<5)
PHILOSOPHICAL
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
ROYAL SOCIETY
OP
LONDON.
FOR THE YEAR MDCCCXXVI.
PART I.
Printed at the Expence of the Board of Longitude.
M
LONDON:
PRINTED BY W. NICOL, SUCCESSOR TO W. BULMEE AND CO.
CLEVELAND- ROW, ST. JAMEs's;
AND SOLD BY G. AND W. NICOL, PALL-MALL, PRINTERS TO THE
EOYAL SOCIETY,
MDCCCXXVI.
ri7i-7>
Q
41
L8
ftl-Z.
PHILOSOPHICAL
TRANSACTIONS.
Observations of the apparent distances and positions of 4f5^ double
and triple Stars, made in the years 1823, 1824, and 1825;
together with a re-examination of 36 Stars of the same descrip-
tion, the distances and positions of which were communicated in
a former Memoir. By James South, Esq. F. R, S,
Read November 17, 1825.
J. H E Royal Society having honoured the observations of
380 double and triple stars made by Mr. Herschel and
myself with a place in the Philosophical Transactions, I am
induced to offer for the like distinction a fresh series.
The Equatorial Instruments and Micrometers used on the
present occasion, being precisely the same as those with
which the preceding observations were made, the prefatory
matter attached to the former communication, will be gene-
rally applicable to this.
As however some of the results have been obtained in
England, and others in France, the place where each series
of measures was procured, accompanies the date and instru-
ment of observation.
From the 3rd of April, 1825, to the demolition of the
Observatory at Passy, the micrometer of the Five-feet Equa-
torial was apphed to the Seven-feet Instrument, in order to
MDCCCXXVI. b
a Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
obtain the advantage of higher magnifying powers. By
this change they stand in order 92, 157, 181, 327, 413, 5i3,
and 787 ; the commonly used power being 181 : a rigorous
examination assured me, that the value of the one micrometer,
was also the value of the other.
In the subsequent pages will be found observations of
about 160 double and triple stars, hitherto (as far as I know)
undiscovered : their apparent right ascensions and declina-
tions are, I hope, generally accurate to the nearest minute :
and should occasionally a greater error be detected, some
indulgence will I trust be extended to me, for they were
generally found at a considerable distance from the meri-
dian, when extreme unsteadiness of the stars, and unwilling-
ness to quit my observatory, rendered sweeping for new
double stars my only mode of passing the night in it : as
however they have been found on subsequent evenings from
the data here given, no difficulty in identifying them, can
reasonably be expected.
In the former Paper, 37 double and triple stars were
selected as entitled to peculiar notice, these it was my inten-
tion to have subjected individually to a rigid investigation ;
owing however to the almost unprecedented bad weather of
the last autumnal and winter months, go only of them could
be re-measured ; and the observations, which are here sub-
joined as an Appendix, although not so complete* as I could
have wished, will still I hope be deemed not unimportant.
The arrangement is somewhat different from that pursued
on the former occasion : instead of individual measures being
* The Appendix contains observations of thirty-six stars j six however of them
offerno particular interest, and were measured inadvertently, under an idea that
they were vn-measured stars.
and positions of^fSS double and triple stars y &c. 3
presented to public view, the mean result of each night's
work is here noted ; but as the number of observations, and
the differences between the extreme measures of eac'i series
are also specified, it is hoped that the alteration will be satis-
factory to the Society.
As in these observations I have not had the powerful aid
of Mr. Herschel, it has been my endeavour as far as possible
to compensate for the loss ; hence, instead of taking ten indi-
vidual observations both of distance and position on the same
night, and thereby considering the star measured, I have
divided the work generally assigned to each star between
two evenings, the better to correct any error which unfa-
vourable state of atmosphere, inaccurate micrometrical read-
ings, or particular bias of judgment might entail ; and when
the results have exhibited discordances greater than seemed
justified by the difficulty of the observations, a third, or even
a fourth night's determination has been found useful.
To the observations contained in the former Memoir, pecu-
liar interest was attached by the comparison of them with
the results obtained by other astronomers ; of which by far
the most important were those derived from the labours of
Sir W. Herschel ; but as the observations which are re-
corded in the Philosophical Transactions are (from circum-
stances before * adverted to ) of themselves inadequate to
furnish the final results arrived at by that illustrious astro-
nomer, it is grateful to me, and doubtless will also be to the
Society, that the kindness of Mr. Herschel has supplied the
necessary information ; thus the existence of fresh connected
systems is substantiated, and adegree of /)r^5^w^ importance con-
ferred on the following pages, which he alone could bestow.
* See PhU. Trans, for 1824, Part IIL page 20.
4 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
The noble liberality of the Russian Government having re-
cently put Mr. Struve in possession of an instrument much
more powerful, and far more appropriate, for pursuing this
department of astronomical* enquiry, than those with which
his published observations were made, I have not deemed it
right, as heretofore, to refer to his earlier, yet still valuable
determinations, the general accuracy of which may well be
cited as proofs of what industry and perseverance may
achieve, although supported by comparatively slender instru-
mental assistance.
I have said that the accompanying observations were made
partly at home, and partly abroad ; the latter remind me of
a pleasing duty : — the Board of Longitude of Paris, and
Government of France, have claims upon me too great to
remain unnoticed, the one for having requested, and the
other for having acceded to me the permission of introduc-
ing into France, free of all duty (sans conditions) j whatever
astronomical instruments I thought proper ;"f and so effectual
were the arrangements of the Director General of the
* The investigation of parallax by direct observations of double stars, not having
yet been seriously entered upon, although recommended by Sir W. Herschel nearly
fifty years ago, and the importance of it having been warmly pressed upon me by
Monsieur le Marquis de la place — a continuous series of observations of the
most interesting double and triple stars seeming necessary — and fresh determina-
tions of the orbits of Saturn's satellites being wanted — it was my wish to have pro-
cured more extensive means than I possess, to have attacked the one, to have with
greater facility followed up the other, and to have furnished the necessary observa-
tions of the satellites alluded to ; — the overtures however for an object-glass of
twelve inches diameter, and twenty feet focal length (Paris measure), with which I
had proposed to construct an equatorial, similar to that of which an engraving is
given in the former paper, were most unexpectedly arrested in limine, by Mr.
Fraunhofer declining to supply me with one, unless accompanied by apparatus
provided by himself — a useless augmentation of expence, which prudence therefore did
not authorize me, to incur.
f The like indulgence was granted me for the importation of my ordinary bag-
gage, travelling carriage, and for whatever I deemed necessary to render my sojourn
in France comfortable.
and positions 0/4.58 double and triple stars, ^c, 5
Douanes, Mons. le Marquis de Vaulchier, and so extreme
the politeness of the principal and subordinate officers of the
Customs at Calais, that the importation and exportation of
them, were affairs, not of difficulty, but of gratification.
It is needless to state, that on the establishment of an
observatory by a private individual in a foreign country,
many difficulties must be encountered. To Mons. Benjamin
Delessert, whose liberality in promoting every thing which
has science for its aim knows no bounds, I stand indebted,
amongst other things, for whatever comfort my observatory
afforded.
From the members of the Royal Academy of Sciences of
Paris I uniformly received every possible attention, whilst
to Messrs. De la place, Arago, Bouvard, Humboldt, and
PoissoN, a residence of fifteen months has placed me under
obligations of no common order : they were received with
pride, and are remembered with gratitude.
The Society have now before them, with few exceptions,
a re-examination of all the identified double and triple stars
described by Sir W. Herschel in the Philosophical Transac-
tions ; with the sentiments therefore of the illustrious author
of the Mecanique Celeste I will conclude — " Had the labours
of Sir W. Herschel been confined to this department of astro-
nomy, the discoveries he has made in it would have alone
conferred upon him an imperishable name."
JAMES SOUTH.
Passy ; Rue Franklin, No. \g,
Oct. 22, 1825.
Mr.SouTH's observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCLXXXI. R. A. o^ o"" ; Decl. 45° 23' N.
51 (Bode) Andromedse; Struve, 1 ; II. 83.
Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; October 19, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
]^^ = f'.;ty 1 5' ot I SI: z (-.li } E— ^ "«»'-
Night favourable.
Passy; November 16, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
j 8':: 'Eil:^?'.;78}E«remely difficult.
Position r: 3° 49' nf
Distance = 4".37i
Passy ; September 27, 1 825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 4®32'«/'| 5 Obs.
Distance r= 5".oii j 5 Obs.
DifF. = 1° 40' \ Extremely difficult.
DifF. = o".3i2 5 (South.)
Position = 5° 45' »/| 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 35' ) Excessively difficult.
Distance = s'^oS/ | 5 Obs. | DiflF. =: o".649 ) (Capt. Beaufort.)
Passy; September 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and nth magnitudes.
Position = 5O47' nf\ 5 Obs. I DifF. = 2** 15' ) „ • 1 j-o: i-
Distance = ^'.U? \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".4oS J Excessively difficult
• Mean Result.
Position 4° 39* nf ( 25 Obs. ) ; Distance 5" -009 ( 25 Obs. )
Epoch 1825.29.
There is no evidence of any change in the relative situa-
tion of these stars. Sir W. Herschel's observations give
5° 48' nf for the position, Feb. 26, 1783, and 6° 44' nf on
Sept. 1, 1802; neither differing more than 205' from the
present position. The distance also remains unaltered. (H.)
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars y &c, 7
No. CCCLXXXIL R. A. o** 5- ; Decl. 61** 49' N.
Struve, 3 ; 1789 ; 214.
Double ; 8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Passy; October 21, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 85° 37' sf\ 5 Obs. ( DifF. r= i«'44' 7
Distance = i8".i 1 2 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".i30 j
Passy; November 16,1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 86° 4' «/ I 5 Obs. I DifF. = o<» 56' )
Distance = 1 8".263 | 5 Ottfe. | DifF. = o".72i ) '
Mean Result.
Position 85° 50' sf\ Distance 18". 187 ; Epoch 1824.83.
No. CCCLXXXIII. R. A. o^g'-, Decl. 15^ 32' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy; September 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 40° 58' sp I c Obs. I DifF.= i° 42' ) t7__ •„„, .-a- ,,
Distance = ?2".io9 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".6oi ] Excessively difficult.
The small star scarcely bears any illumination.
Passy; October 12, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 11 th magnitudes.
S!iSc" ^ ?f°j;; ''\\ O^L I Eiff! ^ ^.ir. } excessively difficuU.
Observed on the meridian with 157. Night fine.
Mean Result.
Position 39^ 4!4} sp; (lo Obs.) ; Distance i2".ioo (lo Obs.)
Epoch 1825.74.
8 Mr, South* s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCLXXXIV. R. A. o** lo™ ; Decl. 37° 20' N.
Struve, 6; V. 85.
Double; 7th and 12th, or 15th magnitudes.
Passy; October 19, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
position = 76° 36' «/ 5 Obs. I DiiF. = o* 35' > Excessively difficult
Distance = 46".o8o 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".2z6 5 excessively aimcuit.
Night very fine; but the small star will scarcely bear the least illumination.
Passy; November 25, 18*24; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 77*> 3' n/| 5 Obs. | Diff. = 0° 55' Excessively difficult.
All attempts to obtain measures of distance unsuccessful.
Passy; December 10, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7 th and 12th, or 15 th magnitudes.
Position = 76' 45' nf I 5 Obs. I Diffi = 0° 45' 1 E„-essivelv difficult
Distance = 44".943 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".86s / Excessively ditticult.
Passy ; January 6, 1 825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 12th, or 15th magnitudes.
Distance = 46*.520 | 3 Obs. j DifF. = i".iS4 Excessively difficult.
Mean Result
Position 76^ 48' «/(i5 0bs.); Epoch 1824.90;
Distance 45".744 (iS Obs.); Epoch 1824.92.
The position Jan. 16, 1783, was 79° 24' nf, and according
to a single measure taken by Sir W. H. Aug. 19, 1783,
the distance was then 31". The difference of 2° 36' in angle
affords no proof of change ; but 15" in a distance of 46", or
a third of the whole, is too great to be owing to error
of observation, even when the diflficulty of the star is
considered. (H.)
distances and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars y ^c. 9
No. CCCLXXXV. R. A. o^ 16" ; Decl. 31^ 31' N.
Nova;
Double; 10th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; September 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
• Position = 81^^49' */| S Obs. I Diff.= 1O8' 7 Excessively difficult.
Distance = 5 .116 | 5 Obs. | DilF. z= o .745 j '
Observations to be received with caution.
Passy ; October 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 1 1th magnitudes.
Position = 80" zi' sf\ 5 Obs. . Diff. = f 19' 7 5^^ „
Distance z= 6".o35 I 5 Obs. | Diff. = d'.giz ] ^o^^h.
Position = 82° c' «/ 1 5 Obs. Diff. = 1" 5' 7 ^ , „
Distance = s".756 | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".986 j ^^P*' ^^^^'°*'^-
Measures deemed excessively difficult by both Observers.
Mean Result.
Position 81* 25' sf\ (15 Obs.) ; Distance ^\6s6 (15 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.74.
No. CCCLXXXVI. R. A. o^ 23"^ ; Decl. 27° 32' N.
Nova;
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Passy; December 29, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 74° 47' nf | 5 Obs.
Distance = 42".228 | 5 Obs.
Diff. = 1° 28' 7 ^.^ .
Diff.=o".986j^^^"^*-
Night fine, but neither star bears a good illumination.
Passy ; January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of the 10th magnitude.
Position =740 22' sp or Ji/I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 25' 7 xT.^A\«i...u
Distance = 42''.335 I 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".85 1 \ ^^^ ^^®<^"^*-
Night favourable, but both stars very faint.
Mean Result.
Position -j/^ 34' sp or nf\ Distance 42".28i ; Epoch 1825.00.
MDCCCXXVI. c
lo Mr. South* s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCLXXXVII. R. A. o^ 26™ ; Decl. 17° 6^ N.
Struve, 8 ; Hist. Csel. 478.
Double ; equal ; each of the 10th or 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; October 19, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5 Obs. I Diff. = i".587 \ Extremely difficult.
Position =37** 45' sp or nf
Distance s=:42".7 86
Night very fine.
Passy; November 16, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
11th and 11 J magnitudes.
Position =38° 18' 50 I 5 Obs. Diff.=o°46'7n •,.•«- 1
Distance=42".23S | 5 Obs. Diff. = i"9l 3 J Excessively difficult.
Stars steady j Evening favourable.
Mean Result.
Position 38° 1' sp or nf; Distance 42".5io ; Epoch 1824.83.
CCCLXXXVIII. R. A. o** 27"* ; Decl. 29° 1' N.
Struve, 9 ; Hist. Csel. 307.
Double; 9th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy; October 23, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =50" 27' nf\ 5 Obs. I Diff.=6° 18' 7 ^ ,, • ,.
Distance=7".988 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".2Soi^^ *^^ meridian.
The measures are so excessively difficult, that I have but little confidence in the
results.
North preceding, in the field with this, is a faint double star of the 4th or 5 th
class ; but it is not measurable with this instrument.
Passy ; November 16, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 11th magnitudes.
Position =57° 32' nf\ 5 Obs. I DifF.=2*' 7' ) ^^ ,, ...
Distance=7''.o4o ^ \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = i'.322 \ ^^ *^^ ra^n^^^n.
Measures of such difficulty, that I consider them little else than approximations ;
the small star will not bear the slightest illumination j would be a proper object
for Mr. Herschel's 20-feet Reflector.
and positions of 4)6^ double and triple stars, &c, ii
No. CCCLXXXVIII. continued.
Passy ; December 23, 1824 ; Sevea-feet Equatorial.
9th and 12th magnitudes.
Position =55° 4' nf
Distance =6".o69
5 ^k'- I n-ff "^" ^^' T Excessively difficult.
5 Obs. I Difr. = o .553/ ^
The small star scarcely bears any illumination ; night at present favourable.
Mean Result.
(The observations of October 23 being rejected)
Position 56° 18' nf; Distance 6".554 ; Epoch 1824.88.
No. CCCLXXXIX. R. A. o** 38'" ; Decl. 50° sf N.
78 (Bode) Cassiopeiae; Struve, 14; I. 40.
Double ; 8-^ and 9th magnitudes ; the small star does not
bear a good illumination.
Passy ; October 23, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =55« 38' sf\ 5 Obs. I Diff.=:2° 30' 1 ,, ..n: ,,
Distance=3^os3 | 5 Obs. | Diff.=o".6o, | ^^^^ difficult.
Passy; November 16, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8^ and 9th magnitudes.
Position =57° 7' sf\ 5 Obs. I Diff. = 3° 50' 7 ^ ^ 1 j-n: 1..
Distance=i(236 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = I".io6 j^^*^^""^^^ ^**="^*-
Passy; September 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8 J and 10th magnitudes.
Position =59° 59'*/ 1 5 Ohs. I Diff.=:i» 7' ? ^ ^ , ,.a: ,.
Distance=/.4i8 | 5 Obs. | Diff.=o".;8i j Extremely difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 57° 35' sf {^ Obs.) ; Distance 2." 569 (15 Obs. ) ;
Epoch 1825.14.
Sir W. Herschel's position May 4, 1783, was 50® 30' sf.
His distance J of a diameter, corresponding to about 2" 0/ 2"^.
A slow change of position (+ 0^.170 per annum, direct or in
the direction nfsp) is rendered the more probable in this
star, as the earlier observation is marked " very exact." (H.)
12 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCXC. R. A. d^ 49™ ; Decl. i6« 38' S. _
Struve, 17; Hist. Cagl. 249.
Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes ; both bluish, and do not
bear a good illumination.
Passy ; November 25, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =58° 6' *o I 5 Obs. I DiiF. = 3° 2' 7 ,. ,.^ ,,
Distance=7".749 | 5 Obs. | DifF.=o".505 l^ery difficult.
Night unfavourable J and during the observations of position, very bad.
The weather being much improved, the instrument was again placed upon this
star, and the following measures were obtained, the star being half an hour west of
the meridian :
Position=56° 2' sp\6 Obs. j DifF. = l° 53'. Difficult.
Passy ; November 29, 1824 ; Seven -feet Equatorial,
9th and 1 0th magnitudes.
Position =57° 2/ sp 5 Obs. I Diff. = 20 . .
Distance=7 .814 5 Obs. | Dm.=o .841 j ■'
The evening is now become so bad, that the observations are discontinued.
Mean Result.
Position 57° i sp{i60hs.)\ Distance 7."78i ; Epoch 1824.90.
No. CCCXCI. R. A. 0^ 50" ; Decl. o° ii' S.
Struve, 19 ; P. O. 251.
Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; October 25, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
c Obs. Diff. = i°48' ) p ^ , ,._ ,
5 Obs. DifF. = i".8o3 \ Extremely difficult.
Night unfavourable.
Passy ; November 3, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =24° 43' np
Distances: 19". 266
Position =27** ^ np \ ^ Obs.
Distance = 1 8".8 88 | 5 Obs.
^^.z'Z^\''''y^<^'^^'■
The small star is blue, and does not bear a good illumination.
and positions of 4;58 double and triple stars, &c. 13
No. CCCXCI. continued.
Passy ; October 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =27«» 34' no I 5 Obs. I DifF. = i° 22' ) „ - , j.^-^ ,^
Distance = i8".so4 ^ \ 5 Obs. | DiflF.=o".48i \ Excessively difficult.
Night foggy ; the small star at times very faint.
Mean Result.
Position 26° 27' np (15 Obs) ; Distance iS".S66 (15 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.17,
No. CCCXCII. R. A. o^ 56"^ ; Decl. 6" 25' S.
Struve, 21 ; III. 73.
Double ; 10th and 12th, or 15th magnitudes.
Passy ; October 30, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =840 22*/ c Obs. DifF. = 3» c' }„ • , j-n: i
Distance=i5'.S5i 3 Obs. DifF. = I".322 J ^^^"^'^^^^ ^^<^"lf-
Observations liable to some inaccuracy ; neither star bears sufficient illumination j
night tolerably fine.
Passy ; November 9, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =80° 7' sf\ 5 Obs.
Distances: i3".325 | 5 Obs.
10th and 15 th magnitudes.
DifF. = 2° 10' J 20 minutes east of
DifF. =o".962 ) the meridian.
These measures were procured with such extreme difficulty, that I fear they de-
serve but little confidence ; the night is rather hazy, and neither of the stars will
bear the least illumination.
Passy ; December 6, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 1.5th magmtudes.
Distances I2".834 | 5 Obs. [ Difi^. = i".467. Excessively difficult.
The smaller star is now so extremely obscure, that no observations of position can
be gotten.
14 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCXCII. continued.
Passy ; December 23, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
loth and 12th magnitudes.
Position =83° 37' sf\ 5 Obs. I DifF.=oO 56' ) tj^4...-«,«i„ ^;fl;.„u
Distance=i2".72+ | 5 Obs. | DiflF. = i".298} Extremely difficult.
Night fine, but the stars will not admit of sufficient illumination.
Mean Result,
Position 82» 42' sf (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.89 ;
Distance i2".89s.(i8 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.90.
The position and distance of 1783 are 89° 12' sp. (Jan. 31),
and 14,".82 (Aug. 21). A diminution of distance of 2" in so
difficult a star is not very material ; but a change of 8° 6' in
the angle, accompanied by an alteration of the quadrant
from sp to sf argues a sensible motion in one or both of
these stars. (H.)
No. CCCXCIII. R. A. o^ ^6^ ; Decl. 31° 13' N.
&" Piscium ; Struve, 23 ; V. 16.
Double; 6th and 15th magnitudes.
Passy ; December 7, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =2 1** %' ±np\ 2 Obs. | Diff.=o«>45' Excessively difficult.
Distance about one minute and a half by estimation.
The small star bears no illumination, and the position here given may be one or
two degrees in error.
The position in Nov. 1781 was stated at 15° 28' ; but no
reliance can be placed on this measure, and the evidence of
change is open to great suspicion ; indeed there may be some
doubts as to the identity of the star. (H.)
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, &c. 15
No. CCCXCIV. R. A. o^ 58™ ; Decl. sT 41' S.
160 (Bode) Ceti ; Struve, 28 ; EQst, Gael. 392.
Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; October 25, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =580 28' np 1 c Obs. I DiflF.=:6° 35' ) t? 4^ 1 j-a: 1*
Distance=;".i59 ^ | 5 Obs. | DiflF.=o".336l E^^^emely difficult.
Night unfavourable,
Passy ; November 3, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =5 6<» ii' np c Obs. I DiiF. =40*48' \ j. ^ 1 j-a: i.
Distance=4".i30 5 Obs. | Diff.=o".72i J Extremely difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 57° 19' np ; Distance 4".i44 ; Epoch 1824.82.
No. CCCXCV. R. A. !•» 3"^ ; Decl. 31° i N.
Struve, 30; IV. 120.
Double; 8th and 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; October 23, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =21° 37' sp I c Obs. I Diff.=o° 35' ) « ^u j-m 1^
Distance=i8".888 ^ | 5 Obs. | Diff.=o".8J7l ^^*'' ^^^""^*-
Passy ; November 9, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position =21° 50' «p
Distance = 1 9".735
c Obs. I DifF. = 2<> 53' } T^-n: i*
SObs. |DifF.=o".72il^^^^^*-
Night unfavourable.
Passy ; December 6, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Distance = 1 9".495 | 5 Obs. { DifF. = 0^.673. Rather difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 21° 43' s p ; Distance 19 '-373 (15 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1824.86.
This star is unchanged; the measures of 1783 diflfering
from the present only 43' in position, and — i"in distance. (H.)
i6 Mr, South's observations of the apparent distances .
No. CCCXCVI. R. A. 1^ 5" ; Decl. S** 33' S.
Struve, 33 ; IV. 77.
Double ; 8th and 15th magnitudes.
Passy ; October 30, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =670 s'np | 3 Obs. | DifF.=40 30') e„,_„:„_i„ difficult.
Distance = 1 9". 1 63 ± single observation ] iixcessiveiy aimcuit.
In these results I have but very little confidence ; night tolerably good.
Passy ; October 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 15th magnitudes.
Position S67" 53' n p c Obs. I DifF. = 20 ic' ) „ . , ,.«- ,^
Distance=2o".o36 5 Obs. | Diff.=o".72i J E^'^sss.vely difficult.
Observed on the meridian with 92; with 181 and 157 the small star could not be
distinguished. Night favourable.
Mean Result.
Position 67° 34' np (8 Obs.) ; Distance I9".89i (6 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.30.
The measures of 1783 are 63° 24' np and 19 or 20" ; nei-
ther giving ground to suppose a material change. (H.)
No. CCCXCVII. R. A. 1^ 9" ; Decl. 63" 4S' N.
119 (Bode) Cassiopeiae; Struve, 36.
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes.
Passy; October 23, 1824 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
Position =83** 32' «j)
5 Obs. I DifF. = 2°29' \
Distances: 5 o".440 5 Obs. | DiflF. = i".oio5
Passy ; November 15, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8tn and 9th magnitudes.
Position =82«> \\* np
Distance =:5o".275
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF.=o°27' )
DiflF.=o".6495
Mean Result.
Position 82° 53' np ; Distance 5o".357 ; Epoch 1824.84.
and positions of 4f5S double and triple stars y &c. 17
No. CCCXCVIII. R. A. 1^ 19" ; Decl. 7' s' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 7th and 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; December 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
F.=oo S7' I . .
F. = i".oio5
Position =7° 54' sf\ 5 Obs.
Distance=i' 9". 500 \ 5 Obs.
DifF.=<
DifF.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =8° 41' sf
Distance =1' io".oo5
5 Obs. I DifF. =0® 26' )
•iff. = 1 ''.202 5
S Obs. I Diff.
Observed when 1^ 50' west of the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 8" 17' sf; Distance 1' 9".752 ; Epoch 1825.00.
No. CCCXCIX. R. A. i*" 33" ; Decl. i2« 12' S.
X* Ceti ; Struve, 43 ; Hist. Gael. 244.
Double ; large, white ; small, blue ; 8th and 8^ magnitudes ;
the small star does not bear a good illumination.
Blackman-street, December 12, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position =0° 6' sf 6 Obs. 1 DifF. = 2° o' ^ Extremely unsteady
Distance = 3".95i 5 Obs. j DifF. = 1". 010 5 ^ ^'
Observed on the meridian ; but night unfavourable.
Blackman-street ; December 30, 1823 : Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position =0° 15' nf
Distance =4".436
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF.=o° 10' )
DifF.=o".553 5
Mean Result.
Position 0° 4' nf; Distance 4".i93 ; Epoch 1823.97.
MDCCCXXVI. d
18 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CeCC. R. A. 1^ sr ; DecL f 59' S.
Struve, 44 ; Hist. Gael. 247.
Double ; 7th and 7^ magnitudes.
Passy ; November 15, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =74° 41' sp
Distances: 36".749
DifF. = i°4i'
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Observed when 15 minutes west of the meridian.
F. = i°4i' )
DifF.=o".8i7|
Passy; November 16, 1824: Seven-feet Equatorial.
71 and 8th magnitudes.
Position =75» z^,' sp 5 Obs. DifF. = i° 25' )
Distance = ^o'.^^z
DifF.=o".697 5
5 Obs.
Mean Result.
Position 75° 2' sp ; Distance 36".645 ; Epoch 1824.87.
No. CCCCI. R. A. 1^ 40" ; Decl. 21° 23' N.
304 (Bode) Piscium ; Struve, 45 ; I. 73-
Double ; large, white ; small, blue ; 8th and 10th magnitudes.
Blackman-street, December 13, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =82° 15 */l 5 Obs. I DifF.=3'> 4°' \ Very difficult
Distance=3".4i2 | 5 Obs. | Diff.=:o".6oi ] ^^^^ <"nicuit.
Blackman-street ; December 31, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =82° 38^/1 5 Obs. I Diff.=20 35') Extremely difficult
Distance=3".344 I 5 Obs. | DifF.=o".432 5 ^^^remeiy aimcuit.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Mean Result.
Position 82® 26' sf; Distance s".S78 ; Epoch 1823.98.
On Dec. 23, 1782 (1782-98) the position was 77° 24' 5/,
being a change of + 5° 2' in 41 years or + o°.i23 per
annum. Future observations must decide on the reality of
this motion. The distance seems to have undergone no
alteration. (H.)
and positions of 458 double and triple stars, &c. 19
No. CCCCII. R. A. i»» 42" : Decl. 36** 26' N.
241 (Bode) Andromedae ; Struve, 46 ; I. 89.
Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes ; large, white ; small, blue,
and bears only a very slight illumination.
Blackman-street ; December 13, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =71° 8' */ s Obs. I Diff. = i° 13' ) Extremely difficult.
Distance =4".243 5 Obs. | Diff.=o".72i J '^'^^"^^"^^^^ °^™^"^^*
Blackman-street ; December 31, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =71° 36' sf\ 5 Obs. I Diff. = io 55' > r- • t j-/n 1.
Distance=;".652 "^ | 5 Obs. I Diff.=o".l8il ^^^""^^^^ ^^®^"1^-
The small star is blue, and scarcely bears any illumination.
Passy; January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =72° 3' «/" 10 Obs. I Diff.^i** ^o' } ^ ^ , j-a: 1.
Distance=3".878 "^ 5 Obs. | DifF.=o".48i ] Extremely difficult.
Night very fine, but the small star bears only a very feeble illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 71° 42' 5/(20 Obs.) ; Distance 4''.258 (15 Obs.);
Epoch 1824.98.
The observations of Sir W. Herschel in 1783 and 1802
give respectively 75® 30' sf and 67° 4/ sf for the positions of
this star. The present position is almost exactly a mean of
these, which renders it extremely probable that the star is
subject to no material change. ( H. )
20 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCIII. . R. A. 1^ 45" ; Decl. 27° 56' N.
Nova ;
Double; 8th and 10th maornitudes.
Passy ; September 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =750 50'*/ sObs. DifF. = 2°40' )g
Distance =5 .802 5 Obs.
DifF.=o".745^
Position =76° 8' */ I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 2°43' } r- . -o
Distance=5".96, | 5 Obs. | DifF.=o".529j ^^P*' ^=^"'«''^'^-
Measures extremely difficult.
Passy ; September 27, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 11th magnitudes.
DifF.=^6« 19') o
DifF.=o".769jSouTH.
Position =76° 23' «y I 5 Obs.
Distance := 5". 5 97 ( 5 Obs.
Position =750 1' sf
Distance =:5".333
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 8o c' ) ^ ^ c
Diff.=o".745i^*P*-^^^^^<'^^-
Measures excessively difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 75° 5^' sf (9.0 Obs.) ; Distance 5".673 (20 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.74.
No. CCCCIV. R. A. 1^^ 47°* ; Decl. 4o» 30' N.
Struve, 48 ; IV. 104.
Double; 8th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; November 15, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =22* 5S' »/ 1 5 Obs.
Distance=2o".628 | 5 Obs.
^mZtfn]^-^^^'-
Night fine, but the small star is very faint.
and positions of ^sS double and triple stars, &c. 21
No. CCCCIV. continued.
Passy ; November 16, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
DifF. = i".l5oJV^^d^^^^l*-
Position =22 16' n/j 5 Obs.
Distance =2o".5 5 3 j 5 Obs.
The small star is decidedly light blue ; scarcely visible without illumination, but
rendered much more distinct by a moderate one.
Mean Result.
Position 22° 35' nf; Distance 20^.590 ; Epoch 1824.87.
This star appears subject to no change of position, as the
angle of 1783 (22° 33' nj) differs only 2' from the present.
An excess of i".64 in the present over the earlier measure
of distance is not sufficient to authorize any positive con-
clusion. ( H. )
No. CCCCV. R. A. 1^ 53" ; Decl. 78° 50" N.
Struve, 52 ; 17S9, 223.
Double ; 7th and 7-j magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; December 9, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position =4° 15' n jo I 5 Obs. I DifF.=o* 47' )
Distance=55".370 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".si6 5 ••••••
Blackman-street ; December 30, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 71 magnitudes.
Position =4° 8' »;> I 5 Obs. I DifF.=o° 55')
Distances=55".237 | 5 Obs. J DiiF.=:o".962 5
Mean Result.
Position 4° 12' np ; Distance 55".303 ; Epoch 1823.97.
»a Mr, South's observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCVI. R. A. 1^ 59"^ ; Decl. 25° 5' N.
14 Arietis ; Struve, 56 ; VI. 69.
Double ; large, white ; small, blue ; 6th and 10th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; December 9, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 8° 7' «p I 5 Obs.
Distance=i' 45".349 J 5 Obs.
5S— '?,^' \ Difficult.
DlfF. = 2'.020 j
Stars very steady ; but the evening hazy.
Blackman-street ; December 30, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =7° 49 n;> I 5 Obs.
DiiF.=o° 32' )
Distances i'4s".i67 I 5 Obs. DifF.=o".S29) ......
Mean Result.
Position 7° 5^' np\ Distance 1. 45".258 ; Epoch 1823.97.
The position and distance of this star in 1783 are stated at
11° 19! np and 1' 29" 28'". The change of position is not
material ; but with respect to the increase of distance, it may
be remarked once for all, that there is great reason to suspect
a considerable instrumental error in all the measures of that
early period, exceeding 40", the result being constantly (or
most commonly) in defect, and that not unfrequently to a
very large amount. The cause probably lies in the con-
struction of the micrometer used ;* and its effect is to throw
a great uncertainty on the earlier distances of all stars of the
5th and 6th classes. Fortunately these are the least replete
with interest. (H.)
* It is certainly not from a wrong determination of its scale.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, &c. 23
No. CCCCVII. R. A. 2^ 0"^ ; Decl. 1° 18' S.
Struve, 57 ; Hist. Gael. 39^-
Triple ; A of the 8th ; B of the 9th ; and C of the 8th
magnitudes.
The star B is decidedly blue, and bears a tolerable illuminatioa.
Measures of AB.
Passy ; November 25, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =20" 2z' sp I 5 Obs. Diff.=:2° 2' 7
Distance= 5".oo8 | 5 Obs. Diff.=o".937 j
Passy ; December 7, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudeSi
Position =18° 41' «;> J 5 Obs. j DifF.=20 15' )
Distance=:4.".905 | 5 Obs. j DifF.=o".962 5 • • * • .
Measures of AC.
Passy; November 25, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8th magnitudes.
Position=i2'»5/n/>or5/| 5 Obs. Diff.=:o''29' 7
Distance=4'3".586 | 5 Obs. DifF.=o".673 j • • •
Passy ; December 7, 1824 ; Seven-^feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of the 8th magnitude.
Position = 12° 40' «;? or «/ 1 5 Obs. j DifF.=o°i5' \
Distance=4' 4".573 | 5 Obs. | Diff.= i'.oio j
Mean Result.
ofAB. Position ig** 31' 5 />; Distance 4^.956
of AC. 1 s** 48' np or sf 4' 4^.079
Epoch 1824.92.
24 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCVIII. R. A- 2^0^" ; Decl. 19° 28' N.
Struve, 58 ; III. 68.
Double ; 9th and i ith magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy; November 15, 1824; Seven- feet Equatorial.
Position =60° 25'*/ 5 Obs. DifF.= i° 29' ) ,. ,.„. ,^
Distance=8".633
5 Obs.
DifF.=:o".673 j
The small star bears but the slightest illumination.
Passy ;N ovembei 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 12th magnitudes.*
Position =57° 13' sf
Distances 9".27 1
5 Obs.
r).fr'_ II J > Extremely difficult.
5 Obs. DifF.=o".529 3
The accuracy of these results perhaps a little questionable ; the smaller star does
not admit of the least illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 58** 49' sf'. Distance 8^952 ; Epoch 1824.87.
In 1783 the measures of this star v^ere, Position 55° 42' 5/;
Distance 8" s'" ; so that no material change in it has taken
place. ( H.)
No. CCCCIX. R. A. ^^ 5°* ; Decl. 56° 41' N.
X Persei ; Struve, 6s ; VI. 19.
Double; 7th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; December 8, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =47° 33'«/l 3 Obs. j DifF.=:4'' 20' Excessively difficult.
The small star will bear no illumination ; measures of distance cannot be procured ;
night not very favourable.
and positions of 4f5S double and triple stars y &c, »&
No. CCCCIX continued.
Passy; December 18, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 12th magnitudes.
The small star will bear but<the slightest illumination.
Passy; January 6, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
VJ.
7 th and 12th magnitudes.
Position =46*' 17' sf 5 Obs
Distance=2' 4".363
5 Obs.
Mean Result.
Position 46° 30' sf; (13 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.97 ;
Distance, a' 4/' -533 ; Epoch 1824-99.
No measures of this star are given by Sir W. Herschel. (H.)
No. CCCCX. R. A. 2* 7" ; Decl. 39° 27' N.
Struve, 68 ; Hist. Casl. 140.
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; December 9, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position :=
Distance
=20®co'np I c Obs. I DifF.= i°C9'') r • ^ u .. . j
= ii".379 ^ I 5 Obs. I Dlff.=o"632l Famt,but very steady.
Blackman-street ; December 30, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position =21° 2' np \ ^ Obs.
Distancez=io".822 | 5 Obs.
DifF.= i°o' )
DifF.=o".sos 5
Mean Result.
Position 20° 56" np; Distance ii^ioo; Epoch 1823.97.
No. CCCCXI. R. A. 2»» 14"^ ; Decl. 66^ 35' N. .
I Cassiopeise; Struve, 71; I. 34 ; and III. 4.
Measures of AC.
Blackman-street; December 9, 1823; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = yO ,3' ./] 5 Obs. I Diff=:20 35' ? Extremely difficult.
Distances 7 .059 | 5 Obs. | Diff.= i'.263 ) •'
Small star is decidedly blue, and bears only an indifferent illumination ; the
large star maybe suspected close double with 137; with 303 is seen as such;
owmg however to the unsteadiness of the stars, no measures of the close pair can
be obtained.
MDCCCXXVI. e
26 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCXI. continued.
Measures of A C.
Blackman-street ; January 31, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 1 6° 2'*/ c Obs. I DifF.= i° 8' i„ • i j-o: i*
Distance=8".96i "^ 5 Obs. | Diff.= i"M3 } Excessively difficult.
Five-feet Equatorial.
Distance=8".262 | 5 Obs. | Diff.=o".962. Excessively difficult.
Position = 1 8" 3 5' «/
Position =18° 3 3' 5/
Distance=7".867
6 Obs.
6 Obs.
5 Obs.
Passy ; January 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5 th and 10th magnitudes.
DifF.z=3° 30 Excessively difficult,5/f
DifF!=i".505 5 Extremely difficult.
The first set of observations of position taken this evening were obtained with
179 ; it being however insufficient to separate distinctly the two stars A and B, the
subsequent measures were procured with 273 ; the star C bears a very tolerable
illumination ; but the night having become unfavourable* no measures of AB can
be gotten.
Passy ; October 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = i7°i9'«/I 5 Obs. I DifF.= 2°5' }^ ■ ^ a-m u
Distance=7''-393 I 5 Obs. | DifF.=o"962 } Excessively difficult.
Observed with 181. The close star B is distinctly seen, but no measures of it can
be obtained, in consequence of extreme unsteadiness of the stars.
Mean Result.
Position 16** 52' sf; (27 Obs.) Distance 7".909 (25 Obs.)
Epoch 1824.71.
The position of the distant star C was stated in 1782 at
10** 37' sf, and in 1804 at i8' 57' sf. It is to be presumed
that some mistake had been committed in the earlier mea-
sure. (H.)
and positions 0/4.58 double and triple stars ^ &c, S7-
No. CCCCXII. R. A. 2»» 17" ; Decl. 16** 8' S.
378 (Bode) Ceti ; Struve, 72 ; III. 80.
Double; 8th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; November 21, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Positions 22° 40' «/>. + Single measure.
Excessively difficult. Night tolerably fine j but the star is not measurable.
Passy ; November 25, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Position=22° 28' np. ^f; Single measure.
Night unfavourable ; no more observations can be gotten.
Passy ; December 10, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12t.h magnitudes.
Dsition =22° 20' np 5 Obs. I ^^-^^S^ if J Excessively difficult.
istances=i2 .219 5 Obs. | Diff. =0.8895 '
The small star becomes invisible under the slightest illumination.
Passy : December 23, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 12th magnitudes.
Distances 11'. 190 | 5 Obs. | Diff. =: o".36o. Excessively difficult.
The small star, which is blue, will not bear the least illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 22" 24' «/> (7 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.92 ;
Distance ii".704 (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.96.
The measures of 1783 are Pos. 22° 24' np ; Dist. = 1 i".s.
The position not differing at all, and the distance only 4-tenths
of a second from their present values,— a remarkable coin-
cidence. (H.)
^ Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. ccecxiii. r: a. 2^ 22™ ; um. d» 19' n.
Struve, 74 ; Hist. Gael. 48.
Double ; 7i- and 8th magnitudes.
Blackraan-street ; December 12, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position =530 14' .;, I 5 Obs. I Diff. = i° 5' \ Night unfavourable.
Distance =14". 347 | 5 Obs. | DifF.=si".i05 > «
Blackman-street ; December 30, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =:53» 32' sp \ 5 Obs. I Diff.=o* 38' |
Distance=i4".3i8 | 5 Obs. | Diff.=o".48i3
8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Mean Result.
Position 5S<> ^s' sp\ Distance 14". 332 ; Epoch 1823.97.
No. GGCCXIV. R. A. ^^ 22™ ; Deel. 17° 37' N.
Nova ;
Double ; ibth Mtid 11th nl^gnitudes.
Passy ; October 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =89° ii'n/l 5 Obs. I Diff. = 2°4o' ) Excessively difficult.
Distance =8".446 \ 5 Obs. | DifF.=o".793 5 '
Observed when on the meridian with 157; with 181 the Stars were scarcely
visible when the field was unilluminated. Night foggy.
From this night till the 22nd of this month, when the observatory at this place
wSs dismantled, I was prevented by a succession of bad weather from obtaining a
second series of observations of this star.
and positions of 458 doubh mi triple st^rs^.^Ciyy 2^^
No. CCCCXV. R. A. 9* 51*" ; Decl. i8» 5' N.
Triple ^ A 9th, B 9i,^i4 gpf fj^e 1^ c^ i^th^jnagnit^^
Passy ; October li, Wi^ ; Sevea-fe^t Equatorial.
Measures of A B.<\* '^c yi- nohiBoH
fry. '; r =::'r>(ii,l
These stars bear but a very i|idiff(^rent illumination.
Measures of AC
Same date and Instrument.
fry. ; r =r:'r>(ii,lxiCi
Position =:28<» 48' s/ 5 Qbs.
Distance =2".875 f 5 Obs.
Position =31° 29* 5/>
Distances I' 6".256
2 Obs. I Diff.=o° S2M _. . , ,.^ .
2 Obs. I Diff.=o".24o5 Excessively difficult.
The star C is so extremely indistinct, that the results must be regarded as mere
approximations.
From this date till the 22nd of October, when the observatory was taken down,
I could not obtain ^ny observations of this star. iitf<iO^ ^3 A lo
OAlo
No. CCCCXVI. R. A. 9> 31™ ; Decl. $9'" 3i'N.
Struve, 78 ; IV. 64.
Triple; A of the 8th, B of the ,^th, .^n^ .fi pf | Jiie ^^U
magnitudes. ' , ^^^
Measures of A B.
B lack man-street ; December 20, 1823 ; Five-feet jl^u^tori^l.
Position =6i* i' sp | 5 Obs. I DifF. = i*' 24' )
Distance=22".534 '5 Obs. | DiiF.=o".885 \
Measures of jAC.iucjt i>;j'.
Same date and^Instmmenfi"^
j^^J-osition =5^056',;, 3 Obs. Diff.=o«j^',|3(;£^ cj
Distance =4. 26 .630 3 Obs. Diff.=o".4ii) -v «• » •
', t • . C being to the south of A.'^ '^ K/' ^
so Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCXVI. continued.
Measures of A B.
4^3hfitTrrQnr:r rftn i J-
Blackman-street ; December 30, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
.siiiiaȣifi; 9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =59® 58' sp
Distance=23".233
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = 2°2o' ) ,, ..- ,^
The small star bears only a very feeble illumination.
Measures of A C.
Same date and Instrument.
9th and 5th magnitudes.
Position =53" 51' «;» J 3 Obs. Diff.=o° 42' \
-> ''^ Distancer=/25".454 I 3 Obs. DiiF.=:o".6oi j '
The star C being to the south of the star A,
, j ^ , Mean Result.
of AB. Position 60° so' sp ; Distance 22".883
of A C- Position ss^ 53' sp ; Distance 4' 26".04a
Epoch 1823.99.
1783, March 8. Position of A B $1° Bl' sp ; Distance 22".o,
giving no reason to suspect any sensible change in this star
(H.)
No. CCCCXVII. R. A. 2«^ 32™ ; Decl. 66'' 45' N.
Struve, 80; Hist, Cael. 371.
Double ; 93- and 10th magnitudes ; the small star bears but
the most feeble illumination.
Passy ; December 18, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
Position e=5*' i}8' «^
Distances: 1 6".5 85 5 Obs
5 Obs.
Slff:;°'.^l'z}verydi<Bc«H.
and positions of 4f5^ double and triple stars , &c, 31
No. CCCCXVII. continued.
Passy ; January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal, each of 9| magnitude.
, Position =50 53' np or sfU Obs. [ Diff.^s; 3' \ Extremely difficult.
Distances 1 6 .49Z | 5 Obs. | Diff.=so".6oi) '
Mean Result.
Position ^ 50' np ; Distance i6".538 ; ifepoch 1S24.99.
No. CCCCXVIII. R. A. 2»» 34-" ; Decl. 28° 41' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 9- magnitudes.
Passy ; October 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial. ^
Position =25° CI no I c Obs. DiflF. = 2° 9' ) „ ^ , ..«. ,^
Distance=:2^.6o6 | 5 Obs. DifF.=o''.4o8 J Extremely difficult.
Observed when half an hour east of the meridian. Night foggy.
Passy ; October 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9^ and 10th magnitudes.! oxf^.''i =
Position =22" 43 np I 5 Obs. I DifF. = i«>3o' ) „ • 1 .•«• 1^
Distance=3".200 | s Obs. | Diff.^o-.ip*} Excessively difficult.
Observed on the meridian with 157. Night very hazy.
October 22nd. A succession of cloudy nights since the 16th has prevented me
getting another series of observations : the measures are difficult ; but the mean
will I apprehend not prove very remote from the truth.
Mean Result.
Position 24* il'np{io ObsJ; Distance 2".903 ; Epoch 1825.78.
Position =s20*> lo' np I lo Obs.
Distances I ".47 2 J 6 Obs.
$t . Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCXIX. R. A. ^ 46^ ; Decl. 52° 15' N.
"^5 (Bode) Persei ; Struve,'84 ; ^. 38.
Double ; 9^ and ic^H.magnitudes ; very close,
Passy ; January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position=22°28'no I 5 Obs. DifF.=:3°4o' ) - . , ,.«- ,,
Distaiitfe=i".i42 | 5 Obs. DiiF.=o".l64} ^^"^'^^^^ **^®^"^''
Night extremely favourable; but unfortunately a considerable part (perhaps
one-third) of the object-glass is rendered useless by the interference of the trans-
verse timber, which connects the eastfern alid tvestern sides ©f theobsefvatory.
Passy; January 17, 1825; Sev«Jn-feet Equatorial.
"^ 9th and ' 1 0th magnitudes.
Di£=o''.456} Excessively difficult.
Night very clear,fbut the stars unsteady.
-J^aeiljiy f , :«January 19, 1825 ; Sevenf»feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =2io 9' np\ 10 Obs. | Diff. = 2" 42' J Excessively difficult.
Distance=i .320 j .51 Obs.; IsDiitisio .601.) '
, ., Observed with 173 : night fine.
Mean Result,
sm Position 21'' 1' np (a^Obs.); Distance i'\s^i (i6.0bs.) ;
Epoch 1825:03.
The earlier measures of this star compared with the pre-
sent offer a discordance. In 1783 the position was stated at
^'^24' 7z'/> ; in 1804, by a mean of two measures agreeing
well, 20° 34' np. It is therefore probable that the first mea-
sure might be in error, which from the extreme closeness of
the stars might well happen. It should be re-examined some
years hence. (H.)
and positions of 458 double and triple stars y &c. ss
No. CCCCXX. R. A. 2^ 42™ ; Decl. 37° 36' N.
20 Persei ; Struve, 8^ ; III. 60.
Double ; 6th and 12th magnitudes ; small, blue, and very
.faint, but unquestionably becomes more distinct by slight
illumination.
Passy ; November 21, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
DifF; = J".2^98}^^'7^'^'="^**
Position =34" 2'' *p I 5 Obs.
Distance = 1 4".049 | 5 Obs.
Passy ; December 10, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 12th, or 15th magnitudes.
Position =33° 38' sp 5 Obs,
Distance = 1 3".7 24 | 5 Obs.
DifF.= i°48' I T, ^ 1 j-^ ,.
DifF.=o".962 5 Extremely difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 83° 50' 5^ ; Distance 13".886; Epoch 1824.91.
In 1783 the position v^as 30° 30' sp^ a measure which is
confirmed by an observation in a 20-feet sweep in the same
year, where it is stated at 30° sp. The distance i4".03.
There is therefore no evidence of material change in this
star. (H.)
No. CCCCXXI. R. A. Q^ 46™ ; Decl. 43° 47' N.
Struve, 86; Hist. Ca2l. lai.
Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes; small, blue.
Passy ; November 15, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =26" 41' np 1 z Obs. I Diff. = i'> 57' } ,, ,.^ .
Distance=28".i53 | J Obs. | DifF. = i".i78} ^^'^ difficult.
Night fine; but the small star bears only a very slight illuminatiou.
Passy ; November 16, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and llth magnitudes.
Position =26« 52' np f 5 Obs. I Diff. = 3'» 18' ) ^ ^ 1 j-n: 1
Distance=28".67o | 5 Obs. | DifF. = 2".7i7 J ^^^^^^^h difficult.
Mean Result. '^^'^^"^
Position 26° 46' np; Distance 28".4ii ; Epoch 1824.87.
MDCCCXXVI. f
34- Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCXXII. R. A. Q^ 48- ; Decl. 51° 38' N.
Struve, 87 ; P. II. 220 ; Hist. Gael. 43.
^f{ Double ; 6th and 6^ magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; December 12, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position =3<*4z' nf
Distance =13". 1 35
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF.=
DifF.
■.= o".3i6j
Blackman-street ; December 29, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8th magnitudes.
Position =5° 38' «/ 5 Obs. I DifF.= 2° 35' } ^j. , , ,
Distance=i2":786 5 Obs. 1 DifF.= o".7i5 J ^^g^t hazy.
Mean Result,
Position 4° 40' nf; Distance i2".96o ; Epoch 1823.97.
No. CCCCXXIII. R. A. 2^ 49" ; Decl. 25" 42' S.
41 (Bode) Appar. Chemic ; South' s Catalogue.
Double ; 8^ and 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; December 10, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =51° 2' sp c Obs. I DifF. = i° c' ) „ . ^ ^
Distance=27'.747 5 Obs. | DifF. = ©".553 J Satisfactory.
Night very favourable.
Passy; December 18, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 50" 42' *jj I 5 Obs.
Distance=27".76i ' | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".962 J
Piff-=»"' 3' I Rather difficult.
Night at present not favourable.
Mean Result.
Position 50** 52' sp ; Distance ^f.^B^ ; Epoch 1824.95.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars y ^c. 35
No. CCCCXXIV. R. A. 3^ 10™ ; Decl. 19° 8' N.
Struve,' 90 ; 11. 76.
.obrjlir'unfTT H
Double ; 8|- and 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; November 15, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =19** o' sp
Distance s=7 ,519
S Obs. I DifF. = 20 ,0' ^ j^.^,.
?Obs. |DifF. = o".865J^'^'^"^*•
Passy ; November 16, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
9th and 9j magnitudes.
Position = 18" 53 sp \ 5 Obs.
Distance = 6".554 | 5 Obs.
DifF. = z" 20'. Difficult.
DiiF. = o".76g. Very difficult.
Small star very obscure ; both have a bluish tint.
Passy ; February 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8J and 9th magnitudes.
Distance = f.^^Z \ S Obs. | DifF. = o".553. Satisfactory.
Set the micrometer to 29 parts, which with correction for Zero, are equal to the mea-
sure obtained on the i6th of November, and found it certainly too small.
Mean Result.
(The distance observed on November 16 being rejected)
Position 18° 56' sp ; Epoch 1824.87 ; Distance 7*'. 501 ;
Epoch 1834.98.
Measuresof 1782, Dec. 24; Position i5^^4f* sp; Distance
5". 80. These indicate a slight change in angle, and a pretty
sensible one ( — 1".7) in distance, considering the closeness of
the stars. (H.)
S6 Mr. South* s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCXX V. R. A. s^ 1 2°» ; Decl. 29° 1 1' N.
Nova ;
Double ; equal ; each of the 9th magnitude.
Passy ; October 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = i^r 18' sf or np 5 Obs. I Diff. = o; 53' > Extremely difficult.
Distance = 9 .844 5 O l.s. ( Difr. z=. o . 360 ) ■
Neither star bears a good illumination. Night foggy. Observed when 44 minutes
east of the meridian.
Passy; October 1(), 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal; each of the 11th magnitude.
Position =11° 19' np or sf\ 5 Obs. I DifF. = 3° 5' 1 -^ . , ,._ ,
Distance = io".846 ] ] Obs. | DifF. = d'.z^o] Excessively difficult.
With the common observing power of 1 8 1 the stars were not visible : the observa-
tions made on the meridian with 157. Night foggy.
October 22nd. The discordance between the two sets of distances is too consi-
derable ; between^the 1 6th and this day however, the star has not been visible. The
instruments are now dismounted.
Mean Result. '~ "' '^'^"^o'^'" ^^J* i^^
Position 12° 18' sf or np (10 Obs.) ; Distance 10^345
(10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.78.
No. CCCCXXVI. R. A. 3^ 18™ ; Decl. 19° 52' N.
Struve, 92 ; III. 77.
Double ; large, white ; small, blue ; 8th and 11th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; February 1, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial. v.
Position = 75^ o'sf\s Obs. Diff. = 2° .5' ) g^^^^^j ^^
Distance =: 8 .077 \ 5 Obs. Dift. = o .48 1 ) ^
Night unfavourable.
Passy; November 16, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 Ith magnitudes.
Position = 72" 32' sf\ 5 Obs.
Distances 7".7 3 7 J 5 Obs.
Diff! = o".529| Extremely difficult.
The small star is very obscure ; it is decidedly blue.
w^ positions of 458 double and triple stars y (^c, 37
No. CCCCXXVI. continued<x3330 .oVI
Passy ; January 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 71° 29' sf\ 4 Obs. | DifF. = i° 59'. Excessively difficult.
Night too unfavourable for measures of distance.
Passy; February 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 Ith magnitudes; a S o* van noilieoq Itii js^
Distance = 7".S79 \ S (3bs. | Dltf". = 6^.769. Extremely difficult.
■ ' «i-^^ Mean Result. ^^n^B-^nBarA'^^m
Position 73° 7' ^ j^i Epoch 1824.66(14 Obs.);
Distance 7".7C)8; Epoch 1824.68 (15 Obs.)
The measures of Jan. 19, 1783, give Position 73° 18' sf;
Distance 8".533 ; the former agreeing very exactly, and the
latter pretty well with the present determinations. (H.)
No. CCCCXXVII. R. A. 3*^ 21°^; Decl. 27° 6'N.
Struve, 94 ;
Double ; 7^ and 7^ magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; December 9, 1823; Five4ip^t £(^i)mt<Hial.
Position = 36° 39' sp 6 Obs. 1 DifF. =0° 58' )
Distance = 43".472 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".979 > * ^.l^^^^jf,^^^ y^
Blackman-street ; December 29, 1823 ; 3eyen-feet Equatorial.
Position — 370 35' sp
Distance r= 43".678
7tb and 7h maguitudea. 11=: noiiieo^
r = sDOBlziG
5 Obs. 1 DifF. = 0° 35^')
5 Obs. I DifF. = I ".05 8 5
Mean Result. y.y^ o^^ aoUv^oH
Position 37° l' sp; Distance 43".575 ; Epoch 1823.97.
$8 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCXXVIII. R. A. 3^ 21™ ; Decl. 26° 5/ N.
.(jijolfiup^'i Struve, 9s ; f««njil
Double; 6^ and 7th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; December 9, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position =.0° I' sp\^ Obs. 1 DifF. =0® 35' )
Distance = 1 1".663 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".io5 5
Set the position wire to Zero, and both stars remained bisected by it, during their
passage across the field.
Blackman-street ; December 29, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
, , 8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Position — 0° co' n» c Obs. DifF. =:i»o' 1 f^^„ . „ . . ^
Distance = 1 1-.685 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".i2oi Occasionally very faint.
Mean Result.
Position o** 24' «/ ; Distance ii".674; Epoch 1823.97,
No. CCCCXXIX. R. A. 3'' 2s» ; Decl. 22^ 45' N.
•^'^ \ Struve, 95; Hist. Csel. 31.
Double ; equal ; each of 7^ magnitude.
Blackman-street ; December 20, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 54" 40' nfov sp 5 Obs. I DiiF. zr 1° 35' )
Distances I' ii".75 1 5 Obs. j DifF. = i".oio> ......
Blackman-street ; December 30, 1823 ; Seven*feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of 8th magnitude.
Position =550 12' »/or s p\$ Obs. { DifF. = !<> 30' \
Distances: i' u".5 30 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".i3o5 ......
Mean Result.
Position ss'' 26' nf or sp ; Distance 1' 1 1".640 ;
Epoch 1823.98.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, &c\A S^
No. CCCCXXX. R. A. 3*^ 26- ; Decl. 44° 12' N.
Struve, 97 ; Hist. Gael. 121 ;
Double ; 7t and 8th magnitudes. oH
Blackman-street ; Dec. 20, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
-or
Position = 5" 11'*/
r.v ., Distance =: 4i".672
6 0bs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = 0° 40' 7 o .• r .
— w .y4/ J j,J ,jj ^iQij
Blackman-street ; December 29, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
b'j. 7h and 8th magnitudes. ^^^^^ ^.^-^^ ,
Position = 4° 8' sf
Distance = 41'. 3 50
5 Obs. I Diff. = i".o82. } • • '^»^"* •
Mean Result,
Position 4° 39' sf; Distance 4i".5ii ; Epoch 1823.98.
No. CCCCXXXI. R. A. 3' 28- ; Decl. o'* 3' N.
Struve, 99; HI. 45;
Double; large, white; small, blue; 7th and 12th magni-
tudes ; small star is very faint, but is rendered decidedly
more distinct by a slight illumination.
Blackman-street ; December 20, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial
Position = 46° 37' sp I 5 Obs. Diff. = 4° C7' ) „ , ,.^ ,
Distance = s".67S | 5 Obs. Diff. = 1". 1 36 j Extremely difficult.
Blackman-street ; January 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 42*> 48' *p I 5 Obs. I Diff. = o<> 40' ) , .^
Distance = f.g^g \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".034 5 Extremely difficult.
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial/ \
7th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 44® 40 sp. Single measure. Extremely difficult.
Night is suddenly become cloudy, not a star visible.
/
40 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
'N^. CCDGCXXXI. continued.
Mean Result.
Position 44° 42' sp ; Epoch 1824.38 ; Distance 5".8i2 ;
Epoch 1824.02.
The angle of 1781 (35" 33' sp), is declared in the MS. ob-
servation to be too small by 6** or S° ; and if we suppose the
mean (7°) to be the actual error, the corrected angle 42** 33'
agrees well enough with the present ; so that no change need
be presumed in this star. (H^)
No. CCCCXXXII. R. A. s"" 29'" ; Decl. 33° 32' N.
Struve, 100 ; II. 52 ;
A vei^ riefat double star • equal ; each 8^ magnitude.
: ?,.[ .Ill : (>P ^3.''n}>vr?.
Blackman -Street ; December 20, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 14° 6' np or «/| 5 Obs. DifF. = o<> 57' 7 t^;^-,,!.
Distance = 3".6i6 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".4ii j ^^^^""•
Night very fine. r .rr;
Blackman-strect ; December 29, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of the 9th magnitude.
Position r: 13* 22' sftknp \ '5 Ohs. Diff. = 0° 45' 7
Pistance = 3''.284 J 5 Obs. DifF. =: o".3i2 j .....
.'"ih.Mean Result.
Position 13° 44' sf or np ; Distance 3".4f5o ; Epoch 1823.98.
The position of 1783, 8° 24' np, is called a small angle. It
is doubtful therefore whether to ascribe the apparent motion
of + 5° 20', or + o°.i3o per annum to a real change in the
Stars, or to error of observation. (H.) ,
and positions 0/458 double and triple stars, &c. 41
No. CCCCXXXIII. R. A. 3^ 30"* ; Decl. 28^ 1 1' N.
Nova ; or 145.23 ;
Double ; 8th and 81- magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; November 25, 1824 : Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 64° 45' sp I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 2® 18' 7
Distance = 7". 196 I 5 Obs. | DifF. 1= o".769 3
Passy ; December 5, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Position =66° 2 i'«p c Obs. DifF. = 3° o' Kt- u^ • -. k-j
Distance rz/^aos 5 Obs. DifF. =; l".iS4 i ^^^^* '' ''"'y ^*^-
The evening being much more favourable, the following measures were procured.
Position = 64° z''sp 5 Obs. Diff. = 3" 4' \
Distance = 7".579 5 Obs. DifF. = o".4s6 (
Mean Result.
Position 65" 3' sp (15 Obs. ) ; Distance 7".S26 (15 Obs.);
Epoch 1824.91*
No. CCCCXXXIV. R. A. 3^ 32'" ; Decl. 37° 48' N.
Struve, 102 ; Hist. Gael. 122 ;
Double ; large, white ; small, blue ; 8th and 9th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; December 20, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position =: o° 56' nf 7 Obs. DifF. =;; 0° 58' ) <,. ,
Distance = 28<686 | 5 Obs. DifF. =z o".885 } ^'^eaay.
These measures may be a little suspicious, the night having become very hazy ;
the small star during the observations, was extremely faint.
Blackman-street ; January 27, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 10 49' n/ 1 5 Obs. I DifF. = i** 20' )
Distance= 28".2i3 I 6 0bs. I DifF. = i".i3o5
Mean Result.
Position 1° 33' nf; Distance 28".428 ; Epoch 1824.00.
MDCCCXXVI. g
4i Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCXXXV. R. A. 3^ 35"^ ; Decl. 40° 55' N.
Struve, 103 ; Hist. Csel. 137 ;
Double; 9th and 10th magnitudes ; bear but a very feeble
,^,; illumination.
Passy ; December 7, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 44° 28' nf
Distance = 9". 877
c Obs. Diff. = 1° 8' ) ^r j-a: 1.
S Obs. DifF. = i".i30 J ^^"y ^^®'^"^*-
Passy ; December 10^ 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 44° 7' «/| c Obs. I DifF. = 2« 35' ) ,, ^ , ,.« ,^
Distance = J^.858 "^ | 5 Obs. | DifF. =: orSg? l^^'^'^'^'^y ^^®^"^^-
Mean Result.
Position 44** 18' nf; Distance 9". 867; Epoch 1824.94.
No. CCCCXXXVI. R. A. 3^ 35" ; Decl. 56^ 3i' N.
Struve, 104 ; Hist. Gael. 371 ;
Double ; 7th and 8th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; December 20, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 15° 50' nf\ 5 Obs. | DifF. = 0° 41'. Night bad.
Observations of distance impracticable.
Blackman-street ; December 22, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 16° zi' nf
Distance = 58 '.357
c Obs. 1 DifF. =: 1° s' } ri ,. .^
5 Obs. I DifF. = i".568l Unsteady.
Blackman-street ; December 30, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th arid 8th magnitudes.
' Position = is°56'n/| 5 Obs. Diff- = 0° 3 2' ? Unsteady
Distance = 57"'OSS I 5 ^^s- DifF. = o".529 j '*
The distances do not accord so well as might be expected ; a circumstance which,
by the non-existence of other observations, appears to have been overlooked.
Mean Result.
Position 16° 2' wf(i5 Obs.) ; Epoch 1823.98 ;
Distance 57^.706 (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1823.99.
and positions of ^s^ double and triple stars y &c, 43
No. CCCCXXXVII. R. A. 3^ 36^; Decl. 23- 27' N.
Struve, 105 ;
'Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; December 27, 1823; Five- feet Equatorial.
Position = 29° 48' */ I 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = o° 3/ }
Distance = 34''.595 j 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".7695
Blackman-street ; January 2, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 29® 38' sf I 5 Obs. Diff. = i«» o' > )
Distance = 34".493 | 2 Obs. DifF. = o".793 j
No more measures can be obtained j not a star visible.
Mean Result.
Position 29° 43' sf; Distance :34".666 ; Epoch 1823.99.
No. CCCCXXXVIII. R. A. s^ 37" ; Decl. 23*' 32' N.
Alcyone ; Struve, 106.
Quadruple ; A 4th, B 6th, C 8th, and D of the 9th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Blackman-street ; December 27, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 18° 57' up I 6 Obs. DifF. = o° 31'
Distance = i' 56".7i8 | 6 Obs. DifF. = i".358
Rather difficult.
Just as these measures were begun, the night became suddenly hazy, so that
A seemed of the 6th, and B of the loth magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; December 31, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
4th and 6th magnitudes.
Position = 1 8° 28' np I 5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 14' | o,.- ru,^„„.
Distance - 1' 56".496 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".7695 ^atisractory.
Measures of B C.
Blackman-street ; December 27, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
6th and 8th magnitudes.
ition = 74" 10' np I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 23' )
tance= i' 25".36o | 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".29SS
Position
Distance
44 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCXXXVIII. continued.
Blackman-street ; December 31, 1823; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Distance = i' z^".^^^ \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".250. Very hazy.
The small star is extremely faint.
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 74° 7' np \ $ Obs. ] DifF. == o" 30'
; Measures of B D.
Blackman-street ; December 27, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
6th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = sr 49' np \ 5 Obs. ( Diff. = 1° n' \ R^^her difficult.
Distance r= 1' 14". 300 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = i'.S79i
Evening unfavourable ; small star extremely faint.
Blackman-street ; December 31, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th, or 11th magnitudes.
Position = 33"" S9'^P\S ^hs. Diff. =: 1° 15' 1 r^jn;...,.
Distance = 1' 15". 072 5 5 Obs. Diff. = o".84i 5 ^^n^cuit.
Night hazy ; small star will bear only a very feeble illumination.
Meaii Result.
of A B Position 18^ 42' np ; Distance 1' 56". 607 ;
Epoch 1824.00.
of BC. Position 74f°S'np; Epoch 1824.36; Distance i'25".640 ;
Epoch 1824.00.
of BD. Position 33° 54' np ; Distance 1' 14".686;
Epoch 1824.00.
and positions of ^^s^ double and triple stars y &c, 45
No. CCCCXXXIX. R. A. 3^ 38" ; Decl. lo** 35' N.
30 Tauri ; Struve, 107 ; III. 66.
Double ; 5th and 12th magnitudes ; small star, blue, and
very faint, but is rendered more distinct by a slight
illumination.
Passy ; December 22, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 31® 32' nf
Distance ^z 9".79i
7 0bs.
S Obs.
Diffl = o''.6o'i 1 Excessively difficult.
I have often in England, and frequently since my abode here, attempted to
observe this double star, but till now alway unsuccessfully. The sky is nearly ob-
scured by clouds, but the stars visible in the openings between the clouds are
remarkably brilliant ; they also pass through the field of the telescope extremely
steadily: yet the wind is tremendously high. NotA^ithstanding these favourable
circumstances the measures are attended with so much difficulty, that those of dis-
tance may perhaps be liable to an error of one, or even of two seconds.
Passy ; December 23, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and I2th magnitudes.
Position = 30° 57' nf
Distance z= 9"-944-
7 Obs. Diff. = 2° S' } ^ • 1 J-n; 1^
5 Obs. DifF. = o''.769 \ Excessively difficult.
The small star is blue, and is invisible without slight illumination ; night remark
ably favourable for difficult observations.
Mean Result.
Position 31° 14' w/(i4 Obs.); Distance 9".867 ;
Epoch 1824.98.
A measure in 1783, which gives the position 17** 15' nf,
can have no reliance placed on it, being contradicted by an
estimation which makes it 40** or 45° ; so that no conclusion
respecting the motion or rest of this star can be formed. (H.)
4f6 Mr. South' s dbservations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCCXL. R. A. 3^ 43" ; Decl. 50° 10' N.
, 43 Persei; Struve, 109; V. 41 •
Double; 5th and 12th, or i5tli magnitudes; sniall, blue.
Passy ; December 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 50° S3' nf\ 5 01?s. I piff. = ,« 4^', )
Distance = /i6".626 | 5 Obs. | Diff;='6":8i75 ^®^ ^^^^^^t
Measiires^of considerable difficulty; the small star under a very sUgKt illumination
becomes invisible.
Palsf i "Jatifery 2, 1825 ; Seveil-feet Equatorial.
i:x9 .qoaH3i.: ^th and 15th magnitudes. ^^^ ^^^^
■?bsit!<3fe r: 60° 20' »/; a single observation. ExfceSsiVely difficult.
Passy ; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 12th, or 15th magnitudes.
i r. ■■
Position
Distance
ition = 57° 47' nf\ Single Observation) gx-essivelv difficult
tance = i' if.gjS \ Single Observatiori 5 ^^^essiveiy aimcuit.
The dew is so rapidly deposited on the exterior and interior surfaces of the
object-glass, that the small star does not continue visible sufficiently long, for mea-
sures of accuracy to be procured. The night is particularly fine.
Mean Result,
Position 59° S9' «/(? Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.01 ;
Distance 1' i6".9S4 (6 0bs. ); Epoch 1825.02.
No measures are given by Sir W. H. of this star. ( H. )
and positions of 458 double and triple stars, &czy 47.
No. CCCCXLI. R. A. 3*^ 43°* ; Decl. 31° 20' N.
5" Persei ;. Struve, 108 ; VI. 96.
Quadruple; A 4th, B 12th, C 15th, and D of the 13th mag-
nitudes: all south p^,^ceding. B is decidedly blue ; bears
a much better illumination than C or D ; an|i D b,eaj:i?, more
than C.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; December 22, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 65* 47' 5p I 5 Obs. ^'"^ — -° --' ^ ^•^
Distance = 12". 825 j 5 Obs.
S^f = 3>°'l Difficult.
DifF. = o".577>
This star B seems to have escaped the observations of Sir William Herschel,
a circumstance which is rather singular, seeing that it is brighter than either of the
more distant stars, whose situations relatively to ( have been determined by him.—
Is the star B variable in point of lustre ? The stars between the clouds are magni-
ficently bright, and are unusually steady, although the wind, which during the last
thirty-six hours has been tremendously high, threatens every moment to carry away
the roof of the observatory. The shutters are only separated from each other by a
space equal to the diameter of the object end of the telescope.
Passy ; December 23, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
4th and 12th magnitudes.
Position 640 S3' ^i' I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 27' ] Verv difficult
Distance I3".767 1 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".72i S ^^ tumcult.
Night very fine, but of A C no measures can be procured; and these of A B just
obtained were attended with much greater difficulty than were those of last night ;
should therefore the two sets differ, those of last night must have the preference.
Passy ; January 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
4th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 64° 33' «;> I 6 Obs. | DifF. = z^ 45'. Very difficult.
To night I should certainly say that the nearest star B was not so distinct with-
out illumination as either of the more distant stars, nor does it bear illumination so
wqII as the distant star D ; but still allows much more of it than C. Are any of the
group variable ? The angle of position of A B was this evening gotten with consi-
derable difficulty. The night is very fine.
48 Mr, South's observations of the apparent distances
T No. CCCCXLI. continued.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; December 22, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
4th and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 71'' ic' sp I c Obs. I DifF. = i* 57' ) ^^ ^ , ..«. ,^
Distance = \' zs/'.iiS \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".202 J Extremely difficult.
Night very clondy : these observations gotten by availing myself of the rapid
motion of the clouds, which now and then presents the stars to view ; when visible
they are unusually brilliant, and pass through the field as steadily as possible ; to
obtain these measures I have not quitted the observing chair during the last hour,
nor do I deem the time ill-spent : except under very unusual circumstances, no ob-
servations of this pair of stars can reasonably be expected with this instrument.
Passy; December 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
4th and 20th magnitudes.
Position = 72*5' sp \ 3 Obs. | DifF. = i*» 38'. Excessively difficult.
Measures of distance impracticable ; and the night is become so unfavourable,
that more observations of position cannot be gotten : yet measures of A B and A D
might be procured with facility.
Passy ; January 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
4th and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 700 4,z'sp I 5 Obs. I Diff. = i« 20' J Excessively difficult.
Distance = 1 23".632 j 5 Obs. \ Diff. = i".oio3 '
Night very fine.
Measures of A D.
Passy ; December 22, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
4th and 13th magnitudes.
Position = 85° ^6' sp\j Obs.
Distances i' 59". 461 j 5 Obs.
Sffi^Ss;";}^^^^*-"-
A B are more easily observed than A D, and A D than A C ; but all present con-
siderable difficulties, and measures of them with this instrument will never be
procured, except under the most favourable circumstances.
and positions of 4/5^ double and triple stars, &c. 49
No. CCCCXLI. continued.
Passy ; December 23, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
4th and 14th magnitudes.
Position = 84* 58' *;> ] 7 Obs.
Distance = 1' 58".682 j 7 Obs.
DifF. = 1° 58'
DifF. = i".25o} Excessively difficult.
The night is very fine, but no measures of A C can be obtained j and these of A D
were gotten with much greater difficulty, than were last night's observations.
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 6s° 2' sp (16 Obs) ; Epoch 1825.00 ;
Distance 13'' 296; Epoch 1824.98.
of AC. Position 71° 14' sp (13 Obs.) ; Distance 1' 24".379 ;
Epoch 1825.01.
of AD. Position 85° 27' sp ; Distance 1' 59".07i ;
Epoch 1824.98.
On the 22nd January, 1783, the position of A C was
66^ 36' sp, differing — 4° 38' from the present angle. Ac-
cording to PiAzzi this star has a proper motion of — o".i4
per annum in R. A. amounting to nearly — 6" in 42 years.
If this be confined to the large star, an apparent relative
motion of the two stars should arise in the direction, and
nearly to the amount actually observed. (H.)
No. CCCCXLIL R. A. 3^ 50- ; Decl. 22« 41' N.
Struve, lis; P. III. 213 ; Hist. Gael. 196.
Double ; large, white ; small, blue ; 8th and 8|- magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; December 22, 1823; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 37° 40' sf
Distance =: 7". 080
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Sffill-^Hl^'^^""-
Blackman-street ; December 29, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 37° 42' sf 5 Obs. DifF. z= !<> 52' ) Unsteadv
Distance = 7".3i4 ) 6 Obs. DifF. = i".202 ] Unsteady,
Mean Result.
Position 37° 41' sf'. Distance 7^.208 ; Epoch 1823.98,
MDCCCXXVI. h
50 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCXLIII. R. A. 3^ 57" ; Decl. 13° 54' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes : a star C of the 5th mag-
nitude precedes it to the north.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 23° 56' sf I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 2° o' ) r)5ffir,i1t
Distance = 44".o87 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = ©".793 ] ^^^^uit.
Passy ; February 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 11th magnitudes.
Position 2 ° s i' ./ 1 5 Obs. Diff. = 0° 47' ) y jigj 1
Distance 44".337 | 5 Obs. [ DifF. = o".9i3 ] ^^^ dimcult.
The fog is very troublesome.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; February 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 5th magnitudes.
Position = 31° 11' np
Distance = 3' i'.gog
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 0° 32' 1 T, , , , ^ .
DifF. = i".o82 \ Tolerably steady.
The star C preceding A to the north.
Passy ; February 10, 1825 ; Portable Transit.*
Observed R. A. of the star A = 3'' 56' 44".9i.
Mean Result.
of AB. Position 23'' 53' 5/; Distance 44".2 12 ; Epoch 1825.10.
of AC. 3i°ii' np; 3' i"-909; Epoch 1825.10.
• My Troughton's Seven-feet Transit, to which reference was occasionally
made in the former Memoir, being, on account of its bulk, ill calculated for a tra-
velling companion, Mr. Simms was requested to construct me one that should be
more appropriate ; and as it fully answers the purpose for which it was designed, a
brief description of it may not prove altogether uninteresting to the travelling
Astronomer.
The centre piece of this instrument is spheroidal : the length of the horizontal or
transverse axis, including the pivots, is 28 inches: on one end of this axis is a circle
of 9.9 inches diameter, having a ring of silver soldered to its circumference, on
which the dividing lines are drawn ; the circle is provided with a level and two ver-
niers ; the scale of the former reading to 10 seconds, the latter to minutes only ; it is
intended solely as a finder, but will give the apparent altitude of a celestial object ac-
curate to one minute. The tubes of the telescope are conical, screw into the centre-
piece, and may be removed from it at pleasure, as may be also the circle from the
and positions of 4;SS double and triple stars, ^c. 51
No. CCCCXLIV. R. A. 3^ 58' ; Decl. 22« 38' N.
Nova;
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Passy ; October 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Diff! = o«^^2 1 Extremely difficult.
Position = 84° %' sp
Distance = 6". 301
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Neither star bears sufficient illumination. Night foggy.
Between this night and the 22nd of October, when the observatory at Passy was
broken up, unfavourableness of the weather prevented me getting a second series
of observations.
axis ; the cones however of the horizontal axis being firmly soldered and pinned to a
shoulder projecting from the centre-piece, are not separable from it : the level of
the axis is supplied with a silver scale, each division of which is equivalent to one
second. In the focus of the object-glass are seven equi-distant wires, the equatorial
interval between any two of them being about 20 seconds of time : on each side of
the meridian wire, and at equal distances from it, are two others, so placed that the
pole star shall pass from it to either of them in two minutes, for a purpose explained
in the Memoirs of the Astronomical Society (vide Vol. I. page 238) ; applicable to
each side plate, is an apparatus for regulating the quantity of light projected from
the lamp upon the wires. The side plates are similar to those belonging to my
Four-feet Transit Circle, and which (I believe) were described in Rees's Encyclo-
paedia, when the instrument was the property of Mr. Groombridge. A second
level for the horizontal axis, a spare one for the altitude circle, and a second wire-
plate furnished with spiders' lines are at hand, and are ready for immediate use,
should accident sustained by any of the first set, render them unfit for service— a
reserve which no traveller should neglect ; lest also any of the screws by which the
various parts of the instrument are connected should be lost, a few additional ones
placed in the box are not, (as I have found by experience), without their use.
The object-glass was made by Mr. Tulley, and originally belonged to the
Westbury Circle : its clear aperture is 2.7 inches, its focal length is 43 inches; with
a magnifying power of 300 it defines a Lyrae, Arcturus and Aldebaran, perfectly
sharp and round; separates very distinctly the close stars of yLeonis, t Bootis, and
^Orionis; whilst with 150 (the commonly used power) under favourable circum-
stances, the small star south preceding Polaris, is sufficiently visible to enable the
observer to take its transit, with considerable precision.
The instrument is mounted on stone piers, and has retained its meridian position
extremely well ; fifteen months' experience has shown, that whilst the maximum
error, to which the mean of a single series of observations of any star south of the
zenith of my observatory, does not exceed 4-tenths of a second, often, very often, the
result of a single set will not deviate 2-tenths from the true right ascension. When
the pole star is steady, its transit over the wire may be determined to one second.
Thus much for its utility.
As for its portability : the transverse axis, the telescope tubes, and the altitude
circle, are included in a box 29 inches long, 14 inches broad, and 6| inches deep.
The three levels, the spare wire-plate, the light regulating apparatus, the lamp, &c.
are lodged in a case 27^ inches in length, i\\ in breadth, and 3! in depth. The
side plates, with their appendages of nuts, screws, &c. are contained in a box 13I
inches long, y\ inches broad, and 7^ inches deep; and the tout ensemble is well accom-
modated under the seat of my travelling carriage. (The measures are all exterior.)
. Passy; October 2Z, 1S25.
5s Mn South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCXLV. R. A. ^^ 7" ; Decl. 49° 50' N.
Struve, 117;
Triple ; A 7t, B 8th, and C of the 10th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Blackman-street ; December 9, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position r= 56" 36' np I 5 Obs. [ DifF. = 1° 2' 7
Distance = 1' is"-°\7 I 5 ^^s. | Diff. = i".3S8 j
BlackmaQ->street ; December 29, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7i and 8th magnitudes.
Position := 56° $1' np [5 Obs.
DifF. = o'* 35' I
Distance =: i' is"'3H 1 ^ Obs. DifF. = o".84i 3
Measures of A C.
Blackman-street ; December 9, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
7h and 10th magnitudes.
Position zz 10° 26' s p
Distance =: 2' 29".634
3 Obs.
3 Obs.
DifF. =0° 10' 1^ . , ,.^ ,
DifF. = 3".ooo S ^^cessively difficult.
These results are rather suspicious, the small star is so extremely obscure.
Blackman-street ; December 29, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7h and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 9° 47' *p I 3 Obs. ( DifF. = 0° 20' ) „ ^ , ..^ .
Distance = 2' 27''.974 | 3 Obs. | DifF. = ©".649 } Extremely difficult.
Passy ; February 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7h and 11th magnitudes.
Position = ,0° o; sp I 2 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 20' ) Extremely difficult.
Distances: 2' z%".tzo \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = ©".889 )
Mean Result.
Of A B. Position ^6"" 33' np ; Distance 1' i5".22o ;
Epoch 1823.97.
Of A C. Position 10° i sp ; Distance 2' 28". 720 ;
Epoch 1824.34.
and positions of4>58 double and triple stars ^ &c. 53
No. CCCCXLVI. R. A. 4^ 7" ; Decl. 7° 65' S.
40, Eridani ; Struve, 116 ;
Double ; 6th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; December 10, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 180 x8' ./I 7 Obs. I DifF. = i° i6' ? E^.^ssively difficult.
Distance =: i' 24". 697 ± ; Single measure 3 ^
No satisfactory measures of distance can be procured ; the deposition of mois-
ture upon the object-glass is so considerable, notwithstanding a tube* twelve inches
long is adapted to the object-end of the telescope, that I am obliged to wipe it
every few minutes. The stars, even those of low altitude, are unusually steady :
were it not for the annoyance of the dew, stars presenting almost any degree of
difficulty might be well observed to night. Thermometer stands at 24°. The
instrument is covered with hoar frost.
Passy ; December 22, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th, and 9th or 10th magnitudes.
Position = 17° 34' */
Distances i' 24". 178
5 Obs.
5^5 = °?, 3?; I On the meridian.
5 Obs. I DiflF. = I ".082
Measures extremely difficult. Stars so remarkably steady, that they may be kept
bisected by the wire almost as long as I please. The wind is blowing a perfect
hurricane ; and fearing that a perseverance in observing, may occasion the destruc-
tion of the observatory, I am obliged, although reluctantly, to discontinue working.
Scarcely ever do I remember to have seen such opportunities for making delicate
observations, as the chasms between transient clouds have presented this evening.
Passy ; December 23, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position — 17° 45' */. Single observation. Excessively difficult.
The night suddenly has become bad ; the small star is no longer visible.
Passy ; January 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =: 17° 56' 5/
Distance = i'' 25". 279
D^:^ll%]^^''''^'^y^^^'''^''
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Mean Result.
Position 17° 58' 5/ ( 18 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.99 ;
Distance 1' 24".726 (11 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.00.
* The tube first employed for this purpose was made of pasteboard : the dew
however was frequently so copious that its figure became deranged, and it could
with difficulty be re-applied to the object-end of the telescope. Under these cir-
cumstances, the veneered deal of which the English hat-box is constructed, aflForded
a material not liable to this inconvenience — its pliability rendered it easy to add
one cylinder to another, so as to form a tube of any desired length, its weight at the
same time very slightly disturbing the equilibrium of the telescope.
54 Mr, South's observations oj the apparent distances
No. CCCCXLVII. R. A. 4^ 13" ; Decl. 33° 5s' N.
Struve, 124; IV. 72 ;
Double ; Si- and 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; December 10, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 290 48' nf
Distance = 2o".oio
5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 48' \
5 Obs. I DifF. = i".2265
Passy ; December 22, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 29° 51' «/
Distance = i9".72i
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
F. = lo I' I
F.= l".202 5
DiiF. = lo I'
DifF.
The small star is decidedly blue.
Mean Result.
Position 29° 49' nf; Distance 19".865 ; Epoch 1824.96.
The measures of 1783 were, Position 27° 24' nf\ Dis-
tance 16". S 6 ; the former differing but little from the pre-
sent ; the latter presenting an increase of 3".oi5, being more
than should be expected on a total of 1 7" only, (H.)
No. CCCCXLVIII. R. A. 4M8™ ; Decl. 29° 57' N.
Struve, 124; Hist. Casl. 136;
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Blackman-street ; December 22, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 550 57' nf I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 16' \
" ' " =o".2845
Distance = I5".276 | 5 Obs. | Diff.
Blackman-street ; December 30, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 55° 29' n/ 1 5 Obs. I DifF. = i* 15' ^
Distances 1 5 ".2 3 2 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".4565
Mean Result.
Position SS"" 43' nf; Distance 15^254 ; Epoch 1823.99.
and positions of 4:6^ double and triple stars ^ &c. 56
No. CCCCXLIX. R. A. 4^ i8- ; Decl. 9° 4i' N.
Struve, 126 ; IV. 75.
Double ; 10th and 12th, or 15th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =: 66° 30' sf; single observation. Excessively diificult.
These stars are so very faint, that measures entitled to any confidence cannot be
obtained.
Passy ; January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
llth and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 650 56' sf I 5 Obs. DifF. 3«> ^of ) <, ,
Distance = zz".6oz ± \ 2 Obs. DifF. z".zZ^. ] ^^^ady.
Observed when on the meridian. Night very fine ; but the measures, particu-
larly those of distance, are so excessively difiicult, that I fear they must be consi-
dered as liable to some inaccuracy.
Passy ; February 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
llth and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 69° 16' 5/ I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 2<» 55' > „ . , ,.«. ,^
Distance = 23".496 ± | i Obs. | DifF. = _ii- ] Excessively difficult.
Measures little better than guesses. The fog is now become so dense, that to
persevere in observing, is impossible.
Mean Result.
Position 67° 30' sj (ii Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.04 ;
Distance 22",90o+(3 Obs.); Epoch 1825.05.
The angle, Feb. 16, 1783, was 61** 36' sf, differing 5° 34'
from the present, being a change of +0^.132 per annum.
The distance at the period above specified w^as 22".6o, agree-
ing very exactly with the present. Future observations must
decide on the reality of the motion here indicated. (H.)
56 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCL. R. A. 4^ 19" ; Decl. 39° 35' N.
145, 24, or Nova?
Double ; 7 ^ and 8th magnitudes.
Passy ; December 26, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position r= 25* 28' sf
Distance z= 9 .652
5 Obs. ( DifF. =z I" 21' )
5 Obs. DifF. = ©".505 j
Passy ; December 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7^ and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 24° 36' sf\ 5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 52' 7
Distance = 9".504 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".74.5 1 • • * • •
Passy; February 11, 1825 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R. A. of the larger star = 4^^ 19' 29".74.
Mean Result.
Position 25° 2' ^/4 Distance 9".578; Epoch 1824.99.
CCCCLI. R. A. 4"^ 23™ ; Decl. 47° s' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 7y and 8th magnitudes.
Passy; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 48' 7
5 Obs. I DifF. = o".6oi j
Passy ; February 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 71 magnitudes.
Position = 74® 21' «;> 1 5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 48' 7
Distance = i' ©".357 \ 5 Obs. DifF. =: o".505 j
Passy ; Februaiy 11, 1825 ; Portable Transit.
Qbserved R. A, of the larger star = 4*^ 23' 26".o8.
Mean Result.
Position '74<°tS'sp; Distance i'o".454; Epoch 1825.10.
Position =: 74° 16' sp
Distance = i' o".55i
and positions of ^58 double and triple stars, ^c. 57
No. CCCCLII. R. A. 4^^ 26™ ; Decl. 16° 8' N.
Aldebaran ; Struve, 129 ; VI. 66.
Double ; 1st and 20th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 53<» zy' nf-±. | 4 Obs. | DifF. =: 1" 12'. Excessively difficult.
Distance about a minute and a half by estimation ; observations of distance
cannot be procured, the small star being so excessively faint, that it becomes invi-
sible under the slightest illumination. The position here given may be liable to an
error of one, or two degrees.
Passy ; January 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
1st and 20th magnitudes.
Position = 54<» 32' w/± | 2 Obs. | Diff. = o'' 36'. Excessively difficult.
The small star will not bear even the slightest illumination. The night being
unusually favourable, I was very anxions to procure, if possible, measures entitled
to confidence; and finding all attempts with a power of 179 ineffectual, I applied
273 : no advantage however was gained by the change of eye-piece. The observa-
tions of position must, I fear, be regarded with distrust, and any of distance with
this instrument are altogether impracticable.
Mean Result.
Position 53° 49' nf±(6 Obs.); Distance about one minute
and a half by estimation; Epoch 1825.04.
In 1781 the angle was 52° 58' nf. In 1802 it was mea-
sured at 54° 8' nf: the present is nearly a mean between
them. It is clear therefore that no very sensible motion can
exist in this star. According to the proper motions set down
in PiAzzi's catalogue, the angle of position should be liable
to a slow change in the direction np sf or ^^, amounting how-
ever to a quantity hardly cognizable in 40 years. (H.)
MDCCCXXVI. i
58 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCLIII. R. A. 4'* 27" ; Decl. 10° 5' S.
Struve, 131 ; III. 100.
Double ; 7th and 8th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; December 13, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 11" 36' sp \ 5 Obs. I DifF. = j® 48' \
Distance = 13".637 \ 6 Obs. | pifF. = i".26^ 5
Blackman-street ; January 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
^th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 11° 9' *D I 5 Obs. | DifF. = 1° 15' ) r\\ff...,^*■
Distance = if. 662 \ 5 Obs. | DiflF. = 6.769^ Uiflicult.
Mean Result.
Position 11° sa' sp; Distance 13"- 634 ; Epoch 182401.
There seems a sensible change of position in this star. In
1783 (Feb. 19) its angle was 16° 24' sp. The change
amounts to 5° 2' in the direction sp w/ or + » i* ^' to + o°.i23
per annum. An increase also of i".7 in distance has hap-
pened. As the star is an easy one to measure in favourable
w^eather, there is much probability that these changes are
owing to real motions. (H.) ■"' ^'^*
No. CCCCLIV. R. A. 4'^ s8- ; Decl. 26° ^^ N.
Struve, 133; Hist. Csel. 204.
Double ; equal ; each of the 8th magnitude.
Blackman-street ; December 13, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 60° 36' nfov sp \ 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = 0° 33' ^
Distance = 3".9 1 3 j 5 Obs. ] DifF. = o".379 ^
Blackman-street ; December 30, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of the 8th magnitude.
Position = di** 10' sp or w/1 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° o' 7
Distance = 3".926 | 5 Obs. J Diff. =o"336 3
Mean Result.
Position 60° ss' sp ornf; Distance 3"9i9 ; Epoch 1823.97.
and positions of 458 double and triple stars ^ ^c. B9
No. CCCCLV. R. A. 4*' 31" ; Decl. 22" 36' N.
-"'^Tauri; StRUVE, 134; VL ^y'^^^
Double ; large, white ; small, blue ; 5th and 8^ magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; December 27, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 58° 33' «p j 5 dbs. I DifF. = o° 30' )
Distande =r 1' l"425 f } Obs. | Diff. = o".632 5
Blackman-street ; December 31, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and lOth magnitudes.
Position = sf 24' *;> I 5 Obs. I Diff. = o^ 55' J Rather difficult.
Distance = i' 3 .210 | 5 Obs. | DifF. =0.5775
Night very hazy. The small star is indistinct.
Mean Result.
Position 58° 28' sp ; Distance i' 2".8i7 ; Epoch 182400.
No measures of position are given by Sir W. H. The
distance does not seem to have changed. ( H. )
No. CCCCLVI. R. A. 4»^ 32"" ; Decl. o** S5' N.
Struve, 135; 11. 81 :
Triple ; A 9th, B lith or 12th, and C of the 15th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Measures of A B.
Position = 56° 44' np I 6 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 14' 1 ,. ,.«. ,^
Distance = 6".494 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".6l9 1 ^'"^ '^'^'"^''
Measures of A C.
Position zz6° d sp dr ; single observation 7 u • 1 j-m ^^
Distance = I' 44".4i2±; sinlle observation j E«essively difflcult.
The star C is so extremely obscure, that accurate measures cannot be procured ;
the night is very favourable.
,6o Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCLVI. continued.
Passy ; January 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
r Measures of A B.
9th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 56«» i' «p I c Obs. DifF. = o° o' 7 „ • i j-/r i.
Distance = 6".^iy | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".505 \ Excessively difficult.
I see the small distant star C, but can neither measure its position or distance^
Night fine,
■ '^^^^i^^ J*^i- Mean Result.
of A B. Position 56° 24' np (1 1 Obs.); Distance 6."455 ( 10 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.03. '-\^r
of A C. Position 6° o' 5 /> + ; Distance 1^ 4V.412 + :
Epoch 1825.01.
(Single observations.)
The position Jan. 31, 1783, was 51° s6' np, differing 4° 48'
from the present. (H.)
No. CCCCLVII. R. A. 4^ 44" ; Decl. 1" 34' S.
Struve, 138 ; Hist. Gael. 251 ;
Double ; nearly equal ; 8t and H^ magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; December 9, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 84° zi np 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 24' )
Distance = 41 ".697 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".632)
Blackman-street ; January 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 91 magnitudes.
Position = 820 53' »p
5 Obs.
DifF. = 1° 5 \
Distance =:4i".i82 ' ^ Obs. DifF. = i".oio j[ ^i^ictilt.
Passy ; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
85 and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 83** 48' np I 5 Obs. I Diff. = o° 45' \
Distance = 4i".59i | 5 Obs. DifF. = i".202 j
Observed by twilight, without artificial illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 83° 41' np ; Distance 4 1".490 ; Epoch 1824.42.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars y &c. 61
No. CCCCLVIII. R. A. 4^ 44™ ; Decl. 7° 6f N.
Struve, 139 ; Hist. Gael. 42 ;
Double; qy and 10th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; December 27, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 73° f sp\ c Obs. I DifF. = i® 30' ) ,, ..^ ,^
Distance= i6".6i8 \ s Obs. | DifF. = o".sos ] "^^"^ ^^^<^"^*-
.jl;i:ri Neither star bears a good illuftiination.
Blackman-street ; January 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
"^ ' '"^ 9h and 9| magnitudes.
Position rr/S** 10' sp I 5 Obs. DifF. = !<> o' ) ,. ,.- ,^
Distance = 17". 2^9 \ 5 Obs. DifF. = i".o345 "^ difficult.
iVfe^w Result.
Position 73' 8' sp ; Distance i6".93S ; Epoch 1824.03.
No. CCCCLIX. R. A. 4^ 47" ; Decl. 60" 11' N.
10, Camelopardali ; Struve, 141 ; VI. 36 ;
Double ; r,th and 9th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy : January 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 62° 11' *p I 5 Obs. I DifF. = o° 36' 7
Distance= r' 2o".276 I 5 Obs. I DifF. = o".73i I • • . •
Passy ; February 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 62 25' sp I 5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 37' )
Distance = i' I9".443 | 5 Obs. Diff. = i".s^6 j
Mean Result.
Positioner** iS' sp ; Distance 1' i9".859 ; Epoch 1825.05.
No measures given by Sir W. Herschel of this star. (H.)
€^
Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distctnces
r No. CCCCLX. R. A. 4*^ 49" ; Decl. i** 23' N.
Struve, 145 ; I. 68 ;
Double ; equal; each of the 10th magnitude ; a star of the
5th magnitude follows it to the south.
Passy ; Janilary 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Eqaatorial.
Diff! = d'lti \ Extremely difficult.
Position = 83** \i' sfot np\y Obs.
Distance= 2".30i j 5 Obs.
Observations made with 179 j a power of 273 was tried, but without any advan-
tage. The night is remarkably fine, and the stars are very steady. It freezes hard.
Passy; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Eqaatofial.
Equal; each of the 10th magnitude.
Position = 84** 25' sfov np \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = 5° 30'. Excessively difficult.
Of distance no measures can be obtained, in consequence of the rapid depdsition
of moisture on each surface of the object-glass. Night very fine; the stars are re-
markably brilliant. A slight frost.
Passy; February 6, 1825; Seven -feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each df the 1 0th magnitude.
Distance = 2".83o | 5 Obs. | DifF. =z ©".360. Excessively difficult.
The night is become suddenly cloudy ; no more observations can be procured.
Mean Result.
Position 83° 49' sfot np (12 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.04 ;
Distance 9.". $65 (10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.06.
In 1783, January 22, (1783.06), the Position was 84° 54' nf,
being a change of 1 1° 1 7' in 42.00 years, in the direction np sf,
or retrograde — that is, — 0^.269 per annum. The change is
so considerable, as to render it highly probable that this star
belongs to the class of binary, or connected stars, and should
therefore be assiduously watched. (H.)
and positions of^fSB double and triple stars,. ^c, 63
No. CCCCLXI. R. A. 4^ 50°^ ; Decl. 26° 25' N.
Struve, 146 ;
Double ; 7th and 8|- magnitudes.
Passy ; December 5, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 68° 33' «/ 1 5 Obs.
J
DifF. =r 0° 29' I
Diff. = i".37o5
Distance= i' iS'.SozJ 5 Obs.
Passy ; December 10, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 68° 40' «/ 1 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 47' )
1 5 Obs. I Diff. = o".865 I
■ - . - . , ^7' *
Distances i' i8".3Zi j 5 Obs. J Diff. = o".865
The ^Hxall star is blue.
Mean Result. od =z nohho^.
Position 68° 36' sf; Distance 1' 18". 561 ; Epo3i' 1624.94.
No. CCCCLXII. R. A. 4^ 51" ; Decl. 3° 22' N.
Struve, 147 ; Hist. Gael. 465.
Double ; 6 J and 7th magnitudes.
Passy ; December 5, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 11° A.' s p c Obs. I Diff. = o° 47' 7 ^ . , • ,.
Distance ;=2i".6o/ 5 Obs. | Diff. = o^sfs 1 ^" '^' "''"^^^°'
Night not very favourable.
Passy ; December 10, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7 th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 9° 45' *jp 5 Obs. Diff. = 0° 51') q. .
Distance = 22".423 5 Obs. Diff. = i".202 5 ^«aay.
The dew is extremely troublesome.
Passy ; February 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 10° 30' sp 5 Obs. Diff. = 1° 29' J <;.^,j„
Distances 2i".399 5 Ohs. Diff. = o".74S j ^^^^^Y-
Mean Result,
Position 10'' 26' 5/) (15 Obs.) ; Distance 2i".8o8 (15 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1824.99.
64 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCLXIII. R. A. 4^ 52"^ ; Decl. ii^Vn.
Struve, 149;
Double; 7th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; February 8, ] 825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =. 60° 39' nf 5 Obs. I DifF. =r i° 29' 1 Excessively difficult
Distance = 33".787 ± 3 Obs. | DifF. = 2". 620] excessively aimcuit.
The small star scarcely bears the least illumination. The observations of distance
deserve probably but little confidence. The night is unfavourable.
Passy; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 6o°ii'»/ 5 Obs. Diff. = 4° 23' Uxtremely difficult.
Distance = 33 .967 5 Obs. DifF. = i ".4433 ^ ..
Mean Result.
Position 60* 25' nf\ (10 Obs.) ; Distance 33".6o4 (8 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.10.
No. CCCCLXIV. R. A. 4'' 53" ; Decl. 79° o' N.
62 (Bode), Camelopardali ; Struve, 152 ;
Double ; 7th and loth magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; February 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 76° 56' np I 5 Obs. | DifF. = o° 13' ) y „ ,
Distance = 37".29o | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".48i ] ^^^ '*^^^y-
Passy ; February 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 75° 50' np
Distance = 36".734
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 1° 12')
DifF. = I ".010 5
The small star is decidedly blue.
Mean Result.
Position 76° 23' np ; Distance 37*.oi2 ; Epoch 1825.10.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars y &c. 65
No. CCCCLXV. R. A. 4" SS'^ ; Decl. i'* so'N.
Struve, 150; P. IV. 278.
Double ; 7th and 8th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; December 5, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 43° I3'«/I 5 Obs. | Diff. = 1° 50' )
Distance = i4''.340 j 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".6oi j • • • •
Passy ; December 10, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 4o<» 16' n/ 1 5 Obs. I Diff. = 2° i' )
Distance = 14".907 | 5 Obs. J Diff. = o".48i 3 • • > •
Passy ; January 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 41° 36' nf\ 5 Obs. Diff. = 3° 55' \
Distance = i4".o59 | 5 Obs. Diff. =o".3845 • • • •
A double star of the 6th class is in the field with this double star : its smaller star
has nearly the same right ascension as the larger of the stars here measured.
Mean Result.
Position 41° 42' nf [15 Obs.) ; Distance 14".435 ( i5 Obs. ) ;
Epoch 1824.97.
No. CCCCLXVI. R. A. 4^ 57" ; Decl. 21° 27' N.
105 Tauri ; Struve, 155 ; VI. 105.
Double ; 7th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 19° 8'*p I c Obs. I Diff. = i° i8' ) ^ ^ i j-o: i*
Distance = i V.9+4 I 5 Obs. | Diff = o\62S J Extremely difficult.
One hour and a half east of the meridian, at the time of observation.
MDCCCXXVI. k
^ Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCLXVI. continued.
Passy ; January 17, 1825 ; Seven»feet Equatorial.
7th and 12th magnitudes.
Position as i8° 59' sp I 5 Obs.
Distance = i' 5o".o36 | 5 Obs.
Diff.
T\:ff' _ ," jq5 \ Extremely difficult.
Observed when on the meridian : the small star bears only a very feeble illumin-
ation. This set of measures was taken inadvertently; I had omitted to note the
star as observed, in the earlier part of the evening.
Mean Result.
Position 19° 3' s p ; Distance 1' 49"-99o ; Epoch 1825.04.
Sept. 28,1783. Position iH^'o' sp; Dist. 1' 4i".5, being
a change of 1° 3' in position and + 7*- 5 ^^ distance ; but this
last quantity, for the reasons already given, cannot be relied
on. There is therefore no reason to presume motion in
these stars. (H.)
No. CCCCLXVII. R. A. 4»^ SQ'^ ; Decl. 31° 5i' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Passy ; October 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 16° 12' nf c Obs. I Diff. = 3° 12' ) ^ ^ , .-n: u
Distance = 4".2ai 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".2i65 Extremely difficuh.
Observed when 2 J hours east of the meridian. Night foggy; stars occasionally
very faint.
Passy; October 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Night foggy, and stars so faint, that with i8i they cannot be seen; observed
with 157.
.il;ioIii ::-iJ ][fg^^ Result.
Position 15° 4,0' nf; Distance 4*.57i ; Epoch 1825.78.
and positions of 458 double and triple stars , ^c. 67
No. CCCCLXVIII. R. A. 5^ o- ; Decl. 13° 47' N,
Struve, 157 ; Hist. Gael. 203.
Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; December 31, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 72° 23' sf 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 30' \ ,. ..a- .
Distance = zf'-SS^ 5 Obs. | DifF. = ,".010 j ^^^^ ^^^*^"1*-
These stars bear only a feeble illumination ; but the night is unfavourable.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 72° 52' «/ s Obs. I DifF. = z° 10' \ ^ • 1 j-n: 1.
Distance = z6".%ii 5 Obs. \ DifF. = f'.sij \ Excessively difficult.
Mean Result,
Position 72** si sf; Distance 27". 183 ; Epoch 1825.00.
No. CCCCLXIX. R. A. 5^ 4"^ ; Decl. 2° 38' N.
145.21, or Nova ?
Double ; 7th and 10th magnitudes : small, decidedly blue,
and bears a good illumination.
Passy ; February 12, 1825 : Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 28°33'«/
Distance = 6", 670
5 9m Diff- =4° 4V I Unsteady.
5 Obs. I DifF. = o".5 77
Passy ; February 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 27° 30' nf
Distance =: 7". ^39
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff! = o°.697}^^^""'*^^^y'
Passy ; February 23, 1825 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R. A. of the larger star = ^^ 4' io".83.
Mean Result.
Position 28° 1' nf; Distance 7".o54 ; Epoch 1825.12.
68> Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No.CCCCLXX. R. A. s'^S"'; Decl. 17'40'S.
Struve, 161 ; Hist. Csel. 562.
Double ; 10th and io|- magnitudes.
Passy ; January 17, 1825 ; Seven -feet Equatoria].
Position =: y'^A.j'np I c Obs. DifF. = o°3o' 7 i? ^^ • i j-ie »^
Distance = 48^65/ | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".;*! r''^''"'^'^^ ^^®*^"^*-
Neither star bears sufficient illumination, and the observations of distance maj-
perhaps be a little inaccurate.
t*assy; Januaiy 19, 1825; Seren-feet Equatorial.
10th and 10^ magnitudes.
Position =s 7° 33' nj»
Distance = 47".956
cObs. Diflr. = 10 2' 7„ • , j-«. ,.
5 Obs. Diff. = i".443 i Excessively difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 7° 38' np ; Distance 48".304 ; Epoch 1825.05.
No. CCCCLXXI. R. A. 5^ 5™ ; Decl. S3° 9' N.
Struve, 162 ; II. 48.
Double ; 8^ and 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; December 5, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position s= iB° ^' sp
Distance = 2".837
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 1° 32' )
DifF.=o".553l
Passy ; December 22, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8i and 9th magnitudes.
Position =z 17° g' sp j 5 Obs. I DifF. z= 3° 10' \
Distance = 2".8o8 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o''.865 J • • • •
Mean Result.
Position 17° 37' sp ; Distance 2".822 ; Epoch 1824.95-
The position in 1783 was 15" 48' nf, so that there is no
reason to suppose any change in this star, as there is so little
difference in their magnitudes, that the larger might easily
be mistaken for the smaller, and thus 180° difference in posi-
tion arise. (H.)
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars y &c. 69
No. CCCCLXXII. R. A. 5^6^; Decl. 39° 58' N.
X Aurigae; Struve, 164 ; V. 22.
Triple ; A 5th, B 11th, and C of the 12th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = cc**24'n/' 5 Obs. I DifF. iz i°2q' 7 t? ^ _ i j-o: i*
Distance = 5' 42^646 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".827 j Extremely difficult.
Passy ; February 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 55° 25' nf c Obs. i DifF. = 0° 16' ) „ , , ..a- ,^
Distance = i' 41 ''.640 5 Obs. | Diflr. = 2".3s6 J Extremely difficult.
The small star to-night will bear but the slightest illumination.
North preceding, and at about the same distance, is a star of the 1 5th magni-
tude ; but it is so excessively faint, that neither its angle with, or distance from A
can be observed ; yet the night is very clear.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven- feet Equatorial.
5th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 8° 23' nf \ 2 Obs. | DifF. = 0° 33'. Excessively difficult.
The distance I cannot obtain ; the small star C will not bear the slightest illu-
mination. The star C is also itself double of the 5 th class ; but although the night
is remarkably fine, I cannot get even approximate measures of it.
Passy; February 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 8» 33' nf
Distance = 3' i3".94i
5 Obs. DifF. = o°i8' 1p . , ..«. ,^
S Obs. DifF. = i".o34 \ Excessively difficult.
The star C seen double of the 5 th class ; but its small star, which is south pre-
ceding, is so very obscure, that my attempts to procure measures of it have been
unsuccessful ; yet the night is exceedingly fine.
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 65° 24' nf; Distance 1' 42".i43-
of AC. Position 8° 30' nf(^ Obs.) ; Distance 3'iS".94i (50bs.);
Epoch 1825.10.^
Sir W. Herschel has no measures of this star. (H.) .
70 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCCLXXIII. R. A. 5^ 10™ ; Decl. 15' 26' S.
Struve, 168 ; Hist. Gael. 467.
! - Double; 8th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; December 31, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 32° 50' np \ 5 Obs. | DiflF. = o" 28'. Very difficult.
The night is suddenly become bad ; observations of distance impracticable.
Passy ; January 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 34° 13' «p I 5 Obs.
Distance = 2o".932 } 5 Obs.
Dm.ztlL\^^''''^'^y^'^''^^''
The small star bears only the slightest illumination. Night fine.
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 35° i' nj9
Distance= 2o".757
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff! = o''.84i I Extremely difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 34° i' np (15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.05.
Distance 20''. 844 (10 Obs); Epoch 1825.07.
No. CCCCLXXIV. R. A. 5^ 11'^ ; Decl. io« 56' S.
Struve, 169 ; Hist. Gael. 313.
Double ; 8^ and 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; December 5, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 1° 35' «j? J 5 Obs.
Distance = io".7i3 | 5 Obs.
DifF. = 1° 28' \
DifF. =:o".72i5
Passy; December 10, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and Qth magnitudes.
Position = 3° 5' np
Distance = 11". 166
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 1° 2c' \ r^ ,. . ,.
DifF. = o".72i } ^"^ *^^ meridian.
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8^ and 9th magnitudes.
Position 3° 47' np \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = 1° 45. ...
Mean Result.
Position 2° 49' np {15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.99 ;
Distance io".939 (10 Obs.); Epoch 1824.94.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars y C^c. 7t
No. CCCCLXXV. R. A. 5^ iQ"* ; Decl. 8** 13' S.
82 (Bode) Orionis ; Struve, 171 ; IV. 87.
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
DifF. = 0° 33' ;
DifF. =o".649
Position = 86° 32' nf
Distance := 35".436
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = 0° 33' I y^^ difficult.
Passy : January 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatoiial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 86° 41 nf\ c Obs. 1 DifF. = i« 3' ) ,, ,.^ ,^
Distance = 36".J53 "^ | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".84i } ^^^7 difficult,
Passy; February 9, 1825 ; Seven- feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Distance = 34".645 ; 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".274. Very difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 86° 46' nf (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.05 ;
Distance 35".678 (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.06.
By a mean of two measures in 1783, the position comes
out for that epoch 85° 24', differing but 1° 32' from the pre-
sent. The distance at the beginning of 1783 was 29'*. 30,
and the measure is called very exact; yet an increase of
distance to the extent of 6". 38 is beyond probability, a cir-
cumstance which proves the occasional occurrence of the
micrometrical error already pointed out, even in distances so
low as 30". (H.)
72 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCLXXVI. R. A. 5^ i2"> ; Decl. 18° 43' S.
Struve, 170; Hist. Gael. 562.
Double ; equal, each 7^ magnitude.
Passy ; December 5, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 72° 39' n/or sp \ 5 Obs. DifF. = 1° 31')
Distance = 39".74o | 5 Obs. DifF. = i".563 5
Passy ; December 10, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each 7i magnitude.
Position = 72° 43' nfovsp\s Obs. I DifF. = 1° 8' ) ^ ,
Distance = 39 ".687 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = 0^577 5 ^^^^^7'
Night favourable, observed on the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 72° 41' nfoT sp ; Distance 39".7i3 ; Epoch 1824.94.
No. CCCCLXXVII. R. A. 5^ i3™ ; Decl. 34° 43' N,
Struve, 173 ; IV. 101.
Double ; 9th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy; December 23, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = J7° \^' np \ 5 Obs. j Diff. = 2° 3'. Extremely difficult.
Observations of distance cannot be obtained ; the night is become very cloudy.
Passy ; January 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 75° 33' np I 5 Obs. I DifF. = i** 7' ">
Distance= 32".075 j 5 Obs. | DifF. =:o".553 3
Passy ; February 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 75° 55' np
Distance = 31 ".85 3
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = o» 30' )
Diff. = o".962
Mean Result.
Position 76° 14' np ( 15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.04 ;
Distance 31^964 (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.07.
This measure of position, compared with that of 1783,
presents only 14' of difference. The distances are however
evidently not comparable, owing to the micrometrical irregu-
larity already pointed out. (H.)
and positions of 458 double and triple stars ^ ^c, 73
No. CCCCLXXVIII. R. A. 5^ 14™ ; Decl. 17° 13' N.
Ill Tauri ; Struve, 174; V. 110.
Double ; 7th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 1° 25' np
Distance= i' i".823
5 Obs. I DiflF. = 0° 34' I n;fflr»if
SObs.|Diff. = i".4i8 5^'®'"^*-
Passy ; February 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 1° 10' np I 5 Obs. I Diff. = o° 52' ) ^.^ j^^
Distance= 1' i".703 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".48i5 ^
When the position wire was set purposely to zero, the small star remained below
thfe wire, whilst the larger continued bisected by it, during their passage across the
field.
Mean Result.
Position 1" lYnp; Distance i' i".763; Epoch 1825.06.
There is no reason to suppose a change of position in this
star, the angle of 1783 being 3° 48' w^. (H.)
No. CCCCLXXIX. R. A. 5^ i6» ; Decl. 1° 39' N.
Nova ;
Double; 9th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; March 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = S2° iS' sp\6 Obs. | DifF. = i° 58' Extremely difficult.
The night is become so bad, that observations of distance cannot be procured ; it
is probably between 40 and 50 seconds.
Passy ; March 5, 1825 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R. A. of the larger star = 5''.i5'.34".23.
Passy ; March 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 11 th magnitudes.
Position = coP '^4! sp C Obs. I DifF. = 0° 52' ) ,, . _ , ..«. .
Distance= 46".427 ^ 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".oipl ^^^^^"^^^y^^^^"^^-
MDCCCXXVI. /
74 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCLXXIX. continued.
Passy ; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 51° i' «;> I 5 Obs
Pistance=46".833 5 Obs
^^^•Z°: 3^1 Very difficult.
DifF,
Observed by twilight, without artificial illumination.
A distant star C of the 5th magnitude follows A to the North.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; March 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 54* 44' nf I 5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 29' ) „ ^ ... ,
Distance = 2' i^".6go \ 5 Obs. DifF. = d'M^ \ ^^ twilight.
Without artificial illumination.
Passy; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 5th magnitudes.
Position = 54° 46' nf I 3 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 32O ^ ^ ... , ^
Distance= 2' 37".6i5 | 3 Obs. | DifF. = o".4s65 ^^ twilight.
Without artificial illumination.
Mean Result.
of AB. Position 51° 21' sp (16 Obs.); Epoch 1825.20;
Distance 46".630 (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.22.
of AC Position 54*45' w/(8 Obs.); Distance 2' 38". 162 (8 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.22,
The star C being to the north of A.
No. CCCCLXXX. R. A. 5»» 16- ; Decl. 1° 45' N.
Struve, 177 ; I. 52.
Double; 9th and 12th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 54** Ki' tip 7 Obs. I DifF. =. 6° o' ) t- • 1 j-/p ,
Distance = 2*974 5 Obs. | DifF. = 0^432 ] Excessively difficult.
Observed when 15 minutes west of the meridian. Stars very steady. The de-
position of moisture on the inner and outer surfaces of the object-glass is becoming
troublesome. Thermometer in the observatory stands at 24^ degrees.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars ^ &c, 75.
No. CCCCLXXX. continued.
Passy ; February 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 49° 42' np I 7 Obs. DifF. = 5° 5' 7 Rxcessivelv difficult
Distance = 2".99i ) 5 Obs. DifF. = o".4o8 5 Excessively dimcult.
Whilst making these observations, I did not feel the slightest confidence in their
accuracy ; the smaller star could only be seen by glimpses, and then very indis-
tinctly; indeed this double star, as well as the 53rd of the 1st class (see the fol-
lowing page), would be proper objects for Mr. Herschel's 20-feet reflector.
Passy ; February 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 47° 23' np | 6 Obs. | Diff. = 7° 11'. Excessively difficult.
The night is tolerably good, but no measures of distance can be obtained. The
stars, at the time of observation, were 50 minutes west of the meridian.
The discordance between the first and two subsequent series of observations of
position, is very considerable j it would seem to indicate an error in the measures
obtained on the 6th of January j against them there is however nothing in the shape
of memorandum, to be found in the rough journal ; on the contrary, the night of
January the 6th was one of uncommon fineness. I have tried to re-observe this
star several mornings during the present and the last months, but without success ;
indeed, except the weather is unusually favourable, the star, with my instruments,
can scarcely be recognized as double. Passy, October 22, 1825.
Mean Result.
Position 50° 48' np (20 Obs.) ; Epoch 1S25.08 ;
Distance 2".982 (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.05.
The mean of four angles in 1782 and 1783 gives 51° 47' np
for the position of this star (Sir W. H. MSS.) A measure in
1802 makes it 50° 1' np " very exact." This star then is
liable to no change of position. (H.)
76 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCLXXXI. R. A. 5^ i7" ; Decl. 2** 46' N.
Struve, 180; I. 53.
Double; 8th and 12th magnitudes; small star decidedly
blue, and bears but a very feeble illumination. A star of
the 8th magnitude precedes it to the north.
Passy : January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 45° 28' nf 7 Obs. I DifF. = 6° i' ) Excessively difficult
Distance = f.099 5 Obs. J Diff. = 0^505 § Excessively ditticult.
Observed on the meridian. Night unusually fine. A double star of the 6th class
follows this to the north, but is too faint for measures of accuracy.
Passy ; February 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 37° 10' nf 7 Obs. DifF. = 2°c6M „ . , ..^ ,,
Distance =3".304 ^ 5 Obs. DifF. = o".336p^^«"^^^y ^^^c^^*'
Stars extremely unsteady. On the meridian when observed.
Passy ; February 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 3f 49'-/ 7 Obs. Diff. = 6^ , 7' U^,,,,i,,i difficult.
Distance = 3 .777 5 Obs. Diff. = o .408 > '
Observed when 35 minutes west of the meridian. The small star is decidedly
light blue.
The observations of position of this double star are by no means satisfactory.
The two last sets agree sufficiently well, but differ to an enormous extent with the
first series ; yet the night of the 6th of January was remarkably favourable for de-
licate observations, and there is nothing prejudicial to their accuracy entered in the
rough Journal. I have tried to re-observe this double star during the present au-
tumn, but unfavourable weather has prevented me even from seeing it, as a double
star. Passy; October 22, 1825.
Mean Result,
Position 40° 29' nf(Qi Obs.); Distance 3^393 (i5 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.09.
In 1783 the position v^as 43° 24' nf, and a measure in 1 802
gave 44° 6' nf for the angle, so that no change of conse-
quence can have taken place in this star. ( H. )
and positions of 458 double and triple stars, &c. 77
No. CCCCLXXXII. R. A. 5^ 17" ; Decl. 11° 28' S.
Struve, 179 ; Hist. Gael. 563-
Double; 10th and 10^ magnitudes ; pale; ill defined stars,
bearing scarcely any illumination.
Passy ; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 75° 36' sp\ c Obs. I DifF. = i° n' ) r- ^ , j-n: ^.
Distance = i2".978 ^ | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".sos ] Extremely difficult.
Passy ; January 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth aud 10^ magnitudes.
Position = 76° 12' sp c Obs. I Diff.= 1° 52') ^j ^ , .-n; u
Distance = ii".38s 5 Obs. | Diff.= i".o82l Extremely difficult.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
• lOth and 10 J magnitudes.
Distance = ii".399 I 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".346. Extremely difficult.
The night is remarkably fine.
Mean Result.
Position 75** 54' sp ; Epoch 1825.05 ; Distance ii".392 ;
Epoch 1825.09.
(Rejecting the observations of Distance made January 17th.)
No. CCCCLXXXIII. R. A. 5^ 17" ; Decl. S3° 38' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 7th and 9th magnitudes ; several stars in the field.
Passy ; February 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 30° 58' nf 5 Obs. ! Diff. =: i* i' ) ^..^ ,
Distance = i' 27^77 1 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".0345 ^^"^^ult.
The small star bears a very insufficient illumination.
Passy; February 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9f magnitudes.
Position = 30° 49' nf 5 Obs. I Diff. = o® 40' ) j^-a- u
Distance = i' 27".434 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".s6s > -^^"^cult.
The small star is faint.
Mean Result.
Position so** 53' «/; Distance i' 2 7*. 602; Epoch 1825.11.
78 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCLXXXIV. R. A. 5^ 18™ ; Decl. ss'' ai' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Passy; February 12, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 8o<» 15' */ | 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 35' )
Distance = 59".5 34 j 5 Obs. | DiiF. = o".793 j
A star of the nth magnitude is */ about 38° ±, and distant nearly 2| times as
far^ from the larger of these two stars, as they are from each other. No measures
of it can be procured. Night very fine.
Passy; February 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 79« 47' sf 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 2' |
Distance = 5 8".5 62 5 Obs. | DiiF. = o".962 j
Passy; February 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Distance = ^%".6^6 \ 3 Obs. | Diff. = o".288. Very difficult.
The night is become cloudy; no more observations dan be procured.
Mean Result,
Position 80° 1'^/; Epoch 1825.12 ; Distance 58".955(i30bs.);
Epoch 1825.12.
No. CCCCLXXX V. R. A. 5'' 19"" ; Decl. 29° 24' N. '
Struve, 183; IV. 110.
Double; 7th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; February 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
S Obs. I Diff. = 1° lo' ) __ ^_ .
5 Obs. I Diff. = o".72i \ V^O^ difficult.
Position =82° 10^ np
Distance = i5".26i
Passy; March 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet^ Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes. ■ "'
Position = 81° 34' np \ 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1O27' > ^
Distance = is".63i | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".48i > Extremely difficult.
The small star scarcely bears the most feeble illumination. Night not very
favourable.
and positions of^fSS double and triple stars, ^c, 79
No. CCCCLXXXV. continued.
Mean Result.
Position 81° 52' np ; Distance 15".446 ; Epoch 1825.17.
A measure of the position of this star in 1783 gave
74° 54' np, which differs 6° 58' from the present angle, being
a change of + o°.i7o per annum, a very considerable quantity
for so distant a star. However, the great difficulty of the
measures must make us cautious in ascribing this to a real
motion. The distance presents no sensible alteration. (H.)
No. CCCCLXXXVI. R. A. 5^ 26" ; Decl. 5° 32' S.
6 Orionis ; Struve, 194 ; HI. 1,
Quintuple ; A of the 6th, B the 7th, C 75:, D of the 8th, and
E of the 12th magnitudes. The four first stars form the
Trapezium, in the nebula of Orion.
Measures of A B.
Blackman-street ; December 27, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 40* 16' » j9 j 8 Obs. DifF. = 4° 39' ) „
Distance = 13".293 | 8 Obs. [ Diff. = ©".979 j ^^"^V-
Blackman-street ; December 29, 1823 : Seven-feet Equatorial.
, , , lih and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 40° c' np I 8 Obs. Diff. = 2° 2c' ) tt • r
Distance = iVisi | 3 Obs. Diff. = o''.i92 J Unsatisfactory.
No more observations of distance can be obtained : the night is become cloudy;
indeed whilst those here given were procured, the stars were only visible by glimpses,
and then were very indistinct.
Blackman-street ; December 30, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and Jth magnitudes.
Position = 41" 3' np 6 Obs. J Diff. = 2° 2' ) ^ , , ,
Distance = i3".85i 6 Obs. | Diff. = i".0345 ^^^^^^^^^ steady. ^
80 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCLXXXVI. continued,
Passy ; March 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 7th magnitudes.
