex alte scandens, inflorescentiis plus minusve castaneo-
pubescentibus exceptis glaber; foliis coriaceis, oblongis, usque
ad 18 cm longis, obtuse acuminatis, basi rotundatis ad acutis,
in siccitate utrinque concoloribus, nitidis, uniformiter brunneis
vel purpureo-brunneis nervis utrinque 6 ad 8, distantibus, dis-
tinctis, anastomosantibus, reticulis laxis; paniculis axillaribus
terminalibusque, axillaribus circiter 5 cm longis, terminalibus
usque ad 12 cm longis et 5 cm latis, multifloris ; sepalis coriaceis,
orbicularibus, margine leviter ciliatis; corolla circiter 12 mm
longa, lobis obcordatis, circiter 8 mm longis et 12 mm latis.
A scandent shrub apparently of large size, entirely glabrous
except the inflorescences. Branches terete, smooth, very pale,
the younger branchlets sometimes brown or dark-brown, never
angled. Leaves coriaceous, oblong, 10 to 18 cm long, 3 to 8
cm wide, smooth and shining, of the same color on both surfaces,
and uniformly brownish or purplish-brown when dry, the apex
shortly and obtusely acuminate, the base rounded to acute; lat-
eral nerves 6 to 8 on each side of the midrib, distinct, somewhat
curved, anastomosing, the reticulations lax, not prominent; pet-
ioles stout, 1 to 2 cm long. Panicles axillary and terminal,
when young sparingly pubescent with dark purplish-brown,
short hairs, ultimately glabrous, the whole inflorescence uni-
formly dark-brown when dry, the axillary panicles about 5 cm
long, the terminal ones up to 12 cm in length and 5 cm in diam-
eter, rather densely many-flowered. Flowers white or pale-
yellowish, fragrant, about 12 mm long, their pedicels 3 to 4
mm long, sparingly pubescent, ultimately glabrous. Sepals or-
bicular, coriaceous, 3 to 3.5 mm in diameter, margins somewhat
ciliate, otherwise glabrous. Exposed parts of the corolla in bud
densely purplish-brown pubescent, the central pubescent part
in flower ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 5 mm long; corolla tube 4 to 5
mm long; the lobes in anthesis obcordate, about 12 mm wide
and 8 mm long. Anthers ovoid-lanceolate, acuminate, 2.5 mm
long. Fruits ellipsoid, glabrous, brown when dry, 1.5 to 2 cm
long.
Luzon, Cagayan Province, Penablanca, Adduru 18, May 4, 1917: Pan-
gasinan Province, Umingan, Bur. Sci. 17696 Otanes, May 6, 1914: Bataan
Province, Mount Mariveles, Williams 593 (type), 798, February and March,
1904: Zambales Province, San Antonio, Madarang s. n., April 29, 1914;
xiii, c. i Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 57
without definite locality, but probably from Zambales Province, Cuming
1071.
This characteristic species is apparently allied to Erycibe laevigata Wall.
The specimens are uniformly brown or purplish-brown when dry, giving
the species a distinctly characteristic appearance. The terminal panicles
are sometimes supplied with greatly reduced leaves. The species is dedi-
cated to Doctor C. S. Sargent, Director of the Arnold Arboretum, for whom
the Adduru collection was made.
IPOMQEA Linnaeus
IPOMOEA DIVERS! FOLIA R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 487; Benth. FI. Austral.
4 (1867) 416; Bailey Queensland Flora 4 (1901) 1058.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27589 Ramos, February
26, 1917, in grasslands at low altitudes.
This identification has been made entirely from the descriptions cited,
with which the specimens apparently agree perfectly. The species is
known otherwise only from the islands in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia.
In the Philippine form the ovaries .are 3-celled, the flowers about 5 cm
long, violet and white according to Ramos, solitary. The leaves closely
approximate those of Ipomoea coptica (Linn.) Roth (7. dissecta Willd.),
but the flowers are very much larger than in the latter species.
VERBENACEAE
CALLICARPA Linnaeus
CALLICARPA PLATYPHYLLA sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 8 m alta; foliis subcoriaceis, magnis, usque
ad 50 cm longis et 20 cm latis, integris, tenuiter subcaudato-acu-
minatis, basi acutis, supra glabris, olivaceis, subtus pallidis,
nitidis, densissime implexo-puberulis, indumento hand stellato,
nervis utrinque circiter 12, cum reticulis valde prominentibus ;
cymis dichotomis, pedunculatis, circiter 7 cm longis, stellato-
tomentosis; calycis truncatis, glabris, 3 cm diametro.
A tree about 8 m high, the branches 1 cm in diameter or less,
glabrous, somewhat 4-angled, the branchlets densely puberulent
with pale, dirty-brown indumentum. Leaves subcoriaceous,
oblong-elliptic to obovate-elliptic, entire, slenderly subcaudate-
acuminate, base acute, 35 to 50 cm long, 18 to 20 cm wide, the
upper surface glabrous, olivaceous, shining, the lower very dense-
ly covered with minute, matted, pale, puberulent hairs, the indu-
mentum not stellate, the whole lower surface pale-brownish, shin-
ing, the individual hairs not evident under an ordinary lens;
lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, very prom-
inent on the lower surface as are the subparaliel primary reti-
culations, curved, anastomosing; petioles stout, densely puberu-
lent, angled, 4 to 5 cm long. Cymes axillary, peduncled, rather
densely stellate-pubescent with pale hairs, dichotomous, about 7
58
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
cm long and 9 cm wide, the bracts linear-lanceolate, 4 to 5 mm
long, the bracteoles numerous, similar to the bracts but about
1 mm long. Calyx truncate, cup-shaped, 3 mm in diameter,
glabrous or nearly so. Fruits globose, about 3.5 mm in diameter.
Luzon, Cagayan Province, Pamplona, For. Bur. 26967 Velasco, August
9, 1917, in forests, altitude about 50 meters.
A most remarkable species, well characterized by its very large, entire,
slenderly acuminate leaves which are glabrous above and densely matted-
puberulent on the lower surface with a pale-brownish, shining, non-stellate
indumentum; glands, if present, are entirely obscured by the indumentum.
VITEX Linnaeus
VITEX CELEBICA Koord. Meded. Lands Plantent. 19 (1898) 560, 645.
Mindanao, Cotabato District, For. Bur. 651*3 Hutchinson, March, 1907,
For. Bur. 151*20 Pray, March, 1910: Zamboanga District, Siag River,
For. Bur. 13383 Foxworthy, DeMesa, & Villamil, May 29, 1912; Butuan
Subprovince, Amparo, For. Bur. 20746 Rafael & Ponce, October 10, 1913:
Davao District, Mount Apo, Elmer 11602, September, 1909, distributed as
V. pentaphylla Merr.
A species previously known only from Celebes, our Philippine material
agreeing closely with the description and with Celebes specimens in all
essential characters. In Cotabato it is known as calipapa-aso, molave-aso,
calipapa, and calipapa-madam ; and in Zamboanga as limpapa and himulauin.
SOLANACEAE
SOLAN UM Linnaeus
SOLAN UM LUZON I ENSE sp. nov.
Frutex erectus, ramosus, 0.5 ad 1 m altus, plus minusve pal-
lide stellato-tomentosus, ramis teretibus aculeis sparsis rectis
circiter 2 mm longis armatis; foliis mernbranaceis, oblongis,
integris, in siccitate subolivaceis, acuminatis, basi acutis, plerura-
que obscure inaequilateralibus, nervis utrinque circiter 5, te-
nuibus, curvatis, anastomosantibus ; cymis extra-axillaribus ter-
minalibusque, circiter 3 cm longis, breviter pedunculatis, stellato-
tomentosis ; floribus extus stellato-tomentosis, circiter 8 mm
longis, violaceis; fructibus globosis, glabris, carnosis, inermis,
coccineis, circiter 6 mm diametro.
An erect, branched, sparingly aculeate, more or less stellate-
tomentose shrub or undershrub 0.5 to 1 m high, the branches
terete, reddish-brown, sparingly cinereous-stellate-tomentose,
with scattered, straight, sharp spines about 2 mm in length, the
young branchlets rather densely stellate-tomentose. Leaves al-
ternate, membranaceous, subolivaceous when dry, slightly shin-
ing, the lower surface paler than the upper and more pubescent,
oblong, entire or obscurely undulate, acuminate, base usually
XIII. c. 1
Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII
59
slightly inequilateral, acute, the upper surface sparingly stel-
late-pubescent on the midrib and nerves or ultimately glabrous,
the lower surface with more numerous stellate hairs, rarely
largely confined to the midrib and nerves, more commonly scat-
tered over the entire surface ; lateral nerves slender, not prom-
inent, curved, anastomosing, about 5 on each side of midrib;
petioles rather densely stellate-tomentose with cinereous hairs,
1 to 2 cm long, unarmed. Cymes extra-axillary and terminal,
about 3 cm long, peduncled, rather few-flowered, stellate-tomen-
tose. Flowers violet, about 8 mm long, their pedicels up to 5
mm in length. Calyx somewhat campanulate, sparingly or ra-
ther densely stellate-tomentose, about 3 mm long, the lobes
oblong-ovate, acute or subobtuse, about 1.5 mm long. Corolla
sparingly stellate-tomentose externally, the tube short, the lobes
oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, somewhat acuminate, about
6 mm long. Anthers lanceolate, somewhat narrowed upward,
obtuse, 4 mm long. Fruit globose, glabrous, smooth, fleshy, red
when fresh, about 6 mm in diameter ; seeds few, flattened, about
3 mm in diameter.
Luzon, Nueva Ecija Province, Mount Umingan, Bur. Sci. 26J/.87 Ramos
& Edano, August 3, 1916, along small streams in open places at low
altitudes.
The alliance of this species is apparently with Solanum retrorsum Elm.,
from which, among numerous other characters, it is distinguished by its
indumentum and especially by its short, scattered, straight, spreading
spines. I refer here also the following specimens: Luzon, Pangasinan
Province, Bautista, Merrill s. n., July, 1903; Umingan, Bur. Sci. 17710
Otanes , April 17, 1914.
Var. GLABRUM var. nov.
A typo differt omnibus partibus glabris.
Luzon, Pampanga Province, Calumpit, Merrill U2S7 (type), September,
1905 ; Tarlac Province, Gerona, Guerrero s. n., April, 1906.
ACANTHACEAE
HEMIGRAPHiS Nees
HEMIGRAPHIS VIRiDIS sp. nov.
Caule herbaceo, erecto, usque ad 50 cm alto, ramis tetragonis
vel sulcatis, minute strigosis; foliis subaequalibus, laneeolatis
ad anguste laneeolatis, in siccitate viridis, nitidis, usque ad 9
cm longis, margine undulatis, basi obtusis, sursum angustatis et
longissime obtuse acuminatis, cystolithis subtus nullis, supra
numerosis, magnis, jam oculo nudo distinctis, nervis utrinque
circiter 10, subtus strigosis; spicis circiter 3, pedunculatis, 2.5
60 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
ad 5 cm longis ; bracteis numerosis, imbricatis, in siccitate viridis,
ovatis ad ovato-ellipticis, 1 ad 1.5 cm longis, membranaceis,
acutis ad obtusis, margine perspicue ciliatis, bracteolis nullis;
floribus circiter 13 mm longis, calycis lobis linearis, tenuiter
acuminatis, 8 ad 9 mm longis, ciliatis.
An erect, sparingly branched herb attaining a height of 50
cm, branched only in the upper part, the stems terete below,
about 2 mm in diameter, dull-greenish, densely covered with
short cystoliths, the branches sulcate or 4-angled, appressed-
strigose. Leaves of each pair subequal, lanceolate, ehartaceous,
green on both surfaces, shining and brittle when dry, 6 to 9 cm
long, 1 to 2 cm wide, margins somewhat undulate, base abruptly
rounded or obtuse, gradually narrowed upward to the slender
but obtusely acuminate apex, the upper surface with numerous
cystoliths distinctly visible to the naked eye, these wanting on
the lower surface but the midrib and lateral nerves here ap-
pressed-strigose ; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the
midrib, distant, distinct, prominently anastomosing; petioles 2 to
8 mm long. Spikes 3 to 5, peduncled, 2.5 to 5 mm long. Bracts
numerous, imbricate, foliaceous, green when dry, ovate to elliptic-
ovate, 10 to 15 mm long, 6 to 9 mm wide, shortly stalked, base
rounded to subacute, apex acute to obtuse, the margins prom-
inently ciliate with long white hairs ; bracteoles none. Flowers
white, about 13 mm long. Calyx-lobes free nearly to the base,
linear, 8 to 9 mm long, about 1 mm wide, narrowed upward to
the slenderly acuminate apex, prominently ciliate, the tip with
about three, long, slender, white hairs. Capsules 8 mm long
and 2 mm in diameter, slightly narrowed below, sparingly pub-
escent in the upper part.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27587 Ramos, February
27, 1917, in forests at low altitudes, with the Ilocano name caribuso.
A species manifestly belonging in the group with Hemigraphis cuming -
iana F.-Vill. and H. strigosa F.-Vill., but it is readily distinguished by its
vegetative characters.
HEMIGRAPHIS HIRSUTISSIMA sp. nov.
Herba prostrata, e radices sublignosa, ramis adscendentibus,
primariis usque ad 30 cm longis, ramis et foliis et bracteis prom-
inente hirsutis ; foliis ellipticis ad oblongis, usque ad 3 cm longis,
subeoriaceis, rigidis, sordide olivaceis, utrinque acutis vel apice
obtusis, supra pustulatis, cystolithis nullis, margine obscuris-
sime irregulariter crenatis vel integris, nervis utrinque 3 vel 4,
obscuris; spicis confertis, ovoideis, 1.5 ad 2 cm longis; bracteis
oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, obtusis vel subacutis, 10 ad 12
mm longis, prominente ciliato-hirsutis ; bracteolis filiformibus 3
xiii, c. i Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 61
mm longis, prominente ciliatis, 3 mm longis; floribus 13 mm
longis, calycis lobis 5, linearis, ciliatis, tenuiter acuminatis,
circiter 6 mm longis.
A prostrate herb from a thickened woody root, the primary
branches up to 30 cm long, rooting at the lower nodes, the branch-
lets and ends of the primary branches erect or ascending, all
parts except the corolla prominently hirsute with stiff, pale or
pale-yellowish hairs, those on the upper surface of the leaves
from thickened bases, the branches terete or very obscurely
4-angled. Leaves of each pair somewhat unequal, elliptic to
oblong, subcoriaceous, dull-olivaceous, 1.5 to 3 cm long, 7 to
13 mm wide, acute at both ends or the apex obtuse, margins
entire to obscurely and irregularly crenate, both surfaces prom-
inently hirsute, the upper surface pustulate, the cystoliths not
evident ; lateral nerves 3 or 4 on each side of the midrib, obcure ;
petioles densely hirsute, 2 to 3 mm long. Spikes sessile or shortly
peduncled, dense, ovoid, 1.5 to 2 cm long; bracts imbricate,
oblong to oblong-elliptic, obtuse to subacute, prominently hirsute
on both surfaces, 10 to 12 mm long; bracteoles filiform, prom-
inently ciliate, 3 mm long. Calyx-tube about 2 mm long, the
lobes linear, prominently ciliate, 6 mm long, slenderly acuminate,
one slightly longer than the other four. Corolla 13 mm long,
externally sparingly pubescent with short hairs.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27258 Ramos, March
16, 1917, on rocks along streams, flowers white.
A species well characterized by its comparatively small, rather densely
hirsute, obscurely nerved leaves which are pustulate on the upper surface;
its dense, ovoid spikes; prominently hirsute bracts; and filiform bracteoles.
H EM (GRAPH IS PAUCIFLORA sp. nov.
Herba erecta, simplex vel parce ramosa, usque ad 30 cm alta,
partibus junioribus et foliis et’ bracteis albido-hirsutis ; foliis
in paribus subaequalibus, anguste oblongis, membranaceis vel
chartaceis, olivaceis, utrinque acutis vel apice obtusis, margine
leviter crenatis, usque ad 4.5 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter
4, obscuris, utrinque hirsutis, pagina superiore cystolithis dis-
tinctis inspersis ; spicis solitariis, terminalibus, 1 ad 2 cm longis,
paucifloris; floribus violaceis, 17 mm longis; bracteis foliaceis,
oblongis, hirsutis, 8 ad 14 mm longis, obtusis.
An erect, slender, simple or sparingly branched herb 20 to 30
cm high, rather prominently white-hirsute, the stems below te-
rete, glabrous or slightly scabrid, the younger parts sulcate or
somewhat angled, hirsute. Leaves of each pair subequal,
narrowly oblong, 3 to 4.5 cm long, 10 to 13 mm wide, olivaceous
62 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918
or greenish-olivaceous, slightly shining, the lower surface some-
what paler than the upper, the upper surface with distinct
cystoliths and scattered, stiff white hairs, the lower surface
more prominently hirsute than the upper, acute at both ends,
or the apex somewhat obtuse, margins distinctly crenate ; lateral
nerves about 4 on each side of the midrib, slender, obscure; pe-
tioles hirsute, 5 to 8 mm long. Spikes terminal, solitary, 1
to 2 cm long, including the few flowers. Bracts somewhat im-
bricate, few, foliaceous, hirsute, oblong, obtuse, 8 to 14
mm long, olivaceous; bracteoles filiform, hirsute, about 3 mm
long. Calyx tube 2 mm long, the lobes 5, linear-lanceolate,
slenderly acuminate, prominently ciliate, one about 6 mm long,
the other four 4 mm long. Corolla slightly pubescent externally,
17 mm long.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27543 Ramos, March 9,
1917, along streams in forests at low altitudes.
The alliance of this species is manifestly with Hemigraphis hirsutissima
Merr., from which it differs in its strictly erect stems; longer leaves and
petioles; the leaves not pustulate on the upper surface, but with distinct
cystoliths; its few-flowered spikes; and distinctly larger flowers.
JUSTICIA Linnaeus
JUSTICIA DISPAR sp. nov. § Calophanoides.
Planta ut videtur erecta, suffruticosa, ramosa, subglabra,
ramis ramulisque teretibus ; foliis in paribus valde inaequalibus,
oblongo-ovatis, firmiter chartaceis, acuminatis, basi acutis vel
acuminatis, majoribus usque ad 6 cm longis, minoribus 1 ad 2
cm longis, utrinque cystolithis instructis; floribus axillaribus,
sessilibus, solitariis vel binis, 1.2 cm longis, bracteis (foliis
floralibus) oblongo-spatulatis, 6 mm longis; calycibus segmentis
5, lanceolatis, tenuiter acuminatis, minute adpresse hispidis.
Apparently erect, much branched, suffrutescent or the stems
distinctly woody, the branches and branchlets slender, terete,
the branches glabrous, the branchlets black when dry, sparsely
pubescent, often distinctly zig-zag. Leaves opposite, those of
each pair very unequal in size, the larger ones 4 to 6 cm long and
2 to 3 cm wide, the smaller ones 1 to 2 cm long, 1 cm wide or
less, acuminate, glabrous, firmly chartaceous, dark-olivaceous
when dry, base acute or acuminate, the cystoliths evident on both
surfaces ; lateral nerves of the larger leaves 4 to 5 on each side
of the midrib, slender, their petioles 5 mm long or less. Flowers
axillary, solitary or in pairs, white, about 1.2 mm long, each
subtended by a bract-like, oblong-spatulate, petiolate, 6 mm long
leaf. Calyx-segments 5, lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, 5.5
xiii, c, i Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 63
mm long, about 1.1 mm wide, slightly pubescent. Corolla-tube
5 mm long, lobes 6 mm long, the broader one broadly obovate, 5
mm wide, broadly 3-lobed, the lobes rounded, about 1.2 mm long,
the narrower lobe about 1.4 mm wide above, slightly retuse.
Stamens 2; anther cells one above the other, about 1 mm long.
Ovary oblong, glabrous; style glabrous, 6 mm long. Capsule
nearly 1 cm long, glabrous.
Luzon, Nueva Ecija Province, Mount Umingan, Bur. Sci. 264.99 Ramos
6 Edano, September 5, 1916, on dry slopes, altitude about 100 meters.
The alliance of this species appears to be with Justicia quadrifaria Wall.,
from which it is immediately distinguishable by its solitary or paired
flowers and its very unequal leaves. Among the Philippine species so far
described it is nearest to Justicia loheri C. B. Clarke, but that species has
linear leaves and differs in numerous other characters.
LEP1 DAGATH IS Willdenow
LEPI DAGATH IS MICROPHYLLA sp. nov.
Herba suberecta e radices incrassatis, circiter 20 cm alta,
ramis baud 1 mm diametro, teretibus, junioribus 4-angulatis,
minutissime cinereo-puberulis ; foliis ovatis, haud 1 cm longis,
coriaceis, acutis vel leviter acuminatis, integris, subtus puberulis,
nervis utrinque 3 vel 4, prominentibus ; spicis 1 ad 2 cm longis,
falcatis, densis; bracteis imbricatis, lineari-lanceolatis, cinereo-
pubescentibus, acuminatis, circiter 7 mm longis, haud lanato-
ciliatis ut in L. cinereae; floribus 5 mm longis, calycis lobis valde
inaequalibus.
A suberect, slender herb about 20 cm high, from somewhat
thickened woody roots, the branches terete, less than 1 mm in
diameter, minutely puberulent, the younger branches distinctly
4-angled. Leaves ovate, coriaceous, olivaceous, 5 to 9 mm long,
3 to 7 mm wide, entire, acute to slightly acuminate, base
rounded or obtuse, the upper surface glabrous or very slightly
pubescent, the lower puberulent; lateral nerves 3 or 4 on each
side of the midrib, prominent; petioles 1.5 mm long or less.
Spikes 1 to 2 cm long, dense, falcate. Bracts linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, 7 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, minutely cinereous-pubes-
cent. Upper calyx lobe lanceolate, 6 mm long, 1.2 mm wide,
the two lower ones 5.5 mm long and 0.8 mm wide, the two lateral
ones 5 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, all pubescent. Corolla red-
dish, 7 mm long. Anthers 1 mm long. Ovary glabrous.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27518 Ramos, March 10,
1917, on dry open hills at low altitudes.
This species somewhat resembles a greatly dwarfed specimen of Lepi-
dagathis cinerea Merr., to which it is distantly allied. It is distinguished
64 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
by its small size; in being herbaceous; in its ovate, much shorter leaves;
and in its narrow, merely pubescent and not lanate-ciliate bracts.
CUCURBITACEAE
TRICHOSANTHES Linnaeus
TRICHOSANTHES BRACTEATA (Lam.) Voigt Hort. Calc. (1845) 58.
Modecca ? bracteata Lam. Encycl. 4 (1798) 410.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur-. Sci. 27^15 Ramos, March,
1917: Cavite Province, Alfonso, Bur. Sci. 22505 Ramos & Deroy, May, 1915.
The two specimens cited above apparently represent forms of this some-
what polymorphous species, which other than F.-Villar’s previously unveri-
fied record of Trichosanthes palmata Roxb., a synonym, has not been re-
ported from the Philippines. The identification has been made wholly
from the published descriptions; both specimens present only male flowers.
India and Ceylon to Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and Timor.
ALSOMITRA M. Roemer
ALSOMITRA PUBESCENS sp. nov.
Scandens, omnibus partibus sordide breviter pubescentibus ;
foliis 3-foliolatis, foliolis ovatis ad elliptico-ovatis, membrana-
ceis, obscure olivaceis, usque ad 14 cm longis, integris, vel late-
ralibus ad basi lobato-auriculatis ; panieulis axillaribus, diffusis,
muitifloris, usque ad 20 cm longis, fioribus S circiter 6 mm
diametro.
Scandent, all parts more or less pubescent with short, dirty-
brown hairs, those on the stems and branches minutely capitate-
glandular. Leaves 3-foliolate, the petioles usually about 3 cm
long, the petiolules about 1 cm in length ; leaflets ovate to ovate-
elliptic, membranaceous, when dry dark-olivaceous, dull, entire,
acuminate, base usually acute, 8 to 14 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide,
the terminal one usually larger than the lateral ones, the latter
often with a short, oblong lobe on the margin near the base;
lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, distinct, ten-
drils slender, forked, up to 20 cm in length. Panicles axillary,
slender, peduncled, up to 20 cm long, many-flowered, the bracts
and bracteoles linear. Staminate flowers rotate, about 6 mm in
diameter, their pedicels up to 1 cm in length, slender. Sepals
oblong, apiculate, 1.5 mm long, somewhat gibbous at the base,
sparingly pubescent. Petals elliptic, rounded or apiculate, min-
utely pubescent with short scattered hairs, about 3 mm long.
Stamens 5, the filaments free, nearly 1 mm long. Pistillate
flowers and fruits not seen.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, trail to Dampalit Falls,
For. Bur. 263^6 Mabesa (type), January 23, 1917, in thickets, altitude 30
to 50 meters, flowers yellow; Baker UU71, January, 1917, “a large vine.”
xiii, o, i Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 65
The alliance of this species is manifestly with Alsomitra integrifoliola
(Cogn.) Hayata, which it rather closely resembles in appearance. It is
easily distinguished by its 3-foliolate leaves and its indumentum.
ILOCANIA genus novum
( Plagiospermeae , Cucumerineae)
Flores monoid, fasciculati. Masculi : Calycis tubus campanu-
latus, limbus 5-dentatus, lobi anguste lanceolati, erecti. Corolla
campanulata, infra medium 5-lobata, lobi ovati, obtusi. Stam-
ina 3, libera, tubo ealycis inserta, filamentis brevis; antherae
bilocularis, loculis longitudinaliter triplicatis, connectivo angusto,
ultra loculos non producto. Pollen globosum, laeve. Pistillo-
dium nullum. Flores ? : Corolla maris. Staminodia 3, linearia.
Ovarium globosum vel ovoideum, 3-loculare; ovula in loculis 3
vel 4, horizontalia ; stylus erectus, trifidus, stigmatibus crassis,
furcatis. Fructus globosis vel ovoideis, laevis, baccatis, parvis,
indehiscens, circiter 12-spermus. Semina haud compressa, mar-
ginata, tumida, corrugata. — Herba scandens, annua, tenuis,
glabra; foliis anguste pedato-lobatis, lobis 5 vel 7 linearis ad
anguste oblanceolatis, apiculatis, margine obscure denticulatis,
chartaceis vel membranaceis ; cirrhis bifidis; floribus parvis,
flavido-viridis ; fructibus parvis, laevis.
ILOCANIA PEDATA sp. nov.
Herba scandens, glabra vel floribus extus parcissime pubescen-
tibus, ramis longitudinaliter sulcatis, tenuibus; foliis in ambitu
late ovatis, cordatis, profunde 5- vel 7-lobatis, lobis usque ad
7 cm longis, exterioribus minoribus; petiolo leviter aculeato-
denticulato; floribus 5-meris, axillaribus, fasciculatis, breviter
pedicellatis, circiter 10 mm longis, campanulatis ; fructibus glo-
bosis vel ovoideis, circiter 1.5 cm diametro; seminibus circiter
5 mm longis.
A glabrous, monoecious, slender, apparently annual vine, the
branches about 1.5 mm in diameter, smooth, sulcate. Leaves
broadly ovate in outline, cordate, pedately divided into 5 or 7
narrow lobes which extend almost to the base, the lobes char-
taceous or membranaceous, dark-olivaceous, linear to narrowly
oblanceolate, 5 to 7 cm long, 2 to 7 mm wide, usually narrowed
at both ends, sinuses acute to rounded, tips apiculate-acuminate,
margins distantly denticulate, the upper surface, in mature
leaves, with numerous, rather prominent, scabrid, minute white
spots; petioles usually somewhat aculeate-denticulate, about 3
cm long. Tendrils bifid, slender, at least 10 cm long. Flowers
axillary, fascicled, greenish-yellow, campanulate, about 10 mm
153049 5
66
The Philippine Journal of Science
long, usually one pistillate and two to four staminate ones in a
fascicle, but one or two developing at one time; pedicels 2 to 4
mm long. Staminate flowers: Calyx about 4 mm long, campa-
nulate, the lobes 5, narrowly lanceolate, about 2.5 long. Co-
rolla lobes ovate, obtuse, slightly pubescent, about 6 mm long,
5-nerved. Stamens 3, in mature bud entirely free, the filaments
short, the anthers about 3 mm long, sigmoid, 2-celled. Pistillate
flowers similar to the staminate ones. Staminodes 3, linear,
2 to 3 mm long. Ovary globose, 3-celled; ovules usually 4 in
each cell, horizontal. Style about 2 mm long, the arms 3, about
3 mm long; stigmas stout, dichotomous. Fruit globose or ovoid,
baccate, smooth, about 1.5 cm in diameter. Seeds about 12,
about 5 mm long, margined, not compressed, prominently
swollen at right angles to the margin in the upper one-half,
flattened below, rugose.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27552 27490 Ramos,
February, 1917, borders of clearings at low altitudes, locally known as
parparya.
This species is readily recognized by its very narrowly lobed leaves, and
in its vegetative characters it is radically different from any other form
known to me. I cannot place it in any described genus, although, except
in its ovule characters, it conforms closely with the American- African genus
Cayaponia in most respects. However its ovules, while few in number,
are horizontal, hence placing it in the Pleiospermae. The stamens, entirely
free in mature buds, but appearing as if united in dried flowers, are those
of the Cucumerineae, and it apparently comes in the group with Sicania and
Physedra, yet is very different from both of these genera.
THE PHILIPPINE BUREAU OF SCIENCE
RECENT PUBLICATIONS
AN INTERPRETATION OF RUMPHIUS’S HERBARIUM AMBOINENSE
By E. D. Merrill
Based on the collections made in Amboina by the late Charles Budd
Robinson
Order No. 450. Bureau of Science Publication No. 9. Paper, 595 pages and 2 maps.
Price $3, United States currency, postpaid.
The Herbarium Amboinense is a classical work on the Malayan
flora and one that is absolutely essential to the systematist to-day.
The great importance of the work is due to the fact that later
authors have made the Rumphian descriptions and figures the
actual “types” of many binomials. As an original source the
Herbarium Amboinense stands preeminent among all the early
publications on Malayan botany.
Professor Merrill’s interpretation of the Herbarium Ambo-
inense discusses the status of each species described by Rumphius
and assigns it to a position in the modern system of classifica-
tion. This publication will be of great service to any one work-
ing on Indo-Malayan systematic botany.
A GRAMMAR OF LEPANTO IGOROT AS IT IS SPOKEN AT BAUCO
By Morice Vanoverberg
Order No. 43S. Vol. V, Part VI, Division of Ethnology Publications. Paper, 102 pages.
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CONTENTS
Page.
MERRILL, E. D. New or noteworthy Philippine plants, XIII 1
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Vol. XIII, Sec. C, No. 2
March, 1918
THE PHILIPPINE
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
ALVIN J. COX, M. A., Ph. D.
GENERAL EDITOR
Section C. Botany
E. D. MERRILL, M. S.
EDITOR
WITH THE COOPERATION OF
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MANILA
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1918
PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
A TEN=YEAR INDEX
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VOLUME I (1906) TO VOLUME X (1915)
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STUDIES IN PHILIPPINE DIPTERA, II
By M. Bezzi
Order No. 437. Bureau of Science Publication No. 10. Paper, 59 pages and 1 plate.
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THE PHILIPPINE
Journal of Science
C. Botany
VOL. XIII MARCH, 1918 No. 2
NEW SPECIES OF BORNEAN PLANTS
By E. D. Merrill1
( From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of
Science, Manila)
In the past two years I have published three papers on the
Bornean flora,2 the present one being essentially like those
already issued. These papers have been the necessary pre-
liminary ones in preparation for the publication of my “Biblio-
graphic Enumeration of Bornean Plants” the manuscript of
which is now completed, and which is to be published by the
Sarawak Museum. No new species are described in the enume-
ration, but only those species are included that have been de-
scribed from or credited to Borneo.
The present paper consists of the descriptions of sixty-one
new or presumably new species in the families Magnoliaceae,
Connaraceae, Leguminosae, Rutaceae , Meliaceae, Euphorbiaceae,
Sterculiaceae, Dilleniaceae, Passifioraceae, Flacourtiaceae, Myrta-
ceae, Araliaceae, Clethraceae, Myrsinctceae, Oleaceae, Gentiana-
ceae, Asclepiadaceae, and Rubiaceae.
MAGNOLIACEA.E
ILLICIUM Linnaeus
ILLICIUM STAPF1I sp. nov.
Illicium sp. Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1894) 128, cum descr.
To Stapf’s diagnosis I add the following data from our re-
cently collected material: Leaves up to 17 cm long and 9 cm
1 Professor of botany, University of the Philippines.
2 Merrill, E. D., Notes on the Flora of Borneo, Philip. Journ. Set. 1 1
(1916) Bot. 49-100: Contributions to our knowledge of the flora of Borneo,
Journ. Str. Branch Roy. As. Soc. 76 (1917) 75-117: Alabastra Borneensia,
op. cit. 77 (1917) 189-247.
154870 6 7
68 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
wide, subopposite or subverticillate. Flowers dull-red. Sepals
of fully mature flowers up to 12 mm in length, the petals about
as long as but broader than the sepals. Fruiting pedicels up
to 8 cm in length, the carpels as many as 11, of which two or
three are usually aborted, the individual carpels about 12 mm
long, lanceolate, acuminate, spreading.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Marai Parai Spur, Mrs.
Clemens 10995, 11081, 1094.9, November 22 and December 1 and 3, 1915,
a shrub or small tree 2 to 6 m high.
The specimens agree with Stapf’s diagnosis based on Haviland 1272
from Kinataki, Mount Kinabalu, and I have no doubt that they represent
the same species. Stapf considered that the species was perhaps most
closely allied to Illicium cambodianum Hance, which Finet & Gagnepain
place as a variety of Illicium griffithii Hook. f. & Th. My specimens
of Illicium cambodianum Hance differ remarkably from this Bornean form
in their smaller, very obscurely and fewer-nerved leaves.
CONNARACEAE
CONNARUS Linnaeus
CONNARUS AGAMAE sp. nov.
Arbor fide Agama, partibus junioribus minute subferrugineo-
pubescens, ramis ramulisque crassis, teretibus ; f oliis 3-foliolatis,
foliolis subcoriaceis, oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 23
cm longis, basi rotundatis, apice acuminatis, supra pallidis, niti-
dis, subtus ad costa nervisque minute puberulis, nervis utrinque
13 ad 15, subtus prominentibus ; paniculis axillaribus terminali-
busque, sub fructu usque ad 35 cm longis ; f olliculis inaequilatera-
liter obovoideis, leviter compressis, crasse carinatis, 5 ad 6 cm
longis, apice lateraliter breviter rostratis, basi cuneatis, extus
glabiis, brunneis, nitidis, oblique striatis, intus densissime sim-
pliciter tomentosis.
A tree fide Agama, the older parts glabrous, the branchlets,
inflorescences, and lower surface of the leaflets minutely sub-
ferruginous-puberulent. Branches and branchlets terete, stout,
the former about 8 mm in diameter, glabrous, brownish, spar-
ingly lenticellate, the latter subferruginous-puberulent. Leaves
3-foliolate, or the uppermost ones 1-foliolate, the petiole and
rachis up to 17 cm in length; leaflets oblong to oblong-elliptic,
subcoriaceous, 17 to 23 cm long, 7 to 10 cm wide, somewhat
acuminate, base rounded, the upper surface pale, shining, gla-
brous, the lower minutely puberulent especially along the midrib
and lateral nerves; lateral nerves 13 to 15 on each side of the
midrib, prominent, somewhat curved, anastomosing, the reticula-
tions slender, rather distinct ; petiolules stout, rugose, puberulent,
or ultimately glabrous. Panicles axillary and terminal, in fruit
xiii. c. 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 69
up to 35 cm in length, the lower branches often subtended by
1-foliolate leaves, the branches up to 20 cm in length, more or
less ferruginous-puberulent, or in age nearly glabrous. Follicles,
including the stalk, 5 to 6 cm long, inequilaterally obovoid,
somewhat compressed^ about 3 cm wide, the sutures rather
stoutly keeled, one side nearly straight or but slightly curved,
the other very prominently curved, the apex broadly rounded and
laterally subrostrate with a stout short beak, narrowed below
to the stout, 1 to 1.5 cm long pseudostalk, the pericarp brown,
shining, diagonally striate and glabrous externally, almost woody
in texture, inside very densely tomentose with somewhat fulvous,
simple, shining, short hairs. Aril 2-lobed, the lobes suborbi-
cular, about 8 mm long, the seed very immature.
British North Borneo, Tawao, Agama U22, July 14, 1917, on ridges,
the fruit greenish-red.
This species is strongly characterized by its 3-foliate leaves, many-
nerved, rather large leaflets, and its large, inequilaterally obovoid, laterally
beaked follicles, which are densely tomentose within with simple hairs, but
glabrous and shining outside. It is probably as closely allied to Connanis
grandis Jack as to other species.
CONNARUS BQRNEENSIS sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, inflorescentiis amplis, minute ferrugineo-
pubescens; foliis 3- vel 5-foliolatis, foliolis oblongo-ovatis, utrin-
que glabris, acutis vel leviter acuminatis, basi obtusis ad subro-
tundatis, in siccitate brunneis, nitidis, subcoriaceis, usque ad 13
cm longis, nervis utrinque 4 vel 5, perspicuis, curvato-adscen-
dentibus ; paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque, usque ad 25 cm
longis, multifloris; floribus circiter 5 mm longis, sepalis anguste
oblongis, obtusis, pubescentibus, petalis oblanceolatis, nigro-
punctatis, glabris, quam sepalis duplo longioribus; folliculis cir-
citer 3 cm longis, oblique obovoideis, leviter compressis, stipitatis,
in siccitate brunneis, nitidis, apice late rotundatis, lateraliter
breviter acuteque rostratis, basi cuneatis, junioribus extus par-
cissime pubescentibus glabrescentibus, intus pilis paucis simpli-
cibus adpressis instructis.
A scandent shrub, glabrous except the minutely pubescent or
puberulent inflorescences, the indumentum ferruginous or sub-
ferruginous. Branches terete, brownish, sparingly lenticellate,
the young branchlets usually slightly pubescent. Leaves 3- or
5-foliolate, about 20 cm long, the rachis and petiole glabrous;
leaflets oblong-ovate, subcoriaceous, usually brown when dry,
shining, 8 to 13 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, apex acute to slightly
acuminate, base obtuse to somewhat rounded; lateral nerves 4
or 5 on each side of the midrib, rather prominent, curved-ascend-
70 The Philippine Journal of Science wis
ing, anastomosing, the reticulations fine, close, not prominent;
petiolules about 5 mm long. Panicles axillary and terminal,
up to 25 cm in length, the lower branches up to 20 cm long,
more or less ferruginous-puberulent or pubescent, or the in-
dumentum dark-brown, the bracts and bracteoles 1 mm long or
less. Flowers about 5 mm long, their pedicels 1 mm long or
less. Sepals narrowly oblong, pubescent, obtuse, about 2.6 mm
long, sparingly black glandular-punctate. Petals twice as long
as the sepals, glabrous, oblanceolate, obtuse, about 1.4 mm wide
above, distinctly black glandular-punctate. Longer filaments 5
mm, the shorter ones less than 1 mm in length. Ovary ovoid,
pubescent; style about 2 mm long. Follicles obliquely obovoid,
slightly compressed, including the stipe about 3 cm long, 1.5
mm wide, the apex broadly rounded, with a short, lateral, acute
beak, the base gradually narrowed, cuneate, the stipe about 6
mm long, the pericarp coriaceous, brown and shining when dry,
obliquely and finely striate, when young sparingly pubescent
outside, soon becoming glabrous, inside sparingly hirsute with
widely scattered, appressed, simple hairs.
Sarawak, Mount Santubong, Native collector 2361 (type) Bur. Sci.,
without locality Native collector 2U0 Bur. Sci.; British North Borneo,
Sandakan, Villamil 191, March 22, 1916.
This species may be distinguished by its glabrous petals, which are
twice as long as the sepals; its ample paniculate inflorescences; and its
follicles, which are sparingly hirsute inside with widely scattered, appressed,
simple hairs.
CONNARUS DENSIFLORUS sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor, ramulis junioribus et inflorescentiis dense
subferrugineo-pubescens, ramis glabris, verruculoso-lenticellatis ;
foliis circiter 13 cm longis, 5-foliolatis, foliolis crasse coriaceis,
ellipticis, usque ad 8 cm longis, pallide brunneis, nitidis, acumi-
natis; basi subrotundatis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6, tenuibus, obscu-
ris; inflorescentiis terminalibus, circiter 20 cm longis, e basi
ramosis, ramis valde elongatis; floribus numerosis, in ramulis
ultimis dense confertis, circiter 5.5 mm longis, petalis quam
sepalis quadruple longioribus, anguste lanceolatis, utrinque
puberulis.
A shrub or tree, possibly scandent, the very young branchlets
and the inflorescences rather densely subferruginous-pubescent
or puberulent with short, simple hairs. Branches terete, brown-
ish, about 5 mm in diameter, rather prominently verruculose-
lenticellate, glabrous. Leaves about 13 cm long, the rachis and
petiole 6 to 7 cm long, glabrous. Leaflets thickly coriaceous,
subelliptic, pale-brownish when dry, shining, 6 to 8 cm long,
xiii, c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 71
4 to 5 cm wide, apex distinctly acuminate, base subrounded;
lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, slender, indis-
tinct, as are the reticulations, curved, anastomosing; petiolules
up to 8 mm in length. Panicles terminal, branched from the
base, the branches up to 20 cm in length, densely many-flowered,
the flowers crowded on the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels 1
mm long or less, ebracteolate. Sepals pubescent, obtuse, nar-
rowly oblong, about 1.5 mm long. Petals rather densely pale-
or subfulvous-puberulent on both surfaces, narrowly lanceolate,
about 6 mm long and 1.4 mm wide. Longer filaments 5 mm
long, the shorter ones 1.2 mm in length. Ovary ovoid, the style
2 mm in length, both densely fulvous-pubescent.
Sarawak, Retuh, Sadong, Native collector 2550 Bur. Sci.
This species is well characterized by its 5-foliolate, entirely glabrous
leaves, thickly coriaceous, obscurely nerved leaflets, and densely flowered
inflorescences, which are terminal and branched from the base. The leaflets
somewhat resemble those of Connarus pachyphyllus Merr., but the nerves
are obscure, while the inflorescence is entirely different from the infruc-
tescence of the latter species.
CONNARUS PACHYPHYLLUS sp. nov.
Arbor, ut videtur glabra, ramis perspicue verruculoso-lenti-
cellatis; foliis 3-foliolatis, foliolis crassissime coriaceis, ellipticis
ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 11 cm longis, in siccitate brunneis
vel olivaceo-brunneis, nitidis, basi rotundatis vel leviter cordatis,
apice latissime et obtuse breviter acuminatis, nervis utrinque
circiter 9, haud prominentibus ; infructescentiis depauperato-
cymosis vel paniculatis, lateralibus, folliculis exceptis circiter
2.5 cm longis; folliculis leviter inaequilateralibus, longe stipita-
tis, leviter compressis, 3.5 ad 4 cm longis, subellipsoideis, apice
rotundatis, basi acuminatis, extus irregulariter rugosis, glabris,
nitidis, intus glabris.
A tree, fide Foxworthy, apparently glabrous throughout (inflo-
rescences not seen). Branches terete, grayish-brown, glabrous,
prominently verruculose-lenticellate. Leaves about 20 cm long,
3-foliolate, the petiole and rachis about 8 cm long, brownish,
rugose, shining. Leaflets very thickly coriaceous, elliptic to
oblong-elliptic, 9 to 11 cm long, 5 to 6 cm wide, base broadly
rounded to subcordate, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate,
margins recurved, when dry brownish or brownish-olivaceous,
prominently shining, the upper surface smooth; lateral nerves
about 9 on each side of the midrib, rather distinct but not
prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations rather lax; petiolules
6 to .8 mm long, rugose, glabrous. Infructescences lateral, a
depauperate cyme or panicle, the rachis and branches 2.5 cm
72 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918
long or less. Follicles stipitate, up to 4 cm in length, about
2.2 cm wide, somewhat compressed, slightly inequilateral, stipi-
tate, subellipsoid, the apex rounded, laterally and obscurely
beaked, base acuminate, the pseudostalk about 1 cm long, the
pericarp externally irregularly rugose when dry, brownish, shin-
ing, entirely glabrous outside and within. Seeds large, some-
what compressed, 2 to 2.5 cm long, smooth, dark-brown, shining,
the aril bilobed, the lobes broadly ovoid, rounded, up to 1.5 cm
long, radiately rugose, the margins undulate.
Sarawak, Lundu, Foxworthy 35, May 10, 1908, the fruit yellow when
fresh, the seed black, and the aril yellow; local name (Dyak) bua tumut.
This species is strongly characterized by its 3-foliolate leaves, its very
thickly coriaceous, glabrous leaflets, and its very depauperate lateral
inflorescences. It is not closely allied to any other species known to me;
the follicles are entirely glabrous without and within.
CONNARUS PLUMOSO-STELLATUS sp. nov.
Frutex ut videtur scandens, ramulis et petiolis et subtus foliis
et inflorescentiis densissime ferrugineo-tomentosis, indumento
stellato-plumosus ; foliis 14 ad 27 cm longis, 5- vel 7-foliolatis,
foliolis oblongis, coriaceis, usque ad 11 cm longis, tenuiter acumi-
natis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque 5 ad 7, perspicuis; paniculis
terminalibus axillaribusque, usque ad 30 cm longis; petalis an-
guste oblanceolatis, utrinque glabris, 6.5 ad 8 mm longis.
A shrub, apparently scandent, the branchlets, petioles, and
rachis, lower surface of the leaflets, and the inflorescences very
densely ferruginous-pubescent with characteristic stellate-plu-
mose hairs. Branches and branchlets terete, brown. Leaves
14 to 27 cm long, 5- or 7-foliolate; leaflets mostly oblong, coria-
ceous, 7 to 11 cm long, 2 to 4 cm wide, the upper surface brown,
glabrous, shining, the lower densely tomentose, the apex slen-
derly acuminate, base acute ; lateral nerves 5 to 7 on each side of
the midrib, rather prominent, curved-ascending, anastomosing,
the reticulations rather lax, distinct on the lower surface ; petio-
lules densely tomentose, 3 mm long or less. Panicles axillary
and terminal, up to 30 cm in length, the primary branches up
to 10 cm in length, the bracts and bracteoles linear, curved,
about 5 mm long, densely tomentose. Flowers yellow. Sepals
linear-oblong, 4 to 5 mm long, densely stellate-pubescent. Petals
narrowly oblanceolate, 6.5 to 8 mm long, glandular-punctate,
glabrous, obtuse or subacute. Five longer filaments 3 to 4 mm
long, the five alternating ones 1 to 2 mm in length. Ovary ovoid,
very densely stellate-plumose-pubescent, the hairs up to 1.5 mm
in length.
xni, c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 73
Sarawak, Matang Road near Kuching, Native collector 1062, 725
(type), the latter collected May 31, 1901; Samatan, Foxivorthy 157, in
swampy places, May 20, 1908, with the Dyak name guid malam.
This species is readily recognizable by its very dense and characteristic,
ferruginous, stellate-plumose indumentum. From Blume’s entirely inad-
equate description it might be Tricholobus ferrugineus Blume Mus. 1
(1850) 237, which King considers to be the same as Connarus ferrugineus
Jack, a species entirely different from the present one, but which Schel-
lenberg,3 who has examined Blume’s type specimen, states is identical
with Connarus hebephyllus King. It seems, on the whole, to be closely
allied to the Sumatran Tricholobus fulvus Blume, and may prove to be
identical with Blume’s species; however, Blume’s specific name is invalid
in Connarus, so that I have not hesitated in describing the present species
under a different specific name.
LEGUMINOSAE
CRUDIA Schreber
CRUDIA RETICULATA sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 7 m alta, glabra, ramulis tenuibus; foliis 2-
vel 3-foliolatis, foliolis chartaceis, oblongis, usque ad 23 cm longis,
in siccitate pallide brunneis, basi rotundatis ad subacutis, apice
tenuiter caudato-acuminatis, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter
10, supra plus minusve impressis, subtus cum reticulis laxis valde
prominulis, arcuato-anastomosantibus ; leguminis inaequilatera-
libus, oblongo-falcatis, usque ad 10 cm longis et 3 cm latis,
obtusis, valvis crasse coriaceis, laxe reticulatis.
A tree about 7 m high, entirely glabrous (flowers unknown),
the branches and branchlets terete, brownish, the latter slender.
Leaves 2- or 3-foliolate, the petiole and rachis 2 to 4 cm long,
the latter slightly projecting above the ultimate petiolule; leaflets
in general oblong, chartaceous, pale-brownish and shining when
dry, 15 to 23 cm long, 5 to 6 cm wide, the apex slenderly caudate-
acuminate, the acumen blunt, up to 3.5 cm in length, base
rounded to subacute; primary lateral nerves about 10 on each
side of the midrib, on the upper surface with the midrib and
arcuate marginal nerves somewhat impressed, on the lower sur-
face with the lax reticulations very prominent, arched-anastomos-
ing 5 to 10 mm from the edge of the leaf; petioiules brown,
rugose, 5 mm long or less; stipules linear-lanceolate, acuminate,
about 7 mm long. Pods oblong, somewhat inequilaterally fal-
cate, obtuse, 8 to 10 cm long, about 3 cm wide, one suture
nearly straight, the other curved, the valves glabrous, laxly
reticulate, coriaceous, brown and often slightly glaucous when
' Beitr. Vergleich. Anat. Connar. (1910) 75.
74 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
dry; seeds 1 or 2, compressed, brown, 3 to 3.5 cm long, about
2 cm wide.
British North Borneo, Sapagaya River, Sandakan District, Villamil
393, September, 1917, in level lands, altitude about 10 meters.
This strongly characterized species is well marked by its few, rather
large, prominently and laxly reticulate, slenderly caudate-acuminate leaf-
lets; its laxly reticulate valves; and in being entirely glabrous throughout.
It differs radically from Crudia havilandi Prain, to which it is apparently
most closely allied, in its fewer, much larger, more numerously nerved,
leaflets.
RUTACEAE
MELICOPE Forster
MELICOPE UNIFOLIOLATA sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor, partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque excep-
tis glabra ; foliis 1-foliolatis, foliolis chartaceis, olivaceis vel brun-
neis, nitidis, oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 15 cm longis, acuminatis
ad rotundatis, basi cuneatis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter
13, distinctis, anastomosantibus ; inflorescentiis axillaribus ter-
minalibusque, paucifloris, pedunculatis, 3 ad 6 cm longis; petalis
oblongo-ovatis, 2.5 mm longis, acutis vel leviter acuminatis, parce
pubescentibus.
A shrub or tree, glabrous except the tips of the branchlets
and the inflorescences. Branches pale when dry, glabrous, com-
pressed. Leaves all 1-foliolate, the leaflets chartaceous, oliva-
ceous or brown when dry, shining on both surfaces, 10 to 15
cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, mostly oblong-elliptic, the lower surface
distinctly glandular-puncticulate, the apex broadly acuminate
and apiculate to broadly rounded, the base cuneate; primary
lateral nerves about 13 on each side of the midrib, distinct,
anastomosing, the reticulations irregular, distinct; petioles 1 to
2 cm long. Cymes axillary and terminal, 3 to 6 cm long, few-
flowered, sparingly fulvous- to cinereous-pubescent, the primary
branches few, 1 cm long or less, each bearing from three to six
subumbellately arranged flowers at their apices, the pedicels up
to 4 mm in length. Calyx-lobes pubescent, ovate, obtuse, 0.4 mm
long or less. Petals sparingly pubescent, oblong-ovate, acute or
slightly acuminate, about 2.5 mm long. Ovary glabrous. Sta-
mens 8, the filaments equal.
Sarawak, Hose 539, 556 (type), Miri River, January, 1895.
This is one of the few known representatives of the genus with
1-foliolate leaves and is manifestly allied to Melicope helferi Hook. f. of
the Andaman Islands, from which it is distinguished, among other char-
acters, by its differently shaped, more numerously nerved leaflets and
pubescent inflorescences and tips of the young branchlets.
xin, c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 75
MELIACEAE
DYSOXYLUM Blume
DYSOXYLUM KINABALUENSE sp. nov. § Eudysoxylum.
Arbor glabra, circiter 10 m alta; foliis alternis, circiter 40
cm longis, foliolis omnibus alternis, utrinque circiter 4, distanti-
bus, oblongis, chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, usque ad 15 cm longis,
in siccitate minute verruculosis,, tenuiter acuminatis, basi acutis,
plerumque plus minusve inaequilateralibus, nervis utrinque cir-
citer 10; inflorescentiis axillaribus, simplicibus, racemiformibus,
circiter 10 cm longis, paucifloris ; floribus 4-meris, circiter 6 mm
longis, calycis brevibus, subcupulatis, 4-dentatis, petalis extus
puberulis, liberis, tubo libero, extus puberulo, ovario minute
puberulo.
A glabrous tree about 10 m high, the branches slender, the
ultimate branchlets 3 mm in diameter or less. Leaves alternate,
about 40 cm long, the leaflets all alternate, distant, about 4 on
each side of the rachis, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, oblong, 12
to 15 cm long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide, apex slenderly acuminate,
base acute, usually distinctly inequilateral, when dry suboliva-
ceous, or somewhat brownish beneath, slightly shining or dull,
minutely but not densely verruculose; lateral nerves rather
slender, about 10 on each side of the midrib, curved, obscurely
anastomosing, the reticulations nearly obsolete; petiolules 5 to
8 mm long. Inflorescences axillary, solitary, racemiform, about
10 cm long, few-flowered, the rachis castaneous when dry, min-
utely and obscurely puberulent, the very short, few-flowered
branchlets 3 mm long or less. Flowers cream-colored, 4-merous,
about 6 mm long, their pedicels very short. Calyx slightly
cup-shaped, dark-brown when dry, obscurely puberulent, the
teeth 4, short, triangular-ovate, subacute. Petals 4, free, nar-
rowly oblong, 5.5 mm long, slightly puberulent. Staminal-tube
cylindric, 5 mm long, shallowly 8-toothed, slightly puberulent
externally, glabrous within. Anthers 8. Ovary and style min-
utely cinereous-puberulent, 4.5 mm long. Disk glabrous, 2 mm
long, cylindric, obscurely crenate.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Gurulau Spur, Mrs. Clemens
10803, November 27, 1917, in forests.
The alliance of this species is manifestly with the Philippine Dysoxylum
palawanense Merr. and D. panayense Merr. from both of which it differs
in numerous details. It is distinctly closer to the latter than to the former.
Probably referable here is Clemens 10820, same locality and date, in
fruit. The fruits are bright-orange when fresh, when dry castaneous,
glabrous, shining, obovoid, about 4.5 cm long.
76 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
WALSURA Roxburgh
WALSURA GLABRA sp. nov.
Arbor glabra, foliis plerumque 3-foliolatis interdum basi folio-
lis binis depauperatis additis 5-foliolatis, foliolis majoribus
oblongo-ellipticis, utrinque acuminatis, chartaceis, nitidis, usque
ad 15 cm longis; paniculis usque ad 5 cm longis, paucifloris,
floribus 5-meris, sepalis obovatis, imbricatis, liberis, staminibus
10, intus infra antheris barbatis, basi leviter connatis, apice
bilacinatis; ovario hirsuto.
A glabrous tree, the branches grayish, terete, somewhat wrin-
kled. Leaves mostly 3-foliolate, sometimes by the addition of
a pair of depauperate basal leaflets 5-foliolate, up to 20 cm
long, the larger leaflets in general oblong-elliptic, acuminate
and subequally narrowed at both ends, chartaceous, rather pale
when dry, shining on both surfaces; lateral nerves about 9 on
each side of the midrib, curved, anastomosing, distinct; petiolules
1.5 to 2.5 cm long. Panicles up to 5 cm in length, few-flowered.
Flowers pale-yellow, 5-merous. Sepals obovate, rounded, free,
imbricate, 1.5 to 2 mm long, so strongly narrowed below as to
be almost clawed, glabrous. Petals oblong-elliptic, 4 mm long,
glabrous. Stamens 10, united for the lower 0.5 mm, flattened,
bearded on the inside below the insertion of the anther, cleft
at the apex into two narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 1 mm long
lobes. Ovary densely hirsute ; style very short ; stigma capitate.
Sarawak, Siol, Native collector 2U38 Bur. Sci., February-June, 1914.
By definition this characteristic species might almost as well be placed
in the American-African genus Trichilia as in the Indo-Malayan genus
Walsura, but in the absence of fruits I have placed it in the latter genus.
It is well characterized by its usually 3-foliolate but sometimes 5-foliolate
leaves, the basal pair of leaflets, when present, being very greatly reduced
in size, and in its free, broadly obovate, imbricate, almost clawed sepals.
AGLAIA Loureiro
AGLAIA CLEM ENTIS sp. nov. § Hearnia.
Arbor, inflorescentiis perspicue stellato-pubescentibus, indum-
ento castaneo; foliis circiter 30 cm longis, alternis, foliolis 9,
oblongis ad anguste oblongo-obovatis, subcoriaceis, usque ad 13
cm longis, breviter acuminatis, basi rotundatis ad obtusis, supra
pallidis, glabris, subtus brunneis, ad costa nervisque perspicue
stellato-lepidotis, nervis utrinque circiter 25, perspicuis, subtus
prominulis ; paniculis axillaribus foliis subaequantibus vel paullo
brevioribus, multifloris, ramis inferioribus usque ad 12 cm longis ;
floribus racemose dispositis, 5-meris, breviter pedicellatis, calycis
extus dense castaneo-stellato-pubescentibus, breviter 5-lobatis,
xiii, c, 2 Merrill: Neiv Species of Bornean Plants 77
lobis obtusis; petalis liber is, circiter 1.5 mm longis, tube turbi-
nate, libero.
A large tree according to Mrs. Clemens, the branchlets and
petioles densely and minutely castaneous-lepidote or subfurfura-
ceous, the ultimate branchlets 4 mm in diameter or less. Leaves
alternate, about 30 cm long; leaflets 9, opposite, firmly charta-
ceous to subcoriaceous, oblong to narrowly oblong-obovate, 8
to 13 cm long, 3.5 to 4.5 cm wide, the upper surface pale when
dry, glabrous, the lower brownish with the costa and nerves
conspicuously stellate-lepidote, the indumentum castaneous, with
scattered hairs on the epidermis, apex shortly acuminate, base
rounded to obtuse; lateral nerves about 25 on each side of the
midrib, prominent on the lower surface, the reticulations ob-
scure ; petiolules densely and minutely castaneous-lepidote, 5 mm
long or less. Panicles axillary, usually about as long as the
leaves, peduncled, pyramidal, the lower branches up to 12 cm
in length, all parts rather densely stellate-pubescent with short,
castaneous hairs. Flowers numerous, brownish-yellow, race-
mosely arranged on the ultimate branches, somewhat crowded,
their pedicels 1 to 2 mm long. Calyx 2 mm in diameter (spread) ,
stellate-pubescent, shortly 5-lobed, the lobes broadly ovate, ob-
tuse, extending less than one-half to the base. Petals 5, free,
glabrous, subelliptic, about 1.5 mm long. Staminal-tube turbi-
nate, free, 0.8 mm high, the margins obscurely crenulate.
Anthers 5, inserted on the margin of the tube. Rudimentary
ovary minutely pubescent.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Minitindok Gorge, Mrs.
Clemens 10^8^, November 19, 1915, near the river.
This species is apparently not closely allied to any of the Malayan
species of this section previously described, although somewhat resembling
some forms of the Philippine Aglaia harmsiana Perk. Its true alliance
is apparently with Aglaia elliptica Blume.
AGLAIA HETEROPHYLLA sp. nov. § Hearnia.
Species ut videtur H. sarawakanae affinis. Ramulis et inflo-
rescentiis minutissime et dense cupreo-lepidotis ; foliis alternis,
12 ad 18 cm longis, foliolis 2 ad 5, chartaceis, oblongo-ovatis
ad oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 12 cm longis, apice subcaudato-
acuminatis, basi acutis, supra glabris, in siccitate griseis, nitidis,
costa supra impressa, subtus parcissime lepidotis, nervis latera-
libus utrinque 10 ad 12, tenuibus; inflorescentiis paniculatis,
axillaribus, 8 ad 12 cm longis, pedunculatis, ramis paucis, patulis,
paucifloris; floribus racemose dispositis, laxis, 5-meris, calycis
stellato-tomentosis, lobis ovatis, subacutis; petalis liberis, subel-
lipticis, 1.2 mm longis.
78 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
A tree, the branches rugose, glabrous, the branchlets densely
cupreous-lepidote with minute appressed scales, the ultimate
branches about 2 mm in diameter. Leaves alternate, 12 to 18
cm long, the rachis and petioles very minutely subcupreous-
lepidote; leaflets 2 to 5, oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, firmly
chartaceous, 8 to 12 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide, the upper surface
grayish, somewhat shining, glabrous, the lower somewhat brown-
ish, very sparingly lepidote near the midrib and nerves, the
base acute, the apex slenderly subcaudate-acuminate ; lateral
nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing, slender,
the midrib impressed on the upper surface, prominent beneath;
petiolules 5 mm long or less. Panicles axillary, 8 to 12 cm long,
peduncled, lax, few-flowered, the branches spreading, the lower
ones up to 6 cm in length. Flowers 5-merous, laxly and race-
mosely arranged on the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels 1 to
1.5 mm long. Calyx 5-lobed, stellate-pubescent, the lobes ovate,
subacute, extending two-thirds to the base. Petals 5, free,
subelliptic, about 1.2 mm long. Staminal tube turbinate, gla-
brous, 1 mm long, margins crenulate. Anthers 5, inserted on
the margin of the tube.
Sarawak, Baram District, Mount Treken, Hose 555, July, 1895, altitude
about 330 meters.
This species is apparently as closely allied to Aglaia sarawakana
(A. DC.) as to any other described form, but has more numerous, differently
shaped, smaller leaflets, while the sepals are distinctly united for the lower
one-third. In facies the species resembles the Philippine Aglaia luzoniensis
(Vid.) Merr. & Rolfe, but is not closely allied to this form, which normally
has 1-foliolate leaves.
AGLAIA MOULTONII sp. nov. § Hearnia.
Arbor, ramis et foliis glabris, paniculis magnis, minute
ferrugineo-stellato-tomentosis ; foliis alternis 25 ad 30 cm longis,
foliolis circiter 12, oppositis et alternis, lanceolatis, coriaceis
usque ad 15 cm longis, in siccitate atro-brunneis vel olivaceo-
brunneis, nitidis, apice tenuiter acuminatis, basi obtusis, plerum-
que distincte inaequilateralibus, nervis utrinque 12 ad 14, subtus
distinctis, prominulis, curvatis, vix anastomosantibus ; paniculis
amplis, quam foliis multo longioribus, axillaribus, usque ad 40
cm longis, pedunculatis, pyramidatis, multifloris ; floribus in
ramulis ultimis racemose dispositis, confertis, breviter pedicella-
tis, 5-meris; calycis dense stellato-pubescentibus, breviter 5-
lobatis, lobis acutis; petalis liberis; tubo turbinato, vix 0.5
mm longo.
A tree, the branches and leaves entirely glabrous, the inflores-
cences minutely, and on the younger parts rather densely,
xiii, c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 79
ferruginous-pubescent with short, stellately arranged hairs.
Branches smooth, terete, olivaceous-brownish, the ultimate ones
3 mm in diameter. Leaves rather distant, alternate, 25 to 30
cm long; leaflets about 12, alternate and opposite, lanceolate,
coriaceous, dark-brown or olivaceous-brot^n and shining when
dry, 11 to 15 cm long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide, apex slenderly acuminate,
base obtuse and usually distinctly inequilateral, one side of the
lamina extending below the other on the petiolule ; lateral nerves
12 to 14 on each side of the midrib, obscure on the upper surface,
prominent beneath, curved, scarcely anastomosing, the reticula-
tions distinct or indistinct; petiolules 5 to 9 mm long. Panicles
axillary, exceeding the leaves, up to 40 cm in length, shortly
peduncled, pyramidal, very many flowered, the lower branches
up to 15 cm in length, the older parts nearly glabrous, the younger
parts rather densely but minutely stellate-pubescent with fer-
ruginous hairs. Flowers racemose, small, densely arranged on
the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels short. Calyx densely
stellate-pubescent, 5-lobed, the lobes less than one-half the length
of the calyx, acute. Petals 5, free, suborbicular to elliptic-ovate,
1 mm long or less. Staminal tube free, turbinate, 0.5 mm long,
crenulate. Anthers 5, attached on the margin of the tube.
Sarawak, Amproh River, Native collector 2138 Bur. Sci., February-
June, 1914.
This species, dedicated to Captain J. C. Moulton, formerly director of
the Sarawak Museum, is well characterized in the section Hearnia by its
glabrous branches and leaves and its very large densely and many
flowered panicles. It does not appear to be very closely allied to any pre-
viously described species.
AGLAIA MATTHEWS! I sp. nov. § Euaglaia.
Arbor circiter 5 m alta, ramulis junioribus et inflorescentiis
minute ferrugineo-stellato-pubescentibus, ramis teretibus, gla-
bris ; foliis omnibus 1-foliolatis, foliolis chartaceis, oblongis, usque
ad 15 cm longis, nitidis, apice prominente sed obtuse acuminatis,
basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 15; paniculis axillaribus,
foliis subaequantibus, pauciramosis, ramis patulis, inferioribus
usque ad 7 cm longis ; floribus subsessilibus vel brevissime
pedicellatis, in ramulis ultimis spicatim vel racemose dispositis,
interdum subglomeratis, 5-meris; petalis liberis, oblongis ad
oblongo-obovatis, circiter 1.8 mm longis.
A tree about 5 m high, the very young branchlets and inflores-
cences minutely ferruginous-pubescent with short, stellate hairs,
otherwise glabrous or nearly so. Branches terete, glabrous,
grayish. Leaves all 1-foliolate, the leaflets in general oblong,
10 to 15 cm long, 3 to 5.5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the
80 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
acute base and to the rather prominently but obtusely acuminate
apex, the acumen 1.5 cm long or less, pale-olivaceous and shining
when dry, glabrous, or the lower surface in young leaves with
very few, widely scattered, stellate hairs; midrib projecting on
both surfaces ; lateraf nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib,
prominent, curved, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations
close, slender; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long, jointed at or above
the middle, glabrous. Panicles axillary, about as long as the
leaves, lax, pyramidal, branched from near the base, the primary
branches few, spreading, the lower ones up to 7 cm in length,
densely ferruginous-stellate-pubescent with short hairs, the sec-
ondary branches when present usually less than 1 cm long, the
flowers subsessile or very shortly pedicelled, pale-yellow, 5-
merous, subspicately or subracemosely arranged, sometimes sub-
glomerate. Calyx-lobes elliptic, rounded, densely and minutely
stellate-pubescent, 0.8 mm long. Petals free, glabrous, oblong
to oblong-obovate, 1.8 mm long. Staminal-tube obovoid, about
1.2 mm in diameter, contracted to the 0.5 mm orifice, not at
all toothed. Stamens 5, included. Ovary minutely pubescent.
British North Borneo, Marutai watershed near Tawau, Villamil
868, May 28, 1917, on forested slopes at low altitudes.
This species, dedicated to Mr. D. M. Matthews, conservator of forests,
British North Borneo, falls in the group of the very few species having
unifoliolate leaves, such as A. luzoniensis (Vid.) Merr. & Rolfe ( Aglaia
monophylla Perk.) of the Philippines and Celebes, from which Aglaia
unifoliolata Koord. cannot be distinguished, A. simplicifolia Harms of
New Guinea (an invalid name), and Aglaia simplicifolia (Bedd.) Harms
( Beddomea simplicifolia Bedd.) of India, from all of which it is distin-
guished by numerous characters. From the Bornean Aglaia submonophylla
Miq. it is distinguished by its constantly 1-foliolate leaves, its much longer
inflorescences, and by its indumentum not being all lepidote.
EUPHORBIACEAE
CL El ST A NTH US Hooker f.
CL El STAN TH US OLIGOPHLEBIUS sp. nov. § Stipulati.
Species C. paxii Jabl. affinis, differt omnibus partibus (floribus
et frutibus exceptis) glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3 vel 4,
valde obliquis. Frutex vel arbor, ramis ramulisque tenuibus,
glabris; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-ovatis, chartaceis vel sub-
coriaceis, usque ad 9 cm longis, basi acutis ad subrotundatis,
apice acuminatis, nervis utrinque 3 vel 4, subtus valde perspicuis,
curvato-adscendentibus ; fructibus sessilibus, 3-lobatis circiter 12
mm diametro, parcissime adpresse hirsutis glabrescentibus.
A shrub or small tree, glabrous except the flower and fruits.
Branches and branchlets slender, terete or subterete, the former
xm. c, 2 Merrill: Neio Species of Bornean Plants 81
reddish-brown, the latter pale-brownish. Leaves oblong to
oblong-ovate, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, rather pale and shin-
ing when dry, 7 to 9 cm long, 3 to 3.5 cm wide, base acute to
somewhat rounded, apex rather prominently acuminate, the acu-
men up to 1 cm in length, obtuse; lateral nerves 3 or 4 on each
side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, curved-
ascending, all or most of them leaving the midrib below its
middle, the uppermost pair extending to the apex, the reticula-
tions not prominent; petioles rugose, about 5 mm long; stipules
coriaceous, persistent, about 2.5 mm long. Flowers fascicled,
axillary, apparently sessile. Fruits sessile, 3-lobed, about 12
mm in diameter, pale-brownish and shining when dry, appar-
ently glabrous or nearly so at full maturity, but the apical por-
tion of those examined appressed-hirsute ; styles appressed-
hirsute; persistent calyx lobes lanceolate, about 2.5 mm long,
appressed-pubescent externally.
British North Borneo, Marutai watershed near Tawau, Villamil 339,
June 4, 1917.
This species is strongly characterized by its few-nerved leaves, the
nerves strongly curved-ascending, mostly leaving the midrib in its lower
one-half, the upper pair reaching the apex of the leaf. It is most closely
allied to Cleistanthus paxii Jabl. among the described species of the genus.
MALLOTUS Loureiro
MALLOTUS WOODI1 sp. nov. § Axenfeldia.
Frutex 3 ad 4 m altus, foliis subtus ad costa parcissime ciliatis,
inflorescentiis 2 hirsutis, ceteroquin glabris ; foliis alternis,
oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo-ellipticis, eglandulosis, usque ad 25
cm longis, subcoriaceis, integris, basi rotundatis, apice tenuiter
caudato-acuminatis, penninerviis, nervis utrinque 9 ad 11, subtus
prominentibus ; inflorescentiis 2 oppositifoliis, stricte racemosis,
paucifloris, circiter 7 cm longis; sepalis lanceolatis, hirsutis, 5
mm longis ; ovario dense hirsuto atque pilis capitatis longe stipi-
tatis dense obtecto.
A shrub 3 to 4 m high, glabrous except the sparingly ciliate
costa on the lower surface of the leaves and the hirsute inflores-
cences. Branches terete, pale-olivaceous, smooth, about 3 mm in
diameter. Leaves all alternate, oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic,
entire, subcoriaceous, 20 to 25 cm long, 8 to 11 cm wide, base
rounded, apex slenderly caudate-acuminate, the acumen about
2 cm long, the upper surface grayish, shining, smooth, eglan-
dular, the lower surface also eglandular, in very young leaves
slightly furfuraceous-pilose ; lateral nerves 9 to 11 on each side
of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, pinnately ar-
82 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
ranged, curved, anastomosing, the primary reticulations very
lax, distinct, subparallel ; petioles 5 to 6 cm long ; stipules lanceo-
late, acuminate, puberulent, about 7 mm long. Pistillate racemes
simple, leaf-opposed, about 7 cm long, few-flowered, rather
densely hirsute with stiff, pale-yellowish, more or less deciduous
hairs, the pedicels about 1 cm long, the subtending bracteoles
ovate, obtuse, 2 mm long or less. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate,
hirsute, 5 mm long. Ovary ovoid, densely hirsute and also
densely covered with long-stipitate glandular-capitate, hair-like
papillae 2 to 2.5 mm in length; styles stout, 8 mm long, densely
papillate.
British North Borneo, Marutai, near Tawau, D. D. Wood 451, June
6, 1917, back of the mangrove swamp.
A strongly characterized species apparently as closely allied to Mallotus
calvus Pax & K. Hoffm. as to any other species, but with fewer-nerved
leaves, few-flowered racemes, much larger pistillate flowers, and hirsute
and also densely long-stipitate, glandular-capitate ovaries. The leaf-
opposed simple racemes are characteristic.
MALLOTUS AFFINIS sp. nov. § Axenfeldia.
Arbor circiter 12 m alta, subtus foliis ad costa nervisque parce
ciliato-villosis, inflorescentiis plus minusve tomentosis; foliis
omnibus alternis, oblongo-ellipticis ad oblongo-obovatis, subco-
riaceis, usque ad 13 cm longis, abrupte acuminatis et minute
apiculatis, integerrimis, basi minute biauricukitis et perspicue
biglandulosis, subtus dense glandulosis, glandulis immersis; ner-
vis utrinque circiter 10, subtus prominentibus, reticulis primariis
prominentibus, parallelis; infructescentiis axillaribus, 6 ad 9 cm
longis, simpliciter racemosis; capsulis dicoccis, circiter 1 cm
diametro, densissime pallide stellato-tomentosis et dense echinatis.
A tree about 12 m high, the branches terete, brownish-
olivaceous, glabrous, smooth, the young branchlets slightly pubes-
cent, the indumentum mostly of short simple hairs with a few
stellate ones intermixed. Leaves all alternate, oblong-elliptic to
oblong-obovate, entire, 8 to 13 cm long, 3.5 to 5.5 cm wide,
rather prominently acuminate, the acumen stout, 1 cm long or
less and minutely apiculate, base narrowed, minutely biauriculate
and distinctly 2-glandular, the glands impressed on the upper
surface, the upper surface grayish, shining, smooth, eglandular,
the lower paler, rather densely glandular, the glands immersed ;
lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, very pro-
minent on the lower surface, curved, anastomosing, the reticula-
tions prominent, parallel; petioles 3 to 5 cm long, thickened at
their apices ; stipules acicular, 3 to 5 mm long. Infructescences
axillary, simply racemose, 6 to 9 cm long, sparingly pubescent,
xiii, c. 2 Merrill: Neiv Species of Bornean Plcmts 83
the pedicels thickened, densely cinereous-tomentose, 3 to 5 mm
long, the bracteoles acicular from a broadened base, about 3
mm long, two or three subtending each pedicel. Fruits about
1 cm in diameter, each composed of two cocci, pale-brownish
when dry, globose, densely and minutely tomentose, and densely
covered with stiff, slender, glabrous spine-like processes 3 to 5
mm in length.
British North Borneo, Marutai watershed at Tawau, Villamil S70,
May 28, 1917, on damp slopes at low altitudes.
This species is very closely allied to the Philippine Mallotus auriculatus
Merr., from which it is distinguished by its thicker, entire, rather more
numerously nerved leaves, which are rather densely glandular beneath; in
having but a single pair of basal glands; and in its densely tomentose
cocci, which are much more densely spiny, the spines distinctly longer
than in the Philippine form.
MALLOTUS CAUDATUS sp. nov § Axenfeldia.
Frutex circiter 3 m altus, ramulis junioribus et inflorescentiis
parce et decidue tomentosus, ramis elenticellatis, ramulis an-
gulato-striatis ; foliis oppositis, leviter inaequimagnis, membra-
naceis vel subchartaceis, oblongis ad late oblongo-oblanceolatis,
subolivaceis, nitidis, usque ad 25 cm longis, supra glabris, subtus
parce glandulosis, basi obtusis, leviter cordatis, bimaculato-
glandulosis, apice tenuiter caudato-acuminatis, nervis utrinque
6 ad 9, subtus valde prominentibus, reticulis laxis ; infructescen-
tiis usque ad 13 cm longis, simpliciter racemosis; fructibus
junioribus subglobosis, breviter pedicellatis, circiter 1 cm diame-
tro, granuloso-glandulosis, densissime puberulis, molliter echi-
natis.
A shrub about 3 m high, nearly glabrous (fruits excepted),
the younger branchlets and the inflorescences sparingly and
deciduously tomentose. Branches terete, pale-brownish, gla-
brous, not at all lenticellate, the branchlets angular-striate, pale
reddish-brown. Leaves opposite, those of each pair slightly un-
equal in size, membranaceous to subchartaceous, pale-olivaceous,
shining, oblong to broadly oblong-oblanceolate, entire, 15 to 25
cm long, 5 to 7 cm wide, the upper surface smooth, glabrous,
not at all glandular, the lower with widely scattered, distinct,
orange-yellow to brown, granulose glands, the apex slenderly
caudate-acuminate, the acumen up to 3 cm in length, the base ob-
tuse, distinctly but minutely cordate, and with two distinct glands
on the upper surface; lateral nerves 6 to 9 on each side of the
midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, curved-ascending,
anastomosing, the primary reticulations lax, subparallel, prom-
inent; petioles 2 to 6 cm long, glabrous. Infructescences sim-
154870 2
84 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
ply racemose, leaf-opposed and in the uppermost axils, up to
13 cm long. Capsules (somewhat immature) subglobose, about
1 cm in diameter, composed of three cocci, outside granulose-
glandular, the orange-yellow glands more or less obscured by
the very dense, cinereous, stellate-puberulent indumentum,
densely and softly echinate, the processes about 3 mm long.
British North Borneo Marauti watershed, near Tawau, Villamil S76,
June 1, 1917, in forests at low altitudes. Locally known as limpasoh-suluk.
The alliance of this species is manifestly with the Javan Mallotus
glaberrimus Muell.-Arg., which has also been reported from Borneo. It
differs in its elenticellate branches, caudate-acuminate, entire leaves, which
have no marginal glands in the upper part, and fewer lateral nerves.
STERCULIACEAE
TARRIETIA Blume
TARRIETIA BORNEENSIS sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 30 m alta, partibus junioribus exceptis glabra;
foliis unifoliolatis, ellipticis ad oblongo-ellipticis, coriaceis, bre-
viter obtuse acuminatis, basi acutis ad subrotundatis, usque ad
14 cm longis, glabris, nitidis, supra dense et minute foveolatis,
nervis utrinque circiter 12, distinctis; fructibus glabris, circiter
1.5 cm longis, alae inaequilateraliter oblongo-obovatae, subfal-
catae, apice rotundatae, usque ad 7 cm longae et 3 cm latae.
A tree about 30 m high, the trunk about 60 cm in diameter,
glabrous except the very young parts. Branches brownish,
terete, glabrous, the growing branchlets minutely and densely
subferruginous-puberulent-lepidote as are the very young peti-
oles. Leaves simple, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, brown, of about
the same color on both surfaces, shining when dry, coriaceous,
9 to 14 cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide, glabrous, the upper surface
minutely and densely foveolate, apex shortly and bluntly acumi-
nate, base rounded to acute ; lateral nerves about 12 on each side
of the midrib, spreading, slightly curved, prominent; petioles
2 to 3 cm long. Peduncles in fruit up to 6 cm long, axillary,
solitary, each bearing about three umbellately disposed fruits.
Fruits oblong-ovoid, about 1.5 cm long, glabrous, the wings coria-
ceous, brown, shining, reticulate, glabrous, inequilaterally oblong-
obovate, subfalcate, rounded at the apex, up to 7 cm long and
3 cm wide.
British North Borneo, near Sandakan, Villamil 3, August 14, 1915,
on forested slopes, altitude 40 to 70 meters.
This characteristic species is manifestly allied to Tarrietia simplici folia
Mast, of the Malay Peninsula, the few known species of the genus with
simple leaves being Tarrietia kunstleri King and T. simplicifolia Mast, of
mi, c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 85
the Malay Peninsula, and T. sylvatica (Vid.) Merr. of the Philippines. It
is readily distinguished from T. simplicifolia Mast, by its much fewer-
nerved leaves, from T. kunstleri King by its glabrous fruits, and from T.
sylvatica Merr. by its leaves not being densely lepidote beneath.
DILLENIACEAE
SAURAUI A Willdenow
SAURAUI A ACUMINATA sp. nov.
Frutex circiter 2 m altus, ramis et petiolis et foliis supra
ad costa et margine et subtus perspicue tenuiter curvato-patule
setosis; foliis chartaceis, oblongis, tenuiter acute acuminatis,
basi obtusis ad leviter cordatis, usque ad 28 cm longis, nervis
utrinque circiter 20, subtus valde perspicuis; inflorescentiis cau-
linis, cymosis, fasciculatis, circiter 5 cm longis; floribus nume-
rosis, bracteis linearibus, 5 ad 9 mm longis, setosis; sepalis
leviter inaequalibus, 6 ad 7 mm longis, extus setosis, oblongo-
ovatis ad oblongo-ellipticis, exterioribus acutis, interioribus
obtusis; fructibus ovoideis, glabris; stylis 3, infra connatis.
A shrub about 2 m high, the branches, branchlets, petioles,
inflorescences, midrib on the upper surface, margins, and lower
surface of the leaves conspicuously setose with slender, curved,
spreading setae up to 5 mm in length, most of these parts also
pubescent, the setae brownish to purplish-brown when dry,
pink to deep-brown when fresh. Leaves chartaceous, oblong,
narrowed to both ends, 20 to 28 cm long, 7 to 9 cm wide, apex
slenderly and sharply acuminate, base narrowed, obtuse to ob-
scurely cordate, the upper surface grayish, somewhat shining,
smooth and glabrous except the setose midrib, the margins setose,
the lower surface conspicuously setose on the midrib, nerves,
and reticulations, and also somewhat pubescent; lateral nerves
about 20 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower
surface, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations subparallel, dis-
tinct; petioles 1.5 to 2 cm long. Cymes cauline, fascicled on
densely setose tubercles, about 5 cm long, densely setose and
pubescent, rather many-flowered, the bracts linear, setose, 5 to
9 mm long, the pedicels 4 to 7 cm long. Sepals oblong-ovate
to oblong-elliptic, 6 to 7 mm long, the outer two acute, densely
setose on the back, the inner ones slightly longer, obtuse, setose
on the exposed portions, but glabrous on the parts covered by
the imbricate outer sepals. Young fruit ovoid, glabrous; styles
3, the arms about 2 mm long, united for the lower 1.5 mm.
British North Borneo, Pinayas River, Villamil 220, October 2, 1916,
in forests along the river, altitude about 15 meters.
86 The Philippine Journal of Science i9is
This species, like Saurauia myrmecoidea Merr., is apparently allied to
Saurauia horrida Hook, f., from which it is easily distinguished by its midrib
being setose on the upper surface and by its cauline fascicled cymes
(attachment of the inflorescences not indicated in Hooker’s diagnosis, but
presumably axillary) . The more numerous lateral nerves, glabrous upper
surface of the leaves, other than the midrib, and the cauline cymes distin-
guish it from S. myrmecoidea Merr.
SAURAUIA BORNEENSIS sp. nov.
Frutex circiter 2.5 m altus, ramulis junioribus petiolisque
densissime cinnamomeo-lanato-tomentosis atque setis paucis
curvato-adpressis instructis; foliis late oblongo-oblanceolatis,
usque ad 40 cm longis, chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, supra brunneis,
laevis, glabris, subtus pallidioribus et plus minusve decidue cin-
namomeo-lanatis, apice acutis, deorsom gradatim angustatis, basi
obtusis, margine cornuto-serratis, nervis utrinque circiter 20,
perspicuis; floribus axillaribus, paucis, fasciculatis, pedicellatis,
sepalis leviter inaequalibus, extus leviter pubescentibus ; ovario
pubescens ; stylis 3, liberis.
A shrub about 2.5 m high, the branchlets and petioles densely
covered with a cinnamomeous lanate-tomentose indumentum and
with few, scattered, curved-appressed setae, the lower surface
of the leaves also cinnamomeous-lanate, the indumentum conspic-
uous along the midrib and nerves, somewhat deciduous. Leaves
broadly oblong-oblanceolate, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, 30
to 40 cm long, 8 to 12 cm wide, the upper surface smooth, glab-
rous, brown, shining, the lower paler, the apex acuminate, grad-
ually narrowed from above the middle to the narrow, obtuse
base, the margins serrate; primary lateral nerves about 20 on
each side of the midrib, prominent, spreading, curved, anasto-
mosing, the reticulations slender, not prominent, rather lax;
petioles 4 to 5 cm long. Flowers white, axillary, fascicled, few,
their pedicels pubescent, 1 cm long or less. Sepals pubescent,
unequal, mostly rounded or obtuse, two elliptic, 3.5 mm long,
three broadly ovate, about 4 mm long. Corolla-lobes oblong-
elliptic, somewhat retuse, 4.5 mm long. Ovary globose, some-
what pubescent; styles 3, free, about 3 mm long.
British North Borneo, Kalabakan, Villamil 222, September 26, 1916,
in forests, altitude about 4 meters.
This characteristic species is readily distinguished by its cinnamomeous-
lanate indumentum, which on the branchlets and petioles is intermixed with
curved-appressed, slender setae; its elongated, broadly oblong-oblanceolate
leaves, which are gradually narrowed below the middle to the narrow but
obtuse base; and its axillary fascicled flowers. I know of no species that
is closely allied to it.
xiii. c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 87
SAURAUI A HETEROSEPALA sp. nov.
Frutex, ramulis junioribus plus minusve adpresse squamulosis;
foliis oblongis ad oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 24 cm longis, acumi-
natis, basi acutis, junioribus subtus ad costa nervisque parcissime
adpresse squamulosis, vetustioribus glabris, laevis, nitidis, oliva-
ceis, margine minute incurvato-serrulatis, nervis utrinque 10 ad
13, perspicuis ; floribus e axillis defoliatis et caulinis, superioribus
solitariis, tenuiter pedunculatis, ebracteolatis, inferioribus depau-
perato-cymosis, bracteolatis ; sepalis glabris, binis exterioribus
latissime orbiculato-ovatis, rotundatis, circiter 8 mm longis et
latis, interioribus contorto-imbricatis, distincte longioribus ;
ovario glabro, stylis 3, infra connatis.
A shrub, ultimately glabrous or nearly so, the young branchlets
with few, scattered, irregular, ovate to suborbicular, appressed,
pale-brownish scales, with similar ones on the midrib and nerves
of the younger leaves and on the peduncles, the older leaves gla-
brous. Leaves oblong to oblong-obovate, 10 to 24 cm long, 4 to 9
cm wide, base acute, apex acuminate, margins minutely incurved-
serrate, olivaceous and shining on both surfaces when dry,
chartaceous; lateral nerves 10 to 13 on each side of the midrib,
prominent, the reticulations slender, close, subparallel; petioles
1 to 2 cm long, sparingly scaly. Flowers in the axils of fallen
leaves and from the branches and trunks, the upper ones solitary,
ebracteolate, the lower ones in depauperate, few-flowered cymes,
the pedicels up to 2.5 cm long. Sepals distinctly unequal, all
glabrous, rounded, the outer two broadly orbicular-ovate, about
8 mm long and wide, the inner three twisted-imbricate, about
10 mm long and 9 mm wide. Ovary glabrous; styles united
for the lower 3 mm, the arms 3, about 4 mm in length. Bracts
on the lower inflorescences oblong-lanceolate to oblanceolate,
acute to acuminate, glabrous, 5 to 8 mm long.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Khota Balud to Kibayo, Mrs.
Clemens 9812, October 28, 1915, the fruit green.
The alliance of this species is apparently with the Javan Saurauia
leprosa Korth., from which it is readily distinguished by its inflorescences
and floral characters.
SAURAUIA HOSEI sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor parva ; foliis oblongis, usque ad 43 cm longis,
chartaceis, olivaceo-brunneis, acuminatis, basi rotundatis, mar-
gine spinulosis, nervis utrinque circiter 14, subtus prominentibus,
curvatis, anastomosantibus, supra glabris, subtus ad costa et
nervis et reticulis parce setosis atque pubescentibus, setis tenui-
88 The Philippine Journal of Science 191s
bus, patulis vel subpatulis. Inflorescentiis caulinis, fasciculatis,
depauperato-cymosis, 2 ad 3 cm longis, pedunculatis, dense hir-
sutis atque setis numerosis tenuibus patulis instructis; sepalis
oblongis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, subacutis, extus setosis, circiter
5 mm longis, interioribus angustioribus ; ovario glabro; stylis
3, infra connatis.
A shrub or small tree, the cauline inflorescences, petioles,
and midrib, nerves, and reticulations on the lower surface of the
leaves subferruginous-hirsute or pubescent and with numerous,
slender, usually spreading, setae. Leaves chartaceous, brownish-
olivaceous or olivaceous, somewhat shining, the lower surface
very slightly paler than the upper, oblong, up to 43 cm long
and 15 cm wide, rather slenderly acuminate, base narrowed,
rounded, margins spinulose, the slender curved setae terminating
the short teeth, the upper surface smooth and glabrous; lateral
nerves about 14 on each side of the midrib, prominent beneath,
curved, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct-; petioles 3 to
3.5 cm long, their slender setae up to 5 mm in length. Cymes
fascicled on the trunk, from densely setose tubercles, the indi-
vidual cymes 2 to 3 cm long, few-flowered, all parts densely
subferruginous-setose and hirsute, the pedicels 1 to 1.4 cm long,
the bracts few, narrowly lanceolate, densely setose, about 2 mm
long. Sepals about 5 mm long, oblong to oblong-lanceolate,
acute or subacute, the outer three about 2 mm wide, setose, the
inner ones narrower, the innermost glabrous or nearly so. Ovary
glabrous. Styles united for the lower 1.5 mm, the arms 3, about
2 mm long.
Sarawak, Baram District, Mount Trekan, Hose 552, July, 1895, altitude
about 800 meters.
This species is not closely allied to any previously described Bornean
form, and is well characterized by its large leaves, which are glabrous
above and setose and pubescent on the midrib, nerves, and reticulations
beneath; and by its cauline, fascicled, ferruginous-hirsute and setose cymes.
SAURAUIA KINARALUENSIS sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 10 m alta, partibus junioribus dense setoso-
pubescentibus ; foliis oblongo-obovatis, membranaceis, usque ad
26 cm longis, breviter acuminatis, basi acutis vel obtusis et
distincte inaequilateralibus, utrinque setis sparsis debilis brevibus
instructis, margine curvato-serratis, nervis utrinque circiter 12,
distinctis; cymis caulinis, fasciculatis, paucifloris, circiter 8 cm
longis, breviter setosis, bracteis paucis, lanceolatis ad oblongo-
lanceolatis, 4 ad 6 mm longis; floribus circiter 2.5 cm diametro,
sepalis inaequalibus, exterioribus crassis, extus leviter brevissime
setosis, circiter 10 mm longis, interioribus petaloideis, obovatis,
xiii, c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plcmts 89
rotundatis, glabris, 11 ad 12 mm longis. Ovario glabro; stylis
5, infra connatis.
A tree about 10 m high, the young branchlets and very young
leaves (when 5 cm long or less) very densely pubescent-setose,
the indumentum brownish, none of the setae more than 1 mm
long, slender, weak, more or less spreading, sometimes appressed.
Leaves membranaceous, olivaceous, shining, oblong-obovate,
about 25 cm long, 9 to 11 cm wide, shortly acuminate, base
acute or obtuse and distinctly inequilateral, margins incurved-
serrate, both surfaces with widely scattered, short, curved, weak,
pale, slender setae 1 mm long or less; lateral nerves about 12
on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved, anastomosing.
Cymes few-flowered, about 8 cm long, fascicled on tubercles
which are scattered along the trunks, the rachis and branches
more or less setose or furfuraceous-setose, each cyme bearing 2
or 3 flowers, the pedicels slender, the bracts few, lanceolate to
oblong-lanceolate, usually acuminate, toothed, shortly setose.
Flowers pink, fragrant, about 2.5 cm in diameter. Sepals un-
equal, the outer three thicker than the inner ones, orbicular-ovate,
about 10 mm long, sparingly short-setose outside, the two inner
ones thinner, petaloid, glabrous, obovate, rounded, 11 to 12 mm
long. Corolla-lobes deeply and somewhat inequilaterally retuse,
about 10 cm long. Ovary glabrous. Styles united for the lower
2 mm, the arms 5, about 5 mm long.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Minitindok Gorge, Mrs. Clemens
10^58, November 19, 1915, in forests near the river.
This species is especially characterized by its short weak setae; its
fascicled, cauline, depauperate-cymose, 8 cm long, few-flowered inflorescences;
and its rather large flowers.
SAURAUI A LON Gl PET 10 LATA sp. nov.
Frutex, partibus junioribus parce adpresse setosis exceptis
glaber. Foliis oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, coriaceis, usque ad
30 cm longis, laevis, supra olivaceo-brunneis, subtus pallide brun-
neis, basi perspicue lateque cordatis, longe petiolatis, margine
serrulato-dentatis, nervis utrinque circiter 15, perspicuis; flori-
bus axillaribus, fasciculatis, tenuiter pedicellatis, calycis parce
pubescentibus, laevis; fructibus leviter pubescentibus ; stylis 3,
liberis.
A shrub, glabrous except the younger parts, which are spar-
ingly appressed-setose. Leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic, 20 to
30 cm long, 9 to 12 cm wide, base broadly and prominently cor-
date, margins mostly dentate, sometimes dentate-serrate, smooth,
somewhat shining, the upper surface brownish-olivaceous, the
lower surface pale-brownish ; lateral nerves about 15 on each side
90 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, spreading, curved,
anastomosing, the reticulations distinct; petioles up to 8 cm
in length. Flowers axillary, fascicled, their pedicels slender, 8
to 14 mm long, sparingly furfuraceous, each usually with a single,
linear-lanceolate, 1 to 2 mm long bracteole. Sepals 5, elliptic,
obtuse to subacute, 4 to 4.5 mm long, smooth, sparingly pubes-
cent. Fruit ovoid-globose, about 4 mm long, somewhat pubes-
cent; styles 3, free to the base, 4 mm long; seeds numerous,
about 1 mm long, brown, closely reticulate.
British North Borneo, Minitindok Gorge, Mount Kinabalu, Mrs. Cle-
mens 10496, November 19, 1915, the fruit dull- white.
This species is readily distinguished among its congeners by its long-
petioled, glabrous, cordate leaves, its fascicled flowers, three free styles,
and somewhat pubescent ovaries and fruits.
SAURAUIA MATTHEWSII sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor, ramulis plus minusve adpresse squamoso-
setosis, squamae lanceolatae; foliis chartaceis, oblongo-lanceo-
latis ad oblongo-oblanceolatis, tenuiter acuminatis, margine
curvato-setosis, deorsum angustatis, basi cuneatis, usque ad
28 cm longis, supra glabris, laevis, nitidis, vel costa parcis-
sime adpresse lanceolato-squamosis, subtus ad costa nervisque
leviter hirsutis atque cum reticulis setis subpatulis leviter ciliatis
instructis; nervis utrinque 11 ad 13, perspicuis; floribus axillari-
bus, solitariis vel binis, pedicellatis ; sepalis inaequalibus, circiter
7 mm longis, exterioribus extus densissime pallide setosis, setis
tenuibus, leviter ciliatis ; ovario glabro ; stylis 3, alte connatis.
A shrub or small tree, the branchlets more or less appressed-
scaly with lanceolate, pale, acuminate, sparingly ciliate, rather
stout scales up to 4 mm in length, and also somewhat pubescent.
Leaves chartaceous, grayish or somewhat brownish when dry,
oblong-lanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, 23 to 28 cm long, 6 to 8
cm wide, the upper surface smooth, glabrous, or the midrib with
few, closely appressed, lanceolate, stiff scales, the lower surface
somewhat hirsute on the midrib and lateral nerves, and with
numerous, spreading, somewhat curved, 1 to 3 mm long setae
on the midrib, nerves, and reticulations, the setae sparingly
ciliate, the apex slenderly and sharply caudate-acuminate, below
gradually narrowed to the cuneate base, margins ciliate-setose
with curved-spreading setae; lateral nerves 11 to 13 on each
side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, curved-
ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct, subparallel;
petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long, appressed setose-scaly and pubescent.
Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs, their pedicels 10 to 12 mm
mi, c. 2 Merrill: Neiv Species of Bornean Plants 91
long, very densely setose with slender, somewhat appressed, pale,
slenderly acuminate, sparingly ciliate setae up to 2.5 mm in
length, the bracts usually two, narrow, 5 mm long or less, densely
setose. Sepals about 7 mm long, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, ob-
tuse, the outer ones very densely setose with setae similar to
those on the pedicels, the inner ones narrower, setose only on
the exposed parts, their margins thin, glabrous. Ovary ovoid,
glabrous; style arms 3, about 3 mm long, wholly united for the
lower 3 mm.
British North Borneo, probably from the Tawau River region, Villamil
386, July 13, 1917.
This species is readily recognized by its diverse indumentum, consisting
of pubescence, appressed lanceolate scales, and spreading, pale, sparingly
ciliate setae; its axillary, solitary or paired flowers; and its very densely
setose pedicels and sepals. It is perhaps most closely allied to the Sumatran
Saurauia setigera Korth. It is named in honor of Mr. D. M. Matthews,
conservator of forests, British North Borneo.
SAURAUIA MYRMECOIDEA sp. nov.
Frutex, ramulis et foliis utrinque et inflorescentiis perspicue
tenuiter curvato-patule setosis, setis usque ad 5 mm longis ; foliis
chartaceis, oblongo-ellipticis ad oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 30
cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis ad obtusis, margine irregula-
riter dentatis et perspicue curvato-setosis, breviter petiolatis,
nervis utrinque 10 ad 15, valde perspicuis; cymis axillaribus, 2
ad 3.5 cm longis, fasciculatis vel subfasciculatis, laxis, bracteis
subfiliformibus, 5 ad 9 mm longis, setosis; sepalis ellipticis ad
oblongo-ellipticis, 5.5 mm longis, obtusis, extus perspicue setosis ;
ovario glabro, stylis 3, infra leviter connatis.
A shrub, all parts conspicuously setose with slender, curved,
spreading, pale-brownish bristles up to 5 mm in length.
Branches setose, the young branchlets densely so. Leaves charta-
ceous, olivaceous or brownish-olivaceous above, much paler be-
neath, oblong-elliptic to oblong-obovate, 20 to 30 cm long, 8 to
11 cm wide, acuminate, base acute to obtuse, the margins ir-
regularly dentate, conspicuously setose-ciliate ; lateral nerves 10
to 15 on each side of the midrib, impressed on the upper surface,
prominent beneath, ascending, curved, anastomosing, the reticu-
lations subparallel, prominent; the upper surface with scattered
setae, the lower with similar but more numerous setae confined
to the midrib, nerves, and reticulations; petioles densely setose,
1 to 1.5 cm long. Cymes axillary, subfascicled, 2 to 3.5 cm long,
prominently setose, rather few-flowered, the bracts subfiliform,
setose, 5 to 9 mm long, the pedicels 8 to 10 mm long. Sepals
92 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
subequal, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, setose, obtuse, 5.5 mm long.
Corolla lobes oblong, about 6 mm long, scarcely retuse. Ovary
glabrous ; styles 3, about 3 mm long, slightly united below.
Sarawak, Selungo, Lio-Matu, and Mount Merinjak, Native collector
2838 (type), 2797, 2579 Bur. Sci., November, 1914, flowers white.
This species is remarkable for its numerous, slender, curved setae, which
occur on both surfaces of the leaves, branches, petioles, inflorescences, and
calyces, as well as by its subfiliform bracts. It is apparently allied to
Saurauia horrida Hook, f., which, among other characters, differs in
having the leaves glabrous on the upper surface. Two of the three speci-
mens present runways or homes of ants constructed of a black brittle
substance and debris, extending along both sides of the midrib on the
lower surface of the leaves, whence the specific name.
SAURAUIA OBLANCEOLATA sp. nov.
Frutex erectus, partibus junior ibus exceptis glaber; foliis
oblanceolatis, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, usque ad 35 cm longis,
basi attenuatis, apice breviter acuminatis, margine calloso-serra-
tis, utrinque glabris, laevis, nervis utrinque circiter 20, perspi-
cuis; floribus axillaribus, fasciculatis, tenuiter pedicellatis ; se-
palis subaequalibus, ovatis ad elliptico-ovatis, 4.5 ad 5 mm longis,
rotundatis, parcissime pubescentibus ; fructibus junioribus glo-
bosis, leviter pubescentibus; stylis 3, liberis.
An erect shrub, the older parts entirely glabrous, the growing
tips of the branchlets sparingly appressed-setose, the very young
leaves (when but 1 to 2 cm long) very densely and uniformly
appressed-setose on both surfaces. Leaves oblanceolate, charta-
ceous to subcoriaceous, 20 to 35 cm long, 4 to 8 cm wide, smooth
and glabrous on both surfaces, the upper surface dark-brown,
the lower pale-brown when dry, shining on both surfaces, grad-
ually narrowed to the attenuate base, the apex somewhat rostrate-
acuminate, the margins callose-serrate ; lateral nerves about 20
on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved-ascending, anas-
tomosing, the reticulations lax, distinct; petioles about 2 cm
long. Flowers axillary, fascicled, their pedicels slender, up to
1.5 cm long, glabrous or slightly pubescent, each with two or
three, small, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, 1 to 1.5 mm long bracts below
the middle. Sepals subequal, ovate to elliptic-ovate, rounded,
4.5 to 5 mm long, slightly pubescent. Young fruits globose,
sparingly pubescent. Styles 3, free, 4 mm long.
British North Borneo, Khota Balud to Kibayo, Mount Kinabalu, Mrs.
Clemens 978U, October 28, 1915, “flowers and fruits white.”
This species is well characterized by its oblanceolate, entirely glabrous,
elongated leaves, and its fascicled flowers. It does not appear to be espe-
cially closely allied to any previously described form.
xm. c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 93
SAURAUIA PLATYPHYLLA sp. nov.
Frutex, ramulis junioribus dense, patule, tenuiter setosis, setae
usque ad 1 cm longae; foliis elliptico-obovatis, coriaceis, usque
ad 40 cm longis et 20 cm latis, supra ad costa, subtus ad costa
nervisque setis paucis longis patulis tenuibus instructis, apice
breviter acuminatis, basi acutis, margine perspicue attenuato-
serratis, nervis utrinque circiter 30, patulis, curvatis, utrinque
valde prominentibus ; floribus caulinis, dense fasciculatis, tenui-
ter pedicellatis, e tuberculis dense setosis ; sepalis subaequalibus,
binis exterioribus breviter acuminatis, interioribus rotundatis,
obovatis, omnibus glabris ; fructibus glabris ; stylis 3, liberis.
A shrub, the young branchlets densely covered with spreading,
slender, curved, attenuate, pale-brownish setae up to 1 cm in
length, with similar scattered setae on the midrib on both sur-
faces, the nerves beneath, and the petioles. Branches thick-
ened. Leaves elliptic-obovate, coriaceous, up to 40 cm long and
20 cm wide, brownish-olivaceous on the upper surface, paler
beneath, the apex shortly acuminate, the base acute, margins
conspicuously serrate, the teeth mostly attenuate info slender
curved setae ; lateral nerves about 30 on each side of the midrib,
spreading, curved, arched-anastomosing near the margin, very
prominent on both surfaces, the reticulations prominent, sub-
parallel; petioles stout, setose, about 3 cm long. Flowers fas-
cicled, cauline, from densely setose tubercles, usually crowded,
their pedicels 2.5 to 3.5 cm long, with short, scattered, curved
setae and usually with two or three oblong-lanceolate, glabrous,
2.5 to 4.5 mm long bracts below the middle. Sepals subequal,
glabrous, about 7 mm long, the exterior two shortly acuminate,
subelliptic, the interior three obovate, rounded. Fruits glabrous,
globose ; styles 3, free, at least 2 mm in length.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Kiau, Mrs. Clemens 9999,
November 2, 1915, “a small Saurauia near streams with green cauline
fruits.”
This species is remarkable for its unusually large leaves, its slender,
spreading, curved, attenuate setae, and its cauline fascicled inflorescences;
by these characters it is readily distinguished from its congeners. It
does not appear to be closely allied to any previously described form.
SAURAUIA WINKLERI sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor parva, partibus junioribus exceptis glabris,
ramulis teretibus, laevis, atro-brunneis, junioribus squamis pau-
cis adpressis lanceolatis instructis ; foliis membranaceis ad char-
taceis, oblongis, usque ad 14 cm longis, glabris, in siccitate supra
castaneis, subtus paliidis, apice tenuiter acute acuminatis, basi
94 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918
acutis, margine incurvato-spinuloso-serratis ; nervis utrinque
circiter 12, distinctis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, cymosis, tenui-
ter pedunculatis, paucifloris, partibus junioribus leviter pubes-
centibus; bracteis folliaceis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, ad 12 mm
longis; sepalis inaequalibus, extus leviter pubescentibus, rotun-
datis, exterioribus ellipticis, circiter 5 mm longis, interioribus
late ovatis, circiter 5.5 mm longis et 5 mm latis; ovario pubes-
cente; stylis 3, liberis.
A shrub or small tree, nearly glabrous, or the younger parts
of the inflorescences sparingly brown-pubescent. Branches and
branchlets castaneous when dry, smooth, terete, the latter with
few, widely scattered, closely appressed, lanceolate scales.
Leaves 6 to 14 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide, membranaceous to
chartaceous, in general oblong, subequally narrowed to the acute
base and to the slenderly and sharply subcaudate-acuminate apex,
entirely glabrous except for the very few, widely scattered,
appressed, lanceolate scales on the midrib on both surfaces, the
upper surface castaneous when dry, the lower cinereous, the
margins spinulose-serrate, the tips of the small teeth incurved;
lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, distinct,
brown in contrast to the pale lower surface, anastomosing, the
reticulations not prominent; petioles 1.5 to 3 cm long. Inflores-
cences axillary, solitary, long-peduncled, cymose, few-flowered,
the peduncles slender, up to 6 cm in length, glabrous, the young
pedicels sparingly pubescent; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, folia-
ceous, sparingly toothed, equally narrowed at both ends, up to
12 mm long and 3 mm wide ; pedicels 10 to 12 mm long. Sepals
unequal, externally sparingly pubescent, all rounded, the outer
two elliptic, 5 mm long and 3 mm wide, the inner three broadly
ovate, 5 to 6 mm long, 5 mm wide. Corolla-tube about 2 mm
long, the lobes 6 mm long, retuse. Stamens 20. Ovary ovoid,
pubescent; styles 3, free, 4 mm long.
