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Natural  History  Museum  Library 


TRANSACTIONS. 

giving  some 


OF  THE 

Trcfent  Wilder  takings.  Studies , and  Labours 
OF  THE 

INGENIOUS, 

IN  MANY 

Conliderable  Parts  of  the  WORLD. 


. 


VOL.  XXXVII.  For  the  Years  1731,  1731. 


LONDON; 

Printed  for  W. I n n y s and  R.Manbv,  ‘Printers  to  the 
Royal  Society , at  the  Weft  End  of  St.  Raul’s.  173  3 . 


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To  His  Grace 

CHARLES 

Duke  of  Richmond  and  Lenox, 

My  Lord, 

I Beg  Leave  to  prefent  to  Your 
Grace  this  Volume  of  Phi- 
losophical Transactions, 
being  a Collection  of  feveral  TraCts 
lately  read  before  the  Royal  Society, 
whole  Meetings  You  have  fo  frequent- 
ly honour’d  with  Your  Prefence. 
Arts  and  Sciences  always  flourilh 
moll  under,  the  Protection  of  Prin- 
ces and  Great  Men,  who,  them- 
felves  engaging  in  the  Search  after 
Learning,  do  by  their  Examples  ex- 
cite an  Emulation  among  thofe,  whole 
Bufinefs  and  Profeffion  call  them  more 
immediately  to  the  Improvement  of 
the  feveral  Branches  thereof  I am 
perfuaded  thefe  Papers  will  meet  with 


T>  E B 1 CAT 10  N. 

a favourable  Reception  from  Your 
Grace  ; who  have  not  only  lhewn 
Your  Inclination  to  encourage  Know- 
ledge in  Genera],  by  becoming  one 
of  the  Members  of  this  Society,  but 
have  likewife  done  a particular  Ho- 
nour to  the  Faculty  of  Phylick,  by 
xondefcending  to  join  to  the  Noble 
Titles  of  Your  High  Rank,  thofe 
of  Doctor  in  that  Profeffion,  and 
of  Fello  w of  the  College  of  Phy- 
ficians,  London. 

I therefore  gladly  take  this  Oppor- 
tunity of  acknowledging  that  I am, 

With  the  greateft  Submiffion, 

My  Lord, 

Your  Grace’s, 

Moft  Obedient,  and 
Molt  Humble  Servant, 

Cromwell  Mortimer,  M.  T>. 

R,  S,  Seer. 


JPA/7o.-  T>wi<. 


Numb.  417.  Beginning 
VOL.  XXXVIi. 

PHILOSOPHICAL 

TRANSACTIONS. 

For  the  Months  of  January  and  February , 1731. 

The  C O N T E N T S. 

I.  A Catalogue  of  the  fifty  Plants  from  Chelfea- 
Garden,  prejented  to  the  Royal  Society  by 
the.  Company  of  Apothecaries,  for  'the  Year 
1 729  5 purfuant  to  the  Direction  of  Sir  Hans 
Sloane,  Bar1-  Med.  (Reg.  <Pr<ef.  Col.  (Reg.  Med. 
& Soc.  Reg.  by  IfaacRand,  Apothecary } F.R.S. 

II.  A Vefcription  of  the  Water- Works  at  Lon- 
don-Bridge.  By  H.  Beighton,  F.  R.  S. 

III.  Epiftola  continens  Hiftoriam  Calculi 
in  Vefica  f ponte  fraEli,  &per  Urethram  feliciter 
excreti ; ad  llluftrem  Generofiffintumque  Virum 
D.Fred.  d e Thom,  Serenifmo  Due  1 
Bru  nsvicensi  etLunebur- 
GENSI  a Conjiliis,  Oratorem  ejus  apud 
Potentiffimum  MagN£  Britan- 
N I M R E G E M,  nec  non  (R.S.S.  a 'Ll  A U- 
RENTIoHeiSTEROjM.P.  (prof.  Botan. 
in  Acad.  Julia Helmftadii,  <sr<R.  S.  S.  confcripta. 

IV.  A Letter  from  the  (Reverend  W illiam  Der» 
ham,  D.  D.  Canon  of  Windfor,  and  F.  R S. 

to 


to  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  (Bar*-  Tree/.  Coll.  Med.  tr 
% S.  concerning  the  Froft  in  January,  1 7 3 f. 

V.  A Letter  to  Cromwell  Mortimer,  M.  D. 
Seer.  Of  S.  containing  federal  Experiments  con  - 
cerning Electricity  5 by  Mr.  Stephen  Gray. 

VI.  CurVarum  Elyperbolicarum,  dquationibus  trium 
nominum  utcunque  definitarum , Quadratures  gene- 
ralis  duplici  Theoremate  exhibita  a D°.  Samueie 
Klingenftierna,  Drofeff.  Digniff.  Math,  in  Acad. 
Upfal,  isr  LQS.S.  Conmunicante  D0.  Jacoho 
Stirling , ejufdem  etiam  Soc.  DoEliJJ.  S. 

VII.  Ca/us  rarijfimus  Plica  Polonicte  enormis  d D. 
Abrahamo  Vatero,  M.T>.  <Prof.  Anatom.  Wit- 
tem.be.rg,  & % S.  S.  per  D.  Conradum  Spren- 
gell,  Equitemy  M.  D.  LQ  S.  S.  Cf  Coll.  Med. 
Lond.  Licent.  communicatus. 

VIII.  An  Extract  of  a Letter  from  Sir  Conrad 
Sprengell,  M.  D.  (^.  5.  S.  & Coll.  Med.  Lond. 
Licen.  to  Dr.  Mortimer  5 wherein  he  inclofed  the 
foregoing  Account  of  the  Plica  Polonica  $ toge- 
ther with  an  Article  from  the  'BteflatD  ©flltl Killing 
fcon  Ji5atut-  unti  ^eOlcht,  &c.  ©efcljtcljtett,  upon  the 
fame  Subject , tranflated  from  the  High-Dutch 
by  Dr.  Mortimer,  2^.  5.  Seer. 

IX.  An  Account  of  an  unufual  Agitation  in  the  Mag- 
netical  Needle,  obferved  to  la  ft  for  fome  Time , 
in  a Voyage  from  Maryland,  by  Capt.  Walter 
Hoxton ; communicated  in  a Letter  to  David 
Papillon,  Efq-y  F.  % $. 


C I ) 

I.  J Catalogue  of  the  fifty  Plants  from  Chelfea- 
Garden,  prejented  to  the  Royal  Society  by 
the  Company  of  Apothecaries,  for  the  Tear 
1729  5 purfuant  to  the  Dire&ion  of  Sir  h Ians 
Sloane,  (Bar*-  Med.  <%cg.  Fraf.  Col.  <^eg.  Med. 
& Soc.  Bgg.  by  Ifaac  Rand,  Jpothecaryf 
F.  <%.  S. 

* C 

35X  A CER  Fraxini  foliis,  ferratis.  Acer  maxi- 
mum  j foliis  trifidis  & quinquefidis , 
Virginianum.  Fluk.  Phyt.  fab.  123. 

Fig.  4 6s  5. 

$51.  Agrimonia  odorata.  Cam.  Hort. 

35-3.  Agrimonia  officinarum.  T.Inft.  301. 

3 54.  Agrimonia,  minor;  flore  albo  H.  C.  Boerh. 
Ind. 

35J'.  Anapodophyllon  Canadenfe  Morini.  T.Inft, 
*39- 

356.  Apocynoides  fubhirfuta  \ floribus  aurantiis. 

357.  Aracus,  q.  Vicia fegetum  j fingularibusfiliquis 
glabris.  C.  B.  345*. 

3 5:8.  Brafica  Orientalis,  perfoliata  ; flore  albo;  fi* 
liqua  quadrangula  T.  Cor.  16. 

3 J9.  Brunella  laciniata  ; flore  elegantiflime  fulphu- 
reo.  Boer.  Ind.  alt.  169. 

360.  Caflida  Cretica ; fruticofa  j Cataria  folio ; 
flore  albo.  T.  Cor.  11. 

361.  Caflida  paluftris,  vulgatior  *,  flore  casruleo. 
T.  Inft.  182. 

A 362.Caf- 


3<>2.  Caffida  orientalis  ; Chamsedryos  folio  j flore 
luteo.  T.  Cor  n. 

363.  Convolvulus  Canarienfisj  longioribus  foliis, 
mollibus  & incanis.  Pluk.  Phyt.  Tab.  3x5-.  Fig.  1. 

364.  Daucus,  quiPaftinaca  CEnanthes  folio.  Boccon. 
rar.  7$. 

3 6y.  Echinopus  minor,  annuus ; magnocapite.  T. 
Inft.  463. 

366.  Frutex  Africanus,  Ambram  fpirans.  Pluck* 
Phyt.  Tab.  183.  Fig.  1. 

367.  Galeopfis  Hifpanica  j frutefcens ; Teucrii  folio. 
T.  Inft.  186. 

368.  Hedypnois  annua.  T.  Inft.  478. 

369.  Hedypnois  Cretica,  minor,  annua.  T.  Cor. 
36. 

3 70.  Hedypnois  Hifpanica,  procumbens  ; inagno  ca- 
pite.  jin  Hedypnois  annua , capite  maximo.  Boerh. 
Ind.  alt.  93  ? 

371.  Heleniaftrum  ^ folio  longiore  Sc  anguftiore. 
D.  Vaillant.  Acad.  Reg.  Par.  anno  1710. 

371.  Heleniaftrum  ferius  florens  j latiore  folio;  ra- 
mofiffimum.  An.  Heleniajl rum  ^ folio  brevier e & 
latiore.  Ejufdem  Ibid  ? 

373.  Hieracium  fruticofum  j anguftiflimo,  incano 
folio.  H.  L.Bat.  316. 

374.  Hieracium  Pulmonaria  didum,  latifolium, 
humiliusj  ramulis  expanifis, 

37j.  Lamium  Garganicum,  fubincanum  j flore  pur- 
purafcente,  cum  labio  fuperiori  crenato.  Micheli. 
Hort.  Pifan.  93.  Tab.  31. 


( 3 } 

376.  Lamium  orientale,  argentatum,  annuum  ; flore 
albo.  Lamium  Mofchatumjoliorum  marginibus  ar- 
gent atis.  JYheeleri  Itin. 

377.  Latnium  purpureum,  perenne  •,  foliis  acutis, 
profunde  incilis.  Lamium  ; folio- oblongo  ; fore  ru- 
bro.  "Park.  Lheat.  606. 

378%  Lychnis  Hifpanica  ; folio  Kali ; multiflora. 
T.  Inft.  338. 

379.  Millefolium,  vulgare,  album.  C.  B.  140. 

380.  Millefolium  album,  incanum  • fegmentis  fo« 
liorum  latioribus. 

381.  Millefolium nobile  Tragi.  4 76. 

381.  Millefolium,  odoratum,  Monpelienfe,  Fillet. 
271. 

383.  Millefolium,  minus,  tenuifolium  3 Tanaceti 
odore.  Barrel.  Obf.  N°  11 17. 

384.  Millefolium,  tomentofum,  luteum.  C.  B. 

14°. 

385'.  Millefolium  ^ foliis  Sophias  fere  divifura ; flo- 
ribus  parvis,  ex  albo  flavefcentibus. 

386.  Mentha  Sifymbrium  dicta,  hirfuta,  rotundi- 
folia  j odore  Aurantii  D.  Manningham.  Mentha , 
Sifymbrkm  dilita,  hirfuta  3 glomerulis  & foliis  mi- 
nor thus  ac  rot undioribus.  Rail  Syn.  Ed.  3.  233. 

387.  Myrrhis  trifolia,  Canadenfis,  Angelicas  facie. 
T.  Inft.  3 1 7. 

388.  Pimpinella  Sanguiforba  major.  C.  B.  160. 

389.  Pimpinella  major,  rigida,  prsalta  auriculata, 
Sabauda.  Boccon.  Muf.  p.  19. 

390.  Ribes  fructu  parvo.  Merret.  Pin.  Raii  Syn. 
Ed.  3.  4 56. 

A 2, 


391.  Ribes 


( 4 ) 

391.  Ribes  Americana;  fruftu  nigro  minimoj  ca- 
lyce  floris  campaniformi. 

391.  Sclarea  5 Africana  ; ampliffimo  folio  j annua. 
Boerh.  Ind.  alt.  16$. 

393.  Sideritis,  Cretica,  vifcofa.  Bitumen  olens.  Za« 
non.  186. 

394.  Veronica  minor,  Alpina,  Serpylli  folio.  An 

Pome  ? 

395-.  Virga  aurea,  Mexicana,  C.B.  5-17.  Firga  ait- 
rea  ; Limonii  folio  ; paniculd  uno  verfu  difpofita . 

H.  Reg.  Par. 

396.  Virga  aurea,  Americana,  anguftifolia,  media  j 
panicula  fpeciofa. 

397.  Virga  aurea  Americana,  altiffima,  anguftifolia 
ferotina ; radice  repente. 

398.  Virga  aurea,  humilis  ; foliis  rigidis,  latis, 
utrinque  acuminatis.  An  Firga  aurea  folio  hirfuto, 
Salicis,  raro  & levijime  ferrato  ; caulibus  atropur * 
pureis  Boerh.  Ind.  alt.  97  ? 

399.  Virga  aurea,  montana  ; folio  angufto,  fub  in- 
cano  ; flofculis  conglobatis.  RaiiSyn.Ed.  z.  81. 

400.  Virga  aurea  minor  j foliis  ferratis,  utrinque 
acuminatis. 


II.  A 


II.  A Defcription  of  the  Water-Works  at  Lon- 
don-Bridge,  explaining  the  Draught  of  Tab.  I. 
(By  H.  Beighton,  F $. 

HE  Wheels  are  placed  under  the  Arches  of 


London-Bridger  and  moved . by  the  common 
Stream  of  the  Tide-Water  of  the  River  Thames. 

AB  the  Axle-tree  of  the  Water- Wheel,  19  Feet 
long,  3 Feet  Diameter*  in  which  C,D,  E,  F,  are  four 
Sets  of  Arms,  eight  in  each  Place,  on  which  are  fixed 
GGGG,  four  Rings,  or  Sets  of  Felloes,  in  Diameter 
20  Feet,  and  the  Floats  H H H,  14  Feet  long  and  18 
Inches  deep,  being  about  2 6 in  Number. 

The  Wheel  lies  with  its  two  Gudgeons,  or  Centers, 
A B,  upon  two  Braffes  in  the  Pieces  M N,  which  are 
two  great  Levers,  whofe  Fulcrum,  or  Prop,  is  an 
arched  Piece  of  Timber  L,  the  Levers  being  made 
circular  on  their  lower  Sides  to  an  Arch  of  the  Radius 
M O,  and  kept  in  their  Places  by  two  arching  Studs 
fixed  in  the  Stock  L,  through  two  Mortifes  in  the  Le- 
ver M N. 

The  Wheel  is,  by  thefe  Levers,  made  to  rife  and 
fall  with  the  Tide,  which  is  performed  in  this  Manner, 
The  Levers  MN  are  16  Feet  long  ; from  M,  the  Ful- 
crum of  the  Lever,  to  O the  Gudgeon  of  the  Water- 
Wheel,  6 Feet ; and  from  O to  the  Arch  at  N,  10. 
Feet.  To  the  Bottom  of  the  Arch  N is  fixed  a ftrong 
triple  Chain  P,  made  after  the  Falhion  of  a Watch- 
Chain,  but  the  Links  arched  to  3 Circle  of  one  Foot 


Diameter,, 


( o 

Diameter,  having  Notches,  or  Teeth,  to  take  hold  of 
the  Leaves  of  a Pinion  of  caft  Iron  Q_,  io  Inches  Di- 
ameter, with  eight  Teeth  in  it  moving  on  an  Axis.  The 
other  loofe  End  of  this  Chain  has  a large  Weight  hang- 
ing at  it,  to  help  to  counterpoife  the  Wheel,  and  preferve 
the  Chain  from  Aiding  on  the  Pinion.  On  the  fame 
Axis  is  fixed  a Cog-Wheel  R,  6 Feet  Diameter,  with 
48  Cogs.  To  this  is  applied  a Trundle,  or  Pinion,  S, 
of  fix  Rounds,  or  Teeth  ; and  upon  the  fame  Axis  is 
fixed  T,  a Cog-Wheel  of  51  Cogs,  into  which  the 
Trundle  V,  of  fix  Rounds,  works ; on  whofe  Axis  is  a 
Winch,  or  Windlafs,  W,  by  which  one  Man,  with  the 
two  Windlaffes,  raifes  or  lets  down  the  Wheel  as  there 
is  Occafion. 

And  becaufe  the  Fulcra  of  thefe  Levers,  M N,  are  in 
the  Axis  of  the  Trundle  K,  viz.  at  M or  X,  in  what 
Situation  foever  the  Wheel  is  raifed  or  let  down,  the 
Cog- Wheel  1 1,  is  always  equidiftant  from  M,  and  works, 
or  geers  truly. 

By  Means  of  this  Machine  the  Strength  of  an  ordi- 
nary Man  will  raife  about  fifty  Ton  Weight. 

I,  I,  is  a Cog-Wheel  fixed  near  the  End  of  the  great 
Axis,  8 Feet  Diameter,  and  44  Cogs  working  into  a 
Trundle  K,  of  4^  Foot  Diameter,  and  20  Rounds,  whofe 
Axis  or  Spindle  is  of  Caft  Iron  4 Inches  in  Diameter, 
lying  in  Brafies  at  each  End,  as  at  X. 

Z Z is  a quadruple  Crank  of  Gaft  Iron,  the  Metal  be- 
ing 6 Inches  fquare,  each  of  the  Necks  being  turned  one 
Foot  from  the  Center,  which  is  fixed  inBrafles  at  each 
End  in  two  Head-ftocks  faftned  down  by  Caps.  One 
End  of  this  Crank  at  Y is  placed  clofe  abutting  to  the 
End  of  the  Axle-tree  X,  where  they  are  at  thofe  Ends 


( 7 ) 

fix  Inches  Diameter,  each  having  a Slit  in  the  Ends, 
where  an  Iron  Wedge  is  put,  one  half  into  the  End  X, 
the  other  half  into  Y,  by  Means  of  which  the  Axis  X 
turns  about  the  Crank  Z Z, 

The  four  Necks  of  the  Crank  have  each  an  Iron 
Spear,  or  Rod,  fixed  at  their  upper  Ends  to  the  re- 
fpeftive  Libra,  or  Lever,  a i,  2,  3,  4,  within  three 
Foot  of  the  End.  Thefe  Levers  are  14  Feet  long,  mo- 
ving on  Centers  in  the  Frame  b b b b ; at  the  End  of 
which,  at  c 1,  3, 4,  are  jointed  four  Rods  with  their 

forcing  Plugs  working  into  d 1,  a,  3,  4,  four  Caft  iron 
Cylinders  four  Feet  three  quarters  long,  feven  Inches 
Bore  above,  and  nine  below  where  the  Valves  lie,  fa- 
ttened by  skrewed  Flanches,  over  the  four  Holes  of  a 
hollow  Trunk  of  Caft  Iron,  having  four  Valves  in  it 
juft  over  e e e e,  at  the  joining  on  of  the  Bottom  of 
the  Barrels,  or  Cylinders,  and  at  one  End  a fucking 
Pipe  and  Grate/,  going  into  the  Water,  which  fupplies 
all  the  four  Cylinders  alternately. 

From  the  lower  Part  of  the  Cylinders  d 1,  d x,  d st 
d 4,  come  out  Necks  turning  upward  Arch-wife,  as 
g g g g,  whofe  upper  Parts  are  caft  with  Flanches  to 
skrew  up  to  the  Trunk  hbh  b\  which  Necks  have 
Bores  of  7 Inches  Diameter,  and  Holes  in  the  Trunk 
above  communicating  with  them,  at  which  Joining  are 
placed  four  Valves.  The  Trunk  is  caft  with  four  BolTes, 
or  Protuberances,  Handing  out  againft  the  Valves  to 
give  room  for  their  opening  and  (hutting;  and  on  the 
upper  Side  are  four  Holes  flopped  with  Plugs,  to  take 
out  on  Occafion,  to  cleanfe  the  Valves.  One  End  of 
this  Trunk  is  flopped  by  a Plug  i.  To  the  other.  Iron 
Pipes  are.  joined,  as  i z,  by  Flanches,  through  which 


( 8 ) 

the  Water  is  forced  up  to  any  Height  or  Place  re- 
quited. 

Befides  thefe  four  Forcers,  there  are  four  more  placed 
at  the  other  Ends  of  the  Libra?,  or  Levers  (not  (hewn 
here  to  avoid  Confufion,  but  to  be  feen  on  the  left 
Hand)  the  Rods  being  fixed  at  a i,  x , 3,  4,  working  in 
four  fuch  Cylinders,  with  their  Parts  d d , &c.  e e, 
/>  and  as  before  defcribed,  Handing  near  kk. 

At  the  other  End  of  the  Wheel  (at  B)  is  placed  all 
the  fame  Sort  of  Work  as  at  the  End  A is  defcribed. 


viz. 

The  Cog-Wheel  I. 
The  Trundle  K. 
The  Spindle  X. 
The  Crank  _ Y,  Z. 
The  fucking  Pipes  f. 


The  four  Levers  ac,  ac,  &c. 
8 forcing  Rods  a d,  a d ,&c. 
8 Cylinders  de , de,  &c. 

4 Trunks,  fuch  as  ee,h  h. 

2 forcing  Pipes,  as  i. 

So  that  one  fingle  Wheel  works  16  Pumps. 

All  which  Work  could  not  be  drawn  in  one  per- 
fpe&ive  View,  without  making  it  very  much  con- 
fufed. 

A Calculation  of  the  Quantity  of  Water  raifed  by 
the  Engines  at  London-Bridge. 

In  the  ift  Arch  next  the  City  is  one  Wheel)  , P 
with  double  Work  of— L j 16 Forcers. 

r ift  Wheel  double  Work  at  one 
In  the  3d\  End,  and  fingle  at  the  other 
Arch  ^xd  Wheel  in  the  Middle  — • ~~  8 

(3d  Wheel  — — 1 6 

In  all  yx  Forcers, 


IX 


One 


2-r  Strokes, 


( 9 ) 

One  Revolution  of  a Wheel  makes  in 
every  Forcer  

So  that  one  Turn  of  the  4 Wheels  makes  1 14  Strokes. 

When  the  River  is  at  bell,  the  Wheels  go  3 
fix  times  round  in  a Minute,  and  but  y'i>  6 
at  middle  Water  - - — > 3 


The  Number  of  Strokes  in  a Minute  684 
The  Stroke  is  xi  F eet,in  a 7 Inch  Bore,raifes  3 7 Ale 

They  raife  per  Minute  205  2$  Gall. 
That  is,  113120  Gallons  = 19^4  Hog(heads^>er  Hour, 
and  at  the  Rate  of  46896  Hoglheads  in  a Day,  to 
the  Height  of  120  Feet. 

This  is  the  utmoft  Quantity  they  can  raife,  fup- 
pofing  there  were  no  Imperfedions  or  Lofs  at  all. 

But  it  is  certain  from  the  Confederations  follow- 
ing, that  no  Engine  can  raife  fo  much  as  will  anfwer 
the  Quantity  of  Water  the  Cylinder  contains  in  the 
Length  of  the  Forcer , or  Pif  oil’s  Motion  : For, 

Firjl,  The  opening  and  ihutting  of  the  Valves  lofe 
nearly  fo  much  of  that  Column,  as  the  Height  they 
rife  and  fall. 

Secondly , No  Leather  is  ftrong  enough  for  the  Pi- 
fton,  but  there  muft  continually  flip  or  fqueeze  by  fome 
Water,  when  it  is  raifed  to  a great  Height  j and  when 
the  Column  is  fliort,  it  will  not  prefs  the  Leather 
enough  to  the  Cylinder,  or  Barrel : But  efpecially  at 
the  Beginning,  or  firft  moving  of  the  Pifton,  there  is 
fo  little  Weight  on  it,  that  before  the  Leather  can  ex- 
pand, there  is  fome  Lofs. 

Thirdly , And  this  Lofs  is  more  or  lefs,  as  the  Pi- 
ftons  are  loofer  or  ftraighter  leathered. 

Fourthly , When  the  Leathers  grow  too  foft,  they 
are  not  capable  of  fuftaining  the  Pillar  to  be  raifed. 

B Fifthly , 


( JO  ) 

Fifthly , If  they  are  leathered  very  tight,  as  to  lofe 
no  Water,  then  a great  Part  of  the  Engine’s  Force  is 
deftroyed  by  the  FriStion. 

By  fotne  Experiments  I have  accurately  made,  on 
Engines  whofe  Parts  are  large  and  excellently  per-  . 
formed,  they  will  lofe  f and  fometimes  j of  the  calcu- 
lated Quantity. 

However,  the  Perfeftions  or  Errors  of  Engines  are 
to  be  compared  together,  by  the  calculated  Quantities 
or  Forces  ; for  as  they  differ  in  thofe,  they  will  propor- 
tionably  differ  in  their  a&ual  Performances. 

The  Power  by  which  the  Wheels  are  moved. 

The  Weight  of  the  Pillar  of  Water  on  a Forcer  7 
Inches  Diameter,  and  120  Foot  high. 

7x7  = 49ft  The  Pounds  Averdupoife  in 
40  Yards  high,  [a  Yard  nearly. 

1 960  tt>  on  one  Forcer. 

8 Forcers  always  lifting. 

The  wholeWeight  i5’68oft  = 1406^.==  yTunWeight 
on  the  Engine  at  once. 

Then  the  Crank  pulls  the  Libra  3 Feet  from  the 
Forcer,  and  8,3  Feet  from  the  Center, 

7 Tun 

' - i ■ 


8,3)79.1  (9,?  Tun  on  the  Crank.  t«». 

Wallower  1,2)9, 5^(4, 3 onTrundle, 
The  Spur  Wheel  4 

The  Radius  of  the  great  Wheel  10)  17,2/1,72  Tun. 

20 

The  Force  on  the  Floats  18  Ct.  40  lb  34,40  Ct. 

But  to  allow  for  Friftion  and  Velocity,  may  be  reck- 
oned 1 Tun  S. 

The 


C ti  ) 

The  Ladles  or  Paddles  14?  _ 
Foot  long,  18  Inches  deep,--  5 ~ 
The  Failof  Water  isfometiraes 


11,4  ^uare  Feet  . 

t 

i Feet. 


44,8 

6 Gall,  in  a Cub.Ft. 


)i68,8 

10,  tb  in  a Gallon. 

iii)i6%$.(i4  Hundred. 


The  Feloeity  of  the  Water,  4 Feet  in  11"1  of  Time. 
11 — 4 Ft. : : — 60":  = 63  f Feet  per  Minute. 
TheVelocity  of  the  Wheel  =310  Feet^r  Minute. 
Quantity  expended  on  the  Wheel,  according  to  the 
Velocity  of  the  Stream  1433  Hogfheadsyw  Second. 

But  at  the  Velocity  of  the  Wheel  645  Hoglheads  per 
Second. 

The  Velocity  of  the  Wheel  to  the  Velocity  of  the 
Water,  as  1 to  11. 


Some  Obfervations  on  thefe  Water- Works. 

Although  they  may  juftly  be  efteemed  as  good  as 
any  in  Europe,  yet  are  there,  as  I conceive,  fothe 
Things  which  might  be  altered  very  much  for  the 
better. 

Firjl , If  inftead  of  fixteen  Forcers  they  worked 
only  eight,  the  Stroke  might  be  five  Feet  in  each  For- 
cer, which  would  draw  a great  deal  more  Water  with 
the  fame  Power  on  the  Wheel ; for  then  there  would 
be  but  half  the  opening  and  Ihutting  of  Valves,  confe- 
quently  but  half  that  Lofs:  And  a five  Foot  Stroke 
draws  above  double  the  Quantity  of  two  Strokes 
of  i*  each,  by  near  f,  in  regard  the  Velocity  is 

B 2 double, 


( \t  ) 

double,  which  is  the  moft  valuable  Confideration 
in  an  Engine,  where  the  Pipes  will  fuftain  fuch 
Force. 

Secondly , The  Bores  that  carry  off  the  Water  from 
the  Forcers  are  too  fmall,  there  being  (nearly)  always 
two  Pillars  of  7 Inches  Diameter,  forcing  into  one  Pipe 
of  the  fame  Diameter,  and  7 x 7 = 49  + 49  ==  98. 

Therefore  thofe  Pipes  of  Conveyance  fhould  be  near 
nine  Inches  Diameter. 

The  Perfections  of  the  Machine. 

The  Timber-work  is  all  admirably  well  performed, 
and  the  Corapofition  and  Contrivance,  for  Strength  and 
Ufefulnefs,  not  exceeded  by  any  I have  feen. 

The  caft  Iron  Cranks  are  better  than  wrought  ones, 
by  reafon  they  are  very  ftiff,  and  will  not  be  /trained, 
but  fooner  break  } but  then  they  are  cheap,  and  new 
ones  eafily  put  in. 

The  Wedge  for  putting  on  or  releafing  the  Crank 
and  Forcers,  is  better  than  the  Hiding  Sockets  common- 
ly ufed. 

The  forcing  Barrels,  Trunks, and  all  their  Apparatus, 
are  very  curioufly  contrived  for  putting  together,  mend- 
ing, altering  or  cleanfing,  and  fubjeft  to  as  little  Fridion 
as  pofli'ole  in  that  Part. 

The  Machine  for  raifing  and  falling  the  Wheels  is 
very  good,  though  but  feldom  ufed,  as  they  tell  me  j 
for  they  will  goatalmoft  any  Depth  of  Water,  and  as 
the  Tide  turns,  the  Wheels  go  the  fame  Way  with  it. 

Thefe  Machines  at  London-Bridge  are  far  fuperior 
to  thofe  fo  much  famed  at  Marly  in  France , in  re- 
gard the  latter  are  very  ill  defigned  in  their  Cranks, 
and  feme  other  Parts. 

III.  Epifiola 


<«3) 

III.  Epiftola  continens Hiftoriam  Calcul  I 
in  Vefica  fponte  fratti,  Or  per  Urethram  f dicker 
excreti  5 ad  Illuftrem  Generojiffimumque  Virum 
D.  Fred,  de  Thom,  Sereriijfimo  D u c i 
Brunsvicensi  etLunebur- 
G E N S I a Conjiliis , Oratorem  ejus  apud 
Potentiflimum  Magnj:  Britan- 
nia R E G E M,  nec  non  <2^.  S’.  5.  a La  u- 
RENTIO  HeISTERO,  M.  D.  frof. 
<Botan.  in  Acad . Julia  Helmftadii,  Or  %S.  S. 
conjcriptcu 

CU  M nuper,  Vir  Prasftantiffime,  qualemcunque 
apparatum  meumSc  Anatomicum  <3cChirurgicum 
di  Botanicum,  aliafque  res  6i  naturalcs  & praster-natu- 
rales  infpicere  dignatus  fis,  atque  inter  alia  Calculos 
Veficae  in  homine  vivo  in  vefica  fponte  fraftos,  5c  per 
urethram  feliciter  excretos  Tibi  demonftraverim,  fi- 
mulque  monuerim,  hoc  quam  rarifiime  contingere,  <5c 
propterea  folutionem  calculi  in  vefica  a quam  plurimis, 
atque  cum  primis  etiam  ab  Anglis  recenfioribus  impof- 
fibilem  haberi  pronunciarique,  rogafti,  utTibi  propediem 
inAngliam  redeunti,  fruftula  nonnulla  horum  calculo- 
rum  cum  breviquadam  hiftoria  five  defcriptione  darem, 
quae  Academite  Regke  Londinenfi,  cujus  membrum  es 
digniflimum,  offerres,  ut  Ipfa  infolitam  atque  inufitatam 
hanc  rem  videre,  ulterioriquefcrutiniofubjicere,  imo  &C 
incredulos  rem  ita  vere  act  im  efle  perfuadere  pofiit. 
Quare  cum  praecipue  id  rnihi  negotii  datum  efie  exifti- 
mem,ut  verutn  in  unaquaque  re  pateat,  atque  fcientice  ar* 
tefque  liberales  hoc  ipfo  melius  perficiantur  atque  auge- 

antur, 


( «4  ) 

antur,  mitto  Tibi  hac  occafione  nonnulla  horum  cal- 
culorum  fruftula,  cam  brevi  &C  veraads  rei  hiftoria. 