DifF. = 1° 8' 7 c^ .
DifF. = o".529r^'^^y-
Position zz 41° 29' np I 5 Obs.
Distance =r 13". 140 j 5 Obs.
Observed when i\ hour west of the meridian; but the night very favourable.
Passy ; March 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 7th magnitudes.
Position = 41° 53' np 5 Obs. DifF. =: o" 54' 1 t , , , .
Distance - i2".849 5 Obs. DifF. = o".74S ] ^o^erauiy steady.
Measures of A C.
Blackman-street ; January 26, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
6th and 7? magnitudes.
Position =s 29* iz' nf\ 5 Obs.
Distance = i3".558 j 5 Obs.
DifF. = 2° 13' ) ,T- u. u
DifF. = o".474l Night hazy.
Blackman-street; January 27, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 300 39' nf
Distance = 14". 2 24
5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 12'. Night unfavourable.
5 Obs. j DifF. = o".i92. Stars very faint.
Passy; March 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
6th and 7i magnitudes.
Position = 29* 35' nf\ 5 Obs, I DifF. == 1° 31' \ ^. ,
Distance = i3".ao2 \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".226 j ^^^^^V-
Observed when if west of the meridian; but the night very favourable.
Passy ; March 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 7th magnitudes.
Position = 30° 1 8' nf
Distances 13". 3 46
DifF. = 2° 15' > T, ^ .,. ,,
DifF. = o".529j^yt^^^^ght.
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Observed without artificial illumination.
Measures of A D.
Blackman-street ; January 26, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
6th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 760 9' w» 1 c Obs. I DifF. = 1° 25' ) xt-^i,* r li
Pistance = 1 7".43o ^ | 5 Obs. j DifF. = o".947 j ^^^ht unfavourable.
and positions of 4fSS double and triple stars, &c. 81
No. CCCCLXXXVI. continued.
Blackman-street ; January 27, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
6th and 8| magnitudes.
Position 1= 72° 49' np
Distance = i6''.465
5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 43' )
5 Obs. I DiiF. = o".986j
Same date ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 75° 33' np { 6 Obs. j DifF. = 2° 8'.
Observed when two hours west of the meridian.
Passy ; March 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 8th magnitudes.
Position =74^* 52' w;' 5 0bs. lDiff. = i°39')y .
Distance = 16". 132 5 Obs. j Diff. = i".io65 ^^^ ^^^^^J"'
Observed when two hours west of the meridian, but under favourable circumstances.
Passy ; March 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 8th magnitudes.
Position =7S; 45' «? 5 Obs. Diff. = 0° 42' | Tolerably steady.
Distance = i6".7 1 3 5 Obs. Diff. = i".oio5 ' '
Measures of A E.
Blackman-street ; December 30, 1823 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 57° 30' nf± ; single observation.
Measures of distance cannot be obtained, for the small star under the slightest
illumination becomes invisible.
Blackman-street; January 26, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
6th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 58° 35 «/± ; single measure.
No observation of distance can be procured.
MDCCCXXVI. m
8i Mr, South's observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCLXXXVI. continued.
Blackman-street ; January 27, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
6tli and I2th magnitudes.
Position =59° 20' nf-±. ; single observation.
The small star will not bear the slightest illumination ; measures of distance •
impracticable.
Passy ; March 18, 1825 j Seven-feet Equatorial.
6\ and 12th magnitudes.
Distance:: 1' 59".309±: | 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".370. Excessively difficult.
The star E is also double of the 5th class ; but its smaller star, which is south
preceding, is so extremely faint, that although the night is unusually fine, I cannot
obtain even approximate measures of it.
Passy ; March 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 12th magnitudes.
Distance = i\^6".g20 ± | 5 Obs. [ DifF. = o".793. Excessively difficult.
Observations liable to some inaccuracy.
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 40° 48' np(s^ Obs.) ; Distance 13".453
(25 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.48.
of AC. Position 29° 56' nf (20 Obs.) ; Distance 13".582
(20 Obs.); Epoch 1824.64.
of AD. Position 75° 3' np (26 Obs.); Distance 16".685
(20 Obs.); Epoch 1824.64.
of AE. Position 58° 28' nf±{s Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.05 ;
Distance 1' 58".ii4±(io Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.21.
In taking the mean, each observation has been allowed
equally good.
and positions 0/4^58 double and triple stars, &c, 85
No. CCCCLXXXVII. R, A. 5^ 26"^ ; Decl. 21° 5S' N.
Struve, 192 ; I. 70.
Double ; 9th and 9-^ magnitudes.
Passy ; December 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 21^ 24' sp 5 Obs. I DifF. =zz° 11' \ p..^. ,.
Distance = 3".i28 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".6oi j ^^^^cuit.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 21; o'sp\6 Obs. Diff. = 60 56' 1 Extremely difficult.
Distances 2 .450 j 5 Obs. Ditf. = o .432 3
?assy ; February 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9| magnitudes.
Position = 220 32' sp I 6 Obs. I DifF. = 3° 32' ) Unsteady
^- Distance = 3".332 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".240 5 ^"steaay.
Measures extremely difficult. Night unfavourable.
Mean Result.
Position 21° 39' sp (17 Obs.) ; Distance 2^.970 (15 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.03.
The position at the Epoch 1782.86 was 36° 24' sp. A
change therefore of +14° 45' has taken place in the angle
of this star, being + o°.35o per annum, direct, or in the
direction sp nf. This is too large a quantity to be attri-
buted to error of observation, and the star therefore in all
probability belongs to the class of binary systems, and should
be carefully watched. (H.)
§4 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCLXXXVIII. R. A. 5^ 26- ; Decl. 5° 34' S.
Seq. i"**- 6 Orionis ; Nova ;
Double ; 6th and 7th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; January 26, 1824; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 2° 3' */ 1 5 Obs. I DifF. = o° 46' ) ,... , , ^ , ,
Distance = s^"'^4 \ 5 Obs. \ Diff. = i'ljA,] ^'^^^ ^^^^ unfavourable.
The first of these stars follows A of 6 Orionis about seven seconds of time, and is
about 1' 32" to the south of it.
Blackman-street ; January 27, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 7th magnitudes.
Position = 1° o' «/ 1 5 Obs. DifF. = o" 3S' )
Distance= 5i".364 I 5 Obs. DifF. = o".962 > -
Passy ; March 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 7th magnitudes.
Distance = 52".409 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".529. Very steady.
Observed by twilight, without artificial illumination.
Mean Result.
(The observations of distance taken January 27, 1824, being
rejected)
Position 1° 46' sf\ Epoch 1824.07 ; Distance 52".4i8 ;
Epoch 1824.64.
Observations to connect this double star with 6 Orionis.
Measures of A of 6, and of A of the following double star.
Passy ; March 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Diff! = o''.6oi } ^^'■y satisfactory.
Position = 43° 32' «/ I 5 Obs.
Distance = 2' i4".90o | 5 Obs.
Observed by daylight, the sun shining.
Passy ; March 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 43° 41' ./ 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 18' ) „ .
Distance = 2' i4".833 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".48i ] ^^^ "^^^^^
Observed by daylight ; observations good.
Mean Result.
Position 43** s6' sf Distance 2' 14^.866 ; Epoch 1825.22.
(The star A of the following double star being to the south of A of fl Orionis.)
and positions of 4:6^ double and triple stars, &c. 85
No. CCCCLXXXIX. R. A. 5^ 26" ; Decl. &> i S.
Prsec. < Orionis ; Nova ;
Double ; 7th and 7-J magnitudes. If < Orionis be brought
into the centre of the field, this double star will be found
in the apparent upper part of it ; a line drawn through the
centres of its two stars will pass to the north of ; Orionis ;
its larger star precedes ; 23 seconds of time, and is about
5^ minutes to the south of it.
Black man-street; January 30, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 49° 21' jp I 5 Obs. | Diff. = i*> 5'. Difficult.
The night is very bad; stars too faint for accurate measures of distance j the
small star of » Orionis is invisible.
Blackman-street ; February 1, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and Jth magnitudes.
Position = 49° V sf\s Obs. DifF. = 0° 53' ) Unsatisfactory
Distance = lf.M% j 5 Obs. DiiF. z= i".oio5 ^nsatisractory.
Stars very unsteady ; night by no means good.
Blackman-street ; February 9, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
6th and 7th magnitudes.
Distance = 36". 338 J 5 Obs. | DifF. =: o".947. Very unsteady.
Passy ; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7 th and 8th magnitudes.
Distance = n".^^\ \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o''.745. Tolerably steady.
Observed by twilight, without artificial illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 49° 11' 5^ ; Epoch 1824.08 ; Distance 37^116
(15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.47.
86 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCXC. R. A. 5^ 27" i Decl. 5° 34' S.
Seq. Q""^"- 0 Orionis ; Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 12th magnitudes. The larger of these stars
, follows the bright star A of 5 Orionis, about 15 seconds
of time, and is about 1' 49" to the south of it.
Passy ; February 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =: 56° 3'*p
Distance rr i' \j".6o()
7 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 40' 7 ^ , ,.^ ,
5 Obs. I DifF. = o".889 j Extremely difficult.
Night clear, but the stars are unsteady.
Passy ; February 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
; 8th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 55° 45' «j9
Distances: 1' 17". 751
5 Obs. \ DifF. = o« 56' ) ^r A-a 1^
5 Obs. I DifF. = i".o82P^'^y d^«^^"l*-
Mean Result.
Position 55° 5Q' sp (12 Obs.); Distance 1' i7".68o ;
Epoch 1825.21.
No. CCCCXCI. R. A. 5*^ 27 ; Decl. 6° 2' S.
« Orionis ; Struve, 195 ; III. 12.
Triple ; large, w^hite ; the small stars, particularly the nearest,
decidedly blue. A of the 4th, B of the 11th or 12th, and
C of the 15th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Blaekman-street ; February 1, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 52° 13' «/ I 14 Obs. DifF. = 7° 30' ) ^ ^ , ,.«. ,,
Distance=i3".5i8 I 6 Obs. DifF. = ;".2o2 J ^^^''""'^^y ^^^^"^^-
Night is clear, but the stars are very unsteady.
and positions of ^B^ double and triple stars, ^c, 87
No. CCCCXCI. continued.
Same date ; Five- feet Equatorial.
Position = 52° n' */| 8 Obs. I Diff. = 3° 37'. Very difficult.
Distances: 10". 867 j 3 Obs. | Diff. = I'.zg^, Extremely difficult.
The night having become hazy, the stars are now remarkably steady. During
the observations of position, the haze took off the flare of the large star, and left
the small one sufficiently distinct under a good illumination ; after however the
position series was procured, a dense fog supervened, the small star became very
indistinct, and shortly was invisible ; on this account, no more measures of distance
could be obtained, and those gotten are deserving of little confidence.
Blackman-street ; February 9, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
4th and 12th magnitudes.
Distance = 1 1".843 | 6 Obs. ] Diff. = o".727.
Passy ; March 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
4th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 50° 49' sf 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 33' ) y „nsatisfactorv
Distance = I2".3i8 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".o58 j ^^^ unsatisfactory.
Stars excessively tremulous.
Passy ; March 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
4th and 1 1th magnitudes.
Position = 52° 7' sf
Distance = 11 ".154
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = 2° 15' I Tj ^ .1- ,^
Diff. = o".62sl^y*^^^^S^^-
The sun in the horizon when these observations w^re commenced. The light blue
colour of the small star is very distinct. No artificial illumination employed.
Measures of A C.
Blackman-street ; February 1, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
4th and 15th magnitudes.
s:it" 1 ;^;;t;i* 1 1 8^:: | si: 1 1;:^, } ^--'-^ ""«-'«•
Measures, particularly of distance, liable to some inaccuracy.
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 51*' 58' sf {3^ Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.82 ;
Distance i2".o85 (25 Obs) ; Epoch 1824.64.
of AC. Position 13° 26' sf± (5 Obs.); Distance 4t^".784
(5 Obs.); Epoch 1824.08.
88 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCXCI. continued.
The positions of B and C respectively in 1781, were
43° 51' sfj and 11'' 19' sf, the former indicating a change of
8® 7', and the latter of only 2'' 7'. The distances have un-
dergone little change.
Here the fixity of the more distant star may be regarded
as affording presumptive evidence of a motion in the nearer
one, and that to a considerable amount (-f o°.202 per annum,
or direct.) This star therefore merits attention. (H.)
No. CCCCXCII. R. A. 5^ 27" ; Decl. so'' 22' N.
26 Aurigse ; Struve, 196 ; III. 64 ;
Double ; 6th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; December 29, 1824 : Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = i°45' sp I 6 Obs. I DifF. = i° 28' 7 ^._ ,
Distance = 12". 265 \ 5 Obs. | DifF. in o".4s6 ] ^i^cult.
After these measures were secured, the position wire was purposely set to zero.
The small star is decidedly above the wire, whilst the larger one remains bisected
by it, during their progress across the field. Night very favourable ; it freezes
slightly.
Passy ; January 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 1° 32' sp 6 Obs. DifF. = 0° 53' \ y difficult
Distance = I2".388 5 Obs. DifF. = o".9i3 ] ^^^^ mmcult.
Mean Result.
Position 1° 38' sp (12 Obs.) ; Distance 12".327 (10 Obs.);
Epoch 1825,03.
In 1783 the position is stated (MSS.)to have been q^ s6' np,
and the distance i3".4i. In 1802 the angle v^as measured at
3° s^' np, but (for reasons assigned), this w^as regarded at the
time as a manifestly false measure, and the small star was
judged to be exactly preceding. The total change of angle is
4° 14', a considerable quantity for mere error of observation
in a star of the 3d class, and which (when the observation
of 1802 is considered ), may lead to a suspicion of a very slow
relative motion. (H.)
and positions q/*458 double and triple stars, C^c. 89
No. CCCCXCIII. R. A. 5^^ 3o™ ; Decl. 0° 15' S.
Nova ;
Two double stars in the field. The preceding is of the
6th class ; the following of the 2nd or 3rd.
The preceding.
Passy ; December 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 70 59' sp I 5 Obs. f DifF. = 0° 48') ^.^ .
Distance = 2' i7".gS2 \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = ©".9865 ^»*cult.
Passy ; January 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =z S° 17' sp \ 3 Obs. J DifF. = 0° 40'. Very difficult.
Night is become cloudy.
Passy; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 0th magnitudes.
Position = 8° ia.' sp I c Obs. DifF. = 0° 24' ) ,. ..^ ,
Distance = 2' i8".6s3 | 5 Obs. DifF. = i".io6§ ^^^ difficult.
The small star is very faint, and bears only the most feeble illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 8° 9' sp (^13 Obs.); Epoch 1825.03 ;
Distance 2' i8".3i7 ; (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.02.
No. CCCCXCIV. R. A. 5^ so" ; Decl. o'' 15' S.
Nova ; sequens No. 493 ;
Double ; 10 and loi magnitudes ; both pale blue, and bear
scarcely any illumination.
Passy ; December 29, 1824 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
Position = 28** 45' np c Obs. I DifF. = 2° 35' ) ^j ^ 1 j-a: 1*
Distance = 1 i'.49i ^ 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".73^ j Extremely difficult.
MDCCcxxvi. n
^\ Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
.8 No. CCCCXCIV. continued.
Passy ; January 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and lOf magnitudes.
Position = a6; 58' np 5 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 27' > Extremely difficult.
Distance = II .555 5 Obs. | Difr. r= o .986 ) '
Neither star bears a good illumination. Night fine.
Mean Result.
Position 27° 51' np ; Distance ii".52s ; Epoch 1825.03.
No. CCCCXCV. R. A. 5*^ 30» ; Decl. 29° 23' N.
Struve, 197 ; Hist. Gael. 260 ;
Double ; 7 and 73- magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; December 22, 1823 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position r= 77° 7' nf
Distance == 26".27o
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
F. = I* o' )
F. = o".758 ]
DifF. = I* o'
DifF.
Passy ; December 22, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7 and 71 magnitudes. , rr
Position = 77° 1 7' nf
Distance = 26".732
5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 53' )
Z = o".i68 5
5 Obs. 1 Diff.
Mean Result.
Position 77° 12' nf'. Distance 26''.5oi ; Epoch 1824.48.
No. CCCCXCVI. R. A. 5^ so™ ; Decl. 15° 15' N.
Struve, 199 ; Hist. Gael. 262 ;
Double ; 8th and loth magnitudes ; small, blue, and bears a
very tolerable illumination.
Passy ; December 10, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 4° 54' np
Distance = ^".j^z
5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 45' ) rs ^u -J-
5 Obs. I Diff. = o".4o8l ^" *^ meridian.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars ^ &c. 91
)330
No. CCCCXCVI. continued.
Passy; January 25, 182-5 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8^ and 9f magnitudes.
Position =: 4° 44' nj? 5 Obs. | DifF. = i° 18' 7
Distances 9".98 3 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".553 3
Mean Result.
Position 4° 49' np ; Distance 9". 867 ; Epoch 1825.00.
No. CCCCXCVII. R. A. 5^ S?"" ; Decl. 4° 20' S.
187 (Bode) Orionis ; Struve, 204 ;
Double; 7th and 12th, or 15th magnitudes; the small star
. . will not bear the least illumination.
Passy ; January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 2° 48' nf I s Obs. I DifF. = 3° 23' } ^ ^ meridian
Distance = 8".o48 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".s29 5 ^" *^^ meridian.
The night is remarkably fine, and the stats are extremely steady; still the mea-
sures of this double star are so excessively difficult, that the observations of it,
although made with every possible care, may be liable to error. To attempt to
measure it, except under the most favourable circumstances, will always be useless.
I had often looked attentively for this small star, both here and in England, fully
persuaded from the authority of Mr. Struve* that it existed ; but till this evening,
it does not appear from my Observatory Journal, that I have eren once suspected
that I saw it.
Passy ; February 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and loth magnitudes.
Position = 3*> 26' nf\ 5 Obs. Diff. = 0° 34' X Excessively d^cult'
Distance = 7^.287 | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".62S j Excessively diflicult.
Night very favourable for delicate observations; still the extreme faintness of
the small star renders the measures open to suspicion.
Mean Results
Position 3° y nf; Distance 7".667 ; Epoch 18^5.06.
• Mr. Struve's ciatalogue tontaihs the {Places of severalJtftire called double by
PiAzzi; in numerous instances however, I am satisfied that Piazzi's instrument
has deceived him.
9i Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. CCCCXCVIII. R. A. p,^ 37" ; Decl. 22° 31' S.
y Leporis ; V. 50.
Double ; 5th and 8th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = y(f 42' «J9 I 5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 41' )
Distance= r 33".i82 I 6 0bs. I>\S. = i".\^^]
Passy ; January 19, 1825 ; Seven- feet Equatorial.
6th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 79<* ^' np 15 Obs.
Distance = i' 34".5S3 \ 5 Obs.
DifF. = 0° 24' )
Diff.z: I ".370)
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 8th magnitudes.
Distance = i' 33".928 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".745
Mean Result.
Position 79° 25' np (lo Obs.); Epoch 1825.03 ;
Distance 1' 33".844 (16 Obs.); Epoch 1825.05.
Sir W. Herschel has no measures of this star, and there
is even a doubt of its identity with V. 50. (H.)
No. CCCCXCIX. R. A. 5^ sS'" ; Decl. 6" 23' N.
52 Orionis ; Struve, 207 ; I. 20.
Double ; equal ; each of the 8th magnitude.
Blackman-street ; March 6, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 68"> 25' sp or «/ 1 5 Obs. DifF. = 2° 49' |
Distance = i".65 1 j 2 Obs. DifF. = o".474j
Blackman-street ; March 12, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of the 8th magnitude.
Position =70° 13' 50 or 7*/" c Obs. DifF. = «• 6' ) ,,
Distance = i".655 5 Obs. DifF. =z o".569 \ ^^^ unsteady.
These stars are separated with 133, but are best observed with 303 ; the night is
very clear.
and positions 0/4.68 double and triple stars, ^c, 93
No. CCCCXCIX. continued.
Mean Result.
Position 69° 19' sp or nf; Distance i".654 ; Epoch 1824.18.
This star has not undergone the slightest change. In
1781 its position was 69° 4i' ^^ ; in 1802 it was 69^ 57* sp;
and its distance appears in hke manner to remain perfectly
unaltered. (H.)
No. D. R. A. 5^ 38"" ; Decl. 32° 66^ N.
' Struve, 206; Hist. Gael. 209 ;
Double; 9th and 10th magnitudes.
, . Passy ; Jauuary 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
< {■
Position = 1° 19' nf[ 5 Obs. 1 Diff. =0048' ) j^.^^^^^^
Distance = 58".738 \ 5 Obs. ) DifF. = o '.817 )
Passy ; January 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =0*" 58' n/
Distance = 59".856
^nMn-ff^'^^/! Difficult.
5 Obs. 1 Dm. = o".529 5
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 1° i' «/| 5 Obs.
= 59".786 1 ■
S?£- = °:r'l Difficult.
Diff. = o".577>
rM**
Distance =: 59".786 | 5 Obs.
Mean Result.
Position 1° 6' nf {15 Obs.) ; Distance 59". 46o ; (15 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.06.
^4l Mr, SouTH*s observations of the apparent distances
No. DI. R. A. 5*^40'; Decl. 8° 28' S.
Nova.;
Double; 7th and 11th magnitudes. j r.ojjir .
{\{ .'.j-offi^ssy ; March 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 87° 34' «p 5 Obs. (DifF. = i°47') „ ^ , ,._ ,-,10^1
Distance = 2i".387± (single observation) J ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^1**. ..
The night is become very bad j no more measures can be gotten ; and the accuracy
of these perhaps may be called in question.
Passy; March 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 12th magnitudes.
Position =88° i8' sp
Distance z= 21". 615 ±
5 Obs.
3 pbs.
DifF. =o°46' ) „ •,..«:,
DiiF. = I ".202 \ Excessively difficult.
The small star will scarcely bear the slightest illumination.
.^^huiit^gs.rli mot I^ffK liij : iiMjjoG
Mean Result.
Position 87° 54' sp (10 Obs.); Distance 2i".558 ± (4 Obs.) ;
.;.;;l EpQch, 182^^.1 8. ^ . ,
No. Dir. R. A. 5^ 45" ; D^cl. is'' 50'' N.
Struve, 210: Hist. C«l. 313.
VJHn
Uouble; 8tH and 9th magnitudes. ^
Passy; January 6, 1825; Seven -feet Equatorial.
Position = 39° 14' sf\ 5 Obs. [ DifF. = o<» 39' 7
Distance ==45". 1 71 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".577 j
Passy ; January 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8th magnitudes.
to'
Position =: 39° 7' sf
Distance = 45". 878
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. r= 2° 8' >
DifF. = o".865 5
Mean Result,
Position 39' 10' sf'. Distance 45".524 ; Epoch 1825.03.
and positions 0/4,58 double dnd triple stars, Qc." ' 9^
Nova ; r rr
•'lot f)f ('n'.Q
Double ; 7th and 9th magnitudes ; a star C of the 8th* mag-
nitude precedes it to the north.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; January 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 43° p' sf j Obs. f Diff. =±i^^'i '-'- '
Distance = 39".68o 5 Obs. j Diff. 2= 2".i'ii 5
Passy ; Februaiy 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 44° 42' sfl 5 Obs. | Diff. = 1* 13* f
Distance =:4o".2 1 2 | 5 Obs. | Diff. =:o".962 ] •
The small star is certainly blue.
Measures of A C.
Passy; January 19, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial'
7th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 67° 13' n;> 1 3 Obs. j Diff. = 0° 22'. . . ,'\
Passy ; February 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7 th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 67O 19' n;, I 5 Obs. I Diff. = o** 43' )
Distance = 3' 2i".7i2 | 5 Obs. | Diffl = I'.ijo j
Passy; March 26, 1825; Seven-feet EqiatoriaL
7th and 8th magnitudes.
Distance = 3'2i".8i7l5Pbs. jDiff.= i".o82
.\MednJihsult,
of AB. Position 44^*9'^/; Distance 39^946 ; Epoch 1825.07;
of AC. Position 67° 17' np (8 Obs.) : Epoch 1825.07;
Distance 3' 21^764 ; Epoch 1825.16.
96 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
NP: DIV. R. A. 5^ 51" ; Decl. 20° , ipf S^-^
Struve, 215 ; Hist. Csel. 319.
Double ; equal; each of the 10th magnitude.
Passy; January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
'.jvJL
Position n 12° 22' * JO or nf
Distance = 5".253
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff! = o".962 I Excessively difficult.
These are pale, ill defined stars, bearing neither illumination nor magnifying
power : till now I have only seen it as a single star : finding the measures difficult
with 179, 1 tried 105; but although the stars were then distinctly separated, the
instant sufficient light was admitted to render the micrometer wires perceptible,
both stars became invisible. The measures (perhaps little better than cautious
estimations) were gotten with the ordinary power of 179. The night is particu-
larly favourable.
I have tried to re-measure this double star several times ; but although the wea-
ther has occasionally been very fine, I have not succeeded in seeing it double.
Passy ; April 30, 1825.
No. DV. R. A. 5^ 58"^ ; Decl. 14° 2'N.
Nova ; in the field with Nos. 506 and 507 ;
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes,
Passy ; January 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 85° 19' nf\ c Obs. DifF. = f lo' ) „ ,.0- ,.
Distance = 2;".23 1 | J Obs. DifF. = o".889 \ ^^'^ ^'^^"^^•
Passy; February 4, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
93 and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 84® 9' n/ 1 5 Obs.
Distance =: 25".092 | 5 Obs.
DifF!=:i".793 } Very difficult.
Passy ; March 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Position = 82° 58' n/j c Obs. I DifF. = i® %g' 1 „ ,.- ,
Distance = z^'.66^ | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".8o3 | ^^^^ ^^"""^^
Observed when 2f hours west of the meridian. ^ n'-i .''
Mean Result.
Position 84'' 9' nf ( 15 Obs. ) ; Distance 24''.662 (15 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.13.
and positions of 4}SS double and triple stars, &c. 97
^Tf-r
No. DVI. R. A. 5^ 59" ; Decl. 14° o' N.
Nova;
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position r: 19° 53' sf I 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = 2° 53' ) j.g. ,
Distance =2".202 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o'^jOg] ^"^c"^'^-
Night remarkably fine ; but the moisture deposited on the object-glass is sadly
troublesome : it is absolutely necessary to remove it every three or four minutes
for the purpose of wiping it.
Passy ; February 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 190 14'^/ 1 5 Obs. I DifF. = i° 46' ) difficult
Distance = 2".928 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".336 5 ^™cmt.
Passy ; March 10, 1825 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R. A. of the larger star = ^^ 58' ^6".S6.
Passy ; March 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Distance = 3". 120 1 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".456. Difficult.
Observed when two hours west of the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 19° 3s' 5/(10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.09;
Distance 2^.750 (15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.12.
No. DVIL R. A. 5^ 59" ; Decl. 14° o' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 9 J magnitudes. The larger of these stars
follows the double star, No. 506, two or three seconds of
time, and is about 14 seconds to the south of it.
Passy; January 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 470 24' 5 j7 I 5 Obs. j DifF. = i° 59' 1
Distance = 39".3 3 1 j 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".9i3 5
MDCCCXXVI. 0
98' Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DVII. continued,
Passy; February 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9| magnitudes.
Position =47° 43'«J9 j 5 Obs. J DifF. = i° 22' )
Distance = 4o".o62 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".443 > • • • •
Mean Result.
Position 47° 3S' sp ; Distance 39".696 ; Epoch 1825.08.
No. DVIII. R. A. 6^ o" ; Decl. 2° 32' N.
Struve, 216 ;
Double ; 7th and 8th magnitudes.
Passy ; December 5, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 22° 21' sf\ 5 Obs.
Distance = 28''.377 | 5 Obs.
DifF. = 0° 40' )
DifF. = o".9i35
Passy; December 10, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7| and 8th magnitudes.
Position =: 22° 57' ,s/ 1 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 53' )
Distance = 2^' -991 \ 5 Ohs. J Diff. = o".72i | • • • •
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7J and 8th magnitudes.
Distance = 29". 187 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".577.
Measures of a distant star of the 12th magnitude.
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 16° 28' sf 1 Single observation 7 ppQ-t. ,0 c qq
Distance = 2' I ".060 J Single observation j " 5-9
Mean Result.
Position 22° 39' sJ(io Obs.); Epoch 1824.94 ;
Distance 29". 18 7 (15 Obs.); Epoch 1824.99-
and positions of 4f5S double and triple stars , &c. 99
No. DIX. R. A. 6^ 4™ ; Decl. 14° sC' N.
Nova; sp No. 510 ;
Double; 7th and 7^ magnitudes.
Passy ; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 71° 58' *;> I 5 Obs. I Diff.
Distance = 2' 49".i46 | 5 Obs. | Diff.
Position = 71° 58' sp I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 37' 7
;=i".io6| • • • •
Passy ; February 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8f magnitudes.
Position =71° 57' sp
Distance = 2' 48 ".7 3 2
S Obs. I Diff. =o»2i' }
5 Obs. j Diff. = i".298
Mean Result.
Position 71° 57' sp ; Distance 2' 48".9S9 ; Epoch 1825.06.
No. DX. R. A. 6^ 4" ; Decl. 14° 32' N.
Struve, 219 ; Hist. Casl. 313.
Triple ; A of the 8J-, B 9th, and C of the 12th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; December 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 6° 20' 5p I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 29' 1
Distance = 5^922 | 5 Obs. | Diff. =o^553 j"
South preceding this star, in the field with it, is a double star of the 6th class ;
and north following also a triple star of the 5th and 6th classes : they may be mea-
sured when the weather is favourable.
Passy; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial. *
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position =: y° 6' sp
Distance = 5".939
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = i°36')
Diff. =o".4565
loo Mr, South* s observations of the apparent distances
No. DX. continued.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; December 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8 J and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 64° 44.' nf I 5 Obs. I DifF. = o° 25' 7 y difficult.
Distance = i' ^f-siZ I 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = i".6ii } ^^^ aimcuu.
Passy ; March 30, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 640 41' nf 3 Obs. 1 Diff. = o^ 31' \ Extremely difficult.
Distance= i 48 .457 3 Obs. | Diff. =0 .5053 ^
Observed when 2 j hours west of the meridian.
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 6° 43' sp ; Distance 5".930 ; Epoch 1825.02 ;
of A C. Position 64° 43' nf{S Obs.) ; Distance 1' 47".879
(8 Obs.); Epoch 1825.12.
No. DXL R. A. 6^ 4™ ; Decl. 36° 12' N.
Struve, 218; Hist. Csel. 315.
Double ; 7|- and 8th magnitudes.
Passy ; December 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 54° 55' sp i 5 Obs. I Diff. = i** 31' )
Distances 1 1".99 1 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".625 j
Passy ; December 31, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8f magnitudes.
Position = 53° 31' «P I 5 Obs. 1 Diff. = i** 15' | ,, „, 4.r»«,„i«„c
• Distance = ?i".3i8 "^ | 5 Obs. 1 Diff. = d'.s^s] ^^"^ tremulous.
Stars only visible by glimpses. Cloudy.
Mean Result.
Position 54° 13' sp; Distance ii".654 ; Epoch 1825.00.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars y &c, idl
No. DXII. R. A. 6^ 7" ; Decl. 47** n' N.
Struve, 220 ; Hist. Csel. 383.
Double ; 9^ and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 0° 39' «p I 5 Obs. I DifF. = i° lo' ) -n:*-,,!*.
Distances 8".374 I 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".37oi ^^^^^*-
Passy ; January 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 10| magnitudes.
Position =o° 2z' sp\ c Obs. 1 Diff. = o° 40' | ,r ^ A;a:^,-,u
Distance = 8".io3 j 5 Obs. | Diff. = C.^Szl ^^^ '^^®^"^*-
These stars are so extremely obscure, that the observations of distance may be
liable to some error.
Mean Result.
Position 0° 32' sp ; Distance 8".2s8 ; Epoch 1825.03.
No. DXIII. R. A. 6^ 11" ; Decl. 21° 14' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 9^ magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy; February 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position := 1 2° 47' s p
Distance =: 5 9'. 3 22
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = o" s6' I difficult.
Diff. =: o".937
The small star does not bear a good illumination.
Passy ; February 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = i»«> 53' « o I s Obs. Diff. = i° 37' ) t^.^. ,,
.Distance = 58".505 "^ | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".;8i j ^^^^"^^-
Small star very faint.
Mean Result.
Position 12° 50' sp ; Distance 5^" -91 3 ; Epoch 1825.11.
102 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DXIV. R. A. 6^1*° ; Decl. 58° 30' N.
5 Lyncis ; Struve, 221 ; VI. 102.
Double ; 6th and 9th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; January 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 2° ^' np I 5 Obs.
Distance = i' ^6".6j^o J 5 Obs.
DifF. =o®5i' )
DiflF. = o".74S )
Passy; February 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 2° g' np j 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 27' 7
Distance = I' 34".3 83 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".37o j
Passy ; February 6, 1825 ; Seven- feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes.
Distance =: 1' 35'.3i2 | 5 Obs. j DifF. =: o".';g^.
Mean Result.
Position 2° 7' np (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.05 ;
Distance 1' 35".445 (i5 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.06.
The position of 1783 was 2° o' np, so that this star ap-
pears perfectly unchanged in this respect. As for the distance,
nothing can be concluded for reasons already stated. (H.)
No. DXV. R. A. 6^ 12"^ ; Decl. 26° 47' N.
Nova ;
Double; 9th and 9|- magnitudes; bear but a feeble illumination.
Passy ; February 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 78° 36' np I 5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 19' )
DifF. = o".793i
Difficult.
Distance = i8".86o | 5 Obs.
Passy; February 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9| magnitudes.
Position = 78° 4s'«i> I 5 Obs. I DifF.= 1° 45' I Verv difficult
Distance = 19".! 39 | 5 Obs. | DifF.= o".72i > ^^^ diHicult.
Mean Result.
Position 78° 40' np ; Distance 18^.999 ; Epoch 1825.13,
and positions of ^^8 double and triple stars y ^c. 103
No. DXVI. R. A. 6^ 12^ ; Decl. 34° 53' S.
Nova;
Double ; 8^ and 9^ magnitudes ; a star C of the 6th mag-
nitude precedes A to the south.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; March 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 87° 2' nf
Distance = i' 6'.404
Obs. I DifF. = 0° 57' ) T^-ffi u
Obs. |DifF. = I".o82l^^®*^^^*•
Passy; March 10, 1825 ; Seven- feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Obs. I DifF. = 0° S3' 1 r <- 1 j-a: u
Obs. I DifF. = o".72 1 i Extremely difficult.
The small star bears but the most feeble illumination.
Position = 87° 9' nf
Distances: i' 6". 139
Measures of A C.
8^ and 6th magnitudes.
Passy ; March 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Distance =: 27° 57' sp. Single Observation.
Passy ; March 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 27° 39' sp I 3 Obs. I DifF. = 0® 14' )
Distance = 5' o".o48 | 3 Obs. | DifF. = i".659 > * *
Passy ; March 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Distance = 4' 59".902 | 3 Obs. | Diff. = i".i78. By twilight.
Observed without artificial illumination.
Mean Result.
Of A B. Position 87° 5' nf; Distance 1' 6".2yi ;
Epoch 1825.18.
Of A C. Position 27° 43' sp (4 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.18 ;
Distance 4' 69" -91 5 (^ Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.21.
104 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DXVII. R. A. 6^ 14- ; Decl. i6° 32' S.
Nova;
Double; 10 and io|- magnitudes.
Passy ; February 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =: 77° 17' sp \ 5 Obs.
Distance =: 2i".y/^S j 5 Obs.
Diff. = 2°24'|^^^j.^^^j^^
Diff. = i".707
Neither star bears sufficient illumination ; I rather suspect the accuracy of the
distance.
Passy ; March 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal; each of the 11th magnitude.
Diff! = l°'.f62 } Extremely difficult.
Position = 78° S* s p or nf\ 5 Obs
Distance = 23". 91 2 j 5 Obs
Mean Result,
Position 77° 42' sp or nf; Distance 23".830 ; Epoch 1825.16.
No. DXVIII. R. A. 6^ 16"^ ; Decl. 16° 8' S.
Struve, 223 ; Hist. Gael. 323 ;
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =1 o** 40' nf I c Obs. I Diff. = 1° 47' ) ,, ,.a- ,,
Distance = 1 5^462"^ | 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".o82l ^^^^ difficult.
The small star bears only a very feeble illumination.
Passy ; January 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 0° 16' nf
Distances: is"-739
5 9MPiff- = o°39;|v,^diffieult.
5 Obs. 1 Diff. =o".769
A double star of the 5th class is also in the field sp, but it is unmeasurable with
this instrument. Night fine.
Mean Result.
Position 0° 28' nf; Distance 15^600 ; Epoch 1825.03.
and positions of4<5S double and triple stars, ^c. 105
No. DXIX. R. A. 6^^ 19" ; Decl. 52° 35' N.
229 (Bode) Aurigas ; Hist. Csel. 375 ; Struve, 226.
Double; 8th and 10th magnitudes. The small star bears a
very good illumination.
Passy ; February 8, 1825 ; Seven feet Equatorial.
Distance = 5".iSo [ 5 Obs, | DifF. = o".2i6.
i HV ^^ Passy; March 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
^' ' ' ' ^ V g^j^ ^^^ jQ^j^ magnitudes.
Position = 48° 54' «p I 5 Obs.
Distances 5". 162 | 5 Obs.
Dlff: = o°/6^o} Very difficult.
One third, perhaps one half, of the object-glass is not in use, through the interference
of the timbers of the Observatory.
Passy ; March 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 49* 58' np
Distance = 5 ".357
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 3° 15' I -n-n: ,.
Mean Result.
Position 49** 26' up; Epoch 1825.16; Distance 5".223
(15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.17.
No. DXX. R. A. 6^ 19" ; Decl. 5° 24' N.
Struve, 225 ; II. 89.
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue ; and bears
but the slightest illumination.
Passy : January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 50° 8' n/ I 7 Obs. I DifF. = 4° 48' > „ ^ A\ai^„u
Distance= 6".8i i | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o" Xs^ ] ^^^7 difficult.
Passy ; January 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and lOth magnitudes.
Position = sf 47' «/ 1 7 Obs. I DifF.rr 4° 45' 7 Extremely difficult
Distance=7". 117 | 5 Obs. | DiflF.= 0^.3 1 2 5 ^^tremeiy mmcuit.
The dew deposited on the object-glass is excessively troublesome.
MDCCCXXVI. p
106 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DXX. continued.
Mean Result.
Position 50« 27^ »/(i4 Obs.); Distance 6".964 (10 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.04.
This star offers not the slightest ground for presumption
of a change, the position in 1784 having been 50° 51' nf, and
the distance (from the estimation in diameters) about 7". (H.)
No. DXXL- c R. A. 6^ 22" ; Decl. 38° 40' N.
Struve, 232 ; Hist. Csel. 208.
Double; 9th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 42° 8' sf
Distance = 3".200
8 Obs. i DifF. = 3° 48' ) ^ , , ,.0- ,,
5 Obs. I DifF. = o".697 ] Extremely difficult.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 43° 44' */ 1 8 Obs. DifF. = 2° 30' 7 ..g. ,
Distance = 4".027 | 5 Obs. DifF. = 0^529 | ^^^y difficult.
Stars admirably defined, and are as steady as possible.
Mean Result.
Position 42" 56^ sf {16 Obs.) ; Distance 3". 61 3 ;
Epoch 1825.05.
No. DXXII. R. A. 6^ 22" ; Decl. 5"* 5S' N.
Struve, 231 ; III. 75.
Double ; 8th and 12th magnitudes ; small, blue, and scarcely
■ — • bears the least illumination.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
c Obs. I DifF. = 3° 45' 7 17 ^ 1 j'm 1
5 Obs. I DifF. = o".6oi i Extremely difficult.
Position = 14° 24' np
Distance = io".586
and positions of 4}58 double and triple stars, &c. 107
No. DXXII. continued.
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and ioth magnitudes.
Position = 16° 27' np I 5 Obs. I Diff. = i° 26' J y ^j^ j
Distance = 10 '.962 .| 5 Obs. | Dift. z= o".3i2 S ^
The small star is decidedly blue, and bears only a very feeble illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 15"* 25' np ; Distance io".774 ; Epoch 1825.04.
Sir W. Herschel has no measures of this star. (H.)
No. DXXIII. R. A. 6^22"; Decl. 11° 22' N.
145, 2 ; or Nova }
Double ; 7th and 12th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 85<»24'n/ 5 Obs. I Diff. = i°i6' | ^ . , ,.« ,^
Distance = i6".668 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".io6 J Excessively difficult.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7 th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 8c» 2' «/ c Obs, I Diff.= i°4c' 7 ,, ^ , ..-. ,^
Distance = if. 097 5 Obs. \ Diff. = 0"% \ ^^^'^"^^^V ^«=«^'^-
Mean Result.
Position 85° is' nf; Distance i6*.882 ; Epoch 1825.09.
No. DXXIV. R, A. 6^ 23" ; Decl. 22^ 15' N.
Struve, 233 ; Mayer ;
Triple ; A 7th, B 7j, and C of the 12th or 15th magnitudes.
Measures of AB.
Passy ; December 5, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 27° 14' sp | 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 40' )
Distance = SS'-^S^ I 5 Obs. | Diff. = ©'.793 >
io8 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DXXIV. continued.
Passy ; December 31, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8 J magnitudes.
Position = 27° lo' sv\ c Obs. I DifF. = o° 56' ) „! j c j j ^ j
Distance = sz".784 ^ | 5 Obs. I DifF.= i".539 J ^ defined, and unsteady.
Passy; January 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 7f magnitudes.
i''^^ J Distance = 53".oo8 j 5 Obs. I DifF. = o".793
Passy ; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 81 magnitudes.
Position = 270 8' *p I 5 Obs. DifF. = 1° 36' 7 „ , ,
Distance = 54".o38 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".432 ] ^^^ ^"^^
Night very unfavourable j of A C no measures can be procured.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; December 5, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 12th, or 15th magnitudes.
Position = 59° 39' sf I 2 Obs I DifF. = 0° 18' i ^xcessivelv difficult
Distance = 1' 46".s 1 1 ± single observation ] Excessively aimcuit.
The star C bears no illumination : the distance is little better than conjecture.
Mean Result.
of AB. Position 27° 11' sp (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.99 ;
Distance 53".28o (20 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.00.
of AC. Position 59° 39' sf; Distance 1' 46".5H ;
Epoch 1824.93.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, ^c. 109
No. DXXV. R. A. 6^ 24°^ ; Decl. 41' 15' N.
145, 60 ; or Nova ?
Double; 10th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = \6° 2g' nf
Distance = z^'.J^J
5 Sk'- I S-5= '°y \ Extremely difficult.
5 Obs. I DifF. = o*.745 ) ^
Passy ; February 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 11th magnitudes.
c Obs. DifF. = o° 46' ) „ ^ , ..^ ,^
5 Obs. Diff. = o".456 J Extremely difficult.
Position =15° 36' nf
Distances: 26*. 106
Passy ; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 16° 26' nf\ 5 Obs. j Diff. = 1° 18' Extremely difficult.
Distance = 25".86i j 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".793 3 '
Mean Result.
Position 16° 10' nf (15 Obs.); Distance 25". 6^6 (i5 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.14,
The measures of distance do not accord so v^ell as might
be wished ; still the observations are so very difficult, that I
scarcely dare to reject those of February 5.
No. PXXVI. R. A. 6h 26- ; Decl. 41° 43' N.
Struve, 234 ; I. 84.
A very close double star; 9th and 10th magnitudes. A
power of 303 with the Five-feet Equatorial distinctly
separates the two stars, and 133 shows it double : it is ex-
cessively difficult to measure ; bears magnifying but badly ;
and although the night is tolerably fine, is unmeasurable
with the Five-feet.
Blackman-street ; January 31, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
Position = 3** co' nf\ c Obs. Diff. = i«> 30' ) ,, . , ..^ ,^
Distance = I".82o "^ | 3 Obs. | Diff. = o".48i } $^c«sively difficult.
Position r: 5° 26' nf
Position := 50 41' w/
Distance r: i".570
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
1 10 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DXXVI. continued.
Passy ; Februaiy 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
DifF. =: 4° 42' With power 273
These stars are of a light blue colour ; they are very close, bear but very little
illumination, and are not well defined under sufficient magnifying power, to separate
their discs completely from each other. The first set of angles taken this evening
were gotten with 273, but the attempt to observe the distances with that power, was
altogether ineffectual. The night is very favourable.
Mean Result.
Position 4° 59' nf (15 Obs.) ; Distance i".664 (8 Obs) ;
Epoch 1824.58.
At the Epoch 1783.25 the position of this star was found
14" o' nf. The change in 41.23 years amounts to 9° 1', being
at the rate of + o°.2 19 direct, or in the direction nf sp. This
change is too great to arise from mere error of observation ;
so that there is considerable probabiHty of this turning out a
binary star, and it ought therefore to be kept in view. (H.)
• No. DXXVII. R. A. 6^ 27'" ; Decl. 23° 19' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9^ and 10th magnitudes, and bear but a very feeble
illumination.
Passy; February 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 68° 2' sf
Distance ::= iS"«95*
5 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 52' 7 ,r _ ,.«: 1^
5 Obs. I DifF. = o".769 j V^^ d^^^^l^-
Passy ; February 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
10th and 10| magnitudes.
Night hazy.
Mean Result.
Position 67° 48" sf; Distance 15".905; Epoch 1825.12.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, &c. 111
No. DXXVIII. R. A. 6^ sS"^ ; Decl. 31° 44' N.
Nova;
Double ; 8th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; February 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position zz 6^° \o' nf c Obs. I DifF. = i° 52' 7t? • 1 j-n: 1*
Distance = h\'.t^% 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".649 f Excessively difficult.
5
5
The accuracy of the observations is somewhat questionable.
Passy ; March 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 1th, or 12th magnitudes.
Position = 640 29' „/| 5 Obs I DifF. = 0° 52' 7 Excessively difficult.
Distances 1 19 .735 ±: single observation 3 '
The small star is so extremely obscure, that the distance here given may be liable
to an error of five, or even six seconds.
Mean Result.
Position 64** 4' nf'. Distance i' 2o".69i ± ; Epoch 1825.17.
No. DXXIX. R. A. 6^ 28™ ; Decl. 12° 23' N.
Nova ;
Triple ; A of the 7th, B of the 9th, and C of the 8th
magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; February 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 72° 48' sf I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 57' 7
Distances 1' 32". 329 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".5is 3 * *
Passy ; February 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes-
Position =: 73° 5' sf
5 Obs. I DifF. = 00 53'
Distance = i'" 3 r".66 1 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".i5o5 ? • • •
Measures of A C.
Passy; February 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 80" 36' */| 5 Obs. I DifF. r: o» 51' 7
Distance = 3' 8".o79 | 5 Obs. [ DifF. = i".346 J * * *
112 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. D XXIX. continued.
Passy ; February 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Position = 8o° 55' */
Distance = 3' 7".747
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 0° 51' )
DifF. = i".o58 3
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 72° 56' sf\ Distance 1' 3i"-995 ;
of A C. Position 80** 45' •?/; Distance 3' 7".9i3 ;
Epoch 1825.12.
No. DXXX. R. A. 6^ 29°" ; Decl. 59° sY N.
Struve, 238 ;
Double ; 9th and 1 2th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 47° 6' sf
Distance = 3".436
6 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff! = ©".529 5 Extremely difficult.
Passy ; February 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 12th magnitudes.
The small star is blue, and will scarcely admit of the least illumination.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 46° S^'sf S Obs. Diff. = 1° 38' | yery difficult.
Distance == 4 .123 5 Obs. DifF. z= o".33o j '
Stars extremely well defined, and are unusually steady.
Mean Result.
Position 46° 48' 5/(17 Obs.) ; Distance 4".o63 (15 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.07.
and positions of 458 double and triple stars y &c. 113
No. DXXXI. R. A. 6^ ss"" ; Decl. 55'' 54' N.
Struve, 243 ; 11- 72 ;
Double ; 8th and 8 J magnitudes.
Black man-street ; February 2, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = ,00 IS' nf I 5 Obs. Diff. =: i; 59' ) Satisfactory.
Distance = 4 .832 | 5 Obs. Diff. = 1.105)
Stars admirably defined, and as steady as possible. Night still very hazy.
Passy ; January 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8f magnitudes.
Position s=: 1 2° 1 3' n/
Distance = 4". 178
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
iff = o" ^^'el ^^Slit unfavourable.
Diff. =
Diff.
Passy ; Februaiy 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8? magnitudes.
Position = 10° 23' nf 5 Obs. ( Diff. = 2° 1/ ^
Distance = 4".546
5 Obs. I Diff. = o'.3845
Mean Result.
Position 10** 57' nf(i5 Obs.); Distance 4".5i9 (i5 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1824.74.
There is no change in this star in position, as a measure
taken in 1782 makes it 11° o' sp or nf. The distance is only
estimated in diameters. (H.)
No. D XXXII. R. A. 6^ 33" ; Decl. f 49' S.
Struve, 241 ; Hist. Csel. 267.
Double; 10th and 11th magnitudes ; pale; ill defined stars,
scarcely bearing the least illumination.
Passy ; December 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 79: ^9'^P 6 Obs. I Diff. = 3° 5f' I Excessively difficult.
Distance = 12 .731 S Obs. | Diff. = o .913 j ^
Great confidence must not be placed in the accuracy of these observations : the
morning however is extremely favourable.
MDCCCXXVI. q
1 14 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. D XXXII. continued.
Passy ; January 25, 1825 : Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 10|^ magnitudes.
Position = 79° 48' sp I 6 Obs. DifF. =: 2«» 48' ) t7^.„^„i„ j;fl:^„u
Distance= i2".484 ^ | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".]o5 \ Extremely difficult.
Night remarkably fine.
Mean Result.
Position 79° 49' sp (12 obs.) ; Distance i2".6o7 (10 obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.03.
No. DXXXIII. R. A. 6^ 33"^ ; Decl. 25° 18' N.
6 Geminorum ; Struve, 242 ; VI. 73.
Double; 4th and 10th magnitudes; small, blue; and does
not bear a good illumination.
Passy ; I>ecember 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 3° 51' «/ Is Obs. I DifF. = o® 40' \ ,. „, A\tfin»\*
Distance = i' 5 1".788 \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = i" gz^ \ ^^^ ^^®*^"^**
Passy ; February 6, 1825 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
4th and 11th magnitudes.
Position =3 3^ 33' sf I 5 Obs. j DifF. = 0° 19' ) ,,_, j;fl:„,u
Distance = V l\".^6e \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = o'.sji ] ^^ ^^^^^•
Mean Result.
Position 3** 42' sf\ Distance 1' 51" -577 ; Epoch 1825.04.
Sir W. Herschel has given no measures of position for this
star. The distance appears to have undergone no change. (H.)
No. DXXXIV. R. A. 6^ 36°^ ; Decl. 22° 15' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; February 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =5 50 46' 5/ I 5 Obs. DiflF. = 2° 16' 7^^ • 1 j-o: 1*
Distance = i8".404 | 5 Obs. Difi^. = i".i54 j Excessively difficult.
Night hazy, and stars very unsteady.
and positions of ^s^ double and triple stars y &c. 115
No. D XXXIV. continued.
Passy ; March 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 0th magnitudes.
ion =520 58' ./ I 5 Obs. I Diff.=4° 47' \ Excessively difficult.
,nce=i8.ioo | 5 Obs. | Diff.=o'.72i 5
Observed when 1 1 hour west of the meridian.
Position =
Distance
Passy ; March 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =53° 30' sf I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 20' 1 Extremely difficult
Position =53« lo'sf \ 5 Obs. | Diflr.=2".36 ] ^^"^emeiy mmcuit.
The first set was observed by twilight, without artificial illumination ; the st^rs
being 40 minutes west of the meridian ; the last by the aid of the lamp, when
70 minutes west of it.
Mean Result,
(The angles taken on February 17 being rejected)
Position 53^13' sf', (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.23 ;
Distance 18^252 ; Epoch 1825.17.
No. DXXXV. R. A. e** 40- ; Decl. 75' So' N.
Struve, 247 ; Hist. Casl. 365 ;
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position ^66° H'n/I 5 Obs. Diff. = 1° 13' ) „ .._ ,,
Distance = iz". 6^s \ 5 Obs. DifF. = o".48i } ^^^ *^*<^^^-
Passy ; February 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =65® 21' nf\ 5 Obs. Difi^. =1° 23' )
Distances 1 2".44i | 5 Obs. Difi^. =0". 697 j
Mean Result.
Position 65"" 47' «/; Distance 12".538 ; Epoch 1825.05.
116 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. D XXXVI. R. A. 6^ 41" ; Decl. 39° 5' N.
59 Aurigse ; Struve, 248 ; IV. 102.
Double; 6th and 15th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =48° ig' sp c Obs. Diff. = i° 30' ) ^j „ . , ,.«- ,^
Distance = t i".6?i ^ 5 Obs. Diflr. = ,".082 \ Expressively difficult.
The small star is a mere point, and will not bear any illumination ; the night is
now tolerably good.
In 1783, the measures were 50° 3' npy and 23" -50 ; so that
this star has undergone no material change. ( H.)
No. DXXXVII. R. A. 6^ 42" ; Decl. 23° 55' S.
Nova;
Double ; 7th and 11th magnitudes; small, blue.
Passy ; February 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 1 1° 54' n jo
Distance = 30". 908
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff: = I''.os8}^^^^^<="^*-
Passy ; March 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 11° 49' np
Distance = 29".873
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff! = o°.865 } Extremely difficult.
Passy ; March 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 11th magnitudes.
Distance = 30*. 134 [ 5 Obs. | Diff. = i''.370. Excessively difficult.
The small star becomes invisible under the slightest illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 11^ 51' np (10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.15;
Distance 3o".305 (15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.17.
and positions 0/458 double and triple stars, &c. 117
No. DXXXVill. R. A. 6^ 42° ; Decl. 23° 55' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; February 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 860 50' nf \ 5 Obs. [ Diff. = o^ 43'. Difficult.
' The night is become cloudy ; observations of distance are impracticable.
Passy ; February 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 86° 38' nf 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 1 1' | „^^ a\4K..,u
Distance = zy'^Syg 5 Obs. Diff. = i".i78i ^"^ ^^^^^^*-
Passy ; March 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Distance = zf.JZZ \ 5 Obs. \ Diff, = o".84i. Very difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 86° 44' nf; Epoch 1825.13 ; Distance 27''.8o6 ;
Epoch 1825.15.
No. D XXXIX. R. A. 6^ 43"^ ; Decl. 46° 47' N.
Struve, 250 ;
Double ; 9th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =: 60° 53' sv 1 c Obs. I Diff. = i° 34' ) ^ ^ , ,.«- ,^
Distance = 8".34 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".8 i; \ Extremely difficult.
The small star is very faint, and bears but the most feeble illumination.
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatoiial.
9th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 60° 19'* p I 5 Obs. 1 Diff. = 2° ic' 7 i? *. ^1 j-ie 1*
Distance:=8".i29 ^ | 5 Obs. Diff. = o-.elj \ Extremely difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 60° 36' sp ; Distance 8''.229; Epoch 1825.08.
118 Mr, South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DXL. R. A. 6^ 47°^ ; Decl. 3o° ii' S.
^* Canis Major ; Struve, 252 ; V. 65,
Quadruple; A of the 6th, B of the 10th, C of the 12th, and
D of the 15th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; January 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 58° 11' «/l 5 Obs. DifF. = i° 35') „ • , j-a ,.
Distance = 45".876± | i Obs. -i J Excessively difficult.
The night is become so unfavourable, that no more observations can be gotten.
Passy ; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =. 57° 43'^/ 1 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° x' ) ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^
Distance = 44".775 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".9i3 ) '
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Distance = 4S"-i*3 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = z".o\^. Extremely difficult.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 860 , ' ,p 5 Obs. I Diff. ^ 3^ f' \ Excessively difficult.
Distances 52 .188 2 Obs. | Diff. = o".36o5 ^
The observations of distance very precarious, and of the pair A D no measures
can be obtained. Night remarkably fine; but the dew on the object-glass is exces-
sively troublesome.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 12th magnitudes.
Measures of A D.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 84O 44' s p
Distance = 2' 8".36o ±
2 Obs
2 Obs
; I gi|- '^",^'A Excessively difficult.
Observations probably a little inaccurate ; the small star can only be seen by
glimpses.
and positions of 458 double and triple stars y ^c, 119
No. DXL. continued.
Mean Result,
of A B. Position 57* 5/ sf {10 Obs. ) ; Epoch 1825.03 ;
Distance 45*.033(ii Obs.); Epoch 1825.05.
of AC. Position 85° 42' sp (10 Obs.); Distance b^I'.qsi
(7 Obs.); Epoch 1825.07.
of A D. Position 84° 44' sp{^ Obs.) ; Distance 2' 8". 360 ±
(2 Obs.); Epoch 1825.10.
A considerable change seems to have taken place in the
position of these stars since 1783, in which year the measures
were : Position 64° 12' sf; Distance 44''.93. The difference,
6° 1 5', is much more than could be fairly attributable to error
of observation in a star of the 5th class, except under very
difficult circumstances. (H.)
No. DXLI. R A. 6^ 5o»» ; Decl. 22° 24' S.
Nova ;
Triple ; A of the 8th, B of the 9th, and C of the 10th
magnitudes.
Measures of AB.
Passy ; February 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 46° 6' n/ 1 s Obs. | Diff. = i° 40' ) T^-ir 1*
Distances 2^.917 \ 5 Obs. \ Diff. = i".7s4 ) ^^^^^*-
Passy; March 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 470 39' nf\ 5 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 52' 7 „ , , ..«. ,^
Distance = 2^.277 | 5 Obs. j Diff. = ."J^^ | Extremely difficult.
The small star bears scarcely any illumination.
120 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DXLI. continued,
Passy ; Measure of AC. February 21, 1825.
Position = 32° lo' ±: sf; single observation.
Night so unfavourable, measures entitled to confidence cannot be procured.
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 46° 52' w/; Distance 24".09 7; Epoch 1825.16.
of A C. Position 32° 10' sf± ; single observation.
No. DXLII. R. A. 6"^ 51" ; Decl. 53° 1' N.
Struve, 25s ; I. 69.
Double ; 8|- and S\ magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; February 2, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial
Position = 660 35' sf I 5 Obs. I DifF. = !<> o' ) „ .
Distance = f.g^S \ 5 Obs. ( DifF. = o".4i i j ^^^^ S®®^*
Stars beautifully defined, and very steady ; but the night is hazy.
Passy; February 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8J magnitudes.
Position = 67® 14! sf\ 5 Obs.
Distance z: 3".785 \ 5 Obs.
DifF. = i*> 44' 7
DifF. = i".0343
Mean Result.
Position 66° 6^' sf\ Distance s".89i ; Epoch 1824.59.
This star has undergone a change of position so consider-
able, as to entitle it provisionally to a place among the binary
or connected stars. At the Epoch 1782.87, an observation
of Sir W. Herschel, noted as " very exact,'' makes the
position 77° 24' sf. The change is — 10° 30' in 4iV.'jQ,
giving an annual motion of — 0^.252, in the direction np sf
or retrograde. This star therefore merits the assiduous
attention of astronomers. (H.)
and positions of 4iS8 double and triple stars y &c. 121
No. DXLIII. R. A. 6^ 54" ; Decl. 22° 25' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Passy ; February 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = i« 34' «;> I 5 Obs. I Diff. = o° 50' ) y difficult
Distance = i' 3o",836 ] 5 Obs. | DifF. = ©".6495 ^^^ tumcuit.
Stars very unsteady.
Passy ; March 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and lO^ magnitudes.
Position =1** ij' np
Distance =: i' 3 2". 130
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Dlff: = ?'.'ozt Extremely difficult.
Passy ; March 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9^ and 10th magnitudes.
Distance = 1' 3i".329 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = 2". 16^. Extremely difficult.
Mean Result.
Position I*' 25' np (10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.16;
Distance 1' 3i".432 (15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.16.
No. DXLIV. R. A. 7** 2" ; Decl. 22° 35' N.
Nova ;
Double ; equal ; each of the 9th magnitude, and bear a very
good illumination.
Passy ; February 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 50® 54' sp or nf J 5 Obs.
Distance = 9''.223 j 5 Obs.
DifF. = 2" 28' )
DifF. =o".4565
Passy ; February 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of the 9th magnitude.
Position = 48° 48' nf or sp c Obs. 1 DifF. = 1° 8' 1 .r ^ * j
Distance = 9''.6j2 "^ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".384. j ^"^ ^^^^^^X*
Passy ; February 24, -1825 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R, A. of the northern or following star = 7'' 1' 33".79.
Mean Result. , .,_~
Position 49** 5i' sp or nf; Distance 9^.427 ;*fepoch 1825.13.
MDCCCXXVI. r
.32 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DXLV. R. A. 7^ 5" ; Decl. 73° 23' N.
Struve, 256; 1790, 387 ;
Double ; 8^ and 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 8° 13' n/l 5 Obs. | DifF. = 0° 58'. . . .
Passy ; February 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 8» 52' nf
Distance = ^i'.z^i
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. =0053' >
DifF. =o".48i j
Passy ; February 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8J and 9th magnitudes.
Distance = 3o".879 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = ©".889.
Mean Result,
Position S'' 32' nf\ Epoch 1825.05 ; Distance si".o85 ;
Epoch 1825.09
No. DXLVI. R. A. 7*" 10" ; Decl. 31° 48' N.
Nova ;
Triple; A S-f-, B 10th, and C of the 11th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy; February 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 89° 29' np\s Obs. Diff. z= o° 37' ) ,, „, j:ffl^„u
Distance = i' 19^350 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".6oi } ^^^ ^'^*^''^*-
Passy; February 17, 1825 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
8| and 10th magnitudes.
Position = Zf ly np I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 32- J Extremely difficult.
Distance = 1 19 .850 [ 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".202 j ^
Measures of A C.
Passy; February 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8^ and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 200 5/' «/| 2 Obs. I Diff. =. o; 38' J Excessively difficult.
Distance = 2' 22".637 j 2 Obs. ] Diff. = o".793 ) '
Measures to be regarded with some distrust.
and positions of 4f5S double and triple stars ^ ^c. 123
No. DXLVI. continued.
Passy ; February 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 20° 40' nf; single observation.
The night is become so hazy that no more measures can be obtained.
Mean Result.
of A B. Position ^of" ^^' np\ -Distance 1' 19". 600 ;
Epoch 1825.12.
of AC Position 20° 47' nf{ 3 Obs.); Epoch 1825.12 ;
Distance 2' 2 2^.63 7 (2 Obs.); Epoch 1825.11.
No. DXLVII. R. A. 7^ 15" ; Decl. 20° 48' N.
Struve, 260 ; III. 48 ;
Double; 8th and p^jnagnitudes.
Blackman-street ; March 12, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 50° 51' »/j 5 Obs. Diff. = 2° ii' |
Distance = 6".^ 11 15 Obs.
Diff. = o".505 3
Blackman-street; March 31, 1824: Five-feet Equatorial.
Sth and 10th magnitudes.
Position = sf 37' nf\ 5 Obs. Diff. = 3° 43' I Measures very difficult.
Distance = 6 '.521 ) 5 Obs. Diff. = 0.5695 ^
Mean Result,
Position 50*^44'^/; Distance 6".5 16; Epoch 1824.21.
There is a notable alteration perceivable in the position of
this star. A measure on the ist of January, 1783, marked
" very exact," makes the angle 43° 54' nf, and the distance at
the same time was found to be 6".25. The change of position
amounts to — 6° 50', being — o°.i 66 per annum, retrograde.
Future observations must decide on the reality of this motion,
and whether this is entitled to more than a proTisional place
among the Binary stars. (H.)
i«4 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DXLVIII. R. A. 7^ I?"" ; Decl. 22° 30' N.
Struve, 261 ',N. 66\
Double ; vrti and 10th magnitudes.
Passy; January 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 6° 3' «p I 5 Obs. DifF.=o° 53' 1 y .
Distance=36".oo8 | 5 Obs. DifF. = i".S39 5 ^^ ^'
Night remarkably fine.
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Saven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 50 42' np 5 Obs. | DifF. = 0° 42' ^
Distance = 35".23 1 '"' '"""
5 Obs. I DifF. = i".o345
Mean Result.
Position 5° 52' np ; Distance 35" 619 ; Epoch 1825.09. ,
An estimation in 1783 made the angle 1** or 2° np, and a
measure of distance at the same time gave 34". 65. It is to
be presumed therefore that this star is liable to no notable
alteration in either respect. ( H. )
No. DXLIX. R. A.- 7^ 20- ; Decl. 14^ 13' N.
Struve, 264 ; Hist. Csel. 314 ;
Triple ; A 6th, B 10th, and C of the 7th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 30° 4.' nf\7 Obs. DifF. = c° 58' ) ^ ^ 1 j-^ 1.
Dislance = rJs "^ | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".649 1 ^""'''"^'^^ ^^®^"^*-
Passy; January J 9, 1825 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
6th and 11th or 12th magnitudes.
Position = 40° 33' nf\ 5 Obs. DifF. = 5° 43') Pxcessivelv difficult
Distance = 8".oi4 j 5 Obs. DifF. = o".72i j excessively ditticult.
and positions 0/^458 double and triple stars ^ &c» 125
No. DXLIX. continued.
Measures of A C.
Passy; January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 7th magnitudes.
Position =39° 36' *y
Distance = 1' 5o".988
5 Obs.
6 0bs.
ifF.=o° 33' )
ifF. = i".oio5
DifF.=
DifF.
Passy ; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 7th magnitudes.
Position = 39° 35' «/ 5 Obs. DifF. = o'' 49' |
Distance = i' 52".207 6 Obs. DifF. = i".202|
Of A B no measures can be obtained, although the night is beautifully fine ; the
object-glass cannot be kept one minute free fi'om moisture.
Passy ; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 7th magnitudes.
Distance = 1' si".6g9 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".io6.
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 39° 41' ^/ (12 Obs.) ; Distance 7" -999 ;
Epoch 1825.03.
of A C. Position 39° 35' sf (10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.03 ;
• Distance 1' 51". 62 7 (17 Obs.); Epoch 1825.09.
No. DL. R. A. 7^ so"*; Decl. 18° 8'S.
Struve, 263 ; Hist. Csel. 281 ;
Double ; 7^ and 8th magnitudes : small, blue.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position 26° 22' sf | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i° 12
Passy ; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7f and 8th magnitudes.
Position =26° I'sf ] 5 Obs.
Distance =40". 1 92 | 5 Obs.
DifF.= o°52' )
DiflF. = o".937 5
Passy ; January 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7h and 8th magnitudes.
Distance = 39".899 ] 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".25o. Very unsteady.
Mean Result.
Position 26** iQ* sf; Epoch 1825.02 ; Distance 40". 041 ;
Epoch 1825.05.
126 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DLL R. A. 7*^ 2i°» ; Decl. 5° si N.
Struve, 265 ; Hist. Csel. 261 ;
Double ; 9th and 12th magnitudes ; small, blue, and bears
but a very slight illumination.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 24° 58' sp I 6 Obs. I Diff. = i« 55' ) r- . 1 j-n: ,
Distance = 4".686 J 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".456 \ Extremely difficult.
Passy ; January 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 240 32' *j3 I 5 Obs.
Distance = 4".5i3 J 5 Obs.
DifF. = 2«> 48' ) ,, ..«: ,^
DifF. = i".49i J Very difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 24° 46' sp (ii Obs.); Distance 4".599 (lo Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.03.
No. DLII. R. A. 7^ 27' ; Decl. 23° 4' S
145, 19 ; or Nova .?
Double ; 7th and 7^ magnitudes.
Passy ; December 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = H** SZ' np\S O^s. [ DifF. = o° 46' \
Distance = 8 ".860 | 5 Obs. Diff. = ©".408 j
Passy ; December 31, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Position = 14° 54' np 5 Obs. I Diff. =0° 57' ) „ unsteady
Distance = 9".683 5 Obs. | Diff. =o".625 ] ^^^ unsteady.
Passy ; January 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 71 magnitudes.
Distance = 8".477 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".394. Rather difficult.
Stars neither well defined or steady. The dew on the object glass is intolerably
troublesome. The water precipitated on the instrument is trickling from it, falls
upon my face during the observations of high stars, and is extremely annoying.
Thermometer stands at 28°.
Mean Result.
Position 14° 53' np (lo Obs.); Epoch 1825.00 ;
Distance 9".oo7 (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.02.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, &c. 127
No. DLIII. R. A. 7^ 28- ; Decl. 14° 6' S.
34 (Bode) Off. Typograph. ; Struve, 268 ; II. 63 ;
Double ; 8th and 8^ magnitudes. Placed in a telescopic
constellation, I count more than 70 stars in the field.
Passy ; December 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 32° 48' np 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 23' )
Distance = 7".383 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".529>
A minute or two to the north of this star, and following it a few seconds of
time, will be found a double star of the 5th or 6th class j and about the same
declination as this last-named star, by sweeping a few minutes in right ascension,
a double star of the 4th class (8th or loth magnitudes) will be seen in the field.
Passy; January 17, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 33° 52' np I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 55' \
Distance = 7''.492 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".6oi ) • . ^ . • •
Mean Result.
Position 33° Qo' np; Distance 7*.437 ; Epoch 1825.02.
This star has undergone no material change in position or
distance since Sir W. Herschel's observations in 1783, which
made it 30*" 12' 71 p, and 6 or 7" by estimation of diameters. (H.)
No. DLIV. R. A. 7** 28°^; Decl. 14° 7'S.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 15th magnitudes. The large star precedes
the second star of 34 (Bode) Off. Typogr. 32 seconds of
time, and is about 39 seconds to the south of that star.
Passy; March 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 54° 37' n/ 1 c Obs. I Diff. = i® ig' } „ . , ,.^ .
Distance = 2S".355 I 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".i54 J Excessively difficult.
The small star will neither bear illumination nor magnifying power, Observa*
tions were made with 105 : with 179 I could not obtain any measures.
is8 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DLIV. continued.
Passy ; March 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet EquatoriaL
8th and 15 th magnitudes.
Position = 54° 56' nf | 3 Obs. | DifF. = 3° 47'. Excessively difficult.
• Measures of distance cannot be procured ; the small star will not bear the slight-
est illumination. Observed with 105 j with 179 the small star was invisible. The
accuracy of the results is I fear somewhat questionable.
Passy ; March 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 54® 37' nf I 5 Obs.
Distances: 2o".i97 \ 5 Obs.
Diff! = °".to4 1 E^c^"^^<^V difficult.
Observed with the ordinary power of 179, on the meridian. Night cloudy.
Stars of considerable southern declination are alone visible, but they are unusually
bright, and tolerably steady.
Mean Result.
Position 54° 41' nf(i3 Obs.); Distance 2o".276(io Obs.);
Epoch; 1825.20.
No. DLV. R. A. 7' 28" ; Decl. 14° 4' S.
Nova ; nf 34* Bode Off. Typograph.
Double ; Yt and 8th magnitudes.
Passy ; December 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 41° 52' sp
Distance = 1' 34". 5 29
6 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 1° 10
DifF. = I ".05 8
It is the double star first alluded to in the observations of 34 Bode Off. Typog. j
and its smaller star has nearly the same R. A. as the larger star of 34 Off. Typog.
Passy; December 31, 1825 ; Seven- feet Equatorial.
8J and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 42° 22' * p 6 Obs. DifF. = 0° 36' 1 j. , difficult
Distance = i'.34".933 5 Obs. DifF. = o".625 j ^^^'^^^ tumcult.
6 Obs.
5 Obs.
Night very unfavourable.
Mean Result.
Position 42** 11' sp (12 Obs.); Distance 1' 34".73i (10 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.00.
and positions 0/^458 double and triple stars ^ &c. 129
No. DLVI. R. A. y^ 28" ; Decl. 65° 34' N.
Struve, 267; P. VII. 159.
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Passy ; January 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =: 85° 58' «/ 1 5 Obs. | DiiF. z= i' 20' )
Distancezz i6".285 | 5 Obs. | DifF. =z o".48i j • • • •
Passy; February 4, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9? magnitudes.
Position = 85° 28' sp
Distance = i6".o66
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = 1° 2/ >
Diff. = o".4o85
Stars very steady. Thermometer stands at 2y**.$. Wind very high.
Mean Result.
Position 85° 43' w/; Distance i6".i75; Epoch 1825.05.
No. DLVII. R. A. 7^ 29" ; Decl. 14° 3' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and loth magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; March 10, 1825 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
Position = 66° 38' np I 5 Obs. | Diff. = 1° 25' \
Distance = i' 6".225 | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".865 j • • • •
The larger star of this double star follows the first of 34 (Bode) Off. Typogr. i' 2".3
of time, and is to the north of that star about 2' 47".
Passy ; March 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = Sy** $' ^P \ 5 Obs. j Diff. = 0° 41')
^p^ Distance s= 1' 6".488 J 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".793 1 • • • •
Mean Result.
Position 66° 51' np ; Distance 1' 6".sg6 ; Epoch 1825.19.
MDCCCXXVI. s
ISO Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DLVIII. R. A. 7^ SS"^ ; Decl. 3° 6' S.
Struve, 271 ; Hist. Gael. 275.
Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 : Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =31° 36' sp | 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 22' \ ^.~ .
, Distance = 20". 223 | 5 Obs. | DifF. - i".oio j ^^"^^""*
Passy ; January 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9| magnitudes.
Position = 32° 13' «;? 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 43' ) ,,„ , j;
Distance = 19". 261 5 Obs. \ DifF. r= d'.e^j] ^^^ ^
Passy ; January 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Distance =: 20". 173 | 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = 0^962. Very difficult.
The stars are not steady j and the deposition of moisture on both surfaces of the
object-glass is so copious and rapid, that although well wiped off, before the instru-
ment can be replaced upon the star it re-collects, and compels me to discontinue
the observations ; a circumstance much to be regretted, for the night is beautifully
clear. Thermometer in the Observatory stands at 28°.
Mean Result.
Position 31* 54' sp (lo Obs. ) ; Epoch 1825.03 ;
Distance 19".886 (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.04,
No. DLIX. R. A. 7^ 34" ; Decl. 28° 28' N.
Pollux ; Struve, 274 ; VI. 42 ;
Triple ; A 2nd, B 15th, and C of the 20th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 170 13' ±n/l c Obs. I DifF. = o" 21' ) „ • , a-oz 1.
Distance = 3* 1/.469 ± | 5 Obs. | Diff. = 2".885 ] Excessively difficult.
Observations liable to some slight error.
and positions of4,sS double and triple stars, ^c. 131
No. DLIX. continued.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
2nd and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 17° 27' nf± f c Obs. I DiiF. = i° ii' ) „ • i j-a: i*.
Distance := 3' I5''.96i ± [ z Obs. I Diflr. = o".sSi\ ^^^'"'^'^y ^^^"^*-
Results probably a little inaccurate.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
2nd and 20th magnitudes.^
Position = 24** 6' n/ 1 2 Obs. | Diff. r= o*» 43'. Excessively difficult.
The star C will not bear even the least illumination. No observations of
distance can be gotten ; but by estimation, it is about two-thirds of the distance
from A, that B is. The night is remarkably fine ; indeed on no other can either
of the stars B or C be seen with this instrument.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.]
2nd and 20th magnitudes.
Position = 23° 25' nf\ 5 Obs. | DifF. 3° 57'. Excessively difficult.
Of C no distances can be procured. The night is unusually fine, but the star will
not bear the slightest illumination.
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 17** 20' nf {10 Obs.); Distance 3' i8'',467
(7 Obs.); Epoch 1825.10.
of A C. Position 23° 37' w/(7 Obs.) ;
Distance (estimated) 2' i2",3i2 + ; Epoch 1825.10.
The position of the nearer star in 1783 was 24° 28' nf,
differing only 51' from the present measure. (H.)
132 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DLX. R. A. 7^ 37" ; Decl. 29° 13' N.
Struve, 279 ; V. 67.
Double ; 6th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 6, 1825 ; Seven- feet Equatorial.
Position = 89° 22' np
Distance = i' 29''. 821
Passy ; January 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 1 2th magnitudes.
Position = 89O 21' np I 5 Obs. DiiF. = 1° 36' | p.^.,.^ ,„ ..-.^ ,^
Distance = /3i".290 I 5 Obs. DifF. = 2".284] Extremely difficult.
Passy ; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 12th magnitudes.
Distances: i' 3o".684 | 5 Obs. | DitF. = o".9i3. Extremely difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 89° 22' np (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.04 ;
. Distance 1' 3o".598 (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.10.
There is a doubt as to the identity of the star here mea-
sured with V. 67. (H.)
No. DLXI. R. A. 7^ 41" ; Decl. 25° le' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 10th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; February 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 8-7° 45' nf I 5 Obs. 1 Diff. = 1° 48' > ^j ^ . , ,. _ ,
Distances o".7A ? Obs. DifF. = i".j22 Excessively difficult.
Distances 51 .744 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = 1 .3223
Neither star bears sufficient illumination.
Passy ; February 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
10th and 11th magnitudes.
Position rz 880 15' n/ 1 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = 0° 27' ) „ . , ..^ .
Distance = 49".990 | 5 Obs. } DifF. = o".962 \ Excessively difficult.
The star B is double of the 2nd class : its small star is about 35° sp, and distance
perhaps 5 seconds ; it will not bear the slightest illumination. The measures of
A B, particularly those of distance, are precarious.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars ^ ^c. 133
No. DLXI. continued.
Passy; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 11th magnitudes.
Distance = 5o".96o | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".iS4. Excessively difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 88° o' nf {10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.13 ;
Distance 50^.898 (15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.17.
. No. DLXII. R. A. 7' 49" ; Decl. 79° 59' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 9 J magnitudes.
Passy ; February 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 80° 12' nf\ c Obs. I DifF. = o« 27' ) ,^
Distance = 2i".409 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = d'.^^zz] ^^"^ ^ood.
These stars bear a very good illumination : their circumpolar situation allowing
them to be well observed throughout the year, and their position, (so near the per-
pendicular,) rendering them susceptible of the most accurate measures, they would
'be admirably adapted for parallax observations.
Passy; February 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9^ and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 79« 58' nf I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1O43' > ,, . ^
Distance = 2 1".47 1 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".456 \ ^^^ satisfactory.
Mean Result.
Position 80° 5' nf; Distance 2i".44o ; Epoch 1825.12.
No. DLXIII. R. A. 8^0" ; Decl. 19° 18' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 6th and 7th magnitudes.
Passy; March 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 34° ly'nf I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 41' 7 ,, , .
Distance = 2' I3".426 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".oio] ^^^ ^^^^y-
Passy ; March 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 34° 22' n/ 1 s Obs. DifF. = qO 37' 7^, ,, ^ ,
Distance = 2' i3".979 | 5 Obs. DifF. = 2".043 ] Tolerably steady.
Mean Result.
Position 34" 20' sp; Distance 2' 13". 702 ; Epoch 1825.22.
134 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DLXIV. R. A. 8^ 2" ; Decl. i'* 48' N.
Struve, 290; Hist. Gael. ^6s.
Double ; equal ; each of the 10th magnitude.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 68° 37' np or «/| 5 Obs. I DifF. = o« 30' 1 y difficult
Distance = 33".639 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".889 | ^^"^^ difficult.
Neither star bears a good illumination.
Passy ; January 25^ 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and lOf magnitudes.
Position = 68° 29' no I c Obs. I DifF. = 1° 18' ) ,r ^, j:n;^„i.
Distance =i33".6o3 | 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = o".962} ^^"^ ^^®^"^*-
Mean Result.
Position 68* 35' np or sf; Distance 33". 621 ; Epoch 1825.03.
No. DLXV. R. A. 8»» 12" ; Decl. 42° 34' N.
Struve, 294 ; Hist. Gael. 54 ;
Double; 7th and 10th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; March 13, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 74° s' «/ I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 52' ^ ^^^^ .. -^ .
Distance = i' i2".3^i | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".885 j ^^^7 difficult.
Passy ; January 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and Qf magnitudes.
Position = 75° 31' */ 5 Ohs. I Diff. = 0° 29' 7 ^ diffirnlt
Distance = i' i3".8oi 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".84i J ^^^y difficult.
Passy ; February 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Distance = i' \z".gS9 I 5 ^bs. | DifF. = o".72i. Very difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 74° 48' sf (10 Obs.); Epoch 1824.59 ;
Distance 1' 13^040 (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.75.
and positions of 4;58 double and triple stars , &c. 135
No. DLXVI. R. A. 8^> 15" ; Decl. 28^ 26' N.
<f> Cancri ; Struve, 296 ; VI. 109.
Double; 7th and 12th, or 15th magnitudes,
Passy ; Jaauary 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 68° o' nf± ; single Observation.
The night, which had been remarkably fine, cloudless, and unusually favourable
for delicate observations, on account of the extreme steadiness of the stars, which
enabled me to keep them bisected by the wires as long as I pleased, suddenly be-
came bad ; a dense fog in less than five minutes after the instrument was placed
upon this star, rendered all the stars, Jupiter and Saturn, invisible j the Moon's
place also was scarcely to be distinguished. It has frozen all day : the thermometer
in the shade stood between 29° and 31°: it now indicates 28°. The instrument is
covered with hoar frost, and the fog is so severe that I cannot see across the garden,
a distance from the observatory not more than 100 feet.
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 6y° 59' nf \ 3 Obs. | Diff. = 0° 59'. Excessively difficult.
Observations of distance impracticable ; the small star will not bear the slightest
illumination.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 1 5th magnitudes.
Position = 68° 22' nf
Distance — 2' i".209
c Obs. DifF. = 1° 36' ) Tj . , ,.«. ,^
S Obs. DiflF. = i''.683 i Excessively difficult.
Passy; March 21, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7 th and 15 th magnitudes.
Distance — 2' o".09i ± ; single Observation. Excessively difficult.
The small star is so excessively faint, that it will not bear even the slightest illu-
mination ; and the measure here given was the result of half an hour's attention.
Passy ; March 26, 1S25 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 15th magnitudes.
Distance =: 2' o^'.85i | 5 Obs. | DiiF. = 2".! 15. Excessively difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 68° 12' nf [9 Obs.) : Epoch 1825.09;
Distance 2' 0^.945 (11 Obs.); Epoch 1825.18.
Sir W. Herschel has given no measures of this star. (H.)
13^ Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DLXVII. R. A. S^ 15"* ; Decl. 20° 43' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 7th and 9th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; February 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position s= 79° 33' *j> I 5 Obs.
Distance = 37".59S 1 5 Obs.
Passy ; February 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 79° 17' 5 P 1 S Obs. I DifF. = 1° 20' ) r»;fl;^„u
Distance = 37".97o | 5 Obs. | DifF. = d'.Z^i ] ^'^^''^^'
Passy ; February 24, 1825 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R. A. of the larger star = S** 14' 43". u.
Mean Result.
Position 79° 25' sp ; Distance si'.l^^ ; Epoch 1825.12.
No. DLXVIII. R. A. 8^ 17™ ; Decl. 23° 27' S.
Nova;
Double ; 6th and 9th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; February 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 4° 32' nf
Distance = 4o".464
5 Obs. I DifF. = 10 1 1' 1
sObs. iDifF.^oVzij^^^^^^l^-
Passy ; February 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =: 5° 8' n/l c Obs. I DifF. = i° 1' > ,. ,._ .
Distance = 4i".i6s [ 5 Obs. \ Diff. =0^841 ] ^^^ difficult.
Passy ; March 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Sth and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 5° 20' nf c Obs. i DifF. = 1° 3' ) ,. ..a- ,
Distance = 4o".34» 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".6i i \ ^^^^ ^^^^"1^'
Small star is blue, and does not bear a good illumination. Night tolerably clear,
but stars of low altitude unsteady.
Mean Result.
Position 5° o' w/ (15 Obs. ) ; Distance 40". 635 (15 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.16.
and positions of ^^S double and triple stars, &c. 137
•
No. DLXIX. R. A. 8^ 23" ; Decl. 25° 25' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th aftd 10th magnitudes : small, blue.
Passy ; February 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 71° 34' «;> I 5 Obs. Diff. = i° 44' ] Excessively difficult.
Distance = 39".o33 ( 5 Obs. Diff. = o".649 ) ^
The small star bears but the slightest illumination.
Passy ; February 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and llth magnitudes.
Position = 7 1° 33' Y 5 Obs. I Diff. := 1; 2' J Excessively difficult.
Distance = 4i".649 ± 2 Obs. | Diff. = o".36o j ^
Observations of distance little else than approximations.
Passy ; February 25, 1825 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R. A. of the larger star = 8*» 22' 54".88.
Passy ; March 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and llth magnitudes.
Distance = 39".S23 1 2 Obs. j Diff. zz o".i68. Excessively difficult.
The night iS very fine, but the small star will not allow any illumination of the
micrometer wires. Measures entitled to little confidence.
Mean Result.
Position 71° 34' np (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.13 ;
Distance 39".723±(9 Obs.); Epoch 1825.16.
MDCCCXXVI.
138 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DLXX. R. A. 8^ 29'*; Decl. 2o« 15' N.
Nova ;
Triple ; A 8|-, B 9^, and C of the 9th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.*
Passy ; February 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 6° 3/ nf I 5 Obs. I DifF. = i«» 3' ) difficult
Distance = S7".8s 1 | 5 Obs. j DifF. = o".793 ] ^^"^cuit.
Passy ; February 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position 60 28' „/ I 5 Obs. Diff. = x^ 4' I Very difficult.
Distance 57 .055 | 5 Obs. [ Diff. =: ©".962 5 ^
Night hazy ; the small star very faint.
Passy ; March 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Distance qp 57".6o5 | 5 Obs. ) Diff. = o".6oi. Very difficult.
The small star is blue, and bears but a very slight illumination.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; February 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 75° 3' np
Distances 2' 57".58i
3 Obs.
3 Obs.
Diff. =o« 18' )
Diff. = o".673 5
Passy ; February 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8f and 9th magnitudes.
3 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 38' )
3 Obs. I Diff. = o".625 S ' ' '
Position = 740 25' np
Distance = 2' 58".394
Passy ; March 19, 1825 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R. A. of the star A = Si^ 29' 5". 18.
Declination =20° 15' 16'' N.
Mean Result.
of AB. Position 6"" 3^' nf (10 Obs.) Epoch 1825.14.
Distance 5 7".5 17 (15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.15.
of AC. Position 74** 44' w/) (6 Obs.); Distance 2'57".987(60bs.);
Epoch 1825.14.
and positions of 4^8 double and triple stars y &c. 139
No. DLXXI. R. A. S^ 30"' ; Decl. 20° 8' N.
Nova ;
Triple ; A 7|-, B 8th, and C of the 6th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; February 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 66° 57' sf
Distances 44".756
5 Obs. DiflF. = i«» 8' \
5 Obs. DiflF. = o".48i5
Passy ; February 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7 J and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 67« $' sf j 5 Obs. | DiflF. = 1° 29' )
Distances 45".3 1 8 | 5 Obs. | DiflF. = o".9i3> " * *
Measures of A C.
Passy ; February 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
71 and 6th magnitudes.
Position = 29° i' sp | 5 Obs. I Difl". = 0° 36' )
Distance= i' 32".276 I 5 Obs. I Diff. =:o".505 5 * * *
C being to the south of A.
Passy : February 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 6th magnitudes.
Position = 29° ^' sp [5 Obs. I Diff. o« 17' )
Distance = i' 32". 238 | 5 Obs. | Diff. i".443 > * ' *
The star C being to the south of A.
Passy ; March 18, 1825 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R. A. of the star A = S** 29' 56".3i.
Declination 20° 8' o" N.
Mean Result.
of A B Position 67° 1' sf; Distance 45".037 ;
of A C Position 29° 2' sp ; Distance 1' 32".257;
Epoch 1825.13.
140 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
. No. DLXXII. R. A. S^ 30"^ ; Decl. 20° 16' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 7th and 9th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; February 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =: o" 16' n/ 15 Obs. Diff. = 0° 33' )
Distance = 1' I5".8ii | 5 Obs. DifF. = i".o58J • • • •
Passy ; February 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position s= 0° 17' nf
Distance = i* i6".o%2
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DiiF. =3 0°32'|p..fl.^,,^
DifF. = i".8o3j^^®'^^^^-
Passy ; March 21, 1825 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R. A. of the larger star = S"* 30' 2o".43.
Declination = 20" 16' 7' N.
Mean Result.
Position o"* iGf nf; Distance i' i5"-94f6 ; Epoch 1825.14.
. No. DLXXIII. R. A. 8^ 30"* ; Decl. 20° 15' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 6th and 12th or 15th magnitudes ; the small star is
a mere point, yet bears a very tolerable illumination. The
large star forms a triangle with the double star No. 572,
itself being at the vertex of the triangle.
Passy ; February 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 37° 6' nf
Distance = 20*.288
Sb:: I Ell :;°.f?4}E««-'y ■•"«-"•
Passy ; February 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 36° 58' nf
Distance = 21 ".096
5 Obs. Diff. = 1° 40' ) Excessively difficult.
S Obs. DifF. = i".683 ) ^^cessivexy airacuit.
and positions of4>5S double and triple stars ^ ^c. 14I
No. DLXXIII. continued.
Passy ; March 19, 1825 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R. A. of the larger star, Z^ ^o'z\''.^2.
Declination = 20° 15' 5'' N.
Passy; March 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
1 have tried several times, on different fine nights, to procure other measures of
this double star ; but although the weather has been particularly favourable, I have
not been able to succeed. Is the small star variable ?
Passy ; April 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
I have been again foiled in my endeavours to measure this double star ; yet the
night is beautifully clear. I can distinguish the small star, but under the least
illumination it is invisible.
Mean Result.
Position 37° 2' nf ; Distance 20^692 ; Epoch 1825.14.
No. DLXXIV. R. A. 8^ 30" ; Decl. 20*' 8' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 6th and 7th magnitudes ; its larger star follows the
star A of the triple star No. 571, about 31 seconds of time,
and is about 23 seconds to the south of it.
Passy ; February 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 200 59'*^ I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 29' \
Distance = 2' 12" .449 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".962 1 • • • •
Passy ; February 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 2i» $' sp I 5 Obs. Diff. = 0° 18' \
Distance = 2' 1 3". 151 I 5 Obs. Diff. = i".755> • • • •
Passy ; March 10, 1825 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R. A. of the larger star = S** 30' 27".22.
Declination = 20° 7' 37" N.
Mean Result,
Position 21° 2' sp ; Distance 2' 12".803 ; Epoch 1825.13.
142 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DLXXV. R. A. 8^ 31" ; Decl. 6<» 25' N.
Struve, 303 ; IV. 54.
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = CQ° 52' n/ 5 Obs. I DifF. = i® 25' i r»;fl;^„u
Distance = zf.yi 1 5 Obs. \ DifF. = o".937 j difficult.
Passy ; January 25, 1825 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 59" 43' nf
Distance = 27".396
c Obs. I Diff. = 1° 40' I y^.n, ,^
5 0bs.|DifF. = o".6oiJ^^*^"^^'
Passy ; April 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Distance = 2/' .042 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".yzi. Difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 59° 47' nf (10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.03 ;
Distance 27". 383 (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.11.
This star has undergone no appreciable change, as the
measures of 1783 gave Position 59° ^^h* nf (mean of tw^a
measures) ; Distance 25". 7. (H.)
No. DLXXVI. R. A. 8^^ 31" ; Decl. 49° 30' N.
Struve, 304; P. VIII. 131 ;
Double ; 9^ and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position :=6i° io'«j» I 5 Obs.
Distances io".995 | 5 Obs.
DifF. = 0° 54' ) T^.n: 1^
DifF. = o".288l^^^^"^^'
Passy ; January 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Position = 60° 47' np I c Obs. I Diff. = 3** 47' Kr _ .-«: 1.
Distance = 9".67i | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".7i5 J ^^^ ^'^^^^''
Passy ; February 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9| and 10th magnitudes.
Distance = io".289 | 6 Obs. | Diff. = i".034. Very difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 60° 58' np (lo Obs.); Distance io".3i6 (16 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.05.
and positions of 4f5S double and triple stars, &c. 143
No. DLXXVII. R. A. S'* 33" ; Decl. ii'' 33' S.
Struve, 305 ; Hist. Gael. 270 ;
Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes : both bluish.
Passy ; January 2, 1 825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position rz 30° 55' np \ 7 Obs.
Distance =: 5".475 j 5 Obs.
Kff:=!.°.|l'.!E«'™''y<"ffi«"-
721 )
Passy ; January 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9f and 10th magnitudes.
Position =3iO 24' „;, 7 0bs.|Diff. = s°S' I Excessively difficult.
Distance r= 5 .703 5 Obs. j Dift. = o".769 5 '
Mean Result.
Position 31° 9' np (14 Obs.) ; Distance 5".5S9 (10 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.03.
No. DLXXVIII. R. A. 8^ 33" ; Decl. 11° le' S.
Nova ;
Double; 8th and 11th, or 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; February 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position r= 32° 4-'np\s Obs. Diff. = 1° 42' ) E„tremelv difficult
Distance = 3o".970 | 5 Obs. DifF. = i".202 § Extremely ditticuit.
Observations of distance perhaps a little doubtful.
Passy ; February 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 32;; 13' np I 5 Obs. 1 Diff. = o° 30' ) Extremely difficult.
Distances 30 .646 j 5 Obs. | Diff. = r .8275 '
The small star is blue, and bears only the most feeble illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 32° 6' np; Distance 3o".8o8 ; Epoch 1825.14.
144 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DLXXIX. R. A. 8^ sa"^ ; Ded. 6° ss' S.
SI Monocerotis ; South's Catalogue ; VI. 82.
Double ; 6th and 9th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =38° 36' np ; 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 56' )
Distances 1' 1 7".52o | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".48i > • • • •
Passy; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 9tli magnitudes.
Position = 38° 34' np I 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = 1° 6' )
Distancer: i'i8".3i6 I 5 Obs. I DifF. =o".6975 • • • •
Mean Result.
Position 38° 35' np; Distance i' I7".9i8 ; Epoch 1824.02.
The angle of position of this star as measured in 1783 was
40° o' np, differing only 1° 25' from the present. (H.)
No. DLXXX. R. A. 8^ 36"^ ; Decl. 1° 57' S.
Struve, 308 ; P. VIII. 160.
Double ; 81- and 9th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 12° 2' sp
Distance = 4".374
5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 52'
5 Obs. I DifF. = o".9i3
Passy; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 11° 6' sp\ s Obs. I DifF. = i° 49' )
Distance = 5".487 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".3365 ' ' *
Passy ; February 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Distance = 4".99i ( 5 Obs. I DifF. = o".673. ...
Mean Result.
Position 11° 34' sp (lo Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.02 ;
Distance 4".95i (i5 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825,04.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, &c, 145
No. DLXXXI. R. A. 8^^ s?"' ; Decl. 11° 50' N.
Struve, 30.9; Hist. C^el. 218.
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Passy ; January 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
Position = 82° 24' np 6 Obs. DifF. = 3° 5' > -,. ..«: t^
Distance= i3".758 5 Obs. DiiF. = o".986 J ^^^ ^^^^^<^-
Night extremely favourable ; but neither star bears sufficient illumination.
Passy; February 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9| magnitudes.
Position = 84° 11' »o I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° i' 7 ,. ..g- ^^
Distance = iJ'.p+j "^ | 5 Obg. | Diff. = o".84i } ^^^ ^^'="^*-
Passy ; February 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9| magnitudes.
Position = 84° o' «;> I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 1' ) ,^ ,.n- , —
Distance = I3".279 | 6 Obs. | Diff. = o".6oi ] ^^^ difficult.
Thermometer stands at 28° ; no dew on the object-glass j but on the polar axis
there has been a considerable quantity, throughout the night.
Mean Result.
Position 83° 27' np (16 Obs.) ; Distance 13''.324 (16 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.09.
No. DLXXXII. R. A. 8»> S9' ; Decl. s6° 45' N.
130 (Bode) Lyncis ; Struve, 310; Hist. Gael. 220.
A very neat double star ; nearly equal ; 9th and 9^ magni-
tudes, and bear a very good illumination.
Blackman-street ; March 12, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position =: 7° 30' sf
Distance = 3''.556
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = 1° o' )
Diff. =: o".632 ]
Blackman-street; March 31, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each 9th magnitude. ^
Position z= 7° 43' sfornp j 5 Obs.
Distance = 3". 767 j 5 Obs.
Diff. = 1° 58' )
Diff. =:o".5295
Mean Result.
Position 7° 36' sfornp ; Distance 3". 661 ; Epoch 1824.22.
MDCCCXXVI. u
I4f6 Mr, South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DLXXXIII. R. A. 8^ 41" ; Decl. ss' 9' N.
<r Cancri ; Struve, 312 ; VI. 86.
Double ; 7th and 15th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; February 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 66° 53' n/ I 5 Obs. DifF. = i^ 30' ) E„cessivelv difficult
Distance = 1' 2z".449 ± | 5 Obs. DifF. = 5".89i ] Excessively dimcult.
The small star is not visible under the slightest illumination of the wires ; the
observed distances are perhaps little better than approximations.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 66° 36' nf I 6 Obs. 1 DifF. = i** 22' | ^ ^^ _ , ,.«. ,^
Distance = 1' 2i".s2i ± | 3 Obs. 1 DifF. = i".034l Extremely difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 66° 44' w/(ii Obs.) ; Distance 1' 22". 101 + (8 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.10 ;
Sir W. Herschel has given no measures of this star. (H.)
No. DLXXXIV. R. A. 8^ 47"" ; Decl. 10° 43' S.
Nova ;
Double; 8th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; March 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 580 37' .;, s Obs. Diff. = 0° 3/ \ Extremely difficult.
Distance = i ii'.022 5 Obs. DifF. = i .5633 ^
The stars only visible by glimpses. Night almost uniformly cloudy ; the results
are perhaps a little inaccurate.
Passy ; March 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position r= sf <>' sp \ 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 37' \ Very difficult.
Distance = i'^ii".356 j 5 Obs. | Diff. =o".9i3 ) ^
Mean Result.
Position 58^ 49' sp ; Distance 1' ii".i89 ; Epoch 1825.22.
and positions 0/4.58 double and triple stars, &c. 14«7
No. DLXXXV. R. A. 8^ 47" ; Decl. 17° 34' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 6th and 7th magnitudes.
Passy ; March 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Distance = i'g"'.2gS \ 5 Obs. | Diff.
Passy; March 21, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 53° 9' «/I 5 Obs. I DiflF. = 0° 56' 7
■ ' ~"T. = o".84ij • •
6th and 7th magnitudes.
Position =53° 20' sf
5 Obs. I DiflF. = o" 56'
F. = 0° 56' I
Distance = V 9".S94 5 Obs. | DiflF. =o".432 3 • • • •
Passy ; March 21, 1825 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R. A. of the larger star = 8^ 47' iz".S9.
Passy ; March 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 7th magnitudes.
Position = 53° 8'*/ 5 Obs. I DiflF.= 1° 16' ) Unsteadv
Distance= 1' 9".i97 5 Obs. | Difi^.= i".6595 "^^steady.
Measured inadvertently, being unaware that the star had been already well observed.
Mean Result.
Position 53° is' np (15 Obs.); Distance 1' 9". 36s (15 Obs.);
Epoch 1835.22.
No. DLXXXVI. R. A. S^^ 50" ; Decl. 32° 57' N.
<r* Cancri ; Struve, 318.
Double ; 6th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 45** o' sf
Distance = 4 .594
c Obs. 1 Diff. = 2° 23' ) ... ..fl. ,,
5 Obs. I Diff. = o".4s6l V«^ ^^"If-
Passy ; January 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 450 46' sf I 6 Obs. I Diff. = 8° 30' 7 ,, ^ , ..«. ,,
Distance = 5". 107 "^ | 5 Obs. | Diff = o".865 \ Extremely difficult.
The small star is blue, and scarcely bears any illumination. Night particularly
fine, but the dew on the object-glass is sadly troublesome.
Mean Result.
Position 45° 25' sf {11 Obs. ) ; Distance 4". 850 (10 Obs. ) ;
Epoch 1825.04.
L48 Mr. South* s observations of the apparent distances
No. DLXXXVII. R. A. 8^ 52" ; Decl. 82° 8' N.
Nova;
Double; 8th and 12th magnitudes; small, blue.
Passy ; March 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 48° 56' np I 5 Obs. DifF. = qO 33' 1 Excessively difficult
"Distance = 24". 1 74 | 5 Obs. Diff. = z".9S7 5 ^^^^^^^^^^^ aimcuit.
The small star becomes invisible, under very slight illumination.
Passy ; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 48° 59' np \ 5 Obs.
Distances: 24".5io ( 5 Obs.
9th and 1 1th magnitudes.
Siff:=i".o8l}E^^^^"^ely difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 48° 57' np ; Distance 24''.S42 ; Epoch 1825.22.
No. DLXXXVIII. R. A. 8^ 55"^ ; Decl. 16° si S.
Nova ;
Double ; 8i. and 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; February 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 59° 3' »J9 I 5 Obs. | DifF. = i** 25' 7 ^.«; ,^
Distance = 3o".o6o | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".034 j ^^"icult.
Night very hazy ; Thermometer stands at 28° ; no dew on the object-glass j but the
polar axis is covered with hoar frost.
Passy ; March 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
, '. 9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position ==58° 34' np | 5 Obs.
Distance = 3o".405 | 5 Obs.
^m.zMti]''-^^^^'-'''
Passy ; March 21, 1825 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R. A. of the larger star = S"* 55' f.io.
Mean Result.
Position 58° 48' np ; Distance 3o".232 ; Epoch 1825.15.
and positions 0/458 double and triple stars , &c. 14.^
No. DLXXXIX. R. A. S** 57" ; Decl. 3° 3i' N.
Struve, 324 ; Hist. Gael. 258.
Double ; equal ; each 9i magnitude, and bear but little
illumination.
Blackman-street ; March 12^ 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 2° ic'j/or «» I C Obs. I DifF. = 3° c' ) r»-«^ 1*
Distance = i2".5 15 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".853 \ ^^'"^^-
Night very favourable.
Blackman-street ; April 2, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
9 J and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 2" 55' sf I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 35' 7 y ..^ ,
Distance = iz".\6s \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".632 | ^^^ dimcuit.
M?^;i Result.
Position 2° 35' 5/ or «/>; Distance i2".i40; Epoch 1824.22.
No. DXC. R. A. 8^ 58'" ; Decl. 53** 6' N. ,^^
Struve, 325 f
Double ; 9th and 1 ith magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; February 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position
Distance
Position = 57« i6' sf\ 5 Obs.
Distance = $"'3^4- I 5 O^s.
Sif = ^^3' } Very difficult.
Diff. = o .529 5 '
Night very favourable.
M?a;z Result.
Position 56° 31/ ^/(ii Obs.); Distance 5". 513 (10 Obs);
Epoch 1825.10.
150 Mr. South's observations oj the apparent distances
No. DXCI. R. A. 9^ o^ ; Decl. 16^ o' N.
Nova;
Double ; 9th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; February 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
Position = 29° 51' «/f 7 Obs. I DifF. = 4° 8' 1 n ^ ^ a-x 1.
Distance =7^598 5 Obs. | DifF. = 3". 5 77 } Extremely difficult.
Passy ; February 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 12th magnitudes.
Mean Result.
Position 29° se' nf {i4> Obs.) ; Distance 7".634(io Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.14.
No. DXCII. R. A. 9*^ 1" ; Decl. 53** 28' N.
Struve, sa8 ;
Double ; equal ; each of the 8th magnitude.
Blackman-street ; March 31, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 44° 18' sp orn/ j 5 Obs. | DifF. = 1° 31' . . . .
Blackman-street ; April 3, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
71 and 8th magnitudes.
Position =: 44° 9' nf I 5 Obs.
Distance zz 2o,"667 | 5 Obs.
DifF. = 1° 2Q' )
DifF. =:o".947 5
Passy ; February 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal; each of the 8th magnitude.
Distance = 2o".925 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".202 . . .
Night tolerably good ; a small quantity of dew has fallen upon the object-glass,
but the polar axis, which during the former part of the night has been very wet, is,
now coated with ice. Thermometer 28°.
Mean Result.
Position 44°i3'w/; Epoch 1824.25 ; Distance 20". 796;
Epoch 1824.67.
and positions 0/4*58 double and triple stars, &c. 1.51
No. DXCIII. R. A. 9^ 4" ; Decl. 79" 15' N.
Nova;
Double ; 8^ and 9th magnitudes ; bear a very good illumi-
nation ; their juxta-polar situation, and their position (so
near the perpendicular), render them admirably adapted
for parallax observations.
Passy ; March 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 81° 14' sf I 5 Obs. [ DiiF. = o° 32' 7
Distance = 29".384 j 5 Obs. J DiflF. = o".i44 5
Passy ; March 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9| magnitudes.
Position = 81® 14' 5/ 1 5 Obs. Diff. = 1° 24' )
Distances 29''.256 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".48i )
Mean Result.
Position 8i' 14' sf; Distance 29".32o ; Epoch 1825.21.
No. DXCIV. R. A. 9^ 7"" ; Decl. 24" 24' N.
Struve, 332 ; Hist. Csel. 215 ;
Double ; 9t and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =: 73° 38' nf
Distance — 7". 302
8 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 55' ) „ ..-. .
5 Obs. I Diff. = o".48i } V*^ ^^^<^"^*-
Passy ; February 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9| and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 73° 4' w/ 1 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 35'. Very difficult.
Night is become cloudy ; no more observations can be made.
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9| and 1 0th magnitudes.
Distance = d^pii | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o'^s^. Very difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 73° 25' nf{i3 Obs. ; Epoch 1825.04 ;
Distance i'.ioi (10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.06.
152 Mr. South* s observations of the apparent distances
No. DXCV. R. A. 9^^ lo' ; Decl. 19° 35' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 8^ and 10th magnitudes.
Passy; February 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = io« 7' no I 5 Obs. I Diff.= 1° 27' ) ,r ..«. ,^
Distance = 1' i".i69 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".937 ] ^^^ difficult.
The small star bears but very little illumination.
Passy ; February 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 1th magnitudes.
Position = 9° 57' np \ c Obs. DifF. =p° 32' 7 „ ^ , ..-, ,
Distance = i' i".i26 | 5 Obs. Diff. = i".49i j Extremely difficult.
Passy; March 21, 1825 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R. A. of the larger star = 9'' 10' 2^".gS.
Mean Result.
Position id* ^' np\ Distance i' i".i47; Epoch 1825.14.
No. DXCVI. R. A. 9M0' ; Decl. 50° 18' N.
39 Lyncis ; Struve, ssS-
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 50° 1' np
5 Obs.
Distance = $"-7^9
5 Obs.
Position =: 49° 33' np
5 Obs.
Position = 49° 2' np
5 Obs.
DifF. = 4° 22' ■)
DifF. = o".86s K, ,.^ ,
DifF. = 3° 30' r^'^y difficult.
DifF. = 2° AC' )
Passy; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th or 11th magnitudes.
Position =47°48'«o 6 Obs. I DifF. = 6° 1 2' | ^j ^ , ,.^ ,
Distance = 6^'.400 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".72i ] Extremely difficult.
Passy; February 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 50° 34' np 15 Obs. DifF. = 2^44' ) Oatisfartnrv
Distance = 6".049 5 Obs. DifF. = o".6o i ] Satisfactory.
Stars admirably defined, and are remarkably steady ; the small one is blue. The
observations were gotten with the greatest facility.
Mean Result.
Position 49° 40' np (36 Obs.) ; Distance 6^.059 (15 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.06.
and positions of 458 double and triple stars y ^c 153
No. DXCVII. R. A. 9"" 14" ; Decl. 4' 17' N.
Struve, 338 ; Hist. Gael. 324 ;
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; January % 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 40° 31' n;) 1 5 Obs. Diff. = 2° 34' 7
Distances 22". 1 95 j 5 Obs. DifF. = o".3i2 j • • • •
Passy ; January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 40° 20' np \ 5 Obs. 1 Diff. 2° 15' )
Distance = 22". 143 | 5 Obs. | Diff. o'.4o8 3 • • • •
Mean Result.
Position 40° 25' np ; Distance 22". 169 ; Epoch 1825.01.
•
No. DXCVIII. R. A. 9'' 17' ; Decl. 46** 26' N.
Struve, ss9 ; IV. ss ;
Double ; 6th and 8 i- magnitudes ; small, blue.
Blackman-street; April 12, 1824; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 71° 18' «/ I 5 Obs. I Diff. o° 12' \ n^^^^„ -^
Distance = i' z&'.jgj 1 5 Obs. j Diff. 0^.727 ) ^^^^^' i
Position = 71° 17' «/ 5 Obs. I Diff. 0° 53' ) ^^^ xi.r,^.-or.or.^r i ' '
Distance = 1' 27 .075 5 Obs. j Ditt. o' .821 ) J
Passy ; January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 71^ 59' */
Distance = i'26".ii9
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = 0O56' ^
Diff. = o".3845
Passy ; February 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 9th magnitudes.
Distance = 1' 26".6o5 | 5 Obs. 1 Diff. o".673 . . , .
Mean Result.
Position 71° 31' ^/ ( 15 Obs. ); Epoch 1824.64 ;
Distance i' 26".649 (20 Obs.); Epoch 1824.81.
MDCCCXXVI. X
L54 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DXCIX. R. A. 9"" IS"* ; Decl. 7" 1' N.
Struve, 341 ; Hist. Gael. 273.
Double ; equal ; each of the 10th magnitude.
Passy ; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Distance = j,".yZo \ 5 Obs. | Diff. r: o" .^yj. Excessively difficult.
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9 J and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 58' 55^ «i> I 5 Obs.
Distance = 3". 450 j 5 Obs.
Diff: « o''.697} Extremely difficult.
Passy ; March 2, 1285 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9 th and 9^ magnitudes.
Position = 56° 29' nf I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 42' ) ^ ^^
Distance = 3 .251 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".336) ^
Passjr ; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal; each of the 10th magnitude.
Position r: 57° 38' «p or «/
Distance =: 3".S72
Diff! = o''.6o, I Extremely difficult.
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Mean Result.
Position 57° 41' np or 5/(15 Obs.); Distance 3*.5i3 (20 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.13.
No. DC. R. A. 9^ 19"" ; Decl. 9° 5o' N.
«^ Leonis ; Struve, 342 ; I. 26.
Double ; large, white ; small, pale blue.
Royal Observatory, Paris; March 15, 1825 ; Eleven-feet Achro-
matic by Lerebours, having an object-glass of 8.4 English
inches clear aperture.
With a power of 420 the small star is separated half a diameter of the large star ;
with 560 three-fourths of a diameter ; with each power the stars are admirably de-
fined, and as round as possible : had we any micrometrical apparatus, measures of
position and distance might be gotten with the greatest facility. Mons. Bouvard
present. Night favourable.
Whether the Seven-feet Equatorial will enable me to measure this close double
star I do not know ; the highest power that can be applied to its present micrometer
is 273, which is certainly inadequate to show the star double*
• By a letter from Mr. Herschel, dated May 14, 1825, 1 find that Mr. Struve
has measured this star with his telescope of 9 inches aperture, and 14 feet focal
length, made by Fraukhofer.
and positions of ^^S double and triple stars, (^c. 155
No. DCI. R. A. 9^ ai"" ; Decl. 73" 52' N. •
^ ^ Struve, 345 ;
Double ; equal ; each of the 8th magnitude.
Blackman-street ; April 12, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 44** 37' np or sf \s Obs. I Diff. = 2° / ^ ^
Distance = s".i44 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".y27 > ^°^^^'
Position = 42*^ 56' np or */ 5 Obs. Diff. = i" 8' ) ^ Richardson
Distance = 4".822 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".i 36 j ^^' ^ichardsok.
Passy; February 20, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9J magnitudes.
I
Position = 45° 35' sf
Distance =: s".oo3
5 Obs. Diff. = 1° 25' )
5 Obs. Diff. = 0 ".456 j •
Passy ; March 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Position = 45° 38' sf\ 5 Obs.
Distance = S".393 | 5 Obs.
Diff. = 2° ic
Diff.
". = 2° ic' )
■. = o".4565 • • •
Mean Result.
Position 44° 41' sf (20 Obs.) ; Distance 5".o9o (20 Obs.);
Epoch 1824.87.
No. DCII. R. A. 9"" 23"° ; Decl. 2° le' N.
Struve, 347 ;
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes, and bear a very tolerable
illumination ; the small star is blue.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 74<» 51' */| 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 46' )
Distance = 3". 5 84 | 5 Obs. ) Diff. = 0". 505) * * '
Night remarkably fine.
Passy ; February 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Position = 73«> 41' */ 5 Obs. ! Diff. = 3° 9' )
Distance = 3".948 5 Obs. j Diff. = o".s53 ) * * '
Mean Result.
Position 74° 16' sf; Distance 3".766; Epoch 1825.11.
166 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCIII. R. A. 9^ 24™ : Decl. 40° 46^ N.
Struve, 349 ; Hist. Gael. 215;
Triple ; A 7th, B 8|-, and C of the 9th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Blackman-street ; March 31, 1824 ; Five- feet Equatorial.
Position = 56° 43' */ 1 5 Obs. Diff. = i° 32'
Distance r: 2^'. 6^6 \ 5 Obs
DifF.
= 1° 32' \
= i".oio5 • • • •
Blackman-street ; April 2, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8^ magnitudes.
Position = 58'> 5' */l 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 42' )
Distance = 24". 5 07 | 5 Obs. | Diff. =:o".6oo5 • • • •
The small star is decidedly blue.
Passy ; Februaiy 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatoiial.
7th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 56° 33' sf \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = 0° 38'.
Measures of A C.
Blackman-street ; March 31, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 55° 40' np \ 3 Obs. Diff. = 0° 10' \ rvj^.^i.
Distance = i' 58".364 | 3 Obs. Diff. = i".832 5 ^^^uit.
The star C is very indistinct.
Blackman-street ; April 2, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 55° 10' nj9 J 3 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 5' )
Distance=:i'58".853 I 3 Obs. I Diff.= i".oio5 • • • •
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 57° 7' sf{i5 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.54 ;
Distance 24".58i (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.25.
of AC. Position S5° 25' np {6 Obs.) ; Distance 1' 58".6o8
(6 Obs.); Epoch 1824.25.
and positions qf4fS8 double and triple stars, &c, 157
No. DCIV. R. A. 9^* s?"" ; Decl. 18° 48' S.
Nova;
Double ; 7th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; February 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 1° o' */ 1 5 Obs. I Diff. = o° co' 7„ • , j.^. ,^
Distance = si".75^ | 5 Obs. | DifF. = I'.jzz JE^cessively difficult.
The small star is extremely obscure, and the measures of distance are perhaps a
little questionable.
Passy ; February 21, 1825 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R. A. of the larger star =: 9*" 27' 28".28.
Passy ; March 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 1 Ith magnitudes.
Position 0° o' ; following | c Obs. I DiiF. = 1° ^' 7 ,, . , ,.«- ,^
Distance = s^"'9^\ I 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".oio \ Excessively difficult.
Before the mean angle was known, the position wire was placed at Zero, and the
large star being bisected by it, I could not satisfy myself whether to assign the
small one to the north or south quadrants. The measures, particularly of distance,
may be liable to a slight inaccuracy, for the small star will scarcely bear any illu-
mination. Night fine.
Mean Result.
Position 0° 30' 5/; Distance 51^.840 ; Epoch 1825.17.
No. DCV. R. A. 9^ 45°* ; Decl. 5° 48' N.
9 Sextantis ; Struve, s5^ ; Hist. Ccel. 327.
Double ; 7th and 9th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 220 38' np I 5 Obs. I Diff. = o" 18' 7 <, ,
Distance = 51 ".034 | 5 Obs. 1 Diff. = o".6\^ j otcaay.
Passy ; January 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes.
Position =22° 48' np 5 Obs. Diff. = 1° 33' | Good observations.
Distance = 51 '.010 5 Obs. Diff. = 1'. 058 j
The past has been a night such as rarely, very rarely occurs ; from five o'clock in
the afternoon till now, (four o'clock in the morning,) the stars have been unusually
tranquil, and most exquisitely defined. At the commencement of the observations
the Thermometer in the observatory stood at 31°, and it has gradually fallen to 23°.
The deposition of moisture on the interior surface of the object-glass, and its
158 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCV. continued.
crystallisation on the exterior surface, have been so considerable, although an
attached deal tube projects twelve inches beyond it, that I have been obliged to
remove it very frequently ; but no trouble is too great to obtain measures, under
circumstances so peculiarly favourable. Tvi^enty stars have been observed, amongst
them several of the most difficult, and some which I have never before seen double.
Now however the dew is not confined to the parts of the telescope in the neigh-
bourhood of the object-glass, but has attacked the wires of the micrometer; they
have a serrated appearance ; and I suspect begin to ** fiddle." Prudence advises me
to relinquish observing, lest by persevering they should become broken. Many
nights since my abode here, the dew has been far more copious, than I ever ob-
served it to be in England ; frequently the water has dripped off the instrument for
several successive hours, but I never had any reason to suspect the slightest preci-
pitation of moisture on the micrometer wires. The polar axis and object-end of
the telescope, which in the earlier parts of the night were covered with hoar frost,
are now coated with ice. ..^i^^^^a
Mean Result.
Position 22<» 43' np (10 Obs.); Distance 5i".o22 (10 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.01.
No. D CVI. R. A. 9^ 47'" ; Decl. 200 si N.
Struve, S5S ; Hist. Cash 212.
Double ; 8th and loth magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; January 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 85° 17' sf 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 8' ^ t^.^ ,
Distance = zi^'.jzs 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".3i2 5 ^'^c"^*'
Passy ; February 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 84° 6' sf
S Obs. i DifF. =
)ifF. = 1° 19' ) T,.- .
Distance = 3o".4i j 5 Obs. j DifF. = d'.s^g ] ^^*C"^*'
Night very fine. Snow on the ground five or six inches deep. Thermometer in
the observatory stands at 27°. $. No dew on the object-glass.*
Mean Result.
Position 84° 41' sf; Distance so".07i ; Epoch 1825.04.
* To obviate the annoyance occasioned by the dew, wadding, such as is here
employed in the manufacture of Ladies' pelisses, was on February ist placed fo a
thickness of three-quarters of an inch, around the tube to which the micrometer is
attached, to that of wood applied to the object-end, and to all the telescope tube
projecting beyond the declination circle of the instrument : it has to a very consi-
derable extent answered the purpose. Passy, October 22, 1825.
and positions of ^SS double and triple stars, &c. 159
No. DCVII. R. A. 9^ 58" ; Decl. iS"* 26^ S.
Struve, 356 ; Hist. Csel. 283.
Double ; equal ; each 9^ or 10th magnitudes ; bluish, and
scarcely bear any illumination.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 55° 48' np or sf 5 Obs. 1 Diff. = 2° 31' 7 Extremely difficult.
Distance = 1 1".447 5 O^s. \ Diff. = o .553 j ^
Passy ; February 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of the 10th magnitude.
Position zz 56° 36' 71 p or sf\s Obs. | Diff. = 1° 59' I Extremely difficult.
Distance = i i".2S7 \ 5 Obs. \ Diff. = o".g6z )
Mean Result.
Position 56° W np or sf; Distance ii".352 ; Epoch 1825.12.
No. DCVIII. R. A. 10^ 16- ; Decl. 9° 39' N.
Struve, 363 ; I. 29.
Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 23° 58' »/ 6 Obs. Diff. = 3° S°' X Very, or extremely
Distance = 2". 760
6 Obs.
Diff. = o".889) difficult.
These stars are admirably defined, and are as steady as possible. Observed when on
the meridian. The night is particularly favourable for delicate observations.
Passy ; March 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 27° 45' «/| 8 Obs. 1 Diff. = 6° 28' ) Excessively difficult.
T»;c<-on/«. — c" TiA c Obs- Diff. = o .At2 { '
Distance = 5".734 I 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".432 j
The small star is blue, and scarcely bears any illumination.
Passy ; March 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 25° 13' n/ 5 Obs. Diff. = 2° 34' | Excessively difficult.
Distances 3 .981 5 Obs. Diff. = ©".48 1 > '
Night very fine ; but the small star, which is blue, bears only the most feeble
illumination.
i6o Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCVIII. continued.
Passy ; March 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 24° 28' nf 5 Obs. I DifF. = 4^45' ^ Excessively difficult.
Distance = 4'.2SS 5 Obs. | DifF. = o''.745 ) ^^^^^^^^^^^ aimcuit.
These observations, particularly of distance, do not accord so well as might
be wished ; the star however is one which presents considerable difficulty : this
circumstance must plead their excuse. By allowing all the measures equal weight,
I apprehend we shall not err much from the truth, when we give as the
Mean Result.
Position 26° 1' nf{24f Obs.) ; Distance 3".632 (21 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.20.
This star offers not the least evidence of change either in
position or distance. The angle of 1782 differs only 31' from
that here assigned ; and the distance (2 diameters) for stars
of this magnitude may (from centre to centre) amount to
about 4". (H.)
No. DCIX. R. A. 10^ 22"^ ; Decl. 22° 58' N.
Struve, 364 ; Hist. Gael. 150.
Double ; 9th and 9j magnitudes, and bear a very tolerable
illumination.
Passy ; February 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 65" 50' sf \ 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 48' \
Distance = I4".s88 j 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".274> * * * '
Passy; February 28, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9J magnitudes.
Position = 65° 51' */
Distance = 14" .090
5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 24' 7
5 Obs. DifF. = o".649 3 ' '
Passy ; March 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9^ magnitudes.
DifF.=
DifF.
'. = 0° 38' >
. = o".649}
Position = 64° 50' sf 1 5 Obs.
Distances i3".938 j 5 Obs.
Mean Result.
Position 65° 30' 5/(15 Obs.) ; Distance i4".205 (i5 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.09.
and positions 0/458 double and triple stars ^ &c. 161
No. DCX. R. A. io»^ 26°^ ; Decl. 16° 54! S.
Nova ;
Double; 10th and loj magnitudes.
Passy ; February 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 54° 4; «/ 5 Obs. I Biff. = 109' ) ^^^^^^^^^^^ difficult.
Distance = i'4o".6i8± i Obs. | — — — 5 '
The distance is probably little better than a guess.
Passy ; March 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 11th magnitudes.
An illumination sufficient to render the micrometer wires distinct, obliterates
both the stars.
Position = 54" 9' nf
Distance = i'4o".9i5
Mean Result.
Position 54° 6' nf {10 Obs.) ; Distance 1' 40". 865 (6 Obs);
Epoch 1825.18.
No. DCXI. R. A. io»> 33™ ; Decl. 13° 49' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 10th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; February 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 76° ci'sp \ 5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 45' 7 ^ ^ . , ,.-e 1^
Distance = s^".U7± I 5 Obs. Diff. = i-.Tso \ Ex^^^^^^X ^^^^"1*-
Measures of distance somewhat of a suspicious character. The stars will scarcely
bear any illumination.
Passy ; March 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
11th and 12th magnitudes.