South-east Borneo, Hayoep, Winkler 2lt51, June 14, 1908.
This species is apparently allied to Saurauia nigrescens Korth., but it
has smaller leaves, which are slenderly and sharply subcaudate-acuminate;
and lanceolate, acuminate, entirely glabrous bracts; while the ovary is dis-
tinctly pubescent.
PASSIFLORACEAE
ADEN I A Forskal
ADEN I A QUADRIFIDA sp. nov. § Microblepharis.
Species A. cordifoliae (Blume) Engl, similis, differt floribus
omnibus 4-meris, foliis chartaceus, utrinque concoloribus, laevis,
haud rugosis.
xiii, c. 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plcmts 95
A glabrous scandent plant, the branches slender, pale or brown-
ish when dry, obscurely striate. Leaves ovate to oblong, entire,
pale-olivaceous, shining, of about the same color on both surfaces,
chartaceous, 4 to 6.5 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide, base broadly
rounded and distinctly cordate, beneath with a pair of distinct
auricle-like glands, narrowed upward, the apex obtuse to obtusely
acuminate and usually minutely apiculate; lateral nerves pin-
nately arranged, 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, curved,
anastomosing, slender but distinct, the reticulations lax ; petioles
1 cm long or less. Inflorescences 4 to 7 cm in length, few- to
many-flowered, dichotomous, peduncled, the tendrils from the
apices of the peduncles between the two primary branches.
Flowers yellow, about 1 cm long, their pedicels slender, 1 to 2
cm in length, the bracteoles minute, the perianth narrowly
oblong-ovoid, acute at both ends, the sepals 4, oblong-ovate,
obtuse, about 1.5 mm long, the petals linear-oblong, 1.5 mm long,
thin, inserted at the apex of the perianth-tube. Stamens 4;
anthers narrowly oblong, 4 to 4.5 mm long. Fruits red when
mature, oblong-ovoid, narrowed at both ends, base and apex
acute, 7 to 9 cm long, apparently pendulous, 3-valved, apparently
terete, the valves thickly coriaceous, hard and stiff when dry,
reddish-brown, smooth and shining. Seeds ellipsoid, compressed,
prominently and densely subfoveolate, 8 to 9 mm long.
British North Borneo, Mount Kalawat, Mrs. Clemens 11138, December
10, 1915 (type) ; Mount Kinabalu, Kiau, Mrs. Clemens 10091, November
27, 1915.
This species much resembles the Javan Adenia cordifolia (Blume) Engl,
as figured and described by Blume, Rumphia, 1 (1835) 167, t. 49, from
which it is at once distinguished by its 4-merous, not 5-merous flowers.
ADENIA CLEMEN TIS sp. nov. § Microblepharis.
Frutex scandens, glaber; foliis chartaceis, oblongis, usque ad
10 cm longis, subolivaceis, nitidis, utrinque subaequaliter an-
gustatis, integris, tenuiter acuminatis, basi acutis, perspicue
auriculato-glandulosis, nervis utrinque 4, distinctis; inflorescen-
tiis axillaribus, cymosis, pedunculatis, paucifloris, 4 ad 6 cm
longis; floribus 5-meris, anguste oblongo-ovoideis, 8 ad 9 mm
longis, utrinque subacutis; fructibus ovoideo-ellipsoideis, tereti-
bus, circiter 5 cm longis, apice subrotundatis, basi subacutis vel
subrotundatis.
A scandent glabrous shrub, the branches terete, pale or brown-
ish, slightly striate when dry. Leaves oblong, chartaceous,
subolivaceous to somewhat pale when dry, of about the same
color on both surfaces or somewhat paler beneath, shining, 7
to 10 cm long, 2.5 to 6 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the
96 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
acute base and to the slenderly acuminate apex, entire, the
acumen acute, 1 to 1.5 cm long, the base with a pair of elongated,
auricle-like glands, the margins of the glands recurved; lateral
nerves 4 on each side of the midrib, distinct, curved, anastomos-
ing, the reticulations rather close, fine, evident on both surfaces ;
petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Inflorescences axillary, cymose,
peduncled, 4 to 6 cm long, few-flowered, dichotomously branched,
usually tendriliferous. Flowers 5-merous, 8 to 9 mm long, yel-
lowish, narrowly oblong-ovoid, subequally narrowed to the
usually acute base and apex. Calyx-lobes 5, three oblong-ovate,
2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, two alternating ones narrowly oblong.
Petals 5, thin, oblong, 3 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, inserted at the
apex of the perianth-tube. Stamens 5 ; anthers subsessile, nar-
rowly oblong, acuminate, 5 mm long. Fruits ovoid-ellipsoid,
yellow, about 5 cm long and 5 cm in diameter, terete, apex
usually rounded, base subacute to somewhat rounded, 3-valved,
the valves firm, about 3 mm thick, when dry pale and shining.
British North Borneo, Kiau, Mrs. Clemens 10166 (type), 10223,
November 25, 1917.
The present species is manifestly closely allied to Adenia longipedunculata
Merr., from which it is especially distinguished by its smaller leaves, and
shorter, few-flowered inflorescences.
ADENIA LONGIPEDUNCULATA sp. nov. § Microblepharis.
Frutex scandens, glaber, ramis in siccitate flavidis, leviter
striatis; foliis chartaceis, ellipticis, integris, usque ad 16 cm
longis et 10 cm latis, abrupte acuminatis, basi obtusis vel sub-
acutis, perspicue auriculato-glandulosis, pallidis, utrinque conco-
loribus, nitidis, nervis utrinque 4, perspicuis, curvatis, tenuiter
anastomosantibus ; inflorescentiis axillaribus, longe pedunculatis,
dichotomis, multifloris, foliis subaequantibus ; floribus 5-meris,
anguste oblongo-ovoideis, utrinque angustatis, acutis vel obtusis.
A scandent shrub, glabrous throughout, the branches when
dry distinctly yellowish, about 5 mm in diameter, slightly striate,
terete. Leaves elliptic, chartaceous to firmly chartaceous, pale,
of the same color on both surfaces, shining when dry, 14 to 16
cm long, 9 to 10 cm wide, entire, apex abruptly acuminate, the
acumen blunt, 1 cm long or less, base obtuse to subacute with
a pair of prominent auricle-like glands ; lateral nerves 4 on each
side of the midrib, projecting on both surfaces, prominent,
curved, slenderly anastomosing, the reticulations rather close,
distinct; petioles about 3 cm long. Inflorescences axillary, as
long as the leaves, rather densely many-flowered, the peduncles
up to 13 cm in length, the cymes 5 to 8 cm in diameter, dicho-
XIII, C, 2
Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plcmts
97
tomous. Flowers pale-yellowish, in mature bud narrowly oblong-
ovoid, acute or obtuse at both ends, about 8 mm long, 5-merous,
their pedicels 5 mm long or less, the bracteoles ovate, acute,
about 1 mm long. Calyx-segments oblong-ovate, obtuse, up to
2.5 mm in length. Petals thin, attached at the top of the
perianth-tube, oblong, obtuse, 2 to 2.5 mm long. Stamens 5,
the anthers subsessile, narrowly oblong, acuminate, 6 mm long.
British North Borneo, Sandakan, Agama U37, August 31, 1917, on the
inner edge of swamps along the Sapagaya River at about sea level.
This species is allied to Adenia acuminata (Bluxne) King, from which
it is especially distinguished by its more numerously nerved leaves. The
leaves are distinctly larger than are those of the Javan Adenia macrophylla
(Blume) Koord.
FLACOURTIACEAE
RYPAROSA Blume
RYPAROSA OLIGOPHLEBI A sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 5 m alta, subglabra; foliis oblongo-obovatis ad
oblongo-oblanceolatis, usque ad 17 cm longis, chartaceis, breviter
et abrupte acuminatis, basi acutis, subtus pallidis, nervis utrin-
que 2 vel 3, curvato-adscendentibus, subtus prominulis; infruc-
tescentiis lateralibus, usque ad 7 cm longis; fructibus ovoideis
ad subellipsoideis, circiter 3.5 cm longis, glabris, in siccitate
minute verruculosis ; seminibus circiter 6.
A tree about 5 m high, nearly glabrous, the very young branch-
lets sparingly appressed-pubescent, inflorescences and flowers
not seen. Branches terete, reddish-brown, glabrous. Leaves
chartaceous, oblong-obovate to oblong-oblanceolate, 10 to 17 cm
long, 4 to 6 cm wide, the apex abruptly and rather shortly obtuse-
acuminate, base acute, the upper surface more or less olivaceous
when dry, the lower pale-grayish; lateral nerves 2 or 3 on each
side of the midrib, the nerves curved-ascending, very prominent
on the lower surface, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations
rather lax; petioles 1.5 to 2 cm long. Infructescences lateral,
up to 7 cm in length, each bearing from 3 to 5 fruits. Fruits
ovoid to subellipsoid, brown when dry, glabrous, the pericarp
minutely verruculose, irregularly and coarsely wrinkled, about
3.5 cm long, 2.5 to 3 cm wide, apex subacute. Seeds usually 6.
British North Borneo, Kalabakan, Villaynil 263, September 21, 1916,
in forested valleys and on gentle slopes, altitude about 30 meters.
This species is strongly characterized by its few-nerved leaves. In its
6-seeded fruits it approaches Ryparosa kunstleri King of the Malay Penin-
sula, but is not otherwise closely allied to that species; most of the species,
so far as the fruits are known, have but one- or two-seeded fruits.
L
98 The Philippine Journal of Science ibis
MYRTACEAE
EUGENIA Linnaeus
EUGENIA CLEISTOCALYX nom. nov.
Jambosa nitida Korth. in Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 1 (1847) 202, non
Eugenia nitida Benth., nec Duthie.
Cleistocalyx nitidus Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1849) 84, f. 56.
Eugenia nervosa Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1855) 442, non Lour.
British North Borneo, Villamil 406, July 13, 1917, on river banks,
local name alag-alag-sulu.
The type was from Borneo,, and Miquel also credits the species
to Sumatra; from Loureiro’s description it has nothing to do with
Eugenia nervosa Lour., where it was placed by Miquel. The species is also
the type of Blume’s genus Cleistocalyx, and it is worthy of note that so
far as striking differential characters are concerned, in this case the
peculiar, calyptrate, circumscissly deciduous calyx-limb, Cleistocalyx is much
more sharply differentiated from Eugenia than are Jambosa and Syzygium,
and hence has stronger claims to generic recognition than either of these
groups.
EUGENIA ALCINAE Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 10 (1915) Bot. 216.
British North Borneo, Tawau, Villamil 371, May 28, 1917, on the
banks of the Sempang Tiga River, at low altitudes; Jesselton, Yates 71,
October 8, 1917.
Both specimens are an excellent match for the type, which was from
northern Palawan.
EUGENIA VILLAMILII sp. nov. § Syzygium.
Arbor parva, glabra, ramis ramulisque laevis, pallide-brunneis,
teretibus, ramulis circiter 2.5 mm diametro; foliis oppositis,
oblongis, chartaceis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, usque ad
20 cm longis, supra olivaceis, subtus pallidioribus, utrinque niti-
dis, epunctatis, apice tenuiter acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis
primariis utrinque circiter 20, tenuibus, secundariis reticulisque
obscuris, laxis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, circiter 5 cm longis,
corymbosis, e basi ramosis, plerumque trichotomis ; floribus par-
vis, alabastro obovoideo-obcuneao, circiter 4 mm longo, in ramulis
ultimis subcapitatim dispositis, petalis omnibus connatis, calyp-
tratim deciduis.
A small tree, glabrous throughout, the branches and branchlets
terete, slender, smooth, pale-brownish. Leaves opposite, charta-
ceous, oblong, about 20 cm long, 5 to 6 cm wide, subequally
narrowed to the acute base and to the slenderly acuminate apex,
the acumen 1 to 1.5 cm long, blunt, both surfaces shining, the
upper olivaceous, the lower paler, epunctate; midrib impressed
on the upper surface, prominent beneath ; primary lateral nerves
slender, slightly or scarcely raised on the lower surface, spread-
ing, anastomosing close to the margin with the marginal nerves,
xiii, c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 99
about 20 on each side of the midrib, the secondary nerves and
reticulations lax, indistinct; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Inflores-
cence terminal, corymbose, branched from the base, about 5 cm
long, 5 to. 6 cm wide across the top, the branches mostly trichoto-
mous, pale-olivaceous, shining, subterete. Flowers numerous,
crowded at the tips of the ultimate branchlets, 5 to 7 on each
branchlet, sessile, the buds obovoid-obcuneate, about 4 mm long,
the calyx terete, brown and slightly rugose when dry, the throat
about. 2.5 mm in diameter, the limb truncate, produced about
1.8 mm above the ovary. Petals wholly united into a deciduous
calyptra about 2.5 mm in diameter. Filaments numerous, 3 to
5 mm long.
British North Borneo, Kalabakan watershed, in forests along the
Pinajos River, Villamil 229, October 3, 1916, altitude about 4 meters.
The striking characters of this species are its oblong, chartaceous,
epunctate, slenderly nerved leaves, terete branchlets, and terminal corymbose
inflorescences which are branched from the base.
ARALIACEAE
SCHEFFLERA Forster
SCHEFFLERA Bl PALM ATI FOLIA sp. nov.
Frutex glabra, vel inflorescentiis leviter furfuraceis; foliis
longissime petiolatis, bipalmatis, radiis primariis 6 vel 7, petiolis
primal iis usque ad 18 cm longis, quisque 3- ad 5-foliolatis, foliolis
longe petiolulatis, oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo-ellipticis, tenuiter
acuminatis, integris, chartaceis, nervis utrinque 8 ad 10 ; inflores-
centiis terminalibus, breviter pedunculatis, ramis confertis, usque
ad 30 cm longis; floribus fasciculatis, numerosis, subsessilibus,
5-meris; fructibus subellipsoideis, sulcatis, 4 mm longis, 5-
locellatis.
A glabrous shrub, or the inflorescences somewhat furfur-
aceous. Leaves long-petioled, bipalmately compound, the prim-
ary divisions 6 or 7, their partial petioles up to 18 cm in length,
each bearing from 3 to 5 palmately arranged leaflets; leaflets
chartaceous, greenish-olivaceous, shining, entire, oblong-ovate to
oblong-elliptic, 15 to 25 cm long, 7 to 11 cm wide, slenderly
acuminate, base rounded to subacute; lateral nerves 8 to 10 on
each side of the midrib, prominent; petiolules 2 to 6 cm long.
Inflorescences terminal, shortly peduncled, the rachis slightly
prolonged, the simple branches crowded, each subtended by a
lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat furfuraceous bract up to 2.5
cm long, the individual branches in anthesis up to 30 cm long,
longer and glabrous in fruit, the flowers very numerous, crowded
154870 3
m The Philippine Journal of Science ms
in distinct fascicles along the entire length of the primary-
branches, subsessile, 6 to 10 in a fascicle. Pedicels very short.
Calyx turbinate, truncate, about 1.5 mm long. Petals 5, valvate,
triangular-ovate, acute, 1.7 mm long. Stamens 5; filaments 4
mm long. Ovary 5-celled. Fruits elliptic-ovoid, 4 mm long,
longitudinally 5-sulcate, 5-celled.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Kiau, Mrs. Clemens 10072
(type), 10060, November 2 and 6, 1916, fruits orange-red; growing near
streams.
This species is remarkable for its vegetative and inflorescence characters.
It is in the group with Schefflera heterophylla (Seem.) Harms, of the
Malay Peninsula and Java, but the inflorescences of the two species are
entirely different.
SCHEFFLERA BORNEENSIS sp. nov.
Frutex, inflorescentiis leviter pubescentibus exceptis glaber;
foliis 5-foliolatis, longe petiolatis, foliolis ellipticis ad elliptico-
ovatis, chartaceis ad coriaceis, integris, in siccitate pallidis vel
brunneis, nitidis, utrinque concoloribus, usque ad 20 cm longis,
subabrupte caudato-acuminatis, basi acutis ad rotundatis, nervis
utrinque 5 ad 7, subtus perspicuis, curvatis, reticulis utrinque
distinctis ; inflorescentiis terminalibus, leviter pubescentibus,
rhachibus 2 ad 3 cm longis, ramis primariis numerosis, adscen-
dentibus vel patulis, 7 ad 20 cm longis ; floribus 5-meris, breviter
pedicellatis, umbellis in ramis primariis racemose dispositis,
brevissime pedunculatis.
A shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence, which is sparingly
pubescent with weak, cinereous, simple hairs. Leaves 5-folio-
late, their petioles 10 to 20 cm long, inflated and clasping at
the base; leaflets elliptic to elliptic-ovate, chartaceous to coria-
ceous, entire, pale to brownish and shining when dry, of the
same color on both surfaces, 12 to 20 cm long, 6 to 12 cm wide,
apex rather abruptly caudate-acuminate, the acumen about 2 cm
long, the base acute to rounded; lateral nerves 5 to 7 on each
side of the midrib, distant, curved, anastomosing, prominent on
the lower surface, the reticulations distinct on both surfaces;
petiolules 1.5 to 5 cm long. Inflorescences terminal, the rachis
2 to 3 cm long, often stout, sparingly pubescent, bearing from
6 to 12 spreading to ascending primary branches, each branch
subtended by a lanceolate, acuminate, membranaceous bract up
to 1.5 cm in length, the branches 8 to 12 cm long, sparingly
pubescent. Umbels about 10-flowered, racemosely arranged
along the primary branches, their peduncles about 1 mm long,
the subtending bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 2 mm long. Pedi-
cels about 2 mm long. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx turbinate.
xiii, c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 101
Petals 5, broadly ovate, acute, 1.5 mm long, valvate. Filaments
3 mm long. Fruit subellipsoid, 5 mm long, deeply 5-sulcate, 5-
celled, crowned by the stellately arranged sessile globose stigmas.
Sarawak, vicinity of Kuching, Native collector 798 (type), 797, 1875
Bur. Sci., July and August, 1911, Rock Road, near Kuching. Perhaps
referable here are also Native collector 1275, 1717 Bur. Sci., but the former
is very imperfect, and the latter has longer primary branches of the
inflorescence, and distinctly longer peduncled umbels.
The alliance of this species is apparently with Schefflera gracilis (Blume)
Vig., from which it is easily distinguished by its larger, caudate-acuminate
leaflets.
SCHEFFLERA CALYPTRATA sp. nov.
Frutex, inflorescentiis junioribus furfuraceis exceptis glaber;
foliis 3-foliolatis, breviter crasseque petiolatis, foliolis coriaceis,
rigidis, oblongis, nitidis, laevis, usque ad 22 cm longis, acumi-
natis, basi obtusis ad subacutis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 12; pani-
culis terminalibus, ramis paucis, usque ad 14 cm longis ; umbellis
in ramis primariis racemose dispositis, paucifloris, floribus ple-
rumque 6-meris, breviter pedicellatis, calycis turbinatis vel infun-
dibuliformibus, truncatis, petalis omnibus connatis, calyptratim
deciduis.
A shrub, glabrous except the inflorescences, which in anthesis
are distinctly furfuraceous. Branches rugose when dry. Leaves
3-foliolate, their petioles stout, 2 cm long or less, the hard,
cylindric, often somewhat curved, sheathing stipules exceeding
the petioles. Leaflets thickly coriaceous, rigid, oblong, smooth
and shining, 11 to 22 cm long, 5 to 9 cm wide, apex rather
abruptly and sharply acuminate, base obtuse to subacute, brown-
ish-olivaceous when dry, the lower surface paler than the upper ;
lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, somewhat
curved, not prominent, the reticulations obsolete or subobsolete ;
petiolules stout, about 3.5 cm long. Panicles terminal, furfur-
aceous, shortly peduncled, branched from near the base, each
panicle with but two or three branches, these up to 14 cm in
length. Flowers in few-flowered, racemosely disposed umbels,
the peduncles opposite, verticillate or alternate, up to 1.5 cm
long, 5 to 8 flowers in an umbel, their pedicels glabrous, 4 to
5 mm long, rather stout. Calyx turbinate, truncate, about 2.5
mm long. Petals wholly united into an ovoid, rounded calyptra
up to 4 mm in length, which is circumscissly deciduous. Anthers
usually 6, oblong, obtuse, 3 mm long. Ovary 6- or 7-celled.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Kiau, Mrs. Clemens 10180,
November 1, 1915.
With the specimen is a detached fruiting branch about 30 cm in length,
102 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
which is dark-brown and entirely glabrous. The fruits are ovoid-ellipsoid,
somewhat sulcate, brown, about 6 mm in diameter, 6- or 7-seeded.
The species is well characterized by its thick, rigid leaflets, which are
three in number and with stout petiolules; its unusually stout, short
petioles; its elongated rigid stipules; and its petals wholly connate into a
deciduous calyptra, the latter character an anomalous one in the genus.
SCHEFFLERA PACHYPHLEBIA sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor parva, glabra; foliis 6-foliolatis, stipulis
coriaceis, oblongis amplexicaulibus, usque ad 2.5 cm longis,
ramis saepe incrassatis; foliolis coriaceis, ellipticis, usque ad
10 cm longis, brevissime acuminatis, basi acutis, nitidis, margine
revolutis, integris vel versus apicem parcissime serratis, nervis
utrinque circiter 6, subtus cum reticulis elevatis valde prominen-
tibus; inflorescentiis terminalibus, umbellis racemose dispositis,
pedunculatis; floribus plerumque 5- vel 6-nreris; fructibus
purpureis, in siccitate atro-brunneis, circiter 6 mm diametro,
sulcatis, locellis usque ad 7, seminibus plerumque 4 vel 5.
A shrub or small tree, entirely glabrous, the branchlets often
thickened. Leaves 6-foliolate, their petioles about 4 cm long,
the stipules oblong, coriaceous, obtuse, up to 2.5 cm long, clasping
the stems ; leaflets elliptic, coriaceous, usually dark-colored when
dry, 7 to 10 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, base acute to rounded,
apex shortly acuminate, margins revolute, entire or somewhat
serrate near the apex, shining when dry, the lower surface some-
times slightly glaucous ; petiolules 1.5 to 2 cm long; lateral nerves
about 6 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower
surface as are the raised primary reticulations. Inflorescence
terminal, consisting of from one to several partial inflorescences
up to 10 cm in length, these partial inflorescences of racemosely
disposed umbels. Umbels alternate, opposite, or verticillate,
their peduncles 1 to 1.5 cm long, each 6- to 12-flowered, the
pedicels about 5 mm long. Flowers mostly 5- or 6-merous.
Calyx turbinate, truncate, about 3 mm long. Petals free, valvate,
oblong-ovate, acute, 3.5 mm long. Filaments about 4 mm long.
Fruit dark-purple when ripe, dark-brown when dry, ovoid, about
6 mm long, sulcate, 5- to 7-celled, usually 5- or 4-seeded.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Paka Cave, Mrs. Clemens
10592 (type) , November 12, 1915, Haslam, August, 1916.
This species is characterized by its prominently nerved, coriaceous,
reticulate leaflets, and its greatly produced, coriaceous stipules.
SCHEFFLERA TETRANDRA sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor parva, inflorescentiis parce stellato-pubescen-
tibus ; foliis plerumque 5-foliolatis, foliolis chartaceis ad coriaceis,
oblongo-ellipticis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, in siccitate brunneis vel
xiii, c. 2 Merrill: Neiv Species of Bornean Plants 103
pallidis, integris, basi acutis, apice tenuiter subcaudato-acumi-
natis, usque ad 14 cm longis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter
8, quam secundariis vix magis distinctioribus ; inflorescentiis
terminalibus, rhachibus haud productis, ramis primariis 5 ad 7,
adscendentibus, 20 ad 40 cm longis ; umbellulis paucifloris, brevi-
ter pedunculatis, racemose dispositis ; floribus plerumque 4-meris,
parvis.
A shrub or a small tree, glabrous except the sparingly stellate-
pubescent inflorescences. Leaves palmately 5-foliolate, their
petioles 5 to 13 cm long, inflated and clasping at the base;
leaflets oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, chartaceous to coria-
ceous, entire, pale to brownish when dry, of about the same color
on both surfaces, shining, base acute, apex slenderly caudate-
acuminate, 8 to 14 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide; primary lateral
nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, distinct but scarcely
more prominent than are the secondary nerves, more or less as-
cending and anastomosing with the extended basal pair of nerves
forming a somewhat arched marginal pair extending nearly or
quite to the apex, the reticulations distinct on both surfaces.
Inflorescences terminal, the rachis not or but very slightly pro-
duced, the primary branches 5 to 7, 20 to 40 cm in length, each
subtended by an oblong-ovate, acuminate, pale, coriaceous, some-
what pubescent bract 1.5 to 2 cm in length, the younger parts
of the inflorescences stellate-pubescent with cinereous hairs, the
older parts glabrous or nearly so. Umbels racemosely arranged
on the primary branches, numerous, 5- to 10-flowered, their
peduncles 2 to 10 mm long, or the uppermost ones sometimes
sessile, the subtending bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 5 mm long
or less. Pedicels usually about 2 mm long. Flowers mostly 4-
merous, sometimes 5-merous, the petals about 2 mm long, wholly
connate into a deciduous calyptra. Fruits 3 to 4 mm long, 4-,
rarely 5-angled and sulcate, 4-, rarely 5-celled.
Sarawak, near Sandakan, Native collector 183, 18U, 185, 4 26 , 799,
801, 505, 1763, 2707 Bur. Sci.; Lundu, Foxworthy 71, May, 1908 (type),
with the native name raka.
The alliance of this species is apparently with Schefflera subulata (Miq.)
Vig. but it has distinctly smaller, more numerous leaflets, longer racemes,
and usually 4-merous flowers. It is apparently common in Sarawak.
CLETHRACEAE
CLETHRA Linnaeus
CLETHRA PACHYPHYLLA sp. nov.
Arbor parva, ramulis et inflorescentiis dense ferrugineo-villo-
sis ; foliis oblongis ad anguste oblongo-obovatis, crasse coriaceis,
104 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918
usque ad 6 cm longis, acute acuminatis, basi cuneatis, margine
irregulariter serrulatis, nervis utrinque 9 ad 12, valde prominen-
tibus, subtus dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus, vetustioribus palli-
dis et minute puberulis; racemis usque ad 5 cm longis, floribus
brevissime pedicellatis, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis, usque ad 8
mm longis.
A small tree, the branchlets and inflorescences densely ferru-
ginous-villous, the branches rugose, brownish, glabrous. Leaves
oblong to narrowly oblong-obovate, shortly and sharply acumi-
nate, base cuneate, margins subentire to minutely and irregularly
denticulate, thickly coriaceous, 5 to 6 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide,
the upper surface dark-brown, glabrous, and somewhat shining
when dry, the midrib impressed, the lower surface densely fer-
ruginous-pubescent, with intermixed villous hairs on the midrib
and nerves, the older ones pale on the lower surface and minutely
puberulent; lateral nerves 9 to 12 on each side of the midrib,
very prominent, anastomosing; petioles pubescent, about 1 cm
long. Racemes up to 5 cm in length, densely ferruginous-villous,
the flowers somewhat crowded, shortly pedicelled, the bracts
linear-lanceolate, thick, pubescent, up to 8 mm in length. Sepals
oblong-ovate, acute to somewhat acuminate, ferruginous-pubes-
cent, about 4 mm long. Petals (in bud) obovate, glabrous, about
3 mm long.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Paka Cave to Lobang, Mrs.
Clemens 10692, November 15, 1915.
The alliance of this species is manifestly with Clethra luzonica Merr.,
which it resembles in many characters. It is distinguished by its fewer-
nerved, sharply acuminate, narrower leaves, which are much more pubescent
than in the Philippine species, and in its villous branchlets and inflores-
cences. Clethra pulgarensis Elm., of Palawan, has very differently shaped,
much broader leaves, which are not sharply acuminate.
CLETHRA CLEM ENTIS sp. nov.
Arbor parva, plus minusve stellato-tomentosis ; foliis oblongis
ad oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 11 cm longis, chartaceis, acute
acuminatis, basi acutis, margine subintegris ad irregulariter ser-
rulatis, subtus parce stellato-tomentosis, nervis utrinque 10 ad
12, distinctis; paniculis stellato-pubescentibus, ramis 10 ad 20
cm longis; floribus numerosis, petalis obovatis, 3 mm longis,
bracteis lineari-lanceolatis, 5 ad 7 mm longis, deciduis; capsulis
depresso-globosis, 2.5 ad 3 mm diametro.
A small tree attaining a height of nearly 10 m, or in some
habitats a shrub 1.5 to 2 m high, the younger parts stellate-
pubescent, the indumentum usually ferruginous and often dense,
the older branches glabrous. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate,
xm, c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 105
chartaceous, 6 to 11 cm long, 1.5 to 3.5 cm wide, subequally
narrowed upward to the acutely acuminate apex and below to
the acute base, the margins subentire to irregularly serrulate,
the upper surface brownish-olivaceous, glabrous or with scat-
tered stellate hairs along the midrib and nerves when young,
the lower surface paler, sparingly stellate-pubescent; lateral
nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, distinct; petioles
pubescent, 1 cm long or less. Panicles ferruginous- to subcine-
reous-pubescent, the indumentum dense, short, stellate, the
branches often slender, 10 to 20 cm in length, the buds on young
branches crowded and subtended by the conspicuous bracts, in
anthesis somewhat scattered, their pedicels up to 3 mm in length
and persistent after the flower falls, the bracts deciduous, linear-
lanceolate, densely pubescent, 5 to 7 mm long. Flowers white
or greenish-white, numerous. Sepals ovate to oblong-ovate, 2
to 2.5 mm long, somewhat acuminate, densely pubescent. Petals
obovate, glabrous, 3 mm long. Ovary pubescent; style 2 mm
long. Fruit depressed-globose, 2.5 to 3 mm in diameter.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Kibayo to Keung, Mrs. Clemens
9859, 9826, October 29, 1915; Mount Kalawat, Mrs. Clemens 111U8 (type),
December 10, 1915, common.
It is suspected that this is the form reported from Borneo by Stapf
and by Miss Gibbs as Clethra canescens Reinw., but it is remarkably
distinct from Reinwardt’s species as I understand it, and as interpreted
by J. J. Smith from Javan and Celebes material; Reinwardt’s type was
from Celebes, and no satisfactory description of it was published until
19 14.'1 Koorders 19280 from Celebes unquestionably represents Reinwardt’s
species, and represents a species from which I am now of the opinion that
Clethra williamsii C. B. Rob. of Mindanao cannot be distinguished. It has
coriaceous leaves, with from 17 to 20 pairs of lateral nerves, while the
form above described has at most chartaceous leaves with but 10 to 12
pairs of lateral nerves. Clethra dementis Merr. is distinctly more closely
allied to the Philippine C. lancifolia Turcz., than to C. canescens Reinw.
MYRSINACEAE
MAESA Forskal
MAESA SUBCAUDATA sp. nov.
Frutex glaber, ramis ramulisque teretibus, elenticellatis ; foliis
oblongo-ellipticis ad oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 20 cm longis,
membranaceis, basi acutis vel decurrento-acuminatis, apice te-
nuiter subcaudato-acuminatis, margine perspicue subrepando-
dentatis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 12, perspicuis, subtus minutis-
sime subrubiginoso-puncticulatis, obscure reticulatis, lineis ner-
4J. J. Smith in Koorders & Valeton Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java Meded.
Dept. Lanbouw 18 (1914) 87.
106 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
villiformibus destitutes; racemis axillaribus, solitariis vel binis,
usque ad 2.5 cm longis, paucifloris; floribus 5-meris, urceolatis,
circiter 4 mm longis, calycis perspicue lineatis, lobis ovatis,
obtusis, glabris, integris ; petalis f connatis, lineatis, lobis circiter
1 mm longis, obtusis ad subacutis.
A glabrous shrub, the branches and branchlets elenticellate,
terete, brownish. Leaves oblong-elliptic to oblong-obovate, mem-
branaceous, rather pale when dry, slightly shining, 15 to 20 cm
long, 6.5 to 9 cm wide, base acute to decurrent-acuminate, apex
slenderly subcaudate-acuminate, the acumen acute, about 1.5
cm long, the margins rather prominently subrepand-dentate, the
lower surface very minutely subrubiginous-puncticulate ; lateral
nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent, somewhat
ascending, the reticulations inconspicuous; petioles about 1.5
cm long. Racemes axillary, simple, solitary or in pairs, up to
2.5 cm long, few-flowered. Flowers 5-merous, about 4 mm long,
the pedicels 3 mm long, the bracteoles 2, oblong, less than 1 mm
long. Calyx-tube and lobes prominently lineate, the lobes ovate,
obtuse, entire, 1.3 to 1.5 mm long. Corolla prominently lineate,
the tube about 2 mm long, the lobes broadly ovate, obtuse to
subacute, about 1 mm long. Stamens attached at about the
middle of the tube, the filaments about as long as the anthers.
British North Borneo, Villamil 23i, June, 1917.
This species is strongly characterized by being entirely glabrous; by
its rather large, membranaceous, rather prominently subrepand-dentate,
subcaudate-acuminate, rather many-nerved leaves, which are minutely sub-
rubiginous-puncticulate; and its short, few-flowered, simple racemes, the
flowers being 5-merous and prominently lineate. It is perhaps as closely
allied to Maesa laevigata Scheff. as to any other known species.
MAESA CLEM ENTIS sp. nov.
Frutex, ramulis junioribus inflorescentiisque parcissime puber-
ulis exceptis glaber, ramis ramulisque in siccitate brunneis,
teretibus, parce lenticellatis ; foliis oblongo-ovatis ad oblongis,
usque ad 11 cm longis, membranaceis ad chartaceis, pallide
olivaceis, basi rotundatis ad subacutis, apice distincte acuminatis,
nervis utrinque circiter 8, perspicuis, subtus haud puncticulatis,
lineis nervilliformibus manifestis auctis, margine distanter sub-
rostrato- vel apiculato-dentatis ; inflorescentiis axillaribus, de-
pauperato-paniculatis, petiolo subaequantibus ; floribus 5-meris,
circiter 3 mm longis, calycis lobis lineatis, ovatis, acuminatis,
1 mm longis, margine minutissime ciliatis; petalis usque ad §
connatis, lobes lineatis, orbiculari-reniformibus, rotundatis; fila-
mentis quam antheris 3- vel 4-plo longioribus.
A shrub, glabrous except the very slightly puberulent branch-
mi, c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 107
lets and inflorescences. Branches and branchlets brown when
dry, slender, terete, more or less lenticellate, slightly striate.
Leaves membranaceous to chartaceous, oblong-ovate to oblong,
7 to 11 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide, pale-olivaceous and shining
when dry, the base rounded to acute, the apex distinctly acumi-
nate, the margins distantly dentate with short, stout, blunt,
subrostrate or apiculate teeth, the basal parts entire or nearly
so ; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, prominent,
curved, scarcely anastomosing, the nerves and their ultimate
branches ending in marginal teeth, the reticulations indistinct,
the lower surface with numerous, manifest, nerve-like lines;
petioles 0.8 to 1.3 cm long. Inflorescences axillary, about as long
as the petioles, depauperate-paniculate, rather few-flowered.
Flowers white or cream-colored, 5-merous, about 3 mm long,
their pedicels 2 mm long, the bracteole subtending the pedicels
oblong, acuminate, less than 1 mm long, the two prophyllae sub-
tending the flower similar to the bracteoles but slightly smaller.
Calyx distinctly lineate, the lobes ovate, acuminate, about 1 mm
long, their margins very minutely ciliate. Petals connate for
about two-thirds their length, the tube not lineate, the lobes sub-
reniform-ovate, rounded, lineate, about 0.8 mm long and 1.5 mm
wide. Filaments attached near the base of the tube, three to
four times as long as the anthers.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Minitindok and Lobang Gorges,
and Kiau, Mrs. Clemens 10494 (type), 10102, 10462, November 19 and 29,
1915.
The alliance of this species is with Maesa montana A. DC., from which
it differs notably in its differently shaped, shortly acuminate leaves, and
numerous other characters.
MAESA CONFERTA sp. nov.
Species ut videtur M. japonicae afflnis. Frutex glaberrimus,
ramis nitidis, griseis vel brunneis; foliis submembranaceis vel
chartaceis, oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 17 cm
longis, nitidis, epuncticulatis, basi subacutis, apice tenuiter acu-
minatis, margine distanter apiculatordentatis vel subintegris,
nervis utrinque 5 vel 6, curvato-adscendentibus, perspicuis, anas-
tomosantibus ; infructescentiis axillaribus, quam petiolis brevio-
ribus, fructibus valde confertis, ovoideis, circiter 5 mm longis,
perspicue longitudinaliter striato-lineatis ; calycis lobis 5, ovatis,
obtusis ad subacutis, lineatis, glabris, integris, circiter 1.5 mm
longis.
An entirely glabrous shrub, the branches terete, grayish to
brownish, shining, elenticellate. Leaves submembranaceous to
chartaceous, pale-olivaceous and shining when dry, not puncticu-
1C8 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
late, oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 12 to 17 cm long, 4 to
6.5 cm wide, base subacute, the apex slenderly acuminate, the
acumen subacute, up to 2 cm in length, the margins very dis-
tantly apiculate-dentate, the teeth always short, sometimes obso-
lete and the margins entire or nearly so; lateral nerves 5 or 6
on each side of the midrib, rather prominent, curved-ascending,
anastomosing, the reticulations lax, indistinct; petioles about 1
cm long. Infruetescences axillary, shorter than the petioles, of
solitary or paired, simple racemes, the rachis 5 mm long or
less. Fruits ovoid, brown, about 5 mm long, prominently striate-
lineate, their pedicels 2 mm long or less, the bracteoles minute,
0.4 mm long or less. Persistent calyx-teeth 5, ovate, obtuse to
subacute, entire, glabrous, prominently lineate, 1.5 mm long.
Seeds numerous, sharply angled, quadrangular, about 1 mm in
diameter.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Kiau, Mrs. Clemens 9969
(type) , 9968, November 29, 1917, “fruit greenish-brown, pale-striped.”
While the flowers of this species are unknown, I feel rather confident
that its alliance is with Maesa japonica (Thunb.) Moritzi, which it resem-
bles in its vegetative characters and especially in its fruits. It is well
characterized by its very short infruetescences, which are distinctly shorter
than the petioles, and its crowded fruits.
ARDISIA Swartz
ARDISIA MOULTON II sp. nov. § Tinopsis.
Frutex vel arbor, ramis griseis, teretibus, glabris, ramulis
.junioribus et inflorescentiis dense brunneo- vel castaneo-furfur-
aceis ; foliis oblongis, coriaceis, nitidis, epunctatis, integris,
usque ad 20 cm longis, basi acutis, apice acuminatis, nervis
primariis utrinque circiter 35, distinctis vel indistinctis ; inflo-
rescentiis terminalibus, usque ad 12 cm longis, tripinnatim pani-
culatis, floribus in ramulis ultimis subumbellatim dispositis, con-
fertis, breviter et crasse pedicellatis, calycis tubo obconico, 3
ad 4 mm longo, lobis late ovatis, valde imbricatis, acutis vel
acuminatis, circiter 6 mm longis, coriaceis, obscure punctatis,
margine ciliatis.
A shrub or tree, glabrous except the distinctly and rather
densely brownish- to castaneous-lepidote branchlets and inflores-
cences, the leaves often minutely lepidote. Branches terete,
grayish. Leaves alternate, oblong, coriaceous, somewhat shin-
ing, brownish-olivaceous, of about the same color on both sur-
faces, epunctate, 12 to 20 cm long, 2.5 to 7 cm wide, subequally
narrowed to the acute base and the somewhat acuminate apex,
entire, the midrib somewhat impressed on the upper surface,
very prominent on the lower surface; lateral nerves about 25
xiii, c, 2 Me7'rill: New Species of Bornean Plants 109
on each side of the midrib, distinct or indistinct, sometimes
obscure, spreading, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations
usually very obscure; petioles about 1 cm long. Inflorescences
terminal, tripinnately paniculate, up to 12 cm in length, the
branches racemosely arranged, alternate, the lower ones sub-
tended by reduced leaves and up to 5 cm in length, the flowers
umbellately arranged at the tips of the ultimate branchlets,
crowded, 5 to 7 in an umbel, subsessile or pedicellate, the pedicels
stout, up to 4 mm in length, the subtending bracteoles lanceolate,
3 to 5 mm in length, the bracts similar but larger. Calyx-tube
obconic, 3 to 4 mm long, the lobes broadly ovate to suborbicuiar-
ovate, acute to somewhat acuminate, undulate, coriaceous, ob-
scurely punctate, the margins somewhat ciliate, about 6 mm long,
very prominently imbricate, the outer basal part often distinctly
rounded-auricled. Petals ovate, subcoriaceous, about 6 mm long,
somewhat acuminate, scarcely punctate. Anthers acuminate, 3
mm long. Ovary glabrous; style 4 to 5 mm long, included
in bud.
Sarawak, Siol, and other localities, Native collector 156, 372, 673 (type),
1631, 2350 Bur. Sci., the type collected June 1, 1911.
The alliance of this species is apparently with Ardisia lanceolata Roxb.
and A. nitidula Mez. It is well characterized by its crowded, umbellately
arranged, subsessile to shortly pedicelled flowers; its distinctly elongated
calyx-tube; and its prominently imbricate sepals. It is dedicated to Captain
J. C. Moulton, formerly director of the Sarawak Museum, under whose
supervision extensive botanical collections were made for the Bureau of
Science.
ARDISIA SARAWAKENSIS sp. nov. § Tinopsis.
Arbor 6 ad 7 m alta, glabra ; foliis alternis, coriaceis, oblongis,
circiter 20 cm longis, in siccitate purpureo-brunneis, nitidis,
minute undulatis, apice obtusis, basi acutis, utrinque perspicue
punctatis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 25, patulis, anasto-
mosantibus, subtus prominulis, reticulis laxis ; paniculis termina-
libus, pedunculatis, circiter 10 cm longis, pyramidatis, bipinna-
tim paniculatis, floribus in ramulis primariis subumbellatim
dispositis; sepalis elliptico-ovatis, acutis vel obtusis, perspicue
glandulosis, margine leviter ciliatis, circiter 3 mm longis, imbri-
catis; petalis ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, 6 mm longis, supra
parce punctatis, infra densissime puncticulatis.
A tree, 6 to 7 m high, entirely glabrous. Branches terete,
purplish-brown, rugose. Leaves alternate, oblong, coriaceous,
purplish-brown when dry, shining, about 20 cm long, 4 to 5.5
cm wide, entire, subequally narrowed to the obtuse apex and
the acute base, both surfaces conspicuously punctate-glandular,
110 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
the glands distinctly visible to the naked eye; primary lateral
nerves about 25 on each side of the midrib, spreading, anasto-
mosing, distinct on the lower surface, the reticulations lax;
petioles stout, about 5 mm long. Panicles terminal, pyramidal,
peduncled, about 10 cm long, bipinnate, the flowers subumbellately
arranged at the tips of the primary branches, the branches
alternate, the lower ones 3 cm long or less. Flowers pink, 6
to 12 in each umbel, their pedicels 7 to 9 mm long. Sepals
elliptic-ovate, acute or obtuse, about 3 mm long, prominently
glandular, margins sparingly ciliate, distinctly imbricate in the
basal parts, nearly free. Petals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
about 6 mm long and 3 mm wide, the upper part with few,
scattered, large glands, the median portion of the lower half
densely punctate-glandular with small glands. Anthers oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, about 4 mm long, the connectives not
glandular. Ovary ovoid, glabrous ; style 4.5 mm long, not
exserted in bud.
Sarawak, Mount Poe, Foxworthy 201, May 24, 1908, altitude about 1,300
meters.
This species falls in the group with Ardisia lanceolata Roxb., but is
not closely allied to that species. It is well characterized by its purplish-
brown, oblong, obscurely undulate, prominently punctate, short-petioled,
obtuse leaves.
ARDISIA PYGMAEA sp. nov. § Bladhia.
Suffrutex usque ad 20 cm altus, glaber, caulibus simplicibus,
erectis vel infra decumbens ; f oliis confertis, obovatis ad oblongo-
obovatis, integris, usque ad 13 cm longis, chartaceis ad subcoria-
ceis, apice rotundatis, basi acutis vel subacutis, breviter petiolatis,
nervis utrinque 12 ad 15, distinctis; inflorescentiis in axillis
superioribus, usque ad 8 cm longis, simpliciter racemosis ; calycis
lobis ovatis, acuminatis, perspicue glandulosis, margine ciliatis,
circiter 1.5 mm longis; fructibus globosis, glabris, circiter 6
mm diametro.
A dwarfed, erect, simple undershrub about 20 cm high, the
stems erect or decumbent below, woody, up to 5 mm in diameter,
dark-brown. Leaves crowded toward the apices of the stems,
olivaceous, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, obovate to oblong-
obovate, 8 to 13 cm long, 4 to 5.5 cm wide, glabrous, epunctate
or with but few glands, apex broadly rounded, narrowed below
to the acute or subacute base, the margins entire ; lateral nerves
12 to 15 on each side of the midrib, distinct; petioles 4 to 7
mm long. Racemes simple, erect, up to 8 cm long, in the upper
axils, glabrous. Pedicels 3 to 4 mm long, recurved, the subtend-
ing bracteoles ovate to oblong-ovate, prominently glandular, up
xiii, c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants HI
to 2.5 mm in length. Calyx about 5 mm in diameter, the lobes
ovate, acuminate, about 1.5 mm long, prominently glandular,
margins ciliate. Fruits globose, glabrous, about 6 mm in dia-
meter, the styles slender, 3 to 4 mm long.
Sarawak, Native collector 672, U2h, 1UU8, 1178 (type) Bur. Sci., one of
the specimens from Matang Road, July 25, 1911, the others not localized.
This very characteristic species is somewhat anomalous in the section
Bladhia in its racemose inflorescences, entire leaves, and in being glabrous
throughout. It does not appear to be closely allied to any previously de-
scribed species of the genus.
ARDISIA LUCIDA sp. nov. § Pimelandra.
Arbor circiter 8 m alta, novellis minutissime ferrugineo-tomen-
tosis exceptis glabra; foliis oblongis, chartaceis, nitidis, usque
ad 13 cm longis, alternis, supra subolivaceis, subtus pallide
brunneis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, acuminatis, integris,
epunctatis, nervis utrinque circiter 14, curvatis, anastomosanti-
bus, supra plerumque impressis, subtus prominulis ; inflorescentiis
axillaribus, circiter '2 cm longis, bipinnatim paniculatis, e basi
ramosis, floribus umbellatim dispositis; calycis lobis oblongis,
acutis, 1.2 mm longis, leviter furfuraceis, margine minute ciliatis,
eglandulosis.
A tree about 8 m high, glabrous except the minutely ferrugin-
ous-tomentose growing tips of the branchlets. Branches terete,
brownish, smooth. Leaves alternate, chartaceous, shining on
both surfaces, the upper surface subolivaceous, the lower pale-
brownish, epunctate, oblong, 9 to 13 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide,
subequally narrowed to the acute or somewhat acuminate base
and the distinctly acuminate apex ; primary lateral nerves about
14 on each side of the midrib, usually impressed on the upper
surface, prominent on the lower surface, curved, anastomosing,
the reticulations close, not prominent; petioles 9 to 13 mm long.
Panicles bipinnate, branched from the base, axillary, about 2
cm long, solitary, lax, few-flowered, the flowers umbellately dis-
posed, the pedicels, in fruit, about 5 mm long. Calyx slightly
furfuraceous, about 4 mm in diameter, the lobes oblong, acute,
about 1.2 mm long, eglandular, margins slightly ciliate. Fruits
globose, glabrous, about 5 mm in diameter.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Lobang and Minitindok Gorges,
Mrs. Clemens 10^35 (type), 10331, November 15 and 19, 1915.
This species, a characteristic one of the section Pimelandra, falls in the
group with, and is most closely allied to,, Ardisia brachybotrys Lauterb. &
K. Schum. of New Guinea, from which it may be distinguished by its
differently shaped, smaller leaves, its eglandular sepals, and its smooth,
not tuberculate fruits.
112 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
ARDISIA DOLICHOSEPALA sp. nov. § Crispardisia.
Frutex glaber, vel ramulis et inflorescentiis parcissime pubes-
cens ; foliis alternis, oblong ad oblongo-lanceolatis, membranaceis,
olivaceis, nitidis, usque ad 21 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter
angustatis, acuminatis, nigro-punctatis, margine irregulariter
crenatis, nervis utrinque circiter 15, tenuibus; inflorescentiis
subsessilibus vel pedunculatis, paucifloris, umbellatis ; floribus 5-,
rariter 6-meris, circiter 8 mm longis, sepalis membranaceis, lan-
ceolatis, obtusis, 7 ad 8 mm longis, perspicue punctatis; petalis
perspicue punctatis, oblongo-ovatis, sepalis aequilongis.
A glabrous shrub or the very young branchlets and inflores-
cences very slightly pubescent. Branches terete, brownish,
rugose. Leaves alternate, membranaceous, olivaceous, shining,
oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 12 to 21 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide,
subequally narrowed to the acute base and the blunt-acuminate
apex, the margins irregularly crenate, conspicuously black-punc-
tate ; lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, slender,
anastomosing, the reticulations very lax, indistinct; petioles 1
to 1.5 cm long. Umbels simple, in the upper axils, subsessile
or pedunculate, the peduncles up to 3 cm in length, the pedicels
about 1 cm long, ten or fewer flowers in each umbel. Flowers
pink, about 8 mm long, the bracteoles oblong, glandular, up to
3 mm in length. Sepals membranaceous, lanceolate, obtuse, con-
spicuously glandular-punctate, 7 to 8 mm long, 1.6 to 2 mm wide,
nearly glabrous, the margins sometimes with a few short hairs.
Petals as long as the sepals, oblong-ovate, acuminate, conspicu-
ously glandular-punctate, about 4 mm wide. Anthers oblong-
ovate, subobtuse, 4 mm long, the connectives glandular. Ovary
ovoid, glabrous; style slender, 7 mm long. Fruits red, brown
when dry, subglobose, about 6 mm in diameter.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Gurulau Spur, Minitindok
Gorge, and Kiau, Mrs. Clemens 10819 (type), 10U86, s. n., November 17 and
27, 1915.
The alliance of this species is with Ardisia petocalyx Scheff., from which
it is distinguished by its vegetative and inflorescence characters. The
flowers are occasionally 6-merous, but normally 5-merous. The sinuses of
the crenulations bear the characteristic glands of the subgenus, the leaf-
margin otherwise bearing a rather close row of black glands similar to
those that are scattered over other parts of the leaf.
ARDISIA OBSCURINERVIA sp. nov. § Tinus.
Arbor, partibus junioribus minute furfuraceo-lepidotis ex-
ceptis glabra; foliis alternis, coriaceis, oblongis, usque ad 17 cm
longis, in siccitate olivaceo-brunneis, opacis vel leviter nitidis,
utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice leviter obtuse
xiii, c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 113
acuminatis, epunctatis, nervis lateralibus valde obscuris, inter-
com obsoletis; inflorescentiis e axillis foliis reductis, paniculam
foliaceam formans; floribus umbellatim dispositis; sepalis orbi-
culari-ovatis, 3 mm longis, imbricatis,. obscure glandulosis vel
eglandulosis, margine ciliatis ; petalis elliptico-ovatis, 4 ad 5 mm
longis, obtusis, epunctatis.
A tree, glabrous except the minutely furfuraceous-lepidote
younger parts, the indumentum subferruginous, deciduous.
Branches terete, grayish, glabrous. Leaves alternate, coriaceous,
oblong, 12 to 17 cm long, 4 to 4.5 cm wide, those subtending
the inflorescences greatly reduced and 3 to 5 cm in length, sub-
equally narrowed to the acute base and the blunt-acuminate
apex, brownish-olivaceous and dull or slightly shining when
dry, of the same color on both surfaces, entire, epunctate, the
midrib impressed on the upper surface, prominent beneath, the
lateral nerves very slender, obscure, sometimes obsolete ; petioles
stout, rugose, pale, about 8 mm long. Inflorescences from the
axils of reduced leaves toward the apices of the branches, form-
ing a somewhat leafy panicle, all lateral, the individual inflores-
cences bipinnate, the flowers umbellately arranged at the tips of
the branches, 5 to 7 flowers in a panicle, their pedicels 5 mm
long or less, subtended by oblong bracteoles, the primary
branches 1 cm long or less, subtended by oblong-lanceolate bracts
up to 8 mm in length. Sepals 3 mm long, imbricate, orbicular-
ovate, rounded, obscurely glandular, margins ciliate. Petals
elliptic-ovate, 4 to 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, obtuse, glabrous,
epunctate. Ovary depressed-globose, glabrous ; style 5 mm long,
included. Anthers oblong-ovate, acuminate, 3 mm long, the con-
nectives not or very obscurely glandular.
Sarawak, Lundu, Foxworthy 34, May 10, 1908, with the local name
gima.
The alliance of this species is apparently with Ardisia pendula Mez,
from which it is distinguished, among numerous other characters, by its
shorter petioles, epunctate leaves, erect or spreading, not pendulous inflores-
cences, and smaller flowers.
ARDISIA LANCI FOLIA sp. nov. § Acrardisia.
Frutex, ramulis junioribus dense cupreo-lepidotis, foliis subtus
parce seel distincte lepidotis ; foliis lanceolatis ad oblongo-lanceo-
latis, chartaceis, olivaceis, nitidis, usque ad 11 cm longis, integris,
basi acutis, apice tenuiter acuminatis, epunctatis vel punctis
paucis instructis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, tenuibus/anastomo-
santibus ; inflorescentiis terminalibus, paucifloris, 2 ad 3 cm
longis, floribus subumbellatim dispositis; calycis lobis oblongo-
ovatis, obtusis, perspicue parce punctatis, margine ciliatis, cir-
114 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
citer 1 mm longis; petalis oblongo-ovatis, 3.5 mm longis, acum-
inatis, epunctatis vel cum glandulis 1 vel 2 instructis.
A shrub, the young branchlets and the inflorescences rather
densely cupreous-lepidote, the leaves distinctly but sparingly
lepidote on the lower surface. Branches terete, glabrous, brown-
ish, slender. Leaves alternate, chartaceous, usually olivaceous
when dry, shining, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5.5 to 11
cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, entire, the base acute, apex slenderly
but bluntly acuminate, eglandular or with few glands, the lower
surface with scattered, brown or cupreous, minute scales ; lateral
nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct,
anastomosing; petioles 5 to 10 mm long. Inflorescence terminal,
paniculate, few-flowered, more or less cupreous-lepidote, the
flowers subumbellately arranged on the ultimate branchlets,
usually but two or three to a branchlet, their pedicels 5 to 7
mm long. Calyx 3 mm in diameter, the lobes oblong-ovate,
obtuse, ciliate on the margins, each lobe with 2 to 5 conspicuous
glands. Petals oblong-ovate, acuminate, 3.5 mm long, eglandular
or with one or two glands. Anthers oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, 2.5 mm long, the connectives slightly glandular. Ovary
glabrous; style 2 to 2.5 mm long.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Kemberanga and Gurulau
Spur, Mrs. Clemens 10518 (type), 10827, November 15 and 27, 1915.
This is allied to both Ardisia kinabaluensis Merr. and A. lepidotula
Merr., differing from the former conspicuously in its fewer-nerved leaves,
and from the latter in its distinct nerves, widely scattered lepidote scales
on the lower surface of the leaves, and other characters.
ARDISIA KINABALUENSIS sp. nov. § Acrardisia.
Frutex, partibus junioribus minute cupreo-lepidulotis ; foliis
alternis, olivaceis vel brunneo-olivaceis, nitidis, oblongis ad
oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 9 cm longis, obtuse acuminatis, basi
acutis, utrinque punctis multis instructis, nervis utrinque circiter
18, tenuibus, distinctis ; inflorescentiis terminalibus, circiter 4 cm
longis, bipinnatim paniculatis, paucifloris, floribus in ramulis
ultimis umbellatim dispositis; floribus circiter 1 cm diametro,
calycis lobis oblongo-ovatis, obtusis, circiter 1 mm longis, parce
punctatis, margine minute ciliatis ; petalis 5 mm longis, oblongo-
ovatis, acuminatis, parce glanduloso-punctatis.
A shrub, the very young parts distinctly but minutely cupreous-
lepidote, the older parts entirely glabrous. Branches terete,
brownish or reddish-brown, glabrous. Leaves alternate, sub-
coriaceous, olivaceous to brownish, shining, oblong to oblong-
elliptic, 5 to 9 cm long. 2 to 4 cm wide, base acute, apex blunt-
acuminate, margins entire, both surfaces with numerous, black
xin, c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants H5
or dark-colored glands, these often visible to the naked eye;
lateral nerves about 18 on each side of the midrib, slender, dis-
tinct on both surfaces ; petioles 2 to 3 mm long. Panicles bipin-
nate, terminal, few-flowered, about 4 cm long, the flowers um-
bellately arranged at the tips of the ultimate branchlets, their
pedicels up to 7 mm in length. Flowers (spread) about 1 cm
in diameter. Calyx about 3 mm in diameter, the lobes oblong-
ovate, obtuse, sparingly glandular, 1 mm long, their margins
minutely ciliate. Petals 5 mm long, oblong-ovate, acuminate,
sparingly glandular-punctate. Anthers oblong-lanceolate, acum-
inate, 3 mm long, the connectives not glandular. Ovary glab-
rous; style 3.5 mm long, not exserted in bud.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Kemberanga, and Paka Cave
to Low’s Peak, ascending to an altitude of 3,350 meters, Mrs. Clemens 10517
(type), 10663, 10663a, November 12 to 15, 1915, Haslam, August, 1918.
This species is manifestly allied to the Philippine Ardisia scabrida Mez,
from which it is distinguished, among other characters, by its thicker
leaves, and obtuse, distinctly ciliate sepals.
ARDISIA LEPIDOTULA sp. nov. § A cr ardisia.
Frutex circiter 1.5 m altus, ramulis et inflorescentiis et subtus
foliis junioribus dense ferrugineo- ad cupreo-lepidotulis ; foliis
oblongis, petiolatis, chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, integris, usque ad
8 cm longis, brunneis vel olivaceis, basi acutis, apice distincte
sed obtuse acuminatis, utrinque minutissime puncticulatis, nervis
primariis utrinque circiter 12, tenuibus, indistinctis, interdum
subobsoletis ; inflorescentiis terminalibus, 2 ad 4 cm longis, pauci-
floris, tripinnatim paniculatis, floribus parvis, in ramulis ultimis
umbellatim dispositis; sepalis oblongo-ovatis, obtusis, circiter 1
mm longis, glandulosis, margine leviter ciliatis; petalis parce
glandulosis, circiter 3 mm longis.
A shrub about 1.5 m high, the young branchlets, lower surface
of the younger leaves, and the inflorescences densely and min-
utely ferruginous- to cupreous-lepidulote, the very old leaves glab-
rous or nearly so. Branches terete, grayish-brown, rugose,
glabrous. Leaves alternate, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, oblong,
4 to 8 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, entire, brownish or olivaceous
and more or less shining when dry, base acute, apex distinctly but
bluntly acuminate, the midrib usually impressed on the upper
surface, prominent on the lower surface, both surfaces very
minutely and obscurely puncticulate ; primary lateral nerves
about 12 on each side of the midrib, very slender, usually obscure,
often nearly obsolete ; petioles about 5 mm long, ultimately glab-
rous, when young densely cupreous-lepidote. Panicles termi-
154870 4
116 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
nal, 2 to 4 cm long, bipinnately paniculate, few-flowered, densely
cupreous-lepidote, the primary branches few, 1 cm long or less,
the flowers umbellately arranged on the ultimate branchlets, their
pedicels 3 mm long or less. Sepals oblong, obtuse, about 1 mm
long, not at all imbricate, margins minutely ciliate, glandular-
punctate. Petals glabrous, oblong-ovate, subacute, sparingly
glandular, about 3 mm long. Styles not at all exserted.
Sarawak, Mount Poe, Foxworthy 375, 386 (type), June 3, 1908, near
the summit, altitude about 1,700 meters; Mount Santubong, Native collector
2227 Bur. Sci.
In the group of comparatively few species to which this form pertains,
it is well characterized by its small inflorescences but more especially by its
ferruginous to cupreous lepidote indumentum.
ARDISIA HOSEI sp. nov. § Acrardisia.
Arbor glabra, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis oblongis ad
oblongo-lanceolatis, chartaceis, olivaceis, usque ad 20 cm longis,
acuminatis, basi acutis, utrinque perspicue glandulosis, nervis
primariis utrinque 15 ad 18, tenuibus; inflorescentiis termina-
libus, pedunculatis, 10 ad 12 cm longis, bipinnatim paniculatis,
paucifloris; floribus magnis, apertis circiter 2.5 cm diametro,
racemose dispositis, pedicellis 1 ad 1.3 cm longis; sepalis sub
anthesin apertis, hand imbricatis, oblongo-obovatis ad obovato-
ellipticis, obtusis, glabris, perspicue nigro-punctatis, in alabastro
valde imbricato; petalis circiter 1.2 mm longis, obtusis, glan-
duloso-punctatis, oblongo-ellipticis.
A glabrous tree, the branches and branchlets terete, reddish-
brown, sparingly glandular-punctate. Leaves alternate, charta-
ceous, olivaceous, slightly shining, oblong to oblong-lanceolate,
13 to 20 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, base acute, apex somewhat
acuminate, the acumen blunt, both surfaces conspicuously and
rather densely glandular-punctate, the glands all alike in size,
margins entire; primary lateral nerves 15 to 18 on each side
of the midrib, slender, sometimes scarcely more prominent than
are the secondary nerves; petioles 1 to 1.8 cm long. Panicles
terminal, bipinnate, few-flowered, peduncled, 10 to 12 cm long,
the flowers racemosely arranged on the ultimate branches, the
pedicels 1 to 1.3 cm long. Flowers unusually large for the genus,
when spread about 2.5 cm in diameter. Sepals in bud strongly
imbricate, in anthesis spreading, not at all imbricate, oblong-
obovate to elliptic-obovate, entirely glabrous, conspicuously black-
glandular, rounded or obtuse. Corolla-lobes nearly free, about
12 mm long, 5 mm wide, obtuse, glandular, oblong-elliptic. Fila-
xiii, c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants H7
merits about 3 mm long; anthers oblong-lanceolate, subcaudate-
acuminate, 5 to 6 mm long, the connectives sparingly glandular.
Sarawak, Baram District, Marudi, Hose 585, April, 1905.
This species is well characterized by its unusually large flowers, in the
characters of these differing entirely from Ardisia polyactis Mez, to which
it is apparently most closely allied; in vegetative characters it closely
approximates Mez’s species.
OLEACEAE
LINOCIERA Swartz
LI NOCI ERA MACROBOTRYS sp. nov.
Frutex glaber, ramulis laevis, teretibus, rubro-brunneis ; foliis
coriaceis, oblongis, subolivaceis, utrinque subconcoloribus, nitidis,
usque ad 6 cm longis, subtus minute puncticulatis, utrinque acutis
vel apice obscure acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 6, tenuibus,
obscuris, interdum obsoletis vel subobsoletis, subtus leviter im-
pressis, reticulis obsoletis; inflorescentiis usque ad 15 cm longis,
amplis, multifloris, laxis, ramis inferioribus usque ad 9 cm longis
quadripinnatim paniculatis ; floribus tenuiter pedicellatis, 4-meris,
circiter 4 mm longis, petalis basi leviter connatis, oblongis,
obtusis.
A shrub 2 m high fide Foxworthy, entirely glabrous in all parts,
the branches terete, smooth, reddish-brown, sometimes slightly
glaucous. Leaves coriaceous, oblong, 5 to 6 cm long, 2 to 2.5 cm
wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and apex, or the
apex slightly acuminate, margins usually recurved, entire, when
dry subolivaceous to brownish-olivaceous, of about the same color
and shining on both surfaces, the lower surface minutely puncti-
culate, the midrib impressed on the upper surface, somewhat
prominent on the lower surface; lateral nerves very slender,
obscure, sometimes obsolete or nearly so, about 6 on each side
of the midrib, not anastomosing, the reticulations obsolete, often
very slightly impressed on the lower surface; petioles about 5
mm long. Panicles terminal and lateral, ample, 4-pinnately
paniculate, up to 15 cm in length, branched from near the base,
the lower branches up to 9 cm in length, lax, many-flowered, the
bracts deciduous, about 3 mm long, the rachis and branches
reddish-brown when dry. Flowers yellowish, brown when dry,
4-merous, about 2 mm long, their pedicels 2 to 3 mm in length.
Calyx-teeth triangular-ovate, acute,' 0.5 mm long. Petals some-
what united, oblong, obtuse. Anthers 1.2 mm long, the connec-
tives very broad.
118 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
Sarawak, Mount Poe, Foxwortliy 369 (type), 290, June 3, 1908 in
forests on the upper slopes of the mountain, altitude 1,500 to 1,700 meters,
with the Dyak name bai'ungian batu.
The striking characters of this species are its small, coriaceous, very
obscurely nerved, non-reticulate leaves, and its unusually large panicles.
It does not seem to be closely allied to any other described Malayan species.
LI NOCI ERA OLIGANTH A sp. nov.
Arbor glabra, vel bracteolis calycibusque parcissime pubescent-
ibus, ramis ramulisque pallidis, teretibus ; foliis oblongis, charta-
ceis ad subcoriaceis, usque ad 15 cm longis, in siccitate laevis,
pallidis, nitidis, apice acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque cir-
citer 8, tenuibus, supra saepe obsoletis vel subobsoletis, subtus
leviter prominulis, reticulis obsoletis vel subobsoletis; inflores-
centiis axillaribus, spiciformibus, solitariis vel binis, usque ad
1.5 cm longis, paucifloris; floribus circiter 5.5 mm longis, 4-meris,
petalis involutis.
A tree, glabrous throughout or the bracteoles and calyces
very obscurely pubescent. Branches and branchlets terete,
slender, smooth, pale. Leaves opposite, oblong, chartaceous to
subcoriaceous, eglandular, smooth, pale, and shining when dry,
10 to 15 cm long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the
acute base and to the prominently but blunt-acuminate apex,
the midrib impressed on the upper surface, somewhat prominent
on the lower surface; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of
the midrib, slender, not prominent, often obsolete or subobsolete
on the upper surface, slightly projecting on the lower surface,
obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations lax, indistinct, often
obsolete or nearly so; petioles pale, stout, 4 mm long or less.
Inflorescences spike-like, simple, axillary, solitary or in pairs,
few-flowered, 5 to 15 mm long, all parts except the pale bracteoles
dark-brown when dry, the bracteoles ovate, 1.2 mm long, usually
slightly pubescent. Flowers opposite, subsessile, 5 to 5.5 mm
long, 4-merous. Calyx-lobes broadly ovate, rounded, 0.4 mm
long, often obscurely pubescent. Petals 4.5 mm long, slightly
united at the base, oblong, involute, obtuse, glabrous. Filaments
very short; anthers elliptic, about 1 mm long. Ovary glabrous.
British North Borneo, Villamil 385 (type), June, 1917. I am also
disposed to refer to this species Hose 55U from Mount Trekan, Baram
District, Sarawak, July, 1895, which closely resembles the type, differing
in its even shorter inflorescences and more distinctly nerved leaves.
The alliance of this species is manifestly with Linociera montana
(Blume) DC. of Java, from which it is distinguished, among other char-
acters, by its slender lateral nerves being distinctly raised on the lower
surface of the leaves.
xni, c, 2 Merrill: Netv Species of Bornean Plants H9
Ll NOCI ERA VERRUCULOSA sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 10 m alta, ramulis et inflorescentiis plus minusve
subferrugineo-pubescens ; folils subcoriaceis, oblongis, usque ad
24 cm longis, breviter et abrupte subapiculato-acuminatis, basi
acutis, in siceitate brunneis, nitidis, laevis, eglandulosis ; nervis
lateralibus utrinque 10 ad 12, supra impressis, subtus prominulis,
anastomosantibus, reticulis laxissimis; paniculis lateralibus, 6
ad 8 cm longis, pubescentibus, bi- vel tripinnatis, floribus in
ramulis subspicatim dispositis, 4-meris, calycis ovoideis, 1.2 mm
longis; fructibus ellipsoideis, in siceitate atro-brunneis, junioribus
circiter 1.3 cm longis, perspicue verrucosis.
A tree about 10 m high, the branchlets and inflorescences more
or less ferruginous- or subferruginous-pubescent. Branches
grayish, smooth, terete, the branchlets pale-brownish. Leaves
oblong, subcoriaceous, 20 to 24 cm long, 7 to 8 cm wide, brown
and shining when dry, somewhat paler on the lower surface than
the upper, smooth, eglandular, the base acute, the apex abruptly
and broadly subapiculate, the midrib and nerves impressed on
the upper surface, prominent on the lower surface, the nerves
10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing,
the reticulations very lax; petioles 1 to 1.2 cm long. Panicles
lateral, 6 to 8 cm long, peduncled or branched from near the
base, bi- or tripinnate, the flowers subspicately crowded on the
ultimate branchlets, 4-merous, subsessile or very shortly pedi-
celled, the bracts pubescent, 1.5 mm long or less. Calyx ovoid,
about 1.2 mm long, the lobes ovate, obtuse, pubescent, 0.8 mm
long. Corolla not seen. Fruits (immature) when dry blackish-
brown, ellipsoid, about 1.3 cm long, very prominently verrucose,
their pedicels about 2 mm long, much thicker than long.
British North Borneo, in forests along the Kalabakan River, Villamil
22U, September 26, 1916, altitude about 3 meters.
This species is strikingly characterized by its prominently verrucose
fruits, all other species of the genus known to me having smooth fruits.
In vegetative characters it closely resembles Lino tier a callophylla (Blume)
Knobl., as I have interpreted the latter from the short and imperfect
description, and is also similar to “IV, A, 120” in cultivation in the Botanic
Garden at Buitenzorg, Java, from Sumatra; the latter bears an unpub-
lished name of Scheffer’s, and Boldingh 6 has erroneously referred it to
Chionanthus ramiflora Roxb., with which it has little in common. It is
suspected that this specimen will prove to be the same as Linociera callo-
phylla Knobl.
‘Cat. Herb. Hort. Bogor. (1914) 152.
120 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
GENTIANACEAE
GENTIAN A Linnaeus
GENTIAN A CLEM ENTIS sp. nov.
Species G. atkinsonii Burkill valde affinis, differt foliis paullo
minoribus, floribus paullo brevioribus, corollae lobis haud reticu-
latis, acutis.
A caespitose, perennial, glabrous plant 10 cm high or less,
from stout, elongated, perpendicular roots, the basal leaves rosu-
late, the flowering branches up to 6 cm in length, spreading or
ascending, several from each plant, leafless or with but one pair
of leaves in addition to those subtending the flowers. Basal
leaves 3 to 5 cm long, 4 to 6 mm wide, coriaceous, shining, sessile,
lanceolate, acuminate, the midrib prominent, those on the flower-
ing branches similar to the cauline ones but smaller. Flowers
pale-purplish, sessile or subsessile, 2 to 4 at the apex of each
branch, subtended by a whorl of 2 to 4 bract-like leaves. Calyx-
tube 6 to 8 mm long, narrowed below, the teeth lanceolate,
acuminate, 3 to 4 mm long. Corolla about 2.3 cm long, the
lobes oblong-ovate, acute, 5 mm long, the tube narrowed below,
plicate, the alternating small lobes triangular-acute, about 1 mm
long. Stamens about as long as the corolla-tube ; style recurved,
3 mm long.
British North Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Paka Cave to Low’s Peak
and Paka Cave to Lobang, Mrs. Clemens 10703 (type), 10650, November
13 and 15, 1915, in wet ground, associated with Potentilla, altitude 2,400
to 4,000 meters.
This is the third representative of the genus to be found in Borneo, the
other two being known only from Mount Kinabalu, and both of them
represented in Mrs. Clemens’s collection. It is a distinct Asiatic type
and is very closely allied to Gentiana atkinsonii Burkill, a species known
only from Loh Fau Mountain, Kwangtung Province, China, of which I have
a topotype ( Merrill 10326). It so strongly resembles Burkill’s species
that had the specimens described above been collected on Loh Fau Mountain
it is very probable that botanists generally would have referred them to
Gentiana atkinsonii Burkill as a somewhat reduced form. The Kinabalu
specimens differ from Burkill’s specimens in the small size of the plants,
the shorter flowering branches, smaller leaves, and somewhat smaller
flowers.
ASCLEPIADACEAE
CEROPEGI A Linnaeus
CEROPEGI A BORNEENSIS sp. nov.
Herba scandens, glabra, ramulis teretibus; foliis membran-
aceis, oblongis ad oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 10 cm longis, acutis vel
acute-acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel subtruncatis, nervis utrin-
xiii, c, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 121
que 4 vel 5, distantibus ; cymis axillaribus, tenuiter pedunculatis,
paucifioris ; floribus 5 ad 7 cm longis, curvatis, corollae tubo infra
leviter inflato deinde constricto, lobis lanceolatis, acuminatis,
circiter 2 cm longis, supra cohaerentibus.
A scandent, rather slender, herbaceous plant, the stems terete,
twining. Leaves opposite, membranaceous, generally oblong,
sometimes oblong-ovate, rather pale and shining when dry, the
apex acute to acutely acuminate, base rounded to subtruncate,
the lateral nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, curved,
distant, rather distinct; petioles 1.5 to 2.5 cm long. Cymes ax-
illary, few-flowered, their peduncles 5 to 7 cm long. Flowers
5 to 7 cm long, white or yellowish-white and purplish, the pedicels
2 to 3 cm in length. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, acuminate,
glabrous, 3 mm long. Corolla-tube pubescent within, somewhat
inflated at the base, then constricted, somewhat curved, again
inflated above the constriction, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate,
about 2 cm long, cohering by their apices. Follicles slender,
terete, about 25 cm long, curved.
British North Borneo, Khota Balud to Kibayo, trail to Mount Kinabalu,
Mrs. Clemens 9810 (type), Topping 1490, October 28, 1915, in thickets
along the trail.
The genus Ceropegia is poorly represented in Malaya, this being the first
one to be reported from Borneo. The flowers are much larger than are
those of the Philippine Ceropegia cumingiana Decne. or of the Javan
C. curviflora Hassk.
RUBIACEAE
XANTHOPHYTUM Blume
XANTHOPHYTUM I N VOLUCR ATU M sp. nov.
Frutex erectus, foliis junioribus subtus dense adpresse sub-
ferrugineo-pilosus ; foliis chartaceis vel submembranaceis, oblong-
is ad oblongo-oblanceolatis, usque ad 18 cm longis, utrinque acu-
minatis, longe petiolatis, nervis utrinque circiter 15, perspicuis;
stipulis latissime ovatis, acuminatis, usque ad 1.8 cm longis; in-
florescentiis subcapitatis, axillaribus, pedunculatis, bracteis brac-
teolisque magnis numerosis involucriformibus instructis.
An erect shrub, the younger leaves densely appressed pilose
beneath, the indumentum subferruginous, shining, the sparse in-
dumentum on the older parts ferruginous to castaneous, the
branches and branchlets somewhat 4-angled. Leaves chartaceous
to submembranaceous, oblong to oblanceolate, 13 to 18 cm long,
3.5 to 6 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acuminate base
and apex, olivaceous, the upper surface smooth, glabrous, the
lower somewhat pubescent on the midrib, nerves, and reticula-
122
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
tions; lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, distinct,
dark-brown in contrast to the paler surface; petioles 3 to 6 cm
long; stipules very broadly ovate, subpersistent, up to 1.8 cm
long and 1.4 cm wide, striate. Inflorescences axillary, solitary,
peduncled, subcapitate, in fruit up to 1.5 cm in diameter without
the bracts, the peduncles about 1.5 cm long; bracts subtending
the heads ovate, up to 15 mm long and 10 mm wide, somewhat
pubescent, the bracteoles in general elliptic, up to 5 mm long
and 2.5 mm wide. Fruits subglobose, about 3 mm in diameter,
somewhat ferruginous- or castaneous-hirsute, their pedicels up
to 3 mm in length.
Sarawak, Sadong, Mount Merinjak, Native collector 2591 Bur. Sci.,
February-June, 1914.
This species, not radically different from Xanthophytum fruticulosum
Blume in vegetative characters, is well characterized by its large stipules
and its peduncled, solitary, subcapitate, involucrate inflorescences.
THE PHILIPPINE BUREAU OF SCIENCE
RECENT PUBLICATIONS
AN INTERPRETATION OF RUMPHIUS’S HERBARIUM AMBOINENSE
By E. D. Merrill
Based on the collections made in Amboina by the late Charles Budd
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actual “types” of many binomials. As an original source the
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Professor Merrill’s interpretation of the Herbarium Ambo-
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A GRAMMAR OF LEPANTO IGOROT AS IT IS SPOKEN AT BAUCO
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MERRILL, E. D. New species of Bornean plants 67
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THE PHILIPPINE
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PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
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THE PHILIPPINE
Journal of Science
C. Botany
VOL. XIII MAY, 1918 No. 3
NOTES ON THE FLORA OF LOH FAU MOUNTAIN, KWANGTUNG
PROVINCE, CHINA
By E. D. Merrill1
( From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science,
Manila)
In 1916 I spent the period from October 13 to November 9
in prosecuting field work in botany in Kwangtung Province,
working chiefly in the immediate vicinity of Canton, with a few
days’ trip to Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan). The trip was
made possible through the interest of Doctor Walter T. Swingle,
of the United States Department of Agriculture, and one of its
objects was to encourage the authorities at the Canton Christian
College to undertake the formation of a local herbarium and
to initiate some work in a botanical exploration of Kwangtung
Province in connection with the course in agriculture that was
being developed in that institution. The idea of developing
botanical work in the Canton Christian College was encouraged
for the reason that through such work we could reasonably
expect to secure in the future not only botanical material from
the less-explored parts of Kwangtung Province, but also seeds
and living plants of valuable economic species.
Mr. G. Weidman Groff, of the Canton Christian College, was
deeply interested in the project but, on account of his pending
departure for the United States on leave, the matter of develop-
ing the work devolved on Mr. C. O. Levine, who had recently
accepted an appointment in the college. With such information
as I could impart to Mr. Levine in the short time that I was in
Canton as a basis for the work, he took up the project with
great enthusiasm, and as one result has had collected and sub-
155562
1 Professor of botany, University of the Philippines.
123
124 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
mitted to me for identification more than 1,800 numbers of plants
in slightly more than one year. The local herbarium established
as a result of my visit is rapidly expanding and bids fair to
prove a most valuable adjunct to the work of the college.
Through the continued interest of Doctor Swingle it was
possible for me to repeat the trip in 1917, utilizing for
the purpose my annual leave, as I had done in 1916. As a
result of the two trips I have been able to spend the periods
from October 13 to November 9, and from August 9 to August
27 in prosecuting field work in botany in Kwangtung Province.
The work has resulted not only in the accumulation of consider-
able collections of botanical material, but the collections have
yielded representatives of about seventy-five species not pre-
viously recorded from Kwangtung Province, including about
thirty that are presumably new to science.
In a previous paper 1 2 based on collections made by me in 1916
I recorded about twenty-three species as new to the Kwangtung
flora, describing six as new. The present paper is in the nature
of a continuation of the first one, but is based chiefly on the
collections made by me on Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan),
August 9 to 27, 1917, supplemented by material secured by Mr.
Levine in the same locality and collected at the same time, and
includes some material secured by Mr. Levine at other localities
in Kwangtung Province.
Loh Fau Mountain was selected as the base for field work not
only because it is one of the highest mountains in Kwangtung
Province, and because a botanical exploration of the region pro-
mised to yield considerable of interest, but also because of the
fact that various American and European residents of Canton
had established there a summer camp. By utilizing the facilities
provided by this camp, the matter of prosecuting field work was
greatly simplified. Moreover, the location of the camp at an
altitude of approximately 1,000 meters rendered it possible for
us to explore the more interesting floristic regions, which are
located chiefly in the deep forested ravines at higher altitudes,
with a minimum loss of time and effort. Most of our field work
was prosecuted on the upper parts of the mountain, but trips
were made to the base at So Liu Koon and at Wa Shau T’oi,
as in the vicinity of the monasteries at these two places con-
siderable low-altitude forested areas still exist. In the period
from August 9, the date of our arrival at the camp, to August
1 Merrill, E. D., Notes on the flora of Kwangtung Province, China, Philip.
Journ. Sci. 12 (1917) Bot. 99-116.
xm, c, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 125
28, the date of our departure on the return trip to Canton, I
made a collection aggregating 544 numbers, independent of the
extensive collections made by Mr. Levine in the same period.
Among the results of eighteen days’ actual field work has
been the accrediting of representatives of the following genera
to the Kwangtung flora, none of them having previously been
recorded from that Province : Coniogramme, Hypolepis, Botrych-
ium, Polytoca, Agrostis, Herminium, Skimmia, Tristylium, Epilo-
bium, and Brandisia; the list may be increased by the addition
of Alnus, of which sterile specimens, not in condition for further
identification, were secured. A total of fifty-three species is here
recorded from Kwangtung Province for the first time, including
twenty-four that I have described as new.
The results secured indicate, as might be expected, that aP
though about 2,575 different species of Pteridophyta and Sperm a-
tophyta are now known from Kwangtung Province, extensive
additions to the known flora are to be expected as the result
of intensive field work in any of the lesser known areas, es-
pecially in the mountainous regions. Loh Fau Mountain is in-
dicated by Messrs. Dunn and Tutcher 3 as one of the areas that
is botanically explored, yet the short period that I was able to
utilize in field work there in 1917, and the few days spent there
in the previous year, have yielded material on which a relatively
large number of species have been recorded as additions to the
known flora of the province. A glance at the map accompany-
ing their publication will at once reveal the fact that the greater
part of Kwangtung Province has scarcely been visited, much
less explored, by any botanist or collector. The work carried
on by Mr. Levine so far, chiefly at low altitudes in the immediate
vicinity of Canton, and in a region well-known botanically, con-
tinues to yield additions to the known flora. While it is true
that continued field work in Kwangtung Province will yield mate-
rial that will to a large degree duplicate collections already made,
still such collections are necessary to give us an adequate con-
ception of the characters of the flora, the range of the species,
their relative abundance, their range of variation, their native
names, and their economic uses. Southern China may justly be
classed with those parts of the world that are very inadequately
explored, and it will take intensive work over a period of many
years before we are in a position properly to judge the extent
of its flora. At the present time we can hardly state that more
than a good start has been made in this direction. It is scarcely
* Fl. Kwangtung and Hongkong, Kew Bull. Add. Series 10 (1912) 1-370.
126 The Philippine Journal of Science i9is
to be expected that the Chinese themselves have the necessary
interest and training to accomplish much in working up the
botany of China, and for the present, at least, such work as
is done must of necessity be largely accomplished by the foreign
residents. The local resident who has an interest in the study
of the natural sciences is as a rule infinitely better located to
secure productive results than is the casual visitor or explorer
who has but a limited amount of time to devote to field work;
here as in other subtropical and tropical countries field work
must be carried on in all months of the year, and in this respect
the local resident always has the advantage of position. It is
greatly to be desired that the botanical work on the flora of
Kwangtung be continued and that botanical exploration be
extended to the more remote and inaccessible parts of the
province.
POLYPODIACEAE
ATHYRIUM Roth
ATHYRIUM WICHURAE (Mett.) comb. nov.
Asplenium wichurae Mett. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1866) 237.
Diplazium wichurae Diels in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. I4
(1899) 226.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10988,
Levine 1481, August 16, 1917, on damp shaded* banks in deep ravines, altitude
1,000 to 1,100 meters.
This species, previously known from Japan, China, and Formosa, has
not before been reported from Kwangtung Province. Except in its creep-
ing rhizomes it closely resembles Athyrium bulbiferum (Brack.) ( Dipla-
zium bulbiferum Brack.; Athyrium pinnatum Copel., non Allantodia
pinnata Blanco). I follow Copeland in treating Diplazium as congeneric
with Athyrium, as in examining a large series of specimens it becomes
evident that the two genera cannot be retained as distinct on account of
the very numerous intermediate forms; it is sufficiently difficult always to
distinguish between Athyrium and Asplenium, yet the number of inter-
grades between the latter are few in comparison with those between
Athyrium and Diplazium.
The synonymy of the following Formosan species is here adjusted:
ATHYRIUM TEN U ISSI MUM (Hayata) comb. nov.
Nephrolepis tenuissima Hayata Ic. PI. Form. 4 (1914) 202, /. 137.
Athyrium obtusifolium Rosenst. in Hedwigia 56 (1915) 335.
Formosa, Arisan, Ito 66, October, 1910, Faurie 364, May, 1914 (cotype
of Athyrium obtusifolium Rosenst.).
This species is manifestly an Athyrium with dryopteroid sori and is
closely allied to Athyrium macrocarpum (Blume) Milde. The species as
described by Hayata ( Nephrolepis tenuissima Hayata) is identical with
Athyrium obtusifolium Rosenst., but Hayata’s name being the older is here
XIII, C, 3
Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain
127
adopted under its proper genus; Hayata’s type was also from Arisan. It
may be mentioned here that Lycopodium fauriei Rosenst. (1915) is identical
with Lycopodium tereticaule Hayata (1914).
CONIOGRAMME Fee
CON IOGRAM M E FRAXINEA (Don) Diels in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflan-
zenfam. 1 4 (1899) 262.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10866,
Levine 1485, August 25, 1917, in thickets, slopes of damp shaded ravines,
altitude about 1,000 meters; abundant locally.
Japan to Madagascar, tropical Australia, and Polynesia; not previously
recorded from Kwangtung Province.
HYPOLEPIS Bernhardi
HYPOLEPIS PUNCTATA (Thunb.) Mett. in Kuhn Fil. Afr. (1868) 120.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Levine 1466,
August 15, 1917, scattered in damp forested ravines, altitude about 1,000
meters.
This widely distributed species does not appear to be recorded from
Kwangtung Province; it is placed by C. Christensen in the genus Dryopteris,
as D. punctata (Thunb.) C. Chr.
LOXOGRAMME Presl
UOXOGRAM M E FAURIEI Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 11 (1916) Bot.
45, t. 1, f. 5.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10341,
10740, October 28, 1916, August 18, 1917, on wet cliffs and boulders in
damp shaded ravines, altitude 1,000 to 1,050 meters.
This form is probably included by Dunn & Tutcher in Gymnogramme
lanceolata Hook. = Loxo gramme lanceolata (Sw.) Presl, a species of the
Mascarene Islands and one that does not extend to China. For the Indo-
Malayan form commonly identified as Loxogramme lanceolata, Copeland
has proposed the name Loxogramme malayana Copel. The Kwangtung
specimens have distinctly long-stipitate fronds and certainly represent the
Formosan species described by Copeland as Loxogramme fauriei, and are
not referable to Loxogramme malayana Copel.
Loxogramme linearis Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 1 (1916) Bot. 45,
t. 2, f. 8 is identical with Loxogramme r emote- frondigerum Hayata Ic. PI.
Formos. 5 (1915) 323 ( Polypodium remote-frondigerum Hayata 1. c. f. 135,
A-B) and should be reduced to the latter.
PLAGIOGYRI A Mettemus
PLAGIOGYRI A CHRISTII Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 153.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10669,
August 17, 1917, in damp shaded ravines along small streams, altitude
about 1,100 meters; rare.
The specimen is an excellent match for the type of Copeland’s species,
the pinnae being rather more distant than in the Philippine specimens.
128 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
Previously known only from the mountains of Mindoro and Mindanao in
the Philippines.
PLAGIOGYRIA ADNATA (Blume) Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. (1865) t. 51.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 1111k,
August 12, 1917, in damp shaded ravines, altitude about 1,000 meters.
The specimens have distinctly 4-angled stipes and conform well with
Malayan and Philippine specimens of this species. From Copeland’s de-
scription it cannot be the same as Plagiogyria tenuifolia Copel. ( Lomaria
matthewii Christ) , the only representative of the genus previously reported
from Kwangtung Province.
POLYPODIUM Linnaeus
POLYPODIUM OLIGOLEPIDUM Baker in Gard. Chron. II 14 (1880). 494;
Takeda in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 8 (1915) 276, cum descr. !
Polypodium kawakamii Hayata in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23 (1909) 77, Ic.
PI. Formos. 5 (1915) 318, /. 130.
Polypodium arisanense Rosenst. in Hedwigia 56 (1915) 347.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10221,
1058k, Levine I486, October, 1916, and August, 1917, on ledges and boulders
in damp shaded ravines, altitude 900 to 1,050 meters.
This form was included by Dunn and Tutcher in Polypodium lineare
Thunb., and has been indicated by Christ as a variety of Thunberg’s species;
it is certainly distinct from Poly podium lineare Thunb. The Kwangtung
specimens agree perfectly with the original description of Tlayata’s species,
with his additional data and figure, and with* Formosan specimens from
Arisan, Kawakamii, Shimada & Ito 19 !, Faurie k72l, the latter a cotype
of Polypodium arisanense Rosenst.
POLYPODIUM H ANCOCKI I Baker in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 106.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10956,
August 24, 1917, on forested slopes of damp ravines, altitude about 1,000
meters; very rare, but three specimens seen.
This species has previously been reported only from Formosa, the Kwang-
tung specimens agreeing with the description and with Formosan material.
I do not agree with Takeda’s disposition of the species, who places it as a
synonym of Polypodium pteropus Blume.
PTERIS Linnaeus
PTERIS FAURIEI Hieron. in Hedwigia 55 (1914) 345.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10158,
1066k, October, 1916, and August, 1917, on talus slopes in damp ravines,
altitude 900 to 1,050 meters; Teng Woo Mountain, Levine & Groff 50,
November 18, 1916.
This species is one of the numerous ones segregated by Hieronymus from
the collective Pteris quadriaurita Retz., and was probably included by Dunn
& Tutcher in Pteris biaurita Linn., from which it is very distinct. Llierony-
mus based his species on material from Formosa, Oshima, and Amoy.
xiii. c, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fan Mountain 129
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
BOTRYCH I U M Swartz
BOTRYCHIUM TERNATUM (Thunb.) Sw. in Schrad. Journ. 1800'
(1801) 111.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan) Merrill 11018,
August 16, 1917, in meadows in front of the ruined monastery at Put Wan
Tsz, altitude about 1,100 meters; very rare.
Japan to the Himalayan region; no representative of the genus has
been previously reported from Kwangtung Province.
GRAMINEAE
ANDROPOGON Linnaeus
ANDROPOGON FRAGILIS R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 202.
Kwangtung Province, White Cloud Mountain, near Canton, Levine 1145,
August 30, 1917.
This is the typical form of the species and conforms entirely with Banks
and Solander’s specimen, on which the species was based, a fragment of
which has been kindly communicated to me by Mr. J. H. Maiden, director
of the Botanic Garden, Sydney.
Var. SINENSIS Rendle in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36 (1904) 372.
Kwangtung Province, White Cloud Mountain, near Canton, Levine 1140,
August 28, 1917.
This form, which I at first considered to represent a distinct species,
approximates the type in all characters except in the sessile spikelet being
densely villous on the back in the lower one-half, the first glume of the
empty spikelet being glabrous in the type. The Philippine material referred
to Andropogon fragilis R. Br., with the exception of a single specimen,
and New Guinea material collected by King, differs from the type not only
in its smaller spikelets but also in having the rachis-joints and pedicels
of the sterile spikelets entirely glabrous, and will have to be distinguished
at least as a variety.
POLYTOCA R. Brown
POLYTOCA HETEROCLITA (Roxb.) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 10
(1915) Bot. 288.
Coix heteroclita Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. 2, 3 (1832) 572.
Polytoca bracte'ata R. Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. (1838) 20, t. 5.
Kwangtung Province, Wa Shau T’oi, at the base of Loh Fau Mountain
(Lofaushan), Merrill 10887, Levine 1571, August 20, 1917, on open grassy
slopes, altitude about 140 meters.
India to Burma, Tonkin, Java, and Mindanao; no representative of the
genus has hitherto been reported from China.
PASPALUM Linnaeus
PASPALUM LONGIFOLIUM Roxb. FI. Ind. 1 (1820) 283.
Kwangtung Province, Wa Shau T’oi, at the base of Loh Fau Mountain
(Lofaushan), Merrill 10792, August 20, 1917, on open grassy slopes, altitude
about 150 meters.
130 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
This form has usually four spikes, with the spikelets in several rows
on each partial inflorescence. It is unquestionably referable to Roxburgh’s
species as currently interpreted. India to Malaya, but not previously re-
ported from China.
OPLISMENUS Beauvois
OPLISMENUS UNDULATIFOLIUS (Ard.) Beauv. Agrost. (1812) 54.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 108U1,
August 24, 1917, on ledges along streams in deep ravines, altitude about
900 meters.
This species, which extends from southern Europe to Japan southward
to tropical Africa and Australia, has not previously been reported from
southern China.
GARNOTIA Brongniart
GARNOTIA STRICTA Brongn. Bot. Duperry’s Voy. (1829) 133, t. 21.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10313,
11080, October, 1916, and August, 1917, on ledges in torrent beds, altitude
about 1,000 meters.
The specimens come well within the range of variation of this widely
distributed species as interpreted by Hooker f. FI. Brit. Ind. 7 (1897) 243.
It has not previously been reported from China.
GARNOTIA BARBULATA (Nees) comb. nov.
Miquelia barbulata Nees in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl.
1 :178.
Garnotia patula Munro ex Benth. FI. Hongk. (1861) 416.
Berghausia patula Munro in Proc. Amer. Aca*d. 4 (1860) 262.
Kwangtung Province, Teng Woo Mountain, Levine & Groff 68, November
18, 1916.
This species, for which the oldest specific name is here adopted, is known
only from southern China.
GARNOTIA Cl LI AT A sp. nov.
Herba annua, 25 ad 40 cm alta, vaginis et foliis et spiculis
perspicue longe molliter ciliatis ; culmis erectis e basi decumben-
tis, 1 ad 1.5 mm diametro, glabris, nodis leviter ciliato-barbatis ;
foliis flaccidis, anguste lanceolatis, usque ad 11 cm longis et
9 mm latis, planis, acuminatis, utrinque parce sed molliter et
perspicue ciliatis; inflorescentiis usque ad 13 cm longis, ramis
strictis (junioribus), inferioribus usque ad 6 cm longis; spiculis
lanceolatis, acuminatis, glumis vacuis aequalibus, anguste lanceo-
latis, tenuiter acuminatis, 3-nerviis, parce ciliatis, gluma fertilis
obscurissime 1-nervia, 5 mm longa, apice tenuiter aristata.
An erect, simple, annual grass, 25 to 40 cm high, the culms
decumbent at the base and sometimes rooting at the lower nodes,
gregarious but scarcely caespitose, the culms glabrous, 1 to 1.5
mm in diameter, the nodes sparingly bearded with few, long,
xni, c, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 131
soft hairs. Leaves flaccid, plane, narrowly lanceolate, 8 to 11
cm long, 5 to 8 mm wide, acuminate, conspicuously ciliate on
both surfaces with scattered, soft, spreading, 2 to 3 mm long
hairs usually from papillate bases; sheaths with hairs similar
to those on the leaves, longer than the internodes, the upper
ones somewhat inflated; ligules less than 0.5 mm long, densely
and minutely ciliate. Panicles up to 13 cm in length, when
young more or less inclosed in the uppermost sheath, the branches
strict, ascending, the lower ones up to 6 cm in length. Spikelets
narrowly lanceolate, about 6 mm long, usually one sessile and
one pedicelled at each node, the rachis and branchlets angular,
scabrid. Empty glumes two, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 6
mm long and about 1 mm wide, 3-nerved, very slenderly acumi-
nate, sparingly ciliate with long, soft hairs. Flowering glume
hyaline, lanceolate, 5 mm long, very faintly 1-nerved, slightly
cleft at the apex, the awn slender, straight when wet, sometimes
slightly bent when dry, up to 1 cm in length.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10701,
August 25, 1917, on thin earth over boulders along streams, altitude 900
to 1,000 meters.
This species is somewhat allied to Garnotia stricta Brongn. but is readily
distinguished by its prominently ciliate leaves, sheaths, and more sparingly
ciliate empty glumes, the hairs being very slender, white or pale, spreading,
2 to 3 mm in length, and usually from papillate bases. It occurs only
in a very special habitat, on thin soil associated with mosses covering large
boulders and ledges which are not subject to overflow in times of flood.
It must be a short-lived plant, as on August 25, 1917, it was conspicuous
on boulders at our camp site, the plants a few days previous to this date
presenting no inflorescences; in October, 1916, the old dried remains of
the same species was observed in the same locality, but no specimens were
then prepared as the spikelets had all fallen and the plants were all withered
and dry.
AGROSTIS Linnaeus
AGROSTIS ELMERI Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 7.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 1092U,
August 16, 1917, in the wet sandy bottoms of drained pools, altitude about
1,000 meters; a few plants observed in a single restricted area.
The genus is new to Kwangtung Province, and I can see no reason for
considering the specimen cited above as representing other than a rather
slender form of Agrostis elmeri Merr., a species previously known only from
the higher mountains of the Philippines. The spikelets are distinctly
jointed below the empty glumes, but Mr. Hitchcock, of the United States
Department of Agriculture, calls my attention to, the fact that this character
is not uncommon in Agrostis, occurring even in the common Agrostis alba
Linn. The spikelets of this form are but about one-half as large as are
those of Agrostis hugoniana Rendle, to which Agrostis elmeri Merr. is
apparently allied.
132 The Philippine Journal of Science
CYPERACEAE
KYLLINGA Rottboell
KYLLINGA ODORATA Vahl, var. CYLINDRICA (Nees) Kiikenth. ex Mer.
in Journ. Str. Branch Roy. As. Soc. 76 (1917) 80.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10655,
Levine 1395, August 16 and 25, 1917, scattered on open grassy slopes,
altitude 1,100 meters.
This form, which is widely distributed in the tropics of the Old World,
has previously been reported from China only from Yunnan Province.
ELEOCH ARIS R. Brown
ELEOCHARIS TETRAQUETRA Nees in Wight Contrib. (1834) 113.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), at Wa Shau
T’oi, Merrill 10809, Levine 1U10, August 20, 1917, among grasses in swampy
places, altitude about 150 meters.
This species, which extends from India to Japan southward to tropical
Australia, has been reported from several parts of China, but not previously
from Kwangtung Province.
FI M BRISTYLIS Vahl
FI M BRISTYLIS HOOKERI AN A Boeck. in Linnaea 37 (1871) 22; Clarke
in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 6 (1893) 641.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10750,
August 12, 1917, on thin soil over boulders and ledges on open slopes,
altitude about 1,100 meters. The same species is represented by Levine
1202, from Chat Sing Kong, Honam Island, near Cbnton.
India and Cochinchina (Pierre!) ; not previously reported from China.
FI M BRISTYLIS ANNUA (All.) R. & S. Syst. 2 (1817) 95, var. TOMEN-
TOSA (Vahl) Kiikenthal in herb.
Honam Island, on the grounds of the Canton Christian College, Levine
1185, July 25, 1917.
This pubescent form of Fimbristylis annua- R. & S. ( F . diphylla Vahl)
agrees with Philippine material determined by Kiikenthal as the above
variety.
CAR EX Linnaeus
CAREX BAMBUSETORUM sp. nov. § Mitratae, Eumitratae.
Species C. rhynchachaenio affinis, differt scapis longioribus,
utriculis minoribus, glabris, acheniis multo minoribus, 2 mm
longis.
Rather densely tufted, the base clothed with the filiform rem-
nants of old sheaths. Leaves plane, scabrid, numerous, 20 to
30 cm long, 3 to 4.5 mm wide, pale, shining, tapering upward to
the long and slenderly acuminate apex. Scapes slender, about
13 cm long, each bearing about three pistillate spikelets and a
terminal staminate one, the bracts slender, 12 to 22 mm long,
sheathing in the lower 4 to 9 mm. Pistillate spikelets 1 to 1.4
cm long, lax, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, their pedicels slender, at
xni, c, 3
Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain
133
least 1 cm long, the glumes ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, slen-
derly acuminate by the excurrent midrib, pale, 2 to 3 mm long.
Utricles about 3 mm long, prominently ribbed, glabrous or nearly
so, somewhat flask-shaped, prominently beaked. Achenes 3-
angled, 2 mm long, rather prominently beaked, narrowed below
and above, the beak thick, cylindric, truncate, about 0.3 mm long.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10985,
August 12, 1917, on dry banks in ravines, in dense bamboo thickets, altitude
about 1,000 meters; very rare.
I was at first disposed to refer this to Carex rhynchachaenium Clarke,
of Luzon, which it closely resembles and to which it is closely allied. It
differs constantly from our full series of Philippine specimens in the
characters indicated in the diagnosis and is, I believe, specifically distinct.
CAREX DON I AN A Spreng. Syst. 3 (1826) 825.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10971,
Levine 1494, August 13, 1917, in swampy places in the shade of coarse
grasses and sedges, altitude about 1,050 meters; rare.
Although the spikelets are at most 1.5 cm long, I believe that this form
is referable to Sprengel’s species, which extends from India to Japan.
Kiikenthal does not recognize this form as specifically distinct, but treats
it as a variety of Carex japonica Thunb.
CAREX TE1NOGYN A Boott Illustr. Carex 1 (1858) 60, t. 158; Kiikenth.
in Engl. Pflanzenreich 38 (1909) 602, f. 102 F-H.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10178,
October 28, 1916, on moss-covered boulders in shaded stream beds in ravines,
locally very abundant, altitude about 1,100 meters.
The specimen cited above was referred by me to the allied Carex brunnea
Thunb., but Mr. Tutcher has called my attention to the fact that it is not
the same as Thunberg’s. species and suggested its identity with Boott’s
species. I have not seen the original description, but the specimen conforms
with Kiikenthal’s description and figure, and with Khasia specimens col-
lected by C. B. Clarke. The species occurs in India, with a variety in
Japan, but has not previously been reported from China. The plants
were very abundant and ' conspicuous in October, 1916, but none were in
evidence as late as August 27 the following year; they probably develop
very rapidly after the close of the rainy season.
ARACEAE
AGLAONEMA Schott
AGLAONEMA MODESTUM Schott ex Engl, in DC. Monog. Phan. 2 (1879)
442, Pflanzenreich 64 (1915) 29, /. 13, Arac. Exsic. no. 74, 258.
Aglaonema acutispathum N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 24 (1885) 39.
Kwangtung Province, near Canton, Levine 1167, May 1, 1917.
The specimen is of considerable interest from the standpoint of the
history of this species. It agrees perfectly with the descriptions and figures
of Schott’s species. The type ( Gaudichaud ) was supposed to have been
collected in Luzon, but although the regions that Gaudichaud visited in the
Archipelago are now all thoroughly well known botanically, this species
134 The Philippine Journal of Science i9is
has never been detected; the probabilities are very great that Gaudichaud’s
specimen came from Macao, where he also botanized, and not from the
Philippines. Doctor Gagnepain informs me that he was unable to locate
Gaudichaud’s specimen in the Paris herbarium. It is to be noted that in
the original description of the species Engler states “patria ignota.” The
type of Aglaonema acutispathum N. E. Br. was a specimen purchased in
Hongkong by Dr. Knaggs, and was thought to have come from the vicinity
of Canton; however, Brown" states that there is another specimen in the
Kew Herbarium labelled as having been brought from Shanghai by Dr.
Knaggs; he also states that it was cultivated in southern China, the basis
of this being Hance 1H59. At any rate, the species must now definitely
be credited to Kwangtung Province, at least as a cultivated plant, and
excluded from the Philippine list.
DIOSCOREACEAE
DIOSCOREA Linnaeus
DIOSCOREA PENTAPHYLLA Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 1032.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), at Wa Shau
T’oi, Merrill 10886, August 20, 1917, in thickets, altitude about 160 meters;
a sterile specimen; White Cloud Mountain, near Canton, Levine 1687,
September, 1917.
This species is widely distributed in tropical Asia and Malaya but has
not previously been reported from Kwangtung Province.
LILIACEAE
P ELI OS A NTH ES Andrews
PELIOSANTH ES STENOPHYLLA sp. nov.
Foliis numerosissimis, anguste lanceolatis, usque ad 27' cm
longis, 5 ad 10 mm latis, utrinque attenuatis, nervis 7 vel 9,
nervulis transversalibus obsoletis ; inflorescentiis usque ad 15 cm
longis, floribus cernuis, pallide purpureis, circiter 7 mm longis,
pedicellis binis vel trinis, 10 ad 12 mm longis, articulatis ; bracteis
scariosis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, inferioribus usque ad 2 cm
longis, superioribus minoribus.
Rootstock 5 mm in diameter or less, woody, covered with the
scarious basal portions of old leaves. Leaves numerous, up
to 30 or more on each plant, narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceo-
late, chartaceous, attenuate at both ends, the blades 13 to 27 cm
long, 5 to 10 mm wide, acuminate, sometimes slightly falcate,
the longitudinal veins 7 or 9, the transverse veinlets obsolete,
the very young leaves with broad, pale, scarious, deciduous
margins, these scarious margins more or less persistent on the
lower parts of the petioles and imbricately surrounding the
short stem, the petioles up to 7 cm in length. Scapes solitary,
erect, rather many-flowered, up to 15 cm in length, the flowers
" Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36 (1903) 185.
xin. c, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fan Mountain 135
pale-purple, nodding, somewhat campanulate, fascicled, usually
two or three from the axil of each bract, their pedicels slender,
10 to 12 mm long, jointed in the middle, the bracts scarious,
lanceolate, acuminate, the lower ones up to 2 cm in length, the
upper ones gradually shorter. Perianth-segments lanceolate,
acuminate, about 6 mm long, 2 to 2.5 mm wide. Anthers about
3 mm long, subsessile. Ovules 2 in each cell.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10757
(type), Levine 1613, August 16, 1917, widely scattered in damp shaded
ravines, altitude 900 to 1,000 meters.
This species is well characterized by its very numerous and unusually
narrow leaves, differing from all of the described species in the latter
character. It is entirely different from the only other species known from
Kwangtung Province, Peliosanthes macrostegia Hance, the type of which
was also from Loh Fau Mountain.
ORCHIDACEAE
HERMSNIUM Linnaeus
HERM1NIUM ANGUSTI FOLI U M (Lindl.) Benth. ex Hook. f. FI. Brit.
Ind. 6 (1890) 129.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 11121,
Levine 1479, August 15, 1917, widely scattered on open grassy slopes,
altitude 100 to 1,150 meters.