Eft  nimirum  his  in  terris  Brunfvicenfibus  in  Coe- 
nobio  feculari,  quod  Marienthal  appellatur,  &C  ad 
bora  circiter  diftantiam  ab  Helmftadio,  celebri 
Academiae  Julias  fede,  fitum  eft,  rerum  oeconomica- 
rum  hujus  Ccenobii  Prasfeftus,  nomine  Widmannus, 
Vir  fexagenario  major,  fed  robuftus  5C  duro  vitae 
victufque  generi  adfuetus,  qui  per  plures  annos  primo 
calculo  renum  fspe  <3c  vehementer  laboravit,  eorum- 
que  fenfim  magnam  copiam,  quorum  multi  Pifi  mag- 
nitudinem  fuperarunt,  per  iter  urinas  haud  fine  magnis 
doloribus  excrevit.  Tandem  vero  quatuor  ab  hinc  an- 
nis  calculi  quoque  veficas  omnia  percepit  fymptomata, 
ita,  ut  faspe  non  nifi  maximis  cruciatibus  in  pubis  5c 
perinati  regione  perceptis  urinam  excernere  voluerit. 
Tandem  vero  anno  1718,  poftquam  aliquamdiu  variis, 
ut  fieri  his  in  cafibus  folet,  ufus  erat  remediis,  & in- 
primis  Tinftura  antinephritica,  ut  vocant  Lipfienfi  five 
Rothiana,  atque  fimul  cerevifiam  illam  his  in  regio- 
nibus  contra  calculum  celeberrimam,  quae  Regis  Lu- 
teras  vulgo  3K6lltffSs3LUttCt>  oppido  Brunfvicenfi,  coqui- 
tur,  &C  quam  DuCfiftCltt  appellant,  hancque  ob  cau- 
fam  in  loca  five  urbes  remotiflimas  devehitur,  continuo 
pro  potu  ordinario  hauferat,  aliquando  vehementes 
inter  mingendum  dolores,  nifum  & conftriftionem  in 
vefica,  fenfumque  eo  ipfo,  ac  fi  calculus,  five  calculi 
in  vefica  frangerentur  ac  diffilirent,  percepit,  eoque 
ipfo  mox  aliquot  fruftula  calculi  frafti  cum  lotio  de- 
jecit,  qus  deinde  per  plures  dies  alia  fecuta  funt,  do- 
nee tandem  ab  eis  liberatus  bene  atque  pancratice  ab 
omnibus  6c  calculis  <5c  calculi  doloribus,  immunis 
nunc  vivat.  Calculos  plures  una  in  hoc  viro  fuilfe 
1 majores. 


( *5  ) 

majores,  quam  ut  integri  per  urethram  tranfire  potu- 
ilfent,  docent  primo  diverfus  color  diverforum  fruftu- 
lorum,  quorum  nonnulla  fufcum  obtinent  colorem, 
alia  flavefcentem  ad  fulphuris  colorem  aliquo  modo 
accedentem,  quemadmodum  ex  his  adjeEtis  fruftulis 
perfpicere  eft.  Deinde  id  evincunt  diverfa  horum 
fruftulorum  fegmenta  : quorum  alia  majoris  alia  mino- 
ris  arcus  fegmenta  funt,  Quod  ad  numerum  attinet 
fruftorum,  centum  circiter  ejufmodi  mihi  dedit,  qua- 
lia  Tibi,  Vir  amiciflime,  nunc  offero,  qute  ex  matula 
collegit.  Sanfte  vero  mihi  affirmavit,  magnam  eorum, 
imo  forte  adhuc  majorem  copiam  in  terrain  decidiffe 
& periiife,  cum  fepe  ruri,  vel  in  fylvis,  vel  in  fta- 
bulis  ad  res  domefticas  curandas  degens,  mejendi 
ftimulo  fuerit  correptus,  atque  fie  multa  cum  urina 
vel  in  terrain,  vel  inter  herbas  aut  ftramina  ejece- 
rit.  Nonnulla  horum  fruftulorum  dimidium  pol- 
licem  aequant,  plura  minora  funt,  eorumque  fuper- 
ficies  externa  convexa,  interna  in  plerifque  concava, 
alia  nucleum,  ut  vocant,  calculi  adhuc  exhibent. 

Habes  igitur,  Vir  generofiflime,  exeraplum  recens 
certum,  quamplurimis  hie  5l  in  vicinia  noturn, 
calculi  veficas  diifoluti  Sc  excreti  fine  lithotomia,  ubi 
Vir,  qui  eo  laboravit,  adhuc  hodie,  dum  base  feribo, 
vivit  8c  valet.  Ipfeque  Vir  eft  honeftus,  antiqu®  6c 
germane  fidei,  cui,  ut  hac  in  re  fallat  aut  mentiatur, 
nuila  eft  caufa.  Notus  eft  morbus  olim  perpeffus 
hominibus  quamplurimis ; nota  jam  eft  ejus  fecunda 
valetudo  omnibus,  qui  eum  norunt.  Calculorum 
fractorum  ingens  copia  5C  facies,  quod  revera  e vefi- 
ca  fint,  rem  ulterius  confirmat,  ita,  ut  certi  effe  polli- 
mus,  hasc  frufta  revera  in  vefica  ejus  integros  calcu- 
los  fuiffe,  qui  poftea  in  vefica,  nelcio  utrum  medi- 

camentorum, 


( "5  ) 


camentorum,  an  cerevifise  illius,  an  nature  beneficio 
difrupti  6C  expulfi  fint.  Ex  fegmentis  fruftulorum 
valde  convexi?,  quae  hie  mitto,  & quae  adhuc  adfervo, 
judicare  licet,  vix  ullum  illorum  calculorum  nucem 
mofehatam  fuperafie,  plures  vero  tninores  fuifte.  In- 
terea  tamen  folutionem  calculorum  in  vefica  haud 
prorfus  impoflibilem  effe,  mihi  evincere  videntur,  licet 
res  forte  quam  rarifiime  contingat.  Vale  mihique  fave. 

Dab.  Helmjladii  in  Acade- 
mia Julia  ipjis  Calendis 
Oftobris,  m itCC  xxx. 


IV.  A Letter  from  the  (peVerend  William  Der- 
ham,  T>.  V.  Canon  of  Windfor,  and 
F.  <!(.  S.  to  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  (Bar* 1-  Br<zf.  Coll. 
Med.  isr  $(.  S.  concerning  the  FROST  in 
January,  173?. 

H E late  Froft  having  been  almoft  as  intenfe  as 


any  that  hath  been  for  many  Years,  I fend  you 
my  Account  of  it;  which  if  you  think  worth  the 
Cognizance  of  the  Royal  Society , be  pleafed  to  impart 
it  to  them. 

•In  the  Pkilofopkical  Tran  factions  for  November 
and  December,  1709,  Numb.  314,  I have  given  an 
Account  of  fome  of  the  moft  remarkable  Frofts  that 

I could  find  any  Relation  of ; and  particularly  of  that 
great  and,  I had  almoft  faid,  univerfal  one  in  1708, 
which  the  Society  had  very  good  Hiftories  of  from 
divers  Parts,  and  which,  in  that  LranfaSlion,  I have 
given  an  Account  of  from  the  Original  Papers,  which 


the 


( & ) 

the  Society  was  pleafed  to  do  me  the  Honour  to  en- 
truft  me  with. 

In  that  T’ranfatfion  I have  made  it  very  probable, 
that  the  greateft  Defcent  of  the  Spirits  in  the  Thermo- 
meter, was  on  December  30,  1708,  when  my  Glafs 
was  within  one  Tenth  of  an  Inch  as  low  as  it  is  with 
artificial  Freezing  with  Snow  or  Ice  and  Salt : And  in 
the  late  Froft  it  was  altnoft,  if  not  altogether,  as 
low. 

The  Freezing-Point  of  my  Thermometer  is  10 
Inches  (which  I call  100  Degrees)  above  the  Giobe 
of  Spirits  ^ and  the  molt  intenfe  Freezing  (according 
to  the  Methods  I have  mentioned  in  that  FranfaUion ) 
is  juft  at,  or  very  little  within  the  Ball.  And  on  Ja- 
nuary 30,  about  Sun-rifing,  the  Thermometer  was  but 
an  Inch,  or  10  Degrees  above  the  Point  of  extreme 
Freezing ; and  on  February  3,  at  only  half  an  Inch, 
Or  y Degrees.  And  confidering  that  the  Thermometer 
I obferved  with  in  1708,  was  lefs  accurate,  and  differ- 
ently graduated  from  that  which  I now  have,  I am 
apt  to  think,  that  the  Froft  on  February  3 laft,  was 
altogether  as  intenfe  as  that  on  December'  30,  1708. 
For  although  a Frigorifick  Mixture  funk  the  Spirits 
but  one  Tenth  lower  in  the  old  Thermometer,  and 
about  y or  6 Tenths  in  that  I now  obferve  with,  yet 
I take  the  Difference  to  be  little,  or  none  at  all,  by 
reafon  of.  the  Tendernefs  of  the  new  above  the  old 
Glafs. 

And  this  Degree  of  Cold  I take  to  be  as  exceffive  as 
in  any  of  the  Years  mentioned  in  the  faid  Franfadtion  j 
yea,  any  of  the  Years,  when  the  Fbames  at  London  was 
frozen  over  : 1 am  fure  colder  than  in  the  Year  1716, 

C when 


( 1 8 ) 

when  that  River  was  frozen  over  for  feveral  Miles,  and 
Booths  andStreets  were  made  on  the  Ice,  an  Ox  roafted 
thereon,  &c.  For  the  lowed  Point  of  Freezing  in  1716, 
was  on  January  7,  when  the  Spirits  fell  to  3?  Degrees 
only  of  the  Glafs  I now  make  ufe : But  the  true 
Caufe  of  the  freezing  of  the  Thames  that  Year  was  not 
barely  the  Excefsof  the  Cold,  but  the  long  Continu- 
ance of  it : Which  was  alfo  the  principal  Caufe  of 
thofe  remarkable  Congelations  of  that  River  in  1683 
and  1708,  when  I faw  Coaches  driven  over  the  Ice, 
large  Fires  made  on  it,  I am,  with  great  Re- 

fped. 

Honoured  SIR, 

Tours , 

- . ^ . _ ' • f ■ f • T . - V;  ' f 

William  Derham. 


V.  A Letter  to  Cromwell  Mortimer,  M.  D. 
Seer.  5^.  5.  containing  federal  Experiments  con- 
cerning Electricity  3 by  Mr.  Stephen  Gray. 

SIR, 

IN  the  Year  1719  I communicated  to  Dr.  Defagu - 
Iters,  and  fome  other  Gentlemen,  a Difcovery  I 
had  then  lately  made,  (hewing  that  the  EleCtrick  Ver- 
tue  of  a Glafs  Tube  may  be  conveyed  to  any  other 
Bodies,  fo  as  to  give  them  the  fame  Property  of  attract- 
ing 


Upmnfter t Feb. 
13th,  i73f* 


( i9) 

ing  and  repelling  light  Bodies,  as  the  Tube  does,  when 
excited  by  rubbing  ; that  this  attradive  Vertue  might 
be  carried  to  Bodies  that  were  many  Feet  diftant 
from  the  Tube.  On  May  the  ill  Dr  Defaguliers 
made  a Report  of  the  Experiments  he  had  feen,  to  the 
Royal  Society  j I thenpromifed  to  communicate  a more 
particular  Account  of  thefe Experiments  to  the  Society  \ 
but  as  I was  the  next  Day  to  go  into  the  Country, 
where  I knew  that  I fhould  have  the  Opportunity  of 
carrying  on  the  Experiments  much  farther  than  I had 
yet  done,  for  want  of  Room  in  my  Chamber,  which 
was  not  large  enough  for  carrying  on  feveral  other 
Experiments  I had  in  View  ; 1 was  willing,  as  I had 
begun  the  Difcovery,  to  carry  it  on  as  much  farther  as 
I could,  before  I communicated  it  to  the  Royal  Society , 
which  I now  humbly  offer  to  their  Conlideration. 

In  February  171%,  I repeated  fome  of  the  Experi- 
ments I had  formerly  made,  in  the  firfl  Difcovery  of  an 
Eledrical  Attraffion  in  many  Bodies,  not  before  known 
to  have  that  Property,  which  I communicated  to  the 
Royal  Society.  An  Account  of  thofe  Experiments  is 
given  in  the  Philofophical  T ranfaclions,  N°  3 66.  I 
made  feveral  Attempts  on  the  Metals,  to  fee  whether 
they  might  not  be  made  attradive  by  the  fame  Method 
as  other  Bodies  were,  viz.  by  heating,  rubbing  and 
hammering,  but  without  any  Succefs  : I then  refolved 
to  procure  me  a large  Flint-Glafs  Tube,  to  fee  if  I could 
make  any  farther  Difcovery  with  it,  having  called  to 
Mind  a Sufpicion  which  fome  Years  ago  I had,  that  as 
the  Tube  communicated  a Light  to  Bodies,  when  it 
was  rubbed  in  the  Dark,  whether  it  might  not  at  the 
fame  Time  communicate  an  Eledricity  to  them,  though 

C x L 


( *o  ) 

I never  till  now  tried  the  Experiment,  not  imagining 
the  Tube  could  have  fo  great  and  wonderful  an  Influ- 
ence, as  to  caufe  them  to  attrad  with  fo  much  -Force, 
or  that  the  Attradion  would  be  carried  to  fuch  prodi- 
giousDiftances,  as  will  be  found  in  the  Sequel  of  this 
Difcourfe. 

Before  I proceed  to  the  Experiments,  it  may  be  ne- 
celfary  to  give  a Defcription  of  the  Tube : Its  Length  is 
three  Feet  five  Inches,  and  near  one  Inch  two  Tenths 
in  Diameter : I give  the  mean  Dimenfions,  the  Tube 
being  larger  at  each  End  than  in  the  Middle,  the  Bore 
about  one  Inch.  To  each  End  I fitted  a Cork,  to  keep 
the  Duft  out  when  theTube  was  not  in  ufe. 

The  firfl  Experiment  I made,  was  to  fee  if  I could 
find  any  Difference  in  its  Attradion,  when  the  Tube 
was  flopped  at  both  Ends  by  the  Corks,  or  when  left 
open,  but  could  perceive  no  fenfible  Difference  • but 
upon  holding  a Down-Feather  over  againfl  the  upper 
End  of  the  Tube,  I found  that  it  would  go  to  the 
Cork,  being  attraded  and  repelled  by  it,  as  by  the 
Tube  when  it  had  been  excited  by  rubbing.  I then 
held  the  Feather  over  againfl  the  flat  End  of  the  Cork 
which  attraded  and  repelled  many  Times  together ; at 
which  I was  much  furprized,  and  concluded  that  there 
was  certainly  an  attradive  Vertue  communicated  to  the 
Cork  by  the  excited  Tube. 

Having  by  me  an  Ivory  Ball  of  about  one  Inch 
three  Tenths  Diameter,  with  a Hole  through  it,  this 
I fixed  upon  a Fir-Stick  about  four  Inches  long,  thruft- 
ing  the  other  End  into  the  Cork,  and  upon  rubbing  the 
Tube,  found  that  the  Ball  attracted  and  repelled  the 
Feather  with  more  Vigour  than  the  Cork  had  done, 

repeat- 


( 11  ) 

repeating  its  Attraftions  and  Repulfions  for  many  Times 
together : I then  fixed  the  Ball  on  longer  Sticks,  firfl 
upon  one  of  eight  Inches,  and  afterwards  upon  one  of 
twenty-four  Inches  long,  and  found  the  Effed  the  fame. 
Then  I made  ufe  of  firfl  Iron,  and  then  Brafs  Wire,  to 
fix  the  Ball  on,  inferring  the  other  End  of  the  Wire  in 
the  Cork,  as  before,  and  found  that  the  Attraction  was 
the  fame  as  when  the  Fir-Sticks  were  made  ufe  of,  and 
that  when  the  Feather  was  held  over  againft  any  Part 
of  the  Wire,  it  was  attracted  by  it ; but  though  it 
was  then  nearer  the  Tube,  yet  its  Attraction  was  not 
foflrong  as  that  of  the  Ball.  When  the  Wire  of  two 
or  three  Feet  long  was  ufed,  its  Vibrations,  caufed  by 
rubbing  the  Tube,  made  it  fomewhat  troublefome  to 
be  managed  : This  put  me  upon  thinking,  whether  if 
the  Ball  was  hung  by  a Packthread,  and  fufpended  by  a 
Loop  on  the  Tube,  theEledricity  would  not  be  carri- 
ed down  the  Line  to  the  Ball  : I found  it  to  fucceed 
accordingly  ^ for  upon  fufpending  the  Ball  on  the  Tube 
by  a Packthread  about  three  Feet  long,  when  the  Tube- 
had  been  excited  by  rubbing,  the  Ivory  Ball  attraded 
and  repelled  the  Leaf-Brafs,  over  which  it  was  held,  as 
freely  as  it  had  done,  when  it  was  fufpended  on  Sticks, 
or  Wire;  as  did  alfo  a Ball  of  Cork,  and  another  of 
Lead  that  weighed  one  Pound  and  a quarter. 

After  I had  found  that  the  feveral  Bodies  above- 
mentioned  had  an  Eledricity  communicated  to  them, 

I then  went  on  to  fee  upon  what  other  Bodies  the 
Tube  would  have  the  fame  Effect,  beginning  witli  the 
Metals,  fufpending  them  on  the  Tube  by  the  Method 
above-mentioned  j firfl:  in  fmall  Pieces,  as  with  a Gui- 
nea, a Shilling,  a Half-penny,  a Piece  of  Block-Tin, 

a 


( 11  ) 

a Piece  of  Lead  ; then  with  larger  Quantities  of  Metal, 
fufpending  them  on  the  Tube  by  Packthread.  Here  I 
made  ufe  of  a Fire-Shovel,  Tongs,  and  Iron  Poker,  * a 
Copper  Tea-Kettle,  which  fucceeded  the  fame,  whe- 
ther empty,  or  full  of  either  cold  or  hot  Water  ; a 
Silver  Pint  Pot  ^ all  which  were  ftrongly  Eleftrical, 
attracting  the  Leaf-Brafs  to  the  Hight  of  feveral  Inches* 
After  I had  found  that  the  Metals  were  thus  Electri- 
cal, I went  on  to  make  Trials  on  other  Bodies,  as  Flint- 
Stone,  Sand-Stone,  Load-Stone,  Bricks,  Tiles,  Chalk ; 
and  then  on  feveral  vegetable  Subftances,  as  well  green 
as  dry,  and  found  that  they  had  all  of  them  an  Eledrick 
Vertue  communicated  to  them,  either  by  being  fufpended 
on  the  Tube  by  a Line,  or  fixed  on  the  End  of  it  by 
the  Method  above-mentioned. 

I next  proceeded  to  try  at  what  greater  Diftances 
the  EleCtrick  Vertue  might  be  carried,  and  having  by 
me  Part  of  a hollow  walking  Cane,  which  I fup- 
pofe  was  Part  of  a Fifhing*Rod,  two  Feet  feven 
Inches  long ; I cut  the  great  End  of  it,  to  fit  it  into  the 
Bore  of  the  Tube,  into  which  it  went  about  five  Inches ; 
then  when  the  Cane  was  put  into  the  End  of  the  Tube, 
and  this  excited,  the  Cane  drew  the  Leaf-Brafs  to 
the  Hight  of  more  than  two  Inches,  as  did  alfo  the 
Ivory  Ball,  when  by  a Cork  and  Stick  it  had  been  fix- 
ed to  the  End  of  the  Cane.  A folid  Cane  had  the 
fame  Effeft,  when  inferted  in  the  Tube  after  the  fame 
Manner  as  the  hollow  one  had  been.  I then  took  the 
two  upper  Joints  of  a large  Fifhing-Rod,  the  one  of  Spa . 
nijh  Cane,  the  other  partly  Wood  and  the  upper  End 
Whale-bone,  which,  together  with  the  Tube,  made  a 
Length  of  more  than  fourteen  Feet.  Upon  the  lefier 

End 


( *3  ) 

End  of  the  Whale-bone  was  fixed  a Ball  of  Cork  of 
about  an  Inch  and  quarter  Diameter ; then  the  great  End 
of  the  Rod  being  inferted  in  the  Tube,  the  Leaf-Brafs 
laid  on  the  Table,  and  the  Tube  excited,  the  Ball  at- 
traded  the  Leaf-Brafs  to  the  Might  of  about  three 
Inches  by  Eftimation.  With  feveral  Pieces  of  Spanifi 
Cane  and  Fir-Sticks  lafterwards  made  a Rod,  which,  to- 
gether with  the  Tube,  was  fomewhat  more  than  eighteen 
Feet  long,  which  was  the  greateft  Length  I could  con- 
veniently ufe  in  my  Chamber,  and  found  the  Attracti- 
on very  nearly,  if  not  altogether  as  ftrong,  as  when  the 
Ball  was  placed  on  Ihorter  Rods.  Thus  far  I proceed- 
ed before  I went  into  the  Country,  which  I did  the 
zd  of  May , 1719,  taking  with  me  feveral  Glafs  Canes,, 
and  fuch  othfr  Materials  1 thought  would  be  neceffary, 
and  could  not  well  be  procured  there.  I (hall  now 
give  an  Account  of  the  Experiments  I then  made,  fome 
of  which  were  made  at  Norton-Court  near  Fever - 
jhamxn  Kent , at  my  honoured  Friend’s  John  God - 
frey's,  Efq-,  the  other  at  Otterden-Place , at  my  ho- 
noured Friend’s  Gr anvil  WhelePs,  Efq:,'  a worthy 
Member  of  the  Royal  Socitty,  with  whom  I have  had 
the  Honour  to  be  lately  acquainted.  1 lhall  fet  down 
each  Experiment  in  the  Order  of  the  Time  and  Place 
they  were  made,  as  I find  it  in  my  Notes. 

The  firft  Experiment  was  made  at  Norton-Court, 
May  14th,  1719,  between  fix  and  feven  o’Clock  in 
the  Evening.  Having  provided  a Rod  of  about  twenty- 
four  Feet,  that  confifted  of  a Fir-Pole,  of  Cane,  and 
the  Top  of  Reed,  upon  the  End  of  which  the  Ball  of 
Cork  was  placed,  and  the  great  End  of  the  Rod  put 
into  the  Tube  about  feven  or  eight  Inches:  then  the 

Leaf- 


( 24  ) 

Leaf-Brafs  being  laid  down,  and  the  Tube  rubbed, 
the  Ball  attraded  and  repelled  the  Leaf-Brafs  with 
Vigour  ; fo  that  it  was  not  at  all  to  be  doubted,  but 
with  a longer  Pole  the  Electricity  would  have  been  car- 
ried much  farther. 

May  the  16th,  I made  a Rod  thirty-two  Feet  long, 
including  the  Tube  ; the  bigger  Part  of  it  was  a Fir- 
Staff  about  fix  Feet  and  a half  long,  the  reft  was  of 
Cane,  and  Reed  for  the  top  Part  of  it.  All  Things 
being  prepared,  as  before,  the  Effed  was  the  fame  as 
in  the  laft  Experiment,  only  the  Pole  bending  fo  much, 
and  vibrating  by  rubbing  the  Tube,  made  it  more  trou- 
blefome  to  manage  the  Experiment.  This  put  me  upon 
making  the  following  Ex  periments, 

May  the  19th,  about  fix  in  the  Morning,  the  Ivory 
Ball  being  fufpended  on  the  Tube,  by  a Line  of  Pack- 
thread twenty-fix  Feet  long,  which  was  the  Hight,  I 
flood  at  in  the  Balcony,  from  the  Court  where  he 
flood,  that  held  the  Board  with  the  Leaf-Brafs  on  it  ; 
then  the  Tube  being  rubbed,  attraded  the  Leaf-Brafs 
to  the  Hight  of  near  two  Inches,  as  he  that  affifted 
informed  me.  This  was  repeated  with  the  Cork  Ball 
with  the  fame  Succefs. 

May  the  3 1 ft,  in  the  Morning,  to  a Pole  of  eighteen 
Feet  there  was  tied  a Line  of  thirty-four  Feet  inLength; 
fo  that  the  Pole  and  Line  together  were  fifty-two 
Feet.  With  the  Pole  and  Tube  I flood  in  the  Balco- 
ny, the  Afliftant  below  in  the  Court,  where  he  held 
the  Board  with  the  Leaf-Brafs  on  it j then  the  Tube 
being  excited  as  ufual,  the  Eledrick  Vertue  pafledfrom 
the  Tube  up  the  Pole,  and  down  the  Line  to  the  Ivory 
Ball,  which  attraded  the  Leaf-Brafs,  and  as  the  Ball 

paffed 


( 2J  ) 

pa  (Ted  over  it  in  its  Vibrations,  the  Leaf-Brafs  would 
follow  it,  till  it  was  carried  off  the  Board : But  thefe 
Experiments  are  difficult  to  make  in  the  open  Air,  the 
leaft  Wind  that  is  ftirring,  carrying  away  the  Leaf- 
Brafs. 

Some  Time  after  I made  feveral  Attempts  to  carry 
the  Eleftrick  Vertue  in  a Line  horizontally,  fince  I 
had  not  the  Opportunity  here  of  carrying  it  from 
greater  Hights  perpendicularly,  but  without  Succefs, 
for  want  of  then  making  ufe  of  proper  Materials,  as 
will  appear  from  what  follows.  The  firft  Method  I 
made  Trial  of,  was  by  making  a Loop  at  each  End  of 
a Line,  and  hanging  it  on  a Nail  drove  into  a Beam, 
the  other  End  hanging  downwards,  through  the  Loop 
at  this  End  the  Line  with  the  Ivory  Ball  was  put  j the 
other  End  of  this  Line  was  by  a Loop  hung  on  the 
Tube;  fo  that  that  Part  of  the  Line  next  the  Ball  hung 
Perpendicular,  the  reft  of  the  Line  Horizontal : Then 
the  Leaf-Brafs  being  laid  under  the  Ball,  and  the  Tube 
rubbed,  yet  not  the  leaft  Sign  of  Attraction  was  per- 
ceived. , Upon  this  I concluded,  that  when  the  Elec- 
trick  Vertue  came  to  the  Loop  that  was  fufpended  on 
the  Beam,  it  went  up  the  fame  to  the  Beam  ; fo  that 
none,  or  very  little  of  it  at  leaft,  came  down  to  the  Ball, 
which  was  afterwards  verified,  as  will  appear  by  the 
Experiments  that  will  be  mentioned  hereafter.  Upon 
this  I gave  over  making  any  farther  Attempts  of  car- 
rying the  Eleftricity  horizontally,  defigning  at  my  Re- 
turn to  London , if  I could  get  A.ffiftance,  to  have  tried 
the  Experiment  from  the  Top  of  the  Cupola  of  St. 
Paul's , not  doubting  but  the  Eleflrick  Attraction 

D would 


( i6  ) 

would  be  carried  down  perpendicular,  from  thence  to 
the  Ground. 

June  the  30th,  1719,  I went- to  Otter den-T lace, 
to  wait  on  Mr.  Wheler ■,  carrying  with  me  a fmall  fo- 
lid  GlafsCane  of  about  eleven  Inches  long,  and  feven 
eighth  Parts  of  an  Inch  in  Diameter,  with  fome  other 
requifite  Materials,  defigning  only  to  give  Mr.  Wheler 
a Specimen  of  my  Experiments.  The  firft  was  from 
the  Window  in  the  Long  Gallery  that  opened  into  the 
Hall,  the  Hight  about  fixteen  Feet ; the  next  from  the 
Battlements  of  the  Houfe  down  into  the  fore  Court, 
twenty-nine  Feet  ; then  from  the  Clock-Turret  to  the 
Ground,  which  was  thirty-four  Feet,  this  being  the 
greateft  Hight  we  could  come  at } and  notwithftanding 
the  Smallnefs  of  the  Cane,  the  Leaf-Brafs  was  attraded 
and  repelled  beyond  what  I expeded.  As  we  had  no 
greater  Hights  here,  Mr.  Wheler  was  defirous  to  try 
whether  we  could  not  carry  the  Eledrick  Vertue  hori- 
zontally. I then  told  him  of  the  Attempt  I had  made 
with  that  Defign,  but  without  Succefs,  telling  him  the 
Method  and  Materials  made  ufe  of,  as  mentioned  above... 
He  then  propofed  a Silk  Line  to  fupport  the  Line,  by 
which  the  Eledrick  Vertue  was  to  pafs.  I told  him  it 
might  do  better  upon  the  Account  of  its  Smallnefs  ; fo 
that  there  would  be  lefs  Vertue  carried  from  the  Line  of 
Communication,  with  which,  together  with  the  apt 
Method  Mr.  Wheler  contrived,  and  with  the  great 
Pains  he  took  himfelf,.  and  the  Affiftance  of  his  Ser- 
vant?, we  fucceeded  far  beyond  our  Expedition. 

The  firft  Experiment  was  made  in  the  matted  Gallery 
July  z,  1719,  about  Ten  in  the  Morning.  About  four 

Feet 


/ 


( *7  ) 

Feet  from  the  End  of  the  Gallery  there  was  a erofs 
Line  that  was  fixed  by  its  Ends  to  each  Side  of  the 
Gallery  by  two  Nails ; the  middle  Part  of  the  Line 
was  Silk,  the  reft  at  each  End  Packthread  ; then  the 
Line  to  which  the  Ivory  Ball  was  hung,  and  by  which 
the  Ele&rick  Vertue  was  to  be  conveyed  to  it  from 
the  Tube,  being  eighty  Feet  and  a half  in  Length, 
was  laid  on  the  crofs  Silk  Line,  fo  as  that  the  Ball 
hung  about  nine  Feet  below  it : Then  the  other  End  of 
the  Line  was  by  a Loop  fufpended  on  the  Glafs  Cane, 
and  the  Leaf-Brafs  held  under  the  Ball  on  a Piece  of 
white  Paper ; when  the  Tube  being  rubbed,  the  Ball 
attracted  the  Leaf-Brafs,  and  kept  it  fufpended  on  it  for 
fome  Time. 