Position =: 75° 40' sp 1 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 55' ) „ ^- • 1 j-m 1^
Distance = 59".695 ^ | 5 Obs. | DifF. = ,".154 \ Excessively difficult.
When the field of view is but very slightly illuminated, the stars cannot be seen
without the greatest attention.
Mean Result.
Position iG^ 15" sp\ Distance 59".S3i ; Epoch 1825.18.
MDCccxxvi. y
162 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCXII. R. A. 10^36°'; Decl. 31° si N.
42 Leonis minoris; Struve, 366 ; Hist. Gael. 506;
Double ; 6th and 8th magnitudes.
Passy ; March 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 82° 35' sf I 5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 14' \
Distance = 3' 2o".o62 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".649 ^ • • • •
Observed when i\ hour east of the meridian.
Passy ; March 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 28° 37' sf\ 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 16' 7
Distance rs 3' 20". 546 j 5 Obs. | DifF. sr o".9i3 y • • • •
At six o'clock in the evening the thermometer stood at 31**; it now stands at 24®.
The hoar frost is accumulating rapidly on the polar axis, and on the undefended
part of the telescope ; but the object-glass, which has not required wiping through-
out the night, remains perfectly transparent.
Mean Result.
Position 82** 36^ sf'. Distance s' 2o".304 ; Epoch 1825.20.
No. DCXIII. R. A. io»^ 39"^ ; Decl. 14" 41' S.
Struve, 367 ; P. X. 159 ;
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; February 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
DifF. 0052' ) j^-a- ^^
Passy ; March 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and Uth magnitudes.
Position = 79 4' n/ 1 5 Obs. I Diff. = i° 5' ) ^ difficult
Distance = 3i".904 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".72i ] ^ ^^"^cult.
Stars of low altitude rather obscure, and are very unsteady.
Mean Result.
Position 78*> 57' nf\ Distance si"-65i ; Epoch 1825.17.
Position = 78° 5 1' n /" I 5 Obs.
Distance = 3i".399 | S Obs.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars y ^c. 163
No. DCXIV. R. A. io»» 39" ; Decl. 14° 20' S.
Struve, s68 ; Hist. Gael. 331.
Triple ; A of the 8th, B 8^, and C of the 6th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Blackman-street ; April 18, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 72° 21' sp\ $ Obs. J Diff. = i° 25' )
Distance = 6".986 | 5 Obs. | DiiF. = o".82i > • • • •
Passy ; March 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 72** 32' sp
Distance = 7".S38
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = 2^21' \
Diff. =:o".4563
Measures of A C.
Blackman-street ; April 18, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
8th and 6th magnitudes.
Position = 6^'>2Q'sp I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0O42' ")
Distance = 1' 18 .216 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".6oo j * V * *
(C being south of A.)
Passy ; March 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 7th magnitudes.
Position = 68° 50' sp I 5 Obs. i Diff. = 0° 53')
Distances 1' i7''.5o6 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = i^oio) • • • •
(The star C being to the south of A.)
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 72° 26' sp ; Distance 7". 262 ;
of AC. Position 68** 44' sp ; Distance 1' 17^.861 ;
Epoch 1824.75.
i64 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCXV. R. A. lo*- 39"^ ; Decl. 13° W S.
Nova ;
Double; 10th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; February 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position=88<'39'n« I 5 Obs. I DifF.= 1° 14' 7„ ^ i j-o: i*
Distance=i' 26^024 | 6 Obs. | DifF.= i".ilo pxtremely difficult.
Passy ; March 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 1 1th magnitudes.
Mean Result.
Position 88** 44' np ( lo Obs.) ; Distance 1' 26".o78 (11 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.18.
No. DCXVI. R. A. lo*^ 43™ ; Decl. 8° 25' N.
Struve, 369 ; P- X. 179.
Double ; 9th and 11th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; April 19, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = ^5° 16' no I c Obs. I DifF. = 2® 58' ) ^^ . , ,.«- ,,
Distance= \\\hz ^ \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".937 5 Excessively difficult.
The night is very bad ; I have little confidence in the accuracy of the observations.
Passy; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = ic° •?!' n» : c Obs. 1 Diff. = 2° 18' 7 ^ , , ,.«. ,^
Distance = i2".484 1 5 Obs. | DifF. = o^^z \ Extremely difficult.
Passy; March 28, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Qth and 10th magnitudes.
Distance = \i".go'j j 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".zoz. Excessively difficult.
Passy ; March 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 35° 17' np
Distance =1 i2".5o8
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff - o" %\ \ Extremely difficult.
The small star is blue, and bears but the slightest illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 35°Qi' np {15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.92 ;
Distance i2".5io (20 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.00.
and positions of ^s% double and triple stars, &c. 165
No. DCXVII. R. A. io»^ 45- ; Decl. 1° 17' S.
Struve, 370 ; Hist. Gael. 227.
Double; 6th and 10th magnitudes; small, decidedly blue,
and bears but a feeble illumination.
Blackman-street ; March 12, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 86° 57' sf
Distances 35". 113
c Obs. I DifF. = 0° 45' i r^^ai u
r\u T\a: » i Difficult.
5 Obs. I Diff. = o .4743
Blackman-street; April 2, 1824; Five-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = SS'* 38' sf\ 5 Obs.
Distances 35".333 j 5 Obs.
DifF. = 2<* 25' ) ,, ,.«. ,^
Diff. = o".632j^^^^'®'"^^-
Small star blue, and bears a very indifferent illumination of the micrometer wires.
Mean Result.
Position 87^47' sf; Distance 35".223 ; Epoch 1824.22.
No. DCXVIII. R. A. 10*^ 47°^ ; Decl. 20° 9' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 10th and loi magnitudes ; bear but little
illumination.
Passy ; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =54° 13' sp I 5 Obs. I Diff.=o° 46' ) £„._._,„ ^y^.^,,
Distances: I' i8".o6i | 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".875 5 ^"^emely diflicult.
Passy ; March 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 11th magnitudes.
Position =54'' 21' sp I c Obs. I Diff, = i° 40' ) ^ . , j.^- ,^
Distances I' I9''.254 | 5 Obs. | Diff.=2".j84l Excessively difficult.
Both stars very indistinct.
Passy; March 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 11th magnitudes.
Distance = 1' i9''.989 j 5 Obs. | Diff. = i"-923. Excessively difficult.
On the admission of the smallest quantity of light, the stars become scarcely visible.
Mean Result.
Position 54** 16' sp (lo Obs.) ; Distance i' 19*101 (15 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.23.
i66 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCXIX. R. A. io»» 5T ; Decl. S** o' N.
Struve, 375 ; 11- 78.
Double; 8th and isth magnitudes.
Passy ; March 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
c Obs. I Diff. = 4° 8' ) „ ' ^ A-tc 1.
S Obs. I DifF. = J".673i Excessively difficult.
Position = 72° 38' sf
Distances: 8".762
The small star is of a light blue colour, and cannot be seen except when the night
is extremely favourable.
Passy ; April 27, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 1th, or 12th magnitudes.
The small star under the most feeble illumination is visible only with the greatest
attention ; the measures, I fear, merit but little confidence.
Passy ; May 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 74° 14' «/| 5 Obs. | DifF. = 1° 53'. Excessively difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 74** 1' sf\ (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.30 ;
Distance 8^637 {10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.28.
Sir W. Herschel measured this star in 1783 and in 1803,
the respective positions being 75" 21' 5/ and 71° 42' sf. The
mean (73° 32') differs only o" 29' from that here stated, so
that this star may be presumed liable to no change in
position. (H.)
and positions of 4,58 double and triple stars, &c. 167
No. DCXX. R. A. io»» 58" ; Decl. 12*» 28' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; April 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial. *
Position = 73° 6'nfls Obs. | DiflF. = o° 30'. Extremely difficult.
The night now so unfavourable, that observations of distance are impracticable.
Passy ; April 27, 1825 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th, or 1 1th magnitudes. ,
Position = 73° 31' «/| 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 28' ) ^ ^ , ..«: ,^
Distance = 32".774 I S Obs. | DiflF. = o".553 J Extremely difficult.
Passy ; April 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 73° 19' n/l 5 Obs. I Diff.= 2° 3' ) „ . , ,.«. ,^
Distance = 32".623 | S Obs. | Diff.= o".4o8j E««sively difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 73° 19' nf(i5 Obs.) ; Distance 32".698 (10 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.31.
No. DCXXI. R. A. 11^ 0"^ ; Decl. 66^ 59' N.
Struve, 377 ; 1790.386.
Triple ; A 9th, B 97, and C of the 8th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; February 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =64° 35' nf 5 Obs. I Diff. = i° 25' ^ „ ,, ..«. ,,
Distance=4l".327 S Obs. 1 Diff. = o".336 J ^^^her difficult.
Thermometer stands at 30° ; no dew on the object-glass, but the polar axis is
very wet.
Passy ; Febi-uary 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
. , 9th and 9^^ magnitudes.
Position = 640 26' nf\ 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 28' ) T^•n: 1
Distance = 43".534 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o''.456 ] I^^^^ult.
168 Mr, South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCXXI. continued.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; February 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
^ 9th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 26° 40' ra JO I 3 Obs. I DifF. = o® 15' \ p, .
Distance = 3' 21 ".979 | 2 Obs. | DiiF. = o".264 f "^^^^^Y-
Night is become bad ; no more observations can be gotten.
Passy : March 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 260 31' np \ 5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 22' 7
Distance = 3' 2 3". 270 | 5 Obs. DifF. = i".563 3 * * * *
The star C being to the north of A.
Passy ; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 8th magnitudes.
Distance = 3' 23'.620 | 5 Obs. j DifF. =; i".298
Mean Result.
of AB. Position 64"So'w/; Distance 43".43i ; Epoch 1825.14.
of A C. Position 26° 34' np (8 Obs.); Epoch 1825.18 ;
Distance 3' 23^.201 (12 Obs.); Epoch 1825.19.
No. DCXXII. R. A. 1 1^ 3" ; Decl. 74** 26' N.
Struve, 378; 1790.389.
Double ; 9th and 9j magnitudes, and bear but a very feeble
illumination.
Blackman-street ; April 11, 1824; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 26° 15' «P I 5 Obs. DifF. = 2° 42' { p.-^-^ ,.
Distance = I2".S5 1 j 5 Obs. DifF. = 1 ".1685 ^'*^"^*-
Blackman-street; April 12, 1824; Five-feet Equatorial.
8| and d\ magnitudes.
Position = 26° lY np\ $ Obs. DifF. = 1° 12' 7 T>:ffl^„i4.
Distance = i2".4o8 | 5 Obs. DifF. = i".3s8 | ^^™'^"'^*
Mean Result.
Position 26° 16' np'. Distance i2".479 ; Epoch 1824.28.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, ^c. 169
No. DCXXIII. R. A. iiJ* 6™ ; Decl. 28<» ss'N.
Struve, 379 ; Hist. C«l. 61 ;
Double ; 9^ and 10th magnitudes.
Black man-street ; March 13, 1824; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 5° 13' «/ 5 Obs. Diff. = 3° '6' ] Very difficult.
Distance = +".024 5 Obs. DifF. = o .348 ) ^
Blackman-street ; April 2, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 5^ 14' */| 5 Obs. I Diff. = z^o' | j^.^^^^^
Distance = 4'. 182 | 5 Obs. } Diff. = o".649 )
Night very favourable.
Mean Result.
Position 5** 13' nf; Distance 4". 103 ; Epoch 1824.22.
No. DCXXIV. R. A. ii'* 10™ ; Decl. 0° 40' S.
Struve, 383 ; Hist. Gael. 498.
Double ; 8th and Sj magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; April 11, 1824; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = iS°o' sp\ 5 Obs. Diff. =t 2« 3' )
Distance = io".o 11 | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".442 j
Blackman-street; April 12, 1824; Five-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = i8«» 3' «/) 1 5 Obs. Diff. = i« 13' \
Distance = io".28o | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".379 J ♦ • • •
Mean Result.
Position 18° 1' sp; Distance io".i45 ; Epoch 1824.27.
MDCCCXXVI. ^
1 70 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCXXV. R. A. ii** io» ; Decl. 15° 16' N.
Struve, 382 ; Hist. Gael. 223.
Double; 8th and 10th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; April 11, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 790 33' nf\ 5 Obs. I DifF.= 2° 37' 1 oj^.^,.
Distance = 5".2 11 J 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".s6g ] •^^"^'^"'^•
Blackman-street; April 12, 1824; Five-feet Equatorial.
7tli and 8| magnitudes.
Position =78° 20' nf
Distance = 4". 362
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = i«» 33' )
Diff. =o".4745
Passy ; March 26, 1825 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 81° 7' «/
Distance = 5 ".20 7
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = 0° 45' )
DifF. = o".625
The distance observed April 1 2, 1 824, does not well accord with cither of the sets ;
at the same time nothing appears in the rough journal to invalidate the accuracy of
the former ; on the contrary, it would seem that the stars were brighter on that
night, than on either of the other nights of observation : the discordant series
therefore cannot be rejected with propriety.
Mean Result.
Position 79° 40' nf {15 Obs.) ; Distance 4^927 (i5 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1824.60.
No. DCXXVI. R. A. ii'' 19™ ; Decl. 40° 20' N.
57 Ursse Majoris ; Struve, 388 ; III. 86.
Double ; 8th and loth magnitudes ; small, blue, and bears a
very good illumination.
Passy ; March 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =8o°5'n/
Distance ;=6".342
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. =
Diff.
•.=:o''5i'7
'. = o".2i6 j
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars y &c. 171
No. DCXXVI. continued.
Passy ; April 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position r= 79° 26' nf
Distances 6". 246
5 Obs. I DifF. =: 2° o'
= 2° o' i
5 Obs. I DifF. z= ©".72 1 ) • • • •
Mean Result.
Position 79° 45' w/; Distance 6".294; Epoch 1825.25.
In 1783 the position of this star is stated by Sir W. Herschel
to have been 75° 36*' nf. It will remain to be decided by
future measures whether the difference, 4° 9', between this and
the present angle, arise from a real very slow change in the
stars themselves, or from error of observation. (H.)
No. DCXXVIL R. A. iiJ^ 21™ ; Decl. 16° 26' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 8^ and 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; March 18, 1825 ; Seven feet Equatorial.
DifF. = 0° 17' )
DifF. =o".48i5 • • • •
Position =60° iz'np
Distance = 29".254.
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Passy ; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of the 8th magnitude.
Position = 61° 1 1' sfox np 5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 54' )
Distance = 28".6i7
5 Obs.
DifF. = o".625 5
Passy ; March 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of the 9th magnitude.
Position = 60" 52' tip or *y I 4 Obs. | DifF. =; 0° 12'. . .
Night is become cloudy ; no more observations can be procured.
Passy ; March 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of the 8th magnitude.
Position = 60° 46' np or */ 1 5 Obs. DifF. = 1® 35' )
Distances zi)".ooj I 5 Obs. DifF. = i''.oio )
Mean Result.
Position 60° 45' np or 5/(19 Obs.); Epoch 1825.25
Distance 28".939 (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.24,
172 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCXXVIII. R. A. 11^ 21"" ; Decl. 60" 40' N.
Struve, 389; 1790; 381.
Double ; 8th and 8|- magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; April 11, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 0° 26' sf \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = 2" 1 3'.
Blackman-street; April 12, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
8th and J)th magnitudes.
Position s=o° 18' sf
Distance = iS"-°S3
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 0° 26' )
DitF. = o".649J
Blackman-street; April 17, 1824; Five feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Distance = 13^.028 | 5 Obs. | DifF. =0". 3 36.
Mean Result.
Position 0° 22' sf; Distance 13^.040; Epoch 1824.28.
No. DCXXIX. R. A. ii»> 28™ ; Decl. 22° 25' N.
Nova;
Double; 10th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; May 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = S\fSnp± I 5 Obs. I Diff. = ij f \ ^,,,,,;y,i difficult
Distance = 4+ '.159 ± | 5 Obs. | Diff. = 3 .775 S ^
Unless these should be corroborated by subsequent observations, I consider them
entitled to very little confidence ; neither star will bear any illumination.
Passy ; May 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
10th and 1 1th magnitudes.
Position =50 37' np i 5 Obs. Diff.= 0° 32' 1 Excessively difficult.
Distance=44 .919 | 5 Obs. Diff.= o.84i) ^
Under the most feeble illumination, both stars become invisible.
Passy; May 10, 1825; Seven feet Equatorial.
, loth and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 5° 4.' np 5 Obs. Diff. = i; 6' j E^^esssively difficult.
Distance = 44' .044 5 Obs. Diff. = 1 .370) '
Mean Result,
Position 5° 34/ np (15 Obs.) ; Distance 44''.374 (i5 Obs,);
Epoch 1825.35.
and positions of 4f5S double and triple stars, (f.e, j-76
No. DCXXX. R, A. ii*^ 30" ; Decl. 2f ai N-
Struve, ^99. ; Hist. Casl. 64 ;
Double; iith and 12th magnitudes.
Rlackman-street ; April 19, 1824; Seven -feet Equatorial.
Position = 3° 56' nf I 5 Obs. Djff. = i° 38' J Extremely difficult.
Distance = 5".684 | 5 Obs. Dift. = o .505 ^ ^
Under a very slight illumination of the micrometer wires, these stars become
invisible.
Passy; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
11th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 4° 3' nf 5 Obs. i Diff. = 3° 20' ^ gxtremelv difficult
Distance = 5".50i 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".649 5 Extremely dimcuit.
The small star is light blue, and neither of them will bear scarcely any illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 4**o' nf\ Distance ^'.S9^ \ Epoch 1824.76.
No. DCXXXI. JR. A. 11'' ^9"^ ; Decl. 68° 19' N.
Struve, 2^96 ; Hist. Casl. 385 ;
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes.
Blackrnan-street ; April 14, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position =89° 4' «/ j 5 Obs.
Distances 1 1".7 1 3 ) 5 Obs.
Diff. = »* 35' )
Diff.=o".7;,8>
Blackman-street ; April 17, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 89" 3' */ j 5 Obs. j Diff. = 2° 20' )
Distance = 1 1".97 8 j 5 Obs. j Diff. = i".i68| • • • •
Mean Result.
Position 89° 4' sf\ Distance ii".845; Epoch 1824.29.
1 74 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
^ No. DCXXXII. R. A. i\^ 43" : Decl. 9° 48' N.
Struve, 396 ; IV. 49 ;
Double ; 7t and 8th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; April 14, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 61° 53' *;; I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 51' J
Distance = 3o".34i | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".7275 • • • •
Blackman-street ; April 17, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 6i® 35' sp I 5 Obs. I DifF.=o° 48' \
Distance =30". 1 89 | 5 Obs. | DifF.=o".885> • • • •
Passy ; April 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes.
Distance=3o".6i5 I 5 Obs. I Diff. = o".336
Observed on the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 61° 44' 5/) (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 182429 ;
Distance 30^382 (15 Obs.); Epoch 1824.62.
' In 1783 the position is stated to have been 56° 30' sp, and
the distance 2 7". 50. An error of observation to the extent
of 5° 14' is too much to be supposed in a star of the 4th class,
and it is therefore pretty clear that this star is liable to a
slovr change ; whether arising from orbitual motion in both,
or rectilinear in one of the two, future observations must
decide. (H.)
and positions of ^58 double and triple stars, &c, 175
No. DCXXXIII. R. A. 11'* 56"^ ; Decl. 52° 55' N.
Struve, 401 ; 1790; 376-
Double ; 8th and S^ magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; April 14, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 4® 26' sf
Distance = 8 ".309
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 2° 24' 7
Diff. = o".4ii3 • •
Blackman-street; April 17, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
8| and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 4° 25' sf
Distance = 8". 309
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = 2*' 13' \
Diff. = o'.egs 5
Mean Result.
Position 4° 26' sf Distance 8".309 ; Epoch 1824.29.
No. DCXXXIV. R. A. 12'' a"" ; Decl. 15° 48' S.
Struve, 402 ; Hist. Csel. 232.
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; April 14, 1824; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 7° 21' n/> I 5 Obs. ^'^ — '•° ^'
Distance == f.Czi \ 5 Obs.
Diff: = o°^2} Very difficult.
Blackman-street ; April 17, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
8^ and lOth magnitudes.
Position = 6o 45' np I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 15' } difficult.
Distances 8".322 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o .758)
The small star is blue, and bears but a very feeble illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 7° 3' np; Distance 7".97i ; Epoch 1824.29.
it6 Mr. South* s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCXXXV. R. A. i9> 2™; Decl. 1° 15' S.
Nova;
Double ; 10th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; May 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =: 6° 39' n p 5 Obs. j DifF. = 2" 47' 7 Extremely difficult.
Distance = 23".745 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".865 j Excessively difficult.
Measures perhaps a little suspicious, although taken with great care. Stars are
tolerably steady, but will scarcely bear the slightest illumination.
Passy ; May 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
10th and 1 2th magnitudes.
Position = 7° 30' n p 1 5 Obs.
Distance =: 23".6oi | 5 Obs.
Eiff. = i '.2^2} Excessively difficult.
These results were procured under the most favourable circumstances ; the stars
were on the meridian, and very steady; yet ffom the extreme faintness of the
smaller star, some inaccuracy may be apprehended.
Mean Result.
Position 7'*4'w/>; Distance 2 3". 673 ; Epoch 1825.34.
No. DCXXXVI. R. A. 12'' 6» ; Decl. io° 58' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9! and 1 oth magnitudes.
Passy ; March 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position 24° 29' sp \ 5 Obs. '; DifF. = 0° 20'. Vfery difficult.
Stars very steady ; but the night so hazy, that satisfactory measures of distance
fcanhot be obtained.
Passy ; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 1 1th magnitudes.
Position = 24° S^ ^P j 5 Obs. 1 DifF. == 1° 57' ) Very difficult.
Distance f= 26 '.694 j 5 Obs. j DifF. zz i".%^\ \ Extremely difficult.
Passy ; March 29, 1825 ; SeVen-feet Equatorial.
9^ and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 24^* 29' sp I 5 Obs. I DilF. = 0° 59' \ Very difficult.
Distance = 26".467 j 5 Obs. | DifF. = 0^432 j Extremely difficult.
Neither star bears a good illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 24° 37' sp ; Epoch 1825.22 ; Distance 26".58o ;
Epoch 1825.23.
and positions 0/4.58 double and triple stars, ^c. 177
No. DCXXXVII. R. A. is!> 18- ; Decl. 18° 58' S.
Nova ;
Double; 10th and 12th magnitude.*?, and bear but the
slightest illumination.
Passy ; May 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Diff. = 0° 32' 1 Extremely difficult.
DifF. = i".202) Excessively difficult.
The measure of distance may perhaps be liable to an error of two or three seconds,
from the extreme faintness of the small star.
Position = 6j° 26' sp j 5 Obs,
Distance = 1' z".S7^ \ 5 Obs.
Passy ; May 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 66° 34' sp 5 Obs. Diff. = 2° 27' ^ ^ . , ,.^ ,^
Distance = I' 1'' 423 5 Obs, Diff. = i«.563 j ^'^""^^^^y ^^^^^^^-
Results probably suspicious j both stars become invisible under an illumination
just sufficient to show the situation of the wires.
Passy ; May 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 12th magnitudes.
Position rr 66° 41' sp
Distance = i' o".904
5 Obs. \ Diff. = 0° 25' I ^ . , .. ~ ,
5 Obs. 1 Diff = o".6oi j Excessively difficult.
Observations made with great care ; but the obscurity of the stars is such, that
• coincident measures must not be expected.
Mean Result.
Position 66° 54' sp ; Distance i' i".6s5 ; Epoch 1825.35.
No. DCXXXVIII. R. A. 12^ 20" ; Decl. 26° 54' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 6th and 7th magnitudes.
Passy ; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position zr 18° 58' *;> I 5 Obs. ( Diff. = i® 8' 7 «, ,
Distance = 2' 24".5oi | 5 Obs. | Diff. zz o".9i3 j ^^'^"^ulous.
Passy ; March 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 19° 28' sp I 5 Obs. | Diff. = o« 16' Kt , ,
Distance = 2' 2^".S7z \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".202 5 Unsteady.
Mean Result.
Position 19° is' sp'. Distance 2' 24".436 ; Epoch 1825.23.
MDCccxxvi. a a
178 Mr, SouTH*s observations of the apparent distances
. No. DCXXXIX. R. A. lo,^ 29°* ; Decl. 3° 23' S.
Struve, 418 ; V. 129.
Double; 8th and 13th, or 14th magnitudes.
Passy ; May 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =14° 57'^/ 1 5 Obs. DifF.= i°4' ) Ousoicious
Distance = 49".6i8 | 5 Obs. Diff. = 2".2i2 J Auspicious.
The night is very fine, but the measures are excessively difficult ; the small star
can only be seen with considerable attention.
Passy; May 8, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th, or 14th magnitudes.
Position = 16° o' sf} s Obs. DifF. = 1° 9' ) tj ^ • ,• a-m ^^
Distance^r: Si-'-z+e-^ | 5 Obs. DifF. - i".o8z J Excessively difficult.
The small star is so extremely indistinct, that the measures must be considered
' somewhat dubious. Night favourable.
Passy; May 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th, or 13th magnitudes.
^lliSc" ^ \t4:/ 1 I 8S: [ ?f£ Z i".6o*; } Excessively difficult.
Night fine, but the small star will scarcely bear any illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 15** 22' sf; Distance 50". 555 ; Epoch 1825.36.
Sir W. Herschel has no measures of the angle of position
of this star. (H.)
and positions of 4,58 double and triple stars, ^c. 179
No. DCXL. R. A. 12^ QQ'^ ; Ded. 4° 22' S.
Nova ;
Double; 10th and 12th magnitudes ; neither star bears but
the most feeble illumination.
Passy ; May 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
, Position = 5° 32' sf\ 5 Obs. I Diff. =: 6° 15' 7 Excessively difficult.
Distance rz 10'. 392 \ 5 Obs. | Difr. ir i .202 3 '
These results must not be regarded with much confidence j the stars become invi-
sible, under almost the slightest illumination.
Passy ; May 9, 1825 : Seven-feet Equatorial,
llth and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 6" 9' sf
Distance = io".oo2
Obs. 1 Diff. = 3; 35' J Excessively difficult.
Obs. I Diff. = o".432 5 '
The distance, in consequence of the indistinctness of each star under illumhiatioa
must, I fear, be received with distrust.
Mean Result.
Position 5° 50' sf\ Distance io'''.i97 ; Epoch 1825.35,
No, DCXLI. R. A. 19^ 36"; Decl. 15° 20' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 8^- magnitudes.
Passy; April 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =r 56° 44' «p
Distances 33".267,
5 Obs. Diff. = 0° 39' i Unsteady
5 Obs. Diff. = i".322 5 'Unsteady,
Passy ; April 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 56° 27' sp I 5 Obs. Diff. = 0° 42' | <>. j
Distances 33^452 j 5 Obs. Diff. = o".288 j ^^^^^y*
Mean Result.
Position 56° 35' sp ; Distance ss"S59 ; Epoch 1825.30
i8o Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCXLII. R. A. 12^^ 40"* ; Decl. 14° 58' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 8^ and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; May 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =53° 50' nf
Distance := 54".3o6
5 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 12' ) Very difficult.
5 Obs. \ Diff. r: i'".923 ) Extremely difficult.
The small star will scarcely bear the slightest illumination.
Passy ; May 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8 J and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 53° 51' nf\ 5 Obs. Diff. = 2° 58' ) Excessively difficult
Distance = 54".S37 | 5 Obs. Diff. = i".49i ] ^^^ssiveiy aimcuit.
The small star only seen with great attention. Night fine.
Mean Result.
Position 5S° 6o'nf; Distance 54".42i ; Epoch 1825.34.
No. D CXLIII. R. A. 12^ 44™ ; Decl. 17° 4' S.
Nova;
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes.
Passy; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 25° 26' np
Distance = 23".433
5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° i' ) On the meridian, but
5 Obs. I Diff. = I ".1 54) very tremulous.
Passy ; March 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and Qth magaitudes.
Position r= 25° o' np I 5 Obs. | Diff. = o'' 44' | tt__.-_j^
Distance = 23".9io | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o';72i j Unsteady.
Position = 25° 5' np
Distance = 2 3". 2 28
Passy ; April 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Dbs. Diff. = 1° 20' } Very difficult.
Dbs. Diff. = i".o82 5 Extremely difficult.
The small star is very obscure, and bears but a very feeble illumination.
Passy ; April 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes ; the small star is very faint.
Position = 24° 46' wj) 1 5 Obs. I Diff. = 2° ii' ) Extremely difficult.
Distances: 23".467 j 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".9i3 5 Excessively difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 25° 4' np (20 Obs.); Distance 23^509 (20 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.26.
and positions of ^sS double and triple stars, ^c. 181
No. DCXLIV. R. A. 12^ 51°' ; Decl. 15° 18' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; May 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 8|0 22' sp I $ Obs. I Diff. = i® 9' > Very difficult.
Distance ■= zf'.zoS \ 5 Obs. j DifF. = 2",i6^l Extremely difficult.
Results perhaps a little suspicious ; the larger star bears but a feeble, and the
smaller scarcely any illumination,
Passy ; May 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 12th magnitudes.
Position =: 80° ^6' sp
Distance = 27'. m
5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 42' \ Extremely difficult.
5 Obs. I Diff. = i".49i ) Excessively difficult.
Observed when on the meridian. Night fine.
Mean Result.
Position 81° 9' sp; Distance 21^.159; Epoch 1825.34.
No. DCXLV. R. A. 12*^58'" ; Decl. 1° S5' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 8-|- magnitudes.
Passy ; April 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 85° o' n/l 5 Obs. I Diff. =: o° 58' } Very steady and
Distances 8".2i3 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".8i7 j well defined.
Passy ; April 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Position = 84° 36' nf 5 Obs. j Diff. z= 2° 5' ) Occasionally well defined.
Distance = 7".983 5 Obs. Diff. = o".793 j but very unsteady.
Variable refraction so extremely troublesome, that I am compelled to relinquish
observing.
Mean Result.
Position 84" 48' nf; Distance 8".o98 ; Epoch 1825.28.
i82 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCXLVI. R. A. isM" ; Decl. 16° 25' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; May 5^ 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 70° 48' »j? I 5 Obs.
Distance = 3".905 j 5 Obs.
DifF. = 3° 50' ) Very difficult.
DiiF. = o".48i ] Extremely difficult.
The smaller star will scarcely bear any illumination.
Passy ; May 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8^ and 11th magnitudes.
Positron = 74° 44' np I 5 Obs. DifF. = 2° 30' ) t;„>.essivelv diffimlt
Distance = 4".22 1 \ 5 Obs. Diff. = ©".962 ] Excessively difticult.
Observed on the meridian; distances considered a little doubtful. The night is
become so unfavourable, that the small star is seen only with great difficulty.
Passy ; May 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes
Position = 73«» 38' np I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 35' ) ^ ^.g. ,
Distance =4". 145 I 5 O^s. | Diff. = o".4o8 \^^^ aimcuit.
Observed when on the meridian ; but the small star does not admit of a good
illumination of the wires.
Passy ; May 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorfat.
9th and 11th magnitudes.
Position =71° 54' np | 5 Obs. j Diff. = 1° 50'. Excessively difficult.
The small star only visible by glimpses, and then very indistinctly j the observa-
tions by no means satisfactory.
Mean Result.
Position 7S° 46^ np (20 Obs,) ; Epoch 1825.38,-
Distance 4". 090 (15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.37,
and positions of ^^S double and triple stars, 6fr. i8s
No. DCXLVII. R. A. 13' i™ ; Decl. 1° 43' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 13th magnitudes.
Passy ; May 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial. ^
Position = 56° 36' sp I 5 Obs. I DifF. = i° 15' > Excessively difficult.
Distance = 42".582 [ 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".394i ^^^essiveiy oimcuit.
The night is very fine j but the small star is so obscure, that I fear much reliance
must not be placed in the results.
Passy ; May 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 55° 42' sp 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 3' ^ Excessively difiicult
Distance = 43".676 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".i30 ) excessively aimcuit.
Stars of the 8th and 13th, or 14th magnitudes : the smaller one scarcely bears the
least illumination. Observed on the meridj^n. Night fine.
Mean Result.
Position sQ° 9' sp ; Distance 43". 129 ; Epoch 1825.36.
No. DCXLVIII. R. A. 13' 5" ; Decl. 19° o' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 10th and 12th, or 13th magnitudes. If this star be
brought into the upper part of the field, a nebula of consi-
derable magnitude w^ill be found in the low^er part of it.
Passy ; May 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
l8b::|g;ff:l°°.l^s}E««siveiHifficuit.
Position — 25° 55' nf
Distance = i' 27". 847 ;
These stars are so extremely faint, that measures of accuracy cannot be obtained.
Night fine.
Passy ; May 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 13th magnitudes.
Position = 25° z' nf 14 Obs.
Distance = 1' 32". 175 ± | 2 Obs.
Diff! = VM^\ Excessively difficult.
The small star is so extremely indistinct, that the measures are very unsatisfactory j
those of distance are to be regarded as mere approximations.
184 Mr. South* s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCXLVIII. continued.
Passy ; May 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 14th, or 15th magnitudes.
2 Obs. DifF*. = o".6;9 ± ] Excessively difficult.
Position = 25° 7' «/ ] 4 Obs
Distance = 1' 26".888 ±
Night fine, but observations very liable to error, in consequence of the extreme
faintness of the stars.
Mean Result.
Position 35° 22' nf; Distance 1' 28".970 ; Epoch 1825.38.
No. DCXLIX.* R. A. 13^ 22"" ; Decl. 60° 53' N.
y 426 (Bode) Ursse Majoris ; Struve, 440 ; VI. 22.
Double ; 6th and 9th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; April 17, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 20° 57' sf\ 5 Obs. j DifF. == o" 22' )
Distance = 3' i".373 J 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".263 J • • • •
Blackman-street ; April 18, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
6th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 21° 6' */| 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 41")
Distance = 3' i".6i7 j 5 Obs. \ DifF. — i".263 J • • • •
Mean Result.
Position 21** 2' sf; Distance 3' i''.495 ; Epoch 1824.30.
Sir W. Herschel has no measures of this star. (H.)
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, &c. 185
No. DCL. R. A. 13*^ 25" ; Decl. la** ss' S.
Nova ;
Double; 83 and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; May 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position == 59** 1 1' */ i 5 Obs. DifF. = 1° 26' ) Very difficult.
Distance = 4S".852 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".24o3 Extremely difficult.
The small star becomes invisible under a very slight illumination.
Passy ; May 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 59° 8' «/ 1 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 33' > ,, ,. - .^
Distance = ls"'^97 I 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".889 j ^^^ difficult.
Observed when on the meridian, but the small star is very faint.
Mean Result.
Position 59° 10' sf; Distance 4>5"'5^4> ; Epoch 1825.35.
No. DCLI. R. A. 13^ 27- ; Decl. 25° 35' S.
Nova;
Double ; 8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Passy ; May 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 7y° 2' sp \ s Obs. I DifF. =r 2° 8' ) ^t j
Distance = io''.363 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".4oo5 Unsteady.
Within a few minutes of the meridian, when observed.
Passy ; May 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
^ 8th and 8j magnitudes.
Position = 7y° 59' sp ] 5 Obs. Diff. = 1° 21' ) ^^ , , , ^ .
Distance = io".337 | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".4o8 j tolerably steady.
Observed on the meridian. Night fine.
Mean Result.
Position 77° so' sp ; Distance io".350 ; Epoch 1825.34.
MDCCCXXVI. b b
186 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCLII. R. A. 13"^ 36"^ ; Decl. 9** 4o' S.
Nova;
Double ; 9th and 9\ magnitudes ; the smaller star does not
bear a very good illumination.
Passy ; May 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 57° 21' «/{ 5 Obs.
Distance s= S3"'^4-3 I 5 ^^s.
DifF. = I* 18' \ T^-« 1^
DifF.
Observed on the meridian. Night very favourable.
Passy ; May 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Position = 56° 19' sf 5 Obs. DifF. - 1° z' )
Distance = S^"'°9S 5 Obs. DifF. = o".S6s | ' * * '
Mean Result.
Position 56° 50' sf; Distance 53".S69; Epoch 1825.35.
No. DCLIII. R. A. 13^^ 38"" ; Decl. 19° 18' N.
Nova ;
Double; 8th and 11th magnitudes: the small star scarcely
bears any illumination.
Passy ; May 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 83° o' «p I 5 Obs. I DifF. = o" 54' ) ,. ^ , ,.«. .
Distance = 3o".257 ^ | 5 Obs. | DifF. = C.+Jz \ Extremely difficuh.
Observed when 15 minutes east of the meridian. Night favourable.
Passy ; May 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 82*' CO' sp I 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = 1° 50' | ^^^ . , ,.«; ,^
Distance = 3o".778 1 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".36o5 Excessively difhcult.
Night fine, but the small star bears only the most scanty illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 82° 55' sp; Distance 3o".5i7 ; Epoch 1825.36.
and positions of 4,58 double and triple stars , &c, 187
No. DCLIV. R. A. 13^ 40™ ; Decl. S9° 25' N.
Nova;
Double ; 8th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; April 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 32° 29' «p I 5 Obs. | DifF. = o° 48' ) Very difficult.
Distance = i' io".599 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".962 ) Extremely difficult.
The small star scarcely bears the slightest illumination.
Passy ; May 27, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and II th magnitudes.
Position =. 31" 57' sp I c Obs. \ DiiF. = 0° 20') ,;- ,.«. ,^
Distance = i' m(o8q 5 Obs. Diff. = i".4gi ( ^'"^ ^'''^^•
.089 j 5 Obs. I Diff. = i".49i j
Mean Result.
Position 32° 13' sp ; Distance 1' 10^^844 ; Epoch 1825.36.
No. DCLV. R. A. is'^ 42°^ ; Decl. 18° ss' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; May 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = i3*» 59' n/ 1 5 Obs. 1 Diff. = 1° 38' ) ^ _ , ,.^ ,
Distance = 35".i48 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = 2".o43 ] Extremely difficult.
Observed on the meridian. Night fine, but the small star is very faint.
Passy ; May 27, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 140 i' nf I 5 Obs. Diff. = 1° 40' ) e- * 1 a-o. u
Distance= 34".66r | 5 Obs. Diff. =o".9i3 j ^""^'^"^^^V ^^^^cult.
Mean Result.
Position 14° o' nf-. Distance 35''.o54 ; Epoch 1825.37.
1 88 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCLVI. R. A. IS** 42" ; Decl. 22° 12' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 7th and 8th magnitudes.
Passy ; March 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 62° o^ sp
Distance= i' 25".S99
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. =
DifF. =
Observed when z^ 40' east of the meridian.
Passy ; March 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8th magnitudes.
Position r= 61° 41' * p I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° o' | tt„c«.oo^„
Distance= 1' z6".^bj \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".i3oi "^^^teady.
Mean Result.
Position 61° 50' sp (lo Obs.); Distance i' ^6".oss (lo Obs.);
Epoch 1825.20.
No. D CLVII. R. A. 1 s^ 46- ; * Decl. 7° 1 2' S.
Nova ;
Double; 8^ and 9th magnitudes: the small star bears a
tolerable illumination.
Passy ; May 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 39° 4' nf
Distance = 2"'S^9
5 Obs. I Diff. = 3° 5' ) Rather difficult.
5 Obs. 1 Diff. =:o".48i 5 Difficult.
Observed when on the meridian. Stars tolerably well defined, but unsteady,
tried to use a higher power than 181, but could not do it advantageously.
Passy ; May 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8 J and 9| magnitudes.
Position = 37° 29' nf 1 5 Obs. I Diff. 2° 36' ) p.;-!;^,,,^
Distance = ^".928 | 5 Obs. | Diff. o".24o ] D^^cult.
A magnifying power of 181 is insufficient to separate distinctly these stars from
each other ; but under a higher power they become pale and ill defined.
Passy ; June 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Distance r= 2".639 ) 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".336. Very difficult.
Observed when 50 minutes west of the meridian. Night fine.
Mean Result.
Position 38° 16' nf; Epoch 1825.35 ; Distance 9,". 699 ;
Epoch 1825.39.
and positions of ^^S double and triple stars, &c. 189
No. DCLVIII. R. A. 13^ 51*" ; Decl. 26° 41'N.
Struve, 449 ; Hist. Gael. 335 ;
Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes ; small star decidedly blue.
Blackman-street ; April 18, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 29° 12' .^ I 5 Obs. Diff. = I* 9' \ Difficult.
Distance z= 4 '737 | 5 Obs. Dirt. = o".632 )
Blackman-street ; April 19, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 28° 32' sp I 5 Obs. DifF. = 1** 13' ) p.-^^ ,.
Distance = s"-29S \ 5 Obs. DilF. = o".889 j ^^"^cult.
Mean Result.
Position 28° 52' sp ; Distance 5".oi6 ; Epoch 1824.30.
No. DCUX.* R. A. 13^ 56"" ; Decl. 17° 12' S.
Struve, 451 ; Hist. Gael. 233 ;
Double ; 9th and 11th, or 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; June 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 70° 10' sf c Obs. [ DifF. r= i** 4' ) tj . , ,.«- ,^
Distance = 3^.625 5 Obs. | DiiF. = i".875 1 ^^"''^^"^^ ^^*^^^*-
Observed when on the meridian, but small star very indistinct.
Passy ; June 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 79° 44' sf
Distance = 3i".577
5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 28' I ,T- K4. f ui
5 Obs. I Diff. = o".937 1 ^'g^* ^*^^ favourable.
Measures not excessively difficult. Stars steady.
Passy; June 12, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 12th magnitudes.
Distance =3 1".889 | 5 Obs. J Diff. = i".o82. Excessively difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 19" ^i sf'. Epoch 1825.43 ; Distance 32*.o3i ;
Epoch 1825.44.
190 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. D CLX. R. A. 14'* o' ; Decl. 22° s' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 8^ and 1 oth magnitudes : large, white ; small, blue.
Passy ; May 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = Sep 9' n/ 1 5 Obs. Diff. = 3° 35' > Difficult.
Distance = 4 .741 | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".36o5 Very difficult.
Observed when on the meridian ; the small star does not bear a good illumination.
Passy ; May 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8f and 1 Oth magnitudes.
Position = 70° 17'n/ 5 Obs. I Diff. = 3° 34' \ Very difficult
Distance = 5".035 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".48 1]^^^ aimcuit.
The small star is blue, and bears but the most feeble illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 69° 4S' nf'. Distance 4^.888 ; Epoch 1 825.35*
No. DCLXI. R. A. 14^^ 1" ; Decl. 2'> 30' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Passy ; May 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position s 62° 23' »/] 5 Obs. I Diff. = i° 2' ) A hw minutes west
Distance = 7".988 | 5 Obs. j Diff. =0". 3 84) of the meridian.
Passy; May 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9| and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 63° 20' nf\ 5 Obs. 1 Diff. = 1" 15' ) Difficult.
Distances 7".886 | 5 Obs. j Diff. = o".4o83 Very difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 62° 51' nf'. Distance 7".937 ; Epoch 1825.35.
Position 16® 48' sf \ 5 Obs.
Distance i^'.^6 J 5 Obs.
and positions 0/458 double and triple stars, &c\ 191
No. DCLXII. R. A. 14^ 3" ; Decl. 29° 35' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; May 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 18° 1/ s/\ 5 Obs. I Diff. = 3,: ^' I Excessively difficult.
Distances 13 '.349 | 5 Obs. J Diff. = i .2503 '
Observed on the meridian. Night fine; but the small star is extremely faint, and
scarcely bears any illumination.
Passy ; May 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Siff! = f'."o } Excessively difficult.
Small star is blue, and allows only the most feeble illumination,
Passy ; June 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and I2th magnitudes.
Distance = i3".6o7 | 5 Obs. j Diff. = d'.()bz. Excessively difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 17° 32' sf\ Epoch 1825.35 ; Distance i3".8oi ;
Epoch 1825.37.
No. DCLXIII. R. A. 14'' 40" ; Decl. 23° 30' S.
Nova;
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; May 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 51° 14' « o 5 Obs. Diff. = 1° 28' ) j^.^. ..
Distance= s6".624 5 Obs. Diff. = o".48i ] ^^^^^ult.
Observed when 10 minutes east of the meridian.
Passy ; May 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 50° 33' sp I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 58' ) Difficult.
Distance = 56^769 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".4oB 3 Very difficult.
• Observed on the meridian ; but stars not steady.
Mean Result.
Position 50" 53' sp ; Distance 56".696; Epoch 1825.35.
192 Mr. South's observations oj the apparent distances
No. DCLXIV. R. A. 14^ 53" ; Decl. 16° 29' N.
Nova;
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Passy ; May 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
Position z= 84° 9' «p I 5 Obs. I DifF. =0° 58' ) „ .• r .
Distance = 2j".7s6 5 Obs. | DifF. =o".8i7l ^^^^^^^'^^^^y*
Measures easy j each star bears a tolerable illumination.
Passy ; May 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9| and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 83° ^6' sp 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 12' ) ^.a. ,.
Distance = zs.'pip 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".432 ] ^^^^cult.
Mean Result.
Position 84° 9.' sp; Distance 25".837 ; Epoch 1825.35.
No. DCLXV. R. A. 14^ 65"^ ; Decl. 17° 13' S.
Nova ;
Double ; Si- and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 2° g' sf\ 5 Obs.
Distance = 24".7i5 j 5 Obs.
DifF. = lO 15' ■) Difficult.
Diff. = o".553 3 Very difficult.
Passy ; May 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and II th magnitudes.
5 Obs. I Diff. = o« 35' ^ ,. ,.-e .^
5 Obs. I Diff. = o".866l V^^y ^^^'^^^^^
Observed on the meridian. Night fine.
Position = 1° 35' */
Distance = 25".428
Passy ; June 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 1° 49' «/ 1 5 Obs. I Diff. = i° 9' ) Difficult.
Distance = 25".^67 | 5 Obs. j Diff. = i".27o5 Very difficult.
Observed on the meridian : the small star bears but a very feeble illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 1° 51' sf; Distance 25^270; Epoch 1825.35.
and positions o/*458 double and triple stars, &c. 193
No. DCLXVI. R. A. 14*^ 56" ; Decl. 75** 36' N.
33 (Bode) Ursse Minoris ; South's Catalogue.
Double ; 6th and 9th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; June 8, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 52° 6' n/ I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 19' )
Distance = 2' 53".259 | 5 Obs. | DifF. =: i".322 5 • • • »
Passy; June 12, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 52° o'nf 5 Obs. I Diff.= 0° 20' ) tt„.«..-j„
Distance = 2' 53".ioi 5 Obs. | Diff.= o".84i j ^""eaay.
Mean Result.
Position 52° 3' nf; Distance 2' 53". 180 ; Epoch 1824.94.
No. DCLXVII. R. A. 15^ 3" ; Decl. 4° 55' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 1 3th magnitudes.
Passy ; May 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 65® 30' rap I C Obs. 1 DiflF. = o° 42' ) -. . , ,.- .
Distance = 3i".i75 I 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".i22} E^^ssively difficult.
The small star bears only the slightest illumination ; and unless the weather is
very favourable, it cannot be seen even in the unilluminated field of view of this
instrument, with a power of i8i. Observed with 92.
Passy ; June 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 12th, or 13th magnitudes. '
Position = 65° 39' np I 5 Obs. | DifF. = 1° 45' 1 E^cefsivelv difficult
Distance = 32". 188 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".84i § excessively dimcult.
Night fine ; but the small star scarcely bears the least illumination.
Observations made with 92.
Mean Result.
«
Position 65° 39' np ; Distance si".i8i ; Epoch 1825.39.
MDCCCXXVI. c c
194 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCLXVIII. R. A. 15^ 4" ; Decl. 39* 38' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and isth, or 15th magnitudes.
Passy; June 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 64° 56' np I 5 Obs. | DifF. = 2° 58' i p3,,„_i„_,„ difficult
Distance = io".6 15 j 6 Obs. | DiflF. = i". 1 30 J ^excessively ditticult.
Night remarkably fine ; yet the small star is so extremely obscure, that the results
may be a little erroneous.
Passy ; June 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 59°!?' np I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 3° 55' ? r«„,„, •„„i„ j:^:^,,^.
Distance = 56".866 ^ | 5 Ots. | DifF. = o".6oi \ Excessively difficult.
The small star is light blue, and bears scarcely the least illumination ; the mea-
sures must be regarded with suspicion.
Passy ; June 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 14th, or 15th magnitudes.
Position = 63° ^' np I 5 Obs.
Position = 63° 30' np \ 5 Obs.
Diff = i° % \ Excessively difficult.
The first set was gotten with a power of 92 ; the second with 157. The small
star is light blue, and with 181, (the commonly used eye-piece,) it could scarcely be
distinguished. Observed when on the meridian. Night very favourable.
^^^^^-<^^ Mean Result. • ^i^ov., ■. •: , .
Position 63° 50'np ; Distance 10". 740; Epoch 1825.44.
In taking the mean, the position observed on June lo, is
excluded.
and positions 0/4*58 double and triple stars y &c. 195
No. DCLXIX. R. A. i^'^ 5" ; Decl. 15° 5'N.
Nova ;
Double ; 10th and 13th, or 15th magnitudes.
Passy; June 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 74° 30' nf
Distance = 6". 297
7 0bs. Diff. = 6° 33' J Very doubtful.
5 Obs. Difr. = o .577) ^
These stars will bear neither illumination nor magnifying power. With 181
nothing could be obtained worth transcribing; and 157 was tried unsuccessfully.
The observations were made with 92, the lowest power I have ; and were attended
with such extreme difficulty, that I regard them as little else than approximations.
The stars on the meridian when observed, and the night unusually fine.
Passy ; June 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 710 46' nf I 7 Obs. I DifF. = 3° 15' ] Rxcessivelv difficult
Distance = s".8i7 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".6oi j Excessively ditticult.
The stars are so extremely pale, that a higher power than 92 cannot be used :
the results are very suspicious : I have no confidence in their accuracy. The night
is remarkably favourable for difficult observations.
Mean Result.
Position 73° S'nf; Distance 6". 057 ; Epoch 1825.44.
No. DCLXX. R. A. 15^ 10™; Decl. 2«28'N.
5 Serpentis ; Struve, 480 ; III. 106.
Double ; 7th and 15th magnitudes.
Passy ; June 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =51° 17' nf 5 Obs. DifF. = 2° 3' ) Extremely difficult.
Distance = io".68o 5 Obs. DifF. = o".72i J Excessively difficult.
Observed when on the meridian with a power of 92; with 181 and 157 I could
not see the small star, which bears so very feeble an illumination, that the accuracy
of the results is perhaps a little questionable.
196 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCLXX. continued.
Passy ; June 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 15th, or 20th magnitudes. *
Position = 49° 45' nf \ 2 Obs. | Diff. = 3° 29'. Excessively difficult.
The small star will not bear the slightest illumination. No measures of distance
can be procured, and these of position are little else than approximations.
Passy; June 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 1 5 th magnitudes.
Position =: ^\° & nf\ 5 Obs.
Distance = io".7i6 ] 5 Obs.
DiiF. = 2*' 20' i „ . , ..«- 1,
DifF — o" 601 4 Excessively difficult.
Observed on the meridian. Night fine ; but the small star will bear only the most
feeble illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 50° 57' «/; Distance io".698 ; Epoch 1825.45.
Sir W. Herschel has no measures of this star. (H.)
No. DCLXXI. R. A. 15*^ 18" ; Decl. 10° 20' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; May 27, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =: 43° 15' «/ 1 5 Obs.
Distance r= 9".487 J 5 Obs.
Diff. = 2° o' \ Extremely difficult.
Diff. zz d'.gSz \ Excessively difficult.
The small star will not bear a good illumination. Night fine.
Passy; May 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 13 th magnitudes.
Position = 42° 14' sf\ 5 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 23' ) Excessively difficult.
Distance = 9 .659 ( 4 Obs. | Diff. = o".9i3 ) ^
From the extreme faintness of the small star, great reliance must not be placed in
the accuracy of these measures. Night tolerably good.
Mean Result.
Position 42° 44' sf\ Distance 9' .573 ; Epoch 1825.41.
and positions of 4!58 double and triple stars, &c. 197
No. DCLXXII. R. A. 15^^ 22"" ; Decl. 19° 35' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; May 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 13° sg'np 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 43' ) j^-ffi-^,.
Distance = i i-'.ipp 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".432 5 ^-'"^cuit.
The small star is decidedly light blue, and is rendered more distinct by slight illu-
mination. Observed on the meridian.
Passy ; May 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 12° 50' np I c Obs. I DiiF. = i°4':' ) xr j-a: 1^
Distance = ii".738 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = ,»ji, J Very difficult.
Stars on the meridian when observed ; the smaller is blue, and bears but a feeble
illumination. Night fine.
Mean Result.
Position IS** 14' np ; Distance ii".468 ; Epoch 1825,35.
No. DCLXXIII. R. A. 15^ 23" ; Decl. 23' 52' S.
Nova ;
Double ; equal, each 8t magnitude.
Passy ; May 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 27° 14'njo or */| 5 Obs. DifF. zz 1° 6' ^
Distance = 9". 1 66 ) 5 Obs. Diff. = d\^Si] • i 5 •
Observed when a few minutes east of the meridian. Measures satisfactory. Night
very favourable.
Passy ; May 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8f magnitudes.
Position = 27O 34' np I c Obs. I DifF. =.• i« 57' | t..«.„ ,^
Distance = p'.ipo ^ | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".745l ^^^^"^*-
Observed on the meridian, but night unfavourable.
Mean Result.
Position 27« 4,^' np or 5/; Distance 9".i78 ; Epoch 1825.37.
198 Mr. South* s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCLXXIV. R. A. 15^ 32"^ ; Decl. se"" 54' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and S^ magnitudes.
Passy ; May 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 4° 55' sp I 5 Obs. DifF. = i° 20' ) g , . ,, , g ,
Distance = i5".855 j 5 Obs. DifF. = o".4o8 ] ^^^^"^^ ^"*^ ^^" delined.
A few minutes west of the meridian when observed.
Passy ; May 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 5° 6' 50 I 5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 26' ) o,.- r,^.^„.
Distance = J5".44i | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".3365 Satisfactory.
Observed on the meridian. Stars tolerably steady.
Mean Result.
Position 5° o' sp\ Distance 15^.648 ; Epoch 1825.37.
No. DCLXXV. R. A. 15^ 51' ; Decl. 22° 16' N.
Nova;
Triple ; A of the 9th, B of the 10th, and C of the 8th mag-
nitudes.
Measures of A B.
Blackman-street ; July 8, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 62° 49' sp j 5 Obs.
Distance = s"'35^ I 5 ^'^s.
DifF. = 1° 15' 7 Very difficult.
DifF. = o".432 3 Extremely difficult.
The small star bears but the most feeble illumination. Observed when 45 minutes
west of the meridian.
Passy ; June 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 6oO 44' ^P 5 Obs. Diff. = 2° 32' 1 y ^^^^^^^
Distance = 4 .821 5 Obs. Diff. =0.529) '
Observed on the meridian. Night fine ; but neither star bears a good illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 61° 46' 5/); Distance 5".o86 ; Epoch 1824.98,
and positions of 4; 58 double and triple stars, &c, 199
No. DCLXXV. continued.
Measures of A C.
Blackman-street ; June 8, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position =33° 45' sp | 5 Obs. j Diff. = 1° 15'. Difficult.
(C being to the south of A.)
Observed on the meridian ;, but night very bad.
Blackman-street ; July 8, 182 1 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 8th magnitudes.
= i' i".539 I s Obs. I Diff. = 2".09i 5 ^^^ aimcuir.
(The star C being to the south of A.)
Position rr
Distance :
Passy ; June 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 8th magnitudes.
Distance = i' i".527 | 5 Obs. [ Diff. =o".ygi. Very difficult.
The proximity of the star B to A, and neither of them bearing a good illumina-
tion, or a high magnifying power to separate them considerably from each other,
render the observations of distance of the two stars A C difficult. (The star C is
to the south of A.) Night pretty fine.
Mean Result.
Position ss*' 34' sp ; Epoch 1824.48 ; Distance 1' i".5S3 ;
Epoch 1824.98.
No. DCLXXVI. R. A. 15^ 54"^ ; Decl. 33° 52' N.
p Coronse ; Struve, 503 ; VI. 93-
Double ; 6th and 15th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy; June 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position - 34° 34' sf\ 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 34' ^ _. . , .._ ,
Distance = 1' i8".799 I 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".962 \ Excessively difficult.
Observed with 92 : with a higher power I could not distinguish the small star,
even under the most feeble illumination. The night is fine ; but the measures are
attended with such extreme difficulty, that those of distance are perhaps liable to a
little inaccuracy.
200 Mr, South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCLXXVI. continued.
Passy; June 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 35° 14' */| 5 Obs.
Distance=i'2o".22i | 5 Obs.
Diff = o" fzA Excessively difficult.
Observed on the meridian with 92 ; with a higher power the small star is not
visible ; the measures of distance were obtained with the utmost difficulty, and are
perhaps of a suspicious character.
Passy ; June 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 15th or 20th magnitudes.
Position z= 35° 30' */ | 5 Obs. | DifF.=: 1° 1'. Excessively difficult.
Observed with 92. Night tolerably good ; but I could not procure a single measure
of distance.
Passy ; June 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 14th or 15th magnitudes.
Distance = 1' i8".568 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = 2".o43. Excessively difficult.
Observed with 92. Stars very steady, and 45 minutes west of the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 35° 6' 5/; Distance 1' 19". 196; Epoch 1825.48.
Sir W. Herschel states the position of this star on the
20th August 1783 at 54° 27' sf, and its distance at 1' 27". 73.
This is indeed a surprising change in a star of the 6th class,
and which can hardly be real. It is more than probable that
a mistake of a revolution (22^ ) in the reading off of the
micrometer took place in the earlier measure, which would
conciliate the results within about 3°. Piazzi's catalogue
assigns no proper motion to this star. (H.)
and positions of 4<s8 double and triple stars , &c. 201
No. DCLXXVII. R. A. i6«» 15"^ ; Decl. 14° 15'N.
Struve, 517 ; II. 88.
Double; 8th and 12th magnitudes; small, decidedly light
blue.
Passy ; June 30, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 48° 44' np j 5 Obs.
Distance = 6".828 | 5 Obs.
j^-rp' a" A 4 Excessively difficult.
Observed when 20 minutes west of the meridian. Stars very steady ; night fine ;
but the smaller bears only the slightest illumination.
Passy; July 4, 1825 ; Seven- feet Equatorial.
8th and 13th or 14th magnitudes.
Position =: 47° 29' 71 p \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o''42'. On the meridian.
The small star is light blue, but is so extremely faint, that I cannot get any
observations of distance ; the angles were procured with excessive difficulty.
Passy ; July 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 13th magnitudes.
Position = 48° 57' np | 5 Obs. j DifF. zr i° 14'. On the meridian.
The small star decidedly light blue, and under the most feeble illumination is so
extremely indistinct, that measures of distance are impracticable.
Passy ; July 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Distance = 6".yii J 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".4o8. Extremely difficult.
Observed when 30 minutes west of the meridian ; but the small star is extremely
indistinct, and scarcely bears the least illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 48° 23' np ; Distance g!',tjo\ Epoch 1825.51.
In 1783 the position of this star was 44° 45' np, and its
distance 6 or 7"; no material change therefore has taken
place in it. (H.)
MDCCCXXVI. d d
202 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCLXXVIII. R. A. 16^ i6>° ; Decl. 32° 45' N.
23 Herculis; Struve, 518 ; V. 88.
Double ; 7th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy; June 17, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 69° 24' n/ f 5 Obs. Diff. = o° 30' "> ^ ^ , ,.«. ,^
Distance = i&'.glg ^ \ 5 Obs. Diff. = d'.sSZ \ ^""^'^"^^^y ^^^^"^^-
The small star bears but a very feeble illumination.
Passy; June 18, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 69° s^'nf I 5 Obs. I DifF. = i' 12' j difficult
Distance = 36".78o | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".769 ] ^i^^cuit.
Observed on the meridian j night fine ; but the small star does not bear a good
illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 69"^ SS' nf; Distance 36".844; Epoch 1825.46.
This cannot be the same star as that described by Sir
W. Herschel as V. 88, whose angle of position is stated at
54° 6' spin 1783. (H.)
san^ii-Mti via i.
No. DCLXXIX. R. A. iG"" 32"" ; DecL 23° 23' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes.
Passy; May 27, 1825; Seven- feet Equatorial.
Position = 1° 13' «/
Distances 16". 860
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = 0° 30' ) c ^- f *
Passy ; June 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and 9th magnitudes.
Position = qo 58' «/ I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 55' ) <,. ,
Distance = i7".2o8 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".865 j ^'^eaay.
Mean Result.
Position i'' ^ sf; Distance i7".034; Epoch 1825.42.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, &c, 203
No. DCLXXX. R. A. 16^ 35" ; Decl. 13** 58' N.
Nova ;
Double; 9th and 13th magnitudes.
Passy ; June 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 65° 26' np I 5 Obs. | Diff. = i^ 14 { Excessively difficult.
Distance z= 13 .535 | 5 Obs. [ Difr. := o'.^zg ) '
The night is very favourable, but the small star will not bear the slightest illumi-
mination ; hence the results are liable to some inaccuracy.
Passy; June 12,1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 1 2th magnitudes.
Position =65°46'n/>
Distance = i4"-323
^ - ■ I * ^ > Excessively difficult.
5 Obs. I Diff. = i".274^
Observed on the meridian. Night fine j but neither star bears much illumination.
Mean Result,
Position 6s° 36' np ; Distance is" -9^9 ; Epoch 1825.45.
No. D CLXXXI. R. A. 16^ 38°^ ; Decl. 28° 42' N.
46 Herculis ; Struve, 532 ; I. 79.
Double ; 7th and 1 2th magnitudes ; small star decidedly blue,
and becomes much more distinct by slight illumination.
Blackman-street ; April 28, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position =73° 46' sf
Distances: 4". 396
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff! = i".073 [ Extremely difficult.
Observed when 3'* 10' east of the meridian ; the results must therefore not be
deemed standard.
Blackman-street ; June 29, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
7 th and 1 0th magnitudes.
Position = 71° 8' */ | 5 Obs.
Position = 70° 44' */ 1 5 Obs.
The first series was observed when the stars were one hour east of the meridian,
without artificial illumination; the last when they were 35 minutes distant firom
it. During strong twilight the blue colour of the small star was very decided.
Diff. = 3° o' 7 By twilight.
Diff. = S° S^' i 2y lamp illumination.
204 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCLXXXI. continued.
Blackman-street ; same date ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 71° 12' sf\ s Obs. I DifF. = 1° 17' } Re^narkablv steadv
Distance = 6".77o j 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".288 5 ^en^arKably steady.
Observed when ten minutes east of the meridian.
Blackmail-Street; July 3, 1824; Five-feet Equatorial.
7 th and 11th magnitudes.
Position =
Distance
= 74° 43' sf I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 20' ) ,. ..n- ,^
= 6'tiH n 5 Obs. I Diff. = o".632i ^"^ ^^^"''^'-
Observed when the stars were a few minutes west of the meridian, but the night
by no means favourable.
Passy; March 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th magnitudes.
Position =: 72° 3' «/ j 2 Obs. DifF. = 0° 15' ) Mons. Bouvard.
Position 1= 71*49' sf \ 2 Obs. DifF. — 3^51' j South.
Observed when three hours east of the meridian. Stars very unsteady ; measures
of distance impracticable.
Passy ; June 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and i4th or 15 th magnitudes.
Position = 75° 46' sf | 5 Obs. [ DifF.= 2" 8'. Excessively difHcult.
Observed on the meridian, but the small star is so extremely indistinct that no
measures of distance can be procured j and the observations of position are very
suspicious.
Passy ; June 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th magnitudes.
. Position = 749 i' 5/1 7 Obs. [ DifF. = 5° 2'. Extremely difficult.
Stars on the meridian; the smaller is very indistinct. Measures taken with the
greatest care ; but on account of the unsteadiness of the stars, they perhaps ought
not to be considered standard.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, &c» 205
No. DCLXXXI. continued.
Passy ; June 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 73° 5 1' sf I 7 Obs. DifF. = 3° 47' 1 difficult
Distance = 5".364 j 5 Obs. DifF. = o".2645 ^^"icuit.
Observed on the meridian. Stars well defined, and tolerably steady.
Passy ; June 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th magnitudes ; small, light blue.
Position = 74° 10' sf [ 7 Obs. DifF. = 1° 10' ) ^ difficult
Distance = 4^79 1 J 5 Obs. DifF. = o".36o j ^°^ tli«icuit.
Observed when 10 minutes west of the meridian. Evening very favourable ;
stars remarkably steady, and well defined. The results highly satisfactory.
Examined the large star with 41 3 and 512, but found it perfectly round j hence the
discordances do not arise from any elongation of itt under the ordinary observing
powers employed.
Passy; June 30, 1825;. Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 77° i?'sf\7 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 7' 1 r):ffi-„i.
Distance = 5". 193 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = 0^793 j ^i°icuit.
Observed when 15 minutes west of the meridian. Stars faint, but very steady.
Passy ; July 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Position =75° 11'*/
Distance = 5". 103
7 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff! = o".6oi ] Excessively difficult.
Observed when 10 minutes west of the meridian. Stars tolerably steady, but the
small one is very faint.
Mean Result.
Position 7S° 51' sf(69 Observations); Epoch 1825.05.
Distance 5".s9i {36 Observations); Epoch 1825.04.
A single measure in 1783 gave 66° 36' sf for the position
of this star, while another in 1802 gave 76° 18 . The present
angle lies between them. This is a case, where from the
2o6 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCLXXXI. continued.
great inequality and closeness of the two stars, single mea-
sures cannot be regarded as of any weight ; hence no certain
conclusion can be drawn respecting its motion or rest. The
distance however seems to have increased materially, as
.5". 391 is much too great for a star of the first class ; and in
1783 the interval between the discs was stated at from 1 to i|^
diameter, according to the power used. This star should be
watched: it is said to have a proper motion of o'^l4 per
annum in R. A. (H.)
No. DCLXXXII. R. A. iS'^ S9™ ; Decl. 30° 18' N.
Nova;
Quadruple ; A of the 9th, B of the 12th, C of 9|-, and D of
the 15th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; June 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
Position = 59° 9' sf c Obs. I DifF. = i° 44' 7^ . , ,.«. ,
Distance = 4".8o9 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".986 jExcessively difficult.
Night very fine, but the small star is extremely faint.
Passy ; [June 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 60° 16' sf c Obs. DifF. = 2° 57' 7 ,, ^ , ..- .
Distance = I4".7i3 5 Obs. DifF. = o".86s j Extremely difficult.
Night favourable j but the small star is very indistinct.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; June 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9| magnitudes.
Position = 50° za! sf\s Obs. DifF. = 1° 18' \ ^r „ ,
Distance = i' ^'.^zi \ 5 Obs. Diff. = d'.^Sz ] ^"'^ ^ood.
and positions of 458 double and triple stars, ^c 207
No. DCLXXXII. continued.
Passy; June 12, 1825; Seven -feet Equatorial.
9tli and "9^ magnitudes.
Position = 50^30' sf\ 5 Obs.
Distance := 1' /^".ojb j 5 Obs.
DifF. =
DifF.
■ H o" 86c t Satisfactory.
Measures of A D.
Passy ; June 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 15th magnitudes.
Position zz 75° 30' nf; very suspicious ; (single measure.)
Distance estimated 3 or 4 seconds nearer to A than is the star C ; but from extreme
obscurity of D no measures can be obtained.
Passy; June 12, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and J 5th, or 20th magnitudes.
Position = 77° o' nf; very precarious ; (single measure.)
No measure of distance practicable. Night fine.
Mean Result.
of AB. Position 59° 4^' 5/; Distance 14/'. 761;
of AC. Position 50° 27' sf; Distance 1' 4^.299 ;
of A D. Position 76° i5'nf±; estimated distance 1 minute;
Epoch 1825.44.
No. DCLXXXIII. R. A. 16^^ 42"^ ; Decl. 36° 15' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes ; the small star does not
bear a good illumination.
Passy ; June 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Diff! = o".384} Extremely difficult.
Position =1 69** 19' nf\ 5 Obs.
Distance = 7".249 j 5 Obs.
Passy ; June 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 1 0th magnitudes.
Position =: 69*' 41' nf
Distance =: 7".o67
5 Obs.
*o*
DifF. = o°57'
5 Obs. DifF. = o".288 5 ^^^
difficult.
Small star is light blue, and bears only a very feeble illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 69° so' nf; Distance 7".i58 ; Epoch 1825.44.
2o8 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCLXXXIV. R. A. i?^ 3" ; Decl. 30° si N.
Nova ;
Double; 7th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; June 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 88° 59' sf\ s Obs. | DifF. = i° 27' 7 ^ ^^ .
Distance = z^'.S^z \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".505 5 ^^^^ dimcuit.
The small star bears only a very feeble illumination.
Passy ; June 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 1 1th magnitudes.
The small star is extremely faint.
Mean Result.
Position 89i<* lo' sf\ Distance 24".499 ; Epoch 1825.46.
No. DCLXXXV. R. A. 17^ 6"» ; Decl. 26° 35' S.
38 Ophiuchi ; I. 35 ; South's Catalogue.
Double; 8th and 12th, or 13th magnitudes.
Passy; July 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position rr 61° 9' np
Distance r= 6".249
7 Obs. I DifF. = 9° o' ) TT ^ A
5 Obs. I DifF. = o".962l Unsteady.
The small star is so excessively indistinct, that the measures, especially those of
distance, must only be regarded as approximations-.
The star here observed is indisputably 38 Ophiuchi. I had
re-measured 36 Ophiuchi for it in Blackman-street twice
during the summer of last year ; not having found any other
double star in the neighbourhood. On comparing however
my observations with Sir W. Herschel's, it was evident thai
we had not measured the same star ; and by close attention
the small star of 38 Ophiuchi was perceived. My first attempts
to determine the distance proving unsuccessful, cautious esti-
mation regarded it as 5 or 6 seconds : the night however
having somewhat improved, the above observations of it were
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars , &c. 209
No. DCLXXXV. continued.
procured. There is a small star* between 36 and 38, but
which when examined with 413 and 512, 1 could not suspect
to be double ; nor was the large star of 38 sub-divided by
those powers.
Passy ; July 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 13th, or 15th magnitudes.
Position rs 62° 12' np
Distance = 7".7S$
7 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff! = ©".360 j Excessively difficult.
The small star is so extremely obscure, that the measures deserve but very little
confidence. Observed on the meridian. Night favourable.
Passy; July 14, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 14th, or 15th magnitudes.
Position = 60° S3'np\7 Obs. | Diff. = 3° S/ I Excessively difficult.
Distance = 7 .359 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".6oi > '
Observed on the meridian with 157 : the small star so extremely faint, that with
181, the common observing power, I could not distinguish it. The accuracy of the
results very questionable,
Passy ; July 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 13th, or 14th magnitudes.
Position = S9° 5' ^P
Distance = 7".i SS
7 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff! = ?".25o j Extremely unsteady.
The measures are so excessively difficult, that I feel but little confidence in their
accuracy.
Mean Result.
Position 60° 50' np('28 Obs.) ; Distance i'.isi ; Epoch 1825.53.
If the star here measured be really the same with I. 35, its
distance must be much increased. 7". 137 is a great distance,
for a star even of the 2nd class. In 1783 it is described as
having the interval of the discs only 1^ diameter of the large
star, which, for a star of the 8th magnitude, could hardly
correspond to more than 4" from centre to centre. The
angles, it is true, agree — that given by Sir W. Herschel in
1783 being 60° 48' npy differing only 2' from its present value.
This star requires further observation. (H.)
• This star is 30 Scorpii, and it is the only star in the neighbourhood which is
likely to be mistaken for 38 Ophiuchi.
MDCCCxxvi. e e
210 Mr. South* s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCLXXXVI. R. A. 17M1-; Decl. 28° 57' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; June 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 85° 59' nf i 5 Obs. DifF. = o° 39' I Tolerably steady
Distance = 55".! 17 I 5 Obs. ] Diff. = o".72i ] °^^^^°^y "^^°y*
Passy ; June 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 85° 4' nf
Distance r=: 5 4". 847
5 0!>- I P!ff- = °! 56', ^ Very difficult.
5 Obs. I Diff. = o".336
The small star is yery indistinct.
Mean Result.
Position 85° 31' nf; Distance 54".982 ; Epoch 1825.46.
No. DCLXXXVII. R. A. 17MS" ; Decl. 24*^ 41' N,
70 Herculis ; Struve, 543.
Double ; 5th and 9th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; July 10, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 33° 30' nf\ 5 Obs. I Diff. = o° 30' \ t);^-,.
Distance = 3' 37"433 I 5 Obs. I Diff = i".i68 ( ^^"^cult.
The small star bears much less illumination, than its apparent magnitude would
lead us to expect. The night is cloudy j but between the clouds the stars are yery
brilliant.
Passy ; June 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 1 1 th magnitudes.
Position = 33* 23' nf
Distance = 3' 39".432
5 Obs.
2 Obs.
Diff = o''.?68 } E^tre«^ely difficult.
The small star becomes invisible under a yery feeble illumination ; the distance is
very suspicious.
Passy; July 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and lOth magnitudes.
Distance = 3' 38".i5i | 5 Obs. \ Diff.= i".875. Very steady.
Mean Result.
Position 33° ^^ nf\ Epoch 1825.00 ; Distance 3' S^"'SS9 '■>
Epoch 1825.18.
and positions of 4<5S double and triple stars, &c. 211
No. DCLXXXVIII. R. A. 17^ 18- ; Decl. sf 8'N.
Nova ;
Double; 8th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; June 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 76** 34' n/\ 5 Obs.
Distance =: 33''.323 J 5 Obs.
DiiF. = 1° 30' } „ ,._ ,
Diff. = o".4o8j^^^y'^'^^^^*-
Passy ; July 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th, or 13th magnitudes.
Position = 75° 52' nf[ 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° o' | <,. .
Distance = 33".373 [ 5 Obs. | DifF. = 2".645 > ^^^ady.
The small star is so extremely indistinct, that the measures are excessively difficult,
and those of distance are open to suspicion.
Mean Result.
Position 76^ 15' nf; Distance 33".348; Epoch 1825.49.
No. DCLXXXIX. R. A. 17^ 19"" ; Decl. 39' 25' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Passy; June 16, 1825 ; Seven »feet Equatorial.
Position = 71° 52' «^
Distance = i' 29".oi8
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 1° 32' Kt * * A
DifF. = o".577| Not steady.
Passy ; June 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8^ and 9th magnitudes.
DifF. = 0° 27' > c* J
Diff. = o".529r^^^^y-
Mean Result.
Position 71° 39' sp; Distance 1' 29^272 ; Epoch 1825.46.
Position =71'' 26' sp I 5 Obs.
Distances i' 29".526 | 5 Obs.
212 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCXC. R. A. 17' 23" ; Decl. sB"" 6' N.
Nova;
Double ; 8th and loth magnitudes.
Passy ; June 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 40; 26; ./I s Obs. Diff. = lo ,5' } On the meridian.
Distance = io".7it | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".264 j
The small star is blue, and bears a tolerable illumination. Night unusually fine.
Passy ; June 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 44" 14' sf \ 5 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 51' ) ^ ^, - ..
Distance = 7.875 I 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".8i7 i ^" '^" °^""^^""'
Stars remarkably steady ; the small one is decidedly light blue, and bears only
a feeble illumination ; hence the measures are difficult.
Passy ; July 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 1th magnitudes.
Position = 390 17'./ I s Obs. I DifF. = 1O42' 7 Excessively difficult
Distance = io".820 [ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".6oi \ Excessively ditticult.
Small star decidedly pale blue, and bears but a very slight illumination. Stars
steady, and 10 minutes west of the meridian.
Passy; July 14, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 38»33'«/l c Obs. DifF. = 0^45' )„ ^ , .-a- ,^
. Distance = io".866 ^ \ 5 Obs. DifF. = o". Js^ \ Extremely difficult.
The small star is light blue, and bears only a very feeble illumination ; night
favourable; stars steady.
Mean Result.
Position 39^* 25' sf\ Distance io".799 ; Epoch 1825.49.
The observations of June 29th are not included ; as how-
ever the measures are of very considerable difficulty, I have
not thought it advisable to suppress them.
and positions of 4^8 double and triple stars, &c, 213
No. DCXCI. R. A. 17^ 32" ; Decl. 24** 30' N.
Struve, 551 ; III. 104.
Triple ; A 6th, B 10th, and C of the 9th magnitudes : the
star B is decidedly blue, and bears a very considerable
illumination.
Blackman-street ; July 8, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Measures of A B.
Position = 81° 7' »/ 1 s Obs. DifF. = o° 3 1' ^ On the meridian
Distance = if '.374. | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".3843 "" ^^® menoian.
Passy ; June 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatoiial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 80° 57' nf 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 18' > y unsteady
Distance = i7".os4 5 Obs. j DifF. = 0^649 j ^^^^ unsteaay.
Measures of A C.
Blackman-street ; July 8, 1824 ; Seven- feet Equatorial.
Position =71° 54' sf\ 5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 43' )
Distance = 2'38".o8i I 5 Obs. DifF. = 2".o9i j * * ' *
Passy ; June 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 71° 47' sf j 5 Obs.
Distance = 2' 38''.454 j 5 Obs.
SI = i''.986} Very unsteady.
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 81° 2' nf; Distance I7".2i4 ;
Epoch 1825.00.
of AC. Position 71° 50' sf; Distance 2' 28^.267 ;
Epoch 1825.00.
A very trifling change (-(- 2° 46') in position, and a rather
more notable alteration (+2". 881) in distance, appear on
comparing these observations w^ith those of 1783. (H.)
214 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCXCII. R. A. 17^ sS'" ; Decl. 31° 14' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; June 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =65° ss' np 1 5 Obs. I DifF.= 1° 15' ) ^ . . ,.
Distance = 5^ 1 76 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".eXg \ ^" *^^ meridian.
The small star bears a tolerable illumination j yet the measures are difficult.
Passy ; June 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and lUth, or llth magnitudes.
Position = 66° 12' n » I c Obs. I DifF. = 3° 55' ) ^ ,, ...
Distance = V'-SSj "^ | 5 Obs. I DifF. = o".697 \ ^^ *^^ meridian.
Stars very steady, but the small one bears but a very feeble illumination : the
measures are very difficult.
Mean Result,
Position 65° 33' np ; Distance 5".o29 ; Epoch 1825.47.
No. DCXCIII. R. A. 17' 39" ; Decl. 27*^ 50' N.
jtA Herculis ; Struve, 554 ; IV. 41 .
Double ; 5th and 12th, or 13th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; June 18, 1285 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Dbs. Diff. = 0° 48' ) p . , ,.^ -
3bs. Diff. = o".625 1 Excessively difficult.
The small star scarcely bears the slightest illumination.
Position = 28° 49' «j9
Distance = 29".2i5
Passy ; July 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and llth magnitudes.
Position = 29° 2i' sp
Distance = 29".468
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = 0° 30' ) Very difficult.
Diff. = i".202) Extremely difficult.
The small star is decidedly blue, and bears but the most feeble illumination.
Observed on the meridian ; stars very steady ; and I feel that the results merit
considerable confidence.
'and positions of ^^S double and triple stars, &c. 215
. No. DCXCIII. continued.
Passy ; July 13, 1 825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 13th, or 14th magnitudes.
Position = 29° 33' sp I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 30' ) y ,
Distance = 29".2o8 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".6oi 5 ^^"^^ ^^^^^y-
The small star, which is blue, will bear scarcely the least illumination : the mea-
sures are excessively difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 29° 14' sp ; Distance 29".297 ; Epoch 1825.50.
From an imperfect observation in 1783, which made the
position at that time 30° ±sp, it should seem that this star is
liable to no material change of position. (H.)
No. DCXCIV. R. A. 1 7*^ 43™ ; Decl. i° lo' N.
295 (Bode ) Ophiuchi ; South's Catalogue.
Double ; 7th and 7^ magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; June 26, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 32° 2^ sp 1 c Obs. DifF. — . o" iz' J o ^- r
Distance = i' 23".o7o | 5 Obs. Diff. = o'.S37i Satisfactory.
Passy ; June 30, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 7h magnitudes.
Position = 32° 11' «j5 I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 5' ") _, ,
Distances i' 22".293 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".553 j ^^^ ^"^^^^y'
Observations very good.
Mean Result.
Position 32° 6f sp ; Distance i'22".68i.; Epoch 18:^5.00.
21 6 Mr. South* s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCXCV. R. A. 17^ 43™ ; Decl. 25° 19' N.
Nova ;
Double; 8th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; June 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =53° 26' sf
Distance = 6".6o^
The small star is light blue, and does not bear a good illumination. Night very
favourable.
Passy ; June 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 56° 24' «/j 5 Obs.
Distances 6".93i j 5 Obs.
DilsoV^s}^^'^^^®'^"^^-
Observed when 5 minutes west of the meridian : stars very steady ; the small one
decidedly light blue, and bears only a very feeble illumination.
Passy ; July 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 1th magnitudes.
Position = 53° 39' sf\ 5 Obs. [ Diff. = 1° 25'. Extremely difficult.
Stars a few minutes east of the meridian, and very unsteady ; the small one de-
cidedly light blue, and bears no illumination: measures of distance impracticable.
Night very clear.
Mean Result.
Position 54° 3o' sf; Epoch 1825.50 ; Distance 6". 768 ;
Epoch 1825.47.
No. DCXCVI. R. A. 17^ 51"' ; Decl. 6° 51' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 11th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; June 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 78° 20' w» 5 Obs. I DifF.= i° 13') ^ ,, ...
Distance = 8".288 5 Obs. | DifF.= o".673) ^^ '^^ "^^"^^^"-
The small star bears but a very feeble illumination. The night is remarkably fine,
but the measures are very difficult.
Passy ; July 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 11th, or 12th magnitudes.
Position = 77° ii'np j 5 Obs.
Distance = 8".5o4 | 5 Obs.
The small star is decidedly pale blue, and bears but a very feeble illumination : the
measures are extremely difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 77° 45' np ; Distance S".s96 ; Epoch 1825.47.
DifF. - 1° co' ) ^ ,, ...
and positions of 4}6^ double and triple stars ^ &c, 217
No. DCXCVII. R. A. 17^54" ; Decl. 26° 33' N.
Struve, 560 ; II. 90.
Double ; 8^ and 12th magnitudes ; small, decidedly light blue.
Passy ; July 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 71; 44'./ 5 0bs. Diff. = i° 53' I Excessively difficult
Distance = 7". ^61 5 Obs. DifF. = o".so5 S ^^^^^^^^^^y «i™cuif.
Observed on the meridian. Night favourable ; but the small star bears hardly any
illumination. The results are somewhat suspicious.
Passy ; July 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8J and 11th, or 12th magnitudes.
Position =710 48' */ 1 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 49' ) „ . , .-n. ,^
Distance = 7".545 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".li6 J Excessively difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 71° 46^5/; Distance 7*. 503 ; Epoch 1825.54.
There is considerable discordance among the measures of
this star at different epochs — that of 17S3 making the posi-
tion 75° 9' sf, and that of 1802 77° 54' sf. On the whole,
there seems ground to believe in a slow motion of about ^-th
of a degree per annum in the direction np sf or retrograde
( — o°.i67), while the distance has probably not undergone
any sensible change. Future observations must decide the
point. (H.)
No. DCXCVIII. R. A. 17^ 54" ; Decl. 22*' 30' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 9^ magnitudes.
Passy ; June 30, 1^25 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 47° 22' np
Distance= 30". 228
5 0bs.|Diff. = i0 4V|Diffi,^l,.
5 Obs. I DifF. = o".84i
Observed when 10 minutes west of the meridian; stars very steady; but the small
one does not bear a good illumination.
MDCCCXXVI. //
2i8 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCXCVIII. continued.
N Passy ; July 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 47° 33' «;> I 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = i° 5' } Rxtremelv difficult.
Distance = 3 i".o^6 \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o ".889 ] ^^^remeiy aimcuit.
The small star is blue, ^d bears scarcely any illumination : the observations of
distance very suspicious. Several stars in the field.
Passy ; July 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Distance = 3i".442 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".84i. Very steady.
Measures excessively difficult ; and I have so little confidence in them, that should
they favour one set already taken, more than the other, they should not be employed
to the exclusion of either. The small star is light blue, and becomes invisible
under a very feeble illumination.
Mean Result,
Position 47** ^i np \ Distance so". 9^2 ; Epoch 1825.51.
No. DCXCIX. R. A. 17*^ 56° ; Decl. 25° 23' N.
Nova ;
Double; 8th and 11th magnitudes; small, light blue, and
bears scarcely any illumination.
Passy ; July 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 53° 43' «;>
Distance = i8".648
5 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 42' ) Excessivelv difficult
5 Obs. I DiflF. = o".432 ) excessively aimcuit.
Passy ; July 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 Itli magnitudes.
Position = 52° 51' sp
Distance = 18". 840
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff! = o".S29) Extremely difficult.
Stars very unsteady j the small one is blue.
Mean Result.
Position BS"" Til' sp ; Distance 18''. 744; Epoch 1825.55.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, &c. 219
No. DCC. R. A. 18»» 6" ; Decl. 16° 43' S.
Nova;
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Passy ; July 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 840 47' np I 5 Obs. DifF. = ,° 21' ) y .
Distance = zg'^iSy \ 5 Obs. Diff. = ©".Si;) ^^^ steaay.
Passy; July 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Diff. = 1° 12'
Position := 84° 30' np
Distance =: 28". 751
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = i".o34}^^^^*^"^*-
Observed on the meridian : small star bears only the most feeble illumination.
Night good.
Mean Result.
Position 84° SS' np ; Distance 28".969 ; Epoch 1825.53.
No. DCCI. R. A. 18^ 15"° ; Decl. 6° 41' S.
Struve, 574 ; Hist. C^el. 474.
Double ; 7th and 10th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; June 26, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position •= 73° 17' «o c Obs. Diff. = 2° ic' 7 ^ ^ , ..~ .
Distance =6".68o "^ 5 Obs. Diff. = 0-284 j ^^^^^^^^^^ d^^^^^^^'
The small star bears only the most feeble illumination.
Passy ; June 30, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 70° is' spl s Obs. j Diff. = i» 1 1' 7 ,, ^ ^ j-az 1.
Distance = 6".842 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".48 1 j Extremely difficult.
Observed on the meridian : stars very steady ; the small one, which is very decidedly
light blue, bears but the slightest illumination.
Passy ; July 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 69° 29' sp \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = 1° 28'. Very difficult.
Observed on the meridian. Night favourable.
Mean Result,
Position 71*" o' sp; Epoch 1825.11 ; Distance 6^761 ;
Epoch 1824.97.
220 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCII. R. A. 18^ 20'" ; Decl. 19° 13' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 8 -J magnitudes.
Passy ; June 9, 1 825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 77° 24' sp I s Obs. I DifF. = 2° 8' } ^ .
Distance = 6".402 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".3i2 ] ^^^^"X*
A star of the 15 th magnitude precedes to the north at an angle of 9 or 10 de-
grees, and distant from the larger of these stars perhaps 40 seconds : its obscurity
renders measures of it impracticable.
Passy ; June 30, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 76° 19' nf\ 5 Obs. Diff. = 2» 14' ) ^ ,
Distance = 6". 174 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".36o ] ^^^ ^^^^"^y*
Observed on the meridian : measures very satisfactory.
Mean Result.
Position 76° 51' sp or w/; Distance 6".288 ; Epoch i825.47»
No. D CCIII. R. A. i8»^ 25" ; Decl. 32° 8' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 10 j, or 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; June 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 66° 23' tip I 5 Obs. DifF. = 1° 44' \ ^ _ difficult
Distance = 6".533 | 5 Obs. DifF. = 0^384 5 ^^"^ dithcult.
The night is extremely favourable, but the small star bears scarcely any
illumination.
Passy ; July 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 65° 55' sp 5 Obs. 1 Diff. = 1° 9' } y .
Distance = 6".333 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".36o j ^^'^ ^^^^^J"'
The small star is blue, and bears a tolerable illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 66^ 9' sp; Distance 6''.43S ; Epoch 1825.48.
and positions oj 458 double and triple stars, &c. 221
No. DCCIV. R. A. i8»^ 32™ ; Decl. 9° 33' N.
Struve, 582 ; Hist. Gael. 87-
Double ; 9th and loth magnitudes ; both bluish, and bear a
tolerable illumination.
Blackman-street ; July 12, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 0° 38' * w I c Obs. I Diff. = o" 34") ^^-n; 1^
Distance = 57".545 | 5 Obs. ; DiiF. = i" .6j^\^'^^''^^'
Passy ; July 4, 1825 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
9th and Qi magnitudes.
Position = 1° 15' 50 1 c Obs. I DifF. = 0° 50' 7 ,. .-n: ,.
Distance = 56".458 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = d'.Ls \ Very difficult.
Stars very steady, but the small one does not bear a good illumination.
Passy ; July 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9f, or 10th magnitudes.
Position = 1° 19' sp 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 34' ) „ ^, ,.^ .
Distance = sfW 5 Obs. j DifF. = d'.glj \ ^^^^^' ^^^^"l*'
Set the position wire to zero, and the small star remained above the wire, whilst
the large one continued bisected by it, during their passage across the field.
Mean Result.
Position 1° 4' sp (15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.20 ;
Distance 5'i".65^ (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.04.
The observations of distance taken July 4, are rejected in
taking the mean.
No. DCCV. R. A. 18^ 59"^ ; Decl. 34° 22' N.
Nova ;
Double ; large, white ; small, light blue decidedly ; 8^ and
11th magnitudes.
Passy; June 29, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 68° 22' sf\ c Obs. I DifF. = 2° 12' ) „ ^ .,
Distance = 4".374 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".649 J ^^^7 steady.
Small star bears but a very feeble illumination, and the measures are extremely
difficult.
222 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCV. continued. '^T .
Passy ; July 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8f and 10th, or 11th magnitudes.
Position = 68° 3' ,/ 5 Obs. Diff. = 2'> 10' ) ^^^^^^^1 ^^^^^
Distance = 4'.6 1 1 5 Obs. Diff. = 0.6015 '
The small star is light blue, and bears but a feeble illumination. Night fevour-
able. Measures very difficult.
Mean Result.
Position es"* 12' sf; Distance 4" 492 ; Epoch 1825.51.
No. DCCVI. R. A. 18^ 42" ; Decl. 32° 37' N. -
V Lyras ; Struve, 591 ; V. 40.
Double ; 6th and 15th magnitudes.
Passy ; August 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Posidon = 34: H' 'f 5 Obs. 1 Diff. = .» 38' > Excessively difficult.
Distance = 59 .933 ± 3 Obs. | Diir. = I'^.oSz) ^
Stars very steady, but the small one will bear no illumination. Observed on the
meridian; the distance, I fear, may be liable to an error of two or three seconds.
Night fine.
Passy; August 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 33° 32' sf 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 52' ) Excessively difficult
Distance = 59".748 3 Obs. | Diff. = i".202 ] ^^^essiveiy airacuir.
Observed on the meridian. Night very favourable.
Mean Result.
Position 33° 58' 5/(10 Obs.); Distance 59^840 (6 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.61.
There appears to have taken place a change of no less
than + 5° 21' in the angle of position of this star since 1782,
which for a star of the 5th class is considerable ; unless
indeed from the extreme minuteness of the small star, errors
of observation to a larger amount than usual be supposed. (H.)
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars ^ (^c, 223.
No. DCCVII. R. A. IS** 51"; Decl. 13° 23' N.
11 Aquilae ; Struve, 598 ; III. 32.
Double; 7th and 11th magnitudes; small, decidedly blue.
Blackman-street ; July 11, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 28° 10' sp I c Obs. I DifF. = 2*^ i' ) ^ ^ , ,.n:. u
Distance = ig'^sSz ^ \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".i36 j Extremely difficult.
North following this, is a double star of the 4th class ; but its stars are so ex-
tremely faint> that it is not measurable with this instrument.
Passy ; July 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 30° 38' sp s Obs. I DifF. = 1° 4' ) Excessively difficult
Distance = i9".934 5 Obs. | DiiF. = o".5S3 1 excessively oimcult..
The small star scarcely bears the least illumination. Observed on the meridian.
Passy ; July 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and I2ih, or 13th magnitudes.
Position = 29° 35' sp \ 5 Obs. j DifF. = 2° 51'. Extremely difficult. '
The small star is bluish, and becomes more distinct by a very slight illumination ;
yet it is so faint, that I can obtain no observations of distance. Night extremely
clear, and stars on the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 29° 28' sp (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.20;
Distance 19".658 ; Epoch 1825.02.
The measure of Sir W. H. in 1802 makes the angle of
position of this star 31' 34' sp, being only 2° & different
from the present. (H.)
224 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCVIII. R. A. 18^ 52" ; Decl. 14° 41' N.
Struve, 599 ; n. 93.
Double ; 8th and 12th magnitudes ; small, light blue.
Passy ; July 24, 1825 : Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 1 5» 54' «P I 5 Obs. | Diff. = 3° 44' \ Excessively difficult.
Distance = 6".i33 j 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".673 5 '
The small star is so extremely faint, and bears so feeble an illumination, that a
little inaccuracy of the results may be suspected. Observed when on the meridian :
stars very steady. Night remarkably favourable.
Passy ; July 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th, or 13th magnitudes.
Position = 19° 29' n J? I 5 Obs. | Diff. = 6« 55'. Excessively difficult.
The small star is only visible by glimpses, and then is so extremely indistinct, that
to procure measures of distance is impossible.
Passy ; July 27, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
* 8th and 12th magnitudes
Position r:
Distance
= 20° 20' np I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 4° 10' 7 ^j . , ..«. ,,
= 7". X5S I 5 Obs. I Diff rz J".36o \ Excessively difficult.
The small star is pale blue, and is so very obscure, that the measures are exceed-
ingly precarious. Night fine.
Passy ; July 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and 1 2th magnitudes.
Position = 17° 32' n;> I 5 Obs. Diff. = 3° 42' ) Kxcessivelv difficult
Distance = 6".744 | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".649 j Excessively dithcult.
The night being very favourable and the stars steady, I applied a power of 157
to procure these observations : little or no advantage however was derived from the
change : the measures are so extremely difficult, that I have no confidence in the
accuracy of this, or of any individual series ; the mean however of all, is probably
not very remote from the truth.
and positions of ^58 double and triple stars ^ &c. 225
No. DCCVIII. continued.
Mean Result.
Position 18° 19' np (20 Obs) ; Distance 6". 677 (15 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.57.
In 1783 the position was 16° o' np, and in 1802 16*46'
npy so that this star has undergone no change. The distance
too is nearly as it was. (H.)
No. DCCIX. R. A. 18^ 52™ ; Decl. 36° ii'N.
Struve, 600 ; I. 58.
Double ; 8th and 12th magnitudes ; small, pale blue.
Passy ; July 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 20° 2' np
Distances 5 ".556
5' SL': I dIe^^-;^:; I Excessively difficult.
5
This star so much resembles the last measured double star (No. 708), that on ob-
serving it in the field of the telescope, I thought I had perhaps neglected to alter the
direction of the instrument. The small star bears but the most feeble ilhimina-
tion ; and although the night is in every respect favourable for delicate observa-
tions, still the results must be regarded with some distrust.
Passy; July 27, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11 th, or 1 2th magnitudes.
Position z= 20° 41' np [ 5 Obs.
Distance r: 5".400 J 5 Obs.
DifF. = o".igz\ Excessively difficult.
Observed when 15 minutes east of the meridian. Night very fine; but the small
star will not bear any illumination. Measures of precarious accuracy.
Mea?i Result.
Position 20° 21' 71 p ; Distance 5^.478 ; Epoch 1825.57.
In 1783 (1783.21) the angle of position was 13" o' np.
Thus in 42.36 years + 7^ 21' have been described, being at
the rate of + o°.i73 per annum. (H.)
MDCCCXXVI. gg
226 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCX. R. A. 18^ 57" ; Decl. i6° ss' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 6th and loth magnitudes; small, light blue.
Passy ; July 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 85° 18' «/ i 5 Obs. DifF. = i° 5/ ) y difficult.
Distance = 7".o88 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".673 ] ^^^ aimcuir.
Observed on the meridian. Night very favourable; but the small star bears only
the most feeble illumination.
Passy ; July 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 85; ^^'nf\s Obs. Diff. = 2° 40' ) E^^^emely difficult.
Distance = 7 '.021 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o' .3845 ^
Observed on the meridian. Stars very unsteady : the small one is light blue, and
bears but a very slight illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 85° 25' nf; Distance 7".o54 ; Epoch 1825.54.
No. D CCXI. R. A. iS^* 57™ ; Decl. 27° 4' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 10th, or 11th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; July 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 35: 38' sf I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° / 1 y ^jg^^^i^^
Distance := 44 .375 j 5 Obs. | Diff. = i",i545 ^
Observed when lo minutes east of the meridian. Night very favourable, but the
small star does not bear a good illumination.
Passy ; July 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and l£th magnitudes.
S:;t"=l fs'^^/^l I ObL- 1 Si = ;.li;| Excessive!, difficult.
Stars tolerably steady ; but the small one will bear only the most feeble illumination.
Night favourable.
and positions of ^s^ double and triple stars, &c. 227
No. DCCXI. continued.
Passy ; July 1 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Distance = ^^'.g^z \ 5 Obs. j Diff. = o'^Sg-j, Excessively difficult.
Observed with 157: the small star became uivisible when 181 was employed.
Night fine ; but measures very suspicious, and must not be received to the exclusion
of either set previously taken.
Mean Result,
Position 34° 32' sf (10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.5s ;
Distance 45". 108 (15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.54.
No. DCCXII. R. A. 18^ 58" ; Decl. 35° 32' N.
Struve, 605 ; I. 59'
Double ; 9 J and 9^ magnitudes ; both white.
Passy ; July 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Diff. = 2° 29' ) ,r ^ J
Diff. = o".288l^^^^^^^^y'
Position = 77° 51' *p I 6 Obs.
Distance =: 2".57o j 5 Obs.
Observed when half an hour east of the meridian ; measures not difficult ; the stars
bear a very tolerable illumination.
Passy ; July 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9f and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 77° 20' sp
Distance = 2".782
6 Obs. I Diff. = 6° 7' ) r>;ffir„Ti-
SObs. |Diff. = o".288l^^*^"^*•
Observed on the meridian ; stars neither steady nor neatly defined ; the smaller is
faint, but of the same colour as the larger.
Passy ; July 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9? and 9f magnitudes.
Position = 7f^i'sp III Obs. I Diff. = 4° o' | ^^^^^^ ^-g^^^^^^
Distances 2' .739 | 5 Obs. J Diff. = o'.336 j
Stars on the meridian and tolerably steady ; but the smaller one is indistinct.
228 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXII. continued.
Passy ; August 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9^ and 9|: magnitudes.
Position = 76** 19' 5jB I II Obs.
Distance =: 2".7 10 J 5 Obs.
Siff: = o''.t88} Tolerably easy.
Observed on the meridian ; stars steady, and well defined.
Mean Result.
Position 76^ 34' sp (34 Obs.) ; Distance 2".7oo (20 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.58.
In 1783 the position was 75"* o' sp, the interval of the
discs 1 diameter. No change therefore has happened to this
star. (H.)
No. DCCXIII. R. A. i8»» 69"^ ; Decl. 75° 33' N.
233 (Bode) Draconis; Struve, 606; Hist. Gael. 360.
Double ; 7^ and 8th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; June 26, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 520 S9'^P \ 5 Ohs. I DifF. = 1° 36' ) u_,.„ ,
Distance = 6".^gg \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".sZ7 ] ^"^^^^^y-
Passy ; July 14, 1825 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
7i and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 50° 2g'sp\s Obs. I DifF. = o° 51' ) ^ ,
Distance = 6".494 | 5 Obs. | DiiF. = o".384 J ^^^ ^^^^^J"'
Passy ; July 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 53" 21' sp I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 35'') „ .
Distance = 6".3S4 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = d'.b/i^s] ^^^^^-V'
The small star occasionally very faint.
Mean Result.
Position 52° 16' sp (15 Obs.) ; Distance 6^.549 (i5 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.18.
ajid positions of 4>5S double and triple stars, &c. 229
No. DCCXIV. R. A. 19^ 2™ ; Decl. 34° 28' N.
Nova;
Double ; 8^ and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; June 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =: 1° 39'no 1 c Obs. DifF. =0° i?' ) ,r .-^ ,
Distance = I2".86i | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".673 j "^ difficult.
After the measures were concluded, the position wire was placed at zero, and the
small star was decidedly in the north preceding quadrant.
Passy; June 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =1° S9' np 5 Obs. Diff. = !<> 2' ) ,r j./e ,
Distance = 1 s".26s 5 Obs. DifF. = o".5os J ^^^ difficult.
The small star is decidedly light blue, and does not bear a good illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 1° 49' np ; Distance is".o63 ; Epoch 1825.47.
No. D CCXV. R. A. i9'» 8'" ; Decl. 16° 15' S.
Nova;
Double ; 8th and S^ magnitudes.
Passy ; July 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 740 42' nf\ 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 58' | ,,
Distance = 8".932 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".4s6 ] ^^"^ ^^^^^y-
Observed on the meridian.
About 39 seconds to the north of this star, and following it about 26 seconds 6f
time, will be found another double star.
Passy; July 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8^ and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 740 1 1' n/ j 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 33' ) ^,
Distance = 9".4oi ( 5 obs. | Diff. = o".505 ) Unsteady.
230 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXV. continued.
Passy ; August 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 74° 47' nf
Distance zz. 9''-i9S
5 Obs. 1 Diff. ~ 0° 54' ) ,T .^^„A
5 Obs. 1 DifF. = o".84i \ Unsteady.
Mean Result.
Position 74"* SS' ^f(i5 Obs.); Distance 9".i76 (15 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.56,
No. DCCXVI. R. A. 19' 8- ; Decl. i6« 14' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 10th and lOj magnitudes; it is the star alluded to,
in the observations of No. D CCX V.
Passy ; July 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position r= 69° 40' *p I S Obs. I DifF. = 1" 35' ) „ . , ..a-^ ,^
Distance = 6^153 I 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".7li } Excessively difficult.
These are pale blue stars, and do not bear any illumination. Observed when
25 minutes west of the meridian, and the measures are of doubtful accuracy.
Passy ; July 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and lOi magnitudes.
Position 71° 40' sp I 5 Obs. DifF. = 2° 15' ) ^ . . ,._ .
Distance 6".4i9 | 5 Obs. [ DifF. = o".432 ] Excessively difficult.
These stars are of a pale blue colour, and scarcely bear the least illumination.
Observed when 10 minutes west of the meridian.
Passy ; August 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
10th and 10| magnitudes.
Position = 71° 3' sp\ s Obs. | Diff. = 2° 10'. Excessively difficult.
These stars are pale blue, and bear but the most feeble illumination. Observed on
the meridian.
Mean Result,
Position 70° 5'i.' sp {15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.56 ;
Distance 6".286 (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.54.
and positions of 4,^8 double and triple stars, &c, 231
No. DCCXVII. R. A. 19^ 11" ; Decl. 12* 1' N.
28 Aquilse ; Struve, 618 ; V. 34-
Double; 6th and 12th magnitudes; small, decidedly blue,
and bears a tolerably good illumination.
Blackman-street ;* July 11, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 84° 31' 5/
Distance r: sg".^22
5 Obs.
S Obs.
)iff. rr 2° II' I
)ifF. =:o".758 5
Passy; July 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
5 Obs.
Position = 85O 41' */
Distance = 59". 139
5 Obs.
DifF. = I® 21' } T7 4. ^
DifF.= i".322lU"^^^^'^y-
The small star is blue, and bears a good illumination. Observed on the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 85° 6f sf; Distance 59^.280; Epoch 1825.04.
Sir W. Herschel has no measures of this star. (H.)
No. DCCXVIII. R. A. 19^ 25°^ ; Decl. 27° 54' N.
Struve, 624 ; II. 99-
Double; 8th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; September 27, 1824 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
Position =87° 18' «/ 1 5 Obs. Diff. = 2° 35' ) ^ . , ,.^ ,,
Distance = 8''.oo5 | 5 Obs. Diff. = 2".i 15 5 Excessively difficult.
The small star scarcely bears the least illumination. Night fine.
Passy ; July 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 85° 35' nf\ 5 Obs. DifF. = 2° 5' ) „ • 1 j-xc 1.
Distance =6'. 76 i | ? Obs. DifF. = o".84i j^^^^^^^^^y^^^^"^*'
The small star is blue, and is so extremely obscure, that the results are somewhat
suspicious. Night favourable.
Passy ; July 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 85" 22' nf
Distance =: 5". 908
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF! = o''.288 } Extremely difficult.
Observed on the meridian : the small star is light blue, and bears a very feeble
illumination. Night very fine.
932^ Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXVIII. continued.
Passy ; August 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 1th magnitudes.
Position =84° 17' n/" e Obs. Diff. = i°35')p . . -..a- ,,
Distance = 6^686 5 Obs. Diff. ^ o^.J^g i j ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^'^"^f-
Stars tolerably steady, and on the meridian. Night fine.
Mean Result.
Position 85° 38' nf (20 Obs.) ; Distance 6".840 (20 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.36.
The angle in 1783 was 87° 48' ?z/, differing only 2® 10'
from the present. Of course no change can be concluded. (H.)
No. DCCXIX. R. A. 19^ 25°^ ; Decl. se"" 21' N.
Nova ;
Triple ; A of the 9th, B of the 10th, and C of the 9th mag-
nitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; July 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = sz'' 36' nf I 5 Obs. DifF. = 3° 52' \ p„._™„,„ diffimlf-
Distance z= 6".3 11 | 5 Obs. Diff. = d'.t^g \ iixtremely ditticult.
Night very favourable ; stars very steady ; but the smaller one is faint. Observed
on the meridian.
Passy ; July 27, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 34° 49' nf] 5 Obs. I DifF. = 2° iz' 1 „ difficult
, Distance = 6".28o j 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".673 ] ^^^^ difficult.
The small star is indistinct : the night very fine.
Passy; July 28, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 32° 55' ra/l 5 Obs. 1 DifF. =: 2° 1'. Very difficult.
Stars very steady, but the small one scarcely bears any illumination.
and positions of 45^ double and triple stars, &c. 233
No. DCCXIX. continued.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; July 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 24° 38' n/or sp I 5 Obs. DifF. = 1° 13' ? Satisfactory
Distance = S3".i69 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".553 5 Satisfactory.
By directing the eye to another part of the field, I can suspect the star C to be
double ; if so, its small star is more minute than the small one of a Lyrae ; is south
preceding, and is rather nearer to C, than is B to A. Night remarkably fine; stars
very steady.
Passy; July 27, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 24° 54' n/or sole Obs. I DifF. = 2° 28' i ,r .. j
Distances 53".287 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".529l ^^^ '^^^^y-
Each star of the 9th or 9^ magnitude, but occasionally indistinct.
Mean Result.
of AB. Position 33° 27' w/(i5 Obs.); Distance 6". 295 (10 Obs.);
of AC. Position 24'' 46' nf; Distance 53''.228 ;
Epoch 1825.57.
No. DCCXX. R. A. 19^ 27"^ ; Decl. 10** 33' S.
Struve, 625 ; I. 13;
Double; 8-|- and 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; July 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =44° o' np \ c Obs. DifF. =4° 41' } ,, j.^. ,^
Distance = 7.1 35 | 5 Obs. DifF. = 5". j6o J ^^^^ ^^^<="1*-
The small star is light blue, and bears only a very feeble illumination. Night
clear, but the stars of low altitude are very unsteady.
Passy ; July 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8 J and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 46° 23'«p I c Obs. I DifF.= 3° 40' ) ^ . , ..n- ,,
Distance =4".S7o ^ | 5 Obs. | Difi^.= o".36oi Excessively difficult.
The night is very favourable for difficult observations ; but although the stars
are very steady, yet the measures are so extremely difficult, that I fear they merit
but little confidence. Sir W. Herschel having described it as a triple star, I
applied a power of 413, but no third star could be even suspected.
MDCCCXXVI. h h
234 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXX. continued.
Passy ; August 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8f and 1 1th magnitudes.
Position = 47° 36' np I 5 Obs. Diff. = +;; 35' \ Excessively difficult.
Distances 4 .166 j 5 Obs. Diff. = o".84i > '
Observed on the meridian. Stars steady, yet the measures are unsatisfactory : the
small one is pale blue, and does not bear a good illumination.
Passy ; August 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8^ and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 460 14' np I 5 Obs. 1 Diff. = 4° 3' \ Excessively difficult.
Distance = 5 .075 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o .745 3 '
Observed on the meridian ; night favourable ; small star blue, and scarcely bears
any illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 46° s' np (20 Obs.) ; Distance 4".488 (20 Obs) ;
Epoch 1825.59.
Sir W. Herschel's measures of this star stand as follows :
1782.77 37° 15' n p. Mean of tv^o measures.
1802.76 44° 45' np.
This star then appears to be subject to a slow motion,
amounting to about + o°.i48 per annum ; but the data are
too precarious to speak with certainty. (H.)
No. DCCXXI. R. A. 19^ 29*"; Decl. 16° 4'N.
£ Sagittae ; Struve, 628 ; VI. 26.
Double ; 5th and 9th, or 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Blackman-street ; July 11, 1824; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 8° 56' nf 5 Obs. 1 Diff. = 1° 15' ) ^ .
Distance = 1' 3i".54i 5 Obs. | Diff. = d'.s^s] ^*
and positions of ^58 double and triple stars , &c. 235
No. DCCXXI. continued.
Passy ; July 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5 th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 8» 58' nf I 5 Obs. I Diff. =■• 0° 33' ) ^^ ,„ . , „^,„ .
Distance = 1' 32''.286 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o''.62S J Tolerably steady.
Mean Result.
Position 8<» 57' nf; Distance 1' 3i".9iS ; Epoch 1825.03.
This star affords an instance of very exact coincidence of
measures with those ef Sir W. HERSCHELin 1782, which are
8" 32' nf for the position, and for the distance 1' 31" 9
" extremely exact." (H.)
No. DCCXXII. R. A. 19^ 29"; Decl. 17° 19' S.
Struve, 627 ; Hist. Csel. 116.
Double ; 8th and 8 1- magnitudes.
Passy ; July 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 33° i' sp] c Obs. Diff. = i° 48' ) ^ . , ^ .
Distance = io".86/ | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".T2o} Extremely unsteady.
Observed on the meridian.
Passy ; July 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 32*' 30' «p c Obs. I Diff. = 0° 57' ) ^ ^ , , .
Distance = lo-'.-J/S 5 Obs. | Diff = o".745 5 ^^^'"^"^"^y unsteady.
Observed on the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 32° 45' sp ; Distance io".669 ; Epoch 1825.54.
236 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXXIII. R. A. 19^ 36" ; Decl. lo' 21' N.
StRUVE, 632 ; I. 91.
Double ; 8t and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; July 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
The small star is decidedly light blue, and is rendered rather more distinct by
slight illumination ; under however sufficient to show the wires of the micrometer
pleasantly, it becomes invisible : the measures are excessively difficult, and some
degree of suspicion attaches to the results. Night remarkably clear, but the stars
are not steady.
Passy ; July 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 13th magnitudes.
Position rs 6° 26' np j 5 Obs.
Distance =:4".2 1 9 j 5 Obs.
20 minutes east of the
DifF. =: 3° 20' ) 20 minutes
Diff. zz o".36o 5 meridian.
Measures excessively difficult : stars very steady j the small one is blue.
Mean Result.
Position 6° 9,*j' np\ Distance 3".994 ; Epoch 1825.56.
Sir W. Herschel's measures are — 1783, Position 8° iS' np,
and 1802, 12° 23' np. These, discordant as they are with
the present measure and with each other, yet afford some-
what of a presumption of a very slow change of position in
the direction np s J or retrograde. ( H. )
No. DCCXXIV. R. A. 19^ 59''' ; Decl. 20° 30' N.
Nova ;
Double; 9th and 11th, or 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; August 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 6° 45' sp 5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 30' ) e„„,_:„_i„ difficult
Distance = 4".87 1 5 Obs. Diff. = o".s53 5 Excessively ditocult.
The small star is light blue, and becomes more distinct by a slight illumination ;
yet the measures are so excessively difficult, that it will be useless to attempt ob-
serving it, except under the most favourable circumstances. The present is a night
peculiarly fine, and the stars are remarkably steady and well defined.
and positions of 4f5S double and triple stars, &c. 237
No. DCCXXIV. continued.
Passy ; August 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 6° 24' s j) I 5 Obs.
Distance r= 5".374 | 5 Obs.
Diff! = o^ss's } Excessively difficult.
This star is also double of the 5th class. By directing the eye to another part
of the field, a star of the 15th or 20th magnitude may be perceived almost directly
preceding. No measures of it however can be obtained with this instrument ; yet
the night is favourable, and the observations are made on the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 6° 34f sp; Distance 5"- 122; Epoch 1825.63.
No. DCCXXV. R. A. 19*^ 39"^ ; Decl. 34" 37' N.
Struve, 638 ; V. 137.
Double; 7th and 10th magnitudes; small, decidedly blue,
and bears a very good illumination.
Blackman-street ; July 11, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
DifF. = I* 14' i TT . J
Position =s 61" 2' nf I 5 Obs.
Distance = 39". 127 | 5 Obs.
Passy ; July 19, 1825 j Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 6o«> 37' nf \ 5 Obs. I Diff. = i° 8' ( q. .
Distance = 38".398 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".oip5 ^^^^^Y'
Passy ; July 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 60° 47' n/ 1 c Obs. I Diff. = 0° 28') ,, „ ^. . ^
Distance = 38".709-^ | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".336l Very satisfactory.
Mean Result.
Position 60° 49' nf(is Obs.) ; Distance 38". 745 ( 15 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.22.
The position in 1783 was 57* 3* nf, differing only 3<* 46'
from the present angle. There is an apparent increase of
distance to the amount of + 3". 73 since that epoch ; but this
is very precarious. (H )
2s8 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXXVI. R. A. 19** 4o"» ; Decl. 32" 27'N. ^
Nova ;
Double ; 7th and 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; July 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 63° 23' j/> I 5 Obs.
Distance = 33".227 j 5 Obs.
giffiis-ifsl^^-f"'"-^-
The small star is blue, and bears a very good illumination. Night very favourable ;
stars remarkably steady.
Passy ; July 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7 th and 9| magnitudes.
Position = 630 37' sp I 5 Obs. I Diff. = i°3s' 7 Unsteadv
Distance = 33".662 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".9i 3 | unsteady.
Observed on the meridian : the small star is blue.
Mean Result.
Position 63° 30 'sp; Distance 33".444; Epoch 1825.56.
No. D CCXXVII. R. A. 19^ 43" ; Decl. 0° 2' N.
Struve, 644 ; II. 95-
Double; 9^ and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; September 24, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 260 53' np I 5 Obs. I Diff. = ,° 38' J Very difficult.
Distance = 5 .472 \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = o .7933 '
The dew collects so rapidly on the object-glass, although a tube of pasteboard
projects 12 inches beyond the object-end of the telescope, that to see these stars it
is absolutely necessary to wipe it between each measure j but the stars are well
defined, and are unusually steady.
Passy ; July 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9J magnitudes.
Position = 26° 31' np
Distance = 5".703
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
5i£- ~ \° 35' ] Extremely difficult.
Diff. = o".793 3 ^
These stars are of a pale blue colour, and neither bear illumination nor magnifying
power. Observed on the meridian.
and positions of ^58 double and triple stars, &c, 239
No. DCCXXVII. continued.
Mean Result.
Position 26° 42' w/ ; Distance 5". 58 7 ; Epoch 1825.14.
The measures of 1783 and 1802 give 29° s' npy and
30*" q' np respectively for the angles of position. The esti-
mations in diameters of the distance correspond to about 5 or
6" central distance. This star therefore has not varied sen-
sibly. (H.)
No. DCCXXVIII. R. A. 19^^ 43"" ; Decl. 43° 55' N.
Struve, 64s; III. 112.
Double; 8th and 8i magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; June 28, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 69° 42' sf
Position = 69° 45' sf
Distance = io".789
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 1° 45' ■) South.
DifF. = 2° 34' \ Mr. Richardson.
DifF.= o".gi6} South.
The night is become so bad, no more observations can be gotten.
Passy ; July 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and 8J magnitudes.
Position = 71° 2'*/ 1 5 Obs. I DifF. = i° o' ^ y .
Distance = io".454 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o''.2645 ^ ^'
Passy ; August 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.*
8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 71° 2' sf\ 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 21' I Tolerably steadv
Distance = io".ioi | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".36o5 ^o^e^ably steady.
Mean Result.
Position 70° 23' sf(2o Obs.); Distance io".4i5 (15 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.23.
This position differs only o° S7' from that of 1783. The
distances too present an exact correspondence, Sir W. Hers-
chel's measure being 10". 140. (H.)
240 Mr, South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXXIX. R. A. 19'' 52" ; Decl. 35° s' N.
Nova;.
Triple ; A of the 9th, B of the 10th, and C of the 6th
magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; July 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Observed on the meridian ; stars very steady. Night fine.
Passy ; July 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9J and 10th magnitudes.
Position = «6° ic' np \ c Obs. I DifF. = 2° 22' 7 tt „, ^;fl;,.»u
Distance = 4".i7S | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".336 S ^"^ ^'®'''^*-
Observed on the meridian. Night very favourable.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; July 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 6th magnitudes.
Position = 34° 16' sp I 2 Obs. DifF. = o* 2' ) ^ . ^
Distance = 4' 3".859 | 2 Obs. DifF. = o".240 5 ^^ ^*
(C being to the south of A.)
Passy ; July 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9| and 6th magnitudes.
Position = 34O8' sp 2 Obs. DifF. = 0° 11' ) ^•■t,^ c„„ *
Distance = 4' i'.9io 2 Obs. DifF. =:o".2i6 J ^^^^^ fi'^^*
(C being to the south of A.)
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 25° 47' np ; Distance 4".si8 ;
of A C. 34° 1^' sp; 4' 2".884 ;
Epoch 1825.57.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars ^ &c» 241
No. DCCXXX. R. A. 19^ 52"^; Decl. 17** fN.
Nova ; nf x Sagittse ; x only seen single.
Double ; 7^ and 8th magnitudes.
Blackrnan-street ; July 13, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 74° 20' nf I 5 Obs.
Distance = i' ^^".6\z \ 5 Obs.
DifF. =o°32 I
DifF.= i".23i ]
(Same date and Insti'ument.)
Measures of x with the brightest of this double star.
Position = 77° 7' sp
Distance = 5' 4o".5i6
2 Obs.
2 Obs.
F. =: o» 12' )
F. = o".2845
Diff. =: o» 12'
Diff.
{x preceding to the south.)
Passy ; July 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 74- o' «/ I 5 Obs. I DifF. = o° 56' ) Unsteady
Distance = i' 56".22o | 5 Obs. [ DifF. =o".72i ] ^^steaay.
Mean Result.
Position 74° \d nj\ Distance 1' s^' .9?>^ ; Epoch 1825.04.
Of X Sagittae and the brightest of this double star,
Position 77° 7' ; Distance 5'4o"5i6 (% preceding to the south.)
No. DCCXXXI. R. A. 19^ 53" ; Decl. 46° 54' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 9! magnitudes.
Passy ; September 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6 Obs.
5 Obs.
wff:=o'.«2}™"''"'"""'''-
Position zz 62° 5 1' nf
Distance n 5".432
Observed on the meridian. Night favourable.
Passy ; September 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9| magnitudes.
Iff: = 0^360 l^^^h^^di^^^i^-
Diff. =
Diff.
Position = 64° 11' »/| 6 Obs.
Distance =: 6". 191 | 5 Obs.
Observed on the meridian ; stars very steady.
MDCCCXXVI. / i
242 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXXXI. continued.
Passy ; September 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal; each of the 11th magnitude.
Position s= 63° 4' sp or nf
Distance = 6".^qo
^ n^- i n^- = ^'' f I Extremely difficult.
5 Obs. I DifF. = o .360 3 ^
Night very hazy. Should these observations accord with one set already taken
more than with the other, they must not be received to the exclusion of the discor*
dant series.
Passy ; September 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of the 9th magnitude.
6 Obs.
5 Obs.
Observed on the meridian. Night hazy.
Position = 64® ^' sp or nf
Distance = 5".494
^1^-=^: 37' I Difficult.
Diff. = o .240 5
Passy; September 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal; each of the 10th magnitude.
Position = 62° 52' sp or »/ [ 6 Obs. ) DifF. = 3° 7'. Very difficult.
Stars tolerably steady j but the night is so extremely hazy, that no observations of
distance can be procured.
i -n Passy; Septembers, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9^ and 10th magnitudes.
Distance =: 6".282 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".793. Extremely difficult.
Night so hazy, that the stars are only visible by glimpses.
Passy ; September 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9| magnitudes.
Distance = 6". 150 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o''.745. Tolerably steady.
Mean Result.
Position 63° 24' sp or nf (so Obs.) ; Distance 5". 99^ (so Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.68.
and positions 0/4,^8 double and triple stars ^ ^c, 243
No. D CCXXXII. R. A. 20»» o"^ ; Decl 20° 36' N.
Nova;
Double ; 9th and nth, or 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; August 17, 1825 ; Seven- feet Equatorial.
Position = 70° 3/«P I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 2" 17' ^ Excessively difficult
Distance = ^'.^17 \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".456> Excessively aimcult.
The small star is pale blue, and is rendered more distinct by slight illumination ;
yet the measures are so excessively difficult, that it is useless to attempt observing
it except under the most favourable circumstances, such as the present, when the
stars generally are remarkably brilliant, and when they pass through the field of the
telescope as steadily as possible. Observed 35 minutes east of the meridian.
Passy ; August 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th or 12th magnitudes.
Position = 71° 23' np I 5 Obs. I DiflF. = i" 56' ) ,, . , ..^ ,^
Distance = ^",719 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".i845 Excesssively difficult.
The small star, which is pale blue, bears but a very feeble illumination. Night
favourable.
Mean Result.
Position 71° o' np-. Distance 4".5i8 ; Epoch 1825.63.
No. DCCXXXIII. R. A. 2o'» 2- ; Decl. 34° 57' N.
Nova ;
Double ; Sf and 9^ magnitudes ; bear a good illumination.
Passy ; August 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 32° 24' np c Obs. I DifF. = 2° 20' \ ^j ^ ,
Distance =:5".6oJ "^ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".36o J ^^^ ^^^^'^y-
Observed on the meridian. Night very fine.
Passy ; August 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 33* 12' «j) 15 Obs.
Distance =: 5*.! 11 J 5 Obs.
Diff- = »°»°' J Very difficult,
'5 3 '
DifF. = o".505
Night hazy. Observed on the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 32° 4>S' np; Distance 6'"S55 ; Epoch 1825.59.
244 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXXXIV. R. A. 20^ 2" ; Decl. 16° 16^ N.
Struve, 659 ; II. 70.