This genus has not previously been reported from Kwangtung Province.
The species extends from India to China and Formosa, the Philippines,
Java, and Timor.
PIPERACEAE
PEPEROM I A Ruiz & Pavon
PEPEROM I A REFLEXA A. Dietr. Sp. PI. 1 (1831) 180, forma CAPENSIS
Miq. Syst. Pip. (1843) 169.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10846,
August 24, 1917, on ledges among mosses in damp ravines, altitude about
900 meters.
Peperomia reflexa A. Dietr. has previously been reported from China,
but not from Kwangtung Province; it is widely distributed in the tropics
of the Old World.
MORACEAE
FICUS Linnaeus
FICUS RECTINERVIA sp. nov. § Eusyce.
Frutex ut videtur parvus, ramulis junioribus hirsutis, ramis
ramulisque cicatricibus multis notatis, internodiis brevissimis;
foliis brevissime petiolatis, subcoriaceis, lanceolatis ad lineari-
lanceolatis, usque ad 10 cm longis, glabris, laevis, nitidis, integris,
apice tenuiter acuminatis, basi obtusis et minute cordatis, mar-
gine revolutis, nervis utrinque circiter 20, patulis, rectis, dis-
136 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918
tinctis ; receptaculis ovoideis ad leviter obovoideis, glabris, usque
ad 15 mm longis, tenuiter pedunculatis.
An erect shrub, apparently of small size, glabrous except the
distinctly hirsute branchlets. Branches and branchlets dark
reddish-brown, rugose, marked with numerous, rather densely
arranged, petiolar scars, the internodes very short. Leaves lan-
ceolate to linear-lanceolate, subcoriaceous, smooth, shining, oliva-
ceous, brownish or somewhat greenish when dry, the lower
surface paler than the upper and distinctly puncticulate, the
apex slenderly acuminate, base obtuse and distinctly although
minutely cordate, the margins recurved ; lateral nerves spreading
at nearly right angles from the midrib, about 20 on each side,
straight, distinct, anastomosing directly with the somewhat
arched, longitudinal, submarginal nerves; petioles pubescent, 2
to 3 mm long; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, up to 4 mm in
length. Receptacles few, axillary, ovoid to somewhat obovoid,
about 15 mm long, somewhat narrowed below into a short pseudo-
stalk above the bracts, glabrous, the peduncles up to 12 mm in
length, sparingly pubescent, the three bracts at the apex of the
peduncle broadly triangular-ovate, acute, about 1 mm long.
Staminate flowers numerous but only in the upper part of the
receptacle, their pedicels 1 to 3 mm in length, the perianth-
segments 3, lanceolate, acuminate, brown, about 1 mm long.
Stamens 2, rarely 3, the anthers as long as the perianth-segments.
Gall flowers very numerous, their perianth-segments lanceolate,
acuminate, brown, 2 mm long. Ovary ovoid to obovoid, 1.2 mm
in diameter ; style very short. Fertile female flowers not seen.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Levine 331, Feb-
ruary 18, 1916, with no further data.
The alliance of this species is manifestly with Ficus pyriformis Hook.
& Arn., and F. stenophylla Hemsl., being much closer to the latter than
to the former. It may be distinguished from Hemsley’s species by its
larger, longer-peduncled receptacles, and its very differently nerved leaves,
which are distinctly but minutely cordate at the base; the distinct lateral
nerves are much more numerous than in Ficus stenophylla Hemsl. and
leave the midrib at nearly right angles.
URTICACEAE
PI LEA Lindley
PILEA SWINGLEI sp. nov.
Planta dioica, erecta, simplex vel parce ramosa, glabra, circiter
20 cm alta ; foliis in paribus leviter inaequalibus, membranaceis,
ovatis, usque ad 4 cm longis, basi rotundatis, 3-nerviis, apice
acutis vel leviter acuminatis, margine grosse serratis, dentibus
xhi.c, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fan Mountain 137
utrinque circiter 6, utrinque cystolithis linearibus irregulariter
dispositis instructis; inflorescentiis $ axillaribus, tenuibus, pe-
tiolo subaequantibus, floribus in capitulis paucis distantibus 2
ad 5 mm diametro dispositis.
An erect, simple or sparingly branched, succulent, glabrous,
dioecious herb about 20 cm high, the stipules, if any, caducous.
Stems weak when dry, slender. Leaves opposite, those of each
pair slightly unequal, ovate, membranaceous, greenish-olivaceous,
shining, 2.5 to 4 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, base rounded,
3-nerved, apex acute or somewhat acuminate, margins coarsely
serrate, about 6 prominent teeth on each side, the lateral nerves
reaching to about the upper three-fourths of the leaf, both sur-
faces with numerous, linear, irregularly disposed cystoliths; pe-
tioles slender, 1 to 2.5 cm long, that of the smaller leaf shorter
than the one of the larger leaf in each pair. Pistillate inflores-
cences axillary, slender, about as long as the petioles, each bear-
ing one or two, rarely three, heads of flowers and fruits 2 to 5
mm in diameter, the flowers not at all scorpoid in arrangement.
Pedicels about 1 mm long. Large perianth segment about 1
mm long, the other two minute. Achene subelliptic, compressed,
subacute, about 0.8 mm long.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 11036
(type), 10771, Levine 1806, at the bases of very wet cliffs in damp shaded
ravines, and under overhanging boulders on open slopes, altitude 900 to
1,100 meters, August 12 to 17, 1917.
This species somewhat resembles some forms of Pilea pumila A. Gray,
but differs totally from that species in its entirely different, non-scorpoid
inflorescences. The capitate arrangement of the flowers is characteristic,
LAURACEAE
N EOLITSEA Merrill
NEOLITSEA PULCHELLA (Meissn.) comb. nov.
Litsea pulchella Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 15 1 (1864) 224.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10239,
in flower, October 28, 1916, Merrill 10810, Levine 1319, in fruit, August 23,
1917, in damp forested ravines, altitude about 1,000 meters.
The type of Meissner’s species was from Hongkong, and from his
description it is evident that he saw no staminate flowers. In our material
the fertile stamens are six in number, and accordingly the species is
transferred to Neolitsea.
NEOLITSEA SUBCAUDATA sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 5 m alta, glabra; foliis alternis, chartaceis ad
subcoriaceis, oblongis ad lanceolatis, nitidis, apice tenuiter sub-
caudato-acuminatis, basi acutis, 3-nervis, utrinque nec profunde
138 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
sed dense subfoveolatis, usque ad 9 cm longis, subtus pallidis vel
glaucescentibus ; fructibus axillaribus, fasciculatis, pedicellatis,
subellipsoideis, circiter 8 mm longis.
A tree about 5 m high, entirely glabrous except the imbricate
axillary bud-scales (flowers not seen) . Branches and branchlets
terete, slender, brownish to nearly black when dry. Leaves alter-
nate, not at all pseudo-verticillate, chartaceous to subcoriaceous,
oblong to lanceolate, 5.5 to 9 cm long, 1.5 to 8.5 cm wide, pale
to olivaceous when dry, shining, the lower surface usually glau-
cous, both surfaces densely and shallowly subfoveolate, the base
acute, prominently 3-nerved, not at all 3-plinerved, the lateral
nerves extending nearly to the tip, the apex slenderly subcau-
date-acuminate, the acumen 1 to 1.5 cm long; petioles 1 cm long
or less. Flowers not seen. Fruits axillary, fascicled, numerous,
their pedicels somewhat thickened upward, up to 1 cm in length,
the immature fruits subellipsoid, about 8 mm long.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 11016
(type), Levine 1351, widely scattered in damp forested ravines, altitude
800 to 1,100 meters.
This species is well characterized by its alternate, shallowly and densely
foveolate, 3-nerved (not 3-plinerved), subcaudate-acuminate leaves, which
are glaucous on the lower surface. In aspect it somewhat resembles
Neolitsea pulchella Merr. but is distinguished by being entirely glabrous
(except the pubescent bud-scales), in its 3-nerved, not 3-plinerved, sub-
caudate-acuminate leaves, and in their strictly alternate, not pseudo-
verticillate, arrangement.
NEOLITSEA ? LEVIN El sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 6 m alta, ramulis et petiolis dense brunneo-
pubescentibus ; foliis verticillatis, coriaceis, oblongo-lanceolatis
ad oblongo-oblanceolatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, nitidis, basi
acutis, perspicue 3-plinerviis, nervis primariis supra basin utrin-
que 1, prominentibus, apice perspicue acuminatis, supra laevis,
nitidis, subtus albido-glaucescentibus ; fructibus e axillis defolia-
te, racemose dispositis, ellipsoideis, circiter 1.5 cm longis.
A tree about 6 m high, glabrous or nearly so -except for the
densely brown-pubescent branchlets and petioles, the branches
and branchlets terete. Leaves verticillately crowded at the tips
of the branchlets, 4 or 5 in a whorl, coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate
to oblong-oblanceolate, 15 to 20 cm long, 4.5 to 7 cm wide, base
acute, prominently 3-plinerved, the lateral nerves leaving the
midrib about 1 cm above the base, arched-anastomosing with the
other pair of lateral nerves in the upper three-fourths of the
leaf, the only other pair of lateral nerves leaving the midrib
in the upper two-thirds to three-fourths, the reticulations lax,
xiii, c, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 139
subparallel, prominent, the apex prominently acuminate, the up-
per surface smooth, glabrous, shining, pale-greenish to brownish-
olivaceous, the lower white-glaucescent in contrast to the brown
midrib, nerves, and reticulations; petioles about 1.5 cm long.
Infructescences lateral, 4 cm long or less, sparingly pubescent,
the rachis rugose, 1 to 1.5 cm long, the fruits racemosely dis-
posed, their pedicels somewhat thickened, about 1 cm long.
Fruits ellipsoid, somewhat rugose, about 1.5 cm long.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 11071
(type), Levine 1332, August 24, 1917, in damp forested ravines, altitude
800 to 1,000 meters.
I am by no means certain that this species belongs in the genus Neolitsea,
a point that can definitely be determined only when flowers are available.
It approaches Neolitsea in the verticillate arrangement of its leaves and
in their being prominently 3-plinerved, but this character is found in other
allied genera that are distinguished otherwise only by certain floral
characters. The leaves are unusually large for Neolitsea, and the species
may ultimately be found to belong in Lindera or in Actinodaphne.
ROSACEAE
RUBUS Linnaeus
RUBUS BUERGERI Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3 (1867) 86; Focke
in Bibl. Bot. 7 (1910) 114, /. 53.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill s. n.
August, 1917, on open grassy slopes about boulders, altitude about 900
meters.
This species is widely distributed in Japan, and is reported from Yunnan
by Focke. The Loh Fau specimen agrees closely with the description, with
Focke’s figure, and with authentically named Japanese material.
RUBUS FIMBRI1FERUS Focke in Bibl. Bot. 7 (1910) 80.
Kwangtung Province, Teng Woo Mountain, Levine & Groff H3, November
18, 1916.
The type of this species was a specimen from the Hongkong Herbarium
collected on the West River, Kwangtung Province. It is not included by
Dunn & Tutcher in their Flora of Kwangtung and Hongkong, and agrees
with none of the species admitted by them.
LEGUMINOSAE
M 1 LLETTI A Wight & Arnott
MILLETTIA DUN Nil sp. nov.
Frutex suberectus, ramis elongatis, arcuatis, inflorescentiis et
subtus foliis exceptis glaber ; ramis brunneis, teretibus, perspicue
lenticellatis ; foliis usque ad 35 cm longis, foliolis 11 ad 15, charta-
ceis, estipellatis, oblongis, usque ad 12 cm longis, breviter acumi-
natis, basi acutis ad obtusis, supra glabris, olivaceis vel olivaceo-
brunneis, nitidis, subtus pallidioribus, pubescentibus, nervis
155552 2
140 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
utrinque circiter 12, perspicuis; inflorescentiis racemosis, sub
fructu foliis subaequantibus ; leguminis crassis, ovoideis (1-
spermis) vel oblongis (2-spermis), glabris, acuminatis, 3 ad
6 cm longis, circiter 2.5 cm latis, valvis in vivo subcarnosis,
in siccitate crasse coriaceis, dense et perspicue lenticellato-
verruculosis.
A suberect shrub with elongated, arcuate branches up to 4 m
in length, apparently ultimately scandent, glabrous except the
inflorescences and the leaves. Branches terete, brownish, lenti-
cellate, glabrous. Leaves up to 35 cm in length, the petiole and
rachis glabrous, reddish-brown or dark-brown. Leaflets estipel-
late, oblong, chartaceous, 8 to 12 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide, apex
shortly acuminate, base acute to obtuse, the upper surface gla-
brous, shining, olivaceous or brownish-olivaceous, the lower sur-
face paler, rather densely pubescent with short, cinereous hairs ;
lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, impressed
on the upper surface, prominent beneath, curved, obscurely anas-
tomosing; petiolules dark-brown, rugose, 5 mm long or less;
stipels none. Racemes in fruit about as long as the leaves, spar-
ingly pubescent, lenticellate. Pods somewhat fleshy when fresh,
ovoid to oblong in outline (ovoid when 1-seeded, oblong when
2-seeded), 3 to 6 cm long, about 2.5 cm wide, acuminate, base
rounded, when fresh nearly as thick as wide, when dry distinctly
compressed, the valves when dry thickly coriaceous and very
prominently and densely verrucose-lenticellate, glabrous, tardily
dehiscent. Seeds (somewhat immature) about 1.5 cm in dia-
meter. ,
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), in thickets near
So Liu Koon, altitude about 200 meters, Merrill 10861 (type), Levine 1871,
August 13, 1917, locally known as ue tang tsai.
I was at first disposed to refer these specimens to Millettia oosperma
Dunn, to which the species is perhaps most closely allied, but they differ
radically from Dunn’s species in their more numerous leaflets (never 2-
jugate), and shorter, glabrous pods. The species is dedieated to Mr. S. T.
Dunn, late director of the Hongkong Botanic Garden and author of a
recent revision of the genus Millettia.
ALBIZZIA Durazzini
ALBIZZIA CORNICULATA (Lour.) comb. nov.
Mimosa corniculata Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 651.
Albizzia milletii Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1846) 89.
Caesalpinia lebbekkoides DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 483.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain at Wa Shau T’oi, Merrill 1100b;
vicinity of Canton, Levine 77b, 1158, 1578.
Loureiro’s type was from the vicinity of Canton, and his description
applies unmistakably to the form commonly known as Albizzia milletii
ini, c, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 141
Benth., for vWiich Mimosa corniculata Lour, supplies the oldest valid
specific name. The corniculate pulvinus subtending the petioles, from
which Loureiro took his specific name, is very characteristic of the species.
GLEDITSCHIA Scopoli
GLEDITSCHIA FERA (Lour.) comb. nov.
Mimosa fera Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 652.
Kwangtung Province, Honam Island, near Canton, Levine 1289, 1852,
September and November, 1917, with the Cantonese name tai yip ying.
These specimens, one of which I provisionally referred to Gleditschia
australis Hemsl., and the other to G. macracantha Desf., are both in fruit,
and both manifestly represent the same species. They agree closely with
Loureiro’s description, and I have no doubt that they present his species;
however he gives the Chinese name as tsao kie. The pods are about 20
cm long and 3 to 3.5 cm wide, straight or slightly curved, agreeing in
length with Loureiro’s description, but being about twice as long as are
those of G. australis Hemsl. I suspect that it is the Kwangtung form that
has been referred to Gleditschia macracantha Desf., but Desfontaine’s
description is so very short and imperfect that it is impossible to determine
from it alone what the true characters of his species are. Hemsley states
that G. macracantha Desf. has nearly quadrate flat seeds; the specimens
cited above have the seeds of Gleditschia australis Hemsl. The Cochinchina
form placed here by Loureiro may be the one referred by Gagnepain to G.
australis Hemsl.
RUTACEAE
SKIMMIA Thunberg
SKIMMIA JAPONICA Thunb. Nov. Gen. (1781-1801) 58.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 11056,
Levine 1361, August 11, 1917, in thickets, damp ravines, altitude about
1,100 meters.
This species extends from Japan to India southward to Formosa and
northern Luzon, occurring at high altitudes in the south. The genus is
new to Kwangtung Province.
FAGARA Linnaeus
FAGARA CHINENSIS sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, inflorescentiis axillaribus leviter pubescenti-
bus exceptis glaber, ramulis ramulisque inermis, rhachis canali-
culato-angulatis, subtus spinis paucis, recurvis armatis; foliis
circiter 15 cm longis, foliolis 7, oppositis vel suboppositis, lanceo-
latis ad ovato-lanceolatis, coriaceis, tenuiter sed obtuse acumina-
tis, basi acutis, integris, usque ad 7 cm longis, nervis primariis
utrinque 7 ad 9, distinctis; paniculis axillaribus, anguste pyra-
midatis, circiter 4 cm longis ; fructibus sessilibus, rugosis,
subellipsoideis, circiter 5.5 mm longis, apice leviter oblique
rostratis.
A scandent shrub, attaining a length of at least 5 m, glabrous
except the sparingly pubescent inflorescences. Branches and
142 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
branchlets terete, unarmed, the former grayish, rugose, the latter
smooth, nearly black. Leaves alternate, about 15 cm long, the
rachis canaliculate, somewhat angled, armed on the lower side
with few, scattered, rather stout, recurved, 1 to 1.5 mm long
spines. Leaflets 7, coriaceous, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate,
entire, opposite or subopposite, 3.5 to 7 cm long, 1.2 to 2.6 cm
wide, shining, olivaceous-brownish when dry, the glands not
prominent, narrowed below to the acute and sometimes slightly
inequilateral base, and above to the slenderly but obtusely acumi-
nate apex; lateral nerves 7 to 9 on each side of the midrib, dis-
tinct on the lower surface, anastomosing, the reticulations lax;
petiolules 2.5 to 4 mm long. Panicles axillary, narrowly pyra-
midal, about 4 cm long, sparingly pubescent, the primary
branches about 5 mm long. Cocci subelliptic, brown and rugose
when dry, about 5.5 mm long, keeled but scarcely compressed,
obliquely beaked at the apex, 1-seeded, sessile, but one or two
developing from each ovary.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10660,
August 13, 1917, in thickets near Paak Wan Moon, altitude about 900
meters.
This species is apparently represented by Cavalerie 950 from Kouy-
tcheou, which has been identified with Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgw.,
but to which species I do not consider that it can possibly be referred. It
is well characterized by its few leaflets, which are entire and slenderly
acuminate; its unarmed branches and branchlets; and its short, axillary,
very narrow panicles.
POLYGALACEAE
EPIRIXANTHES Blume
EP1RIXANTHES APHYLLA (Griff.) comb. nov.
Salomonia aphylla Griff, in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1 (1844) 221, Trans.
Linn. Soc. 14 (1845) 112.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), at So Liu Koon,
Merrill 10898, August 13, 1917, in damp forests along trails, altitude about
180 meters.
I have transferred this species to Epirixanthes Blume, as I consider
this group to be generically distinct from Salomonia.
EUPHORBIACEAE.
BRIDELIA Loureiro
BRIDELIA MONOICA (Lour.) comb. nov.
Clutia monoica Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 638.
Cleistanthus monoicus Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 2 (1866) 508; Jabl.
in Engl. Pflanzenreich 65 (1915) 53.
Bridelia loureiri Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechy’s Voy. (1841) 211.
xm, c, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fan Mountain 143
Kaluhaburunghos monoecus O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. 2 (1891) 607.
Bridelia tomentosa Blume Bijdr. (1825) 597; Jabl. in Engl. Pflanzen-
reich 65 (1915) 58, cum syn.
Kwangtung Province, Canton and vicinity, Merrill 9859, Levine 429,
1232, Levine & Groff 88.
This species is common in thickets in the vicinity of Canton. Jablonszky
places Cleistanthus monoicus (Lour.) Muell.-Arg. among the species omnino
dubiae, but there is no doubt in my mind as to the correctness of the
present interpretation. Loureiro’s type was from Canton, and his descrip-
tion in all essentials, except for the description of the fruit, applies word
for word to this common species. The only differences are in his descrip-
tion of the leaves as glabrous (they are glabrous above and sparingly
pubescent beneath) and in characterizing the fruit as a 3-celled, 1-seeded
capsule; the fruit is a small drupe. This discrepancy is explained by the
certainty that Loureiro saw no fruits, but made the description of them
conform to the generic description of Clutia as quoted by him. Bridelia
monoica (Lour.) Merr. is the only species known from southern China
that conforms at all to Loureiro’s description. No Cleistanthus is known
from China.
AQUIFOLIACEAE
ILEX Linnaeus
ILEX TUTCHERI sp. nov. § Aquifolium, Sideroxyloides.
Frutex 2 ad 4 m altus, glaberrimus ; foliis obovatis ad oblongo-
obovatis, crassissime coriaceis, usque ad 5.5 cm longis, apice ro-
tundatis, interdum retusis, margine integris, revolutis, basi
cuneatis, costa supra impressa, subtus prominula, nervis latera-
libus obsoletis, supra olivaceis vel brunneo-olivaceis, nitidis,
subtus brunneis, minutissime et densissime puncticulatis ; fruc-
tibus axillaribus, fasciculatis, tenuiter pedicellatis, globosis vel
subglobosis, estriatis, 4 ad 5 mm diametro, 6- vel 7-locellatis,
calycis lobis 6, rotundatis.
An entirely glabrous shrub, 2 to 4 m high, the branches terete,
dark-grayish, somewhat rugose, the branchlets reddish-brown,
somewhat angled. Leaves rather densely crowded, obovate to
oblong-obovate, thickly coriaceous, 2.5 to 5.5 cm long, 1.2 to 2.5
cm wide, apex rounded, sometimes slightly retuse, base cuneate,
margins entire, recurved, the upper surface olivaceous or brown-
ish-olivaceous, shining, the lower surface brownish, densely and
very minutely puncticulate, the midrib impressed on the upper
surface, prominent on the lower surface, the lateral nerves and
reticulations obsolete; petioles 2 to 8 mm long. Fruits numer-
ous, axillary and in the axils of fallen leaves, usually about 3
in a fascicle, globose or subglobose, when fresh fleshy, purplish,
smooth, when dry dark-brown, smooth or slightly rugose, not
144 The Philippine Journal of Science isos
striate, the apex prominently papillate, 4 to 5 mm in diameter,
6- or 7-celled. Persistent calyx coriaceous, 3.5 to 4 mm in
diameter, the lobes 6, broadly rounded, short; pedicels 6 to 10
mm long.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10377
(type), 102UU, October 28, 1916, on open exposed slopes and in damp
forested ravines, altitude 900 to 1,000 meters.
The above-cited specimens were originally determined by me, from the
description, as representing Ilex memecylifolia Champ., but Mr. W. J.
Tutcher, director of the Botanic Garden, Hongkong, to whom the species
is dedicated, has called my attention to the fact that the present form differs
radically from Champion’s species in its vegetative characters and especially
in its 6-merous calyces with short, rounded lobes. Its alliance is apparently
with Ilex championii Loesen. and I. memecylifolia Champ., but it is abund-
antly distinct from both.
ILEX LOHFAUENSIS sp. nov.
Species I. hanceanae affinis, differt foliis multo minoribus,
apice semper perspicue retusis, nervis lateralibus subobsoletis,
floribus omnibus fasciculatis vel solitariis.
A shrub, 3 to 4 m high, the branchlets distinctly cinereous-
pubescent with soft, short, spreading hairs. Branches brownish,
terete, smooth, glabrous. Leaves numerous, oblong-obovate,
brown and shining when dry, 1 to 2 cm long, 5 to 9 mm wide,
apex obtuse and prominently retuse, base cuneate to decurrent-
acuminate, margins entire, the midrib somewhat prominent on
the upper surface and often slightly pubescent, distinctly prom-
inent on the lower surface, glabrous; lateral nerves very
slender, 5 to 8 on each side of the midrib, always obscure, often
obsolete or nearly so ; petioles 1 to 2 mm long, puberulent. Flow-
ers axillary, solitary or fascicled but never more than two or
three in an axil, white, 4-merous, about 4 mm in diameter, their
pedicels pubescent, 2 mm long or less. Calyx about 2 mm in
diameter, shallowly 4-lobed, the lobes broadly rounded, pubes-
cent. Petals united into a distinct tube, the lobes broadly ovate,
obtuse to rounded, spreading, about 1.6 mm long. Filaments
0.5 mm long, the anthers about as long as the filaments. Ovary
ovoid. Young fruit ovoid, glabrous, smooth, about 2.5 mm in
diameter.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10678
(type), August 16, 1917, Levine lit 55, from the same plant, in thickets,
damp shaded ravines, altitude about 1,000 meters.
I was at first disposed to refer these specimens to Ilex hanceana Maxim.,
but as they differ so constantly in their smaller and always prominently
retuse leaves, I believe that they represent a distinct but allied species.
The species is certainly distinct from the Philippine Ilex fietcheri Merr.,
which Loesener thinks is a synonym of Ilex hanceana Maxim.
xin, c, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 145
VITACEAE
CISSUS Linnaeus
CISSUS ASSAM ICA (Laws.) Craib in Rew Bull. (1911) 30; Gagnep. Not.
Syst. 1 (1911) 353.
Vitis assamica Laws, in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 1 (1875) 648.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10682,
Levine 14-65, August 17, 1917, in thickets, damp ravines, altitude about 900
meters.
This species extends from India (Assam and Sikkim) to Siam, but has
not previously been reported from China. It is very similar to Cissus
adnata Roxb., but is easily distinguished, among other characters, by its
more or less appressed hairs being attached by the middle, not by the base.
The Chinese specimens cited above have distinctly pubescent inflorescences,
but the leaves are practically glabrous, except for a few scattered hairs
on the lower surface; the disk and ovary are entirely glabrous. By the
key given by Dunn & Tutcher this falls under Vitis repens Wight & Arm
and has perhaps been included by these authors under Lamarck’s species;
it is, however, abundantly distinct from Cissus repens Lam.
COLUMELLA Loureiro
COLUMELLA TEN U I FOLIA (Heyne) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 11
(1916) Bot. 134.
Cissus tenuifolia Heyne in Wall. Cat. (1831) no. 6022; Planch, in DC.
Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 563.
Cayratia tenuifolia Gagnep. in Not. Syst. 1 (1911) 348.
Macao, Gallery 98! Kwangtung Province, Levine 1000, originally identi-
fied by me as Columella japonica. Formosa, Arisan, Faurie 512, June, 1914.
This has been included in Cissus japonica Willd., but is certainly specific-
ally distinct. India to southern China and the Philippines.
COLUMELLA JAPONICA (Thunb.) comb. nov.
Vitis japonica Thunb. FI. Jap. (1784) 104.
Cissus japonica Willd. Sp. PI. 1 (1797) 659.
Cayratia japonica Gagnep. in Not. Syst. 1 (1911) 349.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain, Merrill 11119, Levine 1855,
August, 1917, in thickets, altitude about 1,000 meters.
Japan to Indo-China; the Philippine specimen referred by Gagnepain to
this species I consider to represent Columella corniculata (Benth.) Merr.
PARTHENOCISSUS Planchon
It has been conclusively shown that Psedera Neck. Elem. 1 (1790) 158,
and Quinaria Rafin. Medic. FI. 2 (1830) 122, are synonyms of Partheno cissus
Planch, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1889) 447, and that following strictly the
rules of priority Psedera Neck, is the oldest generic name for this group.
Quinaria of Rafinesque is preoccupied by the different Quinaria Lour. FI.
Cochinch. (1790) 272; Loureiro ’s name, however, is a synonym of Clausena.
However, as Parthenocissus Planch, is the retained name adopted by the
146 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
last International Botanical Congress,8 Planchon’s generic designation
should be the one to be retained. Gagnepain 0 has clearly shown that
Landukia Planch, is not generically distinct from Parthenocissus. Landukia
Planch, has page priority over Parthenocissus Planch., and hence has claims
to recognition as the valid generic name, for the group under discussion,
among those botanists who accept the generic lists of nomina conservanda
adopted by the last two International Botanical Congresses. That Landukia
should be included in the next list of nomina rejicenda is evident, and I
prefer to make no new combinations under this generic name at the present
time. The proper specific name for a common Chinese species, however,
needs adjustment, as there is no reason whatever for discarding Blume’s
very descriptive name for the plant now known as Parthenocissus landuk
Gagnep. Ampelopsis heterophylla Sieb. & Zucc. was published many years
after Blume’s binomial, and of course does not invalidate Blume’s specific
name.
PARTHENOCISSUS HETEROPHYLLA (Blume) Merr. in Philip. Journ.
Sci. 11 (1916) Bot. 129.
Ampelopsis heterophylla Blume Bijdr. (1825) 194.
Cissus landuk Hassk. in Flora 25 (1842) Beibl. 2:39.
Vitis landuk Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1863) 90.
Landukia landuk Planch, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 447.
Parthenocissus landuk Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 24
(1911) 15, et in Sargent PI. Wils. 1 (1911) 102.
Kwangtung Province, near Canton, Levine 1271, August, 1917; Loh Fau
Mountain, Merrill 10715, August, 1917: Chekiang Province, Meyer 1613.
Hainan, Hongkong Herbarium 413. Probably referable here is Merrill
11132 from plants cultivated on a compound wall at Sheklung, Kwangtung
Province, which differs from other specimens cited in having 3- and
5-foliolate leaves.
STERCULIACEAE
PTEROSPERMUM Schreber
PTEROSPERMUM LEVIN El sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 13 m alta partibus junioribus et subtus foliis
dense subferrugineo- ad subalbido-tomentosis. Ramis teretibus,
glabris, tenuibus; foliis oblongis, chartaceis, leviter inaequila-
teralibus, integris, 8 ad 14 cm longis, 4 ad 5.5 cm latis, supra
brunneo-olivaceis, nitidis, glabris, acuminatis, basi leviter oblique
truncatis vel subcordatis, subtus densissime tomentosis, nervis
utrinque circiter 8, distinctis; petiolis circiter 8 mm longis;
stipulis ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, integris, inaequilateralibus,
acutis ad acuminatis, utrinque minute albido-tomentosis, circiter
5 mm longis, deciduis ; fructibus ellipsoideis ad oblongo-ellipsoid-
eis, teretibus, 4.5 ad 5 cm longis, brunneis, apice minute et
breviter acuminatis, basi stipitatis, stipite circiter 8 mm longo
‘Act. Ill rae Congr. Internat. Bot. Brux. 1 (1910) 114.
8 Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 24 (1911) 10.
xni,c, s Merrill: Flora of Loh Fan Mountain 147
et 5 mm diametro, extus dense et minutissime ferrugineo-stellato-
tomentosis.
Kwangtung Province, Sum Sun, Nam Hoi, at the base of a hill, Levine
1178, September 7, 1917.
The alliance of this species is manifestly with Pterospermum jackianum
Wall., to which I first referred the specimen. It differs from Penang
material representing Wallich’s species, and from the descriptions in a
number of details, notably in its entirely different stipules.
The only species reported from China proper are the entirely different
Pterospermum proteus Burkill and P. heterophyllum Hance; Pterospermum
formosanum Mats., judging from the single sterile specimen I have seen,
must be very closely allied to or identical with the Philippine P. niveum
Vid.
DILLENIACEAE
TETRACERA Linnaeus
TETRACERA LEVI N El sp. nov.
• Frutex scandens, subglaber; foliis oblongis, rigidis, laevis vel
sublaevis, usque ad 13 cm longis, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis,
basi acutis, apice acutis, obtusis, vel obscurissime acuminatis,
nervis utrinque circiter 15, perspicuis; paniculis axillaribus
terminalibusque, usque ad 12 cm longis; fructibus circiter 7
mm longis, glabris, 1-spermis, sepalis utrinque glabris.
A scandent shrub, subglabrous, the inflorescences somewhat
appressed-strigose. Branches brownish, somewhat wrinkled,
smooth or minutely scabrid. Leaves subcoriaceous, rigid, brit-
tle, oblong, pale and shining when dry, smooth or nearly so,
11 to 13 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, base acute, apex acute, some-
what obtuse, or even slightly acuminate, the margins minutely
denticulate in the upper one-half; lateral nerves about 15 on
each side of the midrib, prominent. Panicles terminal and in
the upper axils, up to 12 cm in length. Fruits 1-seeded, ovoid,
glabrous, shining, somewhat apiculate, about 7 mm long, the
aril orange-yellow. Sepals glabrous on both surfaces.
Kwangtung Province, White Cloud Mountain, near Canton, Levine 1794,
near small streams, October 22, 1917.
This species is manifestly allied to Tetracera scandens (Linn.) Merr.
( T . sarmentosa Vahl), which is common in Kwangtung Province, from
which it differs in its smooth or nearly smooth, not scabrid leaves, and
more numerous lateral nerves. The synonyms Leontoglossum scabrum
Hance, Actaea aspera Lour., Trachytella actaea DC., and Calligonum
asperum Lour., based on Kwangtung and Cochinchina specimens, appear
to be correctly referred to Tetracera sarmentosa Vahl=2\ scandens (Linn.)
Merr. The latter species is represented by Hongkong Herbarium 1415,
from Hongkong, and Merrill 10724 and Levine 1418 from the base of Loh
Fau Mountain, Kwangtung Province.
148 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
THEACEAE
TRISTYLIUM Turczaninow
TRISTYLIUM OCHNACEUM (DC.) comb. nov.
Cleyra ochnacea DC. in Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 1 (1822) 412, Prodr.
1 (1824) 524.
Eurya ochnacea Szysz. in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 a (1893)
189.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan) Merrill 10243,
10686, October, 1916, August, 1917, Levine 1453, August, 1917, on exposed
open slopes, altitude about 1,000 meters.
This species extends from Japan to Formosa and the central Himalayan
region, but has not previously been reported from Kwangtung Province.
My number 10243 was originally referred, with doubt, to Adinandra
millettii Benth., but Mr. Tutcher has called my attention to the fact that
the specimen is properly referable to Cleyra ochnacea DC.; all the spec-
imens are in fruit and agree very closely with authentic Japanese material
received from the Leiden Herbarium.
This species has been confused by some authors with the entirely dif-
ferent Ternstroemia japonica Thunb. Szyszylowicz has reduced Cleyra DC.
(non Thunb.) to Eurya Thunb., which does not appear to me to be the proper
disposition of it; I consider it to be more closely allied to Adinandra
Jack. Cleyra DC., non Thunb., nec Adans., is invalid, and I propose to adopt
Tristylium Turcz. as the proper valid generic name for this group.
TERNSTROEMIA Mutis
TERNSTROEMIA KWANGTUNGENSIS sp. nov.
Arbor 4 ad 5 m alta, glabra, ramis ramulisque crassis, rugosis ;
foliis crassime coriaceis, late ellipticis ad elliptico-ovatis, usque
ad 9 cm longis, breviter obtuseque acuminatis, basi decurrento-
acuminatis, in siccitate supra atro-brunneis, nitidis, subtus brun-
neis, opacis, nervis utrinque circiter 7, indistinctis, petiolis cras-
sis, 1.5 ad 2.3 cm longis; fructibus depresso-globosis, circiter
1.3 cm diametro (immaturis), sepalis persistentibus, coriaceis,
elliptico-ovatis, circiter 8 mm longis.
A tree, 4 to 5 m high, entirely glabrous. Branches and branch-
lets thickened, rugose, brownish or somewhat reddish-brown, 5
to 7 mm in diameter, the petiolar scars rather prominent.
Leaves thickly coriaceous, broadly elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 7 to
9 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, the apex shortly and obtusely acumi-
nate, base decurrent-acuminate, the upper surface blackish-
brown when dry, prominently shining, the lower surface brown,
dull; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, slender,
indistinct; petioles stout, black when dry, 1.5 to 2.3 cm long.
Fruits axillary, solitary, depressed-globose, about 1.3 cm in
diameter (immature), dark-brown when dry, the pedicels stout,
1 cm long or less. Persistent sepals coriaceous, elliptic-ovate,
about 8 mm long, rounded, scarcely fimbriate.
xni,c, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 149
Kwangtung Province, Loh Pau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 11013,
August 29, 1917, in damp forested gorges, altitude about 1,000 meters.
This species is closely allied to Ternstroemia japonica Thunb., from
which it is distinguished by its larger, broader, differently shaped leaves,
its distinctly longer petioles, shorter pedicels, and depressed-globose fruits.
It is clearly not the same as Cleyra fragrans Champ, and C. dubia Champ.,
which were described from Hongkong material, and which are apparently
properly reduced as synonyms of Ternstroemia japonica Thunb.
THE A Linnaeus
THEA FURFURACEA sp. nov.
Arbor parva, bracteis et fructibus exceptis glabra; foliis
oblongis, coriaceis, usque ad 12 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter
angustatis, basi acutis, apice acuminatis, margine glanduloso-
denticulatis, in siccitate subolivaceis vel viridi-olivaceis, nitidis,
subtus pallidioribus, glandulosis, breviter petiolatis, nervis utrin-
que 8 ad 10, supra impressis, subtus perspicuis, anastomosan-
tibus ; fructibus terminalibus, globosis vel depresso-globosis, bre-
viter et crasse pedicellatis, circiter 1 cm diametro (immaturis),
extus densissime furfuraceis atque pilis paucis deciduis instructis.
A small tree, usually about 3 m high, entirely glabrous except
the bracts and fruits (flowers not seen). Branches terete,
smooth, pale-brownish, the branchlets occasionally somewhat
compressed. Leaves oblong, coriaceous, 7 to 12 cm long, 2.5
to 4 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the
rather slenderly but blunt-acuminate apex, the margins glan-
dular-denticulate throughout, the upper surface pale-olivaceous or
greenish-olivaceous when dry, shining, the lower surface paler,
glandular, shining; lateral nerves 8 to 10 on each side of the
midrib, somewhat impressed on the upper surface, rather prom-
inent on the lower surface, anastomosing, the lax reticulations
distinct; petioles about 3 mm long, brown. Fruits terminal,
globose or depressed-globose, about 1 cm in diameter (immature) ,
externally densely covered with pale-brownish, furfuraceous,
appressed scales and with few, somewhat tufted, deciduous, pale
hairs, 3-celled, with three seeds in each cell ; pedicels short, stout,
4 mm long or less, densely covered with the persistent, imbricate
bases of the bracts, the outer bracts broadly ovate to somewhat
reniform, obtuse to subacute, somewhat pubescent on the margins
and in the median part of the back, the innermost up to 1 cm
in length and somewhat cucullate.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10681
(type), Levine 1516, August 17, 1917, in damp forested gorges, altitude
about 1,000 meters.
This species is well characterized by its densely furfuraceous fruits.
150 The Philippine Journal of Science i9ia
SC HIM A Reinwardt
SCHIMA CONFERTIFLORA sp. nov.
Arbor (vel interdum frutex, 1 ad 3 m altus) usque ad 10 m
alta, novellis floribusque exceptis glabra; foliis coriaceis, in sic-
citate brunneis ad brunneo-olivaceis, oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo-
ellipticis, usque ad 9 cm longis, breviter obtuseque acuminatis,
basi acutis, margine distincte crenato-serratis, nervis utrinque
8 ad 10, tenuibus; floribus numerosis, axillaribus et ad apicem
ramulorum dense subracemoso-confertis, breviter pedunculatis ;
sepalis orbicularibus, extus glabris, margirie perspicue ciliatis;
fructibus depresso-globosis, circiter 1.2 cm diametro, breviter
crasseque pedunculatis.
A tree attaining a height of 10 m, or when growing on exposed
slopes a shrub 1 to 3 m high, glabrous except the flowers and
the growing tips of the branchlets. Branches dark-brown,
rugose, rather stout, terete, the terminal bud-scales densely ap-
pressed-pubescent with pale shining hairs. Leaves numerous,
crowded, thickly coriaceous, oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, 4.5
to 9 cm long, 2 to 3.3 cm wide, base acute, apex shortly and
obtusely acuminate, margins distinctly crenate-serrate, when dry
brown to brownish-olivaceous, shining; lateral nerves slender,
not prominent, 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing,
the reticulations indistinct; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Flowers
numerous, white, in the uppermost axils and racemosely crowded
at the tips of the branchlets, about 3 cm in diameter, their pedi-
cels glabrous, about 1 cm long, stout, brown when dry. Sepals
suborbicular, rounded, coriaceous, about 5 mm in diameter, gla-
brous externally, internally densely appressed-pubescent, the
margins densely and prominently ciliate with pale hairs. Petals
obovate, glabrous except the sparingly ciliate margins. Ovary
ovoid, densely pubescent at the base, glabrous above ; style stout,
about 7 mm long. Fruit globose or depressed-globose, woody,
about 1.2 cm in diameter, brown when dry, sparingly appressed-
pubescent, ultimately glabrous, at first splitting into two or three
valves, ultimately into five, the persistent sepals very coriaceous,
glabrous, the pedicels stout, about 1 cm long, the mature fruits
in the axils of fallen leaves; seeds somewhat reniform, rounded
at both ends, about 7 mm long and 4.5 mm wide, somewhat rugose.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10690
(type) , August 16, 1917, on open exposed ridges, altitude 950 meters,
Merrill 11052, August 11, 1917, in damp forested ravines, altitude about
900 meters, Merrill 10156 and Levine 601, 1513, October 28, 1916, August
10, 1917, in fruit, and in flower, on open slopes, altitude about 900 meters.
xni, c, 3
Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain
151
This form differs so radically from the typical Malayan Schima no-
ronhae Reinw., and from the Chinese and Formosan form that has been
referred to Reinwardt’s species, that I am constrained to consider it a
distinct species. From typical Javan Schima noronhae Reinw. it is readily
distinguished by its smaller leaves, which are not slenderly acuminate;
crowded, shortly pedicelled flowers; smaller fruits; and numerous other
characters. From the Chinese form that has been referred to Reinwardt’s
species, but which I consider should be retained as a distinct species under
the name Schima superba Garden. & Champ., it differs in its smaller
leaves which are not slenderly and sharply acuminate; distinctly smaller
fruits; and shorter-peduncled, more numerous, densely crowded flowers.
OENOTHERACEAE
EPILOBIUM Linnaeus
EPILOBIUM PHILIPPINENSE C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910)
Bot. 369.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10658,
Levine 14-67, August 16, 1917, on rubbish of fallen walls at the ruined
monastery Put Wan T’sz, altitude about 1,100 meters.
The genus is new to Kwangtung Province. The specimens are more
robust than the Philippine form, with somewhat shorter fruits and slightly
smaller seeds, but in other characters closely approximates Robinson’s type.
It is very probable that as species are interpreted in this genus by
Haussknecht and by Leveille, these authors would consider the Chinese
form specifically distinct from the Philippine one; it is not improbable
that this Chinese form has already been described under some other
specific names, but as distinctions are drawn by Leveille it is practically
impossible to gain a clear conception of many of his species from the de-
scriptions alone, the same being true also of many of Haussknecht’s species.
MELASTOMATACEAE
BLASTUS Loureiro
BLASTUS PAUCIFLORUS (Benth.) comb. nov.
Allomorphia pauciflora Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1 (1842)
485; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1887) 301; Cogn. in
DC. Monog. Phan. 7 (1891) 465; Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull.
Add. Series 10 (1912) 107 (FI. Hongk. Kwangtung).
Oxyspora ? pauciflora ; Benth. FI. Hongk. (1861) 116.
Blastus hindsii Hance in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 13 (1873) 103.
Hongkong, Victoria Peak, comm. W. J. Tutcher: Kwangtung Province,
Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10743, Levine 1462, about ledges
in thickets, in damp ravines, altitude about 950 meters, August 16, 1917.
An examination of the flowers of this species shows that it belongs in
the genus Blastus, and it is accordingly so placed. Blastus cochinchi-
nensis Lour, is distinguished, among other characters, by its short, axillary
inflorescences. Leveille has described several species of Blastus with ter-
minal inflorescences, some of which, judging from his wholly inadequate
diagnoses, must be very close to the present species.
152 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
ARALIACEAE
DENDROPANAX Decaisne & Planchon
DENDROPANAX ACU M I NATISSI M U M sp. nov.
Frutex glaber, 3 ad 4 m altus ; foliis lanceolatis ad anguste lan-
ceolatis, usque ad 11 cm longis, tenuiter caudato-acuminatis, basi
acutis, integris, nervis utrinque 10 ad 12, tenuibus, indistinctis,
anastomosantibus ; umbellis terminalibus, solitariis vel trims,
breviter pedunculatis, subpaucifloris ; floribus 5-meris, circiter
5.5 mm longis.
A slender, erect, glabrous shrub, 3 to 4 m high, the branches
and branchlets terete, somewhat brownish, the latter smooth.
Leaves scattered, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, firmly charta-
ceous to subcoriaceous, rather pale-olivaceous when dry, 7 to 11
cm long, 1 to 2 cm wide, entire, base acute, narrowed above into
the slenderly caudate-acuminate apex ; lateral nerves 10 to 13 on
each side of the midrib, slender, spreading-ascending, anasto-
mosing, indistinct; petioles 1 to 3.5 cm long. Umbels terminal,
solitary or in threes, about 2 cm in diameter in anthesis, their
peduncles 5 to 10 mm long, 10- to 15-flowered, the bracteoles
linear, 2 to 8 mm long, deciduous, the pedicels about 6 mm long.
Calyx green, cup-shaped, about 3 mm long, its margin 5-denticu-
late. Petals 5, white, ovate to oblong-ovate, 2.5 mm long. Fila-
ments about 2 mm long. Ovary 5-celled; style stout, furrowed,
somewhat narrowed upward, about 1.3 mm long.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10817
(type), Levine 1815, August 24, 1917, from the same plant.
This species occurs on steep forested slopes of damp ravines, altitude
800 to 1,000 meters, and is very rare, as only a few specimens were
observed in several weeks’ work on Loh Fau Mountain. It is well char-
acterized by its very narrow, lanceolate, slenderly acuminate leaves
which are not at all 3-nerved or 3-plinerVed at the base. Dendropanax
japonicum Seem, is abundant on open slopes on Loh Fau Mountain, while
what I take to be D. proteum Benth. also occurs in similar habitats.
ERICACEAE
VACCINIUM Linnaeus
VACCINIUM HANCOCKIAE sp. nov.
Frutex 2 ad 3 m altus, glaber; foliis coriaceis, oblongo-ovatis
ad oblongo-lanceolatis, in siccitate brunneo-olivaceis, nitidis, us-
que ad 5 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis, margine cartilagineis,
distanter serrulatis, nervis utrinque circiter 5, tenuibus, anasto-
mosantibus ; racemis in axillis superioribus, circiter 2 cm longis,
bracteolis oblongo-ovatis, circiter 1 mm longis ; floribus subcylin-
draceis, circiter 7 mm longis, sursum leviter angustatis; calycis
xni, c, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 153
lobis lanceolatis, tenuiter acuminatis, subpatulis, circiter 1.5 mm
longis.
A shrub 2 to 3 m high, entirely glabrous except the top of the
ovary, the filaments, and the inside of the corollas. Branches
terete, reddish-brown to grayish-brown, crowded, the internodes
short. Leaves numerous, coriaceous, oblong-ovate to oblong-
lanceolate, 2 to 5 cm long, 8 to 16 mm wide, brownish-olivaceous
when dry, not glandular, shining, the lower surface slightly
paler than the upper, narrowed below to the acute base and above
to the rather slenderly acuminate apex, the margins cartilagi-
nous, distantly serrulate; lateral nerves about 5 on each side
of the midrib, slender, distinct on the lower surface, curved-
ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct ; petioles about
3 mm long. Racemes in the uppermost axils, about 2 cm long,
6- to XO-flowered, the pedicels spreading or recurved, about 3
mm long, the minute bracteoles oblong-ovate, acuminate, about
1 mm long. Calyx-tube turbinate, black or somewhat glaucous
when dry, the lobes lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, about 1.5
mm long, somewhat spreading. Corolla white, glabrous exter-
nally, slightly pubescent inside, subcylindric, slightly narrowed
above, about 6 mm long and 2 mm in diameter, the lobes sub-
ovate, obtuse, 0.8 mm long, recurved. Top of the ovary hirsute.
Stamens 10; filaments thickened and villous below, filiform and
glabrous above, about 3.5 mm long; anthers slender, narrow, 2
to 2.8 mm long, the spurs 1.2 to 2 mm long. Style glabrous,
rather stout, 6 mm long.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan) , Merrill 10705,
(type), Levine 1355, August 25, 1917, on open grassy slopes 600 to 900
meters, rare.
This species somewhat resembles Vaccinium carlesii Dunn, but is en-
tirely different in its floral characters. It is the third species of the genus
to be found in Kwangtung Province, the other two, Vaccinium bracteatum
Thunb. and V. iteophyllum Hance, being common on Loh Fau Mountain.
It is dedicated to Miss A. Hancock, of the New Zealand Presbyterian Mis-
sion at Canton, in commemoration of her interest in the flora of Kwangtung
Province, and in appreciation of her coolness in extricating herself, Mr.
Levine, and the author in a serious encounter with Chinese robbers on Loh
Fau Mountain on August 22, 1917.
RHODODENDRON Linnaeus
RHODODENDRON LEVINEI sp. nov.
Arbor 3 ad 4 m alta, ramulis et petiolis et foliis junioribus
pilis longis tenuibus ferrugineis omatis; foliis subcoriaceis,
oblongo-ellipticis ad ellipticis, usque ad 10 cm longis, apice late
rotundatis, interdum brevissime apiculatis, basi acutis ad rotun-
datis, margine revolutis, supra brunneo-olivaceis, subtus brun-
154 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
neis vel glaucescentibus, eleganter glanduloso-lepidotis, nervis
utrinque circiter 8, distinctis; fructibus circiter 1.8 cm longis,
oblongo-ovoideis, brunneis, glandulosis; sepalis persistentibus,
subovatis, circiter 1.2 cm longis.
A tree 3 to 4 m high, the young branchlets, petioles, and young
leaves prominently ciliate with long, spreading, brown or ferru-
ginous, slender hairs 3 to 5 mm in length. Branches terete,
smooth, reddish-brown, glabrous. Leaves crowded at the apices
of the branchlets, subcoriaceous, oblong-elliptic to elliptic, 5 to
10 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, the apex broadly rounded, sometimes
shortly apiculate, the base acute or subacute, the younger ones
with scattered, slender, elongated hairs on both surfaces and on
the margins, the older ones glabrous or nearly so, the upper
surface shining, brownish-olivaceous when dry, the reticulations
impressed, the lower surface of about the same color as the upper
or glaucous, with numerous, scattered, brown, shining lepidote
glands ; primary lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib,
slender, distinct, anastomosing; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Flow-
ers not seen. Fruits umbellately arranged at the tips of the
branchlets, usually 3 to 5 on each branchlet, their pedicels about
2 cm in length, glabrous or nearly so, the capsules brown when
dry, glandular, oblong-ovoid, about 1.8 cm long and 1 cm in
diameter, the subpersistent style at least 2.5 cm long; sepals
persistent, subovate, obtuse, about 1.2 cm long, reticulate, glan-
dular, glabrous, chartaceous.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10952
(type), Levine 1830, from the same plant, August 24, 1917, in a deep
forested ravine in the “Perfect Pool gorge” growing out over a small
stream, altitude about 950 meters.
This species must be exceedingly rare, as only a single plant was observed
during our exploration of the numerous gorges on the upper slopes of Loh
Fau Mountain. It is strikingly characterized by its indumentum; its
subelliptic leaves which are broadly rounded at the apices and prominently
lepidote-glandular beneath; and its persistent, reticulate sepals. It is
dedicated to Mr. C. O. Levine, of the Canton Christian College.
CLETHRACEAE
CLETHRA Linnaeus
CLETHRA FABRI Hance in Journ Bot. 21 (1883) 130.
Clethra canescens Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26 (1881) 33;
Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Add. Series 10 (1912) 155, non
Reinw.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 107W2,
August 21, 1917, about boulders on open grassy slopes, altitude about 1,100
meters, rare.
The type of Clethra fabri Hance was from Loh Fau Mountain. Hance’s
xiii, c, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 155
species was reduced by Hemsley to the Malayan Clethra canescens Reinw.,
the type of which was from Celebes. Comparison of the Chinese material
with a Celebes specimen, presumably representing Reinwardt’s species,
shows that the two are unmistakably distinct. The Chinese form is also
specifically distinct from the Philippine Clethra lancifolia Turcz., erron-
eously placed by Hemsley as a synonym of Clethra canescens Reinw.
Clethra fabri Hance can readily be distinguished C. canescens Reinw. by
its much fewer-nerved leaves, and from C. lancifolia Turcz. by its distinctly
larger flowers.
VERBENACEAE
CALLICARPA Linnaeus
CALLICARPA OLIGANTH A sp. nov.
Frutex 2 ad 3 m altus, subglaber, ramulis junioribus parcissime
et decidue stellato-pubescentibus ; foliis brevissime petiolatis,
anguste lanceolatis, usque ad 12 cm longis et 1.5 cm latis, charta-
ceis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, acuminatis, basi cuneatis,
margine in § superiore parte distincte serrulatis, supra glabris,
subtus glandulosis, glabris, vel junioribus parcissime stellato-
pubescentibus, nervis utrinque 7 ad 9, curvatp-adscendentibus,
tenuibus; cymis axillaribus depauperatis, 2- vel 3-floris, brevis-
sime pedunculatis, pedicellis glabris, circiter 4 mm longis ; f ructi-
bus globosis, 3 ad 3.5 mm diametro, glabris, calycis persistentibus,
glabris, truncatis.
A slender shrub, 2 to 3 m high, in age glabrous or nearly so,
the young branchlets sparingly stellate-pubescent. Branches
slender, terete, smooth, glabrous, grayish. Leaves narrowly lan-
ceolate, chartaceous, 6 to 12 cm long, 0.8 to 1.5 cm wide, narrowed
at both ends, the upper surface glabrous, smooth, eglandular,
brownish-olivaceous, shining, the lower surface slightly paler,
distinctly pitted-glandular, glabrous, or when young sparingly
stellate-pubescent near the midrib, the base cuneate, the apex
rather slenderly but bluntly acuminate, the margins in the upper
two-thirds distinctly serrulate ; lateral nerves 7 to 9 on each side
of the midrib, slender, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the
reticulations slender, not prominent; petioles 2 mm long or less.
Cymes axillary, few, subsessile or shortly peduncled, depauper-
ate, 2- or 3-flowered, the peduncles 2 mm long or less, the pedi-
cels not exceeding 4 mm in length, glabrous. Fruits globose or
subglobose, dark-brown when dry, 3 to 3.5 mm in diameter,
glabrous, the persistent calyx truncate, glabrous.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 11060,
August 23, 1917, in thickets along small streams, altitude about 900 meters;
rare, but a single plant seen.
The alliance of this species is manifestly with the form commonly
155652 3
156 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
known as Callicarpa purpurea Juss., but which should be known as C.
dichotoma (Lour.) Raeusch. It differs in its relatively much narrower
leaves, and depauperate, subsessile, very few-flowered cymes.
CALLICARPA DICHOTOMA (Lour.) Raeusch. Nomencl. ed. 3 (1817) 37.
Porphyra dichotoma Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 70.
Callicarpa purpurea Juss. in Ann. Mus. Paris 7 (1806) 69.
Kwangtung Province, Teng Woo Mountain Levine 7 US, Levine & Groff
11U, November, 1916 and June, 1917.
The type of Porphyra dichotoma Lour, was from the vicinity of Canton,
and the specimens cited above agree perfectly with the original descrip-
tion and are practically topotypes. There is no valid reason for displac-
ing Loureiro’s specific name by the more recent Callicarpa purpurea Juss.
CALLICARPA LONGILOBA nom. nov.
Callicarpa tomentosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey’s Voy. (1841) 205;
Benth. FI. Hongk. (1861) 269; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 26 (1890) 255; Dunn & Tutcher FI. Kwangtung & Hong-
kong (1912) 202; ? Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. (1809) 158; ?
Schauer in DC. Prodr. 11 (1857) 647, non Murr.
This strongly characterized species is readily distinguished by its
slender, elongated calyx-teeth; and, there being no tenable name for it,
I propose to call it Callicarpa longiloba. Callicarpa tomentosa Willd. was
based on a specimen the origin of which was unknown, and it may not be
the same as Callicarpa tomentosa as interpreted by modern authors; there
is little in the description that would indicate that Willdenow’s species is
the same as the Chinese form commonly referred to Callicarpa tomentosa
Willd. Whatever the status of the form Willdenow originally described,
the name is invalidated by Callicarpa tomentosa (Linn.) Murr. (1798)
based on Tomex tomentosa Linn. (1753), it being the valid name of the
Indian species commonly known as Callicarpa lanata Linn. Specimens ex-
amined are as follows: Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lo-
faushan) Merrill 10312, 10677, Levine 1517 ; Formosa, Kanehira.
GESNERACEAE
DIDYMOCARPUS Wallich
DIDYMOCARPUS SWINGLEI sp. nov.
Herba acaulescens; foliis omnibus radicalibus, succulentis,
fragilis, in siccitate membranaceis, olivaceis, utrinque parce
pubescentibus, oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 15 cm longis, apice
rotundatis, basi decurrento-acuminatis, saepe inaequilateralibus,
margine undulato-dentatis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6; scapis pen-
dulis, usque ad 20 cm longis, pubescentibus, plerumque tricho
tome ramosis, pedicellis 4 ad 8 cm longis, bracteis parvis, oblon-
gis, circiter 4 mm longis ; calycis lobis lanceolatis, pubescentibus,
liberis, 7 mm longis; corolla campanulata, 3 ad 3.5 cm longa,
purpureo-azurea ; capsulis circiter 2 cm longis, pubescentibus.
XIII, C, 3
Merrill: Flora of Loh Fan Mountain
157
An acaulescent succulent herb, the leaves all radical, subrosu-
late, when fresh thick, fleshy, brittle, when dry membranaceous,
olivaceous, in general oblong-obovate, apex rounded, base decur-
rent-acuminate and usually distinctly inequilateral, both surfaces
rather sparingly pubescent with short hairs, the margins some-
what undulate-dentate ; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the
midrib, rather distinct; petioles up to 4 cm in length. Scapes
several, usually trichotomously branched, slender, each several-
flowered, distinctly pubescent, pendulous, up to 20 cm in length ;
bracts small, oblong, pubescent, about 4 mm long ; pedicels
slender, rather densely pubescent, 4 to 8 cm long. Flowers
campanulate, blue-purple, 3 to 3.5 cm long. Calyx-lobes lanceo-
late, free to the base, pubescent, about 7 mm long. Corolla-tube
terete, not gibbous, gradually widened upward, 3 to 3.5 cm long,
the limb somewhat bilabiate, the five lobes all subequal, rounded.
Stamens 2 only; filaments glabrous; anthers about 3.5 mm wide
and 1.5 mm long, united. Ovary and style pubescent; stigma
liguliform, entire, about 2 mm long, oblique, as persistent on
immature fruits often slightly reflexed. Capsules linear-lanceo-
late, pubescent, about 2 cm long.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10692
(type), Levine 1588, August 16, 1917, gregarious on very damp cliffs in
deep, shaded ravines; altitude about 1,000 meters.
This species is apparently confined to its peculiar habitat, and was
observed in but a Tew restricted places, although where found it was
gregarious and abundant. It grows on perpendicular cliffs, and its in-
florescences are pendulous; when occurring in mass and in full anthesis,
it is strikingly ornamental. It does not conform with the descriptions of
any of the known Chinese species of Chirita or Didymocarpus, and might
with almost equal propriety be placed in Chirita as in Didymocarpus. I
have placed it in the latter genus as the liguliform stigma is not at all
lobed.
SCROPHULARIACEAE
BRANDI SI A Hooker f. & Thomson
BRAN DISI A SWINGLEI sp. nov.
Suffrutex erectus, circiter 1 m altus, ramulis et subtus foliis
et floribusque dense cinereo-pubescentibus, indumento stellato;
foliis oppositis, oblongo-ovatis, membranaceis, usque ad 8 cm
longis, acutis vel leviter acuminatis, basi rotundatis, margine
denticulatis vel subintegris, supra in siccitate nigrescentibus,
subglabris, subtus pallidis ; floribus axillaribus, solitariis vel binis,
pedicellatis, circiter 2.3 cm longis, flavidis.
A suffrutescent erect plant, about 1 m high, the younger parts
158 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918
and lower surface of the leaves densely and softly stellate-
pubescent with pale-gray indumentum, the hairs elongated, some-
what matted, rather woolly, the older branches terete, smooth,
glabrous. Leaves opposite, membranaceous, oblong-ovate, 4.5
to 8 cm long, 2 to 4 cm wide, base rounded, apex acute to rather
slenderly acuminate, margins usually denticulate, sometimes
nearly entire, the upper surface blackish when dry, shining,
ultimately glabrous, the lower pale-grayish ; lateral nerves about
5 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing, conspicuous ; petioles
about 5 mm long. Flowers yellow, axillary, solitary or in pairs,
their pedicels 5 to 7 mm long, the filiform bracteoles nearly as
long as the pedicels. Calyx about 13 mm long, externally densely
and softly gray-tomentose, inside densely appressed-hirsute, the
lobes 5, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 5 mm long. Corolla yellow,
externally cinereous-tomentose, about 23 mm long, the two lobes
of the upper lip oblong-obovate, about 9 mm long, the three
of the lower lip suborbicular, about 6 mm long. Anthers sub-
orbicular, 2.5 mm in diameter, their margins very prominently
bearded, cohering. Ovary densely tomentose. Capsule oblong-
ovoid, somewhat cinereous-tomentose, about 1 cm long, 2-celled,
first loculicidally dehiscing into two valves, ultimately splitting
again through the placentae into four valves. Seeds numerous,
thin, compressed, linear-oblong, often slightly falcate, about 4
mm long, 1 mm wide, the testa expanded into a thin wing sur-
rounding the very narrow seed proper.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Pau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10851,
August 22, 1917, in thickets along small streams, altitude about 950
meters; very rare, a single plant observed.
This species is allied to Brandisia hancei Hook, f ., of - which no descrip-
tion has ever been published. My conception of Hooker’s species is gained
from an examination of Yunnan material, Henry 9013, Delavay 193 U,
1626. In these specimens the leaves are smaller than in B. swinglei Merr.,
much thicker, often cordate at the base, while the dense indumentum is
ferruginous, and its stellate character is very evident; the calyx is broader,
and its lobes are very different in shape in the Yunnan material. The
genus is new to Kwangtung Province, the known forms now being Brand-
isia discolor Hook, f. & Th., B. hancei Hook, f., B. racemosa Hemsl., B.
souliei Bonati, B. laetevirens Rehder, and B. glabrescens Rehder.
LINDERNIA Allioni
LINDERNIA PYX1DARIA All. Misc. Taur. 3 (1755) 178.
Vandellia pyxidaria Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Petersb. 20 (1875) 449.
Kwangtung Province, Sheklung, Merrill 11130, August 28, 1917, on
muddy river banks.
Not previously reported from Kwangtung Province: Central Europe to
Japan, southward to Malaya and Polynesia.
mi, c, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 159
RUBIACEAE
MYCETIA Blume
MYCETIA CORIACEA (Dunn) comb. nov.
Adenosacme coriacea Dunn in Kew Bull. Add. Series 10 (1912) 130
(FI. Hongkong & Kwangtung).
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10386,
10867, Levine 597, H90, November, 1916 and August, 1917, a character-
istic undershrub along small streams, in thickets, altitude 900 to 1,100
meters. The specimens agree with Dunn’s authentic material in the
Hongkong Herbarium, but I have adopted the generic designation My-
cetia in place of Adenosacme, as the former is the older name.
H EDYOTIS Linnaeus
H EDYOTIS ACU M I NAT I SSI MA sp. nov.
Herba erecta, glabra, ramosa, usque ad 75 cm alta, basi sublig-
nosa, caulis infra teretibus, supra cum ramis 4-angulatis; foliis
lanceolatis, chartaceis, scaberulis, usque ad 7 cm longis, basi
acutis vel decurrento-acuminatis, apice tenuiter acuminatis, ner-
vis utrinque 3, adscendentibus, perspicuis, supra impressis, subtus
prominulis; stipulis ovatis, circiter 2 mm longis, denticulatis,
apice plerumque 3-laciniatis ; cymis axillaribus terminalibusque,
circiter 4 cm longis, laxis; floribus albidis, corollae laciniis lan-
ceolatis, recurvatis, 5 mm longis, intus villosis, tubo circiter 1.8
mm longo.
An erect, branched, glabrous herb attaining a height of 75
cm, the lower part of the stem terete, 3 to 4 mm in diameter,
the internodes 4 to 7 cm long, unbranched in the lower 20 to
40 cm, the upper parts of the stem and the branches rather
sharply 4-angled, the branches 20 to 30 cm in length. Leaves
opposite, lanceolate, chartaceous, somewhat scaberulous, greenish
or yellowish-green when dry, 4 to 7 cm long, 1 to 1.5 cm wide,
the base acute or decurrent-acuminate, the apex slenderly and
sharply acuminate; lateral nerves 3 on each side of the midrib,
ascending, impressed on the upper surface, prominent beneath,
anastomosing, the reticulations few, lax; petioles about 5 mm
long ; stipules ovate, about 2 mm long, their margins denticulate,
the apex usually cleft into three laciniae. Cymes terminal and
axillary, about 4 cm long, rather lax, few-flowered, the bracteoles
lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 mm long, the pedicels 2 to 4 mm in length.
Calyx-tube terete, ovoid, about 2 mm long, the lobes oblong-ovate,
acute, 1 mm long. Corolla white, the tube about 1.8 mm long,
the lobes 4, lanceolate, recurved, densely villous inside, about 5
mm long. Style 8 mm long.
160 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan) , Merrill 10763
(type), 10826, August 12 and 17, 1917, on wet grassy slopes and in damp
forested ravines, altitude 1,000 to 1,100 meters, rare.
This species is well characterized by its habit, its older and somewhat
woody stems being terete, the younger parts and branches being rather
sharply 4-angled; its lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, slightly scaberulous,
few-nerved leaves; and its rather lax cymes, the corolla lobes being about
three times as long as the corolla-tube. This species is probably as closely
allied to Hedyotis acutangula Champ, as to any other; but it is abundantly
distinct from Champion’s species, which is by far the commonest represent-
ative of the genus found on Loh Fau Mountain.
MORIN DA Linnaeus
MORINDA PARV I FOLIA Bartl. in DC. Prodr. 4 (1830) 449; Merr. in
Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 438.
Kwangtung Province, Canton and vicinity, Levine 782, 961, 1675 : Hong-
kong, Mrs. Clemens 4.270, Curran: Formosa, Kawakami 1624-
This form has been included in the rather polymorphous Morinda um-
bellata Linn., but I consider it to be specifically distinct. The specimens
cited closely match Bartling’s type, a fragment of which is before me, as
well as Cuming’s material on which Morinda cumingiana Vid. ( Lucinaea
cumingiana Vid.) was based. The species is otherwise known only from
northern Luzon and the Batan and Babuyan Islands.
TARENNA Gaertner
TARENNA ATTENUATA (Voigt) Hutch, in Sargent PI. Wils. 3 (1916)
411.
Stylocoryne a ttenuata Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcut. (1845) 377.
Webera attenuata Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 3 (1880) 104; Dunn &
Tutcher FI. Kwangtung & Hongkong (1912) 130.
Stylocoryne webera Benth. FI. Hongk. (1861) 156, noif A. Rich.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill s. n.,
August 20, 1917, on forested slopes in ravines, altitude about 1,000 meters.
The specimen agrees closely with the descriptions and with Hongkong
Herbarium 1715, from Hongkong, and Henry 89 from Formosa. The
generic name Webera is untenable under all rules of botanical nomen-
clature, hence the adoption of the generic designation Tarenna.
TARENNA MOLLISSIMA (Hook. & Arn.) comb. nov.
Webera mollissima Benth. ex Hance in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 13
(1873) 105; Dunn & Tutcher FI. Kwangtung & Hongkong (1912)
130.
Stylocoryne mollissima Walp. Repert. 2 (1843) 517; Benth. in Kew
Journ. Bot. 4 (1852) 195, FI. Hongk. (1861) 156.
Cupia mollissima Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechy’s Voy. (1841) 192.
Kwangtung Province, Mell 52.
UNCAR I A Schreber
UNCARIA RH YNCHOPHYLLA (Miq.) Jackson in Index Kewensis (1895)
1145; Haviland in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 33 (1897) 89.
Nauclea rhynchophylla Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3 (1867) 108.
Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10831,
xiii, c, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 161
Levine 132U, August 24, 1917, from the same plant; in forested ravines,
altitude about 1,000 meters, a single plant seen.
This species was originally described from sterile Japanese material,
and as a Nauclea, not as an Uncaria; the first publication of the binomial
Uncaria rhynchophylla seems to be that in Index Kewensis. The speci-
mens cited above agree closely with Japanese material, Wichura 1280,
with Dunn 279U from Fokien Province, China; with the original descrip-
tion; and with the more ample one given by Haviland. The species has
not previously been reported from China.
COMPOSITAE
CARP ESI UM Linnaeus
CARPESIUM CERNUUM Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 859.
Kwangtung Province, White Cloud Mountain, near Canton, Levine
1782, October, 1917: Swatow, Dalziel, October 1899.
The specimens are by no means typical of the Linnean species, and a
critical revision of the genus may show that they are referable to some
other species. Carpesium cernuum Linn, extends from Europe to Japan
and northeastern Australia; it occurs on the mountains of northern Luzon,
but has not been reported from the Malay Archipelago. The species is
new to Kwangtung Province.
The Philippine Journal of Science, C. Botany.
Vol. XIII, No. 3, May, 1918.
PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE, II
By F. W. Foxworthy
(From the Bureau of Forestry)
Two Plates
Six years ago I published a synopsis of the Philippine species
of this group.1 At that time we recognized seven genera and
forty-eight species as occurring in the Archipelago; we now
recognize nine genera and seventy species. Since then two other
articles have been issued dealing with some of the Philippine
representatives of this group. One of these was by Mr. A. D.
E. Elmer,2 who described two new species of Hopea and two of
Vatica; the other was my own paper on the Dipterocarpaceae
of the Agusan region, based on collections made by Mr. Elmer;3
in that paper I described five species as new and recorded notes
on five other species. In the present paper an attempt is made
to bring our present knowledge of the group into classified form.
All of the keys have had to be rewritten.
COMMON NAMES OF DIPTEROCARPS
The ten or twelve well-known types of Philippine dipterocarp
woods are supplied by about seventy different species. A par-
ticular wood in nearly every case is furnished by a group of
species. Most of the species are sufficiently well known to have
common names, but the same tree often has different names in
different localities ; this has caused a great deal of confusion. In
the interests of accuracy and uniformity it has seemed advisable
to make a list of the known names and to make an effort to stand-
ardize them. In doing this, there has first been made a list of the
commercial woods by their names in their principal markets.
Following this there is a list of the species known to produce
each wood; and, finally, there is an alphabetical list of all the
known common names with the species to which they are affixed.
1 Philip. Journ. Sci. 6 (1911) Bot. 231-288.
2 Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 4 (1912) 1471-1474.
2 Leafl. Philip. Bot. 6 (1913) 1949-1958.
163
164 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
The commercial woods, in their order of apparent abundance,
are:
1. Apitong.
2. Red lauan.
3. White lauan, including al
mon.
4. Tanguile.
5. Guijo.
6. Yacal.
APITONG
This is the wood furnished by any and all species of Diptero-
carpus. That from Dipterocarpus grancliflorus Blanco seems to
have been the one first recorded under this name. Commercially,
it seems to be impossible to distinguish among the different
species, when one is handling logs or converted timber. The
species furnishing the wood apitong are the following of the
genus Dipterocarpus:
Dipterocarpus pilosus Roxb.
D. affinis Brandis.
D. trinervis Blume.
D. gracilis Blume.
D. hasseltii Blume.
D. vernicifluus Blanco.
D. subalpinus Foxw.
D. caudatus Foxw.
D. perturbinatus Foxw.
Apitong is the most abundant wood in the Philippine Islands,
apparently making up about 20 per cent of the volume of our
commercial forests.
RED LAUAN
This is the name applied to the wood of a number of closely
related species of Shorea, which have rather soft, reddish, usually
rather coarse-grained wood. There are differences in color and
grain among the different forms of red lauan. It is not so
uniform in quality as apitong. Collectively, the different red
lauans are more abundant than apitong, constituting about 21
per cent by volume of our forests. A very good red lauan, which
has been exported to a considerable extent, is that furnished by
Shorea negrosensis Foxw. Other species that furnish woods
known as red lauan are: Shorea warburgii Gilg, S. squamata
(Turcz.) Dyer, S. rugosa Heim, S. plagata Foxw., and possibly
Parashorea plicata Brandis.
D. obconicus Foxw.
D. cuneatus Foxw.
D. warburgii Brandis.
D. speciosus Brandis.
D. basilanicus Foxw.
D. grandiflorus Blanco.
D. philippinensis Foxw.
D. orbicularis Foxw.
7. Mangasinoro, including
kalunti.
8. Palosapis, or mayapis.
9. Mangachapuy, or daling-
dingan.
10. Narig.
xiii, c, 3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 165
WHITE LAUAN
This name is applied to those lauans whose wood is not dis-
tinctly red. It includes a considerable range in color from white
through yellow and gray to pink. The best-known white lauan
is furnished by Pentacme contorta (Vid.) Merr. & Rolfe. Pen-
tacme mindanensis Foxw. furnishes the same grade of wood.
ALMON
This is a white lauan, whose wood is very light in weight,
coarse-grained, and of a light pink color. It is furnished by
Shorea eximia (Miq.) Scheff. The wood of bagtican, Parashorea
plicata Brandis, is slightly harder than the last. It is usually
classed as a white lauan. Mangasinoro and kalunti are some-
time classed as white lauans; they are here treated separately,
however. Several other species of Shorea, which have pale
yellow wood, are classed as white lauans or mangasinoro, ac-
cording as their vessels are scattered or arranged in a reticulate
pattern. Some of these are: Shorea malaanonan (Blanco)
Blume, S. polita Vid., and S. pallida Foxw.
Collectively, the white lauans rank third in order of abundance
of all the Philippine woods. They constitute about 17 per cent
of the volume of our forests.
TANGUILE
This wood is harder and finer-grained than red lauan, which
it very much resembles. It is furnished by Shorea polysperma
(Blanco) Merr. and, probably also, by S. warburgii Gilg. A
closely related form which usually passes for tanguile is tiaong,
S. teysmanniana Dyer. It is usually lighter colored and straight-
er-grained than S. polysperma, but the difference is exceedingly
slight. Tanguile is the fourth most abundant Philippine wood.
It makes up about 7 per cent of the volume of the forests.
GUIJO
This wood is furnished by Shorea guiso (Blanco) Blume and
by one or more undetermined species of Shorea. It is our fifth
most abundant wood and makes up about 5 per cent of the
volume of the forest.
YACAL
This name was first recorded for the wood of Hopea plagata
(Blanco) Vid. The woods of other species of this and other
genera, which seem to be identical in structure and durability,
166
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
are not distinguished from that of Hopea plagata and, like it,
are known by the name of yacal. The name yacal is properly
applied to any wood of this grade or to the tree that produces
such wood. Species producing yacal are the following :
Hopea plagata (Blanco.) Vid.
H. f oxworthy i Elmer.
H. odorata Roxb.
H. malibato Foxw.
Balanocarpus cagayanensis
Foxw.
B. bracliyptera Foxw.
Isoptera borneensis Scheff.
Shorea balangeran (Korth.)
Dyer.
S. ciliata King.
S. astylosa Foxw.
«S. malibato Foxw.
S. falciferoides Foxw.
S. scrobicidata Burek.
It is thought that several other species belong here; but their
identification is still in doubt. Yacal is the most valued of any
of our dipterocarps. It is the sixth Philippine wood in order of
abundance, making up about 3 per cent by volume of our forests.
MANGASINORO
This is a pale yellow, rather coarse-grained lauan, with the
vessels arranged in a reticulate pattern. It is evident that the
wood is the product of several species, whose identity is not
understood. Kalunti is a rather poor grade of mangasinoro and
is the product of Shorea mindanensis Foxw. Mangasinoro is the
seventh in order of abundance of the Philippine woods and makes
up something more than 2.5 per cent of the volume of the forest.
PALOSAPIS, OR MAYAPIS
This is furnished by the different species of the genus Anisop-
tera. They are: Anisoptera thurifera (Blanco) Bl., A. curtisii
Dyer, A. brunnea Foxw., A. mindanensis Foxw., and another
species, which has not yet been described.
Palosapis seems to rank about tenth in order of abundance
among Philippine woods and to make up about 1.5 per cent of
the volume of the forests.
MANGACHAPUY, OR DALINGDINGAN
This is a wood lighter in weight and color and rather softer
than yacal. It is sometimes quite difficult to determine whether
a wood is a yacal or a dalingdingan. Usually the harder and
finer-grained forms of dalingdingan are furnished by species that
attain a rather small diameter. So far as known, all of our
dalingdingans are furnished by species of Hopea. Some of these
species are:
Hopea acuminata Merr. H. philippinensis Dyer.
H. basilanica Foxw. H. glutinosa Elmer.
H. mindanensis Foxw. H. maquilingensis Foxw.
H. pierrei Hance.
xni, c, 3 Foxworthy : Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 167
This wood is thought to be about the twelfth in order of abund-
ance among Philippine woods and to make up usually about 1
per cent of the volume of the forest.
NARIG
This is the name applied to all members of the genus Vatica.
These are :
Vatica mangachapoi Blanco. V. sorsogonensis Foxw.
V. blancoana Elmer. V. spp., including several un-
V. obtusifolia Elmer. identified species.
V. mindanensis Foxw.
The members of this group are less gregarious in habit than
are the other members of the family. They are usually scat-
tered through the forest and make up less than 0.5 per cent of
the total volume.
Local names of Philippine Dipterocarps.
1
Local name.
j
Dialect, province, or
island.
Latin name.
Trade name.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Dipterocarpus grandiflorus
Do.
Do
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do
Do.
Tagalo, BicoL.. . _
Dipterocarpus caudatus
Do.
Do __
Do.
Do.
Do
Do.
Do...
Do
Do
Do
Do--_
Do
Do.
Do
Do
Do...-
Ilocano
S horea malaanonan
Do.
168 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
Local names of Philippine Dipterocarps — Continued.
Local name.
Dialect, province, or
island.
Latin name.
Trade name.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do
Do.
Do
Do
Do.
Do
Do.
Do
Do.
Do
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do
Apitong.
Dn
White iauan.
Do.
Narig.
Shorea eximia _ _ _ _ . _
Almon.
Shorea balangeran... __ __ _
Yacal.
Shorea squamata _ _
Red lauan.
Do.
Shorea negrosensis . - __
Do.
Dipterocarpus affinis ...
Apitong.
Do
Dipterocarpus warburgii _ ___
Do.
Do
Dipterocarpus pilosus
Do.
Dn
Dipterocarpus vernicijiuus . _ .
Do.
Shorea pallida __ _
White lauan.
Careg -
Tagalo
Vatica mangachapoi
Narig.
xni, c, 3
Foxworthy : Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II
Local names of Philippine Dipterocarps — Continued.
169
Local name.
Dialect, province, or
island.
Latin name.
Trade name.
Shorea guiso .. — - -
Guijo.
Vatica mangachapoi —
Narig.
do - __ __
Hopea philippinensis
Dalingdingan.
Shorea negrosensis . . - ....
Red lauan.
Shorea squdmata —
Do.
Hoped pierrei . - —
Dalingdingan.
Vatica mangachapoi —
Narig.
Anisoptera curtisii
Palosapis.
Do
Anisoptera thurifera .
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Hopea glutinosa . —
Do.
Do.
Do.
-pv 1 1
Dipterocarpus grandiflorus .
Shorea squamata
Red lauan.
Shorea negrosensis __
Do.
Do
Shorea poly sperma. .. . ... .
Vatica mangachapoi
Do.
Pentacme contorta .
Parashorea plicata _
Do.
Do
Visayan, Tagalo
Pentacme contorta. _
Do.
Do
Tagalo. . . --
Shorea malaanonan . .. .. ..
Do.
Do
Shorea pallida
Do.
Dn
Shorea squamata _ _ _
Visayan (Capiz)
Dipterocarpus grandiflorus
Do
Pentacme contorta.. _ _
Dipterocarpus grandiflorus
nnm
Cagayan. . _ _
Dipterocarpus vernicifiuus
Do.
Shorea balangeran . . . .
Anisoptera thurifera _ . _
Dr»
Do.
Do.
Moro - -- .
Shorea squamata
Shorea guiso .. . ___
Hopea philippinensis.
Do
Bicol, Visayan, Moro -
Hopea plagata
Do
Manobo
Shorea astylosa .
Do.
Do
Shorea balangeran
Do.
Do
Visayan, Moro,
Shorea guiso ...
Guijo.
Manobo.
Shorea balangeran
Guisoc bayasuason .
do
do
Do.
170 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918
Local names of Philippine Dipterocarps — Continued.
Local name.
Dialect, province, or
island.
Latin name.
Trade name.
Dalingdingan.
Yacal.
Do.
Narig.
Yacal.
Dalingdingan.
Tanguile.
Yacal.
Palosapis.
Yacal.
Apitong.
Do.
Do.
White lauan.
Tanguile.
Do.
Apitong.
Dalingdingan.
Yacal
Do
Bicol __
Guisoc-madlao _ _ _
Visayan
Do
_ __ do __ _______
Guisoc-nga-madlao_
do . ._ _ _
Guisoc-riga-salngan .
_ __do _ __ __
Guisoc-pula
Bicol _
Guisoc-tacpang
Chabocano_ __ __
Guyong _
Ilocano
Do
Do
Bicol _
Do
Hinpagkaytan
Visayan (Samar)
Dipterocarpus grandiflorus _
Narig.
Red lauan.
Kalunti.
Do.
Dalingdingan.
Apitong.
Do
Ilocano
Cagayan
Do .
Narig.
Do.
Apitong.
Do.
Narig.
Palosapis.
Apitong.
Do
Do
Do
Do.
Do
Shorea, rugosa ___ _
Parashorea plicata ■_ _ _
Shorea malaanonan-.
Do.
Do _
Do.
Do.__
Do.
Shorea squamata
Do.
Do.
Do
Do.
Do
Do.
Letis
Visayan
Anisoptera thurifera _ __
Palosapis.
xm.c, 3 Foxworthy : Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 171
Local names of Philippine Dipterocarps — Continued.
]
Local name.
Dialect, province, or
island.
Latin name.
Trade name.
1
Do.
Do.
White lauan.
Do._
i
Do.
Do.
Do
Do
Do.
Do
Do.
Do.
pula.
Do.
White lauan.
Do
Do.
Do
Red lauan.
Do_
Apitong.
Do
Do.
Tanguile.
Do
Do. i
Do
do
Do
White lauan.
Dalingdingan.
Do.
Yacal.
Do.
Do.
Dalingdingan.
Do
Do
Do .
Yacal.
Do
Tagalo, Visayan..- ..
Hopea pierrei
Do.
155552-
172 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
Local names of Philippine Dipterocarps — Continued.
Locol name.
Dialect, province, or
island.
Latin name.
Trade name
Manobo
Shorea negrosensis ... _ ._
Do
Do __
Tagalo __ _ __
Shorea polita _ _ ...
Do
Do
Do
Do.
Mangatsapuy .
Visayan __ __ _
Hopca glutinosa _ ...
Dalingdingan.
Manili
Bicol
Shorea polysperma .
Tanguile.
Manlocoloco - _
Tagalo .
Shorea eximia
Almon.
Maquitarem __
Bicol __ _
Hopea piei'rei _
Dalingdingan.
Do .
Tagalo, Bicol
Hopea philippinensis
Do.
Mayapis .
Tagalo _
Par ashore a plicata
White lauan.
Do
do _ _
Anisoptera thurifera
Palosapie.
Do
do _ .
Dipterocarpus grandifiorus _ _
Apitong.
Do
do _ _ _ _
Narig.
Do
do _ ___ __
Shorea squamata
Red lauan.
Do
do _ _
Shorea polysperma
Tanguile.
Mantolalina __
Zamboanga. _ _ __
Apitong.
Menapo
Dumagat
Anisoptera curtisii
Palosapie.
Molato. _
Visayan (Bohol). ...
Hopea plagata .
Yacal.
Narec . .
Cagayan ... _ . .
Do.
Narig.
Tagalo. _ _
Vatica spp.
Narig.
Oghayan
Samar __
Shorea squamata . _ _
Red lauan.
Pagacsan
Bicol ... _ _ .
Hopea philippinensis
Dalingdingan.
Pageahingin..
Tagalo
Dipterocarpus hasseltii _
Apitong.
Do
do . _ _ _ . _
Do.
Do....
Dipterocarpus grandifiorus
Do.
Paihapy
do _
Anisoptera thurifera _
Palosapis.
Paina.
Bicol _ . .
Hopea philippinensis .
Dalingdingan.
Palanopang
Tagalo. _
Apitong.
PaIosapis._
Pangasinan, Tagalo .
Anisoptera thurifera . _
Palosapie.
Do
Anisoptera curtisii .
Do.
Pamalalian..
Apitong.
Do...
Do.
Pamantuling ..
Pangasinan, Ilocano.
Dipterocarpus grandifiorus .
Do.
Do
Do.
Pamarnisen
Ilocano . _ _ .
Do.
Pamasugan
Tanguile.
Pamayadasan
Shorea balanqeran ... _
Yacal.
Pamayawa9en . _ .
do. ... ._
Do.
Panalsalan
Apitong.
Panao . .. ...
Do.
Do
Do.
Do
Do.
Panungsognan
Tanguile.
Paralsalan. __
Apitong.
Pata ...
Tanguile.
Patsahingin
Tagalo
Apitong.
Do....
Do.
Pisac ______
Dalingdingan.
Guijo.
Payena
Tagalo _ _
Hopea plagata
Yacal.
xiii, c, 3 Foxworthy : Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II
Local names of Philippine Dipterocarps — Continued.
173
Local name.
Dialect, province, or
island.
Latin name.
Trade name.
Dalingdingan.
Narig.
Dalingdingan.
Narig.
Do.
Do.
Yacal.
Guijo.
Do .
Guijo.
Do.. _
Narig.
Do.
Dalingdingan.
Palosapis.
Do.
Do
Do .
Dalingdingan.
Do.
Do.
1
Tanguile.
White lauan.
Do
Almon.
Tanguile.
Dalingdingan.
Tamingr-tamingr-din-
da.
Almon.
Narig.
Tanguile.
Do.
Narig.
Tanguile.
White lauan.
Red lauan.
Narig.
Tanguile.
Do.
Red lauan.
Do.
Almon.
Tiaong puti _ .
Tomotogani
Tuguai ... .
Do
Ugahayan ..
Vi sayan (Samar) . .
Shorea eximia
Do
Red lauan.
Yacal.
Do.
Do.
Yacal _ _ . _
Do
Do
Tagalo, Bicol .
Shorea balangeran _
174 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
Local names of Philippine Dipterocarps — Continued.
Local name.
Dialect, province, or
island.
Latin name.
Trade name.
Do
Do
Yacal.
Do
Do.
Do ...
Do.
Do..
Do.
Do .
Do.
Do.
Do
Do
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
The local names here given have been taken from collectors’
notes, as found with herbarium specimens. In spite of the ex-
tensive field work that has been done during the past fifteen
years, a number of forms that are locally of some importance
remain but little understood botanically.
The most important of these is mangasinoro, which is a widely
distributed lauan. It seems to be produced by more than one
species of Shorea, but we lack flowering and fruiting material
sufficient for its identification. Kalliot and yamban seem to be
of importance locally, but are not well understood. They seem
to include guijos, dalingdingans, and yacals and are found in
Zambales, Pangasinan and La Union Provinces, Luzon. A con-
siderable amount of additional collecting is needed to straighten
out these names.
A certain amount of confusion is caused by the duplication of
names in different regions. Thus mayapis, which seems to have
been the best-known name for Anisoptera thurifera in Bulacan,
Pampanga, Zambales Provinces and in parts of Rizal and Bataan
Provinces, is the name applied to Shorea squamata in the rain
forest of northern Laguna Province and in a part of Tayabas
Province. The two species are very distinct in appearance, struc-
ture, uses, and habitat.
Anisoptera thurifera is also known through a part of its range
as palosapis, and the largest part of the wood to reach the Manila
market during the past six years has come in under this name.
xiii, c, 3 Foxworthy : Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II
175
Key to the Philippine genera of Dipterocarpaceae.
a1. Lobes of fruiting calyx usually shorter than fruit and not extending
beyond it.
6\ Calyx-lobes round and recurved; stamens 30 to 60 7. Isoptera.
b 2. Calyx-lobes not as above; stamens 10 or 15 8. Balanocarpus.
a2. Lobes of fruiting calyx longer than fruit.
61. Calyx-tube enclosing fruit; two lobes expanding into long wings.
c\ Stipules large, amplexicaul, calyx-tube free; stamens 8; style
filiform 1. Dipterocarpus.
<?. Stipules small, deciduous, fruit connate with calyx-tube stamens
20 to 35; style short 2. Anisoptera.
b‘. Calyx-tube not enclosing fruit.
c1. Fruit with five long wings 6. Parashorea.
c *. Fruit with three long wings.
d1. Anthers with five pointed appendages... 4. Pentacme.
d2. Anthers with less than five appendages 5. Shorea.
c *. Fruit with two long wings.
d. Calyx imbricate in bud 3. Hopea.
<P. Calyx valvate in bud 9. Vatica.
1. DIPTEROCARPUS Gaertner f.
The members of this genus are rather uniform in habit but
occupy a tolerably wide range of habitats. Some forms, as
Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco, are often found on rather
exposed forested ridges; while others, such as D. pilosus Roxb.,
are characteristically found in moist lowland fofests. The wood
is very uniform in structure and is known in the market
as apitong. It is the most abundant Philippine timber, making
up about 17 per cent by volume of our forests.
Since the publication of my previous paper we have found
representatives of all of the sections of the genus, as arranged
by Dyer, except the section Plicati, which has not yet been found
in the Islands.
At the present time about seventy-five species are known in
the genus, seventeen of which are known from the Philippines.
Six of the Philippine species are known from outside the Archi-
pelago. These are Dipterocarpus pilosus Roxb., known from
Burma, the Andamans, Sumatra, and Bangka; D. trinervis
Blume, from Java; D. gracilis Blume, from Java; D. hasseltii
Blume, from Malacca, Sumatra, and Java; D. grandiflorus
Blanco, from the Malay Peninsula, Bangka, and Borneo; and
D. orbicularis Foxw., from British North Borneo.
Key to the Philippine species of Dipterocarpus.
a1. Fruit not angled, usually globose (§ Sphaerales Dyer).
61. Leaves small (10 to 13 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm broad), narrow, long-
caudate-acuminate 8. D. caudatus.
b2. Leaves larger, not long-caudate-acuminate.
c1. Fruit less than 2 cm in diameter.
176
The Philippine Journal of Science
191 S
d1. Leaves and buds hairy 6. D. vernicifluus.
<T. Leaves and buds glabrous or nearly so.
e1. Fruit 9 to 13 mm in diameter, short wings of fruit not ex-
panded or reflexed 7. D. subalpinus.
e3. Fruit 1 to 2 cm in diameter, short wings of fruit usually
expanded or reflexed 5. D. hasseltii.
<?. Fruit more than 2 cm in diameter.
d1. Fruit obconical or top-shaped.
e1. Leaves pubescent .. 10. D. obconicus.
e'\ Leaves and buds glabrous.
f. Leaf-base rounded 9. D. perturbinatus.
f. Leaf-base cuneate 11. D. cuneatus.
d 2. Fruit globose.
e1. Leaves and young shoots brown-hairy.
f1. Leaves long and narrow, membranaceous or chartaceous.
2. D. affinis.
p. Leaves broader, usually coriaceous 1. D. pilosus.
e ’. Leaves and young shoots not brown hairy.
f. Secondary nerves 10 to 12 pairs 4. D. gracilis.
f\ Secondary nerves 16 to 20 pairs 3. D. trinervis.
a2. Fruit round at base with 5 rounded tubercles or shoulders above
(§ Tuberculati Dyer) .. 12. JD. warburgii.
a3. Fruit 5-angled or 5-winged (§§ Angulati and Alati).
bl. Leaves orbicular 17. D. orbicularis.
b‘. Leaves not orbicular.
c1. Fruit very heavy and woody, 3 cm or more in diameter.
13. D. speciosus.
c2. Fruit not as above.
d. Leaves glabrous, fruit membranous-winged.. 15. D. grandiflorus.
dr. Leaves pubescent.
e1. Leaves 6 to 11 cm long; wings or ridges woody.
14. D. basilanicus.
e2. Leaves larger; fruit with membranaceous wings.
16. D. philippinensis.
1. DIPTEROCARPUS PILOSUS Roxb. Hagachac.
This form is often found making up a large part of the stand in lowland
forests in regions with relatively even rainfall. Its known distribution in
the Philippines is:
Luzon: Cagayan, Nueva Ecija, Rizal (?),Tayabas, Camarines. Polillo.
Marinduque. Mindoro. Samar. Leyte. Negros (?). Mindanao: Bu-
tuan, Davao, Zamboanga.
2. DIPTEROCARPUS AFFINIS Brandis. Camuyao (Cag.), hagachac
(Tag.), liput (Manobo).
This species is very much like the last and seems to have a more re-
stricted range.
Luzon: Cagayan, Tayabas, Camarines. Ticao. Mindanao: Agusan,
Zamboanga.
3. DIPTEROCARPUS TRINERVIS Blume. Apitong (Palawan).
Palawan. The species is not known from any other locality in the
Philippines.
xiii, c, 3 Foxworthy : Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 177
4. DIPTEROCARPUS GRACILIS Blume. Anahaun, apitong (Tag.).
Luzon, Camarines Province. Mindoro. This species is not known
from any other locality in the Philippines.
5. DIPTEROCARPUS H ASSELTI I Blume! Panao, pagsahingan (Tag.).
Luzon, Nueva Ecija and Laguna Provinces. Negros. Mindanao, Zam-
boanga.
6. DIPTEROCARPUS VERNICIFLUUS Blanco. Panao, apitong, pagsahin-
gan (Tag.), kamuyao (Cag.), malpaho (Pol.).
Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Nueva
Ecija, Bulacan, Pampanga, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas,
Camarines, Albay. Polillo. Marinduque. Mindoro. Leyte. Palawan.
Mindanao: Agusan (?), Surigao, Davao, Cotabato, Zamboanga.
7. DIPTEROCARPUS SUBALPINUS Foxw. in Lead. Phil. Bot. 6 (1913)
1950. Balaou (Agusan).
Mindanao, Zamboanga, For. Bur. 23837, 22007 Villamil, For. Bur. 22761
Nave; Agusan Province. Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18U87 McGregor.
This species differs from Dipterocarpus vernicifluus in its more glabrous
leaves and buds and generally smaller leaves, and from D. hasseltii in the
smaller leaves and fruit and greater number of secondary veins. The
three short wings of the fruit are also shorter than the similar wings in
D. hasseltii and are not expanded nor reflexed as is the case in that species.
8. DIPTEROCARPUS CAUDATUS sp. nov. Apitong (Tag. and Bicol).
Arbor magna. Folia longe caudato-acuminata, 9 ad 13 cm
longa, 2.5 cm lata, glabra; nervis secundariis circa 10; petiolo
1.1 ad 1.5 cm longo. Fructus globosus.
This form is distinct by its small-sized, long-caudate-acuminate
leaves, which are glabrous, elliptic, cuneate at base, 9 to 13 cm
long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide ; the long-caudate acumen about 1.5 cm
long; secondary veins are about 10 pairs; petiole 1.1 to 1.5 cm
long; stipules linear, ferruginous-pilose.
Luzon, Camarines Province, For. Bur. 21193 Alvarez, March 28, 1914
(type) ; Albay Province, For. Bur. 10607, 10610 Curran, 1908.
Very old and very young fruits picked up under the tree show this
to belong to the section Sphaerales, and the leaves are sufficiently distinct
to warrant its description as a new species.
9. DIPTEROCARPUS PERTURBINATUS sp. nov.
Arbor magna. Folia elliptica, glabra, coriacea, a basi cuneata
vel rotundata, 6.5 ad 11 cm longa, 4 ad 6.5 cm. lata; petiolo
2.5 ad 3.5 cm longo. Fructus turbinatus, 2.5 ad 3.5 cm diametro.
Calycis segmentis 2 majoribus oblongis, 11 ad 13 cm longis, 3
cm latis.
A large tree, with glabrous leaves and twigs and turbinate
fruits. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, acute or slightly acuminate
at the apex, cuneate or rounded at the base, margins crenate,
6.5 to 11 cm long, 4 to 6.5 cm wide; petiole 2.5 to 3.5 cm long;
secondary veins about 10 pairs. Fruit 2.5 to 3.5 cm in diameter,
178 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
distinctly turbinate. Wings 11 to 13 cm long, 3 cm wide, with
three principal longitudinal veins and numerous irregularly
branched lateral veins. The short wings are very inconspicuous
enlargements of the rim of the calyx-tube.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Pagbilao, For. Bur. 23841 F. Manuel, August
6, 1914 (type). Said to be known locally as apitong.
This plant was represented by fragmentary material collected by Mr.
H. M. Curran in Sorsogon Province, Luzon, in 1909. It was mentioned by
me in 1911/ but it was not until 1914 that enough material was obtained
for a full diagnosis.
The following are referred here: Luzon, Laguna Province, For. Bur.
8864, 10074, 19261 Curran: Tayabas Province, For. Bur. s. n., For. Bur.
3223 Hagger, For. Bur. 6045 Kobbe, For. Bur. 12500 Rosenbluth: Albay
Province, Cuming 881: Sorsogon Province, For Bur. 10564 Curran. This
species seems to be fairly common in dense forests on low ridges in some
parts of Tayabas Province.
10. DIPTEROCARPUS OBCONICUS Foxw. in Lead. Phil. Bot. 6 (1913)
1951.
The leaf-form, venation, and hairiness of buds correspond very closely
to those of Dipterocarpus gracilis Blume, as figured in FI. Javae, t. 5.
It is characterized by its fruit which has an obconical base.
Mindanao, Agusan Province, Cabadbaran, Elmer 13498, August, 1912
(type), at 230 meters elevation.
11. DIPTEROCARPUS CUNEATUS sp. nov.
Arbor magna, D. obconico similis sed glabra, petiolo longiore
et calycis segmentis longioribus.
Closely related to D. obconicus Foxw., but differing from that
species by being glabrous, by having more slender and longer
petioles, and by the narrower and longer fruit-wings. A large
tree. Leaves elliptic, glabrous, 6 to 12 cm long, 2.9 to 7 cm
wide, abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, margin crenu-
late and slightly inrolled, glabrous throughout. Secondary veins
10 to 14 pairs. Petioles 16 to 32 mm long, slender. Buds
glabrous, elongate. Fruit obconic 22 to 23 mm long, 16 to 18
mm in diameter. Long wings oblanceolate, 11 to 13 cm long,
2 to 2.5 cm wide. Three principal longitudinal veins and
numerous oblique and transverse veins.
Luzon, Camarines Province, Mount Sanot, For. Bur. 21469 Alvarez,
May 24, 1914 (type). Common name, panalsalan.
12. DIPTEROCARPUS WARBURGII Brandis; Foxworthy in Lead. Phil.
Bot. 6 (1913) 1952. Balaou (Manobo).
Mindanao, Agusan and Davao. Luzon, Cagayan Province.
13. DIPTEROCARPUS SPECIOSUS Brandis.
This species is sufficiently variable in its fruit to permit of its being
Phil. Journ. Sci. 6 (1911) Bot. 247, t. 39.
xm, c, 3 Foxworthy : Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, 11 179
considered as sometimes in the section Angulati and sometimes in the
section Alati.
Luzon: Tayabas, Camarines, and Albay Provinces. Negkos. Basilan.
14. DIPTEROCARPUS BASILANICUS sp. nov.
Arbor magna. Folia chartacea, elliptica, apice acuminatis,
basi cuneatis, nervis secundariis utrinque 13, tertiariis plurimis,
parallelis et reticulatis, obscuris, 6 ad 11 cm longa, 2 ad 5.5 cm
lata, margine undulatis, subtus pubescentibus. Floribus ignotis.
Fructus 5-angulatis, 15 ad 18 mm longis, aliis late linearibus,
oblongus e basi 3-nervis, 7 ad 9 cm longis, 14 ad 21 mm latis.
A tree 40 m tall and 50 cm in diameter. Leaves and twigs
finer than in most Philippine species. Leaves chartaceous, ellip-
tic, with acuminate apex and cuneate base. Under side of leaves
and young twigs pubescent. Terminal buds clothed with long
pilose, silky hairs. Secondary nerves about 13. Leaves 6 to
11 cm lorig and 2 to 5.5 cm wide. Fruit 5-angled, 15 to 18
mm long and of about the same diameter. Angles of fruit more
or less distinctly developed into wings, but thick and hard.
Basilan, Mount Basilan, at 500 to 600 meters elevation, For. Bur.
18895 Miranda, August 27, 1912 (type), For. Bur. 18896 Miranda, Bur.
Sci. 16128 Reillo, August, 1912.
The wood is said to be harder than that of ordinary apitong and is
used for general construction.
This species suggests a form referred to by King in Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. 62 2 (1893) 99: “A Perak species (Herb. Scortechini mixed with
No. 1478) represented by fruits something like those of D. fagineus
Vesque, but with the calyx-tube winged, not angled.” It is evident that
the relationship here must be very close, but identity is doubtful. This
species is our only representative of the § Angulati. It seems noteworthy
in that section in that the angles are developed until they resemble wings.
It is most closely related to Dipterocarpus fagineus Vesque, of the Malay
Peninsula and Borneo, but differs from that species in having slightly
smaller fruits, which are more sharply angled and with more scantily
developed venation in the fruit wings.
15. DIPTEROCARPUS GRAN D1 FLORUS Blanco. Apitong.
Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Sur, Abra, Benguet, Pangasinan,
Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Bataan, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Cama-
rines, Albay. Mindoro. Sibuyan. Panay, Capiz. Necros. Samar. Bi-
liran. Palawan. Mindanao: Agusan, Misamis.
16. DIPTEROCARPUS PH I LI PPI N ENSIS sp. nov.
Arbor magna. Fructus alatus D. marginato Korth. similis sed
minoribus.
A large tree 30 m tall and 75 cm in diameter. Fruit winged,
leaves of seedlings similar to those of D. vernicifluus Blanco.
Mature leaf (picked up under the tree) ovate-lanceolate, acute,
180 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
base truncate, margin entire, 19 cm long, 11 to 12 cm wide,
secondary nerves 18 pairs; tertiary nerves parallel and reticu-
late, with stellate hairs; petiole 5 cm long. Young shoots and
seedling leaves ferruginous-hairy exceedingly like the same
parts in D. vernicifluus. Fruit much the size and shape of that
of D. marginatus, but more constricted at the top and with ridges
produced into membranaceous wings, as in D. grandiflorus
Blanco. Fruit 3 to 3.5 cm long and 2 to 2.5 cm in diameter,
the two long wings 15 to 17 cm long and 25 to 28 mm wide.
Luzon, Bataan Province, Mount Mariveles, For. Bur. 12395 Curran &
Merritt, August 1908 (type.) The type consists of three mature fruits,
two young seedlings and one adult leaf, picked up under the parent tree.
There has been but the one collection. As always, where the material is
picked up under the tree, there is question of the accuracy of the diagnosis.
However, the collectors were very careful and it has seemed desirable to
give this collection a name. In 1911 6 I published a note concerning this
apparently distinct form.
17. DIPTEROCARPUS ORBICULARIS sp. nov.
Arbor magna. Foliis suborbicularis vel obovatis, 9 ad 22 cm
longis, 6 ad 11 cm latis, acuminatis, basi cuneatis vel rotundatis;
nervis secondariis 9 ad 12 ; nervis tertiariis parallelis vel reticu-
latis ; pagina superiore glabra, inferiore pilosa. Fructus alatus,
alae membranaceae.
A large tree with brownish tomentum on twigs, petioles and
underside of leaves. Leaves mostly suborbicular, some obovate,
9 to 12 cm long, 6 to 11 cm wide, with crenulate margins; apex
shortly and very bluntly acuminate; base rounded or cuneate.
Secondary nerves 9 to 12 pairs ; tertiary veins parallel and reticu-
late. Petioles 2.5 to 3.5 cm long. Twigs, buds, petioles, and
margins of leaves densely clothed with long pilose hairs. Upper
side of leaf glabrous, except for a few scattered hairs along the
veins. Lower surface very thickly covered with large stellate
hairs, many of which are set on the tertiary veins. The second-
ary veins and midvein are clothed, for the most part, with pilose
hairs. The secondary veins unite near the margin with a fine
intramarginal vein, which is very much the same size as the
tertiary veins and united with them. Fruit (immature) with
membranous wings as in D. grandiflorus Blanco.
Luzon, Camarines Province, For. Bur. 21719 Penas, Soriano and
Abellanosa, April 26, 1914 (type).
This form differs from all other known species of the genus by the
orbicular or nearly orbicular leaves.
There are found in the collections also the following sheets, which were
° Philip. Journ. Sci. 6 (1911) Bot. 253, t. 38.
xiii, c, 3 Foxworthy : Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II
181
placed provisionally under Dipterocarpus speciosus Brandis : For. Bur.
10711 Curran, 1908 (with old fruit), For. Bur. 22616 Alvarez, 1911, For.
Bur. 21737 Penas, Soriano & Abellanosa, 1914, For. Bur. 21216 Alvarez,
1914. All of these specimens were collected in Camarines Province and
all were sterile, except Curran’s specimen, which had fruit picked up
under the tree. These all have leaves very much larger and with a larger
number of secondary veins than those of the type. They may well rep-
resent another species; but, for the present, it seems well to place them
under this.
Villamil 11, collected in the southeastern part of British North Borneo
in 1915, seems to belong with the form just mentioned.
2. ANISOPTERA Korthals
Key to the Philippine species of Anisoptera
a 1. Leaves brown, hairy beneath... 1. A. brunnea.
a7. Leaves yellow beneath.
b1. Leaves always distinctly gold-yellow beneath 2. A. curtisii.
b2. Only the young leaves golden-yellow beneath, mature leaves green
beneath 3. A. sp.
a*. Leaves green beneath.
61. Flowers white, 1 cm in diameter, in spreading erect panicles.. 5. A.
mindanensis.
b2. Flowers yellow, less than 1 cm in diameter, crowded in drooping
panicles „ 4. A thurifera.
1. ANISOPTERA BRUNNEA Foxw. Afu.
Luzon: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte. Samar.