This  Experiment  fucceeding  fo  well,  and  the  Gal- 
lery not  permitting  us  to  go  any  farther  in  one  Length, 
Mr.  JVhefor  thought  of  another  Expedient,  by  which 
we  might  encreafe  the  Length  of  our  Line,  which  was 
by  putting  up  another  crofs  Line  near  the  other  End  of 
the  Gallery  j and  over  the  Silk  Part  of  both  the  Lines 
there  was  laid  a Line  that  was  long  enough  to  be  re- 
turned to  the  other  End,  where  the  Ball  hung ; and 
though  now  both  Ends  of  the  Line  were  at  the  fame 
End  of  the  Gallery,  yet  Care  was  taken  that  the  Tube 
was  far  enough  off  from  having  any  Influence  upon  the 
Leaf-Brafs,  except  what  paffed  by.theLine  of  Commu- 
nication : Then  the  Cane  being  rubbed,  and  the  Leaf- 
Brafs  held  under  the  Ivory  Ball,  the  Eleftrick  Vertue 
paffed  by  the  Line  of  Communication  to  the  other  End 
of  the  Gallery,  and  returned  back  again  to  the  Ivory 
Ball,  which  attrafted  the  Leaf-Brafs,  and  fufpended  it  as 
before.  The  whole  Length  of  the  Line  was  147  Feet. 

D 2 We 


( 28  ) 

We  then  thought  of  trying  whether  the  Attraction 
would  not  be  ftronger  without  doubling  or  returning 
the  Line,  which  we  found  Means  of  doing  in  the- 
Barn,  where  we  had  a Line  of  114  Feet  long,  four- 
teen Feet  of  which  hung  perpendicular  from  the  Silk 
Line  ; and  now  the  Attraction  was,  as  we  then  con- 
cluded, ftronger  than  when  the  Line  was  returned,  as 
in  the  matted  Gallery. 

July  3,  having  now  brought  with  me  the  great 
Glafs  Tube,  between  Ten  and  Eleven  in  the  Morning 
we  went  again  into  the  Bam,  carrying  with  us  thefo- 
lid  Cane,  and  repeated  the  laft  mentioned  Experiment 
with  both  the  Tube  and  Cane  \ but  the  Attraction  was 
not  fo  ftrong  as  in  the  preceding  Evening,  nor  was  there 
fo  great  a Difference  in  the  Attraction  communicated 
by  the  folid  Cane  and  Glafs  Tube,  as  one  would  have 
expefted,  confidering  the  Difference  of  their  Lengths 
and  Diameters. 

We  then  proceeded  farther,  by  adding  fo  much  more 
Line  as  would  make  a Return  to  the  other  End  of  the 
Barn,  the  whole  Length  of  the  Line  being  now  293 
Feet  \ and  though  the  Line  was  fo  much  lengthened, 
' we  found  no  perceivable  Difference  in  the  Attraction, 
the  Ball  attracting  as  ftrongly  as  before.  This  encou- 
raged us  to  add  another  Return ; but  upon  beginning  to 
rub  the  Tube,  our  Silk  Lines  broke,  being  not  ftrong 
enough  to  bear  the  Weight  of  the  Line,  when  fhaken 
by  the  Motion  given  it  by  rubbing  the  Tube.  Upon 
this,  having  brought  with  me  both  Brafs  and  Iron 
Wire,  infteadof  the  Silk  we  put  up  final!  Iron  Wire  j 
but  this  was  too  weak  to  bear  the  Weight  of  the  Line. 
We  then  took  Brafs  Wire  of  a fomewhat  larger  Size 

than 


( *9  ) 

than  that  of  Iron.  This  fupported  our  Line  of  Com- 
munication ; but  though  the  Tube  was  well  rubbed, 
yet  there  was  not  the  leaft  Motion  or  Attraction  gi- 
ven by  the  Ball,  neither  with  the  great  Tube,  which 
we  made  ufe  of  when  we  found  the  fmall  folid  Cane 
to  be  ineffectual : By  which  we  were  now  convinced, 
that  the  Succefs  we  had  before,  depended  upon  the 
Lines  that  fupported  the  Line  of  Communication,  be- 
ing Silk,  and  not  upon  their  being  fmall,  as  before 
Trial  I imagined  it  might  be  ; the  fame  Effed  happen- 
ing here  as  it  did  when  the  Line  that  is  to  convey  the 
Eledrick  Vertue  is  fupported  by  Packthread  ; viz.  that 
when  the  Effluvia  come  to  the  Wire  or  Packthread 
that  fupports  the  Line,  it  paffes  by  them  to  the  Tim- 
ber, to  which  each  End  of  them  is  fixed,  and  fo  goes 
no  farther  forward  in  the  Line  that  is  to  carry  it  to  the 
Ivory  Ball. 

Finding  that  our  Silk  Threads  were  too  weak  to  bear 
many  Returns  of  Line,  Mr.  IVheler  thought  of  another 
Way  of  managing  them,  fo  that  fewer  Returns  might  be 
upon  each  Silk  Line ; which  was  by  placing  two  other 
crofs  Lines  fotne  Feet  below  the  upper  ones  ; fo  that 
every  other  Turn  of  Line  was  fufpended  by  the  lower 
crofs  Line.  By  this  Means  there  was  but  half  the 
Weight  of  Line  upon  each  Silk,  of  what  there  was 
when  only  two  crofs  Lines  were  made  ufe  of  as  be- 
fore. By  this  Contrivance,  we  could  add  a much 
greater  Length  of  Line,  without  Danger  of  breaking 
our  Silk.  We  then  put  up  a Line  that  was  666  Feet 
in  Length,  by  eight  Returns : Then  the  Leaf-Brafs  be- 
ing held  on  a Piece  of  white  Paper  under  the  Ivory 
Ball,  and  the  Tube,  with  the  otherEnd  of  the  Line 
i fufpended , 


( 3®  ) 

fufpended  on  if,  being  rubbed  for  fome  Time,  the 
Leaf-Brafs  was  attracted  as  manifeftly  as  it  had  been 
with  much  fhorter  Lines.  We  then  repeated  the  Expe- 
riment with  the  little  Ihort  folidCane,  and  found  there 
was  fomewhat  of  an  Attra&ion,  but  not  near  fo  great 
as  with  the  large  Tube. 

Though  the  going  and  returning  of  the  EleCtrick 
Effluvia  was  very  furprifing,  yet  we  were  willing  to 
try  how  far  the  attractive  Vertue  might  be  carried  in 
a continued  right  Line  ; the  Method  of  doing  which 
was  thus : That  End  of  the  Line  where  the  Attraction 
was  to  be  made,  was  fufpended  on  a Silk  Line  that  was 
fixed  crofsthe  Garret  Window  on  the  North-fide  of 
the  Houfe,  which  was  by  Eftimation  about  forty  Feet 
high  ; at  about  an  hundred  Feet  from  hence  two  Rods 
or  Poles  of  about  ten  Feet  long,  and  at  two  Feet  di- 
ftance  from  each  other,  were  drove  into  the  Ground, 
fo  as  that  they  flood  nearly  perpendicular.  Thefe 
were  in  the  great  Garden.  Beyond  thefe,  in  the  great 
Field,  that  is  feparated  from  the  Garden  by  a deep  Fofs, 
about  the  fame  Diftance  from  the  firfl,  were  another 
Pair  of  Poles  fixed ; then  four  others  at  a like  Diftance. 
Uj  n the  Ends  of  thefe  Poles  were  tied  the  crofs 
Lines  of  Silk,  to  fupport  the  Line  of  Communication, 
which  being  laid  on  the  Silk  Lines,  the  Ivory  Ball 
hanging  in  the  Garret  Window,  and  the  other  End  of 
the  Line  being  hung  by  a Loop  on  the  Tube,  the  Leaf- 
Brafs  was  held  under  the  Ball,  and  after  the  Tube  had 
been  rubbed  for  fome  Time,  they  called  to  me  to  let  me 
know  that  there  was  an  Attraction  of  the  Leaf-Brafs. 
This  was  feveral  Times  repeated  with  Succefs  ; then 
Mr.  fVheler  came  into  the  Field,  and  rubbed  the  Tube 

himfelf. 


( p ) 

himfelf,  that  I might  fee  there  was  an  Attraction  $ 
which  1 faw,  though  I perceived  it  not  to  be  fo  ftrong, 
as  when  the  Attraction  was  carried  by  a longer  Line, 
by  returning  it,  as  in  the  Experiments  above-menti- 
oned. The  Length  of  the  Line  was  65-0  Feet.  This 
was  feveral  Times  repeated,  but  the  Experiment  being 
made  in  the  Evening,  at  length  the  Dew  began  to  fall. 
We  began  about  Seven  o’Clock,  or  fome  little  Time 
after,  but  before  Eight  the  Attradion  ceafed:  But 
whether  this  was  caufed  by  the  Dew  falling,  or  by 
my  being  very  hot,  we  could  not  pofitively  fay,  but 
I'  rather  impute  it  to  the  latter.  This  Experiment  was 
made  July  14,  1719. 

Note,  That  though  we  call  the  carrying  the  Elec- 
trick  Vertue  by  the  Lines  in  this  Petition  Horizontal, 
you  are  not  tounderftand  it  in  a ftrict  Senfe,  as  may  1 
be  eafily  perceived  by  the  Defcription  of  the  Method  ; 
and  That  as  the  Line  fwagged  down  much  below  the 
Silk  Lines  that  fupported  it,  in  the  middle  Part  between 
thofe  Lines,  it  was  fome  Feet  longer  than  the  Diftance 
of  the  Poles. 

Some  Days  after  this  Experiment  was  repeated  from 
the  Turret  Clofet  Window,,  when  the  Line  was  7 65 
Feet,  and  the  Attraction  was  no  lefs  perceivable  than 
in  the  Experiment  above-mentioned. 

More  Experiments  made  at  Mr.  Wheler’j-,  Jhe'wing 
that  large  Surfaces  may  be  impregnated  'with 
Elettricl  Effluvia. 

A large  Map  of  the  World,  that  had  twenty. feven 
fquare  Feet  in  it  ^ a Table-Cloth  containing  fifty- 
nine  fquare  Feet-,  thefe  fufpended  on  the  Tube  by 

Pack- 


( 12  ) 

Packthreads,  became  EleCtrical.  An  Umbrello,  fuf- 
pended  by  a Packthread  tied  to  the  Handle  of  it,  be- 
came ftrongiy  Electrical. 

An  Experiment  propofed  by  Mr.  Wheler,  to  fee  whe- 
ther the  Ele  Brick  Fertue  would  be  any  Way 
kindred  by  the  magnetical  Effluvia  of  a Load- 
Jlone. 

This  had  a fmall  Key  hung  by  one  of  its  arming 
Irons,  and  the  Stone,  together  with  the  Key  hung  to 
it,  were  fufpended  on  the  Tube  by  a Packthread  ; 
then  the  T ube  being  rubbed,  the  Key  and  Stone  both 
attracted  the  Leaf-Brafs,  the  Attraction  being  the  fame 
as  that  of  other  Bodies. 

An  Experiment  made  to  few  that  the  Ele  Brick 
Fertue  is  carried  fever al  Ways  at  the fame  7 tmet 
and  may  be  conveyed  to  confderable  Diftances. 

There  was  made  three  Stands,  each  compofed  of 
two  upright  Pieces  of  Fir,  fixed  perpendicular,  near 
the  Ends  of  a long  fquare  Board,  diftant  from  each 
other  near  a Foot  and  a half.  Upon  the  Tops  of  thefe 
were  tied  Threads  of  Silk  to  fupport  the  Lines  of  Com- 
munication with  the  Tube  and  the  attracting  Bodies. 
One  of  thefe  Stands  was  placed  in  the  great  Parlour, 
near  the  farther  End  j another  in  the  little  Parlour,  and 
a third  in  the  Hall,  which  was  between  the  two  Par- 
lours : As  the  other  two  were  one  of  them  to  the  right, 
the  other  to  the  left  Hand,  this  lad  was  placed  near 
the  Hall-Window  forwards ; the  two  firfl  were  about 
fifty  Feet,  the  other  about  twenty  Feet  from  the  Place 

where 


( 33  ) 

where  the  Tube  was  held  ; then  there  w£re  taken  three 
fmall  fquare  Pieces  of  Wood,  that  were  tied  to  three 
Lines  of  Packthread  : Thefe  were  of  about  the  Lengths 
above-mentioned.  They  were  laid  on  the  Silk  Lines, 
and  by  Loops  at  the  other  Ends  were  fufpended  on  the 
Tube  ^ then  the  Leaf-Brafs  being  held  under  the 
Pieces  of  Wood,  and  the  Tube  rubbed,  they  all  of 
them  attrafted  the  Leaf-Brafs  at  the  fame  Time. 
Some  Time  after,  in  my  Abfence,  Mr.  Wheler  tried 
a red  hot  Poker,  and  found  that  the  Attraction  was 
the  fame  as  when  cold.  He  alfo  fufpended  a live 
Chick  upon  the  Tube,  by  the  Legs,  and  found  that 
the  Breaft  of  the  Chick  was  ftrongly  Electrical. 

At  Mr.  Godfrey’.?  1 made  the  following  Experi- 
ments ; pewing  that  the  EleCtrick  Vertue  may 
he  carried  from  the  Lube,  without  touching  the 
Line  of  Communication , by  only  being  held  near 

it. 

The  firft  of  thefe  Experiments  was  made  the  yth  of 
Augujl , 1719.  I fhali  here  mention  fome  of  the 
moft  confiderable  ones ; but  as  I did  not  always  fet 
down  the  Day  of  the  Month,  fome  of  them  may 
not  be  related  in  the  Order  of  Time  they  were 
made..;  nor  did  I always  mention  the  Length  of  the 
Lines,  thefe  not  being  thought  to  be  abfolutely  ne« 
ceffary. 

I took  a Piece  of  a Hair-Line,  fuch  as  Linnen- 
Cloaths  are  dried  on,  of  about  eleven  Feet  in  Length  ; 
which,  by  a Loop  at  the  upper  End  of  it,  was 
fufpended  on  a Nail,  that  was  drove  into  one  of 
the  Rafters  in  the  Garret;  and  had  at  its  lower  End 

E a 


( 14  > 

a leaden  Weight  of  fourteen  Pounds  hung  to  it  by  an 
Iron  Ring  : then  the  Leaf-Brafs  was  laid  under  the 
Weight,  and  the  Tube  rubbed,  and  being  held  near 
the  Line  without  touching  it,  the  Lead- Weight  at- 
tracted and  repelled  the  Leaf-Brafs  for  feveral  times 
together,  to  the  Hight  of  at  leaft  three,  if  not  four 
Inches.  If  the  Tube  was  held  three  or  four  Feet 
above  the  Weight,  there  would  be  an  Attraction ; but 
if  it  were  held  higher  up,  fo  as  to  be  near  the  Rafter 
where  the  Weight  was  hung  by  the  Hair-Line,  there 
would  be  no  Attraction. 

An  Experiment , (hewing  that  the  EleClrick  Vertue 
may  he  carried  feveral  Ways  at  the  fame  'Time , 
by  a Line  of  Communication , without  touching 
the faid  Line. 

There  were  taken  two  Hair-Lines,  of  between  four 
and  five  Feet  long ; to  each  of  thefe  was  tied  a fquare 
Piece  of  Cork,  by  Packthread  ^ the  Lines  were  fuf- 
pended  by  Loops  at  their  upper  Ends,  upon  two  Nails ; 
near  the  lower  Ends  there  was  tied  to  the  Hair-Lines 
a Piece  ef  Packthread,  by  which  there  was  a Com?- 
munication  between  the  two  Hair-Lines  j then  the 
Leaf-Brafs  laid  under  the  Corks,  the  T ube  being  rub- 
bed, and  held  near  one  of  the  Lines,  both  the  Corks 
attracted ; but  that  which  was  fartheft,  much  ftronger 
than  that,  near  which  the  Tube  was  held.  About  the 
Middle  of  the  Line  of  Communication  they  both  drew 
with  equal  Force. 


Some 


( 55  ) 

Some  Time  after-,  at  J/r.WhelerV,  we  made  the  fol- 
lowing Experiment , i/z  on&r  fry  whether  the 
Eleftrick  Attraction  be  proportional  to  the  Quan- 
tity of  Matter  in  Bodies. 

There  were  made  two  Cubes  of  Oak,  of  about  fix 
Inches  Square,  the  one  folid,  the  other  hollow  : Thefe 
were  fufpended  by  two  Hair-Lines,  nearly  after  the 
fame  Manner  as  in  the  Experiment  above-mentioned  ^ 
the  Diftance  of  the  Cubes  from  each  other,  was  by  Efti- 
mation,  about  fourteen  or  fifteen  Feet ; the  Line  of 
Communication  being  tied  to  each  Hair-Line,  and  the 
Leaf-Brafs  placed  under  the  Cubes,  the  Tube  was  rub- 
bed and  held  over  the  Middle  of  the  Line,  and  as  near 
as  could  be  gueffed,  at  equal  Diftances  from  the  Cubes, 
when  both  of  them  attracted  and  repelled  the  Leaf- 
Brafs  at  the  fame  Time,  and  to  the  fame  Hight  j fo 
that  there  feemed  to  be  no  more  Attraction  in  the 
folid  than  in  the  hollow  Cube  \ yet  I am  apt  to  think 
that  the  Eleftrick  Effluvia  pafs  through  all  the  inte- 
rior Parts  of  the  folid  Cube,  though  no  Part  but  the 
Surface  attracts  •,  for  from  feveral  Experiments  it  ap- 
pears, that  if  any  other  Body  touches  that  which  at- 
tracts, its  Attraction  ceafes  till  that  Body  be  removed, 
and  the  other  be  again  excited  by  the  T ube. 

A Continuation  of  the  Experiments  made  at 
Mr.  Godfrey’-)-. 

I next  went  on  with  an  Experiment,  to  fee  if  the 
EleCtrick  Vertue  might  not  be  conveyed  to  a Rod, 
without  inferting  it  into  the  Bore  of  the  Tube,  or 
without  touching  the  Rod,  which  I found  to  fucceed, 

E a by 


C ) 

by  fufpending  the  Rod  either  by  Lines  of  Silk,  or  by 
Pieces  of  Horfe-Hair  Filhing-Lines,  placing  a Ball  of 
Cork  on  the  leffer  End  of  the  Rod. 

Auguft  13)  I took  a large  Pole  that  was  twenty-feven 
Feet  long,  two  Inches  and  a half  Diameter  at  the  great 
End,  and  at  the  leffer  about  half  an- Inch  : It  was  that 
Sort  of  Wood  they  call  Horfe-Beech,  with  the  Rind 
on.  This  was  fufpended  by  two  Hair-Lines  of  about 
four  Feet  and  a half  in  Lengthy  the  firft  Line  was 
about  two  Feet  from  the  great  End  of  the  Pole,,  the 
other  about  eight  Feet  from  the  leffer  End;  fo  that  the 
Pole  hung  horizontal.  At  the  Tittle  End  of  the  Pole 
was  hung  a Ball  of  Cork  about  an  Inch  and  a half 
Diameter  by  a Packthread  about  a Foot  long,  and  a 
fmall  leaden  Ball  upon  the  Cork  to  keep  the  Packthread 
extended  : Then  the  Leaf-Brafs'  being  laid  under  the 
Cork,  the  Tube  rubbed  and  held  near  the  great  End 
of  the  Pole,  the  Cork  Ball  drew  the  Leaf-Brafs  ftrongly 
to  the  Hight  of  an  Inch,  if  not  more  : Then  the  Leaf- 
Brafs  being  held  under  feveral  Parts  of  the  Pole,  it 
was  attrafted  by  it,.,  as  Mr.  Godfrey  obferved,  but  not 
near  fo  ftrongly  as  the  Cork  did. 

About  the  Beginning  of  September  I made  the  fol- 
lowing Experiment , which  (hews  that  the  Elec- 
trick  Effluvia  will  be  carried  in  a Circle,  and  be 
communicated  from  one  Circle  to  another . 

There  was  taken  a Hoop  of  about  two  Feet 
two  Inches  Diameter;  this  I fufpended  by  a Hair- 
Line  upon  a Nail  drove  into  a Beam  ; the  Line  was 
about  four  Feet  long;  then  the  Leaf-Brafs  being 
laid  under  the  Hoop,  the  Tube  was  rubbed,  and.  held 

within 


( 17  ) 

within  the  Hoop,  near  the  upper  Side  of  it,  without 
touching  it  by  feveral  Inches : Then  the  lower  Part  of 
the  Hoop  attra&ed  and  repelled  the  LeafcBrafs  ftrong- 
ly  but  when  held  near  the  lower  Part,  there  was 
very  little,,  if  any  Attra&ion.  If  the  Tube  was  held 
near  the  ou tilde  of  the  Hoop,  it  attracted  j but  ftrongeft, 
when  at  the  fame  Time  it  was  held  near  the  Knot  of 
the  Hair-Line  the  Hoop  was  fufpended  by.  To  this 
Hoop  there  was  tied  a ielfer  Hoop  of  about  a Foot  and 
a half  Diameter.:  It  was  tied  to  it  by  Packthread,  fo 
as  to  hang  below  it  about  two  Inches;  they  were  fuf- 
pended together  by  the  Hair-Line  ; then  the  Leaf- 
Bra  fs  and  the  Tube  being  prepared,  as  hath  been  men- 
tioned before,  the  Tube  being  held  near  the  upper 
Hoop,  the  lower  Part  of  the  lower  Hoop  attrafted- 
ftrongly,  and  when  held  near  the  upper  Part  of  the 
lower  Hoop,,  but  very  weakly j but  when  held  near 
the  lower  Part  of  the  lower  Hoopy  there  was.no 
Attraction* 

On  the  i$th  of  September  I made  the  following.  Ex-*- 
periment,  which  Jhews^  that  the  EleCtrick  Efflu- 
via have  the  fame  Effeffi  in  a Circle,  when  its 
Portion  is  horizontal. 

I took  a large  Hoop,  of  foinewhat  more  than  three 
Eeet  Diameter,  and  Breadth  of  about  two  Inches  and 
a half  ; to  this  was  tied  at  near  equal  Dilhnces,  four 
Lines : They  were  what  they  call  Twine,  which  is  of 
three  Threads  of  Packthread  twilled  together,,  each 
about  two  Feet  eight  Inches  long.  Thefe  were  tied 
with  their  Ends  together  to  a Hair-Line  of  about 
two  Feet  and.  a half  long,  by  which  the  Hoop  was 

hung 


( ?8  ) 

hung  on  a Nail,  as  in  the  other  Experiments,  fo  that 
the  Hoop  hung  now  in  an  horizontal  Pofition  : Then 
the  Leaf-Brafs  being  laid  under  the  Edge  of  the  Hoop, 
at  between  two  and  three  Inches  below  it,  the  Tube 
being  rubbed,  and  held  between  the  Cords  without 
touching  them,  the  Leaf-Brafs  was  attraded  and  repel- 
led for  feveral  times  together  ; but  when  held  near  the 
outfide  of  the  Hoop,  oppofite  to  that  Part  where  the 
Leaf-Brafs  lay,  the  Attraction  was  much  ftronger. 

About  the  latter  End  of  Autumn,  and  the  Beginning 
of  the  Winter  in  17x9,  I refumed  my  Enquiry  after 
other  Ele<Etrick  Bodies,  to  fee  what  Addition  I could 
make  to  the  Catalogue  of  tliofe  mentioned  above,  in 
Pages  ii,  22,  and  found  many  more  that  have  the  fame 
Property,  and  may  be  excited  to  attract  by  the  fame 
Method.  As  for  Inftance,  the  dry  withered  Leaves  of 
Reeds  and  Flags,  Grafs  and  Corn,  both  Leaves  and 
Straw  ; the  Leaves  of  Trees,  as  thofe  of  the  Laurel, 
the  Oak,  the  Walnut,  the  Chefnut,  Hazle-nut,  Apple 
and  Pear-tree  Leaves ; fo  that  we  may  conclude,  that 
the  Leaves  of  all  Vegetables  have  this  Attractive 
Vertue. 

I ft  all  now  give  an  Ac  count  of  the  Experiments  made 
at  my  Chamber  in  the  Tear  1730.. 

March  the  23d,  I diffolved  Soap  in  the  Thames - 
Water,  then  I fufpended  a Tobacco-Pipe  by  a Hair- 
Line,  fo  as  that  it  hung  nearly  horizontal,  with  the 
Mouth  of  the  Bowl  downwards  ; then  having  dipped 
it  in  the  Soap-Liquor,  and  blown  a Bubble,  the 
Leaf-Brafs  laid  on  a Stand  under  it,  the  Tube  being 
rubbed,  the  Brafs  was  attracted  by  the  Bubble,  when 


< i9  ) 

the  Tube  was  held  near  the  Hair-Line.  Then  I re- 
peated the  Expriuaent  with  another  Bubble,  holding 
the  Tube  near  the  little  End  of  the  Pipe,  and  the 
Attraction  was  now  much  greater,  the  Leaf-Brafs 
being  attracted  to  the  Hight  of  near  two  Inches. 

March  the  ij'th,  I repeated  this  Experiment  after 
a fomewhat  different  Manner : The  Pipe  was  now 
fufpended  by  two  Lines  of  white  fewing  Silk,  of  about 
five  Feet  and  a half  long j thefe  were  hung  upon  two 
Nails  drove  into  the  Beam  of  my  Chamber,  diftant  from 
each  other  about  a Foot,  by  Loops  at  the  other  End  of 
the  Lines,  by  which  the  Pipe  was  fufpended  ; then  the 
Bubble  being  blown,  by  holding  the  Tube  to  the  little 
End  of  the  Pipe,  the  Bubble  attracted  the  Leaf-Brafs 
to  the  Hight  of  near  four  Inches.  This  Experiment 
was  made  to  fee  whether  fluid  Bodies  would  not  have 
an  Eleffricity  communicated  to  them. 

April  8,  1730,  I made  the  following  Experiment 
on  a Boy  between  eight  and  nine  Years  of  Age.  His 
Weight,  with  his  Cloaths  on,  was  forty-feven  Pounds 
ten  Ounces.  I fufpended  him  in  a horizontal  Pofiticn, 
by  two  Hair-Lines,  fuch  as  Cloaths  are  dried  on  : 
They  were  about  thirteen  Feet  long,  with  Loops  at 
each  End.  There  was  drove  into  the  Beam  of  my 
Chamber,  which  was  a Foot  thick,  a Pair  of  Hooks 
oppofite  to  each  other,  and  two  Feet  from  thefe  another 
Pair  in  the  fame  manner.  Upon  thefe  Hooks  the  Lines 
were  hung  by  their  Loops,  fo  as  to  be  in  the  Manner 
of  two  Swings,  the  lower  Parts  hanging  within  about 
two  Feet  of  the  Floor  of  the  Room : Then  the  Boy 
was  laid  on  thefe  Lines  with  his  Face  down  wards, 
one  of  the  Lines  being  put  under  his  Breaft,  the  other 
x under 


( 4®  } 

under  his  Thighs  : Then  the  Leaf-Brafs  was  laid  on 
a Stand,  which  was  a round  Board  of  a Foot  Dia- 
meter, with  white  Paper  parted  on  it,  fupported  on  a 
Pedeftal  of  a Foot  in  Flight,  which  I often  made  ufeof 
in  other  Experiments,-  though  not  till  now  mentioned,: 
Upon  the  Tube’s  being  rubbed,  and  held  near  his  Feet, 
without  touching  them,  the  Leaf-Brafs  was  attracted 
by  the  Boy’s  Face  with  much  Vigour,  fo  as  to  rife  to 
the  Hight  of  eight,  and  fometimesten  Inches.  I put 
a great  many  Pieces  on  the  Board  together,  and  almoft 
all  of  them  came  up  together  at  the  fame  Time.  Then 
' the  Boy  was  laid  with  his  Face  upwards,  and  the  hind 
Part  of  his  Head,  which  had  fhort  Hair  on,  attracted, 
butnot  at  quite  fo  great  a Hight  as  his  Face  did.  Then 
the  Leaf-Brafs  was  placed  under  his  Feet,  his  Shoes  and 
Stockings  being  on,  and  the  Tube  held  near  his  Head., 
his  Feet  attracted,  but  not  altogether  at  fo  great  a Hight 
as  his  Head:  Then  the  Leaf-Brafs  was  again  laid  un- 
der his  Head,  and  the  Tube  held  over  it,  but  there 
was  then  no  Attraction,  nor  was  there  any  when  the 
Leaf-Brafs  was  laid  under  his  Feet,  and  the  Tube  held 
over  them. 

April  the  16th,  I repeated  the  Experiment  with  the 
Boy,  but  now  the  Attraction  was  not  quite  fo  ftrong  as 
at  the  firft,  the  Brafs  not  rifing  higher  than  to  about 
fix  Inches.  His  Hands  being  ftretched  nearly  hori- 
zontal, I placed  a fmall  Stand  with  Leaf-Brafs  under 
each  Hand,  and  under  his  Face  the  great  one,  furnifli- 
ed  as  the  others  j when  the  excited  Tube  being  held 
near  his  Feet,  there  was  an  Attradion  by  his  Hands 
and  Face  at  the  fame  Time.  I then  gave  him  the  Top 
of  a Fi(hing-Rod  to  hold  in  his  Hand  j there  was  a 

Ball 


( 4i  ) 

Ball  of  Cork  ftuck  on  the  little  End  of  it,  under  which 
the  Leaf-Brafs  being  laid,  and  the  Tube  rubbed  and 
held  near  his  Feet,  the  Ball  at  trailed  the  Leaf-Brafs 
to  the  Hight  of  two  Inches,  and  repelled  it,  and  at- 
tracted for  feveral  Times  together  with  great  Vi- 
gour. 

April  xi,  I again  repeated  the  Experiment  on  the 
Boy  j and  now  he  attracted  much  ftrongerthan  at  the 
firfl:  The  Leaf-Brafs  rofe  to  his  Face  at  the  Hight  of 
more  than  twelve  Inches.  Then  I gave  the  Boy  to 
hold  in  each  Hand  the  Tops  of  two  Fiihing-Rods, 
with  a Ball  of  Cork  on  each  of  their  leffer  Ends , then 
a fmall  Stand  being  fet  under  each  Ball,  with  the 
Leaf-Brafs  on  it,  the  Tube  being  rubbed,  and  held 
near  his  Feet,  both  the  Corks  attraded  and  repelled 
together  ftrongly.  The  Length  of  the  Poles  were 
each  of  them  about  feven  Feet.  Then  the  Boy  was 
laid,  on  his  left  Side,  and  a Filhing-Rod,  of  near  twelve 
Feet  in  Length,  given  him  to  hold  with  both  his 
Hands  j there  was  a fmall  Ball  of  Cork  at  the  End  of 
the  Rod,  that  was  an  Inch  and  three  quarters  Diame- 
ter : Then  all  Things  being  prepared,  the  Tube  held 
near  the  Boy’s  Feet, the  Cork  Ball  attracted  and  repelled 
the  Leaf-Brafs  with  Force  to  the  Hight  of  at  leaft  two 
Inches. 

Note,  That  when  Ifpeakof  holding  the  Tube  near 
the  Boy’s  Feet,  I mean  over  againft  the  Soles  of  his 
Feet  s and  when  near  his  Head,  is  to  be  under- 
ftood  the  Crown  of  his  Head  ; for  when  the  Tube  is 
held  above,  or  over  his  Legs,  the  Attraction  is  not  fo 
ftrongly  communicated  to  the  other  Parts  of  his 
Body. 