Double ; 8th and 11th, or 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; August 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =740 41' n/l c Obs. DifF. = i° 52' ) ^^ . , ,.«. ,^
Distance=6".682 "^ | 5 Obs. DifF.=o".36oP^^"^^^^^y ^'^^"^^-
Night very favourable ; but the small star will scarcely bear any illumination.
Passy ; August 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 1 th magnitudes.
Position =76° 7' nf 5 Obs. DifF.= o° 20' 1 K„cessivelv difficult
Distance=6".S28 5 Obs. DifF. = o".48i \ Excessively diflicult.
The small star, which is light blue, under a very slight illumination becomes
invisible.
Mean Result.
Position 75° ^4f nf'. Distance 6*.6o5 ; Epoch 1825.64.
There is no evidence of a change of position in this star.
Its position in 1783 was 72° 57' w/. Its distance, estimated
at 2 diameters between the discs, may correspond to a central
distance of about 4, 5, or 6 seconds, according to the atmo-
spheric or other circumstances at the time of observation. (H.)
No. DCCXXXV. R. A. 2o»> 2- ; Decl. o" 40' S.
Struve, 661 ; P. XX. 11, 12; V. 136.
Double ; 7^ and 8th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; July 11, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 68° 7' «;? 5 Obs. j DifF. = 1° 40' \
Distance = 54". 362 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".9i3 5 • • . •
Passy ; November 3, 1824 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
7 J and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 6^° 33' *p I 5 Obs. I DifF. =: 1° 26' )
Distance = 54^768 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".443 5 • • v •
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars ^ ^c. 245
No. DCCXXXV. continued.
Passy ; August 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Position = 67° 29' sp 5 Obs. DifF. = o° 35' ) y .
Distance = 54".88i 5 Obs. Diff. = o".g6z ]^^^ ^^^°^'
Observed on the meridian. Night hazy.
Mean Result.
Position 67° 4S' sp (15 Obs.); Distance 54^670 (15 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.01.
The present result differs only i° Bb' in position from Sir
W. Herschel's measure in 1783. (H.)
No. DCCXXXVI. R. A. 20^ 2- ; Decl. 20° 22' N.
6 Sagittae ; Struve, 660 : III. 24.
Triple ; A of the 6th, B of the loth or 11th, and C of the
7th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Blackman-street ; July 4, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial,
Position = 58° i' rap I 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = i° 47' } _. ,._ ,
Distance = i i'.jiS | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".7zi \ ^^^ ^^^cu\t.
Observed on the meridian j the small star does not bear a good illumination.
Passy ; November 3, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
> Very difficult.
Position, rr 58° 5' «p
Distance r: 12". 161
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 2° 48'
Diff. = o".625
Passy ; August 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = S7°\7'np I 5 Obs. I Diff = 1° 16' >. Unsteady
Distance = 1 1".383 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = 0^577 j ^""eady.
Observed on the meridian ; small star rather faints but the measures arc good.
246 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXXXVI. continued.
Measures of A C.
Blackman-street ; July 4, 1824 ; Five- feet Equatorial.
6th and 7 th magnitudes.
Position =43° 16' sp
Distance = i' io".402
5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 1 3' )
5 Obs. I DifF. = o".432 3
Passy ; November 3, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 7th magnitudes.
Position = 43* 39' sp
Distance == i' 9".839
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 1° 40' )
DifF. = i".635>
Passy ; August 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7J and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 42° 39' sp I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 31' ) Unsteady
Distance = i' io".022 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".75s 5 ^^steaay.
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 57° 58' np (15 Obs.) ;
Distance ii".777 (i5 Obs.)
of AC. Position 43° n' sp (15 Obs.);
Distance 1' io".o88 (15 Obs.)
Epoch 1824.98.
Sir W. Herschel has no measures of the positions of these
stars. The distance of A B he makes 11" 4/", agreeing pretty
well with the present ; while that of A C is stated by him at
59" 49'", a convincing proof of some cause of error in the
micrometer when opened to considerable distances, and which
has been already alluded to. What this cause of error may
have been, whether parallax, or the resistance of a spiral
steel spring straining the threads of the screw immoderately,
it is useless now to enquire ; but the whole tenor of the
observations goes to prove, that distances less than 20 or 30"
are not affected by it. (H.)
and positions of 458 double and triple stars, &c. 247
No. DCCXXXVIL R. A. 20^ 2™ ; Decl. 20° 25' N.
Nova ;
Double; 8th and 10th magnitudes,
Blackman-street ; July 4, 1824 ; Five- feet Equatorial.
Position == 39° 33' sf
Distances i' /^I'.zgo
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
n-ffZi°^',,{ Difficult.
Dm. = o".727 )
Passy ; November 7, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 1th magnitudes.
Position =: 39** 15' sf
Distance = i' 40". 848
5 Obs. I Di£F.= .<' 30- j Very difficult.
5 Obs. I Diff. = 3".474
Small star blue, and very faint. Night hazy.
Mean Result.
Position 39° ^4f sfi Distance i' 4i".o69 ; Epoch 1824.68.
No. DCCXXXVIII. R. A. 20^ 4" ; Decl. 33° 7' N.
Struve, 663 ; Hist. Gael. 297.
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Blackman-street ; July 11, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 22° 41' sf I 5 Obs. I DiflF. = 0° 45' |
Distance = 4i".842 j 5 Obs. | Diff. = ©".569 j • • • .
Passy ; November 7, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 21° 49' sf\ 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° i6' )
Distance =: 4i".883 | 5^bs. | Diff. = i".o82 ] • • • •
Mean Result.
Position 22° 15' sf; Distance 4i''.862 ; Epoch 1824.69.
248 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXXXIX. R. A. so'^ 5" ; Decl. 6° ss' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; September 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 39: -' -/ 1 S Obs I Diff. = .° 8' | ^^^^^^ ^.^^^^^^
Distance =: 25 .128 j 5 Obs. | DiiF. =: o .889 3
Observed on the meridian ; stars tolerably steady.
Passy ; September 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11 th magnitudes.
Position = 39° 23' nf \ 2 Obs. | DifF. =z 0° 54'. Extremely difficult.
Night is now so hazy, that the small star is no longer visible.
Passy; September 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 1th magnitudes.
Position = 39° 31' «/| 5 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 9' \ Extremely difficult.
Distances 25". 104 | 5 Obs. j Diff. = i".370 > '
Night hazy ; the small star is bine.
Mean Result.
Position 39° 26' w/(i2 Obs.); Distance 25".! 16 (10 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.69.
No. DCCXL. R. A. 20^^ 5™ ; Decl. 6° 4' N.
Struve, 664 ; P. XX. 43, 44.
Double ; equal ; each of the 7th magnitude.
Blackman-street ; July 4, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Diff. = 0° 46' )
Diff. = i".42ij • . • .
Observed when i** 15' east of the meridian, but the stars are very steady.
Position = 77° 9' *j9 or nf
Distance = 44".07o
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Passy; November 6, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of the 8th magnitude.
Position zz 77° li' sp or nf
Distance = 43^7 17
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = 1° 43'
Diff.
. = i".i78 5 • • • .
Mean Result,
Position T '7° 11' sp or nf; Distance 43". 893 ; Epoch 1824.67.
and positions of 4<5S double and triple stars , &c. 249
No. DCCXLI. R. A. 20^ 7" ; Decl. 21° 45' N.
Nova ;
Triple ; A 8th, B 8 J, and C of the 12th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; August 1, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 850 42' nf 5 Obs. I Diff. = i» 37' ) npolerablv steadV
Distance= 7".o33 5 Obs. | Diff. == o".456 5 ^ olerably steady.
Passy ; August 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 85 magnitudes.
Position = 860 45/ „y I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 42' ) E„fremelv unsteady
Distances: 6".26s | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".649 ] Extremely unsteady.
Night hazy ; stars 20 minutes west of the meridian when observed.
Passy ; September 2, 1825 ; Seven feet Equatorial.
8^ and 9| magnitudes.
Distance = 6".465 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = ©".336. Very hazy.
Passy ; September 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 85 magnitudes.
Distance == 5".992 | 5 Obs. j Diff. = o".6/^g. Steady.
Measures of A C.
Passy; August 1, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5 Obs. ( Diff. z= 1° 55' ) .. ,.n, ,^
5 Obs. I Diff. = o".i8i > ^^"y ^^®^^^*-
Position — 60° is' sf
Distance = 5 8". 156
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; September 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and 12th magnitudes.
c Obs. I Diff. = 1° 40' ) „ . , j.rx: ,^
c Obs. Diff. = o".Q I ^ \ Excessively difficult.
Position =5 60° 8' */
Distance = s^".6g^
5 UDs. I uiir. = o .913 )
The small star bears but the slightest illumination, and the observations, particu<
larly of distance, are a little suspicious. Night hazy. ; 3-: hr: '
Passy; September 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Distance i^ 57'.i24 j 5 Obs. J Diff. = o''.8i7. Excessively difficult,
MDCCCXXVI. k k
250 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXLI. continued. "-'^-'^ '
Mean Result.
of A. B. Position 86° 13' nf (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.59 ;
Distance 6".^S9 (20 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.64.
of AC. Position 60° 12' 5/(10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.62 ;
Distance 57*.325 (i5 Obs.) ; Epoch 1 835.^5-
No. DCCXLII. R. A. 20^^ 8- ; Decl. 46« 12' N.
0^ Cygni ; Struve, 667 ; VI. 10.
Double ; 5th and 8th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; June 28, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 840 o' sf
Distances: i'46".376
5 Obs. I DifF. = o<> 15' )
5 Obs. I Diff. = i".o42>
Observed when 4 hours east of the meridian.
Passy; November 3, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5 th and 8th magnitudes.
Position =83° 47' sf
Distance = i' 46".4io
5 Obs. I Ditf. = 0° 35' )
5 Obs. J DifF. = I ".250
Mean Result.
Position 8s° 5s* sj; Distance 1' 46".393 ; Epoch 1824.66.
The position of 1781 is 87° 14' sp, differing 8° 53' from
the present ; an extraordinary change for a star of the 6th
class, and one so easy of measurement. In Piazzi's cata-
logue, a proper motion of — o".03 in R. A. and +o''.i8 in
declination is ascribed to the large star. This should carry
the large star almost directly away from the small one (and
indeed there is an apparent increase of 6" in the distance,
could the earlier measure be relied on) ; but no sensible
change of angle could thus arise. This star should be re-
measured after a lapse of 20 or 30 years. (H.)
and positions of 458 double and triple stars, &c, 251
No. DCCXLIII. R. A. 20^ 10'" ; Decl. 47" 10' N.
32 Cygni ; Struve, 669 ; VI. 32.*
Double ; 5th and 9th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; June 28, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial. '
Position = 85° 34' sf I 5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 18' \
Distance = 3' 28".972 I 5 Obs. DifF. = o".769 5 • • • •
Passy ; November 3, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 85° 34' sf J 5 Obs. DifF. = 0° 32' )
Distance = 3' 28".o2i | 5 Obs. DifF. = i^s^V § • ' ' '
Mean Result.
Position 85° 34' sf; Distance 3' 28".496 ; Epoch 1824.66.
No. DCCXLIV. R. A. qo^ ii-^ ; Decl. 12° 28^ N.
.!ifDn Nova;
Double ; 8^ and 8|- magnitudes.
Passy ; July 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =52° 50' np I c Obs. I DifF. = o° 57' ) ^ .
Distance = l8".562 "^ \ 5 Obs. | Diff. =o".2;o J ^""^ measures.
Observed on the meridian ; stars tolerably steady.
Passy ; July 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 52° 51' n/)
Distance = 28".205
S Obs.* I Diff! = o''.2f8} ^^^y satisfactory.
Mean Result.
Position 52° 51' w/> ; Distance 28". 383 ; Epoch 1825.58.
* So called in Struve's Catalogue, but erroneously* VI. 32 is ^ Cygni R. A,
26^ 40"". (H.)
352 Mr. SouTH*s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXLV. R. A. 20»^ li™ ; Decl. 15° 21' S.
jQ Capricorni ; Struve, 670 ; VI. 28.
Triple ; A 5th, B of the 7th, and C of the 10th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Blackman-street ; July 12, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position —z^s^sp I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 23' \
Distance = 3' z^'.ioo \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".6oo5 • • • •
Passy ; November 7, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
6th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 2° 55' sp 5 Obs. I Diff. z= 0° 29' ) ^ ^
Distance = 3' 23".330 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".0345 ^^^ "^^y-
Observed when i hour west of the meridian.
Measures of A C.
Passy; November 9, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 43° 27' */ 1 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 25' ) ,, „, Axair.„u
Distance= 3' 46'.86i | 5 Obs. | DifF. = ,".803 j^ery difficult.
Night hazy; small star is extremely faint.
Passy ; August 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5 th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 43° 54' sf I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 42' 1 Extremely difficult
Distance = 3' 46".57i | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".889 5 ^^^^^"^^^^ ^^"^^"^'^*
Observed on the meridian j small star is blue, and bears only a very slight
illumination.
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 2° 54' sp ; Distance 3' 23''.715 ;
Epoch 1824.69.
of A C. Position 43° 4o' sf-. Distance 3' ^6"*li6 ;
Epoch 1825.35.
Sir W. Herschel has given no measures of this star. (H.)
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, &c. 253
No. DCCXLVI. R. A. 20^ 12' ; Decl. 45° 4' N. .
Struve, 671 ; Hist. Csel. 240.
Double ; 9^ and 10th magnitudes.
Black man-street ; July 12, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 43° 59' « J9 I 5 Obs.
Distance = 9". 143 j 5 Obs.
Sft : l-i^} Difficult.
Position = 42° S^'^P
Distance = S".687
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Passy ; November 7, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9| and 10th magnitudes.
dI«. = I".332 1 Excessively difficult.
The Night has become so foggy, that I can observe no longer.
Mean Result.
Position 43° 28' ^'^ ; Distance 8".9i5; Epoch 1824.69.
No. DCCXLVII. R. A. 201^ 14" ; Decl. 15° 50' N.
Nova ;
Triple ; A 9th, B gi, and C of the 15th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; August 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 62° 5' sf 5 Obs. DifF. = i° 13' 7 Rather difficult
Distance = 3 i".5oo 5 Obs. DifF. = i".37o j father aitticult.
The star B bears only an indifferent illumination.
Passy ; August 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9? magnitudes.
Position = 61° 16' */| 5 Obs. ( DifF. = !<> i' 7 difficult
Distance = 3o".477 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".577 5 ^^™cuit.
Neither of these stars will bear a good illumination.
Passy ; September 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10| magnitudes.
Distance = 3o".259 | 5 Obs. [ DifF. = o".745. Extremely difficult.
The star B bears but the slightest illumination.
354 ^^' SouTH''s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXLVII. continued.
Measures of B C.
Passy ; August 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equitorial.
When the eye is directed to another part of the field, the southern star (B) is seen
also double ; but its small star is so extremely faint, that to obtain any thing like
measures of accuracy is impossible.
Position = i7°,o' ± nf; Distance =13 seconds (by estimation).
Passy ; September 2 1825 ; Seven-feet Equitorial.
The star B is certainly double of the 2d or 3d class ; but its small star, which is
nf, is so excessively obscure, that no observations of it can be procured. Night fine ;
stars steady.
Mean Result.
A B. Position 61° 40' sf [10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.59 ;
Distance 30". 745 (i5 Obs); Epoch 1825.62.
B C. Position 17° ± n/j Distance 13 seconds. (Each by estimation.)
No. DCCXLVIII. R. A. 20^ 18'° ; Decl. 13° 44' S.
Struve, 675 ; Hist. Csel. 176.
Double ; 9t and 10th magnitudes ; and bear but a very
feeble illumination.
Passy; September 17, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 23° 3 q'«/ c Obs. DifF. = i® 6')^ , ...
Distance = 24".743 ^ 3 Obs. DifF. = 1". 1 30 J <^^ *^^ meridian.
Night fine j stars steady ; but the measures are extremely difficult.
Passy ; November 9, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9 J and 10th or 11 th magnitudes.
Position = 23° 10' «/ 5 Obs. I Difi; = 1° 5' ) 35 minutes west of the
Distance z=. 23". 659 5 Obs. j DifF. = i".587 5 meridian.
Measures extremely dfficult ; the small star scarcely bears any illumination.
Passy ; August 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
10th and 1 1th magnitudes.
Distance = 23".oo8 | 5 Obs. | DifF. =: o".84i. Excessively difficult.
Night fine j but neither star will bear sufficient illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 23° 25' nf\ (10 Obs.); Epoch 1824.78 ;
Distance 23".8o3 ; (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.07.
and positio7is 0/4,^8 double and triple stars, C^c. 255
No. DCCXLIX. R. A. 20^ iS" ; Decl. 2<> 42' S.
Struve, 674 ; P. XX. 140.
Double ; 6t and 7th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; July 12, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 80° 57' *p I 5 Obs. I Diff. =: i" 13' )
Distance = 59^359 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".288 J * * *
Passy ; November 6, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7^ and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 8o° 24' « P I 5 Obs. l Diff. = 1° 10' ) ,.- u. . r ui
Distance = i'o".ii9 | 5 Obs. | Diff.= i^yo;] Night not favourable.
Passy ; August 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6^ and 7th magnitudes.
Position = 8o° 25' * » I c Obs. I Diff. = o° 38' ) ,;. , .
Distance = i' o".o39 I 3 Obs. | Diff. = 0^.240 ] ^^"^ ^^^^^y*
Observations very satisfactory.
Mean Result,
Position 80° 35' sp (15 Obs.); Distance 59".872 (15 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.00.
No. DCCL. R. A. 20^ 22™ ; Decl. 25° 48' N.
Nova;
Double ; 8t and 8|: magnitudes.
Passy ; July 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Diff! = i''.o"4} Tolerably steady.
Position = 54° 25' np I 5 Obs.
Distance = i'6".932 | 5 Obs.
Passy ; July 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8^ and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 54° 1' np
Distance = i' 6".49o
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
I)^.z=°d'.%}^^'^^^^^y'
Mean Result.
Position 54° is' np\ Distance i'V.711 ; Epoch 1825.58.
356 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCLI. R. A. 20^^ 22"^ ; Decl. 10° 45' N.
i5(Bode) Delphini; Struve, 681 ; III. 16.
Double ; equal ; each 7th magnitude.
Passy; October 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 13° 19' nfot sp \ 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 13' ) c-.._„
Distance = i4".662 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".889 5 =>o^th.
Position = 13° 58' nf or sp 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 15' ^ Caot Beaufort
Distance = i^-^jSz 5 Obs. \ DifF. = o".745 S ^ -Beaufort.
Stars tolerably steady. Night fine.
Passy ; October 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each 7| magnitude.
Position = if 12' nf or sp\s Obs. I DifF. = 0° 37' ^ co„th
Distance = i^'Mj | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".673 j ^o^^h.
Position = 1 3° 49' nf or sp I 5 Obs. I DifF. = i° 18' ) ^ M^.^r^r.^-r
Distance = I4'.643 j 5 Obs. | DifF. = o'.456 J ^
Mean Result.
Position is^SS' nf or sp (20 Obs.) ; Distance 14".689 (20 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.76.
The observation of 1781 makes the position of this star
9® 42' sp, and its distance 12" 5'" " exactly measured.'' The
change in position is not considerable ; but an increase of
2".6 in distance, or more than a sixth, is rather too much to
be attributed to errors of observation. (H.)
No. PCCLII. R. A. 20^ 22" ; Decl. 18° 48' N.
Struve, 678 ; Hist. Gael. 537.
Double ; 7th and 7^ magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; July 4, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 18° $1' np
Distance= 1' 45".4i5
5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 58' ^ Very steady
5 Obs. I Diff. = o".4o8 5 ^^"^ "^^^J"*
Observed wheii i** 45" west of the meridian.
and positions 0/458 double and triple stars y &c. 257
No. DCCLII. continued.
Passy ; November 6, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and S\ magnitudes.
Position = 1 8° 22' np
Distances: i" 44".35o
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
iff. =:0°2I') „ ,
iff. =o".8i7j^^^y-
Observed when 45 minutes west of the meridian.
Passy ; August 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 7i magnitudes.
Position zz
Distance
-i<f2'np\s Obs. I Diff. = o° 28' ] „ satisfactory
= i'46".365 I 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".io6 j ^^^^ satisfactory.
Mean Result,
Position i8° 38' np (15 Obs.); Distance i'45".377 (i5 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1824.98.
No. DCCLIII. R. A. 9,0^ 22"^ ; Decl. 56° s' N.
37 (Bode) Cephei ; Struve, 679.
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes ; the small star is decidedly
blue.
Blackman-street ; July 12, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position =r 29° 59' sf
Distance = 26". ^4^
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = I" 58' )
DifF. = 1". 136 5 • * •
Passy ; November 16, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 29° 1 8'*/ 1 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 17' \
Distance = 26". 347 | 5 Obs. | Diff. =: i".755 j • • • •
Mean Result.
Position 29° 38' sf; Distance 26".446; Epoch 1824.70.
MDCCCXXVI. / /
258 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCLIV. R. A. 20^ 23™ ; Decl. 25° 5s' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Passy ; July 29, 1825 : Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =31° zj,' np
Distance =: 25". 686
c Obs. I DifF. = 1° 34' ) o ^, ,.^ .
5 Obs. I DifF. = ,".250] Rather difficult.
Stars tolerably steady ; but the small one does not bear a good illumination.
Passy ; July 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
0\ and 1 0th magnitudes.
piff. = .°48' t Difficult.
Position = 31** 6' np
Distance = 25".662
DifF. = i".o82 \
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Stars steady ; but the smaller one is faint.
Mean Result.
Position 31° 14<' np; Distance 25".674; Epoch 1825.58.
No. DCCLV. R. A. 20^ 25- ; Decl. 48° 37' N.
210 (Bode) Cygni ; Struve, 683.
Double ; 6th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; September 24, 1824 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
Position = 8° 21' np I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 10' ) ^ ^ , .._ ,
Distance = i' i".583 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = ,„..63 j ^^^^^"^^^y ^'ffi<="^^-
Another double star of the 4th class (7th and 15th magnitudes) follows it ; but
the small star is so extremely faint, that it is unmeasurable to-night, perhaps in
consequence of the moisture precipitated on the object-glass, which exceeds any
thing I have as yet witnessed.
Passy; November 16, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position := 9° 3' «/!• 1 3 Obs. | DifF. =: 0° 45'. Excessively difficult.
No observations of distance can be procured ; one half of the object-glass is ren-
dered useless, by the interference of the transverse timber which connects the east
and west sides of the observatory.
Passy; August 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6'th and 1 1th magnitudes.
Position = 9** 8' 71 j9 I 5 Obs.
Distance = 1' i".i9i j 5 Obs.
Diff! = i".o34 } Excessively difficult.
The small star bears but a very slight illumination.
and positions qf4foS double and triple stars, &c. 259
No. DCCLV. continued.
Mean Result.
Position 8° 49' np (13 Obs.); Epoch 1825.09 ;
Distance 1' i".387 (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.19.
There is some reason to suppose that Sir W. Herschel
has erroneously called this star «^ Cygni, which it certainly
is not ; w* as far as my instruments can inform me is single.
No. DCCLVI. R. A. 20^^ 26'" ; Decl. 48° sY N.
o^ Cygni ; Struve, 684 ; IV. 24.*
Double; 6th and 12th, or 15th magnitudes; the small
star bears no illumination ; it is the double star alluded to in
the observations of 210 (Bode) Cygni, which star it follows a
few seconds of time.
Passy ; September 27, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position ::= 46° 45' n/) ± I 2 Observations, I Dif. c= 2° 33'.
Distance zz 55".098 ± \ Single measure. |
The measures are so extremely difficult, that the results are I fear little better
than guesses. 210 (Bode) Cygni is in the field; is more easily measured than this
star ; and, by very cautious estimation, the distance between the two stars of «'
Cygni is less than that of the two stars of 210 (Bode) Cygni, by six or seven seconds.
Passy; August 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 15 th magnitudes. •
Position = 49° 5' n;, I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 55' 7 Excessively difficult
Distance = 55''.929 I 5 Obs. | DifF. - i".o82 j excessively dimcuit.
210 (Bode) Cygni which I have just measured is difficult enough ; it is however
easy when compared with this. My confidence in the accuracy of these results is
but little. Night at present tolerably favourable.
* The star here measured is not IV. 24, in spite of the general agreement of their
angles. The descriptions are totally at variance ; and in the MS. there is a remark,
" My 24th star in class IV. is miscalled ; it should be Fl. 46* Cygni («^) adjacens,
or ad 46 am Cygni ;" u^ Cygni is in fact IV. 23. (H).
26o Mr. SouTH*s observations of the apparent distances
' No. DCCLVI. continued.
Passy ; September 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 15 th magnitudes.
Position = 48° 58' n/> I 5 Obs. | DifF. = 1° 17'. Excessively difficult.
Observed with 157 ; the small star was not visible with i8i ; measures of distance
impracticable.
Mean Result.
(Rejecting the angles observed September 27, 1824,)
Position 49° 1' np (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.^ ;
Distance 55'', 791 (6 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.20.
No. DCCLVII. R. A. 20^ 26'" ; Decl. 27" 31' N.
Nova ;
Double; 9^ and 11th magnitudes; small, bluish.
Passy ; August 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 32° 2' n« I s Obs. I DifF. = 3° 31' | „ • ^ a-o: ^.
Distance = i".? 10 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".432 \ Excessively difficult.
The small star scarcely bears any illumination. Observed on the meridian. Night
very fine ; stars steady.
Passy ; August 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 11 th magnitudes.
^^S.W 1 S SbS: I ES:= 1".!^;} Excessively difficult.
The small star, which is light blue, bears but the most scanty illumination. Night
tolerably favourable for delicate observations.
Mean Result.
Position 31° ss' np ; Distance 4".468 ; Epoch 1 825.63.
and positions of ^s^ double and triple starSy &c. 26ig
No. DCCLVIII. R. A. qo^ 27"^ ; Decl. 13° 21' S.
Struve, 685; Hist. Gael. 114-
Double; 10th and 11th magnitudes; extremely faint, and
scarcely bear any illumination.
Passy; November 9, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 71*' 33' sp I 5 Obs. DifF. = 40 15' ) Excessivelv difficult
Distance = io".267 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".72i ] Excessively dimcult.
Night unfavourable, and stars 40 minutes west of the meridian.
Passy ; November 24, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 75° 51' «;> I 5 Obs. | Diff. = 6° 32'. Excessively difficult.
No observations of distance can be procured. Night not good, and the observa-
tions made, the stars being ij hour west of the meridian.
Passy ; August 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th, or 11th magnitudes.
Position = 74^ z sp\s Obs. DifF. = 1° 52' } E^cessivelv difficult
Distance = io".245 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".s29 5 excessively ditticult.
Stars extremely faint, and under a slight illumination become invisible.
Mean Result.
Position 73° 49' sp(i5 Obs.); Epoch 1825.13 ;
Distance io".256 (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.24.
No. D CCLIX. R. A. 20^^ 28- ; Decl. 14° 8' N.
Struve, 686 ; IV. 92.
Triple ; A of the 9th, B of the 9^, and C of the 10th mag-
nitudes.
Measures of A. B.
Passy ; October 9, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position 2520° 25' sf\ 5 Obs.
Distance =: 25".272 j 5 Obs.
DiflF. = 1° 34' ^
Diff.= i".8o3i
Passy ; November 9, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9| magnitudes.
Position = 19° 31' «/ 1 5 Obs. I DifF. = i° 20' ) ^ ,
Distance = z^-'.S^s I 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".o34 5 ^^^^ ^^^y*
262 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCLIX. continued. ^^yf
Measures of A C.
.j^; ,, Passy; October 9, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 53° ii' sp I 5 Obs. 1 DiiF. = 1° 3' )
Distance= 54".! 36 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".o82 5 * * *
Passy ; October 14, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes. ^^- oi ::.
Position =: 52" 40' «j>
Distance = 54".203
5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 41' > g^^
5 Obs. I DifF. = 1 ".8035^°^^"-
My friend Mr. Troughton, being on a visit to me at Passy,
was so kind as to take the following observation this even-
ing, October 14, 1824.
Distance = 54".5s8 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i'.2g\. Mr. Troughton.
Mean Result.
of AB. Position 19° 5S' sf; Distance 25".o83 ; Epoch 1824.81.
of AC. Position 52'* 55' 5i> (10 Obs.); Distance 54".299 (15 Obs.);
'■'■'' Epoch 1824.78.
The position of A B here given differs only 1° 31' from
what it was in 1783, and the distance only i".2. (H.)
No. DCCLX. R. A. 20^^ 34'° ; Decl. 12° 6f N.
Struve, 690 ; Hist. Gael. 106.
Double ; equal ; each of the 9th magnitude.
Blackman-street ; July 1.3, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 3° 13' w/or sp I 5 Obs. DifF. = 1° 24' ) ^.^ ,
Distance = 9".og6 ] 5 Obs. DifF. = o".632 ] -Difficult.
These stars do not bear a good illumination.
Passy ; November 6, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of the 1 0th magnitude.
Position =: 2° 47' sp or nf
Distance = 9".293
DifF. = 1° 37' ) _.„ ,
DifF. = o".937J^^ffic"lt-
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Observed when 50 minutes west of the meridian ; night very hazy.
Mean Result.
Position 3° o' nf or sp ; Distance 9".i94 ; Epoch 1824.68.
and positions of 458 double and triple stars y &c. 263
No. DCCLXI. R. A. 20^ 37"^ ; Decl. 23° 17' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 10th and lo^ magnitudes.
Passy; September 1, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position == 63° 13' np I 5 Obs.
Distance r= i"'93S — I * Obs.
' ^ ^ > Excessively difficult.
Stars extremely unsteady and ill defined. The results are of doubtful accuracy.
Passy ; September 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 10^ magnitudes.
Position r: 60° 39' np I 5 Obs." I DifF. = 4° 10' ) ^ . , ..-e ,^
Distance = 2". 072 \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = J".288 j Excessively difficult.
Observed with 181. Stars tolerably steady.
Mean Result.
Position 61° 56' np (lo Obs.); Distance 2^049 (6 Obs.) ;
Epocb 1825.69.
No. DCCLXII. R. A. 20*' 37" ; Decl. 30° 4' N.
52 Cygni ; Struve, 691 ; II. 25.
Double ; 6th and 10th magnitudes; small, blue.
Passy ; October 2, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Diif! = o".6oi ( Extremely difficult.
Position =33° 26' nf\ 5 Obs.
Distance = 7". 127 | 5 Obs.
Several stars in the field. One double, of the 4th or 5th class, follows 52 Cygni
a few seconds of time; but the attempt to measure it has been unsuccessful: it
will not bear the slightest illumination. Night very fine.
Passy ; August 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th, or 1 1th magnitudes.
Position = 32° 1' nf 6 Obs. I DifF. = 1° cc' ) „ , , ,._ ,^
Distance = 7".278 5 Obs. j Diff. = o".432 j Extremely difficult.
Stars on the meridian, and very steady ; the small one is light blue, and bears but
a very feeble illumination.
264 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCLXII. continued.
Mean Result.
Position 32° 40' nf (11 Obs.); Distance 7".202 (10 Obs.);
Epoch ] 825.19.
In 1781 this star was measured at 31° 3' nf. It therefore
appears liable to no change of position. The distance is
variously stated at 2^, 3, and 4 diameters, according to
atmospheric circumstances, power, &c. (H.)
No. DCCLXIir. R. A. 20^ 38"; Decl. 18° 51' S.
Struve, 693 ; Hist. C^el. 1 77.
Double ; 7^ and 8th magnitudes.
Passy ; September 23, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position z= 25° 23' np c Obs. l Diff. ^ i** 3' ) m 1 v, ^ j
Distance = iS".785 5 Obs. \ DifF. = o".2so \ tolerably steady.
Observed on the meridian.
Passy ; November 6, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8i and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 24° 50' np 5 Obs. I DifF. = 3° c' ) « .u jx-az 1
Distance = iG'.yii 5 Obs. | DifF. = '".g+rf ^^^her difficult.
Night very hazy ; stars faint.
Mean Result.
Position 25** 6* np\ Distance 16". 749 ; Epoch 1824.78.
No. bcCLXIV. R. A. 20^ 38'" ; Decl. 15° 14' N.
Struve, 692 ; 11. 66.
Double; 8|- and 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; September 17, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 83° 47' nf \ 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = 2° 4'. Rather difficult.
Passy ; September 23, 1 824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
-fyci Position 83° 47' np \ 5 Obs. j DifF. = 0° 42'. Very difficult.
Night very hazy.
and positions of^s^ double and triple stars y ^c. 265
No. DCCLXIV. continued.
Passy ; September 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Position = 87°i9'np|5 0bs. ^S.-z^z' ^ Catisfactorv
Distance = 5".58o j 5 Obs. Diff. = o'.793 ] Satisfactory.
Observed when i\ hour west of the meridian; stars most admirably defined, are
remarkably steady, and bear a very good illumination. Night unusually fine.
Passy ; August 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9f magnitudes.
Diff: = i''.ig2l^^'*y^^®*^^^''
Position =: 85° 1 2' np
Distance r= ^".zzz
Distance rz ^'.jSo
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
923
DiiF. = o".649. Difficult.
Night hazy, but less so when the 2nd set of distances was procured.
Passy ; August 16, 1825 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
8| and 9th magnitudes.
. Position = 84° 48' np 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 28' ) ^ ,
Distance = 4".722 5 Obs. I DifF. =: 0^649 ( ^^"^ '^^^"^y*
Stars bear a very good illumination. Night favourable ; observations satisfactory.
Passy; August 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 91 magnitudes.
Distance = 4". 609 | 5 Obs. , Diff. = o''.456. Tolerably steady.
The distance, 5". 580, taken September 29, 1824, is probably large ; still as the
observations were made under favourable circumstances, I cannot reconcile myself
to their rejection.
Mean Result.
Position 84° 59' np {9,5 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.08 ;
Distance 4*. 9 79 (25 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.40.
In 1783.33 the position was found to be 78° 42' np, so that
an angle of + 6° 17' seems to have been described since that
epoch, or +o**.i28 per annum. This star then should be
re-examined after an interval of 10 or 20 years, to ascertain
whether the presumed motion be real, or not. (H.)
MDCCcxxvi. mm
266 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCLXV. R. A. 20^ 40™ ; Decl. ss"" 60' N.
X Cygni ; Struve, 696', VI. 32.
Double ; 5th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; September 27, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 14° 4' «/ I c Obs. I DifF. = o° 35' | ,. _ ,.«. .^
Distance = l'^e".^^^ \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o-'.el^ \ ^^^ '^^^^^l*'
Small star bears but a very feeble illumination. Night fine.
Passy ; November 9, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5 th and 12 th magnitudes.
The small star is blue, and bears only the slightest illumination; i^ hour west of
the meridian when observed.
Passy ; August 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5 th and 11th, or 12th magnitudes.
Position = 14° 53' sf \ c Obs. I Diff. = 0° 56' ^ „ ^ , ,.«. ,^
Distance = 1' z^^sH I 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".529 \ ^^''^^^^y difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 14° 29' 5/(15 Obs.) ; Distance 1' 25".59o (15 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.08.
The angle remains within i** 47' what it was in 1781. (H.)
No. DCCLXVI. R. A. 20^ 42"^ ; Decl. 5^ 46^ N.
Nova;
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes.
1 Passy; August 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position r= 69° z^ np \ 5 Obs. Diff. := 2° o' } ■p..«. ,
Distance = 3*.794 | 5 Obs. Diff. = ©".529 ^ ^'"^^"*^-
Night hazy ; the stars frequently are very indistinct.
Passy ; August 12, 1285 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9 th and i)^ magnitudes
Position = 69° 38' np
Distance =: 4". 202
5 Obs. Diff. = 1° 30' ) ,. ,.n;^ u
5 Obs. Diff. = o".288 \ ^^'y ^'^^''^^-
Observed on the meridian ; stars unsteady.
Mean Result.
Position 69* 31' np ; Distance 3^.998 ; Epoch 1825.61.
and positions of 458 double and triple stars y &c. 267
No. DCCLXVII. R. A. 20^ 43" ; Decl. 51° 1/ N.
Struve, 698 ; II. 100.
Double; 8th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; August 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 150 34' nf\ 5 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 28' J Excessively difficult.
Distance = 4 .575 | 5 Obs. j DifF. = o".48i > '
Night very favourable ; the small star scarcely bears any illumination. Observed
when 35 minutes east of the meridian.
Passy ; August 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 11th magnitudes.
Position =: 15° 25' nf
Distance = ^'-907
6 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff! = o°.36o} Excessively difficult.
The small star is light blue. Observed on the meridian. A small portion of
the object-glass not employed, in consequence of the interference of the observatory
timbers.
Passy ; September 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
^'th and 1 1 th magnitudes.
Position = 15° 12' ra/
Distance = 3".744
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff! = t^.tiz} Excessively difficult.
A cloudless sky ; but the stars are extremely unsteady and ill defined; added to
these circumstances, a small portion of the object-glass (perhaps one-eighth) is
rendered useless by the unfortunate situation of the timbers of the observatory.
The observations of position agree w^ell enough ; but it is
otherwise with those of distance. The night of August the
20th was much more favourable than either of the nights on
which the star was subsequently measured ; and as the mean
of the distances procured on those nights will differ but little
with that obtained on the 20th, if we take the three sets we
shall probably not err much when we give as the
Mean Result.
Position 15° 24' nf {16 Obs. ) ; Distance 4".409 (15 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.65.
There appears not the least change of position in these
stars, the angle here given differing no more than o*' 27' from
what it was in 1783. (H.)
268 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCLXVIII. R. A. 20^ 44" ; Decl. 6« 40' N.
Struve, 6q9 ; P. XX. 2^S6'
Double ; 8^ and 9th magnitudes ; and do not bear so good
an illumination, as their apparent magnitudes would induce
one to expect.
Blackman-street ; July 15, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 54«» 45' */ 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = 0° 25' )
Distance = 4o".73i 5 Obs. j Diff. = o".537 3 • • • •
Observed when one hour east of the meridian.
Same date and Instrument.
8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position =: 54° 43' sf I 5 Obs.
Distance zz 4o".466 | 5 Obs.
DifF. = 1° 14' )
DifF. z= o".727 5
Observed when 10 minutes east of the meridian, and vi^as re^measured this evening
inadvertently.
Mean Result.
Position 54** 44' sf; Distance 4o".598 ; Epoch 1824.54.
No. DCCLXIX. R. A. 20^ 50- ; Decl. 15° 47' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Passy ; August 9, 1825 ; Seven»feet Equatorial.
Position = 140 8' sj s Obs. Diff. = 0° 46' \ R.^^er difficult.
Distance = 14".528
5 Obs.
DifF. = o".24o5
Stars extremely unsteady. Night very unfavourable. A star of the 8th magnitude,
at some distance in the field, sf.
Passy ; August 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8^ and 9th magnitudes.
Position -iz" S^' sp 5 Obs. I DifF = 1° 10'^ y difficult
Distance = 1 5". 1 98 5 Obs. | DifF. = o". 1 68 5 ^ ^^ uimcuit.
Small star very faint. Night is become so hazy, that the observations are necessa-
rily concluded : not a cloud visible.
and positions 0/4,58 douhle and triple stars, &c, 269
No. DCCLXIX. continued.
Fa^yj August 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
8^ and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 14° 7'sp I 5 Obs. I DiiF. = 1° 7' ^ ^ difficult
Distance = I5".234 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".siz S very.mmcult.
The small star is light blue, and does not bear a very good illumination. Observed
on the meridian, but the stars are very unsteady. .
Mean Result.
Position 14* 2' 5/) (15 Obs.) ; Distance i4".987 (15 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.61.
No. D CCLXX. R. A. 20^ 53°' ; Decl. 49° 4>6f N.
280 (Bode) Cygni ; Struve, 703 ; I. 97-
Double ; 9th and 95- magnitudes ; small star light blue.
Passy ; August 14, 1825 ; Seven feet Equatorial.
Position = 58° 9' w/l 5 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 43' | ^ . , j-« t*
Distance = i"j6 "^ | 5 Obs. | DifF. = C.^i; [ Extremely difficult.
Observed with 181. The night is hazy, and the stars will not bear a higher power.
Passy; August 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9 th magnitudes.
Position = 60° 13' nf\ c Obs. I DifF. = 3° 11' ) rj^^^^^^UrAi(G^„u
Distance = 2".366 "^ \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".36o j Extremely difficult.
Stars very steady, but will not bear a deeper power than 181.
Passy; September 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet EquatoriaL
8^ and Qth magnitudes.
Position = 52° 36' nf I 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = 2° 48' ^ gxcessivelv difficult
Distance= 2".743 \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".432 > Excessively dimcult.
Stars very unsteady, and ill defined ; I cannot use a higher power than 181, which
is inadequate to separate the stars from each other, so much as I could wish.
Passy ; September 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8J and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 53° 2'nfs Obs. I DifF. = 2° 43' 7 Rvcessivelv difficult
Distance = 2".594 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".i68 J ^excessively dimcult.
Stars ill defined, and very unsteady. Night hazy. Observed with 181: a deeper
power was tried, but without success.
270 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCLXX. continued.
Passy ; September 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
82 and 9th magnitudes.
Position =53« 3'nf 1 5 Obs. I DifF. = i° 38' ) g
Distance =2". 35 1 \ 5 Obs. | DifF. =o".2i65
Position = 600 54' „/ 5 Obs. I Diff. = 6o ^. j BEAxrroRx.
Distance =2 .414 j 5 Obs. | Diff.=o'.i2o )
Position = 62° 3' ra/l 5 Obs. | DifF.= i5° 22'. Mons. Game art.
The extreme obscurity of the small star precludes M. Gambart getting any
observations of distance.
The measures deemed by all observers, excessively difficult; night tolerably
favourable, yet a higher power than 181 cannot be employed.
The discordance between the position of this double star,
as determined on different nights, is enormous ; a circum-
stance much to be regretted, as it appears to have under-
gone a considerable change since Sir W. Herschel's ob-
servations.
Mean Result.
Position 57° 9' nf ( 36 Obs.) ; Distance 2".449 ( 3o Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.66.
The angle of 1783.73 v^as 46° 24' nf. Hence it appears
that in the interval of 41 93 years no less an arc than — 10° 45'
has been described, giving a mean annual angular motion of
— 0^.2564. This star then w^ell merits the attention of future
observers. (H.)
No. DCCLXXI. R. A. 20^^ bb'^ ; Decl. 6° 30' S.
Nova ;
Double ; 6th and 1 ith magnitudes ; small, pale blue.
Passy ; August 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 78° o'*p I s Obs. DifF. = 2° 30' 7 Extremely difficult
Distance =: 3",224 | 5 Obs. DifF. =0'. 240 3 -^
The small star bears but a very feeble illumination. Measures must not be consi-
dered standard : the night is become very bad. Observed on the meridian.
and positions of ^^S double and triple stars, &c. 271
No. DCCLXXI. continued.
Passy ; September 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 1 1th magnitudes.
Position = 7»° 59' «p 5 Obs. I DifF.= 3° 30' 1 Excessively difficult
Distance = 3".43 1 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".3 1 2 § excessively aimcuit.
Stars very ill defined, and also unsteady ; results therefore deserving but little
confidence ; indeed 1 feel so little satisfied with them, that even should they accord
with the former observations, I would still prefer another series, taken under
more favourable circumstances. On the meridian at the time of observation.
Passy ; September 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =s: yS° z' sp I 5 Obs.
Distance = 3".027 j 5 Obs.
Diff! = o'^stfij Extremely difficult.
Observed on the meridian j stars tolerably steady.
Mean Result.
Position 78° 20' sp (15 Obs.) ; Distance 3".227 (15 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825,67.
No. DCCLXXII. R. A. 20^ 56'' ; Decl. 2° 51' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; August 20, 1 825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 59« so' sf I 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = i« 50' ) Kxcesivelv difficult
Distance = 3".638 ) 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".3i2 5 ^^cesively dimcult.
The small star is pale blue, extremely faint, and scarcely bears the least illu-
mination. The results are perhaps a little questionable. Observed when on the
meridian ; night tolerably favourable.
Passy ; August 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9 th and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 59° 12' sf 5 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 7' ) gvcessivelv difficult
Distance = 3".s89 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".3363 excessively aimcuit.
A very slight illumination obliterates the small star. Observations made on the
meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 59** 31' sf; Distance 3".6i3 ; Epoch 1825.64.
272 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCLXXIII. R. A. 20^57" ; Decl. 34° 44' N.
Struve, 704 ; Mayer.
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes. .
Passy ; October 2, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 59° 4c' « / I 5 Obs. DifF. = o° 55' )
Distance = 1' 23 .293 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".6gy j • • • •
Several stars in the field; some double, of the 4th and 5th classes; but their
extreme faintness renders them unmeasurable with this instrument. Night very
fine. ,
Passy ; November 9, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 60° 3' nf
Distance = i' 23". 206
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
S!^- = °°49'jDifiicult.
Diff. = 2' .332 5
Night very unfavourable.
Mean Result.
Position 59° 54' «/; Distance i' 23".249 ; Epoch 1824.80.
No. DCCLXXIV. R. A. 20^ 59°^ ; Decl. 33° 26' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; August 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 47: 25' *P I 5 Obs. DifF. = 1° 51' ^Difficult.
Distance = 14 .797 | i Obs. >
Night is now become so extremely hazy, that no more observations can be
procured.
Passy ; August 12, 1825 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
8th and 8g magnitudes.
SI=:°.g;^--<'^
Position = 46° 53' *jp I 5 Obs.
Distances: i4''.229 j 5 Obs.
Mean Result.
Position 47° 9' 5/ (10 Obs.); Distance 14". 3 24 (6 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.61.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, &c, 273
No. DCCLXXV. R. A. 21^ 1^ ; Decl. 29° 29' N.
Struve, 707 ; II. 97.
Double; 6th and 10th magnitudes; small, blue.
Passy ; September 24, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 46° ci'wo I c Obs. I DifF. =: 3°o' ^ ,, ,.«- , ,^
Distances Wz^ ^ \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".889 ^ ^'T^ ^^®^"^*-
This star is also double, of the 4th class, an extremely faint star preceding it, at
about 70° south. No measures of it can be obtained. The dew is so intolerably
troublesome, that I am obliged to discontinue the observations ; and I do it with
the greatest reluctance, for the night is unusually fine.
Passy ; November 6, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7 th and 10th magnitudes.
Position r= 44° 34' np | 5 Obs.
Distance zz 3 ".629 J 5 Obs.
Eiil^'.yr. I Extremely difficult.
.721 )
Night unfavourable ; observations taken when the stars were 50 minutes west of
the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 45° 12' ;^/>; Distance 3". 5 76; Epoch 1824.70. -
The position here assigned, differs only o** 3' from Sir W.
Herschel's measure in 1783 ; nor does the distance appear
to have sustained any material alteration. (H.)
No. DCCLXXVI. R. A. 21^ 2™ ; Decl. 21° 43' N.
Struve, 709 ; Bradley.
Double ; 6th and 7th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; July 15, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 3 1° 59' «p I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 55' \
Distances 1 7".663 | 5 Obs. | DiiF. = i".io5 J • • • •
Observed when i hour east of the meridian.
Passy ; November 3, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 7th magnitudes.
Position = 30° 58' np I 5 Obs. I Diff. rr 0° 53' 7
Distance = 1 7".638 | 5 Obs. | Diff. =: i".20* | • • • ,
Stars two hours west of the meridian, at the time of observation.
MDCCCxxvi. n n
274 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCLXXVI. continued.
Passy ; August 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8J magnitudes.
Position = 30° 2'np\s Obs. DifF. = i^ 41' \ Unsteady
Distance= 1 7^999 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".48i ] '^"^'^eaay.
Night hazy; the stars occasionally very faint; the small one is bluish.
Passy; September 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Position = 30« 35' np I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 30' ) y unsteady
Distance z= i7".oS4 | 5 Obs. j DifF. = o".962 5 ^^^ unsteafly.
Night extremely hazy.
Passy ; September 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8^ and 9th magnitudes.
Distance =: i8".o7i | 5 Obs. J Diff. = i".oio. Tolerably steady.
The night is very hazy, and the small star at times extremely faint.
All the observations of this double star taken this year,
1825, were the result of inadvertence ; I was not aware that
the star had been observed in 1824.
Mean Result.
Position 30° 6s' np (20 Obs.); Epoch 1825.17 ;
Distance 17".685 (25 Obs.); Epoch 1825.27.
No. DCCLXXVII. R. A. 21^^ 2- ; Decl. 61° 26' N.
Struve, 708 ; 1789.213.
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; July 10, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position r= 29** 53' np \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = 3° 32'. Extremely difficult.
Observed when 2 hours east of the meridian.
Passy; November 16, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 35° 37' no 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 23' ) ^ ^ _ , ..«. ,^
Distance= 7 .002 ^ 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".9i3 ] E^t'-emely difficult.
and positions 0/4,^8 double and triple stars, &c. 275
No. DCCLXXVII. continued.
^ Passy ; August 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 91 magnitudes.
Position = 32<> 3' n o I c Obs. I Diff. = 3° 31' ) „ ,.^ ,.
Mean Result.
Position 32° 31' np (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.01 ;
Distance 6".825 (lo Obs.); Epoch 1825.25.
No. DCCLXXVIII. R. A. 2ii» 2™ ; Decl. 8° 50' N.
Nova ;
Double ; equal ; each 9th or 10th magnitudes ; both bluish.
Passy; August 16, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 6° I'sp orn/ I c Obs. I Diff. = i°27' ) „ • i j-a: i.
Distance = 2". 938 "^ | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o". 192 j Excessively difficult.
Stars tolerably steady, but are very faint. Night hazy.
Passy ; October 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal; each of the 10th magnitude.
Position := 5° 45' sp or nf\ 5 Obs. | Diff. = 1° 58'. Excessively difficult.
Measures of distance impracticable ; neither star will bear the least illumination.
Night tolerably favourable.
Passy; October 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of the Qth magnitude.
Position = s; S^'sp or nf 5 Obs. Diff. = 4^ 48' | Excessively difficult.
Distance = 3 .236 5 Obs. Diff. = 0'. 120 3 ^
Night is become so hazy, that Captain Beaufort cannot procure any observations.
Mean Result.
Position 5° 55' sp or nf (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.75 ;
Distance 3".o87 (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.74.
27^ Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCLXXIX. R. A. 21^ 2°» ; Decl. 38° 1' N.
Struve, 710.
Double ; 8th and loth magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; October 2, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 79° 23' nf c Obs. DifF. = i° o' ) ,. ,.n: ,,
Distance = i'^54":234 5 Obs. DiiF. r: o'^6oi J ^"^^ ^^^^"^*-
Several stars in the field ; some double of the 3rd and 4th classes ; but all too faint
for measures.
Passy; November 21, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and II th magnitudes.
Position = 79° 7' «/ Is Obs. I DifF. = !<> 43' ") „ ^ , ,. _ .
Distance= I' 56".367 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = ,".75% J Extremely difficult.
Observed when 70 minutes west of the meridian.
Jt
Passy ; October 8, 1825 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 1th, or 12th magnitudes.
Distances 1' S3".753 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i"-^7S' Excessively difficult.
Night hazy.
Mean Result.
Position 79° 15' nf {10 Obs.); Epoch 1824.81 ;
Distance 1' 54".785 (15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.13.
No. DCCLXXX. R. A. 21^ 2- ; Decl. 19° 16' N.
Nova ;
Double ; equal ; each 9th magnitude.
Passy : August 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = C7<* 14' nf or sp I 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = 4° 21' 7 -n-a: ^^
Distance = 3'\4»9 Is Obs. DifF. = ^".360 j ^^^<^"1*-
Night very hazy, and stars unsteady.
Passy ; September 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of the Qth magnitude.
Position = 59° 8' nf or sp
Distance = 2". 748
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
S-ff- = '^3' 1 Very difficult.
DifF. = 0.312) ^
Night hazy ; stars unsteady, and bear but a very feeble illumination.
and positions of 4*58 double and triple stars ^ &c, 277
^^ No. DCCLXXX. continued.
.^_j irr . .
Passy ; September 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9| magnitudes.
Position = 580 39' nf\ 5 Obs. 1 Diff. = 2» 34' ] Very difficult.
Distance = 2".6$^ \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".505 > ^
Stars very steady, but neither of them will bear a good illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 58° 20' nfoY sp (i 5 Obs.) ; Distance q".9S3 (i5 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.67.
No. DCCLXXXI. R. A. 21'' 4"" ; Decl. 6° 28' N.
19 (Bode) Equulei ; Struve, 712.
Double ; 6^ and 7th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; July 13, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 82° 44' MO 5 Obs. I DifF. = o° 21' ^ n,.- r„^«._
Distance = 3' 4"^3o 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".389 i Satisfactory.
Observed by morning twilight, without artificial illumination.
Passy ; October 23, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6| and 7 th magnitudes.
Position zzSf iz' np\ s Obs. I Diff. = 0° 25' )
Distance = 3'2".8o9 | 5 Obs. j Diff. = i".o82> • • • •
»
Passy ; August 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 7J magnitudes.
Distance == 3' 2'.783 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".4o8. Very steady.
Mean Result,
Position 82** 58' np (lo Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.77 ;
Distance 3' 3".24i (15 Obs) ; Epoch 1824.99-
278 ^^' South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCLXXXII. R. A. 21^ 6» ; Decl. 9° 17'N.
S Equulei ; Struve, 715 ; IV. S7.
Double ; 5th and 15th, or 20th magnitudes ; I have often
looked for the smalL star in England, but could never
detect it.
Passy ; October 2, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 47° 34' «/ 1 5 Obs. Diff. = i^ 45' ] Excessively difficult.
Distance = 25 .492 | 5 Obs. DifF. = 2 .452 ) '
The small star is so extremely faint, that it cannot be seen even in the unillu-
minated field, without great attention. The observations were made with 105 ; and
although the night is unusually favourable for delicate determinations, yet the
measures here given must be received with some suspicion.
Passy; October 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 15th, or 20th magnitudes.
Position = 48° i8'»/| 10 Obs. I DifF. = 4° 20' } Excessively difficult
Distance = 26". 77s I 7 Obs. | Diff. = o'.yeg J Excessively amicuit.
Observed on the meridian with 157. Night very fine ; the accuracy of the results
is perhaps questionable.
Mean Result.
Position 48° s' nf (15 Obs.); Distance 26''.240 (12 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.26.
This star appears to have sustained a very extraordinary
change both in distance and position. Sir W. Herschel's
measures are as follows : — 1781.80 (Oct. 22)Pos. 11° 39' nf,
Dist. 19". 533- Thus in 43.46 years no less an arc than
— 36° 24' has been described, being at the rate of — 0^.838
per annum, and a change of distance to the amount of -[- Gf'.yoj,
or + o".i54 per annum.
An observation in a 20-feet sweep in 1785 confirms the
fact of the angle made by the two stars being then small.
"^Equulei, double, very unequal, a few degrees nf. S.r."
and positions of 4t5^ double and triple stars , &c. 279
No. DCCLXXXII. continued.
The star is a remarkable one ; and from its magnitude and
situation in the heavens, not to be confounded with any other.
The proper motions assigned to this star in Piazzi's Cata-
logue, account satisfactorily for the change observed. They
are respectively + o".o8 in R. A. and — 0^.29 in declination.
These motions, in 44 years, would carry the large star 3". 5
to the following, and 12". 8 to the south side of its place in
1781, or, in a direction, making an angle of 74° 5/ with the
parallel. Supposing then the small star fixed, the present
angle of position and distance should be 47** nf and 22". 5
instead of 48° s' and 26''.24 which observation makes them.
If we consider the uncertainty which necessarily hangs about
the earlier distance, depending as it does on a single mea-
sure, and from the extreme minuteness of the small star,
liable easily to an error of 2 or 3", it will be allowed that a
more satisfactory verification of the proper motion of the
one star, and the comparative fixity of the other, could
hardly have been looked for. This, among other similar
instances, will serve to show the advantage which may be
taken of the measures of double stars in all researches
relating to the proper motions of the stars. This star appears
to be a fit object for the investigation of parallax, (H.) .
No. DCCLXXXIII. R. A. 21^ 7" ; Decl. 8° 23' S.
Struve, 716 ; Hist. Gael. 197.
Double ; 9th and 9 J magnitudes.
Passy ; September 23, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Distance = 5".i67 | 5 Obs. j Diff. = ©".889. Extremely difficult.
These stars scarcely bear any illumination.
280 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. D CCLXXXIII. continued.
Passy ; November 21, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9\ and 10th magnitudes.
- -. J B . ??n'^^" == 'f.V '^ 5 ?t' I n-^' " '° r' \ Extremely difficult.
-vjjii-^ d 1 Distance = 4". 8o I 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".Siy) ^
Observed when 50 minutes west of the meridian ; the stars become invisible under
a very slight illumination.
Passy ; September 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9^ and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 820 6' sf
Distance = 4".'^4-2
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Ei^: = ^°.;';;}verystea.,.
These stars bear neither illumination, nor magnifying power ; and although the
night is very fine, the results are a little suspicious.
.mDriM>- > Mean Result.
V Position 82° 22' sf (10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.28 ;
Distance 4".837 ; (15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.10.
No. DCCLXXXIV. R. A. 2i»> ii'" ; Dec!. 8' 48' N.
;i}o(T! 'ijqo'KT -Nova^j^^friiyy yjojosr
Double ; 9th and 10th, or 11th magnitudes. ,j,
iiili.i; Passy ; September 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 84° so' ^P I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 20' 7 Excessively difficult.
Distance =: 2". 394 | 5 Obs. | Dirt, zi o".24o 3 '
Stars steady, but the small one bears only the most feeble illumination.
Passy ; October 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 84° I3'«;) I 5 Obs. Diff. = 2° c^ ) „
Distance = 2".85i | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".i6%]^^^'^^'
Position = 85° 35' .;, 5 Obs. I Diff = 2° 50' ) ^ BEAUFoax
Distance = 2".890 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".24o5 ^^^^' ^^^^FoaT.
Observations considered excessively difficult, by both observers.
Mean Result.
Position 84° 53' sp (15 Obs.); Distance 2".642 (15 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.74.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, &c. 281
No. DCCLXXXV. R. A. 2i»» 13' ; Decl. 52° 15' N.
Struve, 718.
Double ; equal ; each of the 9th magnitude.
Blackman-Street ; July 10, 1824; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position =r zf zi'sf or nj> I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 3^ 30' J Rather difficult.
Distance = 6 '.8 18 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o .885 5
The star i| hour east of the meridian, when the observations of it were procured.
Passy ; August 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each 9^ magnitude.
Position = 25°43'*/ornp I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 10') r>;fl;/.„u
Distance = sl^l] I 5 Obs. | Diff. = d'.j^.s ] ^^^^1*'
The measures of this double star would be very easy, but for the unfortunate
interference of the observatory timbers.
Mean Result.
Position 36° 33' s for np; Distance 6". 641 ; Epoch 1825.08.
No. DCCLXXXVI. R. A. si** 13° ; Decl. 52° 19' N.
327 (Bode) Cygni ; H. C. 301 ; Struve, 717.
Double ; 7th and 1 ith magnitudes.
Blackman-Street ; July 10, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 32° 8' »/)
Distance = 49". 5 80
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff.
Diff,
' _ „ 2"^ > Extremely difficult.
The small star is decidedly blue, and bears but the slightest illumination.
Observed when if hour east of the meridian.
Passy ; September 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th magnitudes.
Position =32** 36' «j?
Distance = 48".! II
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
n-ff='° ^'11 Very difficult.
Diff. = o .505 ) '
Stars remarkably steady ; observations satisfiictory.
Passy ; September 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th, or 12th magnitudes.
Distance = 48".526 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = ©".793. Extremely difficult.
Mean Result,
Position 32? 22' np (lo Obs.); Epoch 1824.61 ;
Distance 48".739 (i5 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.97.
MDCCCXXVI. 0 0
282 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCLXXXVII. R. A. 2i»^ 14™ ; Decl. 19^ 3' N.
1 Pegasi ; Struve, 719 ; V. 20.
Double ; 5th and 9th magnitudes ; small, blue, and bears a
very tolerable illumination.
Passy ; September 17, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 38° 52' w j» 1 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = 2° 54' \
Distance = 37".55o j 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".84i > * ' ' * .
Passy ; November 9, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 10th magnitudes.
Night very unfavourable.
Passy ; August 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 11th, or 12th magnitudes.
Position =400 40' no I c Obs, I DifF. = \^ %' \ -o • i j-n: i^
Distance = l6".837 | 5 Obs. \ DifF. = ,".010} E^<^essively difficult.
Passy; September 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 1 1 th magnitudes.
Position = 40" 58' no .5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 50' ) tj . , ,.«. ,^
Distance = ]6".99i 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".i43 f ^^^""^^^y ^^^^"^*-
Night cloudless ; but the stars are ill defined, and are extremely unsteady.
Mean Result.
Position 40° ii' np (20 Obs.) ; Distance 36".86i (20 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.22.
In 1781 the position was 38° 19' np ; the distance 4o".75o
" pretty exact." The distance is too large to be fully relied
on ; but the agreement of positions within 2° shows that the
star has undergone no notable change. ( H. )
and positions 0/4*58 double and triple stars, Gfr. 283
No. DCCLXXXVIII. R. A. 21^ 14' ; Decl. 7° 20' S.
Struve, 720; Hist. Csel. 197.
Double ; 7th and 7|- magnitudes.
Passy; September 23, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 6° 42' nf
Distance = ^^".$7^
5 Obs.
S Obs.
DifF. = o" 30' I
DifF. =o".769>
Passy ; November 6, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and 9th magnitudes.
Position =6° 19' nf
5 Obs.
DifF. =: .• ,6' J pyB^„,^_
Distance = 36".99i 5 Obs. DiiF. = i".8o3 j
Stars faint. Night very foggy.
Mean Result.
Position 6** 30' w/; Distance 36". 784; Epoch 1824.78.
No. DCCLXXXIX. R. A. 2i»» 18-; Decl. 12° 56* N.
Nova ;
Double ; 8th and 10th ipagnitudes; small star is pale blue,
and bears scarcely any illumination.
Passy ; August 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 55« 42' i>p 5 Obs. Diff. = 4° 10' ) ^ . , ,.-. .
Distance = 3".43i 6 Ols. DifF. = o".6oi } Excessively difficult.
Observed on the meridian.
Passy; September 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Sth and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 57° 16' sp \ 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° o' > ^ • 1 j-a 1.
Distance = 3".539 I 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".i2o J Excessively difficult.
The small star is light blue, and bears hardly any illumination. Night tolerably
favourable.
Mean Result.
Position s^ 29' sp ( 10 Obs.) ; Distance 3".48o (11 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.67.
284 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXC. R. A. 21^ 18"; Decl. 35° 33' N.
69 Cygni ; Struve, 722 ; V. 44.
Double ; 6th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; October 2, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 1 1° 40' *;) cObs. DifF. = o° ^z'rl _ ., , ,._. .
Distance =:4o".504 ? Obs. DifF. = i".899 J ^^""^^^^^ ^^^^^^^'
Night very favourable.
Passy ; November 21, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 12th, or 15th magnitudes.
Position = 11° 57' «p I 5 Obs. j DifF. = 1° 44'. Excessively difficult.
Observations of distance cannot be procured.
.,.. Passy ; October 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8 th and 12th, or 13th magnitudes.
Position = 10° 30' $p I 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = 1° 5' i _. • , .•«• 1.
Distance = 4o".io7 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".889i Excessively difficult.
Observed on the meridian with 157. Night fine.
Mean Result,
Position 11** 22' sp (15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.14 ;
Distance 4o".so5 (10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.27.
Sir W. Herschel gives no measures of this star. (H.)
No. DCCXCI. R. A. 21^ 20" ; Decl. 10° 19' N.
Nova ;
i[rr.mih vi9^<^^^^^ ' ^T ^^^ 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; August 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 67° 6' no I c Obs. I DifF. = 2^42' ") ^j . , ,.«- ,^
Distances i".46o± | i Obs. j 1_ | Excessively difficult.
Observed with 327, which is not sufficient to separate the stars sufficiently from
each other. Night is suddenly become very bad, and these measures must only be
regarded as approximations.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, &c. 28%
No. DCCXCI. continued.
Passy ; September 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet EqiiatoriAl.
8j and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 6f 4' ./ 5 Obs. I DifF. = 3° 28' | Excessively difficult
Distance = i". 142 ± 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".240 > excessively mmcuit.
These stars are of a bluish colour, and neither bear a good illumination, nor a
high magnifying power. Observed with 327, which is more than they well bear :
1 8 1 does not separate their discs, although the night is hazy. The results are
probably a little suspicious.
Mean Result.
Position 68° 5' np or 5/(10 Obs.) ; Distance i".i95 ± (6 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.68.
No. DCCXCII. R. A. 21^ 24" ; Decl. 33° 2' N.
Nova ;
Double ; equal ; each of the 9- magnitude.
Passy ; August 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 79° 21' «o or «/' 6 Obs. Diff. = i° 15' ) „ ^ , ,.^ ,
Distance = 4".474 5 Obs. Diff. = o".432i ^^*''^"'^^y ^^®^^^*'
Stars steady ; night tolerably favourable.
Passy ; September 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 10| magnitudes.
Position z= 79" 26' nf I 5 Obs.
Distance = 4". 169 j 5 Obs.
Diff! = o".4S6 } ^^^^^^^^y difficult.
Observed on the meridian j night very hazy.
,: ; Mean ResultaAiji^ •.
Position 79° 23'^/ or nf {11 Obs.) ; Distance 4". 321 (lo Obs.)
Epoch 1825.65.
No. DCCXCIII. R. A. 2i»» 25°^ ; Decl. 19° 56' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Passy; August 21, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 40° S7' np\ S Obs. | Diff. = 2° 14'. Very difficult.
Observed on the meridian.
386 Mr, South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXCIII. continued.
Passy ; September 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9| magnitudes.
Position = 41° 48' np I c Obs. I DifF. z= i® 20' ^ ,, ,.«: ,^
Distance = l".S79 I S Obs. | DifF. = o". 120 \ ^^^ ^^^^"^'-
• ifi^d I Night hazy ; stars on the meridian, but unsteady.
Passy ; October 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9J magnitudes.
;( Position = 42" 14' «p I c Obs. | DifF. = 2° 2' ) ,, . , ..^ .
Distance = z\s^^ I 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".i68 j Excessively difficult.
Both stars are bluish, and bear scarcely any illumination. Night foggy.
Mean Result.
Position 41° 40' np {is Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.70 ;
Distance s". 580 (10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.73.
No. DCCXCIV. R. A. 21^ 31™ ; Decl. 35° 35' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 12th, or 15th magnitudes.
Passy ; September 2, 1825 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
Position = 71° 51' sf\ c Obs. I DifF. = 3° 15' ) r, • , j-n: 1
Distance = %",i\g | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".673 J Excessively difficult.
The small star is so extremely faint, that it cannot be seen without great atten-
tion ; the observations are perhaps a little inaccurate ; but the ^ight is very fine,
and the stars are very steady.
Position = 72® 15' «/| 5 Obs.
Distance =: 8". 206 | 5 Obs.
Passy ; September 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9\ and 12th, or 1 3th magnitudes.
Diff! = i".683 \ Excessively difficult.
The small star is only visible by glimpses. Results of suspicious accuracy.
Mean Result.
Position 72° s' sf; Distance 8^172 ; Epoch 1825.68.
and positions of ^^S double and triple stars, &c. 287
No. DCCXCV. R. A. 2i»» ss"" ; Decl. 56° 41' N.
Struve, 728 ; P. XXI. 248 ; III. 71.
Triple ; A 7th, B 9t, and C of the 9th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; October 4, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 32° 12' sf\ 5 Obs. I DifF. z= 1' 25' )
Distance= i2".22i j 5 Obs. j Diff. = o".i68 5 • • • •
Passy; November 16, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 30° 54' sf I 5 Obs.
Distance = i i'.bg^ \ 5 Obs.
Diff. = 1° 24' ) ^._ ,^
Diff. =o".889l^'®^"^*-
Measures of A C.
Passy ; October 4, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 68° 35' np 1 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 20' )
Distance = i9".233 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".o58 j • • • •
Passy; November 16, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 69° 32' «;> I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 48' )
Distance = 19".543 { 5 Obs. J Diff. = i ".05 8 J • • • •
Mean Result.
of A. B. Position 31° 33' sf; Distance ii".945;
of AC. Position 69° 3^ np; Distance 19". 3 88 ;
Epoch 1824.81.
These measures compared with those of 1783 give a
change of — 3° 51' in angle and +o".3 in distance for the
nearer star B, and — 4° 54' and -f o".77 for the more distant
one C. If these changes arise from real motions, and be not
merely errors of observation, they cannot be accounted for
by supposing the stars B and C at rest, and the central star
A only in motion. { H. )
288 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXCVI. R. A. 9,1^ 34" ; Decl. 39° 59' N.
76 Cygni ; Struve, 730 ; V. 43.
Double; 6th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; September 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =: 40° 59' sp I 5 Obs.
Distances: i' $".6z^ J 5 Obs.
Diff. = 1° o' ) T^.^ ,^
Small star very faint.
Passy; November 21, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Position 5= 40° 45' sp
Distance= 1' 5".667
i^llz': "'J Very difficult.
5 Obs.
5 Obs. DifF. = o".745 J'
The small star bears but a very slight illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 40° ^2* sp; Distance 1' 5". 645 ; Epoch 1824.82.
Sir W. Herschel has no measures of this star. (H.)
i;i :,ii;/i. tij:,'; J n.i; i'
No. DCCXCVH;^'';^ | ^-AJ^i'^'SS^'r^ecl. bgT 46' N.
Struve, 729 ; P. XXI. 256 ; III. 72.
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes.
Passy; October 4, 1 824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 33® I'ra/I 5 Obs.
Distance = 12". 154 j 5 Obs.
DifF. = 2° 20' ) j^.ff, .
Diff. = o".4o8l^^^^^^*-
Passy; November 16, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 34° 9' »/I 5 Obs. | Diff. = 1® 43'. Excessively difEcult.
Night very hazy.
Passy; October 11,1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
lOth and 11th magnitudes.
Distances I2".i47 j 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".6-]i. Extremely difficult,
The small star very indistinct. Night foggy.
Mean Result.
Position 33° 35' nf {10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.81 ;
Distance 12^.150 (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.37.
The angle in 1783 was 31** 35'. The distance 13". li ac-
cording to Sir W. Herschel's measures. (H.)
and positions of 4fS^ double and triple stars, &c. 289
No. DCCXCVIII. R. A. 2i»» 35"^ ; Decl. 9* 3' N.
E Pegasi ; Struve, 731 ; VI. 103.
Double ; 3rd and 10th, or lath magnitudes ; small, blue.
Blackman-street ; July 15, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatoiial.
Position = 52° 41' WJ9 | 5 Obs. | DifF. =z 1" 14. Excessively difficult.
Passy; November 6, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
3rd and 10th magnitudes.
Position = c^° o' no c Obs. I DifF. = 0° 44' ) ,, ^ , ,.«- ,^
Distance = I' i8'.8o5 5 Obs. | DifF. = 2".404 1 Extremely difficult.
Passy; October 12, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
3rd and 10th magnitudes.
, Position = 53° 15' np 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 12' ) ,^ a-o: 1.
Disfance= 2' i8".223 5 Obs. \ DifF. = o".962 J ^^"^ difficult.
Observed on the meridian with 157. Night very fine.
Mean Result.
Position 52° 59' np(i5 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.05 ;
Distance 2' i8".5i4 (10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.31.
Comparing the angle of position here assigned with that
given by Sir W. Herschel in 1783, we find a difference of
only 14'. The distances indeed differ enormously, no less
than 47", but this has already been sufficiently spoken of
elsewhere. (H. )
No. DCCXCIX. R. A. 21^^ 36'^ ; Decl. 37° 29' N.
79 Cygni ; Struve, 732 ; VI. 57.
Double ; 5th and 7th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; July 10, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 3o«' 36' nf\ 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 24' )
Distance = 2' 33".o25 | 5 Obs. J DifF. = i ".579 5 • • • .
North preceding the brighter star A, and perhaps a little nearer to it than B, is a
starCofthe 12th or 15 th magnitudes : and in the lower part of the field is a doubl«
star of the 4th class j equal ; each of the same magnitude as the star C.
Position = 30° ± sp or nf, and distance = 4o".o ±.
Measures little else than cautious estimations.
MDCCCXXVf. pp
290 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCXCIX. continued.
Passy ; November 9, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 7tli magnitudes.
Position = 30° 42' nf\ 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 5' \ „
Distance = 2' 33".325 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".6isi ^'
Observed when i"* 20' west of the meridian; night unfavourable; no measures of
A C can be obtained.
Measures of A C.
Blackman-street ; July 10, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
5 th and 12th, or 15th magnitudes.
Position = 50° S' np [2 Obs. [ DifF. = 0° 45'. Excessively difficult.
The extreme faintness of the small star renders observations of distance impracti-
, cable ; but I consider it less than that of A B.
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 30° 39' nf; Distance 2' 33*. 170 ;
Epoch 1824.68.
of A C. Position 50° 8' np\ Distance about 2^ minutes ;
Epoch 1824.53.
Sir W. Herschel has no measures of this star. (H.)
No. DCCC. R. A. 21^^ 49™ ; Decl. 6i*» 45' N.
Struve, 734; 1789. 213.
Triple ; A 6^, B 7th, and C of the 12th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Blackman-street ; July 11, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position =5 5° 4'*/
Distance = i' 2".826
Diff. = 0° 59' Kr .J
Diff. = o".659p^'*y steady.
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Three hours and a half east of the meridian, at the time of observation ; of A C no
measures can be obtained.
Note ; There are two sets of triple stars in the field ; the stars here measured are
the two brightest.
Passy ; November 16, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Triple ; but the 3rd star will not bear the least illumination.
Position = 55° 39' */
Distance = i' 2". 847
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = 0° 46'
Diff.
.=o%6' I
■. =o".8i7 5
Mean Result.
of AB. Position 55° 21' j/; Distance i'2".836; Epoch 1824.70.
and positions 0/458 double and triple stars ^ C^c. 291
No. DCCCI. R. A. 2i«^ 52-" ; Decl. 12° 51' S.
Struve, 737; Hist. Casl. 571.
Double ; 9th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; September 27, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 29° 6' sfl c Obs. I DifF. = o«> 35' 7 ,, ..«. ,,
Distance = 25".8io | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".i7S j ^«^y difficult.
These stars bear but the most feeble illumination. Night tolerably good.
Passy; November 9, 1824; Seven- feet Equatorial.
9^ and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 310 2' */ 1 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 31' > „ ,.«. ,^
Distance= 2o".096 | 5 Obs. | DiflF. = o'Jiy J ^^''^ difficult.
Mean Result.
Position so® 4' sf; Distance 2o''.453 ; Epoch 1824.79.
No. DCCCII. R. A. Qi^ 53" ; Decl. 17'' 49' S.
29 Aquarii ; Struve, 738.
Double ; 8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; July 12,1824: Five-feet Elquatorial.
Position = 27° 23' sp | 5 Obs. I DiflF. := i** 30' )
Distance = 4".3 1 7 | 5 Obs. ) Diff. =o".3i6 ) • * • .
Passy : November 3, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7^ and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 25» 53' sp 5 Obs. Diff. = 2° 21' 7 y unsteady
Distance = 4^424 5 Obs. DifF. = o".889 S^^^ unsteady.
Observed when 50 minutes west of the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 26*^38' sp ; Distance 4".370 ; Epoch 1824.68.
292 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCCIII. R. A. 21^ 57" ; Decl. 12° 48' N.
Nova ;
Double ; equal ; each 9th magnitude.
Passy ; August 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 35' ) o ^, ,.-c 1^
S Obs. I DifF. = o".4o8i ^^^^^' ^^^'"^^-
Position = 6° 24' spot nf
Distance =: 3 ".244
Stars steady ; night tolerably favourable.
Passy ; September 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each of the 9i magnitude.
Position = 7** 55' «;? or «/
Distance = 3*.332
5 Obs. 1 DifF. = 2° 9' > ,, ..n; u
5 Obs. I DifF. = o".4b8 J Very difficult.
Night hazy j stars at times very faint.
Mean Result.
Position l"" ^ sp or nf ; Distance 3".288 ; Epoch 1825.65.
No. DCCCIV. R. A. 221^ o» ; Decl. 69"" 20' N.
Struve, 740; 1789- 218.
Double ; y\ and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; October 4, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 83° 50' */ 1 5 Obs. j DifF. = o° 48' Extremely difficult.
The small star scarcely bears any illumination.
Passy ; October 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 83° 36' sf 5 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 55' \ Extremely difficult.
Distance = i6".434 5 Obs. | DifF. = o .4565 •'
Observed with 157. Night favourable.
Passy ; October 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 11th magnitudes.
Distance = i6".778 ( 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".553. Excessively difficult.
Neither star will bear a good illumination. Observed with 157.
Mean Result.
Position 83° 4s'5^(i5 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.27 ;
Distance i6".6o6 (10 Obs. J ; Epoch 1825.78.
and positions oj ^sS double and triple stars, &c, 293
No. DCCCV. R. A. 22^ o™ ; Decl. 36' 45' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 8^ and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; September 17, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 23® 43' nf \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = 4^ o'. Very difficult.
The small star bears but a very feeble illumination.
Passy ; September 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th, or 1 5th magnitudes.
Position = 22° s'nf I 5 OJs. Diff. = i° 57' } Extremely difficult.
Distance = 13' .097 j 5 Obs. Diff.= 0.505) ■'
Passy ; November 3, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 Ith magnitudes.
Position = 22" 13' nj"
Distance = i2*.349
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Passy ; September 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 22° 39'"/ 1 5 Obs. Diff. = 1- 44' 7 Extremely difficult.
Distance ;= 1 2 .877 | 5 Obs. Diff. = 1.178) •'
Mean Result.
Position 22° 40' w/(2o Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.00;
Distance 12".774 (15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.09.
No. DCCCVI. R. A. 22'^ 4^" ; Decl. 81° 58' N.
180 (Bode) Cephei ; Struve, 743.
Double ; 7|- and 8th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; July 13, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 12° 36' n/"
Distances: I3".c63
Eiffiif'jr?!^^'-"'^'"-
f^Obs.
5 Obs.
The morning is so far advanced, that artificial illumination of the micrometer wires
is unnecessary. Stars steady.
Passy ; October 23, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 7^ magnitudes.
Position = 11° 26' nf
Distance = i4".o7i
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff = 1^539} ^"*^^"^'"^^^"-
294 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCCVI. continued.
Passy; September 10^ 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7i and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 12° 21' nf c Obs. I DifF. = i° ig' \ ^ . r ^
Distance = . 3".s68 J Obs. | DifF. = d'.eig \ Satisfactory.
Night hazy j but the stars are steady.
Mean Result.
Position i2» 8' nf ( 15 Obs. ) ; Distance 13".567 (15 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.02.
No. D CCCVII. R. A. 22I' 6" ; Decl. 28° 41' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Passy ; September 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 19° 37' 5/1 6 Obs.
Distance = 2".o4i | 5 Obs.
DifF. = 3° 50'
DifF. = o''.240
J Very
difficult.
Observed with 327, a power just sufficient to separate distinctly the two stars
from each other ; but it is unfortunately rather a higher power than the stars
yftW bear, although they are very steady, are on the meridian, and the night is
favourable.
Passy ; September 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Position = 22° 43' sf
Distance = i".7i9
Diff.= i" 12'
i" 12 j
: _ „ * > Extremely difficult.
DifF. = o".3i2J
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
I attempted to observe this double star with 181, but could not succeed; the
measures were procured with 327, which is a power greater than the stars well
bear. The stars are unsteady, and the night is hazy.
Passy ; September 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9f magnitudes.
Position = 21045;*/ I 5 Obs. I Diff. = 3^ 16' \ Excessively difficult.
Distance = i .508 j 3 Obs. | DifF. = 0.288 5 ^
The haze is become so considerable, that the stars are no longer visible.
Mean Result.
Position 21° 15' 5/ (16 Obs.); Distance i".794 (i3 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.70.
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, &c, 295
No. DCCCVIII. R. A. 22'' 16" ; Decl. 21° ^ S.
Nova ;
Double; 8th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; October 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 6J> 35^/1 10 Obs. I Diff. = 4° 10' J Excessively difficult.
Distance = o .457 | 5 Obs. [ Difr. = o".288 ) ^
Observed when i| hour west of the meridian ; stars unsteady, night hazy ; the results
must be received with caution ; the small star was only visible by glimpses.
Unfavourable v^eather has prevented me getting more ob-
servations of this double star, although I have endeavoured
to observe it every tolerable night, during several weeks.
Mean Result.
Position 64° 35' ^/(lo Obs.) ; Distance 6".457 (5 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.80.
No. DCCCIX. R. A. 22^ 24" ; Decl. 6' 31* N.
Nova;
Double ; equal; each of the 10th magnitude.
Passy ; September 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 79° 55' np or sf\s Obs. DifF. = o° 38' ) Ex„„:„.,„ difficult
Distance = I2".777 | 5 Obs. DifF. = i".i3o ] ^^""^^"X a»ftcult.
Both stars bluish, and bear scarcely any illumination..
Passy; October 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal; each of the 11th magnitude.
Position = 79° 28' np or sf\s Obs. I DifF. = 20 44' ) Excessively difficult
Distance = 1 3".oi8 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".432 J Excessively mmcult.
observations deserving but very little confidence; the night is very hazy, and the stars
cannot be seen without the greatest attention.
Mean Result.
Position 79° 41' np or 5/(10 Obs.) ; Distance 12".897 (10 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.74.
296 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCCX. R. A. 22^ 25"^ ; Decl. 3° 19' N.
Struve, 756; Hist. Gael. 108.
Double; 8j and 10th magnitudes; the small star is blue,
and bears a very tolerable illumiination.
Passy ; October 2, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
55-=°>5; i Not difficult.
Position =55° 27' sf\ 5 Obs
Distance = i4".3ii | 5 Obs. DifF.=o".769}
Observed on the meridian
Passy; November 21, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 55° 44' sf I 5 Obs.
Distance = I3".8i3 | 5 Obs.
K-J ~ 5° ^^ \ Excessively difficult.
DiiF. = I .010 3 ^
Night unfavourable.
Mean Result.
Position S6^ 35' 5/; Distance i4".o62 ; Epoch 1824.82.
No. DCCCXI. R. A. 22»^ 29" ; Decl. 37° 57' N.
Struve, 758.
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes ; and bear but a slight
illumination.
Passy ; October 2, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Obs. I DifF. = 0° 47' ) ,. ..fl. 1^
Obs. |Diff. = o".986Jv^^^^^^^^*•
Passy ; November 24, 1824 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
lOth and II th magnitudes.
Position = 68° 27' np \ 3 Obs. ] DifF. zz i** 10'. Excessively difficult.
The night is become so abominably bad, no more observations can be gotten.
Passy; September 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
. -p 91 and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 67° 6' np
Distance = 2o".937
Stars tolerably steady ; but the night is so extremely hazy, that neither of them will
scarcely bear any illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 67° 26' np (13 Obs.); Epoch 1825.11 ;
Distance 2i*.i75 (10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.22.
Position = 67° g' np
Distance = 21 ".41 3
5 2J^' I 55* = ^° ^'^' \ Extremely difficult.
5 Obs. I DifF. = o .505 S ^
and positions 0/4)58 double and triple stars, ^c. 297
No. DCCCXII. R. A. Qsi* 30- ; Decl. is"" 28' S.
Struve, 759; Hist. Casl. 181.
Double ; 9- and 10th magnitudes, and bear only a very
slight illumination.
Passy ; September 27, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Distance = 6". 547 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".o82. Extremely difficult.
Passy; November 21, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9^ and 10th magnitudes.
Position =: 56° ^ np I 5 Obs.
Distance = S'-ISZ I 5 Obs.
Diff! = 1" 082 [ ^^ceedingly difficult.
Stars very steady. Night tolerably fine.
Passy; September 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
d\ and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 57O 28' «/
Distance = 5".732
5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 23' > ^ ^ , ,.^ ,^
c Obs. DifF. = o".8ii ( Extremely difficult.
5 Obs. I DifF. = o".84i 5
These stars are of a bluish colour, and neither bear illumination nor magnifying
power.
Mean Result.
Position S6° 46' .?/or np ( 10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.29 ;
Distance 6".oii (15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.11.
No. DCCCXIIl. R. A. 22^ SI'" ; Decl. 38° 7"N.
10 Lacertae ; Struve, 760 ; V. 97.
Double ; 6th and 12th magnitudes ; the small star scarcely
bears any illumination.
Passy ; October 7, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 41° 20' nf\ c Obs. \ DifF. = 2° 45' ) ^ , , ,.^ ,
Distance = i' o".6u | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o'-.g^j \ Extremely difficult.
Passy ; December 6, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial,
6'th and 12th magnitudes.
Position s= 42* 34' nf \ 2 Obs. | Diff. =: 0° 7'. Excessively difficult.
The night is at present fine, but the small star will not bear even the slightest
illumination. No measures of distance can be procured.
MDCCCxxvi. q q
298 Mr. South* s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCCXIII. continued.
Passy ; October 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 13th or 14th magnitudes.
Position =40° 48' nf 5 Obs. Diff.= 2° 29' ) ^^^^^^^^^^ difficult.
Distance=i o .277 5 Obs. DifF. = o .001 ) '
Observed on the meridian with 157 ; night very fine.
Mean Result.
Position 41° 19' nf{i2, Obs.); Epoch 1825.16 ;
Distance 1' o".444 (10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.27.
The present ^ngle differs only 2° 34' from that found in
1783. (H.)
No. DCCCXIV. R. A. 22^ ss"* ; Decl. 29° 7' N.
Nova;
Double ; equal ; each 10th magnitude.
Passy ; September 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 9° ps'np or */| 5 Obs. I DiiF. = 1° 24' ) Excessivelv difficult
Distance = i8".425 | 5 Obs. J DifF. = o".769 J excessively dimcult.
Stars steady, and on the meridian ; but the results may be a little suspected.
Passy ; October 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
1 Ith and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 9° 52' np c Obs, 1 DifF. = 1° 31' 7 ^ • 1 j-a; u
Distance = ?8".62o^ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".529 j Excessively difficult.
Night so hazy, and the stars so very indistinct, that great confidence must not be
placed in the accuracy of the observations.
Mean Result.
Position 9° 42' np or sf {10 Obs.) ; Distance i8".522 ;
Epoch 1825.72.
and positions of 4)^8 double and triple stars, &c, 299
No. DCCCXV. R. A. qq^ 33- ; Decl. 39° ifN.
12 Lacertse; Struve, 761; VI. 121.
Double ; 6th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; October 7, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 73° 55' nf\ 5 Obs. j DifF. = 1° 20' ) ^ . , .-a. ,,
Distance = i' i2".zs7 \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".6ss\ Excessively difficult.
The small star will scarcely bear any illumination. Night fine.
Passy ; October 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 13th, or 14th magnitudes.
Position = 73° z'nf \ s Obs. I DifF. = 1° 0' ) _. .,,.«.,
Distance = i' ii".890 | 5 Obs. | DifF. =0". 793 j ^^*^"^^^^ly^^<^"l^-
Observed with 157. Night very fine.
Mean Result.
Position 7S° 28' nf (10 Obs.) ; Distance 1' 12^.073 (10 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.27.
The angle of 1783 agrees with this within half a degree. (H.)
No. DCCCXVI. R. A. 22«^ 35"^ ; Decl. 29° 17'N.
V Pegasi ; Struve, 763 ; VI. 21.
Double ; 3rd or 4th, and i2tli magnitudes.
Passy; October 7, 1824 ; Seven- feet Equatorial.
Position = 68° ^B'np] c Obs. 1 Difi^. = o° 14' ) ^ , ..^
Distance = i' 29".38i | 5 Obs. J Diff. = i".S395 ^^*^^"^^v difficult
Observed on the meridian.
Passy; December 6, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
4th and 12th, or 15th magnitudes.
Position = 690 4' np I 5 Obs. I Diff. = i«> 12' ) ^ . , ,.^
Distance = i' 3o".266 | 5 Obs. j Diff. = i".683 J Excesssively difficult.
The small star scarcely bears the slightest illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 68** 56^ np; Distance 1' 29".823 ; Epoch 1824.85.
Sir W. Herschel gives no measures of this star. (H.)
30 0 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCCXVII. R. A. 22>» 38™ ; Decl. 15° o' S.
t' Aquarii ; Struve, 765 ; V. 80.
Double ; 6th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; October 7, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 23° zf sf
Distance = 30". 838
c Obs. DifF. = 1° 41' ) „ . , ,.<£ u
5 Obs. DifF. = o".86s ] Excessively difficult.
The night is remarkably fine. Observations made on the meridian.
Passy ; November 21, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and l2th magnitudes.
Position = 2i*> 36' 5/1 5 Obs. | Diff. = 1° 20'. Excessively difficult.
Measures of distance I cannot obtain, yet the night is fine, and the stars are only
15 minutes west of the meridian.
Passy ; October 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 13th, or 14th magnitudes.
Position = zf .8' »/ 5 Obs. j Diff. = z' p' 1 Excessively difficult.
Distance = 30 .235 \ 5 Obs. j Diir. = o .697 3 •'
Observed on the meridian with 157 ; with 181 I cannot see the small star.
• Mean Result.
Position 22*' 47' sf (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.15 ;
Distance 3o".536 (loObs. ) ; Epoch 1825.27.
The measures of 1783 are. Position 19° 54' sf; Distance
35".62. The difference of Position 2° 53' is not material, con-
sidering the difficulty of the star ; but a diminution of distance
to the extent of 5".i deserves notice, because the microme-
trical error of the earlier observations would tend to produce
an apparent increase. (H.)
and positions of 4}5S double and triple stars, &c. 301
No. DCCCXVIII. R. A. 22^^ 40°^ ; Decl. 14° 33' S.
T* Aquarii ; Struve, 767 ; VI. 97.
Double ; 5th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy; September 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =: 22° 20' np | 5 Obs. | DifF. =: i°4'. Excessively difficult.
Passy; November 21, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 22*^ 28' np \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = 1° 13'. Excessively difficult.
Observations of distance impracticable ; night tolerably good.
Passy ; October 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 14th, or 15th magnitudes.
Distance = 2' 13''. 120 j 5 Obs. j Diff. = i''73i. Excessively difficult.
Observed on the meridian with 157 ; night very fine.
Passy ; October 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and i2th, or 14th magnitudes.
Distance = 2' I3".756 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = i".274. Excessively difficult.
Observed with 92, when on the meridian ; with 157 the small star could not be
distinguished.
Mean Result.
Position 22° 24' np (lo Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.81 ;
Distance 2' 13".438 (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.78.
The angle of 1783 is 18° 30' np, differing 3° 54' from the
present, which i& considerable for a star of the 6th. class. (H.)
No. DCCCXIX. R. A. 22^^ 41™ ; Decl. 30° 23' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes ; both bluish.
Passy ; September 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 19° 58' np
Distance = 3''.532
c Obs. I Diff. = 2° 52' ) ^7 . , ,.«. ,,
5 Obs. I Diff = o".288 J Excessively difficult.
Neither of these stars will bear much illumination. Observations perhaps a little
suspicious i yet the night is very fine, and the stars are steady.
302 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCGCXIX. continued.
Passy ; September 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each 10th magnitude.
Position = 2 j V np or ./ 5 Obs. I Diff. = f 50' \ Excessively difficult.
Distance = 3 .893 j 5 Obs. J DiflF. = o .336) ^
Night very hazy.
Mean Result.
Position so° 31' np or sf; Distance s".jiQ ; Epoch 1825.68.
No. DCCCXX. R. A. 22^ 42" ; Decl. 71'' 56' N.
Struve, 768; 1789. 219.
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; October 9, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 9° 24' «j9 5 Obs. j Diff. == o° 9' \
Distance = 2' o".848 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".6oi J • • • •
A star C of the nth magnitude makes an isosceles triangle with the stars A B here
measured; and it is perhaps hardly so much as twice the distance from them,
that they are from each other.
Position of A C 78*' 30' np (single Observation.)
Passy; October 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Distance = 2' o*'.942 | 5 Obs. | Diff.r: i''.i54. Very difficult.
Observed with 157 ; the small star very indistinct on account of the fog,
Passy; October 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and Sf magnitudes.
Position = 9** 21* np | 5 Obs. J Diff. = 0° 40'. ....
Mean Result.
1 Position 9° 21' np (10 Obs.); Distance 2' 0^895 (10 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.27.
and positions 0/4^58 double and triple stars, &c. SOs
No. D CCCXXL R. A. 22^ 50™ ; Decl. 26° 49' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; September 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =z 81° o' «/ 1 5 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 48' ) -d ^ , ,.«. ,
Distance = 7". 074. \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = o" 360 ] Extremely difficult.
The small star is blue, and bears only the slightest illumination. Night hazy, but
the stars are steady.
Passy; October 11, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
lOth and 12th magnitudes.
Position = 83° 22' nf\ 5 Obs. I Diff. = 3° o' ) ^ • , j-^ ,
Distance = 6".626 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".553 1 Excessively difficult.
The night so very hazy, that I have no confidence in the observations of this
double star.
Mean Result.
Position 82° 1 1' nf (10 Obs.) ; Distance 6". 850 (10 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.73.
No. DCCCXXII. R. A. 22»» 57" ; Decl. 32° 26' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Passy; September 2, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 70<> 26' sf I 5 Obs. Diff. ss 1° 5' }
Distance = 3".S32 j 5 Obs. Diff. = o".432 5 ^^^ ^^^^^X*
These stars bear a tolerable illumination. Night very fine.
Passy ; October 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
10th and 11th magnitudes.
Position = 71° 10 sf 5 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 45' 7 _. . , ,._ ,
Distance = 3".337 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".432 j Excessively difficult.
The night so foggy, that the measures are very suspicious.
Mean Result.
Position 70° 48' 5/(10 Obs.); Distance 3^434 ( lo Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.72.
304 Mr, South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCCXXIII. R. A. 23^ s*" ; Decl. 58° 21' N.
2 Cassiopeise ; Struve, 772 ; VI. 65-
Double ; 6th and 9th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; July 16, 1824; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 730 27'*/! 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = o° i6' )
Distances z' 46".397 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".885 j • • • •
Stars 1 5 hour east of the meridian, at the time of observation.
Passy; November 16, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 73° 14' sf\ 5 Obs. I Diff. =0° 43' )
Distance = 2' 4^6". g6^ \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".793 j • • • •
Mean Result.
Position 73° 20' sf\ Distance 2' 46".683 ; Epoch 1824.70.
Sir W. Herschel gives no measures of this star. (H.)
No. DCCCXXIV. R. A. 23^ 2- ; Decl. 12° 54' S.
Struve, 774; Hist. Casl. 191.
Double ; equal ; each of the 9th magnitude.
Passy ; October 7, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =: 1 3° 7' np or sf
Distance = 4".o92
5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 44' )
5 Obs. I DifF. = o".S77J
These stars bear a very tolerable illumination. Night peculiarly favourable.
Passy ; November 3, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9J magnitudes.
Position = i2« 15' «p i c Obs. DifF. = 1:° 18' ) ,. ,.«. ,^,
Distance = 4".322 "^ ] 5 Obs. DifF. = o".529 \ ^^'y ^'^^"1*'
Observed when half an hour west of the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position i2*>4i'w/> or sj; Distance 4".207; Epoch 1824.80.
and positions of 458 double and triple stars, &c. 305
No. DCCCXXV. R. A. 23^ 2- ; Decl. 35° 55' N.
Nova ;
Double ; 6-J and 7th magnitudes.
Passy ; September 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 50° 2^' np
Distance= i' 5".2i3
5 Obs. Diff. = 1° CO' ) ,, , ,
5 Obs. DifF. = o".48i 1 ^^^y '^^^^y-
Passy ; September 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 49° 34' np I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 38' ) q. .
Distance = 1' 5".449 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".505 j ^^^^^Y'
Mean Result,
Position 49° 58' np\ Distance i' 5".33i ; Epoch 1825.70.
No. DCCCXXVI. R. A. 23^ 5"" ; Decl. 9^^ 52' S.
Struve, 775 ; H. C. 191.
Triple ; A 7j, B 8th, and C of the 10th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; October 7, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
c Obs. I Diff. = 0° 32' ) TT
5 Obs. I Diff. = i".i54J Unsteady.
Position =86° 17' sf
Distance = 26''. 178
Passy ; November 15, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and Sf magnitudes.
Position = 86° 3' sf
Distance = 26".374
c Obs. Diff. = 1° 35' ) ,,
5 Obs. Diff. = o".384 ] ^^'y unsteady.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; October 7, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7^ and loth magnitudes.
Position = 19° 24' sf 2 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 12' ) ,r j-n: 1
Distance = 2'^37".853 2 Obs. | Diff. = o".9865 ^^^ difficult.
The small star is very faint, and bears but very little illumination.
MDCccxxvi. rr
3o6 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCCXXVI. continued. ^
Passy ; November 15, 1824 : Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 19° V «/ I c Obs. I DifF. = 0° ci' ) ,?■ a- a: 1.
Distance = 2*40^351 | 3 Obs. | Diff. = i".25oi ^^^ ^^^^^l*'
Night is become so bad, that no more observations can be procured.
Passy ; September 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th magnitudes.
Distance = 2' ^6".^%$ \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o''.6oi. Extremely difficult.
The small star is very obscure.
Mean Result.
of AB. Position 86° id sf; Distance 26".276 ; Epoch 1824.82.
of A C. Position 19° 10' sf(j Obs.); Epoch 1824.82 ;
Distance 2' s8".i68 (10 Obs ) ; Epoch 1825.13.
No. DCCCXXVII. R. A. 23*" 6- ; Decl. 10° 4' S,
^' Aquarii ; Struve, 776 : IV. 12.*
Double ; 5th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; October 9, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =: 40® 57' « » I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 42' ) „ * .^ 1 j-rc 1
Distance = 49".630 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".793 \ Extremely difficult.
The small star scarcely bears the least illumination.
Passy ; November 3, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5 th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =: 41° 20' no I c Obs. DifF. = 1° 32' ) „ ^ , ..^ ,^
Distance = 5o"-04i I 5 Obs. Diff. = i".iS4i Extremely difficult.
Observed when 40 minutes west of the meridian.
Mean Result,
Position 41' 8' np\ Distance 49".835 ; Epoch 1824.80.
• It seems probable, from the total disagreement of the distances, that the star
here measured cannot be identical with IV. 1 2, though the angles agree within
3° 34. The distance assigned by Sir W. Herschel is 23" 5"' ** pretty exact." (H.)
and positions 0/4,58 double and triple stars, &c. 307
No. DCCCXXVIII. R. A. sl3^ is"; Decl. S4° 29' N. •
Nova;
Double ; 10th and 12th magnitudes ; scarcely bear the least
illumination.
Passy ; September 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 87° 5' sp 5 Obs. I Diff. = 30 57' \ ^
Distance = 5".292 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".673 ] ^^^''
The measures are of such extreme difficulty, that I consider their accuracy open to
suspicion. The small star is seen but with the utmost attention.
Passy ; September 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 12th, or 14th magnitudes.
Position = 85° 22' sp I 5 Obs. Diff. = 2° 3' \ verv steadv
Distance = 4".943 | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".so5 J ^ery steaay.
The small star decidedly pale blue, and bears but the most feeble illumination :
the ob€ervations are so excessively difficult, that the results are somewhat ques-
tionable.
Mean Result.
Position 86° 13' sp ; Distance 5".ii7 ; Epoch 1825.70.
No. DCCCXXIX. R. A. 23^ 14"* ; Decl. 9° 27' S.
Struve, 778 ; P. XXIII. 69.
Double ; 7t and 8th magnitudes.
Passy ; October 9, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 4*> 28' njp I 5 Obs. I Diff.
Distance = 8". 144 j 5 Obs. | Diff.
Position = 40 28' n;? I 5 Obs. I Diff. = i" i' |
Passy ; November 3, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7i ^nd 8th magnitudes.
Position =: 3° 40' np \ 5 Obs. I Diff.= 1° 9' )
Distance =7".8i 9 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".649 j • • • •
Observed when 70 minutes west of the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 4° 4 np ; Distance 7^.981 ; Epoch 1824.80.
508 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCCXXX. R. A. 23^ 18™ ; Decl. 0° i6'N.
X Piscium ; Struve, 782 ; VI. 62.
Double ; 5th and 12th magnitudes.
Passy ; October 9, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 74° 42' np I 5 Obs. DifF. = i° 3' \ p„ce«ivelv difficult
Distance = 2' 29".548 ] 5 Obs. DifF. = 2". 1645 ^"""^"^^'^ ditticult.
The small star under a very slight illumination, becomes invisible.
Passy ; November 9, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 12th, or 13th magnitudes.
Position = 75° lo'np c Obs. I Diff. = \° xz' } -c • t j-a: i^
Distance = 2' 3o".632^ 5 Obs. | DifF. = 2".76s \ Excessively difficult.
Night not very favourable.
Mean Result.
Position 74° 56' np; Distance 2'so".090 ; Epoch 1824.82.
Sir W. Herschel gives no measures of this star. (H.)
No. DCCCXXXI. R. A. 23^ 21" ; Decl. 4° 17' N.
Struve, 783 ; Mayer.
Double ; 8th and Si- magnitudes.
Passy ; October 14, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 83° 58' sp 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 12' )
Distance = 1 1".654 5 Obs. | DifF. = 0^745 J • • • •
Passy ; November 3, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and SJ magnitudes.
Position = 84° 5' *j) ! 5 Obs. I DifF. = !<> 17' 1
Distance::: ii".709 j 5 Obs. j DifF. zz ^".2yJ^.) • • • •
Stars 37 minutes west of the meridian, at the time of observation.
Mean Result.
Position 84° 1' sp; Distance ii".68i ; Epoch 1824.81.
and positions of 45S double and triple stars, &c. 309
No. DCCCXXXII. R. A. ^s"" 23" ; Decl. 42° 50' N.
II. 94 ? or Nova ? *
Double ; 9th and 11th, or 12th magnitudes.
Passy; September 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position 1=44° 14' n/)
Distance zz 4". 374
Position = 39° 33' np
DifF. = 1° 8'
DifF. n o".553 ^South.
DifF. = 5° 2' J
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Position = 38° 55' « j) I 5 Obs. j Diff. = 5° 42'. Capt. Beaufort.
The small star is so extremely faint, that Capt. B. cannot procure any observations
of distance. Night tolerably favourable.
Passy ; September 27, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 12th magnitudes.
Position r= 44° 45' np
Distance = 4".405
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 4° 1 5' ) c
T^-ir « - /-South.
Diff. =: o .577 )
Measures which merit but little confidence ; the small star so excessively indistinct,
that Captain Beaufort cannot obtain any observations.
Mean Result.
Position 41° 52' np (20 Obs.); Distance 4".389 (10 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.74.
Sir W. Herschel's observations of this star (if II. 94) are
as follows :
1783.66, Position S4° 24' np; 1802.5, 35° 6^ np.
These compared with the present, present a great disagree-
ment. If we take the mean of the two earlier observations
we get S5° 10' np, and 1 793-1 for a mean epoch, which
compared with the measures of 1825 give an arc of 6° 42',
described in an interval of 33 years, or about + o°.203 per
annum. The data, it is true, are precarious, but the conclu-
sion is such as to render it worth while to watch this star in
future. (H.)
* This star was found by sweeping in the neighbourhood of the 784th star of
Struve's Catalogue. The star however whose place is there given, was only seen
as a single star : it is therefore very probable that the one here measured is Sir
W. Herschel's star.
310 Mr. South's observations of the apparent distances
No. DCCCXXXIII. R. A. 23^ 32™ ; Decl. 5° if N.
Struve, 785; Hist. Casl. 128.
Double ; 8th and 8j magnitudes.
Passy ; October 9, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =40° 59' raj? | 5 Obs, | Distance = 3° 58'.
Passy ; November 3, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8f magnitudes.
Position z= 41° o' rap I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 5' )
Distance = 14", 63 3 | 5 Obs. J Diff. z= o^6o r j • • • •
Passy; September 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8^ and 9tli magnitudes.
Position = 42° 44' np I 5 Obs. I DifF. = i° 32' V r):/!:-^,.
Distance = i^'.s 18 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".^Z6 ] ^^^uit.
During the observations, the small star was frequently very indistinct. Night very
hazy.
Mean Result.
Position 41° 34' np ; (15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.10 ;
Distance 14".575 ; (10 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.26.
No. DCCCXXXIV. R. A. 23^ 38- ; Decl. 27° 28' N.
Struve, 787 ; IV. 107.
Double ; 6th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; October 14, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 53°5o'ra/| 5 Obs. DifF. = 1° 15') t? ^ _ , -i-a: 1*
Distance = 32".4Si | 5 Obs. DifF. = i'Jl \ ^""^'^"^^^y ^^^^"1^'
Night is very fine, but the small star scarcely bears any illumination.
Passy; November 3, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 11th, or 12th magnitudes.
Diff! = o".i92 } Excessively difficult.
5 Obs.
2 Obs,
Position = 53° 13' w/
Distance zz 31 ".666
The small star will not bear the slightest illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 53° 31' w/(io Obs.); Distance 32''.248 (7 Obs);
Epoch 1824.81.
The present angle differs — 3° 10' from that of 1783. (H.)
and positions q/'458 double and triple stars ^ &c, 311
No. DCCCXXXV. R. A. 23»» 39™ ; Decl. 3° 46' S.
20 Piscium ; Struve, 788.
Double ; 6th and 12th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; October 14, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 170 10' np I 5 Obs. | Diff. = o° 25' | Excessively difficult.
Distance = 2' 5o".5oo \ 5 Obs. | Difr. = 2".5243 '
Night extremely fine, but the small star will scarcely bear any illumination.
Passy ; November 25, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
I 7tli and 1 5th magnitudes.
Position = i/** 17' njo 1 5 Obs. | Diff. = 0° 33'. Excessively difficult.
Observations of distance cannot be procured, although the night is fine.
Passy ; September 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 12th, or 14th magnitudes.
Distance = 2' 5i".349 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".9i3. Excessively difficult.
The small star becomes invisible under the most feeble illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 17° 13' np ; Epoch 1824.83 ; Distance 9! 5o".924 ;
Epoch 1825.26.
No. DCCCXXXVI. R. A. 23^ 49" ; Decl. 23° 22' N.
Nova;
Double ; 8^ and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; September 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 43° 54.' «p I 5 Obs.
Distance = 9".47 1 I S Obs.
Diff. = G° 35' I „
Diff =o".48il«^^y-
The small star is so extremely indistinct, and the measures so excessively difficult,
that the results are perhaps a little inaccurate.
Passy ; September 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8 J and 11 th magnitudes.
Position = 45; 23' np I 5 Obs. Diff. = 4° V \ Excessively difficult.
Distance = 9.252 | 5 Obs. Diff. = o .962 3 '
The small star is pale blue, and bears but the slightest illumination.
Mean Result.
Position 44° 38' np\ Distance 9^361 ; Epoch 1825.70.
312 Mr. South' s observations of the apparent distances
No. D CCCXXXVII. R. A. sis'" 54" ; Decl. 65"" 6' N.
Struve, 794-
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes. ,(1
Passy ; October 21, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
DifF. - 3° 22' ) o
DiiF.=o".8i7l South.
Position == 20° 6' nf | 5 Obs.
Distance r: i5"'.52o j 5 Obs.
Position = 18° 15' w/ 1 2 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 30' 7 ,yr -r
Distances 1 5".285 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = 2".oi9 j ^'' Troughton.
Passy ; October 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Position = 19° 48' nf
Distance — I5''.6i8
DifF. =:o°45' ) <,«
DifF. = o".8l7r°^^«'
Position = 1 8° 44' nf
Distances 15". 2 87
5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 5' \ ^ ^ ^
5 Obs. I DifF. = 2".332 J ^^P*' Be^^'ORT.
During Capt. Beaufort's observations, the stars became very faint, in consequence
of the deposition of dew on the exterior and interior surfaces of the object-glass.
Mean Result,
Position 19° 24' nf {in Obs.) ; Distance 15",427 (20 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.28.
No. DCCCXXXVIII. R. A. 23^ 65"^ ; Decl. 61° 17' N.
9 Cassiopeise ; Struve, 795 ; V. 79.*
Double ; 6th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; October 21, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =: 74° 25' s p
Distance =z 4' 5".682
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 0° 29' ) T^.fl- .
DifF.= i".298l^^^^"^^-
Passy ; November 16, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
"is'-
Position = 74° 21' sp
Distances: 4' 5".i65
S Obs. [DifF. = 0O32' \^.^ ,^
DifF. = i".i54]^^ifficult.
5 Obs.
Mean Result.
Position 74° ^s' sp\ Distance 4' 5"- 42 3 ; Epoch 1824.84.
• The star here measured is called V. 79 in M. Struve's Catalogue, but is
manifestly a different star. (H.)
C 313 3
RE -EXAMINATION OF THIRTY-SIX DOUBLE AND
TRIPLE STARS, THE DISTANCES AND POSITIONS
OF WHICH, AS OBSERVED BY MR. HERSCHEL AND
MR. SOUTH, WERE PUBLISHED IN THE PHILOSO-
PHICAL TRANSACTIONS FOR 1824.
No. L R. A. o^ 38" ; Decl. 56° 51' N.
fi Cassiopeise ; IIL 3 ; H. and S. 8.
Double ; 6th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 8° 2i'n/
Distance = 9".968
Position = 8° 1' ra/
Distance = g".7S6
Passy ; October 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 3' ?g
S Obs. I DiiF. = o".889 j^o^^H.
7 Obs. i DiiF. = 3° 45' ■) ^ ^ «
5 Obs. I DifF. = o".5S3 J<^^P<^' Beaufort.
Night not at present favourable. Observed when 40 minutes west of meridian.
Passy ; October 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 6° 42'»/| 7 Obs. | DifF. = i' 36' 7 j^-n-..
Distance= 9".959 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o-.^S^^'^^""^''
Night foggy; the small star very indistinct: observed when 50' west of meridian.
Passy ; October 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet EquatoriaL
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 6° 2' n/j 7 Obs.
Distance = 9".736 | 5 Obs.
DifF. = 1° 26' 7 -r.-a: ,^
Diff.=:o".745l^'^'"^'*
Observed when one hour west of the meridian with 181. The stars, which have
hitherto been remarkably steady and well defined, are now suddenly so excessively
unsteady and ill defined, that to persevere in observing is altogether useless. ^
MDCCCXXVI. S S
^14 Mr. South' s re-examination of the apparent distances
No. I. R. A. o^ 38" ; Decl. 56° 51' N.
ri Cassiopeiae ; III. 3 ; H. and S. 8.
continued.
Passy ; October 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th, or 1 1th magnitudes.
Position =: 5° 59' nf
Distance = 9".9ii
^8^::lES:lJ-i64}^''^'««-"-
Observed when one hour west of the meridian. The fog is now become so dense,
that the stars are scarcely perceptible.
Passy; October 16, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 1 0th magnitudes.
Position = 6® 27' nf
Distances io".o67
7 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 2° 40' ) j^.a. ,^
Diff. = o".i84j^^^^"l*'
Night very foggy ; stars ill defined and unsteady.
A continuation of bad weather from this date till the 22nd
instant, v^^hen the observatory at Passy was demolished, ren-
dered further observations of this star impracticable.
Mean Result,
Position &* 55' nf{4>^ Obs.); Distance 9".904 (so Obs.);
Epoch 1825.78.
In 1821.9 the angle was measured at ?** 9' nf. The
motion therefore in 3.9 years appears only to have been
o'' 14', direct, whereas computing on the annual motion
+ o°.5i33 it should be 2° o'. The observation of 1821 is
a mean of not more than 7 single measures. It is possible
therefore that it may be somewhat erroneous, though proba-
bly not to the whole extent ( 1° 46') which this discordance
would require ; yet a trifling error in the present measure or
in the angular velocity would reconcile all. Meanwhile the
main point, the direction of the motion, agreeing, may be
regarded as confirming the result already arrived at. (H.)
and positions of 36 double and triple stars ^ &r 315
No. II. R. A. 5^ o'" ; Decl. 8" 53^' S.
IV. 43 ; H. and S. 50.
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue, and bears
only a very feeble illumination.
Passy ; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 8° 17' nf
Distances 2o".755
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff = l^ifA ^^^^^^^^y difficult.
Observed when 10 minutes west of the meridian; the dew on the object-glass is
very troublesome.
Passy ; January 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
^th and 11th, or 12th magnitudes.
Position = 9° 8' nf
Distance = 22".349
c Obs. I DifF. = o° 45' ) ^j ^ , ,.3. .
c Obs. Diff. = i".202 \ Extremely difficult.
5 Ubs. J Dltt. = I".202>
Observations made on the meridian ; night very fine.
Passy ; February 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 11th magnitudes.
Distance =: 22".643 | 5 Obs. | Diff. =r i"-77g» Extremely difficult.
Should this set favour one series of the former observations more than the other,
I feel so little confidence in them whilst obtaining them, that I would not reject
either, but would prefer receiving the mean of all, as a final determination. Night
tolerably clear, and the stars very steady.
Mean Result.
Position 8° 42' nf {10 Obs. ) ; Epoch 1825.05 ;
Distance 2i".9i6(i5 Obs.); Epoch 1825.06.
Until arranging the work for presentation to the Royal
Society, I was not aware that the former memoir contained
the following observations of this double star, made by
Mr. Herschel and myself. Position io<* 6' nf; Distance
2i".763; Epoch 1821.97.
316 Mr. SouTH^s re-examination of the apparent distances
No. III. R. A. 5^ 22" ; Decl. i6* 56' N.
III. 9S ; H. and S. 58.
Double ; 8th and 8-§- magnitudes.
Passy ; December 23, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 51° 27' sf 5 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 12' ) j^. . ^^
Distance = i i".03i 5 Obs. | DiflF. = o'.sos ] ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^'^'
Passy ; December 23, 1824 ; Portable Transit.
Observed R. A. of the larger star = 5** 22' 8''.o6.
Passy ; December 31, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 71 magnitudes.
Position =51° 9' sf 5 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 35' 1 y unsteady
Distance = id'.e^z 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".36o5 ^^^ unsteaay.
Night unfavourable ; stars not well defined.
Mean Result.
Position 51' 18' 5/; Distance io''.86i; Epoch 1824.99.
This star was re-measured unintentionally ; I was not
aware that observations of it were communicated in the
former memoir, which give for the Position 52° 4' sf; and
Distance 9".790 ; Epoch 1821.96. The positions agree very
well, but the distances differ more than could be wished.
No. IV. R. A. 6^ 20"° ; Decl. 6^ 55' S.
11 Monocerotis; H. andS. 71.
Triple ; perhaps quadruple ; but the fourth star is very dis-
tant. A 6^, B 7th, C 7t, and D of the 10th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Blackman-street ; February 15, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position == 40° 38' sf
Distance = 8". 280
c Obs. Diff. = 0° CO' ) o
SObs. Diffrro^Lir^^"^"-
Blackman-street ; March 2, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 400 s' */ I 4 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 45' ) ^ Herschel
Distance = 7".7oo | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".727 5 ^^' "erschel.
Night hazy.
and positions of 36 double and triple stars , &c. Si 7
No. IV. R. A. 6^ 20'" ; Decl. 6° 55' S.
11 Monocerotis ; H. and S. 71.
continued.
Measures of B C.
Blackman-street ; February 15, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
7th and 7h magnitudes.
Position = 13° 53' sf I 5 Obs. DiiF. = 2° 26' 1 .
Distance = 3",266 | 5 Obs. DifF. = ©".758 j ^o^^h.
Blackman-street ; March 2, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 13° 25' sf I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 10' 7 ^ Herschel
Distance = 3".309 | 2 Obs. 1 DifF. = ©".253 } ^"^^ ^^^schel.
Night hazy.
Observations of the distant star cannot be obtained.
Measures of B D.
Blackman-street; February 15, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 66" 33' wj? I 3 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 50' i <,
Distance = 4' io".gs7 \ 3 Obs. | Diff. = o".88s 5 ^^uth.
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 40** 23' sf{9 Obs.) ; Distance 7'''.990 (10 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1824.12.
of BC. Position 13° 39' sf{io Obs.) ; Distance s".278 (7 Obs. ) ;
Epoch 1824.12.
of BD. Position 66° 3 3' wj> (3 Obs.); Distance4'io".957(30bs.);
Epoch 1824.12.
This star was measured under the idea that it was an
unobserved star.
Our measures in the former paper are for the position of
AB. 39° 29' sf; of BC. 10° 41' sf ; of AD. 67° 20' np ;
1822.09 ; and for the distance,
of A B. 6".862 ; of B C. 3".243.
The distances ascribed to A B disagree, it is true, more than
a second, a very considerable quantity on so small a distance,
it must be confessed. It is probable that the real distance is
a mean between them, or 7".42.
318 Mr, South's re-examination of the apparent distances
No. V. R. A. &" so" ; Decl. 59° 37' N.
12 Lyncis ; I. 6 and III. 22 ; H. andS. 74.
Triple ; A of the 7th, B of the 7f , and C of the 9th
magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; April 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 63° 32' sf\ 6 Obs. | Diff. = 4° 45'. Very unsteady.
Observed when 1 J hour west of the meridian with 273.
Passy; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 7J magnitudes.
Position ss 6&> 22' sf
Distances 2".488
5^gS;:|Eil; = o°i6';lBXStrongt.mghe.
5
Observed when one hour west of the meridian, with a power of 413, which sepa-
rates the discs of the stars completely : they are most beautifully defined. The
measures of distance are a little difficult, because the instrument is thrown into
tremours by the wind : the sun scarcely below the horizon when the observations
were taken. No artificial illumination necessary.
Passy ; April 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7J and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 63° 15' «/! 7 Obs.
Distance = ^".469 | 5 Obs.
DifF. =:: 2« 30' I p,.«; ,^
One hour and a half west of the meridian when observed with 41 3 ; stars at times
well defined, but are very unsteady.
Passy ; April 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 71 magnitudes.
Position = 63° 59' sf I 7 Obs. DifF. = 3° 1 1' 7 Unsteadv
Distance = 2''.63o | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".432 | ^"^^^^^y*
Observed with 41 3.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; April 1, 1825 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes.
Position =: 34° to' np \ 6 Obs. | DifF. = 2° o'. Very unsteady.
Observed when i| hour west of the meridian with 273.
and positions 0/36 double and triple stars y &c. 319
No. V. R. A. 6^ so" ; Decl. 59** si N.
12 Lyncis ; I. 6. and III. 22 ; H. and S. 74.
continued.
Passy ; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9^ magnitudes.
Position = 36- 35' np ; Obs. I DifF. z= 2" n' 7 g yj .
Distance zz 8".7S4 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".3 12 j ^^ twuignt.
Angles obtained with the greatest facility ; distances rather difficult, the instrument
being agitated by the wind ; magnifying power used 41 3.
Passy; April 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7J and 91 magnitudes.
Position = 35° 13' np I 7 Obs. I Diff. = !<> 20' ) Unsteady
Distance = 9".379 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".36o5 '^"s^^^^/-
Observed with 413, when i^ hour west of the meridian.
*
Passy; April 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7k and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 35° 1/ np 7 Obs. | Diff. = 1° 58' ) Unsteady
Distance = 9 '.420 5 Obs. | Diff. = 0^577 5 '-'"^teaay.
Obserred with 413.
Mean Result.
of A B. Position 64° 21' sj(27 Obs.); Distance 2^.529(15 Obs.) ;
of AC. Position 35° si'w^ (27 0bs); Distance 9"- 184(1 5 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.25.
There is a considerable change in the position of the close
star since the year 1823. At that time ( 1823.28) the angle
was 68"* 39' 5/ (See Phil. Trans. 1824. Part III.) Hence it
appears that the small star has continued its motion in the
direction there assigned to it ; and, if we may confide suffi-
ciently in both data, with an accelerated velocity, for the
computed motion corresponding to an interval of 2.0 years
would be — 1°. 148, whereas the observations make it —4° 18'
or — 4°. 3. Meanwhile the direction of the motion is as pre-
dicted, and we may therefore regard the reality of this star's
rotation as fully confirmed. ( H.)
320 Mr. South' s re-examination of the apparent distances
No. VI. R. A. 7*^ 23™ ; Decl. 32° ifN.
Castor ; II. 1 ; H. and S. 81.
Double ; 3rd and 4th magnitudes.
Passy ; February 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 7° 8' *p I lo Obs. | Diff. z= i° 54'. Tolerably steady.
Observed within half an hour of either side of the meridian ; no other double
star visible. During the measures, the larger star passed through all gradations
of magnitude, between the third and ninth ; a circumstance which it is necessary to
mention, as in taking the mean they ought not to be allowed a value, proportional
to their number.
Passy; March 31, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
3rd and 4th magnitudes.
Position = 6° 51' «/) I 7 Obs. | DifF. =: 0° 59'. Tolerably steady.
Observed when 12 minutes west of the meridian.
Passy; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Srd and 4th magnitudes.
Position = 5° 59' sp 7 Obs. | Diff. = 1° 3-6'
Distances ^'.^^g
SObs.|Diff.=o".529}^y^^y^'S^*-
Stars beautifully defined, and as steady as possible j the sun shining ; not a cloud
visible : observations made with 787.
Passy ; April 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
3rd and 4th magnitudes.
Position =fz'sp 7 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 1 1' ) Unsteady
Distance = 4".796 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".288i ^"steady.
Observed with 181, when 20 minutes west of the meridian.
Passy ; April 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
3rd and 4th magnitudes.
Diff. r=
Diff.
:=i".48i}2y^i"s^*-
Position = 6° 48' «;? I 7 Obs.
Distance = 4". 958 | 5 Obs.
Observed on the meridian with 787 j stars exquisitely defined, and as steady as
possible.
Passy; April 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
3rd and 4th magnitudes.
Position = 6° 22' sp I 7 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 18' ) g daylieht.
Distance = 4".826 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".48 1 ] ^^ ^^X^S'^^-
The sun shining ; stars very steady, and extremely well defined.
Observations made with 513, when 10 minutes east of the meridian.
and positions of sQ double and triple stars , &c. 321
No. VI. R. A. 7^ 23" ; Decl. 32° 17'N.
Castor ; II. 1 ; H. and S. 81.
continued.
Mean Result.
Position 6'' 42' sp (42 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.23 ;
Distance 4".767 (20 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.26.
Note J In taking the mean, the ten observations of February 1 8 are considered
equivalent to the seven of which the other sets are composed.
These measures, compared with those recorded in the Phi-
losophical Transactions for 1824, afford, in the short interval
of 2^.12, a very satisfactory verification of the quantity as
v^ell as of the direction of the motion there assigned. The
angle at that epoch (1823.1 1) was 5° 1' sp. It is now 6° 42' sp.
The motion then is — 1° 41' or retrograde, as it ought to be.
Now, if we compute the motion on the supposition of the
actual angular velocity being (as there assigned) -*-o°.777,
we shall find — 1° 38', differing insensibly from the observed
quantity. That this degree of exactness is not quite acci-
dental, other similar instances to be adduced will convince
MS. (H.)
No. VII. R. A. 7^ 58" ; Decl. 28° o' N.