2. ANISOPTERA CURTISII Dyer. Dagang.
Luzon: Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines. Poli-
llo. Negros.
3. ANISOPTERA sp.
This is the form which is apparently intermediate between Anisoptera
thurifera and A. curtisii. It is known only from Bataan Province, Luzon.
4. ANISOPTERA THURIFERA (Blanco) Blume.
Luzon : Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra, Nueva Viscaya, Pan-
gasinan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Bataan, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Cama-
rines, Albay. Ticao. Mindoro. Masbate. Sibuyan. Samar. Negros.
Panay: Iloilo, Capiz. Mindanao: Zamboanga.
The commonest names for this species are mayapis, palosapis, and
lauan.
5. ANISOPTERA MINDANENSIS sp nov.
Arbor magna. Folia elliptica vel oblonga, chartacea, glabra;
lamina 11.5 ad 14.5 cm longa, 5.7 ad 7 cm lata, nervis secundariis
utrinque 16 ; petiolo 18 ad 20 mm longo. Flores 1.5 cm diametro.
Calycis segmenta valvata, lanceolata, pubescentia. Petala oblon-
ga vel obovata, 10 mm longa, 6 mm lata. Stamina 25 ad 30, fila-
mentis 0.3 mm longis, antheris 0.3 ad 0.6 mm, arista 2 ad 2.5
182 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
mm longa. Stylopodio vix constricto, 3.5 mm longo. Stylis 0.4
mm longis.
A large tree. Leaves glabrous or nearly so, chartaceous,
oblong-elliptic, 11.5 to 14.5 cm long, 5.7 to 7 cm wide; secondary
veins about 20 pairs, in the lower half of the leaf with a number
of short intermediate veins ; tertiary veins very prominent, retic-
ulate. Secondary veins anastomosing near the margin, which
is entire and slightly inrolled. Petiole 18 to 20 mm long.
Flower clusters paniculate, apparently terminal and erect.
Flowers white. Small branches of inflorescence stellate-pubes-
cent. Pedicels 1 to 2 mm long, slender. Flowers spreading,
about 1.5 cm in diameter. Calyx segments valvate, lanceolate,
acute, pubescent on both surfaces, 3 mm long and 2 mm wide
at the base. Petals oblong or obovate, 10 mm long, 6 mm wide.
Stamens 25 to 30, filaments short, connective with very long
appendage, 4 to 5 times as long as anther cells. Filaments about
0.3 mm long, anther cells 0.3 to 0.6 mm long, connective 2 to
2.5 mm long. Inner pair of anther cells much smaller than the
outer. Stylopodium very large, almost cylindric, somewhat con-
stricted just above the base and tapering at the top, about 3.5
mm long and 1.5 mm in diameter, deeply ridged, crowned by
three short, slender styles, each about 0.4 mm long. Stylopodium
pubescent for its whole length, very distinct in appearance from
that of other species examined.
Mindanao, Zamboanga, For. Bur. 21899 Villamil, May 19, 1914 (type).
For. Bur. 9371 and 9135 Whitford & Hutchinson, also collected in Zam-
boanga Province, belong here, as does For. Bur. 23833 Villamil, collected
in the same neighborhood as the type in May 1914. For Bur. 25937 Cortes,
from Samar, June, 1916, seems also to belong here.
3. HOPE A Roxburgh
This genus shows a very large percentage of endemism. Of the sixty-
five species known in the genus, thirteen are found in the Philippines. Of
these but three Hopea ovalifolia Boerl., West Borneo, H. pierrei Hance,
and H. odorata Roxb., are known outside the Archipelago.
Key to the Philippine species of Hopea.
a1. Secondary veins few and prominent.
b1. Leaves narrowly oblong, unilaterally unsymmetrical.
c.1 Leaves 10 to 15 cm long, 2.2 to 7 cm wide; calyx-wings less than
8 cm long.
d1. Stipules long, semipersistent; calyx-wings 6 to 7.5 cm long.
3. H. philippinensis.
d2. Stipules short; calyx-wings 3.5 to 4.3 cm long.. 1. H. basilanica.
c1. Leaves larger; calyx- wings 8 cm or more in length.
2. H. mindanensis.
xni, c, 3 Foxworthy : Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II
183
b 2. Leaves not narrowly oblong.
c1. Leaves broad, elliptic-oval 7. H. ovalifolia.
c2. Leaves lanceolate to ovate lanceolate.
d1. Leaves 3 to 6 cm long, with few (5 to 7) pairs of secondary
veins 6. H. sp. ( gyam ) .
d2. Leaves larger and with a greater number of veins.
e1. Leaves long acuminate, without domatia.
f. Calyx-wings more than 3 cm long 9. H. maquilingensis.
f. Calyx-wings less than 3 cm long 8. H. acuminata.
e2. Leaves not long acuminate, domatia prominent.
f. Fruit 5 to 6 mm in diameter; wings oblanceolate.
4. H. plagata.
f'\ Fruit up to 9 cm in diameter; wings broader, sometimes
almost oblong 5. H. odorata.
a'. Secondary veins not distant; leaves coriaceous, glabrous, with numerous
indistinct and almost parallel secondary veins.
b1. Leaves 8 to 12 cm long; calyx-wings 4.5 to 5 cm long.. 13. H. malibato.
b2. Leaves and fruit smaller.
c\ Fruit more than 1 cm long 12. H. glutinosa.
c2. Fruit less than 1 cm long.
d.1 Fruit reddish-brown; leaves with domatia 10. H. pierrei.
d2. Fruit greenish, leaves without domatia 11. H. foxworthyi.
1. HOPEA BASILANICA Foxw.
Basilan.
2. HOPEA M I N DAN ENSIS Foxw. '
Mindanao, Zamboanga.
3. HOPEA PHILiPPiNENSIS Dyer.
Luzon: Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay. Negros. Samar. Leyte.
Biliran. Mindanao: Agusan, Lanao, Zamboanga.
4. HOPEA PLAGATA (Blanco) Vidal.
Luzon: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Panga-
sinan, Tarlac, Zambales, Bataan, Bulacan, Tayabas, Camarines, Sorsogon.
Mindoro. Tablas. Bohol. Basilan. Mindanao: Cotabato, Zamboanga.
5. HOPEA ODORATA Roxb.
For. Bur. 25889, 26133, Borromeo and Alhambra, both collected in Ba-
taan Province, Luzon, in July, 1916, seem to represent this species. The
material is in fruit, which looks very much like the figure given by Kor-
thals, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. (1839-42) 75, and also much like the fruit
figured in Roxburg’s PI. Coromandel 3 (1819) 7, t. 210. Vidal, in his
Atlas (1883) t. 15, f. A 1-5, figures a form under the name of H. odorata.
The leaves and flowers are said to have come from San Miguel de Mayumo,
Bulacan Province, Luzon. The form figured seems to be H. plagata, in
everything except the fruit, which is copied from Korthals’ figure. Hopea
odorata occurs in Burma, Siam, Cochinchina, the Andamans, and Borneo.
6. HOPEA sp. (Gyam).
Tawitawi.
7. HOPEA OVALIFOLIA Boerl.
Mindanao: Zamboanga, Agusan. Luzon, Camarines. Samar.
8. HOPEA ACUMINATA Merr.
Luzon : Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Vizcaya, La Union, Pangasinan,
184
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sor-
sogon. Mindoro. Leyte. Mindanao: Misamis, Davao.
9. HOPEA MAQUILINGENSIS sp. nov.
Arbor, H. acuminatae similis sed fructibus majoribus.
A medium-sized or large tree. Leaves chartaceous, lanceolate-
acuminate, glabrous above, except for occasional hairs on the
midrib, paler and pubescent beneath, domatia in the axils of the
lower veins, 5.5 to 9.5 cm long, 2 to 3.6 cm wide, rounded or
subcuneate and slightly inequilateral at the base, secondary veins
8 to 10 pairs. Petiole 6 to 9 mm long. Young twigs slender,
dark brown. Fruit conical, about 4 mm high and about 3 mm in
diameter, surmounted by the 0.5 mm long style.' Calyx -lobes
densely gray-pubescent, the two long ones up to 5 cm long and
1 cm wide, oblanceolate, pale green, with slight pubescence, prin-
cipal longitudinal nerves about 7, transverse veins irregular and
rather indistinct. Flowers in unilateral racemes and these in
much branched panicles. Racemes 3 cm long or less, panicles 8
cm long or less. Stamens 10. Anthers about 0.4 mm long, ap-
pendage very slender, as long as the anther. Filament short and
thick, 0.5 mm long, 0.3 mm wide. Ovary cylindric, 0.7 mm in
diameter, 0.8 to 0.9 mm high, gray-pubescent. Style pubescent,
slender, dark brown, 0.3 mm long. Stylopodium none.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, For. Bur. s. n. Canacosa,
August 1914 (type) For. Bur. 21988 and 22969 Canacosa.
This form is a smaller tree than Hopea acuminata and has a thinner,
lighter, less deeply furrowed bark; the leaves are rather more pubescent
on the underside, and the fruit is much larger.
10. HOPEA PIERREI Hance.
Luzon: Cagayan, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Laguna, Ta-
yabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon. Polillo. Mindoro. Negros. Samar.
Mindanao, Lanao.
11. HOPEA FOXWORTHYI Elmer in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 4 (1912) 1469.
Sibuyan. Mindanao, Zamboanga.
This species differs from Hopea pierrei by its smaller leaves without
domatia and its pale-greenish fruits.
12. HOPEA GLUTINOSA Elmer in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 4 (1912) 1470.
Sibuyan. Luzon, Laguna. Panay, Capiz.
This is most closely related to Hopea pierrei, from which it differs by its
larger, glutinous fruits.
13. HOPEA MALI BATO Foxw. in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 6 (1913) 1953.
Mindanao, Agusan.
This is most closely related to Hopea beccariana Burck, from which it
differs in the greater size of the leaves and the fruits and in the greater
number of veins on the larger fruit wings. It differs from Hopea pierrei
xni, c. 3 Foxworthy : Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 185
Hance in the greater size of the leaves and the fruits and in the evident
resinous coating of the upper part of the fruit.
4. PENTACME A. de Candolle
Key to the Philippine species of Pentacme.
a'. Leaves lanceolate, more than 15 cm long 1. P. mindanensis.
a*. Leaves less than 15 cm long, ovate or oblong.
ft1. Leaves glabrous on both sides 2. P. contorta.
fea. Leaves tomentose on under side 3. P. sp. (from Tayabas).
1. PENTACME MINDANENSIS sp. nov.
Arbor magna. Foliis et fructibus P. contortae similis sed
majoribus.
A large tree with oblong-lanceolate glabrous leaves, which are
bluntly acuminate, with rounded bases, 19 to 29 cm long, 8 to 10
cm wide; secondary nerves 8 to 12 pairs. Petioles 2.5 to 4 cm
long. Flower clusters paniculate, terminal. Individual flowers
on slightly obconical pedicels 1 to 2 mm long. Branches of the
inflorescence stellate-pubescent. Pedicels and outside of calyx-
lobes grayish pubescent. Inside of the calyx puberulous. Sepals
imbricate, broadly elliptic, concave, 6 mm long, 5 to 6 mm wide,
with a fringe of coarser pubescence along the edge, and very faint
longitudinal vein-like markings. Corolla spreading, about 1.5 cm
in diameter. Petals grayish pubescent on the outside, yellow or
brownish within, spreading after surpassing the sepals, obovate-
elliptic, sometimes slightly retuse at the apex, narrowed to the
base, 12 to 13 mm long, 4.5 to 6 mm wide, with about 15 longitu-
dinal veins. Stamens fifteen, 8 mm long. Filament thick, 3.5
mm long 0.6 mm wide. Anther cells narrowly oblong, mucronate
at apex, each anther with five mucronate appendages. Anther
4.5 mm long 0.8 mm wide. Appendages short, 0.5 to 1.0 mm
long; anther-cells tapering to the apex. Ovary depressed-
hemispheric, densely pubescent, 1.8 mm high, 2 mm in diameter,
tapering abruptly into the long, cylindric, pubescent, faintly
ridged style, which is 6.6 mm long and 0.3 mm in diameter,
slightly hollowed at apex.
The fruit is pubescent, 3 cm long, 13 to 14 mm in diameter.
The long wings are 7 to 8 cm long, 15 to 27 mm wide ; the short
wings 2.5 to 3 cm long, 6 to 7 mm wide ; longitudinal veins 12 to
14, transverse veins numerous, distinct, oblique.
Mindanao, Zamboanga Province, For. Bur. 21893' Villamil, May 25, 1914
(type).
Other collections referred to this species are: For. Bur. 18787 , 18792
Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, Zamboanga, June 19, 1912; Mrs. Clemens
247, Lanao, Mindanao, February, 1905 ; For. Bur. 24.327 Cortez & Fernandez,
186
The Philippine Journal of Science
191S
For. Bur. 23831 Villamil, Naganaga, Zamboanga, Mindanao, May, 1914, in
flower; For. Bur. 25193, 25210 Alvarez, Lanao, Mindanao; For. Bur. b813
Hutchinson, Basilan, July, 1906 (in fruit) ; For. Bur. 22757 Nave, Olutanga
Island, June, 1914, with immature fruit.
The flowers of this species are very much like those of Pentacme con-
torta, but are rather larger and have the ovary distinctly pubescent. It
grows in much the same situations as P. contorta, and produces the same
kind of wood. It is known in southern Mindanao as malacayan bianco.
The large leaves and the rather large fruit are the characters by which
the species is most readily recognized.
2. PENTACME CONTORTA (Vid.) Merr. & Rolfe.
Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra, Bontoc,
Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Zambales, Bataan,
Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon. Polillo.
Marinduque. Mindoro. Masbate. Sibuyan. Samar. Negros. Basilan.
Mindanao: Agusan, Davao, Cotabato, Lanao, Zamboanga.
3. PENTACME sp.
This is a very little known form, of which sterile material was once
collected in Tayabas. It is not certain that it should go in this genus and
will remain in doubt till more complete material is collected.
5. SHOREA Roxb.
Of about one hundred species in this genus, twenty-one are known from
the Philippines. These include several of our most important woods.
Most red lauan and mangasinoro, all tan guile and guijo, and some kinds
of yacals and white lauans are produced by species of Shorea.
Collectively, the members of this genus produce at least 35 per cent
by volume of the stand of our commercial forests. There is considerable
variation in leaf, bark, and wood characters. Some of the species have
been collected only in flower, others in fruit, and yet others only with
sterile material. This has made it difficult to be sure of the specific identi-
fication in a number of instances and has made it very difficult to prepare
a key to the Philippine species. In a number of cases, it has not been
practicable to refer collections to any particular species, and most of these
cases have been left out of consideration in preparing the key. I have
found it necessary to use wood characters for the main divisions of the
key, in default of sufficiently sharp leaf differences.
Key to the Philippine species of Shorea.
a1. Wood very hard and heavy, dark-yellowish, or yellowish-brown.
The yacals.
b\ Leaves the same color on both surfaces 18. S. scrobiculata.
b2. Leaves lighter colored beneath.
c1. Leaves cuneate or subcuneate at base.
{f. Secondary nerves 8 or 9 pairs 2. S. ciliata.
d2. Secondary nerves about 14 pairs 4. S. malibato.
c2. Leaves rounded at base.
d1. Style very short or wanting 3. S. astylosa.
<f. Style distinct.
e1. Leaves ovate-oblong 16 cm long, 7 cm wide.. 1. S. balangeran.
e2. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate 8.5 to 12 cm long, 3 to 6
cm wide , 5. S. falciferoides.
xiii, c, s Foxworthy : Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II
187-
a*. Wood white to reddish, not very hard.
bl. Leaves distinctly lighter-colored beneath.
e\ Leaves retuse at apex, coriaceous, almost glabrous beneath; wood
soft, light-colored and coarse-grained.
P. Leaves 6 to 9 cm long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide 7. S. polita.
P. Leaves 6 to 12 cm long, 4 to 6.5 cm wide 6. S. malaanonan.
c\ Leaves acute at apex, chartaceous, with grayish pubescence of
stellate hairs beneath, wood hard, fine-grained, red.
11. S. sp. (pubescent guijo).
b‘. Leaves usually the same color on both surfaces.
cl. Stipules small and early deciduous.
p. Domatia usually conspicuous 20. S. plagata.
P. Domatia not conspicuous.
e\ Leaf-bases usually cuneate; wood hard and pale red.
10. S. guiso.
e\ Leaf-bases usually rounded or cordate.
/*. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous or with scanty pubescence of
simple hairs.
g1. Leaves lanceolate 15. S. polysperma.
g2. Leaves broadly elliptic 16. S. warburgii.
g 3. Leaves broadly ovate 21. S. mindanensis.
p. Leaves chartaceous with pubescence of stellate hairs beneath.
8. S. philippinensis.
cr. Stipules of some size, sometimes persistent, at least on young shoots.
p. Stipules broadly ovoid, acute or obtuse, thickly covered with
stellate hairs.
e1. Leaves large, copper-colored when dry 12. S. squamata.
e2. Leaves small, pallid when dry 9. S. pallida.
P. Stipules lanceolate acuminate.
e1. Leaves lanceolate-acuminate, narrow, not prominently stellate-
pubescent beneath ; buds scurfy 17. S. teysmanniana.
e2. Leaves elliptic or oblong, acuminate, prominently stellate-
pubescent beneath.
/\ Tertiary veins thickly beset with stellate hairs; wood pale
red.
g1. Twigs scurfy 13. S. rugosa.
g2. Twigs not scurfy 14. S. eximia.
f. Tertiary veins not so thickly covered with stellate hairs;
wood bright red 19. S. negrosensis.
1. SHOREA BALANGERAN (Korth.) Dyer.
Our material credited to this species resembles very closely that shown
in Korthals’ original figure [Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. (1848) t. 7] in leaf
and flower characters, except that there are more than fifteen stamens,
in some cases about thirty, and the appendage to the connective is ciliate.
The style is also shorter than that shown in the figure. I have not seen
the type of Shorea balangeran and thus do not feel that it is desirable to
describe our form as a new species. Much of our material is sterile. The
fruit has not yet been collected.
Luzon : Pangasinan, Zambales, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay. Leyte.
Samar. Mindanao: Agusan, Davao, Zamboanga.
155562 — — 5
188 The Philippine Journal of Science isis
2. SHOREA Cl LI AT A King.
This species has previously been reported only from Penang. It is
represented by For. Bur. 22788 Tabat, collected in flower April 20, 1914,
at Pinagcamaligan, Tayabas Province, Luzon, growing in lowland forest.
It is known by the local name yacal. It matches very closely the des-
cription of the species in the flowers and leaves. The fruit has not yet
been collected in the Philippines. It is represented also by Bur. Sci. 18575
McGregor, in flower, collected on Biliran Island, May 24, 1914.
This is a large tree with smooth brownish bark and yellowish inner
bark, which is very resinous. The leaves are coriaceous, glabrous above,
lighter colored, sometimes almost glaucous, and slightly pubescent beneath,
elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, 6.5 to 9 cm long, 2.4
to 3.4 cm wide; petiole brownish, sometimes pubescent, 12 to 15 mm long;
secondary veins 8 or 9 pairs, tertiary veins parallel and reticulate. Flowers
yellowish, with sweet odor.
3. SHOREA ASTVLOSA sp. nov.
Arbor excelsa. Folia ovata, acuminata, basi rotundata, gla-
bra; nervis secundariis utrinque 8 ad 12. S. balangeran similis
sed foliis brevioribus et staminibus ciliatis.
A very large tree, 25 to 30 m tall and 1 m or more in diameter.
Wood very hard, dark brownish-yellow, resinous. Leaves ovate,
entire, margins slightly inrolled, rounded at base, acuminate at
apex, glabrous on upper surface and only slightly puberulent
beneath, lighter-colored beneath, coriaceous, shining, 6.5 to 9 cm
long, 3.5 to 4.5 cm wide; petioles dark-colored, slender, 1 to 2 cm
long. Twigs very dark, almost black. Secondary veins 8 to 12
pairs, tertiary veins fine, parallel and reticulate, almost as distinct
above as below. Flowers pale to rusty yellow with a sweet odor.
Inflorescence axillary, paniculate, less than 5 cm long. Branches
of inflorescence, calyx and outside of corolla grayish pubescent.
Sepals broadly ovate, grayish pubescent on the outside, smoother
within, concave, imbricate, 1.5 mm long and wide. Petals oblong-
lanceolate, rusty yellow, 8 mm long, 2 mm wide, rounded at apex,
more or less twisted, convolute in bud, concave, grayish pubescent
on the outside and faintly puberulous within. Stamens 20 to 30,
less than 1 mm long, filaments short, anther cells elliptic-oblong,
about 0.2 mm long, appendix to connective ciliate about 0.3 mm
long. Ovary pyramidal or conical, grayish pubescent, 1.5 mm
tall and about 1 mm in diameter at the base, bluntly rounded
at the apex. Style practically absent or very short. Fruit
unknown.
Mindanao, Zamboanga Province, For. Bur. 13271 Foxworthy, De Mesa,
& Villamil, May 8, 1912, collected on a bluff overlooking a swamp at the
edge of Dumanquilas Bay (type) . Local name, yacal.
This species differs from Shorea balangeran by the shorter and relatively
broader leaves, with a smaller number of secondary veins; the smaller size
xm, c, 3 Foxworthy : Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 189
of the flowers; and the almost or complete absence of a style. It differs
from S. ciliata in the broader leaves, which are rounded at the base; and
in the jpetals, ovary and style. It is further represented by the following
specimens :
Mindanao, Zamboanga Province, For. Bur. 23836, 23835, 21992, 21999
Villamil, May, 1914, For. Bur. 13287 Foxworthy, De Mesa, & Villamil, May,
1912; Agusan Province, For. Bur. 21138 Miras, Soriano, & Mariano; LUZON,
Camarines Province, For. Bur. 21132, 21160 Alvarez, May, 1914.
4. SHOREA MALI BATO Foxw. in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 6 (1913) 1955.
This is represented by the original collection from Agusan Province,
Mindanao. The leaves resemble those of Shorea ciliata, but the fruit is
smaller and the long calyx-lobes have more numerous longitudinal nerves.
For. Bur. 22786 Miranda, collected in Zamboanga Province, Mindanao,
August 17, 1914, under the name of guijo amarillo, has fruit which seems
to be intermediate between that of Shorea malibato and S. ciliata. The
fruit is slightly larger than that of S. ciliata and the wings are those of
5. malibato.
5. SHOREA FALCI FEROI DES sp. nov. Yamban matibia (Zambales).
Arbor magna. Foliis et fructibus S. falciferae similis sed foliis
majoribus et fructibus minoribus.
A large tree with oblong to oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous leaves
which are glabrous or nearly so and dark green above, distinctly
lighter and finely pubescent beneath, 8.5 to 12 cm long, 8 to 6 cm
wide, rather abruptly blunt acuminate at apex, rounded at base ;
secondary veins 12 to 14 pairs, occasionally with domatia in the
axils of some of the lower veins, tertiary veins not conspicuous;
petiole 15 to 20 mm long, grayish pubescent, as are also the
twigs and the branches of the flower clusters. Stipules small,
deciduous. Fruit conical gray pubescent, tapering into the hairy
persistent style, 7 to 8 mm in diameter and 7 to 10 mm tall. The
three long calyx-lobes 4 to 5 cm long, 10 to 12 mm wide, grayish
pubescent, oblanceolate, with 8 to 10 principal longitudinal veins
and numerous irregular cross-veins, the short wings 2.5 to 8 cm
long, 2 to 3 mm wide, oblanceolate, with about the same number
of longitudinal veins as the larger wings. Flowers unknown.
Luzon, Zambales Province, Masinloc, For. Bur. 25661 Mayor, June 8,
1916 (type) .
This form resembles Shorea falcifera Dyer but has larger and differently
shaped leaves, with a greater number of veins and smaller fruits. The
wood is said to be of very good quality and to be used for structural work.
6. SHOREA MALAANONAN (Blanco) Blume in Mus. Lugd. Bat. 2 (1852)
34; Foxw. in Phil. Journ. Sci. 6 (1911) Bot. 270.
Mocanera malaanonan Blanco, FI. Filip. (1837) 858.
Dipterocarpus malaanonan Blanco, FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 312,
This species is still but little known. Blanco’s description is not a close
one and the material referred to this species presents considerable variation.
Other species that have been considered as belonging here are Parashorea
190 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
plicata and Shorea polita. The principal reason for considering the first
as a possibility is that it has the underside of the leaves whitish and is
sometimes known by the common name of malaanonan. Both of these con-
ditions are met by the other two species. Blanco’s description refers to
three long calyx lobes in the fruit, which would certainly indicate Shorea
rather than Parashorea. The description also mentions three stigmas,
which is not the case in Parashorea plicata. It is often known as lauan
or malaanonan. The common names reported for it from different prov-
inces are: Litoc (Cagayan); apnit (Ilocos Sur) ; lauan or lauan puti
(Nueva Ecija, Zambales, and Tayabas) ; malaanonang (Rizal) ; baliuisiuis
(Pang.). Much of our material is sterile and some of the material re-
ferred here is very doubtfully identified.
Shorea polita Vid. I now believe to be a distinct species, differing from
S. malaanonan by the smaller leaves. The fruit of the two forms is very
similar.
Luzon: Cagayan, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Rizal,
Tayabas.
7. SHOREA POLITA Vidal Sinopsis, Atlas (1883) 15, t. 15, f. d.
In my former paper I placed this, mistakenly, with S. malaanonan, from
which it seems to be distinct. It is known by the following local names:
Litoc (Cagayan) ; lauan (Zambales) ; malaanonang (Rizal) ; danlig (Ri-
zal); and mangasinoro (Tayabas).
Luzon: Cagayan, Zambales, Rizal, Tayabas.
8. SHOREA PHILIPPINENSIS Brandis.
We are no nearer to understanding this species than we were six years
since.
Luzon: Bulacan, Bataan, Tayabas. Ticao. Leyte.
9. SHOREA PALLIDA sp. nov.
Arbor, ramuli pilis stellatis tecti. Folia coriacea elliptica,
brevissime acuminata, basi rotundata vel subcordata, petiolis et
subtus foliis pilis stellatis obtectis, nervis secundariis utrinque
12 ad 15, tertiariis conspicuis. Fructus ovoideus, alae 3 oblongo-
spatulatae, 7 cm longae, 16 mm latae.
A large tree 30 m high and 75 cm in diameter. Wood white
to brownish, soft, wood parenchyma lines and lines of resin-
canals inconspicuous or wanting. Vessels arranged in more or
less regular patterns. Wood resembling that of Pentacme in
appearance. Leaves elliptic, coriaceous, pallid above and beneath
when dry, the very young leaves being darker in color, bluntly
acuminate at apex, rounded or subcordate at base, 5 to 9 cm long,
3 to 5 cm wide. Secondary nerves 12 to 15 pairs, tertiary nerves
distinct. Petioles short, 8 to 9 mm long, pubescent.
Stipular-bracts enclosing the bud triangular-ovate, rather large
and semipersistent, with several longitudinal nerves; stipules
leaving a distinct scar on falling. Twigs dark colored, pubescent,
with short internodes. Fruit ovoid, about 1 cm long and about
the same diameter, enclosed by the bases of the calyx lobes ; three
xl i, c, 3 Foxworthy : Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II
191
wings longer than the rest, oblong-spatulate, 7 cm long, 16 mm
wide, with 10 to 12 longitudinal veins and numerous reticulate
cross veins ; the shorter wings 4 to 6 cm long and 5 to 6 mm wide,
with only 5 or 6 long nerves. Fruit green when fresh, reddish
brown when dry.
Luzon, Cagayan Province, on river bank at Missionis near the coast,
For. Bur. 17158 Curran, March, 1909 (type). Common name saray.
Other collections: For. Bur. 17652 Curran, Laguna, February, 1910 (ster-
ile) ; For. Bur. s. n. Curran, Cagayan, February, 1912 (fallen fruit picked
up from the ground) ; For. Bur. 12996 Bernardo, Cagayan, July, 1911 (in
fruit) ; For. Bur. 708U Klemme, Cagayan, May, 1907.
This form was noted in a previous article.'
10. SHOREA GUISO (Blanco) Blume.
Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Bontoc, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra, Union,
Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Tarlac, Zambales, Bataan,
Pampanga, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay,
Sorsogon. Marinduque. Ticao. Mindoro. Masbate. Samar. Leyte.
Negros. Panay, Capiz. Mindanao: Agusan, Misamis, Davao, Cotabato,
Zamboanga.
11. SHOREA sp. (pubescent guijo).
Luzon: Bataan, Zambales, Pampanga, Laguna.
12. SHOREA SQUAMATA (Turcz.) Dyer.
Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Rizal,
Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon. Polillo. Marinduque.
Mindoro. Samar. Leyte. Bohol. Biliran. Basilan. Mindanao: Su-
rigao, Agusan, Misamis, Davao, Lanao, Zamboanga.
13. SHOREA RUGOSA Heim.
Mindanao, Zamboanga, For. Bur. 13298' Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil,
in fruit, May 17, 1912.
This was previously known only from Borneo. It resembles Shorea
eximia but differs by the scurfy twigs and the smaller, stellate-pubescent
fruits. The wood is a red lauan.
14. SHORA EXIMIA (Miq.) Scheffer.
Luzon : Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon. Samar. Negros. Ba-
silan. Mindanao, Agusan, Lanao, Zamboanga.
15. SHOREA POLYSPERMA (Blanco) Merr.
Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Bu-
lacan, Zambales, Bataan, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon.
Marinduque. Samar. Leyte. Cebu. Mindoro. Negros. Panay, Capiz.
Biliran. Basilan. Mindanao: Surigao, Cotabato.
This species seems to be very variable in fruit characters.
16. SHOREA WARBURGII Gilg.
This may be not distinct from Shorea polysperma, but I am not sure
of it. It seems to have broader leaves than that species. Our material
is sterile and is from Cagayan Province, Luzon, and from Samar.
8 Philip. Journ. Bot. 6 (1911) Bot. 272.
192 The Philippine Journal of Science 191s
17. SHOREA TEYSMANNIANA Dyer.
Luzon: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Laguna, Tayabas,
Camarines, Sorsogon. Polillo. Mindanao: Agusan.
This species has not yet been found in flower or fruit.
18. SHOREA SCROBICULATA Burck.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, For. Bur. 22712, July 30, 1914. This differs
from the type of Shorea scrobiculata in having generally smaller leaves
and fruits and in the longer and more slender wings to the fruits. Its
general appearance is so like the species, however, that it is thought best
to place it with S. scrobiculata, for the present. Credited with being a
yacal. This species has, till now, been known only from Borneo.
19. SHOREA NEGROSENSIS Foxw.
Luzon : Cagayan, Isabela, Laguna, Tayabas, Albay, Sorsogon. Negros.
Mindanao: Surigao, Agusan.
20. SHOREA PLAGATA sp. nov. § Anthosliorea.
Arbor magna, 40 m alta, 90 cm diametro. Cortex nigro, cras-
so, squamuloso. Folia coriacea, ovato-lanceolata vel elliptica;
lamina 6 ad 12 cm longa, 3 ad 5.5 cm lata ; petiolo 12 ad 15 mm
longo, nigro. Nervis secundariis 9 ad 12, plerumque 10. Stipu-
lae parvae, fugaceae. Paniculae terminates. Flores ignota.
Fructus ovoideus, sericeus, 12 ad 15 mm longus, 11 mm diametro.
Ovarium, conoideum sericeum. Stylopodium 0. Stylus conicus,
sericeus. Alae 5, 3 majora 7 cm longa, 12 ad 16 mm lata; nerviis
longitudinalis 7 ad 10, reticulatis.
A very large tree with thick black, furrowed or scaly bark.
Heartwood dark red, moderately hard and light. A fine grade
of red lauan but harder and heavier than is usually the case with
that wood. It has some resemblance to guijo and is locally
known by that name. It grows with other Dipterocarps in tall
forest. The fruit, when fresh, showed a distinct reddish tinge
in the wings, the nut being covered with a pate silky pubescence.
The fruit is eaten by the forest animals very quickly after its fall.
Mindanao, Zamboanga District, Port Banga, For. Bur. 13758, Fox-
worthy, De Mesa & Villamil, June 17, 1912 (type). This species was first
collected by Whitford & Hutchinson, Por. Bur. 917 1, 9193', in the same
neighborhood, in December and January, 1907 and 1908. More recent
collections have been (all of them from the same part of the Zamboanga
Peninsula) : For. Bur. 11210, Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, June, 1912
(with the name malacayan Colorado) ; For. Bur. 20266, Stadtmiller &
Ferraris, January, 1913.
The specific name “plagata” is given because of the resemblance of the
leaves to those of Hopea plagata. It is allied to Shorea selanica Blume
and apparently also is rather closely related to Shorea warburgii Gilg.
21. SHOREA MINDANENSIS sp. nov. § Anthoshorea.
Arbor magna. Folia late ovata, elliptica vel oblonga, 6.5 ad
xiii, c, 3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae , II 193
10.5 cm longa, 4.3 ad 6.5 cm lata, glabra, apice retusa, abrupte
acuminata, basi rotundata vel subcuneata. Nervis secundariis
circa 14, tertiariis parallelis et reticulatis, non conspicuis. Pe-
tiolo 2 ad 2.5 cm longo. Stamina connectivi appendice quam
loculis anthereae 2-3-plo longiore. Filamenta brevis. Stylopo-
dio nullo. Ovario depresse conico. Stylo longo. Fructus viri-
dis; alae longiores, circa 5 cm longae et 1 cm latae, breviores
circa 2 cm longae, fructus circiter 1 cm longus.
A large tree, 35 to 50 m tall and 50 to 150 cm in diameter.
Bark thick, dark, and furrowed longitudinally. Leaves broadly
elliptic to oblong, usually retuse at the apex, sometimes shortly
and very bluntly acuminate. Base rounded or subcuneate, 6.5
to 10.5 cm long, 4.3 to 6.5 cm broad, glabrous on both surfaces.
Secondary nerves about 14 pairs, tertiary veins parallel and reti-
culate, not very prominent. Petioles 2 to 2.5 cm long. Flowers
(picked up on ground under the tree) with appendix to connective
2 to 3 times as long as anther cells. Filaments short, less than
half the length of anther. No stylopodium. Ovary flatly conical.
Style long and slender. Stigma 3-lobed. Ovary and lower part
of style pubescent. Fruit green when fresh; the three long
wings about 5 cm long and up to 1 cm wide, the two short wings
about 2 cm long. Fruit about 1 cm long.
Basilan, For. Bur. 13769 Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, April 27,
1912 (type).
The flowers were picked up from the ground. They had evidently been
borne a week or two earlier. It is locally known as kalunti and is one of
the very common timber trees in Basilan and southern Mindanao.
Other collections of this species are: For. Bur. 13768 Foxworthy, De
.Mesa & Villamil, Basilan, April 27, 1912; For. Bur. 13902, Zamboanga,
same collectors, June, 1912; For. Bur. 9076, 9130 Whitford & Hutchinson,
Zamboanga, Dec. 1907, also 9372, same place, Jan. 1908; For. Bur. 1329 U
Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, Zamboanga, May 17, 1912. This was
known as kalunti Colorado and is possibly a distinct species. For . Bur.
13289 Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, opposite Olutanga Island, May
16, 1912, is possibly a distinct species. It was collected under the name
of mangasinoro.
Fruit described from immature material. Base green, wings maroon
color. Fruits borne in a panicle. Two small and three long wings, en-
closing the fruit very closely. The large wings 3.5 to 7 cm long and 7
to 11 cm wide, with about 10 nerves. Short wings 1.8 to 2 cm long and
2 to 3 mm wide. Very abundant fruiting, but much the largest part of
the seeds drop before maturing.
6. PARASHOREA Kurz
Key to the Philippine species of Parashorea.
a1. Fruit less than 1 cm in diameter 1. P. plicata.
a1. Fruit 2 cm in diameter.. 2. P. warhurgii.
194
The Philippine Journal of Science
191 J
1. PARASHOREA PLICATA Brandis.
Luzon: Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines,
Albay, Sorsogon. Polillo. Catanduanes. Masbate. Samar. Leyte.
Cebu. Negros. Panay, Capiz. Biliran. Mindanao: Surigao, Agusan,
Davao, Zamboanga.
This is one of the most abundant and widely distributed species in the
regions of even rainfall.
2. PARASHOREA WARBURGII Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31
(1895) 10, Foxw. in Lead. Phil. Bot. 6 (1913) 1954.
Mindanao: Davao and Agusan.
7. ISOPTERA Scheffer
1. ISOPTERA BORNEENSIS Scheffer. Plate I.
This species was collected in fruit May 26, 1914, by Ranger Oliveros, in
the Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, For. Bur. 23829 and 2383'9. It was
also collected, in the same locality, two months later by Rangers Acuna
and Belen, For. Bur. 22683. This is the first time that this genus has been
reported from the Philippines. The specimens seem to match very well
material collected in Borneo. The species is also known from the Malay
Peninsula and Bangka.
8. BALANOCARPUS Beddome
This genus is distinct by reason of its calyx-lobes, which are pointed and
shorter than the fruit. The trees of this genus are of large size and have
very hard wood, which is a fine grade of yacal. Sixteen species are known,
mainly in the Malay Peninsula and Borneo.
Key to the Philippine species of Balanocarpus.
a1. Calyx-wings only about one-half as long as the fruit; leaves narrowly
oblong 1. B. cagayanensis.
a'. Calyx-wings nearly as long as fruit; leaves lanceolate.
2. B. brachyptera.
1. BALANOCARPUS CAGAYANENSIS sp. nov. Plate II.
Arbor magna. Foliis chartaceis, oblongis, acuminatis, basi
cuneatis, rotundatis admodum leviter inaequilateralibus, 7 ad 13
cm longis, 2 ad 4 cm latis. Nervis secundariis 10 ad 12, tertiariis
approximatis, parallelis. Calycis segmentis quam fructibus
duplo brevioribus.
A large tree. Leaves oblong, acuminate, faintly cuneate,
slightly rounded, or slightly inequilateral at the base, 7 to 13 cm
long, 2 to 4 cm wide, margin slightly inrolled. Secondary nerves
10 to 12 pairs, with occasional intermediate short veins. Ter-
tiary veins approximate, mostly parallel. Domatia in axils of
secondary veins. Glabrous above and almost glabrous beneath,
occasional scattered hairs. Flower clusters not distinctly unila-
teral, black or dark gray. Petals yellowish-brown in dried
material, about twice as long as sepals. Petals pale-sericeous on
the outside, glabrous within. Stamens with filaments expanded
\
xm, c,'3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 195
at the base, attached to base of petals and, more or less, to each
other, forming at least an indication of a monadelphous condition.
Anthers almost round and equal. Connective prolonged into a
tapering awn, distinctly longer than the anther. Gynoecium
hour-glass shaped, the ovary subspherical, the stylopodium as
long as the ovary and almost columnar. The stylopodium
abruptly narrowed into the style, which is rather less than half
as long. The stigma is shallowly notched. Fruit 1 to 1.3 cm
long and about 1 cm in diameter, roughly conical, apiculate.
Calyx-wings of about equal length and less than two-thirds the
height of the fruit. The wood is said to be more durable than
that of Molave ( Vitex spp.).
Luzon, Cagayan Province, near Claveria, For. Bur. 19987 Bernardo,
August, 1913 (type). It is also represented by the following specimens:
For. Bur. 20U53 Bernardo, in flower, May 30, 1913; For. Bur. 1777 4,
17775, 17776 Curran, and For. Bur. 20U5U- All of these are from the
same part of the province as the type. The local name is narec.
The stylopodium resembles that of Hopea helferi Brandis, Journ. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) p. 62, t. 2, f. 2, but is relatively longer. The stamens
are like those of H. helferi (1. c. fig. 1) and like those figured for H.
javanica Burck, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 2 (1887) 235, t. 29, f. 7.
Some sterile material in the herbarium representing collections in some
other provinces may belong here, but the identifications are very doubtful.
2. BALANOCARPUS BRACHYPTERA sp. nov.
Arbor. Folia chartacea, elliptica, oblonga vel ovato-lanceolata,
breviter acuminata, basi rotundata vel subcuneata, margine cre-
nulata, glabra, 5.8 ad 7.3 cm longa, 2.7 ad 3.8 cm lata; nervis
secundariis 10 ad 12, tertiariis inconspicue reticulatis; petiolo 3
ad 5 mm longo. Fructus ovoideus, circiter 1 cm longus.
A medium sized tree. Leaves chartaceous, elliptic or oblong to
ovate-lanceolate, apex blunt-acuminate, base rounded or subcune-
ate, margin crenulate, glabrous except along the principal veins,
where there is a sparse pubescence, mainly of grayish pilose hairs,
with hairy domatia in the axils of veins on under side of leaf,
5.8 to 7.3 cm long, 2.7 to 3.8 cm wide. Secondary veins 10 to 12
pairs, tertiary veins rather indistinct, mainly reticulate; petioles
3 to 5 mm long. Flowers unknown. Fruits ovoid, about 1 cm
long and 9 mm in diameter, borne in short axillary panicles.
Calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, imbricate, rather closely surround-
ing the fruit, and a little shorter than the fruit. Margins of
the sepals frequently brownish and scarious, in one immature
fruit, very slightly reflexed. Fruit conical, faintly pubescent,
with thin pericarp, the short style projecting through a small
circular depression at the apex. Style glabrous, about 0.5 mm.
long.
196
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
Mindanao, Zamboanga Province, Naganaga, For. Bur. 21895 Villamil,
May 18, 1914 (type). Also For. Bur. 23832.
9. VATICA Linnaeus
Key to the Philippine species of Vatica.
a1. Leaves obtusely rounded at both ends 2. V. obtusifolia.
a'. Leaves acute or acuminate at apex.
b1. Stigma distinctly lobed, not glandular 1. V. mangachapoi.
b 2. Stigma capitate and glandular.
c1. Style gray-tomentose 5. V. sorsogonensis.
ca. Style glabrous.
dx. Secondary veins about 7 pairs 3. V. blancoana.
d2. Secondary veins 11 to 14 pairs 4. V. mindanensis.
1. VATICA MANGACHAPOI Blanco.
Babuyan Isands. Luzon : Cagayan, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Xlocos Sur,
Union, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Ta-
yabas, Camarines, Albay. Samar. Leyte. Panay. Mindanao: Agusan,
Davao, Cotabato, Lanao, Olutanga, Zamboanga. Basilan.
This species is quite variable in texture and in the arrangement of its
leaves. There is also a considerable variation in the amount of pubescence
on the twigs and inflorescences.
2. VATICA OBTUSIFOLIA Elmer in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 4 (1912) 1471.
Known only from Palawan.
3. VATICA BLANCOANA Elmer in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 4 (1912) 1473.
Known only from Palawan.
4. VATICA MINDANENSIS Foxw. in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 6 (1913) 1957.
Mindanao, Agusan. Leyte. Negros.
Some of the forms credited here have fruits larger than those in the
type.
5. VATICA SORSOGONENSIS sp. nov.
Arbor magna. Folia chartacea, glabra, 5 ad 10 cm longa, 2.3
ad 8 cm lata, acuminata, ad basin rotundata vel cuneata; nervis
secundariis 11 ad 13; petiolo 14 ad 20 mm longo, ferrugino-
pubescente. Floribus paniculatis, axillaribus, 1.5 cm diametro.
Fructibus ovoideus, tomentosus, 4 ad 5 mm longus, aliis oblanceo-
latis vel oblongis, 3.5 ad 4.5 cm longis, 9 ad 10 mm latis,
pubescentibus.
A tree, 12 m high and 60 cm in diam. Leaves chartaceous,
glabrous, except along the veins, dark green above, much lighter
beneath, 5 to 10 cm long, 2.3 to 8 cm wide, acuminate, rounded
or cuneate at the base, secondary veins 11 to 13 pairs; tertiary
veins reticulate, more distinct on lower side of leaf; petiole 14
to 20 mm long, ferruginous-pubescent, as are also the twigs,
buds, the branches of the inflorescence and the lower part of the
midrib of the leaf. Inflorescence paniculate, axillary, 2 to 4 cm
long, near the ends of the branches. Flowers about 1.5 cm in
xiii, c, 3 Foxworthy : Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 197
diameter. Sepals thick, coriaceous, 2.5 to 3 mm long, 1.3 mm
wide, almost triangular, densely gray-tomentose. Petals broadly
oblong, densely tomentose without and within, about 10 mm long
and 6 mm wide, with indications of 7 or 8 principal longitudinal
veins ; the petals become irregularly distorted in drying and are
hard to straighten out. Stamens 15, arranged in groups, 1.5 mm
long, 0.4 mm in diameter, filaments thick and broad at the base,
tapering to about 0.3 mm in diameter below the attachment of
the anthers; total length of filament about 0.8 mm; anthers
ellipsoid, the inner pair smaller than the outer, 0.2-0. 3 mm long,
connective blunt-conical, projecting beyond the anthers for about
0.1 to 0.15 mm. Ovary rather hemispheric, about 1.7 mm high
and 2 mm in diameter, densely grayish tomentose, with indica-
tion of division into 3 lobes. Style tapering, cylindric, about 2
mm long, densely grayish tomentose, about 0.4 mm in diameter
at the base and 0.2 mm at apex. Stigma apparently capitate and
glandular. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit gray-tomentose, ovoid 4 to 5
mm tall, sometimes with the persistent style, often somewhat
resinous. The two long wings oblanceolate or oblong, 3.5 to 4.5
cm long, 9 to 10 mm wide, with five principal distinct longitudinal
nerves and numerous less distinct reticulate cross veins. Wings
pubescent throughout. Short wings lanceolate, about 1 cm long
and 1 mm wide, with pubescence so dense as to obscure the longi-
tudinal nerves.
Luzon, Sorsogon Province, Irosin, 16840 Elmer, August, 1916, (type).
Field note: “Medium-sized tree in woodlands along streams at 1,000 feet
facing the Pacific. Trunk terete, somewhat crooked, 2 feet thick, 40 feet
high, mainly branched toward the top; wood whitish on the outside,
moderately hard; bark thick, smoothish and chalky white blotched,
ochroleucous otherwise; main branches divaricate, not long but repeatedly
branched; leaves chartaceous, conduplicate, descending, slightly paler
green beneath, points recurved, fruit wings pale yellowish green, turning
dull purple, the nut ovoid, green or yellowish green.”
This is most nearly related to Vatica lowii King, from which it differs by
the smaller size of the fruit, the fewer veins to the leaf, and the much
larger size of the flowers.
Several other species of this genus seem to be represented in our collec-
tions by sterile material. Their identification will have to wait until more
complete material is collected.
[Vol. XIII, No. 1, including pages 1 to 66, was issued February 25,
1918, and No. 2, including pages 67 to 122, was issued May 9, 1918.]
%
'
•
k
ILLUSTRATIONS
[Drawings by J. K. Santos.]
Plate I. Isoptera borneensis Burck.
a, habit sketch of a fruiting branch, reduced about one-half.
b, a fruit, natural size.
II. Balanocarpus cagayanensis Foxw.
a, habit sketch of a flowering branch, reduced about one-half.
b, a flower, X 3.
c, stamens, X 20.
d, a fruit, natural size.
e, portion of the lower surface of a leaf, showing details of the
reticulations and the domatia, X 1-5.
199
Foxworthy : Dipterocakpaceae.]
[Phil. Journ. Sci., XIII, C, No. 3.
Plate I. Isoptera borneensis Burck.
Fox WORTH Y : Dipterocarpaceae.]
[Phil. Journ. Sci„ XIII, C, No. 3.
Plate II. Balanoearpus cagayanensis Foxw.
THE PHILIPPINE BUREAU OF SCIENCE
RECENT PUBLICATIONS
AN INTERPRETATION OF RUMPHIUS’S HERBARIUM AMBOINENSE
By E. D. Merrill
Based on the collections made in Amboina by the late Charles Budd
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Vol. XIII, Sec. C, No. 4
July, 1918
THE PHILIPPINE
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
ALVIN J. COX, M. A., Ph. D.
GENERAL EDITOR
Section C. Botany
MO W: j 1
H ' As A A, -
E. D. MERRILL, M. S.
EDITOR
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THE PHILIPPINE
Journal of Science
C. Botany
Vol. XIII JULY, 1918
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BRYOLOGICAL FLORA
OF THE PHILIPPINES, V
By V. F. Brotherus
( Helsingfors , Finland)
The first manuscript of this paper was lost through the sink-
ing of the steamer that carried it. As I unfortunately had
retained no copy of it, I was obliged to rewrite the entire paper,
which explains the delay in the preparation and publication of it.
In the present paper the geographic distribution is not indi-
cated for those species which were included in the former parts.1
DICRANACEAE
TREMATODON Michaux
TREMATODON PAUCIFOLIUS C. Mull.
Luzon, Batangas Province, Taal Volcano, on bluffs near the lake,
altitude 4 meters, Merrill 10610.
TREMATODON DREPANELLUS Besch.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Baguio and vicinity, Merrill 7869, 7879,
11051 : Ifugao Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 20018, 20017 McGregor.
TREMATODON CAPILLIPES C. Mull.
Luzon, Cagayan Province, Abulug River, Weber 1588.
Area: Philippines.
CAM PYLOPOD1 U M (C. Mull.) Bescherelle
CAM PYLOPODI U M EUPHOROCLADUM (C. Mull.) Besch.
Luzon, Abra Province, Mount Posuey, Bur. Sci. 27091 Ramos.
1 Brotherus, V. F., Contributions to the Bryologieal flora of the Phil-
ippines, I, Ofversigt Finska Vetensk.-Soc. Forhandl. 47 14 (1905) 1-12; II,
Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 11-80; III, op. cit. 5 (1910) Bot. 137-162;
IV, op. cit. 8 (1913) Bot. 65-98.
NO. 4
156153
201
202 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
DICRANOLOMA Renault
DICRANOLOMA MONOCARPUM Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicum; robustulum, caespitosum, caespitibus laxis, lutescen-
ti-viridibus, nitidis; caulis usque ad 7 cm longus, adscendens vel
erectus, ubique ferrugineo-tomentosus, densiuscule foliosus, sim-
plex; folia patula, comalia plerumque subsecunda, canaliculato-
concava, haud plicata, e basi ovata sensim lanceolato-subulata,
usque ad 8 mm longa et c. 0.6 mm lata, ultra medium anguste
limbata, superne dense et argute serrata, nervo tenui superne
dorso argute serrato, cellulis elongatis, incrassatis, lumine an-
gustissimo, alaribus numerosis, fusco-aureis ; seta solitaria, us-
que ad 2 cm alta, tenuissima, straminea ; theca indistincte strumi-
fera, anguste cylindrica, arcuatula, fusca. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Camarines Province, Mount Isarog, Bur. Sci. 22114 Ramos.
Species D. assimili (Hamp.) Par. affinis, sed foliis angustioribus spo-
rogoniisque solitariis dignoscenda.
DICRANOLOMA TENUI RETE Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicum; gracilescens, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, pallide
lutescenti-viridibus, nitidis; caulis usque ad 4 cm longus, ad-
scendens, ubique ferrugineo-tomentosus, dense foliosus, simplex
vel furcatus; folia falcata, canaliculato-concava, sicca plicatula,
e basi ovata sensim lanceolato-subulata, usque ad 7 mm longa
et c. 0.75 mm lata, ultra medium anguste limbata, superne
argute serrata, nervo tenui, superne dorso argute serrato, cellulis
breviter linearibus, haud incrassatis, alaribus numerosis, fusco-
aureis. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Abra Province, Mount Posuey, Bur. Sci. 27090 Ramos.
Species e minoribus, cum D. ramosii Broth, comparanda, sed foliis fal-
catis nec non cellulis haud incrassatis dignoscenda.
CAMPYLOPUS Bridel
CAMPYLOPUS ERICOIDES (Griff.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17075 Robinson.
Area: Nepal, Khasia, Ceylon, Luzon.
CAMPYLOPUS HEMITRIUS (C. Mull.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Bur. Sci. 9839 Robinson.
Area: Luzon.
CAMPYLOPUS ERICOIDES (Griff.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur Sci. 17075 Robinson.
Area: India and Luzon.
PILOPOGON Bridel
PILOPOGON BLUM El (Doz. et Molk.) Broth.
Luzon, Lepanto Subprovince, Malaya Mountains, Bona 147; Camiguin
de Mindanao, Bur. Sci. 14898 Ramos.
xiii, c, 4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 203
PILOPOGON SUBEXASPERATUS (C. Mull.) Broth.
LUZON, Bontoc Subpropince, Vanoverbergh 1309: Ifugao Subprovince,
Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20315 McGregor: Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur.
Sci. 20220 McGregor.
LEUCOBRYACEAE
LEUCOBRYUM Hampe
LEUCOBRYUM SANCTUM Hamp.
Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 20620, 20626 Ramos;
Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 20856 Villamil; Paete, Bur. Sci. 10059 Ramos:
Samar, Bur. Sci. 17621 Ramos.
LEUCOBRYUM SCALARE C. Mull.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Bur. Sci. 23277 McGregor ; Mount Maquiling,
Baker 2590.
Area: Singapore, Java, Sumbawa and Luzon.
Var. TJIBODENS1S Fleisch.
Camiguin de Mindanao, Bur. Sci. 14887 Ramos (f. robusta). PALAWAN
Mount Capoas, Merrill 9096 (f. robusta).
Area: Java.
LEUCOBRYUM BOWRINGII Mitt.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, altitude 750 meters,
Bur. Sci. 17055 Robinson.
LEUCOBRYUM SERICEUM Broth.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Guinayangan, Bur. Sci. 20920 Escritor.
OCTOBLEPHARUM Hedwig
OCTOBLEPHARUM ALBIDUM (L.) Hedw.
Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 20221 McGregor, panay,
Iloilo Province, Larena, on dead trees, alt. 750 meters, Bur. Sci. 18220
Robinson.
SCHISTOMITRIUM Dozy et Molkenboer
SCHISTOMITRIUM APICULATUM Doz. et Molk.
Luzon, Pangasinan Province, Umingan, Bur. Sci. 18356 Otanes. Min-
danao, Zamboanga Province, Merrill 8362.
SCHISTOMITRIUM COPELANDII Broth.
Basilan, Bur. Sci. 16269 Reillo.
SCHISTOMITRIUM ROBUSTUM Doz. et Molk.
Basilan, Bur. Sci. 16271 Reillo.
LEUCOPHANES Bridel
LEUCOPHANES CANDIDUM (Hornsch.) Lindb.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 19316 Reillo: Sorsogon Province, Bur.
Sci. 23745 Ramos. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17622 Ramos. Basilan, Bur. Sci.
16274 Reillo.
FISSIDENTACEAE
FISSIDENS Hedwig
FISSIDENS BRAUN 1 1 (C. Mull.) Doz. et Molk.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17013 Robinson.
Area: Java and Luzon.
204
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
FISSIDENS (AM BLYOTHALLI A) ROBINSONII Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicus; robustiusculus, caespitosus, caespitibus laxiusculis,
pallide viridibus, opacis; caulis usque ad 6 mm longus, cum
foliis c. 3 mm latus, infima basi fusco-radiculosus, dense foliosus,
simplex; folia c. 15-juga, sicca homomalla, comalia circinato-
incurva, humida erecto-patentia, stricta, elongate linearia, lan-
ceolato-acuminata, mucronata, integerrima, elimbata, lamina
vera paulum ultra medium folii producta, lamina dorsali ad
basin nervi enata ibidemque rotundata, nervo crassiusculo, pal-
lido, brevissima excedente, cellulis minutissimis, rotundato-
hexagonis, pellucidis, laevissimis. Caetera ignota.
Panay, Iloilo Province, Salug River, altitude 340 meters, Bur. Sci. 18105
Robinson. Mindanao, Surigao Province, Agusan Valley, For. Bur. 7607
Hutchinson.
Species foliis elongate linearibus, lanceolato-acuminatis, cellulis pellu-
cidis, laevissimis dignoscenda.
FISSIDENS NAGASAKINUS Besch. var. LUZON ENSIS Broth, var. nov.
Folia superne minus angustata, nerve crassiore.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Merrill 7851.
FISSIDENS NOBILIS Griff.
Luzon, Abra Province, Mount Posuey, Bur. Sci. 27089 Ramos: Benguet
Subprovince, Baguio, Baker 3843.
CALYMPERACEAE
SYRRHOPODON Schwaegrichen
SYRRHOPODON ALBOVAGI N ATUS Schwaegr.
Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 16670 Ramos. Bili-
ran, Bur. Sci. 18464 McGregor.
SYRRHOPODON MuLLERI (Doz. et Molk.) Lac.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Bur. Sci. 23272 McGregor. Mindanao, Lake
Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens.
SYRRHOPODON SUBULATUS Lae.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens.
Area: Sumatra, Celebes, Borneo and New Guinea.
CALYMPERES Swartz
CALYMPERES SERRATUM A. Br.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, altitude 640 meters,
Bur. Sci. 17121 Robinson.
Area: Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Labuan, Celebes, Hongkong and
Samoa.
CALYMPERES ORIENTALE Mitt.
Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18459 McGregor.
xiii, c, 4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 205
POTTIACEAE
BARBU LA Hedwig
BARBULA ORI ENTALIS (Willd.) Broth.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Los Banos, on stone walls and on earth, al-
titude 10 meters, Bur. Sci. 1713.8, 17140 Robinson; Manila, Bur. Sci. 18274
Robinson: Rizal Province, Tanay, Bur. Sci. 11882 Robinson & Ramos.
Panay, Iloilo Province, Suague River, on walls, altitude 100 meters, Bur.
Sci. 18146 Robinson.
BARBULA CONSANGUINEA (Thwait. et Mitt.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bosoboso, Bur. Sci. 1166 Ramos: Pangasinan
Province, Umingan, Bur. Sci. 18357 Otanes: Ilocos Province, Bangui, on
damp banks, Bur. Sci. 27778 Ramos.
Area: Ceylon, Singapore, Java and Luzon.
BARBULA INFLEXA (Dub.) C. Mull.
Luzon, Batangas Province, Taal Volcano, on very wet walls in ravines,
altitude 80 meters, Merrill 10608. Panay, Iloilo Province, Tigom River
on rocks, altitude 150 meters, Bur. Sci. 18052 Robinson.
Area: Ceylon and Java.
HYOPHILA B ridel
HYOPHILA FLAVIPES Broth.
Panay, Iloilo Province, Tigom River, on rocks, altitude 150 meters, Bur.
Sci. 18055 Robinson. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 20041 McGregor.
GYM NOSTOM I ELLA Fleischer
GYM NOSTOM I ELLA VERNICOSA (Hamp.) Fleisch.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Los Banos, on stone walls, altitude 10 meters,
Bur. Sci. 17139 Robinson. Panay, Iloilo Province, Tigom River, on rocks,
altitude 150 meters, Bur. Sci. 18051 Robinson.
Area: Nepal, Burma, Java and Amboina.
GYM NOSTOM I ELLA LONGINERVIS Broth, sp. nov.
Dioica; tenella, caespitosa, caespitibus densis, mollibus, late
extensis, laete viridibus; caulis erectus, gracillimus, usque ad
8 mm longus, hie illic radiculis longis fuscis instructus, laxius-
cule foliosus, simplex vel innovando ramosus ; folia sicca con-
tracta, humida patentia, comalia in rosulam congesta, e basi
spathulata ovalia vel obovata, rotundato-obtusa, usque ad 0.76
mm longa et 0.30 mm lata, integerrima, nervo lutescente, infra
summum apicem folii evanido, cellulis ovali-hexagonis, 0.015-
0.020 mm longis, teneris, pellucidis, verrucosis, marginalibus
minoribus, transverse dispositis, basilaribus rectangularibus,
laevibus. Caetera ignota.
Panay, Iloilo Province, Tigom River, on rocks, altitude 150 meters, Bur.
Sci. 18053 Robinson.
Species a praecedente statura robustiore nec non foliorum forma et nervo
multo longiore dignoscenda.
206
1918
The Philippine Journal of Science
MERCEYOPSIS Brotherus et Dixon
MERCEYOPSIS MINUTA (Broth.) var. SUBMINUTA (Broth.) Broth, et
Dix.
Negros, Mount Canlaon, For. Bur. 17384 Curran.
ORTHOTRICHACEAE
ANOECTANGIUM (Hedw.) Bryol. eur.
ANOECTANGIUM SUBALARUM Broth.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Mount Pulog, Bur. Sci. 16400 Curran,
Merritt, Zchokke.
MACROMITRIUM Bridel
MACROMITRIUM GON I OR R H Y NC H U M (Doz. et Molk.) Mitt.
Luzon, Pangasinan Province, Umingan, Bur. Sci. 18358 Otanes: Rizal
Province, Bur. Sci. 18321 Reillo. Panay, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 18217
Robinson.
MACROMITRIUM AN GUSTI FOLIUM Bryol. jav.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Vanoverbergh 398.
MACROMITRIUM MERRILLII Broth.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mauban, on trees near sea, Bur. Sci. 19396
Ramos: Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 21343 Ramos. Palawan, Taytay, Merrill
8991.
MACROMITRIUM SUBULIGERUM Bryol. jav.
Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 14928, 16671 Ramos:
Tayabas Province, Mount Pular, on trees, Bur. Sci. 19393 Ramos. Panay,
Iloilo Province, Atimonan River, Bur. Sci. 18167 Ramos.
MACROMITRIUM SE M I PELLUCI DU M Doz et Molk.
Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, on trees, Bur. Sci. 20613 Ramos.
Panay, Iloilo Province, Ulian River, on trees, altitude 400 meters, Bur.
Sci. 18260 Robinson.
FUNARIACEAE
FUN ARIA Schreber
FUNARIA CALVESCENS Schwaegr.
Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 20228 McGregor.
FUNARIA LUZONENSIS Broth.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Vanoverbergh 745.
BRYACEAE
WEBERA Hedwig
WEBERA SCABRIDENS (Mitt.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Baguio and vicinity, Bur. Sci. 14095 Ro-
binson.
PSEUDOPOHLIA Williams
PSEUDOPOHLIA BULBIFERA Williams.
Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 20231 McGregor.
Area: Luzon.
xiii. c, 4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 207
PSEUDOPOHLIA MERRILLII Broth, sp. nov.
Dioica; gracilescens, caespitosa, caespitibus laxis, fuscescen-
tibus, nitidiusculis ; caulis 5-7 mm longus, infima basi fusco-
radiculosus, dense foliosus, innovando ramosus, in axillis supe-
rioribus propagula turgide obovata, foliolis 4-5 ornata gerentia;
folia sicca adpressa, humida erecto-patentia, comalia saepe
homomalla, decurrentia, infima minora, dein sensim majora,
elongate lanceolata, anguste acuminata, usque ad 2 mm longa
et 0.35 mm lata, marginibus erectis vel anguste recurvis, apice
serrulatis, nervo rufescente, continuo vel infra summum apicem
folii evanido, cellulis elongatis, angustis; seta c. 2.5 cm alta,
tenuis, lutescens ; theca nutans, cum collo angusto sporangii fere
longitudinis pyriformis, fusca; peristomium destructum.
Negros, Canlaon Volcano, Merrill 6817.
Species distinctissima, a praecedente foliorum forma nec non theca nu-
tante, pyriformi longe diversa.
ANOMOBRYUM Schimper
ANOMOBRYUM GEMMIGERUM Broth.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Vanoverbergh 727.
BRACHYMENIUM Schwaegrichen
BRACHYMENIUM NEPALENSE Hook.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, on trees, altitude 1,700 meters, Vanoverbergh
2233: Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Baker 133 1. Camiguin de Mindanao,
Bur. Sci. 11899 Ramos.
BRYUM (Dill.) Schimper
BRYUM COMPRESSIDENS C. Mull.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Bauco, Vanoverbergh 93, 1770: Batangas
Province, Taal Volcano, on banks in very damp ravine on the outer slope
of the cone, altitude 70 meters, Merrill 10609.
BRYUM CORONATUM Schwaegr.
Luzon, Bulacan Province, Angat, Bur. Sci. 21860 Ramos. Dumaran,
Bur. Sci. 21613 Escritor. Palawan, Taytay, Merrill 8993.
BRYUM AMBIGUUM Dub.
Panay, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 18203 Robinson.
BRYUM RAMOSUM (Hook.) Mitt.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Baker 1321.
RHODOBRYUM (Schimp.) Hampe
RHODOBRYUM GIGANTEUM (Hook.) Hamp.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Bauco, altitude 1,700 meters, Vanoverbergh
1731: Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20319 McGregor.
208
1918
The Philippine Journal of Science
MNIACEAE
ORTHOMNIUM Wilson
ORTHO M N I U M LOHERI Broth.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Baker 1341; Mount Pulog, Merrill
6399.
MNIUM (Dill.) Linnaeus
MNIUM SUCCULENTUM Mitt.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Bauco, near brooks, altitude 1,250 meters,
Vanoverbergh 1775.
RHIZOGONIACEAE
HYMENODON Hooker f. et Wilson
HYMENODON SERICEUS (Doz. et Molk.) C. Mull.
Luzon, Laguna Province, summit of Mount Maquiling, Baker 2753, 2755,
Bur. Sci. 17027 Robinson.
RHIZOGONIUM Bridel
RHIZOGONIUM SPINIFORME (L.) Bruch.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, altitude 670 to
1,000 meters, Bur. Sci. 17015, 17047, 17038 Robinson, Baker: Rizal Prov-
ince, Mount Canumay, Bur. Sci. 13796 Ramos: Abra Province, Mount Po-
suey, on dead tree, Bur. Sci. 27088 Ramos: Bataan Province, Bur. Sci.
22041 Medina: Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity of Dupax, Bur. Sci. 1431,1
McGregor. Camiguin de Mindanao, Bur. Sci. 14892 Ramos. Panay,
Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 18206 Robinson.
SPIRIDENTACEAE
SPIRIDENS Nees
SPIRIDENS REINWARDTII Nees.
Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18455 McGregor. Leyte, Dagami, Bur. Sci. 15396
Ramos. Camiguin de Mindanao, Bur. Sci. 14904 Ramos. Jolo, Mrs. Cle-
mens 9400.
SPIRIDENS LONGI FOLI US Lindb.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Mrs. Clemens 9319, Baker 1330:
Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20329 McGregor.
BARTRAMIACEAE
PHI LONOTIS Bridel
PHILONOTIS GRIFFITH I AN A (Wills.) Mitt.
Camiguin de Mindanao, Bur. Sci. 14891 Ramos.
PHILONOTIS REVOLUTA Bryol. jav.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Bauco, Vanoverbergh 1059, 1750, 1768:
Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20320, 20325 McGregor.
PHILONOTIS SECUNDA (Doz. et Molk.) Bryol. jav.
Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 20040 McGregor: Nueva Vizcaya
Province, Bur. Sci. 20219 McGregor. Panay, Iloilo Province, Larena, on
walls, altitude 820 meters, Bur. Sci. 18204 Robinson.
xiii, c, 4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 209
PH I LONOTIS MOLLIS (Doz. et Molk.) Bryol. jav.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Los Banos, altitude 10 meters, Bur. Sci. 17141
Robinson: Rizal Province, Bosoboso, Bur. Sci. 16962 Ramos.
PHILONOTIS TURN ERI AN A (Schwaegr.) Mitt.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Mount Tonglon, on banks, altitude about
1,900 meters, Merrill 7868: Laguna Province, summit of Mount Maquiling,
Baker 2748.
Area: Nepal, Sikkim, Khasia, Java, Japan, Hawaii.
PHILONOTIS FALCATA (Hook.) Mitt.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Mrs. Clemens 9320.
Area: Himalaya, Tibet, Nilghiri, China, Japan.
BREUTELIA Schimper
BREUTELIA A R U N D I N I FOL I A (Dub.) Broth.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Mrs. Clemens 9815.
NECKERACEAE
ENDOTRICHELLA C. Miiller
ENDOTRICHELLA ELEGANS (Doz. et Molk.) Fleisch.
Biliran, Bur. Sci. 184.72 McGregor. Basilan, Bur. Sci. 16273 Reillo.
Panay, Iloilo Province, Larena, on dead wood, altitude 750 meters, Robin-
son. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20321 McGregor :
Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Baker 1332. Palawan, Cabinbin River, We-
ber 1568.
ENDOTRICHELLA PERPLICATA Broth.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 19318 Reillo: Ifugao Subprovince, Bur.
Sci. 20324 McGregor.
ENDOTRICHELLA ELM ERI Broth.
Samar, Bur. Sci. 17656 Ramos.
GAROVAGLIA Endlicher
GAROVAGLIA BAKERI Broth, sp. nov.
Robustiuscula, rigidissima, laete viridis, hie illic rufescens,
nitida, caules secundarii numerosi, adscendentes, superne ar-
cuati, usque ad 10 cm longi, densissime foliosi, subteretes, sim-
plices, obtusi ; folia sicca imbricata, undulata basi plicata humida
suberecta, concava, ovato-oblonga, raptim in acumen lanceolato-
subulatum attenuata, superne minute, in acumen argute serrata,
enervia, cellulis incrassatis, lumine lineari-elliptico, inferioribus
sensim longioribus et angustioribus, alaribus sat numerosis
ovalibus vel subquadratis, omnibus laevissimis; bracteae peri-
chaetii convolutaceae, superne latiores, rotundatae, brevissime
cuspidatae, integrae vel subintegrae. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Baker 2324.
Species G. undulatae Ren. et Card, affinis, sed statura minore, rigiditate
foliorumque forma optime diversa.
210
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
GAROVAGLIA PERUNDULATA Broth, sp. nov.
Gracilis, rigida, laete viridis, nitida ; caules secundarii nemo-
rosi, arcuato-adscendentes, usque ad 6 cm longi, densissime
foliosi, complanati, simplices, obtusi ; folia sicca imbricata, undu-
lata, humida concava, breviter oblonga, raptim in acumen lan-
ceolato-subulatum attenuati, acumine plus minusve serrulato,
enervia, cellulis haucl incrassatis, rhomboideis, basin versus
sensim longioribus et angustioribus, alaribus numerosis, sub-
quadratis, aureis, omnibus laevissimis. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19917 McGregor.
Species distinctissima, praecedenti affinis, sed statura gracili foliisque
cellulis leptodermibus facillime dignoscenda.
GAROVAGLIA PLICATA (Nees) Endl. var. GRACILESCENS Broth, var.
nov.
Gracilescens ; caules secundarii usque ad 11 cm longi, laxius
foliosi; folia lateralia arcuato-patentia.
Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 20224 McGregor.
FLORI BUN DARI A C. Muller
FLOR I BU N DARI A FLORI BUN DA (Doz. et Molk.) Fleisch.
Palawan, Cabinbin River, on boulders, Weber 1566.
PAPILLARIA (C. Miill.) C. Muller
PAPILLARI A FUSCESCENS (Hook.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Abra Province, Mount Posuey, on trees, Bur. Sci. 27093 Ramos.
AeROBRYOPSIS Fleischer
AEROBRYOPSIS LANOSA (Mitt.) Broth.
Panay, Iloilo Province, Larena, on Ficus, altitude 820 meters, Bur. Sci.
18207 Robinson. Mindanao, Butuan Subprovince, Weber 1321.
BARBELLA (C. Miill.) Fleischer
BARBELLA PENDULA (Sull.) Fleisch.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Mrs. Clemens 9318: Ifugao Sub-
province, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20312 McGregor.
BARBELLA (EUBARBELLA) CLEMENSIAE Broth, sp. nov.
Gracilescens, mollis, aureo-flava sericeo-nitens ; caules secun-
darii longissimi, penduli, flexuosi, laxe foliosi, remote subpin-
natim ramoSi, ramis patulis, usque ad 2 cm vel paulum ultra
longis, flexuosis, laxe foliosis, complanatis, plerumque plus
minusve distincte attenuatis, simplicibus vel parce ramulosis;
folia caulina adpressa, ovato-lanceolata, in subulam piliformem
sensim attenuata, ubique minute denticulata, nervo tenui, ultra
medium folii evanido, cellulis anguste linearibus, papilla minutis-
sima plerisque medio instructis, basilaribus infimis multo latiori-
xiii, c, 4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 211
bus, alaribus sat numerosis oblongis, rufescentibus ; folia ramea
patula, magis concava, brevius acuminata. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Mrs. Clemens 9317.
Species habitu B. bombycinae (Ren. et Card.) Fleisch. valde similis, sed
foliorum forma dignoscenda.
BARBELLA ENERVIS (Mitt.) Fleisch.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Baker 1329.
METEORIUM (Doz. et Molk.) Fleischer
METEORIUM M IQU ELI AN U M (C. Mull.) Fleisch.
Luzon, Pampanga Province, Mount Arayat, Bur. Sci. 22150 Ramos:
Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20303 McGregor. Panay, Iloilo
Province, Ulian River, on trees, altitude 400 meters, Bur. Sci. 18257 Rob-
inson.
METEORIUM H ELM I NTHOCLADU M (C. Mull.) Fleisch.
Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19937 McGregor :
Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Baker 1325.
METEORIOPSIS Fleischer
M ETEORIOPSIS RECLINATA (C. Mull.) Fleisch.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Bauco, altitude 1,250 meters, Vanoverbergh
17 13: Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 20223 McGregor : Ifugao Subpro-
ince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20306 McGregor : Rizal Province, Bur. Sci.
19322 Reillo.
f. PI LI FER Fleisch.
Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity of Dupax, Bur. Sci. 11315 Mc-
Gregor.
TRACHYPODOPSIS Fleischer
TRACHYPODOPSIS CRISPATULA (Hook.) Fleisch.
Luzon, Abra Province, Mount Posuey, Bur. Sci. 27097 Ramos: Ifugao
Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19926 McGregor.
CALYPTOTH ECI U M Mitten
CALY PTOTH ECI U M TUMIDUM (Mitt.) Fleisch.
Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18151, 18156 McGregor.
NECKEROPSIS Reichardt
NECKEROPSIS LEPINEANA (Mont.) Fleisch.
Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18162 McGregor. Panay, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci.
18178 Robinson. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci.
17122 Robinson; Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity of Dupax, Bur. Sci.
11351 McGregor.
NECKEROPSIS GRACILENTA (Bryol. jav.) Fleisch.
Panay, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 18210 Robinson.
NECKEROPSIS CRINITA (Griff.) Fleisch.
Mindanao, Butuan Subprovince, Weber 1290.
212
1918
The Philippine Journal of Science
H I M ANTHOCLADI U M (Mitt.) Fleischer
H I M ANTHOCLADI U M LORI FORM E (Bryol. jav.) Fleisch.
Basilan, Bur. Sci. 16278{ Reillo. Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18470, 18465 Mc-
Gregor. Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 19317 Reillo.
HOMALIODENDRON Fleischer
HOMALIODENDRON FLA B E LLAT U M (Dicks.) Fleisch.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 19326 Reillo. Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18471
McGregor.
HOMALIODENDRON SCALPELLI FOLI U M (Mitt.) Fleisch.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Baguio, Baker 3852.
THAMNIUM Schimper
THAMNIUM ELLIPTICUM (Bryol. jav.) Kindb.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 11215 Robinson.
ENTODONTACEAE
ENTODON C. Muller
ENTODON LONGIDENS Broth.
Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 20045 McGregor : Nueva Vizcaya
Province, Bur. Sci. 20229 McGregor.
ENTODON RUBICUNDUS (Wils.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, V anoverbergh 1319.
Area: Himalaya, Khasia, Bhotan, and the Andaman Islands.
ERYTHRODONTIUM Hampe
ERYTHRODONTIUM SQUARRULOSUM (Mont.) Par.
Luzon, Pangasinan Province, Umingan, Bur. Sci. 18359 Otanes.
TRACHYPHYLLUM Gepp
TRACHYPHYLLUM INFLEXUM (Harv.) Gepp.
Luzon, Pangasinan Province, San Quintin, Bur. Sci. 5661, 5577 Otanes;
Umingan, Bur. Sci. 18360 Otanes.
Area: Central India, Nepal, Sikkim, Ava and Pegu.
HOOKERIACEAE
CALLICOSTELLA (C. Miill.) Mitten
CALLICOSTELLA PAPILLATA (Mont.) Mitt.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17195, 17196,
17205, 17204 Robinson; Los Banos, Bur. Sci. 14148 Robinson: Rizal Prov-
ince, Mount Canumay, Bur. Sci. 13798 Ramos. Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18466
McGregor.
DISTICHOPHYLLUM Dozy et Molkenboer
DISTICHOPHYLLUM NIGRICAULE Mitt.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17082 Robinson.
Area: Java.
xiii, c, 4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 213
LESKEODON Brotherus
LESKEODON PH I LI PPI N ENSIS Broth, sp. nov.
Synoicus; robustus, caespitosus, caespitibus densis, mollibus,
pallide viridibus, subopacis; caulis usque ad 2.5 cm longus, plus
minusve alte fusco-radiculosus, dense et complanate foliosus,
cum foliis c. 5 mm latus, simplex, obtusus; folia lateralia patula,
e basi brevissime spathulata oblonga, breviter acuminata, in
subulam piliformem attenuata, lamina c. 3 mm longa et c. 1.3
mm lata, limbata, integerrima, nervo tenui, in subulam usque
ad 0.8 mm longam continuo, cellulis superioribus rotundato-
hexagonis. 0.025-0.030 mm, marginem versus multo minoribus,
basilaribus oblongo-hexagonis, marginalibus limbum interne
triseriatum, superne angustiorem, hyalinum efformantibus ; seta
c. 2 mm alta, rubra, summo apice mamillis grossis scabra ; theca
erecta, minuta, ovalis, pallide fuscidula ; exostomii dentes pallidi,
lanceolato-subulati, c. 0.5 mm longi, dense lamellati, papillosi;
processus dentium longitudinis, lineari-lanceolati, papillosi ; spori
0.010-0.015 mm, laeves; operculum e basi convexo-conica breviter
rostratum; calyptra operculum tantum obtegens, glabra, basi
pilis longis densisque instructa.
Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18468 McGregor.
Species pulcherrima, cum L. acuminato (Bryol. jav.) Fleisch. comparenda,
sed foliorum forma cellulisque laxioribus dignoscenda.
CHAETOMITRIUM Dozy et Molkenboer
CHAETOMITRIUM PH I LI PPI N ENSE (Mont.) Bryol. eur.
Panay, Iloilo Province, Atimonan River, on tree, altitude 300 m, Bur.
Sci. 18164 Robinson.
CHAETOMITRIUM PAPILLIFOLIUM Bryol. jav.
Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity of Dupax, Bur. Sci. 14343
McGregor.
CHAETOMITRIUM ORTHORRHYNCHUM (Doz. et Molk.) Bryol. jav.
Basilan, Cumalarang, Bur. Sci. 16267 Reillo.
ERIOPUS (Brid.) C. Muller
ERIOPUS FLACCI DUS Broth, sp nov.
Dioicus; gracilescens, caespitosus, caespitibus laxis, sordide
viridibus, vernicosus ; caulis usque ad 6 cm longus, plus minusve
alte fusco-radiculosus, laxe et complanate foliosus, plerumque
attenuatus, simplex vel divisus; folia sicca contracta, facillime
emollita, flaccida, lateralia patula, asymmetrica, e basi brevis-
sime spathulata late oblonga, obtusa,, mucronata, c. 5 mm longa
et c. 2 mm lata, supra medium argute serrata, nervis binis, uno
214
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
crasso, brevi, altero saepe nullo, cellulis superioribus c. 0.060
mm longis et c. 0.030 mm latis, basin versus sensim longioribus,
marginalibus elongatis, angustis, limbum triseriatum, lutescen-
tem efformantibus; folia dorsalia et ventralia multo minora, late
ovalia; bracteae perichaetii late ovalis, vaginantes, raptim in
acumen subulatum attenuatae; seta c. 8 mm alta, pallida, ubique
setosa, ciliis superne usque ad 0.125 mm longis, basin versus
brevioribus; theca horizontalis, minuta, ovalis, atrofusca. Cae-
tera ignota.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Merrill 7523.
Species E. ramoso Fleisch. affinis, sed foliis flaccidis nec non seta ciliis
duplo brevioribus instructa optime diversa.
LESKEACEAE
PSEUDOLESKEOPSIS Brotherus
PSEUDOLESKEOPSIS DECURVATA (Mitt.) Broth.
Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity of Dupax, Bur. Sci. 11,346
McGregor.
PSEUDOLESKEOPSIS ACUTISSIMA Broth, sp. nov.
Species praecedenti habitu simillima, sed foliis late ovatis,
acutissimis, plerumque cellula hyalina terminatis dignoscenda.
Luzon, Rizal Province, San Isidro, on wet rock by streams, Bur. Sci.
5172 Foxworthy.
PELEKIUM Mitten
PELEKIUM VELATUM Mitt.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17201, 17230 Rob-
inson; Los Banos, Baker 698, 2399. Panay, Iloilo Province, Tigom River,
on dead wood, altitude 160 meters, Bur. Sci. 18049 Robinson.
THUIDIUM Bryol. eur.
THUIDIUM TAMARISCELLUM (C. Miill.) Bryol. jav.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 12939 Fenix: Bontoc Subprovince,
Vanoverbergh 396.
Area: Nilghiri, Tonkin, Sumatra and Luzon.
THUIDIUM TRACHYPODUM (Mitt.) Bryol. jav.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17212 Robinson.
Panay, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 18130 Robinson.
THUIDIUM M EYEN IAN U M (Hamp.) Bryol. jav.
Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 20044 McGregor.
THUIDIUM BIFARIUM Bryol. jav.
Panay, Iloilo Province, Atimonan River, on rocks, altitude 475 meters.
Bur. Sci. 18158 Robinson; Salug River, on sandstone, altitude 340 meters.
Bur. Sci. 18099, 18101, 18101, , 18107 Robinson.
Area: Java and Sumatra.
xiii, c, 4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 215
THUIDIUM CYMBIFOLIUM (Doz. et Molk.) Bryol. jav.
Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 203 14 McGregor:
Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 19325 Reillo : Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity
of Dupax, Bur. Sci. 14350 McGregor. Palawan, Cabinbin River, on rocks
along streams, Weber 1569.
THUIDIUM PLUMULOSUM (Doz. et Molk.) Bryol. jav.
Samar, Bur. Sci. 17620 Ramos. Camiguin de Mindanao, Bur. Sci.
14895 Ramos. Luzon, Laguna Province, Los Banos, on rocks, Baker 760,
702, 2382.
THUIDIUM CASUARINUM (C. Miill.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Mount Canumay, Bur. Sci. 13799 Ramos.
HYPNACEAE
CAMPYLIUM (Sull.) Bryhn.
CAM PYLI U M GLAUCOCARPUM (Reinw.) Broth.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Bauco, Vanoverbergh 2871 : Benguet Sub-
province, Pauai, Baker 1331: Ifugao Subprovince Mount Polis, Bur. Sci.
19922, 20301, 20307, 20310 McGregor : Abra Province, Mount Posuey, Bur.
Sci. 27098 Ramos.
CTENIDIUM (Schimp.) Mitten
CTENIDIUM FORSTEN 1 1 (Bryol. jav.) Broth.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Vanoverbergh 1275.
Area: Celebes.
LEPTOHYMENIUM Schwaegrichen
LEPTOHYMENIUM TENUE (Hook.) Schwaegr.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Mrs. Clemens 9316.
M ACROTH A M N I U M Fleischer
M AC ROTH AM N I U M MACROCARPUM (Reinw. et Hornsch.) Fleisch.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Baker 827.
ELMERIOBRYUM Brotherus
ELMERIOBRYUM PH I LI PPI N ENSE Broth.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Baker 1340: Ifugao Subprovince,
Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20309 McGregor.
ECTROPOTHECIUM Mitten
ECTROPOTH ECI U M MONUMENTORUM (Dub.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Panay Iloilo Province, Salug River, on rocks, altitude 280 me-
ters, Bur. Sci. 18090, 18103, 18218 Robinson.
ECTROPOTHECIUM ASSIMILE Broth.
Panay, Iloilo Province, Tigom River, on rocks, altitude 150 meters, Bur.
Sci. 18048, 18054 Robinson; Salug River, on trees, altitude 500 meters,
Bur. Sci. 18128, 18143 Robinson.
ECTROPOTHECIUM MICROPYXIS Broth.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling near Los Banos, Baker 2611:
Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19921 McGregor. Mindanao,
Butuan Subprovince, Weber 1310.
216
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
ECTROPOTH ECI U M LUZONIAE (C. Miill.) Brcth.
Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19923, 19935, 20308,
20311 McGregor.
ECTROPOTH ECI U M FERR UGI N E U M (C. Miill.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, and on rocks, al-
titude 600 to 750 meters, Bur. Sci. 17011, 17017., 17030, 17046, 17049 17058
Robinson.
Area: Luzon.
ECTROPOTH ECI U M SUBINTORQUATUM Broth.
Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19920, 20307 Mc-
Gregor: Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, altitude 850 meters,
Bur. Sci. 17066 Robinson.
ECTROPOTH ECI UM ELEG ANTI-PI N NATU M (C. Mull.) Jaeg.
Panay, Iloilo Province, near Camp Larena, altitude 800 meters, Bur.
Sci. 18195 and Larena, on Ficus, altitude 850 meters, Bur. Sci. 18209 Rob-
inson. Palawan, Cabinbin River, on decaying logs, Weber 1564. Luzon,
Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Bur. Sci. 9862 Robinson.
ECTROPOTH ECI U M ELMERI Broth.
Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19924 McGregor.
ECTROPOTH ECI U M CALLICHROI DES (C. Mull.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on wood, living and dead,
altitude 78o meters, Bur. Sci. 17101 Robinson.
ECTROPOTH ECI UM BRACH YPH YLLU M Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicum; robustum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, rigidis,
pallide lutescenti-viridibus, nitidis; caulis elongatus, densiuscule
foliosus, irregulariter vel remote foliosus, ramis patulis, in-
aequalibus, valde complanatis, simplicibus, raro longioribus,
parce ramulosis; folia falcatula, e basi oblonga breviter lanceo-
lato-acuminata, apice serrulata, nervis, binis, brevibus vel obso-
letis, cellulis angustissime linearibus, alaribus vix ullis, omnibus
laevissimis; bracteae perichaetii longius acuminatae, superne
serrulatae. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Vanoverbergh 1272: Benguet Subprovince,
Mount Tonglon, on boulders in forest, altitude about 2,000 meters, Merrill
7838.
Species E. buitenzorgii (Bel.) Jaeg. valde affinis.
ECTROPOTH ECI U M ICHNOTOCLADU M (C. Mull.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Lutab to Kabayan, Bur. Sci. 8788 Mc-
Gregor.
Area: Sikkim, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, and Amboina.
ECTROPOTH ECI U M CYPEROIDES (Hook.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Guinayangan, Bur. Sci. 20919 Escritor: Cag-
ayan Province, Abulug River, Weber 1589: Laguna Province, Los Banos,
Baker 2381, 2384, 2378. Mindanao, Bukidnon Subprovince, Weber 1505.
xiii, c. 4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 217
TRISMEGISTIA (C. Mull.) Brotherus
TRISMEGISTIA LANCI FOLIA (Harv.) Broth.
Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, on trees, Bur. Sci. 16669 Ramos.
Mindanao, Misamis Province, For. Bur. 17950 Miranda. Basilan, Bur.
Sci. 16266 Reillo.
TRISMEGISTIA RIGIDA (Hornsch. et Reinw.) Broth.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, For. Bur. 20854 Villamil;
Mount Banahao, Baker 2326. Camiguin de Mindanao, Bur. Sci. 14900
Ramos.
ISOPTERYGIUM Mitten
ISOPTERYGIUM ALBESCENS (Schwaegr.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Baker.
ISOPTERYGIUM MINUTIRAMEUM (C. Miill.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on stones, altitude 700 me-
ters, Bur. Sci. 17023 Robinson, and on dead wood, Bur. Sci. 17029 Rob-
inson.
Area: Java, Banca and Borneo.
ISOPTERYGIUM TAXIRAMEUM (Mitt.) Jaeg.
Panay, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 18154 Robinson; Tinayoc, on earth,
altitude 210 meters, Bur. Sci. 18035 Robinson, and Tigom River, on trees,
altitude 170 meters, Bur. Sci. 18050 Robinson.
Area: Himalaya, Khasia, Ceylon, Sumatra, Formosa, Assam and Japan.
VESICULARI A (C. Mull.) C. Muller
VESICULARI A RETICULATA (Doz. et Molk.) Broth.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Baker 2586.
VESICULARIA C A M P Y LOTH EC I U M (Broth.) Broth.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Baker 2586: Rizal Province,
Antipolo, Bur. Sci. 20996 Ramos.
VESICULARIA MEYENIANA (Hamp.) Broth.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17203 Robinson.
Panay, Iloilo Province, Suague River, on rocks, altitude 225 meters, Bur.
Sci. 18151 Robinson. Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18467 McGregor.
VESICULARIA SUCCOSA (Mitt.) Broth.
Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity of Dupax, Bur. Sci. 14340 Mc-
Gregor.
Area: Nepal and Sikkim.
VESICULARIA FILICUSPES Broth.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Baker 2333. Camiguin de
Mindanao, Bur. Sci. 14889 Ramos.
TAXITH ELI U M Spruce
TAXITHELIUM INSTRATUM (Brid.) Broth.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17928 Brown.
Panay, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 18145 Robinson.
TAXITHELIUM NEPALENSE (Schwaegr.) Broth.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 21344, 21342 Ramos: Laguna Province,
156152 2
218
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
Los Banos, on stones in creek, Baker 42: Batangas Province, Bur. Sci.
22412 Ramos. Panay, Iloilo Province, Santa Barbara, on Mangifera in-
dica, altitude 25 meters, Bur. Sci. 18145 Robinson.
TAXITH ELI U M (POLYSTIGMA, APTERA) BAKERI Broth, sp. nov.
Antoicum; tenellum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, depres-
sis, cortici adnatis, laete viridibus, aetate lutescentibus, opacis;
caulis elongatus, repens, dense et regulariter pinnatim ramosus,
ramis patulis, vix ultra 3 mm longis, valde complanatis, dense
foliosis, cum foliis vix ultra 1 mm latis, simplicibus, obtusis;
folia lateralia patula, concaviuscula, ovato-lanceolata, subintegra,
enervia, cellulis anguste linearibus, dense seriatim papillosis,
marginalibus brevioribus et latioribus, laevissimis, alaribus vix
diversis. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Los Banos, Baker 2379, 2400.
Species T. Kaernebachii (Broth.) Broth, valde affinis, sed foliis longius
acuminatis dignoscenda.
TAXITH ELI U M (POLYSTIGMA) ROBINSONII Broth, sp. nov.
Antoicum; tenellum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, mollibus,
late extensis, lutescenti-viridibus, sericeo-nitidis ; caulis elonga-
tus, repens, per totam longitudinem fusco-radiculosus, dense
ramosus, ramis adscendentibus, vix ultra 5 mm longis, densius-
cule foliosis, complanatis, simplicibus, obtusis; folia patentia
concaviuscula e basi contracta ovato-lanceolata, breviter subu-
lato-acuminata, superne argute serrata, enervia, cellulis angus-
tissimis, superioribus indistincte et tenerrime seriatim papillosis,
alaribus vesiculosis paucissimis; bracteae perichaetii internae e
basi vaginante subsensim longe subulatae, superne argute ser-
ratae; seta usque ad 2.5 cm alta, tenuissima, rubra, laevissima;
theca inclinata, minuta, asymmetrica, sicca sub ore constricta,
fusca. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Bur. Sci. 9820, 9864 Rob-
inson.
Species T. benguetiae Broth, affinis, sed foliis superne argute serratis,
cellulis indistincte seriatim papillosis nec non seta multo longiore optime
diversa.
T AXITH ELI U M PERCAPI LLI PES Broth.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Pular, Bur. Sci. 19431 Ramos.
TAXITH ELI U M LINDBERGH (Bryol. jav.) Ren. et Card.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, altitude 650-700
meters, Bur. Sci. 17031, 17100 Robinson: Camarines Province, Mount Ca-
uayan, Bur. Sci. 22166 Ramos.
TAXITH ELI U M ALARE Broth.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, altitude 900 me-
xiii, c, 4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 219
ters, Bur. Sci. 17077 Robinson: Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur.
Sci. 19919 McGregor. Camiguin de Mindanao, Bur. Sci. 14894 Ramos.
T AXITH ELI U M BENGUETIAE Broth.
Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 20226 McGregor.
TAXITH ELI U M ( LI M NOBI ELLA) MERRILLII Broth, sp. nov.
Antoicum; robustiusculum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis,
sordide fusco-viridibus, opacis ; caulis elongatus, repens,, laxe
foliosus, inferne parce, superne densius pinnatim ramosus,
ramis patulis, vix ultra 5 mm longis, densiuscule foliosis, com-
planatis, cum foliis usque ad 1.9 mm latis, simplicibus, attenua,-
tulis vel obtusis; folia ramea lateralia patula, concava, e basi
contracta ovalia, obtusiuscula, plerumque apiculata, apice minu-
tissime serrulata, nervis binis, brevissimis, plerumque obsoletis,
cellulis linearibus,- superioribus indistincte et tenerrime seriatim
papillosis, alaribus paucis vesiculosis, supra alaribus paucis
subquadratis ; seta c. 1.5 cm alta, tenuis, rubra. Caetera ignota.
Palawan, Taytay, Merrill 8992.
TAXITHELIUM PAPILLATUM (Harv.) Broth.
Luzon, Cagayan Province, Bur. Sci. 14585 Ramos. Biliran, Bur. Sci.
18460, 18469 McGregor.
LEUCOMIACEAE
LEUCOMIUM Mitten
LEUCOMIUM ANEURODICTYON (C. Mull.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17212 Robinson.
Area: Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Amboina.
SEMATOPHYLLACEAE
MEIOTHECIUM Mitten
MEIOTHECIUM M I C ROCA R P U M (Harv.) Mitt.
Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity of Dupax, Bur. Sci» 14347
McGregor.
MEIOTHECIUM JAGORI (C. Mull.) Broth.
Camiguin de Mindanao, Bur. Sci. 14897 Ramos.
MEIOTHECIUM OBTUSUM Broth, sp. nov.
Antoicum; robustiusculum, pallide fuscescenti-viride, nitidum ;
caulis elongatus repens, per totam longitudinem hie illic fusco-
radiculosus, dense foliosus, plus minusve dense pinnatim ramo-
sus, ramis teretibus, simplicibus, c. 1-2 cm longis vel longioribus,
parce ramulosis ; folia sicca imbricata, suberecta, concava, laevia,
elongate oblonga, breviter acuminata, apice recurvo, obtuso,
marginibus late recurvis, integerrimis, enervia, cellulis valde
incrassatis, lumine angustissimo, alaribus oblongis, vesiculosis,
omnibus laevissimis ; seta c. 5 mm alta, tenuissima, rubra,
220
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
superne mamillis humillimis, latis instructa; theca horizontalis,
minuta, oblonga, fusca. Caetera ignota.
Luzon, Laguna Province, summit of Mount Maquiling, Baker 2762.
Species M. fornicato (Card.) Broth, valde affinis, sed foliis angustio-
ribus, acumine angustiore dignoscenda.
RH APH I DOSTEGI U M (Bryol. eur.) de Notaris
RH APH I DOST EG I U M SAPROX YLOPH I LU M (C. Mull.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, on bamboo, Bur. Sci. 16673
Ramos: Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 2134.1 Ramos.
RH APH I DOSTEGI UM (APTYCHUS) LUZON ENSE Broth, sp. nov.
Rhaphidostegium tristiculum Broth, in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913) Bot.
93 nec (Mitt.) Jaeg.
Antoicum; robustum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, lutes-
centibus, sericeo-nitidis ; caulis elongatus, repens, per totam
longitudinem fusco-radiculosus, dense foliosus, dense pinnatim
ramosus, ramis arcuato-adscendentibus, simplicibus, obtusis;
folia homomalla, concava, oblongo-elliptica, lanceolato-acumi-
nata, marginibus late recurvis, integerrimis vel apice remote et
minutissime serrulatis, enervia, cellulis elongatis, angustis, haud
incrassatis, pellucidis, basilaribus infimis brevioribus, aureis,
alaribus vesiculaeformibus, supraalaribus laxe subquadratis,
aureis, omnibus laevissimis; bracteae perichaetii internae erec-
tae, vaginantes, subsensim lanceolato-acuminatae, integrae; seta
c. 1 cm alta, tenuissima, rubra, laevissima; theca subhorizon-
talis, e collo breviusculo ovalis vel oblonga, minuta, sicca deoper-
eulata sub ore constricta, fusca; operculum longe rostratum.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Sanchez 6, 11, For. Bur. 15639 Curran ;
Baguio and vicinity, Bur Sci. 14053 Robinson.
Species Rh. subhumili (C. Mull.) Jaeg. et Rh. phaeniceo (C. Mull.) Jaeg.
affinis sed statura multo robustiore oculo nudo jam dignoscenda, a Rh.
tristiculo (Mitt.) Jaeg., quocum olium confusi, cellulis angustioribus, pellu-
cidis diversa.
TRiCHOSTELEUM (Mitt.) Jaeger
TRICHOSTELEUM HAMATUM (Doz. et Molk.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, altitude 660 to 1,000 me-
ters, Bur. Sci. 17009, 17028, 17070, 17150, 17106 Robinson; Mount Banahao,
Baker 2325.
Var. SEMIMAMILLOSUM (C. Mull.) Par.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, altitude 700 me-
ters, Bur. Sci. 17021 Robinson: Abra Province, Mount Posuey, Bur. Sci.
27096 Ramos.
TRICHOSTELEUM ( PAPI LLI Dl U M ) BASILANENSE Broth, sp. nov.
Antoicum: tenellum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, depres-
sis, lutescenti-fuscescentibus, nitidiusculis ; caulis elongatus,
xiii, c, 4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 221
repens, per totam longitudinem fusco-radiculosus, dense pinna-
tim ramosus, ramis dense foliosis, complanatis, brevibus, simpli-
cibus vel longioribus parce ramulosis; folia patentia, concava,
e basi contracta elongate et anguste elliptico-oblonga, in acumen
subloriforme, plerumque semitortum sensim attenuata, margini-
bus late recurvis, interne minute, superne argute serratis, ener-
via, cellulis anguste ellipticis, superioribus papilla media incon-
spicua instructis, alaribus magnis, oblongis, vesiculosis, hyalinis
vel luteis ; bracteae perichaetii internae e basi vaginante raptim
longe subulatae, superne argute serratae; seta usque ad 8 mm
alta, tenuissima, rubra, apice scaberula; theca suberecta, minu-
tissima, ovalis, atropurpurea ; operculum e basi conica oblique
subulatum.
Basilan, Cumalarang, Bur. Sci. 1626S Reillo.
Species TV. Boschii (Doz. et Molk.) affinis, sed foliorum forma setaque
brevi jam dignoscenda.
SEMATOPHYLLUM (Mitt.) Jaeger
SEMATOPHYLLUM SUBULATUM (Hamp.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, altitude 700 to 1,100 meters,
Bur. Sci. 1702b, 17053, 17065, 17117, 17160, 17163 Robinson.
SEMATOPHYLLUM ALTOPUNGENS (C. Mull.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17315 Robinson &
Brown. *
SEMATOPHYLLUM HYALINUM (Reinw.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, altitude 900 to 1,000 me-
ters, Bur. Sci. 1705b, 17076, 1708b Robinson: Pampanga Province, Mount
Arayat, Bur. Sci. 22bb9 Ramos. Camiguin de Mindanao, Bur. Sci. lbOOS
Ramos.
SEMATOPHYLLUM HERMAPHRODITUM (C. Mull.) Besch.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, altitude 1,000 meters, Bur.
Sci. 17098, 17116, 17319 Robinson: Sorsogon Province, Bur. Sci. 237 b6
p.p. Ramos. Camiguin de Mindanao, Bur. Sci. Ib901 Ramos.
SEMATOPHYLLUM (CH AETOM ITR I ELLA ) LUZONENSE Broth, sp. nov.
Dioicum; robustiusculum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, viri-
dibus vel lutescenti-viridibus, nitidis; caulis repens, dense ramo-
sus, ramis usque ad 4 cm longis, dense ramulosis, ramis et
ramulis dense foliosis, complanatulis, cuspidatis ; folia patentia,
cochleariformi-concava, ovato-ovalia, in acumen elongatum, pili-
forme contracta, marginibus erectis, integerrimis, enervia, cellu-
lis incrassatis, conflatis, lumine angustissime lineari, flexuosulo,
basilaribus infimis abbreviatis, aureis, alaribus quaternis, oblon-
go-vesiculosis, fusco-aureis, omnibus laevissimis; bracteae peri-
chaetii erectae, foliis conformes, sed minores, acumine serrato,
cellulis basilaribus laxioribus; seta 1.5 cm vel paulum ultra alta.
222
The Philippine Journal of Science
tenuissima, rubra, summo apice mamillis latis, humillimis
obtecta; theca horizontalis, cylindrica, collo tuberculoso, atro-
purpurea; operculum e basi convexa longissime subulatum.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on base of buttress-roots
of living tree, altitude 600 meters, Bur. Sci. 17010 Robinson.
Species S. pilifero Broth, affinis, sed stratura duplo minore, foliorum
forma nec non seta multo breviore optime diversa.
BRACHYTHECIACEAE
RHYNCHOSTEGIUM Bryol. eur.
RHYNCHOSTEGIUM VAGANS (Harv.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19932 McGregor.
Area: Nepal, Sikkim, Java, Ceram and Ternate
HYPNODENDRACEAE
HYPNODENDRON (C. Mull.) Lindberg
HYPNODENDRON FORMOSICUM Card
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, altitude 750 to
1,000 meters, Bur. Sci. 17091 Robinson.
MNIODENDRON Lindberg
MNIODENDRON DIVARICATUM (Reinw. et Hornseh.) Lindb.
Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20328 McGregor.
Mindanao, Butuan Subprovince, Weber 1301.
MNIODENDRON FUSCOM UCRONATUM (C. Mull.) Broth.
Luzon, Bataan Province, Bur. Sci. 22012 Medina. Biliran, Bur. Sci.
18158 McGregor.
RHACOPILACEAE
RHACOPILUM Beauvois
RHACOPILUM SPECTABILE Reinw. et Hornseh.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Baker 1326: Ifugao Subprovince,
Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19929 McGregor : Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity
of Dupax, Bur. Sci. 11319 McGregor. Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18157 McGregor.
Camiguin de Mindanao, Bur. Sci. 11888 Ramos. Panay, Iloilo Province,
near Camp Larena, altitude 800 meters, Robinson.
POLYTRICHACEAE
POGONATUM Beauvois
POGONATUM ALBOMARGINATUM (C. Mull.) Jaeg.
Luzon, Abra Province, Mount Posuey, Bur. Sci. 27087 Ramos.
POGONATUM MICROSTOMUM R. Br.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai. Baker 1338.
POGONATUM SPURIO-CIRRATUM Broth.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Merrill 7532, Bur. Sci. 19591
Ramos: Benguet Subprovince, Merrill 7831.
The Philippine Journal of Science, C. Botany.
Vol. XIII, No. 4, July, 1918.
THE FUNGI CULTIVATED BY TERMITES IN THE VICINITY
OF MANILA AND LOS BAnOS
By William H. Brown
(From the College of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines, and from
the Bureau of Science, Manila)
TWO PLATES
It is well known that certain species of termites use their
excreta for building combs upon which grow fungi that serve
as food for the young and for the queen. Petch 1 has given
a very extensive account of the fungi of the termite nests of
Ceylon and, more recently, has written a general review of the
literature on termite fungi. In the latter publication 2 he has
shown that the same fungi occur on termite combs in very
widely separated geographical regions.
Certain termites, which are very common in the vicinity of
Manila, build nests that in many ways are similar to those
described by Petch. These nests are of two types. One con-
sists of a mound of earth which may be a meter or more in
height and frequently in addition has cavities underground. The
other is entirely underground. Within the nest are a large
number of cavities connected by passages. In the center of the
mounds (Plate III, fig. 1) there is usually a hard portion which
contains the queen chamber and smaller cavities and passages
connected with it. Outside of this region the cavities are larger
and usually contain combs. Plate III, fig. 2, represents a section
of the outer portion of a large nest.
The combs (Plate IV, fig. 1) are composed of small balls
closely packed together and appear to be built from the excre-
ment of the termites. In this, they agree with Petch’s descrip-
tion. Their composition is quite different from the substratum
of the “fungus gardens” of the Attii which according to Belt 3
are usually composed of fragments of leaves but also of flowers
1 Petch, T., The fungi of certain Termite nests, Ann. Bot. Gard. Pera-
deniya 3 (1906) 185-270, f. 3.
'Petch, T., Termite Fungi: A resume, Ann. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 5
(1913) 303-341.
3 Belt, Thomas, The Naturalist in Nicaragua (1874), ed. 2 (1888).
223
224 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
and fruit. Tanner 4 reports that the ants work these fragments
with their mouth parts and then place them in position.
The termite combs, from Manila and Los Banos, (Plate III,
fig. 2, and Plate IV, fig. 1) lie loosely on the floor of the larger
cavities or chambers of the nest. They are brown, either flat
or convexo-concave, about 2 centimeters thick and from a few
to many centimeters in diameter. The passages in the combs
are either rounded or elongated and run from the top to the
bottom of the comb. They are frequently simple or a few may
be connected together.
In the following discussion, the different fungi found on the
termite combs in the vicinity of Manila and Los Banos, will be
treated separately.
THE “CONIDIAL” SPHERE ( AEGERITA DUTHEI BERK.)
The termite combs in the vicinity of Manila and Los Banos
are impregnated with fungus hyphae and their surfaces are
thickly dotted with rounded fungoid bodies on short stalks
(Plate IV, fig. 1). These appear to be entirely similar to those
described from Ceylon by Petch and are probably eaten by the
termites, as what seem to be spores from these can be found
inside the young termites.
Holtermann,5 who studied the termites of India and Malaya,
described these white, stalked, spherical bodies which occurred on
the mycelium of the termite combs. Holtermann and Doflein 6
both found that these were eaten by the termites. Doflein
suggests that these bodies form the food of all the larvae and
the sexual individuals, while at a certain stage the soldiers and
workers adopt another kind of food. The geographic distribu-
tion of these spheres is summarized by Petch 7 as follows :
Holtermann regarded these spheres as identical in all the nests he
examined, whether in Ceylon, Java, Singapore, or Borneo. It is, I think,
clear from the description and figures of the Madagascar species that the
latter is identical with that found in Ceylon; and from Berkeley’s figures
the Ceylon species is certainly the same as that found in India. Fur-
thermore, Tragardh’s description and figures of the fungus on the combs
of T. vulgaris in the Sudan agree well with the Ceylon species. I have
not been able to find any reference, in the literature at my disposal, to
4 Tanner, J. E., Oecodema cephalotes, the parasol or leaf-cutting ant,
Trinidad Field Nat. Club 1 (1892) 68-69.