F 


By 


( 4*  > 

By  thefe  Experiments  we  fee  that  Animals  receive  a 
greater  Quantity  of  Ele&rick  Effluvia,  and  that  they 
may  be  conveyed  from  them  feveral  Ways  at  the  fame, 
Time  to  confiderable  Diftances,  wherever  they  meet 
with  a PaiTage  proper  for  their  Conveyance,  and  there 
exert  their  Attracting  Power. ' 

In  thefe  Experiments,  befides  the  large  Stand  above- 
mentioned,  I made  ufe  of  two  fmall  ones,  which,  as  I 
found  them  very  ufeful,  it  may  not  be  improper  to  de- 
fcribe  them.  The  Tops  of  them  were  three  Inches 
Diameter  ; they  were  fupported  by  a Column  of  about 
a Foot  in  Hight,  their  Bafes  of  about  four  Inches  and  a 
half:  They  were  turned  of  Lignum  vit  te  j their  Tops 
and  Bafes  made  to  skrew  on  for  Convenience  of  Car- 
riage. Upon  the  Tops  were  palled  white  Paper. 

• When  the  Leaf-Brafs  is  laid  on  any  of  thefe  Stands,  I 
find  it  is  attrafled  to  a much  greater  Hight  than  when 
laid  on  a Table,  and  at  leaft  three  Times  higher  than 
when  laid  on  the  Floor  of  a Room. 

June  20,  I made  the  following  Experiment,  flee- 
ing that  the  Attraction  and  Repulfion  is  as  Jtrong , 
if  not  Jl ranger,  and  that  the  Effluvia  may  he  car- 
ried to  great  Lengths,  without  touching  the  Line 
hy  the  Tube. 

There  was  taken  a Line  of  Packthread  131  Feet  in 
Length } it  was  fupported  on  two  crofs  Lines  of  blue 
Silk  j the  Diftance  of  thefe  Lines  was  near  eighteen 
Feet.  About  four  Feet  below  one  of  thefe  Lines, 
was  put  up  another  Silk  Line  of  the  fame  Colour  : To 
this,  was  tied  one  End  of  the  Packthread  ; at  the  other  . 
End  the  Ivory  Ball  hung  ; the  Line  was  returned  over 
x the 


V; 


( 41  ) 

the  crofs  Lines  thirteen  times ; then  the  Leaf-Brafs  be- 
ing laid  under  the  Ball,  upon  one  of  the  fmall  Stands, 
and  the  Tube  excited,  the  Ball  attracted  and  repelled 
to  the  Hight  of  one  of  its  Diameters,  which  was  about 
an  Inch  and  a quarter. 

I have,  by  feveral  Trials  lately  made,  found  that 
rubbing  the  Tube,  and  putting  it  up  between  the  Re* 
turns  of  the  Line  in  feveral  Places,  before  I go  with 
the  Tube  to  the  End  of  the  Line,  much  facilitates,  and 
caufes  the  Attradion  much  fooner  than  when  one  ftands 
with  the  Tube  and  applies  it  to  the  End  of  the  Line 
only. 

About  the  middle  of  July  I went  into  the  Count ryy 
and  Auguft  i,  at  Mr.  Whelerfr,  we  made  the  fol- 
lowing Experiment ; being  an  Attempt  to  fee  how 
far  the  Electrick  Vertue  might  be  carried  forward 
in  a Line , without  touching  the- fame. 

This  Experiment  was  made  by  carrying  the  Line 
out  of  the  Great  Parlour  Window  into  the  Garden, 
and  down  the  great  Field  before  it.  The  Line  was 
fupported  by  fifteen  Pair  of  Poles ; each  Pair  had  a 
Line  of  blue  Silk  tied  from  one  Pole  to  the.other,  the 
Length  of  about  four  Feet,  equal  to  the  Diftance  of 
the  two  Poles : About  ten  Feet  from  the  Window 
therg  was  a Silk  Line  put  up  crofs  the  Room,  upon 
which  that  Part  of  the  Line  hung  that  had  the  Ivory 
Ball  upon  it.  Below  the  crofs  Line  of  the  fartheft  Pair 
of  Poles  was  placed  another  crofs  Line,  four  Feet  from 
the  Ground,  to  which  was  fattened-  the  other  End  of 
the  communicating  Line,  as  mentioned  in  the  Experi- 
ment above : Then  the  Leaf-Brafs  and  Tube  being  pre- 

F z pared 


( 44  ) 

pared  asufual,  the  Tube  being  held  over  the  Line^at 
fever  1 Diiiances,  beginning  towards  that  End  .where 
the  Bail  hung,  and  io  proceeding  towards  the  farther 
End  of  the  Line,  the  Leaf- Brafs  was  attracted  at  the 
Stations  not  exceeding  two  or  three  hundred  Feet,  pretty 
(trongly ; but  (till  grew  weaker  as  we  came  towards  the 
farther  End  of  the  Line : Yet  even  at  the  End  of  the  Line 
the  Leaf-Brafs  would  be  lifted  by  the  Ball,  when  the 
Tube  touched  the  Line,  whofe  Length  was  886  Feet. 

I (hould  now  have  given  fome  Account  of  the  Dif- 
covery.  I made  the  lad  Year  concerning  the  Attraction 
of  coloured  Bodies,  (hewing  that  they  attract  more  or 
lefs,  according  to  what  Colours  they  are  of,  though 
the  Subdance  be  the  fame,  and  of  "equal  Weight  and 
Bignefs ; only  I (hall  obferve,  that  I find  the  Red, 
Orange  or  Yellow,  attract  at  lead  three  or  four 
times  ftronger  than  Green,  Blue  or  Purple  : But  ha- 
ving very  lately  found  out  a new  and  more  accurate 
Method  of  making  thefe  Experiments,  I mud  beg  Leave 
t<$  proceed  farther  with  them,  before  I communicate 
them.  I am, 

S I R, 

charter-Houfe,  Tour  Humble  Servant , 

Feb.  t,  i7It« 

Stephen  Gray. 


9 


VI.  Cur- 


( 4f  ) 


Vi  CurVarum  Hyperbolic  arum]  a quationibus  tri*> 
uni  nominum  utcunque  definitarumr  Quadratura 
generalis  duplici  Theoremate  exhibit  a d T*°-  Sa~ 
muele  Klingenftierna,  (Profejj . Dignijf.  Math, 
in  Acad.  Upfal,  & S.  S.  Communicant e 
J)°.  Jacobo  Stirling,  eju/dem  etiam  Soc. 
DoBiff.  SV 

N.  B,  R V Ad  Hyperbolic a<>  de  quarum  qua- 

V_j  draturd  hie  agitur  ab  Erud.  AuEtore , 
ad  unum  quafi  genus  reducuntur , ex  communi  qua 
gaudent  proprietate 5 quantumvis  obfeura  Jit  nec 
Jdtis  per  fe  determinata.  Ad  hoc  enim  genus  re- 
fertury  omnis  curva , cujus  ordinata  datum  efficit 
reEtangulum  cum  recta , qua  ex  tribus  pariibus  ne - 
ceffario  diver (is  S>  or  dine  genitis  conjlituitur.  *Di- 
verfa  partes  effe  intelliguntur 9 qua  ex  diverfis  ab - 
■ feiffa  potejlatibus  quomodocunque  oriuntur ; Or  dine 
autem  genita  funt , Ji  modo  ab  ima  ad  Jimmam  po- 
tejlatem  aquis  gradibus  afeendant . 

Species  igitur  determinants  ac  definiuntur  ex 
gradibus  Eotefiatum  determinates  & definitis. 

P*  rim  as  & Jimpliciffmas  hujus  generis  {ad  quas 
etiam  cetera  omnes  ultimo  reducuntur)  Neutonus 
ipfe  primus  ex  datis  Circuli  © Hyperbola  are  is  di~ 
menj'us  eft. 

Cotefms  deinde  p lures  effe  hujus  generis  Species 7 
etiam.  in  infinitum  {fecundum  ordinem  determina - 
- turn)  progredientes  detexit , qua  ad  eandem  quadra - 

tura 


( 4<*  ) 

tura  formam  ac  prior es  ifta  & ftmpliciores  reduci 
pojjlnt ; idque  fecit  ope  Theorematis  cujufdam  novi 
de  Inventione  radicum  aquationum  binomialium , 
ex  determinata  quadam  divijione  circumferentia 
Circuit  in  partes  aquales ; cujus  Theorematis 
mentio  faEla  eft  in  Erudito  fuo  Opere  de  Harmonia 
men  fur  arum. 

li/dem  veftigiis  infiftendo  ED.  Moivrseus  Theore- 
ma  Cotefianum  ulterius  promovit  ad  inventionem 
radicum  aquationum  TrinomiaUumy  idque  adhiben • 
do  arcum  circuit  determinata  magnitudinis  vice  cir- 
cumferentia totius.  ^ no  invento  omnes  huj us  ge- 
neris Species  inter  fe  commenfurabiles  effe  fecundum 
rationem  quadrature  fua  Jiatim  perfpexit , Me- 
thodumque  tradidit  in  exquifitis  fuis  fcriptis  Mif* 
cellaneis  nuper  editis,  qua  perveniatur  ad  qua- 
drat ur am  unius  cujus  libet  forma  ex  datis  Circuit 
£*>  Hyperbola  quadraturis . 

Ds.  Kl.  in  ‘Propofitione  fua , qua  fequitur , in 
unum  collegit  quicquid  de  quadraturis  curva- 
rum  hujus  generis  antehac  a prioribus  inventum 
fuit.  Verum  tamen  it  a collegit  non  quafi  fint  va~ 
ria  forma  fub  uno  genere \ fed  quafi  una  fit  ea* 
demque  forma  generis  ipfius.  Theorema  duplex 
eft , quatenus  quadratura  referat  ad  aream  vel 
citra , vel  ultra  ordinatam.  Exhibetur  in  ipfts 
aquationis  terminis  fine  reduElione  aut  reftriElione . 
Inftituitur  fecundum  Cotefii  doElrinam , ufurpando 
menfuras  Angulorum  & Rationum  pro  areis  Circuit 
& Hyperbola . Traditur  fine  demonftrationey  nt- 
pote  cujus  veritas  facile  innotefcat  ex  Tropofitio - 
nibus  Moivrseanis. 


Hac 


( 4 7 ) 

Hac  de  hujus  doEirime  fontibus  indigit  ajfe , non 
abs  re  fore  judicatum  eji,  ne,  lectoribus  inexercita - 
tis,  auEboris  nimia  brevitas  impedimento  ejfet. 


Propositi  o. 

Quadrare  curvam,  cujus  abfcifla  eft  ^ & 

^ V)  -j-  ~i!  I 

ordinata  - , , 7 ; — - , ubi  „ defignat 

a**±  a*"1  bz» -{-&*•'  6 

numerum  cjuemlibet,  r 8c  n numeros  quof- 
libet  integros  &.  primos  inter  fe,  & deno- 
minator aiJl  + a"~'b  £ + non  poteft  re- 
folvi  in  duos  fadtores  binomios. 


In  circumferentia  circuli  ( fab . z.  Fig.  i.)  centro  quo- 
vis  O intervallo  O R = a defcripta  applicetur  chorda 
R T = b,  cui  parallelus  dueatur  radius  OP,  ira  quidem 
ut  arcus  P R fit  quadrante  major  fihabeatur  -f-  b,  minor 
vero  fi  habeatur  — b.  Incipiendo  irrpuncto R,  fumantur 

1 1 11  II  lit  111  IV  IV  V 

o§dine  tot  arcus  R R,  R R,  R R,  R R,  R Rj  &c. 

f 

arcui  P R squales,  quot  unitates  continet  fractio  — <3e 

i it  ill  iv  v 71 

a punclis  R,  R,  R,  R,  R,  Efc.  ducantur  totidem  redt® 

I II  111  IV  V 

RJ,  R ",  R r,  R ",  R r,  c fc.  radio  O P parallels 

I 11  HI  IV  V 

& red®  O R occurrentes  in  pundtis,  r,  r,  r,*r,  r,  Sfc. 
Deinde  dividatur  arcus  P R in  tot  partes  squales  quot 
funt  unitates  in  nuinero  *,  quarum  ilia  qu®  punclo  P 

ad* 


( 48 1 *. 

adjacet  fit  P A.  Fado  initio  in  pundo  A dividatur -In- 
tegra circumferentia  in  tot  partes  asquales  AB,  B C, 
C D,  D E,  £fc,  quot  funt  unitates  in  n ; fumtaque  in  ra- 


dio O P,  prod  udo  (I  opus  ultra  P,  abfciffa  O S = a . — \9 

a I 

jungantur  S A,  SB,  SC,  SD,  SE,  &c.  ut5cOA, 
O B,  OC,  O D,  OE,  Denique  fumantur  areus 

PA  a,  P B b9  P C c9  P D d,  P E^.  &c.  qui  fint  ad 
arcus  P A,  PB,  PC,  P D,  P E,  &>c.  ut  n -f  r ad 
unitatem,  6c  a pundis  ay  b9  cy  d , e9  &fc.  ducantur 
turn  redae  a cc,  b€,  c y,  d JN,  ei>  £fc.  parallels  radio 
OP  6c  oceurrentes  re&se  OR  in  pundis  a,  £,  y9  <p9  g, 
&c.  tumetiam  redae  a 1,  bz,  c 3,  d 4,  e 5,  &c.  pri- 
oribus  normales,  5c  redae  QO,  quae  ad  R O ducatur 
perpendiculars,  oceurrentes  in  pundis  i9z,  3,4, 

His  fadis  area  curvae  cujus  abfciiTa  eft  z 6c  or- 


dinata 


c z 


1 v 


a,**  ~i:  1 b z»  zz ent  n ^ 


m 


. c » 

4 a 

A 


-rt  — n —•  I 


f — act  (S  A : A O) — ^i(-f-SAO)'j 
+ b S (S  B : B O)  +£2(4- S BO) 
in<  — (SC:CO)+* ,(+SCOA 

+ i^(SD:DO)~^4(-SDO)[ 
+ e 1 (S  E ■:  E O)  +e  5 (— SEO)J 
&c.  ' &c. 

Et 


/ 


( 49  ) 

Et  area  curvas  cujus  abfcifla  eft  & & ordinata 


c * 


a 


erlt  v\a 1,4,1 


nc  » 
& 


in 


IK 


r ; 

r — » a> 

IV 


j _ * ” x ^ 

a*  T> 

+ - r 

V ^ 

J r—z  n a 

r~-$n 

* A 

a 

% » 


R ,v 


r— 4«  ^ 


4» 


R 


f— -f  « 


r X* 


if » 


, Gfr. 


^«.(SA:AO)— ^i(-j-ASO) 

, -1,-,-,  l + K(SB:BO)+^(+BSO) 

_i_ — d in / — c ^(SC : CO^— ^3  (— |—CSO^ 

« i+icT(SD:DC))— i4(— DSO) 

-{-£e(SE:  EO)+  e ?(— ESO)J 
&c.  &c. 


Harum  arearura  prior,  adjacet  abfcifls  ad  ordina- 
tam  terminate,  pofterior  vero  abfciflaa  ultra  ordinatam 
products.  Signaautem  quantitatum  has  expreffiones  in- 

gredientium  ita  determinantur : 1.  Reds  R R “ > R 

&c.  afficiuntur  fignis  affirmativis,  fi  a pundis  circum- 

. 1 11  111 

ferentise  R,  R,  R,  tendunt  fecundum  diredionem  O P, 
negativis  vero  li  ab  iifdem  pundis  fecundum  diredio- 
nem  contrariam  P O procedunt.  z.  Moduli  rationum 
a «,  bS,  c y,  &c.  figna  habent  affirmativa,  fia  pundis 
a,  b,  c,  &c.  tendunt  fecundum  diredionem  O P,  ne- 
gativa  fi  fecundum  contrariam.  3.  E centro  circuli  O 

G cadat 


( 5°  ) 

cadat  in  chordam  R T normalis  O H.  Et  moduli  an- 
gulorum  ai9  b x,  c 3,  &c.  fignis  gaudebunt  affirma- 
tivis  fi  a punftis  a,  b , c,  &c.  tendunt  fecundum  diredi- 
onem  HO,  negativis  fi  fecundum  contrariam.  4.  Pro* 
ducatur  radius  P O donee  circumferentias  denuo  oc* 
currat  in  p9  oC  anguli  S A O;  SB  O,  S C O,  &c,  ut 
6c  A SO,  BSO,  CSO,  &c.  fumi  debent  affirmative  fi 
exiftunt  in  femicirculo  fuperiore  PR/?,  negative  fi  in  in- 
fer iore.  Et  fecundum  has  regulas  figna  quantitatum 
quibus  ares:  exprimuntur  noftrse  figure  accommoda- 
vimus. 


vii.  Cajus  rnrijfimus  Plicae  Polonicae  enormis  d 
X>.  Abraham  o Vateroj  M.  T>.  Prof.  Anatom . 
Wittemberg.  ^ % S.  S.  per  D.  Conradum 
Sprengell,  Equitem , M.  T>.  S.  S.  & Coll. 
Med.  Lond.  Licent.  communicatus.  Vid. 
Tab.  II.  Pig.  2. 

FCE  M I N A ruftica  in  Polonia,  in  terris  Princi- 
pis  Radzivil,  anno  aetatis  decimo  quinto,  viro 
nupta,  incidit  decimo  oftavo,  in  morbum  Polonia;  En- 
demium,  qui  Plica  Polonica  a capillo  inenodabili  vo- 
catur.  Hanc  Plicam  per  quinquaginta  annos  fosmina 
geftavit,  ac  per  totum  fere  illud  tempus  dolore  ar- 
thritico  et  contrafturis  tandemque  marafmo  univer- 
fali  corporis  afflidta  tedto  affixa  fuit,  tandemque  fenio 
confefta  anno  setatis  feptuagelimo  oftavo  diem  fuum 

obiit. 


( 5*  ) 

obiit.  Foeminam  iftam  adhuc  viventem  vidit  non  tan- 
tum,  5C  hac  figura  ad  vivum  depingere  curavir,  fed 
ipfam  Plicam  port  obitum  refedatn  fecum  Witteber- 
gam  attalit  ClariiT.  D.  Flouricke  di£ti  Principis  Medi- 
cus.  Erat  autem  Plica  quatuor  ulnas  longa,  palmum 
lata,  duofque  pollices  craifa,  fed  altero  tanto  longior 
foret,  ipfo  referente,  nifi  rnagna  ejus  pars,  temporis 
quo  sgra  decubuit  diuturnitate,  fqualore  &C  attritu 
confumpta  fuiffet.  Hunc  ergo  Cafum  penitus  extra- 
ordinariura,  iliuftriflimje  Societati  Regali  exponere 
volui.  Spero  autem  fore,  ut  impofterum  de  circum- 
ftantiis  lingularibus  hujus  cafus  a laudato  Viro  certior 
reddar,  quas  alio  tempore  communicabo. 


VIII.  An  BxtraSl  of  a Letter  from  Sir  Conrad 
Sprengell,  M.  D.  <1^.  S.  S.  Lf  Coll.  Med . Lond. 
Licen.  to  Dr.  Mortimer}  wherein  he  inclofed  the 
foregoing  Account  of  the  Plica  Polonica  5 toge- 
ther with  an  Article  from  the  'BreflatD 
son  I3atut*  tuft  S^eWcfn,  &c.  ©efcljtcfiten  upon  the 
fame  Subject,  tranflated  from  the  High-Dutch 
by  Dr.  Mortimer,  <2^.  5.  Seer. 

SIR,  January  zo th,  1 73a. 

* * * rT"'H  E Plica  has  been  always  related, 
X and  thought  to  be  a Diftemper,  and  to 
proceed  from  a Fever  or  Convulfions } but  for  my  Part, 
from  the  belt  Information  I could  get  concerning  it,  I 

G a think 


; ( ) 

think  it  a Product  of  Naftinefs,  by  not  combing  their 
Hair,  nor  walhing  their  Heads  j for  if  it  were  a real 
Diftemper,  the  People  of  Falhion  could  no  more  be 
free  from  it  than  the  ordinary  People,  among  whom 
(/.  e.  the  ordinary  and  poor)  it  only  happens.  This 
is  confirmed  by  an  inquifitive  Perfon,  a Correfpondent 
of  Mr.  Job.  Henry  Lincke , F.  R.  S.  of  Lipfick,  who 
fent  the  following  Article  to  the  Society  ot  Bre flaw, 
in  whofe  PranfaBions , entituled,  fiOlt 

jQatUt-  5cc.  Anno  1714,  Artie.  17,  Menj'e  An  gift  0, 
p.  126,  it  isinferted  to  this  Purpofe. 

“ The  great  Multitude  of  People  in  Poland , who 
“ are  troubled  with  this  Plica,  firft  made  me  re- 
“ fled,  whether  it  were  a real  Difeafe  or  no  ? But  I 
“ am  now  convinced,  that  their  fwinifh  Way  of  li- 

ving,  and  the  common  Opinion  fo  deeply  rooted  in 
“ the  Generality  of  People,  that  this  Lock  of  Hair 
“ cannot  be  taken  off  without  Danger  of  their  Lives, 
“ have  contributed  more  to  this  Complaint  than  any 
“ real  Indifpofition  of  Body  ; confidering  that  it  is 
“ the  middling  or  poor  People,  who  are  troubled 
“ with  it  ; whom  then  one  cannot  look  on  without 
“ Horror : But  no  German , of  whom  there  are  great 
“ Numbers,  who  live  in  that  Country,  ever  had  any 
“ fuch  thing  grow.  Many  of  them,  who  are  mar- 
“ ried  to  Women  of  Polijh  Birth,  are  fcarce  able  to 
* perfwade  their  Wives  not  to  train  up  their  Chil- 
“ dren  to  this  Naftinefs.  Not  long  fince  I faw  a 
“ Fellow  in  the  Church,  who  had  about  feventy  of 
“ fuch  Locks  hanging  down  from  his  Head,  which 

tf  were 


( ,55  ) 

“ were  as  hard  twifted,  as  fo  many  Penny  Cords  \ 
“ that  one  might  eafily  have  taken  his  for  a Medu- 
“ Jd’s  Head  ; and  who  knows,  but  that  in  ancient 
“ Times  forae  fuch  Locks  as  thefe  might  have  given 
t;  Rife  to  the  Poetical  Fi&ion  of  Snakes  growing 
“ on  the  Head  inftead  of  Hair  ? Be  that  as  it  will, 
“ this  is  certain,  it  is  a moft  odious  Sight  to  look 
“ on. 


IX.  An  Account  of  an  unufual  Agitation  in  the 
Magnetical  Needle,  obferVed  to  lafl  for  fome 
Time,  in  a Voyage  from  Maryland,  by  Capt.  Wal- 
ter Hoxton ; communicated  in  a Letter  to  David 
Papillon,  Effo  F.  S. 

ON  the  fecond  of  September , 1714,  a little  after 
Noon,  being  in  Latitude  41 0 10'  N.  and  Dif- 
ference of  Longitude  from  Cape  Henry  in  Virginia 
about  18 0 00'  E.  the  Weather  fair,  a moderate  Gale, 
and  fmooth  Sea,  my  Mate,  who  was  on  the  Deck, 
came  and  told  me,  that  the  Compafs  traverfed  fo  much 
that  he  could  not  poflibly  fteer  by  it : Whereupon  I 
went  up,  and  after  trying  it  in  feveral  Parts  of  the  Ship, 
found  what  he  faid  to  be  true.  I then  had  all  my 
CompalTes  brought  up,  and  placed  in  different  Parts 
of  the  Ship,  and  in  Places  mod  remote  from  Iron, 
and,  to  my  great  Surprize,  found  them  all  in  the  fame 
Condition ; fo  that  we  could  not  fteer  by  any  of  them. 
I then  new  touched  fome  of  them  with  a Loadftone, 

which 


( 54  ) 

which  I always  carry  with  me  ; and  left  thatlhould 
affe£t  them,  fent  it  out  to  the  End  of  the  Bowfpreet  j. 
but  I did  not  perceive  that  the  new  touching  was  of 
any  Service,  for  they  all  continued  traverfing  very 
fwiftly,  for  about  an  Hour  after  I came  on  the  Deck, 
and  then  on  a fudden  every  one  of  them  flood  as 
well  as  ufual.  During  the  whole  Time,  the  Ship 
had  very  little  Motion ; and  I had  an  Azimuth  Com- 
pafs,  and  four  or  five  others. 


FINIS. 


- v> 


ERRATA  which  have  efcaped  Notice  till  now. 

NUMB.  415.  p.  378#  1.  5.  for  major*  read  minor e.  Numb.  416.  p.444. 

1.8,  from  the  Bottom,  for  dead  read  down . Ibid.  1,  7.  for  ghojtly 
read  gajlly . 


Sfizm:+i6 . 


. 


.1. 


5^vn  . 


VDI  . 


Numb.  418; 

P HI LO  SOP  HI  CAL 

TRANSACTIONS 

For  the  Months  of  March , Mpril  and  May,  1731. 

The  CONTEN  TS. 

I.  An  Account  of  an  Aurora  Borealis  feen  in 
New-England  on  the  udof  October,  1730, 
by  Mr.  Ifaac  Greenwood,  Trofejfor  of  Mathe- 
matic ks  at  Cambridge  in  New-England. 
Communicated  in  a Letter  to  the  late  Dr.  Rutty, 
^S.Secr.  Vid.  Tab. I. 

II.  An  Account  of  the  fame  Aurora  Borealis,  by 
Mr.  Richard  Lewis  5 communicated  in  a Let- 
ter to  Mr.  Peter  Collinfon,  F.  S. 

III.  A new  and  exail  Table  collected  from  feVer d Ob- 

jections taken  from  the  Year  1721  to  1729,  in 
nine  Voyages  to  Hudfon’r  Bay  in  North- Ame- 
rica, by  Capt.  C.  Middleton  5 (hewing  the  Va- 
riation of  the  Compafs  according  to  the  Latitudes 
and  Longitudes  under-mentioned.,  accounting  the 
Longitude  from  the  Meridian  of  London.  Com- 
municated by  Mr.  Benj.  Robins,  F.  S. 

IV.  Objections  on  the  Weather,  in  a Voyage  to 
Hudfon’r  Bay  in  North-America,  in  the  Year 
173  0,  by  Mr.  Chriftopher  Middleton.  Com- 
municated by  the  fame. 


V.  A 


The  CONTENTS. 

Y.  A Letter  from  Mr.  Martin  Triewald,  Director 
of  Mechanicks  to  the  King  of  Sweden,  and  F.%SS. 
of  England  and  Sweden,  to  Sir  Hans  Sloane, 
(Bar*.  Bref.  S.  relating  to  an  extraordinary  In- 
fiance  of  the  almofi  inflantaneous  freezing  of  Wa- 
ter ; and  giving  an  Account  of  Tulips,  and  fuch 
bulbous  Plan  ts,  flowering  much  fooner,  when  their 
l "Bulbs  are  placed  upon  (Bottles  filled  with  Water,  as 
in  Tab.  II.  than  when  planted  in  the  Ground. 

VI.  An  Account  of  fo-me  Experiments , relating  to  the 
Flowering  of  Tulips,  Narciflus’s,  &c.  in  Win. 
ter , ' by  placing  their  Bulbs  upon  Glaffes  of  Wa- 
ter, made  by  Monf.  Triewald,  DireBor  of  Me- 
chanicks at  Stockholm,  and  F.  SS.  of  Eng- 
land and  Sweden,  and  read  before  the  Royal  So- 
ciety May  the  7 tb,  1750,  as  they  were  tried 
the  next  Seafon  by  Philip  Miller,  F.  <5^.  S. 
Gardiner  to  the  worfhipful  Company  of  Apothe- 
caries, at  their  Botanic  ^Garden  in  Chelfea. 

VII.  A Letter  from  T.  Madden,  M.  D.  of 
Dublin,  to  Cromwell  Mortimer,  M.  D. 
<K  S-  Seer,  giving  an  Account  of  two  Women 
being  poifoned by  the  Simple  Distilled 
Water  of  Laurel-Leaves,  and  of 
feVeral  Experiments  upon  Dogs  j by  which  it  ap- 
pears that  this  Laurel-Water  is  one  of 
the  mofi  Dange  R O US  POISONS  hitherto 
kji own. 


< 5?  ) 


I.  An  Account  of  an  Aurora  Borealis  feen  in 
New-England  on  the  udof  O&ober,  1730, 
by  Mr.  Ifaac  Greenwood^  <Profejfor  of  Mathe - 
maticks  at  Cambridge  in  New-England. 
Communicated  in  a Letter  to  the  late  T>r.  Rutty, 
S.  Seer. 

S I R,  Harvard-College,  Old.  14,  a 7 3°. 

TH  E Aurora  Borealis  has  been  very  fre- 
quent with  us  of  late^  but  none  either  for 
Brightnefs,  Variety  or  Duration,  fo  confidera- 
ble  as  what  occurred  on  the  laid  fhurfday  Night, 
which  was  the  aid  of  October.  This  Ivieteor  has 
been  obferved  in  New-E ngland,  at  different  Times, 
ever  fince  its  firft  Plantation  } but  I think  at  much  lon- 
ger Intervals  than  of  late  Years,  and  never  to  fo  great  a 
Degree  as  the  prefent  Inftance  : Nor  indeed  is  there  any 
recorded  'mt\\ePhiloJopbicalfranf actions,  that  I could 
think,  by  their  Defcription,  equal  to  it;  excepting  only 
that  celebrated  one  of  the  6th  of  March , 1716,  obferved 
by  the  molt  judicious  and  learned  Dr.  Halley,  and  in 
many  Refpeds  that  alfo  muft  give  the  Preference  to  it. 
And  on  this  Account  I have  thought  the  moil  particu- 
lar Defcription  of  this  Meteor  would  not  be  unaccepta- 
ble to  you } and  have  therefore  fent  all  my  Notes  rela- 
ting thereunto,  which  are  yery  numerous,  almoft  to 
every  Change  and  Circumflance  of  the  Appearance.  I 
am  perfwaded  there  is  no  better  Way  to  arrive  at  the 

H true 


( 56  > 

true  Caufe  of  this  extraordinary  Phenomenon,  than 
by  attending  to  the  minuteft  Particulars  and  Circum- 
ftances  thereof ; and  if  what  I have  done  contributes 
thereunto,  i fhall  efteem  it  a fufficient  Excufe  for  the 
Number  and  Particularity  of  my  Notes. 

Observation  L Tab.  I.  Fig.  i. 

OB.  zz,  1730,  6h  30*  P.  M.  There  lay  near  the 
Horizon  an  extended  duskilh  Vapour  reaching  from 
N Wby  N.  to  N E byE.  The  upper  Edge  was  the 
Segment  of  a Circle,  wliofe  greateft  Height  from  the 
Horizon  was  about  1 j°  bearing  nearly  N by  E.  Ad- 
joining to  this  was  a concentric  Segment  of  a very  light 
Azure,  of  a greenilh  Call,  ftrongly  illuminated,  a few 
Degrees  in  Breadth,  and  then  dilated  more  and  more 
till  it  became  blended  with  an extenfive  Brightnefs,  or 
Aurora,  which  lay  every  where  above  it  for  about  45* 
Degrees.  There  was  in  .feveral  Places  a faint  Caft  of 
Red.  The  Heavens  were  every  where  eiie  perfectly 
ferene  j a fmall  Wefterly  Wind,  and  the  Moon  above 
8o°  below  the  Eaftern  Horizon. 