11 Cancri ; I. 11 ; H. and S. 88.
Double ; 8th and 9^ magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; March 12, 1824; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position == 83° 24' np
Distance = 4".694
5 Obs. J DifF. = 3° o'
5 Obs. I Diff.= o".8s3 5 • • • •
Blackman-street ; March 31, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9 J magnitudes.
Position =: 83* 7' w j9
Distance = 4"'659
MDCCCXXVI. 1 1
5 Obs. DifF. = 2° 46' 7
5 Obs. Diff. = o".22iJ • • • ^
322 Mr. South's re-examination of the apparent distances
No. VII. R. A. 7^ 58™ ; Decl. 28° o' N.
11 Cancri ; I. 11 ; H. and S. 88.
continued.
Mean Result.
Position 83° 15' np; Distance ^".G'je ; Epoch 1824.21.
When this star was measured, I supposed it to be the star
whose R. A. in Struve's Catalogue is given 7^ 54'.5 ; Decl.
28* o' N. ; whether it is, or is not 11 Cancri, I cannot say;
but it is unquestionably synonymous with the double star
No. 88 of the collection observed by H. and S. and is the star
observed by Sir W. Herschel. Our former measures were.
Position 84° 30' np; Distance 4".498 ; Epoch 1822.21.
No. VIII. R. A. 8^^ 2" ; Decl. 18° 1 1' N.
f Cancri ; I. 24 and III. 19 ; H. and S. 90.
A very pretty double star ; 6^ and 7th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; March 13, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 6f ci' «/ 5 Obs. DifF. = 1° 51' i p^„„ , ,, , , ,. .
Distance = 6".ao9 '' 5 Obs. Diff. = o".8s3 } ^'™*'^^^^y '^^^^y*
Observations extremely satisfactory.
Blackman-street ; March 31, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
7th and 71 magnitudes.
Position = If 9'sf I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 55' \ Tolerably steadv
Distance = 6". 181 J 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".69S ] ^ ^^^raoiy steady.
Observed when two hours west of the meridian ; but the stars are well defined.
Passy ; January 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7 J and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 7o«> 15' «/ 1 S Obs. j DifF, ;= i° 49'
The position observed on March 13th, 1824, differs more
than might be wished with that obtained subsequently ; still
the favourable circumstances under which the discordant set
was procured, would not justify their rejection ; allowing all
equal weight, we have for the
and positions of 36 double and triple stars y (^c. 323
No. VIII. R. A. 8^ q' ; Decl. 18M1' N.
5" Cancri ; I. 24 and III. 19 ; H. and S. 90.
continued.
Mean Result.
Position 69'' 45' ^/ ( 15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.49 ;
Distance 6^195 (10 Obs.); Epoch 1824.22.
When this star was observed in Blackman-street, in 1824,
and again at this place in January of the present year, I re-
garded it as a new double star, and registered the observa-
tions of it as such ; a comparison however of the results with
the measures of f Cancri, leaves no room to doubt that the
two stars are identical. Our former measures were Position
68** 17' sf; Distance 6".24i ; Epoch 1822.14. Observations
however which immediately follow, show that the larger
star is itself double ; hence some suspicion as to the accuracy
of these and of former measures will naturally arise.
Passy ; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Triple ; A of the 7th, B of the 8th, and C of the 8th
magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
The eye-pieces adapted to the micrometer hitherto used
with this instrument being inadequate to communicate to the
telescope sufficient magnifying power to enable me to pro-
cure measures of thivS interesting close double star, I applied
the micrometer of the Five-feet Equatorial,* which I had for-
tunately brought with me from England : the powers thus
obtained are 92, 157, 181, 327, 413, 5i3 and 787. As to the
• To effect this change of micrometers, an alteration of the eye-tubes became
necessary; on this, as on evefj/ other occasion, Mons*". Gambey supplied my wants
so expeditiously yZwA. at the same time so' cotnpletely , that during my abode here, I
scarcely felt the loss of Mr. Troughton. The advantage of having a.Jirst-rate
Artist, resident within striking distance of our observatory, is almost incalculable.
Passy, Oct. 22, 1825.
324 Mr. South's re-examination of the apparent distances
No. VIII. R. A. 8^ 2'" ; Decl. i8° ii' N.
f Cancrj ; I. 24 and III. 19 ; H. and S. 90.
continued.
value of the micrometer in seconds, rigorous examination
has satisfied me that it is precisely the same with that of the
micrometer formerly employed. The observations of this
date, and of all subsequent to it, will be made by means of
this micrometer.
Position = 3i°2i' nf\ 7 Obs. | Diff. = 400' ^ difficult
Distance =s o'Mj \ 5 Obs. | Diff. = d'.igz ] ^^™<^"^'^-
Observed with 413, when a few minutes west of the meridian; the angles I con-
sider very good j but the distances are perhaps a little inaccurate : the stars are
well defined, but are very unsteady.
Passy ; April 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 32° 18' n/ 1 7 Obs. | Diff. = 6° 2'. Difficult.
I cannot procure any measures of distance, the extreme unsteadiness of the stars
rendering it impossible. Observed with 413. Stars tolerably well defined, and on
the meridian at the time of observation.
Passy ; April 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7tli and 8th magnitudes.
Position s= 32® ^i'nf\ 7 Obs.
Distance = i".o44 | 5 Obs.
Diff. = 9° 12' ) j^.g. ,^
Diff.
Observed with 413, a few minutes east of the meridian; stars unsteady, but at
times well defined.
Passy ; April 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 32° 4' w/ 1 7 Obs. | Diff. = 7° 28'. Difiicult.
Observed on the meridian with 413, but the stars are so unsteady, that measures of
distance are impracticable.
Passy ; April 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 32° o' nf\ 7 Obs. | Diff. = 4° 7'. Very difficult.
Observed with 41 3, with which power no measures of distance can be procured,
owing to the extreme unsteadiness of the stars. I therefore applied 327, and
obtained as results.
<ind positions of 36 double and triple stars, &c, 325
No. VIII. R. A. 8^ 2"" ; Decl. iS** 11' N.
f Cancri ; I. 24 and III. 19 ; H. and S. 90.
continued.
Position = 320 25' fi/l 8 Obs.
Distance = i".327 | 5 Obs.
Stars one hour west of the meridian when observed.
Slff: = ?.4^^1} Very difficult.
By twilight, the sun below the horizon but a very few
minutes, I saw the star decidedly double with a power of
181 only.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; April 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 68° 26' sf \ 6 Obs. "; DifF. = 2° 35'. Steady.
Observed when 35 minutes west of the meridian, with a
power of 273. The angle thus obtained may be liable to an
error of one or two degrees, for I see the large star unques-
tionably elongated ; but the eye-piece now in use is the
deepest magnifier which is adapted to this micrometer, and
it is inadequate to separate the stars sufficiently to enable me
to procure measures of them. At the time of perceiving the
star elongated, I was unaware that it had been observed by
Sir William Herschel as a close double star, as also that
Mr. Herschel and myself, when we observed it in England
as double of the srd class, had noted that " it is not to be seen
triple, although beautifully defined and round.*' Vide Obser-
vations of the apparent Distances, &c. Phil. Trans. 1824.
Part III. page 115.
Passy ; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7 th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 67° 16' sf
Distancess s".287
7 Obs. DifF. =r 2« o' I „ ,.^ .
6 Obs. DifF. = o".6oi ] ^^^ difficult.
Observed with 413, when half an hour west of the meridian; stars extremely
unsteady.
326 Mr. South's re'examination of the apparent distances
No. VIII. R. A. 8^^ 2"» ; Dec!. 18** ii' N.
f Cancri ; I. 24 and III. 19 ; H. and S. 90.
continued.
Eassyi Agril 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
■7th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 6j° 14' sf \ 7 Obs. | Diff. = 1® 30'. Very difficult.
Observed with 413, when a few minutes west of the meridian; but the unstea-
diness of the stars renders it impossible to procure any observations of distance.
Passy ; April 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 68° 49' sf 7 Obs. DifF. = 1° 27' 7 ^ . ,.
Distance = s".6i6 5 Obs. DifF. = o".673 j ^^^^ ^^
Observed a few minutes west of the meridian with 41 3 ; stars well defined, but very
unsteady,
• ' ■ Mean Result.
bf A^B.^1*o'sM6nS'^*io'w/(430bs.); Distance i".o86(i50bs);
of AC. — 67° 55' 5/ (2 7 Obs.); 5".436(iiObs.);
Epoch 1825.27.
Note. The observations of A C, when the star A was only
seen as a single star, are rejected.
This star presents the hitherto unique combination of three
individuals, forming, if not a system connected by the agency
of attractive forces, at least one in which all the parts are in
a state of relative motion. To begin with the two nearer
stars A and B. Sir W. Herschel's measure of their posi-
tion Nov. 28, 1781 (1781.90) was 86° 32'^/. and it will be
remarked, that a position so nearly perpendicular to the diur-
nal motion carries in some measure its own verification with
it, as not liable to gross error. This differs no less than
54° 22' from the present angle in the same quadrant, giving
a meaniannual motion of + 1^.254 or direct {nfsp). The
distance remains as it was, so close as to be barely separable.
In 1802 it was so also ; but at that time, though observed by
and positions of ^6 double and triple stars ^ &c. 327
No. VIII. R. A. 8^ 2"> ; Decl. 18° 11' N.
f Cancri ; I. 24. and III. 19 ; H. and S. 90 ;
continued.
Sir W. Herschel, no measures could be procured, which is
much to be regretted.
The evidence for the motion of the more distant star C will be
found in the Philosophical Transactions, 1824, Part III. p. 115.
The change of quadrant— the great amount of the motion
(23° 42' in 40^ years) and the circumstance of an error to that
amount, or anything like it, being perfectly impossible from
the considerable distance of the stars ; add, too, the regular
gradations by which the change appears, from several inter-
vening observations, to have taken place ; all these consi-
derations place the motion of the distant star beyond dispute,
and the present measures confirm it, the angle 67° 55' sf
compared with that of 1822 (68° 17' sf) indicating a motion
still in the same direction. Its amount, it is true, is only
— 22' instead of — 1° 44' which the assigned velocity would
give, but this is as near a coincidence as we have a right to
expect in such small quantities.
•If this be really a Ternary system connected by the
mutual attraction of its parts, its perturbations will present
one of the most intricate problems in physical astronomy.
The difficulty will not be diminished by the circumstance
of the rotations of the two small stars about the large one
being (apparently at least) performed in opposite directions,
being the reverse of what obtains in our planetary system,
or by that of the deviations of the relative angular velocities
from Kepler's law, being such as to indicate either great
masses in all the three bodies, great excentricities in their
orbits, or a different law of gravity from what obtains in our
system. (H.)
328 Mr, South' s re-examination of the apparent distances
No. IX. R. A. 8^ 16' ; Decl. 25° 7' N.
v' Cancri ; II. 41 ; H. and S. 92.
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; April 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
\ Position =z 520 13'n/ I 6 Obs. Diff. = i° 28' 7 ^ , , ,
Distance = 6". gig | 6 Obs. DifF. = o''.62s | tolerably steady.
Observed with 179, when i| hour west of the meridian; the small star bears a
very good illumination.
Passy ; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Sth and Qth magnitudes.
Position = 52" 4/ nf I 7 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 16' ) ^^ , , , ^ .
Distance = 6".SS2 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".2i6 J tolerably steady.
Observed when 40 minutes west of the meridian with 181 j but examined with 41 3,
with which power both stars are beautifully defined, and are as round as possible.
Passy ; April 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Sth and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 52« 57' nfl 7 Obs. I Diff. = i® 48' \ r^ r , , ^ .
Distance = 6''.773 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".s53 J Tolerably steady.
Observed with 181, when 25 minutes west of the meridian.
Passy ; April 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position =51° 56' nf 7 Obs. I Diff. = 2® 10' Kt . j
Distance = 6".7i3 . 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".240 j Unsteady.
Passy ; April 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 52° 35' nf\ 7 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 5' ) „ 1 ui . j
Distance = 6".7i8 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".2i6l Tolerably steady.
Mean Result.
Position 52« 30 nf (34 Obs.) ; Distance 6". 742 (26 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.26.
and positions of 36 double and triple stars, &c. 329
No. IX. R. A. 8^ i6°» ; Decl. 25° 7' N.
0' Cancri ; II. 41 ; H. and S. 92.
continued.
The position here given compared with that of 1822.16
(Philosophical Transactions 1824, III.) indicates a change of
only — 0° 17', being smaller, it is true, in quantity than the
change ( — i<* 35') which ought to have taken place on the
supposition of the angular velocity of — o°-5 14 there assigned,
but in the right direction. If we recollect that the angle of
1822 is deduced from a mean of only 8 individual measures,
it will not appear surprising that an error of a degree or
somewhat more should have been committed in it. In such
a case the coincidence of directions is in itself a confirmation
as good as we have a right to look for. (H.) ^
No. X. R. A. 10^ lo'"; Decl. 20°45'N.
y Leonis ; I. 28 ; H. and S. 113 ;
Double ; 4th and 5th magnitudes.
Passy; April 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Diff! = f'Jos } ^^^^^' difficult.
Position = 1 1° 43' sf I 7 Obs.
Distance = z".^y6 | 6 Obs.
Observed on the meridian with 273 ; the stars well defined, but not steady.
Passy ; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
4th and 5th magnitudes.
Position = 1 i° I' */ 7 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 32' \ ^ ^, ...
Distance = 3".oi7 "^ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".384 J ^" *^' meridian.
Observed with 413 ; stars very well defined but extremely unsteady, rendering the
observations, particularly those of distance, difficult.
Passy ; April 4, 1825 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
4th and 5 th magnitudes.
Position = 1 1O48' sf | 7 Obs. | DifF. = 2° 28'. On the meridian.
Observed with 181 ; the extreme unsteadiness of the stars prevents me using a
higher power. No observations of distance can be procured.
MDCCCXXVI. U U
330 Mr, SouTH*s re-examination of the apparent distances
No. X. R. A. loi* lo"* ; Decl. 20** 45' N.
y Leonis ; I. s8 ; H. and S. 1 13 ;
continued.
Passy ; April 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
4th and 5th magnitudes.
Position = io° 27' sf
Distances ^".^6l
DifF. = 2° 22'
' = 2° 22' )
T\;a ^'1 .^^i Oti the meridian.
Uiir. = o .432 3
7 Obs.
5 Obs.
Observed with 327, the deepest power which the unsteadiness of the stars allows
me to use advantageously.
Passy ; May 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
4th and 5th maa;nitudes.
Position = 10° / «/ I 7 Obs. | DifF. = 4° 10'. Unsteady.
Observed by twilight without artificial illumination, when 15 minutes west of
the meridian.
Passy; June 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
4th and 5th magnitudes.
Position = If 36'*/ 1 7 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 58' ) Unsteadv
Distance = 2".652 | 5 Obs. [ DiiF. = o".264 5 '^^steaay.
Observed by daylight with 41 3, when 40 minutes west of the meridian ; sun shining;
not a cloud visible j stars at times well defined.
Mean Result.
Position 11° 17' sf (42 Obs.); Distance 2". 716 (21 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.30.
This position, compared with that of 1822.44, gives a
motion of + 2** 53'. The supposition of an annual motion of
+ o°.30, assigned in the former Paper, would give + o°.54'.
The present observations therefore confirm this motion fully
in point of reality, and direction, but indicate an acceleration
which (considering the number of observations) may have
some claims to probability. The distances disagree more
than might have been expected. (H.)
and positions 0/36 double and triple stars, &c. 331
No. XL R. A. ii'^ 9" ; Decl. 32° 33' N.
J Ursse majoris ; I. 2 ; H. and S. 122 ;
Double ; 6th and 6^ magnitudes.
Passy ; February 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 24° 53' *p 1 5 Obs. | Diff. = i* 42'. Difficult.
Stars ill defined and unsteady ; observed with 273.
Passy ; March 7, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6J and 7th magnitudes.
Position = 24® 57' sp ] 12 Obs. | DifF. = 2° 30'. Tolerably steady.
Observed when 15 minutes west of the meridian with 273 ; stars well defined.
Passy ; March 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 6| magnitudes.
Position = 2C° iS' sp \ 4. Obs. I Diff. = 1° 35' ) ,,, j,
Distance = 2'.o29 "^ | J Obs. | Diff. r= o".48i J ^ons. Bouvard.
Position = 25° 11' sp 16 Obs.
Distance ^ 2".oo9 | 5 Obs.
Diff. = 2^ 35 ) c
Diff =o".254 I South.
Observed when a few minutes east and west of the meridian with 273, but
during the measures of distance extremely unsteady.
Passy; March 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6| and 7 th magnitudes.
Position = 25° i' sp \ 7 Obs. I Diff. = 2° o' ) ^ ,, ...
Distance = 2''.S72 j 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".673 J ^" *^^ meridian.
Night hazy, stars tolerably steady, and are separated with a power of 179, with
which the observations were procured.
Passy ; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 6| magnitudes.
Position = 25°22 sp I 7 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 58' | Well defined.
Distance = 2".368, j 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".2i63 but unsteady.
Observed with 413, when 45 minutes west of the meridian.
Passy; April 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6^ and 7th magnitudes.
Diff. = 20 45' Observed with 181.
Position =: 26° 12' sp .7 Obs
Position = 26° 51' sp 7 Obs.
Distance z= 2".387
The position obtained with 181 was taken when the stars were 10 minutes east of
the meridian, and the observations with 413 when they were 10 minutes west of it.
Obs. Diff. = o".44 7
5 Obs. j Diff = o".6oi I ""'^ 413.
33^ Mr. South's re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XI. R. A. ii*' 9" ; Decl. 32° 33' N.
f Ursae majoris ; I. 2 ; H. andS. 122.
continued.
Mean Result.
Position 25* 28' sp (^5 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.22 ;
Distance 2".442 (15 Obs) ; Epoch 1825.25.
In taking the mean the distances of March 20 are rejected ;
if not rejected, the mean of the 25 observations will give
distance 2". 2 73,
Nothing can be more satisfactory than the confirmation
these observations afford of the rapid motion ascribed to this
remarkable star. In the interval of 1.97 year since the
Epoch 1823.29 the jnotion has amounted to no less than
13° 55' y in the direction npsf, or — 7°.o25 per annum. The
sudden diminution of velocity is however not confirmed.
Indeed it rested on too short an interval, and on too few ob-
servations (for such very close stars) to deserve great confi-
dence. We cannot do better than recommend this star for
the next 10 or 20 years to the constant and careful measure-
ment of astronomers ; nor can we too strongly inculcate here
the indispensable necessity of multiplying extremely their
measures of position, to eliminate those errors of judgment
to which the most experienced observers are liable in mea-
sures of this sort. This done, there is no doubt of our arriv-
ing at a precise knowledge of the elements and position of
the orbit described by each about their common centre of
gravity ; and the question of the extension or non-extension
of the Newtonian law of gravity to the sidereal heavens —
the next great step which physical astronomy has yet to
make — will be effectually decided. (H.)
and positions 0/36 double and triple stars ^ &c. SSS
No. XII. R. A. iQ^ 13" ; Decl. 6° 19' N.
17 Virginis ; IV. 50; H. and S. 142.
Double; 7th and 11th magnitudes.
Passy ; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 66° 46' np
Distance = 19". 795
7 Obs.
5 Obs.
Diff. = 2° 35' > Unsteady.
DifF. = o".625 ) Very unsteady.
Measures extremely difficult, on account of light clouds : the angles were gotten
when the stars were on the meridian ; but no observations of distance could be pro-
cured till they were 40 minutes west of it.
Passy ; April 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 12th magnitudes.
Position r; 65° 43' np
Distance = i9".974
7 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 1° 15' ) Very difficult.
DifF. zz i".0345 Extremely difficult.
Passy ; April 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 1 1th magnitudes.
Position = 66° f npXy Obs. I DifF. = i° 42' 7 Measures of consi-
Distance = 19 ".5 96 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".4o8 3 derable difficulty.
Passy ; May 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 66° 25' np
Distance = 20". 274
7 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 47' ) Very difficult.
5 Obs. I DifF. = I ''.49 1 S Extremely difficult.
Mean Result.
Position 66° i^'np (28 Obs.); Distance i9".9io (20 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.30.
The difficulty of the measures of this star is no doubt the
reason of the disagreement betv^een the result {69° 36'np) of
the observations of 1823, and the present. The discordance
however is unfortunately such as to prevent any certain
conclusion as to the motion or rest of the stars from being
dravv^n. (H.)
334 Mr. South' s re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XIII. R. A. 12^ 32- ; Decl. o° 27' S.
y Virginis ; III. 18 ; H. and S. 150.
Double ; 8th and 8 i magnitudes.
Passy ; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 7° 22' sf
Distance = 3".2Sy
7 Obs. I DifF. = 3° 12' ) TT .. J
SObs. I Diff.=o".3 12 1 Unsteady.
The angles were observed with 413 j but the distances with 181 only, in conse-
quence of the unsteadiness of the stars, which were at the time of observation a few
minutes west of the meridian,
Passy ; April 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
S Obs. I DifF. = 2° 20' ) ,, , ,
5 Obs. I DifF. = o".6oi I ^^'y unsteady.
Position = 6° 42' np
Distance s= 3".! 52
The stars are of the 8th and Sf magnitudes. I tried to use a higher power than
181, but could not do it advantageously.
Passy ; May 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8^ magnitudes. '
Positioil == 6? 5 5' rep Vf Obs. | DifF. = i" 9' 1
Distance= 3".325 j 5 Obs. | DifF. = ©".456 > * * ' *
Observed when on the meridian ; stars tolerably well defined, but unsteady.
Passy; May 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8^ and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 6° 34' »p I 7 Obs. Diff. = 0° 51' ) ,;. ^ .
Distance = 3".289 ^ | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".i8i j ^ery unsteady.
Stars one hour west of the meridian ; at times tolerably well defined.
Mean Result.
Position 6° 53' np (28 Obs.) ; Distance 3".263 (20 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.32.
These observations confirm the motion attributed to the
stars of y Virginis, and point out an acceleration in it, even
more strongly than has been insisted upon in a former paper.
This will appear by assembling all the observations with
their epochs, as follows :
and positions of 36 double and triple stars, &c. 335
No. XIII. R. A. ifiJ^ 32°' ; Decl. 0° 27' S.
y Virginis; III. 18; H. andS. 150.
continued.
Epoch.
Position.
Interval.
Angle
described.
Angular velo-
city deduced.
1756.0
1781.9
1803.2
1820.2
1822.3
1825.3
54.4 np
40.7
30.3
15.3
13.4
6.9
25.9
21.3
17.0
2.1
3.0
13.7
10.4
15-0
1.9
6.5
0.528
0.490
0.882
0.905
— 2.167
This star therefore ought to be narrowly watched, as it
should seem that the two component staVs are mutually
approaching to their perihelion, or at least to their situation
of maximum angular velocity. (H.)
No. XIV. R. A. 12*' 32"^ ; Decl. 12^ 1' S.
58 (Bode) Corvi ; 145. 38 ; H. and S. 149.
Double ; equal ; each of the 8th magnitude.
Passy ; April 11, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 3 10 23' np or sf\s Obs. I Diff. = 2° 3' 7 Tjn.teadv
Distance = 6". 2^ \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".264 ; Unsteady.
Passy; April 12, 1825 ; Seven -feet Equatorial.
8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 31° 32' np I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 47' 7 Unsteadv
Distance = s .910 | 5 Obs. | DiflF. = o".288 } '^"steady.
Mean Result.
Position 31° 27' np or sf{io Obs.) ; Distance 6".077 (lo Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.28.
When this star was measured, I was not aware that olBser-
vations of it by Mr. Herschel and myself had been commu-
nicated to the Royal Society. Our joint result was.
Position 29« 26' 5/; Distance 6''.88i; Epoch 1823. Si.
336 Mr. South's re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XV. R. A. 14^ 37" ; Decl. 27° 51' N.
£ Bootis ; I. 1 ; H. andS. 185.
Double ; 2nd and 9th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; June 18, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 55** 25' np \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = 2** 45'. Very satisfactory.
Observations made by strong twilight, without artificial illumination of the wires.
The evening remarkably favourable j stars extremely steady, and distant from ths
meridian 20 minutes.
Passy ; May 27, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
2nd and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 55° 58' np [ 7 Obs. DifF. = 3° 19' )
Distance = 3".7 1 3 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".so5 ) • • • •
Passy ; May 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 55° 30' «j9 I 7 Obs. | DifF. = 3° 4. Rather difficult.
Observations of distance impracticable, on account of the unsteadiness of the stars.
Passy; June 1,1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
2nd and 9th magnitudes.
Position := 53° 40' nj9 I 7 Obs.
Distance = S"'S^S I 5 O^s.
DifF. = i°42' ) ^-a: ,,
Stars tolerably well defined, and on the meridian, but are very unsteady.
Passy ; June 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
2nd and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 54° 58' wp I 7 Obs. I Difi^. = 2° 26' ^ <,. .
Distance = 3".368 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".505 S ^^^^^y*
Passy ; June 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
2nd and 9th magnitudes.
Position =53° 28' np
Position 1= 53** 17' np
Distance rz 3".oo7
7 Obs. I DifF. z= 2° 52' 1 Observed with 181.
7 Obs. DifF. = 2° 23' > 327.
5 Obs. I DifF. = o".336 3 181.
Stars admirably defined. I never observed this difficult double star under more
favourable circumstances : the results are entitled to very considerable confidence :
the observations were procured when the star was a few minutes on either side of
the meridian.
and positions of 36 double and triple stars y &c. 337
No. XV. R. A. 14^ 37°^ ; Decl. 27° 51' N.
g Bootis ; I. 1 ; H. and S. 185.
continued.
Passy ; June 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
2nd and 9th magnitudes.
Position — 53° 3S' np
Distance = 3". 126
7 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 2° 36' \ Rather difficult.
Diff. = o".;2g( Difficult.
= 2° 36'^
Observed with 181 ; stars on the meridian and well defined, but are not steady.
Mean Result.
Position 55** ^5'np (5 Obs.); Epoch 1824.47 ;
Position 54° 21' np (49 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825,43 ;
Distance 3".356 (25 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.44.
Taking the means of the above angles and epochs, allow-
ing each a weight proportional to the number of measures
on which it rests, we get for the mean Epoch 1825.34 the
angle of position 54° 26' np. This, compared with the
measures of 1822, gives +1° 27' for the observed motion
in the interval of 2.79 years. The motion computed on a
supposition of -f- o°.4378 per annum assigned in a former
paper, should be + 1° 14', differing insensibly from that
actually found by observation. The motion of this star is
therefore very satisfactorily confirmed both in direction and
quantity ; and when we reflect on the extreme difficulty of
it (in respect of position), this will serve to give great confi-*
dence in results which depend on a great number of mea-
sures, however wide of the mark individual measures may
be. (H.)
MPCCCXXVI. XX
338 Mr. South's re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XVI. R. A. 14^ 43™ ; Decl. 19° 51' N.
I Bootis ; II. 18 ; H. and S. 187.
Double ; 6th and 8th magnitudes.
Passy ; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 66° 22' np
Distance = 7".668
7 Obs.
6 0bs.
'. — d'.jzi ] ^^^ unsteady.
DifF. = I
DifF.
Observed when 40 minutes east of the meridian.
Passy ; May 27, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =: 68° i6' n/) I 7 Obs.
Distances 7*.8 1 4 | 5 Obs.
Observed on the meridian ; but the night is unfavourable.
DifF.= i°54' Kt ^ J
DifF. = o".673|U"^teady.
Passy ; May 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 8th magnitudes.
5 Obs! I Diff:= o''.48i } Very unsteady.
Position = 67° z' np
Distance = 7"-949
Observed on the meridian.
Passy ; June 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6\ and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 66° ib' np\j Obs. I Diff. = 2° 3' ) ^t <■ a
Distance = 7".672 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".889 ] "^nsteaay.
Observed with 181 ; stars on the meridian, and at times well defined ; a power of
413 showed the larger of the two stars as round as possible.
Mean Result.
Position 67° o' np\ Distance 7^.776; Epoch 1825.37.
In the former communication (Phil. Tran. 1824. III.) it
is remarked that the continuance or decrease of the then
angular velocity of about 1° per annum for a few years,
would decide the question of rectilinear or orbitual motion.
The present observations, then, go a great way towards de-
ciding this interesting question, as, so far from indicating
any retardation, their tendency hes the other way. In fact,
(supposing them free from error), no less than — 3° 54' have
been described in 2.74 years, being at the rate of — i".42o
per annum. This star therefore merits peculiar attention, as
the great variation of its distance gives reason to suppose a
great eUipticity, or considerable inclination of its orbit. (H.)
. and positions of 36 double and triple stars ^ ^c. 339
No. XVII. R. A. 15^ IS'" ; Decl. 38^ 1' N.
sf fi Bootis ; I. 17 ; H. and S. 203.
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes.
Passy ; June 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 64° 14' np \ 7 Obs. | DifF. = 1° 29' [ Difficult.
Observed when on the meridian with 327 : I could not obtain any measures of
distance, on account of the extreme unsteadiness of the stars.
Passy ; June 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 63° 32' «P I 7 Obs. DiiF. = 3° 9' \ niffi-nlt
Distance = i".396 I 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".43z J-^^^cuit.
Observed with 327, when on the meridian. Measures satisfactory.
Passy ; June 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and 10th magnitudes.
DifF. =3° 39'
DifF. = o''.4o8
I Easy.
Position r= 63° z^'np I 7 Obs.
Distance r= i"-377 | 5 Obs.
Observed with 327 : stars well defined, and 35 minutes east of the meridian.
Passy ; June 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9^ magnitudes.
Position = 63° 25' np I 7 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 11' J ,, ^ A-oi. 1*
Distances As73 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".3i2} ^^^ ^^<^"^*-
Stars on the meridian, and admirably defined. Measures obtained with 327, and
considered very satisfactory.
Passy ; June 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 63° 7' np\7 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 30' > r>;n;^„,.
Distance = i".339 | 5 Obs. j Diff. =o".3365 ^^"icuit.
Observed with 327 ; stars on the meridian, but very unsteady.
Mean Result.
Position 6s° S^'np^ss Obs.) ; Distance i".42i (20 Obs.);
Epoch 1835.45.
These measures, compared w^ith those of 1823, give a
motion of only —0° 10' instead of — 1° &, which calculation
340 Mr, South's re^examination of the apparent distances
No. XVII. R. A. 15^ 18™ ; Decl. 38*^ I'N.
^/jtcBootis; I. 17; H. andS. 203.
continued.
would assign. The direction however is right ; and as the
errors required to produce this discrepancy would be very
small, we may combine both series of observations for a mean
epoch, which will give.
Epoch 1824.61 ; Position 63° SG> up.
Difference of Declination of /x Bootis and of the larger of the
two stars forming the close double star which is sf it,
Passy ; June 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Difference of declin. = i' 47". 3 14 | 6 Obs. | Diff. = o".793.
Observed when on the meridian with 327 ; but the stars very unsteady.
Passy ; June 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Difference of declin. = \' ^y",ig^ | 7 Obs. | Diff. = i".io6.
Observed on the meridian with 327 ; the stars very unsteady.
Passy ; July 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Difference of declin. == i' 47'.6io | 7 Obs. | Diff. r:o".336.
Observed on the meridian with 181, which power during twilight completely
separates the two stars of the close double star. Observed without artificial illu-
mination of the micrometer wires ; stars very steady ; measures satisfactory.
Mean Result.
Difference of Declination i'47"-S77(2oObs.); Epoch 1825.48.
The mean of 12 observations taken July 9, 1823, with the
Five-feet Equatorial, was 1' 46^.962, differing only 0^.415
from the present determination.
and positions of 36 double and triple stars, &c. 34 1
No. XVIII. R. A. 15^^ eS"- ; Decl. 11° 9' N.
S Serpentis ; I. 42 ; H. and S. 205.
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes.
Passy ; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 74° s' sp 7 Obs. i DifF. rr 2** 22' ) Unsteady, and ill
Distance = 3".287 5 Obs. J Diff. = o".3845 defined.
Observed with 413, when 20 minutes east of the meridian.
Passy ; June 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 70° 41' sp | 7 Obs. ) DifF.=3° 4'. Rather diiEcult.
Observed on the meridian ; but the stars are so extremely unsteady, that to obtain
measures of distance is impracticable.
Passy ; June 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8 th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 68° 32' sp I 7 Obs.
Distance = 3^325 j 5 Obs.
Observed with 327 on the meridian. Night rather favourable.
Passy; June 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Small, decidedly light blue.
SI ;o°.So's} Tolerably steady.
Position = 70° 53' sp
Distance = 3".39o
7 Obs. Diff. = 0034' I With ,81.
5 Obs. Diff. =0.3603
I.
Observed on the meridian ; stars rather unsteady.
Passy ; June 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 69<' 35' sp 7 Obs. 1 Diff. = z° 10' ) xxr't^u tC
Distance = 3".268 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".2i65 ^"" ***
Passy ; June 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 69® 23' sp I 7 Obs.
Distance =: ^".ojz \ 5 Obs.
211= S.?6}R^*er steady.
Observed with 327 on the meridian. Night tolerably favourable.
Mean Result.
Position 69° 49' sp (35 Obs.); Epoch 1825.46.
Distance 3^268 (25 Obs.); Epoch 1825.42.
In taking the mean, the position observed April 3 is rejected.
342 Mr. South's re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XVIII. R. A. 15^ 26"^ ; Decl. ii° 9' N.
^ Serpentis ; I. 42 ; H. and S. 205.
continued.
Either there is a considerable error in these or the mea-
sures of 1821, or the result is unfavourable to the motion
assigned to this star, as, instead of advancing 3° in its appa-
rent orbit, it seems actually to have receded nearly 50'.
Further observations must elucidate this difficulty. (H.)
No. XIX. R. A. 15*^ 54°^; Decl. 10° 52' S.
0 Scorpii ; I. 33 and II. 20 ; H. and S. 216.
Double ; 6th and 9th, or 10th magnitudes ; small, decidedly
blue.
Passy ; June 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 12° 36' «/ 7 Obs. DifF. = i° 37' ^ ^t . j
Distance = 7".290 5 Obs. DiflF. = o".745 J ^^^teady.
Observed on the meridian with 181.
Passy; June 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position =: 14° 27' n/ 7 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 14' ) tt . j
Distance =6^946 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".6j3 } ^"5^^^^^
Observed with i8i ; stars on the meridian.
Passy; June 17, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 9th magnitudes.
Position == 13° 59' nf 7 Obs. Diff. = 1° 52' ) Unsteady, but well
Distance = 6".975
5 Obs.
Diff. =: o".24o 3 defined.
Observed on the meridian with 181.
Passy ; June 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 9th magnitudes.
Position =12° 27' nf | 7 Obs. | Diff. = 2° 23'. Tolerably steady.
Observed by Mons'. Arago on the meridian, with a power of 181.
Mean Result,
Position 13° ^^ nj\ Distance 7".o7o; Epoch 1825.46.
and positions of $6 double and triple stars ^ ^c, 343
No. XIX. R. A. 15^ 6^ ; DecL 10° 52' S.
I Scorpii ; I. SS and II. 20 ; H. and S. 216.
continued. *
Triple ; A and B equal ; each of the 7th magnitude ;
C of the 9th.
Measures of the close pair A B.
Passy ; June 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =: 84° 43' sfor np \ 5 Obs. j DifF, = 2" 3'. Unsteady.
In the former communication | Scorpii was only observed
as a double star ; Sir W. Herschel however having described
it as triple, I have examined it several times with reference to
this point ; but the extreme unsteadiness of the stars, parti-
cularly those of low altitudes, during several weeks past, has
precluded the use of high magnifying powers. This even-
ing the stars being more tranquil, a power of 327 was applied,
and an elongation of the large star was at times suspected :
413 confirmed the suspicion, but was inadequate to separate the
two stars. The angles here given were obtained with 513,
with which the discs of the stars seemed in contact ; but their
extreme unsteadiness under this magnifying power rendered
all attempts to procure measures of distance abortive ; and the
position, from this circumstance, must be regarded with some
distrust. The stars have the same colour, and were observed
on the meridian.
Passy ; June 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Each of the 7th magnitude.
Position = 81° 48' np ov sf\ 5 Obs. | DifF. = 6° 22'. Extremely difficult.
Three of the angles were gotten with 512, the other two with 413. The extreme
unsteadiness of the stars rendered the observations so unsatisfactory, that I consider
them as little else than approximations. Observed on the meridian.
344 Mr. South's re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XIX. R. A. 15' 54™; Decl. 10^52 S.
2 Scorpii ; I. 33 and II. 20 ; H. andS. 21^.
continued.
Measures of the close pair A B.
Passy ; June 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 7th magnitudes.
Position = 80° 14'*/
Distance r= i'.o'^z
7 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 58' ) „ ^ , ,._ ,,
6 Obs. Diff. = o"lu \ Extremely difficult.
•4323
Observed on the meridian with 413 ; stars unsteady; yet I never saw them so well
defined.
Passy ; June 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 6| magnitudes.
Position = 8/2° 26' sf | 7 Obs.
Distance = i".272 | 5 Obs.
Sff:i;"/j; }!>»-'•
Observed on the meridian with 413 ; stars perfectly round : a black division be-
tween them seen distinctly. The measures 1 consider good, and were gotten with
less difficulty than either of the preceding sets. Evening very favourable ; stars
unusually steady.
Passy ; June 30, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 7i magnitudes.
Position r: 82° 57' sf\ 7 Obs. [ DifF. = 3<^ lo'. Extremely difficult.
Observed when a few minutes east of the meridian with 413 ; stars at times well
defined : light clouds and extreme unsteadiness, render it impossible for me to
procure measures of distance, nor can any observations of A, or B, with the more
distant star C, be obtained.
Passy ; July 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 7? magnitudes.
Position = 82° 48' sf\ 7 Obs. DifF. = 3° 21' > tt ^ ,
' Distance =i".678 | 5 Obs. DiiF. =0". 192} Unsteady.
Observed with 413, when 5 minutes east of the meridian; angles very difficult ;
distances extremely difficult.
Passy; July 4, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 79° 33' sf\ 7 Obs. I DifF. = 3° 45' \ unsteadv
Distance = i".394 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".24o j ^^"^^ unsteady.
Observed when 10 minutes west of the meridian with a power of 413 ; measures
very difficult.
and positions of 36 double and triple stars y &c. 345
No. XIX. R. A. 15^ 54" ; Decl. 10° 52' S.
J Scorpii; I. 33 and II. 20 ; H. andS. 216.
continued.
Measures of the close pair A B.
Passy; July 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 85 magnitudes.
Position = 81° 34' sf 7 Obs. I Diff. = 5;, 13' \ Very unsteady.
Distance =: I '.477 5 Obs. [ Diff. = 0.1923 ^ '
Observed by twilight with 413, when 15 minutes east of the meridian. Measures
very difficult.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; June 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Positions 90 3^/ „f j 7 Obs. Diff.= 2° 19' ) Very difficult.
Distances: 7 .043 5 Obs. Diff.= 0.168) '
Observed with 413 ; but the measures are very difficult, because the distant blue
star C does not bear so high a magnifying power ; indeed it is so very indistinct*
that it is seen only with great attention.
Passy ; June 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 8° i' n/ 1 7 Obs. j DifF. = 1° 8'. Remarkably steady.
Observed when 10 minutes west of the meridian with 413 ; the measures are dif-
ficult, because the star C is extremely indistinct with this power. 1 think the
measures very good,
Passy ; July 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10| magnitudes.
Position =0° ly'nf] 7 Obs. DifF. = 1" 47' ) t7 ^ , j-a:^ 1..
Distance = 6".857 ^^ | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".769l Extremely difficult.
Observed when 10 minutes west of the meridian with 327, with which the discs
of the two stars A and B seemed in contact : variable refraction prevented mc
using a higher power : the stars were at times well defined.
Passy ; July 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 8° 49' nf | 7 Obs. { Diff. = 2° o'. Rather unsteady.
Observed by twilight with 181, which sufficiently separated the two discs of the
close pair A B ; stars 20 minutes east of the meridian at the time the measures
were taken.
MDCCCXXVi. yy
346 Mr. SouTH*s re'examination of the apparent distances
No. XIX. R. A. 15*^ 54"^ ; Decl. io° 52' S.
J Scorpii ; I. S3 and II. 20 ; H. and S. 216.
continued.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; July 8, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = fzy' nf 7 Obs. j Diff. = 1° 24' 1 y ^j^ j
Distance = 6".gBi 5 Obs. | Diff. =z o .505 > '
Observed with 413. Stars at times well defined, but very unsteady.
Passy ; June 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Measures of B C.
6 J and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 17* 25' nf\ 7 Obs. J DifF. = 4° 15'. Very difficult.
Observed when 20 minutes west of the meridian with 41 3 ; the position of B C is
outained with more difficulty than that of A C ; and perhaps on this account the
observations of the latter are scarcely so much to be relied upon, as those of the
former.
Passy ; July 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
74 and lOj magnitudes.
Position = 18° 16' n/ 1 7 Obs. | DifF. = 2° 10'. Extremely difficult.
Observed on the meridian with 327 ; stars very unsteady.
Passy ; July 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8| and 10th magnitudes.
Position =: 17* 53' «/ 1 7 Obs. ] DifF. = 4" 59'. Very difficult.
Observed with 327 when on the meridian; stars extremely unsteady.
Passy ; July 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 16° 28' nf \ 7 Obs. | DifF. = 1° 25'. Very difficult.
Observed when 10 minutes west of the meridian; stars very unsteady.
and positions of 36 double and triple stars ^ &c. 347
No. XIX. R. A. 15^ 54™ ; Decl. 10° 52' S.
I Scorpii ; I. 33 and II. 20 ; H. and S. 216.
continued.
Mean Result.
C Position 81** 54' sf (52 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.49 ;
°*^'^' (Distance i".s58 (26 Obs.); Epoch 1825.50.
of A C. Position 9° 3'nf(s5 Obs.); Distance 6".96i (15 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.50.
of BC. Position 17** 30' w/(28 Obs.); Epoch 1825.51.
The observations of A C when seen only as a double star, are
not included in the mean result.
Not the slightest alteration appears to have taken place in
the relative position or distance of the close stars. The
angle measured by Sir W. Herschel in 1782 was 82° 2' 5/,
differing only 6' from the present ; while the interval, esti-
mated at ^ or -J of a diameter, would correspond to a distance
of about if. (H.)
No. XX. R. A. 16^ 4" ; Decl. 14° 1' N.
49 Serpentis ; I. 82 ; H. and S. 221,
Double ; 8th and 8|- magnitudes,
Passy ; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 48° 38' np
Distance z= 3".734
7 Obs. DifF. = 4° 0' 7 ^, , . .
5 Obs. DifF. = J'.36o 1 Observed with 41 3.
Stars at times well defined, but unsteady.
Passy ; June 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8| magnitudes.
DifF.=:o".336jU"^*"^^y'
Position = 47<> 43' np I 7 Obs.
Distance = 3". 330 | 5 Obs.
Observed on the meridian with 327 j pretty well defined.
Passy; June 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8 J magnitudes.
Position = 47° 30'np\7 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 29' | Unsteadv
Distance = 3".44o | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".244 \ "^^steaqy,
Observed when on the meridian with i8i j tolerably good measurer.
348 Mr. South' s re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XX. R. A. 16^ 4" ; Decl. 14° 1' N.
49 Serpentis ; I. 82 ; H. and S. 221.
continued.
,^ ^JPassy; June 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
. \ 8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 48° s^'np\7 Obs. I DifF. = i° 28' 7 Tolerably steady
Distance = 3".soo | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".s29 j ^ oieramy steady.
Observed on the meridian with 181 ; results satisfactory.
Mean Result.
Position 48° 10' np (20 Obs.); Distance 3".5oi (20 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.41.
The change in this star since the last observations is such
as to confirm the direction of its motion ; but the quantity is
more than calculation w^ould give, amounting to no less than
6° 13', instead of 1° 6'. This renders it probable that the
measures of 1823 are erroneous,* and that Mr. Struve's
measure in 1820 (46'* ss* np) is entitled to greater confi-
dence. The former rest on the observations of one night ;
and long experience has now shown, that this can never be
fully depended on. (H.)
No. XXI. R. A. 16^ 8°^ ; Decl. 34** 20' N.
.• r. ii;:, <r Coronse ; I. 3 ; H. and S. 222.
Double ; 6th and 8th magnitudes.
Passy ; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 12° 18' ra/ 1 5 Obs. | Diff. = 6° lo'. Extremely difficult.
The small star only seen by glimpses. In the accuracy of the results I have no
confidence. Observations of distance impracticable.
• On referring to our original manuscripts, this suggestion offered by Mr.
Herschel is corroborated ; for on the 19th June, 1822, the star was measured by
one of us, in the absence of the other, and under very favourable circumstances,
the mean of eight measures (the extremes of which differed only 1° 22') gave.
Position" 45° 33' np. As however the observations subsequently made, were so
much at variance with them, it was thought advisable to give the preference to our
joint result, and to suppress the other. Sloane-street, March 11, 1826.
and positions of s6 double and triple stars ^ &c. 349
No. XXI. R. A. 16^ 8« ; Decl. S4° 20' N.
0- Coronae ; I. s ; H. and S. 22^.
continued.
Passy ; June 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 1 3° 1 5' n/
Distance := i".484
^nl'' n-^- = ^^^'.! Difficult-
5 Obs. Diff. zz o".2i6)
Observed on the meridian with 413 ; stars neatly separated, but not very steady;
measures taken with great care, and are considered very good.
Passy ; June 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6| and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 12° 45' nf\ 7 Obs. \ Diff. = 3° 35'. Very difficult.
Observed with 413, when on the meridian; but the stars are so unsteady, that I
cannot obtain any measures of distance.
Passy ; June 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 8th magnitudes.
The small star certainly not blue ; it differs very httle from the large star in
colour.
Position = 12° 49' nf j 7 Obs. j Diff. = 1° 58'. Very difficult.
Observed with 413 ; stars at times well defined, and are on the meridian; but their
unsteadiness prevents me obtaining measures of distance.
Passy ; June 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 11° 30' nf\ 7 Obs. I Diff. = 3<» 28' ) ,, « ^:ffl^„u
Distance = i".296 "^ | 5 Obs. j Diff = o".2i6l ^^^ ^'^^^l^'
Observed on the meridian with 413, but the stars are very unsteady.
Passy ; July 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8th magnitudes.
Diff! =o-J|6} Tolerably steady.
Position =12° 17' nf I 7 Obs.
Distance zz i".6$g \ 5 Obs.
Observed with 413, when 25 minutes west of the meridian.
350 Mr, South's re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XXI. R. A. 16^ 8" ; Decl. 34'' 2o' N.
(T Coronae ; I. 3 ; H. and S. 222.
continued.
Triple ; A 6th, B 8th, and C of the 15th or 20th magnitudes.
Measures of A C.
Phssy ; July 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 1° 17' «/ 1 5 Obs. I DifF. = i° lo' ) <,. ,
Distance = 4o".949 | 3 Obs. | Diff. = o".889 5 ^^^^"^V-
Observed with 92 ; with a higher power I cannot distinguish the small star : the
measures are so excessively difficult, that a slight error may be suspected. I have
seen the small star before, but hitherto could not procure measures of it.
Passy ; July 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 15 th magnitudes.
Position =0° 1' sf
Distance = 44".oi5
5 Obs.
2 Obs.
Diff. = ■''40' I steady.
DiiF. = o-.ss3
The small star is so extremely faint, that the observations are attended with the
greatest difficulty. Observed with 92 j the results are very suspicious j indeed they
are little else than approximations.
Mean Result,
{Position 12° 29' w/(40 Obs.); Epoch 1825.44;
Distance 1^.480 (15 Obs.); Epoch 1825.49.
{Position 0° S9' sf (10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.53 ;
Distance 42".i75 (5 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.53.
The rotatory motion of this star continues in the direction
previously assigned. The observations of 1821, 1823, and
1825, stand as foUov^ :
of AB.
of AC.
Intervals.
Arcs
described.
Angular
velocities.
1821.30
1823.47
1825.44
24° 45' nf
17 4 nf
12 29 nf
2.17 years.
1.97
+ 7° 41'
+ 4 35
+ 3°.548
+ 2°.334
and positions 0/36 double and triple stars , &c, 351
No. XXI. R. A. 16^ 8» ; Decl. 34° 20' N.
<r Coronse ; L 3 ; H. and S. 222.
continued.
The mean angular velocity corresponding to the whole
interval is + 2^.964 — say 3°. The great and almost sudden
increase of angular velocity from 2° to nearly 7° per annum,
is not verified ; and the angle 40'' o' nf for 1819, on which
it rests, must of necessity have been considerably in error.
Now this is the very angle which, according to the table
(p. 252, Phil. Trans. 1824. III.) gives a deviation of 9*2'
from the computed place, so that the hypothesis there assumed
respecting the orbit is considerably supported by the present
observations. (H.)
No. XXII. R. A: 16^ SB'^ ; Decl. 31° 56^ N.
5" Herculis ; I. 36 ; H. and S. 237.
Passy ; July 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
The evening being very favourable, I examined this star
very attentively with the magnifying powers iSi, 327, 413,
512, and 787; not the shghtest appearance either of a
second star, or of any elongation of f : with 787 it was ex-
quisitely defined, and as round as possible.
No. XXIII. R. A. 17^^ 3" ; Decl. 54° 43' N.
ji6 Draconis ; II. 13 ; H. and S. 242.
Double ; equal ; each of the 8th magnitude,
Passy ; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Distance = 4''.47o | 5 Obs. | Diff.= d'.^zg. Unsteady.
Observed with 413, when i\ hour east of the meridian; half the object-glass
rendered useless by the intervention of the timbers of the observatory.
SS^ Mr, South' s re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XXIII. R. A. 17^ 3" ; Decl. 54° 43' N.
[A Draconis ; II. 13 ; H. and S. 242.
continued.
Position = 60° 46' sp ornf] 7 Obs.
Distance =4".45 3 | 5 Obs.
Passy ; Jane 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each 8th magnitude.
Observed when 50 minutes east of the meridian ; only half ot the object-glass is
employed, on account of the interference of the observatory timbers. The stars
however are sufficiently bright, to bear all the illumination the lamp affords, and
are tolerably well defined.
Passy ; June 30, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each S| magnitude.
^Sc" : t'°4f " "'"^ll o':: I SI : ^-4 } ^"'-"^ "-"^
Observed with i8i,when 45 minutes east of the meridian; more than half of the
object-glass not in use, from the cause before adverted to. The results I consider
very good.
Passy ; July 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each 7 J magnitude.
Position = 59° li^'spornf
Distances: 4".39o
7 Obs. DiiF. = 2° 5' ) c^ .
5 Obs. DifF. = o".S77 5 Steady.
Observed when 50 minutes east of the meridian ; one-half of the object-glass
covered by the timbers of the building.
Passy ; July 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each 8th magnitude.
Position = 61° 21' sp or nf\ 7 Obs. 1 DifF. r= 1° 37' 7 ,;r ^ .
Distance ;=3".835 | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".288 J ^^^^ ^^^^"^y-
Observed when 40 minutes east of the meridian ; more than half the object-gla$»
unemployed.
Passy; July 18, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each 8| magnitude.
Position s= 62* 5' «/> or njT
Distance = 4".578
7 Obs.
5 Obs.
cilio-jy Tolerably steady.
Observed when 45 minutes east of the meridian ; more than half of the object-glass
is rendered useless by the interference of the observatory timbers.
and positions of sQ double and triple stars y^c» 35S
No. XXIII. R. A. 17^ 3" ; Decl. 54° 43' N.
/t* Draconis; II. 13 ; H. and S. 242.
continued.
Mean Result,
Position 61° 2' sp or nf (ss Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.252 ;
Distance 4*.330 (30 Obs.j ; Epoch 1825.47.
The position of this star, as determined for the mean epoch
1820.97, is 6o°.29, or 60° 18' sp or nf (Phil. Trans. 1824,
III. p. 271.) It is now 61° 2'. The change in 4.55 years is
— 0° 44', instead of — 2° 36' y which a computation founded
on a mean motion of — o*'.5792 per annum would give. The
determination for 1820 can however hardly be relied on for
so great a degree of exactness as to bring out a precise
quantity. The correspondence in direction is all we can ex-
pect, and is a satisfactory confirmation of the motion ascribed
to this curious star. (H. )
No. XXIV. R. A. 1 7*^ 4"^ ; Decl. 26° 18' S.
36 Ophiuchi ; H. and S. 243.
Triple ; A 6i, B 7th, and C 9th magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
6^ and 7th magnitudes.
Blackman-street ; June 28, 1824; Five-feet Equatorial.
Position = 410 19' sp \ 5 Obs. [ Diff. = !<> 34'. Tolerably steady.
Blackman-street ; July 12, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
6'th and 6^ magnitudes.
Position = 41° 58' sp 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 31' ) „ .
Distance = 5*. 195 5 Obs. ) DifF. = o".885 j Unsteady.
Passy ; June 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6| and 7th magnitudes.
Distance = 5'.26o [ 5 Obs. | Diff. = o*.505. Very unsteady.
MDCCCXXVI. Z Z
354 Mr. South' s re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XXIV. R. A. 17^ 4™ ; Decl. 26' 18' S.
36 Ophiuchi ; H. and S. 243.
continued.
Passy ; July 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6^ and 7th magnitudes.
Distance tz s".i4S | 5 Obs. { Diff. = o".48i. Very unsteady.
Passy ; July 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Gl and 7th magnitudes.
Position = 41° 18' « j9 I 5 Obs. \ Diff. = 2^ 30'. Tolerably steady.
Measures of A C.
Blackman-sti'eet ; July 12, 1824 ; Five-feet Equatorial.
6th and 9th magnitudes.
Position zr i6° 6' np
Distance = 3' 1 4^^444
3 Obs.
3 Obs.
Diff. = 0° 30' ) TT * J
Diff=i".863lU"^*^^^y-
Passy ; July 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Position = 16^ X* np I 4 Obs. I Diff. =0° 30' ) ,. ^ _ , , ,
Distance = 3' ^6' .235 \ Obs. | Diff. =: o".6oi \ Extremely unsteady.
Passy ; July 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and Qth magnitudes.
Distance = 3' i4".924 | 7 Obs. \ Diff. = 2".236. Night become unfavourable.
Passy ; July 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9 J magnitudes.
Position =15° 56' np 1 5 Obs.
Distance = 3' is".547 \ 6 Obs.
Diff. =0054' \ ^r * J
Diff.=:o".288iV^^""^*^^^y-
Passy ; July 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Difference of declination := 54".8o2 | lo Obs. j Diff. = z"»TiT-
Observed when 3 minutes east and west of the meridian ; stars not steady.
Passy; August 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Difference of declination z^55".632 j lo Obs. J Diff. = i".75S.
Observed on the meridian ; stars tolerably steady.
Passy ; August 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Difference of declination = 55".855 | 10 Obs. ) Diff. = i".563.
Observed when 5 minutes east and west of the meridian; stars very unsteady, and
C very faint.
and positions of 36 double and triple stars, &c. 355
No. XXIV. R. A. 17^ 4" ; Decl. q^ 18' S.
36 Ophiuchi ; H. and S. 243.
continued.
Measures of B C.
Pftssy; July 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
74 and 9th magnitudes.
Position =: 17° ^2' np \ 3 Obs. | DifF. = o^ 19'. Very faint.
Night now so cloudy, that no more observations can be procured.
Passy ; July 13, 1825 : Seven-feet Equatorial.
7f and 9th magnitudes.
Position =1 1 7° 42' 74 p
Distance = 3' I3".6i8
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 0° 21' I ,r ^ ,
Observed within a few minutes on either side of the meridian.
Passy ; July 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 17° ^i' np I 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = 0° 14' ) Unsteadv
Distance = 3' i2".75o c Obs. Diff. = o".50? 4 ^"steady.
Observed when a few minutes east and west of the meridian.
Passy ; July 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9^ magnitudes.
Distance = 3' I4".i33 j 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".84i. Extremely unsteady.
Observations taken when the stars were 15 minutes west of the meridian.
Passy ; July 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 9th m^nitudes.
Distance =: 3' 14". 159 | 6 Obs. | Diff. = o".962. On the meridian.
Stars so extremely unsteady, that I could not use a higher power than 157.
Mean Result.
r Ar> i Position 41° 32' sp (15 Obs.) ; Epoch 1824.86 ;
of Ab. j^£)istance 5".2oo(i5 Obs.); Epoch 1825.17.
of AC. Position 16° 1' np (12 Obs.); Epoch 1825.19 ;
Distance 3' 15".252 (19 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.27.
fRP {Position 17° 41' «/> (10 Obs.); Epoch 1825.53 ;
ot 15 U |j)igtaj^ce 3' 13".689 (21 Obs.); Epoch 1825.54.
of A C. Difference of declination 55".430 (30 Obs) ;
Epoch 1825.59.
356 Mr. South's re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XXIV. R. A. 17' 4- ; Decl. 26° 18' S.
36 Ophiuchi ; H. and S. 243.
continued.
Our former measures gave,
of AB. Position 42° 41' sp or nf; Distance 5". 546 ;
of the distant star C. Position 19° 5' np ; Distance 3' o*735.
The position of C was taken relatively to the star B, and is
not materially in error; the distance however is decidedly
wrong, and must have arisen from erroneous reading of the
micrometer.
Observations to connect the star A, or the northern of the two stars
of 36 Ophiuchi, with the star 30 Scorpii.
Passy ; July 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position =
Distance = i
14° 25'»/; single measure. \ Unsteadv
12' 7".940 I 2 Obs. I DifF. = i".o82 5 ^J^steady.
Observed with 157, when 15 minutes east of the meridian; some slight inaccu-
racy may be apprehended, as the wires when separated to so great a distance are not
quite free from parallax.
Passy ; July 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 14° 27' nf I 5 Obs.
Distance = 12' 5". 590 | 5 Obs.
^iff: = 2''.ofQ| Tolerably steady.
Diff. = 2".oi95
Observed with a power of 92, when within 5 minutes on either side of the meridian
Passy ; July 28, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 14° 28' nf I 5 Obs. Diff. = 0° 12 | ^,. ,
Distance = 12' 4".20i | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".84i ] ^^^^"^V-
Observed on the meridian, but the distance is too great for accuracy.
Passy ; August 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Distance = 12' 5".48o | 7 Obs. [ DifF. = i".875. Tolerably steady.
Observed when 10 minutes west of the meridian with 92.
Mean Result.
Position 14" ^1' nf'. Distance 12' 5".i36; Epoch 1825.57.
In taking the mean, the distance observed July 21 is rejected.
and^ positions of 36 double and triple stars, &c. 357
No. XXIV. R. A. 17H" ; Decl. 26° 18' S.
36 Ophiuchi ; H. and S. 243.
continued.
Observations to connect the star A, or the northern of the two stars
of 36 Ophiuchi, with the star 30 Scorpii.
Passy ; July 8, 1825 ; Four-feet Transit Instrument.
Diflference of R. A. == o' 52" .40 (3 Obs.) Unsteady.
Passy ; July 13, 1825 ; Four-feet Transit Instrument.
Difference of R. A. =:©' $2"./^^ (4 Obs.) Unsteady.
Passy ; July 14, 1825 ; Four-feet Transit Instrument.
Difference of R. A. = o' 5 2".47 (4 Obs.) Unsteady.
Passy ; July 8, 1 825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
DiflFerence of declination — 3' i",438 db single observation. Become cloudy.
Passy ; July 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Difference of declination — 3' i".ogi (6 Obs.) Diff. = 1 '.683.
Observed on the meridian ; stars very unsteady. Barometer 30.05 inches ;
Thermometer 84°.
Passy ; July 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Difference of declination =: 3' i".745 (7 Obs.) Diff. := 3'''775«
Observed on the meridian ; the stars so extremely unsteady, that I could only use a
magnifying power of 157. Barometer 30.30 inches j thermometer 84°.
Passy ; July 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Difference of declination = 3' 2".\^z (6 Obs.) Diff. =: ^''.yij.
Observed on the meridian j stars extremely unsteady. Barometer 30.34 inches.
Thermometer 83°.
Mean Result.
Difference of Right Ascension (in time) o' 52^.444 (11 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.53.
Difference of Declination 3' 1^.653 (20 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.54^
358 Mr. South's re^examination of the apparent distances
No. XXIV. R. A. 17** 4" ; Decl. e^ i8' S.
36 Ophiuchi ; H. and S. 243.
continued.
Observations to connect the star A, or the northern of the two stars
of 36 Ophiuchi, with the star A, or the southern of the two stars
of s8 Ophiuchi.
Passy ; July 21, 1825 ; Four-feet Transit Instrument.
DiJfFerence of R. A. = 2' ii".78o (5 Obs.) Unsteady, and 38 very faint.
Passy ; July 23j 1825 ; Four-feet Transit Instrument.
Difference of R, A. c= 2' 1 1".925 (4 Obs.). Very unsteady, and 38 faint.
Passy ; July 25, 1825 ; Four-feet Transit Instrument.
Difference ofR.A. :^ 2',il".640 (5 Obs.) Tolerably steady.
Passy ; July 27, 1825 ; Four^feet Transit Instrument.
Difference of R. A. =2' ii".720 (5 Obs.) Tolerably steady.
Passy ; July 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Difference of declin. = 5' 25".o96 (4 Obs.) Very unsteady. Diff. = i''.Si^.
Not more than 6 minutes on each side of the meridian when observed. The
■ ; v.'iihi Barometer standing at 30.30 inches ; Thermometer 74°.5.
Passy ; July 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Difference of declination = 5' 24".o8i (5 Obs.) Diff. =4".o87.
Observed when within 'lo minutes on either .aide of the meridian j stars tolerably
steady.
Passy ; July 25, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Difference of declination = 5' 2^"./[.$g (5 Obs.) Diff. = i".467.
Stars tolerably steady ; and when observed not more than 10 minutes east and west
•of the meridian. Barometer 30.10 Inches; Thermometer 70".
Passy ; July 27, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Difference of declination z=. 5' 24". 004 (4 Obs.) Diff. = 2".^y6.
Observed when 8 minutes on either side of the meridian. Tolerably steady.
Mean Result,
Difference of Right Ascension (in time) 2' ii''.758 ( 19 Obs. ) ;
©ifFerence (Of Declination 5' 24".394 (18 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.56.
and positions of 36 double and triple stars, &c 359
No. XXIV. R. A. 17^ 4"^ ? Decl. 26° 18' S.
S6 Ophiuchi ; H. and S. 243.
continued.
In the former Paper the attention of astronomers was par-
ticularly directed to this star, on account of a considerable
proper motion which it was supposed to have, in common
with a very distant star 30 Scorpii ; and as the point is a very
interesting one, the preceding observations were made, with
a view of placing the matter beyond doubt : a few comments
upon them will perhaps be not without their use.
^A 38 Ophiuchi
•B
B
•A s6 Ophiuchi
• so Scorpii
In the above diagram, the close stars of A B of 36 Ophiuchi
are represented relatively to the star C, to 30 Scorpii, and
to A B of 38 Ophiuchi, as seen in the telescope ; C preceding
A of 36 to the north, and A of 38 following it to the south.
First, as it regards Declination.
If any proper motion of 36 exist in this direction, (supposing
the star C at rest) the effect of it will be to increase, or diminish
36o Mr. South' s re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XXIV. R. A. 17*^4'"; Decl. 26° 18' S.
36 Ophiuchi ; H. and S. 243.
continued,
the difference of declination of AC; and should A of 38 be
fixed, the difference of declination of A of 36, and A of 38,
will also be increased or diminished. By this mode of
observing we have two chances of detecting proper motion,
each of which will afford a verification of the other ; for suppose
the star A of S6 Ophiuchi to have a motion toward the south,
say at the rate of one second per annum, then will the dif-
ference of declination between it and the star C to the north
of it, be increased annually by one second ; but that which
increased the difference of declination between these two
stars, should diminish the difference of declination between
A of sQ, and A of 38 Ophiuchi ; and if our observations be
correct, the increase of difference on the one hand, should
be exactly equal to the decrease of it, on the other ; and vice
versa, should the proper motion of A of 36, carry it toward
the north.
Secondly, in Right Ascension.
Suppose the proper motion of A of 36 to be toward the
west annually one second, the result will be, to lessen the
difference of right ascension of it, and of the preceding star C,
and at the same time to augment the difference of right
ascension between A of 36, and A of 38 ; and, as before,
the decrease in the one instance, should be equalled by the
increase in the other ; and if the proper motion of A of
S6, take an easterly direction, it will be detected by conse-
quences opposite to those just described, but offering similar
verifications.
t^:i and positions 0/36 double and triple stars, &c. 361
^o..^;x:^lY. R. A. 17^^ 4" ; Decl. 26° 18' S,
36 0phiucni; H. and.3. 243.
continued.
In the case of 61 Cygni, by following a similar mode of
observing, (but using six stars of comparison instead of two,)
I satisfied myself in a very few monthsy of the enormous
proper motion of that extraordinary double star.
To those who may feel disposed thus to attack proper
motion, I would hint, how indispensable it is, that their Equa-
torial should be well clamped, and that they should wait
during the observations of difference of declination, till the
earth's diurnal motion bring each of the following stars,
opposite that part of the wire where the bisection of the first
star was made ; the results will then be charged with no
instrumental error, which it is in their power to avoid : the
observations also should be conducted as nearly on the meri-
dian as possible. '^'^ '
When the above was written, I was not aware that the.
star 38 Ophiuchi had been observed since the time of Flam-
steed ; on examining however Piazzi's catalogue, I find
that it stands there under the name of 3 1 Scarpa, and that its
place has been determined by 19 observations of that emi--
nent astronomer ; perhaps therefore some light may at the
present time, be thrown upon the subject under consideration ;^
but some corrections will be needed by our observations, to
render them comparable with those, to which we are alluding.
The star 36 Ophiuchi is composed of two stars of nearly
equal magnitudes, and distant from each other 5".2oo ; whe^i
ther Bradley's instruments showed it double, does not
appear; nor from Piazzi's catalogue, does it seem that he
saw it otherwise than as a single star ; hence it is fair to
MDCCCXXVI. 3 a
362 Mr. South's re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XXIV. R. A. 17^ 4" ; Decl. 26** i8' S.
36 Ophiuchi ; H. and S. 243.
continued.
suppose, that the star was by one and the other observed as
single ; our observations therefore must be corrected by half
the difference of declination, and by half the difference of
right ascension, which with the preceding distance, and
position 41° 32' will be i".724 in declination, and i".946 on
the parallel, equal to o".i47 of right ascension in time.
For the star 38 Ophiuchi no correction of this sort will be
required : its smaller star was certainly neither seen by
Bradley nor by Piazzi ; and its magnitude, even were it at
the time closer than it now is, would not sensibly alter the
apparent centre of the disc of A of 38.
But the differences of declination observed by us are un-
corrected for refraction : the necessary equations being
appHed, we get,
Diff. of decl. of A of 36 Ophiuchi & of 30 Scorpii 3' 2".403
&Aof 38 Ophiuchi 5' 25". 764;
and when the corrections to reduce these results to observa-
tions of the centre of the two stars of s6 Ophiuchi are
applied, the quantities become 3' 4^.127 and 5' 24*.o4o for
the differences of declination ; and for differences of right
ascension (in time) 5^" -591 and 2' ii".905 respectively.
, Now by Bessel's proper motion,* the difference of declina-
tion of 36 Ophiuchi and of 30 Scorpii, Epoch 1825.57, should
be 3' 4 '.930, differing with our determination only 8-tenths of
a second : hence in declination, the two stars have either the
same, or no proper motion.
But Bessel does not give the proper motion in right
ascension, for it appears that BRADLEY-f did not observe the
* Vide Fundam. Astronom. page 311
f In Bradley's published observations I have not met with any observed R. A.
of 30 Scorpii, nor have I found any observation of 38 Ophiuchi, in the manuscript
' and positions of s6 double and triple stars, &c. S^S
No. XXIV. R. A. 1 7^^ 4™ ; Decl. 26^ 1 8' S.
36 Ophiuchi ; H. and S. 243.
continued. H
transits of both stars ; Piazzi however, by a comparison of
his own observations with those of preceding astronomers,
assigns to them quantities, which for 1825.57 would give
difference of R. A. (in time) 52".5o, agreeing with our determina-
tion to 9-hundredths of a second ; hence also in R. A. as well
as in declination, they have, if any, the same proper motion.
If however the proper motions attributed to them be cor-
rect, and if 7ione be enjoyed by A of 38 Ophiuchi, the differ-
ence of declination between 36 and 38 should be 5' 23",o73,
differing not one second from our determination : and if the
proper motion in right ascension attributed to 36 be correct
(the star 38 being fixed), the difference of R. A. (in time) be-
tween them should be 2' 11". 76 orAy fourteen hundredths of a
second, at variance with our observations ; quantities which
may be very fairly attributed to errors of observation.
Hence it follows, that the two stars 36 Ophiuchi and
30 Scorpii, although distant from each other more than
12 minutes, are journeying together through space ; and that
the annual proper motions (i".0756 and i".ii55 toward the
south, and o".59 and o".58 toward the west), assigned to them,
are true.
From the above investigation we also learn, that the star
38 Ophiuchi has no sensible proper motion ; consequently
the observed increase of distance between it and the small
star,* if it exist, must probably be sought for, in some pecu-
liarity of the latter. -^
mass of his observations, (copied from the original possessed by the Unirersity of
Oxford,) by Gael Morris, and now in the library of the Royal Society : that any
observation of this illustrious Astronomer, " le Modele des Observateurs" of La
Place, and whose observations, (in the emphatic language of the same Philosopher)
constitute " I'^poque d'ou Ton doit partir maintenant, dans les recherches deli-
cates de la science," should be recorded only in perishing manuscript, is to be hoped
in these enlightened times, will not remain long an object of regret to Astronomers.
* Referred to in page 209,
364f Mr. South's re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XXV. R. A. 1 7^ 8- ; Decl. ss*' s' N.
^ Herculis ; V. i ; H. and S. 246.
Double ; 4th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; June 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 83° 26' sf\ j Obs. I DifF. = i° 25' 7 ^t . . j
Distance= z&'.si^ | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".oioi ^°^ '^^^^y*
Observed on the meridian ; night not very favourable.
Passy ; June 30, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 83° S^'sf\ 7 Obs. I DifF. = i<'3o' 7 ^t ,1 . j i
Distance= zi".6s9 \ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o^Uj \ Unusually steady. -
Observed on the meridian ; the small star is blue, and bears a very good illu-
mination. The night is extremely favourable : in the results I have the greatest
confidence.
Passy ; July 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and 1 0th magnitudes.
DifF. =oOci' 7 ,» ^ ,
DifF.=o".697r^''y^^^^^y-
Position = 83° 42' sfi 7 Obs.
Distance s= z&'.Sg^ \ 5 Obs.
Small star decidedly blue, and bears a very good illumination. Observations made
when on the meridian, and are extremely satisfactory.
Passy; July 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
5th and Qth magnitudes.
Position = 83° 12' 5/1 7 Obs.
Distances 26". 883 | 5 Obs.
Diff = ^".43! } Tolerably steady.
Observed when 25 minutes west of the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 83* S3' ^/(28 Obs.) ; Distance 9,6". 69^ (20 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.50.
The change stated to have taken place in this star is con-
firmed by the present observations ; according to which,
compared with those of 1821, a motion of -1- 1° 23' in angle,
and — 2". 1 75 in distance, has taken place since our former
measures. This is a remarkable verification of the relative
motion both in position and distance ; and as the change
is contrary to what the presumed proper motion of the
large star would alone produce, this star merits particular
attention. (H.)
and positions of 36 double and triple stars, (^c. $66
No. XXVI. R. A. 17^ 56™ ; Decl. 2° ss' N.
70 p Ophiuchi ; II. 4 ; H. and S. 258.
Double ; 7^ and 8^ magnitudes.
Passy ; April 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 55° 51' sf
Distance =z 4". 843
7 Obs. [ Diff. = 2° 25' ) Unsteady.
6 Obs. ] Diff. = o'.553 j Difficult.
Observed when 1* 40' east of the meridian; the angles are perhaps as good as
can be expected at so great a distance from the meridian : the distances, on account
of unsteadiness of the stars, were gotten with considerable difficulty, and probably
are a little liable to suspicion.
Passy ; May 3, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 52° 3' */ I 7 Obs.
Position = 51° 57' sf \ 7 Obs.
Diff. = 1° 4+' ) if hour east of the meridian.
= i°43'5 a
Diff. = i°4Vi a hour
The first set obtained with 181 ; the second set with 413 ; the night unfavour-
able ; the stars neither well defined nor steady ; indeed the weather is become very
bad for delicate observations.
Passy ; June 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position =58° 50' sf \ 7 Obs. | Diff. == 4° 58'. On the meridian.
Stars extremely ill defined and very unsteady ; so much so that I do not consider
the results entitled to the least confidence ; measures of distance altogether imprac-
ticable ; the night is beautifully clear, not a cloud visible ; but the extreme unstea-
diness of the stars obliges me to discontinue observing, although I do it with the
greatest reluctance.
Passy ; June 29, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7 J and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 58° 15'*/ 7 Obs. I Diff. = i<»24' ) ^ ^, . ,.
n;cfor, ." «.. -^ r nKc n;ff ' ,^. ^ On the meridian.
Distance = 4"-874
S Obs. I Diff. = o".2645
Stars very steady and well defined ; small, certainly not blue ; measures are
satisfactory.
Passyj June 30, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
71 and 8| magnitudes.
Obs. I Diff. = 1° 36') ^ ,,
Obs. I Diff. = o".432 J ^"^ '^^ meridian.
Stars well defined and steady ; measures good.
Position =57° 13' sf
Distance =4".4i9
366 Mr. South's re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XXVI. R. A. 17^ 56™ ; Decl. 2° 33' N.
70 p Ophiuchi ; II. 4 ; H. andS. 258.
continued.
Passy ; July 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Position = 58° lo' */ 7 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 32 7^ ,, . ,.
Distance = 5".iso *^ 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".72i j^^ *^^ meridian.
Stars very steady and well defined j measures extremely satisfactory.
Passy; July 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8^ and 9| magnitudes.
Position = 58° 18' «/ 7 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 8' 7 ^t ^ ^
Distance = ^".gzg 5 Obs. | DifF. z= o".4o8 j ^ ^steady.
Observed on the meridian ; stars tolerably well defined.
Passy ; July 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 58° 7' «/l 7 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 38' ) tvt .\ j
. Distance = 4'.sU I 5 Obs. j Diff. = o".264 J ^^^ '^^^^V'
Observed when 8 minutes west of the meridian; pretty well defined.
Passy ; July 5, 1825 ; Seven- feet Equatorial.
82 and 9| magnitudes.
Position = 57° 32'*/ 1 7 Obs. Diff. = i°4i' ) ^ ,, .,.
Distance = 4-.789 | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".48i } <^^ ^^^ meridian.
Stars unsteady, and occasionally very faint ; light clouds passing over them.
Passy ; July 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
7^ and 8 1 magnitudes.
Position = 57° 56' sf\ 7 Obs. Diff. = 2° 20' 7 t., . - , ,
Distance = i''.49i ^^ | 5 Obs. | Diff = o".3i2 { ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^r-
Observed when 10 minutes east of the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 57° 48' 5/ (63 Obs.) ; Epoch 1825.48 ;
Distance 4/' -763 (41 Obs.); Epoch 1825.48.
In taking the mean, the observations of May 3 are rejected.
J
and positions of sS double and triple stars ^ ^c, 367
No. XXVI. R. A. 1 1^ 56"^ ; Decl. 2° 33' N.
70 p Ophiuchi ; II. 4 ; U. and S. 258 ;
continued.
Second Series.
Passy ; August 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
71 and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 58° 38' V" f 7 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 37' ) „ , ,
Distance = 4".8i4 5 Obs. j DifF. = o".456 j ^^^ '*«**^y-
Observed on the meridian.
Passy ; August 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 58° 9' sf 7 Obs. DifF. = !<> 11' 7 ,, , .
Distance = 4".779 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".505 j ^^^ ^^«*^y-
Observed on the meridian.
Passy ; August 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatoiial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 58° 13' */ 7 Obs. I DifF. = i° c' > ^-
Distance = 4".874 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".889 j ^^^ ^^^^^y*
Observed on the meridian.
Passy ; August 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = s80 41' sf 7 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 27' ) ,,
Distance = 4".7i4 j 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".336l ^^^ ^^^^^y*
ObseiTed on the meridian.
Passy ; August 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 58° 1/ */| 7 Obs. | DifF. = 2° 21' } ^,
Distance = 4".s66 j 5 Obs. DifF. = o".2i6 ( ^°^ "^^^ ^*^**^y-
Passy ; September 1, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 58° 32' sf I 7 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 58' > ^^ , , , , ,
Distance = 4".864 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".36ol tolerably steady.
Observed by twilight, without artificial illumination, when 5 minutes east of the
meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 58° 25' 5/(4^2 Obs.) ; Distance 4". 769 (30 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.64.
368 Mn South' s re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XXVI. R. A. 17^ 56" ; Decl. 2° 33' nI "
70 p Ophiuchi ; 11. 4 ; H. and S. 258 ;
continued.
The mean of both series, allowing each a weight propor-
tioned to the number of measures, gives for the
Epoch 1825.56 ; Position 58° 3' 5/(105 measures.)
Distance 4^765 (71 Obs.)
If now we collect all the observations made in the years
1821, 1822, 1823, and 1825, we find as follows :
1821.51 ; 66° 50' 5/; (Mean of Herschel's, South*s, and
Struve's Obs. Phil. Trans. 1824. iii. p. 290.
1822.49 ; 65"" i sj\ H. and S. 1822,
1823.32; 63 25 sj\ H. and S. 1823.
1825.54 ; 58 3 sf\ S. ut supra.
The intervals are 0.98, 0.83, and 2.22 years, and the
Angles described respectively in them — i°.7i7, — i°.70o,
and — 5°. 36 7, whence the angular velocities come out re-
spectively— l°.75i, — 2^050, and — 2°.4i8, all of them
greatly below what appears to have been the velocity up to
1820, and not differing more than might fairly be expected,
considering the difficulty presented by the unequal size of
the stars. The last determination, considering the great
number of measures it rests upon, may be regarded as en-
titled to great confidence, in spite of the discordant results of
April 3 and May 3, 1825, which, however, whether rejected
or retained, make little difference in the final mean. It was
on these (unluckily), that the note at the end of the paper of
J 824 was founded.
The fact of a great diminution of angular velocity then in
^ and positions of s6 double and triple stars, ^c. 369
No. XXVI. R. A. 17^ 56"^ ; Decl. 2° ss' N.
70 p Ophiuchi ; II. 4 ; H. and S. 258.
continued,
this star can hardly be doubted. But as it is inconsistent
with the laws of central forces that this should take place
without a corresponding increase of distance ( for the angular
velocity is inversely as the square of the distance in the ap-
parent as well as in the real orbit, whatever be its position
with regard to the line of sight), it becomes necessary to ex-
amine more minutely into the distances at the different epochs.
It will be observed, however, that in all the interval from
1781 to 1819 we find no measure of the distance, and that
the maximum of angular velocity must have taken place
somewhere in this interval. (See Phil. Trans. 1824. iii. p.
290-291.) In such a case we must recur to estimations in
diameters, though necessarily less to be depended on than
positive measures. On re-examining Sir W. Herschel's
MSS., we fortunately find the following observations, which
throw considerable light on this point, and in some measure
supply the deficiency of measures. It will be recollected
that his measures of distance are always supposed to include
both diameters of the stars measured.
" October 27, 1779. 3".593. They are very difficult to
" measure, and for that reason I join also an exact
" estimation by the eye. The vacancy between them
" is 2|- diameters of the largest — certainly more than
" two and less than 3. The smallest may be about i
" or I of the diameter of the other. They are exactly
" in the equatorial motion ; the largest goes first. The
" situation I took by letting them run along the hair."
MDCCCXXVI. s b
S70 Mr. South' s re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XXVI. R. A. 17^ 56"^ ; Decl. 2° 53' N.
70 p Ophiuchi ; II. 4 ; H. and S. 258.
continued.
" May 11, 1780, 5".468 ; but very difficult to take, and
" therefore not much to be depended on/'. . . . " I am
" apt to believe that this method generally gives the
" distance too large."
" June 19, 1780. If diameter, or between i|- and 1^ by
" very exact estimation By measures ^'.si5."
" August 28, 1780. 4".53i. Almost 2 diameters of the
" largest, which is the preceding star. The difference
" in size almost 2 to 1, or 1^ to 1."
" May 27, 1781. Much above 2 diameters of the largest
" with 460."
" April 28, 1783. Above 2 diameters.*'
From all these observations, it is clear that the interval
between the stars about the year 1780 could not be less
than 2 diameters, and by a mean of all the estimations, must
have been about this quantity, or rather more than less. The
small star being taken at 0.6 of the diameter of the large,
the distance of their centres must have been 2.8 D, and the
distance, including the diameters, 3.6 D. Now as this distance
by the mean of all the measures, was 4'^492, we have D =
i".25 and 2.8 D = 3".5oo.
Again ; we find the following observation, the only one
which occurs in the interval in question.
*' June 3, 1804. About i^ diameter of L."
This would give for the distance between the centers
2.05D = 2".5625.
So far then as estimations by diameters can go, these
and positions of 36 double and triple stars , ^c. 371
No. XXVI. R. A. 17^ SGT ; DecL 2*=^ 33' N.
70 p Ophiuchi ; II. 4 ; H. and S. 258.
continued.
observations establish the point in question, viz. that a very
considerable diminution of distance really accompanied the
great increase of angular velocity, and that as the velocity has
since diminished, the distance has actually undergone a
corresponding augmentation. It is much to be regretted
that the opportunity of observing this interesting object in
perihelio has been lost. ( H. )
No. XXVII. R. A. i8J» 18"^ ; Decl. 0° 5' N.
69 Serpentis (d); I. 12 ; H. and S. 268 ;
Double ; 7 and 9j- magnitudes.
Passy; July 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 50° 12' np I 7 Obs. | DifF. = 2° 43' 7 tt .. a j mi j £ j
Distance = \'.^S6 "^ | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".6oi } Unsteady and ill defined.
Observed when 10 minutes east of the meridian.
Passy ; July 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 47» 18' no 1 7 Obs. DifF. = 1° 17' ? u .u A-tr. 1.
Distance = 4^369 | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".384 \ ^^^^^' ^'^^''^^'
Observed when 10 minutes east of the meridian. Stars not always well defined,
but are tolerably steady.
Passy ; July 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7i and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 49° 9' ap j 7 Obs.
Distance = 4".338 ( 5 Obs.
Diff! - o°.6oi } ^^^^^^ ^^&cu\t.
Observed on the meridian. Stars neither steady nor well defined. The smaller one
is blue.
Position = 48° ig' np
Distance = 4".347
Passy ; July 18, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7i and 10th magnitudes.
7 Obs.
5 Obs.
Observed on the meridian.
Diff = o'' 601 \ ^^^*her steady nor well defined.
373 Mr. South's re-examination of the apparent distances
^o. XXVII. R. A. 18^ 18- ; Decl. o° 5' N.
59 Serpentis (d) ; I. 12 ; H. and S. 268.
continued.
Passy ; July 19, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 47° 54' n;?
Distance = 4".784
7 Obs.
S Obs.
DifF. = 305'),, ^ .
Diff. = o".4o8P^''y"°^*^^^y-
' Mean Result.
Position 48° s^np (s5 Obs.); Distance ^'.^6s (25 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.54.
These observations compared with those of 1822 certainly
afford no corroboration of the idea of an approach of these
stars towards each other. ( H. )
No. XXVIII. R. A. 18^ 21- ; Decl. 58° 42' N.
39 Draconis ; I. 7 ; H. and S. 269.
Triple ; A of the 5th, B of the 10th, and C of the 8th
magnitudes.
Measures of A B.
Passy ; July 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 84* 48' nf I 7 Obs. I DifF. = 3° 1 1' > njffirnlf
Distance = 3".782 | 5 Obs. \ DifF. = o".937 ] -L'^mcult.
Obserred \ hour west of the meridian; the small star is light blue, and bears
but an indifferent illumination j stars steady, and admirably defined.
Passy ; July 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th, or 11th magnitudes.
Position = 84° 47' nf I 7 Obs.
Distance^ 3". 43 1 j 5 Obs.
Diff;=o".697}^^^^^^'^^^^"l^-
The measures procured when the stars were 25 minutes west of the meridian; the
small one is decidedly light blue ; not steady.
and positions of 36 double and triple stars , &c. 373
No. XXVIII. R. A. iSJ^ 21' ; Decl. 58'' 42' N.
39 Draconis ;- 1. 7 ; H. and S. 269.
continued.
Passy ; July 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 84** 7' »/| 7 Obs.
Distance rr 3 "-65 5 j 5 Obs.
The small star is blue, and bears a tolerable illumination.
Iffi^^-.s'sB}""""''^-
DifF. =
Diff.
Passy ; July 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 84° 58' nf 7 Obs. I DifF. = 3° 58' 1 Unsteady
Distance = 3".503 5 Obs. | DifF. = 0^481 | ^"steaay.
The small star, which is light blue, bears a very tolerable illumination.
Measures of A C.
Passy ; July 14, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 68° 42' 7./ 1 5 Obs. | DifF. = 1° 9' 1 ,
Distance = i' zS".69i \ 5 Obs. J DifF. = i".6s9J ^^^^ "^^^y*
Passy ; July 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 9th magnitudes.
5 Obs. I DifF. = o°45' | R.^^er iin<:feadv
5 Obs. 1 DifF. z= o".5Z9) ^^*^^^ unsteady.
Position = 68° 35' nf
Distances i' 29".30i
Observed when 10 minutes west of the meridian; a part, (perhaps a sixth) of the
object-glass not in use, from the interference of the observatory timbers.
Passy ; July 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 68° 32' nf
Distance= i' 28".862
5 Obs.
5 Obs.
Z:=l°dW-'^'y
Perhaps one-fourth of the object-glass unemployed.
Passy ; July 21, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 68° 34' nf
Distance = i' 28". 903
Obs. I DifF. = 1° 9' ) -, ^ . .
Obs. iDifF. =:o".84ilV^n^""''^^^^y-
374 Mr. South's re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XXVIII. R. A. 18^ 21"^ ; Decl. 58° 42' N.
39 Draconis ; I. 7 ; H. and S. 269.
continued.
Mean Result.
(Position 84° 40' w/(28 Obs.);
^^ A ^' iDistance 3^593 (20 Obs.) ; j^P^^^ ^^^^•^5'
. . ^ (Position 68° 36' nf (20 Obs.) ;) ^ ,
^f ^•^•iDistancei'28".939(2oObsO;l^P^"^^ ^^^^'^^' '
These observations afford no corroboration of the change
supposed to take place in this star, but rather militate against
it : the difference of 1° 25' between their mean and that of
the measures of 1823, lying the contrary way to that
presumed. (H.)
No. XXIX. R. A. 181* 31" ; Decl. 38° 37'N.
« Lyrae ; V. 31 ; H. and S. 272.
Double ; 1st and 15th magnitudes,
Passy ; July 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 43° 56' */ 1 5 Obs. | DiflF. = 2° 45'. Excessively difficult.
Observed with 157, on the meridian.
Passy ; July 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
1st and I5th magnitudes.
Position = 44" 4-i' sf 7 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 52' ) „ . , ,,— ,^
* . " ^//o i r\u. \ T\'.a: ^// i, ,> Excessively difficult.
Distance = 41 .873 5 Obs. ) Diff. = o .841 5 ^
Observed on the meridian with 157.
Passy ; July 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
1st and 15th magnitudes.
Position = 42° 35' */ 1 7 Obs. I Diff. == 1° 48' \ Excesssively difficult.
Distance = 41' .935 | S Obs. | DijF. = i .6833 •'
Observed with 157 ; stars on the meridian, and very steady.
Passy ; July 25, 1825 ; Seven feet Equatorial.
1st and 15 th magnitudes.
Position = 44° 3' «/ 1 7 Obs.
Distance = 4i".o77 \ 5 Obs.
Diff! = ;° J^^} ^Excessively difficult.
Observed on the meridian, with 157.
and positions of s^ double and triple stars, ^c. si 5
No. XXIX. R. A. iS"^ 31" ; Decl. 38° 37' N.
a Lyrae ; V. 31 ; H. and S. 272.
continued,
Passy ; July 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
1st and 15 th magnitudes.
Position = 43° zo' sf\ 2 Obs. j DifF. = i® 20'. Excessively difficult.
On the meridian, and observed with 1 57 ; the night is become cloudy ; no more
measures can be procured.
Passy ; July 27, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
1st and 15 th magnitudes.
Position 42° 26'*/ 7 Obs. DifF. = i°35'jg . , ,.g. ,
Distance 4i".366 5 Obs. DifF. = o".36o5 Excessively dimcult.
Stars tolerably steady, and observed on the meridian with 157.
Mean Result.
Position 43° 3o' sf{s6 Obs.); Distance 4i".563 (20 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.56
There is a change of — i° 23' in the angle and -j- o".535
in the distance since 1822. The former is in the direction
pointed out in the former paper, and agrees tolerably in
quantity with that assigned. The difference of distance pro-
bably arises from error of observation. (H.)
No. XXX. R. A. 181' 38m . Decl. 390 27^ N.
5 Lyras ; II. 6 ; H. and S. 278.
Double ; equal ; each 8th magnitude.
Passy; July 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7 Obs. I DifF. = 1° o' \c .• r .
5 Obs. I Diff. = o".4o8 ] Satisfactory.
Position = 69° 6' */or np
Distance = 3".438
Stars very steady and well defined, and 20 minutes east of the meridian.
Passy ; July 13, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal; each 8| magnitude.
Position = 69° o' sfor np I 7 Obs. 1 DifF. = 2° 8' ) „ ,
Distance = 3^299 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".i92 ] ^^^ S^od.
Observed on the meridian; stars very steady.
376 Mr. South' s re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XXX. R. A. i8»» sS'" ; Decl. 39° 27' N.
5 Lyrae ; II. 6 ; H. and S. 278.
continued.
Passy ; July 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each 8th magnitude.
Position = 690 21' np oxsf\7 Obs. | Diff. = 2-2' \ „ satisfactory
Distance = 3".3i8 | 5 Obs. j DifF. = o".384 j ^^^ satisfactory.
Observed on the meridian ; stars very steady.
Passy ; July 16, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal; each 8 J magnitude.
Position = 60° 17' jyp or n/f 7 Obs. DifF. = 2° 13' > f^. .^,
Distance =3^306 ^ "^ | 5 Obs. DifF. = o".434 ^°' '''^'^^-
Observed on the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 69* 11' np or 5/(28 Obs.) ; Distance 3".340 (20 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.53.
These observations corroborate the motion ascribed to
5 Lyrse. The change of position in 3.11 years amounts to
— 0° 45'. Calculating on the presumed angular motion
— o**.325, it should have been — 1° o'. The difference is
nearly insensible.
No. XXXI. R. A. 19^ 39'^ ; Decl. 44" 42' N.
^ Cygni ; I. 94 ; H. and S. 304.
Passy ; July 26, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
The night being unusually fine, the instrument was placed
upon this star when on the meridian : it was examined by
Mons'. Gambart (Director of the Royal Observatory at Mar-
seilles) and also by myself, with 181, 327, 512 and 787. Both
and positions of sQ double and triple stars y &c. 377
No. XXXI. R. A. 19^ 39™ ; Decl. 44° 42' N.
^ Cygni ; I. 94 ; H- ^^^^ '^- 3°4-
continued.
observers agree that it is as round and as sharply defined as
possible ; neither of us can entertain the slightest suspicion of
seeing it elongated in any direction ; with 787 it has the
appearance of a planetary disc, and is a most beautiful object:
it; is so extremely steady, that with this high power there is
not any difficulty in keeping it bisected by the wire of the
micrometer, when placed perpendicular to the diurnal motion.
No. XXXII. R. A. ig"" 41" ; Decl. 11° 22' N.
TT Aquil^e ; I. 92 ; H. and S. 306.
Double ; 8th and 81 magnitudes.
Passy ; August 1, 1S25 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 32° 58' */
6 Obs.
Distance = i".368 " ) 5 Obs. Diff. = t".\ls } Tolerably steady.
Observed with 413, when on the meridian.
" If the position 32° 58' sf be exact, there must be some
monstrous error in that given to the Royal Society in the
first memoir, where the position stands 45° 27' sf; the only
mode to reconcile the differences is, to suppose that in one
instance the micrometer has been erroneously read lo de-
grees."
Note made in the rough journal at the breakfast table on the morning of August 2,
when reducing the observations.
Passy; August 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
^ 8th and 8? magnitudes.
Position = 32° 45' sf; single observation.
Observed when 2^ hours east of the meridian : of course
this measure must not be considered as a standard one, but
MDCCCXXVI. 2 c
378 Mr, South's re-examination of the apparent distances
No. XXXII. R. A. 19^ 41" ; Decl. ii*» 22' N.
?r Aquilse ; I. 92 ; H. and S. 306.
continued.
I think it is very evident the erroneous result will be that
given in the published memoir; supposing the v^rong 10th
degree to have been taken, the mean angle as read off,
instead of being — 44° 33' would be — 54° ss' = + 35° 2/,
a difference from the angle here determined easily enough to
be admitted, when the closeness of the stars is considered.
Passy; August 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial,
8th and 8J magnitudes.
Position = 32° 35' sf \ 6 Obs. [ Diff. = 2° 17'. Rather difficult.
Observed with 413 when 20 minutes west of the meridian ;
stars very unsteady, so much so that measures of distance are
impracticable. Set the position wire to — 45°, and it is so
intolerably offensive to the eye that it never can have passed
for a measure ; the stars stride across the wire. There can
be no doubt therefore, that the micrometer was in the obser-
vations of September 1823, read o^ incorrectly,
Passy ; August 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Position = 34° 22' sf\ 6 Obs. Diff. =: 2°2o' ) „ ^ , ..„. ,^
Distance =i".S27 "^ | 5 Obs. Diff. = C.^Go] Extremely difficult.
Observed when on the meridian with 327, the highest power which I can use
to night with advantage.
Passy ; August 12, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8? magnitudes.
Position = 33<> 4' «/ ] 6 Obs. | Diff. = 2° 5'. Extremely difficult.
Observed on the meridian with 327, the highest power which the unsteadiness of
the stars will allow me advantageously to employ. Observations of distance are
impracticable.
and positions of s6 double and triple stars ^ &c. si 9
No. XXXII. R. A. 19' 41"' ; Dec!. 1 1° 22' N.
TT Aquilae ; I. 92 ; H. and S. 306.
continued.
Passy ; August 17, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8$ magnitudes.
Position = 34° 25' sf\ 8 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 55' ) ,, ^. n ^
Distance = ilsil *^ | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o''.i92 J ^^"^ satisfactory.
Observed with 413, when 15 minutes west of the meridian; stars remarkably
steady.
Passy; August 21, 1825; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8| magnitudes.
Position = 330 10' sf\ 7 Obs. I Diff. = i<> 30' ) t, , , , ^ .
Distance = i" 786 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".48i } Tolerably steady.
Observed on the meridian with 413.
Mean Result.
Position 33** 27' sf (40 Obs.) ; Distance i*.549 (20 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.61.
These observations make it clear that a mistake of 10° (as
supposed by Mr. South above) must have been committed
in the reading off of the micrometer in 1823. This star must
therefore be struck out of the list of Binary stars, as the pre-
sent measures compared with that of 1783 present only a
difference of o* 57'. This v^ill serve among other instances
to show how necessary it is to repeat the measures of double
stars on several nights. ( H. )
No. XXXIII. R. A. 20^ 15" ; Decl. 77° lo'N.
J6 Cephei ; III. 70; H. andS. 321.
Double ; si and loth magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; August 23, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 38° 34' */ 7 Obs. Diff. = 3° 3' 7 Tolerablv steady
Distance = 8".350 5 Obs. Diff. = o".745 ] ^ o^eraDly steaay.
Observed on the meridian.
380 Mr. South's re-examination of the apparent distances
No, XXXIII. R. A. 20^ 15" ; Decl. 77° 10' N.
X Cephei ; III. 70 ; H. and S. 321.
continued.
Passy ; August 31, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 1 0th magnitudes.
7 Obs. I DifF. = 2° 54' ) tt * j
Stars on the meridian when observed.
Position = 37° 33' sf
Distance =: 8".240
Passy ; September 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7 th and 1 1th magnitudes.
Position r= 33° 56' sf\ 7 Obs.
Distance =:7".5 33 | 5 Obs.
Diff. = 1° 50'
Diff. = o".36o
Small star decidedly blue ; night hazy ; stars unsteady : observed on the meridian.
F. = 1° 50' ) r\-ai 1*
T\-a: /' /: i Difficult.
Dm. =1 o .300 3
Position rr 36° 52' sf
Distance = 7''.692
7 Obs.
5 Obs.
mk^tU]^'^'"'^''
Passy ; September 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Gth and 10th magnitudes.
Position = 350 7' ,/ 1 7 Obs. DifF. ^ 4° 26' ) j^.g.. ,,
Distance = 7 ".540 | 5 Obs. Diff. = o^eoi ] -^"^^cult.
Night very hazy ; stars unsteady ; the small one is light blue. Observed on the
meridian.
Passy ; September 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and IGth magnitudes.
Diff. = 3° 5'
Diff. == o".72
Small star pale blue; night hazy; stars unsteady, and on the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 36° 24' 5/(35 Obs.); Distance i'.S^ji (25 Obs.);
Epoch 1825.67.
This star has been examined with much perseverance, yet
there prevails considerable discordance betw^een the measures
at different epochs, and our judgement must be suspended
with respect to its motion. (H.)
and positions of 36 double and triple stars ^ ^c. 381
No. XXXIV. R. A. ^o^ 59"^ ; Decl. sT 5^' N.
61 Cygni ; IV. 18 ; H. and S. 329.
Double ; 7th and 8th magnitudes.
Passy ; September 2, 1825 ; Seven-feet EqtiafoH^l.
Postion = 3° 1 8' n/ 1 7 Obs.
Distance r= i5".49i | 5 Obs.
Observed on the meridian with 787 ; stars very steady.
Passy; September 5, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 2° 41' nf\ 7 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 1' | TTr,cf«^„
Distance = is'lssz \ \ Obs. | DifF. = o".72i \ Unsteady.
Observed when on the meridian. Night very hazy.
Passy ; September 6, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th, and 9th and 10th magnitudes.
,,^ Position = 3^7' nf\ 7 Obs. I Diff. = 0° ^%' \^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^
Distance =: 15 .201 [ 5 Obs. | Diif. r= o .456)
Night extremely hazy, particularly during the observations of distance. Stars on
the meridian, and tolerably steady.
Passy ; September 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8th, 8th and 9tli magnitudes.
Position = 30 8' n/l 7 Obs. 1 DifF. = o^ 30' ) ^olerablv steadv
Distance= i5".69i | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".769 j tolerably steady.
Observed when 15 minutes east of the meridian. Night very hazy.
Passy ; September 10, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8th magnitudes.
Position = 2° 54' nf 7 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 42' ) c-nsfactorv
Distance = I5".073 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".36o5 i>atistactory.
Observed on the meridian. Night hazy, but the stars are very steady.
Passy; September 20, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 8th, and 8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 3° 22' nf\ 7 Obs. I Diff. = 2° 33' \ Cantain Beaufort
Distance = is".689 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".4o8 j ^-^Ptam Heaufort.
Position = 3° 7' n/ I 7 Obs. I Diff. = o° 45' ) j.
Distance = i5''.o99 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".i92 5 ^<»"th.
Night very hazy. Stars unsteady, and not well defined.
382 Mr, South's re'examination of the apparent distances
No. XXXIV. R. A. 20^^ 59™ ; Decl. sT 6^' N.
61 Cygni ; IV. 1 8 ;H. and S. 329.
continued.
Passy ; September 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 7th magnitudes.
Position =s i"* 50' nf I 7 Obs. DiflF. = o® 46' ") <,
Distance = i5".689 | 5 Obs. | Diflr. = o" .697 ]^^^'^^'
Position =: 3° 1 3' n/ 1 7 Obs. f DifF. = 2" 8' 7 ^ , . „
Distances is".208 | 5 Obs. | Diff.= i".o34 i ^^P*^^" Beaufort.
Stars well defined aud very steady.
Mean Result. -s = n.
Position 3° 4' nf {63 Obs.) ; Distance 15".444 (45 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.70.
The result here given affords an extremely satisfactory
verification of our former measures, and of the mean motion
+ 0^.730 assigned to this star. The interval of the epochs
is 3.8 years, in which + 2° s' ought by computation to have
been described, while by observation + 2° 1 5' have been de-
scribed. The distances too differ only by o".oi9, a quantity
perfectly insensible. ( H. )
No. XXXV. R. A. 22^ 8"» ; Decl. 36° 51' N.
^,^ 1 Lacertse ? H. and S. 341 •
Double ; 8th and 10th magnitudes ; small, blue.
Passy ; September 29, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 78; 33' sp I S Obs. I Diff. = 1° 59'} Very difficult.
Distance = 15 .434 | 5 Obs. | Diff. =0 .481 3 ^
Near this star, about 22* 4' ± Right Ascension, and 36° 52' ± North Declina-
tion, will be found a minute double star of the ist or 2nd class ; but it is not
measurable with this instrument, although the night is particularly favourable.
Passy; November 21, 1824; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and lOth magnitudes.
Position = 75° 4' sp
Distance = i5".8o9
^gb^: I SI i^-Jse I Ex.ren.el, difficult.
The small star is very obscure.
and positions of s^ double and triple stars , &c. 3S3
'"^ No. XXXV. R. A. 22^ 8- ; Decl. 36° 51' N.
1 Lacert2e ? H. and S. 341.
continued.
Passy ; November 24, 1824 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 12th magnitudes, og asoiiail) ^o wr
Position = 77° 55' sp I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 24' 9 ^ ^ , ,.^ ,^
Distance = i5".864 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o'.84i \ Extremely difficult.
Night unfavourable.
Mean Result.
Position 77° 11' sp (15 Obs.) ; Distance 15". 732 (15 Obs.);
Epoch 1824.84.
When this star was observed, I v^^as not aware that obser-
vations of it had been already communicated to the Royal
Society which give, Position 78° 43' sp ; Distance I5".6i9 ;
Epoch 1823.72.
No. XXXVl. R. A. 22*^ 20™ ; DecL 0° 5/ S.
^ Aquarii ; II. 7 ; H. and S. 346.
Double ; 7th and 7^ magnitudes.
Passy ; September 4, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 88° if sp \ 7 Obs. '; Diff. = 0° 34'. Unsteady.
The night is become so bad, that observations of distance cannot be procured.
Passy ; September 15, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 71 magnitudes.
Position = 880 3,' sp I 7 Obs. I Diff. = 0° 53' 1 ^.^i^rably steady.
Distance = 4 .039 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o''.793 J * ^^^^'^"^y aii;au;r.
Observed on the meridian with 787.
Passy ; September 24, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7th and 71 magnitudes.
Position = Sf ii'nf I 7 Obs. Diff. = 0° 54' 7 o_,._„
Distance =4.157 | 5 Obs. Diff. = o".i68 j ^o^^"-
Position = 88° 42' nf 7 Obs. I Diff. = 20 58' ) ^ . 5. . u>oj,„
Distances 3".993 5 Obs. | Diff. = o"48i 5 ^^P^^'" iJEAUFORx. ,
Observed with 181 ; stars very steady.
$84f Mr. South's re-examination of the apparent distances^ &c.
No. XXXVI. R. A. 22^ 20'» ; Decl. o« 57' S.
f Aquarii ; II. 7 ; H. and S. 346.
continued.
Distance = 4".032 | 5 Obs. 1 DifF. = o".432) ^. , ^ (South.
Distance = f.S^s \ 5 Obs. | DifF. =s o".336 5 ^"" 'O/ | Captain Beaufout.
Measures of distance gotten without any difficulty ; both stars sharply definedj and
as round as possible with 787.
Passy ; October 8, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
7tli and 7| magnitudes.
Position = 870 52' nf\ 7 Obs. DifF. = 1° 31' ) g
Distance = ^".^66 \ 5 Obs. DifF. = o".2645 ^o^th.
Position = 90° 7' nf \ 7 Obs. j DifF. = i° 16'. Captain Beaufort.
Night become so hazy that the stars are no longer visible j when seen they were
unsteady and ill defined.
Passy ; October 9, 1825 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 9th magnitudes.
Position = 88° 28' nf I 7 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 56' ) <,
Distance = 3".8o9 | 5 Obs. | DifF. =o".36o j ^0^^°'
Position = SqO 56' n/l 7 Obs. I DifF. = 1° 2' } ^ . ^
Distance = 3".8l8 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".84i } ^^P^^"^ Beaufort.
Night very hazy ; stars unsteady,
DifF. = 6° 29' J - . , _
DifF. = o".937} ^°"s- Gambey.
Position = 89° 15' nf\ 14 Obs.
Distance = 4".o97 | 10 Obs.
Mean Result.
Position 88° 56' nf (jo Obs.) ; Distance 4".oi4 (45 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1825.73.
These measures verify the direction of the motion ascribed
to this star, the present angle differing from that of 1822.27
by — o°33'. By calculation it ought to be — i°33'. The
discrepancy between these and the former measures of dis-
tance is extraordinary. (H.)
JAMES SOUTH.
Pflssy; Rue Franklin, No. 19, Latitude 48° 51' 31" N.
Opposite the Champ de Mars and Longitude 1 3". 36 (of time) west of the
the Ecole Militaire. Royal Observatory of Paris.
C 585 3
RE^EXAMINATION OF SEVEN DOUBLE STARS, MADE
WHILST THE FORMER PART OF THIS COMMUNI-
CATION WAS IN THE PRESS.
No. I. R. A. 4^ 18» ; Decl. 53° 3i' N.
1 Camelopardali ; H. and S. 43-
Double ; 8th and 9th magnitudes ; small, bluish.
Sloane-street ; February 8, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 36° 59' np 8 Obs. I DifF. = 3° 40' 7 yerv hazv
Distance = io".2iz 5 Obs. | DiflF. = o".769 | ^^^ ^^^y*
Observed when if hours west of the meridian ; stars ill defined, and very unsteady.
Sloane-street ; February 11, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Sth and 10th magnitudes.
8 Obs.
5 Obs.
Stars extremely unsteady, and at times very indistinct ; observed when one hour
west of the meridian.
Position = 37° 31' np 8 Obs. DiflF. = i*" 43' ) „
Distance = io".593 5 Obs. Diff. z= o".84i ) "*''^*
Sloane-street; February 12, 1826; Seven-feet Equatorial
7th nnd 8th magnitudes.
Position = 37° 0' np 8 Obs. 1 DifF. = 1° 22' \ Tolerablv steadv
Distance = 1 o'.oss 5 Obs. ) Diflr. a= o".9 1 3 5 ^ °^^^^^^^ '^^^'^y*
Observed on the meridian j night favourable.
Mean Result.
Position 37** 10' np (24 Obs.); Distance io".287 (15 Obs.);
Epoch 1826.10.
Observations made in Blackman-street gave, Position
36° 26* np; Distance io*.45o ; Epoch 1822.05: hence this
star is liable to no material change either of position or
distance.
MDCCCXXVI. 3 d
386 Mr. South' s re-examination of seven double stars, made
No. II. R. A. 4'' 21" ; Decl. 42° 39' N.
57 m Persei ; H. and S. 44.
Double ; 8th and 8| magnitudes.
Sloane-street ; February 6, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position z: 70° 23' *p 1 7 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 43' ) p, »
Distance = i' 5o".269 | 7 Obs. DifF. = i".4i8> '-^o^^X-
Stars only visible by glimpses, and when seen very unsteady.
Sloane-street ; February 7, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Position = 70° 2^ sp I 7 Obs.
Distance=i' 51". 192 | 7 Obs.
Diff =0° 76 \ ^^^ ^^^^^^ and unsteady.
Observed when 40 minutes west of the meridian.
Sloane-street ; February 12, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
, 8th and 8^ magnitudes.
Position = 70° 41' sp\ 7 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 43' ) Satisfactorv
Distance = 1' 5o".638 j 7. Obs. | Diff. = i".5i5 J i>atistactory.
Observed when 70 minutes west of tj»e meridian; stars tolerably steady and well
defined.
Mean Result.
Position 70° 29' sp (21 Obs.) ; Distance 1' 50^.700 (21 Obs.)-,
Epoch 1826.10.
Our former measures were. Position 71® '8^'' 5 />; Distance
1' 5o".i93 ; Epoch 1821.91; agreeing sufficiently with the
present determinations ta render it probable that the star is
liable to no very important change : it is true, the distance
here given differs 5-tenths of a second from that arrived at by
our joint observations, and that it lies in the right direction ;
still future observations must decide whether the discordance
between Sir W. Herschel's measure of distance and our own,
= 13". 77'', have any other foundation than instrumental-
error of the micrometer employed in 1 783.-
whilst the former part of the communication was in the press, 387
No. III. R. A. 6^ 14™ ; Decl. 4° 41' N.
8 Monocerotis ; H. and S. 69.
Double ; 7th and 8th magnitudes.
Sloane-street ; February 7, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatonal.
Position = 63° 38' nf 5 Obs. Diff.=o° 24' 1 Unsteady.
Distances: i4".332 5 Obs. J DifF. = i",63S > '
Observed when 40 minutes east of the meridian ; night unfavourable.
Sloane-street ; February 8, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 8th magnitudes.
Position
Distance
= 13 .890 J 5 Obs. I Diff. = o".2645 ^
Stars 10 minutes west of the meridian when observed ; night hazy.
Sloane-street ; February 12, 1826 ; Seven-feet EquatoriaL
7th and 8^ magnitudes.
Position = 65' 52' nf I 7 Obs. 1 Diff. = 2° 4/ \ Very unsteady.
Distance = 14 .013 | 5 Obs. j Diff. = o .360) -^ '
, Observed when on the meridian ; stars tolerably well defined.
Sloane-street ; February 25, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
6th and 9th magnitudes.
Position « 65° 2'«/| 7 Obs. I Diff. = o; 45' } Unsteady.
Distance = 14".352 | 5 Obs. | Diff. = o'.6oi ) ^
Observed on the meridian.
Mean Result.
Position 64° 47' w/(24 Obs.); Distance I4''.i47 (20 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1826.13.
Observations with the Five-feet Equatorial assigned to this
double star, Position 64° 39' nf; Distance 14".379 ; Epoch
1823.04, rendering it probable that no important change of
position or distance need be expected in this double star.
S88 Mr. South's re-examination of seven double stars, made^>z
No. IV. R. A. 6^ 22-" ; Decl. 17° 54' N.
20 Geminorum ; H. and S. 72.
Double ; 8th and 8|- magnitudes.
Sloane-street ; February 7, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 60° 33' sp 5 Obs. I DifF. = o° 47' ) Unsteady
Distance = 2o".892 5 Obs. | DifF. = o".6oi 5 •^"^^^a^^y-
Observed when half an hour east of the meridian ; stars neither steady, nor well
defined.
Sloane-street ; February 8, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
G\ and 7th magnitudes.
Position =: 59** 56' * ;> I 5 Obs.
Distance;:: 1 9".886 | 5 Obs.
DifF. = o" 40'
Diff. = 0.673 }"^^y*
Observed when 1 8 minutes west of the meridian ; stars very unsteady.
Sloane-street; February 11, 1826; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8 J magnitudes.
Position =: 61° 17' sp \ 5 Obs. { DifF. = 3° 15'. Extremely unsteady.
The night is become so unfavourable, that I cannot procure any measures of
distance.
Sloane-street ; February 12, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 8J magnitudes.
Position = 60° 48' -J i> I 5 Obs. I DifF. = 0° 54' ) Unsteadv
Distance = i9".976 | 5 Obs. | DifF. = i".5is j Unsteady.
Observed when 10 minutes west of the meridian; stars tolerably well defined.
Mean Result.
Position 60° 38' sp (20 Obs.); Distance 20^251 ( 15 Obs.) ;
Epoch 1826.09.
Our former measures of this star gave, Position 61° s' sp;
Distance 19".454; Epoch 1822.04; the former according
sufficiently with the present determination ; the latter differ-
ing more than might be expected, viz. nearly 8-tenths of a
second: whether this arise from a real motion of one of
the stars, or from erroneous observation, remains to be
ascertained.
whilst the former part of the communication was in the press. 389
No. V. R. A. 7^ 9" ; Decl. so"" 27' N.
20 Lyncis ; H. and S. 79.
Double ; 8th and 8;^^ magnitudes.
Sloane-street ; February 7, 1S26 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 16® 37' sp I 5 Obs. J Diff. = 0° 47' \ „
Distance = I4".722 j 5 Obs. | DifF. = V'.zoz ] ^'
The stars on the meridian at the time of observation ; they are pale, ill defined,
and unsteady.
Sloane-street ; Febrnary 8, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
8th and 85 magnitudes.
PoMtion r: i6° 18' «j)
5 Obs. I DifF. =s o*> 56'
Distance = I4".943 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".432 \ ^*^^-
Observed on the meridian ; stars ill defined and unsteady.
Sloane-street ; February 12, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Equal ; each 8| magnitude.
Position = 17° 32' sp ovnf 8 Obs. I Diff. = 1° 56' 7 ^t . j
Distance = i5".532 5 Obs. | Diff. = o".384 j Unsteady.
Stars tolerably well defined, and 1 5 minutes west of the meridian when observed.
Mean Result.
Position 16° 56' sp (18 Obs.) ; Distance iPy".o66[\s Obs.);
Epoch 1826.10.
By observations made in Blackman-street the position of
this double star was 17° ^1' sp; Distance is". 966 (errone-
ously printed i6".988); Epoch 1823.33; the former differ-
ing very little, but the latter more than might be expected
from the present determinations ; what is the cause of the
discrepancy future observations must decide.
S90 Mr. South's re-examination of seven double stars, made
No. VI. R. A. 7^ 31°" ; Decl. 5° 43' N.
31 (Bode) Canis Minoris ; H. andS. 8s,
Double ; equal ; each of the 9th magnitude.
Sloane-street ; February 12, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatorial. -
Position r= 42° 25' sfov np j 7 Obs. I DifF. =: 5° 28' ) t^. ^ , j.^ ,^
Distance = i ".462 | 5 Obs. | DifF. - o".096 \ Extremely difficult.
Observed with 413, when on the meridian; stars very unsteady, but at times well
defined.
Sloane-street ; March 15, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9| magnitudes.
Position = 39° 32' sf
Distance = i".637
7 Obs.
5 Obs.
DifF. = 2*' 42' ) T^.fl. ,^
DifF. = o\l88 \ ^'^^^^^'
Twenty minutes west of the meridian, when observed with 327; stars tolerably
steady, but faint ; the measures I consider good.
Sloane-street; March 17, 1826; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9| magnitudes.
Position :r:
Distance
= 39° 59' 'f I H Obs. I Diff. = 3^ 3' { Difficult.
=: I .200 ! 10 Obs. j DifF. =:o .192)
Observed with 327, when 40 minutes west of the meridian ; stars tolerably steady,
and extremely well defined ; observations deemed satisfactory.
Sloane-street ; March 18, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
9th and 9| magnitudes.
Position = 42° o' «/ j 4 Obs. | Diff. = 1° 30'. Difficult.
The night is become so cloudy, no more observations can be procured.
Mean Result,
Position 40" 40' 5/(32 Obs.); Distance 1^.405 (20 Obs.);
Epoch 1826.18.
Our former observations gave sT 8' sf for the position of
this double star. Epoch 1823. is ; offering a difference of more
than s\ degrees with the present determination ; but the
observations are attended with so much difficulty, that no
positive conclusion can be formed relative to the rest or
motion of this star : the first memoir contained no observa-
tions of distance.
whilst the former part of the communication was in the press. 391
No. VII. R. A. 9M9" ; Decl. 9° 60' N.
cJ^ Leonis ; I. 26 ; S. 600.
Double ; 6th and 9th magnitudes ; small, pale blue.
Sloane-street ; February 12, 1826 ; Seven-feet Equatorial.
Position = 64° 14' sf \ 6 Obs. ] Diff. = 4° 42'. Excessively difficult.
The small star only visible by glimpses ; observations made on the meridian,,
with 787 ; the extreme unsteadiness of the stars renders it impossible to procure
any measures of distance, and those of position must be received with caution.
The unfavourableness of the weather has not allowed me
to procure other measures of this difficult star. Sloane-street?
March 18, 1826.
The position April 4, 1783, was measured with a 20-feet
reflector, 12 inches aperture, and found to be 20° 54' sf. The
change is very great, no less than 43° 20' in 42.8 years, or
almost precisely a degree per annum. There can be little
doubt, therefore, that this very curious double star is entitled
to a place among the revolving stars or Binary systems.
The uncertainty of the present observations, arising from the
difficulty of the star, and the unfavourable weather, might
render us cautious in admitting this conclusion ; but a series
of well-agreeing measures by Mr. Struve, on four nights,
from Feb. 25, to April 4, 1825, which give a mean result
63°.? sf sufficiently establish the fact. These interesting
observations are contained in a letter from Mr. Struve, dated
April 21, 1825. (H.)
JAMES SOUTH.
132 Sloane-street, April 7th, 1826.
CiD
A Synoptical View of the Results afforded by the Observations detailed in the present,
and preceding communications.
6
398
7
24
25
star's Name, &c.
51 Bode Androm.
27 Bode Ceti . . . .
1789; 214
35 Piscium
38 Piscium
Observer
and Number.
S 381
H&S361
S 382
H&S..I
H&S..2
b. m.
O O
O 2
O 5
O 6
O 8
45 23 N
4 4S
61 49 N
7 49N
7 51N
O /
4 39
18 45
85 50
60 46
32 9
Quadrant.
nf
np
sp
Distance.
. . . 5.009
. . . 9. COO
.. 18.187
1. 11.168
. . . 4.967
Unchanged.
Distance estimated.
Unchanged.
Unchanged.
9
26
Nova
V. 85
Nova
5 1 Piscium
Nova
S....383
S....384
S....385
H&S..3
S....386
o 9
o 10
o 16
o 23
o 23
15 32N
37 20 N
31 31N
5 57 N
27 32 N
39 44
76 48
81 25
7 "
74 34
sp
«/
0, nf
12.100
45-744
. 5.636
25.866
42.281
Increase of Dist. =: 1 5" nearly.
Changed in Position.
10
27
10
28
29
30
30
313
II
32
33
H. C. 478
It Androm ,
H. C. 307
« Cassiop ,
142 Bode Androm.
S....387
H&S..4
S....388
H&S..5
H&S..6
o 26
o 27
o 27
o 30
o 37
17 55N
32 43 N
29 1 N
55 33N
29 58 N
38 I
85 26
56 18
7
34
52
o
sp, nf
np
np
12
34
12
34
35
V. 82 . . . ,
») Cassiop.
78 Bode Cassiop.
65 Piscium
Nova
H. C. 249
164 Bode Androm.
P.O. 251
26 Ceti
yj Piscium
H&S..7
H&S..8
S. Re-exam,
S....389
H&S..9
H&S.io
o 37
o 38
o 38
o 40
o 42
50 7N
56 51 N
50 27 N
26 43 N
67 51 N
II
29
7 56
6 55
57 35
25 48
55 12
S....390
H&S.ii
S....391
H&S.12
H&S.13
o 49
o 50
o 50
o 54
o 56
16 38 S
43 44N
o 11 S
o 24N
3 57N
S7 7
78 57
26 27
H 39
7 20
«f
nf
nf
np, sf
sp
sp
sp
np
sp
nf
42.510
35-95 »
. 6.554
46.464
Unchanged.
Unchanged in Angle ; Dist. perhaps incr.
Unchanged : pale, ill defined stars.
47-136
. 8.789
- 9-9°4
. 2.569
. 5.960
• 3-151
Change 3° 41' in Pos. and — 3 ".706 in Dist,
Binary, -f o°'5 ' 33 = niean ann. mot.
Epoch 1825.78.
A slow change probably in Angle.
Binary ? — o°.i 17 per annum.
.7.781
. 7.520
18.866
15.756
32.069
Unchanged.
Unchanged.
36
13
H
37
^5
74 -^ Piscium
ni.73
(7* Piscium . . .
Polaris
160 Bode Ceti
H&S.14
S....392
S....393
H&S.15
S....394
o 56
o 56
o 56
o 58
o 58
20 30 N
6 25S
31 13N
88 22 N
2 41 S
^5
4'
42
j6
16
IV. 120
^Piscium
37 Ceti
iy'77
119 Bode Cassiop.
S....395
H&S.16
H&S.17
S....396
S....397
31 7N
6 37N
8 45 S
8 33S
63 43 N
71 2
82 42
21 8
61 11
57 19
21 43
26 33
62 27
67 34
82 53
np
sp
np
sp
nf
np
np
np
30-340
12.893
90 ±:
18.701
.4.144
Position unchanged.
Pos. changed 8° 6' ; Dist. diminished 2".
Change of 6° in Pos. ; but identity of the
star questionable.
Unchanged.
19-373
24648
50.780
19.891
50.357
Unchanged.
Unchanged.
Pos. unchanged ; Dist. much increased.
Pos. changed 4° ; Dist. unchanged.
\ Cassiop. . .
Nova
100 Piscium
%' Ceti
42
17
43
17
18 IH.C. 247...
H&S.18
S....398
H&S.19
S....399
S . . . . 400
13
19
25
33
34
67
7
II
12
7
iiN
3N
38N
12S
59S
II
8
9
o
75
19
17
35
4
2
*/
«/
nf
sp
33-347
9.752
16.018
.4-»93
36.645
Unchanged.
Unchanged.
MDCCCXXVI.
11
A synoptical view of the results afforded by the observations
Vol.
for
1826
1826
1824
1824
i8z6
1824
18
19
44
45
20
46
star's Name, &c.
1826
1824
1824
1824
1824
1826
1826
1824
1826
1826
1826
1824
1824
1824
1826
1826
1824
1824
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1824
1824
1826
1826
1826
1826
20
46
47
47
49
21
22
50
23
23
24
52
53
54
24
25
304 Bode Piscium .
241 Bode Androm.
y Arietis i and 2 . .
I and 3 . .
Nova
47 Cassiop
IV. 104
X Arietis
292 Bode Ceti
» Piscium . . . .
y Androm. . . . .
1789; 223 ,
14 Arietis
59 Androm
H. C. 393 A and B.
A andC.
III. 68
J Trianguli
66 Ceti
H. C. 124 .
X Persei . . .
H. C. 140 .
observer
and Number.
S. . . .401
S. . . .402
H&S.20
H&S.2I
S....403
H&S.22
S 404
H&S.23
H&S.24
H&S.25
H&S.26
S....405
S 406
H&S.27
S....407
.408
H&S.28
H&S.29
H&S.30
S. . . .409
S. . . .410
h. ra.
I 40
I
I
42
44
45
47
» 47
I 48
I 51
I 53
I 53
» 53
I 59
2 2
2 3
2 4
2 5
2 7
21 23N
36 26 N
18 25 N
27 56 N
76 25 N
40 30 N
22 43 N
.23 48 S
I S3N
41 28 N
78 50 N
25 5N
38 uN
I 18 S
19 28 N
29 27 N
3 17 S
29 34N
56 41 N
59 27 N
Position.
o /
82 26
71 42
88 41
4 46
75 52
77 41
Quadrant.