6 Holtermann, C., Botanische Untersuchungen (1899) 411-420.
* Doflein, F., Die Pilzkulturen der Termiten, Verhandl. Deutsch. Zool
Gesellschaft (1905) 140-149.
’ Petch, T., Termite fungi : A resume, Ann. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 5
(1913) 303-341.
xiii, c, 4 Brown: Fungi Cultivated by Termites 225
any similar fungus in termite nests in Australia or America, but in all
the countries in which the fungus on the termite comb has been carefully
examined the species is the same, as far as can be determined from a
conidial form only.
In discussing the connection of these spheres with higher fungi
occurring on termite combs Petch 8 says :
It has been the aim of all mycologists who have studied the subject to
establish a connection between the conidial fungus, (Aegerita Duthei)
and one of the other termite fungi, but so far all these attempts have
proved fruitless.
THE XYLARIA
When the combs from the vicinity of Manila or Los Banos
were removed from the nests and placed in covered battery
jars, a sterile form of what appeared to be a Xylaida always
grew from them. These growths had a white core surrounded
by a dense black layer which was tomentose with white to black
hyphae. Branched specimens were rare except in cases where
the developing fungus had come in contact with a solid object.
The growths showed two very distinct types between which there
were all degrees of intergradation. The largest (Plate IV, fig.
3) had a rudimentary stalk above which there was an oval
shaped portion which usually tapered into a long whiplike
extremity. The two largest specimens of this type were re-
spectively 2.5 and 1 cm in diameter in the widest portion and
52 and 99 cm in length. The other extreme type (Plate IV,
fig. 2) was a threadlike form averaging about 2 mm in diameter
and 30 cm in length. The longest was 3 mm in its greatest
diameter and 152 cm in length. Others were less than 1 cm
long. The production of these two types seemed to be in-
fluenced by the age of the combs, the smaller type appearing
in general on the oldest combs. The smallest specimens of the
smaller type were produced under very dry conditions. A va-
riety of these sterile forms is shown in Plate IV, fig. 3 while
Plate IV, fig. 2 represents a cone bearing a large number of
the smaller type.
The Xylaria- like growths do not seem to come from the
conidial spheres on the combs as after the combs are removed
from the nests the spheres turn brown and disappear in a few
days. On the second day after the combs are placed in the
battery jars they become covered by a very sparse growth of
white mycelium, which comes out from the substance of the
comb and not from the spherical bodies. On the third day
' Petch, T., op. cit.
226 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
feathery columns of white hyphae grow up, apparently, from
the mycelium in the interior of the comb. As these columns
increase in length the central portions become denser and in
seven to ten days the separate columns have metamorphosed
into the Xylaria- like structures. The outermost hyphae remain
as a tomentose covering while the tips, especially in the larger
type, are frequently composed of a mass of loose white hyphae.
The sparse growth of hyphae which covered the comb under-
goes a similar change and comes to have the appearance of a
loose black net.
In two cases combs were placed in earth in brick flower pots,
the combs being covered by a layer of earth about 2 cm deep.
In the first case the pot was left uncovered. The structures
produced were of the larger type and curled around the soil
without appearing at the surface. In the other case the pot
was placed under a battery jar. The Xylaria-like structures
produced were mostly of an intermediate type but there were
a few threadlike forms about 10 cm in length which were
covered by a loose layer of conidiophores. The conidiophores
grew out perpendicular to the axis of the fruit body and ter-
minated in club-shaped four-lobed heads on which numerous
rows of spores were borne. The entire head formed a some-
what flattened spherical structure. The spores were catenulate
and from 4 to 5 ^ in diameter. These spores are similar to the
conidiospores ascribed to Xylaria furcata Fr.9 Similar coni-
diophores were also produced on some sclerotia grown on agar.
These sclerotia were obtained by taking a few hyphae from a
developing sterile form and transferring them to agar in test
tubes. In a few days these produced other sterile sclerotia
from 6 to 10 cm in length and from 3 to 7 mm in diameter.
By transferring hyphae from these to fresh tubes, before the
sclerotia had turned black, other sclerotia were again produced.
This process was repeated six times without any apparent dimi-
nution in the vigor of the growth. As some of these sclerotia
dried out they became covered by a loose layer of conidiophores
similar to those previously described. The entire structure of
these fertile forms agrees quite well with the description which
Petch gives of the Xylarias grown by him in pots except that
his stromata were smaller, never being more than 1 cm in length.
In one jar simple conidiophores were produced on sclerotia
grown on combs. These formed a dense covering around the
“Petch, T., Termite fungi: A resume, Ann. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 5
(1913) 303-341.
xiii, c, 4 Brown: Fungi Cultivated by Termites 227
apical part of the fruit bodies. The spores were oval and about
3 by 2 [1. Petch reports simple conidia with spores from 4
to 6 by 2 /x from Xylaria nigripes.
The development and general appearance of the sterile
Xylaria- like structures is very similar to Petch’s description.
The forms grown by him under bell jars showed a much greater
tendency to branch than did the form under discussion ; and
were in general smaller, the longest mentioned by him having
a length of only 14 cm. Petch, however, describes other forms
which grew out of a deserted nest from combs 40 to 50 cm
below the surface. These must have had a length comparable
to that of those grown in Manila. The larger of the Manila
types is, moreover, paralleled to some extent by sclerotia which
he found in the same nest. These are described as black, ir-
regular or fig-shaped, up to 8 cm in length and 3 cm in breadth.
The lower left-hand figure in Plate IV, fig. 3 agrees very well
with this description.
Petch 10 in writing of the Xylarias on termite combs says :
To simplify matters, we may for the present adopt von Hohnel’s view,
that there are two species of Xylaria present.
Petch, however, apparently thinks that there is only one
species as in discussing the number of species or termite combs,
he says:
Apparently there are two, bat t ere are several facts which make it
probable that these are forms of one species.
If there is only one species present, this is Xylaria nigripes
Klotzsch. The ascigerous forms of Xylaria nigripes occurs at
Los Banos on deserted termite nests, so that, although no con-
nection has been traced between the Xylaria grown on termite
cones and the ascigerous form of Xylaria nigripes, it is probable
that this species is represented among the sterile forms.
Xylaria furcata is a dichotomously branched species. The only
dichotomously branched specimen in my cultures was an abor-
tive one grown at Los Banos. This never turned black and
did not develop further than the loose feathery stage. On the
other hand, the catenulate spores, mentioned above, are similar
to those ascribed to Xylaria furcata. The absence of branched
specimens and the presence of these spores would seem to be
another point of evidence indicating that Xylaria furcata is
simply a form of Xylaria nigripes.
10 Petch, T., op. cit.
228 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
Fetch 11 gives the following discussion of the distribution of
Xylaria nigripes:
Summing up, we find that Sclerotum stipitatum has b:en found in ter-
mite nests in India, Ceylon, Java, and Africa; Xylaria nigripes occurs in
the same situation in Ceylon, Java, Madagascar, and probably Brazil;
and Xylaria furcata in Ceylon and Java. X. nigripes has been recorded
from other countries also, without any reference to its connection with
termite nests. But in all such cases it is sa d to grow cn the ground,
not on wood. In Ceylon neither X. nigripes nor X. furcata are found
except growing from termite nests.
The writer has not observed any XylariaAike structures in
termite nests, but Blanco 12 describes, under the name Sclerotium
subterraneum, some sclerotia which came from a termite nest
and which, judging by his description, had an appearance very
similar to the larger form above considered. According to
Petch 13 similar structures are found in India, Ceylon, Java,
and Africa. Blanco’s name is older than Sclerotum stipitatum
Berk, and Curr.
The general appearance of the substance of the black net-
work which grew over the combs in the vicinity of Manila and
Los Banos, was very similar to the stromata of the Xylaria,
while the structure of the individual cells of the two seemed
to be identical. On some of these threadlike growths there
appeared small, white, spherical sclerotia which in superfi-
cial appearance resembled very closely the spherical bodies
on the combs. These sclerotia contained only one kind of
conidia-like cells, but these, though smaller, have the same
appearance as the conidia in the spherical bodies on the cones
in the nests while the hyphae on which the two are borne
appear to be entirely similar except for size. When these
sclerotia were examined under a microscope they appeared to
arise from the cells of the black threads and no other fungus
hyphae were apparent. The hyphae of the sclerotia, moreover,
had an appearance which except for size seemed to be identical
with the hyphae which formed the stromata of the Xylarias.
The presence of these sclerotia would suggest the possibility
that the “conidial” spheres on the combs might grow from
the hyphae of the Xylaria.
Petch observed small spherical sclerotia in his cultures.
These, however, contained no conidia but in two cases produced
Xylaria stromata.
11 Petch, T., op. cit.
12 Blanco, M., FL Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 584.
18 Petch, T., op. cit.
XIII, C, 4
Brown: Fungi Cultivated by Termites
229
THE AGARIC
Petch 14 describes in considerable detail the agaric, Collybia
albuminosa (Berk.) Petch, which grows from the actual combs
in the termite nests. He 15 makes the following statements con-
cerning its habitat:
The agaric arises from the nest while it is still inhabited by the ter-
mites. It seldom appears on the actual termite hill, but usually among
the grass round the base. At Peradeniya it is more frequently found
growing from subterranean nests which have not yet attained the hill
stage, and whose presence is indicated by a few small chimneys only.
Its geographic distribution is summarized by Petch 16 as
follows :
The occurrence of agarics in or around termite nests has been recorded
from Ceylon, India, Singapore, Java, Borneo, and Brazil. The species in
question is usually regarded as edible, and for that reason it has fre-
quently been included in collections of tropical agarics; it is, for example,
due to that fact that we have the records relating to termite nests in
India. The names under which the agaric has been described differ in dif-
ferent countries, and even from the same country it has had several names
bestowed upon it, but from a comparison of the descriptions, and the
type specimens in some cases, it is quite certain that the species which
develops from termite nests is the same in all the countries in which it
has been found up to the present.
Although this fungus is very common on termite nests, it has
not been grown from the combs removed from the nests.
The agaric occurs in two forms, identical so far as pilei are
concerned, but differing in the character of the stalk. In one
form the stalk is almost uniform in diameter throughout. In the
other the lower part of the stalk is about two millimeters in
diameter, but as it ascends to the soil it expands up to 1-2 centi-
meters in diameter.
While in Los Banos, my attention was called by Doctor E. B.
Copeland to an agaric which appeared to be growing from the
ground but which he had traced to termite combs in subter-
ranean nests. This fungus showed two forms which Doctor
Copeland has identified as the two forms of the agaric described
by Petch from Ceylon. At Los Banos, as in Ceylon, this fungus
appears to grow only from termite nests, and to be always
connected with the combs.
14 Petch, T., The fungi of certain termite nests, Ann. Bot. Gard. Pera-
deniya 3 (1906) 185-270, fig. 3.
15 Petch, T., Termite fungi: A resume, Ann. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 5
(1913) 303-341.
16 Petch, T., op. cit.
■
- :V
>
. ,
!i .
\
\
ILLUSTRATIONS
Plate III
Fig. 1. Vertical section through the center of a termite nest. The white
strip of paper in the left of the picture is 50 centimeters in
length. In the center of the nest is seen a compact structure
with numerous passageways. This structure contains the queen
cavity.
2. Vertical section through the peripheral part of a termite nest.
The cones are seen very plainly in the cavities.
Plate IV
Fig. 1. A small termite cone slightly reduced. The fungus bodies appear
as white spots. That the cone is composed of a large number
of round structures can be seen from the picture. These struc-
tures are the balls of termite excreta.
2. A termite cone producing a large number of small Xylaria-Wke
structures.
3. A variety of Xylaria- like structures produced by termite cones.
The scale represents 20 centimeters divided into centimeters.
231
.
-
...
.
Brown : Fungi Cultivated by Termites.]
[Phil. Journ. Sci., C, XIII, No. 4.
Fig. 1. Vertical section through the center of a termite nest.
Fig. 2. Vertical section through the peripheral part of a termite nest.
PLATE III.
Brown : Fungi Cultivated by Termites.]
[Phil. Journ. Sci., C, XIII, No. 4.
Fig. 1. A small termite cone slightly reduced. 2. A termite cone producing a large number of
small Xylaria-like structures. 3. A variety of Xylariarlike structures produced by termite
cone.
PLATE IV.
The Philppine Journal of Science, C. Botany.
Vol. XIII, No. 4, July, 1918.
FUNGI FROM BRITISH NORTH BORNEO
By Harry S. Yates
( From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory , Bureau of
Science, Manila)
The fungus flora of Borneo is at present but little known.
In 1844 Leveille 1 cited two species of Exidia, one of which is
described as new, collected in Borneo by Korthals. Berkeley 2
gives a list of thirty-four fungi collected in Borneo; of these
one is described as new. Nineteen are referred to the genus
Polyporus and of the remainder all but three belong either to
the Polyporacecte or Agaricaceae. In 1898 Massee 3 cited nine
species of fungi from the east coast of British North Borneo,
one of which is described as new. Three species belong to the
Agaricaceae and the remainder are Polyporaceae. Hennings 4
describes a species of Omphalia from western Borneo near Beng-
kajang. Bresadola 5 6 gives the results of a study of a collection
of fungi made by Winkler in 1908 in southeast Borneo. In this
paper he cites twenty-one species all appertaining to the higher
fungi, three of which are described as new. In 1912 Sydow 0
described five new species of lower fungi all collected in south-
east Borneo by Winkler.
By far the most important paper dealing with Borneo fungi
is that of Cesati 7 in which the fungi collected by Beccari during
his travels in Borneo are listed and the new forms described.
Unfortunately this publication is not available in Manila, but
by a search through Saccardo’s Sylloge Fungorum what is be-
lieved to be a fairly complete list of the fungi known from Bor-
neo has been compiled. The total number of fungi reported
from Borneo previous to the present paper is two hundred
ninety-six; of these about thirty are Agaricaceae, eighty-three
Polyporaceae, sixteen Tlielephoraceae, three Clavariaceae, and
one Hydnaceae, making a total of one hundred thirty-two to be
referred to the higher fungi. Of the remainder, forty-three
species belong to the Xylariaceae and about thirteen to the
1 Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ill 2 (1844) 167-221.
2 Hooker Journ. Bot. Kew Miscel. 4 (1852) 161-164.
3 Kew Bulletin (1898) 119-120.
4 Hedwigia 32 (1893) 63, t. 7, f. 3.
6 Ann. Myc. 9 (1911) 549—553.
6 Ann. Myc. 10 (1912) 77-85.
7 Atti Accad. Sci. Napoli 8 (1878) 1-28, t. 1—J)
156163 3
233
234
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
Hypocreaceae. A few species each of Phallaceae, Lycoperda -
ceae, Nidulariaceae, Sphaeriaceae, and Pezizaceae are reported.
Other groups are represented in the list by only one or two
species. Four Laboulbeniaceae have been reported from the
island. Up to the present time only one species of Meliola had
been recorded from Borneo.
In examining the data in reference to the number of fungi
reported from Borneo it is to be noted that most of the species
belong to groups in which the plants are relatively large and
conspicuous. Comparatively few representatives of the smaller
leaf parasites appear in the list. In listing the fungi reported
from Borneo, I have made no attempt to adjust the synonomy
and so the actual number of distinct forms is probably consider-
ably less than the figures as given above would indicate. The
extent of our knowledge of Bornean fungi appears to be at
least no greater than that possessed of Philippine fungi previous
to 1906 when Ricker’s 8 compilation showed less than two hun-
dred species to be known from the Archipelago. While no exact
data is available at the present time, it is probable that the
known Philippine fungi number between 2,000 and 2,500 species.
In fact it seems likely that our knowledge of Bornean fungi
at the present time is comparatively less than was our knowledge
of the Philippine forms in 1906, since in 1906 a proportionately
far larger number of inconspicuous forms of Philippine fungi
were known than is the case regarding the smaller forms in
Borneo.
The present paper gives the results of a study of a small
collection of fungi secured by the writer during a recent visit
to British North Borneo. The fungi were collected incidental
to other work and were mostly secured in the lowlands along
the coast as no time was available for excursions into the forests
of the interior. As is to be expected a large proportion of the
specimens secured are referable to well known and widely dis-
tributed species. Five apparently new species are described and
a number previously unknown from Borneo are recorded.
CENANGIACEAE
TRYBLID1ELLA Saccardo
TRYBLiDIELLA MINDANAENSIS P. Henn. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3
(1908) Bot. 53.
British North Borneo, Membakut, Yates 116, October 9, 1917, on dead
branches of Hevea brasiliensis ; Tenom, Yates 87, October, 1917, on the
same host.
8 Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 277-294.
xiii, c, 4 Yates: Fungi from British North Borneo 235
This is one of the commonest species of the lower fungi in the Philip-
pines and apparently is also abundant in Borneo. It is a saprophyte and
occurs in all sorts of dead wood. It has also been collected in the Philip-
pines on dead branches of Hevea brasiliensis.
PERISPORIACEAE
MELIOLA Fries
MELIOLA PTEROCARPIAE sp. nov.
Maculis epiphyllis, subpelliculosis, atris, orbicularibus vel
suborbicularibus, 2 ad 6 mm diametro, vel confluentibus et mag-
nam parten folium occupante, mycelio tenuissimo, ex hyphis
parce ramosis brunneis 6 ad 8 p, crassis composito; ramis ple-
rumque oppositis; hyphopodiis capitatis numerosis, alternanti-
bus, cellula superiore ovata, 11 ad 13 X 19 ad 12 p, cellula
inferiore 5 p longa ; hyphopodiis mucronatis paucissimis, ampulli-
formibus, usque ad 18 p longis; setis mycelicis validis, rectis,
erectis, atris, opacis, simplicibus, acutis, 200 p longis, 10 ad 12
p crassis; peritheceis numerosis, globosis, atris, opacis, 125 ad
140 p diametro ; ascis ovatis, bisporis, mox diffluentibus ; sporidiis
cylindraceis, utrinque late rotundatis, 4-septatis, ad septa con-
strictis, brunneis, 38 ad 40 X 12 ad 15 p.
British North Borneo, Tenom, Yates 102, October 17, 1917, on leaves
of Pterocarpus indicus.
Parasitized by Spegazzinia and associated with Phaeodothiopsis ptero-
carpae Yates.
MELIOLA OTOPHORAE sp. nov.
Maculas epiphyllas, atras, orbiculares vel suborbiculares, 2 ad
5 mm diametro; mycelio abundante, ex hyphis rectis vel tortuo-
sis brunneis 7 ad 8 p crassis composito; ramosis, ramis ple-
rumque alternantibus ; hyphopodiis capitatis numerosis, cellula
superiore oblonga vel subinde lobata, 10 ad 12 p longa, 6 ad
10 p lata, cellula inferiore 5 ad 6 p longa; hyphopodiis mucro-
natis paucissimis, ampulliformibus, usque ad 15 p longis, setis
mycelicis erectis, rectis, obscure brunneis, 350 ad 450 p longis,.
7 ad 8 p crassis, acutis; peritheceis numerosis, globosis, atris,
opacis, 150 ad 200 p diametro; ascis ovoideis, 30 ad 35 X 18 ad
20 p, bisporis; sporidiis 4-septatis, ad septa constrictis, cylin-
draceis, utrinque obtusis, brunneis, 30 ad 32 p longis, 8 ad 12
p latis.
British North Borneo, Sapong, Yates 107, October 16, 1917, on the
leaves of Otophora fructicosa.
MELIOLA JASM I NICOLA P. Henn. in Hedwigia 34 (1895) 11.
British North Borneo, Bangawan, Yates 91, October 10, 1917, on
Jasminium sambac.
236 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918
Hennings’ description of material from Tonkin states that the perithecia
are 240 to 300 v- in diameter, in the Bornean material they are about 150
m in diameter; the spores are given as 30 to 36 x 10 to 15 m and in our
specimens they are 40 to 45 X 15 to 18 y. I have referred this material
to Meliola jasminicola because comparison with material in the herbarium
of the Bureau of Science ( Merrill 7469) of a Meliola on Jasminium sambac
determined by Sydow as M. jasminicola shows the same variation as do
the Bornean specimens.
MELIOLA MANGIFERA Earle in Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 9 (1904) 307.
British North Borneo, Membakut, Yates 111, October 9, 1917, on leaves
of Mangifera indica.
Our specimens differ in certain details from the description, but in
general seem to agree closely enough to be placed here. In our material
the spots are mostly on the upper surface of the leaves but occur also
upon the lower surface. The setae are comparatively few and all of one
sort; they are 500 to 700 y long and the tips are acute. The species was
originally described from Jamaica and has also been collected in the Phil-
ippines, Porto Rico, and India.
CAPNODIACEAE
AITHALODERM A Sydow
AITHALODERMA CLAVATISPORU M Syd. in Ann. Myc. 1 1 (1913) 257,
/. S.
British North Borneo, Sandakan, Yates 83, October 26, 1917, on leaves
of Acrostichum aureum; Yates 83a, on Mallotus polyanthus.
This species was first described on Voacanga globosa from the Philip-
pines and has since been collected on Psidium guajava, Ixora coccinea,
Antidesma bunius and Sandoricum indicum. The Borneo specimens ap-
pear to be referable here though the mycelium is much less dense than
in the Philippine material. The entire upper leaf surface is covered by
a black coating which is readily removed as a pellicle.
CAPNODIUM Montagne
CAPNODIUM sp.
Mycelium crustaceous, widely effused and entirely covering the upper
surface of the leaf, black; hyphae brown, septate, branched, articulations
varying, but mostly 5 to 10 y long, constricted at the septa, 5 to 8 m in
diameter, lighter brown filamentous hyphae are also present; pycnidia cy-
lindric, enlarged at the base, 500 to 700 A long; perithecia numerous, 100
I* in diameter; no ascospores found.
British North Borneo, Membakut, Yates 99, October 9, 1917, on leaves
of Annona.
Patouillard, in Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 20 (1904) 135, has described a
species of Capnodium ( C . anonae Pat.) on Annona squamosa from Poly-
nesia, but it appears to differ very considerably from our species. Cap-
nodium anonae has been reported on leaves of Ficus and Agave from India
by Sydow and Butler in Ann. Myc. 9 (1911) 384.
xiii, c, 4 Yates: Fungi from British North Borneo 237
HYPOCREACEAE
M EGALON ECTR I A Spegazzini
M EGALON ECTRI A PSE U DOTR ICH I A (Schw.) Speg. in Anal. Soc. Cienc.
Argent. 12 (1881) 217.
Sphaerostilbe pseudotrichia B. & Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14 (1875)
114.
Nectria pseudotrichia B. & C. in Journ. Acad. Phila. II 2 (1835) 289.
Sphaeria pseudotrichia Schw. in Berk. & Curt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II
2 (1853) 289 (as synonym).
British North Borneo, Tenom, Yates 8*6, October 16, 1917, on dead
branches of Hevea brasiliensis.
This is very abundant on dead branches lying on the ground and is
often associated with Diplodia cacaoicola.
HYPOCREA Fries
HYPOCREA BORNEENSIS sp. nov.
Stromatibus gregariis, sessilibus, convexo-pulvinatis, 3 ad 6
mm diametro, extus brunneis, intus pallide brunneis ; peritheceis
globosis, immersis, ostiolis punctiformibus, brevis, ascis cylin-
draceis, aparaphysatis, 70 ad 80 X 5 ad 6 ^ 8-sporis (simulate
16-sporis) ; sporidiis monostichis e duabus cellulis aequalibus
compositis, mox decedentibus, cellulis singulis globosis, hyalinis,
4 ad 5 p. diametro.
British North Borneo, Membakut, Yates 100, October 9, 1917, on de-
caying log of Hevea brasiliensis.
PHYLLACHORACEAE
PH AEODOTH I OPS IS Theissen et Sydow
PH AEODOTH I OPS IS PTEROCARPI sp. nov.
Stromatibus epiphyllis, numerosis ca. 0.5 ad 1.5 mm diametro,
dispersis; carbonaceis, hemisphaerico-pulvinatis, laevibus, atris,
in maculis fuscidulis, 2 ad 3 mm diametro dispositis; loculis ca.
6 ad 12, 80 ad 120 p diametro, globosis; ascis cylindraceis, 50
ad 60 p longis, 10 p latis, 8-sporis, paraphysatis ; sporidiis dis-
tichis, oblongis, utrinque rotundatis, brunneis, ad basim 1-septa-
tis, constrictis, cellula superiore 10 X 12.5 p, inferiore 3 ad 4
p longa et 3 p lata.
British North Borneo, Tenom, Yates 10k, October 17, 1917, on leaves
of Pterocarpus indicus.
This species is very abundant on the leaves of Pterocarpus, associated
with Meliola pterocarpiae Yates, The 2-celled brown spores readily dis-
tinguish it from the other PhyUachoraceae reported upon this host. Co-
nidia are borne on the younger stromata. They are subglobose or
somewhat irregular in shape, brown and about 10 to 12 p diam.
238 The Philippine Journal of Science , isis
TRABUTIA Saccardo et Roumeguere
TRABUTIA VERNICOSA Theiss. et Syd. in Ann. Myc. 13 (1915) 353.
British North Borneo, Bangawan, Yates 92, October 10, 1917, on
leaves of Ficus sp.
This specimen is apparently to be referred to this species which has
previously been collected only in Mindoro, Philippines. It appears to be
very abundant on Ficus in Borneo.
MYCOSPHAERELLACEAE
MYCOSPHAERELLA Johanson
M YCOSPHAERELLA ALOCASI AE Syd. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913)
Bot. 195.
British North Borneo, Tenom, Yates 84, October 16, 1917, on leaves
of Alocasia macrorrhiza.
Unfortunately the specimens are rather immature and the spores are
not fully developed, but otherwise the material agrees well with Mycos-
phaerella alocasiae which is very common on Alocasia and related plants.
VALSACEAE
EUTYPA Tulasne
EUTYPA BAMBUSINA Penz et Sacc. in Malpighia 11 (1897) 501; Ic.
Fung. Java (1904) t. 23, f 1.
British North Borneo, Papar, Yates 110, October 14, 1917, on dead
bamboo.
This was first described from Java, and is one of the most abundant
species in the Philippines. It appears to occur only upon dead bamboo.
XYLARIACEAE
DALDINIA de Notaris et Cesati
DALDINIA CONCENTRICA (Bolt.) Ces. et De Not. in Comm. Critt. Ital.
1 (1863) 198.
Sphaeria concentrica Bolt. Hist. Fung. Halifax 3 (1791) 180 t. 1.
British North Borneo, Membakut, Yates 69, October 9, 1917, on dead
log of Hevea brasiliensis.
A cosmopolitan species very common on many kinds of dead wood in
the Philippines and one of the few species collected by me that has pre-
viously been reported from Borneo.
KRET2SCHMARIA Fries
KR ETZSCH MARIA ? PECHUELII P. Henn. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 14 (1891)
365, t. 6, f. 10.
British North Borneo, Tenom, Yates 103, October 17, on a dead and
half decayed log of Hevea brasiliensis.
Kretzschmaria pechuelii was described by Hennings from material col-
lected on dead stumps in Africa. In our material the fungus is about 15
millimeters high, the sterile portion branching, the branches contiguous
xiii, c, 4 Yates: Fungi from British North Borneo 239
and the more or less spherical fertile portions at the end of each branch
also contiguous and forming a crust. Our material appears to be some-
what larger and more robust than the form described by Hennings. The
asci were not seen but the spores agree very well with Hennings’ de-
scription. This may be a distinct species but in the absence of material
of K. pechuelii for comparison I have referred it to that species.
USTULINA Tulasne
USTULINA ZONATA (Lev.) Sacc. in Syll. Fung. 1 (1882) 352.
Sphaeria zonata Lev. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Ill 3 (1845) 48.
British North Borneo, Membakut, Yates 112, October 9, 1917, on the
base of trunks of living Hevea brasiliensis .
This fungus was first described from material obtained on a palm in
Java. It causes a serious disease of tea in Ceylon and is now known to
cause a rather important disease of Hevea brasiliensis in Malaya. It has
also been reported on Hevea brasiliensis and a number of other hosts in
Ceylon.
THELEPHORACEAE
CORTICIUM Persoon
CORTICIUM SALMON I CO LOR B. et Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14 (1875)
71.
Necator decretus Mass, in Kew Bull. (1898) 119.
Corticium javanicum Zimmerman in Centralbl. Bakter. 7 (1901) 103.
Corticium zimmermanni Sacc. et Syd. Syll. Fung. 16 (1902) 117
(Nomen); Syll. Fung. 17 (1905) 169.
British North Borneo, Membakut, Yates 1H, October 9, 1917, on living
branches of Hevea brasiliensis; Yates 115, on branches of Annona.
This fungus was first described from Ceylon material about 1875 and
apparently did not attract attention again until about 1897 when it ap-
peared on coffee in Malaya. Specimens sent to Kew were described by
Massee as a new genus and species of fungi imperfecti which he named
Necator decretus Massee. In 1901 Zimmermann reported the fungus on
coffee, tea, Bixa orellana and Erythroxylon coca in Java and connected
Necator decretus Massee with the perfect stage which he described as
Corticium. javanicum Zimm. It was first reported from Borneo by Ridley
in 1904 on Hevea sent from Sandakan. It is now known to occur prac-
tically throughout the tropical regions of the orient and a recent report
indicates its presence in Porto Rico. It causes a very serious disease
of rubber in Malaya and Borneo and of tea in Ceylon. In the Philippines
it causes a rather serious disease of Citrus.
POLYPORACEAE
DAEDALEA Persoon
DAEDALEA IMPONENS Ces. in Atti Accad. Sci. Napoli 8 (1878) 7.
Funalia philippinensis Murr. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 34 (1907)
469.
British North Borneo, Tenom, Yates 105, October 17, 1917, on dead
partly decayed logs.
While the specimens differ in some respects from Cesati’s description,
as given in the Sylloge Fungorum, they agree fairly well with specimens
240
The Philippine Journal of Science
in the Bureau of Science herbarium so named by Bresadola. When fresh
the margin of the pileus was lavender in color, soon fading however to
brown.
SPHAERIOIDACEAE
PHYLLOSTICTA Persoon
PHYLLOSTICTA HEVEAE Zimm. in Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenz. 10 (1901) 21.
British North Borneo, Membakut, Yates 113, October 9, 1917, on
leaves of Hevea brasiliensis.
This specimen is referred here though it differs in some respects from
Zimmerman’s description. The spores are about 8 x 3.5 to 4 ^ and the
ends are obtuse.
PHYLLOSTICTA MELOCHIAE sp. nov.
Maculis amphigenis, orbicularibus, 2 ad 4 mm diametro ;
albescentibus, linea fusco-purpurea cinctis; pycnidiis epiphyllis
sparsis, immersis, minutissimis, atris, 45 ad 60 g diametro, poro
vix conspicuo, contextu subopaco, irregulariter parenchymatico ;
sporulis paucis, subglobosis, hyalinis, 5 ad 6 X 4 ad 4.5 g
diametro, intus granulosus.
British North Borneo, Tenom, Yates 109, October 16, 1917, on Melochia
leaves.
The spots are small and irregularly scattered over the leaf. The
affected tissue finally drops out leaving holes in the leaf.
DEMATIACEAE
CERCOSPORA Fresenius
CERCOSPORA MANGIFERAE Koord. Bot. Unters. Java Pilz. (1907)
236, /. 47.
British North Borneo, Bangawan, Yates 93, October 10, 1917, on
leaves of Mangifera indica.
This species was first described from Java and is a common fungus on
this host in the Philippines. The leaf spot produced by the fungus ap-
parently causes very little injury to the tree.
The Philippine Journal of Science, C. Botany.
Vol. XIII, No. 4, July, 1918.
SOME MICROTECHNICAL METHODS AND DEVICES
By Walter R. Shaw
{From the Department of Botany, University of the Philippines, Manila)
FIVE TEXT FIGURES
contents
1. Ocular micrometers used as stage micrometers.
2. The square-ruled micrometer used as a position indicator.
3. The square-ruled micrometer for drawing to scale.
4. Capillary glass rods for cover-glass supports.
5. Autographic records on micrographic negatives.
6. A method of recording magnification on micrographic negatives.
7. Concentration of glycerin hastened by the vacuum pump.
8. A method for making sealed glycerin mounts.
9. The Osterhout mounting method adapted to Volvocaceae.
10. A plankton net for larger organisms.
11. Washing devices for small objects.
12. Methods of estimating the number of cells in spheroidal surfaces.
During several years of teaching botany and pharmacognosy,
and collecting and preparing material for a study of the Volvoca-
ceae of the vicinity of Manila, it has been found expedient to
employ modifications of the methods laid down in the various
laboratory handbooks. For the most part these modifications,
made to meet requirements of the work in hand and local con-
ditions, have originated in suggestions obtained during many
years from many sources which it would now be difficult, if
not impossible, to trace. The methods and devices here pre-
sented have served useful purposes for the writer and his stud-
ents in the past and are here published that they may be available
for others in the future.
OCULAR MICROMETERS USED AS STAGE MICROMETERS
In an instruction laboratory in which each compound micro-
scope is furnished with a linear and a square-ruled micrometer
disk, each of these scales may be used as a stage micrometer
for determining the value of the intervals of the other used
as an ocular micrometer. The disk to serve as the stage micro-
meter is easily affixed to a clean slide with a capillary film of
water. By this means I am enabled to give simultaneously to
all the students of a class exercises in the determination of the
micrometer scale values without the expense of supplying a
stage micrometer for each student.
241
242
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
THE SQUARE-RULED MICROMETER USED AS A POSITION INDICATOR
For the purpose of referring to specific parts of the micro-
scope field in the discussion of objects in view under the com-
pound microscope, the square-ruled ocular micrometer scale is
in some ways superior to the field pointer. When so using the
scale I assign numbers to the transverse rows of squares and
letters to the vertical rows so that each small square in the
scale may be specifically indicated by a number with a letter.
The Zeiss scales that I use are not marked with numbers. If
the scales were to be so marked I would prefer that the trans-
verse rows be numbered and the vertical rows lettered. The
obvious advantage of using this accessory instead of a field
pointer is that many different parts of the field can be indicated
without readjustment of the apparatus.
THE SQUARE-RULED MICROMETER FOR DRAWING TO SCALE
For use in drawing to scale from the compound microscope
all students in my classes in botany and pharmacognosy since
1911 have been supplied with square-ruled ocular micrometers.
I have found it convenient to use for the drawing a thin 1 semi-
transparent paper of suitable texture, and to place under it a
paper scale ruled into squares corresponding to those of the
ocular scale. Using a Zeiss No. 3 huygenian micrometer ocular
containing a micrometer disk with a 5 mm square ruled at 0.5
mm intervals each way and a paper scale 90 mm square ruled
at 9 mm intervals, magnifications of 120 and 500 diameters
are obtained with the Zeiss achromatic objectives A and D,
respectively. As paper scales for any desired magnification
can be easily provided, this method affords unrestricted choice
within a greater range of available magnifications than can be
had with a camera lucida. The dimming of the microscope
image and the complication of light adjustments attendant on
the use of the Abbe camera lucida are avoided by the use of
the square micrometer as an aid in drawing. And the expense
of equipment and deterioration is comparatively insignificant.
CAPILLARY GLASS RODS FOR COVER-GLASS SUPPORTS
In making Venetian-turpentine mounts of delicate objects as
variable in size as the Volvocaceae it is desirable to have cover-
glass supports of greater range of thickness than is afforded
1 The use of a translucent drawing table illuminated from below, with
the square-ruled scale on thin paper or on the glass of the table, would
make it possible to use thicker drawing paper.
XIII, C, 4
Shaw: Microtechnical Methods
243
by the use of fragments of cover glasses. Pieces of capillary
glass rods serve this purpose well. Ordinary glass rods are
heated to softness in a flame and drawn out to suitable thinness.
As they then taper more or less it is well to pass the drawn
rods through the jaws of a cover-glass tester, of the type manu-
factured by Zeiss, and break them at points corresponding to
the limitations selected for a series of grades according to size.
I keep the graded pieces of rod in marked watch glasses or vials
and break them into short lengths for use. Four short pieces
are distributed on the slide in the Venetian turpentine before
the cover is added. A light clip is used to make the cover settle
down on the rods. One advantage of using rods instead of
bits of cover-glass is that the rods, being approximately cylin-
drical, may have their thickness determined, at any time after
being mounted, by the use of the ocular micrometer.
AUTOGRAPHIC RECORDS ON MICROGRAPHIC NEGATIVES
These may be made by a device so simple that it seems prob-
able that it has already been employed. I have used it for
numbering negatives, but it is suitable for any autographic re-
cord, which it may be desirable to make on a micrographic or
other photographic plate in the laboratory, and might be adapted
to service with a plate camera in the field. The data are
written with black drawing ink on a piece or pieces of trans-
parent celluloid. Kodoid plates furnished the celluloid used by
me. For serial numbers the labels were prepared in advance.
After all adjustments have been made preliminary to insertion
of the plateholder, the celluloid label is attached by bits of
adhesive tape to the metallic diaphragm close to the focal plane
of the camera, in a part of the field selected for the purpose.
Its location may be verified by making another inspection of
the image on the ground glass before inserting the plate holder
for the exposure.
A METHOD OF RECORDING MAGNIFICATION ON MICROGRAPHIC
NEGATIVES
It is a simple matter to photograph the image of a slide-
micrometer scale on a negative beside the image of any micro-
scopic object so that the scale and object appear side by side on
the photographic positive and any reproduction. The advantage
of this method of indicating the scale of magnification over that
in which the scale is drawn on the finished print is obvious.
For this purpose one side of the circular camera field is
blocked out by a screen attached to the metallic diaphragm,
244 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
which in every good micrographic camera is close to the ground
glass and plate. The necessary adjustments are made to bring
the image of the object near the shadow of the screen, and
the exposure is made. Then the plate holder is removed; a
second screen is fixed to the diaphragm to block out the re-
mainder of the field, its edge just touching the first screen,
after which the first one is removed. The micrometer slide
is then substituted for the object slide on the stage of the
microscope and adjusted to throw its image on the unexposed
portion of the plate. A second exposure of the plate is then
made of the same duration as the first.
Pieces of black paper with straight edges serve for screens
and are easily fixed in place by pieces of adhesive tape. Sheets
of black metal would do as well or better, and clips might be
provided for holding them in place. Or a pair of diaphragms
with complementary openings might be employed in place of
the single diaphragm with its circular opening. However, the
use of adjustable screens has the advantage of permitting varia-
tion of the position of the scale to suit the size of the object
image.
To facilitate the adjustment of the micrometer slide there
may be gummed to its upper side two strips of black paper;
one across the slide to block off all the space beyond one end
of the scale, and the other lengthwise to block off as much of
the scale lines as is superfluous, leaving exposed only a short
portion of each of the lines which mark the smaller divisions.
The slide thus blocked may be very quickly brought into position
on the microscope stage and afterward brought into focus.
CONCENTRATION OF GLYCERIN HASTENED BY THE VACUUM PUMP
In his most admirable presentation of the glycerin and
Venetian-turpentine methods of making microscopical prepara-
tions, Chamberlain 2 directs that the material, properly prepared,
be put in 10 per cent glycerin (1 part glycerin and 9 parts
water) and the water allowed “to evaporate gradually in a place
as free from dust as possible.” He specifically states that :
It is not necessary to use an exsiccator. Merely put the glycerin into
shallow dishes, and leave it exposed to the air, but protected from dust.
If the material is in Petri dishes or other dishes with a large surface, 3 or
4 days will be sufficient. This process should not be hastened by warming.
2 Chamberlain, Chas. J., Methods in Plant Histology, 3d revised edition,
Chicago (1915) 93 and 98.
XIII, C, 4
Shaw: Microtechnical Methods
245
Working with Volvocaceae and other algae at Manila, I
have not found the above specified procedure satisfactory. It
was sometimes successful, but often the evaporation of the
water from the glycerin was so slow that fungus mycelia devel-
oped to the ruination of the specimens which were exposed to
the air in shallow dishes, but protected from dust. And,
usually, glycerin which has been concentrated becomes greatly
diluted by absorption of atmospheric moisture on extended ex-
posure to the air. I have secured satisfactory evaporation of
the water from the glycerin for small quantities of material by
the use of the desiccator, and for larger quantities by the use
of the vacuum pump. But to provide for the suppression of
fungous growth during early stages of evaporation, and on holi-
days when the vacuum pump, located in the power house, is
not in operation, thymol was added to the dilute glycerin. The
glycerin solution was prepared by dissolving 0.9 gm of thymol
in 9 cc of 95 per cent alcohol, adding the solution to 900 cc
of distilled water and shaking, and finally adding 100 cc of
glycerin and shaking again. While the thymol prevents fungous
growth, it cannot be relied on to serve indefinitely in open
dishes, for it seems to escape in the course of time. And pieces
of thymol, to be of service, would need to be fastened below
the surface of the liquid. In using the desiccator for the evapo-
ration, it is preferable to have the material in vials with narrow
mouths, or if it be in wide shallow dishes, to keep the dishes
nearly covered to insure that the evaporation and concentra-
tion be not too rapid.
For concentrating glycerin containing from 2.5 to 25 cc of
Volvocaceae wide-mouthed bottles of 250 cc capacity are used.
Each bottle is provided with a rubber stopper with two holes.
In one hole is placed a bent glass exit tube which does not
extend below the stopper. In the other hole is placed a glass
tube of which the lower end is drawn to capillary fineness. It is
broken off until, by trial, a suitable nozzle is obtained. It
does not extend below the bottom of the stopper. The upper
end is filled with a plug of cotton just dense enough to serve
as a dust arrestor. The specimens in dilute glycerin are placed
in the bottle, which is filled with the solution up to the shoulder.
The stopper with its tubes is inserted in the bottle, and the
outlet tube is connected with the vacuum apparatus. In the
system used the pressure varies, but averages about one-fifth
of an atmosphere. When the vacuum cock is open the air jet
from the capillary nozzle should produce a depression in the
246 The Philippine Journal of Science
surface of the liquid without undue stirring or agitation. Sev-
eral days are required for concentration of the glycerin. Too
rapid concentration causes shrinkage of the specimens. Passing
the air admitted to the bottle through calcium chloride tubes
and a sulphuric acid gas drier does not materially accelerate
the evaporation.
When smaller quantities than 2.5 cc of material are to be
treated, the specimens in dilute glycerin are placed in a cylin-
drical vial about 23 mm wide and 80 mm deep, which is filled
to a depth of about 70 mm. This vial is then placed in the larger
bottle so as to stand under the air jet. When used in this way
the larger bottles are provided with a floor of paraffin, which
is melted and then cooled while the bottle stands on a level sup-
port, to give it a flat, level surface.
The use of an aspirator or aspirator pump for providing the
air blast is yet to be tried.
A METHOD FOR MAKING SEALED GLYCERIN MOUNTS
Sealing mounts in concentrated or dilute glycerin presents a
difficulty that does not occur in the use of aqueous media, which
on evaporation leave the cover and slide surfaces dry; namely,
the impossibility of securing contact of the cementing medium
with glass surfaces which have become coated with a film of
the nonvolatile glycerin. And, further, owing to its hygroscopic
property, the glycerin takes up atmospheric moisture through
the least crevice, expanding, and exuding in damp weather, and
evaporates, contracting, and drawing air under the cover, until,
after the seasonal changes of several years, slides defectively
sealed are likely to become completely dry. This difficulty can be
obviated by using a cement which is readily freed from a glycerin
coat and providing contact of the cement with the glass surfaces
before the glycerin is applied.
I have made mounts of the larger Volvocaceae, which require
considerable space between slide and cover, and these are in
good condition after three years. The cement used is an alco-
holic solution of shellac. It is applied with a brush. The
method will now be described in detail.
Orange flake shellac is prepared by covering it with 95 per
cent alcohol and allowing it to stand for several days. If the
resulting solution be too thin it is allowed to evaporate partially ;
if too thick more alcohol is added. A camel’s hair brush for
applying the shellac is inserted in a perforated rubber stopper
of a bottle of 95 per cent alcohol, in which it is kept when not
in use.
xiii, c, 4 Shaw: Microtechnical Methods 247
A clean slide is placed on a self-centering turntable, with care
that if it be slightly curved it shall rest on its ends and not on
its middle. With the table rotating slowly a ring of shellac
is applied to the slide. This ring is made of such width that
there are several millimeters of ring both within and without
the area of the circular cover glass to be used. The slide is
placed in a desiccator for the shellac to harden, after which
additional rings are added in the same manner until the ring
has been built up to the required thickness. Then, the ring
being dried to a suitable consistency, the slide is placed on the
turntable, rotated, preferably by means of a motor, and the
inner edge of the ring is trimmed away with a sharp instrument.
This leaves the inner side of the ring nearly perpendicular,
doing away with the sloping beach on which specimens would
be liable to get stranded and be crushed by the cover glass. It
is preferable that the thickest part of the ring be at or near
its inner edge, and therefore well within the periphery of the
cover. A clean, circular cover glass is then laid on the ring and,
if the consistency of the ring be just right, a slight pressure
on its center with a clean needle will cause it to stick sufficiently
to permit the application of a thin ring of shellac to the cover.
This ring is made with its inner diameter the same as that of
the slide ring and extends just to the outer edge of the cover.
The cover is then removed from the slide and placed in a desic-
cator for the shellac to harden.
The specimens in glycerin are placed on the slide with suffi-
cient liquid to fill the space within the ring. The cover is placed
on the liquid with its ring lowermost and pressed gently upon
the slide ring. For continued pressure cylindrical metal weights,
a little smaller than the cover, are used. Superfluous glycerin
is removed from the upper surface of the slide ring with the
moistened end of a strip of filter paper. Then the slide is placed
on the turntable and shellac is applied so as to occupy all space
between the two shellac rings. Finally the slide is again placed
in a desiccator for hardening the shellac.
Failures will be indicated, after a time, according to the con-
dition of the atmosphere to which the mounts are exposed. In
moist atmosphere there will be exudation of the liquid, and in
dry atmosphere bubbles will appear and grow.
It is not desirable to use glass supports for regulating the
thickness of the chamber of these mounts unless such supports
are sealed in place, for they are very liable to get loose and
damage delicate specimens if the slides are not kept constantly
in a horizontal position.
248 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
The advantage of the foregoing procedure is that it provides
ample contact of the cementing medium with both cover and
slide and affords ample support for the cover against such pres-
sure as it may be necessary to employ for occasional cleaning
of the upper surface of the cover. Further, it provides for the
exclusion of specimens from beneath that part of the cover glass
which may be overlapped by the sealing ring. And the sealing
ring may be kept entirely below the level of the upper side of
the cover in case it is desired to employ close- working objectives
for the marginal regions of the mount.
THE OSTERHOUT MOUNTING METHOD ADAPTED TO VOLVOCACEAE
A rapid method of mounting in aqueous media which was
devised by Osterhout 3 is rendered more suitable for the larger
Volvocaceae by the use of glass rodlets for cover-glass supports.
It has been employed successfully for mounting stained speci-
mens in nearly concentrated glycerin. I will describe the method
as modified for my special purpose.
For each mount a larger cover glass, 18 mm square, and a
smaller one, 11 mm square, are used. A pair of covers 22 and 15
mm square would give the same margin. It is advantageous to
provide a special slide for the preliminary manipulations. This
Fig. 1. Special slide with preparation ready for transfer to permanent slide. Glass or
paper guides cemented in place, a; larger cover, b; balsam droplets, c; glass rodlets, d;
smaller cover placed over the ruled square on the slide, e; depression in slide for forceps, f ;
material, the nine round bodies. Somewhat enlarged.
may consist of a slide with a small hollow-ground depression,
to which are affixed glass or paper guides for holding the larger
cover glass in position concentrically over a ruled square of the
size of the smaller cover, the guides and ruled square being so
placed that the hollow in the slide admits the tip of a forceps
point under the margin of the larger cover glass. This ar-
3 Osterhout, W. J. V., Contributions to cytological technique, Univ.
California Publ. Bot. 2 (1904) 73-90.
xiii, c, 4 Shaw: Microtechnical Methods 249
rangement is shown in fig. 1. The larger cover is placed on this
holder slide and a small drop of Canada balsam is placed on it
near each corner. A glass rodlet of the required size is placed
on each droplet so as to project into the area of the smaller
cover, and pressed into contact with the cover. The balsam is
allowed to thicken or harden. Specimens in approximately the
proper quantity of glycerin are placed on the center of the larger
cover glass and covered with the smaller cover. Excess of
glycerin is removed by use of a capillary pipette or a piece of
slightly moistened filter paper, with care not to moisten the
margin of the larger cover or the upper surface of the smaller
cover. A deficiency of glycerin is supplied from a capillary
pipette. The smaller cover should rest firmly on the glass rod-
lets. The covers are then picked up with a pair of forceps,
inverted, and placed, smaller cover lowermost, on a plain slide
I
Fig. 2. Sectional view of permanent mount. Slide, s; larger cover, b; smaller cover, k;
glass rodlets, d; balsam, c; material, to. About 2£ times natural size.
on which there has been placed, just previously, a drop of very
thin balsam dissolved in xylene. As much balsam is added and
allowed to run under the larger cover as is necessary to fill the
marginal space. The arrangement is then as shown in fig. 2.
Osterhout cautions that —
The balsam should be quite fluid so that the weight of the preparation
will force it out from beneath the lower cover glass, since it will not do to
press down on it for this purpose on account of the danger of forcing the
water out from between the covers. Neither will it do to heat to any
great extent, since this may cause bubbles. The preparation is now set
aside to dry and treated like any balsam preparation.
A PLANKTON NET FOR LARGER ORGANISMS
After using several unsatisfactory means of collecting Volvo-
caceae I devised a plankton net which combines a number of
advantages. The receptacle of this net is a sedimentation tube
of 15 ec capacity with the bottom cut off and stopped with a
cork. The bottom of the tube is removed by filing a nick near
the closed end of the tube and pressing the tube firmly down
on the end of a stick which fits inside the bottom. The cut
end of the tube is then softened by heating in a flame and
flared, by rotation on the conical tip of an arc lamp carbon,
for the reception of the cork.
156153-
-4
250 The Philippine Journal of Science i9is
The net itself, of batiste or pearline lawn of suitable fineness,
is conical in form, with the lower end open and just large enough
to hold the upper end of the glass receptacle in the last centi-
meter of its length. The upper circumference of the net is
sewed to a muslin band about 8 cm wide. The ends of this
band overlap, but are united only by the lower and upper edges,
leaving a placket gap for changing the glass receptacle when
breakage occurs after the net is completed. The upper edge
of the muslin band is hemmed to a metal ring, either plain or
mounted with solder on the smaller end of a tapering ferrule.
The plain rings are provided with strings for attachment to a
pole. The mouth of the net is closed with a piece of bobbinet
sewed to the muslin band near the ring for the purpose of ex-
cluding large objects. With this net it is easy to strain the
organisms of certain dimensions from large volumes of water
and wash them down into the receptacle where they may be
inspected with a pocket lens.
In place of specially prepared sedimentation tubes, homeo-
pathic vials have been used by cutting off the bottoms and
smoothing and flaring the cut ends to fit the net. Nets with
small rings or rectangular frames have been made to fit in
metal pocket boxes such as those in which some brands of
candy and tobacco are sold. The nets require to be dried before
being stowed in these boxes.
Experience has shown that, in the tropics at least, the delicate
fabrics, such as batiste, are liable to injury by gnawing insects
unless well protected. One new net stood for several weeks
against a wall and when used for the first time was found to
have been eaten in several places. After repair with patches
fixed in place with a mixture of beeswax and resin, the net was
used, dried, and placed in a desk drawer. When required for
use again it was found to have a fresh lot of insect holes. The
nets in metal boxes are constantly ready for use.
WASHING DEVICES FOR SMALL OBJECTS
For washing chrom-acetic fixing solutions from quantities of
Volvocaceae, amounting to several cubic centimeters in some
cases, by a flow of distilled water, which neither compacts the
mass of organisms nor washes any of them away, I have used
several devices. The more satisfactory of these will now be
described.
A simpler form consists of a calcium chloride U tube with
two side tubes, fitted with a cork or rubber diaphragm holding
a filter-paper floor, and a bent glass tube connected by a short
XIII, C, 4
Shaw: Microtechnical Methods
251
rubber tube with one of the side tubes, as shown in fig. 3. A
perforated cork fitted over the same side tube serves as means
of hanging the apparatus on a rack. Water is supplied
from an aspirator bottle on a shelf and controlled by a screw
compressor clamp on a rubber supply tube having a glass nozzle.
The U tube has an inside diameter of about 18 mm and a cap-
acity below the side tubes of about 58 cc, and in one arm be-
tween the side tube and the filter floor holds about 15 cc. The
diaphragm is a piece of cork or rubber stopper about 7 to 10
mm high with the smaller end slightly smaller and the larger
end slightly larger than the bore of the U tube, perforated with
Fig. 3. Smaller washing apparatus made from a calcium chlorid tube. Diaphragm of
cork or rubber, d; filter paper, /; material, m; filter paper wicks, w, and w' ; glass tube, t;
rubber connection, r; cork hanger, c; supply of water, s; base of stand, b. X &.
a hole about one-third the diameter of the stopper. A piece
of dry filter paper is placed over one mouth of the U tube and
pressed into the tube with the larger side of the diaphragm,
the margin of the paper being crimped and bunched. The
diaphragm and paper are then withdrawn and the paper trim-
med to leave a suitable margin, after which the diaphragm with
its paper cover is inserted into the mouth of the tube, smaller
side first, and pressed down almost to the bend of the U tube
with the blunt end of a cork borer of larger diameter than
the perforation of the diaphragm. The bent tube has its longer
arm about equal in length to the distance from the mouth of
the U tube to the side tube, is connected with the side tube of
the open arm of the U tube, the inlet arm, and serves as a
252 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
means of regulating the maximum pressure of the water under
the filter floor. The assembled apparatus in use is represented
by fig. 3.
In use the bend of the U tube is first filled with distilled water
to a level somewhat above the filter floor. Then, with the inlet
mouth and side tube closed, the tube is inverted with the filter
side lowermost, and shaken if necessary, to release all air bub-
bles from below the filter. It is returned to the upright posi-
tion and hung on a suitable sup-
port. Next, the open side is
filled with water up to the level
of the outlet, and the liquid con-
taining the specimens is quickly
poured into the other side, the
object being to prevent any fix-
ing fluid from passing through
the filter. In practice it is pref-
erable to decant superfluous fix-
ing fluid and dilute before pour-
ing into the washing apparatus.
After the specimens have been
allowed to settle, a narrow wick
of several layers of filter paper,
pointed at the outer end, is in-
serted in the outlet tube to in-
sure a steady outflow. The bent
tube on the side tube of the inlet
arm is provided v/ith a similar
wick and adjusted to provide
for the maximum limit of pres-
sure. Washing water is allowed
to drop into the inlet mouth of
the U tube.
A form of this apparatus having a larger capacity is made
by using an Erlenmeyer flask from which the bottom has been
cut with a diamond, the edges smoothed by heating over a flame,
and a spout, like that of a beaker, shaped in the larger end
as shown in fig. 4. The flasks used have a nearly cylindrical
neck about 4 cm long and 33 mm inside diameter, and it is
preferable that this inside diameter be smallest near the union
of the neck with the conical body of the flask. A ring dia-
phragm to fit tightly in the neck is cut from a cork or rubber
stopper. The aperture in the diaphragm should be large enough
to permit the exit of bubbles which may form between the dia-
Fig. 4. Larger washing apparatus made
from a flask. Diaphragm of cork or rubber,
d; filter paper, f; material, to; plug, p;
supporting rod, n; rubber stopper with two
holes, s; glass tubes, t and t' ; rubber con-
nection, c; base, b; filter paper wicks, w
and w' ; supply of water, x; wick in front
view of lip, w." X J.
XIII, C, 4
Shaw: Microtechnical Methods
253
phragm and the filter floor. The rubber diaphragms are about
10 mm thick and those of cork about 9. The mouth of the
flask is provided with a two-hole rubber stopper, which fits
tightly when about half of the stopper is within the neck. A
channel is cut on the larger end from one hole to the margin.
A glass tube of a size to fit snugly in the stopper hole is bent
at right angles in two places so that one arm shall reach through
the stopper from the channel to the smaller end of the stopper,
and the other end shall extend upward in a vertical direction
beyond the margin of the flask and a little higher than the
filter floor. A straight piece of glass tubing, large enough to
slip over the bent tube and long enough to reach from the bend
of the small tube to the level of the flask spout, is provided on
one end with a short piece of soft rubber tubing. If necessary,
about 7 mm of this rubber tubing is turned back over itself
to make it fit snugly over the bent tube. The inner end of
the other hole in the stopper is plugged with a piece of tightly
fitting glass rod or with beeswax-resin cement. A piece of
wood to serve as a base for the apparatus is fitted with an
upward projecting metal rod of a size to fit snugly in the
stopper perforation and to reach almost up to the plug. The
arrangement and use of this apparatus are shown in fig. 4.
To prepare the apparatus for use a piece of filter paper is
placed over the mouth of the flask and pressed into the neck
with the diaphragm, which is introduced larger side first.
When the smaller side is flush with the mouth the paper is
trimmed, and then the diaphragm is pressed, with a loosely fit-
ting cork, so far into the neck as to be well beyond the reach
of the stopper. Holding the flask mouth upward under a flow-
ing stream of water, the neck is filled from filter floor to brim
with care to exclude bubbles, the stopper is inserted with
its bent tube in place, and the apparatus immediately inverted
and placed in position on its base. Water is added to the level
of the free arm of the bent tube. The larger tube with its
rubber connection is slipped over the bent tube and filled with
water, and immediately the specimens in fixing fluid, preferably
previously diluted, are poured into the space above the filter
floor. The specimens are allowed to settle, a filter paper wick
is placed in the spout to insure steady outflow, and inflow of
water into the tube is provided. The height of the inflow tube
is adjusted to fix the maximum limit of pressure and rate of
flow. Washing can be hastened by occasionally siphoning off
the liquid from above the specimens, provided the filter paper
will withstand the increased pressure.
254 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
Obviously these devices can be adjusted and used for washing
with a flow of water in the opposite direction. For some
classes of objects a large cylindrical vessel would serve the
purpose as well as a conical one. The special advantage of the
conical form is that it provides for the smaller, more slowly set-
tling individuals among the specimens. Though prepared espe-
cially for washing Volvox, the larger, conical, washing apparatus
was successfully used for washing 4 cc of pollen of Cycas
circinalis.
METHODS OF ESTIMATING THE NUMBER OF CELLS IN
SPHERICAL SURFACES
For estimating the number of cells present in Volvox coenobia
various methods have been employed. Those used by the earlier
workers have been critically discussed by Klein.4
Leeuwenhoek counted the cells around the periphery of the
spheroid and calculated the total number present from the count.
Ehrenberg based his calculations on the same count, but, as
Klein points out, his formula for the calculation was erroneous
and gave numbers too large by more than half. Furthermore,
his peripheral counts were, naturally enough, too large because
of failure to limit the count to cells lying within an optical section
no thicker than the average intercellular distance. The proper
formula and coefficient for this method have been recently stated
by Janet and are given below.
Cohn 5 counted the number of cells present in a measured area
of the spheroidal surface (100 microns square) and calculated
therefrom the total number, deriving the area of the spheroid
from the radius. A special variety of this method was used by
the present writer, and is stated in detail below.
Drude counted the cells in one-eighth of the spheroidal surface
by means of a cross-hair ocular.
Klein described the method which he found expeditious for
making numerous estimates. Using a camera lucida, he drew
the periphery of the coenobium and within it a group of cells not
extending so far from the center as to give any considerable error
due to foreshortening of the intercellular distances by projection.
In this group of cells, drawn as points, he selected 4 to 6 as nearly
as possible in a straight line. He then determined how many
times the length of this line was contained in the periphery.
4 Klein, L., Morphologische und biologische Studien ueber die Gattung
Volvox. Pringsheim’s Jahrb. fiir wiss. Bot. 20 (1889) 145—146.
5 Cohn, F., Die Entwickelungsgeschichte der Gattung Volvox, Festschrift
(1875) 15.
XIII, C, 4
Shaw: Microtechnical Methods
255
This measurement of the periphery was reduced to terms of
average intercellular distance by multiplying it by the number of
intercellular distances in the selected row. From this measure-
ment of the periphery=:27rr he calculated r and then 4t rr2. He
thus obtained the area of the spheroidal surface in terms of the
average area occupied by a single cell assuming the latter area
to be equal to the square of the intercellular distance.
Janet 6 has recently applied to the above method the assump-
tion, more in accord with fact, that each cell occupies a hexagonal
area. Taking e the average intercellular distance, and d the
mean diameter of the sphere, he gives the formula 7 for the
total number, N, of cells as :
3.627 O
He also gives the formula for the calculation of the number of
cells, N, from the number, n, of cells counted in the great circle
which forms the visible contour of the median optica] section.
Based on the assumption that each cell occupies a hexagonal area
of the spherical surface, the formula 8 is :
N = 0.367 n\
“Janet, C., Le Volvox. Ducourtieux et Gout, Limoges (1912), 28.
1 This formula may be derived from those for the area of the surface
of a sphere in which A is the area, r the radius, and d the diameter:
A — 4vr2 — itd*.
Since the area of a hexagon having a diameter of unity is equal to
the sine of 60°, which is 0.86603, the number, N, of hexagons of unity
diameter in the spherical surface is:
N--
A
0.86603
wd2
0.86603
0.86603
d 2 = 3.627 d 2.
The coefficient in this formula is, then, v divided by the sine of 60°; and
d over e is the diameter of the sphere in terms of the average diameter of
the area occupied by a single cell.
s This formula may be derived from that for obtaining the area of the
surface of a sphere from the circumference of a great circle. A being that
area, and c the circumference:
A = TT
IT2 W TT
Taking account of the fact that the area of a hexagon having a diameter
of unity is 0.86603, the formula for the number, N, is:
I c2
N =
0.86603 0.86603 0.86603
C2 = 0.367 c2.
The coefficient in this formula is, then, the reciprocal of ir divided by
the sine of 60°; and n is the circumference of a great circle in terms of
the average diameter of the area occupied by a single cell.
256 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
I have used a procedure which is an adaptation of that used
by Cohn for estimating the number of cells in the coenobia.
With a Zeiss acromatic objective D and a net-ruled ocular-mi-
crometer adjusted so that each small square measured 18 microns
on a side, an area of the object was selected which occupied 25
of the small squares, preferably 5 by 5. When shadows of
daughter coenobia or other objects interfered with the use of a
square area, groups of small squares in various arrangements
were taken. When a good view of so large an area could not be
obtained, a smaller area was used and the number counted mul-
tiplied by the factor required to give the number of cells in 25
small squares. Areas were taken as nearly central as possible,
to keep down the error arising from projection of the spherical
surface into the image plane. In cases where the intercellular
distance decreased from anterior to posterior pole, either an
equatorial, area was used, or, in cases of polar presentations, a
count was made around each pole and the average of the two
counts taken. The count represented, then, the average number
of cells in an area 90 by 90 microns square, equal to 8,100 square
microns. The counts were made by inspection when convenient,
otherwise by making a camera drawing of the boundaries of the
area and the outlines of the included cells. Cells on the boundary
were included when their larger parts lay within the boundary.
The diameter of the coenobium was measured with an eyepiece
micrometer, or with a camera lucida measuring scale prepared
by making a camera lucida drawing of a stage micrometer. The
latter is usually the more convenient way.
To use these data let d be the mean diameter of the coenobium
in microns, a the area of the count in square microns, and n the
number of cells counted. Then the formula for the number of
cells, N, will be ;
d2 n
N = .
a
TT
Using the same area for all counts, or reducing all counts to
correspond to that area, the formula put in the form :
N =
n
a
d\
TT
may be reduced, for the area 8,100 square microns, to:
XIII, C, 4
Shaw: Microtechnical Methods
257
The slide rule was found most satisfactory for making the
calculations. It is operated as follows : find n on scale A ; bring
c, the constant 9 2578, on scale B opposite n; set the hair line
of the runner at d on scale C; the number, N, is thereby
marked by the hair line on scale A. The position of the decimal
<ev —
7
* ,
<
kTq
} '
0 0
^ 0
°°o'f
3~o
0°
r%
r
0 q:
0 0
V/
O O
■O ^
0 v
0
—
.0 c
'#0
“57
b O
>
to
5 <
U~Ol
>°'a
o3
io O
Q,
jo"®*
;:p*9
-O P i
' 0.-
' OV P
TXT-
0 6
■> r\ :
> *•'»
Op**.
4
-AJ A
O'o
,Oc
pro
■O 0
o '
:0 1
O 0)1
• 0 4
0-0 (
•O o'
) O c> H
oo'-
<
3 0
0 c
>: 0 Z
ClQ.
\J* W
>/ ° <
.0 0
;oc
► :° O
:n
+? = ui
7
■ 3
; z
’ /
•
Fig. 5. A sketch of cells of a coenobium included within an area of 8,100 sq. p indicated
by the portion of the square-ruled ocular micrometer sketched at the same time. In practice
the grouping lines, here drawn dotted, are drawn in red ink. The upper right square was
not used because of some interfexing object, the appended square at the right being subs-
tituted for it.
point in the number may be quickly found by reference to a
previously prepared table of counts and diameters corresponding
to cell numbers 1,000 and 10,000. Such a table may be easily
made from slide rule readings.
The foregoing may be illustrated by the following example : A
spheroidal coenobium is found to have transverse and polar dia-
meters of 610 and 635 p. respectively measured from center to
9 For convenience in operating the slide rule I have marked this constant
in two places on the slide rule which I use. To accomplish this in the
best way, set the 8.1 mark on scale B under the ^ mark on scale A. Then
make a mark on the B scale under the 1 mark of scale A. Then set the 81
mark on scale B under the it mark on scale A, and make another mark
on scale B under the 1 mark on scale A. I cut these marks in the celluloid
with a suitable sharp knife and fill them with red paint. This instrumental
constant, dependent on the area selected for the counting of cells, is not
to be confused with the constants c and c 1 which are marked on the C
scale of some slide rules to indicate the square roots respectively, of four
and forty times the reciprocal of v.
258 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
center of cells at the ends of the diameters. We take 618 as an
approximate mean diameter. Then we sketch, as in fig. 5, the
selected area of the surface of the coenobium showing the cells
and the micrometer lines. The cells counted are 119. We now
place our constant mark on the slide rule under the 1.19 place on
the scale A, bring the hair line of the runner over the 6.18 place
on the scale C, and read under the hair line on scale A the number
sought, which is about 17.7. A glance at our prepared table
shows that for a count of 120 cells and diameters between 463
and 1,035 p, the range of cell numbers is from 10,000 to 50,000.
Consequently our number must be 17,700.
A modification of the above procedure was devised for the
purpose of more closely approximating the number sought, and
for simplifying the operation of the slide rule. The former
purpose was attained by using a circular area instead of a square
for the count, thereby eliminating the cells at the corners, these
being more crowded in the microscope field because projected
into the image plane from more sloping parts of the spherical
surface. The area selected was, necessarily, smaller than the
square, and for simplification of the slide-rule operation the
area taken was 3141 square microns, for which area the constant,
c,= a divided by tt = 1,000. The circle was drawn by taking the
radius 31.6 microns as measured on the drawing paper under the
camera lucida from the image of a stage micrometer. For use
with semitransparent drawing paper the circle was drawn with
India ink on a white card, and for use with opaque paper the
circle was carefuly cut out of a card. This was done to avoid
errors which might arise from disadjustment of a pair of com-
passes. The circles were drawn on paper and within them the
cells were sketched for counting. The counting was made easier
in all cases by subdividing the area sketched, with red ink, into
areolae containing ten cells each.
This method was first applied to checking over sketches and
notes previously made by use of the square areas, and it served
to disclose several clerical errors as well as errors which arose
from projection.
An error which increases with decrease in the diameter of
the coenobia is that which occurs if the diameter of the coenobia
be measured from surface to surface of the spheroids. On this
account, especially when working with small coenobia, the diam-
eters were measured from center to center of cells on opposite
sides of the coenobium, thus basing the reckoning on the
spheroid in which the centers of the cells lie.
XIII, C. 4
Shaw: Microtechnical Methods
259
For cases in which very small areas suffice for the count
a circle of 314 square microns was used, the radius being 10
microns, and the corresponding constant, k, is 100. This served
for counts of cells of daughter coenobia within the parents.
For very large coenobia with widely separated cells the area
taken for count was 31,416 square microns, the radius being
100 microns, and the constant, K, 10,000.
ILLUSTRATIONS
TEXT FIGURES
Fig. 1. Special slide with preparation ready to transfer to permanent slide.
Glass or paper guides cemented in place, a; larger cover, b;
balsam droplets, c; glass rodlets, d; smaller cover placed over
the ruled square on the slide, e; depression in slide for forceps,
f ; material, the nine round bodies. Somewhat enlarged.
2. Sectional view of permanent mount. Slide, s; larger cover, b;
smaller cover, k; glass rodlets, d; balsam, c; material, m. About
2 1 times natural size.
3. Smaller washing apparatus made from a calcium chloride tube.
Diaphragm of cork or rubber, d; filter paper, /,■ material, m;
filter paper wicks, w and w' ; glass tube, t; rubber connection,
r; cork hanger, c; supply of water, s; base of stand, b. X i-
4. Larger washing apparatus made from a flask. Diaphragm of
cork or rubber, d; filter paper, f; material, m; plug, p; support-
ing rod, n; rubber stopper with two holes, s; glass tubes, t and t' ;
rubber connection, c; base, b; filter paper wicks, w and w’ ; supply
of water, x; wick in front view of lip, w". X J.
5. A sketch of cells of a coenobium included within an area of 8,100 sq.
^ indicated by the portion of the square-ruled ocular micrometer
sketched at the same time. In practice the grouping lines, here
drawn dotted, are drawn in red ink. The upper right square was
not used because of some interfering object, the appended square
at the right being substituted for it.
261
THE PHILIPPINE BUREAU OF SCIENCE
RECENT PUBLICATIONS
AN INTERPRETATION OE RUMPHIUS’S HERBARIUM AMBOINENSE
By E. D. Merrill
Based on the collections made in Amboina by the late Charles Budd
Robinson
Order No. 450. Bureau of Science Publication No. 9. Paper, 595 pages and 2 maps.
Price $3, United States currency, postpaid.
The Herbarium Amboinense is a classical work on the Malayan
flora and one that is absolutely essential to the systematist to-day.
The great importance of the work is due to the fact that later
authors have made the Rumphian descriptions and figures the
actual “types” of many binomials. As an original source the
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Professor Merrill’s interpretation of the Herbarium Ambo-
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ing on Indo-Malayan systematic botany.
A GRAMMAR OF LEPANTO IGOROT AS IT IS SPOKEN AT BAUCO
By Morice Vanoverberg
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CONTENTS
Page.
BROTHERUS, V. F. Contributions to the bryological flora of the
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VOL. XIII, Sec. C, No. 5
September, 1918
THE PHILIPPINE
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
ALVIN J. COX, M. A., Ph. D.
GENERAL EDITOR
Section C. botany
E. D. MERRILL, M. S.
EDITOR
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PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
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THE PHILIPPINE
Journal of Science
C. Botany
Vol. XIII SEPTEMBER, 1918 No. 5
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, XIV
By E. D. Merrill1
{From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of
Science, Manila, P. I.)
The last number of this series was published early in the pre-
sent year.2 The present paper contains the descriptions of
one new genus of the Araliaceae and of eighty-four new species
distributed in twenty-six families. In addition to these pro-
posed new species a few forms previously described from extra-
Philippine material are for the first time credited to the Archi-
pelago, and a few changes in nomenclature are proposed. The
present paper is, therefore, essentially similar to the preceding
ones of the series.
PANDANACEAE
PAN DAN US Linnaeus
PANDANUS SUBACAULIS sp. nov. § Keura.
Frutex humile, subacaule; foliis circiter 70 cm longis et 5 cm
latis, acutis vel breviter lobatis, lobis usque ad 1.5 cm longis;
pedunculis terminalibus ; syncarpiis solitariis, globosis, circiter
8 cm diametro; drupis numerosis, circiter 3 cm longis, 5- vel
6-locellatis, apice sulcatis; stigmatibus 2 ad 3 mm diametro,
leviter obliquis in centro valde depresso.
A low shrub, practically acaulescent, the trunk, entirely cov-
ered by the imbricate leaf-bases, 20 cm in length or less. Leaves
numerous, about 70 cm long and 5 cm wide, the margins armed
with numerous, antrorse, conspicuous teeth about 2 mm in length,
with similar ones on the midrib beneath and along the two
1 Professor of botany, University of the Philippines.
2 Philip. Journ. Sci. 13 (1918) Bot. 1-66. t
157684
263
264 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918
lateral nerves on the upper surface toward the apex, the apex
acute in very young leaves, in mature ones cleft into two short
lobes, the lobes oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, up to 1.5 cm
long, their margins toothed. Syncarps solitary, terminal, glo-
bose, about 8 cm in diameter, the peduncles about 10,0X1 long,
apparently pendulous. Drupes numerous, crowded, about 3 cm
long, 1 to 2 cm wide, narrowed below, 5- or 6-celled, angular,
the apical part cleft between the loculi, the individual terminal
parts of the loculi 5 to 10 mm long, angular, narrowed upward;
stigmas somewhat oblique, 2 to 3 mm in diameter, prominently
depressed in the center.
Catanduanes, on forested slopes along the Santo Domingo River, Bur.
Sci. 30^89 Ramos, December 5, 1917.
A species well characterized by being nearly acaulescent, in habit closely
approximating Pandanus brachypodws Martelli, but with solitary syncarps
and entirely different drupes.
PANDANUS PHILIPPINENSIS sp. nov. § Keura.
Arbor circiter 10 m alta ; foliis usque ad 2.2 m longis, circiter
9 cm latis, sursum angustatis, acuminatis; syncarpiis circiter 6,
spicatim dispositis, confertis, subglobosis ad subellipsoideis,
circiter 11 cm longis; drupis numerosis, confertis, circiter 3.5 cm
longis, plerumque circiter 1.5 cm diametro, angulatis, 5- ad 8-
locellatis, partibus £ superioribus liberis, subpyramidatis, ex-
tremitate truncatis, circiter 1 cm diametro, loculorum apices
pyramidales, 5 ad 7 mm longis, sulcis distinctis separati ; stigma-
tibus obliquis.
A tree about 10 m high. Leaves coriaceous, about 2.2 m
long and 9 cm wide, the margins toothed throughout, the midrib
on the lower surface with scattered teeth in the upper part of
the leaf, the lateral veins here distinct, one on each side of the
midrib, unarmed. Syncarps usually 6, arranged in a dense
spike, subglobose to subellipsoid. Drupes numerous, crowded,
about 3.5 cm long, mostly about 1.5 cm in diameter, 5- to 8-celled,
angular, narrowed below, the upper one-fourth free, narrowed
upward, the apex truncate and about 1 cm in diameter, the apices
of the loculi pyramidal, 5 to 7 mm long, the sulci between them
distinct, narrow; stigmas oblique, about 1.5 mm in diameter.
Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, Campote, Bur. Sci. 11289 McGregor,
March, 1912, on forested hillsides.
This species is well characterized by its crowded, spicately arranged
syncarps, and the narrowly pyramidal free apices of the loculi of the
drupes. In vegetative characters it is suggestive of Pandanus exaltatus
Blanco, but is totally different from that species in its numerous syncarps,
and in the details of the individual drupes.
xiii, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 265
PAN DAN US OCCULTUS sp. nov. § Keura.
Caulis prostratis, parce ramosis, usque ad 3 m longis; foliis
usque ad 2.2 m longis, circiter 4 cm latis, superne leviter angus-
tatis, acuminatis ; syncarpiis solitariis, erectis, breviter peduncu-
latis, ellipsoideis, circiter 20 cm longis; drupis numerosis, 4 ad
4.5 cm longis, deorsum gradatim angustatis, 1.5 ad 2.5 cm latis,
superne haud angustatis, apice truncatis ; loculis circiter 5, apices
pentagonis, 5 ad 8 mm diametro, angulatis, leviter pyramidatis,
sulcis distinctis separatis; stigmatibus obliquis.
Trunk prostrate, sparingly branched, 3 to 4 cm in diameter,
up to 3 m in length, the tips ascending about 0.5 m. Leaves
very numerous, greatly elongated, coriaceous, about 2.2 m long
and 4 cm wide, gradually narrowed upward, acuminate, the
margins rather coarsely toothed especially in the lower part,
the teeth less conspicuous and usually appressed above the mid-
dle, the midrib beneath with few, small, scattered teeth in the
upper part of the leaf, and the two lateral nerves on the upper
surface with corresponding teeth. Syncarps solitary, erect,
short-peduncled, very dark-green when fresh, ellipsoid, hidden
in the terminal crown of leaves and nearly covered with the
numerous, imbricate, dead bracts, its length about 20 cm, its
diameter about 11 cm. Drupes numerous, densely crowded, 4
to 4.5 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, the apex broad, truncate,
gradually narrowed below, compressed or angular, usually 5-
celled, the tips of the loculi 5-angled, 5 to 8 mm in diameter,
somewhat pyramidal, distinctly separated by narrow and not
very deep sulci, the stigmas solitary, oblique, pointed.
Palawan, Taytay, Merrill 9361, May 7, 1913, in level forests, dry at
this season but swampy in the rainy season, slightly above sea level.
This species is prominently characterized by its habit, being prostrate
with ascending branches; its greatly elongated leaves; and its solitary,
erect, ellipsoid syncarps, which are hidden in the terminal crown of leaves
and nearly covered with the dead bracts. The plants were common in one
restricted area, and were very familiar to me for several weeks before I
discovered that a few of them were fruiting.
PANDANUS ACLADUS sp. nov. § Vinsonia.
Arbor 5 ad 6 m alta, simplex; foliis usque ad 2 m longis et
10 cm latis, crasse coriaceis, supra gradatim angustatis; infruc-
tescentiis pendulis, syncarpiis circiter 9, oblongo-ellipsoideis vel
oblongo-ovoideis, circiter 18 cm longis et 10 cm latis; drupis
numerosis, obovoideis, angulatis, 3.5 ad 5 cm longis, 2 ad 2.5
cm diametro, 9- ad 15-locellatis, apice truncatis et leviter sulcatis,
stigmatibus vix obliquis, 1 ad 1.5 mm diametro.
A tree 5 to 6 m high, unbranched. Leaves up to 2 m in
266 The Philippine Journal of Science 1913
length, about 10 cm wide, thickly coriaceous, the marginal teeth
below coarse, spreading, above finer and ascending, the midrib
on the lower surface in the upper part with small antrorse teeth.
Infructescences terminal, pendulous, the rachis 2 to 3 cm in dia-
meter, the heads about 9, oblong-ellipsoid or oblong-ovoid, about
18 cm long and 10 cm in diameter. Drupes numerous, obovoid,
angular, 3.5 to 5 cm long, 2 to 2.5 cm wide, 9- to 15-celled, the
apical parts with rounded shoulders, the tip truncate and 1
to 1.5 cm in diameter, shallowly sulcate between the tips of
the loculi, the latter irregularly conical, 2 mm long or less and
at most 4 mm in diameter at their bases. Stigmas scarcely ob-
lique, rounded or reniform, 1 to 1.5 mm in diameter, usually
depressed in the center.
Catanduanes, Bur. Sci. 30462 Ramos, December 10, 1917, in damp
forests.
This species is remarkable for its habit, being tall and unbranched, and
for its pendulous spikelike racemes of numerous syncarps. It belongs in
the same group as Pandanus radicans Blanco and P. botryoides Martelli,
from both of which it is readily distinguished by its more numerous
syncarps, larger drupes, and much more numerous stigmas and loculi.
PANDANUS BILIRANENSIS sp. nov. § Vinsonia.
Arbor circiter 7 m alta; foliis circiter 2.5 m longis et 6 cm
latis, acuminatis; syncarpiis solitariis, globosis, ut videtur circi-
ter 20 cm diametro ; drupis numerosis, circiter 7 cm longis, ple-
rumque circiter 3 cm diametro, 5- vel 6-locellatis, 5- vel 6-
angulatis, in f inferiore parte angustatis, apice subpyramidatis,
late rostratis, extremitate 5 ad 8 mm diametro, planis vel leviter
concavis; stigmatibus 5 vel 6, planis, confluentibus.
A tree about 7 m high. Leaves about 2.5 cm long and 6 cm
wide, coriaceous, narrowed upward to the acuminate apex, the
margins toothed throughout, the teeth much more prominent in
the lower 50 cm than above, the midrib near the tip minutely
toothed on the lower surface. Syncarps solitary, globose, ap-
parently pendulous, and about 20 cm in diameter. Drupes large,
numerous, about 7 cm long, mostly about 3 cm in diameter, 5-
or 6-angled, 5- or 6-celled, narrowed below from the upper three-
fourths, the upper one-fourth subpyramidal, broadly rostrate,
the tip plane or slightly concave, 5 to 8 mm in diameter, the
stigmas 5 or 6, confluent, plane, quite covering the tip of the
syncarp.
Bilikan, Bur. Sci. 18895 McGregor, June 20, 1914, in forests, altitude
about 300 meters.
In the form and aspect of the drupes, except in their broadly rostrate
apices and plane, confluent stigmas covering the truncate tips, this species
is suggestive of Pandanus dubius Spreng., but it does not belong in the
xiii, c, 5 Merrill : Noteworthy Philippine Plants 267
section Hombronia. It does not appear to be closely allied to any previously
described species.
FREYCINETIA Gaudichaud
FREYCINETIA ACUTI FOLIA sp. nov. § Oligostigma.
Foliis subcoriaceis, anguste oblongis, usque ad 35 cm longis
et 6.5 cm latis, apice acutis vel obscure acuminatis, basi plus
minusve angustatis; syncarpiis 6, anguste cylindraceis, 8 ad 11
cm longis, circiter 1.5 cm diametro; fructibus superne angus-
tatis, partibus superioribus perspicue 4- vel 5-angulatis et sul-
catis; stigmatibus 2, rariter 3.
Scandent, the branches about 12 mm in diameter. Leaves
narrowly oblong, 30 to 35 cm long, 4.5 to 6.5 cm wide, above
rather abruptly narrowed to the acute or slightly acuminate tip,
the base narrowed, the clasping part 2 to 2.5 cm wide, margins
below conspicuously toothed, in the median parts smooth or with
scattered small teeth, toward the apex again toothed, the midrib
beneath with small scattered teeth. Syncarps 6, cylindric, 8 to
11 cm long, about 1.5 cm in diameter, the peduncles 5 to 6
cm long, very scabrous above, below nearly smooth except along
the edges. Fruits numerous, the upper one-half or more entirely
free, narrowed upward, conspicuously 4- or 5-angled and sulcate,
the truncate tip about 1 mm in diameter ; stigmas 2, rarely 3.
Catanduanes, back of Calolbong, Bur. Sci. 30319 Ramos, December 10,
1917, in forests along small streams at low altitudes.
This characteristic species is manifestly allied to Freycinetia oblongifolia
Merr., from which it is at once distinguished by its longer leaves, longer
and narrower syncarps, and much narrower fruits.
FREYCINETIA PLATYPHYLLA sp. nov. § Oligostigma.
Foliis chartaceis, oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 20
cm longis et 8 cm latis, perspicue tessellatis, abrupte et brevis-
sime acuminatis, deorsum valde angustatis, margine, basi et
acumine exceptis, laevis; syncarpiis 4, cylindraceis, junioribus
circiter 1.5 cm longis et 6 mm diametro; stigmatibus 2.
Scandent, the branches about 5 mm in diameter. Leaves
thinly chartaceous, oblong to oblong-elliptic, 15 to 20 cm long,
5.5 to 8 cm wide, pale-olivaceous, prominently tessellate, nerves
about 20 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct, the apex
abruptly and shortly acuminate, the acumen 7 mm long or less,
finely toothed, margins otherwise unarmed except at the very
base, the blade conspicuously narrowed below and but about 1
cm wide where it sheathes the stem. Very young syncarps 4,
cylindric, about 1.5 cm long and 6 mm in diameter, their pedicels
densely spinulose; bracts red, membranaceous, oblong, acute or
somewhat acuminate, up to 6 cm in length. Stigmas 2.
268 The Philippine Journal of Science i9is
Samar, Catubig River at Pinpisakan, Bur. Sci. 24349 Ramos, March 21,
1916, in forests near the river.
A species most closely allied to Freycinetia oblongifolia Merr., but
strongly characterized by its unusually broad, thinly chartaceous, pro-
minently tessellate leaves.
FREYCINETIA BOTULI FOR M IS sp. nov. § Pleiostigma.
Foliis circiter 70 cm longis et 3.5 cm latis, sensim angustatis,
tenuiter et longe acuminatis, basi haud angustatis, auriculis 2
ad 3 cm longis, omnino adnatis, laminae marginibus dentibus
brevibus praeditis, in parte media laevibus; syncarpiis 3, ut
videtur carnosis, siccitate cylindraceis, botuliformibus, 17 ad 20
cm longis, 2.5 cm latis ; fructibus confertis, alte connatis, nume-
rosissimis, circiter 3 mm diametro, apice subplanis vel paullo
elevatis, haud angulatis; stigmatibus 7 vel 8.
Scandent, the branches stout, 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter. Leaves
about 70 cm long and 3.5 cm wide, gradually narrowed upward
to the slenderly acuminate apex, the base not narrowed, the
basal auricles adnate throughout, narrow, 2 to 3 cm long, toothed
toward their apices, the margins below membranaceous, decidu-
ous ; leaf margins below toothed, in the median part entire, and
near the tip finely toothed, the midrib beneath with small teeth
in the lower part, glabrous above. Syncarps 3, cylindric, dense,
17 to 20 cm long and 2.5 cm in diameter when dry, their peduncles
smooth, stout, about 3 cm long from a 5 to 6 cm long common
peduncle. Fruits very numerous, connate nearly to their apices,
about 3 mm in diameter, apparently fleshy, the free apices nearly
plane or slightly elevated, not at all angular, the stigmatic por-
tion elliptic, about 2 mm long; stigmas 7 or 8.
Luzon, Sorsogon Province, Mount Lalao, Bur. Sci. 23363 Ramos, Sep-
tember, 1915, in damp forests.
This species is well characterized by its elongated leaves and its sausage-
shaped, elongated syncarps, the individual fruits being united except at
the very tips, the free portion being slightly elevated and not at all
angular. In its elongated syncarps it differs radically from the species to
which it is allied, such as F. scabripes Warb., F. batanensis Martelli, and
F. banahaensis Elm.
FREYCINETIA BULUSANENSIS sp. nov. § Pleiostigma.
Species F. williamsii affinis, differt foliis longioribus et angus-
tioribus, longissime et tenuissime attenuatis, pro ratio subfero-
citer serratis.
Scandent, slender, branched, the branches brownish, about
3 mm in diameter, the internodes 3 to 8 mm long. Leaves rather
stiff, 20 to 29 cm long, 5 mm wide, very gradually narrowed
upward to the long and slender acuminate apex, the margins
and midrib on the lower surface toothed throughout, the teeth
xiii. c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 269
toward the base rather conspicuous. Syncarps 3, globose, 2.5
cm in diameter, their peduncles glabrous, 1.5 cm long. Fruits
numerous, flask-shaped, about 9 mm long, narrowed upward,
the upper part somewhat angular. Stigmas 4 or 5.
Luzon, Sorsogon Province, Mount Bulusan, Bur. Sci. 23686 Ramos,
September, 1915.
A species manifestly allied to Freycinetia williamsii Merr., but distin-
guished by the characters indicated in the diagnosis. In the typical form
of Freycinetia williamsii the leaves are not at all toothed.
FREYCINETIA APAYAOENSIS sp. nov. § Pleio stigma.
Foliis numerosis, anguste ensiformibus, usque ad 70 cm longis
et 1.5 cm latis, superne sensim longe attenuato-acuminatis, vix
tessellatis, coriaceis, auriculis apice liberis; syncarpiis 4, cylin-
draceis, 6 ad 8 cm longis, circiter 2 cm diametro, pedicellis
scabris; fructibus numerosis, liberis, superne subpyramidatis,
4- ad 6-angulatis et sulcatis, sursum angustatis, apice circiter 1
mm diametro; stigmatibus 4 ad 6.
Scandent, attaining a length of 12 m, the stems, when dry,
about 1 cm in diameter. Leaves numerous, narrowly ensiform,
60 to 70 cm long, about 1.5 cm wide, coriaceous, scarcely tessel-
late, gradually narrowed upward to the very slenderly acuminate
apex, somewhat narrowed below, the base above the sheathing
parts about 1 cm wide, margins below sharply toothed, in the
median parts unarmed or sometimes with a few scattered teeth,
the long slender tip finely toothed on the margins and midrib, the
latter usually unarmed in the lower part of the leaf ; auricle
chartaceous, rather brittle, adnate to the leaf-margin except at
the tip, here 3 to 4 mm wide, subtruncate to somewhat ovate
and toothed on the upper side. Syncarps 4, cylindric, 6 to 8
cm long, about 2 cm in diameter, their pedicels scabrous, about
3 cm long. Fruits numerous, free, the upper parts subpyra-
midal, narrowed upward, conspicuously 4- to 6-angled and sili-
cate, the tip about 1 mm in diameter ; stigmas 4 to 6.
Luzon, Apayao Subprovince, Ngagan, Bur. Sci. 2803b Fenix, May 9,
1917, in forests.
This species belongs in the group with Freycinetia scabripes Warb. and
F. atocensis Martelli, but among other characters is readily distinguished
from both by its conspicuously 4- to 6-angled and sulcate fruits which are
narrowly pyramidal above.
MARANTACEAE
PHACELOPHRYNIUM K. Schumann
PHACELOPHRYNIUM CYLINDRICUM sp. nov.
Foliis longe petiolatis, chartaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, acumina-
tis, usque ad 30 cm longis; inflorescentiis pedunculatis, spicis
270 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
3, cylindraceis, sessilibus, 4 ad 6 cm longis, circiter 8 mm dia-
metro ; bracteis numerosis, imbricatis, dense spiraliter dispositis,
circiter 1 cm longis, acutis vel leviter acuminatis, sursum plus
minusve villosis, bracteis florentes bicarinatis, circiter 8 mm
longis; floribus circiter 9 mm longis.
An herb, about 1 m high, tufted, the petioles nearly 1 m long,
the leaves chartaceous, oblong-elliptic, acuminate, 25 to 30 cm
long, 9 to 11 cm wide. Inflorescences from the sheaths 10 to
12 cm below the base of the leaf, each composed of three, dense,
cylindric spikes fascicled at the tip of the common 3 to 4 cm
long peduncle, the individual spikes 4 to 6 cm long, about 8 mm
in diameter, composed of numerous, imbricate, spirally arranged
bracts; bracts about 1 cm long and 5 mm wide, oblong-elliptic,
acute or somewhat acuminate, more or less villous above, green,
each subtending an inner (floral) bract, which in turn encloses
two bracteoles and two flowers, this floral bract about 8 mm
long, flattened on the back, the margins indexed, the keels con-
spicuously 2-keeled or 2-winged ; bracteoles membranaceous,
oblong, 5 mm long. Flowers white, about 9 mm long. Ovary
densely villous. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, about 7
mm long, rather densely 7-nerved, slightly villous toward the tip.
Corolla-tube about 4 mm long, the lobes oblong, obtuse, 5 to 6
mm long, 2 to 2.5 mm wide. Staminode one only, oblong-elliptic,
rounded, 3 mm long. Cucullate stamen obovate, 3 mm long,
callus one 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, plane, somewhat inequilateral,
fertile one narrowly oblong, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide.
Catanduanes, Mount Mariguidon, Bur. Sci. 30503 Ramos, November
23, 1917, in damp forests.
This species is strikingly characterized by its 3-partite, peduncled in-
florescences springing from the sheaths, the individual spikes dense,
cylindric, sessile, composed of numerous, imbricate, spirally arranged
bracts. It is anomalous in Phacelophrynium in its spirally arranged bracts ;
each of which, however, subtends an inner floral bract, which in turn
contains two flowers. In its floral characters it conforms to the genus.
URTICACEAE
LAPORTEA Gaudichaud
LAPORTEA PENDULA sp. nov.
Frutex, inflorescentiis et foliis exceptis glaber; foliis longe
petiolatis, oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 35 cm longis, basi rotundatis,
apice acuminatis, supra glabris, subtus pallidioribus et plus
minusve hirsutis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, perspicuis ; inflores-
centiis laxis, axillaribus, pendulis, longissime pedunculatis, us-
que ad 75 cm longis, partibus junioribus et receptaculis pilis
xni. c. 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 271
numerosis urentibus instructs ; floribus flabellatim dispositis,
receptaculis concavis, accrescentibus, usque ad 9 mm diametro.
A shrub, glabrous except the lower surface of the leaves and
the inflorescences. Branches thickened, rugose, the ultimate
ones about 1 cm thick when dry. Leaves chartaceous, brittle,
oblong-ovate, 30 to 35 cm long, about 13 cm wide, base rounded,
the apex acuminate, the upper surface olivaceous, rather dull,
densely puncticulate, glabrous, the lower surface somewhat paler
than the upper and more or less hirsute with rather numerous,
scattered, short, stinging hairs; lateral nerves about 10 on each
side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, the reticula-
tions lax, prominent; petioles 8 to 10 cm long; stipules oblong-
ovate, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, densely puncticulate, 2.5 to 3
cm long. Inflorescences axillary, lax, pendulous, long-peduncled,
up to 75 cm in length, the younger parts and the receptacles
rather densely covered with short stinging hairs. Receptacles
obovoid to somewhat reniform, blue when fresh, accrescent and
attaining a diameter of 9 mm, concave, the pistillate flowers
borne in a single row along the margin, inflexed, about 10 in
each receptacle. Achenes about 4.5 mm long, tipped with the
reflexed, 2 mm long, lanceolate, acuminate style.
Catanduanes, Mount Mariguidon, Bur. Sci. 30229 Ramos, along small
streams in damp forests, altitude about 200 meters, November 21, 1917.
This striking species is well characterized by its greatly elongated,
pendulous, lax inflorescences which attain a length of 75 cm. In this
character it differs from all other species of the genus known to me.
ELATOSTEMA Forster
ELATOSTEMA CATAN DU AN ENSE sp. nov.
Herba, infra prostrata, ramis paucis, erectis vel adscendenti-
bus, usque ad 20 cm longis, tenuibus, brevissime adpresse hir-
sutis; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis ad oblongo-oblanceolatis, leviter
falcatis, usque ad 2 cm longis, acuminatis, basi valde inaequila-
teralibus, auriculatis, dentibus utrinque 2 vel 3, perspicuis ; recep-
taculis axillaribus, omnibus sessilibus, bracteis exterioribus
chartaceis, latissime obovatis, truncatis vel leviter retusis, circi-
ter 4 mm longis, leviter corniculatis, interioribus obovatis et
valde retusis ad lineari-lanceolatis et ciliatis, perianthii seg-
ments 4.
A sparingly branched, slender herb, prostrate below, the
branches ascending or erect, up to 20 cm in length, appressed-
hirsute with short, appressed hairs. Leaves chartaceous, oliva-
ceous-brown when dry, dull or slightly shining, without cystoliths,
narrowly oblong-lanceolate to narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, 1.5
272 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
to 2 cm long, 3 to 5 mm wide, somewhat falcate, acuminate,
the base very inequilateral, one side with a rounded auricle, the
other acute, the margins with 2 or 3 very conspicuous teeth on
each side in the upper one-half, entire below, both surfaces min-
utely puncticulate, the lower paler than the upper and appressed-
hirsute with short hairs on the midrib beneath; lateral nerves
4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, distinct on the lower surface,
anastomosing, the reticulations rather lax; stipules lanceolate,
falcate, acuminate, often irregularly cleft near the apex, mem-
branaceous, 4 to 8 mm long. Receptacles all axillary, solitary,
sessile, mostly pistillate, occasionally a staminate one on the same
plant with the pistillate ones. Outer bracts very broadly obo-
vate, about 4 mm wide and long, much thicker than the inner
ones, brown, truncate, slightly corniculate, glabrous; the next
inner ones thinner, obovate, prominently retuse; the innermost
ones linear-lanceolate, ciliate. Staminate perianth segments 4,
2 mm long, two slightly corniculate; anthers 4. Pistillate seg-
ments 4, 0.5 mm long, oblong, obtuse. Achene 0.8 mm long.
Catanduanes, Santo Domingo River, on stones along small streams in
forests at low altitudes, Bur. Sci. 30555 Ramos, December 5, 1917.
This is perhaps as near Elatostema gracilifolium Merr. as any other
species, but is radically different from it in habit; its shorter, fewer-
toothed leaves which have no cystoliths ; and in the details of its in-
florescences.
FAGACEAE
QUERCUS Linnaeus
QUERCUS RIZALENSIS sp. nov. § Cyclobalanus.
Arbor parva, cupulis exceptis glabra, ramulis atro-brunneis
vel nigrescentibus ; foliis coriaceis, integris, ellipticis ad elliptico-
ovatis, usque ad 6 cm longis, utrinque acuminatis, subtus pallidis
vel glaucescentibus, nervis utrinque circiter 6, tenuibus, distinc-
tis ; fructibus paucis, in spicis brevibus dispositis ; cupulis
circiter 1.3 cm diametro, cinereo-puberulis, lamellis 5 ad 7, denti-
culatis; glans conico-ovoideis, glabris vel junioribus leviter pubes-
eentibus, circiter 1.4 cm longis et latis.
A small tree, glabrous except the cups (inflorescences not
seen), the branches terete, dark-colored, the branchlets dark
blackish-brown, glabrous. Leaves numerous, elliptic to elliptic-
ovate, coriaceous, 4.5 to 6 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, subequally
narrowed to the acuminate base and to the acuminate apex, the
apical acumen narrow, hardly caudate, and less than 1 cm long,
the upper surface smooth, pale to brownish-olivaceous, the lower
pale or somewhat glaucous; lateral nerves about 6 on each side
of the midrib, slender, distinct, very obscurely anastomosing
xiit, c, 6 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 273
close to the margin, the reticulations slender, obscure; petioles
3 to 5 mm long. Spikes short, mostly less than 2 cm long, glab-
rous, each with few fruits. Cups shallow, cinereous-puberulent,
about 1.3 cm in diameter, the lamellae 5 to 7, the lower ones
distant, the upper close, denticulate. Gians conical-ovoid, brown,
glabrous, shining, apiculate, about 1.4 cm long and wide, the
younger ones more or less pubescent.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Mount Lumutan, Bur. Sci. 29587 Ramos & Edano,
in the summit forests, altitude apparently about 1,000 meters. The
same species is also represented by Bur. Sci. 9UU5 Robinson from a similar
altitude on Mount Binuang, Tayabas Province, Luzon.
The alliance of this species is manifestly with Quercus philippinensis
A. DC., from which it is distinguished by its smaller, not caudate-acuminate
leaves and smaller fruits. Its fruits are much smaller than are those
of Quercus minahassae Koord., another allied species.
LORANTHACEAE
LORANTHUS Linnaeus
LORANTHUS CON FERTI FLOR US sp. nov. § Heteranthus.
Frutex parasiticus inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; ramis 4-
angulatis, ramulis acutissime tetragonis, internodiis elongatis;
foliis oppositis, coriaceis, olivaceis, nitidis, oblongis ad late
oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi rotundatis, usque ad 13 cm
longis, nervis utrinque circiter 9, vix prominentibus ; inflorescen-
tiis axillaribus, solitariis, usque ad 3 cm longis ; floribus 6-meris,
cylindraceis, omnibus sessilibus, in triadibus subsessilibus vel
breviter pedunculatis dispositis, secundis, rhachibus dense
puberulis.
A parasitic shrub, glabrous except the densely puberulent
rachis and bracts of the inflorescences. Branches stout, brown-
ish, distinctly 4-angled, the older ones becoming nearly terete,
the angles represented by raised lines, the younger branchlets
very sharply 4-angled, the internodes 3 to 9 cm long. Leaves
opposite, coriaceous, olivaceous and of the same color on both
surfaces, shining when dry, oblong to broadly oblong-lanceolate,
8 to 13 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, narrowed upward to the rather
prominently acuminate apex, base rounded; lateral nerves not
prominent, distant, irregular, about 9 on each side of the midrib,
the reticulations lax, obscure ; petioles about 1 cm long. Inflores-
cences axillary, solitary, about 3 cm long, the flowers all secund,
very densely arranged along one side of the densely puberulent
rachis, all sessile in triads, the triads racemosely arranged on
very short peduncles. Flowers red, 6-merous, about 23 mm
long, the buds very slightly enlarged at the base and again above
274 The Philippine Journal of Science iois
the very slight constriction, cylindric, the bracts 3, forming a
small involucre at the apex of the short peduncle, one bract sub-
tending each flower, ovate, obtuse to subacute, about 3 mm long,
densely puberulent. Calyx subcylindric, oblong, about 3 mm
long, the limb slightly pubescent, somewhat spreading, irre-
gularly lobed. Petals free to the base, or the basal margins
slightly cohering, the petals linear, about 20 mm long, the re-
flexed part above the insertion of the anthers narrowly oblong,
3 to 3.5 mm long, slightly puberulent on the back. Anthers
linear, continuous, 2 to 2.5 mm long.
Leyte, Tigbao, near Tacloban, Wenzel 1249, May 25, 1915, a parasitic
shrub about 2 m high.
A very characteristic species readily recognized by its elongated inter-
nodes, prominently 4-angled stems and branchlets, and its very dense,
solitary inflorescences, the flowers all secund, all sessile in triads, the triads
with very short peduncles racemosely arranged along the densely puberulent
rachis,
LORANTHUS CRASSI LIMBUS sp. nov. § Heteranthus.
Frutex parasiticus, glaber, ramis ramulisque teretibus, cras-
sis, internodiis brevibus; foliis oppositis, petiolatis, crasse coria-
ceis, oblongis, usque ad 13 cm longis, obtusis, basi acutis, nervis
reticulisque obsoletis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, solitariis, circi-
ter 3 cm longis ; floribus circiter 2.8 mm longis, 6-meris, solitariis
vel in diadibus vel triadibus racemose dispositis; petalis liberis.
A parasitic glabrous shrub, the branches and branchlets terete,
stout, brown when dry, the latter smooth, about 5 mm in dia-
meter, the internodes 1.5 to 3 cm long. Leaves opposite, very
thickly coriaceous, oblong, 12 to 13 cm long, 4.5 to 5 cm wide,
the upper surface greenish-olivaceous when dry, the lower brown,
smooth, slightly shining, apex obtuse, base acute or somewhat
decurrent-acuminate, midrib very prominent, the lateral nerves
and reticulations obsolete, or the former faintly visible on the
upper surface; petioles stout, 1.5 to 2 cm long. Inflorescences
axillary, solitary, the rachis about 3 cm long, the flowers race-
mosely arranged, more or less secund, solitary, in pairs, or in
triads, their peduncles about 4 mm long, the flowers subtended
by a whorl of ovate, acuminate, coriaceous, 4 mm long bracts.
Calyx cylindric, about 4 mm long, slightly contracted below the
thin limb, the limb about 1 mm long, irregularly lacerate-toothed.
Petals 6, linear, free, the unopened flowers somewhat angular, not
inflated, the petals about 24 mm long and 2 mm wide below, nar-
rowed upward, the reflexed part above the insertion of the stamen
narrowly oblong, acqte or somewhat acuminate, 6 mm long.
xiii, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 275
Anthers linear-oblong, 3 mm long, subsessile. Bracteoles sub-
tending the calyces ovate, acuminate, about 2 mm long.
Luzon, Nueva Ecija Province, Mount Umingan, Bur. Sci. 26&09 Ramos
6 Edano, August 15, 1916, on trees in forests, altitude about 300 meters,
the flowers red and yellow.
This very characteristic species is readily distinguishable by its very
thickly coriaceouS"leaves, the veins and reticulations obsolete, or the former
faintly visible on the upper surface. It does not appear to be closely
allied to any previously described Philippine form.
LORANTHUS EDANOII sp. nov. § Heteranthus.
Frutex parasiticus, glaber, ramis ramulisque teretibus, inter-
nodiis elongatis ; foliis oppositis, sessilibus, crasse coriaceis,
oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 16 cm longis, apice obtusis vel obtuse
acuminatis, basi obtusis, in siccitate minute verruculosis, brun-
neo-olivaceis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 5, subobscuris,
curvato-adscendentibus, secondariis obsoletis ; inflorescentiis axil-
laribus et secus internodiis seriatim dispositis, breviter peduncu-
latis, 6-floris; floribus omnibus sessilibus, 5-meris, cylindraceis,
circiter 16 mm longis, petalis liberis.
A parasitic glabrous shrub, or the inflorescences very obscurely
ferruginous-puberulent. Branches and branchlets terete, dark-
brown, smooth, or the older branches lenticellate, the internodes
7 to 11 cm in length. Leaves opposite, sessile, thickly coriaceous,
dull, brownish-olivaceous, of the same color on both surfaces
and minutely verruculose when dry, often slightly inequilateral,
oblong-ovate, 11 to 16 cm long, 5.5 to 6 cm long, apex obtuse
to obscurely blunt-acuminate, base obtuse; lateral nerves about
5 on each side of the midrib, curved-ascending, not prominent,
evanescent or obscurely anastomosing, the secondary nerves and
reticulations obsolete. Inflorescences axillary and seriately ar-
ranged along one side of the internodes, all peduncled and 6-
flowered. Peduncles about 5 mm long. Flowers red, 5-merous,
all sessile, and each subtended by a reniform-ovate, rounded
bracteole, about 2 mm long and 2.5 mm wide. Calyx cylindric,
slightly curved, 3.5 mm long, the limb truncate, produced about
1 mm. Petals 5, linear, free, about 13 mm long, 1 mm wide,
glabrous, the portion above the insertion of the stamen thick-
ened, narrowly oblong-obovate, obtuse, 3 mm long. Anthers
oblong, continuous with the filament, 1.2 mm long, the filament
as long as the anther.
Luzon, Nueva Ecija Province, Mount Umingan, Bur. Sci. 262A1 Ramos
6 Edano, August 8, 1916, on trees at low altitudes.
A very characteristic species, in vegetative characters approaching
Loranthus cuernosensis Elm. and L. seriatus Merr. It is readily dis-
276 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
tinguished by its peduncled, 6-flowered inflorescences, which are in the
axils and also seriately arranged along one side of the internodes.
LORANTHUS SAMARENSIS sp. nov. § Heteranthus.