Observation  II.  6&  35'. 

Two  Stria;  riling  perpendicularly  from  different  Parts 
of  the  illuminated  Edge  of  the  Vapour  (which  I all 
along  fuppofe  to  continue  its  Figure,  when  there  is  no 
particular  Note  to  the  contrary)  Thefe  were  of  a faint 
Red,  and  to  the  Height  of  45*  at  leaft. 

Observation  III.  6h  40'. 

The  Stria  were  very  numerous  to  the  Left,  each 
about  4J°  ; and  one  in  the  Middle  (by  which  I fhall 

always 


( 17  ) 

always  mean  the  Middle  of  the  Northern  dusky  Va- 
pour ) rofe  to  a furprifing  Height.  It  was  8°  or  ro° 
in  Breadth ; of  a light  Azure  tinged  with  Green,  and 
in  feveral  Places  ftreaked  vertically  with  a bright  Flame- 
Colour.  There  was  alfo  N W by  N.  a large  Area  or 
Body  of  a very  intenfe  Red. 

Observ  ation  IV.  61*  45 F i g.  z. 

The  whole  extraordinarily  luminous.  The  Red 
diffufed  in  all  Parts  above  the  greenilh  Light,  which  now- 
bounded  the  duskifh  Vapour  in  the  North  ; and  indeed 
feveral  Parts  of  this  were  tinged  therewith  alfo.  But 
the  molt  intenfe  Red  was  towards  the  N W.  and  N E. 
byE.  between  which  were  various  pyramid ical  Streams 
of  different  Colours,  fome  Blue,  fome  Green,  others' 
Flame-coloured,  &c.  many  tinftured  with,  and  all 
terminated  by  the  diffufive  Rofinefs.  One  Stria  was 
of  a furprifing  Luftre,  of  a light  Azure  turned  upon 
Green,  appearing  N W.  by  N.  This  Scene  was  very 
beautiful,  the  Height  of  each  Column  about  450,  ana 
many  of  them  well  defined. 

Observation  V.  6h  5 o'. 

The  enlightned  Part  of  the  Hemifphere  was  every 
where  tinged  with  Red  :>  its  horizontal  Bounds  the 
fame  as  before,  but  its  Altitude  about  70®.  Whence 
it  appears  the  Aurora  is  confiderably  extended  up- 
wards. The  reddifh  Call  on  the  right  Hand  from 
North  toEail:  was  beautifully  diftinguilhed  into  perpen- 
dicular Stride,  which  generally  obferved  the  following 
Order  of  Colours,  beginning  from  the  Eaft;  viz.  a deep 
Azure,  which  fucCeflively  proceeded  to  the  lighteft 

«H  z Blues 


( 5«  ) 

Blues  (though  each  Column  was  of  fuch  Xntenfity  as 
to  be  diftinguiihed  from  the  neighbouring  Columns) 
after  which  followed  feveral  Degrees  of  Green,  and 
then  of  Red,  the  deepeft  being  an  intenfe  Scarlet.  And 
this  Order  was  repeated  feveral  times,  filling  up  the 
whole  Space  from  N E.  to  N by  W.  The  Weftern 
Regions  were  at  the  fame  Time  of  an  undiftinguifhed 
Red.  Many  of  the  rifing  Columns  were  very  exadlly 
terminated. 

Observation  VI.  6h  5-5'.  F 1 g.  3. 

The  Red,  which  in  the  laft  lay  towards  the  Zenith, 
became  very  intenfe;  darting  to  the  horizontal  Vapour, 
throughout  the  intermediate  Space  innumerable  Striae 
differently  coloured.  The  horizontal  duskifh  Cloud 
was  fomewhat  raifed  ; an  apparent  Stratum  of  Blue 
juft  under  it,  which  towards  the  Horizon  was  of  a 
fainter  Caft,  as  the  Colour  of  the  Sky  is  when  over- 
charged with  Vapours.  I ftiould  not  forget  that  the 
upper  Surface  of  Red  jutted  our,  irregularly,  in  feveral 
Places,  though  in  general  well  terminated ; as  I have 
obferved  the  Cafe  has  been  in  fome  rifing  Clouds. 

Observation  VII.  7*1  o'. 

Thediftinguifhed  Red  towards  the  Zenith,  approach- 
ing nearer  thereunto  ; it  is  about  zo°  broad  upon  our 
Meridian,  and  thence  tapering  to  the  Eaftern  and  We- 
ftern Horizon.  The  whole  Appearance  is  of  a red- 
di(h  Hue,  its  in  fome  Places  faintly  ftreaked.  At  this 
Jundture  appeared  E S E.  confiderably  removed  from 
the  other  Phenomena,  a remarkable  Oval,  the  tranf- 
verfe  Diameter  ereft,  about  30°  in  Length,  and  of  a 

very 


( 59  ) 

very  bright  Azure.  The  whole  Scene  was  very  beau- 
tiful. 

O BS-ER.V  A TION  VIII.  7h  Z1  F I G.  4. 

■ ' 

The  Phenomena  much  the  fame,  excepting,  that  the 
reddifh  Cafthas  rofe,  and  is  nowdiffufed  to  the  South- 
ward of  the  Zenith.  The  other  Parts  of  the  Northern 
Hemifphere  much  like  the  genuine  Aurora,  interfperfed 
with  various  fmall  Clouds.  Thereare  two  diftinguifh- 
ed  Parallellogramic  Arete  of  an  intenfe  Red,  nearly  30° 
hi  Diameter,  the  one  to  E by  N.  the  other  to  N VV. 
which  was  of  the  deepeft  Colour,  and  eroded  in  the 
Middle  with  a black  Bar.  The  bright  Azure  Oval  ftill 
remains  towards  the  E S E. 

" .177  ; /.:v.  do  ' 5 - 

Observation  IX.  7^  $•  >. 

The  whole  Appearance  feemingly  vanifhed,  excepting 
that  the  Northern  Regions  retained  the  Aurora , which 
was  as  b right  as  about  half  an  Hour  after  Sun-fet.  The 
Eaftern  Area  of  Red  was  diftinguilhable,  though  very 
faint,  reaching  from  30°  to  50°  high  ; alfo  the  former 
Area  to  the  N W.  fomewhat  more  intenfe.  This  Was 
the  fame  as  in  the  laft  Article  5 and  the  black  Bar  men- 
tioned then,  appeared  now  to  be  a Cloud  moving  Eaft- 
ward,  Part  whereof  was  feen  on  this  red  Area,  and 
Part  to  the  North.  And  in  this  View  the  red  Vapour 
appeared  vaflly  more  diftant  than  the  Cloud.  There 
were  feveral  fmall  Spaces  of  Light  interfperfed  through- 
out the  Scene, 


Obser- 


i ( 60  ) 

Observation  X.  7^  15/. 

The  Appearance  fomewhat  changed.  The  Area  of 
RedNW.  was  the  moft  intenfe.  Several  rifing  Co- 
lumns of  a faint  Red  and  Blue  between  Weft  and  North. 
A deep  Red  E by  N.  I have  all  along  obferved,  that 
fome  of  the  fixed  Stars  could  be  feen  through  all  the 
Colours  that  have  fuecefiively  laid  upon  them,  though 
with  confiderable  Differences  as  to  Obfcurity  and  Clear- 
nefs,  according  to  the  Intenfities  of  the  Colours.  No 
Clouds  in  the  Southern  Regions. 

Ob servation  XI.  yh  io'. 

It  is  now  neceffary  for  me  to  obferve,  that  the  Wind 
has  been  all  along  Weft  and  W by  N.  and  if  the 
ftrongeft  Winds  be  expreflfed  by  10,  this  was  fometimes 
a,  and,  I think,  never  lefs  than  Unity.  I am  in- 
formed that  at  Bqfion , which  lies  about  three  Miles 
Eaftward,  it  was  all  the  while  to  the  Eaft  ward  of  the 
South.  The  Aurora  ftill  of  the  fame  Dimenfions,  but 
the  Edge  of  the  duskifh  horizontal  Cloud  much  abated 
of  its  Brightnefs  and  Colour.  There  are  four  remark- 
able Spots,  or  Areae  of  Red,  one  E by  N.  one  N E. 
by  N.  very  intenfe,  asalfo  was  another  nearly  Norths 
and  the  laft  bore  N W.  by  N.  which,  with  the  E by 
N.  has  been  of  fome  confiderable  Duration. 

There  were  feveral  confiderable  Striae  intermix- 
ed with  Red,  and  a Flame-colour  rifing  about  N 
N W. 

i 

O B S E R- 


I 


( 61  ) 

Observation  XII.  7k  i8A. 

The  Rednefs  about  the  North  incresrfed  in  its  Di- 
menfions  and  Intenfity  very  much.  It  reaches  from 
the  North  Star  to  about  xo°  upwards,  and  for  about 
12°  is  exceedingly  bright. 

It  is  diftinguilhed  into  feveral  perpendicular  Co- 
lumns of  various  Degrees  of  Red,  and  many  well  ter* 
minated. 

Observation  XIII.  71*  30'. 

The  Rednefs  N E by  N.  moves  Weftward,  and  is 
confiderably  altered  in  that  refpeft  fince  the  firft  Obfer- 
vation  thereof.  That  about  the  North  Star  is  now 
divided  in  the  Middle  by  a perpendicular  Column,  very 
broad,  and  of  a very  intenfe  yellow  Light.  It  appears 
now  that  this  alfo  has  a flow  Motion  Weftward : But 
the  Weftern  Rednefs  has  all  along  advanced  Eaftward: 
at  a confiderable  Rate.. 

Observation  XIV.  7h  3 7'.  F 1 g.  5. 

The  three  red  Ares  juft  mentioned  are  now  united,-, 
and  nearly  confounded  with  one  another.  The  Di- 
ftinftion  is  only  as  to  the  Degree  of  Rednefs.  The 
Aurora  which  lies  partly  under  thefe  is  confiderably 
abated  of  its  Luftre  j and  the  horizontal  Bounds  con- 
trafted  to  about  8o°,  though  the  Altitude  is  rather  in- 
creafed..  The  Eaftern  and  Weftern  Limits  feem  ftill 
to  approach  one  another  very  flowly.  There  was 
one  Stria  very  confiderable,  horizontally  pofited,  and 
about  50  broad,  of  a bright  Flame-colour,  reaching 

from 


2 


( 4 1 ) 

from  the  horizontal  Bounds  throughout  the  whole 
Meteor  Arch-wife,  whofe  greateft  Height  was  about 
if0- 

Observation  XV.  7^  47'. 

The  Flame-coloured  Arch  much  diminilhed.  The 
Rednefs  very  evident,  and  contiguous ; though  in  fome 
Places  of  different  Intenfities,  and  vifibly  increafing 
about  N by  W.  O11  each  Side  of  which  there  was  a 
diftinguilhed  Ruddinefe. 

Observation  XVI.  7h  71'. 

The  Diftin&ion  of  Rednefs  about  N by  W.  chan- 
ged to  a more  intenfe  uniform  Rednefs,  which  feemed 
to  be  by  the  Union  of  the  aforefaid  diftinguilhed  Areas  ; 
and  the  greateft  Intehfity  was  in  the  middle  Space  that 
was  between  them  j viz.  N by  W.  At  this  Junfture 
I was  not  a little  furprized  with  an  extraordinary  Flalh 
of  Lightning  very  bright,  which  began  about  the  Midft 
of  this  congregated  Vapour,  and  ran  with  an  oblique 
undulatory  Motion  for  zo°  towards  the  Horizon. 

O B s ER  V A T IO  N XVII.  8h  It. 

The  Rednefs  ftill  continues,  but  much  abated. 
Observation  XVIII.  8h  9'. 

The  Meteor  fcarce  to  be  diftinguilhed  but  by  the 
Aurora,  which  reaches  from  N W.  to  E.  in  fuch  Sort 
of  Curve  that  the  higheft  Part  is  due  North  about  40° 
of  Altitude.  There  is  ftill  a reddilh  Caft  N N W. 


O B S E R- 


OBS  E RV  ATI  ON  XIX,  8h  JO*. 

The  Colours  not  very  conliderable  \ but  the  Form 
entirely  new.  The  Breadth  of  the  Rednefs  was  from 
the  Pole  Star  downwards  about  20° ; and  from  thence 
it  run  Tapering  on  the  left  Hand  to  W by  N.  and  on 
the  Right  to  the  Eaft.  In  which  Points  it  was  of  no 
difcemable  Breadth.  Its  upper  Edge  was  of  the  deep- 
eft  Red,  which  dilated  by  Degrees  to  a Flame-colour, 
and  could  fcarce  be  diftinguilhed  from  the  neighbouring 
Aurora.  However,  there  were  two  Spots,  one  to  the 
Right,  and  the  other  to  the  Left,  in  the  extenfive  Arch 
of  a remarkable  Sadnefs. 

Observation  XX.  9h  25L  Fig.  6. 

Was  an  extraordinary  beautiful  Appearance.  From 
the  Zenith  about  20°  Southward,  an  uncommon  Red- 
nefs was  formed,  as  it  were  into  a Knot  or  Canopy,  ve- 
ry diftin£My  terminated  (efpecially  on  the  South  Parts) 
about  200  in  Length,  which  lay  Eaft  and  Weft,  and 
little  lefs  in  its  Dimenfions  North  and  South.  From 
this  iffued  innumerable  Striae  throughout  the  Northern 
Hemifphere  and  farther,  the  horizontal  Bounds  being 
W S W.  to  E S E.  Thefe  Striae  were  difperfed  in  an 
exa£t  Order,  proceeding  from  the  aforefaid  Knot,  as 
Folds  equally  diverging,  and  each  of  the  fame  Colour 
and  Brightnefs  throughout  the  whole  Space  to  the  Ho- 
rizon. The  Order  of  the  Colours  was  very  agreeable, 
interchangeably  Blue,  Red,  and  then  Flame-colour; 
each  of  which  was  alfo  diftinguilhed  into  Striae  of  va- 
rious Intenlities,  from  the  deepeft  Blue  to  the  lighted: ; 
from  the  Bounds  of  Violet,  to  a Tin&ure  of  Orange ; 

I and 


( <4  ) 

and  laftly,  from  the  Colour  of  th z Aurora  to  the  bright- 
eft  Flames.  And  this  Order  was  repeated  innumerable 
Times  throughout  the  whole  Scene.  The  whole  was  as 
bright,  and  in  many  Refpeds  refembled  a Series  of  Rain- 
bows vertically  pofited ; and  in  this  View  the  Gene- 
rality of  People  will  always  remember  if.  And  indeed 
were  the  Heavens  to  be  difpofed  into  innumerable 
Rainbows  ( excepting  only  the  greater  Number  of 
primitive  Colours)  it  would  fcarce  exceed  this  Phae- 
nomenon  in  Beauty : And  the  Knot  from  whence  it 
feemed  to  proceed,  farfurpaffes  any  of  the  Rednefs  of 
that  Meteor,  and  even  Blood  itfelf.  It  may  not  be 
amifs  to  obferve  here,  that  the  Weftern  Breeze  has 
been  for  fome  time  fince  perfectly  lulled  } nor  is  there 
the  leaft  Motion  in  any  Part  of  the  Heavens. 

The  Northern  Bank  of  Vapours  has  all  along  con- 
tinued, and  now  reaches  from  W.  to  E by  S.  its  great- 
eft  Height  about  8L 

Ob  ser.v  a tion  XXL  911  3 5'. 

The  bloody  Knot  wholly  vanifhed  j though  feveral 
of  the  defending  Striae  remain  entire,  and  in  many 
Places  Parts  of  others,  all  of  the  fame  Direction,  and 
a fainter  Colour  than  before.  The  Sky  is  perfectly 
calm  and  ferene. 

Observation  XXII.  911  41'. 

The  Northern  Regions  retain  a bright  Aurora,  in- 
terfperfed  with  a reddifti  Caft.  From  the  Zenith  is 
diffufed  a very  extenfive  red  Vapour,  reaching  to  the 
Southward  near  30°  from  the  Zenith,  and  from  thence 
converging  towards  the  Eaftern  and  Weftern  Horizon, 
where  it  meets,  the  one  E by  S.  and  the  other  W S W. 


( ) 

The  Southern  Edge  was  of  the  deepefl:  Red,  and  the 
moft  diftinguilhed  Rednefs  W S W.  There  appeared 
a falling  Star  S W.  of  a confiderable  Duration. 

Observation  XXIII.  ioh  z>. 

The  Meteor  much  advanced  to  the  Southward,  its 
greateft  Height  being  not  above  40°  from  the  Horizon  : 
Its  horizontal  Bounds  E S E.  and  W by  S.  Its  Rednefs 
much  abated  5 but  the  Aurora  diffufed  every  where 
throughout  the  Scene,  as  confpicuous  to  the  South  as 
towards  the  North  Parts  of  the  Zenith  ; which  was 
an  uncommon  Sight.  The  Sky  was  now  remarkably 
hazy,  and  full  of  Vapours. 

Observation  XXIV.  10k  18'. 

The  Aurora  advanced  confiderably  to  the  South- 
ward of  the  red  Vapour,  which  now  is  much  diluted, 
about  zo0  in  Breadth,  a Part  of  it  at  leaft  yo°  to  the 
Southward  of  the  Zenith,  and  tapering  towards  the 
Eaftern  and  Weftern  Horizon,  where  the  Bounds  are 
much  the  fame  as  before. 

Observ  ation  XXV.  ioh  z$'.  F 1 g.  7.  in 
which  Z denotes  the  Zenith , and  N.  E.  S.  W.  the 
Horizon . 

The  Aurora  feparated  from  the  reddilh  Vapour 
confiderably,  in  the  upper  Parts,  though  joined  in  the 
Horizontal,  and  not  above  15°  from  the  South  Ho- 
rizon. Not  any  diftinguilhable  Red  to  the  North- 
ward, but  an  Arch  of  the  Aurora  of  much  the  fame 
Height,  though  much,  inferior  in  its  horizontal  Mea- 
fure.  The  Southern  and  Northern  Aurora  each 

I z very 


( 66  ) 

very  bright.  There  were  feveral  temporary  Flalhes 
in  many  Parts  of  the  red  Vapour.  At  this  Junfture 
the  Aurora  feemed  to  appertain  as  much  to  the  South- 
ern as  Northern  Horizon ; and  the  Rednefs  confidera* 
bly  more : But  there  was  a great  Difference  juft  towards 
the  Horizons } the  one  being  covered  with  the  duskifh 
Vapour  fo  often  mentioned,  and  the  other  appearing  of 
its  natural  Blue. 

Observation  XXVI.  ioi*  3 5'. 

The  Appearance  over,  excepting  a reddifh  Caft  to 
the  Eaftward,  and  a faint  Aurora  in  the  Northern 
Regions,  of  but  fmall  Extent  from  the  duskifh  Hori- 
zontal Vapour. 

Ob  s e rv  a t 10  n XXVII.  111135/. 

There  have  not  been  any  remarkable  Phsenomena 
fince  the  laft.  The  Northern  Aurora,  with  the  duskifh 
Vapour,  ftili  continue,  and  I think  as  evident  as  at  any 
of  the  foregoing  Periods. 

Here  I ended  my  Obfervations.  I am  informed  by 
others,  who  were  occafionally  on  the  Water,  that  its 
Beginning  was  juft  after  Sun-fet,  in  the  Form  of  an  ex- 
tended darkifh  Cloud  riling  Northward ; a few  Minutes 
after  the  Appearance  of  which,  there  was,  towards  the 
Eaftern  and  Weftern  Regions,  a very  diftinguifhable 
Tinfture  of  Red.  And  the  next  Change  was  my  firft 
Obfervation. 

O BSERV  ATION  XXVIII.  I ll>  45'.  F t O.  8. 

It  appeared  in  a new  and  very  furprizing  Form, 
The  Edge  of  the  horizontal  Vapour  was  ftrongly  iL 

lumnated. 


1 


( *7  ) 

laminated,  as  though  it  had  been  fired ; and  this 
was  in  Height  about  8°.  From  hence  arofe  up  con- 
tinually, following  one  another,  very  extenfive  hori- 
zontal Columns  of  a bright  Flame-colour,  which  in 
fcarce  a fecond  of  Time  reached  fome  to  40°,  others 
above  6o°  of  Altitude,  and  many  to  the  intermediate 
Altitudes.  Each  of  thefe  Columns  were  as  though  an 
horizontal  Train  of  Gunpowder  had  been  fuddenly  fi- 
red, and  the  Flalhes  regularly  propagated  to  fuch  enor- 
mous Heights  in  an  horizontal  Pofture.  And  there 
were  innumerable  Succeffions  of  thefe  riling  Flalhes, 
the  Phtenomenon  continuing  nearly  a quarter  of  an 
Hour.  This  Comparifon  will  alfo  illuftrate  feveral 
other  Particulars  at  this  Jun&ure.  Sometimes  there 
were  feveral  of  thefe  Flalhes  afcending  together,  at  a 
little  Diftance  from  one  another,  as  though  there  had 
been  feveral  horizontal  Trains  fucceflively  and  almoft 
inftantanioully  kindled  after  one  another.  Sometimes 
the  riling  Line  of  Light  would  be  continued  horizon- 
tally throughout  the  whole  Scene,  in  other  Places 
three  quarters,  an  half,  one  third,  a quarter,  &c. 
of  the  fame  Length,  as  though  thefe  Trains  had  been 
unequally  extended.  Sometimes  the  Flalh  would  be- 
gin in  the  Middle,  and  run  kindling  to  the  Extreams: 
Then,  at  one  Extream,  moving  towards  the  other  } and 
at  other  Times  in  more  Places  than  one : But  in  all 
thefe  Varieties,  the  horizontal  Motions  ceafed,  and  the 
whole  became  one  uniform  Line  before  it  had  paffed 
the  enkindled  Edge  of  the  Cloud,  which  was  not  above 
8°,  as  I obferved  before.  All  which  may  be  well  re- 
prefented  by  the  aforefaid  Trains  of  inflamable  Mat- 
ter, fometimes  enkindled  in  one  Place,  fometimes  in 

another, 


2. 


( ) 

another,  hut  always  'propagated  through  the  whole 
Train,  with  fo  fwift  a Motion,  that  there  could  be 
no  confiderable  Difference  as  to  the  Height  of  one 
Part  above  another.  The  greateft  Extent  of  thefe  hori- 
zontal Flafhes  was  from  N W.  to  NE.  After  thefe 
Phenomena  the  Meteor  aifumed  its  ufual  Form ; 
viz.  a bright  Aurora  fettled  upon  a duskifh  horizon- 
tal Vapour.  J 

Observation  XXIX.  xK 

The  Meteor  was  again  formed  into  much  the  fame 
Form  as  was  defcribed  in  Obfervation  the  twentieth, 
but  of  fainter  Colours  confiderably.  It  vanilhed  alfo 
again  in  the  fame  manner. 

Observation  XXX.  6h  30'. 

The  Aurora  contininued  till  Day-light  j and  the 
Phenomena,  at  different  Times,  and  without  any  cer- 
tain Periods,  were  much  the  fame  as  I have  defcribed 
in  one  or  another  of  the  foregoing  Articles. 

I fhall  conclude  thefe  Notes,  by  obferving,  that  the 
Day  before  this  Meteor  was  very  warm  for  the  Sea- 
fon,  though  early  in  the  Morning  there  was  a very 
confiderable  Hoar-Froft.  The  Morning  following 
was  remarkable  for  an  abundant  Dew.  The  Tem- 
per of  the  Air  much  the  fame  as  the  preceding  Day. 
About  Eight  o’Clock  the  Heavens  fair  and  calm. 
Barom.  30.  1.  Therm,  lie. 

You  may  obferve,  that  in  the  Figures  I have  at- 
tempted the  Stereographic  Projection  of  the  moft 
confiderable  Scenes,  which  may  be  a confiderable  Af- 

fiftance 


( ) 

fiftance  to  the  Imagination  j though  I think  the  Ex- 
preflions  do  not  abfolutely  require  any  Schemes. 

I have  compared  thefe  Obfervations  with  what  I 
could  find  relating  to  the  Aurora-  Borealis  in  the 
Philofophical  TranfaHions,  &c.  and  think  there  are 
few  Particulars  mentioned  there,  but  what  occurred  in 
this  wonderful  luftance  ; fome  that  are  rare  confirmed, 
and  a few  altogether  new  - but  the  chief  Advantage, 
I fuppofe,  in  thefe  Notes,  is  the  Procefs,  Crifis,  and 
Decay,  which  is  fo  obvious  in  many  of  the  molt  re- 
markable Scenes. 

I have  nothing  more  at  prefent,  than  the  Pleafure  of 
filling  myfelf, 

Tour  mojl  Obedient  Humble  Servant , 

Isaac  Greenwood. 


II.  An  Account  of  the  fame  Aurora  Borealis,  by 
Mr.  Richard  Lewis  j communicated  in  a Let- 
ter to  Mr.  Peter  Collinfon,  F.  <!{.  S. 

Annapolis  in  Maryland , Dec.  10,  1730, 

SIR, 

WE  were  entertained  with  a Phenomenon  on  the 
of  October  laft  ; which,  as  it  was  never  ob- 
ferved  before  in  this  Quarter,  was  very  furprizing  to 
moft  People. 


About 


( 70  ) 

About  Six  at  Night  the  North  Part  of  the  He. 
mifphere  appeared  of  a faint  Red,  the  Horizon  was 
very  dusky,  and  this  Rednefs  was  bounded  above  by  a 
very  dark  Cloud. 

As  the  Night  advanced  this  Meteor  reddened,  till 
. it  was  of  as  deep  a Colour  as  Blood ; and  it  fpread  it* 
felf  to  the  North  Eaft.  It  continued  all  Night,  but 
about  Two  in  the  Morning,  I obferved  that  it  fent 
forth  two  and  three  Streams  from  its  North  Part,  of  a 
whitilh  Colour,  which  fhot  up  to  the  Zenith.  Thefe 
Emanations  looked  much  like  the  Rays  of  the  Sun, 
when  they  pafs  through  a dark  Cloud,  when  its  faid 
to  be  drawing  Water.  I took  it  to  be  an  Aurora  Bo- 
realis, but  it  appeared  much  fainter  than  thofe  I have 
feen  in  England. 

Dr.  Samuel  Chew  at  Maidjtone , tells  me,  that  he 
has  for  fome  Days  paft,  at  Morning  and  Evening, 
obferved  feveral  Spots  in  the  Sun,  very  plainly 
with  his  naked  Eye,  fome  of  which  feemed  very 

large. 


t . 


III.  A 


i 


( 71  ) 


III.  A new  and  exacl  Table  colleBed  from  federal  Obfer'vatt- 
ons  taken  from  the  Year  iyi\  to  1 7*9,  in  nine  Voyages 
to  Hud  Ton  V Bay  in  North-America,  by  Captain 
C. Middleton  3 fliewing  t&e  Variation  of  the  Compafs 
according  to  the  Latitudes  and  Longitudes  under-mentioned , 
accounting  the  Longitude  from  the  Meridian  of  Lon- 
don. Communicated  by  Mr.  Benj.  Robins,  F.  5^.  S'. 


Lat. 


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( 74  ) 


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ditto 

4° 

Note,  ^the  Letters  Obf.  are  the 
Obfervations , and  the  Letters 
Ac.  are  by  EJHmation . 


G 


I . 

IV,  Ohferva * 


( 76  ) 


IV.  ObferVations  on  the  Weather,  in  a Voyage  to  Hudfon'.f  Bay  ti 
North- America,  in  the  Tear  1750,  by  Mr.  Chriftopher  Mid- 
dleton. Communicated  by  the  Jame. 


D.  M 

Barom. 
A Ititud. 

sis 

u .t: 

La  t. 
North. 

Long. 

Weft 

IVariat. 

Weft. 

Obf. 

Wind. 

June  4 

-7 

25 

59° 

12 

4° 

44 

1 7° 

00 

Obf. 

SW. 

5 

22 

25 

59 

38 

5 

1 1 

16 

00 

Obf. 

SWtoNW. 

6 

21 

24 

59 

58 

5 

57 

17 

00 

W S w. 

7 

22 

23 

59 

22 

7 

c 6 

17 

20 

MWtoSSW. 

8 

22 

22 

59 

38 

8 

39 

18 

00 

Obf. 

S WtoSE. 

9 

23 

22 

59 

54 

8 

47 18 

00 

N E. 

10 

20 

22 

5 9 

14 

10 

14 

hs 

00 

North. 

1 1 

22 

22 

>8 

35 

1 1 

23 

18 

00 

N W. 

1 2 

22 

25 

57 

21 

12 

2° 

'18 

00 

N W. 

13 

22 

24 

5-6 

3i 

13 

13 

18 

00 

N W. 

14 

25 

25 

5 (5 

00 

14 

22 

18 

CO 

N W to  S. 

15 

24 

25 

55 

5 3 

17 

02 

18 

00 

Obf. 

E to  N. 

16 

20 

23 

55 

42 

l8 

15 

18 

00 

N E to  S W. 

17 

1 9 

23 

56 

21 

18 

47 

18 

00 

S W to  N W. 

18 

18 

22 

55 

22 

19 

34* 

18 

30 

N W. 

*9 

20 

23 

55 

42 

21 

1419 

00 

NNEtoWbS. 

2C 

21 

24 

56 

5 1 

21 

31  19 

3° 

N W. 

21 

21 

24 

57 

23 

21 

5420 

00 

WNWtoWhS. 

22 

21 

24 

57 

CO 

22 

0P2O 

oo! 

N E to  W. 

2 3 

2 1 

24 

57 

56 

23 

52  21 

00 

W s w. 

24 

23 

24 

58 

1 6 

24 

09  22 

oc 

W to  WNW. 

*5 

24 

23 

57 

40 

24 

38 

22 

oc 

Obf. 

WNW  toSW. 

2 6 

23 

23 

57 

57 

25 

35,22 

oc 

S w. 

*7 

22 

22 

)8 

47 

28 

2523 

oc 

S W to  W. 

28 

23 

22 

58 

39 

2 9 

3II23 

oc 

W to  NNW. 

2p 

24 

21 

58 

28 

2 9 

4513 

2C 

N W to  W. 

30 

25 

22 

58 

00 

30 

3824 

oc 

W to  S W. 

July  1 

22 

22 

58 

25 

3i 

29,24 

oc 

Obf 

w s w. 

2 20 

22 

59 

13 

32 

545 

oc 

S W to  W. 

24 

2 1 

59 

03! 

33 

14125 

oc 

Obf 

W N W. 

4 

i 25 

22 

58 

54 

33 

3025 

oc 

WNW. 

5 

20 

22 

58 

43 

35 

44-26 

oc 

Obf. 

S S E. 

6 

20 

22 

58 

2 6 

37 

25 

2 6 

3c 

S S E to  W. 

7 

21 

20 

58 

06 

39 

30 

27 

3C 

Obf. 

WNWtoSE. 

8 

22 

20 

58 

03 

42 

38 

27 

oc 

S to  S W. 

9 

24 

22 

57 

34 

43 

23 

27 

00 

NNW. 

10 

24 

24 

57 

43 

45 

25 

27 

00 

Obf. 

NNW. 

1 1 

28 

28 

58 

11 

47 

27 

oc 

WbStoNNW 

12 

29 

2 6 

57 

34 

48 

17 

28 

oc 

Obf. 

NNWtoSSW. 

13 

29 

2 6 1 

58 

coj 

50 

48 

2 9 

oc 

S W. 

Weather. 