Distance.
22 35
44 19
36 30
65 33
25 14
4 12
7 58
56 5
19 31
12 48
58 49
12 2
43 55
22 50
46 30
20 56
np
np
nf
sp
np,sf
sp
sp,nf
np
• 3-378
.4.258
. 9.109
48.764
• 5-673
33-594
20.590
37.889
. 9.080
. 5.428
10.909
55-303
45.258
. 4.956
4.079
. 8.952
.3.881
16.173
. 6.067
4-533
11.100
Remarks.
Pos. changed 5° ; Dist. unchanged.
Probably unchanged.
Unchanged.
Unchanged.
Unchanged.
Much changed if the same star.
Unchanged.
Unchanged.
Pos. changed 3°.
Pos. unchanged.
Pos. perhaps changed 3°. Dist. unaltered.
Pos. changed 7° 39'.
Distance unchanged.
No measures given by Sir W. Herschel.
54
399
25
25
27
28
28
55
56
29
29
29
29
I o a ? Trianguli , . .
0 Ceti
f Cassiop. A and C.
AandB.
378 Bode Ceti . . . .
H. C. 48
H&S.31
H&S362
S 411
S. . . .412
S....413
2 »
2 10
2 14
2 17
2 22
27 49 N
3 48 S
66 35 N
16 8 S
o 19N
61 4
16 52
22 24
53 23
sp
np
sp
H-347
• 7-909
11.704
14-332
Changed in Pos.
} As III. 4, doubtful if changed : of it as
> close double, 1 have no satisfactory mea-
Remarkably unchanged. [sures.
Nova
30 Arietis
33 Arietis .......
iVova ; A and B .
AandC,
IV. 64; A andB.
A and C
S....414
H&S.32
H&S.33
S....415
22
26
30
31
S 416
2 31
17 37N
23 52N
26 17N
18 5N
39 31 N
89 II
2 26
88 20
28 48
31 29
60 30
53 53
np
nf
sp
sp
sp
. 8.446
38.445
29.185
. 2.875
6.256
22.883
26.042
Dist. increased.
Pos. unchanged.
No sensible change of Pos. or Dist. in
AB.
1826
1826
1824
1824
1824
1824
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1824
1826
1826
1826
1826
■I 826
1826
1824
1826
1826
30
31
57
57
59
61
371
H. C.
Nova
Persei i and 2
1 and 3
■TT Arietis
41 Arietis
S....417
S 418
H&S.34
H&S.35
H&S.36
32
34
38
39
39
55 45 N
28 41 N
55 8N
i6 42N
26 31 N
5 50
24 17
29 53
24 48
32 29
43 24
np
np
np
np
*/
sp
..16.538
. . . 2.903
•- 28.959
3 57-175
. . . 3.076
2 7-557
Pos. variable -f 0^.25 per annum.
Unchanged in Distance.
32
33
33
34
34
85 Bode Persei. ...
20 Persei
H.C. 121
P. II. 220
41 Bode Ap. Chem,
S..
S..
s..
s..
s..
.419
.420
.421
.422
-423
2 40
2 42
2 46
2 48
2 49
52 15 N
37 36N
43 47 N
51 38N
25 42 S
21 1
33 50
26 46
4 40
50 52
np
sp
np
nf
sp
' J-321
13.886
28.411
12.960
»7-754
Unchanged since 1804.
Probably unchanged.
61
35
36
36
37
499 Bode Ceti
II. 76
Nova
ni.77
Steuve, 94. . .
H&S.37
S. . . .424
s...
s...
s...
38
38
401
39
39
Struve, 93 . . .
H.C. 31
7 Tauri
H.C. 121
in. 45
S..
s.,
H&S
S.,
S.,
425
426
427
2 59
3 10
3 12
3 18
3 21
428
429
363
430
431
21
23
24
26
28
6 46N
19 8N
29 11 N
19 52N
27 6N
73 25
18 56
12 18
73 7
37 7
■f
sp
sf, np
*/
sp
21.283
.7.501
10.345
• 7-798
43.575
Pos. slightly changed; Dist. increased i".7.
Unchanged.
26 57 N
22 45 N
23 51 N
44 12N
o 3N
o 24
55 26
33 54
4 39
44 42
np
nf,sp
nf
sp
11.674
11.640
21.055
41.511
. 5.812
Distance only estimated.
Probably unchanged.
detailed in the present ^ and preceding communications.
ui
Vol.
for
Star's Name, &c.
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
40
42
42
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1824
1824
1824
1826
1826
1826
1826
43
43
43
44
45
46
47
48
48
62
(>?,
63
49
50
SO
SI
11. 52
Nova; or 145
H.C. 122.,
H.C. 137.,
H.C. 371.,
23
Struve, 105.
Alcyone A and B
B and C
B and D
30 Tauri
43 Persei
^ Persei A and B
A and C
AandD
32 Eridani .
6 Persei i and 2
I and 3
P. III. 213
Nova A and B .
...AandC.
Nova
Observfer
and Number.
432
433
434
43S
436
437
438
439
440
441
H&S.38
H&S.39
442
443
444
3 29
3 30
3 32
3 35
3 35
3 36
3 37
3 38
3 43
3 43
45
45
50
57
3 58
DecU
33 32N
28 iiN
37 48 N
40 55 N
56 31 N
23 27 N
23 32N
ID 35 N
50 loN
31 20N
3 30S
39 29 S
22 41 N
13 54N
22 38 N
13 44
65 3
I 33
44 »8
16 2
29 43
18 42
74 8
33 54
31 H
59 Z9
65 2
71 14
85 27
79 I
79 38
54 o
37 41
23 S3
31 II
84 8
Qnadrant.
sf, tip
sp
¥
*/
np
np
np
nf
nf
sp
sp
sp
np
nf
^f
*/
^f
np
• 3450
. 7.326
28.428
. 9.867
57.706
34.566
56 607
25.640
14.686
. 9.867
16.934
13.296
24-379
59.071
. 8.681
. 8.587
. 7.208
44.212
i.969
. 6.301
Remark!.
Doubtful if changed or not.
aaoLx
Sir W. H*s observations veiy dubious.
A C changed in t^os. by proper motion.
Sensibly changed. . .
Pos. unchanged ; Dist. increased sensiwy.
1824
1826
1826
1826
1824
1824
401
52
52
53
64
65
fx, Persei
Struve, 117; A and B
A and C
40 Eridani
Tauri
X, Tauri
H&S364
S....445'
S 446
H & S . 40
H&S.41
4 2
4 7
4 7
4 9
4 12
47 57 N
49 50 N
7 sVs
26 54 N
25 II N
1824
1826
1824
1826
1826
1826
66
54
^7
385
54
55
62 Tauri .
IV. 72...
I Camelop.
H.C. 136.
IV. 75...
H&S.42
S....447
H&S.43
S. Re-exam,
S 448
S 449
4 13
4 13
4 18
4 18
4 18
1826
1824
1826
1826
1824
1824
56
67
386
56
402
68
145.24; or Nova.
57 m. Persei
Nova
III. 65 ... .
88 6?. Tauri
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
57
58
58
59
59
59
Aldebaran ....
III. 100
H.C. 204
T Tauri
II. 81 A and B
... A and C
S....450
H&S.44
S. Re-exam,
S....451
H&S365
H&S.45
4 19
4 21
4 23
4 24
4 26
452
453
454
455
456
4 26
4 27
4 28
4 31
4 32
1824
1826
1826
1824
1826
1824
1826
1826
1826
1826
69
60
61
70
61
55 Eridani. .
H.C. 251...
H.C. 42....
u Aurigae . . .
10 Camelop.
H&S.46
S....457
S....458
H&S.47
S....459
35
44
44
47
47
71
62
63
63
64
62 Eridani.
1.68
Struve, 146
H. C. 465 . . .
Struve, 149.
H&S.48
S . . . . 460
S 461
S. . . .462
S....463
448
4 49
4 50
4 5'
4 52
23 52N
33 53 N
53 31 N
29 57 N
9 41N
39 35 N
42 39 N
47 3N
40 43 N
9 47N
16
10
26
22
8N
ss
35 N
36N
35 N
9 9S
I 34S
7 6N
37 36 N
60 II N
5 28 S
I 23 N
26 25 N
3 22 N
II 7 N
38 18
56 33
10 7
17 58
29 33
66 4
sp
np
ip
*/
sp
nf
31-559
15.220
28.720
24.726
56.841
Unclianged.
Unchanged.
19 37
29 49
36 26
37 10
55 43
67 30
7tp
nf
np
np
nf
25 2
71 8
70 29
74 18
59 o
28 59
53 49
II 22
60 53
58 28
56 24
6 o
48 20
83 41
73 8
82 I
62 18
15 16
83 49
68 36
10 26
60 25
sf
sp
sp
sp
nf
np
nf
sp
sp, nf
sp
np
sp
29.052
19.865
10.450
10.287
15.254
22.900+
Unchanged.
Pds. unchanged; DiSt; ihcfeased 3".
Epoch 1 8 i6. 10.
Pos. changed 5° 34' ; Dist. unchanged.
. 9.578
50-193
50.700
0.454
12.468
9455
Distance increased -f i3''.7.
Epoch 1826.10.
Distance unchanged.
np, sf
up
sp
np
sp
nf
sfnp
sp
nf
3o.ooo±
13-634
• 3-9>9
2.817
• 6-455
44.412
Unchanged.
Pos. changed 5° ; Dist. increased i".7.
Distance unchanged.
10.510
41.490
»6.933
. 7.892
19.859
Unchanged
Unchanged.
No measures given by Sir W. Herschel.
5.865
. 2.565
18.561
21.808
33.604
Pos. unchanged.
Pos. changed 1 1° : probably a Binary sys-
tem. Ann. mot. =: — 0*^.269.
A synoptical view of the results afforded by the observations
64
65
65
66
72
73
315
67
73
74
67
68
68
75
69
70
H. C. 562
11.48
0 Orionis
Aurigae A and B .
AandC.
H.C. 467
star's Name, &c.
62 Bode Camel
P. IV. 278
105 Tauri
Nova
26 Bode Orion, i & 2
I &3
IV. 43
H. C. 203
Capella
14 Aurigae
145.21 or Nova?
Observer
and Number.
S 464
S....465
S....466
S 467
H&S.49
H&S.50
S. Re-exam.
S 468
H&S.51
H&S.52
S . . . . 469
S....470
S....471
H&S.53
S....472
S....473
R. A.
53
53
57
59
49
79 oN
I 20 N
21 27N
31 51N
14 isN
8 53 S
13 47 N
45 48 N
32 28 N
2 38N
17 40S
33 9N
8 25S
39 58N
15 26 S
76 23
41 42
19 3
15 40
34 36
10 6
8 42
72 37
78 2
45 37
28 I
7 38
17 37
69 19
55 24
8 30
34 I
Quadrant Distance.
np
nf
sp
«/
np
nf
nf
nf
sf
np
sp
nf
np
sp
sp
nf
nf
np
37.012
H435
49.990
. 4.571
38.827
21.763
21.916
27.183
34.206
14.610
. 7.054
Position hardly changed.
Epoch 1825.06.
Pos. changed 8° : Dist. unchanged.
48.304
. 2.822
. 8.878
1 42.143
3 13-941
. . 20.844
Remarks.
Probably unchanged.
Probably unchanged.
Pos. unchanged : Dist. scarcely changed.
"1 Sir W. H. gives no measures of this
J star.
71
72
76
72
H.C.313
82 Bode Orion.
H. C. 562
23 Orionis
IV, 101
S....474
S....475
S....476
H&S.54
S....477
lo 56 S
8 13S
18 43 S
3 21 N
34 43 N
2 49
86 46
72 4»
62 40
76 14
np
nf, sp
nf
np
10.939
35-678
39713
33-043
31.96+
Pos. unchanged ; Distance differs 6'.
Unchanged.
Position unchanged; Distances not com-
parable.
73
73
74
74
76
77
1 1 1 Tauri
Nova A and B .
...AandC.
52
1-53
H.C. 563
.478
•479
.480
.481
.482
17 13N
I 39 N
45 N
46 N
28 S
I 17
51 21
54 45
50 48
40 29
75 54
np
sp
nf
np
nf
sp
77
77
78
78
78
Nova ....
118 Tauri
Nova . . . . ,
IV. 110..
32 Orionis
S....483
H&S.55
S 484
S....485
H&S.56
5
5
5
5
5 21
38N
oN
21N
24 N
48 N
30 S3
75 59
80 I
81 52
66 49
nf
sp
sf
np
sp
^■763
46.630
38.162
. 2.982
3-393
11.392
No material change.
Position unchanged.
Position unchanged.
27.602
. . 5.666
• 58.955
. 15.446
< 1.300
Unchanged.
Position changed 6° 58'.
Binary? mean motion — o^
.414.
78
316
80
near 33 Orion.
ni 93
81
82
33 Orionis i and 2.
I and 3 .
i" Orionis
Nova
H&S.57
H&S.58
S. Re-exam.
H&S.59
H&S.60
H&S.61
5 21
5 22
5 22
5 23
5 23
3 II N
16 55 N
3 9N
27 S
39N
62 41
52 4
51 18
63 21
55 54
89 57
83 9
sf
nf
np
nf
np
82
79
80
81
83
84
85
X Orionis
9 Orionis A and B . .
AandC.
AandD..
AandE..
I. 70
Nova
A of S. 486 ; and A
of S. 488
Nova
H&S.62
S 486
487
488
489
5 25
5 26
5 26
5 26
5 26
9 48N
5 32S
21 53N
5 34S
6 7S
49 H
40 48
29 56
7S 3
58 28
21 39
1 46
43 36
49 u
nf
np
nf
np
nf
sp
sp
24-731
- 9-79^
10.861
. 2.025
19-734
54-875
8.912
Pos. unchanged.
Epoch 1824.99.
Unchanged.
Unchanged.
- 5-574
13-453
13.582
16.685
58.114
. 2.970
52.418
14.866
37.116
Unchanged.
Pos. changed 14^.45 ; probably is Binary,
detailed in the present , and preceding communications.
Vol.
for
1826
1826
1826
1824
1826
1^26
1826
1826
1824
1826
1826
1826
1^26
1826
1826
86
86
87
88
83
84
85
86
87
89
89
90
90
87
star's Name, &c.
Nova
I Ononis; A andB.
AandC
26 Aurig* ,
cr Orionis; A and B .
A and C .
A andD.
AandG.
AandH.
D andE.
DandF.
Observer and
Number.
Nova
9«
92
92
93
94
94
Nova
H.C.260
H. C. 262
f Orionis; A and B
A and C
187 BoBE Orion. .
y Leporis . .
52 Orionis.
H. C. 209 .
Nova
H.C.313,,
.490
.491
S . . . . 492
H&S.63
H&S.64
H&S.65
H&s! 66
■493
27
27
27
30
Decl.
5 34S
6 2S
30 22 N
2 43S
Position.
5 30
S....494
S....495
S. . . .496
H&S. 67
S..
•497
S..
S..
S..
S..
s..
..498
.•499
. .500
..501
. .502
30
30
30
32
5 37
5 37
5 38
5 38
5 40
5 45
iSS
o 15S
29 23 N
IS 15N
2 3S
4 20 s
22 31 S
6 23 N
32 56N
8 28S
13 50N
55 s^
51 58
13 26
6 41
28 S7
52 57
33 44
31 u
3 39
68 II
8 9
27 51
7? 12
4
60
49
3
82 50
3 7
79 25
69 19
I 6
87 54
39 10
Quadrant.
sp
sp
nf
nf
np
*/
nf
sp
nf
sp
np
nf
np
*/
nf
nf
np
sp,nf
nf
sp
17.680
. 12.085
. 49.784
. 12.327
. 12.912
. 42.765
30.805
10.13 1
45-375
. 11.136
8.255
18.317
Pos. changed 8° f.
Pos. changed only 2*^
Pos. changed 4° 14';
Unchanged.
Unchanged.
Pos. unchanged.
Very little changed.
7 Distances but .
7'. 3 little changed..
Dist. diminished I'.i-.
11.523.
26.501
. 9.867
. 2.625
7.667
33-844
. 1.654
59.460
21.558
45-524
Sir W. H. gives no measures of this star.
Perfectly unaltered.
1826
95
1^24
1826
1826
1824
89
96
403
Nova ; A and B
. . A and C . ,
& Aurigae
H.C.319
Nova
4 1 Aurigiae
S....503
H&S. 68
S....504
S....505
H&S 366
5 46
47
51
58
58
13 55N
37 "N
20 loS
14 2N
48 44N
44 9
67 17
82 16
12 22
84 9
83 16
np
np
sp, nf
nf
np
■ 39-946
21.764
5.051
• 5-253
. 24.662
. . 8.809
1826
1826
1826
1826
1^26
97
97
98
99
99
100
Nova ,
Nova ,
Struve, 216 ,
Nova
H. C. 313; A andB.
. . A andC.
S..
S..
S..
S..
s..
. .506
..507
..508
..509
..510
5 59
6 o
6 4
6 4
14 oN
14 oN
2 32N
14 26 N
14 32N
»9 33
47 35
22 39
71 57
6 43
64 43
sp
*/
sp
sp
nf
.2.750
39.696
29.187
48-939
• 5-930
47-879
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
100
lOI
lOI
102
102
H.C. 315
H. C. 383
Nova .
5 Lyncis .
Nova . . . .
S..
S..
S..
S..
S..
,511
.51Z
513
.514
•515
1826
103
1824
1826
1826
1826
1824
91
387
104
104
92
Nova ; A and B
...AandC.
8 Monocerot. . .
Nova ......
H. G. 323 . .
15 Geminor.
S....516
H&S. 69
S. Re exam
S....517
S 518
H&S. 70
1826
1826
1824
1824
1824
1826
1826
1826
1824
1826
1826I I
105
105
93
93
93
316
3»7
3'7
94
388
106
229 Bode Aurig. . . .
11.89
1 1 Monocer. A and B
B and C
Comes .
A and B
B andC
Comes
S....519
S 520
H&S. 71
20 Geminor.
H. C. 208 ...
S. Re-exam.
S. Re-exam,
S. Re-exam.
H&S. 72
S. Re-exam,
S.. . .521
6 20
6 22
6 22
36 12 N
47 II N
21 14 N
58 30N
26 47 N
24 53 S
4 41N
16 32 S
16 8S
20 54N
52 35 N
5 24N
6 55 S
17 54 N
38 40 N
54 13
o 32
12 50
2 7
78 40
sp
sp
sp
np
np
11.654
. 8.238
58.9»3
35-445
18.999
Perfectly unchanged in Pos,
87 5
27 43
64 39
64 47
77 42
o 28
65 21
nf
sp
nf
nf
sp, nf
nf
sp
49 26
50 27
39 29
10 41
67 20
40 23
13 39
66 33
61 3
60 38
42 56
7tp
nf
irp
f
*/
np
sp
sp
sf
6.271
59-975
'4-379
H.147
23.830
15.600
32.693
Epoch 1826.13.
Unchanged. .
5.223
6.964
6.862
3.243
. 7.990
. 3-278
10.957
19.454
20 251
.3.613
Perfectly unchanged.
Unchanged.
Unchanged.
Epoch 1824.12.
Epoch 1824.12.
Epoch 1824.12.
Epoch 1826.09.
MDi:CCXXVI.
A synoptical view of the results afforded by the observations
star's Name, &c.
1 06
107
107
108
109
109
III. 75
142.2 or Nova? . .
Struve,233; A and B
AandC
145.60; or Nova? .
" 84
Observer and
Number.
.522
•523
.524
.525
.526
h. m.
6 22
6 22
6 13
6 24
6 26
33N
22 N
15N
41 15 N
41 43 N
Quadrant.
15 25
85 13
27 II
59 39
16 10
4 59
np
«/
sp
Distance.
10.774
16.882
53.280
46.511
25.585
. 1.664
Remarks.
Pos. changed 9° ; probably a Binary system,
404
no
III
III
94
15 Bode Telesc.
Nova
Nova
Nova; A and B .
.. Aand C.
V Canis Maj. . . .
H&S367
S....527
S 528
S....529
H&S*73
26
27
28
28
29
41 40 N
23 19N
31 44N
12 23N
18 31's
43 o
67 48
64 4
72 56
80 45
10 8
sp
28.064
15.905
20.691
31-995
7-913
17.240
Changed in pos. ? in Dist.
IIZ
95
95
318
318
113
"3
114
Struve, 238
12 Lyncis A and B.
A andC.
A andB.
AandC.
II. 72
H.C.267
c Geminor
S....530
H&S.74
S. Re-exam
S. Re-exam.
S....531
S....532
S....533
97
114
116
116
56 Aurigae.
Nova
H.C.365..
59 Aurigae.
Nova . . . . ,
6 29
6 30
6 33
6 33
6 33
59 37N
59 37 N
55 54N
7 49S
25 18N
H&S.75
S....534
S....535
S....536
S....537
34
36
40
41
42
45 N
15S
30 N
5N
55S
46 48
68 39
36 50
64 21
35 21
10 57
79 49
3 42
72 52
53 13
65 47
48 19
II 51
np
np
nf
sp
. 4.063
• 2.593
. 9.849
• 2-529
.9.184
.4.519
12.607
51-577
Binary; — o°.5574 per ann.
Pos. changed + o°.oo9 per ann.
Epoch 1825.25.
Epoch 1825.25.
Pos. unchanged.
Distance unaltered.
nf
sp
np
55-386
18.252
12.538
21.601
30-305
Pos. unchanged.
No material change.
117
117
98
118
119
120
Nova
Struve, 250
3 8 Geminor
77* Canis Maj. A andB
A and C
AandD
Nova ; A and B . . . .
A and C
S....538
S....539
H&S.76
S....540
S....541
6 42
6 43
6 44
6 47
6 50
23 55 S
46 47 N
13 24N
20 II S
22 24 S
86 44
60 36
84 24
57 S7
85 42
84 44
46 52
32 10
nf
sp
sp
sp
nf
sf
27.806
. 8.229
. 5.528
45-033
52.957
8.360
24.097
Distance diminished.
Pos. changed 6° 15' ;
unchanged,
Distance is perfectly
1 20
99
121
121
122
1.69 ,
t, Geminor.
Nova . . . . ,
Nova . . . . ,
1790; 387.
S....542
H&S. 77
S....543
S....544
S....545
53 iN
20 50 N
22 25 S
22 35 N
73 23 N
66 54
85 27
1 25
49 51
8 32
sf
np
np
sp.nf
nf
•3
3«
31
•9
31
,891
,032
•432
,427
.085
Pos. changed 10° 30'; prob''. a Bin, system,
Pos. slightly changed.
100
101
389
102
122
1 9 Lyncis A and B .
AandC.
20 Lyncis
123
^ Geminor
Nova; A and B
Aand C.
Iir. 48
H&S.78
H&S.79
S. Re-exam
H&S.80
S....546
S:.*.'.'547
7 9
7 10
7 15
55 37 N
50 27 N
22 18N
31 48N
20 48 N
43 5
86 45
17 21
16 56
74 35
89 22
20 47
50 44
sp
sp
sp
sp
np
nf
nf
14.
33-
i5<
»5
• 7-
19,
22
. 6
544
357
966
066
248
600
637
516
Scarcely changed.
Epoch 1 8 26. 10.
Probably unchanged.
— 0°. 1 66 per ann. Binary ?
124
404
124
125
125
126
103
106
107
320
126
127
127
128
I
Y.66
63 Geminor
H.C. 314; A andB.
.... AandC.
H.C. 281
H.C. 261
S....548
H&S368
S....549
sWWYso
S....55I
7 17
7 »7
7 20
7 20
7 21
22 30 N
21 49 N
14 13N
iV * Vs
5 37N
« Geminor. A and B
A and C
AandD
A and B
1 45 . 1 9 ; or Nova ? . .
34 Bode Off. Typ..
Nova
Nova
H&S.81
S. Re-exam
S....552
S....553
S....554
S....555
7 23
7 27
7 28
7 28
7 28
5 52
56 16
39 41
39 35
26 12
24 46
np
np
«/
sp
,35.619
Not materially changed.
• 7-
51
40,
.4,
999
627
041
559
32 17N
23 4S
14 6S
14 7S
14 4S
3 57
71 34
45 45
6 42
H 53
33 20
54 41
42 17
sp
sp
sp
np
np
nf
sp
■ 5
10,
17'
.4
•9-
• 7-
20,
34'
355
180
114
767
007
437
276
731
Binary ; mean mot. = — 0^.965 .
Epoch 1825.26.
No material change.
li
detailed in the present, and preceding communications.
Vol.
for
1826
1826
1824
1826
1826
1826
1824
1824
1826
1824
1826
1824
1824
1826
1824
1826
1824
129
129
107
130
130
131
star's Name, &c.
P. VII. 159
Nova
31 Bode Can. Min.
H. C. 275
Pollux; AandB . .
A and C . .
1 09 «■ Geminor
1102 Argo Navis
132 V. 67
110 J2oi Bode Geminor.
132 INova
112
112
3 IH
1826
1824
1826
1826
1824
1826
1826
1826
1824
1826
1824
1826
133
"3
32J
133
323
325
134
9»
134
^3S
136
117
328
118
136
Observer and
Number.
S....556
S....S57
H&S.82
S. Re-exam.
S....5S8
S....559
H&S.83
H&S.84
S. . . .560
H&S.85
S....561
2 Bode Ursae Maj. }
i4Canis Min. i and 2
1 and 3
Nova
1 1 Cancri
29 Monocer.
I and 2
I and 3
Nova
^ Cancri
A and B
Aand C
H. C. 263
1 9 Argo Navis . . .
H.C.54
<p^ Cancri . .
Nova
24 V Cancri
Cancri.
Nova
H&S.86
H&S.87
S. . . .562
H&S.88
S. Re-exam,
H&S.89
S....S63
H&S.90
S. Re-exam.
S....S64
H&S.91
S....S65
S....566
S....567
H&:S.92
S. Re-exam.
H&S.93
S 568
R. A.
h. m.
7 28
7 29
7 31
7 33
7 34
36
37
37
38
4»
7 46
7 49
7 49
7 58
8 2
8 3
i 12
8 ,5
8 15
8 16
8 16
8 17
Decl.
65
34 N
»4
3S
5
43 N
1
6S
28
28 N
5IN
15 s
I3N
47 N
16 S
63 34 N
2 47 N
79 59 N
28 oN
2 28 S
19 18 S
18 iiN
I 48 N
12 24 S
42 34 N
28 26 N
20 43 N
25 7N
27 31 N
23 27 S
Position.
85 43
66 51
37 8
40 40
31 54
17 20
23 37
69 55
69 zy
89 22
o 9
88 o
6 48
24 18
62 50
80 5
84 30
83 IS
27 I
30 16
34 20
68 17
32 10
67 55
68 33
H 3
74 48
68 12
79 25
5^ 13
52 30
58 47
5 o
Qnadraut.
nf
np
sp
nf
np
np
np
sp
nf
*/
nf
np
np
sp
sp
sp
nf
np,sf
sp
nf
sp
nf
nf
sp, nf
nf
Distance.
.. 16.175
I 6.356
.1.405
19.886
18.467
12.312+
33-984
19.660
30.598
. 6.384
50.898
46.647
16.021
52.168
21.440
.4.498
. 4.676
6.503
i8±
2 13.702
. . . 6.241
... 1.086
. . . 5.436
.. 33.621
1 10.175
1 13.040
0.945
37-782
. 6.046
. 6.742
.5.514
40-635
Binary? Pos. changed — 10°.
Epoch 1826.18.
No material change in Pos.
Pos. unchanged.
Identity with Sir W. H's star dubious.
Unchanged.
Dist. increased greatly.
(Single measures.)
Unchanged.
Distance an inaccurate estimation only.
Binary? — o°.58i3 per ann.
I Epoch 1825.27. perhaps a Ternary
5 system.
Binary ? — 0°.$ 1 4 per ann. and Dist. incr. 2'
Epoch 1825.26.
Unchanged.
1826
1824
1826
137
120
138
1826
1826
139
140
Nova
18 Bode Hydrae . . . .
Nova ; A and B
...A and C
Nova ; A and B
...AandC
Nova
S....569
H&S.94
S....570
S....571
S....572
8 23
8 26
8 29
8 30
8*30
25 25 S
7 15N
20 15 N
20 8n
20 16 N
71 34
65 57
6 32
74 44
67 1
29 2
o 16
np
nf
nf
np
*/
sp
nf
,39.723:
. 10.844
■ 57-517
57-9^7
■ 45-037
32.257
15.946
Scarcely changed in Pos.
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
140
141
142
142
•43
Nova
Nova
IV.54
P. VIII. 131
H. C. 270 . .
1826
1826
1824
1826
1826
H3
144
122
144
H5
1824 3
1826 I
1824 3
1826 I
1824 3
123
145
124
146
125
Nova
3 1 Monocerotis .
48 » Cancri . . . .
P. VIII. 160 ...
H. C. 218
H5-I44 :•
130 Bode Lyncis
IV. 1 1 1
cr' Cancri
57 » 2 Cancr. . . . .
•573
•574
•575
•576
•577
8 30
8 30
8 31
8 31
8 33
S....578
S....579
H&S.95
S....580
S....581
8 33
8 35
8 36
8 36
8 37
H&S.96
S 582
H&S.97
S....583
H&S.98
8 39
8 39
8 41
8 41
8 43
20 15 N
20 8N
6 25N
49 30 N
'I 33S
II 16 S
6 35S
29 25 N
1 57 S
II 50N
71 27N
35 45
15 29
33 9
31 16
37 2
21 2
59 47
60 58
3» 9
nf
sp
nf
np
np
32 6
38 35
37 42
" 34
83 27
58 51
7 36
34 16
66 44
70 II
np
np
np
sp
np
sp, nf
sf, np
nf
np
20.692
12.803
27-383
10.J16
.5.589
30.808
17.918
29387
.4.951
13-324
. . . 8.745
. . . 9.661
. . 16.521
I 22.101 ±:
. . . 1.894
No appreciable change.
Very slightly, if at all changed.
Unchanged. ? colour.
Pos. changed — 5° 16'.
Not measured by Sir W.
Unchanged.
H.
VHi
A synoptical view of the results afforded by the observations
Vol.
for
i8z4
1826
i8z6
1824
1826
1824
1826
1826
1824
1826
1826
1824
1826
1826
1826
1824
1826
1826
1826
1824
1824
1824
star's Name, &c.
125
146
126
127
148
148
127
149
17 Hydrae
Nova ....
Nova ....
a-^ Cancri .
a* Cancri .
1826
1826
1824
1826
i8i6
1826
1824
1826
1824
1826
1826
1824
1826
1824
1826
1826
1824
1826 I
1824 3
149
128
150
150
6j p Cancri
Nova
Nova
194. Bode Cancri
H.C. 258
Observer and
Number.
H & S . 99
S....584
S....585
H&S 100
S....586
129
152
152
405
131
405
» 153
3 406
1824
1824
i8z6
1824
1824
1826
1826
1826
1826
1824
1826
Struve, 325
53 Bode Urs. Maj.
Nova
Struve, 328
Nova
38 Lyncis. . .
H.C. 215 ..
Nova
39 Lyncis . .
'ifj{0 Lyncis
27 Hydrae
21 Urs. Maj. i and 2
I and 3
H. C. 324
IV.55
23 h Urs. Maj. . . .
H&S 101
S....587
S 588
H&S 102
S....589
R. A.
b. m.
8 47
8 47
8 47
8 49
a 50
S 590
H&S 103
S....59I
S....592
S....593
S 104
S....594
S....595
S....596
H&S 369
8 51
8 52
8 55
857
8 57
Decl.
7 17S
10 43 S
'7 34S
33 7N
32 57 N
8 58
8 59
9 o
9 I
9 4
28 36 N
82 8N
16 57 S
23 42 N
3 3*N
86 8
58 49
53 12
24 49
45 25
Quadrant
9 7
9 7
9 10
9 10
9 10
'54
•54
39»
131
155
132
J55
156
132
157
'33
157
158
133
«59
134
135
136
137
330
^39
140
'59
160
161
161
141
162
H. C. 273
«* Leonis .
T Hydrae . . . .
Struve, 345
6 Leonis
Struve, 347
H.C. 215; A and B.
AandC.
7 Leonis
Nova
14 Leonis
9 Sextant
H.C.212
40 Bode Felis.
H. C. 283
« Leonis
145-145
7 Leonis i and 2 .
I and 3 .
I and 2 .
145 Bode Leonis
155 Bode Leonis
I. 29
H. C. 150
Nova
Nova
35 Sextant, i and 2.
I and 3 .
42 Leon. Min
H&S 105
H&S 370
S....597
S....598
H&S 371
S....599
S . . . . 600
S. Rc-exam.
H&S 106
S. . . .601
H&S 107
S. . . .602
S. . . .603
H&S 108
S . . . . 604
H&S 109
9 12
9 »3
9 H
9 17
9 17
9 18
9 »9
9 20
9 21
9 22
53 6^
62 24N
16 oN
53'28N
79 '5N
37 34 N
24 24 N
'9 35 S
50 18N
35 9N
52 40
48 57
58 48
68 37
2 35
56 31
64 49
29 56
44 '3
8 1 14
np,sf
sp
np
np
np
np
np
sp
sf,np
Distance.
...5.723
I II. 189
« 9-363
I 29.731
...4.850
Remarks.
8 48S
54 47 N
4 17N
46 26 N
63 5'N
S 605
S....606
H&S no
S 607
H&S III
H&S 112
H&S 113
S. Re-exam
H&S 114
H&8115
S 608
S. . . .609
S ;. . . . 6 1 0
S....6II
H&S 116
S. . . .612
9 23
9 24
9 26
9 27
9 32
9 45
9 47
9 56
9 58
9 59
10 3
10 10
10 II
10 14
10 16
10 22
lo 26
'o 33
10 34
10 36
7 iN
9 50N
2 oS
73 52 N
10 30N
2 16N
40 46 N
15 loN
18 48 S
10 43 N
27 20
73 25
10 2
49 40
57 IS
59 21
39 2
74 36
40 25
71 3'
o 33
sp
nf
np
np
nf
43-H4
24.342
30.232
. 7.640
12.140
•5-513
25.346
• 7-634
20.796
29.320
. 2.887
.7.107
1.147
. 6.059
22.287
57 41
64 14
86 49
44 41
15 27
5 48N
20 37 N
17 12 S
18 26S
12 51 N
71 55 N
20 45 N
7 22N
6 38N
9 39N
22 58 N
16 54S
13 49 S
5 42 N
31 37N
74 16
57 7
25
25
30
55
9
o
53 38
22 43
84 41
z 45
56 12
37 16
sp
np
np
np
*/
np
np>sf
'*/
nf
nf
np
nf
nf
45.689
. 6.474
45.000
22.169
26.649
27-332
Unchanged.
Pos. unchanged.
Pos. unchanged.
Pos. unchanged; Dist. — i".i9.
Unchanged.
'Pos. unchanged.
3-5 '3
I 6.683
. . . 5.090
.. 38.128
75 20
8 24
27 30
II 17
80 15
60 23
26 I
65 30
54 6
76 15
32 26
60 50
82 36
np
*/
np
np,sf
np
.np
nf
np
«/
sp
sp
sp
I
. 3.766
24.581
58.608
44.199
51.840
10.829
Pos. very slightly changed.
Scarcely altered.
, . . 51.022
. .. 30.071
. . 21./J98
..11.352
2 54,906
.. 16.843
••'3H3
. . . 2.716
...6.723
I 0.387
... 3.632
14.205
40.865
59-331
7.869
33-500
20.304
Unchanged.
Changed in Pos. and Dist. ?
Slight change in Pos.
Binary ; mean mot. -f 0° 30' per ann.
Epoch 1825.30.
Pos. changed 4°. 47 ; Dist. unaltered.
Unchanged.
Unchanged.
Single measure.
detailed in the present ^ and preceding communications.
Vol.
for
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
62
63
Star's Name, &c.
64
64
65
P-X. 159
H.C. 331; A &B
A &C
Nova .
P.X. 179.
H. C. 227
Observer
and Number.
s..
s..
,613
.614
s.
s.
s.
,6i5
.616
.617
10 39
10 39
10 39
10 43
lo 45
Deci.
14 41 s
14 20S
13
44 S
8 25N
1 17S
Position.
78 57
72 26
68 44
88 44
3S 2»
87 47
Quadrant.
sp
tip
np
Distance.
31.651
. 7.262
17.861
26.078
12.510
35-223
Remarks.
1824
1826
1824
1826
1826
42 |54Leonis.
Nova
V. Ill
ir. 78 .
Nova .
H&S 117
S 6i8
H&S 118
S. . . .619
S. . . .620
fo 46
10 47
10 49
10 57
10 58
25 43 N
20 9 S
59 50 N
8 oN
12 28S
8 19
54 16
51 ^6
74 1
73 19
sp
• 7-023
19.101
35.010
. 8.637
32.698
Unchanged.
Distance increased ?
Unchanged.
1826
1826
1824
1826
1824
^1
68
68
44
69
407
1790.386; AandB.
A and C. ,
1790-389
145.68
H.C. 61
145-104
S. . . .621
S. . . .622
H&S 119
S. . . .623
H&S 372
II o
II 3
II 6
11 6
II 7
66 59 N
74 26 N
53 44 N
28 33 N
15 22 S
64 30
26 34
26 16
75 29
5
36
13
«/
np
np
np
nf
np
43431
23.201
12.479
13-144
.4.103
20 d:
1824
1824
1824
1826
1826
1826
45
45
46
331
69
70
1824
1824
1824
1826
1824
1826
1826
1824
1824
1826
1826
1824
1824
1824
1826
1826
1824
1824
1S24
1826
1826
1826
1824
1824
1824
1826
1824
1824
1824
1824
72
73
74
58
58
75
76
60
60
61
76
61
62
63
64
145.26 ....
(pLeonis. . .
I Ursae Maj.
H. C. 498
H. C. 223
201 Bode Camelop.
83 Leonis
T Leonis
57 Urs. Maj
145-70
Nova
1790; 381
88 Leonis
90 Leonis i and 2 .
I and 3 .
Nova
H. C. 64
93 Leonis
Nova
I Virginis i and 2
I and 3
H.C. 385
IV.49
V. 60
65 Urs. Maj. i and 2
I and 3
2 Comae Beren
1790; 376
H.C. 232
Nova
H.C. 354
207 Bode Camel.
H.C. 152
Nova
2 Canum Ven
Struve, 408
145.22
55 Bode Com. Ber.
H&S 120
H&S 121
H&S 122
S. Re-exam.
S. . . .624
S. . , .62s
H&S 123
H&S 124
H&S 125
S....626
H&S 126
S. . . .627
S 628
H&S 127
H&S 128
.629
S. . . .630
H&S 129
H&S 130
H&S 131
.631
S. . . .632
H&S 132
H&S 133
H&S 134
S....633
S....634
S....635
H&S 135
H&S 136
H&S 137
S....636
H&S 138
H&S 139
H&S 140
H&S 141
II 17
II 18
II 19
II 19
II 21
II 21
II 21
II 23
II 25
II 28
II 30
II 38
II 38
II 39
II 39
II 43
II 44
ii 46
II 55
II 56
12 o
12 7
12 8
12 9
12 12
6 8S
2 40 S
32 33 N
o 40S
15 16N
82 2N
4 oN
3 50N
40 20 N
42 21 N
16 26 S
60 40 N
15 22N
17 48 N
22 25N
27 57 N
21 13N
21 2N
9 15N
68 19 N
9 48N
16 26 N
47 29 N
22 28 N
52 55 N
15 48 S
I 15S
54 28 N
82 43 N
6 15S
10 58N
41 40 N
81 6N
2 56S
28 5N
7 37
16 56
II 33
25 28
18 I
79 40
np
sp
sp
sp
nf
7.062
46.256
. 2.809
. 2.442
10.145
. 4.927
Much changed in Pos. and Dist.
Binary.
Epoch 1825.25.
43
61
79 «
79 45
o 21
60 45
O 22
50 14
61 8
36 41
5 34
4 o
86 15
65 3
3 25
53 19
89 4
61 44
75 57
55 26
24 17
31 15
4 26
7 3
7 4
46 19
13 16
18 9
24 37
10 29
50 15
72 58
23 42
np
nf
np»sf
np
sp
sp
np
nf
np
nf
np
np
sp
nf
nf
sp
np
np
sp
nf
np
sp
sp
sp
sp
sp
.. 21.876
. . 29.542
I 35.217
. . . 6.294
.. 13.040
28.959
13.040
14.670
• 4-452
0.753
44.374
... 5.592
I 14.897
I 16.861
11.845
30.382
37-112
. 4.020
2.185
. 3.685
- 8.309
. 7.971
23-673
12.102
3-445
. 9.225
26.580
11-534
15-389
21.017
• 9-453
Pos. changed +6° 11'.
Much increased in Dist.
DifF. of Pos. = 4° 9'.
Scarcely altered.
No change.
Pos. unchanged.
Pos. changed 5° 14'. Dist. diff. 2''.9
Pos. changed — 5°.
Unchanged.
Scarcely altered.
Very little, if at all changed.
Unchanged.
MDCCCXXVi.
A synoptical view of the results afforded by the ohservatiom
165
333
166
77
167
77
167
[68
169
79
70
335
71
334
73
79
74
180
74
75
76
H. C. 230 .... .
Nova
IV. 58 I and z.
.... I and 3.
.... I and 4.
35 Comas Ber,. .
H.C.73
180
[76
77
77
,78
407
li
li
[80
[82
•83
181
■83
li
182
182
■ 84
185
;85
[86
:8s
;86
408
[86
[86
[87
[87
[87
188
[88
star's Name, &c.-
17 Virginis
12 Com. Ber.
Nova
H. C. 385..,
Nova
^Corvi
H. C. 231 ..,
145.118. . . .
24 Com. Ber.
V. 129
Nova . . . . ,
145-38 ....
y Virginis
III. 53
Nova .
Nova
II. 42
P. XII. 221 ..
12 Can. Ven.
Struvk, 430.
212 Bode Camel.
Nova
Nova
9 Virgin, i and 2
...... I and 3
Nova
Nova
54 Virginis
Nova
P. XIII. 25
H. C. 506 .
^ Urs. Maj
426 BoDB Urs. Maj.
V. 128
Nova
iH.C.33s?
Nova
8 1 Virginis . .
0 84 Virginis.
Nova
Nova
Nova . . . .
H. C. 335
Nova . . . .
Nova . . . .
fi Bootis . .
Observer
and Nuiiiber.
H&S 142
S. Re-exam.
H&S 143
S....637
H&S 144
S....638
H&S 145
H&S 146
H&S 147
H&S 148
S....639
S 64.0
H&S 149
S. Re-exam,
H&S 150
S. Re-exam,
H&S 151
S 641
H&S 152
S.. . .642
H&S 153
H&S 154
H&S 155
S....643
H&S 156
H&S 157
H&S 158
H&S 159
H&S 373
S 644
S....645
H&S 160
S....646
S....647
H&S 161
S 648
H&S 162
H&S 163
H&S 164
S 649
H&S 165
S. . . .650
H&S 166
S....651
H&S 167
H&S 374
S....652
S....6S3
S....6S4
H&S 168
S....655
S....656
H&S 169
R. A.
b. m.
12 13
13
18
2
2
2 19
2 20
2 21
2 22
2 25
2 26
2 29
2 29
2 32
2 32
2 36
2 36
2 40
2 40
2 43
2 44
2 44
2 44
2 46
2 47
2 48
2 48
2 48
2 51
2 58
3 I
3 I
3 4
3 5
3 6
3 15
17
22
23
25
3 26
3 27
3 28
3 34
3 36
3 38
3 40
3 41
3 42
3 42
3 46
Decl.
6 19N
26 51 N
18 58S
45 50 N
26 54N
15 30 S
2 20N
75 46 N
19 22N
3 23S
4 22 S
12 1 S
o 27S
2 54S
15 20N
4 48N
14 58N
20 9N
22 14N
16 oN
4S
54 S
29 N
18N
iN
84 24 N
15 18N
I 35N
4 34S
16 25 N
I 43 S
7 5»S
19 oN
10 24S
3 38N
55 52N
60 53 N
II 46S
«2 33S
27 loN
25 35 S
6 57 S
4 27N
9 40S
19 18N
25 N
S2N
35 N
12N
19N
Position.
69 36
66 15
78 47
66 54
72 52
19 ^3
56 27
19 39
6j 10
2 7
15 22
5 50
29 26
31 27
13 24
6
78
56 35
75 38
53 50
67 49
59 23
4 o
38 18
79 53
60 19
73 43
43 2
15 »5
57 o
81 9
84 48
77 8
24 3
72 46
56 9
56 17
25 22
28 21
13 39
57 46
21 2
11 13
59 10
24 51
77 30
47 16
40 9
56 50
82 55
32 13
70 25
14 o
6i 50
29 27
Quadrant.
np
np
sp
.sp
np
np
np
sp
nf
sp
np
sp
sp, nf
np
np
np
sp
nf
np
np
np
sp
nf
nf, sp
sf
nf
nf
sp
nf
sp
*/
sp
sp
nf
sp
Distance.
20.937
19.910
5.950
»-635
11.079
24.436
24.005
49745
. 5.865
20.647
50-555
10.197
.6.881
. 6.077
• 3-794
. 3.263
16.766
33-359
10.109
54.421
9.666
31.644
29.494
• 7-995
23.509
6.758
29.170
19.764
.4.136
22.069
27.159
. 8,098
. 8.301
. 4.090
43 '29
. 6.774
28.970
44.847
28.465
14.455
1.495
47.720
45-524
. 9.613
10.350
. 4.020
.3.918
53.869
30.517
10.844
. 5.664
35-054
26.033
6.203
Pos. changed + 1 1^
Epoch 1825.30.
Pos. unchanged.
15', arising from
[proper motion,
Unchanged.
Unchanged.
Epoch 1825.28.
Binary; mean mot. — o°,667.
Epoch 1825.32.
Unchanged.
Unchanged.
Pos. changed ■\- 7° 55'.
Unchanged.
Pos. changed -f 7°5o'.
Distance increased.
Unchanged.
Distance increased.
Pos. changed — 6° 4'.
Binary? mean mot. rr — o°.288.
il
detailed in the present, and preceding communications.
Vol.
for
1824
1826
1826
1824
1824
1826
1826
1826
1826
1824
189
88
i89
[90
[90
star's Name, &c.
H. C. 162
Nova . . . .
H.C. 335.
T Virginis
145.82 ...
observer
and Number.
H&S 170
S....6S7
S 658
H&S 171
H&S 172
R. A.
h. m.
'3 46
13 5»
13 52
13 54
Decl.
o /
33 43 N
7 12S
26 41 N
2 26N
20 17N
Position.
58 28
38 i6
28 52
19 57
71 43
Quadrant.
np
sp
np
Distance.
.... 7.780
. . . . 2.699
5.016
. I 19.290
. .. 21.392
189
[90
[90
191
191
H.C.233.
Nova . . . ,
Nova . . . ,
Nova . . . .
145.98...
S....659
S 660
S....661
S....662
H&S 173
»3 56
14 o
14 I
H 3
»4 5
17 12S
22 3N
2 30S
29 35 N
6 14N
79 *7
69 43
62 51
17 32
79 20
nf
«/
sp
32.031
. 4.888
• 7-937
13.801
. 6.049
1824
1824
1824
1824
1824 3
[91
'93
[94
'95
[96
1824
1824
1824
1824
1824
[97
198
'99
200
201
1824
1824
1826
1826
1824
1824
1826
1824
1824
1824
1826
1824
202
204
336
191
208
208
33^
213
216
409
192
215
1824
1826
1824
1826
1824
1824
1824
216
192
217
193
218
K Bootis . . .
» Bootis
P. XIV. 62
H.C. 334 .
H. C. 470 .
H&S 174
H&S 175
H&S 176
H&S 177
H&S 178
H
H
7
10
»3
14 14
14 15
X Turdi Sol.
H.C. 165 ..
IT Bootis. . . ,
^ Bootis . . . .
II. 82
73 Hydrae
{ Bootis . .
Nova . .
a Librae
I Bootis
39 Bootis
H5-28
1 8 Librae
Nova
346 Bode Bootis.
145-63 •....
Nova
45 37
33 Bode Urs. Min.
44 Bootis
H&S 179
H&S 180
H&S 181
H&S 182
H&S 183
H&S 184
H&S 185
S, Re-exam,
S....663
H&S 186
H&S 187
S. Re-exam.
H&S 188
H&S 190
H&S 375
S....664
H&S 189
H&S191
S....665
H&S 192
S....666
H&S 193
14 15
14 22
H 32
»4 33
H 36
H 36
14 37
14 40
14 41
H 43
14 44
1448
14 49
H 53
H 55
H 55
H 55
14 56
14 56
14 58
52
52
6
9
12
39N
12N
56 S
16N
3N
3» 15
56 36
77 6
83 24
65 17
19 8S
29 6N
17 12N
14 31 N
8 27N
25 49
7 36
7 53
36 58
4 27
24 40 S
27 51 N
23
30 S
'5
15S
19
51N
46 40
52 59
54 26
50 53
44 33
70 54
67 o
27 N
35 S
24 S
29 N
2N
54 33 N
17 13S
6 12N
75 36 N
48 21 N
44 55
o 9
54 8
84 2
68 S3
sp
np
sp
np
^•136
38.047
. 5.880
. 7.185
1 o. 1 92
Pos. slightly changed.
Very little changed.
np
sp
35.121
25.781
. 6.889
. 1.683
• 7.335
np
np
sp
np
np
np
. . . 9.995
... 3.931
••• 3.356
. . 56.696
3 50-853
. . . 8.696
. . . 7.776
73 »o
I 51
j6 30
52 3
40 53
np
nf
sp
-L
np
^f
np
nf
sp
. 4.626
10.833
26.614
25.837
36.544
. . . 40.845
. . 25.270
. . 10.749
2 53.180
...2.277
Unchanged.
Unchanged in Position.
Changed 8° 25' in Pos.
Binary; mean mot. +o°.4378.
Epoch 1825.34.
Greatly changed in Pos. and Dist.
Epoch 1825.37.
Probably changed in Pos. ; our observa
[tions rather dubiou
Unchanged.
219
410
1826
1824
1826
193
220
194
H.C. 472
24 Librae 1 and 2.
I and 3 ,
Nova
97 Bode Librae...
Nova
H&S 194
H&S 376
S....667
H&S 195
S 658
14 59
15 2
•5 3
15 4
^S 4
55N
6S
60 50
21 39
4 55 S
17 45 S
39 38N
21 39
65 39
50 58
63 50
sp
*/
np
sf
np
• 4-777
50.629
31.181
49037
10.740
1824
1824
1824
1826
1824
221
221
222
'95
222
V. 125...
14562 ...
H. C. 289.
Nova . . . .
^ Bootis . .
H&S 196
H&S 197
H&S 198
S....669
H&S 199
»5 5
15 8
28 36 N
19 56N
39 22N
15 5N
34 oN
43 17
80 51
13 29
73 8
10 31
sp
nf
np
nf
nf
32.553
35.842
31239
. 6.057
45-333
1824
1826
1824
1S24
1824
1826
223
195
224
225
226
339
H.C. 470...
5 Serpentis. .
« Coron. Bor.
H.C. 288...
17
H&S 200
S. . . .670
H&S 201
H&S 202
H&S 203
S. Re-exam.
15 10
15 lO
15 16
15 18
15 18
II 7N
2 28N
30 57 N
8 41 S
37 59 N
84 20
50 57
64 3
44 39
63 42
^3 32
nf
nf
*/
np
np
13.268
10.698
• 1-577
51.760
. 1.652
. 1.421
> I, 2 and 3 are precisely in a line.
Slightly changed in Pos.
Scarcely changed.
Binary; mean mot. — 0**.578j.
Epoch 1825.46.
A synoptical view of the results afforded by the observations
Vol.
for
229
196
197
197
231
341
411
232
198
234
1824
1824
1824
1824
1824
1826
1824
1824
Star's Name, &c.
HA Bootis . . .
Nova
Nova
Nova
S Serpentis .
Struve, 489
178 Bode Librae. . .
Nova
H. C. 469
^ Coron. Bor
236 145.32.
237
238
239
240
Observer
and Number.
H & S . 204
S 671
S 672
S 673
H&S.205
S. Re-exam.
H&S.
H&S.
S
H&S.
H&S.
377
206
674
207
208
w' Urs. Min.
II. 85
III. 103..
H.C. 343.
198
199
240
241
1824
1826
1826
243
343
345
346
199
Nova J A and B . .
.. AandC...
V. 126
II. 21 ; I and 2..
I and 3..
I Scorpii
AandB.
AandC.
B andC.
Coronae Bor. . . .
H&S. 209
H&S. 210
H&S. 211
H&S. 212
H&S. 213
R. A.
h. m.
15 18
15 18
15 22
15 23
15 26
15 27
IS 30
15 32
15 33
15 33
15 40
15 40
IS 47
15 48
IS 49
Decl.
38 IN
10 20 S
19 35 S
23 52 S
11 9N
Position.
Quadrant.
27 20 N
8 iiS
36 54N
10 33 S
37 iiN
S 675
H&S. 214
H&S. 215
H&S. 216
S. Re-exam.
S 676
IS 51
15 52
IS 54
15 54
IS 54
36 59 N
81 2N
I 39S
3 5
6N
19 24S
22 16N
17 S4N
10 56 S
10 52S
33 52N
81 51
42 44
13 14
27 24
70 37
69 49
30 20
82 46
5 o
38 5
30 57
S3 43
6 43
55 »7
S3 4
52 10
np
np,sf
sp
sp
sp
sp
sp
nf
np
61 46
33 34
53 25
10 57
78 39
11 37
81 54
9 3
»7 30
35 6
np
nf
np
np
np
Distance.
I 48.539
•••9-573
.. 11.468
...9.178
... 3.053
...3.268
.5.941
11.862
15.648
27.066
.7.168
sp
sp
sp
*/
np
nf
31-517
31.102
. 6.882
10.665
19.890
Unchanged.
Binary ; mean mot. — o°.']z6.
Epochs 1825.46 and 1825.42.
Changed + 5° 6' in Position.
Changed — 9° 8' in Pos. and nearly 3" in
Distance.
. . . 5.086
I 1-533
• • 34.923
. . 10,601
4 41.533
. . . 6.769
...1.358
. . . 6.961
I 19.196
Binary ? Mean mot. — o°.256.
} Epoch 1825.50. Not the slightest alter-
ation in the Pos. or Dist. of A. and B.
Sir W. H's Pos. = 54° 27' sf Mr. H. sup-
poses his micrometer was erroneously
read off.
1824
1824
1824
1824
1824
1826
244
245
246
247
247
347
jS Scorpii . .
H.C. 159.
x Herculis.
Scorpii. . .
49 Serpent.
1824
1826
1824
248
348
350
252
0- Coron. Bor.
1824
1824
1824
254
255
256
1824
1824
1826
1826
1824
1824
1824
1824
1824
1824
257
259
201
202
260
H&S. 217
H&S. 218
H&S. 219
H&S. 220
H&S. 221
S. Re-exam.
^Aand B
A andC
V Coron. Bor. 1 and 2
I and 3
20 o- Scorpii
V.134
V. 124
H&S. 222
S. Re -exam,
H&S. 223
H&S. 224
H & S.225
H&S. 226
y Herculis . . .
g 5 Ophiuchi.
II. 88
23 Herculis. .
H &S.227
H&S. 228
s (>n
S 678
H.C. 78.
H&S. 229
IS
15
16
16
16
16 8
16 10
16 10
16 10
16 10
16 14
16 15
16 15
16 16
16 18
18S
49 N
32N
58 S
iN
63 30
58 44
80 25
68 12
41 57
48 10
^f
np
nf
np
np,sf
np
34 20 N
29 36 N
25 9 S
19 36 S
19 40 s
19 35N
23 iS
14 15 N
32 45 N
37 27 N
18 27
12 29
0 39
65 33
35 9
1 II
64 58
69 29
26 14
87 30
48 23
69 38
j6 21
nf
ff
sf
nf
nf
7ip
np
nf
sp
nf
np
nf
np
13.650
31.935
31.169
40.817
.4.215
.3.501
Unchanged.
Distance diminished 8".7i 1.
Unchanged.
Binary; mean mot. + o°.5io.
Epoch 1825.41.
• 1-455
. 1.480
42.175
28.694
6.420
20.595
47.120
13.280
Binary; mean mot. -f 2.13, much
lerated and Dist. diminished.
Epochs 1825.44 and 1825.49
Epoch 1825.53.
Unchanged in Distance.
Slightly changed.
acce-
•38-325
. . 4.065
. . 6.770
. 36.844
. 10.155
No material change.
Sir W. H's. Pos. zz 54° 6' sp ; it cannot be
the same star.
261
261
262
263
263
III. 102
71 Bode Hercul.
11. 23 ,
H, C. 228
36 Hercul
H&S. 230
H& S.23 1
H&S. 232
H&S. 233
H& S.234
16 21
16 21
16 23
16 23
16 32
iN
47 N
51N
42 N
33N
71 26
19 12
51 7
17 29
39 37
np
nf
. . . 14-833
....3-236
. . . . 7.649
...59.544
.1 8.839
Probably changed in Pos.
detailed in tJw present, and preceding communications.
Vol.
for
1824
1826
1824
1824
1826
1824
1826
1824
1826
1824
Star's Name, &c.
265
20Z
264
1826
1826
1824
1824
1824
1826
267
267
203
268
203
412
17 Dracon
Nova
V. 127; I and 2...
I and 3 . . .
f Herculis
Observer and
Number.
H.C. 369.
Nova
1826
1824
206
1826
1824
1826
1824
1824
1826
1824
1826
1826
1824
207
269
269
271
352
43 Herculis.
46 Herculis.
19 Ophiuchi
208
272
1826
1826
1826
1824
1824 3
353
354
355
274
208
275
Nova ; A and B . . .
A and C...
A and D . . .
Nova
P. XVI. 236
H.C. 510
2 1 /* Draconis ,
H&S.236
S .679
H&S.235
R. A.
H & S.237
S. Re-exam.
H&S238
S 680
H&S 239
S 681
H&S 378
h. m.
16 32
16 32
16 34
Decl.
16
35
^6 35
16 35
16 37
16 38
16 38
1824
1826
1824
1824
1826
276
364
277
210
210
277
Nova
36 Ophiuchi I and 2
I and 3
A and B..
A andC.
B andC.
« Herculis
38 Ophiuchi
^g 0 Ophiuchi. . . .
S 682 16
S....683
H&S 240
H&S 241
H&S 242
S. Re-exam.
39
53 17 N
23 23 N
6 57N
31 56N
Position.
24 oN
13 58N
8 55N
28 42N
2 24N
25
I
21
74
26
5
o
10
Qualrant.
Distance.
21 27
65 36
39 9
73 51
10 ±
S....684
H&S 243
S. Re-
exam.
H&S 244
S....685
H&S 245
30 18N
36 15 N
19 15S
47 36 N
54 43 N
Herculis H&S 246
S. Re-exam,
» Serp. Ophiuch | H&S 247
Nova
70 Herculis
p Herculis .
211 iNova
211 Nova
2 1 2 Nova
278
279
280
1826
1826
1826
1824
1826
1824
1824
1824
>82+|3
1826 I
213
281
283
214
53 Ophiuchi
v Draconis . .
254 Bode Oph. i 8c 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
III. 104. A and B.. .
A and C .
61 Ophiuchi
H. C. 348
Nova
S 686
S....687
H&S 248
S....688
S....689
S — .690
H&S 249
H&S 250
17
H&S
30 37N
26 18 S
14 36N
26 25 s
24 5 S
59 42
50 27
76 15
69 30
42 44
6 3
61 39
61 2
np
np
np
sp
...4.512
• • 17.034
• • 54307
I 30.275
Single.
Single.
10'
. 6.755
13.929
20.094
• 5-391
or 15"
89 10
42 41
19 5
41 32
16 1
17 41
29 33
60 50
85 47
nf
sp
np
sp,nf
sp,nf
Remarks.
Unchanged.
1825.57.
No certainty in Pes. j but increased i
[Distanc(
251
214
215
216
284
216
285
286
412
287
217
i^ Herculis. . . .
295 Bode Oph.
Nova
■vj/ Draconis . , .
Nova
S .... 69 1
H&S 25 2
H&S 253
S. . . .692
25 3N
12 39S
28 57 N
24 41 N
37 19N
37 8N
39 25 N
35 5N
9 43N
55 19N
82 10
83 33
S9 13
85 31
33 26
37 53
sp,nf
np
sp
np
np
*/
np
np
.. 14.761
I 4.299
1 min. ±
...7.158
. . . 5.641
1 55.126
. . . 3.907
• • • 4-330
np
■ • 24.499
..5.546
Distance
. . 5.200
; 15.252
t 13.689
..5.286
•• 7.137
. 12.512
Binary; mean mot. — o°.5792.
Epochs 1825.52 and 1825.47.
17 30 2 8N
17 32
17 36
17 36
17 38
S. . . .693
S . . . . 694
S 695
H&S 254
S....696
6y Ophiuchi
H.C. 168 ..
H5-40
95 Herculis.
II. 90 ,
H&S 255
H&S 256
H&S 379
H&S257
S....697
^7 39
'7 43
17 43
^7 45
17 51
17 52
17 52
17 52
'7 54
'7 54
24 30 N
2 41 N
13 14S
31 14N
76 13
71 39
39 25
78 41
42 23
58 7
68 37
27 23
81 2
71 50
3 33
66 48
65 33
sp
sp
np, sf
. . . 28.869
. . . 26.694
..50.213
..54.982
3 38.339
. . . 4.463
Inaccurate from erroneous micrometric
Epochs 1824.86 and 1825.17. [readin
Epoch 1825,27.
Epoch 1825.53,
Unchanged.
Pos. unaltered ; Dist. increased 3", if tht
Unchanged in Pos. [same star,
Altered + 9° 42' in Pos. and— 5*.349 j
Epoch 1825.50. [Dis
Pos. changed 7° 32'; Dist. + i".494.
27 50 N
1 loN
25 19 N
72 14 N
6 51 S
2 57N
30 5N
22 58 S
21 36 N
26 33 N
29 H
32 6
54 30
75 14
77 45
53 4
*/
8 53
np
61 45
sp
8 8
nf
71 46
^f
np
nf
nf
nf
*/
sp
np
sp
sp
*/
nf
np
• - 33.348
1 29.272
. . 10.799
. . 41.662
1 2.242
51.213
1 8 . 090
54-310
17.214
28.267
20.520
15.869
. 5.029
Unchanged in Pos.
Unchanged in Pos.
29.297
22.681
. 6.768
31777
. 8.396
Change in Pos. -f 2^46' and + 2".88i in
' [Dist.
Unchanged.
Probably unchanged.
55.228
20.181
10.952
. 6.623
• • 7.503
Perhaps slight change in Pos.
MDCCCXXVI.
IV
A synoptical view of the results afforded hy the observations
Vol.
for
1826
1824
1826
1826
1824
1824
1826
1824
1824
1824
I 217
3 288
I 365
I 218
292
3I293
star's Name, &c.
Nova
70 p Ophiuchi
1824 3
1824 3
1824 3
1824 3
1826 I
1824
1826
219
294
296
296
297
S 698
H&S258
S. Re-exam.
Nova S....699
H.C.362 H&S2S9
HI. 56 H&S260
Observer
and Number.
U. A.
Decl.
h. m.
«7 54
17 56
17 56
i7 57
17 57
Nova ._.
73 ? Ophiuchi
100 Herculis..
Nova
Struve, 569..
1826
1824
298
299
299
219
3 1301
1I371
I. 86
H. C. 298
40 Ceph. or Drac.
H.C.474
59 rf Serpent
S 700
H&S261
H&S262
H&S263
H&S264
I 220
1826
i8z6
1826
1824
1824
1824
,1826
1826
1824
1824
1824
303
H&S265
H&S266
H&S267
S 701
H&S268
S. Re-exam
18
18
18
18
18
22 30 S
2 33N
25 23 N
64 9 N
12 oN
Position. Quadrant.
Nova ....
39 Dracon.
372
373
220
305
305
1824
1824
1824
1826
1824
1826
1824
1826
1824
1824
1824
307
374
221
309
310
310
3'i
3^3
3H
375
315
221
I and 2 .
I and 3.
I and 2 .
I and 3 .
Nova . . . .
H. C. 300
H. C. 294
S....702
H&S269
18 12
18 12
18 13
18 15
18 18
16 43 S
3 57 N
26 5N
18 49 S
18 38 S
47 27
64 48
58 3
53 17
15 27
12 21
S. Re-exam,
S....703
H&S270
H&S271
18 20
18 21
18 25
18 30
18 30
25 28 N
15 10 S
71 s8N
6 41 S
o 5N
84 38
12 23
87 35
77 52
37 22
tip
«/
sp .
np
sp
Remarks.
«Lyr£ H&S272
S. Re-exam.
S....704
H&S273
H&S274
H&S275
H.C. 87 .
IV. 94...
H. C. 296
5 Aquilae .
4» • Lyrx
inter i and 5 Lyrae
5 L> rse
1^ Lyrae.
Nova . .
1824 3
1826 I
1826 I
1826 I
1824
317
222
317
318
319
H&S276
H&S277
H&S278
S. Re-exam
H&S279
S....70S
18 31
18 32
18 36
18 36
i8 37
19 13N
58 42 N
32 8N
52 13N
41 7N
82 48
5» 37
34 56
71 o
48 5
48 34
np
sp
nf,sp
nf
H.C. 170 .
/ Lyras . . . .
(3 Lyrae
H.C. 19? .
9 Serpentis ,
1824
1826
1826
1824
1826
320
223
224
225
321
322
226
226
323
227
0 Draconis . . . .
1 1 Aquilae . . . .
11.93
1.58
P. XVIIL 274
1826
1824
1826
1824
1824
228
324
229
325
325
H&S280
S 706
H&S281
H&S282
H&S283
18 38
18 38
18 38
18 38
18 39
38 37 N
9 33N
34 32 N
10 39 S
I 9S
76 51
86 5
68 5
84 40
68 36
66 9
4 34
70 15
np
sp
sp
sp
np
np
ip .
42 7
43 30
I 4
5 51
66 18
32 42
sp, nf
nf
nf
nf
sp .
np
np
39 27 N
39 27 N
39 27 N
37 25 N
34 22 N
18 42
18 42
18 43
18 48
18 48
H&S284
S....707
S 708
S....709
H&S285
15 Aquilse.
Nova
Nova . . . .
IIL 109 . .
1-59
233 Bode Dracon.
H. C. 19?
Nova
Prec. VI Lyrse I H &S 289
6 Bode Cygni H&S290
H&S286
S 710
S 711
H&S287
S 712
18 49
18 51
18 52
18 52
18 54
10 47 N
32 37 N
33 loN
33 46 N
3 58N
64 7
50 ±
69 56
69 II
59 51
68 12
18 56
18 57
18 57
18 58
18 58
59 loN
13 23N
14 41 N
36 iiN
o 58S
85 28
33 58
60 I
80 15
14 26
*/
nf
np
nf
np> */
np, s
4 »7S
16 33 S
27 4S
6 53N
35 32N
S....713
H&S 288
S....714
79 "
29 28
18 19
20 21
58 49
sp
np
np
sp
np
np
sf
30.922
. 4.266
,.4.765
■ 18.744
. 21.093
. . 6.748
Binary ; mean mot. — 6°. 8 11 ; not uniform
Epoch 1825 56.
Scarcely altered.
28.969
. 1.989
14.281
54-302
16.419
Distance increased.
. 4.587
14.091
21.362
. 6.761
.4.151
. 4.465
...6.288
...3.599
I 30.201
...3-593
1 28.939
. . . 6.433
. . 26.226
. . . 6.000
Unchanged.
Binary ?
Epoch 1825.54.
Binary? mean mot. —o°.205.
J Epoch 1825.55.
42.108
41.563
57-657
24.630
. 5.306
, 14.468
Changed in Pos. and Dist. by proper mot«,
Epoch 1825.56.
, . 4.010
.53 ±
. . 3.801
. . 3.340
. 44.240
. . 4.492
Binary ? mean mot. — o°.i9.
Binary ; mean mot. — o°.325.
Epoch 1825.53.
. 4.794
59.840
45-778
46.035
21.679
Change of Pos. = -{-5° 21'.
29-949
19.658
. 6.677
.5.478
, 26.019
No material change.
Unchanged.
Pos. changed 7° 21'; ann. mot. -{- o .173.
18 59
19 2
19 2
19 6
19 7
75 33N
34 18N
34 28 N
38 44N
49 31 N
detailed in the present, and preceding communications.
Vol.
for
1824
1826
1826
1824
1824
Star's Name, &c.
Observer
and Number.
R. A.
1826
1824
1824
1824
1824
326
229
230
328
231
329
330
352
Lyras . ,
Nova . . ,
Nova . . .
fl Lyrae . .
H.C. 90.
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1824
1826
1824
1824
}24
231
232
233
233
234
235
28 Aquilae.
H. C. 1 1 1 .
111.57....
II. 69
$ Cygni...
H&S291
S....715
S....716
H&S292
H&S293
S....7,7
H&S 294
H&S295
H&S 296
H&S 297
1824
1824
1826
1824
1826
1826
1824
1826
1824
1826
1824
1824
334
236
335
336
336
n. 99
Nova A and B.
AaiidC.
»3
Sagitta:
H.C. 116
b.
19
19
»9
^9
Decl.
19 II
19 18
19 19
19 21
19 24
S.
S.,
..718
..719
s.
S.
S.
.720
,721
722
19 25
19 25
38 5IN
16 I5S
16 I4S
37 49 N
5 16N
Quadrant.
12 iN
9 54S
20 46 N
36 loN
27 35 N
5 58
74 33
70 51
17 52
87 46
85 6
35 49
63 26
23 16
35 15
nf
«/
sp
np
Distance.
29.336
.9.176
. 6.286
41.665
31.420
Remarks.
27 54 N
36 21 N
337
338
236
339
376
237
151 Bode Aquilag.
f-9i
1 6 Cygni
Struve, 634
Nova I and z ....
1 and 3
339
238
340
377
340
342
1826
1826
1824
1824
1824
1824
1826
1826
1826
1824
Struve, 635
Struve, 636 i and 2.
I and3.
Nova
^ Cygni ,
H&S 298
S 723
H&S 299
H&S 3C0
H&S 301
H&S 302
H&S 303
V. 137.
X Cygni..
Nova . . . .
w Aquilas.
^ Sagittae .
» Aquilx.
238 II. 95.
239 III. 112.
343 57 Aquilae.
344 Struve, 647.
345 {1 Draconis.
S....724
H&S 304
S. Re-exam,
S....725
19 27
19 29
19 29
19 34
19 36
19 37
19 38
19 38
10 33 S
16 4N
17 19S
19 38
'9 38
H&S 305
S 726
H&S 306
S. Re-exam.
H&S 307
H&S 308
'9 39
^9 39
'9 39
346 4/ Cygni
240 JNova ; A and B
.... A and C
"/xSagittffi
Nova
I. 96 I and 2
.... 1 and 3
S....727
S....728
H&S 309
H&S 310
H&S 311
241
241
348
1824
349
1824
1824
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1824 3
351
352
243
243
244
244
245
246
247
353
H.
Nova
Nova
Nova
Nova
C. 16 J I and 2.
I and 3 .
H&S 312
S 729
19 40
19 40
19 41
19 41
19 42
8 43 S
10 21 N
50 6 N
33 14N
33 HN
^5 38
33 27
24 46
46 3
857
32 45
np,sf
ff, sp
59.280
11.314
. 6.938
• 7-430
34-383
n 52 N
35 39N
20 30 N
44 42 N
34 37 N
56 34
6 27
45 13
56 15
15 56
57 35
»9 43
19 43
»9 45
19 45
19 49
20 N
27 N
22 N
18 43 N
8 24N
S 730
S 731
H&S 313
H&S 314
II. 70
V. 136
9Sagittae A and B...
AandC...
Nova
II. 96 .*.'
H&S 315
H&S 316
S 732
^""133
19 51
19 52
19 52
'9 53
19 56
o 2N
43 55 N
8 42S
19 53N
69 48 N
68 30
36 52
1 '
? 34
Single.
Single.
60 49
nf
nf
np
nf
sp
6.840
. . . . 6.295
. . . 53.228
4.488
.1 31.913
. . . 10.669
Sir W. H. has no measures of this star.
Changed + 4° 50' in Pos. ; Dist. unaltered
Changed + 5° 56' in Pos.
Unchanged.
np
np,sf
np
nf
37.112
• 3-994
37-504
25.871
16 42
63 30
45 27
33 27
44 32
55 48
nf
sp
sp
nf
51 58N
35 3N
S....734
S....735
S....736
S....737
H&S 317
20
20
20
20
17 7N
46 5 N
35 32 N
26 42
70 23
81 8
58 30
8c 21
35 18 N
88 o
25 47
34 12
74 10
63 24
86 52
59 29
sp
np
np
.2
11.936
»5-i33
19.831
. 5.122
38.745
Probably unchanged.
Probably annual motion = + 0^.148.
Unchanged.
Probably a slow change of Pos.
Probably unchanged.
25-503
33.444
. 1.957
1825.
No material change.
np
*/
np,sf
np
Probably unchanged.
have been 35°.27' sf (S.)
Micrometer read off incorrectly; should
1.549 [Epoch 1825.61. Unchanged.
8.818 JBinary? mean motion.
2 33-375
• 5.587
10.415
36.158
42.427
. 2.590
sp
np
sp
nf
sp, nf
*/
np
Common proper motion.
No sensible variation.
Unchanged.
Probably unchanged.
Pos. unchanged.
20
20
20
20
20
35 >7N
35 7 N
20 36 N
34 57 N
16 16N
o 40S
20 22 N
20 25 N
o 19N
30 58
61 48
33 26
54 3
71 o
32 48
75 24
07 43
57 58
43 II
39 24
61 48
np
nf
sp
np
np
np
nf
sp
np
sp
sp
....4.321
....4.318
.4 2.884
•I 55-931
5.992
* ' * '41.335 \ Hardly changed in Pos.
10.793
36.523
20.164
9-479
.4.518
• 5-355
. . . . 6.605
. . 54.670
... u 777
I 10.088
I 41.069
... 4,100 j Perhaps a slow change in Pos.
Probably unchanged.
Unchanged.
Distance unchanged.
Posit, not given by
[Sir W. H.
XVI
A synoptical view of the results afforded by the observations
Vol.
for
1826
1826
1826
1824
1826
1824
1826
1824
1826
1826
247
248
248
354
I249
star's Name, &c.
Observer and
Number.
1826
H.C.297
Nova
P.XX.43,44
H.C. 182
Nova ; A and B . . .
AandC.
355
250
413
251
251
« Capricorni
0* Cygni. . . .
a- Capricorni
32 Cygni...
Nova
S....738
S....739
S....740
H&S318
S....74>
R. A.
Decl.
Position.
Quadrant.
b.
20
20
20
20
I20
33 7N
6 33S
6 4N
4 2 S
21 45 N
H&S 319
S 742
H&S 380
S....743
S....744
1826
1824
1826
1824 3
1826
1826
1826
1824
252
253
355
258
259
356
379
^ Capricorni A and B
A and C
H.C. 240
1.95
Nova; A and B .
BandC.
Cephei
1824
1826
1826
1826
1826
254
255
358
359
•745
20 8
20 8
20 9
20 10
20 II
S....746 ,
H&S 320 I
S....747
H&S 321
S. Re-exam.
20 II
20 12
20 14
20 14
20 15
13 3 S
46 12N
19 40 S
47 loN
12 28N
H.C. 176
P. XX. 140
p Capricorni. VI. 29 . .
11.51.-
361 0 12 Capricorni
255 Nova
S....748
S....749
H&S 322
H&S 323
H&S 324 |20 20
S 750 120 22
15 21 S
45 4N
54 48 N
15 50N
77 loN
22 15
39 26
77 II
36 33
86 13
60 12
21 26
83 53
86 27
85 34
52 51
20 i»
20 18
20 19
20 20
I 1256
I 256
I 257
1824I 3I362
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
15 Bode Delphin.. . S 751
H.C. 537 S....752
37 Bode Cephei S 753
H.C. 109 \ll8cS 325
1824
1826
1826
1826
1824
I 258
I 259
I 260
I 261
I 261
210 Bode Cygni.
u^ Cygni
Nova
H.C. 114
IV. 92; AandB.
20 22
20 22
20 22
20 23
754 20 23
13 44 S
2 42 S
18 24S
18 24S
19 loS
25 48 N
2 54
43 40
43 28
69 39
61 40
17 ±
38 4
36 24
sp, nf
sp
%
Distance.
np
np
. 41.862
. 25.116
.43.893
. . 14.491
. . . 6.439
••57-325
Remarks.
12.999
46-393
53704
28.496
28.383
Pos.changed8°53'.
23 25
80 35
60 45
87 »7
30 17
54 >3
sp
np
S....755
S....756
S....757
S....758
S....759
262 A and C.
20 25
20 26
20 26
20 27
20 28
10 45 N
18 48N
56 3N
10 35N
25 53N
13 35
18 38
29 38
14 22
31 H
sp
*/
sp
np
3 23.715
3 46716
...8.915
... 3.980
- • 30.745
....13 ±
8.138
\ No measures given by Sir W. H.
Each by estimation.
Distance increased 3''.
. 7.871 Epoch 1825.67.
. . 23 803
.. 59.872
3 58.021
... 4.026
, . . 22.060
. I 6.711
48 37 N
48 37 N
27 31 N
13 21 S
14 8N
1826
362
262
263
263
3 363
Nova '
H. C. 106 ,
Nova
52 Cygni
7 Delphini 1 and 2. . H & S 327
I and 3 .
H&S 326 20 32
S 760 20 34
S....761
S 762
20 37
20 37
20 38
38 5N
12 6N
23 17N
30 4N
15 29N
8 49
49 I
31 33
73 49
19 58
52 55
np
sp
np
np
np
np
sp
sp
14.689
45-377
26.446
15.484
25.674
Pos. changed 3° 53' ; Dist. increased 2".6.
1.387
55.791
. 4.468
10.256
25.083
• 54-299
3 1I264 iH.C. 177 1 S.
I1826 I 264 ir. 66 S.
1826 I 266 X Cygni S.
1826 I J266 Nova S.
1826 I I267 jll. 100. 1 s.
•763
.764
.765
.766
.767
20 38
20 38
20 40
20 42
20 43
18 51 S
15 14N
35 50N
88 43
3 o
61 56
32 40
3 43
78 35
25 6
84 59
14 29
np
nfysp
np
«/
np
Unchanged.
• 9-478
.9.194
. 2.049 I
. 7.202 [Unchanged.
12.317
.2 20.857
5 46 N 69 31
51 17NI 15 24
np
np
^f
np
nf
I1826I1I268 P. XX. 355 L?;-c"^ Q r ^^
I1824 3I364 UEquulei H&S 328 20 50
1826 I I268 Nova ._.... S. .. .769 I20 50
1826 I 269 280 Bode Cygni S.
I18261 I 270 Nova ' S.
6 40N
3 36N
. . , . 15 47N
770 20 53 49 46 N
771 |20 55 1 6 30S
54 44
10 39
14 2
57 9
78 20
sp
nf
sp
16.749
. 4.979
25.590
• 3-998
. 4 409
Change of Pos. 6° 17'.
Unchanged.
Unchanged.
40.598
12.374
14.987
2.449
• 3.227
Pos. changed — 10^ 45*.
I1826I1 1271 jNova 1 S..^^772 20 56
1826 1 272 Struve, 704 S 773 20 57
18243 365 61 Cygni LKi^^329 20 59
I1826 1 381 S. Re-exam. ....
I1826 1 272 Nova S 774 i20 59
!j826! I 273 II. 97. .••. S 775
21
2 51N
34 44 N
37 52N
33 26N
29 29 N
59 31
59 54
5 J9
3 4
47 9
45 12
"/
nf
sp
np
.3.613
23.249
15.425
15.444
14.324 I
. 3.576 Unaltered
Binary ; mean mot. + 0°. 730.
Epoch 1825.70.
detailed in the present, and preceding communications.
Vol.
for
Star's Name.&c.
Observer and
Number.
Decl.
Position.
Qoadrant.
Distance.
Remarks.
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1824
1824
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1824
1826
273
274
276
276
Struve, 709.
1789.213 —
Nova
Struve, 710
Nova ....-.-..
277
278
279
280
281
19 Bode Equulei
^Equulei
H.C. 197
Nova
Struve, 718. . . .
281
282
283
283
284
327 Bode Cygni
I Pegasi
H.C. 197
Nova
69 Cygni
284
285
285
369
370
Nova . . .
Nova . . .
Nova . . .
jS Cephei
3 Pegasi.
286
287
Nova .
III. 71
288
288
289
AandB.
. A and C
76 Cygni
III. 72.
Pegasi
370
/* Cygni
1824
1824
1824
289
290
373
374
375
. . I and 2
. . I and 3
79 Cygni; A andB.^
, A and C . -
'45-74-^
I4S-S7-
ni.74
S...
s...
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
H&S330
H&S331
794
795
79^
797
798
H&S332
S....799
H&S333
H&rS334
H&S335
m.
2
2
2
2
2
43 N
26 N
50 N
iN
16N
30 53
32 3»
5 55
79 15
58 20
4
6
7
II
13
6 28N
9 17N
8 23S
8 48N
52 15 N
82 58
4« 3
82 22
84 53
26 33
13
H
H
18
18
52 19N
19 3N
7 20S
12 56N
35 33 N
32 22
40 II
6 30
56 29
II 22
20
24
25
26
28
10 19 N
33 2N
19 56N
69 46 N
5 48N
68 5
79 23
41 40
19 35
78 58
3»
33
34
35
35
36
'36
"46
46
49
35 3;N
56 41 N
39 S9^
56 46 N
9 3N
72 3
31 33
69 3
40 52
33 35
52 59
27 56 N
3-7 29 N
18 *sVn
54 59N
5 6N
23 4
28 43
30 39
50 8
20 15
76 u
33 29
np
np
sp,nf
«/
nf, sp
..17.685
.. 6.825
...3.087
» 54-785
...2.933
np
«/
sp
sf, np
3 3-24»
. . 26.240
. . . 4-837
. . . 2.642
. . . 6.641
Annual mot. =— o*» 838 in Pos. &+o".
in Dist.
np
np
sp
48.739
36.861
36.784
. 3-480
40-305
np, sf
sp,nf
np
sp
np
np
sp
«/
np
. 1. 195
.4.321
. 2.580
13.163
39-525
No notable change.
Perhaps a very slow change of Pos.
. 8.172
11.945
19-383
5.645
12.150
18.514
Change of Pos. —3° 51', of Dist. +0''.^
Ch. of Pos. — 4°.54 & +o".77 in Dist!
Sir W. H. has no measures of this stai
Pos. unchanged.
«/
«/
np
sp
... 5.744
.3 37.401
.2 33.170
2 J min. ±:
. . . 22 052
.. . 20 308
. . 10.093
Diminished ia Distance.
1824
1826
1826
1826
iS26
375
290
291
291
292
Near III. 74
1789.213 ...
H.C. 571...
29 Aquarii. .
Nova
H&S336
S 800
S 8oi
S 802
S....803
49
49
52
53
57
5 6N
61 45 N
12 51 S
17 49 S
12 48 N
1824
1826
1826
1824
1824
376
292
293
376
377
I Cephei
1789.218
Nova
P. XXII. 1 1. 12
'45-56
H&S337
S 804
S 805
H&S33S
H&S339
21 58
22 o
22 o
22 3
22 4
63 45 N
69 20 N
36 45 N
58 25 N
21 53S
1826
1826
1824
1824
1826
1824
1824
1826
1824
1824
1824
1826
293
294
378
378
382
379
380
295
381
382
383
383
180 Bode Cephei.
Nova ,
145.120 ,
I Lacertae
33 Pegasi.
S 806
S 807
H&S 340
H&S341
S. Re-exam.
H&S 342
22
22
22
2Z
22 15
81 58N
28 41 N
69 17 N
36 5iN
19 56N
Struve, 751
Nova ......
145.64.....
53 Aquarii. .
^ Aquarii. . .
H&S 343
S 808
H&S 344
H&S 345
H&S 346
S. Re-exam.
22 16
22 16
22 17
22 17
22 20
65 50 N
21 5 S
.44 27 N
17 39 S
o 57S
44 o
55 21
30 4
26 38
7 9
sp
*/
sp
sp,nf
I 45.858
I 2.836
. . 20.453
..4.370
..,. 3.288
23 »5
83 43
22 40
45 13
30 42
np
«/
np
• 5-817
16.606
12.774
22.094
. 5.170
8
15
»5 3»
78 43
II
45
12
21
77
75
*/
sp
sp
sp
np
13-567
. 1.794
14.839
15.619
»5-732
56.045
Epoch 1824.84.
2 37
64 35
o 5
3 7
89 29
88 56
«/
nf
np
sp
nf
. ^723
• 6.457
. 4-238
10.032
. 4.989
. 4.014
Binary ; mean mot. — 0*^.4484.
Epoch 1825.73.
MDCCCXXVI.
A synoptical view of the results afforded by the observations , &c.
385
295
296
386
296
297
297
298
299
387
star's Name, &c.
a Ccphei
Nova
H.C. 108
8 Lacertse i and 2 ,
1 and 3 .
Struve, 758
H.C. 181
10 Lacertae
Nova
12 Lacertze
213 Bode Aquar. .
299
300
388
301
301
302
389
303
303
39^
1789.219 . . . .
1 6 Lacertae . .
Nova
Nova
P. XXII. 306
n Pegasi
t' Aquarii
231 Bode Aquar. 1&2
I and 3
Aquarii
Nova
Observer and
Number.
H&S347
S 809
S 810
H&S348
S 811
S 812
S 813
S 814
S 815
H&S349
S....8I6
S....8I7
H&S350
S 818
S 819
S 820
H&S35I
S 821
S 822
H&S 352
h. m.
22 23
22 24
22 25
22 28
22 29
22 30
22 31
22 33
22 33
22 34
22 35
22 38
22 39
22 40
22 41
22 42
22 48
22 50
22 57
22 59
Decl.
57 30 N
6 31N
3 19N
38 42 N
37 57 N
28 S
7N
7N
17N
II S
17N
oS
9S
33' s
23 N
71 56N
40 39 N
26 49 N
32 26N
31 5'N
78 44
79 41
55 35
85 39
55 15
6-/ 26
56 46
41 19
9 42
73 28
51 19
68 56
22 47
24 24
72 33
22 24
20 31
9 21
44 41
82 II
70 48
58 19
Quadrant.
Sp
np, sf
*/
sp
np
sf,np
np,sf
np
np
sp
*/
np
np,sf
np
nf
nf
. 41.612
. 12.897
. 14.062
. 22.674
22.520
.21.175
. . . 6.01 1
I 0.444
. . 18.522
I 12.073
. . . 3-398
29.823
30-536
• 4.349
57-381
13-438
• 3-712
Sir W. H. has no measures of this star.
DifF. of Pos. 2° 53'; dimin. of Dist. 5".!.
Pos. changed 3° 54'.
0.895
4.541
. 6.850
• 3.434
. 8.716
Remarke.
No material change.
Unaltered.
39»
304
304
305
305
H. C. 242
2 Cassiopeiae
H.C. 191
Nova
H.C. 191; AandB.
AandC.
H&S 353
S....823
S 824
S 825
S 826
23 2
23 2
23 2
23 2
*3 5
46 59 N
58 21N
12 54S
35 55 N
9 52S
17 o
73 20
12 41
49 58
86 10
19 10
sp
sf
np
14.709
46.683
. 4.207
5-331
26.276
38.168
Sir W. H. gives no measures of this star.
306
392
307
308
308
4'' Aquarii . . .
94 Aquarii . . .
Nova
P. XXIII. 69.
xPiscium. . . .
S 827
H&S 354
S 828
S 829
S....830
23 6
23 10
23 13
23 H
23 18
10 4S
14 26 S
34 29 N
9 27S
o 16N
41 8
76 41
86 13
4 4
74 56
np .
np
sp
np
np
49-835
14.993
.5.117
. 7.981
30.090
Probably not Sir W. H's. star.
Sir W. H. has no measures of this star.
308
393
309
310
393
Struve, 783.. .
Anonyma
II. 94 or Nova ?
H.C. 128
107 Aquarii. . . .
S....831
H&S 355
S 832
S....833
H&S 356
23 21
23 22
23 23
23 32
23 37
4 17N
57 32N
42 50 N
5 17N
19 41 N
84 1
o o
41 52
41 34
53 30
sp
P
np
np
11.681
13953
. 4-389
H-575
. 5.056
Pos. changed probably 6° 42', if II. 94.
310
3"
394
IV. 107
20 Piscium
28 Bode Andr. 1 & 2
I and 3
S....834
S....835
H&S 357
395
3"
Nova
H&S 358
S....836
23 38
23 39
23 43
23 46
23 49
27 28 N
3 46S
36 54 N
30 52 N
23 22 N
396
397
312
312
T Cassiopeiae ....
37 Bode Androm.
Struve, 794. . . .
9 Cassiopeise ....
H&S 359
H&S 360
S....837
S....838
23 50
23 51
23 54
23 55
54 45 N
32 43 N
65 6 N
61 17N
53
31
17
»3
0
»7
45
25
59
11
44 38
57
4»
81
38
19
24
74
23
nf
np
p,nf
np
np
32.248
50.924
. 5.011
45.941
41.297
. 9.361
Differs 3° 10' from Sir W. H's. Pos.
np
sp
nf
sp
. 2.924
. 5.263
15.427
5-423
Doubtful if changed or not.
Manifestly not Sir W. H's. star.
Sloaiie Street, No. 132,
April 1 2th, 1826.
JAMES SOUTH.
A careful revision of the former communication on Double
Stars, Phil. Trans. 1824. iii. has led to the detection (among
several errata of trifling importance), to the following of a graver
character, which the reader of that paper is earnestly requested
to correct in his Copy.
Page, &c.
Error.
Correction.
124.
216.
325-
337.
.Mean 54Cancri. .
48.845- •
4-13
.Near 54 Cancri.
40.845.
44.6..,
337 twice and in Index, Star No. 301
338
355
167 and in Index No. 144.
101 and in Index No. 79
323 twice and in Index No. 287...
Index No. 105 , . . . .
Index No. 110 in Column of Decl.
Index No. 278
Index No. 222 ,
{
97.60
.23.467..
Z= + 1.44...
Z = — 0.12. . .
.-.73° 50'
••••73 54
••••73 52
....i6".988
....67° 46'
9 42
... .12 17
...278
Mean mot. — 2°. 13
107.60. ..
25.871..
.Z = — 1.44...
.Z = + 0.12...
••••72° 50'
••••72 54
••.•72 52
....i5''.966
22° 14'
9 iz
... .17 12
..•278
Mean mot. + 2°. 13
^n^ata to be corrected in the present Memoir^
Page 209, /or " between 36 and 38," read north following 36.
353>/o^" 1825.252," rejrf 1825.52.
vi. (Index) H. and S. 74 ; for -f o°.oo9," read + 0°. 109.
viii. (Index) S. 600 ; Re-exam, add in col, of Remarks, the word '« Binary.
From the Press of
JV. NidOL,
Cleveland-row, St, Jameses.
PHILOSOPHICAL
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
ROYAL SOCIETY
OF
LONDON.
FOR THE YEAR MDCCCXXVI.
PART II.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY W. NICOL, SUCCESSOR TO W. BULMER AND CO.
CLEVELAND-ROW, ST. JAMEs's;
AND SOLD By G. AND W. NICOL, PALL-MALL, PRINTERS TO THE
ROYAL SOCIETY.
MDCCCXXVI.
Cv3
ADVERTISEMENT.
. 1 HE Committee appointed by the Royal Society to direct the
publication of the Philosophical Transactions, take this opportunity
to acquaint the Public, that it fully appears, as well from the
council-books and journals of the Society, as from repeated de-
clarations which have been made in several former Transactions,
that the printing of them was always, from time to time, the
single act of the respective Secretaries^ till the Forty-seventh
Volume : the Society, as a Body, never interesting themselves
any further in their publication, than by occasionally recom-
mending the revival of them to some of their Secretaries, when,
from the particular circumstances of their affairs, the Transactions
had happened for any length of time to be intermitted. And
this seems principally to have been done with a view to satisfy
the Public, that their usual meetings were then continued, for the
improvement of knowledge, and benefit of mankind, the great
ends of their first institution by the Royal Charters, and which
they have ever since steadily pursued.
But the Society being of late years greatly enlarged, and their
communications more numerous, it was thought advisable that a
Committee of their members should be appointed, to reconsider
the papers read before them, and select out of them such as they
should judge most proper for publication in the future Trafisac-
tions ; which was accordingly done upon the 2()th of March,
1752. And the grounds of their choice are, and will continue to
be, the importance and singularity of the subjects, or the advan-
tageous manner of treating them ; without pretending to answer
for the certainty of the facts, or propriety of the reasonings,
contained in the several papers so published, which must still
rest on the credit or judgment of their respective authors.
It is likewise necessary on this occasion to remark, that it is
an established rule of the Society, to which they will always
adhere, never to give their opinion, as a Body, upon any sub-
ject, either of Nature or Art, that comes before them. And
therefore the thanks, which are frequently proposed from the
Chair, to be given to the authors of such papers as are read at
their accustomed meetings, or to the persons through whose
hands they received them, are to be considered in no other light
than as a matter of civility, in return for the respect shown to
the Society by those communications. The like also is to be
said with regard to the several projects, inventions, and curiosi-
ties of various kinds, which are often exhibited to the Society;
the authors whereof, or those who exhibit them, frequently
take the liberty to report, and even to certify in the public
news-papers, that they have met with the highest applause and
approbation. And therefore it is hoped, that no regard will
hereafter be paid to such reports and public notices; which
in some instances have been too lightly credited, to the disho-
nour of the Society.
CONTENTS.
I. An Account of the construction and adjustment of the new
Standards of Weights and Measures of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, By Captain Henhy Kater,
F,R, S. - - - - page i
n. description of an improved -Hygrometer. By Mr. Thomas
Jones. Communicated by Captain Henry Kater, F.R. S. 53
III. Observations on the changes which have taken place in some
aritient alloys of copper. By John Davy, M D. F. R. 5. In
a Letter to Sir Humphry Davy, Bart, Pres,R, S, -55
IV. Additional proofs of animal heat being influenced by the
nerves. By Sir Everard Home, Bart, V, P, R, S. 60
V. The Croonian Lecture. On the structure of a muscular fibre
from which are derived its elongation and contraction. By
Sir Everard Home, Bart. V. P. R.S. - - 64
VI. An account of the heat of July, 1825 ; together with some
remarks upon sensible cold. By W. Heberden, M, D.
F.R,S. - - - - -69
VII. On the transit instrument of the Cambridge Observatory ;
being a Supplement to a former Paper, By Robert Wood-
house, Esq, Plumian Professor of Astronomy in the University
of Cambridge, - - - - 75
VIII. Account of a series of observations, m^de in the summer of
the year 1825, for the purpose of determining the difference of
meridians of the Royal Observatories of Greenwich and Paris ;
drawn up by J. F. W. Herschel, Esq. M, A. Sec. R. S.
Communicated by the Board of Longitude, - - 77
IX. Observations on the poison of the common toad. By Johjt
Davy, M. D. KR.S. - - - page 127
X. On the magnetizing power of the more refrangible solar rays.
By Mrs. M. Somerville. Communicated by W. Somerville,
M. D. F. R. S. Feb. s. 1826, - - 132
XI. On the mutual action of sulphuric acid and naphthaline, and
on a new acid produced. By M. Faraday, F. R. S. Cor^
responding Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences ^ &c. ^c.
Communicated January 12, 1826, - -- 140
XII. On the nervous circle which connects the voluntary muscles
with the brain. By Charles Bell, Esq. Communicated by
the President, January 25, 1826, - - - 163
XIII. On the constitution of the atmosphere. By John Dalton,
Esq.F.R.S. - 174.
PHILOSOPHICAL
TRANSACTIONS.
I. An Account of the construction and adjustment of the new
Standards of Weights and Measures of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, By Captain Henry Kater,
F. R. S.
Read November 24, 1825.
Ike weights and measures of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland are founded upon a standard, the
length of which is determined by the proportion it bears to
that of the pendulum vibrating seconds of mean time in
London. The length of this pendulum I have stated to be
39,13929 inches of Sir George Shuckburgh Evelyn's
standard scale; and the experiments from which this con-
clusion is deduced, are detailed in the Philosophical Transacr
tions for 1818. The important consequences, however, which
attach to this result, render it necessary to examine with
what degree of confidence it may be received.
In the Paper to which I have alluded, it is mentioned that
a series of experiments had been made previous to those
detailed ; the result of which was rejected, in consequence
of its being discovered, after their completion, that the steel
MDCCCXXVI. B
2 Captain Kater*s account of the
plates, on which the pendulum had rested during the expe-
riments, had suffered penetration by the knife edges. The
length of the seconds pendulum however, deduced from
these first experiments, did not differ more than two ten-
thousandths of an inch from the final determination.
It may also be seen, that in repairing the knife edges after
the first set of experiments had been concluded, one of them
was broken ; and when replaced by another, the distance
between the knife edges was increased about one hundredth
of an inch ; so that two results, differing by so small a quan-
tity from each other, may be considered as having been
obtained by two different instruments.
The Philosophical Transactions for 1819 contain an account
of experiments for determining the variation in length of the
seconds pendulum at the principal stations of the Trigonome-
trical Survey of Great Britain. For this purpose I constructed
an invariable pendulum, the number of vibrations made by
which being observed in London, and also at the principal
stations of the Trigonometrical Survey, the length of the
seconds pendulum, at such stations, could readily be deduced
from the previously known length of the pendulum vibrating
seconds in London.
In this manner, the length of the pendulum vibrating
seconds at Unst was found to be S9,i7i46 inches, and at
Leith Fort 39,15554 inches.
The " Reciieil d' Observations Geodesiques /' &c. which may
be considered as a fourth volume of the " Base du Systeme
metrique," affords me an opportunity of comparing these
last results with those of M. Biot, whose very valuable
labours for determining the length of the pendulum vibrating
new standards of weights and measures. 3
seconds at various stations, from Unst to Formentara, are
there detailed. In these experiments M. Biot employed the
method of Borda, which requires that the absolute length of
tlie pendulum should be obtained by actual measurement at
each station. M. Biot's observations and mine, both at
Unst and Leith Fort, were made at the same stations ; and
M. Biot found, from the mean of fifty-six series, using
different measuring rods and various pendulums, the length
of the second pendulum at Unst to be ,994943083 metres,
and at Leith Fort ,994524453 metres.
Converting these results into inches of Sir George Shuck-
burgh's scale, by taking the length of the metre at 39,37079
inches, as given in the Philosophical Transactions for 1818,
we have the length of the seconds pendulum at Unst, after
reduction to the level of the sea, 39,17176 inches, and at
Leith Fort S9A55S9 inches, the first differing from my
determination +,00029, and the latter —,00015 of an inch.
The difference of results obtained by methods totally dissi-
milar being so small, and with contrary signs, it may be
reasonably inferred from them, as well as from what has
been before advanced, that the length of the pendulum
vibrating seconds in London has been determined to within
one ten-thousandth of an inch of the truth.
From the near agreement of the results of the French and
English experiments on the length of the pendulum, it may
be inferred that the length of the French metre, expressed in
parts of Sir George Shuckburgh's scale, is probably not
erroneous one ten thousandth of an inch.
From an account recently published by Captain Sabine,
F. R. S. of his valuable experiments for determining the vari-
^ ' Captain Kater's account of the
ations in length of the seconds* pendulum, doubts may be
inferred of the accuracy of the method which I employed in
the observations for ascertaining the length of the seconds*
pendulum in London, as well as in those which have been
made with the invariable pendulum. It is asserted, that
taking a mean between the disappearance and re-appearance
of the disk, is a more correct method of observation than
that which I have pursued ; and that the intervals between
the coincidences obtained by observing the disappearances
only of the disk, would be productive of error.
With respect to the convertible pendulum, it will be seen
on referring to the Philosophical Transactions for 1818, that
the disk was made to subtend precisely the same angle as the
tail-piece of the pendulum ; so that at the moment of disap-
pearance of the last portion of the disk, its centre coincided
with the middle of the tail-piece, a circumstance which, in
my method of observing is indispensable, when the object is
to obtain the true number of vibrations made by the pendu-
lum in twenty-four hours.
With the invariable pendulum, from causes unnecessary
here to detail, the circumstances were somewhat different, the
disk subtending a less angle than that of the tail-piece of the
pendulum ; in consequence of which, the interval between the
apparent coincidences was lessened, and the inferred number
of vibrations in twenty-four hours diminished about two-
tenths of a vibration ; but as the experiments with the inva-
riable pendulum are intended to be merely comparative, and
should therefore be made as nearly as possible in every
respect under similar circumstances, no part of the apparatus
being changed, nor any alteration made in the pendulum of
new standards of weights and measures. 5
the clock, this constant difference of the number of vibrations
from the truth will not affect the ultimate deductions. As
the most direct method of removing any doubts which may
be entertained upon this subject, I shall add a comparative
Table of the successive differences of the number of vibra-
tions in twenty-four hours, which I have computed from the
whole of Captain Sabine's observations, by employing the
disappearances only, of the disk.
Differences by the
method of
disappearances.
Differences by
the method of dis-
appearances
and re- appearances.
Difference of the
results.
Stations.
Vibrations.
Vibrations.
Vibrations,
St. Thomas
Maranham
Ascension .
Sierra Leone .
Trinidad .
Bahia . .
Jamaica
New York
London
Drontheim
Hammerfest
Greenland .
Spitzbergen
9>62
i3>29
4.97
0,85
S'S^
12,40
72,72
41,88
38,62
22,48
9'53
12,62
9,62
13.33
4.97
0,83
5.50
12,46
72,71
4i>8i
38.73
22,44
9,48
12H.9
0,00
— 0,04
0,00
-1-0,02
+ 0,01
— 0,06
+ 0,01
+ 0,07
— o,ii
+ 0,04
-j-0,05
-Ho,oi
Mean . .
0,00
As the comparative results, by the method of disappear-
ances, would to a certain degree be vitiated by the use of a
disk of a different size, the observations made in London in
1824 with a silver disk are omitted.
The differences of the results being so minute, and the
mean of the whole being absolutely nothing, the conclusion
i& warranted that the method of observing coincidences by
6 Captain Kater's account of the
disappearances alone is productive of no error, if the ob-
servations are made as nearly as may be under similar
circumstances.
With respect to the absolute length of the pendulum in
London, as determined by means of the convertible pendu-
lum, it must be evident from what has been advanced, that
the method of observation by disappearances alone could,
on that occasion, have been productive of no error, as the
disk subtended precisely the same angle as the tail-piece of
the pendulum.
In the Philosophical Transactions for 1821 will be found
" An account of the comparison of various British Standards
of linear measure \" and it will there be seen that the differ-
ence between Sir George Shuckburgh's standard scale and
a standard yard of 1 760, made by Bird, and in the custody of
the Clerk of the House of Commons, is so very small, that
they may be considered as " perfectly identical." This
yard, under the denomination of " the Imperial Standard
Yard,'' has been declared by Parliament, on the recommen-
dation of the Commissioners of Weights and Measures,* to
be the " unit, or only standard measure of extension" of the
United Kingdom ; consequently, the length of the pendulum
before given is expressed in parts of the Imperial Standard
Yard.
The measures of capacity being dependant upon the weight
of a cubic inch of distilled water, it became necessary to
* A commission was appointed by letters patent under the Great Seal of the
United Kingdom in 1818, '* For considering how far it might be practicable and
advisable to establish a more uniform system of Weights and Measures," the
members of which were, the late Sir Joseph Banks, Sir George Clerk, Mr. Davies
Gilbert, Dr. W. H. WoUaston, Dr. Thomas Young, and Capt. Henry Kater.
new standards of weights and measures. ^
consider the degree of reliance which might be placed upon
the accuracy of the experiments made by Sir George Shuck-
burgh on this subject.
A cube, a cylinder, and a sphere of brass were used in
these experiments ; and in consequence of some difficulties
which occurred, the weight of these, both in air and in dis-
tilled water, was so repeatedly ascertained by Sir George
Shuckburgh, as to leave no reasonable doubt of the accuracy
of his conclusions. But as the linear dimensions of the cube,
sphere and cylinder, might not have been determined with
equal precision, it was thought adviseable to repeat these
measurements. This was accordingly done ; and though in
detail they differed somewhat from Sir George Shuckburgh's
determinations, yet, fortunately, the variations were such as
nearly to counterbalance each other, and to occasion little
difference in the ultimate result, as may be seen in an account
of these last mentioned measurements given in the Philoso-
phical Transactions for 1821,
Sir George Shuckburgh's results having been expressed
in terms derived from the mean of several standard Troy
weights, of one and of two pounds, kept at the House of
Commons, the Commissioners of Weights and Measures
thought it desirable that the Troy pound, which differed the
least from this mean, should be taken as the unit of weight ;
and therefore recommended that the Parliamentary Standard
Troy pound of 1758 should remain unaltered; and this has
been accordingly declared by the Legislature to be the ori-
ginal " unit, or only standard measure of weight, from which
all other weights shall be derived ;" and that it is to be
denominated '* the Imperial Standard Troy Pound."
8 Captain Kater's account of the
From Sir George Shuckburgh's data, and the before-
mentioned measurements of the cube, cylinder and sphere,
the Commissioners of Weights and Measures determined the
weight of a cubic inch of distilled water, weighed in air by
brass weights at the temperature of 62° of Fahrenheit's
thermometer, the barometer being at so inches, to be equal
to two hundred and fifty-two grains, and four hundred and
fifty-eight thousandth parts of a grain, of which the Imperial
Standard Troy pound contains five thousand seven hundred and
sixty ; and also that the avoirdupois pound, which has long
been in general use, though not established by any act of the
Legislature, is so nearly seven thousand grains, that they
recommended that seven thousand of such troy grains be
declared to constitute a pound avoirdupois.*
The Commissioners of Weights and Measures also recom-
mended that the gallon measure should in future be that
which contains ten pounds avoirdupois of water in ordinary
circumstances (that is to say, the temperature of the water
being 62° of Fahrenheit's thermometer, and the barometer
SO inches) ; and this, under the denomination of " the Impe-
rial Standard Gallon," was declared to be the unit and only
standard measure of capacity, and that eight such gallons
should be a Bushel.
The Act for " ascertaining and establishing uniformity of
" Weights and Measures" having been passed by Parliament,
to the effect before-mentioned, the Lx)rds Commissioners of
His Majesty's Treasury expressed their hope, that some of
* For the manner in which the weight of a cubic inch of distilled water was
deduced, see the Appendix to the Third Report of the Commissioners of Weights
and Measures.
new standards of weights and measures, g
the Commissioners of Weights and Measures would afford
their assistance in directing the executive measures necessary
for the accomplishment of its objects. In compliance with
this request, I undertook to superintend the construction, and
to adjust the principal standards to be deposited at the
Exchequer, Guildhall, Dublin, and Edinburgh.
Mr. Troughton, the first of our English artists having,
in consequence of his advanced age, declined undertaking to
make the standards, I directed Mr. Dollond to prepare those
of linear measure ; and employed Mr. Bate, an artist who,
as hydrometer maker for Revenue purposes, had been accus-
tomed to nice operations in weighing, to construct those of
weight and measure.
Brass being peculiarly liable to decomposition in the
atmosphere of London, I directed Mr. Bate to make some
experiments, to ascertain the proportions of tin and copper
which might produce a metal equal in hardness, and which
might be worked with the same facility as hammered brass ;
and after some trials it was found that a mixture of 576 parts
of copper, 59 of tin, and 48 of brass, afforded a beautiful
metal, which possessed the qualities I sought.
In order to avoid any innovation but such as might be ab-
solutely necessary, it was deemed expedient in constructing
the bushel, to adhere as nearly as possible to the form of that
known by the appellation of the Winchester bushel. It was
therefore directed to be made cylindrical, the interior dia-
meter being about i8|- inches, the exterior 19J inches, and the
depth about 8^ inches, and intended to contain eighty pounds
avoirdupois of distilled water. In order to give the bushel
MDCCCXXVI. C
1 o Captain Kater's account of the
additional strength, it was cast with two projecting hoops,
one to which the bottom was screwed, and another at the
distance of about half an inch from the top.
Considerable difficulties arose in casting the bushel ; out
of twelve, only five proved sound enough for use ; but by
varying the process, they were at length procured sufficiently
perfect. Much credit is due to Mr. Keir, the engineer em-
ployed by Mr. Bate in turning the bushels, for the beauty
and perfection of his work.
The form of the gallon measure occupied much of my
attention. It was necessary that it should be such as to
enable me to determine the weight of distilled water it should
contain with the least liability to error. The conical form
was therefore adopted ; the mouth being made cylindrical,
and one and a half inches diameter : the top was ground
perfectly flat, and the edge so rounded off, that the contents
might be poured from it into any other vessel without run-
ning down the side. The cone was placed in a cylinder about
four inches high, in which handles were formed, and which
served at the same time to protect the gallon from injury,
and to prevent any change of temperature which might arise
from handling. The quart and the pint measures were of
the same form on a smaller scale.
The weights were of brass, and nearly of a spherical
form, but flattened at the bottom. Into the top was screwed
a button ; beneath which a small cavity was left to receive
such' minute pieces of wire as might be found requisite to
make up the standard weight. This button served also to
lift the weight by means of a strong wooden fork.
new standards of weights and measures. 1 1
The Imperial Troy pound is in the custody of G. Whittam,
Esq. Clerk to the House of Commons, who obligingly per-
mitted me to compare two weights with the standard at his
house in Abingdon-street. These being intended merely as
rough models for Mr. Bate to copy, it was not thought
necessary to waste time in adjusting them with the utmost
precision, and they were left a little in excess.
The five Troy pounds being completed by Mr. Bate from
the copy of the Imperial pound taken at Mr. Whittam's, I
proceeded to compare them with the Imperial Troy pound,
which was then confided to my care for that purpose. The
balance employed in making the comparisons was made by
Mr. Robinson, an artist who has directed much of his atten-
tion, and with great success, to the improvement of this
instrument. The beam is only ten inches long, and toge-
ther with the scale pans weighs eight hundred grains. The
scale pans are attached to agate planes, which rest upon knife
edges. The ultimate angle of the central knife edge is
120 degrees. This balance, with one pound avoirdupois in
each scale, it may be seen by the following details, varies
immediately one division, equal to about one-tenth of an
inch, on the addition of one-hundreth of a grain.
Adjustment of the standard troy pounds.
In order to distinguish the troy pound weights from each
other, they were marked in the following manner :
life Captain Kater's account of the
That which I shall call |T^ P°
No. 1. \ 1824
No. 2.
all CY
.1. (.1
CT
I 1824* a dot after the figures.
No. 3. I •'■ * *^ • * dot under the letter D.
( 1834
No. 4. < * . a dot under the letter D, and another
^- * * ^l824. dot after the figures.
T. -r ( T y P ° a dot under the letter Y, another dot
No. 5' \ ^QnA * under the letter D, and a third dot
(lei 24. after the figures.
The Imperial Standard troy pound was put into the scale,
and counterpoised. The division and fraction of a division
which would have been pointed out by the index, had the
beam been allowed to come to a state of rest, was ascertained
by taking the mean of the extremes of the vibrations, when
their extent did not exceed one division. By this much time
was saved, and it is presumed greater accuracy attained.
The standard pound was then removed and replaced by the
copy, and the point of rest determined as before : the dif-
ference between these means converted into parts of a grain,
gave the error of the copy. The same method was followed
in the adjustment of all the weights.
No. 1 . being too heavy, was laid aside for the present.
No. 3. being too light for the limits of the index, was also
set aside.
By many careful trials, one-hundredth of a grain occasioned
a variation in the index of 0,67 divisions.
new standards of weights and measures.
IS
Standard Pound
Divisions.
No. 3.
DiTisions.
Error
Divisions.
Mean.
Error
ingrdns.
+ 0,5
+ 1,0
+ i>o
— a,o
-1.5
— 2.5 3
— 2,5
— >037
No. 4.
+ 1,4
+ 0,1
+ 0,3
+ 0,4
+ 0,9
+ 0,0
+ 0,4
+ 0,3
—0.5 ")
— 0,1 r
+ o,x (
—0,1 }
— 0,15
— ,0022
No. 5.
+ 0,5
+ 0,0
+ 0,4
+ 0,2
+ 0,1
+ o,i
— 0,1
+ 0,3
+ 0,3
— 0,3
— 0,4 -N
— 0,1 #
— 0,1 V
-0.5 I
— o>4 J
— 0,3
— ,0044
Wires of the following weights were now added :
To No. 2. - - ,020 grains.
3. - - ,050
4. - - ,002
5. - - >oo4
The centre of gravity of the balance was raised, so that
by frequent trials, one hundredth of a grain occasioned the
index to vary one division.
Standard Pound
Divisions.
No. 3.
Divisions.
Error
Divisions.
Mean.
Error
in grains.
— o>5
— 0,6
— 0,2
+ 0,1
— 0,2
— 0,5
— 0,1
+ 0,3
— 0,6
+ 0,1
— 2,1
— 2,1
+ 0,4 -J
+ 0,9
-0,4 I
+ o>o ^
— 1,9
— 1,6 J
— Oyf3-
— ,0043
The centre of gravity was lowered, so that one-hundredth
of a grain was equal to eight-tenths of a division.
14
Captain Kater's account of the
Standard Pound
Divisions.
No. 3.
Divisions.
Error
Divisions.
Mean.
Error
in grains.
— 0,5
0,0
— 0,3
— 0,3
— 0,8
— 0,9
— 0,8
— 0,7
-0,3 -)
-0,9 1
-0,5 f
-0,4 J
— 0,52
— ,0065
No. 4.
+ 0,3
+ 0,1
+ 0,5
— o,x
0,0
— 0,1
+ 0,3
+ 0,1
— 0,2
0,0
— 0,4
— 0,1
0,0 ■"
0,0
— 0,7
+ 0,1
— 0,4
0,0
-
— 0,17
— ,0021
No. 5.
— 0,1
+ 0
+ o,i
+ 0,2
+ 0,2
+ 0,3
— 0,2
— 0,2
0,0
+ 0,2
+ 0,2
— 0,2
— 0,1
— 0,1 -
— 0,1
+ 0,1
0,0
— o,i
— 0,5
+ 0*1 ^
^
— 0,08
—,0010
The following quantities were added to the different
weights :
To No. 3.
4.
5.
iQ05 grains.
,002
,00a
Mr. Robinson exchanged the balance I had hitherto used
for another, which he thought superior. The mean of many
trials gave 0,7 of a division for the variation occasioned by
one-hundredth of a grain.
new standards of weights and measures.
15
Standard Pound
Dmsions.
No. 2.
Divisions.
Error
Division*.
Mean.
Error
ingrains.
0,0
+ 0,1
+ 0,3
+ 0,1
— 0,1
+ 0,1
+ 0,3
+ a,4
+ 0,2
+ 0,3
+ 0,2
+ 0,4
+ o»3 "^
+ 0,3
— o,i
+ 0,2
+ o>3
+ 0,3 J
»•
+ 0,2
+ ,0029
No. 3.
-0,4
-0,9
— 0,8
- '>S
— 1,0
— i,o
- 1,4
-2,3
-0,6 -^
— 0,1 1
-0,6 f
-0,8 J
— 0,52
- ,0074
No. 4.
+ 0,1
+ 0,1
0,0
0,0
+ 0,7
+ 0,7
+ 0,6
+ 0,7
+ o,s
0,0
+ 0,1
+ 0,8
+ 1,0
+ 0,8
+ 0,8
+ 1,2
+ 0,4 ■"
— 0,1
+ 0,1
+ 0,29
+ ,0041
+ 0,8
+ 0,3
+ 0,1
+ 0,2
+ o»5 .
>■
No. 5.
+ 0,1
0,0
0,0
0,0
+ 0,1
0,0
0,0
— 0,1
0,0 1
0,0
0,0 f
— o,i J
0,0
0,0
By many careful trials previous to the following compa-
risons, one-hundredth of a grain occasioned a variation of 0,9
of a division.
Standard Pound
No. 2.
Enor
Mean.
Error
Divisions.
Divisions.
Divisions.
in grains.
0,0
+ 0,1
+ 0,1 -]
0,0
0,0
0,0
— 0,2
+ 0,15
+ o»i
+ 0,3
+ 0,3
— 0,15
>
+ 0,16
+ ,OOl8
— 0,05
+ 0,35
+ 0.4
,
0,0
+ 0,3
+ 0,3 J
•
'
i6 Captain Kater's account of the
No. 1 . was reduced in weight, and being then too light,
,005 of a grain was enclosed in it and the following compa-
risons made :
Standard Pound
Divisions.
No.i.
Divisions.
Error
Divisions.
Mean.
Error
in grains.
— 0,2
— 0,15
— 0,35
— 0,5
+ 0,15
— 0,15
— o,3S
— 0,50
— 0,20
+ 0,70
— 0,10
+ 0,05 ^
— 0,20
— 0,15 [
+ 0,30 r
0,00 J
+ 0,09
+ >OOI
Added ,005 of a grain to No. 3.
Standard Pound
Divisions .
No. 1.
Divisions.
Error
Divisions.
Mean.
Error
in grains.
— 0,4
— 0,6
~o,4
— 0,1
+ 0,1
+ 0,1
— 0,65
— 0,50
— 0,40
— 0,20
+ 0,20
+ 0,20
— 0,25 -
+ 0,10
0,0
— 0,10
+ 0,10
+ 0,10 ^
>
0,0
,00
No. 3. \
+ 0,1
0,0
0,0
— 0,1
— o>i
0,0
+ 0,15
0,0
0,0
0,0
— 0,2
+ 0,2
+ 0,05 -\
0,0
0,0 .
+ 0,1 c
— o,i
+ Oj2
+ 0,04
+ ,0005
The wires which were found necessary to make each of
the copies equal to the Standard troy pound being enclosed,
the button was screwed in with a force sufficient to resist
any ordinary attempt to detach it ; but should such an en-
deavour ever be made with success and the wires be lost,
the following table contains an account of their number and
value.
new standards of weights and measures. 1 7
No. 1 . contains 1 wire = ,005 gr.
2. . . 1 wire =: ,020 gr.
3. . . 3 wires = ,050 + ,005 + ,005 gr.
4. . . 2 wires = ,002 + ,002 gr.
5. . . 2 wires = ,004 + ,002 gr.
In order to employ the whole of the preceding comparisons
in deducing a final result, it will be necessary to add to each
error given in the Tables the sum of the weights which were
enclosed after the determination of such error.
Troy Pound No, 1.
The mean of six comparisons gave for the
error of No. 1 .
The mean of six other comparisons
Troy Pound No. 2.
The mean of three comparisons gave for
the error of No. 2. — ,037 + ,02 =
The mean of six other comparisons
of six other comparisons
Troy Pound No. 3.
The mean of six comparisons gave
,0043 + ,005 + ,005 =: -
The mean of four other comparisons
gave — ,0065 + ,005 + ,005 = -
The mean of four other comparisons
gave — ,0074 + ,005 - - ' = -
The mean of six other comparisons - -
MDCCCXXVI. D
Grains.
+,001
- ,000
— ,0170
+ ,0029
+ ,0018
+ ,0057
+ ,0035
^ ,0024
+ ,0005
18
Captain Kater's account of the
Troy Pound No. 4.
The mean of four comparisons gave
— ,0022 -f- ,004 = - - -
The mean of six other comparisons gave
— ,0021 + ,002 := - - «
The mean of eight other comparisons
Grains.
+ ,0018
— ,0001
+ ,0041
Troy Pound No. 5.
The mean of five comparisons gave
— ,0044 + ,006 =----}- ,0016
The mean of seven other comparisons gave
— ,001 + ,002 = - _ - + ,0Q10
The mean of four other comparisons - - ,0000
In order to deduce a final mean from these results, each
result was multiplied by the corresponding number of com-
parisons, and the sum of the products thus obtained vv^as
divided by the sum of the comparisons. In this manner the
following errors of each of the troy pounds was determined.
Grains.
No. 1.
-
-
+ ,0005
2*
-
-
— ,0015
3.
-
-
+ ,0021
4.
-
-
+ ,0022
5.
-
-
+ ,0010
These errors being so small and mostly in excess, it was not
thought necessary to make any attempt to correct them.
The five troy pounds previous to their being delivered to
new standards of weights and measures. ip
me had been adjusted by Mr. Bate, and with the exception
of an excess of one hundredth of a grain common to all,
and which appears to have been the error of the copy taken
at Mr. Whittam's, the greatest difference from the preced-
ing results did not exceed four or five-thousandths of a
grain.
The adjustment of the five troy pounds occupied me from
the commencement till the middle of March 1825, during
which time Mr. Bate was engaged in preparing a balance
sufficiently strong to be used in determining the gallon
weights ; this balance was brought to my house on the 16th
of March.
I shall now proceed to describe the manner in which the
avoirdupois pound was derived from the troy pound.
For this purpose Mr. Bate made the following weights :
1 of 5760 grains.
'^ 2 — 2880
3 — 960
2 — 480
2 — 240
5 — 48
2—24
2 — 12
2—6
2 — 3
3 — 1
In all twenty-six weights.
Of the above weights the following were used to make up
an avoirdupois pound :
ao Captain Kater's account of the
5760
960
240
24
13
3
1
7000 grains.
In this manner five avoirdupois pounds were made and
adjusted by Mr. Bate.
Determination of the Avoirdupois Pound.
Wishing to avoid the verification of the numerous weights
used by Mr. Bate, and desirous of arriving at my object by
a road different from that which he had pursued, I used the
following method :
I caused Mr. Bate to make two weights each equal to six
troy pounds. These I compared with the Imperial Standard
Troy pound, and the five troy pounds already adjusted. I
had thus two known weights each equal or nearly so to six
troy pounds, one of which with the addition of 440 grains
gave me a weight equal to five avoirdupois pounds, subject
only to such error as might arise from inaccuracy in the
grains, and as I had had sufficient proof of Mr. Bate's care,
I had little to apprehend on this point.
The five avoirdupois pounds were then compared with
each of the six pound weights and 440 grains, and the mean
new standards of weights and measures.
21
taken, and thus the sum of the errors of the five avoirdupois
pounds became known. Assuming one of these pounds
(No. 1. ) as a standard, each of the others was then compared
with it, and their relative errors thus ascertained, from which,
and the sum of the errors of the five avoirdupois pounds, the
error of each was deduced.
The following is a detail of the comparisons.
The variation of the index was carefully ascertained to be
one division for one-tenth of a grain.
The sixTroy Pounds,
Divisions.
The 6 lb. weight.
No. 1. Divisions.
Difference
Divisions.
Mean.
Difference
ingrains.
— 0,4
+ 1,1
+ i,o
— 1,9
— 2,0
— i,o
— 4,0
-5,0
— 2,9
0,29
Added three-tenths of a grain to the 6 lb. weight No. i .