Frutex parasiticus, glaber, ramulis teretibus; foliis oppositis,
sessilibus, ovatis, usque ad 18 cm longis, crasse coriaceis, in
siccitate brunneis, utrinque minute verruculosis, apice obtuse
acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel leviter cordatis, nervis utrinque
5 vel 6, arcuato-anastomosantibus, subdistinctis ; inflorescentiis
secundum internodiis plus minusve confertis, fasciculis 4-floris,
sessilibus vel brevissime pedunculatis ; floribus teretibus, circiter
2.4 cm longis, 5-meris, petalis liberis.
A parasitic glabrous shrub, the branches and branchlets terete,
reddish-brown, smooth. Leaves opposite, sessile, thickly coria-
ceous, brown when dry, of the same color on both surfaces,
minutely verruculose, ovate, 9 to 18 cm long, 7 to 11 cm wide,
often slightly inequilateral, apex obtusely acuminate, base
rounded, sometimes slightly cordate; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on
each side of the midrib, rather distinct, stout, curved, anasto-
mosing, the secondary ones and the reticulations obsolete. Flow-
ers terete, cylindric, 5-merous, all sessile, about 2.4 cm long, in
4-flowered fascicles, the fascicles sessile or on very short pedun-
cles (peduncles 2 mm long or less), densely crowded along one
side of the internodes, each flower subtended by a broad, rounded
bracteole 1.5 to 2 mm in length. Calyx cylindric, somewhat
thickened upward, about 4 mm long, the limb produced about 1
mm, truncate, minutely ciliate. Petals 5, linear, free, 2 cm long,
about 2 mm wide, the part above the insertion of the stamen
about 7 mm long, thickened, acute. Anthers oblong, 3 mm long,
continuous with the 2 mm long filament.
Samar, Catubig River, Bur. Sci. 24265 Ramos, February 7, 1916.
A species manifestly allied to Loranthus cuernosensis Elm. and to L.
edanoii Merr., differing from the former in its flowers being densely crowded
in 4-flowered sessile or shortly peduncled fascicles on the internodes, not
axillary, and from the latter in its leaves being rounded or somewhat
cordate at the base; its 4-flowered, not 6-flowered fascicles.; the peduncles,
when present, much shorter; and its longer flowers.
LORANTHUS PACHYCLADUS sp. nov. § Dendrophthoe.
Frutex parasiticus, glaber, ramis ut videtur plus minusve car-
nosis, in siccitate teretibus, laevis, nitidis, brunneo-olivaceis,
circiter 1 cm diametro; foliis ternatis vel subternatis, oblongis
ad oblongo-ellipticis, coriaceis, usque ad 10 cm longis, nitidis,
supra olivaceis, subtus pallidis, apice obtusis, basi cuneatis, nervis
utrinque circiter 6, valde obscuris vel subobsoletis ; inflorescentiis
axillaribus terminalibusque, circiter 10 cm longis, pedunculatis,
xixi, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 277
umbellatis, ramis primariis 4 vel 5, 1 ad 1.5 cm longis; floribus
in ramulis primariis in triadibus dispositis, lateralibus breviter
pedicellatis, 6-meris, teretibus, infra leviter inflatis, circiter 5
cm longis, segmentis crassis, linearis, tubo circiter 6 mm longo.
A parasitic glabrous shrub, the branches stout, apparently
fleshy when fresh, terete, smooth, shining, brownish-olivaceous
when dry, about 1 cm in diameter, the branchlets longitudinally
striate. Leaves ternate or subternate, oblong to oblong-elliptic,
coriaceous, 8 to 10 cm long, 3 to 4 cm wide, shining, smooth,
the upper surface somewhat olivaceous, the lower paler, apex
obtuse, base cuneate; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the
midrib, slender, obscure, often obsolete or nearly so; petioles
2 to 2.5 cm long. Inflorescences terminal and in the uppermost
axils, peduncled, umbellate, the peduncles about 3 cm long, the
primary branches 4 or 5, 1 to 1.5 cm long, each bearing at its
apex a triad consisting of one central sessile flower and two
lateral short-pedicelled ones, each subtended by a broadly ovate,
obtuse, 2.5 mm long bract, the lateral pedicels 4 to 5 mm long.
Flowers greenish-yellow, 6-merous, about 5 mm long. Calyx
cylindric, 6 mm long, the limb truncate, produced about 1.5 mm.
Corolla inflated in the lower 1 cm, terete, the lobes 6, united
for the lower 6 to 7 mm, the free parts abruptly narrowed,
linear, thickened, the reflexed part above the insertion of the
filament about 10 mm long and 2 mm wide, thickened, promi-
nently bicarinate inside by the extended margins, obtuse, slightly
widened upward, linear. Filaments 4 to 5 mm long, the anthers
continuous, linear, 7 to 8 mm long.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27323 Ramos, March 10,
1917, on trees in forests at low and medium altitudes.
A remarkable species, well characterized by its rather long-peduncled,
lax, umbellate inflorescences, the primary rays few in number, each bearing
a single terminal triad of one sessile and two shortly pedicelled, 6-merous
flowers, which are about 5 cm in length. It belongs in the group that Van
Tieghem characterized as Stemmatophyllum, but is not at all closely allied
to the other species belonging here, such as Loranthus haenkeanus Presl,
L. curranii Merr., etc.
LORANTHUS AMPLIFOLIUS sp. nov. § Lepeostegeres.
Frutex parasiticus, glaber, ramis teretibus, ramulis leviter
compressis ; foliis oppositis, ovatis ad late ovatis, usque ad 16 cm
longis, coriaceis, obtusis, basi late acutis vel subtruncatis, nervis
utrinque 8 ad 10 ; capitulis axillaribus, sessilibus, 15- ad 20-floris,
bracteis coriaceis, exterioribus reniformibus, circiter 1 cm longis
et 2 cm latis, interioribus obovatis, bracteolis lineari-oblongis vel
oblongis; floribus sessilibus, 6-meris, circiter 21 mm longis.
278 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
A parasitic glabrous shrub, the branches terete, the branchlets
somewhat compressed, dull-brownish, smooth, the internodes 5
to 10 cm long. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, dull-brownish when
dry, ovate to broadly ovate, 11 to 16 cm long, 8 to 13 cm wide,
obtuse, base broadly acute to subtruncate; lateral nerves 8 to
10 on each side of the midrib, distinct, the secondary ones and
the reticulations obsolete or nearly so; petioles stout, about 1
cm long. Heads axillary, 15- to 20-flowered, the bracts coria-
ceous, the outer ones reniform, 1 cm long and 2 cm wide, the
inner ones obovate, the bracteoles linear-oblong to oblong,’ some-
what keeled, about 11 mm long, obtuse. Calyx 4 mm long,
cylindric, the limb inflated, membranaceous, produced about 1.5
mm. Corolla-tube inflated below, the lobes six, united for the
lower 5 mm, the free portions 2 mm wide below, narrowed
upward, the reflexed part above the insertion of the stamens
oblong, obtuse, 5 mm long. Anthers linear, acuminate, sessile,
4 mm long.
Samar, Catbalogan, Bur. Sci. 17UU8 Ramos, April 22, 1914, on trees in
damp forests at low altitudes, the inflorescence reddish, but the corollas
green and yellow.
A species readily distinguished among all the Philippine representatives
of the section Lepeostegeres by its very broad leaves.
LORANTHUS OVATI BRACTEUS sp. nov. § Macrosolen.
Frutex parasiticus, glaber, ramulis ramulisque teretibus ; foliis
oppositis, breviter petiolatis, oblongo-ovatis, coriaceis, usque ad
15 cm longis, obtusis, basi acutis vel leviter decurrento-acumina-
tis, in siccitate supra brunneo-olivaceis, subtus pallidis, nervis
utrinque 6 ad 8, obscuris; capitulis axillaribus 12- ad 15-floris,
sessilibus, bracteis ovatis, leviter carinatis, circiter 13 mm longis,
bracteolis ellipticis ad oblongo-ellipticis, carinatis, 7 ad 11 mm
longis ; floribus in triadibus sessilibus dispositis, 6-meris, circiter
21 mm longis.
A parasitic, glabrous shrub, the branches and branchlets terete,
the former pale- the latter dark-brown, smooth, the internodes
2 to 5 cm long. Leaves opposite, oblong-ovate, coriaceous, shin-
ing, 12 to 15 cm long, 5.5 to 7.5 cm wide, narrowed upward
to the obtuse apex and below to the acute or somewhat decurrent-
acuminate base, the upper surface dark brownish-olivaceous,
the lower surface pale-brownish; lateral nerves 6 to 8 on each
side of the midrib, slender, very obscure, often evanescent, the
secondary nerves and reticulations obsolete; petioles 5 to 8 mm
long. Heads axillary, sessile, 12- to 15-flowered, the outer four
bracts ovate, coriaceous, acute, more or less keeled, about 13
mm long, the bracteoles subtending the triads elliptic to oblong-
xni, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 279
elliptic, keeled, 7 to 11 mm long, 3.5 to 6 mm wide. Flowers
6-merous, red, sessile, each triad subtended by a bracteole.
Calyx cylindric, somewhat thickened upward, 3 mm long, the
limb produced about 1 mm, somewhat spreading, thin, more or
less crenate-lacerate. Corolla in bud about 18 mm long, cylin-
dric, somewhat enlarged in the median portion, the lobes wholly
united for the lower 5 mm, the free parts 1.5 mm wide below,
narrowed upward, the part above the insertion of the anther
linear, reflexed, 3.5 mm long, acute. Anther linear, subsessile,
2.5 mm long.
Samar, Caminiwan on the Catubig River, Bur. Sci. 2U135 Ramos, Feb-
ruary 8, 1916, at low altitudes.
A species of the section Macrosolen not very closely allied to the others
of this group known from the Philippines. The elliptic to oblong-elliptic,
carinate bracteoles, one bracteole subtending each triad of sessile flowers,
are characteristic.
LORANTHUS SPRAGUE! nom. nov.
Loranthus pubiflorus Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 7 (1912) Bot. 263,
non Sprague.
Mr. T. A. Sprague of the Royal Gardens, Kew, England, has kindly called
my attention to the fact that Loranthus pubiflorus Merr. is a name pre-
occupied by the African L. pubiflorus Sprague, the latter published a few
months before the Philippine one, and I accordingly propose the above new
name for the Philippine form described by me.
LORANTHUS PALAWANENSIS nom. nov.
Loranthus fragilis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 9 (1914) Bot. 278, non
Sprague.
Loranthus fragilis Sprague was published in 1910 for an African species,
and accordingly the Philippine form described by me in 1914 under the same
specific name is here called Loranthus palawanensis Merr.
ELYTRANTHE Blume
ELYTRANTHE ACUfiAE sp. nov.
Frutex parasiticus, glaber, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis
oppositis, coriaceis, in siccitate pallide brunneo-olivaceis, nitidis,
ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 18 cm longis, acuminatis, basi
rotundatis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, distantibus, subtus sub-
prominentibus ; racemis axillaribus, brevibus, paucifloris, bracte-
olis usque ad | connatis; floribus 6-meris, curvatis, circiter 5
cm longis.
A parasitic glabrous shrub, the branches and branchlets pale-
brownish, terete, smooth, the internodes 3.5 to 11 cm long.
Leaves opposite, coriaceous, ovate to oblong-ovate, about 18 cm
long, 8 to 9 cm wide, apex prominently acuminate, base rounded,
when dry pale-brownish-olivaceous, shining ; lateral nerves about
157684 2
280 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
8 on each side of the midrib, rather prominent on the lower
surface, curved, obscurely or scarcely anastomosing, the second-
ary ones and reticulations obsolete; petioles 3 to 5 mm long.
Racemes axillary, solitary, the peduncle and axis 1.5 cm long
or less. Flowers 6-merous, about 5 mm long, curved, red, their
pedicels 2 to 3 mm long; bracts elliptic-ovate, 3.5 mm long;
bracteoles united to the middle, about 2 mm long and 3 mm wide,
the lobes triangular, acute. Calyx 4 mm long, somewhat urceo-
late, the limb produced about 1 mm. Corolla-tube about 3 cm
long, somewhat enlarged upward, the lobes about 12 mm long,
spatulate, much narrowed below, then broadened for a short
distance, the limb 2.8 mm wide in the middle. Anthers linear,
2.3 mm long, continuous with the 8 mm long filament.
Mindanao, Lanao District, Titunod, For. Bur. 28386 Acuiia, December
12, 1914, in forests along Libas Creek at low altitudes.
This species is readily recognized among the few Philippine species of
Elytranthe by its large leaves and long flowers. It is not closely allied to
any previously described form from the Philippines, but seems to be allied
to the extra-Philippine Elytranthe formosa G. Don.
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
ARISTOLOCHIA Linnaeus
ARiSTOLOCHIA FOVEOLATA sp. nov.
Frutex scandens; foliis subcoriaceis, ovato-lanceolatis, usque
ad 12 cm longis, nitidis, sursum gradatim angustatis, apice
acutis vel acuminatis, basi profunde cordatis, lobis rotundatis,
subtus dense foveolato-reticulatis et minutissime puberulis ;
fructibus axillaribus, solitariis, cylindraceis ad anguste obovoi-
deis, circiter 3.5 cm longis.
A scandent shrub, glabrous except for the minutely puberu-
lent lower surfaces of the leaves. Branches nearly black when
dry, the older ones very prominently lenticellate. Leaves sub-
coriaceous, rather pale when dry, shining, ovate-lanceolate, about
12 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide across the base, gradually narrowed
upward to the acute or acuminate apex, the base deeply cordate,
the sinus narrow, rounded, the lobes broadly rounded and often
overlapping, the upper surface distinctly reticulate, the lower
densely foveolate-reticulate ; basal nerves 7 or 9, the inner pair
nearly reaching the apex, the lower one or two pairs extending
into the basal lobes; petioles 3.5 to 4 cm long. Capsules cylin-
dric to narrowly obovoid, glabrous, dark-colored when dry,
axillary, solitary, pendulous, about 3.5 cm long, 1.5 cm in dia-
meter, the apex rounded, base attenuate.
xiii, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 281
Catanduanes, in forests along small streams back of Calolbong, Bur.
Sci. 30370 Ramos, December 9, 1917.
This species is well characterized by its subcoriaceous leaves, which are
densely foveolate and minutely puberulent on the lower surface and deeply
cordate at the base, the sinuses being narrow and the broad rounded
lobes usually overlapping. It belongs in the same general group as
Aristolochia tagala Cham., but is not closely allied to that species or to
any other known to me.
MYRISTICACEAE
MYRISTICA Linnaeus
MYRISTICA MINDORENSIS sp. nov.
Species M. cumingiae Warb. valde affinis, differt foliis minori-
bus, usque ad 13 cm longis, 4 cm latis, nervis lateralibus paucio-
ribus, circiter 7 utrinque, floribus paullo majoribus.
A tree about 14 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence and
the terminal buds. Branches reddish-brown, terete, rugose
when dry, the lenticels few. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, firmly
membranaceous or subcoriaceous, brown and somewhat shining
when dry and of about the same color on both surfaces, 7 to
13 cm long, 2 to 4 cm wide, widest at about the middle, about
equally narrowed at both ends, the base acute, the apex acumi-
nate; nerves 7 on each side of the midrib, curved-ascending,
prominent beneath, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations
subobsolete; petioles 1 to 1.4 cm long, rather slender. Staminate
inflorescence axillary, the flowers fasciculate on short, stout,
solitary, unbranched, or sometimes shortly forked, axillary,
pubescent tubercles, 3 to 4 mm long and nearly as thick, each
bearing from two to five flowers; pedicels about 2.5 mm long,
pubescent, with a large, broad, 3 mm wide, and about 2 mm
long, bracteole immediately below the flower. Staminate flow-
ers oblong-ovoid, 5 to 6 mm long, 3-merous, pubescent outside,
the lobes oblong-ovate, about 2.5 mm long, obtuse or acute.
Anthers about 10, entirely united into a cylindric column about
3 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, the stipe about as thick as the
anther-column, 1 mm long. Pistillate flowers and fruits un-
known.
Mindoro, Cauayan, For. Bur. 3698 Merritt, March, 1906.
A species manifestly closely allied to Myristica cumingii Warb. but with
quite different vegetative characters.
MYRISTICA DISCOLOR sp. nov.
Species M. simiarum A. DC. affinis, differt foliis subtus
pallidis, floribus $ duplo majoribus, circiter 7 mm longis.
A tree, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches terete,
wrinkled, brownish when dry, slender, the branchlets nearly
282 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918
black. Leaves oblong, chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, 10 to
15 cm long, 3.5 to 6 cm wide, the apex acute or somewhat blunt-
acuminate, the base slightly decurrent-acuminate, the upper
surface dark-colored when dry, slightly shining, minutely pus-
tulate, the lower surface pale, glaucescent or sometimes nearly
white, slightly pustulate, sometimes minutely and sparingly
pubescent with very short scattered hairs; lateral nerves about
10 on each side of the midrib, slender, prominent on the lower
surface, dark-colored in contrast to the pale lower surface of
the leaf, looped-anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles 2
cm long. Staminate inflorescence axillary, solitary, 2 to 2.5 cm
long, the rachis glabrous or nearly so, bearing 3 or 4, stout,
short, cylindric, thickened branches, these branches about 1 cm
long, 2 mm thick, more or less ferruginous-pubescent, covered
with the prominent scars of fallen pedicels, flower-bearing only
at the apex. Male flowers 7 mm long, about 2.3 mm in dia-
meter, their pedicels 2 mm long, with an ovate, pubescent, black-
punctate, 1 mm long bracteole at the apex. Calyx externally
appressed-ferruginous-pubescent, the buds cylindric, the lobes 3,
ovate, thick, subacute or obtuse, somewhat recurved in anthesis,
3 mm long, the tube and lobes minutely black-punctate. United
anthers cylindric, 3 to 3.5 mm long, their united filaments 1.5
to 2 mm long, slightly appressed-hirsute. Female flowers and
fruits unknown.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, For. Bur. 13155 Curran,
November or December, 1911, altitude not stated.
A very characteristic species manifestly allied to Myristica simiarum
A. DC., the type of which was also from Laguna Province (Calauan). It
is well characterized by its 3- or 4-branched staminate inflorescences, the
branches thickened, cylindric, and covered with pedicel-scars, and its
characteristic leaves, which are dark-colored above and very pale beneath.
The minutely pustulate leaves and the black-punctate flowers are also
characteristic. Its staminate flowers are twice as large as are those of its
closest ally, Myristica simiarum A. DC.
MYRISTICA NITIDA sp. nov.
Arbor, inflorescentiis fructibusque exceptis glabra; foliis
lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 18 cm longis, apice
longe acute acuminatis, basi acutis, supra valde nitidis subtus
paullo pallidioribus nitidisque; nervis lateralibus circiter 10
utrinque ; fructibus oblongis vel ellipsoideis, circiter 6 cm longis,
minute brunneo-tomentosis.
A tree, glabrous except the fruit and apparently the inflores-
cence, the latter not seen. Branches terete, wrinkled when dry,
dark-colored or brownish, the branchlets light-brown. Leaves
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, chartaceous to thinly coriaceous,
xin, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 283
10 to 18 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide, narrowed above to the
slenderly acuminate apex and below to the acute base, the upper
surface very strongly shining, brownish or pale-olivaceous, the
lower surface somewhat paler, usually brownish, shining but less
so than the upper surface ; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of
the midrib, rather slender, faintly anastomosing, not much more
prominent than are the alternating secondary nerves, the reticula-
tions lax, obscure ; petioles rather slender, 1 to 1.5 cm long. In-
florescence and flowers unknown. Fruits axillary, solitary,
oblong to ellipsoid, about 6 cm long, mature ones 3 cm thick and
equally rounded at both ends, immature ones somewhat narrower,
sometimes inequilateral; pericarp brittle, densely covered with
a very short, pale-brown indumentum which rubs off at maturity.
Luzon, Nueva Ecija Province, For. Bur. 22199 Alvarez, December, 1910.
Possibly as closely allied to Myristica cumingii Warb. as to any other
species, but very different from that form. It is well characterized by its
very strongly shining, entirely glabrous, and slenderly acuminate leaves.
MYRISTICA PALAWANENSIS sp. nov.
Arbor parva, usque ad 8 m alta; foliis coriaceis, oblongis ad
oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 40 cm longis, obtusis vel breviter
obtuse acuminatis, basi acutis vel rotundatis, nervis utrinque
circiter 24, supra glabris, subtus dense ferrugineo- vel pallide
ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; inflorescentiis $ brevibus, densis-
sime ferrugineo-pubescentibus, circiter 4 cm longis, bracteis
lineari-lanceolatis, circiter 2 cm longis, bracteolis nullis ; floribus
$ circiter 5 mm longis; fructibus ellipsoideis vel ellipsoideo-
ovoideis, 3 cm longis, extus dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus.
A small tree 5 to 8 m high, the branchlets, inflorescence, and
lower surfaces of the leaves uniformly and densely ferruginous-
pubescent with persistent hairs, the leaves, in age, often pale
on the lower surface. Branches terete, glabrous, rugose when
dry. Leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, 25 to 40 cm
long, 8 to 19 cm wide, obtuse or the apex shortly, broadly, and
obtusely acuminate, the base acute to rounded, the upper surface
olivaceous, glabrous, somewhat shining when dry, the lower
surface densely ferruginous- or pale ferruginous-pubescent ;
lateral nerves about 24 on each side of the midrib, very prom-
inent, reticulations obscured by the indumentum on the lower
surface, faint on the upper surface; petioles stout, 2 to 3 cm
long, when young pubescent, becoming glabrous. Male inflores-
cence in the uppermost axils, forming a subterminal densely
ferruginous, sparingly branched inflorescence about 4 cm long.
Flowers brown, densely crowded, racemosely disposed, the pri-
mary branches (racemes) subtended by very thick, coriaceous,
284 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
pubescent, linear-lanceolate, 2 cm long bracts, the bracteoles
absent. Flowers 5 to 6 mm long, their lobes broadly ovate,
obtuse, 3 mm long, the pedicels about 3 mm long. Anthers 3
mm long. Fruit ellipsoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, 3 cm long, nearly
2 cm in diameter, the pericarp somewhat wrinkled when dry,
densely and uniformly ferruginous-pubescent with very short
hairs, crustaceous, 2 mm thick or less.
Palawan, Taytay, Merrill 9253 (type), 9353, May, 1913; Dawara, For.
Bur. 7U37 Manalo, March, 1907, in forests at low altitudes.
A species manifestly closely allied to Myristica guateriifolia A. DC. and
to M. cookii Warb., differing from the former in its larger leaves, more
numerous nerves, and smaller fruits; and from the latter in its paler in-
dumentum, and smaller and fewer-nerved leaves.
GYMNACRANTHERA Warburg
GYMNACRANTHERA MACROBOTRYS sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 30 m alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis
oblongis vel anguste oblongo-ellipticis, acuminatis, basi acutis,
usque ad 20 cm longis, nervis utrinque 12 ad 15, distinctis;
paniculis axillaribus, adpresse ferrugineo-pubescentibus, circiter
8 cm longis ; floribus s 4 ad 4.5 mm longis, lobis 3 ad 5 ; antheris
circiter 9, lanceolatis, 2 mm longis.
A tree about 30 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence,
the branches terete, grayish to reddish-brown, lenticellate, the
terminal buds lanceolate, ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves oblong
to narrowly oblong-elliptic, firmly chartaceous, 15 to 20 cm long,
4.5 to 7 cm wide, subequally narrowed at both ends, the apex
acuminate, base acute, the upper surface smooth and shining,
the lower paler, slightly glaucous; lateral nerves 12 to 15 on
each side of the midrib, distinct, the reticulations rather lax,
very fine, not at all prominent; petioles about 1 cm long.
Panicles axillary, solitary, 6 to 9 cm long, appressed-ferruginous-
pubescent, branched from the base, the branches rather distant,
the lower ones 2.5 to 4 cm long, many flowered. Male flowers
4 to 4.5 mm long, externally appressed-ferruginous-pubescent,
ebracteolate, internally shortly pubescent, the perianth 3- to
5-lobed, the lobes ovate, acute or obtuse, about 2 mm long.
Stamens about 9, lanceolate, acuminate, about 2 mm long, on
the stout, 0.3 mm long filament.
Leyte, near Dagami, Phil. PI. 1171 Ramos, August 9, 1912, in forests.
A species well characterized by its large staminate flowers, these being
larger than in any previously known species of the genus. In this
character Gymnacranthera macrobotrys is allied to G. murtoni Warb., of
the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, but otherwise does not seem to be closely
allied. From the common Gymnacranthera paniculata Warb. of the
xiii, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 285
Philippines it differs, among other characters, in its decidedly larger,
broader, more numerously nerved leaves.
HQRSF1 ELDI A Willdenow
HORSF1 ELDI A CON FERTi FLORA sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 25 m alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra;
ramis ramulisque teretibus, lenticellatis ; foliis chartaceis vel
subcoriaceis, oblongis, usque ad 25 cm longis, breviter acurni-
natis, nervis utrinque circiter 18, subtus perspicuis; inflores-
centiis $ e axillis defoliatis, paniculatis, usque ad 13 cm longis,
plus minusve ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; floribus pedicellatis, 3-,
rariter 4-meris, circiter 1.7 mm diametro, in ramulis ultimis
dense confertis.
A tree reaching a height of about 25 m, glabrous except the
inflorescence. Branches terete, stout, brownish and striate when
dry, lenticellate, the branchlets also terete, glabrous. Leaves
firmly chartaceous or subcoriaceous, oblong, 17 to 25 cm long,
4.5 to 8 cm wide, slightly shining and usually more or less
brownish when dry, the apex shortly acuminate, the base acute
or obtuse ; nerves about 18 on each side of the midrib, prominent
beneath, anastomosing, the reticulations obsolete or nearly so,
very lax; petioles about 1 cm long. Staminate inflorescence
from the axils of fallen leaves, paniculate, pyramidal, 10 to 13
cm long, the lower branches spreading, often 5 cm long, the
upper few gradually shorter, the rachis, branches and especially
the ultimate branchlets more or less ferruginous-pubescent, the
flowers densely crowded on the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels
less than 1 mm long. Buds globose, less than 2 mm in diameter.
Mature flowers 1.5 to 1.8 mm long, 3-, rarely 4-merous, the lobes
broadly ovate, acute, about 1 mm long, quite glabrous. Stamens
about 14, the anthers entirely united into a sessile, globose or
depressed-globose mass about 1 mm in diameter. Immature
fruits oblong, about 2 mm long, glabrous.
Luzon, Bataan Province, Lamao River, For. Bur. 2487 Borden, January,
1905 (sterile) , For. Bur. 7509 Curran, September, 1907 : Rizal Province,
Bosoboso, For. Bur. 3183 Ahern’s collector, July, 1905 (type) : Tayabas
Province, Mount Banahao, For. Bur. 8049 Curran & Merritt, November,
1907.
I am disposed to place this species in the section Pyrrhosa, allied to
H. kingii, H. amygdalina, and H. glabra. It strongly resembles, however,
H. irya and allied species, but the anthers seem to be entirely united, and
the flowers are never 2-merous. This is the form previously identified by
me as Horsfieldia ardisiifolia Warb., 8 the determination having been made
8 Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 55.
286 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
from a single sterile specimen. It is not at all closely allied to that species,
although resembling it in vegetative characters.
HORSFI ELDI A MEGACARPA sp. nov.
Arbor alta, glabra (floribus ignotis) ; foliis crasse coriaceis,
circiter 18 cm longis, oblongis, obscure et obtuse acuminatis,
basi subacutis ad subrotundatis, supra verruculosis, in siccitate
nitidis, fragilis, nervis utrinque circiter 18, subtus valde perspic-
uis; infructescentiis brevibus, crassis, circiter 4 cm longis;
fructibus globosis, vel globoso-ellipsoideis, circiter 4 cm diame-
tro, pericarpio crassissimo.
A tall tree, quite glabrous (inflorescence and flowers not
seen), or the very young growing parts ferruginous-puberulent.
Branches stout, brown, terete, lenticellate. Leaves oblong,
thickly coriaceous, brittle when dry, about 18 cm long, 7 to 8
cm wide, apparently recurved or falcate, obscurely blunt-acumi-
nate, base subacute to subrounded, when dry brown on both
surfaces, the upper surface strongly shining, distinctly ver-
ruculose with minute scattered projections; lateral nerves about
18 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing, the
reticulations lax, faint, obscure; petioles stout, about 1 cm
long. Inflorescence and flowers unknown. Infructescence from
the branches below the leaves, short, stout, simple, about 4 cm
long, each bearing 3 or 4 fruits. Immature fruits globose to
ellipsoid-globose, about 4 cm in diameter, the line of dehiscence
evident, the pericarp brittle, very thick (about 1 cm).
Luzon, Laguna Province, Dahican River, Bur. Sci. 16527 Ramos, Sep-
tember 18, 1912, in forests.
A strongly marked species, characterized by its short infructescence
and especially by its unusually large, globose fruits, which have a very
thick (1 cm) brittle pericarp.
HORSFI ELDI A OBLONGATA sp. nov.
Arbor alta, glabra; foliis chartaceis, oblongis ad anguste
oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis,
in siccitate brunneis vel olivaceo-brunneis, nitidis, nervis utrin-
que 9 ad 13; infructescentiis e axillis defoliatis, usque ad 20
cm longis; fructibus oblongo-ovoideis vel anguste oblongo-ovoi-
deis, 4 cm longis, deorsum 2 cm diametro, sursum angustatis,
apice obtusis.
A tall tree, apparently entirely glabrous (flowers not seen).
Branches terete, brown, much wrinkled when dry, the branchlets
slender. Leaves oblong to narrowly oblong-obovate, 11 to 20
cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide, chartaceous or submembranaceous,
the apex acuminate, base acute, when dry brown or brown-
olivaceous, shining, lower surface very slightly paler than the
xin, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 287
upper; lateral nerves 9 to 11 on each side of the midrib, rather
distant, distinct, curved upward, faintly anastomosing, the reti-
culations lax, slender, not prominent; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long.
Infructescence from the axils of fallen leaves on the branches
below the leaves, slender, sparingly branched, up to 20 cm long.
Fruits few, oblong-ovoid or narrowly oblong-ovoid, 4 cm long,
2 cm in diameter in the lower part, narrowed upward to the
blunt apex, the base somewhat rounded and produced slightly
as a short stout pseudostalk. Pericarp thickly coriaceous, about
1.5 mm thick when dry, the lines of dehiscence evident. Aril
not at all laciniate.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Pular, Phil. PI. 1393 Ramos, Jan. 17,
1913, in forests.
A species in vegetative characters somewhat resembling Horsfieldia mer-
rillii Warb., well characterized, however, by its peculiarly shaped, oblong-
ovoid fruits which are gradually narrowed upward to the blunt apex.
KNEMA Loureiro
KNEMA PARVIFOLiA sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 15 m alta, partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque
ferrugineo-puberulis ; foliis chartaceis, oblongis, eliptico-
oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, supra nitidis, subtus pallidiori-
bus, acuminatis, basi acutis, 5 ad 10 cm longis, nervis utrinque
9 ad 13, subtus perspicuis ; floribus $ parvis, vix 3 mm
longis, paucis, e tuberculis axillaribus vel e axillis defoliatis,
disco stamineo glabro, margine antheris 8 vel 9 breviter stipi-
tatis coronato.
A tree about 15 m high, the trunk reaching a diameter of
35 cm. Branches dark-brown, terete, striate when dry, some-
what shining, glabrous, the slender branchlets minutely and
densely ferruginous-puberulent as are the petioles and inflores-
cences. Leaves chartaceous, oblong, elliptic-oblong, or oblong-
lanceolate, entire, 5 to 10 cm long, 1.8 to 2.8 cm wide, the upper
surface shining, glabrous, the lower pale when dry, dull, with
scattered, small, brown, sublepidote, glandular dots, especially
on the midrib and nerves, the base acute, the apex acuminate,
acumen rather short, blunt; primary nerves 9 to 13 on each
side of the midrib, prominent beneath, anastomosing, the second-
ary nerves and reticulations rather close, fine; petioles 6 to 9
mm long. Staminate flowers on short, pubescent, rather stout
tubercles, these tubercles about 4 mm long, marked with scars
of fallen pedicels, each bearing from 2 to 5 long-pedicelled flow-
ers, the tubercles solitary in the axils of leaves or of fallen
leaves ; pedicels slender, rusty-puberulent, 8 to 10 mm long, with
288 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
a small, deciduous, oblong, obtuse, 1 mm long bracteole at the
upper one-fourth or one-third. Staminate flowers small, not
exceeding 3 mm in length, the buds ferruginous-puberulent out-
side, glabrous within, subglobose or somewhat 3-angled, 3-,
rarely 4-merous, the calyx-segments thick, ovate, 3 mm long or
less, acute. Staminal-disk stipitate, glabrous, the stipe less than
1 mm long, bearing on the margins of the disk 8 or 9, radiately
disposed, 0.5 mm long anthers. Pistillate flowers and fruits
unknown.
Luzon, Albay Province, Manito, For. Bur. 10573 Curran, June, 1908, on
forested ridges, altitude about 30 meters.
A species apparently not closely allied to the other Philippine represent-
atives of the genus, well characterized by its unusually small staminate
flowers and by its small leaves.
KNEMA ALVAREZI1 sp. nov.
Arbor 12 ad 15 m alta, partibus .iunioribus fructibusque
densissime ferrugineo-tomentosis ; foliis lanceolatis vel oblongo-
lanceolatis, 8 ad 12 cm longis, coriaceis, acuminatis, basi acutis
vel obtusis, supra glabris, nitidis, subtus pallidis, nervis utrin-
que 12 ad 15; floribus 8 axillaribus, parvis, 3-meris, extus
densissime ferrugineo-tomentosis, disco stamineo glabro, brevi-
ter stipitato, staminibus 6; fructibus junioribus ellipsoideis, 1.5
ad 2 cm longis, dense ferrugineo-tomentosis.
A tree 12 to 15 m high, the young branchlets and leaves very
densely ferruginous-tomentose as are the buds and young fruits.
Branches grayish-brown, striate, glabrous. Leaves lanceolate
to oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, 8 to 12 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide,
entire, rather slenderly acuminate, base acute or obtuse, the
upper surface glabrous, shining, the lower surface pale, puberu-
lent, ultimately becoming nearly glabrous; petioles when young
ferruginous-tomentose, later puberulent, 8 to 15 mm long;
nerves 12 to 15 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anasto-
mosing, the reticulations not prominent. Male flowers on short,
axillary, solitary tubercles, the whole inflorescence ferruginous-
tomentose, 1 cm long or less. Pedicels short. Flowers crowded,
in bud globose or ovoid, the perianth-segments 3, ovate, about
3 mm long, the bracteoles ovate, deciduous, 2 mm long. Stam-
inal-disk shortly stipitate, glabrous, bearing on the margins 6
radiately spreading anthers about 0.5 mm long. Fruit (imma-
ture) ellipsoid, 1.5 to 2 cm long, densely ferruginous-tomentose.
Luzon, Nueva Ecija Province, Mount Macasandal, For. Bur. 22395,
22397 Alvarez, February 10, 1911, in forests, altitude about 850 meters.
A species manifestly allied to Knema heterophylla Warb., differing in
its smaller, fewer-nerved, apparently always entire leaves, the younger
xiii, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 289
parts and fruits densely ferruginous-tomentose. From Knema parviflora
Merr. it is distinguished by its different indumentum, short-pedicelled
male flowers, and fewer anthers.
MELIACEAE
AGLAIA Loureiro
AGLAIA RIZALENSIS sp. nov. § Hearnia.
Species A. luzoniensis affinis differt foliolis lanceolatis ad
oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 10 cm longis et 2.5 cm latis. Arbor
parva, novellis et inflorescentiis dense cupreo-lepidotis ; foliis
1-foliolatis, foliolis subcoriaceis, rigidis, acuminatis, subtus par-
cissime lepidotis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 12, tenuibus; paniculis
axillaribus, brevibus, paucifloris, 2 ad 4 cm longis; floribus
parvis, 5-meris, racemose dispositis, petalis liberis, extus par-
cissime lepidotis.
A small tree, about 4 m high, the younger parts and the
inflorescences densely cupreous-lepidote. Branches terete, gray-
ish-brown, somewhat wrinkled, glabrous, the branchlets densely
lepidote as are the very young leaves. Leaves simple, alternate,
the petiole 1 to 1.5 cm long, more or less lepidote, the leaflet
lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, subcoriaceous, olivaceous when
dry, dull or slightly shining, 6 to 10 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide,
subequally narrowed to the acute base and the acuminate apex,
the upper surface glabrous, the lower sparingly lepidote es-
pecially along the midrib; lateral nerves slender, 10 to 12 on
each side of the midrib, indistinct, obsolete or nearly so on the
upper surface, the reticulations obsolete. Panicles axillary, few-
flowered, 2 to 4 cm long, densely cupreous-lepidote, usually
branched from the base, the lower branches 1.5 cm long or less;
flowers yellowish, racemosely arranged on the branches, their
pedicels 1 to 2.5 mm long. Calyx densely lepidote, the teeth 5,
short, acute to obtuse. Petals 5, orbicular, 1 to 1.2 mm in dia-
meter, externally slightly lepidote. Staminal tube free, broad,
about 1 mm high. Anthers 5, inserted at the apex of the tube
just within the rim. Ovary pubescent.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Mount Lumutan, Bur. Sci. 2Q6U0 Ramos & Edano,
April 22, 1917.
This species is manifestly allied to Aglaia luzoniensis (Vid.) Merr. &
Rolfe, one of the few species of the genus with unifoliolate leaves. It is
readily distinguished by its much narrower, differently shaped leaves. It
is distinguished from Aglaia brevipetiolata Merr. by its much longer
petioles and differently shaped leaves. I now have before me a cotype of
the Celebesian Aglaia unifoliolata Koord., and am able to confirm its
identity with the Philippine Aglaia monophylla Perk.; both are identical
with Beddomea luzoniensis Vid., the basis of Aglaia luzoniensis Merr. &
290 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
Rolfe. This very characteristic species is common and widely distributed
in the Philippines and, like numerous other strongly marked and charac-
teristic types, is otherwise known only from Celebes and New Guinea.
AGLAIA PYRIFORM IS sp. nov. § Heamia.
Arbor parva, partibus junioribus dense cupreo-lepidotis;
foliis alternis, circiter 20 cm longis, foliolis 7, oblongis, coriaceis,
usque ad 10 cm longis, acutis vel brevissime acuminatis, basi
acutis ad obtusis, subaequilateralibus, utrinque minute puncti-
culatis, subtus ad costa et nervis cupreo-lepidotis, nervis late-
ralibus utrinque 8 vel 9, perspicuis, curvatis, evanescentibus
vel obscure anastomosantibus, reticulis obsoletis; paniculis axil-
laribus, usque ad 18 cm longis, angustis; floribus 5-meris, race-
mose dispositis, circiter 3 mm diametro ; fructibus anguste
obovoideis, usque ad 2.5 cm longis, extus dense minuteque cupreo-
lepidotis.
A tree about 5 m high, the younger branches, petioles, petio-
lules, midrib and lateral nerves on the lower surface of the leaf-
lets, panicles, and fruits densely cupreous-lepidote. Leaves
alternate, about 20 cm long; leaflets 7, oblong, coriaceous, min-
utely puncticulate on both surfaces, rather pale when dry, shin-
ing, 5 to 10 cm long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide, subequally narrowed to
the acute or obscurely acuminate apex and to the acute or some-
what obtuse base, the midrib very prominent on the lower sur-
face; lateral nerves 8 or 9 pairs, prominent, curved, evanescent
or obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations obsolete; petiolules
1 cm long or less. Panicles axillary, up to 20 cm long, narrow,
the lower branches 3 cm long or less, the flowers racemosely
arranged on the ultimate branchlets, rather few. Flowers pink,
5-merous, their pedicels stout, 2 mm long or less. Calyx 2 mm
long, ovoid, the lobes lepidote, obtuse, coriaceous. Petals 5,
free, about 2 mm long, oblong-elliptic, rounded. Staminal-tube
turbinate, free, 1 mm long, about 1.5 mm in diameter, truncate.
Anthers 5 or 6, inserted on the edge of the tube, inflexed, 0.8
mm long. Fruits narrowly obovoid, dark-brown when dry,
rounded, gradually narrowed below, up to 2.5 cm long, externally
very densely and minutely cupreous-lepidote.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Dingalan, Bur. Sci. 26604 Ramos &
Edano, September 9, 1916, in forests, altitude about 300 meters.
A most characteristic species, distinguishable by its indumentum; its
coriaceous puncticulate leaflets; the prominent evanescent nerves; the
obsolete reticulations; and its dark-brown, pyriform fruits.
AGLAIA PUNCTICULATA sp. nov. § Heamia.
Frutex circiter 2 m altus, partibus junioribus foliolis subtus
ad costa nervis et paniculis dense cupreo-lepidotis ; foliis circiter
xiii, c, 6 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 291
30 cm longis, foliolis longe petiolatis, oblongis, usque ad 13 cm
longis, coriaceis, utrinque puncticulatis, breviter acute acumi-
natis, basi acutis ad obtusis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, curvatis,
perspicuis, evanescentibus, reticulis obsoletis ; paniculis axil-
laribus, circiter 20 cm longis, anguste pyramidatis; floribus
numerosis, graciliter pedicellatis, racemose dispositis, 5-meris,
1.5 mm diametro.
A shrub, said by the collector to be about 2 m high, the
younger branches, petioles, petiolules, costa and nerves on the
lower surface, and inflorescences densely cupreous-lepidote.
Leaves alternate, about 30 cm long; leaflets 7, oblong, rather
pale when dry, coriaceous, both surfaces minutely puncticulate,
10 to 13 cm long, 2.5 to 5.5 cm wide, apex shortly acuminate,
base acute to obtuse; lateral nerves 10 on each side of the mid-
rib, prominent, curved, evanescent, the reticulations obsolete;
petiolules 2 to 2.5 cm long. Panicles axillary, narrowly pyram-
idal, about 20 cm long, the lower branches up to 7 cm in length.
Flowers numerous, 5-merous, racemosely disposed on the ulti-
mate branchlets, 1.5 mm in diameter, their pedicels about 2 mm
long, slender. Sepals orbicular-obovate, 1 mm in diameter,
rounded, stellate-lepidote. Petals 5, free, 1.5 mm long, rounded.
Staminal-tube turbinate, 1 mm in diameter, truncate, 0.6 mm
long. Anthers 5, 0.6 mm long, inserted on the edge of the tube.
Luzon, Nueva Ecija Province, Mount Umingan, Bur. Sci. 26306 Ramos
& Edano, August 21, 1916, in forests, altitude about 400 meters, locally
known as amponayan.
This species in its indumentum, its oblong, coriaceous, puncticulate
leaves, and its evanescent nerves, the reticulations obsolete, strongly re-
sembles Aglaia pyriformis Merr., and is manifestly allied to it. It differs
from Aglaia pyriforims in its larger leaves; larger leaflets, which have
much longer petiolules; its longer panicle branches; and especially in its
more numerous, much smaller, slenderly pedicelled flowers.
AGLAIA ROBINSON 1 1 sp. nov. § Hearnia?
Frutex 3 ad 4 m altus, partibus junioribus petiolis infructes-
centiis et fructibus densissime cupreo-stellato-tomentosis ; foliis
alternis, 12 ad 25 cm longis, foliolis 7 ad 10, oppositis vel alter-
nis, lanceolatis, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, usque ad 7 cm longis,
acuminatis, basi acutis, leviter inaequilateralibus, subtus ad
costa densissime cupreo-tomentosis, ceteroquin glabra, nervis
utrinque 7 ad 10, tenuibus, curvatis, anastomosantibus ; infruc-
tescentiis axillaribus, brevibus, 1 ad 2 cm longis ; fructibus ellip-
soideis, 1.5 cm longis, densissime cupreo-tomentosis.
A shrub 3 to 4 m high, the branchlets, petioles, petiolules,
midribs on the lower surface of the leaflets, very short infructes-
292 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
cences and fruits densely and uniformly stellate-tomentose with
short, more or less spreading, cupreous hairs. Leaves alternate,
12 to 25 cm long; leaflets 7 to 10, alternate or opposite, lanceolate,
subolivaceous or brownish-olivaceous when dry, somewhat shin-
ing, 4 to 7 cm long, 1 to 2 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the
acute, somewhat inequilateral base and to the acuminate apex,
chartaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous except the midrib on
the lower surface; lateral nerves 7 to 10 on each side of the
midrib, slender, curved, anastomosing; petiolules 2 to 3 mm
long, densely pubescent. Infructescences axillary, solitary, all
parts densely cupreous-pubescent, the rather stout rachis 1 to
1.5 cm long, the infructescence reduced to a simple raceme.
Fruits ellipsoid, 1.5 cm long, few, very densely cupreous-
pubescent.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Infanta, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 9438
Robinson, August 28, 1909, in mossy forests, altitude 900 meters, Bur. Sci.
28634 Ramos & Edano, May, 1917; Mount Dingalan, Bur. Sci. 26562 Ramos
& Edano (type), August 25, 1916, locally known to the Balugos as ma-
raampiit.
A species well characterized by its lanceolate, small leaflets, its dense
cupreous indumentum, and especially by its very short infructescences,
which, including the ellipsoid fruits, scarcely exceed 2 cm in length.
AGLAIA TAYABENSiS sp. nov. § Heamia.
Species A. harmsianae affinis differt foliolis multo majoribus,
usque ad 29 cm longis et 11 cm latis. Arbor, partibus juniori-
bus et inflorescentiis dense subcastaneo-stellato-tomentosis ; f oliis
usque ad 65 cm longis, alternis, foliolis 7, oblongo-ellipticis,
chartaceis, breviter acuminatis, basi obtusis ad subcordatis,
utrinque ad costa stellato-tomentosis, nervis utrinque 15 ad 20;
paniculis axillaribus, pyramidatis, pedunculatis, folia subaequan-
tibus; floribus 5-meris, parvis, calycis extus stellato-tomentosis.
A tree about 8 m high, the young branchlets, petioles,
inflorescences, and midrib on both surfaces of the leaflets
densely subeastaneous-stellate-tomentose. Branches terete,
brown, about 7 mm in diameter, tomentose. Leaves alternate,
about 65 cm long. Leaflets 7, the lateral ones opposite, oblong-
elliptic, chartaceous, brownish-olivaceous when dry, 25 to 29
cm long, 9.5 to 11 cm wide, the upper surface glabrous except
for the stellate-tomentose midrib, the lower stellate-tomentose
on the midrib and to a less degree on the lateral nerves, the
base obtuse to rounded or subcordate, the apex shortly and
abruptly acuminate ; lateral nerves 15 to 20 on each side of the
midrib, distinct, anastomosing, the reticulations lax, indistinct;
xiii, c, 6 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 293
petiolules stout, densely stellate-tomentose. Panicles axillary,
about as long as the leaves, densely stellate-tomentose, the in-
dumentum subcastaneous, peduncled, the branches few, scat-
tered, spreading, the lower ones up to 16 cm in length. Flowers
rather densely crowded on the ultimate branchlets, 5-merous, in
bud about 1 mm in diameter, the calyx externally stellate-
tomentose, the lobes 1 mm long or less.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Tulaog, Bur. Sci. 29133 Ramos &
Edano, May 24, 1917, in forests near streams.
The alliance of this species is unmistakably with Aglaia harmsiana
Perk., from which it differs chiefly in its very much larger leaflets.
AGLAIA GRAND1FOLIOLA sp. nov. § Euaglaia.
Arbor parva, partibus junioribus et inflorescentiis dense et
pallide lepidotis, costa subtus parcissime lepidotis; foliis alter-
nis, circiter 60 cm longis, foliolis circiter 5, oblongo-ellipticis,
membranaceis, nitidis, acuminatis, usque ad 30 cm longis; pani-
culis axillaribus, paucifloris, 5 ad 6 cm longis; floribus magnis,
5-meris, circiter 5 mm longis ; antheris 8, oblongis, 2 mm longis.
A small tree, 7 m high fide Ramos, the younger parts densely
lepidote, the scales appressed, pale, small. Branches terete,
brownish, smooth, about 5 mm in diameter, ultimately glabrous.
Leaves alternate, about 60 cm long, the petioles and rachis rather
densely pale-lepidote, the midrib on the lower surface of the
leaflets sparingly lepidote. Leaflets about 5, membranaceous,
brownish-olivaceous when dry, shining, oblong-elliptic, 20 to 30
cm long, 8 to 10 cm wide, base rounded to acute, that of the
lateral ones inequilateral, apex slenderly acuminate; lateral
nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved,
distant, anastomosing, the reticulations lax, indistinct. Panicles
axillary, few-flowered, 5 to 6 cm long, densely pale-lepidote,
the branches few, the lower ones 1.5 cm long or less, spreading.
Flowers yellow, distinctly large for the genus, about 5 mm long,
their pedicels short, stout, densely lepidote. Calyx about 3 mm
long and wide, the lobes broadly ovate, obtuse, about 1.5 mm
long, externally lepidote. Petals 5, free, obovate, glabrous, 5
to 5.5 mm long, apex rounded, base narrowed. Staminal-tube
obovoid, 4 mm long, the anthers 8, oblong, 2 mm long, included.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Umiray River, Bur. Sci. 28981 Ramos &
Edano, June 3, 1917, in forests along the river.
A strongly marked species, well characterized by its few, unusually large
leaflets, which are entirely glabrous except for the sparingly lepidote
midrib; its very short, few-flowered panicles; and its unusually large
flowers.
294 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
AGLAIA LANCILIMBA sp. nov. § Euaglaia.
Arbor circiter 10 m alta, ramulis inflorescentiisque densissime
cupreo-lepidotis ; foliis circiter 25 cm longis, rhachibus petiolu-
lisque dense cupreo-lepidotis; foliolis 11 ad 17, lanceolatis, acu-
minatis, usque ad 9 cm longis, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, supra
minutissime puncticulatis, in costa utrinque perspicue cupreo-
lepidotis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 14, tenuibus, obscuris, reticulis
obsoletis; paniculis folia subaequantibus, anguste pyramidatis,
multifloris; floribus 5-meris, racemose dispositis, 2.5 ad 3 mm
longis.
A tree about 10 m high, the branches and branchlets, inflores-
cences, petioles, rachises, and petiolules, and the midrib on both
surfaces of the leaflets conspicuously and densely cupreous-
lepidote. Ultimate branches terete, cupreous, nearly smooth,
about 6 mm in diameter. Leaves numerous, crowded near the
apices of the branchlets, about 25 cm long, the rachis, petioles
and petiolules densely and conspicuously cupreous-lepidote ; leaf-
lets 11 to 17, lanceolate, chartaceous, pale when dry, somewhat
shining, apex slenderly acuminate, base somewhat inequilateral,
acute, 7 to 9 cm long, 1.2 to 2 cm wide, the upper surface min-
utely puncticulate-pitted, the lower paler than the upper, con-
spicuously cupreous-lepidote on and along the midrib on both
surfaces, with few, widely scattered scales on the epidermis;
lateral nerves 10 to 14 on each side of the midrib, very slender,
obscure, not anastomosing, the reticulations obsolete; petiolules
6 to 9 mm long. Panicles in the uppermost axils, narrowly
pyramidal, nearly as long as the leaves, peduncled, all parts
densely cupreous-lepidote, the lower branches up to 12 cm in
length, the upper shorter. Flowers 5-merous, racemosely dis-
posed on the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels 1.5 to 2.5 mm
long. Sepals 5, suborbicular, densely cupreous-lepidote, about
1 mm in diameter. Petals 5, free, glabrous, about 3 mm long,
oblong-elliptic to oblong-obovate, rounded, concave. Staminal-
tube oblong-obovoid, 2.2 mm long, slightly crenate. Anthers 5
or 6, oblong, 1 mm long, inserted at about the middle of the
tube, included.
Luzon, Camarines Province, Paracale, For. Bur. 26509 De Mesa &
Magistrado, August 2, 1916, on low hills, altitude about 20 meters, locally
known as ibaiba.
This very characteristic species is well marked by its dense, cupreous,
lepidote indumentum and its narrow, pale leaves. It somewhat resembles
Aglaia lanceolata Merr. and A. curranii Merr., being most closely allied
to the former. It is distinguished from both by its much larger flowers.
xiii, c, 6 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 295
AGLAIA Ml RAN DAE sp. nov. § Euaglaia.
Species A. stenophyllae Merr. affinis, differt foliolis multo
brevioribus latioribusque, usque ad 12 cm longis et 4 cm latis,
breviter obtuseque acuminatis, nervis minus numerosis, 10 ad
12 utrinque, inflorescentiis dense multifloris, e basi ramosis.
A small tree about 7 m high, the branchlets, petioles, inflores-
cences, and some other parts of the plant rather densely fer-
ruginous-pubescent with short stellate hairs. Branches grayish,
rather slender, ultimately glabrous. Leaves alternate, about 30
cm long, the petiole and rachis ferruginous-stellate-pubescent;
leaflets alternate, or the uppermost ones opposite, usually 9,
subchartaceous, oblong to somewhat oblong-obovate, 6 to 12 cm
long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide, pale and shining when dry, the apex
obscurely blunt-acuminate, the base acute to rounded, often more
or less inequilateral ; nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib,
slender, not anastomosing, the reticulations nearly obsolete, the
midrib on the lower surface ferruginous-stellate-pubescent as
are the 2 mm long petiolules. Panicles axillary, 2 to 5 cm long,
pyramidal, branched from the base, densely many-flowered, the
flowers yellowish, racemosely arranged on the ultimate branch-
lets, 5-merous, their pedicels about 1 mm long. Calyx stellate-
pubescent, the lobes ovate, obtuse, 0.5 mm long. Petals 5, free,
glabrous, elliptic, rounded, about 1 mm long. Staminal-tube
depressed-globose, glabrous, free, truncate, about 0.6 mm long,
the anthers 5, included.
Basilan, near Sangal, For. Bur. 18970 Miranda, October 1, 1912, in
forests, altitude about 100 meters.
A species manifestly allied to Aglaia stenophylla Merr. of Samar,
differing radically however in its very differently shaped, fewer-nerved
leaflets. In its very abbreviated panicles it strongly resembles that species,
but here differs in the panicles being very densely many-flowered and
branched from the base.
AGLAIA MYRIANTHA sp. nov. § Euaglaia.
Arbor parva, partibus junioribus, petiolis, petiolulis et inflo-
rescentiis dense pallide stellato-tomentosis ; foliis alternis, cir-
citer 45 cm longis, foliolis circiter 15, lanceolatis ad oblongo-
lanceolatis, tenuiter acuminatis, basi valde inaequilateralibus,
usque ad 11 cm long, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, nervis utrin-
que circiter 12, tenuibus, distinctis; paniculis axillaribus, folia
subaequantibus, pedunculatis, multifloris ; floribus numerosis,
sessilibus, in ramulis ultimis glomeratim dispositis, 5-meris,
sepalis extus stellato-tomentosis, circiter 1 mm longis.
157684 3
296 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
A small tree, the younger parts, petioles, rachis, petiolules,
midrib on the lower surface of the leaflets, and the ample in-
florescences densely and uniformly stellate-tomentose with short,
pale-brownish or grayish-brown hairs. Branches thickened, the
ultimate ones at least 8 mm in diameter. Leaves crowded
toward the apices of the branchlets, about 45 cm long; leaflets
opposite and alternate, pale-brownish when dry, slightly shining,
of the same color on both surfaces, subcoriaceous, lanceolate to
oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 11 cm long, 2.5 to 3 cm wide, slenderly
acuminate, base strongly inequilateral, acute, or acute on one
side and somewhat rounded on the other, the lowermost ones
shorter than the others ; the midrib beneath, and sometimes also
on the upper surface, stellate-tomentose; lateral nerves slender,
somewhat curved, obscurely anastomosing, about 12 on each
side of the midrib, the reticulations obscure; petiolules 5 to 8
mm long. Panicles axillary, as long as the leaves, peduncled,
the lower branches up to 20 cm long, the branchlets densely
flowered, the flowers somewhat glomerate on the spike-like ulti-
mate branchlets. Flowers 5-merous, minute, very numerous,
the sepals ovate, pubescent, about 1 mm long. Petals 5, free,
when young orbicular-ovate, about 1 mm in diameter.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Dingalan, Bur. Sci. 26593 Ramos &
Edano, August 27, 1913, in forests, altitude about 160 meters, locally known
as sarorongan.
A species not closely allied to any other known to me, well characterized
by its long leaves and panicles, narrow, pale, very inequilateral leaflets,
and very numerous, sessile glomerate flowers on the spike-like ultimate
branchlets.
AGLAIA ELAEAGNOIDEA (Juss.) Benth. FI. Austral. 1 (1863) 383;
C. DC. Monog. Phan. 1 (1878) 611.
Palawan, For. Bur. 3823 Curran, March, 1906, from flat forests back of
the beach, Phil. PI. 1275 Merrill, Bur. Sci. 21535 Escritor. Jolo, For. Bur.
2252U Klemme, August, 1912, in level open forests near the sea. Basilan
For. Bur. 13260 Foxworthy, DeMesa, & Villamil, June, 1912 (sterile), along
the seashore, Bur. Sci. 16089 Reillo, For. Bur. 18853 Miranda, August, 1912,
back of the mangrove. Malamaui, Bur. Sci. 16376 Reillo, For. Bur. 18880
Miranda. Sibutu, For. Bur. 20818 Ferraris & Stadtmiller. Balabac,
Weber s. n.
The specimens are rather characteristic, and appear to be decidedly
uniform in essential characters; they agree closely with specimens from
the Malay Archipelago and from Queensland. Its habitat is apparently
characteristic.
The species is new to the Philippines, although I have previously des-
cribed a variety from the Batanes Islands. I am now of the opinion that
this northern form is specifically distinct, and herewith raise it to specific
rank.
xiii, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 297
AGLAIA PALLENS (Merr.) comb. nov.
Aglaia elaeagnoidea Benth. var. pallens Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci.
3 (1908) Bot. 413.
Batanes Islands, Batan, Bur. Sci. 3831 Fenix, June, 1907; For. Bur.
19365 Agudo, May, 1909, locally known as alui. Babuyan Islands, Cami-
guin, Bur. Sci. 4122 Fenix, July, 1907.
This species differs from Aglaia elaeagnoidea Benth. especially in its
much smaller leaves.
CH ISOCH ETON Blume
CH ISOCH ETON (DASYCOLEUM) PARVIFOUOLUS sp. nov.
Arbor parva, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis usque ad
25 cm longis, foliolis usque ad 14, oppositis, coriaceis, oblongis,
usque ad 10 cm longis, obtuse acuminatis, in siccitate pallidis,
nervis utrinque 10 ad 12, subtus valde perspicuis, subpat-
ulis; infructescentiis axillaribus, longe pedunculatis, folia sub-
aequantibus, puberulis; fructibus globosis vel depresso-globosis,
1.5 ad 2 cm diametro, pericarpio puberulo.
A small tree, glabrous except the more or less cinereous-
puberulent inflorescence and younger parts. Branches terete,
rather stout, the ultimate ones 5 to 7 mm in diameter, wrinkled
when dry, grayish. Leaves alternate, up to 25 cm in length,
the leaflets usually about 7 pairs, opposite, coriaceous, oblong,
pale when dry, 7 to 10 cm long, 2.5 to 3.5 cm wide, somewhat
inequilateral, apex obtusely acuminate, base distinctly inequila-
teral, rounded on both sides; lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each
side of the midrib, spreading, very prominent; petiolules 2 to
3 mm long. Infructescences axillary, long-peduncled, about as
long as the leaves, narrowly pyramidal, fruit bearing only in
the upper one-third, the primary branches at most 3 cm long,
spreading. Fruits globose or depressed-globose, pale-brownish
when dry, 1.5 to 2 cm in diameter, puberulent, smooth, indehis-
cent, usually containing two seeds.
Luzon, Ilocos Sur Province, Tineg, Lagayan, For. Bur. 25467 Paraiso,
March 20, 1915, on slopes, altitude about 300 meters, locally known as
palatangan.
A species closely allied to Chisocheton philippinus Harms., from which
it is distinguished by its much smaller, very prominently nerved leaflets.
DYSOXYLUM Blume
DYSOXYLUM HEXANDRUM sp. nov. § Eudysoxylum.
Arbor, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis alternis, 30 ad
80 cm longis, foliolis alternis vel superioribus suboppositis, char-
taceis, olivaceis, in siccitate utrinque minutissime verruculosis,
oblongis ad oblongo-ovatis vel oblongo-ellipticis, plerumque cir-
298 The Philippine Journal of Science
citer 20 cm longis, acuminatis, nervis utrinque 9 ad 12, perspi-
cuis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, depauperato-paniculatis, 12 ad
20 cm longis, ramis paucis ; floribus 4-meris, circiter 1 cm longis,
petalis extus pubescentibus, liberis; antheris 6; ovario pubes-
cente.
A tree, at least 6 m high, probably higher, glabrous except
the inflorescences. Branches grayish to brownish, the ultimate
ones 5 to 10 mm in diameter. Leaves alternate, distant, 30 to
80 cm long; leaflets alternate, or the upper ones subopposite,
chartaceous, olivaceous and rather dull when dry, both surfaces
minutely verruculose, oblong to oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic,
15 to 30 cm long (mostly about 20 cm), 6 to 11 cm wide; lateral
nerves 9 to 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent, somewhat
curved, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations nearly obsolete.
Panicles axillary, cinereous-pubescent, sparingly branched, 12
to 20 cm long, the lower branches 6 cm long or less. Flowers
white, 4-merous, their pedicels 2 to 4 mm long. Calyx some-
what pubescent, 3 mm in diameter, shallow, somewhat 4-angled,
obscurely 4-toothed. Petals 4, narrowly oblong, obtuse, pubes-
cent externally, 10 mm long, 2.5 to 2.8 mm wide, free. Staminal-
tube cylindric, glabrous on both surfaces, 9 mm long, crenulate.
Anthers 6, about 1 mm long, included, inserted near the top of
the tube. Disk cylindric, glabrous, crenulate, 3 to 3.5 mm long.
Ovary ovoid, pubescent; style pubescent, about 7 mm long.
Fruit obovoid, reddish-yellow, brown when dry, rather hard,
6 to 7 cm long, 5 to 6 cm in diameter.
Catanduanes, Bur. Sci. 3021k (type), 30272 Ramos, November, 1917,
in forests. Samar, Catubig River, Bur. Sci. 21392 Ramos, February, 1916,
with the Visayan name dalaganan.
This species greatly resembles Dysoxylum platypliyllum Merr. in its
vegetative and inflorescence characters, but is readily distinguished by its
petals being pubescent outside and glabrous within; its entirely glabrous
staminal tube; its six anthers; and its minutely and uniformly verruculose
leaflets.
DYSOXYLUM ILOCANUM sp. nov. § Eudysoxylum.
Arbor parva, ramulis et foliis et inflorescentiis plus minusve
griseo-puberulis vel pubescentibus ; foliis alternis, circiter 25 cm
longis, foliolis 6 vel 8, oppositis, oblongo-ellipticis vel subellip-
ticis, usque ad 10 cm longis, subcoriaceis, in siccitate pallidis,
basi rotundatis, leviter inaequilateralibus, apice obtusis ad ob-
scure acuminatis, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 14, subtus
valde perspicuis ; inflorescentiis axillaribus, solitariis, 5 ad
7 cm longis, racemosis vel depauperato-paniculatis; floribus 4-
meris, circiter 7 mm longis, petalis liberis, ovario pubescente.
A small tree, rather prominently grayish-puberulent or pubes-
xm, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 299
cent. Branches terete, the ultimate ones about 5 mm in dia-
meter, pale-brownish, pubescent, the branchlets very densely
and uniformly grayish-pubescent with short hairs, a similar
indumentum on the petioles, petiolules, and inflorescences.
Leaves alternate, about 25 cm long, the leaflets opposite, 3 or
4 pairs, pale when dry, oblong-elliptic to subelliptic, subcoria-
ceous, mostly 8 to 10 cm long and 4 to 5.5 cm wide, base some-
what inequilateral, rounded, apex obtuse to obscurely acuminate,
the upper surface glabrous except for the pubescent midrib,
the midrib and lateral nerves on the lower surface sparingly
pilose with spreading hairs ; lateral nerves somewhat impressed
on the upper surface, very prominent on the lower surface,
about 14 on each side of the midrib, slightly curved, obscurely
anastomosing, the reticulations subobsolete. Inflorescences axil-
lary, solitary, pubescent, 5 to 7 cm long, simple, racemose or
the nodes somewhat projecting and forming a very depauperate,
raceme-like panicle. Flowers about 7 mm long, 4-merous, some-
what crowded at the nodes, their pedicels about 1 mm long.
Calyx-lobes ovate, acute to obtuse, about 1.5 mm long, free nearly
to the base, slightly pubescent. Petals 4, oblong, obtuse, free,
7 mm long, 3 mm wide, externally very obscurely pubescent.
Staminal-tube cylindric, 6 mm long, glabrous, free, obscurely
crenate; anthers 8, 1 mm long, included. Disk cup-shaped, 2
mm long and wide, margins slightly undulate, glabrous outside,
somewhat pubescent inside. Ovary pubescent; style pubescent
in the lower one-half, glabrous above, including the ovary about
6 mm long.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Dilumut, Pasaquin, For. Bur. 25091
Paraiso, February 18, 1916, on slopes, altitude about 300 meters, locally
known as aducag.
A characteristic species belonging in the group with Dysoxylum vrie-
seanurn C. DC. It is most closely allied to Dysoxylum wenzelii Merr., of
Leyte, but is readily distinguishable by its more numerously nerved leaves
and different indumentum.
DYSOXYLUM PANAYENSE sp. nov. § Eudysoxylum.
Arbor circiter 13 m alta, ramulis junioribus et inflorescentiis
dense minuteque cupreo-puberulis; foliis alternis, usque ad 45
cm longis, petiolis et costa et petiolulis in siccitate purpureo-
brunneis; foliolis alternis vel ^uboppositis, circiter 8, oblongis,
subcoriaceis, in siccitate olivaceis, fragilis, utrinque dense ver-
ruculosis, usque ad 14 cm longis, base inaequilateralibus, decur-
rento-acuminatis, apice tenuiter subcaudato-acuminatis, nervis
utrinque circiter 12; inflorescentiis axillaribus, spiciformis, us-
que ad 18 cm longis; floribus fasciculatis, 4-meris, breviter
300 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918
pedicellatis, circiter 7 mm longis, petalis extus puberulis, liberis ;
disco cylindrico, crenato, glabro; ovario pubescente, 3-loculare.
A tree about 13 m high, glabrous except the minutely but
densely cupreous-puberulent branchlets, younger parts, and in-
florescences. Branches pale-brownish, about 8 mm in diameter.
Leaves alternate, up to 45 cm in length, the petioles, rachis,
petiolules, and midribs of the leaflets purplish-brown when dry;
leaflets about 8, alternate or subopposite, oblong, subcoriaceous,
brittle when dry, olivaceous, both surfaces densely and minutely
verruculose, 10 to 14 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, base prominently
inequilateral, decurrent-acuminate, apex rather slenderly sub-
caudate-acuminate; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the
midrib, distinct, slightly curved, not anastomosing, the reticula-
tions obsolete. Inflorescences axillary, solitary, up to 18 cm long,
spikelike, the rachis brownish-purple when dry. Flowers
4-merous, white, about 7 mm long, somewhat crowded on the very
slightly produced nodes, their pedicels stout, 1 to 1.5 mm long.
Calyx slightly pubescent, broadly and shallowly 4-toothed, about
2 mm in diameter. Petals oblong, free, 7 mm long, 2 mm wide,
externally puberulent. Staminal-tube cylindric, free, glabrous,
crenate, 6 mm long; anthers 8, about 0.9 mm long. Disk
cylindric, crenate, glabrous, 2 mm long. Ovary narrowly ovoid,
pubescent, 3-celled ; style about 5 mm long.
Panay, Capiz Province, For. Bur. 23951 Hirro, February 13, 1915, in
dipterocarp forests near streams at an altitude of about 400 meters, locally
known as balic.
A species manifestly closely allied to Dysoxylum palawanense Merr.,
which it greatly resembles. It is readily distinguished, however, by its
brownish-purple branchlets, petioles, petiolules, midribs, and inflorescences,
its somewhat caudate-acuminate leaflets, and its cylindric, crenate disk.
VAVAEA Bentham
This genus, long considered to be a typical Polynesian one, is apparently
as well or even better represented in the Malayan region than in Polynesia.
At least one species is widely distributed in the Malay Archipelago, rep-
resented by numerous collections, as yet unidentified, in the Buitenzorg
herbarium. In Java is also found Vavaea bantamensis (Koord. & Val.)
Koord. & Merr., originally described, from fruiting specimens, as a species
of Vitex, while at least eight species are represented in our Philippine
collections. The previously described species are Vavaea amicorum Benth.,
V. harveyi Seem., and V. megaphylla Q. H. Wright, of Fiji and the Friendly
Islands; V. papuana F. M. Bailey, of New Guinea; V. chalmersii C. DC., of
New Guinea; V. pauciflora Volk., of the Caroline Islands; V. bantamensis
Koord. & Merr., of Java; and V. surigaoensis Elm. and V. ardisioides Elm.,
of Mindanao. At least in the Philippines, the species do not appear to be
sharply defined, as in some cases specimens are found presenting inter-
mediate characters between rather distinct types.
xiii, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 301
VAVAEA AMICORUM Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2 (1843) 212;
A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 44, t. 16, f. B.
LUZON, Zambales Province, For. Bur. 6503 Aguilar, Hallier s. n. :
Nueva Ecija Province, For. Bur. 22354 Alvarez, Bur. Sci. 12316 Foxworthy :
Batangas Province, For. Bur. 7680 Merritt & Curran. Mindoro, For. Bur.
9811 Merritt. Negros, For. Bur. 22892 Vergara & Cardona. Samar, For.
Bur. 22688 Oro, Bur. Sci. 17574 Ramos. Basilan, Bur. Sci. 16312 Reillo,
For. Bur. 9524 Hutchinson. Jolo, For. Bur. 22532 Klemme. Palawan,
Elmer 12970, as Vavaea harveyi Seem.
My conception of Vavaea amicorum Benth. is based on the descriptions
and Gray’s figure cited above. The Philippine specimens, some of which
have been referred to Vavaea harveyi Seem., appear to me to agree much
better with the characters of Bentham’s species than with Seemann’s.
VAVAEA SURIGAOENSIS Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 8 (1915) 2768.
In addition to the two specimens cited by Mr. Elmer in the original
description, I refer here the following:
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Bur. Sci. 20846 Escritor, Bur. Sci. 13208 Fox-
worthy & Ramos, Bur. Sci. 19414, 19470 Ramos. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17482
Ramos. Mindanao, Surigao Province, Placer, Ahern 405.
The species is very closely allied to both Vavaea harveyi Seem, and V.
amicorum Benth. and is by no means always easy to distinguish from the
latter as interpreted above.
VAVAEA ARD1S10I DES Elm. Lead. Philip. Bot. 8 (1915) 2767.
This is very similar to Vavaea amicorum Benth., but with much smaller
leaves.
VAVAEA RETUSA sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 15 m alta, partibus junioribus et inflorescentiis
exceptis glabra; foliis obovatis, perspicue retusis, basi angusta-
tis, acutis, usque ad 12 cm longis, nervis utrinque 8 ad 10, rectis,
distinctis ; inflorescentiis axillaribus, solitariis, pedunculatis,
circiter 4 cm longis, fructibus parcissime pilosis.
A tree about 15 m high. Branches terete, brownish or gray-
ish, wrinkled when dry, glabrous, the branchlets rather promin-
ently pubescent with subappressed olivaceous-brownish hairs,
a similar indumentum on the petioles and inflorescence. Leaves
chartaceous, obovate, pale when dry, shining, glabrous, or the
midrib sparingly pubescent, 6 to 12 cm long, 5 to 7.5 cm wide,
base broadly rounded and prominently retuse, gradually nar-
rowed from about the upper one-third to the acute base; lateral
nerves 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, straight, slightly
ascending, distinct; petioles about 8 mm long. Cymes axillary,
solitary, in fruit about 4 cm long, pubescent, each bearing few
fruits, the branches few, short. Persistent calyx pubescent
externally, the teeth broad, acute. Fruits subglobose, purplish
when fresh, brownish when dry, about 8 mm in diameter,
externally very sparingly pubescent.
302 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
Negros, Malabunhao, near San Carlos, For. Bur. 23^02 Contreras, July
15, 1914, in rocky soil in the hills, altitude about 200, meters, locally known
as saguibunon.
This species is characterized especially by its strongly obovate, broadly
rounded, and very prominently retuse leaves. It is manifestly very closely
allied to Vavaea amicorum Benth. and V. harveyi Seem.
VAVAEA PILOSA sp. nov.
Arbor parva, partibus junioribus et inflorescentiis et foliis
praesertim subtus ad costa nervisque perspicue subferrugineo
ciliato-pilosis ; foliis firme chartaceis, in siccitate pallidis, obova-
tis ad oblong-obovatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, apice acutis, brevi-
ter acuminatis, vel subrotundatis, basi angustatis, cuneatis,
nervis utrinque circiter 15, curvatis, perspicuis ; inflores-
centiis dense pubescentibus, axillaribus, numerosis, longe pe-
dunculatis, circiter 10 cm longis; floribus 8 ad 10 mm longis,
petalis puberulis, filamentis dense pilosis.
A small tree, apparently deciduous, the inflorescences usually
appearing with the young leaves, the younger parts, inflores-
cences, and the leaves beneath prominently ciliate-pilose with
spreading subferruginous hairs. Branches terete, brownish,
glabrous, the branchlets marked with prominent petiolar scars,
densely pubescent. Leaves crowded at the apices of the branch-
lets, obovate to oblong-obovate, 11 to 20 cm long, 5 to 9 cm
wide, firmly chartaceous, pale when dry, shining, the apex acute,
somewhat acuminate, or sometimes rounded or obtuse, base
gradually narrowed, cuneate, the midrib on the upper surface
rather densely pubescent, otherwise glabrous, or the nerves with
few scattered hairs, the lower surface rather softly and densely
pubescent with spreading hairs especially on the midrib and
lateral nerves; lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the mid-
rib, prominent, somewhat curved, anastomosing ; petioles densely
pubescent, 1 to 1.5 cm long. Cymes numerous, solitary, in the
upper axils, about 10 cm long, densely pubescent, long-peduncled,
the flower-bearing portion usually less than 3 cm long, the
branches few, somewhat spreading, the inflorescences rarely
exceeding 5 cm in diameter. Flowers white or yellowish-white,
4- and 5-merous. Calyx densely pubescent, about 4 mm long,
the lobes 4 or 5, acute, 1 to 2 mm long. Petals 4 or 5, oblong,
obtuse, puberulent externally, 8 to 10 mm long. Staminal-tube
1.5 to 2 mm long, glabrous externally; stamens 10 or 12, alter-
nate ones slightly shorter than the others, the free parts of the
filaments densely pubescent, about 2 mm long; anthers ovoid,
about 0.5 mm long. Ovary ovoid, pubescent, 3-, sometimes 4-
celled; style rather stout, about 4 mm long. Fruit subovoid,
t
xiii, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 303
brownish when dry, about 8 mm long, externally very slightly
pubescent.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bosoboso, Montalban, and Tanay, For. Bur. 309 4
(type), 3391 Ahern’s collector, Merrill 2652, 2329, Bur. Sci. 2135 Ramos,
Loher 6172: Bulacan Province, Angat, Bur. Sci. 22302 Ramos. Apparently
referable here are Phil. PI. 1589 Ramos, from Camarines Province; Merrill
9647, from Benguet Subprovince; For. Bur. 20189 Aguilar, from Tayabas
Province; and For. Bur. 14872 Darling, from Nueva Vizcaya Province,
Luzon.
A species not strikingly different from Vavaea amicorum Benth., dis-
tinguished, however, by its prominent indumentum, which is composed of
subferruginous, spreading, ciliate-pilose hairs.
VAVAEA HETEROPHYLLA sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 12 m alta, partibus junioribus et inflorescentiis
exceptis glabra; foliis confertis, majoribus obovatis, usque ad
15 cm Iongis, apice latissime rotundatis, nervis utrinque circiter
8, minoribus oblongis ad obovatis, 2 ad 6 cm Iongis, omnibus
breviter petiolatis; inflorescentiis in axillis superioribus, longe
pedunculatis, cymosis, circiter 10 cm Iongis; petalis 1 cm Iongis;
filamentis plerumque 12, intus densissime villosis, tubo glabro,
2 mm longo.
A tree about 12 m high, the younger parts and inflorescences
more or less pubescent. Branches reddish-brown, rugose, 6 to
8 mm in diameter, glabrous, the branchlets somewhat cinereous-
pubescent. Leaves crowded at the apices of the branchlets, very
diverse in size, the larger ones broadly obovate, 8 to 15 cm long
with about 8 pairs of primary nerves, apex broadly rounded,
gradually narrowed below to the acute or subacute base, the
smaller ones oblong to obovate, 2 to 6 cm long, all chartaceous,
pale to brownish when dry, glabrous or the younger ones some-
what pubescent along the midrib on both surfaces, the lower
surface somewhat puncticulate ; petioles pubescent, 4 mm long
or less. Cymes in the uppermost axils, long-peduncled, 9 to 11
cm long, more or less pubescent, many-flowered, each cyme
about 4 cm in diameter. Flowers pinkish-white, fragrant.
Calyx pubescent, about 4 mm in diameter, usually 5-angled or
toothed. Petals 5, oblong, puberulent, about 10 mm long, 3 to
4 mm wide. Staminal-tube glabrous, about 2 mm high, the
filaments usually 12, 2.5 to 3 mm long, the alternate ones slightly
shorter than the others, densely villous inside. Ovary and style
pubescent, the latter 5 to 5.5 mm long; stigma capitate.
Luzon, Camarines Province, Paracale, Casalongan, For. Bur. 27062
Magistrado, May 12, 1917, on forested slopes, altitude about 20 meters,
with the local name pinganpingan.
This species is well characterized by its short-petioled, chartaceous
304 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
leaves, which are truncately rounded at the apex and which vary exceed-
ingly in size and somewhat in shape. It is apparently most closely allied
to Vavaea pachyphylla Merr., but its leaves are entirely different in texture
and have much shorter petioles than is the case with the latter species.
VAVAEA PACHYPHYLLA sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor parva, ramis incrassatis, partibus junioribus
et inflorescentiis plus minusve adpresse f ulvo-pubescentibus ;
foliis crasse coriaceis, obovatis, usque ad 13 cm longis, apice
latissime rotundatis, basi acutis, nitidis, nervis utrinque 7 vel
8, perspicuis, subtus ad costa nervisque pubescentibus ; cymis
sub fructu longe pedunculatis, parvis, 2.5 ad 3.5 cm diametro,
fructibus glabris, ovoideis, circiter 1 cm longis.
A shrub or small tree (2 to 3 m high fide Ramos) , the branches
stout, brown, about 1 cm in diameter, the branchlets 5 to 7 mm
in diameter, or sometimes as thick as the branches, often marked
with numerous petiolar scars, glabrous except the growing tip
which is rather densely pubescent with pale-fulvous appressed
hairs. Leaves thickly coriaceous, rather pale when dry, obovate
to broadly obovate, 9 to 13 cm long, 6 to 9 cm wide, shining,
the apex broadly rounded, the base narrowed, acute, the upper
surface smooth, glabrous except for the pubescent midrib, the
lower surface distinctly reticulate, the veinlets raised, appressed-
pubescent on the midrib and lateral nerves; nerves 7 or 8 on
each side of the midrib, very prominent, curved, anastomosing;
petioles stout, pubescent, 1 to 1.5 cm long. Fruiting peduneles
axillary, solitary, 8 to 10 cm long, sparingly pubescent, the cymes
2.5 to 3.5 cm long and wide, the bracts subtending the primary
branches oblong, pubescent, up to 1 cm in length. Primary
branches few, stout, somewhat pubescent. Fruits ovoid, glab-
rous, about 1 cm long, the persistent calyx appressed-pubescent
with pale-fulvous hairs.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28816 Ramos &
Edano, May 11, 1917, in the mossy forest, altitude apparently about 1,000
meters. I refer here without hesitation Bur. Sci. 28757 Ramos & Edano,
from the same locality, a specimen with juvenile, yet thickly coriaceous,
leaves 5 to 6 cm in length, and rather densely pubescent inflorescences with
very young flowers.
The species is a most characteristic one and is readily distinguishable
by its very thickly coriaceous, obovate leaves which are broadly rounded
at their apices.
BURSERACEAE
CANARIUM Linnaeus
CANARIUM MICROPHYLLUM sp. nov. § Choriandra.
Arbor parva, plus minusve puberulis vel pubescentibus; foliis
usque ad 17 cm longis, foliolis circiter 11, parvis, oblongo-ovatis,
xiii, c, 6 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 305
chartaceis, integris, usque ad 5 cm longis, apice tenuiter sub-
caudato-acuminatis, basi acutis, inaequilateralibus, nervis utrin-
que circiter 8, perspicuis; inflorescentiis $ axillaribus, circiter
6 cm longis, racemosis, floribus ad nodis fasciculatis ; calycis
parce cinereo-pubescentibus, 3 mm longis, 3-lobatis; staminibus
6, liberis ; disco villoso.
A small tree, 5 m high ficle Ramos, the branchlets, inflorescen-
ces, and parts of the leaves puberulent, the tips of the branchlets
also rather densely villous. Branches glabrous, terete, brown-
ish, the ultimate ones 3 to 4 mm in diameter. Leaves alternate,
about 17 cm long, the rachis and petiole puberulent as are the
midribs on both surfaces and nerves beneath; leaflets usually
11, oblong-ovate, chartaceous, brownish-olivaceous, shining, 4
to 5 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, inequilateral, entire, the apex
slenderly subcaudate-acuminate, the acumen blunt, base acute;
primary nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, prominent,
curved, anastomosing; petiolules 3 to 5 mm long; stipules none.
Inflorescences in the uppermost axils, about 6 cm long, slender,
somewhat pubescent, the flowers fascicled at the nodes in the
upper part, their pedicels 1 to 1.5 mm long, pubescent. Calyx
about 5 mm long, the lobes 3, broadly ovate, obtuse, slightly
pubescent. Stamens 6, inserted outside of the villous disk, free.
Catanduanes, Bur. Sci. 30351 Ramos, December 10, 1917, in forests back
of Calolbong at low altitudes.
This species is well characterized by its unusually small, entire, slenderly
subcaudate-acuminate leaflets, these being distinctly smaller than are those
of any other described Philippine species. It is closely allied to Canarium
euryphyllum Perk., differing in its indumentum and in its smaller leaves;
Canarium euryphyllum Perk, is entirely glabrous.
SANTIRIA Blume
SANTIRIA ELLI PTI FOLIA sp. nov.
Arbor glabra, circiter 20 m alta; foliis alternis, usque ad 35
cm longis, foliolis 9 ad 13, subcoriaceis, ellipticis ad oblongo-
ellipticis, olivaceis, nitidis, usque ad 16 cm longis, apice obtusis
ad latissime et breviter acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel truncatis,
saepe plus minusve inaequilateralibus, nervis utrinque circiter
11, patulis, curvatis, distinctis; paniculis axillaribus, solitariis,
circiter 20 cm longis, e basi ramosis, amplis, multifloris ; floribus
parvis, petalis ovatis, circiter 2.8 mm longis.
A glabrous tree about 20 m high, the ultimate branches terete,
brownish, lenticellate, about 8 mm in diameter. Leaves alter-
nate, up to 35 cm in length, the rachis dark reddish-brown;
leaflets 9 to 11, opposite, subcoriaceous, elliptic to oblong-elliptic,
entire, 9 to 16 cm long, 4.5 to 7 cm wide, olivaceous when dry,
306 17 te Philippine Journal of Science ms
shining, the apex obtuse to broadly and shortly acuminate, base
rounded to truncate, often inequilateral; primary nerves about
11 on each side of the midrib, slender but distinct, spreading,
curved, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct on the lower
surface; petiolules 2 to 2.5 cm long. Panicles axillary, solitary,
branched at or from near the base, up to 20 cm long, the primary
branches up to 10 cm in length. Flowers numerous, greenish-
yellow, fragrant, the buds obovoid. Calyx with three very short
rounded teeth. Petals ovate, about 2.8 mm long and 2 mm wide.
Stamens 6, their filaments about 1 mm long, inserted outside
of the conspicuous disk which is about 1.5 mm in diameter and
6-angled.
Luzon, Camarines Province, Paracale, For. Bur. 27097 Alambra, March
22, 1918, in dipterocarp forests, altitude about 50 meters.
Among the Philippine species this form is well characterized by its
elliptic to oblong-elliptic leaflets and its ample inflorescences.
CELASTRACEAE
MICROTROPIS Wallich
M1CROTROPIS PHILIPPINENS1S sp. nov.
Frutex glaber, ramis teretibus, ramulis leviter compressis et
obscure sulcatis ad distincte 4-angulatis ; foliis chartaceis,
oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 11 cm longis, in siccitate pallidis,
nitidis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, acuminatis, nervis
primariis utrinque 6 ad 8, distantibus, arcuato-anastomosanti-
bus; cymis axillaribus, ut videtur paucifloris, breviter peduncu-
latis; fructibus oblongo-ovoideis, circiter 1.5 cm longis, acumina-
tis, sepalis 5, persistentibus reniformibus, 2.5 ad 3 mm latis.
A glabrous shrub, the branches terete, the branchlets some-
what compressed and obscurely sulcate to distinctly 4-angled,
reddish-brown. Leaves opposite, chartaceous, pale when dry,
shining, in general oblong-elliptic, acuminate and subequally
narrowed at both ends, 8 to 11 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide; primary
lateral nerves 6 to 8 on each side of the midrib, distant, lax,
rather distinct on the lower surface, arched-anastomosing, the
reticulations lax; petioles 8 to 10 mm long. Cymes axillary, few-
flowered, shortly peduncled, usually dichotomously branched, the
two primary branches each bearing a single fruit, the peduncles
5 cm long or less, the branches somewhat shorter than the
peduncles. Persistent sepals 5, reniform, rounded or retuse,
about 2 mm long, 2.5 to 3 mm wide. Fruits reddish-yellow
when fresh, when dry dark reddish-brown, oblong-ovoid, pro-
minently acuminate, about 1.5 cm long, 5 to 8 mm in diameter.
xiii, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 307
Catanduanes, Mount Mariguidon, Bur. Sci. 80580 Ramos, November 30,
1917, on forested slopes.
This is the third species of the genus to be found in the Philippines,
and is most closely allied to Microtropis platyphylla Merr., from which it
is distinguished by its smaller, differently shaped, and f ewer-nerved leaves;
and by its short-peduncled, few-flowered cymes.
VITACEAE
LEE A Linnaeus
LEEA PAPILLOSA sp. nov.
Frutex circiter 2 m altus, ramis et petiolis et rhachibus et
inflorescentiis perspicue firmiter papillosis, papillis rigidis, sim-
plicibus vel furcatis, usque ad 2 mm longis; foliis tripinnatis,
usque ad 60 cm longis, foliolis chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, oblon-
gis, usque ad 18 cm longis, subabrupte caudato-acuminatis, mar-
gine perspicue serratis; infructescentiis amplis, laxis, diffusis,
usque ad 25 cm longis, pedunculatis ; fructibus globosis, glabris,
in siccitate nigris, plus minusve rugosis, circiter 8 mm diametro,
calycis lobis 5, subpersistentibus.
A shrub about 2 m high, the branches, branchlets, petioles,
rachises and secondary rachises of the leaves, and the inflores-
cences conspicuously papillate, the papillae numerous, stiff, rigid,
simple or forked, up to 2 mm long, all these parts dark-brown
when dry, the ultimate branches about 5 mm in diameter.
Leaves tripinnate, up to 60 cm long, the primary pinnae few,
usually 4 or 5, the lower ones up to 35 cm in length. Leaflets
in general oblong, firmly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, 9 to 18
cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide, glabrous except the midrib beneath,
which is usually supplied with scattered tufts of short hairs and
with small papillae, rather pale-olivaceous, shining, the apex
rather abruptly caudate-acuminate, the acumen slender, blunt,
1.5 to 2 cm long, the base usually rounded; lateral nerves 8 to
12 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing, the
reticulations prominent. Infructescences diffuse, lax, up to 25
cm in length, their peduncles about 5 cm long, all parts papillate
with processes similar to those on the petioles and branches.
Fruits globose, glabrous, black and somewhat rugose when dry,
about 8 mm in diameter, the subpersistent calyx-lobes 5.
Catanduanes, Bur. Sci. 20338 Ramos, December 8, 1917, along small
streams in forests back of Calolbong at low altitudes.
This species is remarkable for the numerous, short, simple or forked,
stiff, rigid papillae or papilla-like protuberances on the branches, branchlets,
leaves, and inflorescences, in this particular character differing from all
other described species of the genus known to me.
308 The Philippine Journal of Science 1913
STERCULIACEAE
FIRM I AN A Marsigli
FIRM I AN A SIMPLEX (Linn.) W. F. Wight in U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PI.
Ind. Bull. 142 (1909) 67.
Hibiscus simplex Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1763) 977.
Sterculia platanifolia Linn. f. Suppl. (1781) 423.
Luzon, Pangasinan Province, Mount San Isidro, Labrador, Bur. Sci.
2,9858 Fenix, November 6, 1917, in forests, altitude about 400 meters,
locally known as bitnong.
The specimen is in flower and presents immature leaves, which are
glabrous and considerably smaller than are those on our Chinese material.
The tree is manifestly deciduous, the new leaves appearing with the flowers.
I can see no reason, in the absence of more complete material, and especially
mature leaves and fruits, for distinguishing this Philippine form from this
well-known Chinese and Japanese species. In floral characters it conforms
very closely with material from southern China.
DILLENIACEAE
SAURAUIA Willdenow
SAURAUIA OLIGOPHLEBIA sp. nov.
Frutex, ramulis, petiolis, et pedicellis dense adpresse paleaceis ;
foliis chartaceis, oblongis, usque ad 8 cm longis, supra brunneo-
olivaceis, nitidis, ad costa nervisque breviter adpresse setosis,
subtus pallidioribus, apice breviter acuminatis, basi acutis ad
obtusis, margine denticulato-setosis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6;
floribus axillaribus, solitariis, breviter pedicellatis, ebracteatis,
circiter 2 cm diametro, sepalis ovato-ellipticis, exterioribus acu-
tis, dense subpatule setosis, interioribus subpetaloideis, obtusis;
ovario glabro; stylis 3, liberis.
A shrub about 1 m high, the branchlets, petioles, and pedicels
rather densely appressed-paleaceous with oblong, obtuse to acu-
minate, 0.5 to 1.2 mm long, thick scales, with similar ones on
the midrib and nerves on both surfaces of the leaves. Leaves
oblong, chartaceous, 5 to 8 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm wide, the upper
surface brownish-olivaceous, shining, the lower paler, here also
with scales on the reticulations, the apex shortly acuminate,
base acute to obtuse, margins denticulate-setose; lateral nerves
5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, prominent, the reticulations
distinct; petioles 0.5 to 1 cm long. Flowers axillary, solitary,
white, ebracteate, about 2 cm in diameter, their pedicels 5 to 8
mm long. Sepals ovate-elliptic, about 8 mm long, the outer two
densely setose on the back, acute, the inner three more or less
petaloid, thinner, rounded, setose only on the exposed parts, the
setae somewhat spreading, thick, lanceolate, acuminate, up to
/
/
xiii, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 309
3 mm in length. Petals irregularly retuse. Stamens 20. Ovary
globose, glabrous; styles 3, free, about 4 mm long.
Catanduanes, Bur. Sci. 30323 Ramos, December 10, 1917, in forests back
of Calolbong.
This species apparently belongs in the group with Saurauia oligantha
Merr. and S. sparsiflora Elm., differing from both in numerous characters,
notably in its much larger flowers and densely setose sepals.
THEACEAE
TERNSTROEM I A Mutis
TERNSTROEM I A MEGACARPA sp. nov.
Arbor glabra, circiter 12 m alta; foliis crasse coriaceis, in
siccitate brunneis, oblongo-ellipticis ad obovato-oblongis, usque
ad 30 cm longis et 11 cm latis, apice breviter obtuseque acumin-
atis, basi cuneatis, nervis utrinque circiter 15, sat distinctis;
floribus axillaribus, longe pedicellatis, pedicellis 4 ad 10 cm
longis; fructibus ovoideis, circiter 6 cm longis; seminibus oblon-
gis, utrinque obtusis, circiter 3 cm longis.
A glabrous tree about 12 m high. Branches terete, grayish-
brown, wrinkled when dry. Leaves thickly coriaceous, brown
when dry, slightly shining, oblong-elliptic to obovate-oblong, 16
to 30 cm long, 7 to 11 cm wide, apex broadly and shortly blunt-
acuminate, base narrowed, cuneate, the lower surface somewhat
verruculose, not black-puncticulate or glandular; lateral nerves
about 15 on each side of the midrib, rather distinct; petioles
stout, about 2 cm long. Flowers axillary, dioecious, solitary,
long-pedicelled, the pedicels rather stout, 4 to 10 cm long. Calyx
lobes orbicular, thickly coriaceous, about 1 cm in diameter.
Stamens indefinite, crowded, the anthers about 1.5 cm long.
Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, about 6 cm long and 4 cm in
diameter, brown when dry, the pericarp brittle-coriaceous, glab-
rous. Seeds oblong, rounded at both ends, crimson when fresh,
about 3 cm long.
Mindanao, Lanao District, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n. (type)
and 959, collected in March, June, July, and September, 1907.
This species is distinguished from Temstroemia philippinensis Merr. by
its larger, more prominently nerved leaves which are not black-glandular
or puncticulate on the lower surface, and its long-peduncled flowers and
fruits. Its alliance with the extra-Philippine species appears to be with
Temstroemia penangiana Choisy, to which it is not closely allied, and T.
robinsonii Merr., of Amboina.
EURYA Thunberg
EURYA PACHYPHYLLA sp. nov.
Arbor parva, 4 ad 5 m alta, glabra; foliis coriaceis, ellipticis
ad oblongo-ellipticis, brunneo-olivaceis, nitidis, usque ad 5 cm
310 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
longis, nervis cum venularum reti utrinque distinctis, basi acutis,
apice breviter acuminatis, acuminis retusis; petiolo 4 ad 5 mm
longo; floribus axillaribus, solitariis vel binis, breviter pedicel-
latis, sepalis omnino glabris; stylis 3, paene liberis.
A small glabrous tree 4 to 5 m high, the branches and branch-
lets terete, smooth, reddish-brown, the ultimate branchlets slen-
der, 1 mm in diameter or less, the internodes mostly about 1
cm long. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 4 to 5
cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base
and to the shortly acuminate apex, the apex retuse, margins
minutely crenulate-serrulate, the nerves and reticulations dis-
tinct on both surfaces, the primary lateral nerves 7 to 9 on each
side of the midrib, scarcely more prominent than are the second-
ary nerves and primary reticulations, freely anastomosing;
petioles 4 to 5 mm long. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs,
their pedicels 2 mm long or less. Sepals glabrous, orbicular to
subreniform, retuse, the outer ones about 2 mm, the inner 3 mm
in diameter. Fruits globose, 5 mm in diameter; styles 3, nearly
free, about 1 mm long.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Dingalan, Bur. Sci. 26525 Ramos &
Edano (type), September 10, 1916, in forests, altitude about 200 meters:
Camarines Province, Mount Calinigan, For. Bur. 21699 Miranda, April
24, 1914, in forests, altitude about 700 meters.
A species in the general alliance with Eurya japonica Thunb., but dis-
tinguished by many characters, notably in its thicker, prominently and
rather densely reticulate leaves. Among the Philippine species it is most
closely allied to Eurya coriacea Merr., from which it is distinguished by its
shorter petioles and much smaller, entirely glabrous sepals.
EURYA PACH YRH ACHIS sp. nov.
Arbor parva, circiter 5 m alta, glabra, ramis et ramulis cras-
sis, internodiis brevibus, circiter 5 mm longis; foliis crasse
coriaceis, ellipticis ad ovato-ellipticis, olivaceis vel brunneo-
olivaceis, nitidis, usque ad 6 cm longis, aequilateralibus, basi obtu-
sis, apice breviter acuminatis, acuminis retusis, margine minute
crenulato-serrulatis, nervis utrinque 7 ad 9, tenuibus, distinctis,
anastomosantibus ; petiolo 3 ad 5 mm longo; inflorescentiis axil-
laribus et e axilis defoliatis, rhachibus crassis, 2 ad 4 mm longis,
cicatribus multis instructis, ad apice 1- vel 2-floris ; floribus bre-
vissime pedicellatis, sepalis margine minute ciliatis; stylis 3, us-
que ad ^ connatis.
A small tree, about 5 m high, entirely glabrous except the
minutely ciliate margins of the sepals. Branches and branchlets
dark-gray, rather stout, the ultimate branchlets 2 to 3 mm in
diameter, the internodes short, usually 5 mm long or less.
xiii, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 311
Leaves thickly coriaceous, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 3.5 to 6 cm
long, 2.3 to 3 cm wide, shining, olivaceous or brownish-olivaceous,
base obtuse to rounded, apex shortly acuminate, the acumen
retuse, margins minutely crenulate-serrulate ; lateral nerves 7 to
9 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct, anastomosing, the
reticulations distinct ; petioles 3 to 5 mm long. Racemes axillary,
and in the axils of fallen leaves, solitary, the rachis stout, 2 to
4 mm long, marked with numerous scars of fallen pedicels, each
bearing at one time one or two flowers at the apex, subsessile
or the pedicels 1 to 1.5 mm long. Sepals orbicular to reniform,
the inner ones up to 2 mm long and 3.5 mm wide, their margins
ciliate. Ovary ovoid, glabrous ; styles 3, about 2 mm long, united
for one-half their length.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Dingalan, Bur. Sci. 26579 Ramos &
Edano, September 9, 1916, in forests, altitude about 200 meters.
A species resembling Eurya coriacea Merr., but with shorter petioles
and an entirely different inflorescence. The short, stout, scarred rachis
of the axillary racemes is characteristic.
DIPTEROCARPACEAE
VATICA Linnaeus
VATICA PACHYPHYLLA sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 20 m alta; foliis crasse coriaceis, ellipticis ad
oblongo-ellipticis, glabris, olivaceis, nitidis, usque ad 14 cm longis
et 8 cm latis, apice acuminatis, basi subacutis ad rotundatis, ner-
vis primariis utrinque circiter 12, subtus prominulis; paniculis
terminalibus, anguste pyramidatis, usque ad 18 cm longis, densis-
sime stellato-furfuraceis, indumento luteo; floribus numerosis;
petalis oblongis, circiter 11 mm longis; antheris 15; ovario
glabro; stylis circiter 0.7 mm longis, glabris, stigmate obscuris-
sime 3-lobato.
A tree about 20 m high, glabrous except the younger parts.
Branches terete, brownish, wrinkled when dry, about 5 mm
in diameter, glabrous or nearly so, the branchlets densely fer-
ruginous-furfuraceous. Leaves thickly coriaceous, elliptic to
oblong-elliptic, 11 to 14 cm long, 5 to 8 cm wide, the apex rather
prominently acuminate, base acute to rounded, when dry oliva-
ceous, shining, the very young ones more or less stellate-puberu-
lent, the indumentum caducous, the leaves soon entirely glabrous ;
lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent,
curved, the reticulations not conspicuous; petioles 1.5 to 2 cm
long, when young densely and minutely furfuraceous, in age
glabrous or nearly so. Panicles terminal, pyramidal, up to 18
cm in length, the lower branches up to 9 cm in length, all parts
157684 4
312 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
densely stellate-furfuraceous, the indumentum usually lemon-
yellow, on the younger parts shading to pale-gray. Flowers
numerous. Sepals oblong, obtuse, about 4 mm long and 1 to
1.5 mm wide, densely pale-gray puberulent. Petals narrowly
oblong, about 11 mm long, 3 mm wide, densely puberulent. Sta-
mens 15, the anthers less than 1 mm long. Ovary subglobose,
glabrous ; style 0.7 mm long or less, glabrous ; stigma subcapitate,
very obscurely 3-lobed.
Luzon, Camarines Province, Paracale, Cabcabin, For. Bur. 27102
Alambra, March 12, 1918, in dipterocarp forests of the yacal-lauan type,
altitude about 40 meters, with the local name hagachac na itirn.
This species is well characterized by its elliptic, thickly coriaceous leaves,
from which it is readily distinguished from the other Philippine forms of
the genus. The ferruginous indumentum of the young branchlets and the
lemon-yellow to pale-gray indumentum of the inflorescences are charac-
teristic.
THYMELAEACEAE
W I KSTROE M I A Endlicher
W I KSTROEM I A FENICIS sp. nov.
Frutex circiter 2 m altus, inflorescentiis parcissime pubescen-
tibus exceptis glaber ; foliis lanceolatis ad ovato-lanceolatis, char-
taceis, usque ad 13 cm longis, olivaceis, utrinque nitidis, sursum
angustatis, acuminatis, basi rotundatis ad subacutis, nervis pri-
mariis utrinque circiter 12, distinctis; inflorescentiis terminali-
bus ; floribus sessilibus, confertis, 1 cm longis. Species W.
meyenianae affinis, differt foliis crassioribus, nervis distinctio-
ribus et magis numerosis, et floribus brevioribus.
A shrub about 2 m high, entirely glabrous except the very
sparingly pubescent inflorescences. Branches terete, pale-
brownish, the branchlets slender, brown or somewhat reddish-
brown. Leaves chartaceous, olivaceous, shining, lanceolate to
ovate-lanceolate, 10 to 13 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide, gradually
narrowed upward to the acuminate apex, base rounded to sub-
acute; primary lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the mid-
rib, distinct, raised on the lower surface, anastomosing, the
reticulations distinct; petioles about 3 mm long. Inflorescences
terminal, the racemes forming a somewhat leafy panicle, the
leaves associated with the inflorescence greatly reduced, 2 to 3
cm long. Individual racemes 2 to 3 cm long, each bearing 7 to 10
sessile flowers crowded at the tip of the rachis. Flowers pale-
green, 1 cm long, externally very slightly pubescent with widely
scattered, short, appressed hairs, the perianth-lobes 4, elliptic,
rounded, 2 mm long. Stamens 8, in two series. Ovary oblong-
ovoid, sparingly pubescent at the tip ; style 0.3 mm long.
xiii, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 313
Luzon, Pangasinan Province, Mount San Isidro, Labrador, Bur. Sci.
29843 Fenix, November 10, 1917, in damp forests, altitude about 400 meters.
This species resembles Wikstroemia meyeniana Warb. and is manifestly
allied to it. It differs notably in its thicker, more-prominently and nu-
merously nerved leaves and especially in its shorter flowers.
WIKSTROEMIA BRACHYANTHA sp. nov.
Frutex circiter 2 m altus, ramulis junioribus parce pubescenti-
bus exceptis glaber; foliis lanceolatis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, us-
que ad 12 cm longis, chartaceis, in siccitate plerumque brunneis,
nitidis, basi acutis, apice tenuiter acuminatis, nervis primariis
utrinque 12 ad 15, distinctis, juxta marginem anastomosantibus ;
racemis terminalibus et in axillis superioribus, brevibus, pauci-
floris; floribus breviter pedicellatis, extus parcissime pubescen-
tibus, circiter 6.5 mm longis.
A shrub about 2 m high, glabrous except the sparingly ap-
pressed-pubescent younger branchlets, the branches and branch-
lets terete, dark-brown to reddish-brown when dry. Leaves
rather firmly chartaceous, usually brown or brownish when dry
or the upper surface olivaceous-brownish, shining, the lower
distinctly paler than the upper, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate,
rather distinctly variable even on the same branchlet, 8 to 12
cm long, 1.5 to 4 cm wide, the base acute, the apex slenderly
acuminate; primary lateral nerves 12 to 15 on each side of the
midrib, rather distinct and somewhat projecting on the lower
surface, somewhat ascending, anastomosing close to the margin
with the rather distinct marginal veins, the secondary veins
often about as prominent as the primary ones; petioles about
3 mm long. Racemes terminal, or sometimes also in the upper
axils, solitary, simple, the axis and peduncle 5 mm long or less,
the former with rather numerous scars of fallen pedicels, each
inflorescence presenting but 5 or 6 flowers at one time. Flowers
green, about 6.5 mm long, externally very slightly pubescent,
the lobes 4, subreniform, about 1 mm long and 1.5 mm wide,
their pedicels 1 to 1.5 mm long. Stamens 8. Ovary elongated,
villous at the tip. Glands 2, narrowly oblong, about 1 mm long.
Fruit red, ellipsoid to somewhat obovoid, up to 1 cm long.
CATANDUANES, Bur. Sci. 30392 Ramos (type) , December 2, 1917, in damp
forests near streams at low altitudes. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount
Cadig, Bur. Sci. 25449 Yates, December, 1916; Mount Pular, Bur. Sci.
19438 Ramos, January, 1913.
This species is well characterized by its relatively thick leaves, which
are distinctly variable in shape, but prevailingly lanceolate; its distinct
marginal veins; short inflorescences; and unusually short flowers. It is
perhaps as closely allied to Wikstroemia fenicis Merr. as to any other
species but has entirely different inflorescences and smaller flowers.
314 The Philippine Journal of Science i9i«
BEGONIACEAE
BEGONIA Linnaeus
BEGONIA EDANOII sp. nov § Diploclinium.
Species B. aquatae affinis, differt capsulis multo majoribus,
apice truncatis, basi late rotundatis, usque ad 1.8 cm longis et
1.5 cm latis; petiolo circiter 5 mm longo.
A slender, scandent, glabrous plant growing on tree trunks.
Leaves inequilateral, oblong-ovate, membranaceous, olivaceous,
and shining when dry, 4 to 5 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, base
rounded or obtuse, not at all cordate, apex acuminate, somewhat
falcate, margins rather coarsely and irregularly toothed ; petioles
about 5 mm long. Capsules axillary, usually in pairs, equally
3-winged, truncate at the apex, scarcely narrowed below, the
base broadly rounded; up to 1.7 cm long and 1.5 cm wide;
pedicels slender, about 1.5 cm long.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Mount Susong Dalaga, Bur. Sci. 293 7 i Ramos &
Edano, August 8, 1917, in damp forests.
This species belongs in the characteristic group of Begonia aequata A.