Clofe. 

Rain,  and  ftormy  Winds. 

Rain,  and  frefh  Gales. 

Rain  and fqually,  with  Fogs. 
MuchRainall  Night, fair  at  Nooi 
Very  cloudy. 

FifftPart  fqually,  latter  fair. 
Squally  with  Rain. 

Cloudy,  with  fmall  Rain. 
Squally. 

Firft  Part  fqually,  latter  hazy. 
Squally,  and  frefh  Gales. 
Cloudy. 

Rain  and  ftormy. 

Squally,  with  Rain. 

Cloudy  with  Rain,  uncertain. 
Frefh  Gales,  and  foggy. 

An  hard  Rain,  and  ftormy. 
Hard  Gales  for  the  moft  Part. 
Frefh  Gales,  but  cloudy. 

Hard  Gales,  cloudy. 

Cloudy,  little  Wind. 

Little  Wind,  and  foggy, 

Fog^y,  and  fqually. 

Frefh  Gales,  Rain. 

Moderate  and  calm. 

Moderate,  cloudy. 

Moderate  and  clear. 

Frequent  Squalls,  fome  Rain. 
Moderate  and  cloudy. 

Fair,  fometimes  calm. 
Sometimes  calm.  Fair. 

Stormy,  and  Rain. 

Moderate.  Little  Wind. 

Foggy. 

Foggy.  Little  Wind. 

Frefh  Gales  and  clear. 

Cloudy,  with  fmall  Rain. 

Fair. 

Hazy. 


% 


( 77  ) 


Wind. 


SWtoWbS. 
WNWtoNW 
NbWtoNW. 
N N W. 
NWtoWSW. 
NW  to  WSW. 
NNW. 


NNWtoSEbS  Fair. 


SSE. 

SE. 

SE. 

SE. 

SE. 

Eaft. 

S E to  WbN. 
WbNtoNE. 
NtoNN  w: 
N W. 

NW  to  WSW 
SbW. 

South. 

S W. 

E S E. 

WSW 
ENE. 
NtoNN  W, 
N N W. 
South. 

S W to  N W. 
NNWtoSbE. 
S to  S S W. 
SbW. 
WNWtoNW. 
N'WtoN. 
NEtoSbE, 
WbN  to  WSW 
WSW  to  WbN 
WbS  toSEbS 
Obf.  E to  N E. 

In  Albany  Road . . 


Weather* 


A thick  Fog. 

Small  Rain,  andfquallv. 
Several  Hies  of  Ice. 

Fair  and  clear.  Very  cold. 
Very  cold.  Much  Ice. 

Fair  and  clear. 

Fair  and  moderate. 


lazy. 

n Hudson's  Streights . 

Foggy. 

rlainy  and  cold. 

Little  Wind,  and  clear. 

Little  Winds,  fometimes  calm* 
Squally,  with  much  Rain. 
Gentle  Rain,  A freflrGale. 
Much  Ice  all  round. 

Fair  and  clear.  Ice  Fill, 

Fair.  Ice  as  before. 

Merc7,  inclofed  in  Ice.  Fair, 

Still  in  Ice.  Frefh  Gales. 

Foggy,  and  much  Ice. 

Much  Rain,  and  foggy. 

Fair  and  moderate. 

Lightning  with  fome  Rain. 

Fog.  Frefh  Gales.  Jambedinlce, 
Frof):  and  calm. 

Fair  and  pleafant. 

Moderate. 

Moderate  and  fair. 

A frefh  Gale.  Much  Ice. 

Hard  Gale.  Thunder  and  Rain 
Frefh  Gales.  In  Ice. 

Moderate  and  fair. 

Clear  of  Ice.  Fair. 

A frefh  Gale.  Clear  of  Ice. 
Moderate  and  fair. 

. Moderate  and  fair. 

(Moderate. 


22 

*3 

24- 


27 

1*5 

50“  19 

85°  20' 

0 r 

23  0.0 

NWtoSE. 

26 

22 

S.  W. 

2 6 

121 

WN  W. 

Moderate  and  fair. 

Dry.  Somewhat  cloud p 
Merc7,  at  a Stand. 


The  Time  I was  on  Shore  not  obferved.  From  Albany. 

>ept,  2[  25  ) 20  I5 30  jtf'io0  $oE[z4.°  co'|  1SSW.  lHazy,  but  fmall Gales, 


r 


Sept. 


( 78  ) 

From  the  B e a r Iflands. 


D.  M. 

Barom. 

Altitud. 

§ 5 1 rat. 
.£•.5 'North. 

Long. 

Weft. 

(Variat. 

Weft. 

Obf. 

Wind. 

Sept.  3 

35 

32  if  4° 

22 

y'\\ 

r24a 

00 

oiVV  toNEbN. 

4 

40 

37 

55 

45 

0 49  W 

2 5 

00 

NNEtoWSW 

5 

37 

$<5 

5* 

35 

2 atfWM 

OQ 

E b N to  N£. 

6 

37 

35 

J5* 

57 

3 04W 

2 6 

CO 

NE. 

7 

37 

34 

[•5* 

45 

1 22W 

26 

OO 

N E. 

8 

38 

$6 

57 

06 

3 2 6 VI 

2 6 

00 

NE  b N. 

9 

3* 

3<5 

58 

g8 

3 02V/ 

28 

col 

Nb  EtoW. 

10 

3* 

38 

60 

25 

2 02W 

33 

00J 

WSWtoNWfaK' 

11 

35 

38 

61 

49  ( 

0 42  E 

38 

00 1 

NbWtoNbE. 

la! 

34  1 

$7 

6 2 

33- 

d 5 1 E \i 

00  < 

3bf. 

NbEtoNNW. 

Weather. 


iVLerc^.  iuddeniy  talis  to  freezing. 


oa. 


13 

33 

34 

<*3C 

» 20 

V 

20'E 

•|43° 

00' 

"Obf. 

14 

32 

35 

*3 

03 

; 2 

34E 

40 

GO 

15 

3* 

1 3* 

6 2 

05 

>9 

I9E 

J42 

CO 

From 

B t 

j r T 

16 

3r 

35 

5i° 

■I  O' 

o° 

2p'E 

39° 

oo' 

IT 

30 

34 

5o 

35 

(5 

09 

34 

00 

lb 

30 

34 

58 

52 

ro 

39 

34 

00 

19 

30 

35 

57 

54 

14 

06 

32 

00 

20 

30 

34 

57 

28 

16 

15 

30 

00 

21 

3i 

33 

57 

3*' 

18 

24 

28 

00 

22 

30 

35 

5* 

19 

;.2 

27 

25 

00 

2 3 

30 

3^ 

54 

4- 

27 

43 

22 

30 

24 

29 

3* 

53 

28 

32 

28 

21 

00 

25 

3i 

35 

53 

34 

35 

16 

t9 

00 

26 

33 

34 

52 

46 

3* 

27 

18 

00 

2? 

,Ci 

33 

34 

52 

21- 

39 

11 

17 

00 

28 

32 

34 

50 

35 

42 

10 

10 

oc 

29 

30 

53 

50 

4* 

4(5 

23 

15 

00 

( 

3° 

32 

32 

50 

07 

49 

091 

14 

00 

( 

1 

35 

3i 

49 

26 

51 

57 

14 

00 

( 

2 

30 

33 

49 

30 

53 

45 

14 

00 

3 

25 

30 

49 

5* 

54 

34 

<3 

00 

4 

25 

30 

49 

19 

54 

10 

1 3 

00 

5 

25 

29 

49 

47 

53 

5° 

1 3 

00 

6 

29 

28 

50 

IC 

53 

2 6 

1 3 

00 

1 

7 

31 

27 

49 

58 

53 

48 

1 3 

00 

1 

8 

32 

29 

49 

21 

5 5 

1 9 

1 3 

00 

] 

9 

32 

30 

49 

45 

5 8* 

49 

i3 

00 

Obf.  : 

IQ 

33 

28 

49 

61 

37 

1 3 

00 

Sometimes  calm. 

Squalls, Showers  of  Snow  and  Hil 
Storm  y,frequentShowers  of  Snf 


Hard  Froft,  Fair 
Jold  Air.  Squally,  and  foggy. 
A wet  Fog. 

Moderate  Gales. 

Frefh  Gales. 

Foggy. 

Frefh  Gales.  Wet  Fog. 
Moderate,  but  cold  Air. 

Frefh  Gales,  fqually,  wj  h Rai 

From  Diggs. 

All  round. 

SbEtoNNW. 

NWtoNNW. 

Iflands. 

NbWtoNNW  Many  Ifles  of  Ice  and  Snow. 

FrefhGales,  and  frequent  Squh 
Squally,  with  Showers  of  Sn<v, 
Squally,  with  Hail. 

Squally,  with  Hail  and  Rair 
Hard  Squalls,  fome  Rain. 
Stormy,  with  fome  Hail.  I 
An  hard  Storm,  wit;  Hail. 
High  Winds,  with  Hail. 

A Storm.  Wind  and  Rain' 
Moremoderate.Frefh  Gales,  a 
Squalls  of  Rain. 

Frequent  Showers  of  Rain. 
Very  fqually,  with  Lightni 
An  hard  Gale,  with  Rain. 
More  moderate  and  fair. 
Moderate  and  fair.  Little 
Frefh  Gales,  with  Rain. 

A Storm.  Wind  and  Rai, 

An  hard  Storm,  with  Rai 
Stormy,  with  Thunder. 

More  moderate.  Cloudy. 
Foggy,  with  fome  Rain. 

Frefh  Gales,  with  Rain. 

Fair  & moderate  for  the  m 
Off  ‘Plymouth. 

Thefe  Obfervations  were  made  by  Mr.  John  Patrick's  new  Quickfilver  Marine  Baromc 
Note,  The  Altitude  of  the  Spirits  in  the  Barometer  and  Thermometer  were  taken  a ’ 

The  Account  of  Wind  and  Weather  at  Sea  is  from  Noon  to  Noon. 


N W to  N. 
NN  Wio  NN£ 
N W. 

NWtoSbW. 
SbWtoWSW. 
WSWtoNW. 
N W. 

WNWtoSSW 


S W. 


E. 

to  E. 
b S. 

S E. 
aft. 

toSSW. 


( 79  ) 


V.  A Litter  from  Mr.  Triewald,  Director  of 
Mechanic  ks  to  the  Ring  of  Sweden,  and  F.  % SS. 
of  England  and  Sweden,  to  Sir  Hans  Sloane, 
Day1.  Fref.  (!{.  S.  relating  to  an  extraordinary  In- 
fiance  of  the  almoji  infiantaneous  freezing  of  Wa- 
ter 3 and  giving  an  Account  of  Tulips,  and  fitch 
bulbous  Plants,  flowering  much  fooner  when  their 
[ Bulbs  are  placed  upon  Dottles  filled  with  Water,  as 
in  Tab*  11*  than  when  planted  in  the  Ground. 

MoJ  honoured  SIR , 

IH  A V E at  prefent  to  communicate  to  you  a fome- 
what  ftrange  Accident,  which  produced  as  unexpect- 
ed a Phenomenon.  The  Ijthof  December  lafl:  coming 
into  the  Hall,  where  my  apparatus  is  placed,  in  the 
Palace  of  the  Nobility  at  Stockholm,  the  Weather  being 
very  cold,  I feared  that  the  Glafs  for  {hewing  the 
Experiment  with  the  Cartejian  Devils  (or  thofe 
glafs  Figures  in  Water,  wThich  by  the  Preflure  of 
the  Air  oh  the  Surface  of  the  Water,  are  made  to 
change  their  Places,  and  fink  to  the  Bottom  of  the 
Glafs)  would  be  in  Danger,  if  the  Water  ftiould  freeze 
in  the  fame.  I took  it  down  from  the  Shelf,  and  uras 
weli  pleafed  to  fee  the  Water  in  a fluid  State ; but  be- 
fore I would  empty  the  Glafs,  as  fome  Friends  that 
were  prefent  had  not  feen  that  Experiment,  I placed  my 
Hand  on  the  Bladder  tied  on  the  Top  of  this  Cylindri- 
cal Glafs,  which  was  of  a pretty  large  Size,  fixteen 

L Inches 


( So  ) 

Inches  high,  and  three  Inches  and  a half  Diameter, 
containing  three  glafs  Figures : In  that  very  Inflant,  and 
in  the  Space  of  a Second  of  Time,  I found  all  the  Wa- 
ter changed  into  Ice  , when  in  that  Time  two  of  the 
Figures  had  reached  very  near  the  Bottom,  but  the 
third,  as  well  as  they,  fixed  in  the  Middle  of  the  Glafs, 
furrounded  with  Ice  as  tranfparent  as  the  Water  itfelf 
before  it  congealed.  This  is,  in  a few  Words,  the 
Matter  of  Faft ; but  the  Reafon  why  the  whole  Body 
of  Water,  in  fuch  a Ihort  Space  of  Time,  Ihould  turn 
into  Ice,  is,  in  my  humble  Opinion,  not  fo  eafily  to  be 
accounted  for  ; and  rather  than  offer  any  Solution  of 
mine,  fhall  leave  the  fame  to  that  ingenious  Gentleman 
Dr.  Defaguliers. 

In  September  laft  I placed  fome  Leeks  of  tulips, 
and  other  Flowers,  after  fuch  a manner  in  Water  as 
the  Figures  in  Tab.  II.  reprefent  j at  which  Time  I 
put  into  each  Glafs  two  Grains  of  Saltpetre.  Thefe 
Glaffes  I kept  in  my  Study,  fometimes  on  a Shelf,  at 
other  times  before  the  Window.  In  a Fortnight’s 
Time  I begun  to  find  that  they  ftruck  new  Roots ; 
the  latter  End  of  November  they  put  forth  Leaves, 
and  in  January  they  all  flowered,  as  well  as  if  they 
had  been  on  a Garden-bed  ; whereas  in  Gardens 
we  feldom  fee,  in  this  Country,  'tulips  before  the 
latter  End  of  May,  and  this  Year  fcarce  fo  foon, 
the  Ground  being  yet  covered  with  Abundance  of  Ice 
and  Snow. 

Though  thefe  Experiments  feem  to  be  calculated 
for  nothing  but  Delight,  yet  I think  they  have  fur- 
nilhed  me  with  fome  Lights,  as  to  the  Rife  of  the 
Sap  in  Plants,  which  I will  forbear  mentioning  till 

tlxe 


3 


\ 


■( 


( 8i  ) 

the  next  Winter  gives  me  an  Opportunity  of  re  if  era* 
ting  thofe  and  fome  other  Experiments. 

I am,  with  the  higheft  Efteem  and  Refped, 

MoJ  Honoured  SIR, 

Tour  mojl  Obedient  and  mojt 
Humble  Servant, 

F r.  Triewald. 


VI.  An  Account  of  fome  Experiments , relating  to  the 
Flowering  of  Tulips,  Narciflfus’s,  &c.  in  Win- 
ter, by  placing  their  Bulbs  upon  Glaffes  of  Wa- 
ter, made  by  Monf  Triewald,  Director  of  Me- 
chanic ks  at  Stockholm,  and  F.  % SS.  of  Eng- 
land and  Sweden,  and  read  before  the  Royal  So- 
ciety May  the  yth,  1730,  as  they  were  tried 
the  next  Seafon  by  Philip  Miller,  F.  5. 
Gardiner  to  the  worfhipful  Company  of  Apothe- 
caries, at  their  Botanic  f Garden  in  Chelfea. 

THE  Glaffes  marked  Numb.  1,  were  Roots  of  a 
Hyacinth,  commonly  known  by  the  Name  of 
Pulchra . Numb.  z.  were  Roots  of  the  common  Ori- 
ental blue  Hyacinth.  The  Flowers  of  thefe  were 

L z not 


Stockholm,  dpril 
theifth , 1730. 


( ) 

not  fo  large  as  they  'are  commonly  produced  when 
pi  inted  in  a Bed  of  Earth  ; but  this  was  occafbned  by 
the  Bulbs  dividing  into  feveral  Off-fets,  each  of  which 
are  asfo  many  different  final!  Roots,  fending  forth  Stems 
and  Leaves.  Numb.  3,  was  aBuibof  a 77///y>, which 
though  placed  on  the  Glafs  of  Water  at  the  fame  Time 
as  the  Hyacinths , yet  was  not  likely  to  flower  in  a 
Month.  Numb.  4,  was  a Root  of  NarciJJiis . This 
was  alfo  as  backward  as  the  Tulip,  though  put  upon 
the  Water  at  the  fame  Time  with  the  Hyacinths * 
Thefe  Roots  were  placed  upon  the  Glalfes  the  Begin- 
ning of  November  laft ; at  which  Time  I put  them 
into  a Green-Houfe,  where  the  Air  was  kept  confhntly 
in  a temperate  Warmth.  The  Glalfes  were  filled  with 
common  Thames  Water,  fo  near  to  the  Top,  tlv.t 
when  the  Bulbs  were  placed  upon  the  Glalfes,  it  might 
be  about  a quarter  of  an  Inch  belo  w the  Bottom  of  the 
Bulbs.  Intothofe  Glalfes  marked  Numb,  y,  I put  a 
fmall  Quantity  of  common  Garden  Mould,  to  try 
whether  that  would  forward  their  Flowering,  or  en- 
creafe  their  Strength  : But  I found  that  all  the  Roots 
which  were  placed  on  thofe  Glalfes,  into  which  the 
Earth  was  put*  were  at  leaf!  a Fortnight  later  than  the 
others  before  their  Fibres  were  emitted,  and  their  Pro- 
grefs  has  been  fince  much  flower.  I alfo  obferved  that 
the  Water,,  in  thofe  Glalfes  where  the  Earth  was  put, 
did  not  wafte  above  half  fo  faft,  as  it  did  in  thofe 
Glalfes  where  there  was  none  ^ which,  I conceive, 
might  be  occafioned  by  the  terreftrial  Matter  mixing 
with  the  Water,  and  fo  rendering  it  thicker,  and  lefs 
capable  of  being  attra&ed  by  the  Plants,  or  evapora- 
ting by  the  Heat.  And  from  thofe  Glalfes,  where  the 

Bulbs 


( 8S  ) 

Bulbs  did  not  exaftly  cover  their  Necks,  the  Wafer 
evaporated  much  fafter  than  from  thofe  where  the  Bulbs 
did  entirely  cover  the  Tops  of  the  Glaffes,  fo  as  to 
leave  no  Vacuities  round  them. 

In  about  a Month  after  the  Roots  were  put  upon  the 
GlalTes  of  Water  they  began  to  put  out  their  Fibres 
into  the  Water  ; but  they  did  not  begin  to  put  forth 
their  Leaves,  until  their  Fibres  were  extended  all  over 
the  Glaffes,  and  were  almoft  as  full  grown  as  at  pre* 
fent.  When  their  Leaves  began  to  appear,  the  Buds 
of  the  Hyqcinth-Flo'wers  were  foon  vifible,  and  in 
about  three  Weeks  Time  were  fully  blown.  The  Tu- 
lips and  NarciJJus's  being  much  back  warder  than  the 
Hyacinths  (as  they  always  are  when  planted  in  a Gar- 
den) thefe  Ihould  always  be  placed  upon  the  Glaffes 
of  Water  fix  Weeks  or  two  Months  earlier  in  theSea- 
fon  than  the  Hyacinths , when  they  are  defigned  to 
flower  at  the  fame  Time}  and  the  Prcecoces  (or  early 
blowing)  Tulips  Ihould  always  be  chofen  for  this 
Purpofe. 

By  this  Method  a Perfon  who  has  not  a Garden^ 
may  have  fome  of  thefe  Flowers  growing  in  his 
Chambers,  where,  if  they  are  not  kept  too  clofefrom 
the  Air,  or  in  a Place  too  warm,  they  will  flower  aL 
moft  as  well  as  in  a Bed  of  Earth,  provided  the  Roots 
are  good,,  and  are  every  Year  renewed  \ efpecially  the 
Tulips , becaufe  they  every  Year  do  form  new  Bulbs, 
the  old  ones  being  always  exhaufted  in  nourifhing  the 
Leaves  and  Flowers,  a new  Bulb  is  annually  produ- 
ced by  the  Side  of  the  Flower-ftem.  The  Hyacinths 
I have  obferved  to  flower  two  Years  fucceflively  upon 
Glaffes  of  Water  \ but  their  Flowers  were  very  weak 


( 84  ) 

the  fecond  Year.  So  that  it  is  much  the  better  Way  to 
have  freth  Roots  every  Year. 

I am  with  the  greateft  Refped, 

GENTLEMEN, 


Chelfea,  Feb, 
Vh>  17  St* 


Tour  mojl  Obedient  Affociate, 


Philip  Miller, 


VII.  A Letter  from  T.  Madden,  M.  D.  of 
Dublin,  to  Cromwell  Mortimer,  M.  D. 
(2^.  5.  Seer,  giving  an  Account  of  two  Women 
being  poifonedly  the  S imple  Distilled 
Water  of  Laurel-Leaves,  and  of 
feVeral  Experiments  upon  Dogs  $ by  which  it  ap- 
pears that  this  La  ur el- Water  is  one  of 
the  ?noft  Dangerous  Poisons  hitherto 
known. 

SIR, 

AVery  extraordinary  Accident  that  fell  out  here 
fome  Months  ago,  has  difeovered  to  us  a moft 
dangerous  Poifon,  which  was  never  before  known  to 
be  fo,  though  it  has  been  in  frequent  Ufe  among  us. 
The  Thing  I mean  is  a Simple  Water,  diftilled  from 
the  Leaves  of  the  Lauro-cerafus . The  Water  is  at 


( h ) 

firft  of  a Milky  Colour,  but  the  Oil  which  comes  over 
the  Helm  with  if,  being  in  a good  Meafure  feparated 
from  the  Phlegm,  by  palling  it  through  a Elannel-Bag, 
it  becomes  as  clear  as  common  Water. 

It  has  the  Smell  of  the  bitter  Almond,  or  Peach- 
Kernel,  and  has  been  for  many  Years  in  frequent  Ufe 
among  our  Houfewives  arid  Cooks,  to  give  that  agree- 
able Flavour  to  their  Creams  and  Puddings.  It  has  alfo 
been  much  in  Ufe  among  our  Drinkers  of  Drams ; and 
the  Proportion  they  generally  ufe  it  in,  has  been  one 
Part  of  Laurel-Water  to  four  of  Brandy. 

Nor  has  this  Practice  (however  frequent)  ever  been 
attended  with  any  apparent  ill  Confequences,  till  fome 
Time  in  the  Month  of  September , 1718,  when  it  hap- 
pened that  one  Martha  Boyfe , a Servant,  who  lived 
with  a Perfon  that  fold  great  Quantities  of  this  Water, 
got  a Bottle  of  it  from  her  Miftrefs,  and  gave  it  to  her 
Mother  Anne  Boyfe  as  a very  rich  Cordial. 

Anne  Boyfe  made  a Prefent  of  it  to  Frances  Eaton 
her  Sifter,  who  was  a Shopkeeper  in  the  Town,  and 
who,  Ihe  thought,  might  oblige  her  Cuftomers  with  it. 
Accordingly  in  a few  Days  the  gave  about  two  Ounces 
of  the  Water  to  a Woman  called  Mary  Whaley,  who 
had  bought  fome  Goods  of  her. 

Mary  Whaley  drank  about  two  Thirds  of  what 
was  filled  out,  and  went  away.  Frances  Eaton  drank 
the  reft.  Mary  Whaley  went  to  another  Shop,  to  buy 
fomewhat  elfe,  and  in  about  a quarter  of  an  Hour  af- 
ter fhe  had  drank  the  Water  (as  I am  informed)  Ihe 
complained  of  a violent  Diforder  in  her  Stomach.  She 
was  carried  Homes  and  from  that  Time  Ihe  loft  her 


( ?8  6 ) 

Speecli,  and  died  in  about  an  Hour,  without  Vomiting, 
or  Purging,  or  any  Convulfion. 

The  Shopkeeper,  Francis  Eaton,  fent  Word  to  her 
Sifter  Ann  Boyfe  of  what  had  happened,  who  came 
to  her  upon  the  MelTage,  and  affirmed,  that  it  was  not 
poflible  the  Cordial  (as  ffie  called  it)  could  have  oc- 
cafioned  the  Death  of  the  Woman;  and  to  convince 
her  of  it,  ffie  filled  out  about  three  Spoonfuls,  and 
drank  it.  She  continued  talking  with  Francis  Eaton 
about  two  Minutes  longer,  and  was  fo  earneft  to  per- 
fuade  her  of  the  Liquor’s  being  inoffenfive,that  ffie  filled 
out  two  Spoonfuls  more,  and  drank  it  off  like  wife.  She 
was  hardly  well  feated  in  her  Chair,  when  ffie  died, 
without  the  leaft  Groan  or  Convulfion. 

Frances  Eaton , who,  as  was  before  obferved,  had 
drank  fomewhat  above  a Spoonful,  found  no  Diforder 
in  her  Stomach,  or  elfewhere  ; but  to  prevent  any  ill 
Confequence,  (lie  took  a Vomit  immediately,  and  has 
been  well  ever  fince. 

Mary  Whaley  was  buried  without  being  examined 
by  any  one,  that  I can  find,  except  the  Coroner.  I 
went  to  fee  Ann  Boyfe  about  Twenty-four  Hours  af- 
ter her  Death,  but  could  not  prevail  to  have  her  open- 
ed. She  was  about  fixty  Years  old  ; her  Countenance 
and  Skin  appeared  well  coloured,  and  her  Features  were 
hardly  altered,  fo  that  ffie  looked  as  oneafleep.  Her 
Belly  was  not  fwelled,  nor  had  ffie  any  other  external 
Mark  of  Poifon. 

This  Accident  brought  into  Difcourfe  another  of 
the  like  Nature  which  happened  about  four  Years 
fince  in  the  Town  of  Kilkenny.  A young  Gentle- 
man, Son  to  Mr. Evans,  an  Alderman  of  the 

Town, 


( 87  ) 

Town,  miflook  a Bottle  of  this  Laurel- Water  for  a 
Bottle  of  Ptifan.  What  Quantity  he  drank  is  un- 
certain, but  he  died  in  a few  Minutes,  complaining  of 
a violent  Diforder  in  his  Stomach.  This  Affair  was 
not  much  regarded  at  that  Time,  becaufe  he  laboured 
under  a Diftemper,  to  which,  or  to  an  improper  Ule 
of  Remedies,  his  Death  was  attributed  by  thofe  about 
him. 

To  fatisfy  myfelf  farther  as  to  the  Effects  of  this 
Poifon,  I made  fome  Experiments,  in  Conjunction 
with  a few  of  my  Friends,  an  Account  of  which  fol- 
lows. 

I.  Ofioler  3,  1718,  We  gave  a large  Setting-Dog 
three  Ounces  of  Laurel-Water  by  the  Mouth.  In  three 
Minutes  after  he  had  taken  it,  he  began  to  be  ftrongly 
convulfed.  His  Convulfions  continued  about  five 
Minutes  ; after  which  I untied  him.  He  then  fell  in- 
to a raoft  violent  Difficulty  of  Breathing,  which  lafted 
about  eight  Minutes,  and  abated  gradually,  upon 
which  he  endeavoured  to  raife  himfelf,  but  could 
not. 

I tied  him  down  once  again,  and  gave  him  an  Ounce 
and  an  half  more,  upon  which  he  funk  at  once,  and 
without  any  Return  of  his  Convulfions,  or  Difficulty 
of  Breathing,  he  expired  in  two  Minutes. 

Upon  opening  the  Stomach,  I found  in  it  the  whole 
Quantity  of  Water  which  he  had  taken;  its  Sur- 
face was  covered  with  Froth,  but  it  was  not  other- 
wife  altered  in  its  Colour,  Gonfiftence,  or  Smell. 
The  Infide  of  the  Stomach  was  not  at  all  inflamed, 
nor  was  there  any  vifible  Alteration  in  the  Tunica 
Fillofa. 


M 


The 


( 88  ) 

The  Veins  of  the  Stomach,  all  the  Mefaraick  Veins, 
and  likewife  the  Vena  Cava , were  much  diftended 
with  Blood  j the  ^ rteries , on  the  contrary,  were  re- 
markably empty.  The  Live?  and  Gall-Bladder  were 
no  Way  altered.  The  Kidneys  were  unufually  full  of 
Blood,  and  appeared  of  a bluilh  Colour,  almoft  as 
deep  as  that  of  the  Violet  Plumb.  Upon  making  an 
Incifion  into  one  of  the  Kidney  s?  the  Blood  flowed  in 
much  greater  Plenty,  and  was  more  fluid  than  ufual. 
In  the  Heart  there  appeared  nothing  preternatural. 
The  Brain  was  no  way  altered. 

II.  0 Bober  24,  We  gave  an  Ounce  and  an  half  of 
the  fame  Water  to  a Bitch  of  a fmaller  Size.  She  was 
immediately  let  loofe,  and  in  two  Minutes  (he  loft  the 
Ufe  of  her  Limbs.  She  attempted  feveral  Times  to 
raife  herfelf,  and  walk,  but  Ihe  ftaggered  and  reeled 
about,  and  then  fell  down.  She  repeated  this  with- 
out.ceafing  about  five  or  fix  Minutes.  At  laft  Ihe  was 
violently  convulfed,  efpecially  in  the  Mufcles  that  ex- 
tend the  HeadzwA  Spine.  About  the  Space  of  a Minute 
Ihe  had  that  Sort  of  Convulfion  called  the  Opifthotonos ^ 
the  Back  of  her  Head  being  drawn  almoft  to  her 
Kail. 

After  this  Ihe  vomited  plentifully,  and  her  Convul- 
fions  ceafed.  She  then  lay  ftill  for  (even  or  eight  Mi- 
nutes, labouring  for  Breath  (though  not  fo  violently 
as  in  the  former  Cafe)  and  foaming  at  the  Mouth. 
We  gave  her  an  Ounce  more  of  the  Water  % upon  which 
her  Difficulty  of  breathing  encreafed,  and  Ihe  died  in 
two  Minutes. 


Upon 


( ) 

Upon  opening  the  Abdomen , the  Thorax  and  the 
Head,  we  found  every  thing  in  the  fame'State  as  in  the 
•former  Inftance. 

III.  O Bober  15,  We  gave  two  Ounces  of  the  Wa- 
ter to  a Dog  of  the  fame  Size  with  the  former,  which 
produced  the  like  Appearances  as  in  the  foregoing  Cafe. 
This  Dog  was  dying  half  an  Hour ; for  the  Dofe  was 
not  repeated,  becaufe  he  did  not  vomit  up  what  he 
had  taken.  Upon  opening  him,  we  found  every  thing 
in  the  fame  State  as  in  the  former  Inftance. 

IV.  OBober  2 .6,  We  gave  two  Drams  and  an  half 
of  the  Water  to  a Dog  of  a middle  Size,  and_  imme- 
diately untied  him.  He  then  ran  about  the  Room  ve- 
ry briskly  for  about  a Minute,  and  feemed  to  be  no 
Way  affected  with  it ; yet  hefoon  loft  the  Ufe  of  his 
Limbs.  He  often  attempted  to  raifehimfelf,  and  walk, 
but  ftill  fell  down  againbefore  he  had  moved  two  Yards 
from  the  Place. 