1,8
2,9
S'7
3>4
2>5
•0.5
■4,8
3>8
2,3
2,7
2,6
+ 1^3
— 1,9
+ 1,9
— 0,6
+ 0.7
— o,i
J
r T ' x'i
+ 0,2
+ 0,02
By several trials one-tenth of a grain occasioned a varia-
tion in the index of 0,7 of a division.
Captain Kater's account of the
The sixTroy Pounds,
DiTisioas.
Ui
0,0
— 1,0
— 2,2
The 6 lb. weight,
No. 3. Divisions.
•2,0
■4.8
3'6
Difference
Divisions.
2,0
3.8
1,6
1.4
}
Mean.
2,2
Difference
in grains.
— 0,31
Added two-tenths of a grain to the 61b. weight No. 2.
+ 1.5
+ 1,2
+ 1.7
-3.8
-3.8
— 4.8
— 0,2
_-5?2*4
— 2,3
— 1,9
— 3.3
~o,5
— 1.5
+ 1,2
-1,8
— 7.0
— 4,6
— 4'8
-3,6
-3.6
— 4>6
-4.3
— 2,0
— 2,7
— 0,5
+ 20
— 3.2
+ 0,2
— 4,6
— i»%
— I,
-'2,7
— 1,0
— ».54
— 0,22
Added 0,17 of a grain.
The 6 lb. weight No. 1.
The mean of four comparisons gave for the difference of
No. 1. from the six troy pounds, — ,29 + ,3 = +,01
The mean of six other comparisons - - +,02
The 6 lb. weight No. 2.
The mean of four comparisons gave for the difference of
No. 2. from the six troy pounds --,31 + ,2 -f->i7= +,0^
The mean of 1 1 other comparisons gave — ,22 +,17 = —,05
The final means of these results obtained in the same
manner as those of the troy pounds are as follows :
Grains.
The difference of No. 1, from the six troy pounds is +,016
of No. 2, _ _ _ - — ,020
The mean difference is — ,002
new standards of weights and measures. ' 23
The avoirdupois pounds were distinguished from each
other by the following marks.
That which I shall call C 1 P" Av''
No. 1. 1 1824
No. 2. -J
' 1824 • a dot after the figures.
-T ( 1 P° Av* a dot under the letter S, and another
i 1824* °°* ^^^ ^"® figures.
No. 4.
No. 5.
1 P^ Av* a dot under the letter D, another dot
under the letter S, and a third dot
8 24 • after the figures.
{':
These weights were successively compared with the avoir-
dupois pound No. 1 . which was taken both before and after the
others ; for this purpose Mr. Robinson's balance was used.
One hundredth of a grain occasioned a variation of 0,7 of
a division.
I
Avoirdupois Pounds.
No. I.
Divisions.
No. 2.
Divisions.
No. 3.
Divisions.
No. 4.
Divisions.
No. 5.
Divisions.
No. I.
Divisions.
+ 0,2
— 0,4
— 0,4
— 0,5
— 0,4
— 0,4
— 0,3
0 A
— 0,4
— 0,4
— 0,4
0 1
— 0,8
— 0,7
— 0,7
— 0,9
. — 0,8
— 0,8
-0,7
+ 0,3
— 0,2
— 0,5
— 0,2
Wjjj.
*-'»j
"»7
— 0,28
— 0,15
— 0,37
Mean.
— 0,37
— 0,72
— 0,8
— 0,15
— 0,21
Means.
By the above comparisons the difference of each weight
from No. 1. is as follows;
24
'Captain Kater's account of the
No. 2.
3.
4.
5.
u^nit*- ,i6 divisions = — ,002 grains.
. — ,16 . . = — ,002
. — ,51 . . = —,007
• — ,59 . . = — ,008
Sum of the differences — ,019
I now proceeded to compare the five avoirdupois pounds
with each of the 6lb. weights, to which 440 grains, taken
from Mr. Bate's weights, were added, and which together
made five pounds avoirdupois.
One tenth of a grain occasioned the index to vary one
division.
The 6 lb. weight
N0.I.
+ 440 gr. Divis.
The five
Avoirdupois Pounds,
Divisions.
Difference
Divisions.
Mean.
Difference
in grains.
— 1,0
— 0,8
+ 0,6
+ 1,8
+ 1^7
+ 1^5
0,0
+ 2,7
-1,9
— 2,2
— 3^9
—0,5
+ 2,2
+ 1>I
+ 0,1
+ I>I
— 0,4
— o>7
— 2,9
— 1,4
— 2,9
+ 0,3
+ 1,6
— 0,7
— 1,6
— 0,4
— 0,4
— 2,0
1 .0
'-
— 0,63
— 0,063
+ 0,8 ^
The 6 lb. weight
No. 2.
+ 440 gr. Divis.
The five
Avoirdupois Pounds,
Divisions.
Difference
Divisions.
Mean.
DiflFerence
in grains.
— 1,0
3>o
— 1,6
— 1,2
— 0,9
— 2,1
-1,6
— 0,4
— 0,2
— 0^7
— 1»3
— 0,7
— 2,1
1,2
— 0,8
— 0,7
— 1,2
— 1,0
— 0,7
— 0,4
— 0,3 "]
+ 2,3
— 0,5
0,0
+ 0,1
+ 1,4
+ 0,4
— 0,6
— 0,5
+ 0*3 J
>
+ 0,26
+ 0,026
new standards of weights and measures. 25
Deductions from the preceding comparisons. 3 .'iAvl
The mean of the differences of the two 6 lb. weights from
the six troy pounds is - - - — ,0020 grs.
But the sum of the errors of the six troy
pounds is ----- + ,0039
Therefore the mean of the errors of the
two 6 lb. weights is - - - + >ooi9
The first comparisons of the five avoirdupois pounds with
one of the 6 lb. weights + 440 grains gave for the
difference - . - - - - — ,o6so grs.
With the other 6 lb. weight + 440 grains,
the difference was - - - + ,0260
The mean is - - — ,0185
But the mean error of the two 6 lb. weights is +,0019
Therefore the sum of the errors of the five
avoirdupois pounds is ^ ^ - — ,0166
The sum of the differences between No. 1. and the other
avoirdupois pounds being ,019 grains, and all in defect, wires
of the following values were enclosed in each weight ; viz.
In No. 2. - - ,002 grs. *
3. - - ,002
4. - - ,006
5. - - ,007
Total - ,017
MDCCCXXVI. E
/
fS .Yw Captain KaTEr's account of the
The very near agreement of the preceding result with
Mr. Bate's determination, is a sufficient proof of his care,
and. of the accuracy with which the avoirdupois pound has
been obtained.
As each of the avoirdupois pounds had certain wires
enclosed in it when delivered to me by Mr Bate, the folio w-
ingis, an account of the wires they now contain.
No. 1. contains i wire = ,053 grains.
2. — 4 wires = ,184
3. — 4 wires = ,200
^ 4. — Swires = ,250
.ei2 be/do 5. _ not noted.
After the adjustment of the avoirdupois pounds was com-
pleted, Mr. Bate used the large balance to make an approxi-
mate adjustment of the weights of the imperial gallon of
distilled water. This was interrupted by an accident which
rendered it necessary to repair the knife edges of the beam ;
and notwithstanding every care, the balance afterwards
proved less certain in its indications than it was before the
accident. The error arising from this source I have endea-
voured to lessen by increasing the number of comparisons.
Adjustment of the weights of the imperial gallon of water.
These weights were distinguished in the following
manner :
new standards of weights and measures.
That which I shall calif ^^ ^^
No.i.j.
«7
IMP. GALL.
OF WATER AT 62° F
VO:
COF
). 3. \
>. 4. \
wt of
IMP. GALL. " ^'^"'
WATER AT 62° F. a dot after the letter F.
Wt of
IMP. GALL. \ ;
OF WATER AT 62S. J a dot after the figures.
Wt of
IMP. GALL. p,i + i
OF WATER AT 62? F. a dot after the figures,
and another dot after
the letter F.
The two 6 lb. troy weights with 880 grains, making toge-
ther ten pounds avoirdupois, were employed as a standard
in the manner which has been already detailed in describing
the adjustment of the troy pounds. ^^
From previous rough trials, certain wires were added to
each of the gallon weights, the value of which will be given
hereafter, and the following comparisons were made. The
index of the balance varied one division with one-tenth of a
grain. _
The two 6 lb.
weights
+ 880 grains.
Divisions.
Gallon
weights.
■ 1
The two 6 lb.
weights
+ 880 grains.
No. I.
Divisions.
No. 2.
Divisions.
No. 3.
Divisions.
No. 4.
Divisions.
+ 2,5
+ 5,8
-0,6
-0,8
— 0,1
— 3,c
— 3,2
+ 3,9
-6,4
-2,8
— 2,0
+ 2,5
+ 2,7
— 3-3
— 4,1
— 0,2
— 3,3
+ 0,8
-1,5
— 1-7
— 0,9
+ 1.5
-4,9
4-5,4
+ 2,1
— 2,t
-8,1
+ 1,2
-4,1
+ 6,8
+ 4,S
— 1,7
+ ©,4
— 2,5
— 2,2
+ 0,63
+ 0,85
— 1,98
— 0,95
— 1,12
— 0,93
+ Q,»5
+ 0,74
Mean.
?8 Captain Kater's account of the
By the above comparisons, the error of each weight in
parts of a grain is as follows :
No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4.
— ,272 — ,169 — ,186 — ,167
The two 6 lb.
weights
+ 880 grains.
Divisions.
Gallon weights.
The two 6 lb.
weights
+ 880 grains
Divisions.
No. 1.
Divisions.
No. 2.
Divisions.
No. 3.
Divisions.
No. 4.
Divisions.
— 1,9
+ 3>o
+ 2,9
+ 4,2
+ 1,4
+ 2,5
+ i>3
+ 3>o
-1,9
— 1,0
+ 0,8
+ 2,9
0,0
+ 1,2
+ 2,0
+ +0
— 2,0
-4,9
+ 0,6
— >.7
+ 0,2
+ 1,6
+ 3.1
— 3'2
— 0,6
— 3,3
— 1,9
+ o>S
— 1,8
tl%
+ 0,3
— 1,9
+ 1,0
+ 3'3
+ ».9
-\-Z>9
+ 4,8
+ 4,7
— 1,0
+ »,7
+ 3>4
+ 3.3
+ 2,8
+ 4.1
+ 0,5
+ 5,2
+ 3.4
+ 2,05
+ 3.0S
+ 1,00
— 0,79
— 1,61
+ 2,09
+ 3>o5
+ 2,55
Mean.
By the above comparisons, the error of each weight in
parts of a grain, is as follows :
No. 1. No. 2. No. s. No. 4.
— ,155 — ,334 — ,416 — ,046
The two 61b.
weights
+ 880 grains.
Divisions.
Gallon weights.
The two 6 lb.
weights
+ 880 grains.
Divisions.
No. I.
Divisions.
No. 2.
Divisions.
No. 3.
Divisions.
No.v
Divisions.
+ 4>o
+ 3.5
-5,0
-1,9
+ 2,9
+ 3>7
+ 1,2
+ 3,0
— 1,7
— 0,8
— 4.9
+ 2,2
+ 3,1
_o,4
— 2,6
— 1,6
+ 1,2
+ 2,5
— 1,5
— 3,0
— 3.4
— 0,4 .
— 3»9
+ 6,2
— i,o
— 3.8
+ 0,1
+ 1,1
+ 1.3
+ 7,2
— 0,2
— 0,5
+ 2,7
+ 1,6
+ 3,0
+ 1,20
+ 2,30
— 0,17
— 0,27
— 1,61
+ 0,65
+ 2,30
+ «»75
Mean.
new standards of weights and measures. m^
By the above comparisons the error of each weight in
parts of a grain is as follows :
No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4.
— ,192 — ,202 — ,336 — ,110
Results of the comparisons of the four weights of the imperial
gallon of water.
No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4.
Grains. Grains. Grains. Grains.
1st series . . — ,272 — ,169 — ,186 — ,167
2nd series . . — ,155 — ,334 — ,416 — ,046
3d series . . — ,192 —,202 — ,SSQ — ,110
Mean errors . — ,206 — ,235 — ,313 — ,108
A wire equal to its error was now enclosed in each weight.
The numbers and values of the wires inclosed in the gallon
weights are as follow :
Grains.
No. 1 . contains 2 wires, together = 0,366
No. 2. — 4 wires, — = 1,174
No. 3. — 3 wires, — = 0,791
No. 4. — 3 wires, — = 0,422
The adjustment of the gallon weights occupied me till the
10th of April, when the balance was removed to Mr. Bate's
for the purpose of adjusting the standard gallon measures.
Adjustment of the imperial gallon measures.
It has been remarked that the form chosen for the gallon
measure is that of a hollow cone, terminated by a cylindrical
mouth of about an inch and a half diameter. The inside of .
go Captain Kater's account of the
the cone is turned very smooth and close to its base is curved
so as to avoid the acute angle, which would have resulted
from continuing the side of the cone to the bottom. By this
also the advantage was gained of a greater substance for the
insertion of the screws used for attaching the bottom of the
gallon to the cone.
As soldering was thought objectionable, the bottom was
ground to the cone, and it was supposed that it would thus
have been sufficiently secure ; but on letting the gallons
remain filled for 24 hours, in some a slight leakage became
perceptible. After many experiments, the best remedy for
this appeared to be a very minute quantity of fresh grease,
carefully applied to the bottom of the cone and then almost
wholly wiped off; after which the bottom was firmly screwed
in its place.
The following was the method pursued in adjusting the
gallon :
If the gallon contained a considerable quantity, as one or
two hundred grains of water too little, its capacity was
enlarged by turning away a small portion from the flat
bottom. If on the contrary the gallon contained too much,
the base of the cone was ground away ; and it must be evi-
dent that a very small quantity taken from this part would
occasion a considerable variation in the capacity, one thou-
sandth of an inch making a difference of about 17 grains.
Errors of smaller magnitude were removed either by grind-
ing down the top of the mouth, or by enlarging the aperture
by using a cylindrical plug of brass with emery.
The interior of the measure being carefully wiped dry,
it was placed in the scale together with one of the gallon
new standards of weights and measures, si
weights and a circular piece of plate glass ( the use of which
will be presently described), and the whole was counter-
poised, .jj-j^, .
The division at which the index of the balance stood was
noted, and the gallon weight removed ; the gallon was then
nearly filled with distilled water by means of a small glass
syphon, so contrived by Mr. Bate as to prevent the intro-
duction of bubbles of air. The temperature of the water was
then taken as well as the height of the barometer, and the
filling of the gallon continued until the water rose percepti-
bly a little above its mouth. The piece of plate glass before-
mentioned, and which had a small hole drilled in its centre,
was then carefully placed upon the top of the gallon, when
the superabundant water passed through the hole to the upper
surface of the glass, and was removed by drawing it with the
mouth into a capillary glass tube.
The difference of the expansion of water, and of brass,
being an object of the highest importance in the present
operations, I was glad to find that Mr. Bate had made nume-
rous experiments upon this subject, and I had had sufficient
experience of his care to place great reliance upon his con-
clusions. It will be seen that the considerable range of tem-
perature under which the experiments with the gallons
No. 1, 3, and 4, were made, and the uniformity of the results
fully justify this confidence, and form very conclusive evi-
dence of the accuracy of the corrections employed.
But besides the correction for the difference of the expan-
sion of water and of the brass vessel, another allowance is
necessary for the buoyancy of the atmosphere in cases where
extreme accuracy is required. The gallon is to contain ten
32 Captain Kater's account of the
pounds of distilled water, at the temperature of 62° of Fa-
renheit's thermometer, the barometer being at 30 inches ;
consequently, for any difference from this state of the baro-
meter, as well as of the thermometer, a correction must be
applied. Water is 831 times heavier than air when the
barometer is at 30 inches, and the thermometer at 62°, and this
varies directly as the height of the barometer, consequently
the correction due to a difference of one inch of the barometer
will be -5 — X — = -^— part of the weight of water.
831 30 24930 r &
The gallon weight being counterpoised with brass, and
brass being about 8 times heavier than water, the effect of
the buoyancy of the atmosphere upon brass will be only ^
of that upon water, and this will tend to lessen the effect
upon the water by one eighth part of the whole quantity.
Therefore — -— ^ I x 70000 grains = 2,46 grains, is the
number of grains by which the weight of the gallon of water
will be increased by a depression of one inch of the barometer.
Though the variation of the temperature of the air during
the experiments was several degrees, the effect upon the
correction for the buoyancy of the atmosphere would have
been so inconsiderable as to be unworthy of notice upon the
present occasion.
As an error of one degree in the determination of the
temperature of the water contained by the gallon would
occasion an error ranging from four to six grains, it must
be evident that a knowledge of the precise temperature of the
Wjater was of primary importance. For this purpose a thermo-
meter was used which had been prepared with extraordinary
care by Mr. Bate, and the scale was such that its indications
were estimated without difficulty to tenths of a degree.
new standards of weights and measures. 33
It would perhaps be useless to detail the numerous expe-
riments which were made in approximating to the final
adjustment of the gallon measures, and I shall therefore
immediately proceed to state the ultimate results.
Gallon (which I shall designate) No. 1.
Date.
Barom.
Temp,
of the
Water.
Weight of
water con-
tained bythe
gallon,
lolbs. ±
Correction
for
Barometer.
Correction
for
Temperat.
Weight of
water the
gallon
should have
contained.
10 lbs. ±
Error
ingrains.
June.
I
6
II
«5
Inches.
30,29
29,94
30,22
30,16
30,27
0
59>o
59,4
66,6
67,8
67,2
Grains.
+ 13,13
+ 11,14
— 24,96
— 30,84
— 27,21
Grains.
— 0,71
+ 0,15
— 0,54
— 0,40
— 0,66
Grains.
+ 12,38
+ 10,83
— 23,29
— 30,17
— 26,68
Grains.
+ 11,67
+ 10,98
— 23,83
— 30,57
— 27,34
+ 1,46
+ 0,16
— 1,13
— 0,27
+ 0,13
Mr. Bate.
Mr. Bate.
Mr. Bate.
Mean
-1-0,07
The bottom of the gallon No. 2. was rather thin, it was
therefore subsequently adjusted by Mr. Bate, and sentto'the
Exchequer to be used on more ordinary occasions.
Gallon No. 3.
Weight of
Temp.
Weight of
water con-
Correction
Correction
water the
Error
Date.
Barom.
of the
Water.
tained bythe
gallon.
10 lbs. ±
for
Barometer.
„ ^°^ ^ should have
Temperat. contained.
10 lbs. ±
m grains.
May.
Inches.
0
Grains.
Grains.
Grains. 1 Grains.
18
30,33
57.9
+ 16,52
— 0,81
+ 16,34 + 15,53
+ 0,99
20
30,29
57.4
+ 18,48
— 0,71
+ 18,02
+ 17,31
+ 1,17
23
29,96
60,5
+ 6,67
+ 0,10
+ 6,44
+ 6,54
+ 0,13
31
30,30
59.0
+ 12,58
— 0,74
+ 12,38
+ 11,64
+ 0,94
Mr. Bate.
June
30,30
59,2
+ 9,78
— 0,74
+ 11,60 j+ 10,86
— 1.08
Mr. Bate.
I
30,30
58,8
+ 12,72
— 0,74
-f- 13,10 ;-|- 12,36
+ 0,36
II
30,18
67.3
— 31.53
— 0,45
- 27,26
— 27,71
- 3,82
Mr. Bate.
>3
30,14
67,4
— 26,74
— 0,35
~ 27,84
— 28,19
+ 1.45
30,14
68,2
— 31,80
— 0,35
- 32.54
— 32.89
+ 1.09
Mean
+ 0,14
MDCCCXXVI.
34
Captain Kater*s account of the
Gallon No. 4.
Date,
Barom.
Temp,
of the
Water.
Weight of
water con-
tained bythe
gallon,
lolbs.
Correction
for
Barometer.
Correction
for
Temperat.
Weight of
water the
gallon
should have
contained
10 lbs. d
Error
in grains.
June.
6
8
II
13
H
Inches.
29,94
29'95
30,22
30,16
30,14
30,28
30,25
59*2
61,7
66,9
68,2
67,0
68,8
67*9
Grains.
+ 12,36
+ 2,36
^ 19,69
— 28,58
— 25,30
— 36,42
30>84
Grains.
+ 0,15
+ 0,12
— o>54
— 0,40
— 0,35
— 0,69
— 0,61
Grains.
-\- 11,60
+ 1,31
- 24,96
- 32,54
- 25,52
- 36,17
- 30.75
Grains.
+ »i.75
+ 1,43
— 25,50
— 32,94
— 25,87
— 36,86
-- 31,36
+ 0,61
+ Q>93
+ 5.81
+ 4,36
+ 0,57
+ 0,44
+ 0,52
Mr. Bate.
Mr. Bate.
Mr. Bate.
Mean
Mean, rejecting greatest and least
+ 1,89
+ 0,61
Gallon No. 5.
Date.
Barom.
Temp,
of the
Water.
Weight of
water con-
tained bythc
gallon.
iolbs.+
Correction
for
Barom^er.
Correction
for
Tempeiat.
Weight of
water the
gallon
should have
contained.
lolbs. +
Error
in grains.
■
June.
1
3
8
Inches.
30,30
30,27
29,70
29,95
0
58.7
60,25
60,6
61,4
Grains.
+ 12,83
+ 5>8o
+ 7.9'
+ 2,80
Grains.
— 0,74
— 0,66
+ 0,74
+ 0,12
Grains.
+ 13,47
+ 7,47
-1- 6,02
H- 2,63
Grains.
+ 12,73
+ 6,81
+ 6,76
+ 2,75
+ 0,10
— 1,01
+ i»i5
+ 0,05
Mr. Bate.
Mean
+ 0,07
Adjustment of the Qiiart and Pint for the Exchequer.
The quart and pint measures for the Exchequer differed
in no respect from the gallon, except in being of inferior
dimensions, and were adjusted in a similar manner.
new standards of weights and measures*
. 55
Quart.
Date.
Barom.
Temp,
of the
Water.
Weight of
water con-
tained bythe
quart.
2I lbs. ±
Correction
for
Barometer.
Correction
for
Temperat.
Weight of
water the
Quart
should have
contained.
z\ lbs. ±
Error
in grains.
June.
J5
Inches.
30,27
30,27
30,27
0
69,0
67,1
67,5
68,1
Grains.
— 9'82
— 6,98
— 6,86
— 8,12
Grains.
— 0,16
— 0,16
— 0,16
— 0,16
Grains.
— 9'34
— 6,52
— 7."
— 7,98
Grains.
— 9,50
— 6,68
— 8,14
— 0,32
— 0,30
+ 0,41
+ 0,02
Mean
— 0,05
Pint.
Date.
Barom.
Temp.
of the
Water.
Weight of
water
contained
by the pint.
1 4 lbs. ±
Correction
for
Barometer.
Correction
for
Temperat.
Weight of
water the
pint should
have con-
tained.
li lbs. ±
Error
in grains.
June.
18
Inches.
30,27
30,18
30,18
67,6
63,0
63,4
Grains.
— 3,63
— 0,53
— 0,70
Grains.
— 0,08
^ 0,05
— 0,05
Grains.
— 3,55
— 0,58
— 0,82
Grains.
— 3'63
— 0,63
— 0,87
0,00
+ 0,10
+ 0,17
^ Mean
+ 0,09
Verification of the Bushel measures.
The weight of the bushel measure, together with the
80 lbs. of water it should contain, was about 250 lbs. and as
I could find no balance capable of determining so large a
weight with sufficient accuracy, I was under the necessity of
constructing one for this express purpose.
36 Captain Kater*s account of the
I first tried cast iron ; but though the beam was made as
light as was consistent with the requisite degree of strength,
the inertia of such a mass appeared to be so considerable,
that much time must have been lost before the balance would
have answered to the small differences I wished to ascertain.
Lightness was a property essentially necessary, and bulk
was very desirable in order to preclude such errors as might
arise from the beam being partially affected by sudden alte-
rations of temperature. I therefore determined to employ
wood, a material in which the requisites I sought were com-
bined. The beam was made of a plank of mahogany about
70 inches long, 22 inches wide, and 2^ thick, tapering from
the middle to the extremities. An opening was cut in the
centre, and strong blocks screwed to each side of the plank
to form a bearing for the back of a knife edge which passed
through the centre. Blocks were also screwed to each side
at the extremities of the beam on which rested the backs of
the knife edges for supporting the pans. The opening in
the centre was made sufficiently large to admit the support
hereafter to be described, upon which the knife edge rested.
In all beams which I have seen, with the exception of those
made by Mr. Robinson, the whole weight is sustained by
short portions at the extremities of the knife edge, and the
weight being thus thrown upon a few points, the knife edge
becomes more liable to change its figure and to suffer injury.
To remedy this defect, the central knife edge of the beam
I am describing was made six inches, and the two others five
inches long. They were triangular prisms with equal sides,
of three quarters of an inch, very carefully finished, and the
edges ultimately formed to an angle of 120°.
new standards of weights and measures, si
Each knife edge was screwed to a thick plate of brass, the
surfaces in contact having been previously ground together,
and these plates were screwed to the beam, the knife edges
being placed in the same plane, and as nearly equidistant and
parallel to each other as could be done by construction.
The support upon which the central knife edge rested
throughout its whole length was formed of a plate of polished
hard steel screwed to a block of cast iron. This block was
passed through the opening before-mentioned in the centre
of the beam and properly attached to a frame of cast iron.
The stirrups to which the scales were hooked rested upon
plates of polished steel to which they were attached, and the
under surfaces of which were formed by careful grinding
into cylindrical segments. These were in contact with the
knife edges their whole length, and were known to be in
their proper position by the correspondence of their extremi-
ties with those of the knife edges.
.A well-imagined contrivance was applied by Mr. Bate for
raising the beam when loaded, in order to prevent unneces-
sary wear of the knife edge ; and for the purpose of adjusting
the place of the centre of gravity, when the beam was loaded
with the weight required to be determined, a screw carrying
a moveable ball projected vertically from the middle of the
beam.
The performance of this balance fully equalled my expec-
tations. With two hundred and fifty pounds in each scale,
the addition of a single grain occasioned an immediate varia-
tion in the index of one-twentieth of an inch, the radius being
fifty inches.
In using this beam, care should be taken that the ends of
38 Captaifi Kater's account of the
the steel plates to which the stirrups are attached coincide
with the ends of the knife edges, otherwise some error
might arise from a possible want of parallelism.
The bushel measure being placed in one of the scales,
together with 80 lbs. * the whole was counterpoised with
brass ; the 80 lbs. was then removed, and the bushel filled
with water by means of a syphon. The temperature of the
water was then very carefully taken, and the height of the
barometer registered. A circular piece of plate glass, as
plane as could be procured, having a hole about a quarter of
an inch diameter in its centre, was slid over the bushel, and
the air-bubbles which appeared on the under surface of the
glass were removed by touching them with a^ small bent
tube made of flexible metal, a method thought of by
Mr. Bate. Water was added through the hole in the glass ;
and by carefully observing the curvature of the fluid surface,
it was soon evident that the filling of the bushel might be
repeated without a greater difference than three or four
grains.
It is scarcely requisite to remark that many experiments
were made, not here detailed, before the adjustment of the
bushel was perfected ; the very great accuracy and masterly
workmanship however of Mr. Keir, who had been furnished
with gauges for the diameter and depth of the bushel, ren-
dered little alteration necessary.
* This was obtained by taking twice the weight of the four weights of the
gallon of water.
new standards of weights and measures.
Bushel No. i.
3^
Date.
Barom.
Temp,
of the
Water.
Weight of
water con-
tained by
the bushel,
80 lbs. ±
Correction
for
Barometer.
Correction
for
Temperat.
Weight of
water the
bushel
should have
contained.
80 lbs. ±
Error
ingrains.
June.
22
24
Inches.
30,00
29,98
29,96
60,30
61, 4
6i,75
Grains.
+ 61,10
+ 34,40
+ i2»5S
Grains.
O, O
+ 0,40
+ 0,10
Grains.
+ 58,13
+ 21,01
+ 8»75
Grains.
+ 58,13
+ 21,41
+ 8,85
+ 2,97
+ 12,99
+ 3»7o
Mr. Bate,
Mean
+ 6,55
Bushel No. 2.
Date.
Barom.
Temp,
of the
Water.
Weight of
water con-
tained by
the bushel.
80 lbs. ±
Correction
for
Barometer.
Correction
for
Temperat.
Weight of
water the
bushel
should have
contained.
80 lbs. ±
Error
in grains.
July.
7
8
Inches.
30,00
29,98
29,98
0
63,1
62,5
62,6
Grains.
— 38,00
— 18,10
— 19,59
Grains.
0,00
+ 0,40
+ 0,40
Grains.
— 41,00
— 18,49
— 22,19
Grains.
— 41,00
— 18,09
— 21,79
+ 3,00
— 0,01
+ 2,20
Mean
+ 1,73
Bushel No. 3.
Date.
Barom.
Temp,
of the
Water.
Weight of
water con-
tained by
the bushel.
80 lbs. ±
Correction
for
Barometer.
Correction
for
Temperat.
Weight of
water the
bushel
should have
contained.
80 lbs. ±
Error
ingrains.
May.
18
20
24
31
J|»ne,
»7
Inches.
30,33
30,29
29,83
30,28
30,16
0
57»4
62,3
59*3
66,8
Grains.
+ 141,65
+ 140,54
+ »»54
+ 96,20
— 201,50
Grains.
— 6,48
— 5.68
+ 3*36
— 5>52
— 3,20
Grains.
+ I44>l6
+ 1 36,06
— 11,09
+ 89,73
~'95>25
Grains.
+ i37>68
+ 130,38
— 7.73
+ 84,21
— 198,45
+ 3.97
+ 10,16
+ 9,27
+ 1 1,99
— 3,05
Mr. Bate.
Mr. Bate.
Mr. Bate.
Mean
+ 6,47
40
Captain Kater's account of the
Bushel No. 4.
Date.
Barom.
Temp,
of the
Water.
Weight of
water con-
tained by
the bushel.
80 lbs. ±
Correction
for
Barometer.
Correction
for
Temperat.
Weight of
water the
bushel
should have
contained.
80 lbs. ±
Error
in grains.
June.
27
Inches.
29,77
29^77
29,79
0
6i,9
62,0
61,9
Grains.
+ 6,10
+ 5>6o
+ 5»2o
Grains.
+ 4.48
+ 4*48
+ 4.16
Grains.
+ 3,50
0,0
+ 3>5o
Grains.
+ 7.98
+ 4,48
+ 7>66
-1,88
+ 1,12
— 2,46
Mean — 1,07
In order to enable the reader to form some idea of the
errors of the measures of capacity, it may be remarked that
a drop of water is commonly estimated to be nearly equal to
one grain.
As the quantity of water contained by the bushel measure
is determined by the surface of the glass plate, which should
be a perfect plane, a figure not easily attainable, it is not to
be understood that the capacity of the bushel is true within
the limits of the errors above-mentioned, but to the gallon,
quart, and pint measures, in consequence of their more ad-
vantageous form, this source of error does not in any sensible
degree apply.
Verification of the standard yards with steel terminations.
These standard yards were made by Mr. Dollond ; they
are of brass, one inch square. To their extremities are firmly
screwed rectangular pieces of steel of the same width as the
bar, and projecting above its surface. The distance between
the interior faces of the steel termination is intended to be
equal to the length of the imperial standard yard.
new standards of weights and measures. 41
To determine this distance I employed the following
method :
Two bars of brass were prepared, three quarters of an inch
square and rather less than 18 inches long. They were ter-
minated by planes at right angles to their length ; and upon
the upper face of each bar, very near to the end, a fine trans-
verse line was drawn ; the other ends of the bars being then
placed in contact and kept so by springs, the distance between
the lines was taken by means of two micrometer microscopes
fixed to a bar of wood and referred to Sir G. Shuckburgh's
standard scale, which scale, it has already been remarked,
does not sensibly differ from the imperial standard yard.
The distance between the lines was found by numerous
comparisons to be 919 divisions of the micrometer less than
the standard yard, each division of the micrometer being
equal to — ^ of an inch.
^ 23363
The brass bars were then placed upon the standard to be
examined, their marked ends being next each other, and
their opposite extremities kept in contact with the steel faces
by a spring introduced between the bars, a part below the
surface being cut away for that purpose. The distance
between the lines was then measured by the micrometer
microscope, which distance, had the standard been perfectly
correct, would have been equal to what the distance of the
lines in the former position of the bars wanted of s^ inches.
Standard Yard, No. 1.
The distance between the lines upon the brass bars was
found by the mean of six measurements to be 918,2 divisions
Df the micrometer, which differs so little from 919 divisions,
MDCCCXXVI. G
4# Captain Kater's account of the
that this standard yard may be considered as perfectly
correct.
Standard Yard, No. 2.
The mean of sixteen measurements gave the distance
between the lines upon the brass bars 910 divisions. This
standard is therefore 9 divisions, or ,00038 of an inch too
shortw
Standard Yard, No. 3.
By the mean of six measurements this standard appeared
to be five divisions, or ,00021 of an inch too long.
Standard Yard, No. 4.
The mean of ten measurements gave the error of this
standard five divisions, or ,00021 of an inch too short.
Adjustment of the Standard Tards with gold points.
The standard yards last described are intended merely for
the purpose of sizing those employed in commerce, and the
trifling differences above stated may be utterly disregarded ;
but the Commissioners of Weights and Measures thought it
desirable that accurate copies of the imperial standard yard
should be made, to be carefully preserved and transmitted to
posterity solely for the purpose of being referred to upon
extraordinary occasions, or upon questions important to
science.
The difficulty of transferring a given distance from one
scale to another, is well known to all who are acquainted
with the subject ; the operation is one of considerable deli-
cacy ; and notwithstanding every precaution, is seldom abso-
nezv standards of weights and measures, 43
lutely free from error. But a national standard should be
accurately that which it professes to be. It is not enough to
determine its error, as the record of this may in process of
time be lost ; it therefore became necessary to devise a
method by which any perceptible error in those standards
which are the foundation of all the others, might ultimately
be annihilated.
The four standard yards which I am about to describe are
of brass, one inch and a quarter wide, and half an inch thick.
This thickness is the same as that of Sir G. Shuckburgh's
scale, and was chosen in order that both might be affected
with equal readiness by any change of temperature ; for as
the imperial standard yard of 1760 is one inch square, I
thought it preferable to adjust the new standards by means
of Sir G. Shuckburgh's scale, which, as I have before re-
marked, does not sensibly differ from it.
A disk of gold being let into the surface near one extre-
mity, a hole was drilled through the bar at the distance of
thirty-six inches from the centre of the disk, and being made
slightly conical, a plug of brass was ground in the hole so
as to fit it perfectly. A gold disk was let into the top of the
plug, and reduced to a level with the surface of the scale.
The other end of the plug projected beneath the scale, and
had a small hole through it to admit a wire, by means of
which it might be turned round. A very fine deep dot was
then made by Mr. Dollond upon each of the gold disks, as
nearly as it could be done at the distance of thirty-six inches
from each other, the dot upon the moveable disk not being
exactly in its centre.
44 Captain Kater's account of the
Before the plug was ground in its place a small hole was
drilled through the side of the scale into the conical
aperture.
The microscopical apparatus employed on the present
occasion has been described in the paper upon the comparison
of various British standards of linear measure before quoted.
The cross wires of the microscopes being brought respec-
tively over zero, and s6 inches upon Sir G. Shuckburgh's
scale, the apparatus was transferred to the new standard, and
the intersection of the cross wires of one of the microscopes
placed upon the centre of the fixed dot. The moveable dot
was then brought by turning the brass plug to the intersec-
tion of the cross wires of the other microscope.
The distance of the dots was repeatedly compared with
Sir G. Shuckburgh's standard upon different days, in order
to ascertain that no perceptible error remained. A drill was
passed through the hole in the side of the scale, and the
brass plug carefully pierced through ; a pin was then driven
into the plug so as to render any change of position impossi-
ble, and the projecting part of the plug was cut off.
The standards being thus finished, they were again com-
pared with Sir G. Shuckburgh's scale, and it was with
surprise and disappointment that I found the whole of them
apparently too short. They had been adjusted upon a board
of mahogany carefully planed, and the table upon which they
were now placed was so flat as to occasion little alteration in
a spirit level passed along it. The error of the standards
was however far too considerable to be attributed to any
curvature which on this occasion could take place, and it was
new standards of weights and measures. 45
hot until after several days that I discovered the cause of
this perplexing circumstance. I found that by placing a card,
the thickness of which w^as accurately one-fiftieth of an inch,
under the middle of the standard, the distance of the dots
was much increased, and by placing a card of the same
thickness under each of the extremities, and withdrawing
that which was under the centre, the distance of the dotsi
was considerably diminished. The total difference amounted
to no less than ,0016 of an inch, whilst the double of the
error which would have arisen from mere curvature under
similar circumstances would not have been one ten-thou-
sandth of an inch.
The cause was now evident ; by elevating the middle of
the standard, the under surface was shortened, and the upper
surface extended ; and on the contrary, when the extremities
were elevated the upper surface was compressed and the
lower surface lengthened ; the quantity of the effect evidently
depending upon the thickness of the bar.
Having thus assured myself of the source of the error,
a method of obviating it soon presented itself. As the upper
and under surfaces of the bar are in different states, the one
being compressed and the other extended, there must be an
intermediate plane which suffers neither extension nor com-
pression, and this plane must be nearly midway between the
two surfaces. I therefore caused Mr. Dollond to reduce
the thickness of the bar for the distance of an inch and three
quarters from its extremities to one half ; the gold disks and
plugs were then inserted as before, and the adjustment
completed in the manner which has been described. The
plugs being secured, and the projecting parts removed, the
4Q Captain Kater's account of the
standards were repeatedly compared with Sir G. Shuck-
burgh's scale (the standard being placed upon the scale)
when no perceptible difference could be detected. Pieces of
card were now placed under the standard as before, without
occasioning any appreciable alteration ; and I had thus expe-
rimental proof of the perfect efficiency of the remedy I had
employed.
I have been thus particular in detailing the difficulties I
experienced, because they exhibit a source of very consider-
able error which may arise from the thickness of a standard
scale, and which I believe has never before been suspected.
It may be here not unnecessary to remark, that on every
occasion on which I have used Sir G. Shuckburgh's scale, it
has fortunately been placed not only upon the same table,
but upon the same part of it.
The various standards which have been described in this
paper with the exception of the yards with steel termina-
tions are not meant for common use, but are intended to be
carefully preserved, to be referred to only upon extraordi-
nary occasions. In addition however to these, other weights
as well as measures of capacity were made with great care by
Mr. Bate. The following is a list of the whole, with an
account of the places where they are deposited.
Standards deposited at the Exchequer ^ Westminster.
1 Imperial standard yard with gold points.
I Standard yard with steel terminations. No. i.
1 Imperial troy pound. No. 5.
X Avoirdupois pound. No. 1.
new standards of weights and measures. 47
1 Avoirdupois pound, No. 5. (in a box with smaller
weights.)
1 Weight of imperial gallon of water, No. 1.
1 Imperial gallon measure, No. 3.
1 Bushel, No. 3.
1 Quart, No. 4.
1 Pint.
A copy of the imperial Gallon,
Quart, and
Pint.
Bushel,
Half bushel.
Peck,
Gallon,
Half gallon.
Quart,
Pint,
Half pint.
Gill,
Half gill.
Set of avoirdupois weights, from 56 lbs. to half a drachm.
Set of counterpoises for the above set of weights.
1 Set of troy weights, from one pound to one grain, with
counterpoises.
1
for common use.
)> cylindrical, for common use.
Standards deposited at Guildhally London.
1 Imperial standard yard with gold p(»nts.
1 Standard yard with steel terminations. No. 4.
1 Imperial troy pound. No. 1.
1 Avoirdupois pound. No. s.
48 Captain Kater's account of the
1 Weight of imperial gallon of water, No. 3.
1 Imperial gallon measure, No. 5.
1 Bushel, No. 4.
1 Quart.
1 Pint.
1 Set of avoirdupois weights, from 56 lbs. to half a drachm.
Standards deposited at Edinburgh.
1 Imperial standard yard with gold points.
1 Standard yard with steel terminations. No. 2.
1 Imperial troy pound. No. 2.
1 Avoirdupois pound. No. 3.
1 Weight of imperial gallon of water. No. 4*
1 Imperial gallon measure, No. 4.
1 Bushel, No. 1.
1 Quart.
1 Pint.
I Set of avoirdupois weights, from 56 lbs. to half a drachm.
Standards deposited at Dublin.
1 Imperial standard yard with gold points.
1 Standard yard with steel terminations, No. 3.
1 Imperial troy pound. No. 4.
1 Avoirdupois pound. No. 4.
1 Weight of imperial gallon of water, No. 2,
1 Imperial gallon measure. No. 1 .
1 Bushel, No. s.
1 Quart.
1 Pint.
1 Set of avoirdupois weights, from 56lbs. to half a drachm.
new standards of weights and measures. 49
I cannot conclude without bearing testimony to the un-
wearied perseverance, ability and accuracy, which Mr. Bate
has shown in the course of a work attended with no common
difficulties, and to the perfect execution of which he has
devoted, for a long period, the whole of his time and
attention.
From what has been said, it will be seen that the length
of the pendulum vibrating seconds in London has been found
in parts of the imperial standard yard ; consequently, the
value of the yard may at any time be known, having been
referred to a natural standard presumed to be unalter-
able. The length of the French metre, a standard expressing
a certain portion of a terrestrial meridian, has also been
given in parts of the English scale. The weight of a cubic
inch of distilled water has been determined in parts of the
imperial troy pound ; and thus the pound, if lost, may at any
future age be recovered. The avoirdupois pound is now for
the first time defined, and the measures of capacity are made
to depend upon the weight of water they contain ; the impe-
rial gallon, containing ten pounds avoirdupois of water,
having been declared to be the unit or only standard measure
of capacity from which all others are to be derived. This
it is to be presumed cannot but powerfully tend to produce
uniformity throughout the United Kingdom, by putting it in
the power of every individual possessed of standard weights,
to verify his measures of capacity with the utmost facility.
London, November, 1825.
MDCCCXXVI. H
40
Captain Kater's account of the
APPENDIX.
Table of the correction on account of temperature to he applied
to the contents of the Gallon.
Temperat.
Fahrenheit.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Grains.
+ 35,454
+ 33,972
+ 32,214
+ 30,181
+ 27,877
+ 25,304
+ 22,464
+ 19,362
+
+
+
+
15,999
12,379
8,504
4,376
0,000
— 4,623
— 9,489
— 14,596
— 19,942
— 25,522
— 31,335
— 37,377
— 43,646
Difference
fori**
1,481
1,758
2,033
2,304
2,573
2,839
3,102
3,363
3,620
3,875
4,127
4,376
4,623
4,866
5,107
5,345
5,580
5,813
6,042
6,269
new standards of weights and measures, 51'
POSTSCRIPT.
Since the preceding Paper was read, I have received a
work on Astronomy, published at Tubingen in 18 n, by
Professor Bohnenberger. This work had been pointed out
to me by Professor Schumacher as containing a description
of the convertible pendulum, and a suggestion of its employ-
ment for the purpose of determining the distance between
the centres of suspension and oscillation.
A friend has favoured me with a translation of the part irt
question, by which I find M. Schumacher's information to
be perfectly correct, and that the conception of the converti-
ble pendulum is not so new as I had imagined when I first
engaged in this enquiry. After demonstrating the recipro-
city of the centres of suspension and oscillation, the author
proceeds to say : ** On a cylindrical or prismatic rod C A
" (fig. 102.) let there be placed two wedge-formed axes
** at C and c, whose edges being turned towards each other,
" are perpendicular to the rod and parallel to each other.
" Let the one be at the end C of the rod, and the other at c,
" distant from C something more than two-thirds the length
" of the rod, so that the centre of oscillation 0, about the
" edge C, may fall between C and c. On the remaining
" part, cA of the rod, let a small weight n, slide backwards
" and forwards. Now, by a diminution of the mass of the
** rod on one or on the other side, it is easy to manage, that
" if this pendulum be suspended on its edge C, a plumb line
" hanging down from this, falls upon the edge c, conse-
" quently the centre of gravity of the pendulum falls in the
** plane of the axis of rotation. By sliding the weight n, the
52 Captain Kater's account^ &c.
" centre of oscillation round C may be made to fall in c,
" which is known by the oscillations on C and c being
" isochronous. Therefore the distance of the edges is equal
" to the length of the simple pendulum which is isochronous
" with this compound pendulum/'
Although it does not appear that this idea was ever put in
practice, it is evident, from the above extract, that the first
proposal to determine the length of the seconds pendulum
by means of the convertible pendulum, belongs to Professor .
BoHNENBERGER, and I take the earliest opportunity of ac-
knowledging his claims, in order that the credit of the iirsj:
suggestion may re^tjwh^re it J5 so justly due. " ,.
|>}p4oa, 3 1 6ji Deceaabejr,j iSf j.
■' ' ' ■ : '! oi:ria)
■Ho f[:
c 5s:i
II. Description of an improved Hygrometer. By Mr. Thomas
Jones. Communicated by Captain Henry Kater, F. R. S.
Read June 16, 1825.
___ •
Xhe attention of the scientific world has been lately so
much occupied in experiments on atmospheric phenomena,
that it is hoped any simplification or improvement in the
instruments emplojed for that purpose, may not be unac-
ceptable.
The principle of the hygrometer which I am about to
describe, is that of enabling the observer, readily and accu-
rately, to ascertain by direct and simple means, the degree of
temperature at which the moisture of the atmosphere is con-
densed, and the instant at which that operation commences.
The hygrometer is composed of a mercurial thermometer,
the graduated scale of which is about four inches and a half
long ; at the lower part of the scale the glass tube is bent
to form a right angle, at the end of which the bulb of the
thermometer rises parallel to the scale, and about one inch
from it ; the bulb is about one inch long, and of a cylindrical
form, with a black convex top, the diameter of which is a little
more than that of the cylindrical part, which is covered with
silk. The scale is attached to a piece of cylindrical wire,
three inches long, and turns upon a joint screw passing into
its edge, the other end of which wire being placed in a
tubular foot fixed to the inside of one end of the case, forms
54 Mr. Jones's description of an improved hygrometer.
SL Stand for the instrument. The case contains a small bottle
for ether.
The thermometer thus constructed, will give both the tem-
perature of the air and that of the dew point ; which last is
effected by placing the mouth of the bottle containing the
ether, in contact with the upper part of the covered surface
of the bulb, when by gently inclining the bottle, the ether
will flow downwards without wetting the top of the bulb,
which will almost immediately become dull by the deposition
of moisture on its surface ; when the observed temperature
may be taken and the difference ascertained.
Should it be objected against the principle of the instru-
ment here proposed, that the indications do not exhibit the
true temperature of the upper surface of the bulb on which
the deposition of dew takes place, but that of the lower part
to which the ether is applied ; it may be answered, that by
inclining the whole instrument so as to render the axis of the
bulb horizontal, and establish thereby a free circulation of
the mercury in every part, this objection may be obviated ;
but on repeated trials I have not found this to produce any
difference in the results.
I ought also perhaps to mention that an instrument some-
what similar in principle has been used in Vienna, and was
mentioned by Professor Baumgarten of that capital to a
friend, who communicated the fact to myself.
The instrument is represented in Plate I. Fig. i .
THOMAS JONES.
20th February, 1825.
mil. Trans. MDCCCXXVI. PlaU \.p.S4.
iM. (Sajcie jc
i: 5s3
III. Observations on the changes which have taken place in some
antient alloys of copper. By John Davy, M. D. F. R. S. In
a Letter to Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. Pres. R. S.
Read November 17, 1825.
Permit me through you to lay before the Royal Society,
the results of some experiments and observations on the
incrustations of certain antient alloys of copper, which I trust
may not be undeserving of notice, whether considered in
connexion with the arts of Antient Greece, or in relation to
the slow play of chemical affinities acting during a long^
period of time.
I shall commence with the most interesting object that
I have examined since I have been in the Mediterranean, for
which I am indebted to His Excellency Sir Frederick Adam,
His Majesty's Lord High Commissioner in the Ionian islands.
This is a bronze helmet of the antique Grecian form, recently
found in a shallow part of the sea, between the citadel of
Corfu, and the village of Castrades. Both internally and
externally it is partially encrusted with shells, and a deposit
of carbonate of lime. The surface of the helmet generally,
both under the incrustation, and where freed from it, is of a
variegated colour, mottled with spots of green, dirty white,
and red. On minute inspection, the green and red patches
exhibit a crystalline structure, and the red very distinctly ;
and on examining them with a lens, they were found to be
56 Dr. Davy'5 observations on the changes which have
formed of octohedrons of the red oxide of copper, intermixed
with crystals of the same form of metallic copper. These
crystals are most distinct at the surface ; they even adhere
to the calcareous crust, and may be detached with it, pre-
senting well- formed facets towards the part from which they
have been separated. Chemical examination shows that
they are actually composed of metallic copper, without the
least tarnish, and of the pure ruby protoxide of copper ; and
that the green rust consists principally of carbonate and sub-
muriate of copper, and the dirty white chiefly of oxide of
tin. The mineralizing process (if I may be allowed the
expression) which has produced these new combinations, in
general has penetrated very little into the substance of the
helmet. The incrustation and rust removed, the metal is
found bright beneath ; in some places considerably corroded,
in others very slightly. It proves on analysis to be copper
alloyed with 18.5 per cent, of tin. Its colour is that of our
common brass, and it possesses a considerable degree of
flexibility.
An antient nail from a tomb in Ithaca, and an antient
mirror from a tomb at Samos, in Cephalonia, have afforded
me results very similar to the preceding, excepting that the
mineralized part, consisting of oxide of tin, submuriate,
carbonate, and protoxide of copper, each more or less col-
lected apart from the others into little masses, has exhibited
rather a crystalline structure than distinct well-formed
crystals, and has been without any appearance of crystals of
metallic copper. The copper in the mirror I have found
alloyed with about 6 per cent, of tin, and a very minute
quantity of arsenic and zinc.
taken place in some antient alloys of copper. 57
I have examined a select number of antient coins, pur-
posely chosen from the fine collection of Dr. Demetrio
Petrizzopulo, of Santa Maura, to whose kindness I am
indebted for them. The results too which they have afforded
are in conformity with the preceding. As this part of my
subject may be interesting to the antiquarian, as well as to
the chemical enquirer, I shall treat it a little in detail. The
very pale incrustations, consisting of a mixture of green and
white particles, contain a large proportion of oxide of tin,
and a little carbonate of copper, or submuriate of copper, or
both. They appear to owe their light hue to the accumula-
tion of the oxide of tin at the surface. The black incrusta-
tions owe their colour to the predominance of the black oxide
of copper, which is commonly mixed with a little protoxide
of the same metal, and a minute quantity of oxide of tin,
and of the carbonate and submuriate of copper. The coins
that I have examined with this crust have contained very
little tin. The bluish-green incrustations consist chiefly of
carbonate of copper, either without oxide of tin, or mixed
with a small proportion of this metal. The emerald-green
incrustations abound in the submuriate of copper, and the
red consist almost entirely of the protoxide of copper. These
two compounds I have never witnessed spread over the
whole of a coin, but more or less mixed with rusts of a
different kind, studding the surface in the form of little
crystalline elevations.
It is natural to enquire — is there any connexion between
the chemical composition of the incrustations of antient coins,
and their texture ; some being remarkably smooth, and as
MDCCCXXVI. I
58 Dr. Davy's observations on the changes which have
it were polished, preserving admirably the original impression
of the die ; whilst others are rough and deformed ? I am
disposed to reply in the negative, not having yet discovered
such a connexion ; excepting thus far, that the protoxide of
copper, and its submuriate, frequently appear in minute
crystalline elevations rising above the surface of the coin.
Generally, I suspect the difference of texture in question
depends on other circumstances, and very likely in different
degrees of rapidity of operation of the mineralizing cause.
It is a curious question for consideration, the manner in
which the crystalHne structure is acquired exhibited by these
incrustations ; and still more so, how crystals are formed,
especially such as were discovered on the helmet, and on the
adhering calcareous deposit. There being no reason to sup-
pose deposition from solution, are we not under the necessity
of inferring, that the mineralizing process witnessed in its
effects, depends on a slow motion and separation of the
particles of the original compound ? and, must we not con-
clude, that this motion is connected with the operation of
electrochemical powers ?* Supposing the oxides first formed
upon the bronze in a state of negative electricity, with respect
to the metal, their agency, in a long course of ages would
be to separate the least oxidable metal, the copper, in its
pure form ; and all the changes are such as may be accounted
for from agencies of the same kind, but of different intensity.
And may not similar explanations be given of other like
* The separation of the copper from the tin in the bronzes found in the ancient
cities destroyed by volcanic eruptions, must be referred to another source ; namely,
the crystallizations dependent upon degrees of heat a little below the point of fusion
of the alloy.
taken place in some antient alloys of copper. 59
phasnomena, which often seem to» occur in the mineral
kingdom ? These facts offer an obvious practical application,
both in determining the antiquity and genuineness of ancient
works of art ; for aerugo of the kind which I have described
could not be successfully imitated by any artificial processes ;
and a very slight chemical examination, or even one by the
lens, would be sufficient to expose any fraud attempted to be
practised by substituting modem imitations for ancient
works.
I am, most truly yours,
J. DAVY.
To Sir H. Davy, Bart,
Pres. R. S.
ceo 3
IV. Additional proofs of animal heat being influenced by the
nerves. By Sir Everard Home, Bart. V. P. R. S.
Read November 16, 1825.
1 HE conclusions drawn from my experiment upon the
deer's horns, published in the last volume of the Philoso-
phical Transactions, are so important, that I felt it a duty to
repeat the experiment in the ensuing season.
This I have done, and have the satisfaction to find that
the result agrees in every respect with that drawn from the
first experiment.
For the present experiment, I was furnished with a buck of
full head, seven years old, and in good condition ; the former
not having suffered from what was done in any respect
whatever.
As several disadvantages had arisen in the former experi-
ment from the horns having been bored ; they were now pre-
vented by applying a cincture of knitted worsted round that
part of the palm, the heat of which was to be ascertained,
three inches broad ; and the bulb of the thermometer was
received between this and the velvet of the horn. As soon as
the temperature was taken, the cincture was removed. All
liability to external injury was precluded, by confining the
animal in a stable.
A circumstance favourable to put the result of this experi-
ment to the severest test was, the heat of the atmosphere
being very different from that in the former season ; during
Sir EvERARD Home's additional pooofs , ^c, 61
the time of the experiment in 1824, it was 66^, in 1825, 84",
a difference of 18°.
This experiment was begun on the 12th of July, 1825, at
three o'clock. The temperature of the atmosphere was 84°,
that of both horns exactly 98 j . Immediately after Mr. Mayo
had divided the nerves, the heat of that horn was diminished
to 93 i°, and the heat of the other encreased to 99°.
The following register, showing the changes that took
place in the temperature of the horns and atmosphere, was
regularly filled up every day at three o'clock.
Day
Heat of
Heat of Horn
Heat of the
of July.
Atm.
operated on.
other Horn.
12th
84°
9Si''
99'
13th
84
93
98
14th
84
93
100
15th
85
96
99
I6th
S6
91
99i
17th
86
91
99
I8th
86
90|
98
19th
86
91
99
20th
85
91
99
21st
75
96
91
22d
76
93
93
2sd
74
93
93
After the two horns had become of the same temperature
the buck was allowed to join the herd. On the 28th of July
it was killed for the use of the table, which gave me an op-
portunity after death of examining the parts that had been
operated on. The horns had not shed their velvet, were
exactly of the same size, and equal in solidity.
^% Sir EvERARD Home's additional proof s of the
The parts where the nerves had been divided were care-
fully dissected and examined by Mr. Mayo, Mr. Caesar
Hawkins, and myself. The two cut ends of the nerves had
receded from one another, and the interval between them
was occupied by a dense newly-formed substance, which had
become a firm connecting medium, explaining satisfactorily
the restoration that had taken place in their functions. In
the former experiment this connecting medium was less
dense, and left a doubt upon my mind, which is now com-
pletely removed.
While engaged in this investigation I have had an oppor-
tunity, in the course of my professional duty as Surgeon to
Chelsea Hospital, to ascertain the effect of tying the trunk
of the artery that supplies the human thigh and leg on one
side, upon the temperature of the limb, compared with that
of the other, which remained in a natural state ; and con-
trasting this with the effect that has been stated to take place
when the nerve of one horn is divided.
As I intend to lay before the Society the detail of the
treatment of this case, of an aneurism in the external iliac
artery of the right side, which I trust will tend to the ad-
vancement of the science of Surgery on a future occasion,
I shall confine myself at present to the effect produced
upon the temperature of the limb, when the femoral artery
is obliterated immediately below Popart's ligament.
Before the artery was included in a ligature, the tempe-
rature of the foot, ascertained by a thermometer, was 93°;
that of the left, which was in a state of perfect health, 84°.
In ten minutes after the operation the heat of the foot fell to
87° ; in 30 minutes to 85, while the left foot remained at 84*.
source of animal heat being in the nerves, 63
In eight hours the heat of the left foot rose to 94**, probably
from the increased quantity of blood circulating through its
arterial branches, since next day the temperature fell to 88',
at which it continued stationary for four days ; the foot of
the aneurismal side in 24 hours fell to 84°, but on the
following day rose to 85°, and continued at or above that
temperature till the ligature came away.
Nothing can have been more satisfactorily proved than
that the heat of the parts of the body is diminished by dividing
the nerves going to them ; while, on the other hand, obstruct-
ing the arterial trunk of the thigh, even before it sends off the
great muscular branch, does not diminish the heat in the
smallest degree below the natural standard.
I have had many opportunities of ascertaining the tempe-
rature of the foot after the femoral artery has been tied in
the operation for the popliteal aneurism, and found it com-
monly one degree below that of the other foot, but the heat
of the two feet had never been ascertained before the opera-
tion, so that I was most probably deceived in the conclusion
I had drawn ; and in reality, the heat of the other foot had
been raised above the standard, instead of having been
depressed below it.
C64 3
V. The Croonian Lecture. On the structure of a muscular fibre
from which is derived its elongation and contraction. By
Sir EvERARD Home, Bart. V. P. R, S.
Read December 15, 1825.
J.N the course of the last 40 years I have given this Lecture
more frequently than any Member of the Society ; and, like
my predecessors, on those occasions, have taken up the sub-
jects most nearly connected with the inquiry for which the
Lecture was instituted.
As far back as the year 1818, while considering the mode
in which coagulated blood is rendered vascular, I brought
forward a magnified drawing of a muscular fibre made by Mr.
Bauer, showing it to be composed of a single row of globules
— ^ — parts of an inch in diameter, or in other words, of red
2,000 ^ ' '
globules deprived of their colouring matter.
From that time I had not proceeded further in investi-
gating muscular structure, but the appearance of the nervous
fibres of the great splanchnic ganglion in Mr. Bauer's mag-
nified drawings, which I laid before the Society last spring,
led me to consider that the organization of these fibres must
be so closely allied to that of muscles, that every physiologist
who examined the drawings, must immediately come to the
same conclusion ; and no sooner would those drawings be in
the hands of the public, than any one might with the greatest
Sir EvERARD Home on the structure of a muscular fibre, &c. 65
ease complete the discovery by an actual examination of
muscular fibres in the microscope.
Under this impression, I requested the President to appoint
me to give this Lecture, wrhich is to be read nearly at the
same time my paper on ganglions will be published ; so that
no one will have an earlier opportunity of applying what is
said of nerves in that communication to muscular fibres, the
consideration of which is the object of the present Lecture.
In Mr. Bauer's former examination of muscular structure,
that the integrant fibre might be more easily separated from
the fasciculus to which it belonged, we had gone into the
same error with those physiologists who have made diagrams
of the internal appearance of the brain, after coagulation,
and had boiled the muscle previous to the examination ; not
being aware that this process must decompose red globules,
should any exist, and cause the colouring matter to be sepa-
rated. Boiling would also destroy any connecting medium
by which the globules are united together ; so that, if I may
use the expression, there would only be the skeleton of a
muscular fibre remaining to be examined.
Upon the present occasion, therefore, the fibres belonging
to the fasciculi that compose the great muscle that lies upon
the back of the bullock's neck, to raise the head, were
selected, and were examined in 24 hours after the animal
was killed ; and we know that in all violent deaths, the
muscular fibres continue capable of contraction beyond that
period, after apparent death has taken place.
In this muscle the fasciculi are more loosely connected
together than in almost any other animal body ; and in the
interstices between them there is no fat ; but Mr. Bauer
MDCCCXXVI. K
66 Sir EvERARD Home on the structure of a muscular fibre
found that in this recent state the fibres are held so firmly
together by the mucus which surrounds them, and forms
them into fascicuh, that it was only under water he could
separate an integrant fibre for examination in the field of
the microscope.
In its mechanism, he found it to correspond with the
nervous fibre of a gangHon, differing only in the size of the
globules, which were larger than those of the fibre in the
ganglion in the proportion of —^ parts of an inch to — ^
and — ^— parts.
4,000 ^ ■■-
The elastic transparent jelly uniting the globules together,
had not the same elasticity as in the nervous fibre, so that
it could not be drawn out from the contracted state to double
its length without breaking.
The muscular fibre of a trout was treated in the same
way, and the result was the same ; the fibres were however
more brittle than those in the bullock's neck.
From these facts, in addition to those communicated in
the examination of the structure of ganglions, it is at last
ascertained, that the structure of the fibres of nerves in
general, and those peculiar to ganglions, as well as those that
compose muscles, is so far the same, that they consist of
single rows of globules united together by an elastic gelati-
nous transparent matter ; they differ however in the size of
the globules, and the degree of elasticity of the medium by
which they are united ; so that a less power will elongate a
nerve than the fibres of a muscle, and to a greater extent,
and it will restore itself with more velocity to a state of rest.
This structure of nerves and muscles, I consider to be
from which its elongation and contraction is derived, 67
demonstrated in the annexed drawing ; since I cannot
believe Mr. Bauer has been led into any error upon this
occasion ; as no error has been detected in his microscopical
observations for so many years continued, and the accuracy
of his representations, of what he has seen, no one can
doubt.
It is a curious confirmation of the acuteness of his eye, and
the accuracy of his glasses, that Leuwenhoek, who used a
single microscope, and says it is the best that can be made,
since the magnifying glass is the smallest speck that can be
seen, declares a muscular fibre to be made of globules less
than the red globules of the blood ; and Dr. Monro of
Edinburgh, who published his microscopical observations on
nerves and muscles, in the year 1783, made chiefly in the
solar microscope, goes so far as to consider muscular fibres
to be the continuation of nervous fibres, and gives an en-
graving of the mode in which the one terminates, or is lost
in the other. Dr. Monro, it is evident, had never seen a
single fibre either of a nerve or muscle, only fasciculi of them,
and found them so much alike as to be led to consider them
the same. Both Leuwenhoek and Monro, from the want
of a micrometer, were left to guess at relative dimension,
and in such guesses were often very unsuccessful.
The globules in the nervous fibre being smaller than in
the muscular, oversets Monro's theory of their being the
same ; but that both authors, with means so very inadequate
to those employed by Mr. Bauer, should have made such
approaches to the truth, is highly creditable to them, and
must prove highly satisfactory to Mr. Bauer, as well as to
the public.
68 Sir EvERARD Home on the structure, &c.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IL
It represents muscular fibres magnified in different
degrees.
Fig. 1. A fasciculus of fibres taken from the bullock's neck,
sufficiently dissected to show the separate fibres ; magnified
loo diameters.
Fig. 2. A portion of the same fasciculus, the fibres more
unravelled ; magnified 200 diameters.
Fig. 3. A portion of a fibre in its contracted state, con-
sisting of five blood globules, and exactly one inch in length,
taken from the bullock's neck ; magnified 400 diameters.
Fig. 4. The same length of fibre extended to its utmost,
without giving way ; magnified 400 diameters.
The calf was selected for this last purpose, the elastic
medium between the globules being less brittle in the young
than the full grown animal.
J'Ml. Trnns. tADCOCSXTl.J'laZe XLp.SS.
^^rvjStoMi <^-
CegH
VI. An account of the heat of July, 1825 ; together with some
remarks upon sensible cold. By W. Heberden, M. D.
F. R, S.
Read January 12, 1826.
A.S I think it may not improbably be deemed an object of
some curiosity to the Royal Society to collect from different
parts, an account of the very unusual heat of last July, I
presume to offer the enclosed report of observations which
I made at that time, at Datchet, in Buckinghamshire, with
every precaution that suggested itself to me, to ascertain the
real temperature of the atmosphere, uninfluenced by adven-
titious circumstances. The observations were made with a
small sensible thermometer, which had been carefully
graduated.
On Friday July 15, the wind blowing from the south-west,
the thermometer was suspended in the shade of a large
laburnum on my lawn, at a height of about five feet and a
half from the ground. This tree was chosen, as admitting
the air in some degree to pass through it, at a time when the
wind and the sun were both in the same quarter. On the
subsequent days, the wind being in the east and north-east,
the thermometer was hung, at about the same height, from
an external branch of a very thick Portugal laurel, standing
likewise upon the lawn, at a distance from any building;
where it was exposed to the full influence of the wind, and
at the same time effectually sheltered either from the actual
70 Dr, Heberden's account of the heat of July y 1825 ;
rays of the sun, or from any object heated by it. I have
been the more particular in giving this account, because it is
often difficult, especially in great, or rapid changes of tem-
perature, to get observations made with sufficient attention
to avoid the neighbourhood of buildings, or other objects,
which may considerably affect the thermometer, and give an
appearance of heat sometimes greater, sometimes less than
the truth.
■ In order to ascertain the greatest heat, the thermometer
was repeatedly examined at short intervals during the hottest
period of the day. The highest degrees indicated, under the
circumstances I have detailed, were as follows :
July 15. - - 92° wind S. W.
17. - - 90°^
18. - - 96° [wind E.
19. - - 95°^
The 16th is not set down, because, though it was a hot
day, yet being several degrees cooler than the day preceding,
it was not thought worth while to examine the thermometer
with the same attention.
There is some reason to believe that an unusual degree of
heat was felt about the same time, not only in most parts of
Europe, but also in America.
The only instance of heat, that I am aware of having been
noticed in England equal to this, was in July 1808 ; on the
13th of which month the thermometer is stated, in the
Meteorological Journal of the Royal Society, to have risen to
93 J . On the 12th it had stood at 90°, and on the 14th it
was 91° ; the wind at the same time varying from east to
together with some remarks upon sensible cold, 71
south and south-west. On the hottest of these days Mr. Ca-
vendish's thermometer at Clapham rose to 96°.
It is true that other accounts have been recorded, some in
the Transactions of this Society, of hot days, or hot seasons,
which may have equalled, or possibly surpassed this: but
till within the last sixty years, the use of the thermometer
had hardly been understood sufficiently to enable one to rely
upon the vague statements of earlier times.
- To persons who may wish to compare this with the heat
of tropical countries, it will not be thought superfluous to
add, that the late Dr. Hunter, whose accuracy is well-known
to many members of the Royal Society, has stated in his
valuable account of diseases in the West Indies, that the
range of the thermometer at the hottest part of the day, and
in the hottest season of the year, at Kingston, in Jamaica, is
from 85** to 90®. In the coldest season it is about 5° lower.
It is not the least singular circumstance attending the heat
of last July, that it should have subsided without rain, without
lightning, without any change of wind, or any obvious
cause ; the succeeding days continuing dry and fair, as those
before.
I am tempted to add to the above some other observations,
which, if they are not immediately connected, are not entirely
unconnected with this subject; for it cannot have escaped
the attention of any person moderately conversant with
natural philosophy, that the index of a thermometer is a very
imperfect measure of what I may call the sensible cold, that
is, of the degree of cold perceptible to the human body in its
ordinary exposure to the atmosphere. For while the ther-
mometer truly marks the temperature of the medium in
72 Dr. Heberden's account of the heat of July, 1825 ;
which it is placed, the sensations of the body depend aUoge-
ther upon the rapidity with which its own heat is carried off.
And this is by no means confined to the actual temperature
of the air ; but whatever alteration of quality increases its
power of conducting heat ; and, above all, whatever currents
increase the succession of its particles in contact with the
body, the same will increase the sensation of cold. Hence
it is, that in very hot weather, the same stream of air which
would heat a chamber, will nevertheless be cool to the feel-
ing ; on the other hand, when the thermometer was more
than 80° below the freezing point, Captain Parry observed,
that while the air was still, the cold was borne without in-
convenience.
It therefore occurred to me, that the proper way to esti-
mate the sensible cold, would be, first to raise a thermometer
to a height something exceeding the natural heat of the
human body, and then to observe at what rate the quicksilver
contracted upon exposure to the air. For this purpose I used
a thermometer with a very small bulb, which might show
the alteration of heat in a short time. This I held to the fire
till it rose to about 120**, and then carried it in a warm glove
into the open air. I had with me an assistant with a watch
in his hand : and as soon as the mercury had descended to
100°, he began to count the seconds, while I continued to
observe the thermometer, marking the degree of heat at the
end of every ten seconds during half a minute. The result
rather exceeded my own expectations ; and (being, as far as
I know, the only experiments of the kind, ) I have thought
the Society might not dislike to be made acquainted with
them.
together with some remarks upon sensible cold. 73
The circumstances that particularly engaged my attention
were wind, and moisture. With these views the following
experiments were made, and verified by repeated trials.
Experiment i.
1 82 1 , January 3. A strong east wind.
The temperature of the air 31°.
The thermometer in this, and all the
experiments, being previously raised
to 100°, in the manner before-men-
tioned, the descent of the mercury
from that point was observed as fol-
lows :
After 10" it was 78®. Decrement 22**
20" 60° 18°
30" 52° 8°
By the decrements, it is to be under-
stood the descent in each successive
ten seconds. This is added, because I
consider it as the proper measure of
the sensible cold, so long as the ther-
mometer retains a heat approaching to
that of the human body.
Experiment 2.
1821, Jan. 4. No perceptible wind.
The temperature of the air 30°, the
atmosphere hazy.
After 10" therm. 89® Decrement 11*
20" 800 III 9*>
30" 71° 9°
Experiment 3.
1 8a I, Feb. 10. A strong east wind.
Temperature of air 47°. The atmo-
sphere clear, with sunshine.
After 10" therm. 82° Decrement 18°
20"
30"
73°
640
Experiment 4.
1 824, Jan. 9. A cold fog. No wind.
Temperature of the air 370.
After 10" therm. 92° Decrement 8*^
20" 85° 70
30" 790 6°
The most superficial view of these experiments shows the
prodigious effect of wind to increase the rate of cooling, which,
I apprehend, constitutes sensible cold ; so that in experiment 3,
though the thermometer suspended in the open air was 17°
higher than in experiment 2, yet the sensible cold was very
considerably greater ; but when there was no wind, even a
wet fog did not much, if at all, increase it. This, which at
first sight may appear contradictory to experience is not, I
believe, really so ; for though the power of such air to carry
off the heat of the body be indeed increased, yet so long as
we remain at rest, we are in great measure unaffected by it ;
MDcccxxvr. L
74 Dr. Heberden's account of the heat of July, 1825 ; &c,
so much the effect of wind exceeds that of mere moisture.
It is by walking, or riding, in such a state of the atmosphere,
that we produce on our bodies a current of moist air, which
is then felt in proportion to the rapidity with which we pass
through it. If it were thought worth while to bring this to
the test of the thermometer, the instrument should be made
to pass through the air at the same rate as the person would
move.
i:75D
VII. On the transit instrument of the Cambridge Observatory ;
being a Supplement to a former Paper. By Robert Wood-
house, Esq. Plumian Prof essor of Astronomy in the University
of Cambridge.
Read January 19, 1826.
Jln the brief account of the transit instrument which I had
the honour some time ago of presenting to the Royal
Society, I stated the circumstance of the instrument's devia- ,
tion from the meridian arising from the unequal expansion of
its braces ; but no instance was then given of the magnitude
of such deviation. I now subjoin one.
On the morning of Oct. 15, (civil reckoning) after ob-
serving the passage of Regulus, the southern shutters were
accidentally left open, so that when I returned to observe
the inferior culmination of the pole star, the sun was shining
on the upper western brace, the object-glass of the instrument
being towards the zenith. The effect of this was a retarda-
tion of more than 25 seconds in the star's passage, as will
thus appear :
-J
Oct. 14. {
o''59"20''
Polaris.
Rate of Clock
12 69 44
Polaris S. P.
— .17
Oct. 15. 1
0 59 20
12 59 17
Polaris.
Polaris S. P.
-^
Oct. 16.
0 59 19-5
Polaris.
Reversed the >
axis.
Oct. 17.
0 59 20
Polaris.
&c.
76 Mr. WooDHousE on the transit instrument, &c.
I now view, with great suspicion, all the observations of
the sun's transits, which I observed previously to the de-
tection of that source of inequality which is the subject of
the present, and of my former communication.
C77 3
VIII. Account of a series of observations y made in the summer of
the year 1825, for the purpose of determining the difference of
meridians of the Royal Observatories of Greenwich and Paris ;
drawn up by J. F. W. Herschel, Esq. M. A. Sec. R. S,
Communicated by the Board of Longitude.
Read January is, 1826.
Operations having been carried on to a considerable extent
in France, and other countries on the continent, for the
purpose of ascertaining differences of longitude by means of
signals, simultaneously observed at different points along a
chain of stations ; and the Royal Observatory at Paris, in
particular, having been connected in this manner with a
number of the most important stations, it was considered
desirable by the French government that the Royal Observa-
tory at Greenwich should be included in the general design.
The British Board of Longitude was accordingly invited to
lend its co-operation towards carrying into effect a plan for
that purpose ; and the invitation being readily accepted on
their part, I was deputed, in conjunction with Capt. Sabine,
in the course of the last summer, to direct the practical
details of the operation on the British side of the channel, and
to make the necessary observations. Every facility was
afforded us in making our dispositions, on the part of the
different branches of His Majesty's government to which it
was found necessary to apply. A detachment of artillery
was placed, by his Grace the Duke of Wellington, Master
78 Mr, Herschel's account of a series of observations
General of the Ordnance, under the orders of Capt. Sabine.
Horses, waggons, and men, were furnished for the convey-
ance of a tent, telescopes, rockets, and other apparatus ; and
four of the chronometers belonging to the Board of Admi-
ralty were placed at our disposal. The rockets required for
making the signals were furnished us from France. It would
have been easy, doubtless, to have procured them from the
Royal Arsenal at Woolwich ; but on the representation of
Colonel Bonne, to whom the principal direction of the ope-
rations in France was intrusted, it was thought more advis-
able to accept an offer made to us of any number which
might be required, prepared at Paris expressly for similar
operations, carrying a charge of 8 ounces of powder, the in-
stantaneous explosion of which, at their greatest altitude,
was to constitute the signals to be observed.
Our previous arrangements being made, on the 7th of
July I left London; and after visiting the station pitched
upon at Wrotham, which was the same with that selected
by Capt. Kater and Major Colby, as a principal point
in their triangulation in 1822; and finding it possessed
of every requisite qualification for the purpose of making the
signals, from its commanding situation, being unque;stionably
the highest ground between Greenwich and the coast, pro-
ceeded to Fairlight Down, near Hastings, where I caused
the very convenient observatory tent, belonging to the Board
of Longitude, to be pitched immediately over the centre of
the station of 1821, which was readily found from the
effectual methods adopted by the gentlemen who conducted
the trigonometrical operations in that year, for securing this
valuable point. Here, on the 8th, I was joined by Capt.
for determining the difference of meridians, &c. 79
Sabine, who, it had been arranged, should proceed to the
first observing station on the French side of the Channel,
there to observe, in conjunction with Colonel Bonne, the
signals made on the French coast, and those made at the
station of Mont Javoult ; which latter were to be observed
immediately from the observatory at Paris ; while, on the
other hand, it was agreed that M. le Lieutenant Largeteau,
of the French corps of geographical engineers, should attend
at Fairlight, on the part of the French commission, and
observe, conjointly with myself, the signals made at La
Canche, the post on the opposite coast (elevated about 600
feet above the sea, being nearly the level of Fairlight Down)
and also those to be fired from Wrotham Hill, which were
expected to be immediately visible from a scaffold, raised for
the purpose on the roof of the Royal Observatory of Green-
wich. By this arrangement, and by immediate subsequent
communication of the observations made at each station, it
was considered that the advantage of two independent lines
of connexion, a British and a French, would be secured
between the two extreme stations; i. e. the two national
observatories ; every possibility of future misunderstanding
obviated, and all inconvenience on either side, arising from
delay, or miscarriage in the transmission of observations, be
avoided.
With the assistance of Capt. Sabine, and by the help of
exact information as to the azimuths of Wrotham and other
nearer stations in the triangulation of 1821, with which Capt.
Kater had obligingly furnished us, and of which Fairlight
Church proved the most convenient, being close at hand and
favorably situated, and easily visible in the twilight ; and
8o Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
from the previously calculated azimuth of La Canche
(114° 30' E.); four night glasses by Dollond, provided at
the order of the Board of Longitude expressly for this opera-
tion, and which I had caused to be fixed on posts firmly
driven into the ground beneath the tent, were then pointed,
two on the station of La Canche, and two on that of Wrotham
Hill. Those directed to the former were of four inches clear
aperture, the others of three. In case of any difficulty arising
as to the pointing, I had taken care to provide myself with
an excellent eight-inch repeating theodolite, on the Reich-
ENBACH construction, by Schenck, of Berne ; but it was found
unnecessary to use it, as the night glasses were purposely
constructed with an azimuthal motion, and a rough gradua-
tion read off by an adjustable vernier, so as to allow their
being set at once a few minutes before the observations com-
menced, by taking Fairlight steeple as a zero point ; a cir-
cumstance which proved exceedingly convenient, as it allowed
of their being dismounted after each night's observations,
and removed to a place of security ; and thus rendering it
unnecessary to harass our small party by keeping guard in
our absence.
On the night of the 8th I had directed blue lights to be
fired at Wrotham, as a trial of the visibility of the stations,
or rather as a verification of the pointing of the telescopes ;
for on the former point there could be no doubt, the station
at Wrotham being situated precisely on the edge of the
escarpment of the chalk which borders the Weald of Kent,
and having been actually connected with Fairlight by direct
observation, while no obstacle but a low copse wood, over
which it might fairly be presumed that no rocket would
for determining the difference of meridians ^ &c. 8 1
fail to rise, separated it from a direct view of Greenwich,
at about 20 miles distance. Either from haze in the at-
mosphere, or from the too great distance, nothing was
seen that night or the next ; which however caused no unea-
siness, as we could depend on our instruments and informa-
tion. The next morning Capt. Sabine quitted Hastings, and
joined Col. Bonne, at his post, on the morning of the 10th,
the day appointed for the commencement of the observations ;
meanwhile I was joined by M. Largeteau, who remained
with me the v/hole time of their continuance, performing
every part of a most scrupulous and exact observer, as the
observations herewith communicated will abundantly testify.
The observations were continued during 12 nights, 10
signals being made at each rocket station every night. The
weather throughout the whole of this time was magnificent,
and such as is not very likely to occur again for some years ;
a circumstance of the last importance in operations of this
nature, where lights are to be seen across nearly 50 miles of
sea, and also by reason of the verification of the sidereal
times at the observatories by transits. One night only a local
fog deprived us of the sight of 1 3 out of the 20 signals ; but
on the whole, out of 120 made at Wrotham, no less than
112 were seen from Fairlight (about 40 miles) and 89 from
Greenwich ; while out of the same number made at La
Canche, qs were observed at the former post. I am sorry to
add, however, that owing to a combination of untoward cir-
cumstances, which no foresight or exertion on the part of
Capt. Sabine or myself could possibly have led us to calcu-
late on, or enabled us to prevent, and which the most zealous
endeavours on that of Col. Bonne failed to remedy, no
MDCCCXXVI. M
\
8d Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
less than eight out of the twelve nights' observations were
totally lost, as to any result they might have afforded, and
the remainder materially crippled ; so that a much more
moderate estimate of the value of our final result must be
formed, than would otherwise have been justified. Still it is
satisfactory to be able to add, (such is the excellence of the
method) that a result on which considerable reliance can be
placed, may be derived from the assemblage of the observa-
tions of these four nights ; and when it is stated that this"
result appears not very likely to be a tenth of a second in
error, and extremely unlikely to prove erroneous to twice
that amount, it will perhaps be allowed that, under such cir-
cumstances, more could hardly be expected.
for determining the difference of meridians, &c.
S8
I. Observations made at the Royal Observatory at Paris.
Station de I'Observatoire Royal. Feux de Mont-Javoult.
J
s«
Apparition
des Signans.
Noms
Avance
as
des
Observateurs.
Pendule
sur le tems
Sideral.
3
—>
Observes en tems
de la Pendule.
En tems Sideral.
Remarques.
A*
B
«
7
iS"* 15' 52".©
52.2
52.0
IS'' i5'4o''.3
40.5
40-3
Mathieu
Savary
Nicollet
brillant eleve.
8
26 17.5
26 5.8
Mathieu
-
excessiyement faible : observation douteuse ,
i8
9
35 52.9
53-1
52.5
35 41.2
41.4
40.8
Mathieu
Savary
Nicollet
ii".7
tres brillant, assez eleve.
10
45 56.0
55-9
45 44-3
44.2
Mathieu
Savary
-
faible, peu eleve.
55.6
53-9 1
Nicollet
t So in the original. (H.)
S
I
17 19 49.8
49.8
17 19 37.0
37-0
Mathieu
Savary
- -
brillant.
2
29 42.4
29 29.6
Mathieu
-
faible, eleve.
5
59 44.4
44.6
59 31-6
31.8
Mathieu
Savary
~ ~
assez brillant, peu ^leve.
»9
6
18 9 58.1
58,1
18 9 45.3
45-3
Mathieu
Savary
12.8
assez brillant, peu eleve.
8
29 54-3
54-4
29 41.5
41.6
Mathieu
Savary
~
peu brillant.
9
40 5.5
5.1
39 527
52-3
Mathieu
Savary
~ ~
brillant, tres eleve.
10
49 56-3
56.1
49 43-5
43.3
Mathieu
Savary
~ "
brillant, tres elev6.
s
2
17 33 507
»7 33 36.5
Mathieu
-
>
tres faible, observation tres douteuse.
3
43 45-5
45-5
43 31-3
3»-3
Mathieu
Savary
brillant, assez eleve.
4
53 49-8
53 35.6
Mathieu
-
tres faible, bas.
5
18 3 46.7
46.8
18 3 32.5
32.6
Mathieu
Savary
~
tres brillant, tres clev^.
20
6
13 48.6
48.1
'3 34-4
33-9
Mathieu
Savary
14.2
assez brillant.
7
23 49-9
49-7
23 35-7
35'5
Mathieu
Savary
~ "
peu brillant, assez ^leve.
8
33 53-3
53-6
33 39-1
39-4
Mathieu
Savary
-
peu brillant, assez eleve.
9
43 56.3
56.4
43 42.1
42.2
Mathieu
Savary
-
brillant, tres eleve.
10
53 54.2
54.6
53 40-0
40.4
Mathieu
Savary
brillant, tres eleve.
• La colonne (A) renferme les nombres qui ont ete trouves par les observations des feux. La colonne
(B) renferme les nombres de la colonne (A) corriges de I'avance de la pendule. Les nombres de la colonne
(B) sont ceux qui doivent etre compare au tems sideral absolu de Greenwich.
84
Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
Observations made at the Royal Observatory at Paris.
Station de I'Observatoire Royal. Feux de Mont-Javoult.
J
£g
Apparition (
les Signaiix.
Noms
Avance
des
Pendule
sur le terns
Remarques.
•^s
s
1— i 5Q
Observes en terns
de la Pendule.
En terns Sideral.
Observateurs.
Sideral.
A
B
%
I
17^27' 43."2
43-5
i7h27'26."8
27.1
Mathieu
Savary
-
peu brillant, peu elevd.
2
i7 39-5:
37 23-1:
Mathieu
-
brillant, tres eleve, j'ai viTune trainee lumineuse
de 37" a 40" j'estime le grand eclat vers 39".S.
3
47 48-3
48.7
47 31-9
32.3
Mathieu
Savary
-
assez brillant, tres eleve.
4
57 42-3
57 25.9
Mathieu
.
faible, peu eleve.
59.6
43-2
Savary
.
autre feu brillant et tres elevd.
5
18 7 375
18 7 21. 1
Savary
-
tres faible, bas.
21
7 57.3
57-4
7 40-9
41.0
Mathieu
Savary
i6".4
autre feu assez brillant et eleve.
6
17 41-3
17 24.9
Savary
-
faible et peu eleve.
17 46.8
»7 30-4
Mathieu
. -
autre feu assez brillant, eleve.
46.6
30.2
Savary
7
27 46.5
27 30-1
Mathieu
-
assez brilliant et eleve, explosion non instantanee.
46.4
30.0
Savary
8
37 51.6
37 35-2
Savary
« •
faible et bas.
37 57-2
37 40-8
Mathieu
.
tres brillant et tres eleve.
S7''^
40.7
Savary
lO
57 S^'7
57 40-3
Savary
.
premier feu, assez brillant, mais bas.
58 0.3
57 43.9
Mathieu
- -
autre feu, tres brillant, assez eleve.
?
I
17 31 29.9
29.6
17 31 12.3
12.0
Mathieu
Savary
- -
tres brillant, tres eleve.
2
41 29.3
29-3
41 11.7
11.7
Mathieu
Savary
*
assez brillant, peu eleve.
3
51 36.2
51 18.6
Mathieu
-
assez brillant et eleve.
36.4
18.8
Savary
•"i-j
4
18 I 33.3
18 I 15.7
Mathieu
-
assez brillant et eleve.
22
33-2
15.6
Savary
17.6
5
" 39-4
39-2
11 21.8
21.6
Mathieu
Savary
"
tres brillant et assez elev6.
6
22 1.3
I.I
21 43-7
43-5
Mathieu
Savary
*
assez brillant et eleve.
7
31 49-3
49-5
31 3»-7
319
Mathieu
Savary
"
assez brillant et assez eleve.
9
S» 47-5
47-3
51 29.9
29.7
Mathieu
Savary
assez brillant et assez eleve.
On a observe les signaux de feu donnes a Mont-Javoult pres de Gisors dans un petit cabinet situe dans
comparais, a I'aiae d'un chronometre, la pendule a celle qui
Ces comparaisons m'ont donne pour chaque jour I'avance de la pendule des feux sur celle de la lunette
meridienne et par suite sur le tems sideral. Je me suis attache a regler la pendule, qui est pres de la
lunette mferidienne par les passages durant le jour des sept ^toiles suivantes : Aldebaran, La Chevre, Rigel,
a Orion, Arcturus, « Couronne, a Serpent. J'ai observe 5^ de ces etoiles le 18, 3 le 19, 7 le 20, 4 le 21, et
5 le 22. J'ai calcule leurs positions apparentes d'apres les positions moyennts et les corrections in Right
Ascension donnees par Mr. South.
L. MATHIEU.
for determining the differe7ice of meridians, &c.
85
II. Captain Sabine's observations at Lignieres.
Chronometer of Motel, No. 39.
servations du 18 Juillet, huitieme jour.
Ob
Observations du 19 Juillet, le neuvieme jour.
Apparition des Signaux,
en terns de la montre.
Apparition des Signaux,
en terns de la montre.
Remarques.
Remarques.
i I'Orient.
i I'Occident.
f
i I'Orient.
i I'Occident.
I
b. niin. sec.
h. min. sec.
I
h. min. sec.
li. min. sec.
2
2
9 39 30-4
fa.
du.
3
4
5
6
9 49 33*4
9-59 34.0
10 09 37,2
10 19 33,6
9 54 52,
non vu.
10 14 54,du
non vu.
Signal de La Canche
[faible.
Signal de La Canche
[tres faible.
3
4
5
6
10 09 39,6
9 44
10 14
50
50^4
7
10 29 34,4
id.
7
-
10 34
49,6
8
non vu.
id.
8
9
10 49 328
id.
9
10 49 41,2
10 54
53,6
10
10 59 33.6
id.
10
10 59 30,0
II 05
01,4
Le Colonel Bonne a Mont-Javoult, moi seul.
Les signaux de Mont-Javoult bien vus, except^ le
7"'e qui etait faible.
•
Observations du 20 Juillet, le dixieme jour.
Apparition des Signaux,
en tems de la montre.
A
Remarques.
r
i I'Orient.
1
^ I'Occident.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
h. min. sec.
9 49 39'6
10 09 27'6
10 29 27*2
10 49 30-5
li. min. sec.
10 54 47-6
faible.
Observations du 21 Juillet, le onzieme jour.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Apparition des Signaux,
en tems de la montre.
r- ' ,
i I'Orient.
b. |min. sec.
9 39 24-8
9 49 32-8
10 09 38-4
10 19 26*4
10 39 33-2
10 59 33-2
i I'Occident.
b. min. sec.
9 34 50-8
9 54 50-4
10 04 53*2
10 14 51.2
10 34 49-6
10 44 59-4
11 04 52,0
Remarques.
Le 6'ne signal de
Mont-Javoult
rasant rhorizon.
86
Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
Captain Sabine's observations of signals seen from Lignieres.
/-M I.:.
_ J.. T..
ti-i
yjubcivmiuiis uu zz juiiici.>
12""* jour.
Apparition des Signaux,
eu tems de la montre.
Remanjues.
•
a I'Orient.
4 roccident.
I
h. miu. sec.
9 29 1 8*6
h. min. sec.
9 34 55'6
2
-
9 44 50*8
3
9 49 22,0
9 54 53-6
4
9 59 i7>2
10 04 53,2
5
6
10 09 22,:
10 19 41 ',6
10 15 08,8
10 24 48,4
7
10 29 28,6
lo 34 58,8
8
!
10 44 57,6
9
Eclair.
10 54 48,0
lO
Eclair.
II 04 48,8
III. Colonel Bonne's observations of signals seen from Lignieres.
Chronometer Motel, No. 39.
Observations du 19 Juillet, le neuvieme jour.
Apparition des Signaux,
ea tems de la montre.
Remarques.
1
i I'Orient.
i I'Occident.
I
h. min. sec.
h. min. sec.
2
-
9 44 49*4
3
-
9 54 49'*
4
5.
I?: 09 39*4
10 14 50,4
6
7
^
10 34 49-8
8
9
10 49 41,0
10, 54 53,2
10
10 59 30,8
11 05 01,0
Observations du 20 Juillet, le dixieme jour.
Apparition des Signaux,
en tems de la montre.
Remarques.
1
4 rorient.
i I'Occident.
I
h. min. sec.
h. min. sec.
2
3
9 49 29>6
4
5
10 09 28,0
6
7
8
9
10 49 31,2
10
for determining the difference of meridians , ^c.
Colonel Bonne's observations of signals seen from Lignieres.
87
Observations du 21 Juillet, le 11"= jour.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Apparition des Signaux,
en terns de la montre.
i I'Orient.
h. min. sec.
9 39 24>6
9 49 32>6
10 09 38,8
10 59 33*4
i I'Occident.
Remarqnes.
h. min. sec.
9 34 50,8
JO 04 53,0
10 34 49,6
10 44 59,4
11 04 51,6
Observations du 2i Juillet, le 12"* jour.
Apparition des Signanx,
en terns de la moutre.
>s
Remarqnes.
1
A I'Orient.
1
i. I'Occident.
h. min. sec.
h. min. sec.
I
9 29 16,4
9 34 55'4
3
9 49 2i>8
9 54 53>4
4
5
9 59 I7'0
10 09 21,4
10 04 53,
10 15 08,4
6
10 19 41,8
10 24 48,2
7
10 29 28,2
10 34 58,6
8
-
10 44 57,4
9
10 49 23,
10 54 47,4
10
10 59 25,8 II 04 48,8
IV. Observations of the signals at the Fairlight Station, by Mr. Herschel.
By Baker's Chronometer, No. 744. Going M. T. beating half seconds.
First Day's Observations, July 11, 1825.
No.
I
10
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
9 41 7*6
9 51 3-5
9 56 23-2
10 r 4*8
10 5 59-2
10 II 3'o
10 21 4*4
«o 31 47
10 36 15-8
9 41 6-3
10 46 I2'4
10 51 3'3
II I 8*2
Remarks.
Seen, but the time not seized cor-
[rectly.
The train began at 9^4i'"2*. •
Train began at 9'' 20" 59*'5.
Seen by the gunners with naked eye
Very good.
Faint and indistinct. Seen by the
Precise. [gunners.
Train began at 59*.o.
Train began at 58'*5.
Very faint. Not seen by the men.
Seen by the men.
Second Day's Observations, July 12, 1825.
No.
I
10
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
9 26
9 36
9 36
9 4»
24-5
7-3
23-3
7'5
9 56
ID I
10 6
10 II
10 16
10 21
10 26
ID 31
10 36
10 41
10 46
10 51
10 56
11 I
17-8
8-8
317
9-2
23*6
lO-Q
22 5
8-0
21-9
8-1
i6-5
5 '4
16-4
6-6
■ Remarks.
Not the true explosion according
[to M. Largeteau
Very bright and sharp.
Lost by looking the wrong way.
Distinct.
Sharp and bright.
Extremely faint. Do\}l)tful.
Bright.
Distinct.
Bright.
Seen by Mr. Gilbert with naked
Bright. [eye.
Train began at i*.
? 1 5 '.5. The decimal correct.
Train began at o'.5.
Very bright. Train seen 4 or 5'.
Train began at o'.5.
88
No.
I
9
lo
Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
Mr. Herschel's observations of the signals seen from Fairlight.
Third Day, July 13, 1825.
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
9 31 6-o:
9 51 iz'5
9 56 27*6
10 6 28-5
10 II 16-5
lo 16 i8-i
10 21 14*1
Remarks.
A thick sea-fog suddenly came
on 2" before the time, though
perfectly clear till then.
A mere suspicion. Fog thicker,
Fog.
Fog.
Very faint, but distinct. Fog clear-
Distinct, [ing
Object-glasses examined. All co-
vered with moisture from the fog,
Well observed. Train seen.
Perfectly well seen.
Well seen ; but the glass dim, and
the fog coming on again.
Fog suddenly came on again, and
is surprisingly dense, so as
scarcely to allow the Mill to be
seen ; yet the stars are clear to
within 10 degrees of the ho-
rizon.
Fog.
Fog.
Fog.
Fog.
No.
I
Fourth Day, July 14, 1825.
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
26
31
36
4»
46
I
6
II
16
10 21
10 26
10 31
10 36
10 41
227
151
15-3
i6'4
28-1
15-2
17-4
15-4
ai-5
196
24-5
i8-8
25-0
15-2
17-5
i8-5
10 46 27-8
10 51 i6-6
La Canche 10 56 197
Wrotham 11 i 17-8
Remarks.
Very distinct ; train seen.
A pretty strong breeze.
Train perfectly well seen.
Train seen.
Train seen, Wind increasing.
? 23^.5 — am almost sure 2^"'^ is
the right.
Exploded irregularly at half its
height.
Train not seen. N. B. A star in
the field of the glass.
First a bright spark; then the
train ; then long after, a feeble
explosion at 27'. 8. The first
flash was brighter than the ex-
plosion.
Train feebly seen.
Fifth Day, July 15, 1825.
No.
I
2
10
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
V
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
h. m. s.
9 26 30-4
9 31 22-3
9 36 23-4
9 41 2y2
9 46 24*2
9 56 25*2
ID I i8-o::
10 6 23*5
10 II 23-4
10 16 i8-i
10 16 25-2
10 21 22'0
10 26 22"5
10 31 25-9
10 36 25-3
10 41 23-3
10 46 25*4
10 51 23-4
10 56 21-5
Remarks.
The first flash seen at 19'. 4 on
lighting the rocket. The flash
at 3o"-4 very bright.
Fainter than the i st flash of No. i .
A slight flash at lighting. The
rocket did not rise.
A flash at i6'-3 low down. The
flash at 24*'2 higher, and to the
right of the former. (The teles-
cope inverts. N. B.)
Faint, but very distinct.
r Signal regular and distinct, but
I observation uncertain from a
I violent noise in the adjoining
L field. ^
Sharp and good, but low.
Feeble and high, to the right of
the former.
{Certainly 'o, but the second un-
certain, from a violent noise
which drowned the beat of
the watch.
{Noise continued, and the ob-
servations uncertain on ac-
count of it.
Single explosion ; well observed.
Well observed.
Single explosion ; extremely f.
Well observed.
The train seen. No explosion.
The signal not repeated.
Sixth Day, July 16, 1825.
No.
I
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
h. m. s.
9 26 26'3
9 3' 3»-4
9 36 i9*»
24-3
9 41 30*0
9 46 38-0
9 51 26'I
10 I 31*6
10 21
10 26
lo 31
10 36
ID 41
io 46
ID 51
10 56
11 I
30-8
32*2
327
21-5
291
27*2
35-9
i8-2
299
296
297
Remarks.
Extremely faint.
The decimal correct, the second
possibly erroneous from noise.
Small bright spark.
Broad feeble flash, higher, and to
the apparent right
Exact on the beat.
Single bright flash.
Explosion distinct but unex
pected, as it happened before
the rocket reached its greatest
elevation.
Regular, and well observed.
Regular, and well observed.
Bright single flash.
Excessively faint.
Extremely faint.
Very bright.
Very bright. Observed with M.
Largeteau's glass ; a doubt
having arisen as to its correct
pointing, he having seen none of
the La Canche signals this even-
ing-
for determining the difference of meridians, &c.
Mr. Herschel's observations of the signals seen from Fairlight.
S9
Seventh Day, July 17, 1825.
La Canche
h. m. 8.
9 26 20-6
Wrotham
9 3» 36-3
La Canche
9 36 20'5
Wrotham
9 41 35'9
La Canche
9 46 27-0
Wrotham
9 51 37-2
La Canche
9 56 28*0
Wrotham
10 1 37-6
La Canche
10 6 28*2
Wrotham
10 II 35*7
La Canche
10 16 29-5
Wrotham
10 21 38-9
La Canche
10 26 27-8
Wrotham
10 31 41-0
La Canche
10 36 24-5
Wrotham
10 41 41-1
La Canche
10 46 38-5
Wrotham
10 51 317
La Canche
10 56 302
Wrotham
II I 38-7
Remarks.
Excessively faint but instantane
[ous.
: : A mere suspicion.
Well observed.
Telescope put in focus by a *.
Extr. faint, like a * of 10 m.
Exactly observed.
Very distinct ; perfectly well ob-
[served
: : A pretty strong suspicion.
The second doubtful, owing to
the lateness of the explosion.
: : : A faint suspicion.
Ninth Day, July 19, 1825.
No.
b. m. s.
Remarks.
I
La Canche
9 26 31-3
or 3 4' 3, certainly one or the other.
Wrotham
9 31 51-5
Very brilliant.
La Canche
9 36 33 0
Very bright ; well observed.
Wrotham
9 42 0-5
Remained extremely long in the
air, & mounted to a vast height.
La Canche
9 46 338
3
Wrotham
9 5^ 53*8
La Canche
9 56 29-1
4
Wrotham
10 1 56-4
La Canche
Missed by looking into the wrong
5
telescope by mistake.
Wrotham
10 II 51*1
Burst without rising.
La Canche
10 16 32-2
Train seen before the flash.
6
TTwo rockets fired. The first
Wrotham
10 22 2*5
< burst, the second observed as
( here set down.
La Canche
10 26 337
Train seen as well as flash.
7
Wrotham
10 32 248
La Canche
10 36 35'o
Extremely faint; the train as
g
bright as the flash.
Wrotham
10 41 597
Very bright.
La Canche
10 46 37-6
Train seen.
9
Wrotham
10 51 59-8
Mounted to an immense height.
La Canche
10 56 29*5
The first flash at lighting ob-
served; a second flash a long
while after, seen, but time not
taken.
Wrotham
11 I 51*0
First flash, rocket burst.
2 3-5
Second rocket, rose regularly.
No.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Eighth Day, July 18, 1825.
No.
b. m. tec.
La Canche
Wrotham
Remarks.
I
9 31 4>'9
Good.
La Canche
9 36 30'9
Good.
Wrotham
9 41 46*0
Good.
3
La Canche
9 46 297
Good.
Wrotham
9 5» 49-5
Good. ^
La Canche
9 56 328 Good.
4
Wrotham
10 I 50-3 Good.
La Canche
10 631-4 Good.
S
Wrotham
10 II 486
Good. Uncommonly bright.
6
La Canche
10 16 32*3
Good.
Wrotham
10 21 47-0
Good.
7
La Canche
10 26 23*4
Unexpected ; possibly i* wrong.
Wrotham
10 31 42*8
Good.
La Canche
Wrotham
8
10 41 47*2
La Canche
10 4& 27*0
: : 111 observed.
9
Wrotham
10 51 431
10
La Canche
ic 56 24*9
Perfectly well observed.
Wrotham
II I 420
Tenth Day, July 20, 1825.
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canehe
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
9 3' 43'3^^
9 36 36-2
9 41 58-0
9 4^ 37-9
9 51 56-0
10 I 567
10 6 44*1
10 1 1 57-9
Remarks.
Single flash.
Single p. bright flash.
Single flash ; train not seen.
10 22 4*4
10 31 58-1
10 41 58-0
10 51 58-0
II 1 58-5
!
A second fired, but both were
bad signals. Observation of
little value.
Large flash ; some seconds after
a small faint one.
MDCCCXXVI.
N
90
No.
I
2
3
4
5
6
Afr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
Mr. Herscuel' spb^ervations. of the signals seen at Fairlight.
Eleventh Day, July 21, 1825.
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
9 36
9 42
9 46
9 52
9 56
10 2
10 6
10 12
10 16
10 22
10 26
10 —
32
10 36
10 42
10 46
10 52
10 56
1 1 2
36-1
I 77
39-0
2-5
3-0
3-5
41-5
27
8-0
39-8
i-o
8-9
377
8-8
28-3
8-4
47*9
1*1
2*0
41-9
2-5
22'0
41-1
I'O
Remarks.
A most favourable night, and
transparent atmosphere.
Three rockets fired, but all burst,
and none could be observed.
Good. The rocket rose regularly.
Excellent.
/Three rockets fired in close
4 succession, all burst.
or I
' > Both burst without rising,
Twelfth Day, July 22, 1825.
7 Both well observed, but both
I burst without rising.
Excessively feeble, but certain.
[ Both burst without rising.
Two fired; the first missed;
both burst.
Very good; train seen; the rocket
remained very long in the air.
I Both burst.
> Both burst.
One only, which burst ; being the
19th out of 20 fired to night. ,
No.
I
2
3
4
5
6
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
26 35-5
32 9*o
36 39'^
42 7-0
46 42-5
52 8-6
56 42-5
2 101
6 58-0
12 07
10 26 48-2
10 32 3-0
8-9
10 26 48-2
47-c
58-8
:o 36{+7-°
10 42-! 7-2
10 46 36-9
( 2*0
'° 52 I 87
11 2 2*8
Remarks.
Very bright and fine.
Regular and good.
Train well seen.
Regular and well observed.
Train seen. Rose to a vast height
Regular and well observed.
Very good.
Perfect observation.
Very exact.
Burst without rising.
Two fired ; both burst.
Both burst.
Rose regularly, but rather a
doubtful observation.
All three burst.
Single. Train seen. '
Both burst.
:: Doubtful.
Burst.
V. Copie des Observations a Fairlight Down par C. L. Largeteau.
1825. (Baker's Chronometer, N**. 744.)
1 2 Juillet.
No.
h. m. sec.
Remarks.
I
La Canche
9 36 229
Wrotham
T.a CanrVip
9 41 7-9
3
Wrotham
La Canche
9 51 7'o
9 56 17-8
4
Wrotham
La Canche
10 I 8-6
10 6 317
5
Wrotham
10 II 9-4
6
La Canche
10 16 23-8
Wrotham
10 21 lO'O
La Canche
10 26 22-5
7
Wrotham
10 31 79
8
La Canche
ID 36 21-9
Wrotham
10 41 83
La Canche
10 46 165
9
Wrotham
La Canche
10 51 5'i
10 56 15-9
Wrotham
il I 117
il faut peut etre ii**
I"" 6.7s
1 3 Juillet.
No.
I
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
b. tn. 8.
9 56 27-3
10 6 28*5
10 II 14*6
10 16 17-9
10 21 14-0
Remarks.
for detennining the difference of meridians y ^c.
M. Largeteau's Observations at Fairlight continued.
91
No.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
lo
14 Juillet.
La Canche
Wroth am
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
h. m.
8.
9 26
227
9 31
15-3
9 41
i6-6
9 46
280
9 5'
15-0
9 5^
17-4
10 1
19-4
10 6
21-8
10 II
19.5
10 16
23.6
10 21
18-9
10 26
25-0
10 31
15-3
10 41
i8-5
10 46
27-8
10 51
16-4
10 56
20-0
II I
17-9
Remarques.
15 Juillet.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
9 3» 224
9 4» 23'o
9 46 24-8
ic II 23*4
10 21 22-5
lo 31 25-4
10 36 25.3
10 41 23-3
10 46 25*3
10 51 23*2
Remarques.
I
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
10
16 Juillet.
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
b. HI.
s.
1
9 31
3»-3
9 41
29-9
9 51
25-8
10 I
31*5
10 II
307
10 21
32*6
10 31
28-9
10 41
3S'3
10 51
10 56
11 I
30-0
297
29.8
Remarques.
17 Juillet.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Cancbe
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
b.
m.
a.
9
26
20-8
9
31
36-0
9
36
20*3
9
41
35*9
9
51
37-0
9
56
277
10
I
37-4
10
6
27-9
10
II
3S-6
10
21
38-8
10
26
277
10
3>
407
10
36
248
10
4»
40-8
10
46 38-5 1
10
SI
32-0
II
1
38-4
Remarques.
Faible.
Faible.
Faible.
Faible.
92
Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
M. Largeteau's Observations at Fairlight continued.
1 8 Juillet.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
lO
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
h-
m.
e.
1
9
36
3ro
9
41
46-4
9
46
29-8
9
5»
497
9
5t>
32-5
10
16
32-2
lO
21
46-8
lO
26
24-5
lO
31
42-5
lO
4'
47 '2
lO
46
30-3
lo
51
43 -o
lO
56
25-0
II
I
42-4
Remarques.
Faible.
Faible, Observation
douteuse
Observation douteuse
Observation douteuse
19 Juillet.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
31
36
42
46
51
I
50-5
33.2
o'4
33-5
53-5
288
56-6
Remarques.
Observation douteuse
10 II 50*5
10 16 32*5
10 22 2-4
10 26 337
10 32 247
10 36 35-1
10 41
46
10
10 51
59-9
37'5
59-4
II 2 3-3
Observation douteuse
ou 14.7.
Extremement faible.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20 Juillet.
9 31 43-5
9 41 58-2
9 51 56-4
10 1 56-5
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham 10 31 577
La Canche
Wrotham 10 41 58*3
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
10 II 57-5
10 22 4*5
10 51 57 9
Remarques,
incertajne.
incertaine.
No.
I
3
4
5
6
7
10
21 Juillet.
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
La Canche
Wrotham
9 36 36*0
9 42 7"6
9 46 389
6 39-8
12 o*4
26 38-2
32 1-9
8^
36 47'9
42 0-9
10 46 41-8
10 52 2-3
21-5
ri
Remarques.
Faible.
i'^'"^ Explosion.
2e
i^'^* Explosion.
I'""* Explosion.
2e
i*""^ Explosion
2*
for determining the difference of meridians, &e. 93
M. Largeteau's observations at Fairlight continued.
22 Juillet.
No.
b. m.
8.
Remarques.
La Canche
9 26
35-3
Wrotham
9 32
8-9
La Canche
9 36
39-8
Wrotham
9 42
6-9
La Canche
9 46
42-4
3
Wrotham
La Canche
9 52
«-5
4
Wrotham
10 2
97
La Canche
10 6
V7
5
Wrotham
10 12
07
Douteuse
La Canche
10 16
377
6
r
1-8
i«'* Explosion 1
Wrotham
10 22<
8-0
2^ lobs, incertaine.
3" J
La Canche
10 26
47 9
7
Wrotham
10 32 1
27
9-1
I- Explosion |p^^.^^^^^^^
8
La Canche
10 36
(;9-o
Douteuse,
Wrotham
La Canche
10 46
^7*4
9
Wrotham
La Canche
10 56
37-8
Tres douteuse.
Wrotham
II 2
27
VI. Observations made at the top of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, on the
rockets at PFrotham.
July 11, 1825. The blue light and all the rockets were this evening distinctly seen
by the naked eye. The observations were made with telescopes, by three observers,
with the same chronometer. The chronometer was compared with the transit clock
both before and after observation. The blue light appeared about 9^ 21°* 25'.
Rockets.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
App* Time I.
9^310.54.48
9 41 4925
9 SI 4575
10 I 47.5
10 21 46.75
10 31 46.8
10 51 45.8
11 I 50.4
- IL
54.3'
49.4
46.2
47.8
45.8
47-1
47.2
490
46.3
50.5
- III.
- - 54.28
- - 49-2
- - 45-8
- - 47-4
- - 45-4
Absent.
- - 47-3
- - 48.4
- - 46.2
- - 50.6
Mean*
54-30*
49.28
45.92
47.56
45.60
46.92
47.10
48.70
46 10
50.50
Chronometer
Clock.
Comparison before - -
gh ^^.m
16'' 12"" 22».o6
after - -
II 14
18 31 44.67
*» Mean Error and Rate of Sidereal Clock.
Mean of transits of 5 * ' I Corresponding mean error. Rate.
i6'» 24m I 48.36' — 0.02
Chronometer fast i" 17.97*.
The loss of the fifth observation in column I , was occasioned by some accidental derangement of the
telescope. The loss of the eighth was occasioned by the rocket passing through the field of view before
explosion. Observations 9 and jo, in column i, were made with the naked eye.
• In taking the mean of the three observations, those marked (: : ) doubtful, are not considered.
*• The transit observations employed throughout are reduced by the same system of corrections,
and mean right ascensions, as those used at the observatory of Paris for that purpose ; so that no error
in the results, from a difference of catalogues or corrections, is introduced.
94 . Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
July 12. All the signals, the blue light excepted, were this
evening visible to the naked eye ; the blue light could not
be seen at all :* the times of the explosions w^ere this even-
ing all observed with telescopes.
Rockets.
App* Time. I
II.
Mean.
: I
2
3
4
5
: 6
7
8
9
lO
9631 50'
41 50.75
51 50.0
10 1 51.5
II 51.8
21 53.0
31 51.0
41 51.2
51 48.0
11 I 49.8
9»'3i'"49.8»
41 50.6
51 50.0
10 I 51.S
II 52.2
21 52.8
31 51.0
41 51-3
51 48.0
11 I 49.7
o
o
a
bo
G
49.90"
50.67
50.00
51.50
52.00
52.90
51.00
51.25
48.C0
4975
Chronometer.
Comparison before
After
9" 11°
II 12
Clock.
16* 32" 19.94'
»8 33 39'8o
Mean Error and Rate of Transit Clock.
Mean of 5 • ' I Corresponding error. I Rate.
16" 24"" I 48.27* I —0.08
From mean comparison on nth, to ditto on 12th, chronometer gained 1.02'.
Chronometer fast i" 18.99'.
Rockets I and 6 exploded twice, at an interval of about three seconds. The
first explosion, in each case, was the one observed ; the second, not being expected,
was lost.
• None was fired. (H.)
for determining the difference of meridians , &c. 95
July 13th. All the signals were visible to the naked eye.
Rockets.
App' Time I.
II.
III.
Mean.
I
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
10
9" 31-55.8'
9 51 55-75
10 I 55.0
II 57.4
21 57.2
31 56.6
41 56.0
51 55.8
9^31- 55.6 »
51 56.0
10 I 55.2
" 57-3
21 57.0
31 56.6
41 56.0
51 55.6
11 I 56.2
55.6'
55.2
S4.8
57.6
57.0
56.5
5S.8
55.3
56.2
55.67.
55-87
55.0
57-43
57-07
56-57
55-93
55-57
56.2
Comparison. Before -
After -
Chronometer.
9'' 16"
II 13
16'' 41" 16.63'
18 38 35-75
Mean Error and Rate of Sidereal Clock.
Mean of 6 * »
16'' 40"
Mean error corresponding.
48-39'
Mean rate.
+ 0.14
Comparison 12th to ditto 13th. Chronometer, + 0.87.
Chronometer fast 1° 19.86*.
The 2d rocket was lost by all the observers : it did not appear till some seconds
after the time specified; and when it did appear it exploded immediately. It
exploded about 9'' 42" 22*.
The loth rocket in column I. was lost by a derangement of the telescope.
The third observation, column III. is doubtful to half a second.
96 Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
July 14.
Rockets.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
ID
App* Time I.
9" 31'
42
51
10 I
12
22
31
42
52
2
II
>59.o»
0.7
59.0
58.8
3-4
3-2
59-4
2.4
0.3
1.8
II.
59.2"
0.4
59.0
59-4
3-3
31
59.2
2-3
0.5
2.0
III.
Mean.
59.10-
0.55
59.00
59.40
3-35
3-15
59-30
2.35
0.5
1.9
Comparison of Chronometer and Clock.
Chronometer
Before
After
II"
15
Clock.
i6'»40"' 11.87'
18 44 32.13
Mean Error, and Rate of Sidereal Clock.
Mean of 7 * ' Mean error corresponding.
i6»'2i'» 48.25'
Mean rate.
— 0.16
Comparison 13th to ditto 14th + 0.38.
Chronometer fast i" 20.24".
July 15th. The third, fourth, and last rockets disappeared
without any explosion. In the third column something like
an explosion was noted at the beginning of the ascent of the
third rocket, but no dependance can be placed on it.
Rockets.
App* Time. I.
II.
- III.
Mean.
I
2
3
4
1
7
8
9
10
9>»32'" 8.68
42 8.8
- - 8.5.
- - 8.4s
8.5'
8.93
9.20
8.03
II. 2
9-23
9.07
- - 9.0
- - 9-0
::lo 2 3.0
- - 9.2
- - 8.0
10 12 9.4
22 8.1
32 10.9
42 9-3
52 9.2
- - 9.0
- - 8.0
- - II. 2
- - 9.2 -
- - 9.0
- - 11.5
- - 9.2
- - 9.0
Comparison of Chronometer and Clock.
Chronometer.
Before
After
91*24"
II 10
Clock.
i6'>5^'° 9.80'
18 43 27.04
Mean of 6 • "
iGh o
Mean Error, and Rate of Sidereal Clock.
Mean error corresponding.
47.92-
Mean rate.
— 0.30
Comparison 14th to ditto 15th + 0.47
Chronometer fast i" 20.71s.
for determining the difference of meridia?is, &c, 97
July 16. The third rocket disappeared without explosion.
ckets.
App*Time. I.
I
9'»32°'i7.os
2
3
4
42 15.6
10 2 16.8
5
12 16.4
6
22 18.0
7
32 14.9
8
42 21.0
9
52 15.8
10
II 2 15.2
II.
III.
Mean.
16.9s
15.6
17.2
16.3
17.9
14.8
21.0
15.2
15.1
16.98
i6.93«
15.4
15-53
17.1
17.03
I6.S
16.40
18.3
18.07
I5.I
14-93
21.0
21.0
15.4
»5.47
155
15.27
Comparison of Chronometer and Clock.
--
Chronometer.
Before 9^18"'
After II 12
Clock.
i6'» 55" 5.29s
18 49 24.06
Mean Error and Rate of Sidereal Clo
Mean of 5 * » Mean error corresponding.
16.6 47.60*
ck.
Mean rate.
- o.33«
Comparison from 15th to i6th — 0.31.
Chronometer fast i" 20,408.
MDCCCXXVI.
o
98 Mr, Herschel's account of a series of observations
July 17th. The loss of observation 1, in columns I. and
III. was occasioned by the observers mistaking the mi-
nute. It was however very accurately taken by the second
observer.
Rockets.
App* Time I.
II.
- III.
Mean.
I
9'' 32" 20.18
20. i»
2
9*42'"20.0»
42 19.9
:: _fc _•» ip.18
19.95
3
52 20.8
- - 21.3
- - 21.3
21.13
4
10 2 21.4
- - 21.4
- - 21.4
21.40
5
12 19.8
- - >9-3
- - 19-2
1943
6
22 22.9
- - 22.8
- - 22.9
22.87
7
32 24.8
- - 24.8
- - 24.8
24.8
8
42 25.0
- - 25.0
- - 25.0
25.0
9
-
-
:: 10 52 16.0
—
10
II 2 22.5
- - 22.6
- - 22.6
22.57
Comparison of Chronometer and Clock.
Chronometer.
Before 9'* 21°'
After II 11
Clock.
17'
3.68*
18 52 21.72
Mean Error and Rate of Sidereal Clock.
Mean of 7 ♦ s j Mean error.
15" 30°
47-56'
Mean rate.
— 0.06
Comparison from 16th to 17th — 1.40.
Chronometer fast i*" 19.008
The ninth rocket exploded the moment it began to ascend; the time noted
cannot be depended on.
for determining the djffereyice of meridians, &c. 99
July 18th. The first, seventh, ninth, and tenth rockets
could not be observed ; one or tv^^o exploded without ascend-
ing ; the remainder did not explode at all.
Rockets.
App' Time I.
II.
- III.
Mean.
I
—
2
p** 42" 29. IS
- - 29.0'
- - 29.1'
29-07'
3
- 52 32-1
- - 32.3
- - 32.2
32.20
4
lO 2 33.3
- - 33-0
- - 33-2
33-»7
5
- 12 31.1
- - 31.0
- - 31.6
31-23
6
- 22 29.8
- - 29.6
- - 29.7
29.70
7
—
8
- 42 29.9
- - 30.0
- - 29.9
29.93
9
—
10
—
Comparison of Chronometer and Clock.
Chronometer.
Before 9* 37"
After II II
Clock.
i7>»22°' 3.55'
18 56 18 95
Mean Error and Rate of Sidereal Clock.
Mean of 6 ♦*
i6''o°
Mean error.
47- 30*
Mean rate.
— 0.26*
Comparison from the 17th to i8th — 0.93.
Chronometer fast i" 18.07'.
100 Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
July 19th. The fifth rocket could not be observed.
Rockets.
App* Time I.
II.
- III.
Mean.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9i»32»43.i'
- 42 41.0
- 52 34-1
10 2 36.9
- 22 42.9
- 33 4.8
- 42 40.1
- 52 40.0
::ii 2 43.3
- - 43 -o"
- - 40.9
- - 43-0"
- - 41.0
43^03"
40.97
34-13
36.9
42.9
4^75
40.1
39^97
43^7
- - 34-1
- - 36.9
- - 4^-9
- - 40.0
- - 40.0
:: -43.1
- - 34-2
- - 36-9
- - 42.9
- - 4-7
- - 40.2
- - 39-9
- -43-7
Comparison of Chronometer and Clock.
Chronometer.
Before 8" 48-"
After II 10
Clock.
16*" 36"" 53.84'
18 59 17.02
Mean Error and Rate of Sidereal Clock.
Mean of 3*' I Mean error. | Mean rate.
1 6*' 50""
47.i6«
— 0.19*
Comparison from i8th to 19th — 1.81
Chronometer fast x™ 16.268
Observation 10 in columns i and 2 doubtful to half a second.
for determining the difference of meridians , &c. lois.
July 20. The rockets this evening were miserably bad;
five only were observed ; the eighth however might have
been a good one ; it was lost by all the observers looking:
for it too late.
Rockets.
App' Time I.
- - - n.
- - - III.
Mean.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
<
^h j2>n 36.6s
52 56.2
10 22 45-7
36.73
- - 56.0
- - 45-8
10 32 53.0
36.93
- -56.1
10 12 39.2
- 22 46.1
- - 53->
36.73'
56.1
39-2
45-87
53-05
lO
Comparisons of Chronometer and Clock.
Chronometer. Clock.
Before 9'' 6" le** 58" 53.06s
After II 10 1 19 3 »3-34
Mean Error and Rate of Sidereal Clock.
Mean of 5 • ^ I Mean error. I Mean rate
iji* 40"
47.228
-^0.03"
Comparison from 19th to 20th, + 0.35
Chronometer fast i"* 16.618
102 Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
July 21. The rockets much worse this evening than they
were last. Only one out of the whole number mounted at
all. All the others were seen, but nothing was sufficiently
definite to admit of being noted. *
Rockets
1
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
lO
App* Time I
9'' 42'" 48.88
II.
48.8'
- III.
- - 48.8'
Mean.
48.8»
Comparisons of Chronometer and Clock.
Clock.
!»» 9n> 50.88*
Chronometer.
Before 9'' 13""
After II 10
19 7 9.93
Mean Error and Rate of Sidereal Clock.
I •». Error. Rate.
i;"* 26"".
47-37
+ 0.20'
Comparisons from 20 to 21, +1.02
Chronometer fast i™ 17.63'
* It is much to be regretted that some attempt at least to note them was not
made. Had it been done, this night's result, which is now dependent on a single
signal, might perhaps (as they were for the most part tolerably well observed at
Wrotham), have been placed nearly on the same footing with the rest. H.)
X
for determining the difference of meridians y ^c. 103
July 22. Rockets extremely bad ; four only could be
observed.
Rockets.
App»Time I.
- - - II.
- - - III.
Mean.
I
2
3
4
1
7
9»'32'" 51. 2S
- 42 49-9
- 52 51-4
51-35'
- - 49.8
- - 5'-3
10 2 52.4
5i.4«
49.6
51-3
- - 52-4
51.32.
49-77
5«-33
52.4
8
9
10
—
Comparisons of Chronometer and Clock.
Chronometer. Clock.
Before 9* 23" I 17^ 23™ 48*
After
II II
19 12 5.59
Mean Error and Rate of Sidereal Clock.
Mean of 5*'.
15^ 47^
Mean error.
47-57'
Mean rate.
+ 0.21
Comparisons from 21 to 22, + 0.32.
Chronometer fast 1™ 17.95*
The means of the Comparisons, with the true Sidereal
Time corresponding.
July II
12
»3
H
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Chron.
lo'^4m 30'
10 II 30
ID 14 30
10 15 O
ID 17
10 15
10 16
10 24
9 59
10 8
10 II
10 17
o
o
o
o
o
o
30
o
Clock.
171122™ 3.36*
17 32 59.87
17 39 56.19
17 42 22.00
17 50 18.42
17 52 14.67
17 57 12.70
18 9 11.25
17 48
18 I
5-43
3.20
18 8 30.405
18 17 56.79
True Sidereal
Time.
7'»2i™ i5.o»
7 32 11.60
39
41
49
5»
56
8
47
o
7
17
7.80
33-75
30.52
27.09
25.14
23-97
18.27
15.98
42.03
9.20
104 Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
True Sidereal Time of the explosions.
r
July II.
Rockets.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
lo
True Time.
i6''48^
-58
17
18
8
18
28
38
48
58
8
18
13.3928
30.54
28.82
32.11
31-79
34.85
36.56
39.80
38.84
44.8
July 12.
Rockets.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
True Time.
16^52™ 24.98s
17 2 27.38
28.27
31.51
33.66
36.21
35.93
37.82
36.19
39-59
18
12
22
32
42
52
2
12
22
July 13.