Gray, the type of which was from Mount Maquiling, the other closely allied
forms being Begonia wenzelii Merr., B. lagunensis Elm., and B. elegans
Elm. It differs from Begonia aequata in its very much larger capsules,
and from B. lagunensis Elm., to which it is also closely allied, in its very
short petioles, and somewhat smaller, distinctly differently shaped capsules,
which are not gradually narrowed below but which are abruptly rounded
at the base.
MELASTOMATACEAE
M EM EC Y LON Linnaeus
MEMECYLON ELLI PTI FOLI U M sp. nov. § Eumemecylon.
Arbor circiter 12 m alta, glabra, ramulis teretibus ; foliis ellip-
ticis, sessilibus, coriaceis, usque ad 14 cm longis, utrinque rotun-
datis vel apice latissime et breviter acuminatis, nervis primariis
tenuibus, indistinctis vel interdum subobsoletis, marginalibus
nullis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, brevibus, 1 ad 1.5 cm longis,
breviter pedunculatis ; floribus confertis, calycis infundibulifor-
mibus, 5 mm diametro.
A tree about 12 m high, glabrous throughout. Branches
terete, smooth, grayish, the branchlets brownish, terete, about
2 mm in diameter. Leaves opposite, sessile, elliptic, thickly
coriaceous, yellowish to yellowish-green or brown when dry,
shining, brittle, 9 to 14 cm long, 5 to 6.5 cm wide, subequally
rounded at both ends or the apex very broadly and shortly
acuminate; primary lateral nerves about 20 on each side of the
midrib, slender, indistinct, sometimes obsolete or nearly so, with
xiii. c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 315
no marginal veins. Inflorescences axillary, solitary or fascicled,
1 to 1.5 cm long, cymose, their peduncles 4 mm long or less.
Flowers white, crowded, comparatively large, the funnel-shaped
calyces about 5 mm in diameter, the pedicels usually about 3
mm long.
Luzon, Camarines Province, Paracale, Calaburnay, For. Bur. 27060
Magistrado, July 24, 1917, on slopes, altitude about 100 meters, with the
local name calasgas.
This species greatly resembles Memecylon sessilifolium Merr., but dif-
fers radically in its terete, not prominently 4-angled branches and branch-
lets. Its much more numerous lateral nerves, shorter, dense inflorescences,
and its leaves not narrowed upward distinguish it from Memecylon pachy-
phyllum Merr. to which it is probably most closely allied.
EVERETTIA Merrill
EVERETTIA OCTODONTA sp. noV.
Species E. pulcherrimae similis, differt foliis laevis, glabris,
calycibus 8-dentatis. Arbor, partibus junioribus plus minusve
castaneo-pubescentibus exceptis glabra; foliis subcoriaceis, rigi-
dis, in siccitate viridis, anguste oblongis, longe petiolatis, usque
ad 13 cm longis, nervis primariis utrinque 20 ad 25, patulis,
distinctis, haud prominulis, utrinque acutis vel apice leviter
acuminatis; fructibus turbinatis, circiter 2 cm diametro, calycis
dentibus 8, oblongis ad oblongo-ovatis, acuminatis, usque ad
8 mm longis.
A tree about 6 m high, entirely glabrous except the more
or less castaneous-pubescent very young parts. Branches terete,
glabrous, with few large lenticels. Leaves numerous, subco-
riaceous, rigid, brittle, narrowly oblong, 10 to 13 cm long, 2.5
to 4 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and apex,
or the apex somewhat acuminate, greenish or yellowish-green
and very minutely verruculose when dry, the nerves not at
all impressed or projecting; primary lateral nerves 20 to 25
on each side of the midrib, slender, spreading, anastomosing
close to the margin with the slender, nearly straight marginal
nerve, distinct, not projecting; petioles 3 to 4 cm long. Infruc-
tescence terminal, peduncled, the fruits few, turbinate, about
2 cm in diameter, base truncate-rounded, the tube scarcely con-
stricted, the persistent teeth 8, coriaceous, oblong to oblong-
ovate, acuminate, often somewhat recurved, up to 8 mm in length.
Catanduanes, in forests at 'low altitudes along the Santo Domingo
River, Bur. Sci. 30556 Ramos, December 3, 1917.
While in general appearance this species resembles Everettia pulcherrima
Merr., the only other known species of the genus, it differs radically in that
the nerves are not at all impressed or raised, while the calyx is prominently
8-toothed.
316 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
ARALIACEAE
ACANTHOPHORA genus novum
Calycis margo 5- vel 6-dentatus. Petala 5 vel 6, imbricata,
acuta vel obtusa, basi lata affixa. Stamina 5 vel 6; filamenta
filiformia ; antherae ovoidae, in alabastro inflexae. • Discus con-
vexus. Ovarium 5- vel 6-loculare; styli 5 vel 6, erecti, a basi
distincti; stigmata terminalia, parva. Fructus ovoideus, in sic-
citate obtuse 5- vel 6-angulatus. — Frutex alte scandens aculeis
parvis armatus. Folia ampla, alterna, tripinnata. Umbellulae
paniculatae. Pedicelli sub flore articulati. Flores hermaphro-
diti.
ACANTHOPHORA SCANDENS sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, ramis et paniculis et foliis ad petiolo rhachi-
busque primariis et secundariis et'ad costa subtus spinis numero-
sis parvis recurvatis armatis; foliis amplis, tripinnatis, usque
ad 1.5 m longis; foliolis numerosis, ovatis ad ovato-lanceolatis,
acuminatis, submembranaceis, 7 ad 14 cm longis, basi rotundatis
vel subcordatis, margine spinuloso-dentatis ; paniculis terminali-
bus, amplis, usque ad 1 m longis; umbellulis numerosis, circiter
20-floris, pedunculatis ; floribus 5- vel 6-meris, petalis imbricatis.
A scandent, sparingly branched, aculeate vine, sprawling over
thickets, the stems about 2.5 cm in diameter, these, the petioles,
primary and secondary leaf-rachises, petiolules, midribs of the
leaflets beneath, and the inflorescences armed with short, stout,
sharp, scattered but numerous, recurved spines, otherwise
entirely glabrous. Leaves alternate, 1 to 1.5 cm long, triangular
in outline, at least tripinnate, the lower primary pinnae long,
the upper ones gradually shorter; petioles stout, aculeate, the
lower 6 to 8 cm split on the upper side and with 1 cm wide
wings (stipules) which surround the stem at the base, the lower
ultimate divisions of the leaf odd-pinnate, the upper ones trifo-
liolate. Leaflets ovate to elliptic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, sub-
membranaceous, 7 to 14 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, the apex
strongly acuminate, the base broad, rounded or subcordate, the
margins rather finely spinulose-denticulate, glabrous and some-
what shining, the midrib beneath and more rarely also on the
upper surface with few, scattered, recurved spines; nerves 5 to
7 on each side of the midrib, rather prominent, anastomosing;
petiolules 3 to 10 mm long. Panicles terminal, ample, pinnately
compound, up to about 1 m in length, the branches alternate,
opposite, or somewhat whorled, the primary ones up to 40 cm
in length. Umbels numerous, racemosely arranged on the ulti-
mate branchlets, each about 20-flowered, their peduncles 1 to
xiii, c. 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 317
4 cm long, the subtending bracts lanceolate, acuminate, less than
1 cm long; pedicels slender, about 1 cm long, the bracteoles
lanceolate, acuminate, 2 to 3 mm long. Calyx jointed with the
pedicels, about 3 mm long, the teeth 5 or 6, short, acute. Petals
5 or 6, narrowly ovate, obtuse or acute, 1-nerved, attached by
a broad base, the margins overlapping, about 3 mm long, the
base about 1.5 mm wide. Stamens 5 or 6; filaments 4 mm long;
anthers indexed in bud, about 1 mm long. Ovary 5- or 6-celled ;
styles 5 or 6, erect, free or very slightly connate at the base,
0.5 to 0.7 mm long. Fruit ellipsoid or ovoid, 5- or 6-ridged,
5- or 6-celled, about 5 mm long, crowned by the radiately
spreading styles.
Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 752 (type) , Sep-
tember-October, 1906, and again, without number, a year later: Davao
District, Todaya, Mount Apo, Elmer 11605, September, 1909, known to the
Bagobos as simbar. Catanduanes, Bur. Sci. 30211 Ramos, November, 1917.
Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur . Sci. 23833 Ramos, October,
1915.
Preliminary work was done on this peculiar species in 1906, and again
in 1908, but on account of the rather fragmentary material then available
it was impossible to determine the exact nature of the entire leaves and the
inflorescences. Mr. Elmer later collected the same form on Mount Apo,
and kindly submitted his copious material and notes for my examination,
which have enabled me to complete my description regarding some details
of the plant. Mr. Elmer’s field note is as follows:
“Sprawling amongst thickets of dense growth in fertile moist soil of an
open slope at 8250 feet. Stem terete, 1 inch thick, covered with thin
brownish bark and provided with sharp spines, very sparingly branched,
the upper leaf-bearing portion green but quite as thick as the parts below.
Leaves alternate, one foot apart more or less, horizontally spreading or
descending, all the stalks greenish-brown, provided with recurved hooks,
especially along the lower side. Petiole a foot long or longer. Sheath 3
inches long, fully one-half inch deep, adnate to the upper portion of the
peduncle and clasping the stem, smooth, turning brownish. Leaves proper
3 to 5 feet long, triangular in outline. Leaflets horizontally recurved, sub-
membranaceous, the upper surface somewhat shining. Inflorescence
spreading similar to the leaves but much shorter and terminating the stem;
simbar.”
The genus is well characterized by its habit, its very large decompound
leaves, its ample terminal inflorescence, and its 5- or 6-merous flowers,
the petals being imbricate, not valvate. It seems to me to be most
closely allied to Aralia, although in habit, and more especially in its recurved
spines, it recalls Acanthopanax ; in Acanthopanax, however, the petals are
valvate.
I strongly suspect that this form is identical with the Celebes material
referred by Koorders 4 to Aralia ferox Miq. I saw Koorders’s specimens in
the Buitenzorg Herbarium in January, 1914, but had no opportunity of
4 Meded. Lands Plantent. 19 (1899) 488; Syst. Verzeich. 2 6 (1914) 99.
318 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
studying them critically or comparing them with Philippine material.
Koorders states that the Celebes plant is a climber, attaining a height of
10 meters; the Javan Aralia ferox Miq. is an erect shrub. Thus we have
another characteristic species added to the already long list of Philippine-
Celebes forms, the list of genera and species having this special and
restricted distribution being increased as collections from the two regions
are studied and compared. It is now thoroughly established that the
Celebes and Moluccan floras are distinctly more closely allied to the flora
of the Philippines than is that of any other region, indicating clearly that
land connections undoubtedly existed in previous geologic times between
the Philippines and the islands to the south and southeast.
The species affords an excellent illustration of one marked line of dis-
tribution of species within the Philippines, and that is the extension of the
Mindanao flora to the north, through Leyte, Samar, and along the eastern
parts of Luzon. This distribution is probably limited by certain climatic
conditions, chiefly the seasonal distribution of the rainfall throughout the
year. Many parts of Mindanao have no sharply defined dry season, and
the geographic distribution of the species characteristic of such regions to
the north is limited to those regions having a similar seasonal distribution
of the rainfall, such as Samar, Leyte, Catanduanes, and the eastern parts
of Luzon generally. The San Antonio region in Luzon is a region that is
continually wet, due to its proximity to the east coast range of mountains.
BOERLAGIODEN DRON Harms
BOERLAGIODENDRON CATAN DUAN ENSE sp. nov.
Frutex circiter 1 m altus, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber ; foliis
longe petiolatis, palmatim 7-foliolatis, foliolis longe petiolulatis,
usque ad 20 cm longis, grosse lyrato-lobatis, utrinque acuminatis ;
inflorescentiis parcissime furfuraceis, radiis primariis circiter
10, dichotomis; floribus capitatis, sessilibus, 4-meris; fructibus
ovoideis, 4-sulcatis vel 4-angulatis, 7 mm longis.
A shrub about 1 m high, entirely glabrous except the sparingly
furfuraceous inflorescences. Ultimate branches pale-grayish,
about 1 cm in diameter. Leaves palmately 7-foliolate, leaflets
olivaceous, shining, 15 to 20 cm long, chartaceous to subcoria-
ceous, in general lanceolate, coarsely and irregularly lyrately
lobed, the lobes few, the larger ones broadly ovate to oblong-
ovate, 2 to 3 cm long, apex and base acuminate, the apex slen-
derly so; petiolules mostly 3 to 4 cm long; petioles about 25
cm long, the basal crests few, short, coriaceous, recurved, not
at all pectinate. Inflorescences sparingly furfuraceous, the
primary branches about 10, these about 2 cm in length, each
bearing two branches as long as the primary ones, these sub-
tended by broadly ovate bracts 5 mm in length or less, the se-
condary branches with a pair of similar but smaller bracts at
about their middle ; each primary branch bears between the two
secondary ones a sessile or shortly peduncled group of sterile
xiii, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 319
flowers, the flowers few-pedicelled. Flowers capitate, sessile,
4-merous, about 15 at the end of each secondary branch. Fruits
ovoid, about 7 mm long, 4-celled, 4-sulcate or 4-angled, sessile.
Catanduanes, Bur. Sci. 30438 Ramos, November 18, 1917, on forested
slopes, altitude about 350 meters.
The alliance of this species is with Boerlagiodendron yatesii Merr., of
Luzon, and B. heterophyllum Merr., of Mindanao. It is well characterized
by its compound leaves and differs from B. yatesii in its lyrately lobed,
longer, petiolulate leaflets; and from B. heterophyllum in its smaller, long-
petiolulate leaflets and in the basal crests of the petioles not being at all
pectinate.
SCHEFFLERA Forster
SCHEFFLERA CATAN DUAN ENSIS sp. nov. § Cephaloschefflera.
Frutex epiphyticus, glaber; foliis 9- ad 12-foliolatis, foliolis
coriaceis, oblongis ad oblongo-obovatis, integris, usque ad 12 cm
longis, nitidis, apice abrupte subcaudato-acuminatis, basi obtusis
ad acutis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 15, tenuibus; inflo-
rescentiis glabris, ramis 20 ad 25 cm longis, crassis; capitulis
racemose dispositis, breviter pedunculatis, ovoideis ad depresso-
globosis, 1.5 ad 2 cm diametro; fructibus junioribus plerumque
6- vel 7-locellatis.
A shrub or tree, entirely glabrous. Ultimate branches up to
1 cm in diameter. Leaves 9- to 12-foliolate, their petioles 16
to 18 cm long, inflated and clasping at the base, the petiolules
2 to 3.5 cm long; leaflets coriaceous, dark-olivaceous and shining
on the upper surface, the lower surface somewhat paler, oblong
to oblong-obovate, entire, 8 to 12 cm long, 4 to 5.5 cm wide,
the apex rather abruptly subcaudate-acuminate, the acumen 1
cm long or less, the base obtuse to acute ; primary lateral nerves
about 15 on each side of the midrib, slender, scarcely more
prominent than are the secondary ones. Inflorescences reduced
to one or few raceme-like branches 20 to 25 cm in length, each
bearing from 8 to 10 dense heads in the upper one-half, the
rachis and peduncle stout, 5 to 7 mm in diameter, the peduncles
of the heads stout, 5 mm long or less. Heads dense, ovoid to
depressed-globose, 1.5 to 2 cm in diameter, dark-brown when
dry, composed of very many connate carpels, the apical part
of each individual fruit conical or subconical; young fruits
mostly 6- or 7-celled.
Catanduanes, Mount Mariguidon, Bur. Sci. 20341 Ramos, November 26,
1917, epiphytic in dense damp forests, altitude about 400 meters.
This species is most closely allied to Schefflera ovoidea Merr., of Min-
danao, from which it is readily distinguished by its much smaller leaflets,
smaller heads, and fewer-celled fruits.
320 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
SCHEFFLERA ELLI PTI FOLIOLA sp. nov. § Euscliefflera.
Frutex epiphyticus, inflorescentiis plus minusve pallide pubes-
centibus; foliis longe petiolatis, 9- ad 11-foliolatis, foliolis char-
taceis ad subcoriaceis, ellipticis ad obovato-ellipticis, usque ad
13 cm longis, breviter abrupteque acuminatis, basi rotundatis,
nervis utrinque circiter 12, tenuibus, utrinque distinctis. Pani-
culis amplis, multifloris, rhachibus productis, ramis primariis
15 ad 20, racemose dispositis, usque ad 20 cm longis; floribus
5-meris, umbellatis, umbellis in ramis primariis racemose dis-
positis; fructibus subellipsoideis, 3 ad 4 mm longis, 5-sulcatis,
5-locellatis.
An epiphytic shrub, glabrous except the more or less pale-
pubescent inflorescences. Leaves 9- to 11-foliolate, their petioles
13 to 16 cm long, inflated and clasping at the base, the petiolules
3 to 5.5 cm long; leaflets elliptic to obovate-elliptic, chartaceous
to subcoriaceous, entire, pale and shining when dry, 7 to 13 cm
long, 4.5 to 7 cm wide, the apex shortly and abruptly acuminate,
base rounded; primary lateral nerves about 12 on each side
of the midrib, slender, distinct on both surfaces. Panicles ter-
minal, ample, peduncled, the peduncle 4 to 10 cm long, with few
to many bracts resembling the inflated petiolar bases, the rachis
produced, in large panicles attaining a length of 20 cm, the
younger parts more or less pale-pubescent, the indumentum
deciduous on the older parts; primary branches racemosely
disposed, 15 to 20 on each panicle, up to 20 cm in length. Flow-
ers umbellate, the umbels racemosely disposed on the primary
branches, the peduncles 5 to 8 mm long. Flowers 5-merous,
small, 8 to 12 in each umbel, their pedicels, just after anthesis,
2 to 4 mm in length. Fruit subellipsoid, 3 to 4 mm long, 5-
sulcate, 5-celled.
Catanduanes, Mount Mariguidon, Bur. Sci. 30511 (type), 30210 Ramos,
November, 1917, epiphytic, in damp forests.
This species is especially well characterized by its ample inflorescences,
the rachis being greatly prolonged, and the numerous primary racemosely
disposed branches; and by the umbels being racemosely disposed on the
primary branches.
SCHEFFLERA MYRIANTHELLA sp. nov. § Euscliefflera.
Frutex epiphyticus, inflorescentiis distincte furfuraceis excep-
tis glaber; foliis 6- ad 8-foliolatis, foliolis obovatis, integris,
usque ad 12 cm longis, breviter acuminatis, nitidis, nervis utrin-
que circiter 12, tenuibus; paniculis terminalibus, pedunculatis,
amplis, quadripinnatim-paniculatis, rhachibus valde elongatis,
ramis primariis racemose dispositis, usque ad 23 cm longis,
ramis secondariis numerosis, 2.5 ad 3.5 cm longis; floribus sub-
xiii, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 321
capitato-umbellatis, umbellulis breviter pedunculatis, paucifloris,
in ramis secondariis racemose dispositis; floribus 5-meris, bre-
vissime pedicellatis vel subsessilibus, petalis 1.8 mm longis.
An epiphytic shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves
6- to 8-foliolate, their petioles 6 to 8 cm long, inflated and clasp-
ing at the base, the petiolules 2.5 to 5 cm long; leaflets obovate,
subcoriaceous, rather pale and prominently shining when dry,
7 to 12 cm long, 5 to 6 cm wide, entire, the apex rather abruptly
and shortly acuminate, base acute ; primary lateral nerves about
12 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct. Panicles ter-
minal, quadripinnate, peduncled, pale-furfuraceous, the indu-
mentum more or less deciduous on the older parts, the peduncles
up to 6 cm in length, the rachis and peduncle at least 20 cm
in length; primary branches up to 23 cm long, numerous, race-
mosely arranged, each subtended by an ovate to oblong-ovate,
acuminate, 5 to 8 mm long bract ; secondary branches numerous,
slender, 2.5 to 3.5 cm long, racemosely disposed on the primary
ones; flowers small, 5-merous, capitate-umbellate, the umbels 5-
to 8-flowered, numerous, shortly peduncled, racemosely ar-
ranged, their peduncles about 2 mm long. Petals about 1.8 mm
long. Flowers 5-merous, subsessile or the pedicels up to 0.5
mm in length.
Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 23824 Ramos , October
19, 1915, on trees in damp forests.
This species is well characterized by its ample, many-flowered, quad-
ripinnately paniculate inflorescence; the elongated primary branches which
are racemosely arranged on the produced rachis; the numerous, short,
slender, racemosely arranged secondary branches; and the capitate-um-
bellate, few-flowered, racemosely arranged, short-peduncled umbels.
MYRSINACEAE
MAESA Forskal
MAESA BRUNNEA sp. nov. § Eumaesa.
Frutex glaber; foliis chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, late ovatis
ad oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 14 cm longis, apice breviter acu-
minatis, basi subtruncato-rotundatis ad subacutis, margine un-
dulatis et distanter calloso-crenatis, utrinque lineis nervillifor-
mibus praeditis, supra subolivaceis, subtus brunneis, nervis
primariis utrinque 5 vel 6, conspicuis, reticulis obsoletis vel
subobsoletis ; infructescentiis axillaribus, depauperato-panicula-
tis, usque ad 4 cm longis; fructibus elliptico-ovoideis, circiter
5 mm longis, sepalis latissime ovatis, obtusis, obscurissime
punctatis, margine minutissime ciliatis.
A glabrous shrub, the branches dark-brown, terete, lenticel-
322 The Philippine Journal of Science 1913
late. Leaves broadly ovate to oblong-ovate, chartaceous to sub-
coriaceous, dull or slightly shining when dry, the upper surface
subolivaceous, the lower brown, both surfaces supplied with
slender, obscure, irregular, longitudinal, nerve-like lines, 9 to
14 cm long, 5 to 9 cm wide, the apex shortly and obtusely
acuminate, base subtruncate-rounded to subacute, margins
coarsely undulate, each undulation tipped with a thickened cre-
nate callosity; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib,
prominent, curved, very obscurely anastomosing, the reticula-
tions obsolete or nearly so ; petioles 1.5 to 3 cm long. Infructes-
cences axillary, solitary, depauperate-paniculate, 3 to 4 cm long,
the branches few, spreading, 3 cm long or less. Fruits ellipsoid-
ovoid, about 5 mm long, their pedicels about 3 mm long. Calyx-
teeth broadly ovate, obtuse, about 1 mm long and 1.5 mm wide,
very obscurely puncticulate, not lineate, the margins very min-
utely and obscurely ciliate.
Catanduanes, Mount Mariguidon, Bur. Sci. 30500 (type), 30308 Ramos,
November and December, 1917, in forests.
This species manifestly belongs in the group with Maesa denticulate t
Mez, from which species it is distinguished by its thicker, larger leaves
which are prominently undulate, brown beneath when dry, and by its
obsolete or nearly obsolete reticulations. Maesa platyphylla Elm. is dis-
tinguished by its more numerously nerved, nearly entire leaves, while
M. megaphylla Merr. has much larger, more numerously nerved, entire
leaves and very much longer inflorescences.
EBENACEAE
DIOSPYROS Linnaeus
DIOSPYROS STREPTOSEPALA sp. nov.
Arbor parva, foliis subtus ad costa, ramulis, petiolis, et
fructibus parce longissime ciliatis ; foliis oblongo-ovatis ad
ovato lanceolatis, usque ad 17 cm longis, basi late rotundatis,
plerumque leviter cordatis, sursum angustatis, acuminatis, supra
glabris, brunneo-olivaceis, subtus pallidis, nervis utrinque circi-
ter 8, tenuibus, distinctis, reticulis laxis ; fructibus ovoideis, cir-
citer 2 cm longis, pericarpio fragile, extus perspicue longissime
ciliato ; seminibus 2, ovato-ellipticis, plano-convexis, circiter 1 cm
longis, albumine aequabile; sepalis 4, persistentibus, circiter 1
cm longis, longe filiformiter caudatis.
A small tree, 5 m high fide Ramos, the leaves beneath es-
pecially near the midrib, the branchlets, and the petioles with
few, widely scattered, slender, spreading, about 3 mm long hairs,
these more numerous on the fruits. Branches dark-brown
or nearly black, terete, glabrous, the branchlets slender. Leaves
chartaceous, oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 9 to 17 cm long,
xiii, c, 6 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 323
2.5 to 5 cm wide, the base broadly rounded and usually slightly
cordate, narrowed upward to the rather slenderly acuminate
apex, the upper surface brownish-olivaceous, somewhat shining,
glabrous, the lower much paler; primary lateral nerves about
8 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct, laxly anastomos-
ing, the reticulations lax, distinct; petioles 5 mm long or less.
Fruits solitary, in the uppermost axils, their pedicels long-
ciliate, about 5 mm long, the mature fruits ovoid, apex rounded
or obtuse, about 2 cm long, the pericarp thin, fragile when dry,
dark-brown, with many, long, slender, ciliate hairs similar to
those on the vegetative parts. Seeds 2, ovate-elliptic, plano-
convex, about 1 cm long, distinctly narrowed upward, obtuse
or apiculate, smooth, castaneous and shining when dry, the
albumen uniform. Persistent sepals 4, up to 1 cm long, ciliate,
long filiform-caudate from a somewhat broadened base.
Catanduanes, Mount Mariguidon, Bur. Sci. 30U81 Ramos, November
25, 1917, in forests near the summit of the mountain, altitude apparently
about 400 meters.
This species is strongly characterized by its indumentum of scattered,
elongated, very slender hairs and especially by its very slender filiform-
caudate, elongated sepals. It is not at all closely allied to any other
species known to me.
SAPOTACEAE
BASS I A Koenig
BASSIA OBLONGIFOLIA sp. nov.
Arbor circiter 18 m alta, subtus foliis dense adpresseque
puberulis; foliis coriaceis, oblongis, usque ad 20 cm longis, bre-
viter obtuse acuminatis, basi acutis vel subacutis, in siccitate
supra pallidis, nitidis, subtus subcupreis, nervis utrinque 22 ad
27, tenuibus, distinctis, patulis, leviter curvatis; floribus fas-
ciculatis, in axillis defoliatis, pedicellis sursum incrassatis, 2
ad 2.5 cm longis; sepalis extus adpresse-pubescentibus, late
ovatis, leviter acuminatis, circiter 7 mm longis, fructibus junio-
ribus glabris.
A tree about 18 m high, the branches terete, glabrous, rugose,
the branchlets up to 6 mm in diameter, somewhat pubescent.
Leaves oblong, coriaceous, 15 to 20 cm long, 4.5 to 7 cm wide,
the upper surface glabrous, pale and shining when dry, the
lower subcupreous and rather densely appressed-puberulent, the
apex shortly blunt-acuminate, base acute, the midrib impressed
on the upper surface, very prominent on the lower surface;
lateral nerves slender, distinct, spreading, slightly curved, paral-
lel, 22 to 27 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing close to
the edge of the leaf, the reticulations not prominent; petioles
324 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
3.5 to 5 cm long, when young slightly pubescent, soon becoming
glabrous. Flowers fascicled in the axils of fallen leaves, their
pedicels thickened upward, 2 to 2.5 cm long, appressed pubes-
cent. Sepals 4, broadly ovate, somewhat acuminate, coriaceous,
about 7 mm long and wide, pubescent externally. Very young
fruits ovoid, glabrous; styles up to 1.7 cm long.
Luzon, Camarines Province, Paracale, Cabcabin, For. Bur. 27101 Alam-
bra, March 12, 1918, in dipterocarp forests, altitude about 40 meters,
with the local name calacalachuche.
This species is well characterized by its oblong leaves with numerous,
slender but distinct, parallel primary nerves, by which characters it is
readily distinguished from the other known Philippine representatives
of the genus.
BASSIA MIRANDAE sp. nov.
Species B. coriaceae affinis dilfert foliis majoribus, usque ad
23 cm longis et 8.5 cm latis, sepalis duplo majoribus.
A tree about 18 m high, glabrous. Branches pale-brownish,
somewhat rugose, the ultimate ones about 8 mm in diameter,
the branchlets glabrous, smooth, somewhat sulcate. Leaves
oblong-obovate, coriaceous, 16 to 23 cm long, 5.5 to 8.5 cm wide,
glabrous, shining, rather pale when dry, the apex obtuse to
rounded or somewhat acuminate, narrowed below to the acute
base ; primary nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, curved,
somewhat ascending, distinct, anastomosing, 1 to 2 cm apart,
the reticulations lax; petioles 2 to 2.5 cm long. Fruits appar-
ently few, in the axils of fallen leaves, their pedicels about 2.5
cm long, glabrous. Sepals 4, coriaceous, glabrous, broadly
ovate, rounded, about 5 mm long, the outer two up to 8 mm in
width. Fruit (immature) ovoid-ellipsoid, apiculate, 3 cm long,
glabrous, very coarsely wrinkled when dry.
Mindanao, Zamboanga District, For. Bur. 21161 Miranda, July 6, 1915,
on forested ridges, Mount Kaladis, altitude about 100 meters.
This species is closely allied to Bassia coriacea Merr., of Luzon, which
it greatly resembles. It is distinguished by its much larger leaves and
sepals.
OLEACEAE
LI NOCI ERA Swartz
LINOCIERA REMOTINERVIA sp. nov.
Arbor glabra ; foliis crassissime coriaceis, in siccitate pallidis,
usque ad 15 cm longis, anguste oblongo-obovatis, apice plerum-
que rotundatis, basi acuminatis, margine recurvatis; nervis pri-
mariis utrinque circiter 5, distantibus, tenuibus, laxissime ar-
cuato-anastomosantibus, reticulis obsoletis vel subobsoletis ; in-
xiii, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 325
fructescentiis axillaribus, circiter 3 cm longis ; f ructibus ellipsoi-
deis, circiter 1.4 cm longis.
A glabrous tree about 12 m high, the branchlets smooth, pale.
Leaves very thickly coriaceous, narrowly oblong-obovate, 12 to
15 cm long, 3.5 to 5.5 cm wide, pale, of about the same color
on both surfaces, smooth and shining when dry, the apex usually
rounded, sometimes retuse, or at times shortly acuminate, base
acuminate, margins recurved; midrib very prominent on the
lower surface ; lateral nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib,
slender, distant, forked and laxly arched-anastomosing distant
from the margin, the reticulations obsolete or nearly so ; petioles
1.5 to 2 cm long. Infructescences axillary, about 3 cm long,
peduncled, the fruits few, ellipsoid, olivaceous when dry, smooth,
about 1.4 cm long.
Luzon, Pangasinan Province, Mount San Isidro, Labrador, Bur. Sci.
29,933 Fenix, on open grassy slopes near the edge of the forest, altitude
about 300 meters.
This species is well characterized by its very thickly coriaceous, leaves
and its few, distant, obscure, laxly arched-anastomosing nerves, the reticu-
lations obsolete or nearly so.
CORNACEAE
MASTIXIA Blume
M ASTIXIA PACHYPHYLLA sp. nov. § Tetramastixia.
Arbor glabra (floribus ignotis) ; foliis stricte oppositis, crasse
coriaceis, oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis vel anguste obovato-
ellipticis, usque ad 14 cm longis, apice plerumque rotundatis,
basi acutis, margine recurvatis, nervis utrinque 9 ad 11, dis-
tinctis; infructescentiis terminalibus, breviter pedunculatis, 6
ad 10 cm longis; fructibus ovoideis ad ellipsoideis, 2 ad 3 cm
longis, sepalis 4, persistentibus, parvis.
A tree 6 to 8 m high, glabrous (flowers unknown). Leaves
strictly opposite, thickly coriaceous, oblong to oblong-elliptic
or narrowly obovate-elliptic, the apex usually rounded, the base
acute, margins recurved, the upper surface smooth, greenish-
olivaceous, shining, the lower paler; lateral nerves 9 to 11 on
each side of the midrib; petioles stout, about 1.5 cm long. In-
fructescences 6 to 10 cm long, glabrous, somewhat peduncled,
branched, the bracteoles ovate, acute, about 1.5 mm long. Fruits
ovoid to ellipsoid, pale-brownish and smooth when dry, 2 to 3
cm long, the persistent calyx-lobes 4, small, indistinct.
Catanduanes, Santo Domingo River, Bur. Sci. 30399 (type), SOUS
Ramos, December 5, 1917, on forested slopes below an altitude of 100
meters.
326 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
This species of the section Tetramastixia is distinguished among the
few Philippine forms by its relatively large and thickly coriaceous leaves.
It is probably most closely allied to Mastixia tetrapetala Merr., but has
much larger, more numerously nerved leaves than that species, which,
moreover, are strictly alternate. It is less closely allied to M. premnoides
(Elm.) Hallier f., of Mindanao.
GESNERIACEAE
CYRTANDRA R. Brown
CYRTANDRA ALVAREZI1 sp. nov.
Frutex, novellis densissime f errugineo-lanosis ; foliis oppositis,
late oblanceolatis, usque ad 38 cm longis, breviter petiolatis,
apice acutis vel obscure acuminatis, basi longe angustatis, mar-
gine irregulariter dentatis, supra olivaceis, glabris, subtus sub-
dense ferrugineo-villosis, nervis utrinque circiter 18, curvato-
adscendentibus, distinctis; fructibus numerosis, oblongo-ellipsoi-
deis, glabris, circiter 1.5 cm longis, utrinque angustatis, brunneis,
umbellatis, umbellis distincte pedunculatis.
A shrub, the branchlets and young leaves very densely lanate
with shining, appressed, ferruginous hairs, the ultimate branches
5 to 8 mm in diameter. Leaves opposite, subcoriaceous, appar-
ently in equal pairs, broadly oblong-oblanceolate, up to 38 cm
long and 12 cm wide, apex acute or obscurely acuminate, grad-
ually narrowed from the middle or upper two-thirds to the
base, margins irregularly dentate, or serrate-dentate, the teeth
usually tipped with tufts of hairs, the upper surface in maturity
entirely glabrous, olivaceous, dull, the lower rather densely fer-
ruginous-villous; lateral nerves about 18 on each side of the
midrib, distinct, ascending, curved, the reticulations lax ; petioles
stout, 1 cm long or less. Infructescence axillary, solitary, um-
bellate, its peduncle stout, about 1 cm long, each bearing from
10 to 20 fruits, the individual fruits oblong-ellipsoid, about 1.5
cm long, brown, glabrous, narrowed at both ends, their pedicels
slender, about 1 cm in length. The inflorescence is apparently
subtended by a large bract or by bracts.
Mindanao, Lanao District, Lanao-Cotabato trail, For. Bur. 2521b- Al-
varez, March 21, 1916, in dipterocarp forests, altitude about 1,000 meters.
A most characteristic species, distinguishable by its indumentum, its
large, broadly oblong-oblanceolate leaves, and its umbellate fruits.
CYRTANDRA CASTANEA sp. nov. § Dissimiles.
Frutex circiter 1 m altus, partibus junioribus subtus foliis
ad costa et nervis calycibusque dense castaneo-villosis ; foliis
alternis vel oppositis et dissimilis, subcoriaceous, oblongo-oblan-
ceolatis, usque ad 15 cm longis, tenuiter acutissime acuminatis,
xiii, c. 6 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 327
basi acutis, margine irregulariter undulato-serratis, nervis utrin-
que 6 vel 7, subtus valde perspicuis ; floribus axillaribus,
solitariis, breviter pedicellatis, circiter 4 cm longis, bracteis
lineari-lanceolatis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, 6 ad 11 mm longis.
A shrub about 1 m high, apparently sparingly branched, the
indumentum of characteristic, castaneous, subappressed, villous
hairs. Branches terete, glabrous, pale-brownish, the young
branchlets densely castaneous-villous. Leaves alternate or the
upper ones opposite and dissimilar, oblong-oblanceolate, subco-
riaceous, 5 to 15 cm long, 1.8 to 4 cm wide, slenderly and acutely
acuminate, base acute, margins irregularly sinuate-serrate, the
upper surface dark-olivaceous, glabrous, the lower brownish-
olivaceous, paler than the upper, the midrib, lateral nerves, and
reticulations dark-brown, castaneous-villous, contrasting with
the paler epidermis ; petioles castaneous-villous, 0.7 to 1 cm long.
Flowers axillary, solitary, about 4 cm long, their pedicels about
6 mm long, the subtending bracts linear-lanceolate to oblong-
lanceolate, castaneous-villous like the calyx, 6 to 11 mm long.
Calyx 1.5 cm long, the tube 7 mm long, narrow, the lobes usually
3 or 4, lanceolate, slenderly long-acuminate, as long as the tube,
externally characteristically castaneous-villous. Corolla white
when fresh, 4 cm long, densely ferruginous-villous. Disk about
2 mm long, glabrous, irregularly lobed. Ovary and style about
2 cm long, ferruginous- or castaneous-villous, the immature fruits
lanceolate, 2.5 cm long, appressed castaneous-villous.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Dalindingan, Bur. Sci. 26606 Ramos
& Edano, August 25, 1916, on forested slopes, altitude about 120 meters.
This species in many characters resembles Cyrtandra incisa C. B.
Clarke and C. multifolia Merr. and manifestly belongs in the same section
with both. The upper leaves are opposite and dissimilar, the lower ones
alternate. It is readily distinguished by its characteristic castaneous
indumentum.
CYRTANDRA MULTI FOLIA sp. nov. Dissimiles.
Frutex ramosus, circiter 1 m altus, partibus junioribus fer-
rugineo-pilosus ; foliis numerosis, oppositis, dissimilis, oblongo-
lanceolatis, usque ad 9 cm longis, subcoriaceis, tenuiter acumi-
natis, basi acutis, margine distanter leviter undulato-serrulatis,
nervis utrinque 7 vel 8; floribus axillaribus, solitariis vel binis,
pedicellatis, circiter 4.5 cm longis, calycibus tubo 1 cm longo,
laciniis 1 cm longis, caudato-acuminatis.
An erect much-branched shrub about 1 m high, the younger
parts more or less densely covered with long, soft, weak, ferru-
ginous hairs. Branches terete, brownish, glabrous, somewhat
striate when dry, the internodes 1 to 2 cm long, the young
157684 5
328
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
branchlets ferruginous-villous. Leaves opposite, numerous,
oblong-lanceolate, those of each pair dissimilar in size, one
usually about one-half as large as the other, subcoriaceous, 5 to 9
cm long, 1 to 2.5 cm wide, slenderly subcaudate-acuminate, base
acute, margins distantly undulate-serrulate, the upper surface
dark-olivaceous when dry, glabrous, the lower paler, brown,
ferruginous-villous on the midrib and lateral nerves; lateral
nerves 7 or 8 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower
surface, the reticulations obsolete or nearly so; petioles ferrugi-
nous-villous, 5 to 8 mm long. Flowers axillary, solitary or in
pairs, pink to white, about 4.5 cm long, their pedicels 1 to 1.5
cm long, sparingly villous, each subtended by a pair of leaflike
bracts 0.7 to 2 cm long. Calyx 2 cm long, ferruginous-villous,
the tube about 1 cm long, somewhat inflated, the lobes slenderly
lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, about as long as the tube. Co-
rolla 4.5 cm long, ferruginous-villous. Disk about 1.8 mm high.
Ovary densely ferruginous-villous, including the style about 3
cm long.
Luzon, Nueva Ecija Province, Mount Umingan, Bur. Sci. 26459 Ramos
& Edano, August 12, 1916, on forested slopes at an altitude between 300
and 400 meters.
The alliance of this species is manifestly with Cyrtandra incisa C. B.
Clarke, from which it is distinguished by its much smaller, but slightly
toothed leaves and its larger flowers.
CYRTANDRA M ICROPH YLLA sp. nov.
Frutex circiter 1 m altus, ramosus, ramulis et petiolis et inflo-
rescentiis leviter castaneo-ciliato-setosis, pilis adpressis; foliis
oppositis, numerosis, oblongis ad late oblongo-oblanceolatis, us-
que ad 5 cm longis, firme chartaceis, acuminatis, basi acutis,
undulato-serratis, glabris, in siccitate supra nigro-brunneis, sub-
tus brunneis, nervis utrinque 4 vel 5, subtus prominentibus ;
inflorescentiis axillaribus, solitariis, tenuibus, usque ad 4 cm
longis, umbellatim 1- ad 3-floris ; calycis tubo 2 mm longo, denti-
bus lineari-lanceolatis, 4 mm longis.
A much-branched shrub about 1 m high, the branchlets,
petioles, and inflorescences with scattered, appressed, rather stiff,
castaneous, ciliate-setose hairs, otherwise glabrous. Branches
terete, grayish-brown, the branchlets slender. Leaves very nu-
merous, opposite, firmly chartaceous, oblong to broadly oblong-
oblanceolate, those of each pair more or less unequal in size, 2.5
to 5 cm long, 0.8 to 1.5 cm wide, acuminate, base acute, margins
distantly undulate-serrate, the upper surface blackish-brown
when dry, the lower much paler, brownish ; lateral nerves 4 or 5
on each side of the midrib, rather prominent on the lower sur-
xni. c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 329
face, dark-brown in contrast with the paler epidermis; petioles
5 to 8 mm long. Inflorescences axillary, solitary, very slender,
2 to 4 cm long, umbellately 1- to 3-flowered, the pedicels about
3 mm long; bracts linear-spatulate, about 6 mm long. Calyx
glabrous, the tube cup-shaped, about 2 mm long, the lobes 5,
linear-lanceolate, about 4 mm long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style
6 mm long. Corolla not seen.
Luzon, Nueva Ecija Province, Mount Umingan, Bur. Sci. 26250 Ramos
& Edaho, August 12, 1916, on forested slopes at an altitude between 300
and 400 meters.
The alliance of this species is manifestly with Cyrtandra tenuipes Merr.,
from which it differs especially in its relatively narrower leaves and in
its calyx-tube being but about one-half as long as the slender calyx-lobes.
CYRTANDRA LONGIPES sp. nov.
Frutex scandens, plus minusve f errugineo-villosis ; foliis long-
issime petiolatis, in foliis majoribus petiolis usque ad 14 cm
longis, oblongis, chartaceis, laevis, usque ad 20 cm longis et 9
cm latis, apice breviter et obtuse acuminatis, basi leviter inae-
quilateralibus, subacutis, margine superne undulato-crenatis,
nervis utrinque circiter 8, curvatis, subtus prominulis, reticulis
subobsoletis ; inflorescentiis axillaribus, floribus in ramulis
junioribus fasciculatis, in ramis vetustioribus in inflorescentiis
ramosis elongatis usque ad 9 cm longis dispositis; floribus cir-
citer 2 cm longis, calycis inflatis, 1.2 ad 1.4 cm longis, glabris,
5-lobatis, lobis oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, circiter 6 mm
longis.
A scandent shrub, the stems about 1 cm in diameter, usually
root-bearing on one side, pale-brownish, terete, rather conspi-
cuously ferruginous-villous, the indumentum more or less deci-
duous, the internodes about 10 cm long. Younger parts of the
slender branchlets rather densely ferruginous-villous, the inflo-
rescences slightly so. Leaves oblong, rather firmly chartaceous,
10 to 20 cm long, 4 to 9 cm wide, glabrous or nearly so, smooth,
brittle when dry, the upper surface olivaceous, the lower
pale, shining, the apex broadly and shortly blunt-acuminate, the
base slightly inequilateral, subacute, the margins above undulate-
crenate; petioles of the larger leaves 12 to 14 cm in length, gla-
brous or nearly so; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the
midrib, prominent on the lower surface, curved, with very few,
widely scattered, slender, secondary veins, some of which scarcely
anastomose. Inflorescences axillary, on the branchlets the flow-
ers fascicled, on the stems arranged in branched inflorescences up
to 9 cm in length; bracts narrowly oblong, acuminate, up to 1
cm in length ; pedicels slender, 2 to 2.5 cm long. Flowers about
330
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
2 cm in length, glabrous or nearly so. Calyx somewhat inflated,
1.2 to 1.4 cm long, 5-lobed, the lobes oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
about 6 mm long.
Catanduanes, Bur. Sci. 30353 Ramos, December 10, 1917, climbing on
tree trunks in forests at low altitudes, near Calolbong.
This species, among numerous other distinctive characters, can readily
be recognized by its very greatly elongated petioles.
CYRTANDRA TENUIPES nom. nov.
Cyrtandra longipedunculata Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 10 (1915)
Bot. 77, non Rechinger, 1908.
A new name is necessary for the Luzon form I described in 1915, as
the specific name had already been utilized by Rechinger in 1908 for a
Samoan species.
ASCLEPIADACEAE
DISCHIDIA R. Brown
DISCHIDIA LANCI FOLIA sp. nov.
Species D. merrillii affinis, differt foliis lanceolatis, usque ad
8 cm longis et 1 cm latis, tenuiter acuminatis, in siccitate utrin-
que rugosis sed haud reticulatis.
A slender glabrous vine, the branches terete, grayish, about 1
mm in diameter. Leaves lanceolate, apparently fleshy when
fresh, when dry coriaceous, pale-greenish, somewhat shining,
wrinkled on both surfaces but not reticulate, the lateral nerves
obsolete, 5 to 8 cm long, 8 to 10 mm wide, narrowed below to the
acute or somewhat obtuse base and above to the slenderly acu-
minate apex; petioles about 5 mm long. Peduncles axillary,
solitary, 1 cm long or less, few-flowered, the flowers subumbel-
lately arranged at the apex of the peduncle, reddish, about 7 mm
long, their pedicels 2 to 3 mm in length. Corolla-tube somewhat
inflated below, narrowed above, at the most 3 mm wide when
flattened. Follicles slender, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about
3 mm long and 3 mm in diameter.
Catanduanes, back of Calolbong, Bur. Sci. S037U Ramos, December 10,
1917, on tree trunks in damp forests at low altitudes.
A species well characterized by its lanceolate leaves, manifestly allied
to Dischidia merrillii Schltr., but at once distinguished by the characters
indicated in the diagnosis.
HOYA R. Brown.
HOY A PENTAPHLEBIA sp. nov. § Eulioya.
Species H. fischerianae Warb. affinis, differt foliis late ovatis
ad ellipticis. Ramis teretibus; foliis crasse coriaceis, 8 ad 16
cm longis, 6 ad 9 cm latis, pallidis, nitidis, distincte acuminatis,
basi rotundatis, perspicue 5-nerviis, nervis interioribus apicem
xiii, c, 5 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 331
attingentibus, reticulis laxis, distinctis ; petiolo crasso, 2 ad 5 cm
longo; pedunculis 2 ad 5 cm longis, partibus superioribus in-
crassatis, 3 ad 4 mm diametro ; floribus numerosis, flavidis, 7
ad 8 mm diametro, petalis intus papillosis, rhomboideis, leviter
acuminatis; coronae lobis patulis, oblongo-ovatis, acutis, subpla-
nis, 2 mm longis.
A scandent plant entirely glabrous except the papillose corolla
lobes. Branches terete, brownish or grayish, smooth, up to 5
mm in diameter, sometimes with roots along one side of the
internodes, the internodes up to 12 cm in length. Leaves thickly
coriaceous, pale and shining when dry, broadly ovate to elliptic,
8 to 16 cm long, 6 to 9 cm wide, the apex broadly and rather
prominently acuminate, base rounded, prominently 5-nerved,
the interior pair of nerves reaching the apex, the reticula-
tions very lax, distinct on both surfaces, the margins somewhat
recurved; petioles stout, 2 to 5 cm long. Umbels axillary, soli-
tary or fascicled many-flowered, about 4 cm in diameter, the
peduncles 2 to 5 cm long, the thickened upper part of the rachis
cylindric, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, marked with numerous scars,
this rachis on older inflorescences up to 4 cm in length. Flowers
yellowish, 7 to 8 mm in diameter, rotate, the buds prominently
5-angled, 4 mm in diameter. Sepals membranaceous, oblong-
ovate, somewhat acuminate, 1.5 mm long. Corolla distinctly
papillate within, the lobes rhomboid, somewhat acuminate, about
4 mm long and 3 mm wide. Staminal-column about 4 mm in
diameter, the lobes spreading, oblong-ovate, acute, the upper
surface nearly flat or slightly concave, the external apex not
recurved, the internal one elevated, acute, short. Follicles about
12 cm long.
Samar, Cauayan Valley, Bur. Sci. 17411 Ramos (type), March 9, 1914,
in damp forests. Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18831 McGregor, June 28, 1914.
The alliance of this species is manifestly with Hoya fischeriana Warb.,
to which it conforms closely in its floral characters. It is distinguished
by its very differently shaped leaves.
HOYA PUBICALYX sp. nov. § Euhoya.
Frutex scandens, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber, ramis sub-
teretibus, circiter 3 mm diametro; foliis carnosis, in siccitate
coriaceis, oblongis ad oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 14 cm longis,
pallidis, nitidis, basi obtusis, apice acuminatis, in siccitate verru-
culosis, pinnatinerviis, nervis utrinque circiter 6, utrinque valde
obscuris; pedicellis tenuibus, leviter pubescentibus, circiter 3.5
cm longis; floribus rotatis, in siccitate brunneis, circiter 1.8 cm
diametro, sepalis oblongis, subacutis, extus leviter pubescentibus,
332 27&e Philippine Journal of Science i9i»
4 mm longis; corollae lobis late triangularibus, acuminatis, cir-
citer 6 mm longis, alte connatis, indus dense papillosis, apice
leviter reflexis; coronae lobis coriaceis, oblongo-ovatis, 5 mm
longis, acuminatis vel acutis, patentibus, apice leviter retusis,
subplanis.
A scandent shrub, entirely glabrous except the inflorescence,
the branches subterete, rather pale when dry, about 3 mm in dia-
meter, the internodes up to 20 cm in length. Leaves opposite,
fleshy, when dry coriaceous, pale and shining on both surfaces
and more or less wrinkled, oblong to oblong-obovate, 10 to 14 cm
long, 3 to 5 cm wide, base obtuse, apex distinctly acuminate;
lateral nerves pinnately arranged, indistinct, about 6 on each
side of the midrib, ascending, scarcely more evident than are the
lax, indistinct reticulations; petioles about 1 cm long. Umbels
many-flowered, 8 to 9 cm in diameter, the thickened rachis about
4 mm in diameter above, the pedicels spreading, slender, about
‘3.5 cm long, sparingly appressed-pubescent. Flowers fragrant,
about 1.8 cm in diameter, brown when dry. Calyx-segments
oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or subacute, externally
somewhat pubescent, about 4 mm long. Corolla-lobes broadly
triangular, about 6 mm long and wide, spreading, rotate, exter-
nally glabrous, internally densely papillose, the acuminate apex
somewhat recurved. Corona 10 to 12 mm in diameter, stellate,
the lobes spreading, coriaceous, brown, shining, oblong-ovate to
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, about 5 mm long, the external tip
slightly retuse, the internal one ascending, the upper surface
plano-convex and somewhat keeled in the median portion.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mauban, Bur. Sci. 19^84 Ramos & Edaho,
January 24, 1913, on trees along streams in damp forests.
The alliance of this species is with Hoya luzonica Schltr., from which
it is readily distinguished by its larger flowers, its pubescent pedicels and
sepals, and its differently shaped, longer, acuminate, and slightly retuse
corona-segments.
CUCURBITACEAE
TRICHOSANTHES Linnaeus
TRICHOSANTH ES ELLIPSOIDEA sp. nov. § Eutrichosanth.es.
Herbacea, scandens, glaberrima, caulis tenuibus. Foliis char-
taceis, oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 14 cm longis, integris vel
obscure repandis, apice acuminatis, basi profunde cordatis, supra
albido-punctatis, subtus verruculosis, nervis reticulisque per-
spicuis; floribus 5 axillaribus, solitariis, pedicellatis, ebracteo-
latis, tubo 6 ad 7 cm longo; calycis lobis lanceolatis, acuminatis,
6 ad 7 mm longis ; petalis puberulis, obovatis, circiter 3 cm longis,
xni, c, 6 Merrill: Noteworthy Philippine Plants 333
fimbriatis; fructibus junioribus ellipsoideis, seminibus com-
pressis, oblongo-lanceolatis, circiter 1.3 cm longis.
A scandent, glabrous, slender, herbaceous plant, the branches
terete, slightly sulcate. Leaves chartaceous, oblong-ovate, 11 to
14 cm long, about 7 cm wide, olivaceous, shining, the upper
surface somewhat scabrid by the whitish-punctate dots, the lower
verruculose, the apex rather slenderly acuminate, base deeply
cordate, the sinus narrow, the basal lobes somewhat angular or
repand, the margins otherwise entire or very obscurely undulate,
the nerves and reticulations prominent; petioles about 3.5 cm
long ; tendrils up to at least 15 cm in length, glabrous. Pistillate
flowers solitary, axillary, ebracteate, their pedicels 1.5 to 3 cm
long, the tube slender, cylindric, including the ovarian part 6 to
7 cm long. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 6 to 7 mm long.
Petals obovate, puberulent, about 3 cm long, white, split to the
middle or beyond into numerous very slender fimbriae. Imma-
ture fruits ellipsoid, about 5 cm long, deeply wrinkled when dry,
glabrous, castaneous when dry. Seeds oblong-lanceolate, com-
pressed, about 1.3 cm long.
Catanduanes, Bur. Sci. 30364 Ramos, November 27, 1917, border of
forests near abaca (Manila hemp) plantations, slopes of Mount Mari-
guidon.
This species is well characterized by its oblong-ovate, deeply cordate
leaves, which are entire or slightly undulate, not at all lobed, and its
ellipsoid fruits.
[Vol. XIII, Sec. C, No. 3, including pages 123 to 200, was issued July 16,
1918; and No. 4, including pages 201 to 262, was issued September
21, 1918.]
THE PHILIPPINE BUREAU OF SCIENCE
RECENT PUBLICATIONS
AN INTERPRETATION OF RUMPHIUS’S HERBARIUM AMBOINENSE
By E. D. Merrill
Based on the collections made in Amboina by the late Charles Budd
Robinson
Order No. 450. Bureau of Science Publication No. 9. Paper, 595 pages and 2 maps.
Price $3, United States currency, postpaid.
The Herbarium Amboinense is a classical work on the Malayan
flora and one that is absolutely essential to the systematist to-day.
The great importance of the work is due to the fact that later
authors have made the Rumphian descriptions and figures the
actual “types” of many binomials. As an original source the
Herbarium Amboinense stands preeminent among all the early
publications on Malayan botany.
Professor Merrill’s interpretation of the Herbarium Ambo-
inense discusses the status of each species described by Rumphius
and assigns it to a position in the modern system of classifica-
tion. This publication will be of great service to any one work-
ing on Indo-Malayan systematic botany.
A GRAMMAR OF LEPANTO IGOROT AS IT IS SPOKEN AT BAUCO
By Morice Vanoverberg
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CONTENTS
Page.
MERRILL, E. D. New or noteworthy Philippine plants, XIV 263
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Vol. XIII, Sec. C, No 6 November 1918
THE PHILIPPINE
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
ALVIN J. COX, M. A., Ph. D.
GENERAL EDITOR
Section C. Botany
E. D. MERRILL, M. S.
EDITOR
WITH THE COOPERATION OF
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MANILA
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1918
PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
A TEN=YEAR INDEX
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STUDIES IN PHILIPPINE DIPTERA, II
By M. Bezzi
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THE PHILIPPINE
Journal of Science
C. Botany
VOL. XIII NOVEMBER, 1918 No. 6
MERRILLIA, A NEW RUTACEOUS GENUS OF THE TRIBE
CITREAE FROM THE MALAY PENINSULA
By Walter T. Swingle
TWO PLATES
In the tropical regions of the Eastern hemisphere there occurs
a small but very well-marked group of citrous plants having
large fruits with a woody or leathery pericarp, and five or
more locules with numerous seeds embedded in a transparent
glutinous jelly. These so-called hard-shelled citrous fruits com-
prise at present six genera and nine species, and range from the
Philippines west to Liberia in western Africa, and from India
and Indo-China to Java and other Malayan Islands. Aegle 1
with one species occurs in India and Indo-China, Balsamocitrus 2 * 4
with three species in tropical Africa, Aeglopsis with one species
in West Africa, Feronia with one species in India and Indo-China,
Feroniella 3 with two species in Indo-China and Java, and Cha-
etospermum 4 with one species in the Philippine Islands. These
six genera constitute a natural group inside the tribe Citreae.
This group I propose to recognize as a subtribe Balsamocitrinae,
1 These genera and species I have described in popular form in L. H.
Bailey’s Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. New York (1914-1917).
2 Swingle, Walter T., Le genre Balsamocitrus et un nouveau genre
voisin, Aeglopsis, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58 (mem. 8d) (1911) 225-245, t.
1-5. Reprinted in Chevalier, Aug., Novitates florae africanae, fasc. 4:
225-245, t. 1-5.
8 Swingle, Walter T., Feroniella, genre nouveau de la tribu des Citreae,
fondee sur le F. oblata, espece nouvelle de l’Indo-Chine, Suit. Soc. Bot.
France 59 (1912) 774-783, t. 18.
4 Swingle, Walter T., Chaetospermum, a new genus of hard-shelled
citrous fruits, Joum. Washington Acad. Sci. 3 (1913) 99—102.
158742
335
336 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
typified of course by Balsamo citrus. The genera of the Balsamo-
citrinae are very different from each other and have many dis-
tinct characters of taxonomic importance. In other words they
seem like the widely scattered survivors of a once larger group.
Subtribe BALSAMOCITRINAE Swingle
The genera of this subtribe fall into three divisions or super-
genera: (1) Aegle, Balsamo citrus, and Aeglopsis, with very
hard-shelled fruits having many locules and trifoliolate or rarely
unifoliolate leaves; (2) Feronia and Feroniella, with very hard-
shelled fruits with five locules coalescing into a single cavity,
and pinnate leaves; (3) Chaetospermum, with a leathery rinded
8- to 10-celled fruit and trifoliolate leaves.
Recently a new member of the Balsamo citrinae has come to
light in the Malay Peninsula. It is apparently most closely
related to Chaetospermum but differs widely from it as will be
seen from the account given below.
During the winter of 1917-18 Professor C. F. Baker sent to
me at Washington a fine specimen of the fruit of Murray a
caloxylon Ridl.,5 from a tree growing in the botanic gardens
at Singapore. It was at once apparent that this fruit did not
belong to a plant of the genus Murray a ( Chalcas ) but apper-
tained instead to the group mentioned above. As I did not have
a flowering specimen, I hesitated to publish on this plant because
it had so many aberrant characters that it seemed possible the
flower might show unexpected characters.
Upon reaching Manila in July, 1918, I was agreeably sur-
prised to find that Professor E. D. Merrill, acting director of
the Bureau of Science, had secured from Mr. I. H. Burkill,
director of the Singapore Botanic Gardens, a beautiful flowering
specimen collected in March, 1918, and also fresh fruits from
the same tree. One of these fruits had been kept in the refrig-
erator and was still fresh enough to be studied.
In the meantime Professor C. F. Baker, dean of the College
of Agriculture of the University of the Philippines, had brought
seeds from Singapore and planted them in the college nurseries
at Los Banos, Laguna Province, Luzon. These seedlings enabled
me to observe the germination characters.
Thanks to all this material, as well as my notes on the type
material of the species ( H . C. Robinson 55^8) which, through the
courtesy of Mr. E. G. Baker, I was able to study in the British
5 Ridley, H. N., New or rare Malayan plants, Series IV, Journ. Straits
Branch Roy . As. Soc. 50 (1908) 111-114.
xiii, c, 6 Swingle: Merillia, a new Rutaceous Genus 337
Museum, at South Kensington, in 1911, I now feel able to discuss
this remarkable species, in many ways unique among the plants
closely related to Citrus. In the first place all the known mem-
bers of the tribe Citreae have either unifoliolate leaves or else
pinnate leaves with strictly opposite leaflets. The other genera
of the subfamily Citratae, such as Chalcas {Murray a) , Clausena,
Glycosmis, and Micromelum, have pinnate leaves with alternately
arranged leaflets but never with a winged rachis. Up to now
a single leaf, even if immature, would serve to distinguish
any of these genera from the true Citreae. The Singapore
plant has pinnate leaves with alternate leaflets and a narrowly
but clearly winged rachis. All the pinnate-leaved members of
the subfamily Citratae have a clearly marked petiole below the
first pair of leaflets. The flowering specimen of Murraya cal-
oxylon, collected in the Singapore Botanic Gardens in March,
1918, shows sessile or subsessile leaves, the lowest leaflets being
very small, nearly opposite, and attached near to or at the very
base of the rachis. The fruits are even more remarkable, being
like Chaetospermum in having a leathery rind, but differing
widely in the irregularly lacunose pericarp and in having the
walls of the locules solid. The seeds at first glance seem to
be hairy like those of Chaetospermum and Aegle, but closer
examination of what appear to be hairs shows that they are
thin, elongated, somewhat fimbriate paleae. The seeds also show
an ariloid ridge at one edge, unlike the seeds of the other mem-
bers of this subtribe.
Many other characters of less importance serve to mark olf
this plant as perhaps the most remarkably aberrant of the
citrous fruits.
I take pleasure in naming this remarkable new genus in
honor of Professor E. D. Merrill, who has done so much valu-
able work on the flora of the Philippines, the Malayan region,
and southern China.
MERRILLIA genus novum
(Rutaceae, Citratae, Balsamocitrinae)
Genus Chaetospermo (Roem.) Swingle ut videtur affinis
perspicue differt ovario 5- vel 6-loculare, pericarpio irregulariter
lacunoso, seminibus dense paleaceis, paleae elongatae, membra-
naceae, leviter laciniatae, foliis sessilibus, pinnatis, rhachibus
anguste alatis, foliolis alternis.
Arbor inermis. Folia pinnata, sessilis vel subsessilis, rhachi-
bus anguste alatis ; foliola alterna, inferioribus parvis,'; sursum
gradatim ma.iores, terminalibus majoribus; petiolulo brevissimo.
338 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
Inflorescentia axillaris, 2-1-floris. Floris § , majusculi, 5-meri.
Calyx 5-partitus, parvus, lobis triangulari-ovatis. Petala 5,
deorsum angustatis. Stamina 10, libera, inaequalia. Ovarium
5- rariter 6-loculare, stipitatum, in stylum elongatum attenuatum,
stigmate capitato; ovula in loculis 8 ad 10. Bacca subglobosa,
magna, pericarpio crassissime coriaceo, irregulariter radiatim-
lacunoso, septis cartilagineis, loculis muco repletis, semina nume-
rosa (in quoque loculo ca. 8 ad 10), lenticularis, testa dense
paleaceis, paleae leviter fimbriatae, membranaceae, elongatae,
hilo carinato, subariloideo. Germinatione cotyledones subterra-
neae, foliis primariis simplicibus, oppositis, late ovato-lanceo-
latis.
The type species of this genus is Murraya caloxylon RidL, a
tree native to the Malay Peninsula. It is known from southern
Siam and Upper Perak, and is in cultivation in the Singapore
Botanic Gardens.
Specimens examined: H. C. Robinson 55U8, Upper Perak,
Kenering, at 500 feet elevation (British Museum, London) ;
/. H. Burkill, March, 1918, from a tree cultivated in the Singa-
pore Botanic Gardens, the specimen with flowers and fruits.
Only one species is known, the katinga of the Malay Penin-
sula and Siam.
MERRILLIA CALOXYLON (Ridley) Swingle comb. nov. Plates V and VI.
Murraya caloxylon Ridley in Journ. Straits Branch Roy. As. Soc.
50 (1908) 113.
The original description is as follows:
Murraya caloxylon, n. sp.
A tree of considerable size the branches covered with a pale flaky bark.
Leaves 8 inches or more long with 13 leaflets, rachis flattened and winged
narrow, leaflets 3-31 inches long or less by 11 inch wide, alternate oblan-
ceolate obtusely acuminate with a triangular base, minutely petiolate
inequilateral thin bright deep green. Flowers pale yellowish green sev-
eral together in small panicles, in the upper axils of a branch, about
an inch long. Sepals connate ovate acute inch long. Petals and
stamens not seen. Ovary stalked, hairy, style rather stout hairy, stigma
capitulate. Fruit oblong rounded at both ends, 4 inches long and three
inches in diameter, the pericarp dotted and warty greenish eventually
becoming yellow, half an inch thick, lemon yellow inside, full of long
resin cells narrowed at the mouth and dilated below, cells 5, with rather
thick tough walls, pulp of transparent flattened sticky fibers olive green
in colour and tasteless. Seeds numerous about 5 in a section ovate
flattened half an inch long £ inch thick, olive grey.
Southern Siam: Patani (Penney) ; Upper Perak: Kenering at 500 feet
elevation (Robinson 5548).
This tree known as the Katinga is famous in the Malay peninsula
for its beautiful wood. This handsome wood is of light yellow color,
xiii, c, 6 Swingle: Merillia, a new Rutaceous Genus 339
ornamented with dark brown streaks and strains, fairly hard in texture
and taking a good polish. Mr. F. Penney obtained a considerable quantity
of the wood from Siamese territory North of Province Wellesley, from
which he had made furniture, boxes, etc., which was very highly valued
on account of its beauty. He obtained also leaves and fruit of the
tree. For the flowers I am indebted to Mr. H. C. Robinson, who met
with it in Upper Perak.
It differs from other species of the genus in the greater size of the
leaves, the conspicuously stalked ovary, and the remarkable fruit which
resembles a citron. The rind has a bitter terpentiney flavour, and the
comparatively scanty pulp is quite tasteless. The fruit is so entirely
different from that of any other species of the genus that the plant
might almost be separated generically.
In the introduction to the fourth series of New or Rare
Malayan Plants 6 the following paragraph occurs :
The well known furniture wood Katinga from the Siamese borders
has long been prized and I obtained leaves and a fruit some years ago
from Mr. F. G. Penney, who had a fine collection of furniture made from
its wood. A number of young plants were raised in the Botanic Gardens,
and I lately obtained specimens shewing parts of the flower from Mr.
H. C. Robinson. It proves to be a Murray a allied to the well known
Kamuning wood, so much valued for the handles and sheaths of Krises.
As Ridley did not have good flowering specimens or fresh
fruits the original description should be supplemented in some
particulars and emended in others. The following notes were
made from the flowering specimen and fruit collected in March,
1918, from the tree cultivated in the Singapore Botanic Gardens.
The leaves of fruiting twigs are sessile, pinnate, with 6 to 8
alternate leaflets. The petiole is very short or wanting, the
rachis 10 to 15 cm long, narrowly winged, the wing increasing
in width gradually up to the point of attachment of the leaflets,
then suddenly diminishing. The leaflets are very unequal in size
and shape, the basal ones — sometimes a pair nearly opposite —
being very small, 5 to 10 mm in diameter, and very broad, often
suborbicular. The lateral leaflets increase rapidly in size up
to the penultimate, and at the same time become narrower and
more pointed, becoming also somewhat inequilateral. The penul-
timate leaflet is 70 to 80 by 20 to 30 mm, rhomboid-lanceolate,
subacuminate at the apex but with the very tip bluntly rounded ;
the base is cuneate. The terminal leaflet is like the penultimate
in shape but symmetrical, 80 to 100 by 30 to 35 mm. The
margins of the leaflets are wavy, sometimes slightly serrate.
The very young leaves, like the young twigs, are minutely
pubescent, but the older leaflets become nearly glabrous. The
0 Ridley, H. N., op. cit., p. 111.
340
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
oil dots are small but very numerous. Inflorescences 1- or 2-
flowered, axillary, pedicels slender with a few minute bracts.
The flower buds are very large, 35 to 45 by 10 to 12 mm, greenish-
white. The petals are 35 to 40 by 5 to 10 mm, bluntly pointed
at the apex and narrowed gradually to the base. Stamens 10,
unequal, filaments long, slender, free. Pistil 20 to 25 mm long,
slightly hairy, with a clavate ovary narrowing abruptly into
the cylindric style 12 to 15 mm long, which ends in a capitate
stigma. Ovary 5- or 6-celled, narrowing gradually toward the
base. Fresh fruits subglobose, when dry often slightly oval,
70 to 80 mm in diameter, nearly smooth, gray-green with a
leathery pericarp 10 to 12 mm thick with irregular branched
lacunae filled with a resinous gum; loculae 5 or 6, with carti-
laginous solid walls 3 to 4 mm thick, the locules filled with a
transparent jellylike gum surrounding the seeds. Seeds 8 to
10 in a locule, lenticular, 9 to 10 by 7 to 8 by 3.5 to 4 mm,
gray-green in color, abundantly provided with very thin, elon-
gated, hairlike, slightly fimbriate paleae 6 to 10 mm long, 0.26
to 2 mm wide. Near the hilum on the angle of the seed is a
light yellowish-gray ariloid ridge 5 to 7 mm long and 1 to 2
mm high; because of the numerous hairlike fimbriate paleae
the seeds almost completely fill the space, the interstices alone
being filled with transparent jellylike gum. In the fresh fruits
the paleae of the seeds being embedded in the transparent gum
are very inconspicuous, but become increasingly conspicuous as
the fruit dries.
On germination the cotyledons remain buried, the first pair
of foliage leaves are opposite, entire, broadly lanceolate, the
next few foliage leaves are pinnate with more and more leaflets.
The leaflets often have sharply serrate margins.
The specimens studied at Manila, collected in March, 1918,
as well as the fruits sent to Washington and the seeds planted
at Los Banos, all come from a tree in the Singapore Botanic
Gardens. It is probable that it was grown from seeds taken
from the fruit sent to the former director, H. N. Ridley, “some
years” before 1908, collected by F. G. Penney in southern Siam,
especially as Ridley states in his original description of the
species that he then had seedlings in the botanic garden. If
planted, say in 1904, the tree would have been old enough to
bear fruit in 1917 when Professor Baker collected fruits.
POSSIBLE ECONOMIC USES OF THE KATINGA
If the katinga proves to be rather closely related to Chaeto-
spermum it is not improbable that, like Chaetospermum gluti-
xiii, c, 6 Swingle : Merillia, a new Rutaceous Genus 341
nosum (Blanco) Swingle, it may be used as a stock upon which
to graft the commonly cultivated species of Citrus. Mr. Ridley
has called attention to the beauty of the wood of the katinga
and Mr. F. G. Penney secured enough of this wood in southern
Siam to make a much-admired set of furniture. The flowers are
very large and it is possible that this species would be worthy
of cultivation as an ornamental plant. At any rate it deserves
a place in every tropical and subtropical botanic garden and
arboretum.
ILLUSTRATIONS
[The drawings of the fruit and seeds are from a nearly dry fruit preserved for some months
in a refrigerator. Drawings by J. K. Santos.]
Plate V. Merrillia caloxylon (Ridley) Swingle.
A flowering branch from specimens taken from a tree growing
in the Singapore Botanic Gardens,, showing young and
mature leaves and mature buds, one opening. Natural size.
VI. Merrillia caloxylon (Ridley) Swingle.
a, a mature bud, natural size, drawn from the large bud shown
in Plate V soaked in water and partly opened.
b, pistil, X 2.
c, cross section of the ovary, x 20.
d, a seed, natural size.
e, a seed deprived of its paleae, showing the ariloid ridge at
the hilum.
f, cross section of a seed, X 2.
g, longitudinal section of a seed, X 2.
h, paleae from the seed, X 4.
i, cross section of a partly dry ripe fruit, natural size.
j, tangential section of a part of the pericarp, x 5, showing
the lacunae.
343
Swingle: Merrillia.]
[Phil. Journ. Sci., XIII, C, No. 6.
PLATE V. MERRILLIA CALOXYLON (RIDLEY) SWINGLE.
Swingle: Merrillia.]
[Phil. Journ. Sci., XIII, C, No. 6.
PLATE VI. MERRILLIA CALOXYLON (RIDLEY) SWINGLE.
The Philippine Journal of Science, C. Botany
Vol. XIII, No. 6, November, 1918.
THE THEORY OF LIMITING FACTORS
By William H. Brown
(From the College of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines, and the
Bureau of Science, Manila, P. /.)
one text figure
Since the appearance in 1905 of Blackman’s 1 paper on limit-
ing factors, this subject has received considerable attention. In
his paper Blackman postulates as an axiom: When the process
is conditioned as to its rapidity by a number of separate factors,
the rate of the process is limited by the pace of the 4 slowest ’
factor.
While such a theory might work in some cases, it may be said
that it is a theory only, and that it has not been proven 'to be
generally applicable to physiological processes. Blackman’s best
evidence appears to have been deduced from Matthei’s work on
photosynthesis.2 However, Brown and Heise 3 have shown that
the conclusions reached by Matthei were due to misinterpreta-
tion. An examination of their paper would seem to show that
this work cannot be used in proof of Blackman’s theory. In re-
viewing Brown and Heise’s paper Crocker 4 made a mistake in
saying that they misquoted Kanitz’s formula, an error which
he himself has since corrected.
The idea of limiting factors as developed by Blackman has
not been clearly understood by all writers on the subject, so it
may be well to examine its meaning. According to Blackman’s
development of this theory, there would appear to be a limiting
factor for a physiological process under all conditions. An
increase in the intensity of any other factor (unless, perhaps,
the increase were so great as to be harmful) would be without
effect, as the rate of the process is limited by the limiting factor.
Blackman, F. F., Optima and limiting factors, Ann. Bot. 19 (1905)
281-295.
* Matthei, G. L. C., Experimental researches of temperature on carbon
dioxide assimilation, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London B97 (1905) 47-105.
3 Brown, W. H., and Heise, G. W., The application of photochemical
temperature coefficients to carbon dioxide assimilation, Philip. Journ. Sci.
12 (1917) Bot. 1-25.
* Crocker, Wm., Photosynthesis, Bot. Gaz. 65 (1918) 568-569.
345
346 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
If there were two limiting factors, then the intensity of both
would have to be increased to augment the rate of the process,
as increasing only one would still leave the other as a limiting
factor. It would follow from this that it could not be possible
under any condition to increase the intensity of either of two
factors independently and get an increase in the rate of a pro-
cess in both cases; for, if either were limiting, an increase in
the intensity of the other would be without effect. On the other
hand, if neither factor were limiting, then some other would be,
and an increase in the intensity of either or both of the two
factors that are not limiting would be entirely without effect.
This point of view is clearly shown in Blackman’s discussion
in the paper cited above, and also in a paper on assimilation
in submerged water plants.®
In the latter paper Blackman and Smith determine the rela-
tion of variations in the concentration of carbon dioxide to
photosynthesis ; also of two different temperatures and two light
intensities to photosynthesis. They presented these results in
the form of a diagram on page 402, in which the ordinates
represent the assimilation. Separate curves were drawn re-
presenting the relation to assimilation of the carbon-dioxide
supply, the temperature, and the illumination. Concerning these
curves they write as follows:
* * * We can by inspection tell exactly what minimum of C02,
temperature, and light will be required for any one of the values of
assimilation on the ordinates by following the horizontal line right across
the diagram and noting where it intersects the three curves respectively.
Reciprocally, given any hypothetical combination of different magnitudes
of the three factors, we have only to note in the diagram the values of
assimilation corresponding to each of them, and we can foretell that the
value of assimilation actually attained in that combination will be the
lowest of the three values.
Now, according to this last quotation, if temperature were
the limiting factor, an increase in carbon-dioxide supply or illu-
mination would appear to have no effect. Blackman and
Smith’s paper was supposed to demonstrate the action of the
theory of limiting factors as proposed by Blackman.5 6 It may,
therefore, be interesting to examine some of the results.
The first section of the paper deals with the relation of the
5 Blackman, F. F., and Smith, A. M., Experimental researches on
vegetable assimilation and respiration. IX. — On assimilation in submerged
water-plants, and its relation to the concentration of carbon dioxide and
other factors, Proc. Roy. Soc. London B83 (1910-1911) 389-412.
6 Blackman, F. F., and Smith, A. M., op. cit.
XIII, C, 6
Brown: Theory of Limiting Factors
347
carbon-dioxide supply to assimilation. The largest number of
experiments were performed with Elodea and the next largest
with a bryophyte, Fontinalis. There were also three experi-
ments with Ceratoyhyllum and one with Potamogeton.
In these experiments light was measured in arbitrary units.
The experiments with Elodea were conducted with varying
amounts of carbon dioxide, varying temperatures, and light
intensity of either 5.7 or 8.1 units. In plotting the curve for
Elodea, Blackman and Smith do not indicate either the tem-
perature or the light intensity for any of these experiments.
For this reason the results are plotted in fig. 1 of the present
paper. In this figure the ordinates represent assimilation and
Carbon-dioxide supply.
Fig. 1. Relation of assimilation to supply of carbon-dioxide. Data from Blackman and
Smith.
the abscissae the supply of carbon dioxide in terms of grams
of carbon dioxide in 100 cc of water. The experiments per-
formed with 8.1 units of light are represented by crosses, and
those with 5.7 units by continuous circles. The temperature
at which these experiments were performed is written by the
point representing the result. The position of Blackman and
Smith’s curve, as nearly as could be determined, is represented
by a line of long dashes. According to Blackman and Smith,
this curve for photosynthesis rises with increasing concentra-
tions until it reaches a certain point, after which there is no
further rise, as some other factor (which in this case seems to
be light) has become limiting. This interpretation is illustrated
348
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
very clearly by the form of the curve. It would seem, however,
that it would be more instructive to draw separate curves for
the experiments with different light intensities. Following this
idea a solid line has been drawn to represent the experiments
performed with 5.7 units of light, and a line of short dashes
to represent those with 8.1 units. On examining these two
curves it will be seen that the curve for 8.1 units of light is
considerably higher than that for 5.7 units, a result which is
not surprising. The curve for 8.1 units does not appear to
reach an optimum with the supply of carbon dioxide employed
with this light. The curve for 5.7 units at first rises rapidly
with increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide, then more
slowly until it reaches what appears to be an optimum, after
which it falls. An examination of the two experiments with the
highest concentrations shows that they were performed at tem-
peratures of 28° and 30°, whereas those with the lower concen-
trations were carried out with a temperature of 19°. According
to the work of Van Amstel,7 a rise of temperature from 24° to
34° increases the rate of assimilation of Elodea by 26 per cent.
Now, in view of this, it seems possible that these last two ex-
periments showed a rate of assimilation at least 20 per cent
higher than they would have shown had they been performed
at a temperature of 19°. If we apply to them a correction of
20 per cent, then the points representing them would take the
positions indicted by the broken circles. The curve drawn to
pass between these points is shown as a dotted line and indi-
cates, even more clearly than the solid line, that there is an
optimum concentration of carbon dioxide. Either the curve
represented by the solid line, or this curve as modified by the
dotted line, would seem to represent the experiments more ac-
curately than Blackman and Smith’s curve, and both fail to
show the operation of any limiting factor. Moreover, since the
curve for light intensity of 5.7 units rises with increasing con-
centration of carbon dioxide up to a certain point, and the
curve for light intensity of 8.1 lies above it, it would seem
that an increase in either the light intensity or the carbon
dioxide would bring about an increased rate of assimilation.
This is, of course, exactly the opposite of Blackman’s theory,
according to which it would be impossible to increase the in-
tensity of either one of two factors and in either case get an
increase in the rate of the process.
1 Van Amstel, J. E., On the influence of temperature on the COu-assimila-
tion of Helodea canadensis, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 13 (1916) 1-29.
xiii, c, 6 Brown: Theory of Limiting Factors 349
An examination of Blackman and Smith’s curve for Fontinalis
shows that it might just as well have been drawn to indicate
an optimum as to demonstrate the operation of a limiting factor.
If the theory of limiting factors as expounded by Blackman
held rigidly for all physiological processes, we would expect
it to be a well-known and generally applied law in physical
chemistry dealing with such things as pressure, temperature,
and concentrations. Such, however, is not the case, as two
very simple examples will illustrate:
First, we may take the case of the solution of carbon dioxide
in water. If carbon dioxide is in an atmosphere in the pro-
portion of 1 per cent and under a pressure of one atmosphere,
it will go into solution at a given rate. If now we indepen-
dently increase either the concentration of carbon dioxide to 2
per cent or the pressure to two atmospheres, the rate at which
the carbon dioxide will be dissolved will increase. Clearly in
this case there is no single limiting factor.
Another example is afforded by the action of hydrochloric acid
on calcium carbonate. We will suppose that a 10 per cent so-
lution of hydrochloric acid is acting on a given amount of
calcium carbonate at a temperature of 15°. If now we increase
independently the concentration of the acid to 15 per cent, or
the temperature to 20°, the rate of the reaction will be increased.
In this case also there is clearly no single limiting factor.
If the rates of such simple chemical processes as those just
mentioned do not show the operation of a limiting factor, it is
hardly to be expected that physiological processes in general
would do so. It might be mentioned that, if Blackman’s the-
ory did hold, we would expect to find instances frequently re-
ported. But such does not seem to be the case. That one
factor should have much more influence than another under
certain conditions is entirely reasonable and, in fact, such is
known to be the case; but this does not prove that changes in
other factors are without effect.
Crocker 8 in a review mentions quite a number of reasons
why the theory of limiting factors cannot be regarded as gen-
erally applicable to physiological processes. He says :
Hooker 9 gives an interesting discussion on the application of the law
of the minimum, or limiting factors, to biological problems. He is perhaps
fortunate, in so far as rigid application of the law is concerned, in drawing
’Crocker, W., Law of the minimum, Bot. Gaz. 65 (1918) 287-288.
9 Hooker, D. H., Liebig’s law of the minimum in relation to general
biological problems, Science N. S. 46: 197-204, 1917.
350
The Philippine Journal of Science
his early illustrations from simple chemical and physical processes, for
it is rapidly becoming a question whether the law applies to plant activities
as generally as or with anything like the rigidity assumed by some
workers. The fact of vicarious conditions, or stimuli, renders the concep-
tion of limiting factors less definite. In some light requiring seeds, for
instance, several things can be substituted for light, as salts, higher
temperatures, acids, etc. To speak of the lack of sufficient light as a
limiting factor to germination helps little. What should be learned is,
what internal condition, or inhibitor, may any one of these factors act
upon to initiate growth? The conception of an external condition as a
limiting factor frequently leads physiologists to fail to examine the internal
mechanism upon which that and other factors play to bring about a
given result. The reviewer feels that the law of the minimum should
be applied to biological problems with due realization of its limitations.
Examples might be easily multiplied. Shive,10 working with
three salt solutions found that, for a given set of external
conditions and a given total concentration, there was a certain
set of salt proportions that gave the best growth. For another
total concentration, however, all the other conditions remain-
ing as before, quite another set of salt proportions was most
favorable for growth. It is difficult to see how the theory of
limiting factors could be applied to such a case. Brown,11 work-
ing with Elodea in tap water, found that either an increase
in the carbon-dioxide supply or the addition of nutritive salts
produced an increased rate of growth.
The law of the minimum seems to be applicable within limits
when dealing with quantities of reacting chemicals which pro-
duce a given substance; but the law of the minimum, or the
theory of limiting factors, certainly does not appear to apply
generally to physiological processes, or even to chemical phe-
nomena with regard to combinations of such factors as tem-
perature, pressure, and concentrations.
10 Shive, J. W., A study of physiological balance in nutrient media,
Physiological Researches 1 (1913-1916) 327-397.
11 Brown, W. H., The relation of the substratum to the growth of Elodea,
Philip. Joum. Sci. 8 (1913) Bot. 1-20.
ILLUSTRATION
TEXT FIGURE
Fig. 1. Chart, showing the relation of assimilation to supply of carbon
dioxide. Data from Blackman and Smith.
158742— — 2
351
The Philippine Journal of Science, C. Botany.
Vol. XIII, No. 6, November, 1918.
ALTERNATE SHRINKAGE AND ELONGATION OF GROWING
STEMS OF OESTRUM NOCTURNUM *
By William H. Brown and Sam F. Trelease
( From the Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I., and the University of the
Philippines)
A number of rapidly growing plants in Manila wilt during
every comparatively dry sunny day. Conspicuous among these
are two vines, Ipomoea nil and Thunbergia grandiflora, and a
large shrub with pendent branches, Cestrum nocturnum. That
these plants lose more water during the day than they absorb
would seem to be self-evident from the fact that they wilt.
Livingston and Brown 1 have shown that the leaves of mesophy-
tic plants growing in Arizona contain considerably less water
during the day than at night. Shreve 2 has shown that this
applies not only to leaves but also to stems of Parkinsonia micro-
phylla. The size of plant parts is apparently affected by this
decrease in water content. Thoday 3 found that the leaves of
many plants shrink during the day, so that they decrease in area
two or three per cent, or in some cases as much as six per cent.
Kraus 4 has shown that tree trunks may shrink in diameter
during the day, while Darwin 5 6 * has found the same thing to
be true of the fruits of Cucurbita, and Smith 8 of the fruits of
Artocarpus.
1 Livingston, B. E., and Brown, W. H., Relation of the daily march
of transpiration to variations in the water content of foliage leaves, Bot.
Gaz. 53 (1912) 309-330.
= Shreve, E. B., The daily march of transpiration in a desert perennial,
Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. No. 194 (1914).
3 Thoday, D., Experimental researches on vegetable assimilation and
respiration. V. A critical examination of Sachs’ method for using increase
of dry weight as a measure of carbon dioxide assimilation in leaves, Proc.
Roy. Soc. London B, 82 (1909) 1-55.
4 Kraus, G., Physiologisches aus den Tropen, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg
11 (1895) 196.
5 Darwin, F., On the growth of the fruit of Cucurbita, Ann. Bot. 7
(1893) 459.
6 Smith, A. M., On the application of the theory of limiting factors to
measurements and observations of growth in Ceylon, Ann. Roy. Bot.
Gard. Peradeniya 3 (1906) 303.
353
354
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
These facts led us to undertake an experiment to determine
what changes occur in the length of stems of Oestrum nocturnum
during the day and the night. The young shoots of this plant
appear to respond very quickly by curvature to changes in their
water content. When fully turgid at night the stems bend
upward slightly. Early in the day they become less stiff and
assume a straight position. This on dry days is followed by
a downward bending until they hang down in a markedly wilted
condition. Later in the day, when they are no longer exposed
to direct sunlight, they straighten and either late in the after-
noon or early at night again become slightly bent upward.
These various changes in curvature may probably be taken to
indicate the presence of different amounts of water in the shoots.
The two plants used in the experiment were in a yard in Ma-
nila and were between two houses; owing to their position the
time of exposure to direct sunlight was different for the two.
In order to measure the changes in the length of a shoot, an
ink line was placed as near as could conveniently be done to
the growing apex, and another farther back, in a region where
elongation had apparently ceased. The distance between these
two lines was then measured at intervals during the day and
night.
On one plant four shoots were selected for such measurement.
A Livingston white spherical atmometer was placed near these
four shoots, in such position that its exposure to direct sunlight
was practically the same as was that of the four shoots. A
thermometer was placed in the shade near the shoots and read
at the same time that the measurements were made. Measure-
ments were begun at 12.30 in the afternoon, April 29, 1918, and
continued until 8.00 in the evening, the following day. The
results of these measurements, together with observations on
environmental conditions and on the appearance of the shoots,
are given in Table I. The evaporation, reduced to Livingston’s
standard, is given in cubic centimeters per hour. The period
covered by the evaporation reading for any particular hour
begins at the time of the preceding measurement.
When the first measurements of length were made all of the
shoots were in the shade, and they continued so until dark. At
8.00 in the morning of the following day they were exposed to
direct sunlight, and continued to be so exposed until after 11.00
in the morning, when the sky became overcast with clouds. Dur-
ing the afternoon the sun again shone brightly, but by this time
the plants were in the shade of a building. At 12.30 in the after-
xin, c, 6 Brown and Trelease: Shrinkage and Elongation 355
Table I. — Measurements of shoots of plant 1 of Oestrum nocturnum at
various hours during the day and night.
Tem-
Evapo-
ration
per
hour.
Measurements of shoots.
Time.
pera-
ture.
Illumination.
Shoot
1.
Shoot
2.
Shoot
3.
Shoot
4.
Condition of shoots.
i
p. m.
12.30
cc.
1. 32
cm.
9. 40
cm.
7. 60
cm.
12. 50
cm.
7.60
Much wilted.
1.30
1.38
9. 50
7. 65
12.60
7.65
Do.
2.30
1.20
9. 60
7.65
12.60
7. 65
4.00
0. 84
9. 50
7.65
12. 65
7. 70
Slightly wilted.
6.00
27
0. 90
9. 65
7.75
12.70
7. 76
Straight.
8.30
26
0. 30
Dark --
9. 75
7. 86
12. 85
7.80
Curved upward.
a. m.
7. 00
25
0. 18
10. 25
8.25
13.30
8.26
Do.
8. 00_ ..
28
0. 58
10.20
8.26
13.30
8.30
Slightly curved
9.00
29
1.34
do
10. 10
8. 10
13. 16
8.20
downward.
Very visibly wilted.
10. 00
31
1. 63
- ... .do .
10. 00
8. 10
13.05
8.15
Much wilted.
11.00
29
1.63
do
10.00
8. 10
13. 10
8. 15
Do.
12 noon__
30
1. 44
Diffused light
10.05
8. 15
13. 10
8. 20
Do.
p. m.
1.00
33
2.30
Shade
10.05
8. 15
13. 15
8.20
Less wilted.
2.00
33
2. 40
10. 10
8.15
13.20
8. 20
Slightly wilted.
Do.
3. 00
32
2.11
do
10. 10
8.20
13.20
8. 25
4.00
32
2. 21
. .do -
10. 10
8.20
13.25
8.25
Very slightly wilted. 1
5. 00
30
2.21
do
10. 10
8.25
13.25
8. 25
Do.
6. 00
27
1.34
Dusk
10. 15
8.26
13.25
8.30
Straight.
8. 00
27
0.72
Dark
10. 20
8.25
13.30
8. 30
Curved upward.
noon, when the first measurement was made, the shoots were very
much wilted, as they were also at the time of the second measure-
ment. Following this they became less wilted and were straight
by 6 o’clock, and at 8.30 in the evening they were curved upward.
This whole period was one during which the shoots were ap-
parently recovering from wilting, and in doing so they showed
an elongation amounting in the different cases to between 2
and 3.5 millimeters. At 8.30 in the evening the shoots were
curved upward and apparently had completely recovered from
wilting. Between this hour and 7 o’clock in the morning, when
still turned upward and apparently very turgid, they showed
an elongation varying in the different cases between 4 and 5
millimeters. By 8 o’clock, after having been exposed for a
short time to the sun, one of them had decreased in length 0.5
millimeter and another had elongated 0.5 millimeter, while the
other two had shown no change. The shoots at this time were
curved downward slightly. By 9 o’clock all of them were vis-
ibly wilted, and all had shortened either 1 or 1.5 millimeters.
At 10 o’clock they were very much wilted, and all except one
356 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
had decreased still further in length. Between 11 o’clock and
noon, when they were exposed to diffused light, three of them
elongated 0.5 millimeter, while the other one remained station-
ary. This latter, however, had elongated 0.5 millimeter during
the preceding hour. After this all of the shoots were in the
shade and there was a gradual elongation until 8 o’clock in the
evening, when all of the stems were again curved upward.
From the table it will be seen that, as they increased in length,
they gradually became less wilted. However, at 8 o’clock in
the evening, when all of the shoots were apparently turgid and
curved upward, the length was in every case exactly the same
as at 8 o’clock in the morning, which would indicate that they
made absolutely no growth during the intervening period. This
result would, of course, be expected from the wilted condition
of the shoots which was noticeable throughout the day. The
elongation during the first afternoon, as the shoots became more
turgid, was very probably also due simply to their regaining
the length they had possessed in the morning. If the evapor-
ating power of air is compared with the measurements of the
shoots and the condition of the plants, as shown in their
respective columns, it will be seen that the period of greatest
decrease in length and greatest degree of wilting did not coin-
cide with the time when the evaporating power of air was
greatest ; but that, when the evaporating power of air was great-
est, the plants were elongating and recovering from wilting.
Had measurements of evaporation been made with a radio-
atmometer instead of with a white atmometer, the records
would in all probability have shown greater coincidence between
the period of greatest evaporation and that of greatest wilting.
From the figures in Table I it would appear that the action of
sunlight on the leaves had a greater effect in producing wilting
than had the evaporating power of the air, as measured by the
white atmometer. That the plants did not grow during the day
but made a fairly rapid growth at night would seem to be related
to the amount of water contained in them. When the wilting of
the plants indicated that they were giving off more water than
they were absorbing, they made no growth.
Two shoots on the second plant were selected for measure-
ment. The results for these are presented in Table II in the
same form as are those in Table I. The evaporation given in
this table was measured by the atmometer placed near the
first plant and, as the atmometer was not illuminated in the
same manner as the second plant, it could not be expected to
xiii, c, b Brown and Trelease : Shrinkage and Elongation 357
Table II. — Measurements of shoots of plant 2 of Cestrum noctumum at
various hours of the day and night.
Tempe-
rature.
Evapo-
ration
per
hour.
Measurements.
Time.
Illumination.
Shoot
1.
Shoot
2.
Condition of shoots. ^
p. m.
1.30
cc.
1.38
cm.
4.05
cm.
4.55
2. 30
1.20
4. 05
4. 60
Very slightly wilted.
Straight.
Curved upward.
4.00- ...
0. 84
4. 10
4.60
6. 00
27
0. 90
4.20
4.70
a. m.
7.00 ....
25
0. 24
4.60
5.00
Do.
8. 00
28
0. 58
do
4.60
5.05
Do.
9. 00
29
1. 34
4.60
5.00
Slightly curved
downward.
Evidently wilted.
. 10. 00
31
1.63
do
4.56
5.00
11.00
29
1.63
Diffused light __
4. 60
5.05
Straight.
12 noon
30
1.44
Sun _
4.60
5. 00
Slightly wilted.
p. m.
1.00
33
2.30
do . _
4.55
5. 00
Much wilted.
2.00
33
2.40
Partial shade- - . .
4. 60
4. 95
Slightly wilted.
3.00
32
2.11
Shade _ .
4.60
5. 00
Straight.
4. 00
32
2. 21
do __ _
4.60
5.00
Do.
5.00
30
2.21
do
4. 60
5.05
Curved upward.
6.00
27
1.34
Dusk . .
4.65
5. 05
Do.
8.00
27
0.72
Dark .___
4.70
6.05
Do.
L
give an accurate measurement of evaporation near the latter.
The shoots on the second plant were not so vigorous in ap-
pearance as those on the first and showed slower rates of
growth; wilting was, moreover, less prolonged. The shoots on
the second plant were first measured at 1.30 p. m., April 29,
and measurements were continued until 8 p. m. on the follow-
ing day. At the time of the first measurement they were exposed
to direct sun and were very much wilted. An hour later they
were in partial shade and were only slightly wilted. At 4
p. m. they were in the shade and were straight, and at 6 p. m.
they were apparently very turgid and curved upward. This
whole period, therefore, may be considered as one during which
the plants were recovering from a wilted condition, and during
it both shoots elongated 1.5 millimeters. At 7 o’clock in the
morning the following day they were still curved upward; one
had increased in length 4 millimeters and the other 3. At 8
o’clock they were still in the shade and still curved upward. One
showed no change in length, while the other had increased 0.5
millimeter. At 9 o’clock they were exposed to the direct sun.
By 10 o’clock, while still in the sun, they were evidently wilted,
358 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
and both had decreased in length 0.5 millimeter. During the
next hour they were exposed to diffused light, and both increased
in length 0.5 millimeter. At the end of this hour they were
both straight. During the next two hours they were exposed to
direct sunlight, became much wilted, and decreased in length
0.5 millimeter. At 2 o’clock they were in partial shade and
were slightly wilted ; one had increased in length 0.5 millimeter,
while the other had decreased the same amount. From 2 o’clock
until dark they were in the shade. By 3 o’clock they had become
straight. By 5 o’clock they were curved upward and had re-
gained their longest previous length, having exactly the same
length as at 8 o’clock in the morning. During the following
three hours both shoots were curved upward and apparently
turgid; one increased in length 1 millimeter, while the other
remained stationary.
It will be noticed that these shoots, like the previous ones,
made no growth on the second day between 8 o’clock in the
morning and dusk, but during the elongation in the afternoon
regained only the length they had had in the morning. The
elongation which took place between 1.30 and 6 in the afternoon
of the preceding day was accompanied by a recovery from wilt-
ing and was probably also a return to a previous early morning
length.
The response of the shoots of the second plant to direct sun-
light was very striking. During the first period of sun they
decreased in length, while one hour of diffused light was sufficient
to restore their original length. Later in the day, while again
exposed to the sun, they again decreased in length.
It is interesting to note in this connection that MacDougal 7
has found that Opuntia discata might shorten during the night
as the result of increased acidity and heightened transpiration,
as is shown in the following quotation:
A number of mature joints of this succulent were placed in bearing
with precision auxographs of a type devised by the author in 1902, in
which both expansions and contractions, magnified 20 to 50 times, are
recorded. The changes of size of a mature joint, such as those indicated
in March 1913, consist mainly of swelling by increased absorption of
water made possible by disintegration of acids in the sap. This does not
proceed at an even rate, but is most rapid in the first half of the day,
being greatest from 11 a. m. until 2 p. m. During the remainder of the
day this action would fall off and actual shortening might occur at night
as a result of increased acidity and heightened transpiration. These
reversible changes in form also take place in young joints, and accompany
7 MacDougal, D. T., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book 14 (1915) 71.
xiii, c, 6 Brown and Trelease: Shrinkage and Elongation 359
growth, running parallel to its course and being determined in greater
part by identical causes.
That the water balance is actually decreased at night and increased
by day has been found by Mrs. E. B. Shreve,8 who says of a cylindropuntia :
“It was found, under conditions of average transpiration, such as occur
in the greenhouse in summer, that the water intake at night is less than
the outgo, while during the day the intake is greater than or at least
equal to the outgo .... An examination of the water-content of stems
from plants in the open and from the greenhouse showed that the highest
water-content is at 5 p. m. after the close of a bright day, and the lowest
just before daylight the next morning, with an intermediate amount at
noon.”
In the case of Cestrum the shortening during the day would
appear to be very evidently connected with excessive trans-
piration.
That excessive transpiration may check growth or cause ac-
tual shrinkage has been demonstrated by Lloyd 9 in Eriogonum.
Concerning his experiments he says:
The daily march of growth is as follows: During the early daylight
hours until about 8 there is usually a slight rise in growth-rate. After
that hour the rate falls to a low value, or, much more frequently, there
ensues an actual shrinkage. This is the period during which the loss
of water by transpiration is rapidly increasing, reaching its maximum
at about noon. Coincidentally with the checking of transpiration, the
growth-rates rapidly increase in value, the maximum rate being attained
by 1 or 2 p. m., and thereafter maintained, with fluctuations, until 6 p.
m., when the rates fall to the night values. The afternoon rates are great
enough to more than make up for the negative behavior of the morning,
except, as above stated, under unusual conditions.
* * * it was found possible experimentally to alter the rates both
positively and negatively quite independently of the constancy, increase,
or decrease of illumination, even when this has been increased with
respect to the growing part by insolation from three directions. There
seems, indeed, to be no maximum insolation normally occurring in the
field at this locality which can cause any cessation or inhibition of growth
when conditions obtain which insure water-supply to the growing part.
Thus, when a cessation of growth is apparent, it may be checked, and
high rates instituted, by the removal of leaves (which divert the water-
supply), by increasing the vapor-tension in the vicinity of the growing
part, * * *.
The present results on Cestrum indicate that a retardation
or inhibition of growth during the day may be due to other
conditions than the direct action of light. In this they agree
with Lloyd’s results and tend to support MacDougal’s earlier
conclusions: 10
8 Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book 13 (1914) 98, 99.
“Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book 15 (1916) 58.
10 MacDougal, D. T., Influence of light and darkness on growth and
development, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Garden 2 (1903) 307.
360 The Philippine Journal of Science
The failure of a large proportion of the forms examined to make an
accelerated or exaggerated growth when freed from the influence of
light, even when provided with an adequate food supply, shows that light
has no invariable or universal relation to increase in length, or thickness,
or to the multiplication or increase in volume of separate cells.
Oestrum nocturnum is one of the most rapidly growing of
all cultivated plants in Manila; it branches profusely and in a
very short time grows into a large shrub. It seems to grow
very much better when fully exposed to the sun than it does
in the shade. It is interesting to note that this plant is so
apparently adversely affected by the very conditions that seem
to be necessary for its rapid growth. However, while it is not
elongating, it may be accumulating food to be used in elongation
at night, and it is doubtful whether or not the apparently
adverse effect of high transpiration during the day has any
considerable influence on the total rate of growth of the plant
for a day and night period.
The shortening of the shoot during the day is apparently a
very similar process to the decrease in the diameter of fruits
and stems, the decrease in area of leaves, and the lessened
water-content of leaves. It thus appears that perhaps all aerial
parts of mesophytic plants may decrease in size as the result
of excessive water loss.
SUMMARY
Shoots of Oestrum nocturnum wilt regularly on every com-
paratively dry day during the time they are exposed to direct
sunlight. During such days they may decrease in length; and
late in the afternoon or early at night, when they again become
turgid, return to their original length. At night they elon-
gate rapidly, while during most of the day they may show no
elongation except insofar as, in the late afternoon, they return
to their original length. Absence of growth and actual shrink-
age during the day are apparently connected with excessive
transpiration, which causes the plants to lose more water than
they absorb.
The Philippine Journal of Science, C. Botany.
Vol. XIII, No. 6, November, 1918.
SOME RECENTLY COLLECTED PHILIPPINE FUNGI, II1
By Harry S. Yates
( From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of
Science, Manila)
MUCORACEAE
RHIZOPUS Ehrenberg
RHIZOPUS ARTOCARPI (B. & Br.) Rac. in Paras. Alg. Pilze Javas 1
(1900) 11.
Mucor artocarpi B. & Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14 (1875) 137.
Luzon, Nueva Ecija Province, Munoz, Bur. Sci. 30625 Arce, March,
1918, on inflorescences of Artocarpus integrifolia L. f.
This interesting fungus was first described from Ceylon material on
inflorescences of Artocarpus. In 1900 Raciborski reported it on the same
host in Java. An account of a physiological study of this fungus by
Sartory and Sydow made from Philippine material collected by Prof. C.
F. Baker appeared in Ann. Myc. 11 (1913) 421.
PERONOSPORACEAE
PLASMOPARA Schroeter
PLASMOPARA CUBENSIS (B. & C.) Humphrey in Mass. Agric. Exp.
Station Rept. (1890) 210, t. 2, f. 11-iJt.
Peronospora cubensis B. & C. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 10 (1869) 363.
Luzon, Manila, Bur. Sci. 30627 Day, March 27, 1918, on leaves of
Cucumis sativus.
PHYTOPHTHORA De Bary
PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS (Mont.) De Bary in Journ. Bot. 14
(1876) 106; Journ. Roy. Agric. Soc. 12 (1876) 239-269.
Botrytis infestans Mont, in Mem. de l’Inst. (1845) 313.
Luzon, Lepanto Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 25208 Yates, April, 1916:
Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Bur. Sci. 25197 Yates, March 18, 1916, on
leaves of Solanum tuberosum.
BULGARIACEAE
BULGARIASTRUM Sydow
BULGARI ASTRUM CAESPITOSUM Syd. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913)
Bot. 497.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27799 Ramos, March
18, 1917, on leaves of Capparis sepiaria.
' The first paper of this series was published in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 2
(1917) Bot. 361-380.
361
362 The Philippine Journal of Science 191&
CENANGIACEAE
TR Y BLI DI ELLA Saccardo
TRYBLIDIELLA MINDANAENSIS P. Henn. in Hedwigia 47 (1908) 261.
Basilan, Isabela, Bur. Sci. 25884 Yates, November, 1917, on dead
branches of Hevea brasiliensis.
PERISPORIACEAE
DIMERIUM Theissen
DIMERIUM TAYABENSE sp. nov.
Mycelio ex hyphis tenuibus ramosis subhyalinis ca. 2 p cras-
sis composito; peritheciis globosis vel ovoideis, 45-55 p diam.,
astomatis, membranaceis, obscure brunneis, pseudoparenchyma-
ticis, setis paucis (6-12), brunneis, septatis, ca. 20 p longis;
ascis numerosis, subclavatis, octosporis, 40 x 12 p; sporidiis
distichis, brunneis, ovoideo-oblongis, 1-septatis, constrictis, lo-
culo superiore latiore, 10-12 x 2 p.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28890 Ramos &
Edano, May 13, 1917, parasitic on the mycelium of Meliola and Asterina
on the upper leaf surface of Momordica sp.
Dimerium tayabensis appears to be growing on both the Meliola and
Asterina momordicae Yates. The spots formed by the combination of the
three fungi are black, crustaceous and about 2-3 mm diameter. The
Meliola is an apparently undescribed species with brown 4-septate spores,
40-45 x 12-15 p, and with a rather coarse irregularly branching mycelium
of 9-10 p broad hyphae. The capitate hyphopodia are mostly alternate,
and the end cell is ovate or irregular, 12-15 p in diameter. No setae
were seen.
MELIOLA Fries
MELIOLA BARR I N GTQN I A E Yates in Philip. Journ. Sci. 12 (1917)
Bot. 363.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Antipolo, Bur. Sci. 29572 Ramos & Edano,
July, 1917, on leaves of Barringtonia sp.
The material appears to be rather young and the perithecia are smaller
than in the type, the largest attaining a diameter of only 140 p.
MELIOLA BATAANENSIS Syd. in Ann. Myc. 12 (1914) 551.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Bur. Sci. 26741 Ramos, October, 1916, on
leaves of Millettia.
The present specimen is probably best referred to this species, though
it differs in several respects from the type. The setae are much longer
(500-700 p) and occasionally forked, and the perithecia average somewhat
larger. The material appears to be more mature and more fully developed
than the type.
MELIOLA CALLICARPAE Syd. in Ann. Myc. 10 (1912) 80.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27794 Ramos, March
10, 1917, on leaves of Callicarpa sp.
XIII. C, 6
Yates: Philippine Fungi
363
MELIOLA CLERODENDRICOLA P. Henn. in Hedwigia 37 (1898) 288.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 26754. Ramos, October to November,
1916, on leaves of Clerodendron sp.
MELIOLA DESMODI Karst. & Roum. in Rev. Myc. 12 (1890) 77.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 25890 Yates, January, 1917, on leaves
of Desmodium: Cavite Province, Talisay ridge, Merrill 11202, January
21, 1917, on leaves of Desmodium.
M ELiOLA DIPLOCHAETA Syd. in Lead. Philip. Bot. 5 (1912) 1536.
Luzon, Apayao Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 28338 Fenix, May 9, 1917, on
leaves of Talauma villariana.
The specimen agrees very well with the type which was collected in
Palawan. This is apparently a rather abundant species on this host
but seldom producing perithecia.