After  this  he  vomited  plentifully,  confidering  that 
he  had  failed  14  Hours,  upon  which  he  was  feized 
with  a Convullion  more  violent  than  any  of  the  former 
Dogs,  efpecially  in  the  Mufcles  that  extend  the  Head 
and  Spine , Thefe  Convulsions  continued  about  eight 
or  ten  Minutes  ; upon  their  cealing,  he  lay  ftill,  breath- 
ing deeply,  though  regularly,  and  feemed  to  be  alleep. 
In  about  ten  Minutes  he  railed  himfelf,  took  fome 
Food,  and  walked  about  tolerably  well.  We  left 
him,  and  returning  after  three  Hours,  we  found  him 
perfectly  recovered. 

V.  OBober  2.8,  We  injected  an  Ounce  of  the  Wa- 
ter into  the  Intejtinum  reBum  of  a ftrong  Spaniel 
Dog,  and  let  him  loofe.  In  the  Space  of  two  Mi- 

M 2,  . nutes 


1 


( 9°  ) 

nuteshe  began  to  lofe  the  Ufe  of  his  Limbs,  and  to  flag- 
ger  as  the  others  had  done.  He  was  convulfed  more  vio- 
lently than  any  of  the  reft,  and  chiefly  in  the  Mufcles 
of  the  Neck  and  Spine.  The  Mufcles  of  his  Eyes 
were  ftrongly  convulfed,  which  Appearance  was  not 
obferved  in  the  other  Dogs.  He  foamed  at  the  Mouth, 
yelled  frequently,;  and  breathed  with  more  Difficulty 
than  any  of  the  reft-  His  Convulsions  continued  twenty 
Minutes  r upon  their  ceafing  he  lay  quiet,  as  though 
he  flept,  only  that  his  Eyes  were  open.  His  Limbs 
were  now  grown  perfe&ly  paralytick. 

We  raifed  him  up  feveral  Times,  and  offered  to  fet 
him  on  his  Legs,  but  he  did  not  attempt  to  ufe  them. 
He  continued  in  this  Way  about  fifteen  Minutes  longer, 
and  then  was  feized  with  another  violent  Convulfion* 
which  in  five  Minutes  put  an  End  to  his  Life. 

Upon  opening  the  Abdomen , we  found  the  Veins 
of  the  Stomach  and  Guts  very  much  diftended  with1 
Blood,  as  in  all  the  former  Inftances.  In  the  Heart* 
Lungs  and  Brain , there  was  no- vifible  Alteration. 

VI.  October  30,  We  injeded  an  Ounce  and  an  half 
of  the  Water , diluted  with  three  Ounces  of  common 
Water  warmed*,  into  the  Anus  of  a fmall  Bitch.  Be* 
fore  we  could  untie  her  fhe  was  feized  with  Convul— 
lions,  and  yelled  much.  She  fell  as  foon  as  fhe  was 
loofed,  and  never  after  endeavoured  to  rife.  She  had 
Convulfions,.  and  great  Difficulty  of  Breathing  about 
two  Minutes.  She  then  lay  ftilJ,  with  her  Limbs  fluff 
and  extended,  about  three  Minutes  j during  which  Time 
her  lower  Jaw  was  convulfed,  and  pulled  alternately 
to  and  from  the  upper  Jaw,,  with  a very  quick- Mo- 
tion. 


After 


( ?'  ) 

After  this  her  Limbs  became  paraly  tick,  and  Ih?  gafp- 
ed  for  Breath  about  two  Minutes  longer.  She  was  quite 
dead  in  feven  or  eight  Minutes  from  the  Injeftion  of  the 
Clyfter. 

In  the  Abdomen , 'thorax  and  Brain  every  thing 
appeared  as  ufual. 

VII.  November  We  injected  half  an  Ounce  of 
the  Water,  diluted  with  three  Ounces  of  common 
Water  warmed,  into  the  Anus  of  a fmall  Bitch*  In 
the  Space  of  four  Minutes  fhe  began  to  breathe  with 
Difficulty.  We  let  her  loofe,  but  (he  was  not  able  to 
(land,  or  walk  without  (tumbling.  The  Mufcles  that 
extend  the  Head  were  convulfed,  and  her  Fore-legs 
were  affeded  for  three  or  four  Minutes  with  a Tetanus , 
but  had  no  convulfive  Motion.  She  vomited  and  purged 
plentifully.  She  did  not  yell,  nor  feem  to  fuffer  much 
Pain,  nor  did  fhe  lofe  her  Senfes  alhthe  Time. . In 
half  an  Hour  fhe  recovered. 

VIII.  The  next  Day,  we  injefted  a Drachm  of  the 
Water  into  the  external  Jugular  of  the  fame  Bitch. 
She  was  feized  with  Convul  lions  as  violent  as  the  for- 
mer, before  we  could  untie  her.  They  lafted  about 
five  Minutes  * after  which  (he  recovered  gradually,  and 
continued  well. 

IX.  November  20,  Weinjefted  four  Ounces  of  the 
Water  by  the  AnuSi  without  any  Dilution,  into  a (Irong 
Dog  of  a middling  Size.  He  was  feized  with  Con- 
vulfions and  Difficulty  of  Breathing,  in  lefs  than  two 
Minutes  after  the  Injection.  He  fell  to  the  Ground  as 
foonas  his  Convulfions  began,  and  never  once  attempt- 
ed to  rife ; nor  were  his  Convulfions  in  any  Sort  fo  via- 
lent,_neither  did  they  continue  fo  long  as  in  the  for- 
mes 


( p*  ) 

met  Inftances.  He  bled  at  theNofe  about  four  Spoon- 
fuls.  The  Blood  was  of  a very  bright  florid  Colour, 
His  Convulfions  lafted  about  four  Minutes;  after  which 
he  became  entirely  paralytick,  and  died  in  three  Mi- 
nutes more. 

We  found  the  ■ Stomach.,  Intejtines , Liver , &c.  in 
the  fame  State  as  thofe  above-mentioned.  Upon  cut- 
ting about  an  Inch  from  the  lower  Part  of  one  of  the 
Lobes  of  the  Lungs , the  Blood  flowed  from  it  in  great 
Plenty,  and  appeared  more  florid  and  fluid  than  ufual, 

X.  Decemb.  14,  We  gave  five  Ounces  of  Laurel* 
Water  by  Clyfter  to  a Dog  fomewhat  of  the  Size  and 
Shape  of  the  Italian  Greyhound.  He  feemed  at  firft 
to  be  no  Way  affeded  with  it,  but  in  about  five  Mi- 
nutes he  began  to  droop,  and  lofe  the  Ufe  of  his 
Limbs.  He  did  not  once  yell,  or  ftruggle  as  the  others 
had  done,  but  funk  gradually,  till  he  became  at  laft 
entirely  paralytick.  He  had  not  any  Convulfion,  ex- 
cept a kind  of  Spafmus  Cynicus,  a few  Minutes  before 
he  died,  which  happened  in  half  an  Hour  after  the 
Xnjeftion  of  the  Clyfter. 

Upon  opening  thy  Abdomen , we  found  the  Veins 
much  diftended  with  Blood,  as  were  alfo  the  Veins 
and  Sinufes  of  the  Brain-. 

XI.  December  19,  We  gave  three  Ounces  of  the 
Water  in  the  fame  Manner  to  a Cur  of  the  Lap-dog 
Size.  He  died  in  feven  Minutes,  without  any  Con- 
vulfion,  except  a Let  anus  in  the  Mufcles  that  extend 
the  Head. 

The  LauroCerafus  being  an  Ever-green,  and  aboun- 
ding with  a warm  effentialOil,  we  imagined  that  other 

Ever- 


( 9?  > 

Ever-gree’ns  might  partake  of  the  fame  poifonous 
Quality. 

Accordingly  we  made  Trial  of  a Water  diftilled  in 
an Alembic k from  the  Leaves  of  the  I'evo-free,  fomuch 
talked  of  by  the  Ancients,  and  whofe  very  Shade  they 
fuppofed  to  be  fatal  to  thofe  who  fate  or  flept  under 
it. 

XII.  We  gave  three  Ounces  of  this  Water  by  Cly- 
fter  to  a very  fmall  Cur  Dog,  but  he  was  not  in  the 
leaft  affected  with  it. 

XIII.  We  alfo  gave,  by  the  Mouth,  two  Ounces  of 
a Water , diftilled  from  the  Leaves  of  the  Bay-free y 
to  a young  Spaniel,  without  any  Effeft. 

XIV.  We  afterwards  made  an  Experiment  with  the 
diftilled  Water  of  Box-Leaves , which  had  a very 
firong  Narcotic}.  Smell.  We  injected  five  Ounces  of 
this  Water , by  the  Anus,  into  a fmall  Cur  Dog,  but 
he  was  no  Way  affeded  with  it,  though  we  kept  him 
twelve  Hours  after  the  Operation. 

XV.  Being  defirousto  know  whether  the  Virulency 
of  Laurel-Water  was  owing  to  the  Fire  in  Dift illa- 
tion, we  poured  warm  Water  upon  fome  Laurel- 
Leaves  bruifed,  andmade  a ftrong  Infufion  of  them. 
We  poured  an  Ounce  of  it  down  a Dog’s  Throat,  half 
of  which  was  fuppofed  to  enter  the  Stomach,  and  five 
Minutes  after  another  Ounce  was  given  in  like  Manner. 
The  Dog  feemed  to  be  fomewhat  fick  at  his  Stomach, 
but  was  foon  as  lively  as  ever.  A few  Minutes  after 
this  another  Ounce  was  given  to  him  by  the  Mouth,, 
of  which  we  fuppofe  a fourth  Part  to  have  been  loft. 
He  foon  after  flared,  and  trembled  very  much.  In  five 
Minutes  another  Ounce  was  exhibited,  upon  which 


( 94  ) 

he  trembled  as  before,  but  in  a little  Time  lie  appear- 
ed eafy  and  lively. 

Imagining  thatthefe  fmall  Quantities  loft  their  Pow- 
er, during  the  Intervals  of  giving  them,  in  ten  Minutes 
after  his  taking  the  former  Dofe,  we  poured  down  his 
Throat  two  Ounces  and  a half  at  once.  He  immedi- 
ately tumbled  on  his  Back  convulfed,  and  tumbled  over 
three  or  four  times,  but  quickly  returned  to  his  Feet. 
He  ftaggered,  his  Eyes  flared,  and  he  fate  down  like 
a Dog  that  is  tired.  At  length  he  Ihut  his  Eyes,  his 
Neck  became  extended,  and  we  apprehended  he  was 
falling  into  Convulfions  ; but  inftead  thereof  he  vomi- 
ted a vaft  Quantity  of  indigefted  Chyle , in  which  ap- 
peared a great  Portion  of  the  Infufion  ; after  which  he 
feemed  to  be  perfectly  recovered. 

XVI.  In  about  twenty-five  Minutes  after  this  we 
gave  the  fame  Dog  by  tne  Mouth  two  Ounces  of  the 
Juice  expreffed  from  Laurel- Leaves,  and  in  about 
ten  Minutes  more  another  Ounce  was  given  him  in 
the  fame  Manner.  In  a few  Minutes  he  began  to  lofe 
the  Ufe  of  his  hinder  Legs,  but  he  quickly  recovered 
them.  Upon  his  taking  another  Ounce  foon  after  the 
former,  he  fell  into  a great  Difficulty  of  Breathing, 
and  yelled  much.  After  this  he  was  feized  with  very 
ftrong  Convulfions,  which  affedted  his  lower  Jaw  and 
hinder  Legs  moft  remarkably. 

In  about  the  Space  of  five  Minutes  tHefe  Convulfions 
were  fucceeded  by  an  entire  Refolution  of  all  the 
Limbs.  He  breathed  with  great  Difficulty,  and  very 
ilowly.  No  Appearance  of  Expiration.  Sometimes 
we  obferved  two  Attempts  at  Infpiration  without  In- 
termiffion,  or  doling  of  the  Mouth.  At  o ther 

times 


C 9f  ) 

times  there  was  near  the  Space  of  a Minute  between 
two  Infpirations. 

After  this  he  was  feized  with  a Trembling  in  his 
Limbs,  and  in  about  three  Quarters  of  an  Hour  from 
his  taking  the  laft  Ounce,  he  died  without  any  Strugg- 
ling, with  his  Tail  extended. 

There  were  feveral  other  Experiments  made  of  the 
fame  Kind,  by  fome  Gentlemen  of  the  Profeflion  here, 
which  correfponded  exaQdy  with  the  foregoing,  ex- 
cepting this  one  Circutnftance,  that  they  were  of  Opi- 
nion, that  this  Poifon  occafioned  an  Inflammation  in  the 
Stomach  and  Guts. 

Towards  clearing  this  Difpute,  We,  who  thought 
otherwife,  put  together  the  following  Hints,  from 
which  it  appears  that  the  Fad  is  not  as  they  imagin- 
ed, and  that  notwitbflanding  we  find, upon  an  Animal’s 
being  killed  by  this  Poifon,  the  Veins  greatly  diftend- 
ed  with  Blood;  yet  there  is  not  any  Inflammation  pro- 
duced by  it. 

I do  not  know  any  thing  that  will  illuftrate  this 
Matter  better,  than  the  Analogy  which  may  be  ob- 
ferved  between  the  Convulfions  occafioned  by  the  Epi- 
lepfy,  and  thofe  which  are  the  Effect  of  Laurel • 
Water. 

For  Inftance,  in  the  Epilepfy,  the  Body  is  univer- 
verfally  convulfed,  efpecially  the  Mufcles  of  the  Neck, 
the  T ongue , the  lower  yaw,  and  thofe  of  the  Arms. 

The  Effed  of  thefe  Convulfions  is  this : The  Heart 
beats  with  unufual  Violence  and  Frequency,  the  ne« 
ceffary  Confequence  of  which  is,  that  the  Blood  will 
be  thrown  in  greater  Plenty  from  the  Arteries  into  the 
Veins.  But  becaufe  the  Mufcles  do  coraprefs  the  Veins 

N more 


( 9<s  ) 

more  than  the  Arteries  ( whofe  Syftole  does  enable 
them  to  overcome  that  Preflure)  therefore  the  Blood, 
which  is  ftill  puftied1  forward  by  the  Syftole  of  the 
H eart  into  theVeins,  will  be  retained  there  by  the  afore- 
laid  Preflure  of  the  Mufcles,  and  will  return  in  a very 
fmall  Quantity  to  the  Heart. 

For  Example,  the  Abdominal  Mufcles  being  con- 
vulfed,  prefs  the  Stomach  and  Intefiines  upon  the  Vena 
Cava  afcendens,  and  likewife  upon  the  Vena  Porta 
by  which  Means  the  Blood,  returning  from  the  lower 
Extremities,  is  retained  in  thofeVeflels.  Accordingly 
we  fee  the  vifible  and  immediate  Effe&s  of  this  Pref- 
fure are  the  forcing  out  the  Excrements  of  the  Blad- 
der and  Intejtines,  and  very  frequently  the  Profluvi- 
im  Se minis. 

In  like  Manner  the  Preflure  of  the  Mufcles  of  the 
Neck,  'tongue , and  lower  Java  upon  the  Jugular 
Veins  and  their  Branches,  will  not  fuffer  the  Blood  to 
return  to  the  Heart  by  the  Vena  Cava  defcendens. 

To  this  we  may  add  the  Preflure  of  the  Diaphragm 
and  Ribs  upon  the  Lungs,  by  which  Means  the  Trunks 
of  the  Vena  Cans  a afcendens  and  defcendens  are  com- 
prefledat  their  Infertion  into  the  Heart. 

Hence  follows  that  frightful  Blacknels  of  the  Face 
during  the  Paroxyfin,  and  the  prodigious  Swelling  of 
theVeins  of  the  Head,  efpecially  the  Temporal. 

The  neceflary  Confequence  of  all  this  muft  be,  that  if 
the  Convulfion  lafts  long  enough  the  Man  muft  die,  on 
Account  of  the  Blood  being  thrown  out  of  the  Arteries 
into  the  Veins,  and  not  returning  to  the  Heart.  And  I 
make  no  Queftion,  that  if  fuch  a Perfon  was  opened 
after  Death,  we  fhould  find  the  Vena  Cava,  the  Vena 
Porta, 


z 


( 97  ) 

Porta,  the  Veins  and  Sinufes  of  the  Brain , together 
with  all  their  fmalleft  Ramifications,  very  much  di- 
ftended  with  Blood,  and  the  Arteries  on  the  contrary 
almoft  empty. 

But  if  the  Epileptick  ConviilGon  ceafee  before  tb»  cir- 
culation of  the  Blood  is  entirely  flopped,  then  all  becomes 
calm  again,  the  Preffure  is  taken  off  the  Veins,  the 
Blood  returns  to  its  ufual  Courfe,  and  in  a few  Hours 
the  fick  Perfon  is  perfedly  recovered. 

And  yet  all  this  violent  Convulfion  of  the  Body,  this 
prodigious  Diftenfion  of  the  Veins,  and  Interception  of 
the  Courfe  of  the  Blood  paffes  without  any  Inflamma- 
tion, as  appears  from  the  fpeedy  Recovery  of  the  fick 
Perfon : E'or  if  the  Convulfion  had  occafioned  an  Inflam- 
mation, a Fever  muft  neceffarily  have  enfued,  which 
would  difcoveritfelf  by  manifeft  Tokens,  and  would  re- 
quire a much  longer  Time  for  its  Abatement. 

Let  us  now  obferve  the  Analogy  between  thefe  Ap- 
pearances, and  thofe  produced  by  Laurel-Water. 

We  find  by  Experiment,  that  an  Ounce,  or  even  two 
Drachms  and  a half  of  Laurel-Water  will  occafion 
more  violent  Convulfions  than  three  Ounces,  or  even  five 
of  it.  Exp.  4,  5 to  ii  . If  therefore  an  Inflammation 
was  the  neceffary  Confequence  of  this  Water  being  ta- 
ken into  the  Stomach  or  Guts , the  more  violent  the  Con- 
vulfion  is,  the  greater  the  Inflammation  ought  to  be. 

On  the  contrary  we  find,  that  the  more  violent  theCon- 
vulfion  is,  the  greater  is  the  Probability  that  the  Crea- 
ture will  recover.  Exp.  4 to  7.  And  when  itfo  falls  out, 
the  Manner  is  exactly  the  fame  as  in  the  Recovery  of  an 
Epileptick  Perfon.  In  a few  Minutes  the  Creature  be- 
comes as  brisk  as  if  no  fuch  Thing  had  happened. 

N a Now 


C 98  ) 

Now  if  an  Inflammation  was  at  all  the  neceflary  Con- 
fequenceof  thisPoifon,  though  the  Creature  recovers* 
yet  there  muft  be  fome  Inflammation,  greater  or  iefs,  pro- 
duced, which  muft  occafion  more  violent  and  lafting 
Symptoms.  But  fince  nonefuch  appear,  fince  the  Recovery 
is  fo  fudden  and  effedual,  it  is  the  ftrongeft  and  plaineft 
Argument,  that  there  is  not  any  Inflammation  produced. 

If  th  z Law  el- Water  is  adminiftred  to  the  Quantity 
of  an  Ounce  or  more,  the  Creature  unavoidably  dies  in  a 
few  Minutes,  and  upon  opening  him  the  Appearances  are 
thefe.  Both  the  Trunks  of  the  Vena  Cava,  and  all  the 
Ramifications  of  the  Meferaick  Veins  are  greatly  diften- 
ded  with  Blood.  Thefe  Veflels  are  eafily  diftinguilhed 
from  the  Arteries,  not  only  by  the  Thinnefs  of  their 
Coats,  but  alfo  by  the  Colour  which  the  Blood  exhi- 
bits to  the  Eye.  Now  I conceive  that  all  Inflammati- 
ons have  their  Beginning  in  the  Arteries,  and  that  they 
are  produced,  becaufe  there  is  no  free  Paflage  for  the 
Blood  into  the  Veins.  But  if  once  this  Paflage  becomes 
free  (as  in  this  Cafe  it  furely  is,  for  we  find  all  the 
Veins  diftended  with  Blood  beyond  their  natural  Di- 
menfions)  the  Inflammation  is  then  at  an  End,  the  Caufe 
which  produced  it  being  taken  off. 

Moreover,  the  Fad  laid  down,  that  the  Veins  are  pre- 
ternaturally  diftended  with  Blood,  does  neceffarily  con- 
clude, that  the  Arteries  are  not  diftended  with  it,  and 
confequently  that  there  cannot  be  any  Inflammation  -r 
for  if  the  Quantity  of  Blood  is  encreafed  in  the  Veins, 
it  muft  be  proportionably  diminifhed  in  the  Arteries. 

To  what  has  been  faid,  we  may  add  the  following 
Obfervation  y viz.  that  if  there  was  any  Inflammation 
produced  by  this  Poifon,  it  ought  t®  appear  moft  re- 
markable 


/ 

/ 


( 99  ) 

markable  on  the  Infide  of  the  Stomach  and  InteJHnes , 
becaufe  of  the  immediate  Contact  it  has  with  thofe 
Parts, 

All  other  Poifons  which  occafion  Inflammations  in 
the  Stomach  and  Guts,  do  firft  operate  upon  the  Blood- 
VefTels,  and  corrode  the  Parts  inflamed.  They  occafion 
Vomitings  and  Fluxes  of  Blood,  which  at  length  ter- 
minate in  Convulfions. 

One  may  very  eafily  be  deceived  upon  opening  the 
Stomach  of  a Dog,  and  may  miftake  the  Rednefs  of 
the  tunica  Fillofa  for  an  Inflammation. 

The  inner  Coat  of  a Dog’s  Stomach  is  naturally  of 
a ruddy  Flefh-colour,  and  therefore  of  all  domeftick 
Animals  a Dog  has  the  quickefl  and  ftrongeft  Digefti- 
on.  Accordingly  we  fee,  that  they  fwallow  Bones, 
and  digeft  them  perfectly  well  ; and  although  they  are 
but  half  chewed  when  taken  into  the  Stomach,  yet 
they  are  at  lafl  reduced  to  as  foft  a Confidence  as  any 
other  Part  of  their  Aliment.  It  is  for  this  Reafon 
therefore,  that  the  Stomachs  of  Dogs  are  more  plenti- 
fully fupplied  with  Blood  than  thofe  of  other  Animals ; 
by  which  Means  not  only  the  mufcular  Force  of  the 
Stomach,  but  its  Warmth  alfo,  which  is  the  principal 
Inftrument  of  Digeftion,  is  very  much  increafed. 

N.B.  The  ryth  and  16th  Experiments  were  com- 
municated to  me  by  Dr.  Stephens , a Fellow  of 
„ our  College  of  Phyficians.  1 am, 

SIR, 

Dublin,  April  7 7 , 

*9.  *731.  Tour  mojt  Humble  Servant , 


T.  Madden, 


( 100  ) 

DR.  John  Rutty  of  Dublin,  informed  the  Publi/her^ 
That  whereas  there  were  fever  al  other  Experi- 
ments made  at  the  fame  Time  by  other  Gentlemen , 
as  Dr,  Madden  mentions , which  agreed  with  thefe^ 
fome  Perfons  who  were  prefent  at  them  propofed  fe- 
ver alt  kings  to  be  tried  as  Antidotes  to  this  Poifon  ; 
accordingly  Bole,  Vinegar  and  Milk  were  given  to  a 
Dog  which  had  fwallowed  fome  of  the  Laurel-Wa- 
ter : The  Bole  and  Vinegar  were  not  obferved  to  do 
much  goody  but  the  Dog  which  drank  the  Milk  re- 
covered without  any  bad  Symptoms  \ but  at  that 
Diftance  of  Time  the  Doff  or  could  not  recolleff  the 
Proportions  that  were  given  : He  thinks  a Pint  of 
Milk.  The  Publijher  hath  tried  fever  al  Experiments 
in  Effex  and  in  London,  which  correfpond  withy  and 
confirm  the  above-related , and  will  be  communi- 
cated to  the  Publickin  fome  other  Tranfa&ion. 


FINIS. 


ERRATA. 

PAG.  78.  l.ju  from  the  Bottom,  dele  Spirits  in  the.  P.  8x,  1.  7. for  Fr. 
r.  Martin  j as  likewife  N°  40*.  p.  39. 1. 3. 


Numb.  419. 

PHILOSOPHICAL 

TRANSACTIONS 

For  the  Months  of  June  and  July  1731. 

The  CONTENTS. 

I.  An  Account  of  .Mr.James-Chriflopher  LeBlon’r 

principles  of  Printing,  in  Imitation  of  Paint- 
ing, and  of  Weaving  Tapeftry,  in  the  fame 
manner  as  Brocades.  By  Cromwell  Mor- 
timer, M.  T>.  P.  S.  Secret. 

II.  A Letter  to  Dr.  Jurin,  F.  p.  S.  giving  an 
Account  of  the  Condition  of  the  Toum  of  Ha- 
flings,  after  it  had  been  vifitcd  by  the  Small 
Pox. 

III.  A Catalogue  of  Eclipfes  of  the  four  Satel- 
lites of  Jupiter,  for  the  Tear  173  a.  (By  James 
Elodgfon,  F.p.S . and  Mafter  of  the  Ppyal 
Mathematical  School  at  Chrifl’s  Hofpital, 
London. 

IV.  A Letter  to  the  Prefident  of  the  Ppyal  Society , 
from  Frank  Nicholls,  M.  T>.  F.  p.  S. giving 
an' Account  of  a Polypus,  refembling  a (Branch 
of  the  Pulmonary  Vein,  coughed  up  by  an 
aflhmatic  Perfon. 


V.  An 


The  CONTENTS* 

V.  An  Account  of  an  Experiment  explaining  a 
mechanical  (paradox , viz.  that  two  (Bodies  of 
equal  Weight  fufpended  on  a certain  fort  of 
Balance  | _as  in  Tab.  Fig.  if j do  not  lofe  their 
^Equilibrium,  by  being  removed  one  farther 
from , the  other  nearer  to  the  Center.  By  the  pey. 
T.  J.  Defaguliers,  L.  L.  D.  O F.  P>  & 

VI.  Be  Ingenti  Sanguinis  Vomicu  perqudm  geli- 
diflimis  brumali  tempore  Potionibus  curato,  0b~ 
ferVatio  ad  Ppgiam  Scientiarum  Londinenfem  So- 
cietatem,  d Petro  Antonio Michelotto  M. 

P-  S.  S.  tranfmiffa. 


i 


( 101  ) 

1 An  Account  of  .MK  James  Chriltopher  Le  Blon’* 

< Principles  of  Printing,  in  Imitation  of  Paint- 
ing, and  of  Weaving  Tapeftry,  in  the  fame 
manner  as  Brocades.  By  Cromwell  Morti- 
mer, M.  2X  5.  % Secret . 

MR.  Le  Blon  endeavouring  to  fix  the  true  Har- 
mony of  Colouring  in  Painting,  found  that  all 
vifible  Objects  may  be  reprefented  by  the  three  pri- 
mitive Colours,  Red,  Tellow,  and  Blue ; for  out  of 
them,  all  others,  even  Black  itfelf,  may  be  compound- 
ed. We  are  beholden  .to  the  great  Sir  Ifaac  Newton 
for  the  Difcovery  of  the  Difference  of  Colours  con- 
tained in  the  Rays  of  the  Sun-,  and  that  the  Union 
of  them  all  produces  a White,  which  is  Light  itfelf. 

For  Diftindtion  fake  Mr.  Le  Blon  calls  thofe  Co- 
lours which  are  comprehended  in  the  Rays  of  the 
Sun,  Impalpable  Colours , and  thofe  ufed  in  Painting, 
Material  Colours.  In  the  material  Colours,  a Mix- 
ture of  all  Three  produces  a Black  or  Darknefs,  con- 
trary to  what  is  obferved  in  the  Impalpable , which  I 
faid  juft  now  produce  White.  Mr.  Le  Blon  takes  this 
Phaenomenon  to  be  owing  to  the  Body  or  Subftance 
of  which  thefe  three  material  Colours  confift,  and 
to  the  Particles  of  them  being  Opake , and  not  Tranf 
parent ; “for  they  only  refleft  certain  Rays  of  Light, 
that  ftrike  on  their  Surfaces  ; and  therefore  when 
'final!  Particles  of  different  Colours  are  placed  clofe  to- 
gether, if  they  are  fo  fmall  that  each  of  them  cannot 
be  feen  feparately  by  the  Eye,  we  do  not  difcern  the 

0 Colour 


( 102  ) 

Colour  of  each  particular  Atom,  but  only  the  blend- 
ed refleded  Rays,  proceeding  from  the  adjoining  Par- 
ticles: Thus  Yellow  and  Red  produce  an  Orange, 
Yellow  and  Blue  a Green,  Sfc.  which  feems  to  be 
confirmed  by  placing  two  Pieces  of  Silk  near  together } 
viz.  Yellow  and  Blue  : When  by  intermixing  of  their 
reflefted  Rays,  the  Yellow  will  appear  of  a light 
Green,  and  the  Blue  of  a dark  Green  ; which  deferves 
the  farther  Confideration  of  the  Curious. 

He  hath  reduced  the  Harmony  of  Colouring  in 
Tainting  to  certain  infallible  Rules , built  on  this 
Foundation  : Whereas,  according  to  the  common 
Practice  of  Painters,  their  Colouring  is  the  Effed  of 
meer  Chance  or  Guefs-work  at  firft,  but  improved  by 
Experience ; all  Painters  ufually  declaring  that  there 
can  be  no  certain  Rules  given  for  mixing  Colours. 
Mr.  Le  Blon  publilhed,.  fome  Years  ago,,  an  ingenious 
Book  on  this  Subjed,  intituled.  Color itto ; or,  the 
Harmony  of  Colouring  in  Painting. 

By  thefe  Rules  he  light  on  the  Manner  of  Print- 
ing any  Objed  in  its  natural  Colours,  by  the  Means 
of  three  Plates,  and  the  three  primitive  Colours  ; an 
Art  attempted  and  fought  after  ever  fince  the  Inven- 
tion of  Printing,  but  in  vain,  and  thought  impoffible, 
till  he  put  it  in  pradice  about  fifteen  Years  ago. 

The  Plates  are  engraved  chiefly  after  the  Mezzo 
Tinto  Manner:,  only  the.  darker  Shades , and  fome- 
times  the  Out-Lines where  they  are  to  appear  very 
(harp,  are  done  with  a common  Graver.  Each  Plate 
is  not  compleatly  engraved,  but  only  contrived  to  take 
fuch  a Portion  of  the  Colour  as  is  neceil'ary  with  the 
other  two  Plates , to  make  the  Pidure  compleat.. 

This 


Z 


( m ) 

This  Art  of  Printing  coufifts  in  fix  Articles  • viz. 

- •*  • V-Vf  ••' • * ^ 4 * ' •’  ; " * t ' / f.  -• 

I.  To  produce  any  Objed  with  three  Colours,  and 
three  Plates. 

II.  To  make  the  Drawings  on  each  of  the  three 
Plates,  fo  that  they  may  exadly  tally. 

III.  To  engrave  the  three  Plates,  fo  as  that  they  can* 
not  fail  to  agree. 

IV.  To  engrave  the  three  Plates  in  an  uncommon 
Way,  fo  as  that  they  may  produce  3000  and  more 
good  Prints. 

V.  To  find  the  three  true  primitive  material  Co- 
lours■,  and  to  prepare  them,  fo  as  that  they  may  be 
imprimable,  durable,  and  beautiful. 