Rockets.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
True Time.
i6'> 56" 26.45=
17
18
16
26
36
46
56
6
16
26
29.95
30.73
34.81
36.09
37.33
38.23
39.50
41.77
July 14.
July 15
July 16.
Rockets.
True Time.
Rockets.
True Time.
Rockets.
True Time.
I
lyh Qin 26. 1 OS
I
17'' 4'n 31.64*
I
lyh gm 37.06*
2
— 10 29.20
2
— 14 33.72
2
— 18 37.34
3
20 29.30
3
3
4
— 30 31.34
4
4
— 38 42.03
5
— 40 36.94
5
— 44 39.04
5
— 48 43.04
6
- 50 38.39
6
— 54 39-39
6
— 58 46-36
7
18 0 36.00
7
18 4 44.21
7
18 8 44.95
8
— 10 40.87
8
— 14 43.88
8
— 18 52.58
9
— 20 40.66
9
— 24 45.35
9
— 28 48.68
10
— 30 43.71
10
10
— 38 50.12
July 17.
July 18.
July 19.
Rockets.
True Time.
Rockets.
True Time.
Rockets.
True Time.
I
i7'»i2ro 38.098
I
I
17** 20"* 56.91*
2
— 22 39.58
2
I7h jgm 46.25'
2
— 30 56.55
3
— 32 44.40
3
— 36 51.02
3
— 40 51.34
4
— 42 44.30
4
— 46 53.62
4
— 50 55.77
5
— 52 43-96
5
— 56 53.31
5
6
18 2 49.06
6
18 6 53.42
6
18 II 5.09
7
— 12 52.63
7
7
— - 21 28.65
8
— 22 52.48
8
18 26 57.05
8
- 31 5.58
9
10
— 42 55.29
9
10
9
- 41 7.1 1
— 51 12.50
10
July 20.
Rockets.
True Time.
July 21.
Rockets.
True Time.
July 22.
Rockets.
True Time.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 7'' 24"! 46.90*
17 45 9.60
18 4 55.95
— 15 4.28
— 25 13.12
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I7*»38m 56.10*
I
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
10
1
I
7^32°' 53.27*
- 42 53.36
- 52 56.56
8 2 59.28
for determining the difference of meridians, ^c. 105
Statement of the method of combining and calculating the Obser-
vations, and obtaining the Rates of the chronometers.
Previous to stating the result of these observations, it will
not be irrelevant to explain the method pursued in reducing
them, and the principles on which the calculation has been
made ; and it may be here remarked, that the brevity and
facility of the computations which will appear to be required
for this purpose, is not the least recommendation of the
method itself.
Suppose A and Z to be the two extreme points whose
difference of longitudes is to be determined, and at each of
which the true sidereal time is supposed to be known by
transits of well determined stars and registered by exact
clocks, or carefully compared chronometers. Intermediate
between these, suppose two, or any number of stations,
B, C, &c. chosen, at each of which are placed observers fur-
nished with telescopes and good chronometers ; and again,
intermediate between these, and in the order
A, a, B, 6, C, c, Z,
let posts or stations a, b, c, be selected, at which signals are
made, by the explosion of gunpowder, the discharge of
rockets, the extinction of lamps, or otherwise, at regular
concerted times, and so arranged that the signals at a shall
be visible from both A and B ; those at b from both B and C ;
and those at c from B and Z. Now let a signal be made at
a, and observed both from A and B, and the moment of its
happening noted at A by the sidereal clock, and at B by the
MDCCCXXVI. P
106 Mr, Herschel's account of a series of observations
chronometer ; then, if the observations were perfect, the
difference of the clock at A, and the chronometer at B, would
become exactly known. Let this be denoted by A — B.
A short time after, let a signal be made at 6, and observed by
the chronometers at B and C, whose difference (which we
will in like manner denote by B — C,) becomes thus precisely
known at the time of making the signal. In the same manner
may the difference C — Z of the chronometer at C and the
sidereal clock at Z be known at the moment of explosion of
a signal at c ; and so on, if there be more intermediate
stations.
Now, the clocks at A and Z being all along supposed to
keep strict sidereal time, if the watches at B, C, did the same,
it is manifest that the difference between any two of them
determined at one moment would be the same at every
other ; and therefore the intervals elapsed between the
signals would be out of the question, and the observations
might all be regarded as simultaneous ; so that the sum of
the differences (A — B) + (B — C)+ (C — -Z) =A — Z
would express strictly the difference of the true sidereal times
at the extreme points, /. e, their difference of longitudes ex-
pressed in time, without any further calculation or reduction.
It is equally evident that, whatever be the rates of the
watches, if the intervals elapsed between the signals were
infinitely small, so as to reduce their gain or loss in these
times to nothing, the same would hold good. Since this
however cannot be the case, it is obvious that the difference
of longitudes so obtained will be affected by the rates of the
watches and the intervals of the signals, which must accord-
for determining the difference of meridians ^ &c. 107
ingly be allowed for. Now, as the intervals at which the
signals are made at the successive stations are small (only
five minutes), the gain or loss of the watches used may be
calculated for such small times to great nicety ; and, if the
watches were regulated to sidereal time, and of any ordinary
degree of goodness, the correction on this account would be
almost insensible ; or, if regulated, as is generally the case,
to mean time, the reduction from mean to sidereal time only
need be applied, neglecting the deviation of the rates from
strict mean time. The calculation then becomes of extreme
simplicity ; for since the watches have equal rates, we have
no occasion to apply aiiy correction to their observed dif-
ferences ; and it will suffice to apply to the uncorrected
value of A (= A — Z, or)
^^ (A —B) + (B' — C) + (C - Z")
the mere reduction from mean to sidereal time for the in-
terval elapsed between the first and last signal ; or in other
words (regarding the whole operation as a species of tele-
graphing), for the time the message has occupied in its trans-
mission from one observatory to the other.*
For example. On the 19th, a signal was made at Mont
Javoult, and noted at Paris to have happened at 18^ 39"" 5^' -5
true sidereal time at Paris, and at Lignieres at 10^ 49°* 4i'.o
by the Lignieres Chronometer. About 5°* after this, a signal
made at La Canche was observed at Lignieres to happen at
.10" 54° 53'-s, and at Fairlight at 10^ 46" sT-S by the Fair-
light chronometer. Finally, a third signal was made about
5" later still at Wrotham, and observed at 10^ 51°" 59^.4 by
• Might not telegraphs be employed to ascertain the difference of longitudes of
the stations between which they are established ?
108 Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
the Fairlight chronometer, and at 18^ 41"" 7M1 true sidereal
time at Greenwich. The calculation then stands thus
+ A = +i8 39 52 '50. — B = — 10 4941-00
+ B'=+io 54 53-20 — €'=— 10 4637-50
+ C"=+io 51 59-40 — Z"=:— 18 41 7-11
B' — B rz + o 5 i2'2o
C"— C'= + o 5 21-90
Sum o 10 34-10
Sum = +38" i44°i65s-io —^S^ i36"858.6i
r: o'' 8° 79*-49 or rso" 9" 198.49 the uncorrected value of A
Reduction from mean to ^
Sid. T. for an interval y= + 1*73
of io"» 34»-io . . J — — — —
o 9 21-22 r= A
the corrected difference of longitudes.
Such is the result of the transmission of a single signal
along the line, and such the whole calculation required to
deduce it. It is chosen at random from among the observa-
tions, yet is probably entitled to at least as much confidence
as any value hitherto previously obtained ; a circumstance
which sets the excellence of this method in a very strong
light.
Such would be the process of calculation in the simplest
state of the data, viz. when the signals are seen along the
whole line without a failure, so that each message so trans-
mitted arrives at its destination and gives a complete result.
But this (in the present instance at least) has not been always,
or'generally the case. It has much more commonly happened
that a signal made at one station (a for instance, has not been
simultaneously observed, or not observed at all, at A and at B,
while the other signals, at 6, c, &c. have been regularly seen
and registered. In every such case (of which endless combi-
nations may occur) a link of the chain fails, and no result can
be obtained from this series of observations taken singly. A
very slight consideration will suffice to show that were we
for determining the difference of meridians , &c, 109
to reject all such broken series, the observations of a whole
night might easily be thrown away, though capable of
affording a result quite as good as any other. Such a case
actually occurs in the observations of the 18th, where no
complete transmission of any one signal from end to end of
the line took place, yet the mean result of that night's obser-
vations deviates less than two-tenths of a second from the
result finally adopted as the truth.
The most advantageous way of employing such a broken
series of observations as we have described is not at once
obvious. It may depend on circumstances too nice for cal-
culation, and which can be felt only by the observers them-
selves. The fairest however, and that which by employing
all the observations according to one uniform rule leaves
nothing to partiality, seems to me to be the following.
Let A be the time marked by the sidereal clock at the first
extreme station A, then calling E the time marked by the
same clock at any assumed arbitrary epoch, A — E will denote
the sidereal time elapsed since that epoch. Call j3 the rate
or sidereal time of the chronometer at the 2d station (B),
/3 being supposed negative when the chronometer loses, (as
for instance when it shows mean time). At the same moment
that the clock at A marks A, let this chronometer mark B,
then, since /3(A — E) is the quantity it has gained, since the
epochs, B — jG (A — E) must be the time it would have indi-
cated, if instead of gaining or losing, it had kept true sidereal
time since the epoch. Consequently (the clock being sup-
posed to have no rate) A— | B— /3 (A— E) jor A— B+ iQ(A-E)
will be the difference of the clock and chronometer reduced
jio Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
to this epoch, i. e. the difFerence they would have indicated if
instead of comparing them at the time A, they had been
compared at the time E.
Every signal simultaneously observed at A and B, gives a
direct comparison of the clock and chronometer ; but it is
only when thus reduced to a fixed epoch that these compa-
risons become comparable inter se ; but when so reduced
their mean may be taken, and is of course preferable to the
fesult of any single comparison. Hence if we put
P = mean of all the ( A — B) + /3 x mean of all the (A - E)
P will express the difference of the clock and chronometer
at the epoch more probably than any of the individual values
derived from single observations.
It follows therefore that at any other sidereal time A', the
time indicated by the chronometer at B, (or B') may be cal-
culated from the expression
B'= (A'^P) + /3 (A'— E) (a)
more probably than it can be derived from any single actual
observation. This equation gives
A'= ^^^^j^=^ = B' -f P — ^ (P + B' — E)
neglecting squares and higher powers of jS, whence the
time by the clock at A becomes known at any instant in
terms of that shown by the watch at B.
Now let a signal be made between B and C, and noted to
happen at the moment marked B' by the watch at B, and C
by that at C. Let )3 and y denote their respective rates on
sidereal time ; then since B' — jS (A'— E) and C— y (A'— -E)
are the times they would have marked had they kept strict
for determining the difference of meridians , &c. iii
sidereal time since the epoch, their difference reduced to the
fixed epoch will be
(B'— C')-(;3-y)(A'_E)
in which, substituting for A its value above found, we get
(B'_C')-(/3-y)(P + B'-E)
neglecting powers and products of jS and y. Putting then
Q=:mean of all the{B*-- C)-(3'-r/)—meanofall the (P+B'— E)
we get the most probable value of the difference of the
chronometers at the epoch which can be obtained from any
number of such comparisons.
Finally, if we make a comparison at any time A" (Paris
Sid. T. ) between the watch at C and the clock at z, and call
their indications at that moment C" and Z", their apparent
difference will beC — Z", and their difference reduced to the
epoch will be
(C— Z") — y(A'— E).
But Q being the most probable difference between the chro-
nometers B and C at the epoch, and (jS — y) the difference
of their rates
Q + i^-Y){A"-E)
will be their difference at any other moment A"; hence
B''-~ C'= Q + (/3 - y) (A"-- E).
But by the equation (a:) since B" and A" are correspond-
ing times, we have
B"=A"-P-|-^(A''— E).
Consequently substituting this for B" we get
C'= A"-,P — Q + y ( A"-E)
whence A"= P + Q + C"— y { A"— E)
= P + Q + C"-y (P + Q + C"-E)
neglecting the square and higher powers of y :
112 Mr, Herschel's account of a series of observations
Consequently, still neglecting the same things we get
C— Z"— y {P+Q+C— E}
for the difference of the timekeepers C and Z reduced to the
epoch, and putting
R= mean of all the (C - Z") - y.mean of all the (P+Q+C— E)
R will be their most probable difference reduced to the fixed
epoch.
P, Q, and R, being thus obtained, we must obviously have
for the correct difference of longitudes,
A = P + Q+R.
Now, substituting for P, Q, R, their values, this gives
A=mean of (A — B) + mean of ( B' — C) + mean of(C' — Z")
-{-^.mean of {A — E)
+ {y^P).mean of {P + B'— E)
— y.mean 0/ (P + Q + C" — E)
that is, reducing,
A =zmean of (A— B) + mean o/(B'— C) + mean o/(C"— Z")
+ (3. mean of A-\' {y — fi), mean ofB' — y, mean of C
_P/3_Qy.
This value of A is however susceptible of still further
reduction by substituting for P and Q their values ; which if
done, and the powers and products of (3 and y neglected, as
has all along been done, we get
A = mean of {A — B) + mean o/(B'— C) + mean of (C'^Z")
+ ^.mean of A + (y — jS ) mean of B'— y. mean of C"
— /3 . mean of (A — B) — y. mean of (B' — C)
that is, finally (since the numbers of the observations of
A and of B are necessarily equal, and therefore the mean of
the values of A — B is equal to the mean of A — the mean
for determining the difference of meridians, &c. lis
of B, and so for the rest) reducing and striking out all the
terms which desti*oy each other.
A = mean of A — mean ofB-{- mean ofB' — mean of C •{•
+ mean of C" — mean of Z"
+ (2 { mean of B—mean of BI-^- yimean ofC — mean of C\
or simply, denoting by A, B, A', B', &c. no longer the indi-
vidual observed times (to which there will be no occasion
again to refer) but the means of all those which have cor-
responding observations.
A = A — B+B'— C+ C — Z"
+ i3(B-B')+y(C~C"(
This expression is, as it obviously ought to be, independent
of the arbitrary epoch E, which may be assumed any number
of hours or days before or after the observations.
The first line of this value of A may be regarded as an
approximate one ; the second as a correction depending on
the rates of the watches ; and it is clear that the several
portions of which this correction consists are the respective
gains of the chronometers on Sid. T. during the mean
amounts of the delay of the message between the several
stations, taking the expression in its algebraical sense, where
a negative delay corresponds to an anticipation.
If all the signals succeeded, the coefficients of jS and y
would be each o** 5", and the amount of the correction would
be ( jQ + 7 ) •-|-T= ^^ • It would therefore require no less
a deviation of one of the chronometers from its assumed
rate than 29^" per diem, or of both of them i4j, and the same
way, to produce an uncertainty in the result to the amount
of a tenth of a second; deviations incompatible with the
MDCCCXXVI. Q
114 Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
character of ordinary good watches, not to speak of chro-
nometers.
The worst case that can happen is where the first signal
only at a gives corresponding observations at the stations
adjacent, the last only at 6, the first again only at c, and so on.
In this case the coefficients of /3 and 7 would each equal the
whole interval between the first and last signal at each post,
or (in the present case) 1^ so"". The correction here would be
^2 X 24 — 16
In this extreme case, the sum of the deviations of both
watches from their assumed rates, need only amount to i'.6
to produce an uncertainty of a tenth of a second in the result ;
and though such a case as here supposed is in the last degree
improbable, yet as a certain approach to it is not unlikely, it
may be of use to show how the rates of the watches, if not
otherwise known, may be obtained, or if known, verified, by
the observations themselves.
If we consider the observations on two successive nights,
at two of the extreme stations, A and B for instance, calling
A and B the means of the simultaneous observations on the
first night, and A^ B^ on the second, we have, assuming for
an epoch some time E = any number of days before either of
the night's observations,
b^r- P = A— .B + iG(A — E)
But since this is generally true, if the observations be made
in sufficient number on both nights to destroy their indivi-
dual errors in the mean result, we must also have
P = A,-B,+ /3(A,-E)
equating which we get
for determining the difference of meridians, &c. 115
A — B — /3(A — E)=A,— B, — ^(A, — E)
whence we find , , „ , , ^ „,
^ (A, — B,) — (A — B)
H — A, — A
In this formula it is to be observed that A, and B^ are each
greater than 24 hours ; but as timekeepers only register
excesses above 12 hours and its multiples, if we wish' to
denote by A^ and B^ the mere readings off of the time-
keepers, we must put 24*^ + A^ and 24^ + B, for A^ and B^ if
the interval be one day ; 48^ + A, and 48^ + B, if two days,
and so on, so that (n being the number of days elapsed)
^^ ^^* — 5 = (A.-B,)-(A-B)
f^ n X 24*+ A^ — A
In like manner may the rate <y of the chronometer at C be
found by comparison with the clock at Z thus,
_ (z;--c;o-(Z"-C)
^ nx2^^+ Z,"— Z" •
If there be intermediate chronometers, the rate of each on
that immediately preceding or following it may be found in
exactly the same way.
Computation of the Rates of the Chronometers.
From the 18th to the 19th.
1. Lignieres Chronometer, or that at station B. Motel, No. 39.
19th. A^ — B^ = 7^ 50™ 7*-9o A, = i8M9'°4i'-83
18th. A — B = 7 46 8 -28 A = 18 32 21 -88
(A^— B,)--(A--B)= + 3 59 -62 A,-A=— o 12™40«05
— ^=z^^Jo^\^z^lo^'os =4"i--74; /3 = — 4™l'-74-T-24''
Whence the rate on mean time = — 5'-8s.
116 Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
2. Fairlight Chronometer, at Station C. Baker, No. 744.
19th. Z,— C,= 7''49™2'-75 Z,= iS** is'^sC's^
Z — C = 7 45 4 -31 Z = 17 53 32 -44
+ 3 58*44 +0 18 47*88
n 3°* 58-44 _ Qin £.^s.Q«_i_o .h
P 24hi8'«47«-88 3 55 36-r-24
and rate on mean time = + 0^-55.
Rates of the Chronometers from the 19th to the 21st.
For Motel, No. 39-
A, — B^ = 7"^ 58"^ S»-69 A,= 18M4"15'*18
A — B = 7 50 7 *90 A = 18 19 41 -83
+ 7 55"79 -^ 5 ^6 65
being a rate of — 2'-52 on mean time.
For Baker, No. 744.
Z,— C,= 7''56'"48^-40 Z,=z i7^38"56^'io
Z — C = 7 49 2 -75 Z = 18 12 20 -32
+ 7 45 '65 — o 33 24 '22
)3 = 7- 45-65 ^__3m5 ..^g _^2 h
Being a rate of + o^*35 on mean time.
Rates of the Chronometers from the 21st to the S2d.
Motel, No. 39'
A, — B,= 8^ 2"^ o«-l4 A^= l8Ml'"24''77
A — B=7 58 3-^9 A = l8l4l5'l8
+ o 3 56*45 — 02 50-41
^ _ 3- 56-45 = — s^n 56^.92 -^ 24^
^ 24*^ — 2m5os*4i
being a rate of — i^*oi on mean time
for determming the difference of meridians, &c. 117
Rates of the Chronometers from the 21st to the 22d.
Baker, No. 744.
Z,— - C, = 8^ C" 47'-04 Z^ = 1 7^ 47"° 55''-62
Z — C = 7 56 48 '40 Z = 17 38 56 'lo
+ S 58 -64 + o 8 59 -52
Being a rate of — 1^*25 on mean time.
The rates originally assigned to the chronometers on leav-
ing Paris and London, were respectively (on mean time),
Motel No. S9i + i'.8. Baker 744, + i'.2o.
The former, then, in the interval must have altered its rate
(if that deduced from the observations of the 18th and 19th
be correct), no less than — T'^S ; and between the 18th and
21st, must have again accelerated its daily rate by 3^-31,
fluctuations not to be supposed in a chronometer of any cha-
racter. It is therefore probable that the rate — 5''83 of the
i8th-i9this incorrect, and the observations being positive,
and liable to no errors capable of accounting for so large a
deviation, the cause, on this supposition, can lie nowhere but
in some accidental derangement in that interval. Now it
unfortunately happens, that the interval B — B', on the 18th,
to which this suspicious rate is to be applied, is no less than
4in> 2o'-6, which produces a correction of — o'-i7, or nearly
two-tenths of a second in the result of that night's obser-
vations.
If we examine the individual observations of both nights,
on which this rate depends, we shall find no satisfaction,
though they tend to confirm the suspicion of a derangement
118 Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
in the intervening day, by indicating rather a gain, than a
loss on mean time ; — but the unavoidable errors of observa-
tion vv^ill not permit the deduction of a rate from such short
intervals as those elapsed during the observations of a single
night.
How^ever, we may be relieved from the disagreeable ne-
cessity of rejecting the night's observations on this score, by
reflecting, that all observations are liable to some errors ;
that if we reject this on account of a suspected error of two
tenths of a second, arising from the fault of a chronometer,
we certainly should not be warrantable in retaining the re-
sult of the observations of the 21st, where the whole night's
work rests on a single signal, and on the transit of a single
star observed at Greenwich, and where an error to the ex-
tent of nearly half a second, from both causes united, may
very fairly be presumed. We may be relieved, I say, from
the necessity of rejecting observations where there are as-
suredly none to spare, by remarking that, according to any
fair estimation of the weight of each night's result from the
number of observations, the most suspicious result, that of
the 21st, is precisely that which holds the lowest rank — and
that whether we retain or reject those of the two nights in
question, the ultimate result will (as will hereafter appear),
be unaffected to the extent of more than three-hundredths of
a second.
for determining the difference of meridians^ &c.
Actual Calculation and Results.
Computation of the observations of the i8th.
1st Combination. All the observers taken jointly.
119
( —
6
i8'>i5'"4o'-37
18 45 44-13
io''29°'34'*4
10 49 32 '8
10 59 33 -6
Mean. Mean.
18 32 21 -88 10 46 13-6
A — B =
B'— C'=
C" — Z" =
7 46 8-28
o 8 22 '43
7 54 3071
-7 45 4-31
o 9 26*40
--4-82
— 0*17
O'CO
9"54'"52'"o
10 14 54 'O
Mean.
10 4 53 -o
B~ B'=
C- C"=
9h46»29'75
10 6 31 '40
Mean.
9 56 30-57
+ 41 20 '60
— II 57-56
+ 29 23 -04
Gain of mean on 7 g
Sid. Time - I -4-»2
C"
9'»4i'
9 5»
10 I
10 II
10 21
10 41
Z'
'46s -2
49-6
50-3
48-6
46-9
47-2
Mean.
10 8 28*13
i7'»26'"46'-25
17 36 51 -02
17 46 53 -62
17 56 53-31
18 6 53 -42
18 26 57*05
Mean.
»7 S3 32-44
Gain on M. T. of B— o -17
of C — o -00
I
o 9 21 -41 1= Corrected difference of Longitudes.
Computation of the observations of the 19th.
1st Combination. All the observers taken jointly.
A r-
i7«»29'"29'-6
18 Z9 52-5
18 49 43-4
B
9" 39'"3o'-4
10 49 41 -I
10 59 30-4
9° 44"49'-4
9 54 49 '9
10 34 49 -7
10 54 53 -4
Mean.
18 19 41 •83
A-B =
B'— C'n
C"— .Z" =
Mean.
10 29 33-93
+7 50 7 '9'=^
+ 8 16-II
+7 58 24-01
—7 49 275
9 21 -26
+ 0-33
— 0-02
0-00
Mean.
10 17 20 -60
B — B'=
C'-C"=
9''36 33"io
9 46 36 •(>$
10 26 33 -70
10 46 37-55
Mean.
10 9 4-49
+ 12 13-33
— 14 13-02
I— I 59-69
Gain of mean on T
Sid. T. - - I + °'33
C"
Z"
9" 42'"o«-45
9 5» 53-65
10 I 56-50
10 22 2*45
10 32 24-75
10 41 59'8o
10 51
11 2
59-60
3-40
i7''3o'n56'-55
ij 40 5t -34
17 50 55 '77
18 II 5*09
18 21
18 31
18 41
18 51
28 -65
5.58
7-11
12 -50
Mean.
10 23 17-57
Mean.
18 12 20-32
Gain of B on M. T. — 0-02
of C O'oo
0921 •57J=: Corrected difference of Longitudes.
120 Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
Calculation of the observations of the 2 1 st.
1st. Combination. All the observers jointly.
A
17 47 32*10
18 7 40*95
18 17 30*30
»8 37 4075
18 57 43*90
-A.
B
9^39°24s*7o
9 49 3270
10 9 38 .60
10 19 26-40
10 39 33 *20
10 59 33*30
B'
9''54"'5o'*4o
10 4 53-10
10 14 51 '20
10 34 49 -60
10 44 59 .40
11 4 51 *8o
9»'46>»38''*95
9 56 4'- 50
10 6 39* 80
lo 26 38* 25
10 36 47* 90
10 56 41- 10
C"
9h 42"
in
■^ — ^ Z"
17'' 38m56s-io
Mean.
18 14 15*18
A — B:
B'— C:
C'-Z"=
Mean.
10 16 If -49
7 58 3*69
8 11*33
Mean.
10 26 32-58
B-B' =
C'~C" =
Mean.
10 18 21 '25
— o 10 21 -09
+0 36 13-55
Mean.
9 42 77
Mean.
17 38 56 -lo
Gain of Bon M. T.n + 0*0 1
C . . . —0*03
8 6 15 *02
-7 56 48-40
+0 25 52-46
Gain of mean on
Sid. Time.
9 26 *62
—4-54
+0 *OI
—0*03
}-
4*54
o 9 22.06
Corrected difference of Longitudes.
Calculation of the observations of the asd.
1st. Combination. All the observers jointly.
A J . * '^ '
B' f- ^ nt \
C" , A '7«
1\ ,
17" 3i™i28*i5
17 51 18 -70
9'»29™i8'*6
9 49 21 -9
9 59 17-1
10 9 21 -7
10 19 41 .7
10 29 28 .4
10 49 23 .0
9''44"5o"5o
9 54 53-50
9''36™39s-8o
9 46 42 -45
9 56 42-50
10 6 57*85
10 16 37-50
10 26 48 .05
10 36 47 -00
10 46 37.15
10 56 37.90
9'»32°' 8^*95
9 42 6 *95
9 52 8-55
1029 -90
i7''32'"53'*27
17 42 53.36
i8 1 15-65
18 11 21 -70
18 21 43 -60
18 31 31 -80
18 51 29-80
10 4 53 *20
lo 15 8 -60
10 24 48 *30
10 34 58*70
10 44 57 *6o
10 54 47.70
11 4 48 .80
17 52 56.56
18 2 59.28
Mean.
18 11 24-77
Mean.
10 9 24*63
8 2 0*14
8 io*74
Mean.
10 24 54-10
B-B'=
C'--C"=
Gain of Mean
SiH Time
Mean.
10 16 43-36
— 15 29-47
+ 29 34*78
Mean.
9 47 8*58
Mean.
17 47 55 '62
A — B=:
B'- C =
Gain of B on M. T. +0-01
C . . . — 0-03
C— Z"=
8 10 10*88
-8 0 47 -04
+ H 5 -31
°"l-2-3i
9 23 -84
-2*31
+ 0 -oi
-3 03
0 9 21 -51
r= Corrected d
lifference of Lo
ngitudes.
for determining the difference of meridians ^ &c.
Calculation of the observations of the i8th.
2d Combination. Capt. Sabine. Mr. Herschel.
i»i
A , ''
i8*i5™4os'37
35 4»-i3
45 44 '^3
, B
Io'*2 9ni34S'4
49 32 '8
59 33-6
Mean =:
18 32 21 -88
A — B =
B'— C'=
C*— Z" =
Mean =
10 46 13 '6
7 46
0 8
8-28
22-45
7 54
-7 45
30-73
4 "34
9 26 -39
—4-82
— 0-17
•01
B'
9'' 54™ 52'
10 14 54
Mean =
10 4 53
C
9'i46'n29'-7
10 6 31 '4
Mean —
9 56 30-55
B - B' = -f
C — C'=: —
(B — B') + (C'-C")=:
Gain of mean 7 g
iSid.Timej-~4"a2
C
9''4i'n46s-o
51 49-5
10 1 50 '3
II 48.6
21 47 .0
41. 47 '2
Mean =
10 8 28 -1
Z"
I ^h 26ni 469-25
18
36
46
56
6
26
51 -02
53-62
S3 '3^
53 '42
57-05
Mean = . .
17 53 32*44
41 20 -60 Gain on M.T.-o- 1 7
*^ 57 -SSGainonM-T.-o-oi
29 23 -05
o 9 21 -39 z: The corrected difference of Longitudes
Calculation of the observations of the 19th.
2nd Combination. Observations of Capt. Sabine and
Mr. Herschel.
A '
i7*29™293-6
18 39. 52*5
18 49 43*4
C ^ B
B' , A. C
C" , A '7."
9^39'"3o**4
10 49 41 -2
10 59 30 -o
9 54™5o**o
10 34 49-6
10 54 53 -6
9'»46m33s-8
10 26 33 -7
10 46 37 -6
9'' 42n» OS-5
9 51 53'^
10 I 56-4
10 22 2 -5
10 32 24-8
10 41 S9'7
10 51 59*8
11 2 3-5
i 7** 30^568-55
17 40 51 -34
17 50 55-77
1 8 II 5-09
18 21 28-65
1831 5-58
18 41 7 -u
18 51 12 -50
Mean.
18 19 41-83
A-.B=:
B' - C'=
Mean.
10 29 33 -87
+ 7 50 7 '9^
-f 0 8 16-04
Mean.
10 28 11 -07
B — B' = +
C — C" = -
Gain of mear
Mean.
10 19 55-03
6 1 22 - 8
0 3 22- 6
Mean.
10 23 17-63
Gain of B on ^
C
Mean.
18 12 20*32
/I.T. = 0.00
O'OO
C— Z' =
+ 7 58 24-00
— 7 49 2 -eg
0 I 59- 8
l)= + o-33
9 21 -31
+ 0-33
-f 0 -00
— 0 -oo
0 9 21 -64
Corrected diffe
rence of Longi
tudes.
MDCCCXXVI.
R
122
Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
Calculation of the observations of the 21st.
2d Combination. Observations of Capt. Sabine and
Mr. Herschel.
A , — -
17 47 32-10
17 7 40*95
18 17 30*30
»8 37 4075
18 57 43 -90
Mean.
18 14 15 '18
A — B =
B'— C' =
C' — Z'z:
i39™24''-8
49 32-8
38-4
10 19 26*4
»0 39 33 -2
10 59 33-2
Mean.
10 16 II '47
7 58 3 7»
8 II 36
8 6 1 5 -07
-7 56 48 -40
9 26 67
— 4'54
O'OI
+ 0-03
o 9 22 '15
B'
9" 54'"5o''-4
10 4 53-2
10 14 51 '2
10 34 49-6
10 44 59-4
u 4 52 'o
Mean.
10 26 32 '63
B — B' =
C — C"=
9^ 46'°398'o
9 56 41 '5
10 6 39 -8
lo 26 38 '3
10 36 47 '9
10 56 41 •!
Mean.
ID 18 21 '27
— o 10 21 '16
+0 36 13 'S7
+ 0 25
Gain of mean on 7
Sid. T. - j -
52-41
4*54
C" r—
9'' 42° 7^7
Mean.
9 42 77
i7>»38'"56*-io
Mean.
17 38 56-10
Gain of B on meanT. — o -o i
ofC - - +o- 3
Corrected difference of Longitudes.
Calculation of the observations of the 22d.
2d Combination. Observations of Capt. Sabine and
Mr. Herschel.
17*31n>I2*-I5
17 51 18 -70
18 I 15 -65
18 II 21 -70
18 21 43 -60
18 31 31 -So
Mean.
»8 4 43 -93
A — B =
B'— C =
C-Z" =
^ B
9'»29'°i8s 6
9 49 22 -o
9 59 «7 -2
10 9 32 -O
10 19 41 -6
10 29 28-6
Mean.
10 2 45 -00
8
0
I 58 -93
8 10 -86
8
8
10 9 -79
0 46 -95
9 22 '84
I -22
— o -03
+ o -03
O 9 21 '62
B'
9»'44"5o^-8
9 54 53 -6
10 4 53 -2
10 15 8 -8
10 24 48 '4
10 34 58 '8
10 44 57 -6
10 54 48 -o
11 4 48 -8
Mean.
10 24 54 -22
B — B' =z
C— C" =
C
9h 36"39'-8
9 46 42 -5
9 56 42 -5
10 6 58 -o
10 16 37-3
10 26 48 -2
10 36 47 -o
10 46 36-9
10 56 38 -o
Mean.
10 16 43 •36
— 22 9-2
+ 29 34 7
+ 7 25 -5
Gain on Sid. T. — i -22
9" 32'" 9»-o
9 42 7 -o
9 52 8*6
10 2 10 'I
Mean.
9 47 8-67
•7''32'"53"*27
17 42 53 .36
17 52 56 -56
18 2 59 -28
Mean.
17 47 55 -62
Gain of B on M. T. — 0*03
of C - - + o-oj
= Corrected difference of Longitudes.
Jor determining the difference of meridians ^ ^c. 123
Calculation of the observations of the 18th.
sd Combination. Capt. Sabine (for Col. Bonne) — M. Largeteau.
i\ f—
18* i5'°40''37
35 41 -13
45 44 •»3
Mean.
18 32 21 -88
A — B =
B' — C'=
c— z*=
A =
I o** 2 9"' 3 4s '4
49 32 -8
59 33 -6
B'
I —
-A.-
c
9"54™52*'o
Mean.
10 46 13 '6
7 46 8 -28
O 8 22 '20
7 54 30 -48
-7 45 4 -41
o 9 26 -07
— 4-68
— o -ai
O '02
o 9 21 •16
Mean.
9 54 52 'o
B — B' =
e— C-=
9'» 46'n29**8
Mean.
9 46 29 '8
051 21 '6
-o 22 47 7
Gain of mean on
Sid. T.
o 28 33 -9
}=-4 68
C" ,,
9*'4i«n46s-4
5» 49 V
10 21 46 '8
41 47-2
Mean.
10 9 17 '52
> Z"
i7»«26">46»*25
36 51 -02
18 6 53 -42
26 57 -05
Mean.
17 54 21 -93
Gainof BonM.T.r:— o '21
of C - - — O '02
The corrected difference of Longitudes.
Calculation of the observations of the 19th.
3d Combination. Col. Bonne and M. Largeteau.
A ,
i8*'39"52s-5
18 4^ 43 -4
Mean.
18 44 47 -95
A — B =
B' — C'=
C — Z"=-
N
io'»49™4is o
10 59 30 -8
Mean.
10 54 35 -90
7 50 12 -05
8 16 -08
7 58 28-13
7 49 2 *8o
9 25-33
— 378
+ 0-04
— o-oi
B'
9'*44"49^-4
9 54 49*8
10 34 49-8
10 54 53-2
Mean.
10 17 20 '55
> C
9*" 36'"33'*2
9 46 33 -5
10 26 33 '7
10 46 37 -5
Mean.
10 9 4-47
B — B'= + o 37 15-35
C— C" = — o 14 13-05
+ o 23 2-3
Gain of mean 7 g
on Sid. Time 3 ^ '
C"
9'' 42"
9 51
10 I
10 22
10 32
10 41
10 51
11 2
' 03-4
53-5
56-6
2*4
247
59-9
59*4
3-3
Mean.
10 23 17 -52
i7i'3o«'56g-55
17 40 51 -34
'7 50 55 77
1 8 1 1 5 '09
18 21
18 31
18 41
18 51
28-65
5-58
7-11
12 -50
Mean.
18 12 20-32
Gain of B on M.T. = + o 04
C - - — o-oi
o 9 21 -58 ICorrected difference of Long
itudes.
124 Mr. Herschel's account of a series of observations
Calculation of the observations of the 21st.
3d Combination. Observations of Col. Bonne and
M. Largeteau.
A
i7*'37°'23S'io
17 47 32 'lO
18 7 40-95
18 57 43 '90
Mean.
18 7 35 -oi
A — B=:
B'~C'=
C— Z" =
B
9'» 39"'24S'6
9 49 32 -6
10 9 38 -8
10 59 33 -4
Mean.
10 9 32 '35
7 58 2 '66
8 1 1 -45
8 6 14 '11
-7 56 48 -40
9 25 '71
-3 iS
— o '04
+0 -04
o 9 22 '57
B' ,
io''34™49S'6
10 44 59 -4
Mean.
10 39 54-50
B- B' =
C- C" =
I0''26"'38s-2
10 36 47 '9
Mean.
10 31 43 -05
— 30 22 '2
+ 49 35 -3
+ 19 13 I
Gain of mean on i
Sid. T. - - >
3 -15
C"
9'>42>7
TJ'
i7''38"s6'"io
Mean.
9 42 7 7
Mean.
17 38 56-10
Gain of B on meanT.— o -04
of C - - + o -04
'OSDfiSTo'-fl'h '
Corrected diflference of Longitudes.
Calculation of the observations of the ssd.
sd. Combination. Col. Bonne and M. Largeteau.
A _ .-A- n
E' ^ '^'
C" r—^
9i»32'°8"-9
9 42 6-9
9 52 8-5
10 29-7
'' >, Z"
i7'»5i°'i8*-7o
18 I 15*65
18 II 21-70
18 21 43-60
18 31 31-80
18 51 29-80
9''49"2i-8
9 59 »7 -o
10 9 21 '4
10 19 41 -8
10 29 28 '2
10 49 23 -0
9»'44"5os-2
9 54 S3 -4
10 15 8 -4
10 24 48 '2
10 34 58 -6
10 54 47 -4
11 4 48 -8
9*'36™39''8
9 46 42 .4
10 657.
10 16 "^7 7
10 26 47 -9
10 46 37 -4
10 56 37-8
i7*'32"'53«-27
•7 42 S3 -36
17 52 56 -56
18 2 59 -28
Mean.
18 18 6-88
A — B =
B — C'=
Mean.
10 16 5 '53
8 2 i-3S
8 10 -61
Mean.
10 24 53 -57
B — B' =
C— C" =
Gain of mean
Sid T
Mean.
10 16 42 -96
— « 48-1
+ 29 34 -5
Mean.
9 47 8 -50
Gain of B on ^i
ofC
Mean.
17 47 55-62
T. =-0-01
- +0-02
C— Z"=
8 10 11 -96
-8 0 47 -12
4- 20 46-4
S=-3-4o
9 24 -84
— • 3 '4°
— 0 -01
+ 0 -02
0 9 21 -45
= Corrected d
lifFerence of Lo
ngitudes.
. . j' for determining the difference of meridians , &c. 125
In appreciating the weights to be attrihuted tp; these several
results, it is obvious that the numbers of corresponding
observations at each pair of stations, and of transits at the
observatories, as it essentially influences the probable accu-
racy of the mean comparison of their timekeepers must be
the elements of all fair estimations. If corresponding ob-
servations at any station be wanting, the weight is evidently
r\othing; so that calling x,y, z, the numbers of correspond-
ing observations at A and B, at B and G, and at C and Z M
respectively, x xyxz must necessarily be a multiplier of the
function expressing the joint weight of the whole. But if
the number of observations at any one station, or at all, be j.,,^,,
infinitely multiplied, the weight is clearly not infinite. If at
all the stations, it would afford only such a degree of evi-
dence as a perfect comparison of the clocks would give,
which is but a relative certainty, after all, and may be
denoted by unity. In like manner, if the observations at any
one pair of stations be infinitely multiplied, the result is still
open to all the errors of imperfect observations at the rest,
so that unity will in like manner be the maximum of the
coefficient depending on any separate set. The function
ja y z
is the simplest which satisfies these conditions, each factor
vanishing when its variable is 0, and becoming unity when
infinite. The same reasoning applies to the transit observa-
tions by which the clocks are compared with the stars, so
that calling T and t the number of transit observations taken
at each, by which the clock's errors are obtained, the function
expressive of the weight of any night's observations will be
126 Mr, Herschel's account of a series of observations , &c.
T X V z t
W =
T + I ^ jr + 1 ^y + 1
^ Z+ 1 ^^ + I *
It would be needless refinement to enquire minutely how
far this agrees with a strict calculation of probabilities.
The result of the whole operation may then be briefly
stated as follows :
Day of
Obs.
A
X
y
%
T
t
W
Wx(A— 9"'2l'')
I8th.
9™ 2l'-4l
3
2
6
5
6
i-T.f-i-f-O-31
0-1271
19th.
9 21 '57
3
4
8
S
3
l.£.|.l.|.=0-30
01710
21 St.
9 22 06
6
6
1
4
1
l-.f-T^-i— 0-15
01590
22d.
9 21 -51
7
9
4
5
5
i-TV*-i-f-0-44
0*2244
Sum i-2o)o'68i5(o-568=:mean.
9 2» '535
9 2 1 '64
9 21 70
Most probable mean of the whole, so obtained - - - = g^2i*'^6S
Mean, similarly taken, but rejecting the results of the 18th and 21st
as liable to suspicion -------
Arithmetical mean of all the four results - - .
Arithmetical mean of the results of the four nights, obtained by the
2d combination, or from Capt. Sabine's and Mr. Herschel'
observations alone -------
Arithmetical mean of the 3d combination, or Col. Bonne's and "I „ ,1 '60
M. Largeteau's observations taken separately - - . J
On the whole then, 9*" 21 "'6 may be assumed as a result
not very likely to be altered a whole tenth of a second, and
very unlikely to be altered to twice that extent, by future
determinations.
J. F. W. HERSCHEL,
Xx>ndon, November 2, 1825,
C 127 3
IX. Observations on the poison of the common toad. By John
Davy, M. D. F. R. S,
Read December 22, 1825.
Xn every country in which this animal is found, it is con-
sidered poisonous by the common people ; and the opinion
may be traced back to a very remote antiquity. Of late
years the notion has been rejected by the professed naturalist,
and placed in the number of vulgar prejudices. Thus,
M. CuviER speaking of the common toad, remarks: " Ce
sont des animaux d'une forme hideuse, d6goutante, que Ton
accuse mal-a-propos d'etre venimeux par leur salive, leur
morsure leur urine, et meme par Thumeur qu'il transpirent."
In this, as in some other instances, the common and long
received opinion is w^ell founded, and that of the philosopher
hastily and erroneously formed.
The poison of the common toad, I find, is seated chiefly
in the integuments, in follicles in the cutis vera, beneath the
cuticle and the coloured rete mucosum. These follicles are
largest and most numerous near the shoulders, and about
the neck of the animal ; yet they are very generally distri-
buted, and even on the extremities. Pressure being applied
to the skin, a yellowish thick fluid exudes, and occasionally
spurts to a considerable distance. It may be collected with
ease in sufficient quantity for examination. It possesses, I
• Le regne animal distribue d'apres son organisation ; torn, il p. 94. Paris, 181 7.
128 Dr. Davy's observations on the
have ascertained, the following properties. The greater
part of it is soluble in alcohol and water. The aqueous
solution is slightly viscid, and does not pass readily through
a common philter. It is not precipitated by acetate of lead ;
and its transparency is very slightly impaired by corrosive
sublimate. The substance obtained by evaporation, both
from the aqueous and alcoholic solution, is light yellow, and
transparent ; has a faint and peculiar smell different from
that of the toad, and it is slightly bitter, and very acrid,
acting on the tongue like the extract of aconite prepared in
vacuo, and even occasioning a smarting sensation when
applied to the skin of the hand, and its effect lasts two or
three hours. When heated, it readily melts, burns with a
bright flame, and does not emit an ammoniacal odour. It is
neither acid or alkaline, judging from its not changing the
colour of litmus or turmeric paper. Caustic ammonia dis-
solves it ; the solution remains acrid. Nitric acid also
dissolves it ; the solution is of a purple colour ; neutralized
by an alkali it is less acrid, as if partially decomposed. The
small portion of the fluid, not soluble either in water or
alcohol, and to which it owes its consistence, is probably a
variety of albumen ; and its appearance when burning would
seem to warrant this idea.
Though this fluid of the toad is more acrid than the poisoi>
of the most venemous snakes, I do not find that it has any in-v
jurious, and much less fatal effect, when absorbed and carried
into the circulation. A chicken punctured with a lancet
dipped in it, received no inj ury : and in confirmation of this
statement I may remark, that though, as already observed,
it abounds chiefly in the integuments, it is not confined to
poison of the common toad. 129
them ; 1 have detected it in a notable quantity in the bile, in
a minute quantity in the viscid fluid lubricating the tongue,
and also in the urine, and even in the blood.
Reflecting on the use w^hich this fluid may.be of to the
toad, it has occurred to me that it may answer two purposes,
and these of importance to this abhorred but innocent
reptile.
As the external surface of the skin is smeared with this
" sweltered venom '' (the very appropriate epithet given it
by our great dramatic poet), it must serve to defend it
against the attacks of carnivorous animals : " a toad to eat "
is a proverbial expression well known ; and the facts adduced
show its propriety and force. I may here add, that nature
has given this animal an additional security against attack, in
providing it with integuments of great thickness, and strength,
and hardness ; which last-mentioned quality is imparted by
a layer of cutis almost analogous to bone, immediately under
the rete mucosum, abounding in phosphate and carbonate of
lime, and carbonate of magnesia, semi-transparent, and yet
so firm that it is not easily cut.
As the fluid contains a substance which is very inflamma-
ble, and as it may be considered excrementitious, though the
blood is very slightly impregnated with it, it may serve to
separate a portion of carbon from the blood ; and thus in its
formation be auxiliary to the function of the lungs. In sup-
port of this idea, I may remark, that I find the pulmonary
arteries of the toad are each divided into two branches, one
of which goes to its respective lung, and the other, very
little smaller, to the cutis, between the head and shoulder,
on each side, and is extensively ramified where the largest
MDCCCXXVI. S
130 Dr. Davy's observations on the
venom-follicles are situated, and where there is a plexus of
veins of great size, as if intended for a reservoir of blood.
This last-mentioned peculiarity of structure, and the situa-
tion of it, corresponding to the site of the gills of the tadpole,
would seem to indicate, that the sub-cutaneous distribution
of the second branch of the pulmonary artery, may aid the
lungs farther in their office by bringing the blood to the
surface to be acted on by atmospheric air.
I have endeavoured to ascertain if there is any direct com-
munication by spiracula through the integuments. The
results I have obtained have been negative. I have intro-
duced air through a small incision, by means of a forcing
syringe, under the loose skin, also into the cavity of the
abdomen, and into the lungs by the superior glottis. The
air has been very much compressed under water, yet it has
been completely confined, not the smallest bubble having
been forced through the skin, or the lungs.
When dried, the skin of the toad exhibits two kinds of
pores ; one kind, few in number, confined to the two tube-
rosities over the shoulders, sufficiently large to admit a hog's
bristle ; the other kind, very numerous, scattered over the
whole surface, and very minute. They are both of them
best seen by holding the skin between the eye and a strong
light; the smallest appears as luminous points of a yellow
hue ; the largest as indistinct circles. Both are covered
externally with transparent cuticle, and internally by a deli-
cate surface of cellular tissue ; some of the largest are also
covered with rete mucosum ; the smallest appears to be
destitute of this membrane.
poison of the common toad. 131
Whether these apparent pores are the medium of com-
municating between the blood in the sub-cutaneous capillary
vessels, and the atmosphere ; or, whether they are merely
the cutaneous apparatus of secretion and exudation, it is
difficult to determine ; it is not improbable th^t they perform
both functions.
Corfu, September 15 th, 18*5.
C 132 3
X. On the magnetizing power of the more refrangible solar rays.
By Mrs, M. Somerville. Communicated by W, Somerville,
M. D. F. R, S, Feb, 2. 1836.
Read February 2, 1826.
Xn the year 1813, Professor Morichini of Rome discovered
that steel, exposed to the violet rays of the solar spectrum,
becomes magnetic. His experiments were repeated by Pro-
fessor CoNFiGLiACHi at Pavia, and also by Mons. Berard,
at Montpellier, without success. I am not aware of any
one having attempted them in this country, perhaps from
the belief that experiments which had sometimes failed
in Italy, were not likely to succeed in our more northern
climate. The unusual clearness of the weather last summer,
however, induced me to try what could be accomplished in
this country. Accordingly, in the month of July, an equi-
angular prism of flint glass, the three sides of which were
each 1,4 by 1,1 inches, was fixed in a slit made to receive it
in a window-shutter : by this prism a coloured spectrum was
thrown on an opposite panel, at the distance of about five
feet. I used for the subject of experiment, a very slender
sewing needle an inch long, having previously ascertained
that it was quite free from magnetism, by repeated exposure
of both ends of it to the north and south pole of a very sen-
sible magnetic needle, when it was found equally to attract
either pole in every instance. The magnetic needle employed
as a test in this experiment, is made of a sewing needle mag-
Mrs, M. SoMERViLLE on the magnetizing power, &c, 133
netised, and run through a small piece of cork, into which a
conical cap of glass is inserted ; the whole traverses on the
point of a needle fixed perpendicularly in a stand.
I had no information at this time of the manner in which
Professor Morichini had conducted his experiments ; but it
occurred to me that it was not likely that if the whole of the
needle were equally exposed to the violet rays, the same
influence should, at the same time, produce a south pole at
one end of it, and a north pole at the other. I therefore
covered half of the needle with paper, and fixed it to the
panel with wax, between ten and eleven in the morning, in
such a position that the uncovered part of it should be exposed
to the violet rays. The needle was placed in a vertical plane,
nearly perpendicular to the magnetic meridian, and inclined
to the horizon. As I had not a heliostat, it was neces-
sary to move the needle in a direction parallel to itself, to
keep the exposed portion of it constantly in the violet ray.
The sun was bright at the time, and in less than two hours
I had the gratification to find that the end of the needle
which had been exposed to the violet rays attracted the
south pole of the magnetic needle, and repelled the north
pole. It had been previously ascertained that there was no
iron near to disturb the results. The experiment was also
repeated on the same day, under precisely similar circum-
stances, with the view of detecting any source of error that
might have escaped observation in a first attempt ; but the
result was the same as in the first.
The season was so favourable that it afforded me daily
opportunity of repeating the experiments, varying the size
of the needles, always taking especial care to ascertain that
134 Mrs. M. SoMERViLLE on the magnetizing power
they were free from magnetism. The needles were placed
in various directions in the plane of the magnetic meridian^
sometimes in the angle of the dip, sometimes perpendicular
to the magnetic meridian, and also at various angles with
regard to it. In some cases the heads of the needles were
exposed in place of the points, to the violet rays. Perhaps it
might have been expected that the influence would have
been greater in those instances in which the needles were
placed in the plane of the magnetic meridian, and at the
angle of the dip ; and, consequently, polarity might have
been expected to take place in a shorter time under these
circumstances ; yet in fact there seemed to be no difference ;
most of the needles became magnetic, some in longer, others
in shorter periods, varying from about half an hour to four
hours, but depending on circumstances which I have not yet
been able to detect, further than that a number of results
induced me to believe, that the experiments were more suc-
cessful from ten to twelve, or one o'clock, than later in the
day. The portion of the needle exposed was almost always
a north pole, whether it pointed upwards or downwards. In
a few instances in which the contrary occurred, it may possi-
bly have arisen from some previous disposition in the needle
to magnetism, too shght to be observed.
The distance of the needle from the prism was frequently
varied by fixing the needle to the wooden pole of a fire-
screen, but without material variation in the effect. I found
it unnecessary to darken the room ; it was sufficient to place
the prism so as throw the spectrum on any place out of the
sun's rays.
My next object was to endeavour to ascertain whether any
of the more refrangible solar rays, 135
other of the more refrangible rays had the same property
as the violet. A set of needles carefully examined as before,
were therefore subjected to the different rays of the solar spec-
trum ; the needles exposed to blue and green rays, sometimes
acquired the magnetic property, though less frequently, and
requiring longer exposure than when the violet rays were
used; but the magnetism seemed to be equally strong in
these as in the examples of the violet rays. The part exposed
became a north pole. The indigo rays succeeded almost as
well as the violet.
Pieces of clock and watch spring were next tried, under
the idea that they might, possibly from their blue colour, be
more susceptible of magnetic influence, and it was the case;
their greater extent of surface however, or their softness,
may have contributed to this susceptibility. The pieces of
spring were from tv*^o to three inches long, and from the
eighth to the half of an inch broad. It was difficult to procure
watch and clock spring free from magnetism ; it even hap-
pened on one occasion, that although the roll of spring was
neutral, the pieces into which it was cut became magnetic ;
in one instance the pieces were heated so as to deprive them
of magnetism and colour; they then required longer expo-
sure to the rays in order to acquire polarity. Large bodkins
were exposed to the violet rays without effect, the mass per-
haps being too great. When needles already magnetic were
tried, their magnetism was increased. Dr. Wollaston was
so kind as to lend me a very large lens, having its centre
covered with paper, which he had used in his investigations
respecting the chemical rays. The lens concentrated the
violet rays, and produced a magnetic effect in a shorter time
1S6 Mrs. M. SoMERViLLE on the magnetizing power
than the prism ; but the rapid motion of the sun made it
difficult to keep the needle in the focus. The effect was pro-
duced with equal facility by throwing the spectrum on the
floor of the room ; but success could not always be depended
upon even when the weather seemed most favourable.
I now made the following experiments with blue glass.
Three needles free from magnetism, having one half covered
with paper, were laid horizontally on the stone outside of a
south window, under a dark blue glass coloured by cobalt,
in a very hot sun ; after remaining in this position between
three and four hours, they were found to have become feebly
magnetic, the uncovered part being a north pole. On exa-
mining these needles the following day, they had lost their
magnetism, a circumstance which had not before occurred,
though it was observed sometimes to take place afterwards,
as the force of the sun diminished from the advance of the
season. There was no iron near, and the magnetic needle
when placed on various parts of the stone, showed no mag-
netic influence in it. Next day the experiment was repeated
with this difference, that the needles were left exposed to the
sun, under the blue glass, six hours ; and then the needles
had not only acquired very sensible magnetism, but still
retain it, at the distance of nearly six months. Pieces of
clock spring, which had been heated as formerly mentioned,
also became magnetic under the blue glass.
I was desirous of ascertaining whether this kind of glass
suffered the chemical rays to pass, and thereby occasion
these changes in the steel, therefore I employed a liquid hold-
ing muriate of silver in suspension, as a test, in the following
manner: a piece of writing paper dipped in the liquid was
of the more refrangible solar rays. 137
cut into two equal parts, of which one was placed under the
blue glass, and the other under a white glass, as nearly at
the same time as possible ; but the one did not become black
sooner than the other ; nor on comparing them could any
difference be perceived in intensity of colour, both having
been equally exposed to the chemical rays. The experiment
was repeated with the same result.
On the 26th of August, the thermometer at noon being
es"", two neutral pieces of clock spring were exposed to the
sun, one under a thicker piece of the same blue glass, as in
the former experiment, and the other under green glass ;
both acquired polarity.
31st of August, the thermometer at noon 68®. Having
thus succeeded in producing magnetism under the circum-
stances described, I next tried the effect of exposing neutral
pieces of clock spring to the sun, enveloped in violet and
green silk. The half of each was covered with paper as
before, and the pieces of spring then wrapped, one in green,-
and the other in violet-coloured ribbon, were fixed to the
inside of a pane of glass in a window, where they were left
exposed to the sun all day ; in the evening both had become
magnetic, although they were two of the pieces of spring
already said to have acquired polarity more slowly from
having been heated ; and as before, the parts exposed to the
sun under the ribbon were north poles.
To learn if heat had any share in producing magnetism jn
this case, I exposed three pieces of the same steel to a bright
sunshine, on the 1st of September, the thermometer at noon
being at 70° : one half of each was covered with paper, but
MDCCCXXVI. T
Xy
158 Mrs. M. Somerville on the magnetizing power
the Mher half had neither glass nor ribbon over it ; and
althoiagh the heat was greater than on the preceding day, no
itiagnetism was produced.
On the 2d of September, thermometer at noon 68**, a
^iece of neutral white steel acquired polarity from exposure
to the sun, enveloped in green ribbon, one half being covered
with paper as before.
Oh the 3d of Septertiber, thermometer at noon 68°, two
pieces of neutral spring became magnetic, one exposed in a
violet-coloured ribbon, and the other in blue glass, while
a similar piece of spring was in no way affected by exposure
to white light : the half of each was covered with paper.
?' September the 4th, thermometer at noon 68**, five large
seiwirtg needles, two inches long, were exposed to the sun's
rays, one in blue glass, one in green glass, one in violet
ribbon, one in green ribbon, and one in white light ; the half
of each was covered with paper. Of all these two only
became magnetic, namely, those in the blue glass, and in
the violet ribbon.
' 'On the 2oth of September, thermometer at 69^*^ I placed
pieces of steel enveloped in violet and green ribbon, and
Under glass of various colours, in different positions with
regard to the magnetic meridian and dip. Several acquired
polarity, the uncovered part being the north pole. A piece
of steel became more strongly magnetic than usual, exposed
in green ribbon, the position of which had been perpendicular
tb t!he horizon, and nearly in the magnetic meridian. For
Sdme time I still obtained similar results, though the mag-
netism became more feeble as the season advanced, from the
of the more refrangible solar rays. isd
diminished force of the sun, in consequence of which further
experiments were deferred till the return of summer shall
afford me an opportunity of continuing them.
From the results which have been stated, I am induced to
believe that the more refrangible rays of the solar spectrum
have a magnetic influence even in this country.
"^^ [[ 140 3
XL On the mutual action of sulphuric acid and naphthaline, and
on a new acid produced. By M. Faraday, F. R. S. Cor-
responding Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences y ^c. &c.
Communicated January 12, 1826.
Read February 16, 1826.
In a Paper on new compounds of carbon and hydrogen, lately
honoured by the Royal Society with a place in the Philoso-
phical Transactions, I had occasion briefly to notice, the
peculiar action exerted on certain of those compounds by
sulphuric acid. During my attempts to ascertain more
minutely the general nature of this action, I was led to sus-
pect the occasional combination of the hydro-carbonaceous
matter with the acid, and even its entrance into the constitu-
tion of the salts, which the acid afterwards formed with bases.
Although this opinion proved incorrect, relative to the pecu-
liar hydro-carbons forming the subject of that Paper, yet it
led to experiments upon analogous bodies, and amongst
others, upon naphthaline, which terminated in the production
of the new acid body and salts now to be described.
Some of the results obtained by the use of the oil gas
products are very peculiar. If, when completed, I find them
sufficiently interesting, I shall think it my duty to place
them before the Royal Society, as explicatory of that action
of sulphuric acid which was briefly noticed in my last Paper.
Most authors who have had occasion to describe naph-
thaline, have noticed its habitudes with sulphuric acid.
Afr. Faraday on the mutual action of sulphuric acidy ^c. 141
Mr. Brands, several years since,* stated that naphthaline
dissolved in heated sulphuric acid " in considerable abund-
ance, forming a deep violet coloured solution, which bears
diluting with water without decomposition. The alkalies
produce in this solution a white flaky precipitate, and if
diluted the mixture becomes curiously opalescent, in conse-
quence of the separation of numerous small flakes." The
precipitate by alkali was probably one of the salts to be
hereafter described.
Dr. KiDD observes, -f that " it blackens sulphuric acid when
boiled with it ; the addition of water to the mixture having
no -other effect than to dilute the colour, neither does any
precipitation take place upon saturating the acid with am-
monia.''
Mr. Chamberlain states, J that sulphuric acid probably
decomposes naphthaline, for that it holds but a very small
quantity in solution. The true interpretation of these facts
and statements will be readily deduced from the following
experimental details.
1. Production and properties of the new acid formed from
sulphuric acid and naphthaline.
Naphthaline, which had been almost entirely freed from
naphtha by repeated sublimation and pressure, was pulve-
rised ; about one part with three or four parts by weight of
cold sulphuric acid were put into a bottle, well shaken, and
left for 36 hours. The mixture then contained a tenacious
* Quarterly Journal of Science , viii. 289, 18 19.
f Philosophical Transactions, 1 821, p. 216.
J Annals of Philosophy, N. S. vi. p. 136, 1823.
142 Mr. Faraday on the mutual action of sulphuric acid
deep red fluid, and a crystalline solid ; it had no odour of
sulphurous acid. Water being added, all the liquid and part
of the solid was dissolved ; a few fragments of naphthaline
were left, but the greater part was retained in solution. The
diluted fluid being filtered was of a light brown tint, trans-
parent, and of an acid and bitter taste.
^^ For the purpose of combining as much naphthaline as
possible with the sulphuric acid, 700 grains, with 520 grains
of oil of vitriol were warmed in a Florence flask until
entirely fluid, and were well shaken for about 30 minutes.
The mixture was red ; and the flask being covered up and
left to cool, was found after some hours to contain, at the
bottom, a little brownish fluid, strongly acid, the rest of the
contents having solidified into a highly crystalline mass.
The cake was removed, and its lower surface having been
cleaned, it was put into another Florence flask with 300 grains
more of naphthaline, the whole melted and well shaken toge-
ther, by which a uniform mixture was obtained ; but opaque
and dingy in colour. It was now poured into glass tubes, in
which it could be retained and examined without contact of
air. In these the substance was observed to divide into two
portions, which could easily be distinguished from each other,
whilst both were retained in the fluid state. The heavier
portion was in the largest quantity ; it was of a deep red
colour, opaque in tubes half an inch in diameter, but in small
tubes could be seen through by a candle, or sun light, and
appeared perfectly clear. The upper portion was also of a
deep red colour, but clear, and far more transparent than the
lower : the line of separation very defined. On cooling the
tubes, the lighter substance first sofidified, and after some
and naphthaline, and on a new acid produced. 14S
time the heavier substance also became solid. In this state,
whilst in the tube, they could with great difficulty be distin-
guished from each other.
These two substances were separated, and being put into
tubes, were further purified by being left in a state of repose
at temperatures above their fusing points, so as to allow of
separation ; and when cold, the lower part of the lighter
substance, and the upper, as well as the lower part of the
heavier substance, were set aside for further purification.
The heavier substance was a red crystalline solid, soft to
the nail like a mixture of wax and oil. Its specific gravity
was from 1.3 to 1.4, varying in different specimens ; its taste
sour, bitter, and somewhat metallic. When heated in a tube,
it fused, forming as before a clear but deep red fluid. Further
heat decomposed it, naphthaline, sulphurous acid, charcoal,
&c. being produced. When heated in the air it burnt with
much flame. Exposed to air it attracted moisture rapidly,
became brown and damp upon the surface, and developed a
coat of naphthaline. It dissolved entirely in alcohol, forming
a brown solution. When rubbed in water a portion of naph-
thaline separated, amounting to 27 per cent, and a brown
acid solution was obtained. This was found by experiments
to contain a peculiar acid mixed with a little free sulphuric
acid, and it may conveniently be called the impure acid.
The lighter substance was much harder than the former,
and more distinctly crystalline. It was of a dull red colour,
easily broken down in a mortar, the powder being nearly
white, and adhesive like naphthaline. It was highly sapid,
being acid, bitter, and astringent. When heated in a tube it
melted, forming a clear red fluid, from which by a continued
144 Mr. Faraday on the mutual action of
heat much colourless naphthaline sublimed, and a black acid
substance was left, which at a high temperature gave sul-
phurous acid and charcoal. "When heated in the air it took
fire and burnt like naphthaline. Being rubbed in a mortar
with water, a very large portion of it proved to be insoluble ;^
this was naphthaline ; and on filtration the solution contained
the peculiar acid found to exist in the heavier substance , con-
taminated with very little sulphuric acid. More minute
examination proved that this lighter substance in its fluid state
was a solution of a small quantity of the dry peculiar acid in
naphthaline ; and that the heavier substance was an union of
the peculiar acid in large quantity with water, free sulphuric
acid, and naphthaline.
It was easy by diminishing the proportion of naphthaline
to make the whole of it soluble, so that when water was
added to the first result of the experiment, nothing separated;
and the solution was found to contain sulphuric acid with
the pecuhar acid. But reversing the proportions, no excess
of naphthaline was competent, at least in several hours, to
cause the entire disappearance of the sulphuric acid. When
the experiment was carefully made with pure naphthaline,
and either at common, or slightly elevated temperatures, no
sulphurous acid appeared to be formed, and the action seemed
to consist in a simple union of the concentrated acid and the
hydro-carbon.
Hence it appears, that when concentrated sulphuric acid
and naphthaline are brought into contact at common, or mo-
derately elevated temperatures, a peculiar compound of sul-
phuric acid with the elements of the naphthaline is produced,
which possesses acid properties ; and as this exists in large
and naphthaline y and on a new acid produced, 145
quantity in the heavier of the bodies above described, that
product may conveniently be called the impure solid acid.
The experiments made v^^ith it, and the mode of obtaining
the pure acid from it, are now to be described.
Upon applying heat and agitation to a mixture of one
volume of v^ater, and five volumes of impure solid acid, the
v^^ater was taken up to the exclusion of nearly the whole of
the free naphthaline present ; the latter separating in a co-
lourless state from the red hydrated acid beneath it. As the
temperature of the acid diminished, crystallization in tufts
commenced here and there, and ultimately the whole became
a brownish yellow sohd. A sufficient addition of water dis-
solved nearly the whole of this hydrated acid, a few flakes
only of naphthaline separating.
A portion of the impure acid in solution was evaporated
at a moderate temperature ; when concentrated, it gradually
assumed a light brown tint. In this state it became solid on
cooling, of the hardness of cheese, and was very deliquescent.
By further heat it melted, then fumed, charred, &c. and
gave evidence of the abundant presence of carbonaceous
matter.
Some of the impure acid in solution was neutralized by
potash, during which no naphthaline or other substance
separated. The solution being concentrated until ready to
yield a film on its surface, was set aside whilst hot to crys-
tallize : after some hours the solution was filled with minute
silky crystals, in tufts, which gave the whole, when stirred,
not the appearance of mixed solid salt and liquid, but that of
a very strong solution of soap. The agitation also caused
the sudden solidification of so much more salt, that the whole
MDCCCXXVI. U
146 Mr. Faraday on the mutual action of sulphuric acid
became solid, and felt like a piece of soft soap. The salt
when dried had no resemblance to sulphate of potash. When
heated in the air, it burnt with a dense flame, leaving com-
mon sulphate of potash, mixed with some sulphuret of
potassum, resulting from the action of the carbon, &c. upon
the salt.
Some of the dry salt was digested in alcohol to separate
common sulphate of potash. The solution being filtered
and evaporated, gave a white salt soluble in water and alco-
hol, crystaUine, neutral, burning in the air with much flame,
and leaving sulphate of potash. It was not precipitated by
nitrate of lead, muriate of baryta, or nitrate of silver.
It was now evident that an acid had been formed peculiar
in its nature and composition, and producing with bases
peculiar salts. In consequence of the solubility of its barytic
salt, the following process for the preparation of the pure
acid was adopted.
A specimen of native carbonate of baryta was selected,
and its purity ascertained. It was then pulverized, and
rubbed in successive portions with a quantity of the impure
acid in solution, until the latter was perfectly neutralized,
during which the slight colour of the acid was entirely
removed. The solution was found to contain the peculiar
barytic salt. Water added to the solid matter dissolved out
more of the salt ; and ultimately only carbonate and sulphate
of baryta, mixed with a little of another barytic salt, remained.
The latter salt being much less soluble in water than the
former, was not removed so readily by lixiviation, and was
generally found to be almost entirely taken up by the last
portions of water applied with heat.
\)\ih ^^d naphthaline, and on a new acid produced. 147
The barytic salt in solution was now very carefully de-
composed, by successive additions of sulphuric acid, until all
the baryta was separated, no excess of sulphuric acid being
permitted. Being filtered, a pure aqueous solution of the
peculiar acid was obtained. It powerfully reddened litmus
paper, and had a bitter acid taste. Being evaporated to a
certain degree, a portion of it was subjected to the continued
action of heat ; when very concentrated it began to assume
a brown colour, and on cooling became thick, and ultimately
solid, and was very deliquescent. By renewed heat it melted,
then began to fume, charred, but did not flame ; and ulti-
mately gave sulphuric and sulphurous acid vapours, and left
charcoal.
Another portion of the unchanged strong acid solution
was placed over sulphuric acid in an exhausted receiver. In
some hours it had by concentration become a soft white
solid, apparently dry ; and after a longer period was hard
and brittle. In this state it was deliquescent in the air, but
in close vessels underwent no change in several months. Its
taste was bitter, acid, and accompanied by an after metallic
flavour, like that of cupreous salts. When heated in a tube
at temperatures below 212°, it melted without any other
change, and on being allowed to cool, crystaUized from
centres, the whole ultimately becoming solid. When more
highly heated, water at first passed off, and the acid assumed
a slight red tint ; but no sulphurous acid was as yet pro-
duced, nor any charring occasioned ; and a portion being
dissolved and tested by muriate of baryta, gave but a very
minute trace of free sulphuric acid. In this state it was
probably anhydrous. Further heat caused a little naphthaline
1 48 Mr, Faraday on the mutual action of sulphuric acid
to rise, the red colour became deep brown, and then a sudden
action commenced at the bottom of the tube, which spread
over the whole, and the acid became black and opaque.
Continuing the heat, naphthahne, sulphurous acid, and char-
coal were evolved ; but even after some time the residuum
examined by water and carbonate of baryta, was found to
contain a portion of the peculiar acid undecomposed, unless
the temperature had been raised to redness.
These facts establish the peculiarity of this acid, and dis-
tinguish it from all others. In its solid state it is generally
a hydrate containing much combustible matter. It is readily
soluble in water and alcohol, and its solutions forms neutral
salts with bases, all of which are soluble in water, most of
them in alcohol, and all combustible, leaving sulphates or
sulphurets according to circumstances. It dissolves in naph-
thaline, oil of turpentine, and olive oil, in greater or smaller
quantities, according as it contains less or more water. As
a hydrate, when it is almost insoluble in naphthaline, it
resembles the heavier substance obtained as before described,
by the action of sulphuric acid on naphthaline, and which is
the solid hydrated acid, containing a little naphthaline, and
some free sulphuric acid ; whilst the lighter substance is a
solution of the dry acid in naphthaline ; the water present
in the oil of vitriol originally used being sufficient to cause a
separation of a part, but not of the whole.
2. Salts formed by the peculiar acid with bases.
These compounds may be formed, either by acting on the
bases or their carbonates by the pure acid, obtained as already
described; or the impure acid in solution may be used.
and naphthaline, and on a new acid produced. 149
the salts resulting being afterwards freed from sulphates, by
solution in alcohol. It is however proper to mention that
another acid, composed of the same elements, is at the same
time formed with the acid in question, in small, but variable
proportions. The impure acid used, therefore, should be
examined as to the presence of this body, in the way to be
directed when speaking of the barytic salts ; and such
specimens as contain very little or none of it should be
selected.
Potash forms with the acid a neutral salt, soluble in water
and alcohol, forming colourless solutions. These yield either
transparent or white pearly crystals, which are soft, slightly
fragile, feel slippery between the fingers, do not alter by
exposure to air, and are bitter and saline to the taste. They
are not very soluble in water ; but they undergo no change
by repeated solutions and crystallizations, or by long conti-
nued ebullition. The solutions frequently yield the salt in
acicular tufts, and they often vegetate, as it were, by spon-
taneous evaporation, the salt creeping over the sides of the
vessel, and running to a great distance in very beautiful
forms. The solid salt heated in a tube gave off a little
water, then some naphthaline ; after that a little carbonic and
sulphurous acid gases arose, and a black ash remained, con-
taining carbon, sulphate of potash, and sulphuret of potas-
sium. When the salt was heated on platinum foil, in the
air, it burnt with a dense flame, leaving a slightly alkaline
sulphate of potash.
Soda yields a salt, in most properties resembling that of
potash ; crystalline, white, pearly, and unaltered in the air.
150 Mr. Faraday on the mutual action of sulphuric acid
I thought that, in it, the metallic taste which frequently
occurred with this acid and its compounds was very decided.
The action of heat was the same as before.
Ammonia formed a neutral salt imperfectly crystalline, not
deliquescent, but drying in the atmosphere. Its taste was
saline and cooling. It was readily soluble in water and
alcohol. When heated on platinum foil it fused, blackened,
burnt with flame, and left a carbonaceous acid sulphate of
ammonia, which by further heat was entirely dissipated. Its
general habits were those ' of ammoniacal salts. When its
solutions, though previously rendered alkaline, were evapo-
rated to dryness at common temperatures, and exposed to
air, the salt became strongly acid to litmus paper. This
however is a property common to all soluble ammoniacal
salts, I believe, without exception.
Baryta. It is easy by rubbing carbonate of baryta with
solution of the impure acid, to obtain a perfectly neutral
solution, in which the salt of baryta, containing the acid already
described, is very nearly pure. There is in all cases an
undissolved portion, which being washed repeatedly in small
quantities of hot water, yields to the first portions a salt,
the same as that in the solution. As the washings proceed,
it is found, that the salt obtained does not burn with so much
flame on platina foil, as that at first separated ; and the fifth
or sixth washing will perhaps separate only a little of a salt,
which when heated in the air, in small quantities, burns
without flame in the manner of tinder. Hence it is evident
that there are two compounds of baryta, which as they are
both soluble in water, both neutral, and both combustible,
and naphthaline y and on a new acid produced. 151
leaving sulphate of baryta, differ probably only in the quan-
tity of combustible matter present, or its mode of combina-
tion in the acid.
It is this circumstance, of the formation of a second salt in
small but variable quantities With, the first, which must be
guarded against, as before mentioned, in the preparation of
salts from the impure acid. It varies in quantity according
to the proportions of materials, and the heat employed ; and
I have thought that, when the naphthaline has been in large
quantity, and the temperature low% the smallest quantity is
produced. When the impure acid is used for the preparation
of the salts now under description, a small portion of it
should be examined by carbonate of baryta, as above, and
rejected, if it furnish an important quantity of the flameless
salt.
These bodies may be distinguished from each other provi-
sionally, as the flaming and the glowing salts of baryta, from
their appearances when heated in the air. The latter is more
distinctly crystaUine than the former, and much less soluble,
which enabled me by careful and repeated crystallizations, to
obtain both in their pure states.
The flaming salt (that corresponding to the acid now under
description ) when obtained by the slow evaporation of the
saturated solution, formed tufts, which were imperfectly
crystalline. When drops were allowed to evaporate on a
glass plate, the crystalline character was also perceived ; but
when the salt was deposited rapidly from its hot saturated
solution, it appeared in the form of a soft granular mass.
When dry, it was white and soft, not changing in the atmo-
sphere. It was readily soluble in water and alcohol, but was
152 Mr. Faraday on the mutual action of sulphuric acid
not affected by ether. Its taste was decidedly bitter. When
heated in the air on platinum foil it burnt with a bright
smoky flame, like naphthaline, sending flocculi of carbon
into the atmosphere, and leaving a mixture of charcoal,
sulphuret of barium, and sulphate of baryta.
After being heated to 212° for some time, the salt appeared
to be perfectly dry, and in that state was but very slightly
hygrometric. When heated in a tube naphthaline was
evolved ; but the substance could be retained for hours at a
temperature of 500° F. before a sensible portion of naphtha-
line had separated : a proof of the strength of the affinity by
which. the hydro-carbon was held in combination. When a
higher temperature was applied, the naphthaline, after being
driven off, was followed by a little sulphurous acid, a small
portion of tarry matter, and a carbonaceous sulphate and
sulphuret were left.
This salt was not affected by moderately strong nitric or
nitro-muriatic acid, even when boiled with them ; and no
precipitation of sulphate took place. When the acids were
very strong, peculiar and complicated results were obtained.
When put into an atmosphere of chlorine, at common tem-
peratures, it was not at all affected by it. Heat being applied,
an action between the naphthaline evolved, and chlorine,
such as might be expected, took place.
When a strong solution of the pure acid was poured into
a strong solution of muriate of baryta, a precipitate was
formed, in consequence of the production of this salt. It was
re-dissolved by the addition of water. The fact indicates
that the affinity of this acid for baryta is stronger than that
of muriatic acid.
and naphthaline, and on a new acid produced. 15s
The second, or glowing salt of baryta, was obtained in small
crystalline groups. The crystals were prismatic, colourless,
and transparent : they were almost tasteless, and by no
means so soluble either in hot or cold water as the former
salts. They were soluble in alcohol, and the solutions were
perfectly neutral. When heated on platinum foil they gave
but very little flame, burning more like tinder, and leaving
a carbonaceous mixture of sulphuret and sulphate. When
heated in a tube they gave off a small quantity of naphtha-
line, some empyreumatic fumes, with a little sulphurous
acid, and left the usual product.
This salt seemed formed in largest quantity when one
volume of naphthaline and two volumes of sulphuric acid
were shaken together, at a temperature as high as it could
be without charring the substances. The tint, at first red,
became olive green ; some sulphurous acid was evolved,
and the whole would ultimately have become black and
charred, had it not been cooled before it had proceeded thus
far, and immediately dissolved in water. A solution was
obtained, which though dark itself, yielded, when rubbed
with carbonate of baryta, colourless liquids; and these when
evaporate^ furnished a barytic salt, burning without much
flame, but which was not so crystalline as former specimens.
No attempt to form the glowing salt from the flaming salt
by solution of caustic baryta, succeeded.
Strontia. The compound of this earth with the acid already
described very much resembled the flaming salt of baryta.
When dry it was white, but not distinctly crystalline ; it was
soluble in water and alcohol ; not alterable in the air, but
MDCCCXXVI. X
154 Mr. Faraday on the mutual action of sulphuric acid
when heated burnt with a bright flame, without any red
tinge, and left a result of the usual kind.
Lime gave a white salt of a bitter taste, slightly soluble in
water, soluble in alcohol, the solutions yielding imperfect
crystalline forms on evaporation: it burnt with flame; and
both in the air and in tubes, when heated, gave results
similar to those of the former salts.
Magnesia formed a white salt with a moderately bitter
taste ; crystallizing in favourable circumstances, burning
with flame, and giving such results by the action of heat as
might be expected.
Iron. The metal was acted upon by the acid, hydrogen
being evolved. The moist protoxide being dissolved in the
acid gave a neutral salt capable of crystallization. This by
exposure to air slowly acquired oxygen, and a portion of
per-salt was found.
Zinc was readily acted upon by the acid, hydrogen
evolved, and a salt formed. The same salt resulted from
the action of the acid upon the moist oxide. It was mode-
rately soluble in hot water, the solution on cooling affording
an abundant crop of acicular crystals. The salt was white
and unchangeable in the air ; its taste bitter. It burnt with
flame, and gave the usual results by heat.
Lead. The salt of this metal was white, solid, crystalline,
and soluble in water and alcohol. It had a bitter metallic
taste, with very little sweetness. The results by heat were
such as might be expected.
Manganese. The protoxide of this metal formed a neutral
crystalline salt with the acid. It had a slightly austere taste.
and naphthaline, and on a new acid produced. 165
was soluble in water and alcohol, and was decomposed by
heat, with the general appearances already described.
Copper. Hydrated per-oxide of copper formed an acid
salt with the acid, and the solution evaporated in the air
left radiated crystalline films. The dry salt when heated
fused, burnt with flame, and exhibited the usual appear-
ances.
Nickel. The salt of this metal was made from the moist
carbonate. It was soluble, crystalline, of a green colour, and
decomposed by heat in the usual manner. In one instance
an insoluble sub-salt was formed.
Silver. Moist carbonate of silver dissolved readily in the
acid, and a solution, almost neutral, was quickly obtained.
It was of a brown colour, and a powerful metallic taste. By
evaporation it gave a splendent, white, crystalline salt ; not
changing in the air except when heated ; but then, burning
with flame and ultimately leaving pure silver. When the
solution of the salt was boiled for some time, a black insolu-
ble matter was thrown down, and a solution obtained, which
by evaporation gave abundance of a yellow crystalline salt.
The changes which took place during the action of heat in
the moist way were not minutely examined.
Mercury. Moist proto-carbonate of mercury dissolved in
the acid forming a salt not quite neutral, crystallizing feebly
in the air, white, of a metallic taste, not deliquescent, and
decomposed with various phenomena by heat. By re-solution
in water or alcohol, and heat, a sub-salt of a yellow colour
was formed.
The moist hydrated per-oxide of mercury also dissolved in
the acid, forming an acid solution, which by evaporation
i'56 Mr, Farad aV on the Mui'Ual action of sulphuric acid
gSlv'fe ^ yellowish deliquescent salt, decdiflposed by heat,
burning in the air, and entirely volatile.
3. Analysis of the acid and salts^.
When solution of the pure acid was subjected to the Voltaic
battery, oxygen and hydrogen gases Were evolved in thdr
pure state : no solid matter separated, but the solutibh
became of a deep yellow colour at the positive pole, occa-
sioned by the evolution of fre6 sulphuric acid,' which re-acted
upon the hydro-carbon. A solution of the bai^tic salts gave
similar results.
■ The analytical experiments upon the composition of this
acid and its salts were made principally with the compound
of baryta. This was found to be very constant in composi-
tion, could be obtained anhydrous at moderate temperatures,
and yet sustained a high temperature before it suffered any
change.
A portion of the piite salt was prepared and dried for
some hours on the sand bath, at a'tempei'ature aboiit 212°.
Known weights were then heatied in a platinum crucible fo
dissipate and burn off the combustible matter; and the
residuum being moistened with sulphuric acid to decompose
any sulphuret of barium formed, was heated to convert it
int6 a fiiire sulphate of baryta. The results obtained were
very constant, and amounted to 41.714 of sulphate of baryta
per cent, of salt used, equivalent to 27.57 baryta per cent.
Other portions of the salt were decomposed by being
heated in a flask with strong nitro-muriatic acid, so as to
liberate the sulphuric acid from the carbon and hydrogen
pi-esent, and yet retain it in the state of acid. Muriate of
and naphtfhaline, und on a new acid produced. 157
baryta was then added, the whole evaporated to dryness,
heated red-hot, washed with dilute muriatic acid to remove
the baryta uncombined with sulphuric acid, and the sulphate
collected, dried, and weighed. The results were inconstant;
but the sulphate of baryta obtained, always much surpassed
that furnished by the former method. Judging from this
circumstance that the jsulphuric acid in the salt was more
than an equivalent for the baryta present, many processes
were devised for the determination of its quantity, but were
rejected in consequence of difficulties and imperfections, [aris-
ing, principally, from the presence and action of so much
carbonaceous matter. The following was ultimately adopted.
A quantity of per-oxide of copper was prepared by heating
copper plates in air and scaHng them. A sufficient quantity
of pure muriatic and nitric acids were provided, and also a
specimen of pure native carbonate of baryta. Seven grains
of the salt to be examined were then mixed with seven grains
of the pulverized carbonate of baryta, and afterwards witii
312 grains of the oxide of copper. The mixture being, put
into a glass tube was successively heated throughout its
Onass, the gas liberated being passed through a mixture of
baryta water and solution of muriate of baryta. It was found
that no sulphurous or sulphuric acids came off', or indeed
sulphur in any state. The contents of the tube were then
dissolved in an excess of nitric and muriatic acids, above that
required to take up all that was soluble ; and a little solution
of muriate of baryta was added for the sake of greater
certainty. A portion of sulphate of baryta remained undis-
solved, equivalent to the sulphuric acid of the salt experi-
mented upon, with that containedaccidentally in the oxide of
158 Mr, Faraday on the mutual action of sulphuric acid
copper acids, &c. This sulphate was collected, washed, dried
and weighed. Similar quantities of the carbonate of baryta
and oxide of copper were then dissolved in as much of the
nitric and muriatic acids as was used in the former experi-
ment ; and the washings and other operations being repeated
exactly in the same way, the quantity of sulphate of baryta
occasioned by the presence of sulphuric acid in the oxide,
acids, &c. was determined. This, deducted from the weight
afforded in the first experiments, gave the quantity produced
from the sulphuric acid actually existing in the salt. Expe-
riments so conducted gave very uniform results. The mean
of many, indicated 8.9 grains of sulphate of baryta for 10
grains of salt used, or 89 grains per cent, equivalent to
SO. 17 of sulphuric acid for every 100 of salt decomposed.
In the analytical experiments, relative to the quantity of
carbon and hydrogen contained in the salt, a given weight
of the substance being mixed with per-oxide of copper, was
heated in a green glass tube. The apparatus used consisted
of Mr. Cooper's lamp furnace, with Dr. Prout's mercurial
trough ; and all the precautions that could be taken, and
which are now well known, were adopted for the purpose of
obtaining accurate results. When operated upon in this
way, the only substances evolved from the salt, were car-
bonic acid and water. As an instance of the results, s-S
grains of the salt aflforded 11.74 cubic inches of carbonic acid
gas, and 0.9 of a grain of water. The mean of several
experiments gave 32.93 cubic inches of carbonic acid gas,
and 2.589 grains of water, for every 10 grains of salt
decomposed.
On these data, 100 grains of the salt would yield 329.3
and naphthaline, and on a new acid produced. 159
cubic inches of carbonic acid, or 153.46 grains, equivalent to
41.9 grains of carbon, and 25.89 grains of water, equivalent
to 2.877 grains of hydrogen. Hence 100 grains of the salt
yielded
Baryta - - 27.57 - - 78
Sulphuric acid - 30.17 - - 85.35
Carbon - - 41.90 - 118.54
Hydrogen - 2,877 - - 8.13
102.517
In the second numerical column the experimental results are
repeated, but increased, that baryta might be taken in the
quantity representing one proportional, hydrogen being unity:
and it will be seen that they do not differ far from the follow-
ing theoretical statement.
Baryta - 1 proportional - 78
Sulphuric acid 2 ditto - - - 80
Carbon - 20 ditto - - 120
Hydrogen - 8 ditto - - 8
The quantity of sulphuric acid differs most importantly from
the theoretical statement, and it probably is that element of
the salt, in the determination of which most errors are
involved. The quantity of oxide of copper and of acids
required to be used in that part of the analysis, may have
introduced errors, affecting the small quantity of salt em-
ployed, which when multiplied, as in the deduction of the
numbers above relative to 100 parts, may have created an
error of that amount.
As there is no reason to suppose that during the combina-
tion of the acid with the baryta any change in its proportions
i6o Mr, Faraday on the mutual action of sulphuric acid
takes place, the results above, minus the baryta, will repre*
sent its composition : from which it would appear, that one
proportional of the acid consists of two proportionals of sul-
phuric acid, twenty of carbon, and eight of hydrogen ; these
constituents forming an acid equivalent in saturating power
to one proportional of other acids. Hence it would seem,
that half the sulphuric acid present, at least when in combi-
nation, is neutralized by the hydro-carbon ; or, to speak in
more general terms, that the hydro-carbon has diminished
the saturating power of the sulphuric acid to one half. This
very curious and interesting fact in chemical affinity was
however made known to me by Mr. Hennell of Apothecaries'
Hall, as occurring in some other compounds of sulphuric
acid and hydro-carbon, before I had completed the analysis
of the present acid and salts ; and a similar circumstance is
known with regard to muriatic acid, in the curious com-
pound discovered by M. Kind, which it forms with oil of
turpentine. Mr. Hennell is I believe on the point of offering
an account of his experiments to the Royal Society, and as
regards date they precede mine.
It may be observed, that the existence of sulphuric acid in
the new compounds, is assumed, rather than proved ; and
that the non-appearance of sulphurous acid, when sulphuric
acid and naphthaline act on each other, is not conclusive as
to the non-reaction of the bodies. It is possible that part of
the hydrogen of the naphthaline may take oxygen from one
of the proportions of the sulphuric acid, leaving the hypo-
sulphuric acid of Welter and Gay Lussac, which with the
hydro-carbon may constitute the new acid. I have not time
at present to pursue these refinements of the subject, or to
and naphthaline y and on a new acid produced. 161
repeat the analyses which have been made of naphthahne,
and which would throw light upon the question. Such a
view would account for a part of the overplus in weight, but
not for the excess of the sulphuric acid obtained, above two
proportionals.
The glowing salt of baryta was now analysed by a process
similar to that adopted for the flaming salt. The specimen
operated upon was pure, and in a distinctly crystalline state.
It had been heated to about 440° F. for three hours in a
metallic bath. Ten grains of this salt exposed to air for 40
hours increased only 0.08 of a grain in weight. These when
converted into sulphate of baryta by heat and sulphuric acid,
gave 4.24 grains. Seven grains by carbonate of baryta,
oxide of copper, heat, &c. gave 6.02 grains of sulphate of
baryta : hence 10 grains of the salt would have afforded 8.6
grains of the sulphate equivalent to 2.915 grains of sulphuric
acid. Five grains when heated with oxide of copper gave
16.68 cubic inches of carbonic acid gas, equal to 7.772 grains,
and equivalent to 2.12 grains of carbon. The water formed
amounted to 1.2 grains equivalent to 0.133 of a grain of
hydrogen.
From these data, 100 grains of the salt would appear to
furnish
Baryta - 28.03 - 78 or 1 proportional.
Sulphuric acid 29.13 - 81.41 nearly two proportionals.
Carbon - 42.40 - 118. approaching to 20 ditto.
Hydrogen 2.66 - 7.4 or 7.4 proportionals.
102.22
results not far different from those obtained with the former
salt.
MDCCCXXVI. Y
i62 Mr. Faraday on the mutual action of sulphuric acid, &c.
I have not yet obtained sufficient quantities of this salt in
a decidedly crystalline state to enable me satisfactorily to
account for the difference between it and the flaming salt.
Attempts were made to form similar compounds with other
acids than the sulphuric. Glacial phosphoric acid was heated
and shaken in naphthaline, but without any particular results.
A little water was then used with another portion of the
materials, to bring the phosphoric acid into solution, but no
decided combination could be obtained. Muriatic acid gas
was brought into contact with naphthaline in various states,
and at various temperatures, but no union could be effected
either of the substances or their elements.
Very strong solution of potash was also heated with naph-
thaline, and then neutralized by sulphuric acid; nothing
more however than common sulphate of potash resulted.
As the appropriation of a name to this acid will much
facilitate future reference and description, I may perhaps be
allowed to suggest that of sulpho-naphthalic acid, which suffi-
ciently indicates its source and nature without the inconve-
nience of involving theoretical views.
Royal Institution, January lo, i8z6.
c 163 :
XII. On the nervous circle which connects the voluntary muscles
with the brain. By Charles Bell, Esq. Communicated by
the President, January 25, 1826.
Read February 16, 1826.
JLn the Papers which I have had the honour of addressing
to the Society^on the arrangement of the nerves of the
human body, I have proceeded upon a comparison of the
nerves of the spinal marrow^ with the nerves of the en-
cephalon.
It was shown that the former were compounded of fila-
ments possessing different powers, and that each nerve, having
several properties or endowments collected within itself,
proceeded to its destination without intricacy.
Unless we had discovered the composition of the roots of
these nerves, we should have continued to suppose that one
nerve was simple in its structure, and yet capable of bestow-
ing the very different properties of motion and sensation.
But having satisfied myself that the roots of the spinal
nerves had distinct powers, I followed up the columns of the
spinal marrow ; and with a knowledge of the composition of
these nerves as a key, I examined the different properties of
the nerves of the encephalon. Here, in the head, the nerves
arise simply, and diverge to their destinations without the
close compact or union which the spinal nerves form ; and
accordingly, the anatomy of these nerves of the brain affords
satisfactory proof of their uses or functions. I am about to
164 Mr. Bell on the nervous circle which connects
show that every muscle has two nerves, of different proper-
ties, supplied to it. This I could not have ascertained by
examination of the spinal nerves alone, because of the inti-
mate union of all their fibres ; I had recourse therefore to
the nerves of the head. By prosecuting those enquiries,
which led to the distinction of the different classes of nerves,
I hope now to demonstrate — that where nerves of different
functions take their origin apart and run a different course : two
nerves must unite in the muscles, in order to perfect the relations
betwixt the brain and these muscles.
It may be in the recollection of the Society, that my first
Paper showed the difference of the nerves of the face ; by
dividing one nerve, sensation was destroyed, whilst motion
remained ; and by dividing the other, motion was stopped,
whilst sensibility remained entire.
Other parts of the nervous system since that time have
engaged my attention ; and it is only now that I am able to
make full use of the facts announced in my first Paper, which
were indeed expected to lead to further improvement of our
knowledge of the animal oeconomy . When I distinguished the
two classes of nerves going to the muscles of the face, and
divided the motor nerve, and when the muscles were de-
prived of motion by this experiment, the natural question
suggested itself — of what use are the nerves that remain
entire ?
For a time I believed that the fifth nerve, which is the
sensitive nerve of the head and face, did not terminate in the
substance of the muscles, but only passed through them to
the .skin; and I was the more inclined to this befief on ob-
serving, that the muscular parts when exposed in surgical
the voluntary muscles with the brain, 165
operations did not possess that exquisite sensibility which the
profusion of the sensitive nerves w^ould imply, or which the
skin really possesses.
Still dissection did not authorise this conclusion. I traced
the sensitive nerves into the substance of the muscles : I found
that the fifth pair was distributed more profusely to the
muscles than to the skin ; and that estimating all the nerves
given to the muscles, the greater proportion belonged to the
fifth or sensitive nerve, and the smaller proportion to the
seventh or motor nerve. On referring to the best authorities,
as Meckel,* and my excellent preceptor Monro, the extre-
mities of the fifth were described by them as going into the
muscles, so that of this fact there cannot be a doubt.
Having in a former Paper demonstrated that the portio
dura of the seventh nerve was the motor of the face, and that
it run distinct from the sensitive nerve, the fifth, and observing
that they joined at their extremities, or plunged together into
the muscles, I was nevertheless unwilling to draw a con-
clusion from a single instance ; and therefore cast about for
other examples of the distribution of the muscular nerves. It
was easy to find motor nerves in combination with sensitive
nerves, for all the spinal nerves are. thus composed; but we
wanted a muscular nerve clear in its course, to see what
alliance it would form in its ultimate distribution in the
muscle. I found in the lower maxillary nerve the example
I required.
The fifth pair, from which this lower maxillary nerve
comes, as I have elsewhere explained, is a compound nerve;
that is to say, it is composed of a nerve of sensation, and a
♦ Meckel de quinto pare nervorum cerebri.
166 Mr, Bell on the nervous circle which connects
nerve of motion. It arises in two roots, one of these is the
muscular nerve, the other the sensible nerve ; on this last
division the Gasserian ganglion is formed. But we can trace
the motor nerve clear of the ganglion and onward in its
course to the muscles of the jaws, and so it enters the tem-
poral masseter pterygoid and buccinator muscles.
If all that is necessary to the action of a muscle be a nerve
to excite to contraction, these branches should have been
unaccompanied ; but on the contrary, I found that before
these motor nerves entered the several muscles, they were
joined by branches of the nerves which came through the
Gasserian ganglion, and which were sensitive nerves.
I found the same result on tracing motor nerves into the
orbit, and that the sensitive division of the fifth pair of nerves
was transmitted to the muscles of the eye, although these
muscles were supplied by the third, fourth, and sixth nerves.
A circumstance observed on minute dissection remained
unexplained, — when motor nerves are proceeding to several
muscles they form a plexus ; that is, an interlacement and
exchange of fibres takes place.
The muscles have no connection with each other, they are
combined by the nerves ; but these nerves, instead of passing
betwixt the muscles, interchange their fibres before their dis-
tribution to them, and by this means combine the muscles
into classes. The question therefore may thus be stated :
why are nerves, whose office it is to convey sensation, pro-
fusely given to muscles in addition to those motor nerves
which are given to excite their motions ? and why do both
classes of muscular nerves form plexus ?
To solve this question, we must determine whether muscles
the voluntary muscles with the brain, 167
have any other purpose to serve than merely to contract
under the impulse of the motor nerves. For if they have a
reflective influence, and if their condition is to be felt or
perceived, it v^ill presently appear that the motor nerves are
not suitable internuncii betwixt them and the sensorium.
/ shall first enquire, if it be necessary to the governance of the
muscular frame, that there be a consciousness of the state or degree
of action of the muscles ^ That vv^e have a sense of the condi-
tion of the muscles, appears from this : that we feel the effects
of over exertion and weariness, and are excruciated by
spasms, and feel the irksomeness of continued position. We
possess a power of weighing in the hand: — what is this but
estimating the muscular force ? We are sensible of the most
minute changes of muscular exertion, by which we know the
position of the body and limbs, when there is no other means
of knowledge open to us. If a rope-dancer measures his
steps by the eye, yet on the other hand a blind man can
balance his, body. In standing, walking, and running, every
effort of the voluntary power, which gives motion to the
body, is directed by a sense of the condition of the muscles,
and without this sense we could not regulate their actions.
If it were necessary to enlarge on this subject, it would be
easy to prove that the muscular exertions of the hand, the
eye, the ear, and the tongue, are felt and estimated when we
have perception through these organs of sense ; and that
without a sense of the actions of the muscular frame, a very
principal inlet to knowledge would be cut off!
If it be granted, that there must be a sense of the condition
of the muscle, we have next to show that a motor nerve is
1^8 Mr, Bell on the nervous circle which connects
not a conductor towards the brain, and that it cannot perform
the office of a sensitive nerve.
Without attempting to determine the cause, whether de-
pending on the structure of the nervous cord, or the nature,
or the source of the fluid contained, a pure or simple nerve
has the influence propagated along it in one direction only,
and not backwards and forwards ; it has no reflected opera-
tion or power retrograde ; it does not both act from and to
the sensorium.
Indeed reason without experience would lead us to con-
clude, that whatever may be the state, or the nature of the
activity of a motor nerve during exertion, it supposes an
energy proceeding from the brain towards the muscles, and
precludes the activity of the same nerve in the opposite
direction at the same moment. It does not seem possible
therefore that a motor nerve can be the means of communi-
cating the condition of the muscles to the brain.
Expose the two nerves of a muscle ; irritate one of them,
and the muscle will act ; irritate the other, and the muscle
remains at rest. Cut across the nerve which had the power
of exciting the musclfe, and stimulate the one which is undi-
vided— the animal will give indication of pain ; but although
the nerve be injured so as to cause universal agitation, the
muscle with which it is directly connected does not move.
Both nerves being cut across, we shall still find that by
exciting one nerve the muscle is made to act, even days after
the nerve has been divided; but the other nerve has no
influence at all.
Anatomy forbids us to hope that the experiment will be
the voluntary muscles with the brain. 169
as decisive when we apply the irritants to the extremities of
the divided nerves which are connected with the brain ; for
all the muscular nerves receive more or less minute filaments
of sensitive nerves, and these we can trace into them by the
knife, and consequently, they will indicate a certain degree of
sensibility when hurt. To expose these nerves near their
origins, and before any filament of a sensitive nerve mingles
with them, requires the operator to cut deep, to break up the
bones, and to divide the blood-vessels. All such experiments
are much better omitted ; they never can lead to satisfactory
conclusions.
Experience on the human subject most abundantly illus-
trates these facts. For example : — a patient of mine having,
by a tumour pressing the nerves of the orbit, lost the sensi-
bility of the eye and eye-lids, she retained the motion of the
eye-lids by the portio dura coming round externally and
escaping the pressure which injured the other nerves. Here
the course of sensibility backwards to the brain was cut off,
while the course of volition was free ; she could not tell
whether the eye-lid was open or shut, but being asked to
shut the eye which was already closed, she acted with the
orbicular muscle and puckered the eye-lids. When I touched
the eye there was no winking, because the sensitive fifth pair
had lost its power, although she could command the motion
by voluntary exertion.
In another instance, when the eye was insensible, touching
the eye gave rise to a blush of redness and to inflammation,
because the part was excited, but the muscles were not called
into action : the relations which connect the sensibility of the
eye with the motions of the eye and eyelid are established
MDCCCXXVI. Z
i7o Mr, Bell on the nervous circle which connects
in the roots of the fifth and seventh in the brain ; the loss of
function of the fifth nerve therefore interrupted the circle.
Here too the motor nerve of the eye-lid was perfect, and the
eye-lid readily acted under the influence of the will, but when
the eye-lid was touched or pricked it communicated no sen-
sation. Is this insensibility of a motor nerve owing to the
course of its influence being from the brain, and not towards
it ? When the nostril had lost its sensibility from an affection
of the fifth pair, we could not excite sneezing ; when the
tongue and cheek had lost sensibility, the morsel was per-
mitted to remain between the tongue and the cheek until it
was offensive, although the motions both of the tongue and
the cheek were perfect. All these phenomena correspond
with the experiments on animals.
Now it appears the muscle has a nerve in addition to the
motor nerve, which being necessary to its perfect function,
equally deserves the name of muscular. This nerve however
has no direct power over the muscle, but circuitously through
the brain, and by exciting sensation it may become a cause
of action.
Between the brain and the muscles there is a circle of nerves ;
one nerve conveys the influence from the brain to the muscle,
another gives the sense of the condition of the muscle to the brain.
If the circle be broken by the division of the motor nerve,
motion ceases ; if it be broken by the division of the other
nerve, there is no longer a sense of the condition of the
muscle, and therefore no regulation of its activity.*
* Thus led to conclude that there is motion in a circle, we nevertheless cannot
adopt the hypothesis of circulating fluids. That a fluid does not proceed from the
brain, we may learn from this ; that on touching the end of a motor nerve which
the voluntary muscles with the brain. 171
We have noticed, that there is a plexus formed both on
the nerves which convey the will to the muscles, and on the
nerves which give the sense of the condition of the muscles.
The reason of this I apprehend to be that the nerves must
correspond with the muscles, and consequently with one
another. If the motor nerve has to arrange the action of
several muscles so as to produce a variety of motions, the
combinations must be formed by the interchange of filaments
among the nerves before they enter the muscles, as there is
no connection between the muscles themselves. As the
various combinations of the muscles have a relation with the
motor nerves, the same relations must be established by
those nerves which convey the impression of their combina-
tions, and a similar plexus or interchange of filaments there-
fore characterizes both.
We have seen that the returning muscular nerves are
associated with the nerves of sensibility to the skin, but they
are probably very distinct in their endowments, since there
is a great difference between conveying the sense of external
impressions, and that of muscular action.
In surgical operations the fact is forced upon our attention
that the pain of cutting the skin is exquisite, compared with
that of the muscles ; but we must remember that pain is a
modification of the endowment of a nerve, serving as a guard
to the surface, and to the deeper parts consequently. This
has been some days separated from the brain, the muscle is excited as when the
nerve was first divided. The property, however it may be defined, is therefore in
the nerve. Our language might perhaps be made more precise if we used terms
which implied the course of nervous influence, whether from or towards the brain ;
but it will be difficult to express this without the aid of hypothesis.
172 Mr. Bell on the nervous circle which connects
is further exemplified in the sensibility of the skin to heat ;
whilst, on the contrary, a muscle touched with a hot or cold
sponge during an operation, gives no token of the change of
temperature but by the degree of pain.
Many of the nerves which perform the most delicate ope-
rations in the oeconomy , are not more sensible to pain than
the common texture of the frame. The lower degree of sen-
sibility to pain possessed by the muscles, and their insensi-
bility to heat, is no argument against their having nerves
which are alive to the most minute changes of action in their
fibres.
When the anatomist shall find both the portio dura of the
seventh and the fifth going to the integuments of the head
and face, he may naturally ask, why are there two nerves to
the surface ? and he will probably reflect, that although the
principal office of the nerves of the skin is to convey impres-
sion to the sensorium, yet the influence of the mind is con-
veyed to the surface. The condition of the mind in passion,
for example, is as forcibly communicated to the skin as to
the muscles themselves ; and therefore if a branch of the fifth
be necessary to convey sensation from the surface to the
sensorium, the seventh is necessary to the change of vascular
action, and to the condition of the pores when affected by a
cause proceeding from within, outwards.
I feel a hesitation when I reason upon any other ground
than on the facts of anatomy. Experiments are more apt to
be misinterpreted ; and the very circumstance of a motor and
the voluntary muscles with the brain. 1 73
sensitive nerve being generally combined together, affords a
pregnant source of error.
It is natural to suppose that the galvanic influence might
be brought to bear on this subject ; but I may be permitted
to suggest to any one who pursues it in this way, that it will
be necessary to distinguish the effects produced by the nerve
as a mere conductor, and when performing its living functions.
The nerve, dead or alive, may convey the galvanic power
like a wet cord; but if the nerve be in possession of its living
property, a great deal will depend on the direction in which
the galvanic fluid is transmitted. If it be transmitted against
the course of the nervous influence, it will reach the muscles
and act feebly, but the power of the nerve will not be exer-
cised upon the muscles ; but if it be transmitted in the proper
course towards the muscles the nerve itself will be excited,
and its power propagated so as to produce violent action in
the corresponding muscles.
C 174 3
XIII. On the constitution o^ the atmosphere. By John Dalton,
Esq. F, R. S. &c. Communicated January 12, 1826.
Read February 24, 1826.
1 HE fact discovered by Boyle and Marriotte, that the
space occupied by air is in the inverse ratio of the pressure,
is one of great importance in the doctrine of elastic fluids.
It may probably not be mathematically true in extreme
cases ; but in those where the condensations and rarefactions
do not exceed 50 or 100 times, there is reason to believe the
above ratio is a very near approximation to the truth.
Sir Isaac Newton has shown in the 23d prop, book ii. of
the Principia, that if homogeneous particles of matter were
endued with a power of repulsion in the inverse ratio of their
central distances, collectively they would form an elastic
fluid agreeing with atmospheric air in its mechanical proper-
ties. He does not infer from this demonstration that elastic
fluids must necessarily consist of such particles ; and his
argument requires that the repulsive power of each particle
terminate, or very nearly so, in the adjacent particles. From
the scholium to this proposition, Newton was evidently aware
of the difficulty of conceiving how the repulsive action of
such particles could terminate so abruptly as his supposition
demands ; but in order to show that such cases exist in nature,
he finds a parallel one in magnetism.
Whatever we may think of the constitution of an elastic
fluid, it is clear, that for the purpose of ascertaining its mecha-
Mr. Dalton on the constitution of the atmosphere, 1 75
nical effects, we may safely adopt the above hypothesis within
the fore-mentioned limits of condensation and rarefaction.
The existence of elastic fluids totally different from atmo-
spheric air in their chemical nature, but agreeing with it in
mechanical properties, was unknown in Newton's time. Such
fluids are now known to exist ; they may be mixed together,
and, in case no obvious chemical action ensues, they are
found to occupy the same space after as before mixture, and
in due time to be uniformly diffused through the space the
mixture occupies, whatever may be the difference of their
volumes and specific gravities : and such mixtures have all the
mechanical properties of simple elastic fluids, as the atmosphere
itself evinces, which is a mixture of at least four such elastic
fluids.
Whether the uniform diffusion of elastic fluids through
each other is occasioned by the repulsion of the elementary
particles of the same kind, which appears to force them
through most bodies, as well solid and liquid as aerial, except
glass and the metals ; or whether it is caused by attraction
or chemical affinity, may be doubted. Difficulties attend
both views. I have long been inclined to adopt the former
notion as most consistent with the phenomena. According
to this view the particles of any elastic fluid (A) are endued
with repulsion to each other by the Newtonian law above
stated ; also those of any other (B) repel each other in like
manner ; but the particles of (A) do not repel those of (B),
or rather are inelastic in regard to them. Such mixture must
evidently possess the mechanical law of condensation which
the atmosphere possesses, and which Newton's imaginary
homogeneous fluid possesses.
176 Mr. Dalton on the constitution of the atmosphere.
All our ordinary experiments are limited to given volumes
of gases which are considered of equal densities and tempe-
ratures throughout the volumes ; but this is not the case
when the volume is large, and extended in a direction per-
pendicular to the horizon ; such, for instance, as a cylindrical
column of the atmosphere of the altitude of several miles.
The density in such vertical columns diminishes nearly in
geometrical progression to equal intervals of ascent, and the
temperature diminishes nearly in arithmetical progression,
or in direct proportion to the ascent.
When we observe the diffusion of two gases (A) and (B)
through each other in small limited volumes, such as in our
ordinary experiments, we may ascribe it on the one hand to
the mutual attraction of the particles of (A) and (B); or on
the other, to the repulsion of the particles of (A) for each
other, and their non-repulsion of those of (B); and vice versa.
The effect would seem to be precisely the same on both
views. But it is not so when we consider a vertical atmo-
spherical column of mixed gases. Here the two views display
their difference in a striking manner.
An exposition of the results of two indefinitely long per-
pendicular columns of any given gases (A) and (B) being
mixed together, having never yet been laid before the philo-
sophical public according to either opinion, I apprehend it
may be of service to the advancement of knowledge on this
interesting subject to draw attention to the following con-
siderations.
Let A and B be two equal cylindrical tubes placed in
contact and perpendicular to the horizon, of indefinite length,
closed at the bottom and open at the top. Let the tube A have
Mr. Dalton on the constitution of the atmosphere. 177
an atmosphere of hydrogen gas in it, so as that it would
support the mercury in the barometer at go inches. Let the
tube B have an atmosphere of carbonic acid gas also capable
of supporting 30 inches of mercury. Now supposing it pos-
sible for the atmosphere to be for a few moments of uniform
density throughout the column, and that density the same as
at the surface of the earth, the height of the hydrogen
atmosphere would be about 66 miles, and that of the carbonic
acid about 3.3 miles ; or the heights would be in the ratio of
so to 1 nearly. Afterwards, when the atmospheres were
expanded to their natural extent, equal elasticities of the two
gases would also be at altitudes as 20 to 1 ; that is, if at two
miles of elevation the carbonic acid atmosphere supported
15 inches of mercury, that of hydrogen would support the
same at 40 miles elevation. These are positions too obvious
to be insisted upon. Conceiving now the atmospheres to
have acquired their perfect equilibrium, or to be at rest in
the respective columns, let numerous air-tight horizontal
partitions be imagined across both tubes at equal intervals
•from the ground upwards. These intervals may be either
small, as a foot, or larger, as a mile, as may suit our
purpose.
Let now a communication be opened between each two
horizontal portions of the tubes, either by a perforation or a
small tube, as represented in the annexed figure, ati, s, 3,4,
&c. Then it is well known that the two gases would inter-
mix, and finally obtain such equilibrium, that one half of the
gas at first in each division would pass into the opposite
division, and the other half remain where it was. Hence, the
whole weight of gases in each whole tube would be still the
MDCCCXXVI. 2 A
1 78 Mr. Dalton on the constitution of the atmosphere.
same as before, namely, 30 inches of mercury ; half of which
in each tube would be carbonic acid, and the other half
hydrogen.
Very great differences would be found in the proportions
of the two gases in ascending, viewing them either in regard
to volume or to weight. In the lowest division, or No. 1 , we
should find equal volumes of carbonic acid and hydrogen.
At the height of two miles, we should find about one volume
of carbonic acid mixed with two of hydrogen ; at the height
of four miles, the carbonic acid would be to the hydrogen as
one to four, nearly ; and at the height of 40 miles, there would
probably be no carbonic acid at all in either tube, but the
hydrogen would there be of one half the density it was in
No. 1. Above this, or above the limits of the carbonic acid
atmosphere, wherever it might be, there would be nothing
but hydrogen gas in each tube up to the limits of the hydro-
gen atmosphere.
The Hmits of the atmosphere having been mentioned, it
may be proper to observe, that on the hypothesis of the
density of any atmosphere diminishing in geometrical pro-
gression to intervals of ascent in arithmetical progression,
every atmosphere must be unlimited, or of infinite extent.
But if any atmosphere is constituted of particles on the New-
tonian hypothesis, it is obvious that such atmosphere must
have a limit ; this limit will exist where the repulsion of two
particles becomes equal to the weight of one of them.
We have no data from which to determine the absolute
height above the surface of the earth to which any one
atmosphere can ascend ; but we can form a pretty accurate
comparison of the relative heights to which two atmospheres
Mr. Dalton on the constitution of the atmosphere. 179
would ascend, especially if the relative weights of their
atoms be known.
For instance ; we know that the diameter of an elastic
particle of carbonic acid is nearly, or exactly, the same as that
of a particle of hydrogen under the same pressure ; also that
their weights are as 20 to 1. At two miles elevation, the
elasticity of an atmosphere of carbonic acid gas is diminished
one half ; and- at 40 miles elevation, that of hydrogen is
diminished one half. Now^ let it be supposed that at 30 miles
elevation the carbonic acid atmosphere ceases to exist, or ter-
minates, at which elevation its elasticity must be according to
the geometrical progression, nearly ^^qqq ; then, by the same
law, the elasticity of the hydrogen atmosphere must be 33300
at the height of 1 5 x 40 == 600 miles ; also the diameters of
the particles of the two gases are still equal at those eleva-
tions, because they vary as the cube roots of the elasticities
inversely ; that is, if the diameters of the particles of carbonic
acid and hydrogen at the surface of the earth be denoted
by 1, that of carbonic acid at 30 miles will be represented by
^v/iJooo", and that of hydrogen at 600 miles elevation will
also be V 3 3000 . But by hypothesis, this distance is capable
of supporting a weight as 20 (namely the weight of one
atom of carbonic acid) ; the hydrogen atmosphere therefore
must be further elevated till it is capable of supporting a
weight only as 1 (namely, the weight of an atom of hydro-
gen) ; this will take place when the elasticity is still further
diminished in the ratio of the cube of 20 to the cube of 1, or
8000 to 1. Hence, we shall have to extend the atmosphere
about 13 X 40 = 520 miles further before it can terminate,
or to the height of 1 120 miles. In this estimate we have not
i8o Mr, D ALTON on the constitution of the atmosphere
taken into consideration the variable force of gravity. At the
height of 1400 miles the force of gravity is reduced one half,
nearly ; on this account the elevation of the hydrogen atmo-
sphere will be increased between 1 and 2 hundred miles
more, so as to make it amount to twelve or thirteen hundred
miles. The variation of temperature in ascending does not
materially affect our views. vii^i^Him
Thus it appears that upon the assumption ,we have made,
the hydrogen atmosphere must be 40 times the altitude of
the carbonic acid atmosphere. If we had assumed the utmost
height of the carbonic acid atmosphere less than 30 miles,
the disproportion of the two heights would have been still
greater ; and if more than 30 miles, it would have been less ;
but in this case the absolute difference would be greater.
If it be true that atmospheres have limits, or certain degrees
of rarefaction beyond which they cannot be extended, it will
produce certain modifications in the mixtures of the two
gases in our tubes A and B, which will now require con-
sideration.
Suppose the cell 1000 to be that at the summit of the
hydrogen column A, or where the hydrogen atmosphere
terminated before any communication was made with the
column B. Then, on opening the communication of that cell
with the corresponding one of B, one half of the gass would
flow out as usual ; but the two cells, instead of being filled
with the dilated gas, would only be half filled with it. The
gas would fill the lower half of each cell, pressing upon the
lower partition, and the upper half would exist as a void.
The same remark would apply, but in a less degree, to the
inferior cells 999, 998, &c. and it would not be till a descent
Mr. Dalton on the constitution of the atmosphere. 181
of 40 miles that the gas of one cell would be adequate to fill
two cells, making the density in each the same as that in
No. 1000 before the communication. In all that interval of
40 miles the continuity of the atmosphere would be inter-
rupted, each cell having a partial void, and the partition
having a pressure on it from above, and none beneath. In
like manner it might be shown that the carbonic acid atmo-
sphere, were it alone, and subsequently made to communicate
with empty cells, would be two miles below the summit of
the atmosphere before one cell of gas could fill two cells.*
After a complete equilibrium of intercourse had taken
place between every two adjacent cells, let us next conceive
all the horizontal partitions to be withdrawn from the two
tubes, and consider what results will ensue.
It is evident the descent of the upper part of the hydrogen
column in each tube would be immediate, as there would be
vacuous places to fill up in it. The same would take place
with the carbonic acid column ; but the great body or weight
of the mixed atmospheres would remain unchanged, except
a slight condensation. The column of hydrogen in each tube
would support 1 5 inches of mercury, and would in all respects
resemble the upper half of the first column. A, of hydrogen
gas, that supported 30 inches, excepting a slight difference
occasioned by distance from the earth and temperature ; and
the same may be observed of the carbonic acid column in
each tube. But would this constitution of the mixture be
• Query, might not the absolute height of an atmosphere of carbonic acid gas
(or any other) be found, by perfectly exhausting a tall receiver, then letting in a
small given portion of the gas, and finding by some chemical test that the gas
existed in the lower but not in the upper portion of the receiver ?
i82 ikfr. D ALTON on the constitution of the atmosphere.
permanent ? Would a mixed atmosphere, which in fact as a
whole, consisted of equal weights of carbonic acid and hydro-
gen, continue to exhibit at the surface of the earth equal
volumes only in mixture ? Or, on the other hand, would not
the whole be wrought up in due time into one uniform com-
position in all its extent, of 20 volumes of hydrogen with one
of carbonic acid, as many suppose to be the nature of the
earth's atmosphere with regard to its component parts ?
Before these questions are discussed we shall put the case
in a different form : suppose a mixture of 20 volumes of
hydrogen and one volume of carbonic acid (that is equal
weights of each ) , were put into a large reservoir under the
constant pressure of 30 inches of mercury, and from this
reservoir were passed by means of a stop-cock into the inde-
finite perpendicular tube. A, perfectly void, till such time as
the equilibrium between the reservoir and the tube was
established : query, what would be the final arrangement of
the two gases in the tube ? I believe it will be allowed by
all, that the final arrangement of the mixture of gases will
be precisely, the same in this case as in the one previously
stated, whatever that arrangement may be.
Now I apprehend it is demonstrable, from what we know
of the nature of mixed gases, that each of the two gases
would be disposed just the same as if the other was not
present. They would be mixed in equal volumes at the
earth's surface ; the carbonic acid would rapidly diminish in
density in ascending, and terminate perhaps at 28 or 30 miles
of elevation ; the hydrogen would slowly diminish in den-
sity, and terminate perhaps at 11 or 12 hundred miles of
elevation.
Mr. Dalton on the constitution of the atmosphere, 183
The arguments in support of this notion may be derived
from the following facts :
1st. When two gases, not having a manifest chemical
action upon each other, are put into a vessel of small limited
capacity, they are found in a short time to be uniformly
diffused through the capacity of the vessel, whatever be their
proportions.
2d. Let a bottle, having its air exhausted, be half filled
with water, and the other half with a mixture of equal
volumes of two gases, suppose hydrogen and carbonic acid ;
then let an air-tight stopper be applied, and the contents of
the bottle be duly agitated. The carbonic acid will be found
equally diffused through the whole capacity of the bottle, the
same in the water as out of it ; but the hydrogen in the
water will only be ■— or /^ of the density of that above
the water. In this case each gas will be arranged, both
within and without the water, precisely the same as if it was
the only gas present. And if a third gas could afterwards
be introduced into the bottle in hke manner, it would take
its place in and out of the water independently of the other
two ; and so on with any number. No pressure of any one
gas on the surface of the water can confine another gas in
the water ; it must be a pressure arising from the same gas.
3d. If a portion of ether, alcohol, &c. be put into a bottle,
and it be close corked, the vapour will ascend and fill the
bottle, whatever air be present ; its quantity and force will
be the same whether there be any air, or none, being entirely
regulated by the temperature.
From these three facts, but more especially from the two
last, it appears to me as completely demonstrated as any
184 Mr. Dalton on the constitution of the atmosphere,
physical principle, that whenever two or more such gases or
vapours as we have been describing are put together, either
into a limited or unlimited space, they will finally be
arranged each as if it occupied the whole space, and the
others were not present ; the nature of the fluids and gravi-
tation being the only efficacious agents.
We may now apply this doctrine in considering the earth's
atmosphere, on the supposition of its being in a quiescent
state. The gases constituting it are azotic and oxygenous
chiefly, a very small proportion of carbonic acid, and a small
proportion of aqueous vapour. If we assume the weight of
the atmosphere = 30 inches of mercury, and neglect the
carbonic acid and aqueous vapour as inconsiderable in weight,
we shall have ^^ of 30 = 6.3 inches for the weight of the
oxygenous atmosphere, and -^-^ of 30 = 23.7 inches for the
weight of the azotic atmosphere. For the weights of the
whole atmospheres on this view are proportional to the vo-
lumes found at the surface of the earth, and totally inde-
pendent of their specific gravities. The weight of the aqueous
vapour atmosphere is variable, and may be on an average
= ,4f of an inch of mercury, and that of carbonic acid = .03
of an inch of mercury.
The limit of altitude in a full atmosphere (of 30 inches
mercury ) of oxygen gas being assumed at 45 miles, that of
an atmosphere of the same gas of 6.3 inches of mercury will
be found by calculation on the above principles to be about
38 miles, the atom of oxygen being 7 ; and that of azotic
gas of 23.7 inches weight will be found 54 miles, if the atom
of azote be taken as 5 ; but if the atom of azote be double
this weight, as is supposed by many, but I think without
Mr. D ALTON on the constitution of the atmosphere. 185
sufficient reason, then the height of the azotic atmosphere
will be only 44 miles. The very fine and attenuated carbonic
acid atmosphere must ascend to the height of 10 miles, if a
full atmosphere of this gas ascend to 30 miles ; and that of
steam or aqueous vapour to the height of 50 miles, allowing
the specific gravity of steam to be .625, and the weight of
its atom to be 8.
It may be worth while to contrast this view of the consti-
tution of the atmosphere with the only other one, as far as I
know, that has been entertained.
According to one view.
1. The volumes of each gas
found at the surface of the earth
are proportional to the whole
weights of the respective atmo-
spheres.
Weight of
atmosphere.
Azote - = ^
= 79
Oxygen - — loo
21
Aqueous vap. = -^
— 1.33
Carbonic acid — ~
= .10
101.43
According to the other view.
1. The volume of each gas
found at the surface of the
earth multiplied by its specific
gravity J is proportional to the
whole weight of the respective
atmosphere.
sp. gr.
Weight of
atmosphere.
Azote - = ^ X .97 = 16.6
Oxygen =r^xi.ii = 23.3
Aque. va. = -i- X .625 = 0.83
Car. acid =i~-x 1.53 = 0.15
100.88*
* In order to show the ratios more completely we have assumed the two compound
atmospheres differing a little in the total weights.
MDCCCXXVI.
sB
iS6 Mr. Dalton on the constitution of the atmosphere.
According to one view.
2. The altitude of each atmo-
sphere differs from that of every
other, and the proportions of
each in the compound atmo-
sphere gradually vary in the
ascent.
3. When two atmospheres are
mixed, they take their places
according to their specific gra-
vity, not in separate strata, but
intermixedly. There is however
a separate stratum of the speci-
fically lighter atmosphere at the
summit over the other.
According to the other view.
2. The altitude of each atmo-
sphere is the same, and the pro-
portion of each in the compound
atmosphere is the same at all
elevations.
3. When two atmospheres are
mixed, they continue so, without
the heavier manifesting any dis-
position to separate and descend
from the lighter.
All that we have said hitherto has been relating to quiescent
atmospheres, or such as are in a state of perfect equilibrium.
How the case would be with regard to the earth's atmo-
sphere, such as it actually is, in a state of continual motion
and agitation greater or less in all its parts, it is not very easy
to ascertain ; and it is besides rather a question to be decided
by experiment and observation than by any theory. I have
a series of observations made on this subject ; but as they
will require to be submitted in a considerable detail, I shall
reserve them as a sequel to this essay on some future
occasion.
Mr. D ALTON on the constitution of the atmosphere, *i87
-*- lOOO
— 999
=j= 998
=
= 997
=
= 6
5
— ^
— 3
r
-j- 1
B
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