MELIOLA FAGRAEAE Syd. in Ann. Myc. 12 (1914) 549.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Mount Lumutan, Bur. Sci. 29811 Ramos & Edano,
September 3, 1917, on leaves of Fagraea.
In these specimens the perithecia are much larger than in the type,
sometimes attaining a diameter of more than 220 e. Like the type, this
material is densely overgrown by Helminthosporium.
MELIOLA GYMNOSPOR1AE Syd. in Ann. Myc. 10 (1912) 79.
Luzon, Manila and vicinity, Bur. Sci. 30617 Yates, February, 1918,
on leaves of Gymnospora spinosa.
MELIOLA HAMATA Syd. in Ann. Myc. 12 (1914) 548.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 25894 Yates, January 21, 1917, on
leaves of Buchanania arborescens.
MELIOLA LITSEAE Yates in Philip. Journ. Sci. 12 (1917) Bot. 366.
Luzon, Manila and vicinity, Bar. Sci. 25845 Yates, March, 1916, on
leaves of Litsea glutinosa.
MELIOLA M ANG1 FERAE Earle in Bull. New York Bot. Card. 3 (1904)
307.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Antipolo, Bur. Sci. 22698 Ramos, June 10, 1915,
on leaves of Mangifera indica.
MELIOLA MICROMERA Syd. in Ann. Myc. 12 (1914) 552.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 25895 Yates, January 21, 1917, on
leaves of Gmelina philippensis.
MELIOLA MITRAGYNES Syd. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913) Bot. 478.
Luzon, Manila and vicinity, Bur. Sci. 25900 Yates, February, 1917, on
leaves of Mitragyne rotundifolia.
MELIOLA RAMOSI Syd. in Ann. Myc. 12 (1914) 552.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Umiray, Bur. Sci. 29079 Ramos & Edano,
June 2, 1917, on leaves of Homonoia riparia.
MELIOLA TAMARINDI Syd. in Ann. Myc. 10 (1912) 79.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 25896 Yates, January 19, 1917, on
leaves of Tamarindus indica.
364
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
MELIOLA AMOORAE sp. nov.
Maculas epiphyllas, atras, subpelliculosas, irregulares et mag-
nam partem folium occupantes; mycelio abundante, ex hyphis
laevis brunneis radiantibus 7-8 g crassis formato; ramis op-
positis; hyphopodiis capitatis numerosissimis, oppositis, cellula
superiore ovata, 9-10 g longa, 6 g lata, cellula inferiore 4-5 g
longa; hyphopodiis mucronatis ampulliformibus, irregularibus,
usque ad 15 g longis; setis paucis, rectis, erectis, opacis, acutis,
450-600 g longis, ad basim 10 g latis; peritheciis numerosis,
globosis, atris, subopacis, 120-130 g diametro; ascis ovatis, 40
x 20 g, 4-sporis; sporidiis subcylindraceis, utrinque late rotun-
datis, 4-septatis, ad septa leviter constrictis, brunneis, 30 x 12-
15 ix.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28908 Ramos &
Edaho, May 20, 1917, on leaves of Amoora sp.
MELIOLA APAYAOENSIS sp. nov.
Amphigena, plerumque epiphylla, plagulas atras, velutinas,
orbiculares, 3-8 mm diam. ; mycelio ex hyphis radiantibus
brunneis septatis 6-7 g latis composite, articulis 25-35 /x longis;
hyphopodiis capitatis numerosis, alternantibus, vel unilatera-
libus, bicellularibus, cellula superiore ovata vel lobata 15-18 g
diam., cellula inferiore 6-10 /x longa ; hyphopodiis mucronatis non
visis; setis mycelicis numerosissimis, erectis, rectis vel leviter
curvatis, atris, opacis, versus apicem brunneis, acutis, 200-280
ix longis, 10-12. /x crassis; peritheciis paucis, globosis, tubercu-
latis, atris, opacis, 175-200 fx diam. ; ascis bisporis, 50-60 x
20-30 ix ; sporidiis 4-septatis, ad septa leviter constrictis, sub-
cylindraceis, utrinque rotundatis, brunneis 50-58 g longis, 13-16
\x latis.
Luzon, Apayao Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 28831 Fenix, May 7, 1917, on
leaves of Macaranga tancurius.
This species is distinguished by the very numerous short mycelial setae;
the alternate capitate hyphopodia; and the large spores tapering slightly
from the middle toward the ends. In this species the spores sometimes
germinate while still within the perithecia. Two such spores were ob-
served with germ tubes about 40 ix in length.
MELIOLA BANAHAENSIS sp. nov.
Hypophylla, plagulas orbiculares 3-8 mm diam. velutinas
atras formans ; mycelio ex hyphis densissime intertextis ra-
mosis castaneo-brunneis 7-8 n crassis formato; hyphopodiis ca-
pitatis alternantibus, cellula superiore ovata 12-15 g diam., cellula
inferiore brevi, 6-8 g longa; hyphopodiis mucronatis paucis,
irregularibus, ampulliformibus, usque ad 20 g longis; setis my-
XIII, C, 6
Yates: Philippine Fungi
365
celicis numerosissimis, rectis, erectis, ad basim geniculatis, tota
longitudine opacis, 300-350 p longis, 8-10 p latis; ad apicem
acutis vel bi-trifurcatis, dentibus 5-8 p longis; peritheciis nu-
merosis, 200-250 p diam., atris, opacis; ascis 65-75 x 30 p,
bisporis; sporidiis cylindraceis, utrinque late rotundatis, 4-sep-
tatis, ad septa constrictis, brunneis, 50-55 x 19-21 p.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Bur. Sci. 28011 Ocampo ,
May 8, 1917, on leaves of Dysoxylum?
MELIOLA BANGUI EMSIS sp. nov.
Amphigena, plerumque epiphylla, plus minus effusa, plagulas
subarachnoideas, orbiculares, 0.3-2.0 cm diam., vel confluentes;
mycelio modice evoluto, ex hyphis ramosis brunneis 7-8 p diam.
composite; hyphopodiis capitatis alternantibus, numerosis, cel-
lula superiore ovata, 10-18 p longa, 10-12 p lata, cellula inferiore
5 p longa; hyphopodiis mucronatis plerumque oppositis, ampul-
liformibus, 18-22 p longis, setis mycelicis numerosis, 350-650 p
longis, 10-12 p crassis, circa perithecia oriundis, erectis, rectis,
simplicibus, atris, opacis, apicis acutis; peritheciis numerosis,
globosis, in sicco collapsis, 125-175 p diam., tuberculatis ; ascis
ovatis, 6-8-sporis, 40 x 18 p, evanescentibus, sporidiis oblongis,
4-septatis, ad septa leviter constrictis, brunneis, 36-40 p longis,
11-14 p latis.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27696 Ramos, February-
March, 1917, on leaves of one of the Menispermaceae.
MELIOLA BAUHINIAE sp. nov.
Hypophylla, plagulas atras, velutinas, orbiculares, 3-6 mm
diam.; mycelio ex hyphis intertextis ramosis anastomosantibus
castaneo-brunneis 4-5 p crassis formato; hyphopodiis capitatis
numerosis, alternantibus, vel unilateralibus, cellula superiore
subglobosa, 12-13 p diam., cellula inferiore 5-8 p longa; hypho-
podiis mucronatis paucis, usque ad 20-25 p longis ; setis mycelicis
numerosissimis, rectis, erectis, simplicibus, ad apicem subacutis,
atris, tota longitudine opacis, 200-250 p longis, 8 p crassis;
peritheciis sparsis, 170-200 p diam., globosis, tuberculatis, atris,
opacis, astomatis; ascis bisporis, ellipsoideis, 40-45 x 20-25 p\
sporidiis cylindraceis, 4-septatis, ad septa contrictis, utrinque
late rotundatis, brunneis, 40 p longis, 12-15 p latis.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bur. Sci. 27801 Ramos, February to
March, 1917, on leaves of Bauhinia sp.
MELIOLA BOERLAGIODENDR1AE sp. nov.
Maculas amphigenas, atras, primo orbiculares, 5-10 mm
diam., deinde confluentes et magnam partem folium occupantes;
366 The Philippine Journal of Science i9is
mycelio abundante, ex hyphis obscure brunneis et subopacis 7-8
n diam. composito; hyphopodiis capitatis numerosis, alternan-
tibus, unilateralibus vel irregularibus, cellula superiore subglo-
bosa, 12-14 fx diam., cellula inferiore 4-5 p longa; hyphopodiis
mucronatis paucis, usque ad 16 p longis; setis numerosissimis,
erectis, dichotome furcatis, opacis, atris, ad basim 8 p latis;
peritheciis paucis, globosis, atris, opacis, tuberculatis, 150-200
p diam.; ascis non visis; sporidiis 4-septatis, ad septa con-
strictis, subcylindraceis, utrinque rotundatis; obscure brunneis,
40-50 x 12-15 p.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28911 Ramos &
Edano, May 9, 1917, on leaves of Boerlagiodendron sp.
This species of Meliola is well characterized by the dichotomously forked
setae. The setae are about 100-150( p long to the first fork. The prongs
are usually 50-75 n long and then again forked with prongs 10-20 fx in
length.
MELIOLA CAVITENSIS sp. nov.
Epiphylla, plagulas orbiculares vel irregulares, 2 ad 6 mm
diam. tenues formans ; mycelio ex hyphis longis, rectis vel
flexuosis 6-7 p crassis septatis brunneis ramosis composito;
articulis 20-25 p longis; hyphopodiis capitatis numerosis, ple-
rumque alternantibus, cellula superiore subglobosa vel ovata, 12
p diam., cellula inferiore 5-6 p longa; hyphopodiis mucronatis
numerosis, oppositis vel alternantibus, ampulliformibus, usque
ad 25 p longis; setis mycelicis paucis, rectis vel curvatis, sep-
tatis, obscure brunneis, obtusis, 300-400 p longis, 8-10 p latis;
peritheciis numerosis, globosis, obscure brunneis, subopacis,
85-100 p diam. ; ascis clavatis, 35 p longis, 8-10 p latis, circiter
6-8-sporis ; sporidiis cylindraceis, utrinque rotundatis, 4-septatis,
ad septa constrictis, brunneis 30-35 p longis, 10-12 p latis.
Luzon, Cavite Province, Talisay ridge, Merrill 1063J+ , January 21, 1917,
on leaves of Coleus.
Most of the spores are immature and the dimensions of the asci given
above are of those containing immature spores.
MELIOLA CELTICOLA sp. nov.
Amphigena, maculas atras, pelliculosas, orbiculares, 2-4 mm
diam., vel eonfluentes ; mycelio ex hyphis dense intertextis brun-
neis 7-8 p crassis ramosis et anastomosantibus composito ;
hyphopodiis capitatis numerosis, alternantibus, cellula superiore
angulata vel irregulares, 20-25 p diam., cellula inferiore 10 p
longa, 4-5 p lata; hyphopodiis mucronatis numerosis, plerumque
alternantibus, ampulliformibus, 20-30 p longis; setis mycelicis
paucis, atris, opacis, ad apicem uncinatis, acutis, rarius obtusis
XIII, c, «
Yates: Philippine Fungi
367
250-350 p longis, 6 p crassis, peritheciis numerosis, globulosis,
atris, verrucosis, 150-225 p diam. ; ascis bisporis, evanescentibus ;
sporidiis cylindraceis, castaneo-brunneis, 4-septatis, ad septa
constrictis, utrinque late rotundatis, 45-50 p longis, 17-19 p latis.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 277A6 Ramos, February
25, 1917, on leaves of Celtis philippensis.
This species appears to be closely related to Meliola celtidiae but differs
from that species in the size and character of the spots and in the
rather short hooked setae.
MELIOLA CELTIDIAE sp. nov.
Hypophylla, atra, velutina, maculas orbiculares, 1-2 cm diam. ;
mycelio ex hyphis brunneis septatis tortuosis anastomosantibus
radiantis 10-12 p crassis composito ; hyphopodiis capitatis nume-
rosis, alternantibus, cellula superiore globosa, 15-18 p diam. vel
lobata et 12-20 p longa, 10-25 p lata; hyphopodiis mucronatis
numerosis, irregularibus, ampulliformibus, usque ad 20-30 p
longis; setis rectis, erectis, ad basim geniculatis, 800-1200 p
longis, 20-25 p crassis, atris, opacis, obtusis ; peritheciis numero-
sis, atris, opacis, tuberculatis, globosis vel applanatis, 175-225
p diam.; ascis evanescentibus; sporidiis obscure fuscis, oblongis,
utrinque rotundatis, 4-septatis, ad septa constrictis, 50-55 p
longis, 15-20 p latis.
Samar, Catubig River, Bur. Sci. 2^616 Ramos, February-March, 1916,
on leaves of Celtis luzonensis.
The long perithecial setae together with the tortuous mycelium and
the large, lobed, capitate hyphopodia are characteristic of this species.
It differs from Meliola celticola in the character and size of the colonies
and in the long straight setae.
MELIOLA CURVATA sp. nov.
Epiphylla, maculas atras, minutissimas, 0.5-2 mm diam., or-
biculares formans vel confluentes; mycelio ex hyphis ramosis
brunneis anastomosantibus septatis 7-8 u crassis composito ;
hyphopodiis capitatis numerosis, plerumque alternantibus, cel-
lula superiore globulosa, 10-12 p diam., inferiore 3-5 p longa;
hyphopodiis mucronatis paucis, ampulliformibus, usque ad 20
p longis; setis peritheciis ca. 4-5 ad basim quaque perithecium,
primitus subhyalinis apicis spiraliter curvatis dein erectis vel
leviter curvatis, ad basim geniculatis, atris, 100-130 p longis, 10
p latis, apice acutis, simplicibus ; peritheciis globulis, atris, opacis,
tuberculatis, 120-180 p diam. ; ascis ovatis, 4-sporis, 50-60 p
longis, 30 p latis ; sporidiis cylindraceis, utrinque late rotundatis,
ad septa vix constrictis, brunneis, 40-45 p longis, 15-20 p latis.
158742 3
368
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
Samar, Catubig River, Bur. Sci. 2U6U2 Ramos, February, March, 1916,
on leaves of an unknown host.
The young hyaline setae with spirally curved or distorted tips are
characteristic. The specific name is derived from this character.
M ELIOLA DERRIDIS sp. nov.
Epiphylla, plagulas atras, orbiculares 3-5 mm diam., vel con-
fluentes et subinde totam folii superficiem obtegentes formans;
mycelio radiante, ex hyphis fuscis anastomosantibus 6-7 p
crassis composito; ramis plerumque oppositis; hyphopodiis capi-
tatis numerosis, alternantibus, cellula superiore rotundata 10-12
fji diam., cellula inferiore 5 p longa ; hyphopodiis mucronatis
numerosis, oppositis, ampulliformibus, usque ad 20-25 p longis ;
setis mycelicis numerosis, erectis, rectis vel curvatis, 300-400 p
longis, 7-8 p latis, castaneo-brunneis, subopacis, apicis obtusis ;
peritheciis paucis, globosis, atris, 125-150 p diam. ; ascis non visis ;
sporidiis 4-septatis, oblongis, utrinque rotundatis, obscure fuscis,
30-35 p longis, 11-13 p latis, ad septa constrictis.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27788 Ramos, Feb-
ruary—May, 1917, on leaves of Derris.
M ELIOLA EXOCARP1AE sp. nov.
Amphigena, plagulas orbiculares, 2-8 mm diam., atras for-
mans; mycelio abundante, ex hyphis castaneis tortuosis anasto-
mosantibus 6-8 p diam. composito; hyphopodiis capitatis nume-
rosis, alternantibus, cellula superiore globosa vel subglobosa et
18-22 p diam., cellula inferiore 10-18 p longa, 10-12 p lata, hypho-
podiis mucronatis rarissimis, irregularibus, ampulliformibus,
usque ad 22-24 p longis ; setis mycelicis numerosis, rectis, erectis,
atris, opacis, vel ad apicem brunneis, apicis obtusis, 200-250 p
longis, 10-12 p latis; peritheciis paucis, globosis, verrucosis,
atris, opacis, 140-160 p diam.; ascis non visis, sporidiis cylindra-
ceis, utrinque late rotundatis, 4-septatis, ad septa constrictis,
brunneis, 50-55 p longis, 15-20 p latis.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bur. Sci. 278^6 Ramos, March 1, 1917,
on leaves of Exocarpus latifolius.
This specieg is distinguished by the large capitate hyphopodia and
the comparatively short, stout, mycelial setae.
M ELIOLA FICIUM sp. nov.
Epiphylla, maculas atras, suborbiculares, 4-8 mm diametro vel
aggregatis, subpelliculosis ; mycelio ex hyphis intertextis radian-
tibus ramosis castaneo-brunneis 6-7 p crassis formato ; hyphopo-
diis capitatis numerosis, alternantibus, cylindraceis, cellula supe-
riore ovata vel subglobosa, 10-12 p diam. ; cellula inferiore 4-5
p longa; hyphopodiis mucronatis rarissimis, irregularibus, am-
XIII, C, t>
Yates: Philippine Fungi
369
pulliformibus, usque ad 20 p longis; setis peritheciis erectis,
rectis vel leviter curvatis, atris, opacis, 500-600 p longis, 15 p
latis, ad apieem acutis; peritheciis numerosis, globosis, tubercu-
latis, atris, opacis, 200-225 p diam. ; ascis bisporis, ellipsoideis,
45-50 x 15-30 p ; sporidiis oblongis, 4-septatis, ad septa con-
strictis, brunneis, utrinque rotundatis, 45-50 p longis, 15-18 /x
latis.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Bur. Sci. 28002 Ocampo,
May 8, 1917, on leaves of Ficus sp.
MELIOLA GARCINIAE sp. nov.
Maculas plerumque epiphyllas, irregulares, 5-10 mm diam.
vel confluentes, atras, crustaceas ; mycelio ex hyphis castaneis
8-10 p crassis formato ; ramis plerumque oppositis ; hyphopodiis
capitatis numerosis, plerumque alternantibus, cellula superioie
subglobosa vel ovata, 12-14 x 11-12 /x, cellula inferiore 8-10 p
longa ; hyphopodiis mucronatis numerosis, alternantibus vel oppo-
sitis, ampulliformibus, usque ad 25-30 p longis; setis mycelicis
numerosis, rectis, erectis, 11-13 p crassis, 700-1000 p longis,
ati’is, opacis, acutis vel obtusis; peritheciis paucis, globosis,
atris, opacis 200-300 p diam., ascis non visis ; sporidiis castaneis,
cylindraceis, utrinque rotundatis, 4-septatis, ad septa vix con-
strictis, 50-55 p longis 18-20 p latis.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27795 Ramos, March
14, 1917, on leaves of Garcinia sp.
The specimen is heavily parasitized by a species of Helminthosporium
as well as by other fungi which are not determinable.
MELIOLA HOPEAE sp. nov.
Hypophylla, maculas atras, 1-2 cm diam., orbicu lares f ormans ;
mycelio laxo radiante ex hyphis brunneis 5-7 p latis septatis
composito; ramis oppositis vel alternantibus; hyphopodiis capi-
tatis numerosis, plerumque alternantibus, cellula superiore
ovoidea, 10 p diam., cellula inferiore 5 p longa; hyphopodiis
mucronatis numerosis, plerumque irregularibus, ampulliformibus,
usque ad 15-25 p longis ; setis peritheciis et mycelicis circa 6
ad basim quaque perithecium, erectis, basi geniculatis 300-400
p longis, 8 p latis, septatis, apicis simplicibus, obtusis ; peritheciis
rotundatis, applanatis, atris, opacis, tuberculatis, 100-140 p
diam.; ascis evanescentibus 2-4-sporis; sporidiis oblongis, utrin-
que late rotundatis, 4-septatis, ad septa non constrictis, brunneis,
35-38 p longis, 12-14 p latis.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Cadig, Bur. Sci. 2577i Yates, December,
1916, on leaves of Hopea sp.
370
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
MEL10LA ROUREAE sp. nov.
Epiphylla, plagulas atras, orbiculares, 3-5 mm diam., vel con-
fluentes, mycelio ex hyphis ramosis anastomosantibus obscure
brunneis, 8-9 p crassis composito; hyphopodiis capitatis nume-
rosis, alternantibus vel unilateralibus, cellula superiore ovata,
12-15 x 10-12 j u, cellula inferiore 10-12 j u. longa, hyphopodiis
mucronatis numerosis, plerumque oppositis, ampulliformibus,
usque ad 22-30 p longis; setis peritheciis erectis, rectis, ad basim
curvatis, 450-600 p longis, 8-10 p crassis, inferne atris, opacis,
superne brunneis, obtusis ; peritheciis numerosis, 100-125 p
diam.; globosis, verrucosis, atris, opacis; ascis non visis; spori-
diis oblongo-cylindraceis, 4-septatis, ad septa constrictis, utrin-
que rotundatis, castaneis, 40-45 p longis, 16-19 p latis.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27721 Ramos, Feb-
ruary to March, 1917, on leaves of Rourea erecta.
MELIOLA TRACHELOSPERMAE sp. nov.
Maculas hypophyllas, atras, subpelliculosas, orbiculares, 2-5
mm diam., vel confluentes ; mycelio abundante ex hyphis brunneis
7-9 p crassis formato, ramis oppositis; hyphopodiis capitatis
numerosissimis, alternantibus, cellula superiore ovata, 13-16 x
10 p, cellula inferiore 5-10 p longa; hyphopodiis mucronatis
numerosis, plerumque alternantibus, usque ad 18 p longis; setis
mycelicis paucis, rectis, erectis, acutis, atris, opacis, 300-400 p
longis, ad basim 8 p crassis; peritheciis globosis, atris, opacis
180-200 p diam.; sporidiis 4-septatis, elongatis, utrinque late
rotundatis, ad septa constrictis, brunneis, 35-40 x 16-20 p.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Mount Lumutan, Bur. Sci. 29813 Ramos &
Edano, September 3, 1917, on leaves of Trachelospermum.
The specimen is heavily overgrown by Spegazzinia and other parasites.
MELIOLA UMIRAYENSIS sp. nov.
Maculas plerumque epiphyllas, atras, suborbiculares et 4-10
mm diam., vel confluentes et magna partem folium occupantes;
mycelio abundante, ex hyphis brunneis 6-8 p crassis composito;
hyphopodiis capitatis numerosis, alternantibus, cellula superiore
subglobosa vel lobata, 14-18 p diam., cellula inferiore 12-16 p
longa, 5-6 p lata ; hyphopodiis mucronatis non visis ; setis mullis ;
peritheciis paucis, 100-150 p diam., atris, opacis; ascis bisporis
50 x 20 p; sporidiis 3-septatis, ad septa constrictis, elongatis,
utrinque late rotundatis, laeve brunneis, 40-45 p longis, 12-14
p latis.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Umiray, Bur. Sci. 29081 Ramos & Edario,
June 2, 1917, on leaves of Ficus.
This Meliola is badly infested with a species of H elminthosporium and
XIII, C, 6
Yates: Philippine Fungi
371
it is possible that the numerous erect conidiophores of the latter may
have caused the setae to be overlooked. Meliola umirayensis however is
well characterized by the 3-septate spores which are rather broader at
one end than at the other. The spores are also lighter in color than in
most Meliolas.
MELIOLA WRIGHTI AE sp. nov.
Amphigena, plerumque epiphylla et totam folium superficiem
plus minus continua aterrima obducens; maculas orbiculares
3-6 mm diam. ; mycelio ex hyphis densissime intertextis brun-
neis septatis anastomosantibus composito; ramis alternantibus
vel oppositis; hyphopodiis capitatis numerosis, plerumque alter-
nantibus, subglobosis vel ovatis, 12 y longis, 10-12 y latis, cellula
inferiore ca. 6 y longa, hyphopodiis mucronatis paucis, irregu-
laribus vel oppositis, ampulliformibus, usque ad 18 y longis ; setis
mycelicis numerosis, erectis, rectis vel leviter curvatis, 200-225
y longis, 6-8 y latis, saepe ad basim geniculatis, obtusis, obscure
brunneis vel versus apicem dilutioribus et fuscis; peritheciis
numerosis, globosis, 120-150 y diam., atris, opacis, tuberculatis,
in sicco collapsis; ascis ovatis, 30 y longis, 20 y latis; bisporis,
mox evanescentibus ; sporidiis cylindraceis, utrinque late rotun-
datis, fuscis, 4-septatis, ad septa leviter constrictis, 28-35 y
longis, 12-16 y latis.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 26757 Ramos (type), November 28,
1916, on leaves of Wrightia laniti: Batangas Province, Taal Volcano,
Merrill 10618, January 20, 1917, on the same host.
MELIOLINA Sydow
MELIOLINA PULCHERRIMA Syd. in Ann. Myc. 12 (1914) 553.
Meliola pulcherrima Syd. in Ann. Myc. 11 (1913) 254, f. 1.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28893 Ramos &
Edano, May 11, 1917, on leaves of Eugenia.
PARODIELLA Spegazzini
PARODI ELLA GRAM MODES (Kze.) Cooke Australian Fungi (1892) 301.
Sphaeria grammodes Kunze in Weig. Exs.
Dothidea grammodes Berk, in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 10 (1869) 390.
Dothidea perisporioides B. & C. in Grevillea 4 (1878) 103.
Dothidella perisporioides Sacc. in Syll. Fung. 2 (1883) 634.
Parodiella perisporioides Speg. in Anal. Soc. Cient. Arg. (1880) 178.
Luzon, Bulacan Province, Angat, Bur. Sci. 21808 Ramos, September
4, 1913, on leaves of Desmodium triflorum.
MICROTHYRIACEAE
A ST ERIN A Leveille
ASTERINA BREVNIAE Yates in Philip. Journ. Sci. 12 (1917) Bot. 370.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27798 Ramos, March
1, 1917, on leaves of Breynia.
372
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
In this specimen the fungus occurs on both surfaces of the leaves.
An Asterina (?) having perithecia and spores almost double the size of
those of A. breyniae is also present.
ASTERINA CAPPARI DIS Syd. et Butl. in Ann. Myc. 9 (1911) 390.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27839 Ramos, March
18, 1917; Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27713 Ramos, March 10, 1917; both on leaves
of Capparis sp.
ASTERINA DECIPIENS Syd. in Lead. Philip. Bot. 5 (1912) 1540.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 21896 Ramos, August 18, 1913; Bontoc
Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 2521+7 Yates, April 14, 1916, on leaves of Champereia
manillana.
ASTERINA ELMERI Syd. in Lead. Philip. Bot. 4 (1911) 1156.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 2521+8 Yates, April 14, 1916:
Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27751+, 27767 Ramos, February
28 and February 21, 1917; Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27816, 27803 Ramos, March
14 and March 3, 1917 ; all on leaves of Champereia, manillana.
ASTERINA LAXIUSCULA Syd. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913) Bot. 276.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27758 Ramos, February
28 and February 21, 1917; Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27816, 27803 Ramos, March
Yates, November 5, 1917, on leaves of Sideroxylon ferrugineum.
ASTERINA BANGUIENSIS sp. nov.
Epiphylla, plagulas plus minus effusas, 0.5-2 cm longas et
latas formans, vel orbiculares et 3-6 mm diam., vel confluentes
et magnam partem folium occupantes ; mycelio ex hyphis ramosis
valde anastomosantibus obscure brunneis 5-6.5 g crassis com-
posite; articulis 15-22 g longis; hyphopodiis numerosis, cylin-
draceis 10-12 g longis, 5 g latis; peritheciis numerosis, dense
dispositis, rotundatis, 120-160 g diam., late et plane convexis,
opacis, contextu et hyphis 2-4.5 g crassis composite, ambitu mox
magis fimbriatis; ascis ovatis, octosporis, aparaphysatis, 45-50
g longis, 18-22 g latis; sporidiis ovato-oblongis, ad medio sep-
tatis et constrictis, utrinque rotundatis, brunneis, laevis, 20-22
g longis, 8-10 g latis.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27711+ Ramos, February
26, 1917, on leaves of Glycosmis.
ASTERINA CANTHII sp. nov.
Amphigena, maculas crustaceas, atras, irregulares, 5-6 mm
diam. ; mycelio abundante, ad superficiem foliorum. adpressis,
ex hyphis anastomosantibus obscure brunneis 6-8 g crassis for-
mate; ramis oppositis vel alternantibus ; hyphopodiis numerosis-
simis, oppositis, unicellularibus, oblongo-cylindraceis, apicis
rotundatis, 4-5 x 5 g ; peritheciis rotundatis, atris, opacis, ambitu
fimbriatis, 90-175 g diam. ; contextu subparenchymaticis, irregu-
XIII, C, 6
Yates: Philippine Fungi
373
lariter dehiscentibus ; ascis oblongo-cylindraceis, 30-40 x 8-10 g,
paraphysatis, octosporis, sporidiis ad medio 1-septatis et con-
strictis, brunneis, utrinque subacutis, 10-12 p longis, 3-3.5 p latis.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27826 Ramos, March
2, 1917, on leaves of Canthium.
ASTERINA FAGARAE sp. nov.
Epiphylla, plagulas orbiculares vel irregulares, 4-6 mm diam.,
vel confluentes et superficium foliorum obtecta ; mycelio radiante,
ex hyphis brunneis ramosis anastomosantibus 4-6 p crassis com-
posite; hyphopodiis numerosis, ramis simillimis, alternantibus
vel irregularibus, 10-15 p longis, 4-5 p latis; peritheciis opacis,
rotundatis, applanatis, 170-220 p diam., stellatim dehiscentibus,
contextu ex hyphis radiantibus obscure-brunneis 5-7 p crassis
composite ; ascis ovatis, 50-55 x 35-40 p, octosporis, paraphysatis ;
sporidiis conglobatis, oblongis, utrinque late rotundatis, ad medio
1- septatis et constrictis, brunneis, laevis, 22-25 p longis, 11-13
p latis.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 26762 Ramos, October-November, 1916,
on leaves of F agar a avicennae sp.
ASTERINA JASMINICOLA sp. nov.
Peritheciis amphigeniis hinc inde maculiformiter aggregatis
vel saepe per totum folium plus minusve aeque distributis,
maculis 2-6 mm diam. ; mycelio ex hyphis brunneis 4-5 p
diam. tortuosis composite; hyphopodiis numerosis bicellularibus,
irregulariter distributis nunquam oppositis; cellula superiore
irregulariter angulatis et lobatis, 8-10 p diam., inferiore 5. 5-6.5
p longa, 4-4.5 p lata; peritheciis numerosis, globosis, atris, opacis,
irregulariter dehiscentibus ; ascis globosis, 22-26 p diam., octo-
sporis, paraphysatis ; spordiis ad medio 1-septatis, brunneis,
verrucosis, ellipsoideo-oblongis, utrinque rotundatis, 17-19 x
8-10 p.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27797 Ramos, March
1, 1917, on leaves of Jasminum.
ASTERINA LITSEAE sp. nov.
Amphigena, plerumque epiphylla, plagulas irregulares, plus
minus totum folium obtecta; mycelio effuso, laxo ex hyphis
obscure fuscis 3. 5-4.5 p latis anastomosantibus radiantibus
formato ; ramis irregularibus ; hyphopodiis numerosis, unicellu-
laribus, 7-8 p longis, 3-5 p latis, irregulariter dispositis ; perithe-
ciis numerosissimis, gregariis, rotundatis, 100-140 p diam.,
stellatim dehiscentibus, convexis, contextu ex hyphis brunneis
2- 3 p latis, ambitu hyphis brevibus radiantibus fimbriatis ; ascis
374
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
paraphysatis, ovoideo-globosis, 28-32 y longis, 18-24 y latis, octo-
sporis; sporidiis ellipsoidiis, utrinque rotundatis, ad medio 1-
septatis et constrictis, brunneis, laevis, 15-17 y longis, 8-9
y latis.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 278J,2 Ramos, February
to March, 1917, on leaves of Litsea sp.
ASTERINA MOMORDICAE sp. nov.
Epiphylla, maculas 2-4 mm latas, atras efficiens; mycelio ex
hyphis remote septatis fuscis 5-6 y crassis composito; hypho-
podiis numerosis, irregularibus, unicellularibus, 8-12 /x longis,
lobatis; peritheciis rotundatis, 80-90 /x diam., stellatim dehis-
centibus, contextu ex hyphis rectis brunneis radiatis 2.5-3 y
latis composito; ascis subglobosis, 35-40 x 22-24 /x, octosporis,
paraphysatis; sporidiis oblongis, utrinque rotundatis, ad medio
1-septatis et constrictis, brunneis, laevis, 19-21 y longis, 9-11
/x latis; cellula superiore latiore.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28890 Ramos &
Edaho, May 13, 1917, on leaves of Momordica sp.
Asterina momordicae is parasitized by Dimerium tayabensis Yates and
is associated with an undetermined species of Meliola.
ASTERINA N EOLITSEAE sp. nov.
Epiphylla, plagulas suborbiculares, 4-10 mm diam. vel con-
fluentes, atras ; mycelio ex hyphis brunneis septatis 5-7 y crassis
longe articulatis (30 y) anastomosantibus formato; hyphopodiis
numerosis, alternantibus, bicellularibus; cellula superiore lobata,
15 /x lata; cellula inferiore 4-5 y longa, peritheciis numerosis,
rotundatis, 150-170 y diam., applanatis, obscure brunneis, opacis,
contextu ex hyphis 3-4 y latis radiantibus composito, articulis
6-7 /x longis, ambitu fimbriatis; ascis ellipsoideis, octosporis, 60
x 25-30 /x, aparaphysatis ; sporidiis oblongis, ellipsoideis, utrinque
rotundatis, constrictis, fuscis, verruculosis, 44-46 x 14-15 y.
Luzon, Abra Province, Bur. Sci. 27088 Ramos, February, 1917; Mount
Posuey, Bur. Sci. 27076 Ramos, February, 1917, on leaves of Neolitsea.
ASTERINA PI PERIS sp. nov.
Mycelio epiphyllo, parce evoluto, tenue, laxo, effuso, ex hyphis
brunneis 4 y crassis formato; hyphopodiis alternantibus vel
irregularibus, 2-cellularibus, cellula superiore irregulariter lobata,
6-8 y longa, 4-5 y lata, cellula inferiore, 4-5 y longa ; peritheciis
numerosis, applanatis, rotundatis, brunneis, stellatim dehiscen-
tibus, 115-130 y diam., contextu ex hyphis fuscis 2-3 y crassis
composito, ambitu parum fimbriatis; ascis globosis vel subglo-
bosis, aparaphysatis, 25 x 20 y, octosporis ; sporidiis conglobatis,
xiii, c, 6 Yates: Philippine Fungi 375
oblongis, utrinque late rotundatis, ad medio 1-septatis et con-
strictis, fuscis, laevibus, 15-18 p longis, 7-8 p latis.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27789 Ramos, February
20, 1917, on leaves of Piper sp.
ASTERINA RAMOSII sp. nov.
Hypophylla, maculas suborbiculares, atro-griseas, 4-10 mm
diam. ; mycelio effuso, laxo, ex hyphis brunneis septatis ramosis
4-5 p crassis composito; hyphopodiis paucis, altemantibus vel
irregularibus, cylindraceis, globosis vel lobatis, 6-8 p longis, 5
p latis; peritheciis numerosis, rotundatis, 80-120 p diam., sub-
opacis, stellatim dehiscentibus, radiatim contextis, contextu ex
hyphis, 4-5 p latis composito ; ascis ovatis, 18-20 p longis, 15-17
p latis, octosporis, paraphysatis ; sporidiis conglobatis, oblongis,
subinde late rotundatis, ad medio 1-septatis, ad septa constrictis,
laevis, 14-16 p longis, 6-8 p latis,
Samar, Catubig River, Bur. Sci. 24643 Ramos, February 20, 1916, on
leaves of Dillenia sp.
ASTERINA ZIZYPHI AE sp. nov.
Amphigena, plagulas effusas, 2-5 mm diam., saepe confluentes
et totum folium plus minus occupans ; mycelio ex hyphis brunneis
anastomosantibus 6 p crassis remote septatis (articulos 20-25 p
longis) ramosis composito; hyphopodiis irregularibus, unicellu-
laribus, globosis, 10 p diam. ; peritheciis paucis, rotundatis, 120-
170 p diam., brunneis, ambitu non fimbriatis, contextu radiatim
ex hyphis brunneis leviter flexuosis 2-4 p crassis composito;
ascis octosporis, ovato-globosis, 40 x 30 p, aparaphysatis ; spori-
diis (immaturis) oblongo-ellipsoideis, utrinque rotundatis, ad
medio 1-septatis, constrictis, laevis, hyalinis, 15 x 10 p.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Tulaog, Bur. Sci. 29156 Ramos &
Edano, May 25, 1917, on leaves of Zizyphus.
Unfortunately all the spores on this material appear to be immature.
However, the species is well characterized by the small globose hyphopodia.
This Asterina is associated with, or parasitized by, a fungus having a
delicate hyaline mycelium and 4-celled spores; the two middle cells are
brown and much larger than the end cells which are hyaline. The spores
are slightly curved and about 30 x 12-14 p.
ASTER IN ELLA Theissen
ASTERINELLA CALAMI Syd. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 9 (1914) Bot. 182.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Mount Susong Dalaga, Bur. Sci. 29485 Ramos
& Edano, August 4, 1917, on leaves of Calamus.
This has previously been collected on Palawan Island. It is a very
characteristic species with strongly nodulose radiating mycelium. The
asci are 8-spored, 70-75 p long, 45 p broad.
1918
376 The Philippine Journal of Science
ASTER! N ELLA LUZON ENSIS Syd. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913) Bot.
491.
Samar, Catubig River, Bur. Sci. 24724 Ramos, February 26, 1916, on
leaves of Shorea.
MORENOELLA Spegazzini
MORENOELLA ANISOCARPA Syd. in Ann. Myc. 12 (1914) 559.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Cadig, Bur. Sci. 25818 Yates, De
cember 11, 1916, on leaves of Hopea plagata.
HYPOCREACEAE
HYPOCRELLA Saccardo
HYPOCRELLA SCH IZOSTAC H Y 1 1 P. Henn. in Hedwigia 47 (1908) 253.
Samar, Catubig River, Bur. Sci. 24923 Ramos, February 18, 1916, on
culms of Schizostachyum.
USTILAGI NOIDEA Brefeld
U ST I LAG! NOIDEA VIRENS (Cke.) Tak. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 10 (1896)
19, t. 2, f. 1-8.
Ustilago virens Cooke in Grev. 7 (1878) 15.
Tilletia oryzae Pat. in Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 13 (1897) 124, t. 10, f. 2.
Ustilaginoidea oryzae Bref. Untersuch. 12 (1895) 194, t. 21, f. 22-29.
Luzon, Manila and vicinity, Bur. Sci. 30623 Yates, February 20, 1918,
on ovaries of Oryza sativa.
POLYSTOMELLACEAE
ACTI NODOTH IS Sydow
ACTI NODOT HIS PIPERIS Syd. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 9 (1914) Bot. 175.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27718, 27751 Ramos,
February 25 and February 24, 1917, on leaves of Piper sp. ; Cavite Prov-
ince, Talisay ridge, Merrill 11196, January 21, 1917, on leaves of Piper
retrofractum.
INOCYCLUS Theissen et Sydow
INOCYCLUS PSYCHOTR1AE Syd. in Ann. Myc. 13 (1915) 211.
' Hysterostomella psychotriae Syd. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913)
Bot. 275.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Antipolo, Bur. Sci. 21874 Ramos, August 19,
1913, on leaves of Psychotria luconiensis.
PHYLLACHORACEAE
CATACAUMA Theissen et Sydow
CATAGAUMA ASPIDIUM (Berk.) Theiss. & Syd. in Ann. Myc. 13 (1915)
380, forma FICI FULVAE (Koord.) Theiss. & Syd. in Ann. Myc.
13 (1915) 381.
Phyllachora fici-fulvae Koord. in Verh. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam 2
(1907) 183.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 25194 Yates, March 19, 1916,
on leaves of Ficus validicaudata : Bon toe Subprovince, Barlig, Bur. Sci.
25223, 25224 Yates, March 5, 1916, on leaves of Ficus sp.
XIII, C, 6
Yates: Philippine Fungi
ENDODOTHELLA Theissen et Sydow
377
ENDODOTHELLA ALBIZZIAE Syd. in Ann. Myc. 13 (1915) 590.
Dothidella albizziae Syd. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913) Bot. 280.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Bur. Sci. 2671,1, Ramos, October, 1916, on
living leaves of Bauhinia.
This species was first described from material on the leaves of Alhizzia
marginata. The present collection agrees well with the type. In this
material the stromata occur on both surfaces of the leaves and the asci
are somewhat longer and the spores slightly larger than in the type.
PHYLLACHORA Nitschke
PHYLLACHORA LUZON ENSIS P. Henn. in Hedwigia 47 (1908) 255.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 25892 Yates, January 19, 1917, on
leaves of Millettia sp.
PHYLLACHORA PON GA M I A E (B. & Br.) Petch in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.
Peradeniya 5 (1912) 291.
Rhytisma pongamiae B. & Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14 (1875)
131.
Cryptomyces pongamiae Sacc. in Syll. Fung. 8 (1889) 708.
Phyllachora pongamiae P. Henn. in Hedwigia 47 (1908) 255.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27723 Ramos, February
21, 1917, on leaves of Pongamia sp.
PHYLLACHORA SORGHI v. Hohn. in Sitzb. Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien 118
(1909) 844.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27783 Ramos, March
14, 1917, on leaves of Andropogon halepensis var.
MYCOSPHAERELLACEAE
MYCOSPHAERELLA Johanson
MYCOSPHAERELLA A R ISTOLOC H I A E Syd. in Ann. Myc. 12 (1914) 555.
Luzon, Cavite Province, Talisay ridge, Merrill 11199, on leaves of
Aristolochia tagala.
MYCOSPHAERELLA OCULATA Syd. in Ann. Myc. 1 1 (1913) 403.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 25891 Yates, January 21, 1917, on
leaves of Premna odorata: Cavite Province, Talisay ridge, Merrill 11198,
January 21, 1917, on leaves of Premna odorata.
GUIGNARDIA Viala et Ravaz
GUIGNARDIA CREBERRIMA Syd. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913) Bot.
482.
Luzon, Manila and vicinity, Bur. Sci. 25897 Yates, February, 1917,
on leaves of Capparis horrida.
PLEOSPORACEAE
PHYSALOSPORA Niessl
PHYSALOSPORA EMBELIAE sp. nov.
Maculis amphigenis, orbicularibus, 0. 6-1.4 cm diam., perithe-
378
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
ciis immersis, epiphyllis, in maculis concentricis dispositis, globu-
losis, 250-300 j a diam., epidermide elevata tectis et ostiolo papilli-
formi atro tantum prominulo; ascis cylindraceis 100 x 6-8 p,
basi in pedicellum attenuatis, 8-sporis; paraphysibus filiformi-
bus; sporidiis monostichis, ellipsoideis, utrinque late rotundatis,
hyalinis, 10 x 5 p.
Basilan, Bur. Sci. 25878 Yates, November 5, 1917, on leaves of Em-
belia sp.
The spots on the lower surface are very light yellow in color; on the
upper surface the leaf tissue is light yellow but the numerous brown
perithecia make the spots at a little distance appear brown with a narrow
surrounding ring of yellow. The perithecia in each spot are arranged
in more or less concentric circles.
VALSACEAE
EUTYPELLA Nitschke
EUTYPELLA HEVEAE sp. nov.
Stromatibus sparsis, ramos aequaliter densiusculeque obtegen-
tibus, 0.5-0.75 mm diam., per corticem erumpentibus ; ostiolis
per peridermium arete adhaerens erumpentibus, nigris ; perithe-
ciis in quoque acervulo 4-8, globulosis, 300-350 p diam.; collis
elongatis (200-250 p longis) ; ostiolis crassis, plerumque 4-sulca-
tis; ascis oblongo-clavatis, longe pedicellatis, parte sporiferis
30-35 p longis, 5 p latis, octosporis; sporidiis distichis vel con-
gests, allantoideis, leviter curvulis, lutescentibus, 7-8 x 2-2.5 p.
Basilan, Isabela, Bur. Sci. 25879, 25885 Yates (type), November 11,
1917, on dead branches of Hevea brasiliensis.
XYLARIACEAE
DALDINIA De Notaris et Cesati
DALDINIA CONCENTRICA (Bolt.) Ces. et De Not. in Comm. Critt. Ital.
1 (1863) 198.
Luzon, Kalinga Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 25812 Yates, March, 1916, on
dead logs.
TILLETIACEAE
ENTYLOMA de Bary
ENTYLOMA ORYZAE Syd. in Ann. Myc. 12 (1914) 197.
Luzon, Bulacan Province, Angat, Bur. Sci. 21849 Ramos, September,
1913, on the leaves of Oryza sativa.
PUCCINI ACE AE
AECIDIUM Persoon
AECIDIUM KARN BACH 1 1 P. Henn. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 15 (1892)
Beibl. 33: 5.
Luzon, Cavite Province, Talisay ridge, Merrill 11201, January 21,
1917, on leaves of Lepistemon flavescens.
Yates: Philippine Fungi
XIII, c, 6
379
AECIDIUM RH YTISMOI DEU M B. & Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14
(1875) 95.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Basiad, Bur. Sci. 25721, 25725 Yates, De-
cember, 1916, on leaves of Diospyros discolor: Rizal Province, Bur. Sci.
25898 Yates, January 20, 1917, on leaves of Diospyros discolor.
HEMILE1A Berkeley et Broome
HEMILEIA CANTHII B. & Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14 (1875) 93.
Luzon, Cavite Province, Merrill 11200, January 21, 1917, on leaves
of Plectronia (Canthium) peduncularis.
HEMILEIA VASTATRIX B. & Br. in Gard. Chron. (1869) 1157.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 25221 Yates, April-May, 1916,
Vanoverbergh 3704, August, 1913: Benguet Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 25187
Yates, March-May, 1916: Lepanto Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 25206 Yates,
April, 1916. Mindanao, Bukidnon Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 15796 Fenix; all
on leaves of Coffea arabica.
PUCCINIA Persoon
PUCCINIA CITRATA Syd. in Ann. Myc. 10 (1912) 78.
Luzon, Cavite Province, Talisay ridge, Merrill 11197, January 21, 1917,
on leaves of Andropogon citratus.
PUCCINIA HETEROSPORA Berk, et Curt, in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 10
(1869) 356.
Luzon, Manila and vicinity, Bur. Sci. 25381 Yates, August, 1916, on
leaves of Sida javensis.
PUCCINIA TH WAITESII B. & Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14 (1875) 91.
Luzon, Bulacan Province, Angat, Bur. Sci. 21842 Ramos, September,
1913: Bataan Province, Lamao, Bur. Sci. 16844 W. R. Shaw, October,
1907 : Bontoc Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 3805 Vanoverbergh, September-
November, 1913: Kalinga Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 25327 Yates, March, 1916:
Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27711 Ramos, February 25, 1917;
all on leaves of Justicia gendarussa.
SPHAEROPHRAGMIUM P. Magnus
SPHAEROPHRAGMIUM LUZONICUM sp. nov.
Soris uredosporiferis hypophyllis, minutis, 0.5-1.0 mm diam.,
epidermide fissa cinctis, brunneis, uredosporis ovatis vel pyrifor-
mis, minutissime verruculosis, flavo-brunneis, 18-25 x 13-16 p,
episporio ca. 1.0 p crasso, poris germinationis unibus instructis;
teleutosporis in soris uredosporiferis, 30-40 x 27-33 p, globosis
vel ellipsoideis, ex cellulis 4-8 compositis, castaneo-brunneis, tota
superficie appendiculis brunneis usque ad 8-10 p longis, basi
leviter dilatatis et ad apicem stellatim furcatis, dentibus 2.5-3 p
longis; cellulis singulis 14-16 p diam.; pedicello persistente,
hyalino vel ad apicem leviter brunneolo, usque ad 50-70 p longo,
6-7 p lato.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 25838 Yates, January 22, 1917, on
leaves of Albizzia procera.
380
The Philippine Journal of Science
1918
This species appears to be very closely related to Sphaerophragmium
acaciae (Cooke) P. Magn. The teleutospores are very few in number
but they appear to be always borne in the same sorus with the uredospores.
TRIPHRAGMIUM Link
TR I PH R AGM I U M THWAITESII Berk, et Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot.
14 (1875) 92; Sydow, Monog-. Ured. 3 (1912) 180.
Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 25202 Yates, April 12, 1916, on
leaves of Schefflera sp.
The spores are produced mostly on the lower leaf surface but also
occasionally on the upper surface. The leaf tissue is killed and becomes
yellow over a spot 1 to 3 cm in diameter, or sometimes the entire leaf is
killed. The spores are 3-celled, 25 to 35 g in diameter and about 35 g
long. Each cell bears four spines; one at each outer angle. The spines
are 5 to 8 m long and dichotomously forked at the tip with prongs 2
to 3 g long. The position and size of the spines are very uniform. The
general appearance of the spots is somewhat similar to those produced
on Justicia gendarussa by Puccinia thwaitesii Berk.
SPHAERIOIDACEAE
DOTH I OPS IS Karsten
DOTH IOPSIS ? PHILIPPINENSIS sp. nov.
Epiphylla, stromata atra carbonacea, gregariis, sub epidermide
immersis, unilocularibus ; pycnidiis applanatis, ca. 300 g diam.,
50 ad 100 p altis, murialis ca. 30 g crassis; sporidiis ovoidiis
vel globosis, 22-27 g longis, 18-20 g latis, uniguttulatis ; basidiis
non visis.
Luzon, Tarlac Province, San Clemente, For. Bur. 2J/.965A Villanueva,
January, 1916, on leaves of Mastixia philippinensis.
This specimen is provisionally referred to Dothiopsis as it seems to
agree best with the description of that genus. It is possibly the conidial
stage of some dothideaceous fungus.
HENDERSONIA Berkeley
HENDERSONIA CELASTRI sp. nov.
Pycnidiis in maculis orbicularibus vel suborbicularibus collec-
tis ; maculis pallidis, margine brunneis, 3-12 mm diam. ; ostiolis
epiphyllis; pycnidiis ovoideo-depressis, 150-200 g diam., pertusis;
sporidiis subfusiformibus, vertice rotundatis, basi leviter angus-
tato-acutatis, plerumque triseptatis, ad septa non constrictis,
brunneis 10-14 g longis, 2. 5-3.5 g latis.
Luzon, Batangas Province, Taal Volcano, Merrill 10613, January 20,
1917, on leaves of Celastrus paniculata.
PAZSCHKEELLA Sydow
PAZSCHKEELLA PHILIPPINENSIS sp. nov.
Stromatibus epiphyllis, numerosis, gregariis vel confluentibus,
atris, subglobosis, 200 g diametro vel confluentibus et maculis
XLII, C, 6
Yates: Philippine Fungi
381
1-3 mm diam. formans; peritheciis in stromatibus immersis,
globosis, 100-150 g diam. ; sporulis numerosis, oblong’s, utrinque
rotundatis, 1-septatis, non guttulatis, ad septa non constrictis,
hyalinis vel subhyalinis 15-17 x 3. 5-4.5 y.; loculis inaequalis, 5-7
ix, longis et 10 y longis; basidiis non visis.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27721 Ramos, February
23, 1913, on leaves of Dunbaria sp.
The present species appears to be best referable to Sydow’s genus
Pwzschkeella described from Brazilian material in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II
1 (1901) 83. The Philippine specimen differs in several respects from
the original description and a comparison with Sydow’s type might show
that our plant should be better described as the type of a new genus.
PHYLLOSTICTA Persoon
PHYLLOSTiCTA GELONIAE sp. nov.
Maculis amplis, primus marginalis, subinde fere totum folium
occupantibus, pallide ochraceis, margine brunneis, epiphyllis,
gregariis, primo epidermide tectis, dein erumpentibus, atris, 65
ad 85 ix. diam. ; sporulis fusiformis, utrinque attenuatis, continuis,
hyalinis, 10-12 x 2.5-3.5 y.
Alabat, Merrill 10538, December 25, 1916, on leaves of Gelonium.
The spots appear at first on the margins of the leaf near the apex and
advance inward, killing the tissue, until a large part of the leaf is
affected.
PHYLLOSTICTA GRAFFI AN A Sacc. in Ann. Myc. 11 (1913) 316.
Luzon, Manila and vicinity, Bur. Sci. 30622 Yates, February 20, 1918,
on leaves of Dioscorea esculenta.
PHYLLOSTICTA MIURAE K. Miyake in Journ. Coll. Agric. Tokyo 2
(1910) 253.
Luzon, Laguna Province, Bur. Sci. 29258 Arce, August, 1917, on leaves
of Oryza sativa.
PLACOSPHAERIA Saccardo
PLACOSPHAERIA TIGLII P. Henn. in Hedwigia 47 (1908) 263.
Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Barlig, Bur. Sci. 25259 Yates, April 7,
1916, on leaves of Croton tiglium.
PYCNOTHYRIACEAE
LASIOTHYRIUM Sydow
LASIOTHYRIUM CYCLOSCHIZON Syd. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913)
Bot. 504, /. 7.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Pasay, Bur. Sci. 29831 Ramos, September 20,
1917, on leaves of Aegiceras comiculatum.
MONILIACEAE
PIRICULARIA Saccardo
PIRICULARIA ORYZAE Cavr. in Atti Instit. Bot. Pavia 4 (1897) 79.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Cainta, Bur. Sci. 29832 Reyes, September 4,
1917, on leaves of Oryza sativa.
382 The Philippine Journal of Science ms
The collector reports that this fungus is particularly abundant on a
variety of rice known as “awa” or “maca-awa.” Where the rice is grow-
ing under very moist conditions it may cause the loss of a large part of
the crop. This disease of rice has also been reported from Japan.
DEMATIACEAE
CERCOSPORA Fries
CERCOSPORA GLIRICIDIAE Syd. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913) Bot.
283.
Luzon, Manila and vicinity, Bur. Sci. 30621 Yates, February 20, 1918,
on leaves of Gliricidia sepium.
CON IOSPORI U M Link
CONIOSPORIUM ORYZINUM Sacc. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23 (1916)
213.
Luzon, Manila and vicinity, Bur. Sci. 30624 Yates, February 20, 1918,
on leaves and glumes of Oryza sativa.
This organism was described by Saecardo from Philippine specimens
said to be on dead and partly decayed leaves of rice. The present collec-
tion occurred on dying and dead leaves and glumes and appeared to be
the cause of the injury. If it should prove to be the primary cause of
the disease, and be widely distributed, it may cause a very appreciable
reduction in the yield of rice in the Philippines.
HADRONEMA Sydow
HADRONEMA ORBICULARE Syd. in Ann. Myc. 7 (1909) 172.
Luzon, Camarines Province, Mount Isarog, Bur. Sci. 22125 Ramos,
November 29, 1913, on leaves of Quercus sp.
HELM I NTHOSPORI U M Link
HELM I NTHOSPORI U M FICUUM sp. nov.
Mycelio abundante, ex hyphis subhyalinis, 2-3.5 y crassis com-
posite; conidiophoris numerosis, erectis, obscure brunneis (casta-
neis), septatis, 350-450 y longis, 8-10 y crassis, deinde ad apicem
torulosis ; conidiis ad basim truncatis, plerumque 4-septatis,
44-50 y longis, 6-9 y latis, brunneis, ad septa non constrictis.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28897 Ramos &
Edano, May 15, 1917, on sterile mycelium of Meliola on leaves of Ficus
caudatifolia.
The conidiophores are often aggregated into tufts and then approach
Arthobotryum sp.
HELM I NTHOSPOR 1 U M LEUCOSYKEAE sp. nov.
Mycelio ex hyphis brunneis septatis 5-5.5 y crassis formato;
conidiophoris numerosis, erectis, brunneis, septatis, 300 y longis,
7-8 y crassis, conidiis ad basim truncatis, 3-septatis, ad septa
non constrictis, apicem rostratis, 30 x 8 y.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Umiray, Bur. Sci. 29084 Ramos & Edano,
Yates: Philippine Fungi
XIII, C, 6
383
June 2, 1917, on a Meliola on the lower surface of the leaves of Leucosyke
capitellata.
The Meliola on which this grows appears to be an undescribed species
having perithecia 150 to 200 p diam., and brown 4-septate spores 45-50
p long by 18-20 p wide. The conidiophores of the Helminthosporium
are not at all torulose. The two end cells of the spores are hyaline and
the apex is prolonged into a beak 7-8 p long.
HELMINTHOSPORIUM FLAGELLATUM sp. nov.
Mycelio abundante, ex hyphis subhyalinis 2.5-4 p crassis for-
mato ; conidiophoris numerosis, erectis, obscure brunneis, septatis
200-300 p longis, 10 p crassis, prope apicem (50-75 p) torulo-
sis; conidiis ad basim truncatis, 3-4 septatis, 40-50 p longis,
10-12 p latis, brunneis, ad septa non constrictis.
Luzon, Rizal Province, Mount Lumutan, Bur. Sci. 2980b Ramos &
Edaho, July 2, 1917, on the sterile mycelium of a Meliola on the lower
surface of leaves of Ardisia disticha.
The mycelium of this species of Helminthosporium is almost hyaline,
though certain filaments have a distinctly yellow tinge. The spores are
mostly either 3- or 4-septate, the terminal cells being much lighter in
color than the others. The apex is often prolonged into a hyaline beak
or flagellum 20-30 p long and 3 p in diameter; measurements of spores
as given do not include this beak.
HELMINTHOSPORIUM RAVEN ELI I Curt, in Am. Journ. Sci. Arts II
6 (1848) 352.
Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Trinidad, Bur. Sci. 25151 Yates, March
16, 1916: Bontoc Subprovince, Bontoc, Bur. Sci. 25230 Yates, April 17,
1916, both on inflorescences of Sporobolus elongatus. Samar, Catubig
River, Bur. Sci. 2U635 Ramos, February-March, 1916, on the inflorescence
of Panicum auritum.
SPIRALOTRICHUM genus novum
Hyphis sterilis erectis, spiraliter tortuosis, simplicibus, in
caespitulis aggregatis; conidiis acrogenis, globosis, brunneis;
basidiis erectis, brevibus.
SPIRALOTRICHUM PIPERIS sp. nov.
Caespitulis hypophyllis, minutis, punctiformibus, 0.25-0.5
mm diam.; hyphis sterilis spiraliter tortuosis, 50-90 p longis,
5-7 p latis, brunneis, non ramosis; basidiis brevioribus, simpli-
cibus; conidiis globosis, castaneo-brunneis, papillatis, 3. 5-4.0 p
diam.
Luzon, Tayabas Province, Basiad, Bur. Sci. 25663 Yates, December
19, 1916, on living leaves of Piper sp. : Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui,
Bur. Sci. 27725 Ramos, March 6, 1917, on living leaves of Piper sp.
This fungus appears to be an active parasite on the leaves of pepper.
158742 4
384
The Philippine Journal of Science
A large part of the leaf tissue is killed and becomes light gray in color.
The spots of dead tissue are more or less circular in outline or confluent
with narrow black margins. The fungus appears on the areas of dead
tissue before the entire leaf is killed.
TUBERCULARIACEAE
HYMENOP5IS Saccardo
HYMENOPSIS CUDRANIAE Mass, in Kew Bull. (1899) 167.
Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27733 Ramos , February
20, 1917, on leaves of Cudrania javanica.
ERRATA
Page 175, line 8 from the top, for stamens 8 read stamens co.
Page 183, line 14 from the top, for 9 cm. read 9 mm.
Page 193, line 7 from the bottom, for 11 cm read 11 mm.
Page 196, lines 7 and 15 from the bottom, for 8 cm read 3.8 cm.
385
INDEX
and specific names and new combinations are in black-faced type: synonyms
mentioned in the text are in italics. ]
[New generic
and names of species incidentally
A
Abelmoschus sagittifolius Kurz, 30.
vanoverberghii Merr., 29.
Acanthaceae, 59.
Acanthophora scandens Merr., 316.
Actaea aspera Lour., 147.
Actinodothis piperis Syd., 376.
Adenia acuminata (Blume) King, 97:
dementis Merr., 95.
cordifolia (Blume) Engl., 95.
longipedunculata Merr., 96.
macrophylla (Blume) Koord., 97.
quadrifida Merr., 94.
Adenosacme coriacea Dunn, 159.
Adinandra millettii Benth., 148.
Aecidium karnbachii P. Henn., 378.
rhytismoideum B. & Br., 379.
Aegle, 335.
Aeglopsis, 335.
Aerobryopsis lanosa (Mitt.) Broth., 210*.
Aglaia brevipetiolata Merr., 289.
dementis Merr., 76.
curranii Merr., 294.
elaeagnoidea (Juss. ) Benth., 296.
elaeagnoidea Benth. var. pallens Merr.,
297.
elliptica Blume, 77.
grandifoliola Merr., 293.
harmsiana Ferk., 77, 293.
heterophylla Merr., 77.
lanceolata Merr., 294.
lancilimba Merr., 294.
luzoniemsis (Vid.) Men*. & Rolfe, 78,
289.
matthewsii Merr., 79.
mirandae Merr., 295.
monophylla Perk., 80, 289.
moultonii Merr., 78.
myriantha Merr., 295.
pallens Merr., 297.
puncticulata Merr., 290.
pyriformis Merr., 290, 291.
rizalensis Merr., 289.
robinsonii Merr., 291.
sarawakana (A. DC.) Merr., 78.
simplicifolia Harms, 80.
stenophylla Merr., 295.
submonophylla Miq., 80.
tayabensis Merr., 292.
unifoliolata Koord., 80, 289.
Aglaonema acutispathum N. E. Br., 133.
modestum Schott, 133.
Agrostis alba Linn., 131.
elmeri Merr., 131.
hugoniana Rendle, 131.
Aithaloderma clavatisporum Syd., 236.
Albizzia corniculata (Lour.) Merr., 140.
lebbelcoides Benth., 16.
megaladenia Merr., 16.
rnilletii Benth., 140.
Allantodia pinnata Blanco, 126.
Alio morphia paucifiora Benth., 151.
Alocasia macrorrhiza Schott, 3.
maquilingensis Merr., 3.
wenzelii Merr., 2.
Alsomitra integrifoliola (Cogn.) Hayata, 66.
pubescens Merr., 64.
Alyxia glabra Merr., 53.
lanceolata Merr., 53.
laxiflora Merr., 54.
luzoniensis Merr., 55.
monilifera Vid., 63.
monticola C. B. Rob., 53.
revoluta Merr., 52.
xibuyanensis Elm., 52.
Arnpelopsis heterophylla Blume, 146.
heterophylla Sieb. & Succ., 146.
Andropogon fragilis R. Br., 129.
fragilis R. Br., var. sinensis Ren
die, 129.
Aneilema humile Merr., 4.
Anisoptera brunnea Foxw., 181.
curtisii Dyer, 181.
mindanensis Foxw., 181.
thurifera (Blanco) Blume, 181.
Anoectangium subalarum Broth., 206.
Anomobryum gemmigerum Broth., 207.
Apocynaceae, 52.
Aquifoliaceae, 143.
Araceae, 2, 133.
Araliaceae, 44, 99, 152, 316.
Aralia ferox Miq., 317.
Ardisia boissieri A. DC., 50.
brachybotrys Lauterb. & K. Schum
111.
dolichosepala Merr., 112.
hosei Merr., 116.
kinabaluensis Merr., 114.
lanceolata Roxb., 109.
lancifolia Merr., 113.
lepidotula Merr., 115.
lucida Merr., 111.
moultonii Merr., 108.
nigromaculata Merr., 49.
nitidula Mez, 109.
387
388
Index
Ardisia obscurinervia Merr., 112.
pendula Mez, 113.
petocalyx SchefL, 112.
polyactis Mez, 117.
pyg-maea Merr., 110.
rivularis Merr., 50.
salicifolia A. DC., 50.
sarawakensis Merr., 109.
scabrida Mez, 115.
Aristolochiaceae, 9, 280.
Aristolochia foveolata Merx\, 280.
humilis Merr., 9.
philippinensis Warb., 10.
tagala Cham., 281.
Artocarpus, 353.
Asclepiadaceae, 120, 330.
Asplenium wichurae Mett., 126.
Asterina banguiensis Yates, 372.
breyniae Yates, 371.
canthii Yates, 372.
capparidis Syd., 372.
deeipiens Syd., 372.
elmeri Syd., 372.
fagarae Yates, 373.
jasminieola Yates, 373.
laxiuscula Syd., 372.
litseae Yates, 373.
momordicae Yates, 374.
neolitseae Yates, 374.
piperis Yates, 374.
ramosii Yates, 375.
zizyphiae Yates, 375.
Asterinella calami Syd., 375.
luzonensis Syd., 376.
Athyrium bulbiferum (Brack.) Merr., 126.
macrocarpum (Blume) Milde, 126.
obtusifolium Rosenst., 126.
pinnatum Cope!, 126.
tenuissimum (Hayata) Merr., 126.
wichurae (Mett.) Merr., 126.
li
Balanocarpus bracbyptera Foxw., 195.
cagayanensis Foxw., 194.
Balsamocitrinae, 336.
Balsamocitrus, 335.
Barbella clemensiae Broth., 210.
eonsanguinea (Thwait. et Mitt.)
Jaeg., 205.
enervis (Mitt.) Fleisch., 211.
inflexa (Dub.) C. Mull., 205.
orientalis (Willd. ) Broth., 205.
pendula (Sul!) Fleisch., 210.
Bartramiaceae, 208.
Bassia cagayanensis Merr., 48.
coriaceae Merr., 324.
mirandae Merr., 324.
oblongifolia Merr., 323.
Beddomea luzoniensis Vid., 289.
simplicifolia Bedd., 80.
Begoniaceae, 38, 314.
Begonia aequo.ta A. Gray, 41, 314.
apayaoensis Merr., 39.
binuangensis Merr., 40.
castilloi Merr., 38.
caudata Merr., 41.
Begonia edanoii Merr., 314.
elegans Elm., 314.
elmeri Men-., 39.
hernandioides Merr., 39.
lagunensis Elm., 314.
megacarpa Merr., 42.
nigritarum Steud., 38.
oxyspernm A. DC., 41.
peltata Elm., 39.
rufipila Merr., 39.
tayabensis Merr., 38.
wenzelii Merr., 41, 314.
Berghausia patula Munro, 130.
Blastus cochinchinensis Lour., 151.
hindsii Hance, 151.
pauciflorus Merr., 151.
Boerlag-iodendron catanduanense Merr., 318.
fenicis Merr., 44.
heterophyllum Merr., 44, 319.
luzoniense Merr., 45.
pectinatum Merr., 46.
tayabense Merr., 45.
yatesii Merr., 44, 319.
Botrychium ternatum (Thunb. ) Sw., 129.
Botrytis infestans Mont., 361.
Brachymenium nepalense Hook., 207.
Bracbytheeiaeeae, 222.
Brandi sw discolor Hook. f. & Th., 158.
glabresce ns Rehder, 158.
hancei Hook, f., 158.
laetevirens Rehder, 158.
racemusa Hems!, 158.
souliei Bonati, 158.
swinglei Merr., 157.
Breutelia arundinifoiia (Dub.) Broth., 209.
Bridelia loureiri Hook. & Arn., 142.
monoica (Lour.) Merr., 142.
Bryaceae, 206.
Bryum ambiguum Dub., 207.
compressidens C. Mull, 207.
coronatum, SchwaegT., 207.
ramosum (Hook.) Mitt., 207.
Bulgariaceae, 361.
Bulgariastrum eaespitosum Syd., 361.
Burseraceae, 304.
C
Caesalpinia lebbekoides DC., 140.
Callicarpa dichotoma (Lour.) Raeuseh., 156.
lanata Linn., 156.
longiloba Merr., 156.
oligantha Merr., 156.
platyphylla Merr., 57.
purpurea Juss., 156.
tomentosa Hook. & Arn., 166.
tomentosa Murr., 156.
tomentosa Willd., 156.
Callicostella papillata (Mont.) Mitt., 212.
CaUigonum asperum Lour., 147.
Calymperaceae, 204.
Calymperes orientale Mitt., 204.
serratum A. Br., 204.
Calyptothecium tumidum (Mitt.) Fleisch., 211.
Campylium glaucocarpum (Reinw. ) Broth.,
215.
Campylopodium euphorocladum (C. Mull.)
Besch., 201.
Index
389
Campylopus ericoides (Grift.) Jaeg., 202.
hernitrius (C. Mull.) Jaeg., 202.
Canarium euryphyllum Perk., 305.
microphyllum Merr., 304.
Capnodiaceae, 236.
Capparidaceae, 12.
Capparis ilocana Merr., 13.
loheri Merr., 13.
longipes Merr., 12.
sepvaria Linn., 14.
Carex bambusetorum Merr., 132.
brunnea Thunb., 133.
doniana Spreng., 133.
japonica Thunb., 133.
rhynchachaenium Clarke, 133.
teinogyna Boott, 133.
Carpesium cernuum Linn., 161.
Casearia cinerea Turcz., 35.
confertiflora Merr., 34.
euphlebia Merr., 34.
grewiaefolia Vent., 36.
Cataeauma aspidium (Berk.) Theiss. & Syd.,
376.
Cayratia japonica Gagnep., 145.
tenuifolia Gagnep., 145.
Celastraeeae, 306.
Cenangiaceae, 234, 362.
Ceratophyllum, 347.
Cereospora gliricidiae Syd., 382.
mangiferae Koord., 240.
Ceropegia borneensis Merr., 120.
cumingiana Deene., 121.
curviflora Hassk., 121.
Oestrum nocturnum , 353.
Chaetomitrium orthorrhynchum (Doz. et Molk. )
Bryol. jav., 213.
papillifolium Bryol. jav., 213.
philippinense (Mont.) Bryol.
jav., 213.
Cluietospermum glutinosum (Blanco) Swingle,
340.
Chalcas, 336.
Chionanthus ramiflora Roxb., 119.
Chisocheton parvifoliolus Merr., 297.
philippinus Harms, 297.
Cissus assamica Craib., 145.
japonica Willd., 145.
landuk Hassk., 146.
tenuifolia Heyne, 145.
Clausena, 337.
Cleistanthus monoicus Muell.-Arg., 142.
oligophlebius Merr., 80.
paxii Jabl., 81.
Cleistocalyx nitidus Blume, 98.
Clethraceae, 103, 154.
Clethra canescens Hemsl., 154.
canescens Reinw., 106.
dementis Merr., 104.
fabri Hance, 154.
lancifolia Turcz., 106, 155.
luzonica Merr., 104.
pachyphylla Merr., 103.
pulgarensis Elm., 104.
wUliamsii C. B. Rob., 105.
Cleyra dubia Champ., 149.
fragrans Champ., 149.
ochnacea DC., 148.
Clutia monoica Lour., 142.
Cocculus sarmentosus (Lour.) Diels, var.
stenophyllus Merr., 10.
Coix heteroclita Roxb., 129.
Collybia albuminosa (Berk.) Petch, 229.
Columella japonica Merr., 145.
tenuifolia Merr., 145.
Commelinaceae, 4.
Compositae, 161.
Coniogramme fraxinea (Don) Diels, 127.
Coniosporium oryzinum Sacc., 382.
Connaraceae, 16, 68.
Connarus agamae Merr., 68.
borneensis Merr., 69.
densiflorus Merr., 70.
ferrugineus Jack, 73.
grandis Jack, 69.
hebephyllus King, 73.
pachyphyllus Merr., 71.
plumoso-stellatus Merr., 72.
subfoveolatus Merr., 15.
Convolvulaceae, 56.
Cornaceae, 42, 325.
Corticium javanicum Zimmerman, 239.
salmonicolor B. et. Br., 239.
zimmermanni Sacc. et Syd., 239.
Crotalaria trifoliastrum Willd., 17.
Crudia havilandi Prain, 74.
reticulata Merr., 73.
Cryptomyces pongamiae Sacc., 377.
Ctenidium forstenii (Bryol. jav.) Broth., 215.
Cucurbitaceae, 64, 332.
Cucurbita, 353.
Cupia mollissima Hook. & Arn., 160.
Cyperaceae, 132.
Cyrtandra alvarezii Merr., 326.
castanea Merr., 326.
incisa C. B. Clarke, 327.
longipedunculata Merr., 330.
longipes Merr., 329.
microphylla Merr., 328.
multifolia Merr., 327.
tenuipes Merr., 329, 330.
I>
Daedalea imponens Ces., 239.
Daldinia concentrica (Bolt.) Ces. et De Not.,
238, 378.
Dematiaceae, 240, 382.
Dendropanax acuminatissimum Merr., 152.
japonicum Seem.. 152.
proteum Benth., 152.
Dicranaceae, 201.
Dicranoloma monocarpum Broth., 202.
tenuirete Broth., 202.
Didymocarpus swinglei Merr., 156,
Dilleniaceae, 31, 85, 147, 308.
Dimerium tayabense Yates, 362.
Dioscoreaceae, 134.
Dioscorea pentaphylla Linn., 134.
Diospyros eriantha Champ., 47.
pilosanthera Blanco, 48.
390
Index
Diospyros streptosepala Merr., 322.
tayabensis Merr., 47.
velascoi Merr., 46.
Diplazium bulbiferum Brack., 126.
wichurae Diels, 126.
Diplodia cacaoicola 237.
Dipterocarpaceae, 163, 311.
Dipterocarpus aftinis Brandis, 176.
basilanicus Foxw., 179.
caudatus Foxw., 177.
cuneatus Foxw., 178.
fagineus Vesque, 179.
gracilis Blume, 177, 178.
grandiflorus Blanco, 179.
hasseltii Blume, 177.
malaanonan Blanco, 189.
obconicus Foxw., 178.
orbicularis Foxw., 180.
perturbinatus Foxw., 177.
philippinensis Foxw., 179.
pilosus Roxb., 176.
speciosus Brandis, 178.
subalpinus Foxw., 177.
trinervis Blume, 176.
vernicifluus Blanco, 177, 179.
warburgii Brandis, 178.
Dischidia lancifolia Merr., 330
merriUii Schltr., 330.
Distichophyllum nigricaule Mitt., 212.
Dothidea grcimmodes Berk., 371.
perisporioides B. & C., 371.
Dothidella albizziae Syd.,*377.
perisporioides Sacc., 371.
Dothiopsis philippinensis Yates, 380.
Dryopteris punctata (Thunb. ) C. Chr., 127.
Dysoxylum hexandrum Merr., 297.
ilocanum Merr., 298.
kinabaluense Merr., 76.
palawanense Merr., 75, 300.
panayense Merr., 75, 299.
platyphyllum Merr., 298.
vrieseanum C. DC., 299.
wenzelii Merr., 299.
F
Ebenaceae, 46, 322.
Ectropothecium assimile Broth., 215.
brachyphyllum Broth., 216.
buitenzorgii (Bel.) Jaeg., 216.
callichroides (C. Miill.) Jaeg.,
216.
cyperoides (Hook.) Jaeg., 216.
e’eganti-pinnatum (C. Mull.)
Jaeg., 216.
elmeri Broth., 216.
ferrugineum (C. Miill.) Jaeg.,
216.
ichnotocladum (C. Miill.)
Jaeg., 216.
luzoniae (C. Miill.) Broth.,
216.
micropyxis Broth., 215.
monumentorum (Dub.) Jaeg.,
215.
subintorquatum Broth., 216.
Elaeocarpaceae, 27.
Elaeocarpus bontocensis Merr., 27.
leytensis Merr., 28.
megacar pa Elm., 29.
monocera Cav., 29.
octopetalus Merr., 28.
surigaensis Merr., 28.
Elatostema catanduanense Men*., 271.
gracilifolium Merr., 8, 272.
Eleocharis tetraquetra Nees, 132.
Elmeriobryum philippinense Broth., 215.
ELodea , 347.
Elytranthe acuhae Merr., 279.
formosa G. Don, 280.
Endodothella albizziae Syd., 377.
Endotrichella elegans (Doz. et Molk.) Fleisch.,
209.
eimeri Broth., 209.
perplicata Broth., 209.
Entodontaceae, 212.
Entodon longidens Broth., 212.
rubicundus (Wils. ) Jaeg., 212.
Entyloma oryzae Syd., 378.
Epilobium philippinense C. B. Rob., 151.
Epirixanthes aphylla (Griff.) Merr., 142.
Ericaceae, 152.
Eriogonum, 359.
Eriopus flaccidus Broth., 213.
Erycibe laevigata Wall., 57.
sargentii Merr., 56.
Erythrodontium squarrulosum (Mont.) Par.,
212.
Eugenia alcinae Merr., 98.
cleistocalyx Merr., 98.
nervosa Miq., 98.
villamilii Merr., 98.
Euphorbiaceae, 80, 142.
Eurya coriacea Merr., 310.
japonica Thunb., 310.
ochnacea Szysz., 148.
pachyphylla Merr., 309.
pachyrhachis Merr., 310.
I Eutypa bambusina Penz et Sacc., 238.
Eutypella heveae Yates, 378.
Everettia octodonta Men*., 315.
pulcherrima Merr., 315.
Evodia glaberrima Merr., 18.
ternata Merr., 19.
F
Fagaceae, 6, 272.
Fagara chinensis Merr., 141.
Fagraea auriculata Jack, 51.
curranii Merr., 50.
longiflora Merr., 52.
macgregorii Merr., 51.
Feronia, 335.
Feroniella, 335.
Ficus pyriformis Hook. & Arn., 136.
rectinervia Men*., 135.
stenophylla Hemsl., 136.
Fimbristylis annua (All.) R. & S., 132.
diphylla Vahl, 132.
hookeriana Boeck., 132.
Firmiana simplex (Linn.) W. F. Wight, 308.
Fissidentaceae, 203.
Fissidens braunii (C. Miill.) Doz. et Molk, 203.
Index
391
Fissidens nagasakinus Besch. var. luzonensis
Broth., 204.
nobilis Griff., 204.
robinsonii Broth., 204.
Flacourtiaceae, 34, 97.
Floribundaria floribunda ( Doz. et Molk.)
Fleisch., 210.
Fontinalis, 347.
Freycinetia acutifolia Men., 267.
apayaoensis Merr., 269.
atocensis Martelli, 269.
banahaensis Elm., 268.
batanensis Mart., 268.
botuliformis Merr., 268.
bulusanensis Merr., 268.
oblongifolia Merr., 267.
platyphylla Merr., 267.
scabripes Warb., 268.
williamsii Merr., 269.
Funalia philippinensis Murr., 239.
Funariaceae, 206.
Funaria clavescens Schwaegr., 206.
luzonensis Broth., 206.
G
Garnotia barbulata (Nees) Merr., 130.
ciliata Merr., 130.
patula Munro, 130.
stricta Brongn., 130, 131.
Garovaglia bakeri Broth., 209.
perundulata Broth., 210.
plicata (Nees) Endl. var. graciles-
cens Broth., 210.
Gentianaceae, 120.
Gentiana atkinsonii Burkill, 120.
dementis Merr., 120.
Gesneriaceae, 156, 326.
Gleditschia australia Hemsl., 141.
fera (Lour.) Merr., 141.
macracantha Desf., 141.
Glycosmis, 337.
Gramineae, 129.
Guignardia creberrima Syd., 377.
Gymnacranthera macrobotrys Merr., 284.
murtoni Warb., 284.
paniculata Warb., 284.
Gymnogramme lanceotata Hook., 127.
Gymnostomiella longinervis Broth., 205.
vernicosa (Hamp.) Fleisch.,
205.
H
Hadronema orbiculare Syd., 382.
Hedyotis acuminatissima Merr., 159.
acutangula Champ., 160.
Helminthosporium flcuum Yates, 382.
flagellatum Yates, 383.
leucosykeae Yates, 382.
ravenelii Curt., 383.
Hemigraphis cumingiana F.-Vill., 60.
hirsutissima Merr., 60, 62.
pauciflora Merr., 61.
strigosa F.-Vill., 60.
viridis Merr., 59.
Hemileia canthii B. & Br., 379.
vastatrix B. & Br., 379.
Hendersonia celastri Yates, 380.
Herminium angnstifolium (Lindl.) Benth.,
135.
Hevea brasiliensis Muell., 234.
Hibiscus simplex Linn., 308.
vitifolius Linn., 30.
fiimanthocladium lojnforme Fleisch., 212.
Hippocrateaceae, 20.
Hippocratea cumingii Laws., 22.
megalocarpa Merr., 20.
trichopetala Merr., 21.
Homaliodendron flabellatum (Dicks.) Fleisch.,
212.
scalpelli folium (Mitt. ) Fleisch.,
212.
Homalium bdrandae Vid., 38.
loheri Merr., 37.
luzoniense F.-Vill., 37.
multiflorum Merr., 35.
platyphyllum Merr., 36.
villarianum Vid., 37.
villosum Merr., 37.
Hookeriaceae, 212.
Hopea acuminata Merr., 183.
basilanica Foxw., 183.
beccariana Burck, 184.
foxworthyi Elm., 184.
glutinosa Elm., 184.
malibato Foxw., 184.
maquilingensis Foxw., 184.
mindanensis Foxw., 183.
ovalifolia Boerl., 183.
philippinensis Dyer, 183.
pierrei Hance, 184.
plagata (Blanco) Vidal, 183.
Horsfieldia ardisiifolia Warb., 286.
confertiflora Merr., 285.
megacarpa Merr., 286.
merrillii Warb., 287.
oblongata Merr., 286.
Hoya fischeriana Warb., 331.
luzonica Schltr., 332.
pentaphlebia Merr., 330.
pubicalyx Merr., 331.
Hymenodon sericeus (Doz. et Molk.) C. Mull.,
208.
Hymenopsis cudraniae Mass., 384.
Hyophila flavipes Broth., 205.
Hypnaceae, 215.
Hypnodendraceae, 222.
Hypnodendron formosicum Card, 222.
Hypocreaceae, 237, 376.
Hypocrea borneensis Yates, 237.
Hypocrella schizostachyii P. Henn., 376.
Hypolepis punctata (Thunb. ) Mett., 127.
Hypserpa jagori Diels, 11.
Hysterostomella psychotriae Syd., 376.
I
Ilex fletcheri Merr., 144.
hanceana Maxim., 144.
lohfauensis Merr., 144.
memecylifolia Champ., 144.
tutcheri Merr., 143.
392
Index
Illicium cambodianum H since, 68.
stapfii Merr., 67.
Ilocania pedata Merr., 65.
Inocyelus psychotriae Syd., 376.
Ipomoea coptica (Linn.) Roth, 57.
dissecta Willd., 57.
diversifolia R. Br., 57.
nil, 353.
Isoptera borneensis Schell., 194.
Isopterygium albescens (Schwaegr. ) Jaeg., 217.
minutirameum (C. Mull.) Jaeg.,
217.
taxirameum (Mitt.) Jaeg., 217.
J
Jambosa nitida Korth., 98.
Justieia dispar Merr., 62.
loheri C. B. Clarke, 63.
quadrifaria Wall., 63.
K
Kaluhaburunghos vnonoecus O. Kuntze, 143.
Knema alvarezii Merr., 288.
heterophylla Warb., 288.
parvifolia Merr., 287.
Kopsia laxinervia Merr., 55.
longiflora Merr., 55.
Kretzschmaria pechuelii P. Henn., 238.
Kyllinga odorata Vahl var. cylindrica (Nees)
Kukenth., 132.
Lr
Landutcia landuk Planch., 146.
Laportea pendula Merr., 270.
Lasiothyrium cycloschizon Syd., 381.
Lauraceae, 137.
Leea papillosa Merr., 307.
Leguminosae, 16, 73, 139.
Leontoglossum scabrum Hance, 147.
Lepidagathis cinerea Merr., 63.
mierophylla Merr., 63.
Leptohymenium tenue (Hook.) Schwaegr.,
215.
Leskeaeeae, 214.
Leskeodon philippinensis Broth., 213.
Leucobryaeeae, 203.
Leucobryum bowringii Mitt., 203.
sanctum Hamp., 203.
scalare C. Milll., 203.
scalare C. Mull. var. tjibodensis
Fleisch., 203.
sericeum Broth., 203.
Leucomiaceae, 219.
Leucomium aneurodictyon (C. Mull.) Jaeg.,
219.
Leucophanes candidum (Hornsch.) Lindb.,
203.
Liliaceae, 5, 134.
Lindernia pyxidaria All., 168.
Linociera calophyUa (Blume) Knobl., 119.
macrohotrys Merr., 117.
montana (Blume) DC., 118.
oligantha Merr., 118.
remotinervia Merr., 324.
verruculosa Merr., 119.
Litsea pulchella Meissn., 137.
Loganiaceae, 50.
l.jj mar in m a tthewii Christ, 128.
Loranthaceae, 273.
Loranthus amplifolius Merr., 277.
confertiflorus Merr., 273.
cuernosensis Elm., 275.
crassilimbus Merr., 274.
curranii Merr., 277.
edanoii Merr., 275.
fragilis Merr., 279.
fragilis Sprague, 279.
haenkeanus Presl, 277.
ovatibracteus Merr., 278.
pachycladus Merr., 276.
palawanensis Merr., 279.
pubiflorus Merr., 279.
pubiflorus Sprague, 279.
samarensis Merr., 276.
seriatus Merr., 275.
spraguei Men-., 279.
Loxogramme fauriei Copel., 127.
lanceolata (Sw. ) Presl, 127.
linearis Copel., 127.
malayana Copel., 127.
remote-frondigerum Hayata, 127.
Lucinaea cumingiana Vid., 160.
Lycopodium fauriei Rosenst., 127.
tereticaule Hayata, 127.
M
Macromitrium angustifolium Bryol. jav., 206.
goniorrhynchum ( Doz. et Molk. )
Mitt., 206.
merrillii Broth., 206.
semipellucidum Doz. et Molk.
206.
subuligerum Bryol., 206.
Macrothamnium macrocarpum (Reinw. et
Hornsch.) Fleisch., 215.
Maesa brunnea Merr., 321.
dementis Merr., 106.
conferta Merr., 107.
denticulata Mez., 322.
japonica (Thunb. ) Moritzi, 108.
laevigata Scheff., 106.
megaphylla Merr., 322.
montana A. DC., 107.
platyphylla Elm., 322.
subeaudata Merr., 105.
Magnoliaceae, 11, 67.
Mallotus affinis Merr., 82.
• auriculatus Merr., 83.
calvus Pax & K. Hoffm., 82.
caudatus Merr., 83.
glaberrimus Muell.-Arg., 84.
woodii Merr., 81.
Malvaceae, 29.
Marantaceae, 269.
Mastixia pachyphylla Merr., 326.
philippinensis Wang., 43.
premnoides (Elm.) Hallier f., 43,
826.
subeaudata Merr., 43.
tetrapetala Merr., 42, 326.
Matthaea calophyUa Perk., 12.
intermedia Merr., 11.
latifolia Perk., 12.
Index
393
Matthaea sancta Blume, 12.
sancta Blume var. venulosa Perk.,
12.
Megalonectria pseudotrichia (Sehw. ) Speg.,
237.
Meiothecium jagori (C. Mull.) Broth., 219.
microcarpum (Harv.) Mitt., 219.
obtusum Broth., 219.
Melastomataceae, 151, 314.
Meliaceae, 75, 289.
Melieope helferi Hook, f., 74.
unifoliolata Merr., 74.
Meliola amoorae Yates, 364.
apayaoensis Yates, 364.
banahaensis Yates, 364.
banguiensis Yates, 365.
barringtoniae Yates, 362.
bataanensis Syd., 362.
bauhiniae Yates, 365.
boerlagiodendriae Yates, 365.
eallicarpae Syd., 362.
cavitensis Yates, 366.
celticola Yates, 366.
celtidiae Yates, 367.
clerodendricola P. Henn., 363.
eurvata Yates, 367.
derridis Yates, 368.
desmodi Karst. & Roum., 363.
diplochaeta Syd., 363.
exocarpiae Yates, 368.
fagraeae Syd., 363.
ficium Yates, 368.
gareiniae Yates, 369.
gymnosporiae Syd., 363.
hamata Syd., 363.
hopeae Yates, 369.
jasmimcola P. Henn., 235.
litseae Yates, 363.
mangiferae Earle, 236, 363.
micromera Syd., 363.
mitragynes Syd., 363.
otophorae Yates, 235.
pterocarpiae Yates, 235.
pulcherrima Syd., 371.
ramosi Syd., 363.
roureae Yates, 370.
tamarindi Syd., 363.
trachelospermae Yates, 370.
umirayensis Yates, 370.
wrightiae Yates, 371.
Meliolina pulcherrima Syd., 371.
Memeeylon elliptifolium Merr., 314.
pachyphyUum Merr., 315.
sessilifolium Merr., 315.
Menispermaeeae, 10.
Merceyopsis minuta (Broth.) var. subminuta
(Broth.) Broth, et Dix, 206.
Merrillia caloxylon Swingle, 338.
Meteoriopsis reclinata (C. Milll.) Fleisch., 211.
MeteOrium helminthoeladum (C. Mull.) Fleisch.,
211.
miquelianum (C. Mull.) Fleisch.,
211.
Michelia montana Blume, 11.
platyphylla Merr., 11.
Mierothyriaceae. 371.
Mierotropis philippinensis Merr., 306.
platyphylla Merr., 307.
Millettia dunnii Merr., 139.
oosperma Dunn, 140.
Mimosa corniculata Lour., 140.
fera Lour., 141.
Miquelia barbulata Nees, 130.
Mniaceae, 208.
Mniodendron divarieatum (Reinw. et Hornsch.)
Lindb., 222.
fuscomucronatum (C. Mull. )
Broth., 222.
Mnium succulentum Mitt., 208.
Mocanera tnalaanonan Blanco, 189.
Moniliaceae, 381.
Monimiaceae, 11.
Moraceae, 135.
Morenoella anisocarpa Syd., 376.
Morinda cumingiana Vid., 160.
parvifolia Bartl., 160.
umbellata Linn.. 160.
Mucoraceae, 361.
Mucor artocarpi B. & Br., 361.
Murraya caloxylon Ridl., 336, 338.
Myeetia coriacea Merr., 169.
Mycosphaerellaceae, 238, 377.
Myeosphaerella alocasiae Syd., 238.
aristolochiae Syd., 377.
oculata Syd., 377.
Myristicaceae, 281.
Myristiea cookii Wai'b., 284.
cumingii Warb., 281.
discolor Merr., 281.
guatterii folia A. DC., 284.
mindorensis Merr., 281.
nitida Merr., 282.
palawanensis Merr., 283.
simiarum A. DC., 282.
Myrsinaceae, 49, 105, 321.
Myrtaceae, 98.
N
Nauclea rhynchophylla Miq., 160.
Necator decretus Mass., 239.
Neckeraeeae, 209.
Neekeropsis crinita (Griff.) Fleisch., 211,
gracilenta (Bryol. jav.) Fleisch.,
211.
lepineana (Mont.) Fleisch., 211.
Nectria pseudotrichia B. & C., 237.
Neolitsea levinei Merr., 138.
pulchella (Meissn.) Merr., 137.
subcaudata Merr., 137.
Nephelium intermedium Radik., 24.
mutabile Blume, 24.
sehneideri Merr., 23.
Nephrolepis tenuissima Hayata, 126.
Neptunia depauperata Merr., 16.
gracilis Benth., 17.
monosperma F. Muell., 17.
trriquetra Benth., 17.
O
Octoblepharum albidum (L. ) Hedw., 203.
Oenotheraceae, 151.
Oleaceae, 117, 324.
Ophioglossaceae, 129.
Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) Beauv., 130.
Index
394
Opuntia discata, 358.
Orchidaceae, 135.
Orthomnium loheri Broth., 208.
Orthotrichaceae, 206.
Otophora cauliflora Merr., 24.
fruticosa Blume, 25.
Oxyspora pauciflora Benth., 151.
P
Pandanaceae, 263.
Pandanus acladus Merr., 265.
biliranensis Merr., 266.
botryoides Mart., 266.
brachypodus Mart., 264.
dubius Spreng., 266.
exaltatus Bianco, 264.
oecultus Merr., 265.
philippinensis Merr., 264.
radicans Blanco, 266.
subacaulis Merr., 263.
Fapillaria fuscescens (Hook.) Jaeg., 210.
Parashorea plicata Brandis, 194.
warburgii Brandis, 194.
Parkinsonia microphylla, 353.
Parodiella grammodes (Kze. ) Cooke, 371.
perisporioides Speg., 371.
Parthenocissus heterophylla (Blume) Merr.,
146.
landuk Gagnep., 146.
Paspalum longifolium Roxb., 129.
Passifloraceae, 94.
Pazschkeella philippinensis Yates, 380.
Felekium velatum Mitt., 214.
Peliosanthes macrostegia Hance, 135.
stenophylla Merr., 134.
Pentacme contorta (Vid. ) Merr. & Rolfe, 186.
mindanensis Foxw., 185.
Peperomia reflexa A. Dietr., 135.
Perisporiaceae, 235, 362.
Peronosporaceae, 361.
Peronospora cubensis B. & C., 361.
Fhacelophrynium cylindricum Merr., 269.
Phaeodothiopsis pterocarpi Yates, 237.
Philonotis falcata (Hook.) Mitt., 209.
griffithiana (Wills.) Mitt., 208.
mollis (Doz. et Molk. ) Bryol., 209.
revoluta Bryol., 208.
secunda (Doz. et Molk.) Bryol., 208.
turneriana (Schwaegr. ) Mitt., 209.
Phyllachoraceae, 237, 376.
Phyllachora jioi-fulvae Koord., 376.
luzonensis P. Henn., 377.
pongamiae P. Henn., 377.
pongamiae (B. & Br.,) Petch,
377.
sorghi v. Hohn., 377.
Phyllosticta geloniae Yates, 381.
graffiana Sacc., 381.
heveae Zimm., 240.
melochiae Yates, 240.
miurae K. Miyake, 381.
Physalospora embeliae Yates, 377.
Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary, 361.
Pilea pumila A. Gray, 137.
swinglei Merr., 136.
Pilopogon blumei (Doz. et Molk.) Broth., 202.
Pilopogon subexasperatus (C. Mull.) Broth.
203.
Piperaceae, 6, 135.
Piper zippelia C. DC., 6.
Piricularia oryzae Cavr., 381.
Placosphaeria tiglii P. Henn., 381.
Plagiogyria adnata (Blume) Bedd., 128.
christii Copel., 127.
tenuifolia Copel., 128.
Plasmopara cubensis (B. & C. ) Humphrey
361.
Pleosporaceae, 377.
Pogonatum albomarginatum (C. Mull.) Jaeg.
222.
mierostomum R. Br., 222.
spurio-cirratum Broth., 222.
Polygalaceae, 20, 142.
Polygala cardiocarpa Kurz, 20.
elongata Klein, 20.
eumelces Hassk,, 20.
triphylla Ham., 20.
Polypodiaceae, 126.
Polypodium arisanense Rosenst., 128.
hancockii Baker, 128.
kawakamii Hayata, 128.
lineare Thunb., 128.
oligolepidum Baker, 128.
pteropus Blume, 128.
remote-frondigerum Hayata, 127.
Polyporaceae, 239.
Polystomellaceae, 376.
Polytoca bracteata R. Br., 129.
heteroclita (Roxb.) Merr., 129.
Polytriehaceae, 222.
Porphyra dichotoma Lour., 156.
Potamogeton, 347.
Pottiaceae, 205.
Psedera Neck., 145.
Pseudoleskeopsis acutissima Broth., 214.
decurvata (Mitt.) Broth.
214.
Pseudopohlia bulbifera Williams, 206.
merrillii Broth., 207.
Pteris biaurita Linn., 128.
fauriei Hieron., 128.
quadriaurita Retz., 128.
Pterospermum formosamum Mats., 147.
heterophyllum Hance, 147.
jackianum Wall., 147.
levinei Merr., 146.
rdveum Vid., 147.
proteus Burkill, 147.
Pucciniaceae, 378.
Puccinia citrata Syd., 379.
heterospora Berk, et Curt., 379.
thwaitesii B. & Br., 379.
Pycnothyriaceae, 381.
Q
Quercus cagayanensis Merr., 6.
jordanae Laguna, 8.
llanosii A. DC., 7.
mabesae Merr., 7.
minahassae Koord., 273.
philippinensis A. DC., 273.
rizalensis Merr., 272.
Quinaria Raf., 145.
Index
395
R
Rhacopilaceae, 222.
Rhacopilum spectabile Reinw. et Hornsch., 222.
Rhamnaceae, 25.
Rhaphidostegium luzonense Broth., 220.
saproxylophilum (C. Mull.)
Jaeg., 220.
Rhizogoniaceae, 208.
Rhizogonium spiniforme (L.) Bruch, 208.
Rhizopus artocarpi (B. & Br.) Rac., 361.
Rhodobryum giganteum (Hook.) Hamp., 207.
Rhododendron levinei Men-., 153.
Rhynchostegium vagans (Harv. ) Jaeg., 222.
Rhytisrna pongamiae B. & Br., 377.
Rosaceae, 14, 139.
Rubiaceae, 121, 159.
Rubus buergeri Miq., 139.
cumingii O. Kuntze, 15.
edanoii Merr., 14.
fimbriiferus Focke, 139.
Rutaeeae, 18, 74, 141, 335.
Ryparosa kunstleri King, 97.
oligophlebia Merr., 97.
S
Salaeia euphlebia Merr., 22.
subscandens Elra., 23.
wenzelii Merr., 23.
Salomonia a-phylta Griff., 142.
Santiria elliptifolia Men-., 305.
Sapindaceae, 23.
Sapotaceae, 48, 323.
Saurauia acuminata Merr., 86.
alvarezii Merr., 31.
bicolor Men-., 32.
borneensis Merr., 86.
glabrifolia Men-., 33.
heterosepala Merr., 87.
horrida Hook, f., 86.
hosei Merr., 87.
kinabaiuensis Men-., 88.
leprosa Korth., 87.
longipetiolata Merr., 89.
matthewsii Merr., 90.
mindorensis Merr., 33.
myrmecoidea Merr., 91.
nigrescens Korth., 94.
oblanceolata Merr., 92.
oligantha Men-., 309.
oligophlebia Merr., 308.
platyphylla Merr., 93.
setigera Korth., 91.
sparsifiora Elm., 309.
winlcleri Merr., 93.
Schefflera bipalmatifolia Men-., 99.
borneensis Merr., 100.
calyptrata Merr., 101.
catanduanensis Merr., 319.
elliptifoliola Merr., 320.
gracilis (Blume) Vig., 101.
heterophylla (Seem.) Harms, 100.
myrianthella Merr., 320.
ovoidea Merr., 319.
pachyphlebia Merr., 102.
subulata (Miq.) Vig., 103.
tetrandra Merr., 102.
Schima confertiflora Merr., 150.
noronhae Reinw., 151.
superba Garden. & Champ., 151.
Schistomitrium apiculatum Doz. et Molk, 203.
copelandii Broth., 203.
robustum Doz. et Molk, 203.
Sclerutum stipitatum Berk. & Curr., 228.
Scrophulariaceae, 167.
Sematophyllaceae, 219.
Sematophyllum altopungens (C. Mull.) Jaeg.,
221.
hermaphroditum (C. Mull. )
Besch., 221.
hyalinum (Reinw.) Jaeg., 221.
luzonense Broth., 221.
subulatum (Hamp.) Jaeg.,
221.
Shorea astylosa Foxw., 188.
balangeran (Korth.) Dyer, 187.
ciliata King, 188.
eximia (Miq.) Seheff., 191.
falciferoides Foxw., 189.
guiso (Blanco) Blume, 191.
malaanonan (Blanco) Blume, 189.
malibato Foxw., 189.
mindanensis Foxw., 192.
negrosensis Foxw., 192.
pallida Foxw., 190.
philippinensis Brandis, 190.
plagata Foxw., 192.
polita Vid., 190.
polysperma (Blanco) Merr., 191.
ragosa Heim, 191.
scrobieulata Burck, 192.
squamata (Turcz. ) Dyer, 191.
teysmanniana Dyer, 192.
warburgii Gilg, 191.
Sida longistipula Merr., 30.
subspicata F. Muell., 31.
Skimmia japonica Thunb., 141.
Smilax elmeri Merr., 6.
erecta Merr., 5.
lucida Merr., 5.
reticulata Elm., 6.
Solanaceae, 58.
Solanum luzoniense Men-., 58.
luzoniense var. glabrum Merr., 59.
retrorsum Elm., 59.
Spatholobus harmandii Gagnep., 18.
philippinensis Merr., 17.
Sphaerioidaceae, 240, 380.
Sphaeria concentrica Bolt., 238.
gram-modes Kunze, 371.
pseudotrichia Schw., 237.
zonata Lev., 239.
Sphaerophragmium luzonicum Yates, 379.
Sphaerostilbe pseudotrichia B. & Br., 237.
Spiralotrichum piperis Yates, 383.
Spiridentaceae, 208.
Spiridens longifolius Lindb., 208.
reinwardtii Nees, 208.
Sterculiaceae, 84, 146, 308.
Sterculia platanifolia Linn., 308.
Stylocoryne attennata Voigt, 160.
mollissima Walp., 160.
webera Benth., 160
396
Index
Syrrhopodon albovaginatus Schwaegr., 204.
miilleri (Doz. et Molk. ) Lac.,
204.
subulatus Lac., 204.
T
Tarenna attenuata (Yoigt) Hutch., 160.
mollissima Merr., 160.
Tarrietia borneensis Merr., 84.
kunstleri King, 84.
simplicif olia Mast., 84.
s ylvatica (Vid.) Merr., 85.
Taxithelium alare Broth., 218.
bakeri Broth., 218.
benguetiae Broth., 219.
instratum (Brid.) Broth., 217.
lindbergii (Bryol. jav. ) Ren. et
Card., 218,
merrillii Broth., 219.
nepalense (Schwaegr.) Broth.,
217.
papillatum (Harv.) Broth., 219.
percapillipes Broth., 218.
robinsonii Broth., 218.
Ternstroemia japonica Thunb., 148.
kwangtungensis Merr., 148.
xnegacarpa Merr., 309.
penangiana Choisy, 309.
philippinensis Merr., 309.
robinsonii Merr., 309.
Tetr&cera levinei Merr., 147.
sarmentosa. Vahl, 147.
scandens Merr., 147.
Tetraetomia pachyphylla Men-., 19.
tetrandra Merr., 20.
Tetrastigma eornieulatum Merr., 26.
sepulchrei Merr., 27.
Thamnium ellipticum (Bryol. jav. ) Kindb.,
212.
Theaceae, 148, 309.
Thea furfuracea Merr., 149.
Thelephoraceae, 239.
Thuidium bifarium Bryol., 214.
casuarinum (C. Miill. ) Jaeg., 215.
cymbifolium (Doz. et Molk.) Bryol.,
215.
meyenianum (Hamp.) Bryol., 214.
plumulosum (Doz. et Molk.) Bryol.,
215.
tamariscellum (C. Miill.) Bryol.,
214.
trachypodum (Mitt.) Bryol., 214.
Thunbergia grandiflora, 353.
Thymelaeaceae, 312.
Tilletiaceae, 378.
Tilletia oryzae Pat., 376.
Tome x tomentosa Linn., 156.
Trabutia vernicosa Theiss. et Syd., 238.
Trachyphyllum inflexum (Harv.) Gepp., 212.
Trachypodopsis crispatula (Hook.) Fleisch.,
211.
TrachyteUa actaea DC., 147.
Trematodon capillipes C. Miill., 201.
drepanellus Besch., 201.
paucifolius C. Miill., 201.
TrichoLobus ferrugineus Blume, 73.
fulvus Blume, 73.
Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.) Voigt. 64.
ellipsoidea Merr., 332.
palmata Roxb., 64.
Trichosteleum basilanense Broth., 220.
hamatum (Doz. et Molk.) Jaeg.,
220.
hamatum var. semimamillosum
(C. Mull.) Par., 220.
Triphragmium thwaitesii Berk, et Br., 380.
Trismegistia lancifolia (Harv.) Broth., 217.
rigida (Hornsch. et Reinw. )
Broth., 217.
Tristylium ochnaceum Merr., 148.
Tryblidiella mindanaensis P. Henn., 234, 362.
Tuberculariaceae, 384.
tr
Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq. ) Jackson, 160.
Urticaceae, 8, 136, 270.
Ustilaginoidea oryzae Bref., 376.
virens (Cke.) Tak., 376.
Ustilago virens Cooke, 376.
Ustulina zonata (Lev.) Sacc., 239.
V
Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb., 153.
carlesii Dunn, 153.
hancockiae Merr., 152.
iteophyllum. Hance, 153.
Valsaeeae, 238, 378.
Vandellio, pyxidaria Maxim., 158.
Vatica blancoana Elm., 196.
mangachapoi Blanco, 196.
mindanensis Foxw., 196.
obtusifolia Elm., 196.
pachyphylla Merr., 311.
sorsogonensis Foxw., 196.
Vavaetb amicorum Benth., 300.
ardisioides Elm., 301,
hantamensis (Koord. & Val. ) Koord.
& Merr., 300.
chalmersii C. DC., 300.
harveyi Seem., 300.
heterophylla Merr., 303.
megaphyUa C. H. Wright, 300.
pachyphylla Merr., 304.
papuuna F. M. Bailey, 300.
pauciflora Volk., 300.
pilosa Merr., 302.
retusa Merr., 301.
surigaoensis Elm., 301.
Ventilago brunnea Merr., 25.
dichotoma (Blanco) Merr., 26.
Verbenaceae, 57, 155.
Vesicularia campylothecium (Broth.) Broth..
217.
filicuspes Broth., 217.
meyeniana (Hamp.) Broth., 217.
reticulata (Doz. et Molk.) Broth.,
217.
succosa (Mitt.) Broth., 217.
Vitaeeae, 26, 145, 307.
Vitex celebiea Koord., 58.
pentaphylia Merr., 68.
premnoides Elm., 43.
Index
Vitis assamica Laws., 145.
japonica Thunb., 145.
landuk Miq., 146.
w
Walsura glabra Merr., 76.
Webera attenuata Hook, f., 160.
mollissima Benth., 160.
scabridens (Mitt.) Jaeg., 206.
Wikstroemia brachyantha Merr., 313.
fenicis Merr., 312, SIS.
meyeniana Warb., 313.
X
Xanthophytum fruticulosum Blume, 122.
involucratum Merr., 121.
Xylariaceae, 238, 378.
Xylaria, furcata Fr., 226.
nigripes Klotzsch., 227.
Z
Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgw., 142.
Xippelia begoniaefolia Blume, 6.
lappacea Benn., 6.
THE PHILIPPINE BUREAU OF SCIENCE
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CONTENTS
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SWINGLE, WALTER T. Merrillia, a new genus of the tribe
Citreae from the Malay Peninsula 335
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BROWN, WILLIAM H., and TRELEASE, SAM F. Alternate
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