VI.  To  print  the  three  Plates,  fo  as  that  they  may 
agree  perfectly  in  the  Imprellion. 


The  jirjt  of  which  is  the  moft  confiderable,  com- 
prehending the  'theoretical  Part  of  the  Invention ; 
and  the  other  five  are  fubfervient  to  bring  it  into  me- 
chanical Pradice,  and  of  fuch  Importance,  that  if  any 
one  of  them  be  wanting,  nothing  can  be  executed 
with  Succefs  or  Exactnefs.  Sometimes  more  than  the 
three  Plates  may  be  employ’d  •,  viz.  when  Beauty, 
Cheapnefs,  and  Expedition  require  it. 

The  Obfervation  of  the  compounded  Colours  re- 
flected from  two  Pieces  of  Silk,  of  different  Colours, 
placed  near  together,  firft  gave  him  the  Thought  of 
what  the  EffeCt  of  weaving  Threads  of  different  Colours 
would  be,  when  all  the  Threads  were  fo  fine,  as  not  to 
be  diftinguilhed  at  a fmall  Diftance  one  from  another. 

O * - By 


: f >04  ) 

By  the  fame  Principles  of  producing  any  vifible 
Objed  with  a fmall  Number  of  Colours,  he  arrived 
at  the  Skill  of  producing  in  the  Loom  all  that  the  Art 
of  Painting  requires.  An  Art  likewife  often  attempt- 
ed, but  as  often  abandoned,  and  declared  impoffible 
till  now,  as  well  as  the  other  of  Printing  in  Colours. 
And  ’cis  probable,  many  Improvements  may  from, 
hence  be  made  in  feveral  Trades,  efpecially  in  comb- 
ing of  Wool,  where  the  Mixing  of  feveral  Colours 
may  be  of  great  Ufe } but  he  hath  not  yet  had  Time 
to  apply  it  to  any  thing  elfe  befides  Painting,  Print- 
ing, and  Weaving. 

The  Colours  ufed  in  Weaving  being  only  fuper- 
ficial,  and  fo  differing  from  both  the  impalpable  and 
the  .material  Colours,  and  not  being  to  be  fo  clofely 
joined  or  incorporated  together  as  thofe,  will  not  of 
themfelves  produce  a White  or  Blacky  but  only  a 
Light  Cinnamon  /Wherefore,  in  Weavinghe  hath  been 
obliged  to  make  ufe  of  'white  and  Threads, befides 
red,  yellow,  and  blue  y and  tho’  he  found  he  was  able 
to  imitate  any  Pidure  with  thefe  five  Colours,  yet  for 
Cheapnefs  and  Expedition,  and  to  add  a Brightnefs 
where  it  was  required,  he  found  it  more  convenient  to 
make  ufe  of  feveral  intermediate  Degrees  of  Colours. 

There  are  two  Ways  in  Ufe  at  Brujfels , and  at  the 
Goblins  in  Paris , for  making  Lapeftry  after  the 
common  Manner : One  they  call  the  fiat  Way , and 
the  other  the  upright » In  the  fiat  Way  they  have 
the  Warp  ftretched  in  a Frame  length-wife  of  the 
Piece:  It  is  made  of  white  Worfted,  and  the  Pattern 
lies  dofe  under  it ; fo  that  the  Workman  can  fee  the 
Figures  through  the  Warp:  He  is  provided  with  Bob- 
bins- 


( 105  ) 

bins  of  various  Colours  of  Silk  or  Worfted,  as  the 
Piece  requires:  Then  he  takes  up  with  his  Fingers 
one  Thread  after  another,  as  they  anfwer  to  any  Co- 
lour in  the  Painting  beneath ; and  with  the  other  Hand 
palfes  the  Bobbin  with  the  fame  Colour,  and  ftrikes 
the  Threads  clofe  with  an  Ivory  Comb.  Some  of 
thefe Frames  are.  made  like  a Loomy  with  a Warp 
paffed  through  the  Leifies  and  Predies  for  the  Feet, 
with  which  they  open  the  Threads  of  the  Warp,  to 
pafs  a common  Shuttle  through  them,  when  it  is  ne- 
celfary  to  make  a long  Throw,  as  is  required  in 
Grounds,  Pillars,  and  tall  Uprights. 

In  the  upright  Way  the  Warp  runs  from  Top  to 
Bottom  of  the  Piece;  the  Pattern  is  placed  upright, 
and  clofe  behind  it,  and  the  Out-lines  are  drawn  in 
Charcoal  upon  the  Forejide  of  the  Warp.  The  Work- 
man is  placed  with  his  Back  to  the  Light,  by  which 
means  he  can  fee  the  Pattern  better;  then  he  takes 
up  the- Threads  one  by  one,  and  palfes  the  Bobbin,  as 
in  the  other  Way,  and  ftrikes  it  clofe  with  the  Comb;. 
All- which  is  near  as  tedious  as  Needlework  itfelf; 
which  is  the  Reafon  why  fine  Papejiry  comes  to  fuch 
high  Prices,  fo  that  none  but  Princes  care  to  buy  it; 
and  what  can  be  had  at  a moderate  Price  is  always 
coarfe,  and  of  a low  Tafte : For  Workmen  who  have 
any  good  Notion  of  Painting , and  are  capable  of  ad- 
juring the  Colours,  are  not  to  be  had,  but  forexceffive 
Wages  ; which  much  enhances  the  Price  likewife 
But  in  Mr.  Ze  Plan’s  new  Way  of  weaving  Pap  eji  ry 
in  the  Loom  with  a Draw-boyy  Tapeftry  may  be 
performed  almoft  as  expeditious  as  fine  Brocades  : For 
when  the  Loom  is  once  fet  and  mounted,  any  com- 
mon. 


(10*) 

m on T) raft-Weaver,  tho’  not  acquainted  with  Draw- 
ing nor  Painting  ; hay,  hardly  knowing  what  Figure 
he  is  about,  exadly  produceth  what  the  Painter  hath 
reprefented  in  the  original  Pattern : And  thus  a 
Piece  of  'tapeftry  may  be  woven  in  a Month  or  two, 
which,  in  the  common  Way  of  'workings  would  take 
up  feveral  Years : And  what  in  the  common  Way  cofts 
a thoufand  Pounds,  may,  by  this  means,  be  afforded 
liner  and  better  for  a hundred  Pounds.  Therefore,  it 
is  likely,  this  'woven  Tapejtry  may  become  a currant 
Merchandize  ; and  that  many  thoufand  induftrious 
Families  may  be  well  employed  about  it. 

The  main  Secret  of  this  Art  confifts  in  drawing 
the  Patterns , from  which  any  common  Draft - 
Weaver  can  mount  the  Loom  ; and  when  that  is 
done,  the  Piece  may  be  made  of  any  Size,  by  only 
widening  the  Reeds  and  the  Warp  j and  a Reverfe 
may  be  made  with  the  fame  Eafej  which  is  done  by 
the  Boy’s  pulling  the  Lajhes  up  again  in  the  fame  Or- 
der in  which  he  pull’d  them  down  before ; by  which 
Contrivance  the  Tapeftry  may  befuited  to  any  Room, 
whether  the  Light  comes  in  on  the  right  Hand,  or 
on  the  left. 

The  Patterns  are  painted  upon  Paper,  whereon 
are  printed  Squares  from  Copper  Plates,  and  thefe  fub- 
divided  by  as  many  Lines  as  anfwer  to  the  Threads 
of  the  Warp,  which  run  length- wife  of  the  Piece  j 
' then  they  try  how  many  Threads  of  the  Shoot  anfwer 
in  Breadth  to  every  Subdivifion  of  the  Squares.  Every 
Thread  of  the  Warp  goes  through  a fmall  Brafs  Ring 
called  a Male , or  through,  a Loop  in  the  Leilb,  and 
hath  a fmall  long  Weight  or  Lingoe  hung  below,  to 

counter- 


( 10/  ) 

counter-balance  the  Packthreads,  which  going  from  the 
Top  of  the  Rings  or  Loops,  are  palled  over  the  Pul- 
lies  in  the  ‘table  directly  over  the  Loom,  and  are 
continued  nearly  in  a Horizontal  Pofition  on  one  fide 
of  the  Loom,  to  a convenient  Diftance  ; where  they  are 
allfpreadon  aCrofs-piece  fattened  to  two  Staples:  Thefe 
are  called  the  Tall  of  the  Mounture ; and  from  each  of 
thefe  Packthreads,  juft  by  the  fide  of  the  Loom,  are 
faftned  other  Packthreads  called  Simples , which  de- 
fcend  to  the  Ground;  fo  that  by  pulling  xbtfe/imple 
Chords , you  raife  any  of  the  Threads  of  the  Warp  at 
pleafure ; wherefore  they  fatten  a Loop  or  Potlart  to 
as  many  of  thef t Jimple  Chords  as  there  are  Threads 
of  the  Warp  to  be  pull’d  up  at  every  Shoot,  or  every 
Throw  of  the  Shuttle;  by  which  means  the  Shoot 
fhews  itfelf  on  the  right  Side,  where  the  Warp  is 
pulled  up : And  in  ordering  this,  they  are  guided  by 
the  Pattern,  on  which  they  count  the  Diftances  of 
the  Subdivifictns,  which  contain  the  fame  Colours  in 
the  fame  Line,  and  can  be  Ihot  at  once : Then  they 
fatten  Potlarts  to  the  feveral  Jimple  Chords.,  that 
draw  up  the  Rings,  through  which  thofe  Threads  of 
the  Warp  run,  which  are  to  lie  behind  this  Colour ; 
they  tie  all  thefe  Loops  together,  and  fatten  a Piece 
of  Worfted  or  Silk  to  the  Knot,  of  the  fame  Colour 
that  the  Workman  is  to  throw  ; and  the  Boy,  when 
he  pulls  each  Loop,  names  the  Colour,  that  the  Wea- 
ver may  take  the  proper  Shuttle,  and  fo  on  for  every 
Colour  to  be  thrown.. 


( ioS  ) 

II.  A Letter  to  Dr.  Jurin,  R 5.  giving  an 
Account  of  the  Condition  of  the  Town  of  Ha- 
flings,  after  it  had  been  Yt filed  by  the  Small 
Pox. 

S I R,  Rye,  Jan.  28. 1731. 

THE  following  is  a true  Account  of  the  prefent 
Condition  of  the  Town  of  Hafings •,  after  its 
having  been  vifited  with  the  Small  Pox  -,  which  con- 
tinued there  about  a Year  and  half.  I fhould  here 
infert  an  Account  of  thofe  inoculated,  if  any  thing 
remarkable  had  happened:  I can  only  fay  this,  that 
they  all  had  the  Diftemper  very  favourably,  and  con- 
tinue perfectly  well.  I am, 

.S’  I R , 

Lour  very  much  obliged,  humble  Servant , 

T.  Frewek. 


The  Number  of  thofe  that  recovered  of  thev 
Small  Pox  (including  four  that  were  inoc-  ^ 608 


Died  of  it 

Died  of  other  Illneffes  fince  the  Small  Pox\ 

raged  there  < — — — — J 

The  whole  Number  of  Inhabitants  in  that 
Town  are  — — 


97 

206 

So 

1 636 


Males  782 
Females  854 

N.  B.  There  is  at  prefent  no  Small  Pox  in  that 
Town.  Ill,  A 


( 10?  ) 


III.  A Catalogue  of  Eclipfes  of  the  four  Satel- 
lites of  Jupiter,  for  the  Year  1731.  By  James 
Hodgfon,  F.  d^.  5.  and  Mafter  of  the  Boyal 
Mathematical  School  at  Chrift’s  Hofpital, 
London. 

I HAVE  been  long  importuned  by  feveral  of  my 
Friends  to  publifh  a Catalogue  of  Eclipfes  of  Ju- 
piter's Satellite  Si  to  the  Intent  that  fuch  Perfons  as 
are  furniihed  with  proper  Inftruments,  and  want  nei- 
ther Leifure  nor  Inclination  to  obferve  them,  may  nc» 
longer  negleQ:  the  frequent  Opportunities  tint  offer, 
for  want  of  timely  Notice. 

The  great  Number  of  Eclipfes  that  happen  in  a 
Year,  as  appears  by  the  following  Catalogue,  amount- 
ing to  3 52  ; notwithftanding  the  fourth  Satellite  will 
pafs  wide  of  the  Shadow,  after  the  middle  of  Janu- 
ary next ; the  Eafe  with  which  they  are  obferved, 
elpecially  fince  the  great  Improvement  made  to  the  re- 
fie&ing  Telefcope  by  Mr.  Hadley  j the  little  Skill 
that  is  required  to  make  the  Obfervations,  fince  the 
Difference  of  Times,  when  obferved  by  the  larged 
Glades,  and  the  fmalled  through  which  they  may  be 
feen,  amounts  to  fcarce  one  quarter  of  a Minute  ; 
render  thefe  Obfervations  the  mod  proper  of  any  that 
the  Heavens  afford  us,  at  prefent,  for  determining  the 
Longitude  of  Places ; and  I may  venture  to  alferr, 
that  there  are  very  few  Places  of  Note  upon  the  Surface 
of  our  habitable  Globe,  whofe  Longitudes  are  already 
known,  that  have  not  either  been  abfolutely  deter- 

P mined 


( l to  ) 

mined  or,  at  lead,  have  been  redified  and  confirmed 
by  them. 

How  near  thefe  Calculations  willanfwer  to  the  Hea- 
vens, muft  be  left  to  Time  to  difcover ; but  as  the  Tables 
that  I have  made  ufe  of  had  received  no  Corredion  for 
fifty  Years  part,  lhave  endeavoured,  during  the  fmall. 
Time  fincelfet  myfelf  about  this  Work,  to  corred  them 
as  much  as  the  Time  would  allow  me  ; and,!  hope,  be 
fore  the  Year  comes  about,  to  bring  fome  of  the  Sa- 
tellites to  anfwer.  nearer  than  they  do  at  prefent,  and 
in  the  mean  time,  if  thofe  Gentlemen  who  {hall  have 
an  Opportunity  of  obferving  them,  will  tranfmit  their 
Obfervations  to  the  Royal  Society,  it  will  contribute 
towards  a farther  Redification  of  the  Tables. 

I have  by  me  the  Times  of  the  Appulfes  of  the 
Moon  to  the  fixed  Stars,  and  their  Occultations,  by 
the  Interpofition  of  her  Body,  for  the  fucceeding  Year 
which  I had  fome  Thoughts  of  communicating:  But 
as  the  long-expeded  Lunar  Tables  of  Dr.  Halley  will 
very  foon  be  publifhed  £ as  I am  informed)  I have  de- 
ferred  that  Affair  for  another  Year.. 

For  the  Benefit  of  thofe  Perfons  who  have  not  been 
accuftomed  to  make  Obfervations  of  this  Kind,  I had 
determined  with  myfelf  to  have  given  the  Configura- 
tions of  the  Satellites , at  the  Times  when  thofe  that 
are  vifible  in  our  Hemifphere,.  which  are  marked  with 
a Star,  will,  happen  j but  as  it  would  have  taken  me 
up  much  Time  in  doing,  as  well  as  Expence  in  grav- 
ing,. I have  chofe  rather  to  give  fuch  People  fome  In- 
ftrudions,  which,  if  well  obferved,  will  not  only 
point  out  the  exaft  Spot  in  the  Heavens,  where  the 

Appear- 


( m ) 

Appearance  will  be  vifible  (for  want  of  knowing 
which,  the  Satellite  may  be  Immerged  fome  time  be- 
fore it  is  miffed,  and  Emerged  before  it  is  difcovered) 
but  will  prevent  them  from  taking  one  Satellite  for 
another. 

And  firft,  the  Obferver  muff  take  Notice,  that  from 
the  Time  of  the  Conjunction  of  Jupiter  with  the 
Sun,  which  happened  the  beginning  of  September  laft 
to  the  Time  of  the  Oppofition  which  will  happen 
in  the  middle  of  March  next,  the  Eclipfes  in  general 
will  be  vifible  on  the  Weftern  Side,  or  on  the  Right 
Hand  of  Jupiter , when  viewed  in  the  Heavens,  and 
at  the  Time  of  the  firft  Quadrature,  which  will  hap. 
pen  about  the  middle  of  next  December , the  firft  Sa- 
tellite will  immerge  into  the  Shadow  of  Jupiter's 
Body  at  the  Diftance  of  two  Semidiameters  of  Jupi- 
ter , nearly  from  the  Center  of  his  Body : The  fecond 
Satellite  will  immerge  at  the  Diftance  of  two  Semi, 
diameters  and  an  half,  the  third  Satellite  at  the  Di- 
ftance of  three  Semidiameters  and  a quarter.  And  as 
the  Earth  haftensto  the  Oppofition,  which  will  hap- 
pen in  the  middle  of  next  March , the  Diftance  of 
each  Satellite , at  the  Time  of  the  Eclipfe  from  the 
Body  of  Jupiter , will  grow  lefs  and  lef?,  till  when 
the  Earth  arrives  at  the  Oppofition,  the  Satellite  will 
immerge  clofe  to  the  Limb  of  Jupiter  ; and  this  Di- 
minution or  Decreafe  of  Diftance  will  be  fo  regular, 
that  the  Spectator,  by  allowing  for  the  proportionable 
Part  of  Time  between  the  Quadrature  and  the  Oppo- 
fition or  Conjunction  ( the  Diftances  of  the  Sa- 
tellites from  the  Body  of  Jupiter  at  equal  Diftances 
from  thefe  Points  being  the  fame)  I fay,  by  thefe 

P i Means 


f H2  ) 

Means  the  Spe&ator  will  be  at  no  Lofs  to  find  the  ex-  ’ 
a£t  Point  where  the  Satellite  will  appear  or  difappear. 
And  on  the  contrary,  daring  the  Space  of  Time  that 
the  Earth  is  moving  from  the  Oppofition  through  the 
fecond  Quadrature  to  the  Conjun&ion,  which  is  from 
the  Middle  of  March  to  the  Beginning  of  October  ^ 
the  Eclipfes  will  be  feen  on  the  Eaft  Side,  or  on  the 
Left  Hand  of  Jupitery  viewed  from  the  Earth,  and 
at  the  fame  Diftances,  as  in  the  former  Cafe,  accord- 
ing as  {he  approaches  to  the  Quadrature  from  the  Op-- 
pofition,or  recedes  from  it  in  going  to  theConjun&ion. 

By  reafon  of  the  great  Diftance  of  the  third  Satellite 
from  Jupiter , for  about  fix  Weeks  before  and  after 
the  Quadratures,  the  Immerfions  and  Emerfions  become 
vifible  on  the  fame  Side  of  the  Body  of  Jupiter ; and 
this,  without  any  other  Proof,  is  an  ocular  Demon- 
ftration,  that  neither  Jupiter  nor  any  of  his  Sateh 
lites  have  any  Light  of  their  own,  and  none  but  what 
they  borrow  from  the  Sun,  And  the  fame  happens  to 
the  fourth  Satellite , of  which  we  have  but  two 
Eclipfes  in  the  whole  Year ; which,  according  to  this 
Calculation,  will  happen  on  the  ijth  of  January  next, 
when,  if  the  Air  be  clear,  if  will  be  feen  to  enter  into 
the  Shadow  about  Twelve  at  Night,  on  the  Right  Hand 
of  Jupiter , at  the  Diftance  of  four  Semidiameters  and 
a quarter  from  his  Center,  and  will  emerge  on  the 
fame  Side  thirty  Minutes  after  One  in  the  Morning, 
at  the  Diftance  of  almoft  four  Semidiameters  on  the 
fame  Side. 

After  this  manner  will  the  Satellites  appear,  if  they 
could  be  feen  with  the  naked  Eye:,  but  if  they  are 
feen  thro*  a Telefcope  compofed  of  two  Convex  Glades-, 

they 


( 11$  ) 

they  will  be  inverted,  that  is,  from  the  Time  of  the 
Conjunction  to  the  Time  of  the  Oppofition,  they  will 
appear  on  the  Left  Hand  of  Jupiter  \ and  from  the 
Oppofition  back  again  to  the  Conjunction,  they  will 
be  vifible  on  the  Left  Hand  of  his  Body. 

If  thefe  Predictions  Ihould  prove  inftrumental  in 
exciting  the  Curious  to  improve  this  molt  ufefui 
Branch  of  the  Aftronomical  Science,  it  will  be  a fuf- 
fieient  Recompence  for  the  Pains  f have  taken. 


Eclipses 


( ii4  > 

Eclipses  of  the  firjt  Satellite  of  Jupiter  for  the 

tear  i 731. 


January. 

February , 

March. 

Immer  lions 

Immerfions. 

Immerfions. 

D. 

H. 

M. 

s. 

D. 

H. 

M. 

s. 

D. 

M. 

H. 

s. 

01 

18 

4? 

21* 

02 

15 

07 

16* 

01 

22 

46 

15 

°3 

13 

10 

l6* 

04 

09 

35 

37* 

03 

l7 

15 

19* 

05 

.07 

37 

59 

06 

04 

-04 

04 

05 

1 1 - 

44 

25* 

07 

02 

5 

37 

07 

22 

32 

3^ 

07 

06 

13 

30* . 

08 

20 

33 

27 

og 

17 

pi 

10* 

09 

00 

42 

35 

10 

*5 

01 

18* 

1 1 

11 

29 

42 

10 

19 

11 

42 

12 

09 

29 

II* 

13 

05 

58 

10 

12 

!3 

40 

47* 

14 

03 

57 

t>6 

15 

CO 

26 

52 

Emerfions 

15 

22 

25 

05 

16 

18 

55 

3 2* 

14 

10 

21 

41 

l6 

l6 

53 

0 6* 

18 

13 

24 

16* 

16 

04 

50 

48 

*9 

II 

21 

* 

C7\ 

O 

20 

07 

53 

02 

J7 

23 

19 

53 

21 

05 

49 

15 

22 

02 

21 

50 

19 

17 

49 

01* 

23 

00 

*7 

22 

23 

20 

50 

39 

21 

12 

18 

09* 

24 

18 

45 

32* 

25 

15 

19 

29* 

23 

06 

47 

i7* 

2 6 

13 

13 

46* 

27 

og 

48 

23* 

25 

01 

16 

27 

28 

07 

42 

13 

29 

•04 

i7 

18 

26 

x9 

45 

34 

30 

02 

10 

27 

28 

14 

14 

39 

91 

20 

38 

52 

30 

08 

43 

42 

Eclipses 


(11?  ) 


Eclipses  of  the firjl  Satellite; 


April* 

Emerfions. 


May . 

Emerfions. 


June, 

Emerfions, 


D. 

H. 

M, 

s. 

D. 

H. 

M. 

S. 

D. 

H. 

M. 

S. 

01 

03 

12 

.45 

01 

05 

23 

36 

02 

01 

55 

3r 

02 

21 

41 

47 

02 

23 

52 

14 

°3 

20 

23 

44 

04 

16 

10 

49* 

04 

18 

20 

48 

05 

14 

5i 

5 6 

06 

10 

39 

51* 

06 

12 

49 

21* 

.07 

09 

20 

13 

©8 

05 

08 

48 

08 

07- 

17 

53 

09 

03 

48 

29 

09 

23 

37 

44 

10 

01 

46 

27 

10 

22 

16 

47 

11 

18 

06 

39 

1 1 

20 

14 

59 

12 

16 

45 

04 

13 

12 

35 

33* 

r3 

14 

43 

30* 

H 

1 1 

13 

22* 

15 

°7 

04 

27 

15 

09 

12 

01* 

16 

05 

4i 

42 

17 

01 

33 

J9 

i7 

03 

33 

3i 

18 

00 

10 

OJ 

18 

20 

02 

°9 

18 

22 

09 

00 

49 

18 

38 

21 

20 

14 

3i 

00* 

20 

16 

37 

28 

21 

r3 

06 

43 

22 

08 

59 

52* 

22 

11 

05 

55* 

2 3 

°7 

35 

08 

24 

°3 

28 

42 

24 

©5 

34 

10 

2 5 

02 

03 

34' 

2 5 

21 

57 

31 

26 

00 

01 

27 

26 

20 

32 

01 

27 

16 

26 

15 

27 

18 

30 

50 

28 

15 

00 

29 

29 

10 

54 

57 

29 

12 

59 

02* 

30 

09 

28 

58*: 

31  07  27  21 


Eclipses* 


( i \6  ) 

TSc  L i p s e s of  the  firfi  Satellite. 


July. 

Juguft, 

September . 

Emerlions. 

Emerfions. 

Emerfions. 

D. 

H. 

M. 

S. 

D. 

H. 

M. 

s. 

D. 

H. 

M.  S. 

02 

03 

57 

27 

01 

\ 

06 

05 

53 

02 

02 

49  29 

©3 

22 

25 

58 

03 

00 

34 

47 

°3 

21 

18  42 

05 

16 

54 

29 

04 

19 

03 

43 

05 

15 

47  54 

07 

1 1 

23 

01 

06 

r3 

3 2 

4i 

07 

10 

1 7 °5 

09 

05 

5i 

32 

OS 

08 

01 

40* 

09 

°4 

46  14 

1 1 

00 

20 

06 

IO 

02 

30 

40 

12 

18 

48 

46 

I I 

20 

59 

40 

U 

13 

i7 

28 

13 

15 

18 

24 

1 6 

07 

46 

13 

1 5 

09 

57 

46 

18 

02 

i5 

00 

17 

04 

26 

52 

Jupiter 

19 

20 

43 

45 

18 

22 

56 

00 

and  the 

21 

15 

12 

31 

20 

!7 

2 5 

18 

Sun  in 

23 

09 

4i 

x9 

22 

1 1 

54 

21 

Conjunction, 

25 

04 

10 

15 

24 

06 

23 

33 

26 

22 

39 

10 

26 

CO 

52 

43 

28 

i7 

08 

06 

27 

l9 

21 

53 

30 

11 

36 

59 

29 

13 

5i 

06 

J 

3i 

08 

20 

Eclipses 


/ 


( * * 7 ) 

Eclipses  of  the Jirjl  Satellite. 


October. 

November. 

.December. 

Immerfions. 

Immerfions. 

Immerfions. 

D, 

H.  m,  s. 

D. 

H. 

M. 

s. 

D. 

H. 

M. 

s. 

- 

01 

04 

59 

34., 

01 

06 

52 

14 

( 

02 

23 

27 

42 

03 

01 

19 

45 

. 

04 

I? 

55 

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04 

l9 

47 

17* 

06 

12 

23 

47 

06 

14 

14 

48* 

08 

06 

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48 

08 

08 

42 

18 

10 

01 

19 

49 

10 

03 

09 

48 

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47 

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1 1 

21 

37 

l9 

13 

14 

15 

43 

*3 

16 

04 

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...  - 

15 

08 

43 

32 

15 

10 

32 

5£ 

Immerfions. 

i7 

03 

11 

i7 

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04 

59 

4* 

21 

14  09  52 

18 

21 

39 

00 

18 

23 

27 

10 

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00 

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20 

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06 

38 

20 

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54 

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25 

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22 

10 

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15 

22 

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22 

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26 

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24 

05 

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28 

I 6 03  07* 

25 

23 

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27 

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27 

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2 9 

12 

24 

40 

29 

14 

12 

35* 

- 

j 

a 

3i 

08  40  12 

Eclipses 

( 1 1 B ) 


Eclipses  of  the  fecond  Satellite  for  th& 
Tear  i 73%. 


January . 
Immerfions. 
D.  H.  M.  S. 


February. 
Immerfions. 
D.  H.  M.  S. 


March .. 
Immerfions. 
D.  H.  M.  S. 


04 

07 

ri 

14 

18 

21 

25 

2.8 


10 

21 

28  A.  M, 

OI 

13 

07 

15* 

02 

54 

18 

05 

02 

24 

44 

l6 

10 

16* 

08 

15-42 

2 3 

05 

26 

25 

r2 

°5 

00 

04 

l8 

42 

45*  ] 

45 

18 

-*7 

55* 

07 

59 

l7 

19 

07 

35 

58 

21 

a6 

ot 

22 

20 

54 

1 1 

10 

32 

52 

26 

.10 

12 

29* 

23 

49 

59 

29 

23 

3° 

ST 

04  12  49  34  * 
08  02  08  13 
11  15  26  52  * 
Emerfions. 

15  07  31  59  411 
18  20  50  32 
22  10  09  08  * 
25  23  27  48 
29  12  46  18 


jtfril,. 


Emerfions.  1 


D. 

H. 

M. 

s. 

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02 

02 

04 

46 

05 

15 

23 

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09 

04 

41 

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07 

18 

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x9 

20 

36 

42 

23 

09 

54 

55* 

26 

23 

13 

02 

30 

r2 

3° 

54 

May. 

Emerfions. 


D. 

M. 

H. 

1 

s. 

r 

04 

01 

08 

40 

°7 

15 

06 

20 

1 1 

04 

23 

59 

14 

17 

41 

36 

18 

06 

59 

07 

21 

20 

16 

34 

25 

09 

33 

45* 

28 

22 

•50 

53 

Emerfions. 

D.  H.  M.  $, 

01  12  .07  59* 

05  01  24  52 

08  14  J41  53 

12  03  58  57 

15  17  16  04 

19  06  33  13 

22  19  50  26 

26  09  07  49* 

29  22  25  15 

Eclipses 


( n?  ) 

Eclipses  of  the  fecond  Satellite. 


July. 

Augufl. 

September . 

Emerfions 

' 

Emerfions. 

Emerfions. 

D. 

/ 

H. 

M. 

S. 

D. 

H. 

M. 

s. 

D. 

H. 

M.  S. 

°3 

10 

42 

40 

04 

11 

24  . 

*3 

01 

2ri 

53  54 

07 

01 

(DO 

09 

08 

00 

42 

39 

05 

1 1 

1.2  50 

10 

14 

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4i 

1 1 

14 

01 

09 

09 

00 

3i  38 

14 

03 

35 

27 

15 

03 

'9 

45 

17 

16 

53' 

24 

18 

16 

38 

27 

21 

06 

11 

22 . 

22^ 

05 

57 

17 

24 

*9 

29 

3<3' 

25 

19 

16 

10 

28 

08 

47 

47* 

29 

08 

35 

02* 

3i 

22 

06 

01 

October. 

November . 

, December  , 

» 

Immerfions. 

Immerfions. 

Immerfions. 

D. 

H.  M. 

S. 

D 

H# 

M. 

s. 

D. 

H. 

M. 

) 

s. 

01 

05 

20 

50 

°3 

04 

45 

40 

04 

18 

37 

35* 

06 

18 

01 

09* 

08 

07 

54 

06 

10 

07 

16 

39 

,c,  10. 

ft'IDCC1.! 

11 

21 

10 

39 

*3 

20 

32 

05 

15 

10 

26 

53 

17 

°9 

47 

29 

Immerfions. 

18 

23 

42 

48 

20 

23 

02 

53 

21 

*3  29  . 

31 

22 

12 

58 

38 

24 

12 

18 

28 

25 

02  46 

48 

26 

02 

14 

21 

28 

01 

34 

11 

28 

16  03 

49 

29^ 

i5 

30 

04* 

31 

14 

49 

57 

Eclipses 


( 1*0  ) 

Eclipses  of  the  third  Satellite  for  the  Tear,  1732. 

January. 


Immerfions, 


Emerfions. 


D. 

H. 

M. 

S.  ' 

D. 

H. 

M. 

s. 

o? 

02 

34 

47 

.07 

05 

33 

07 

14. 

06 

30 

30 

14 

09 

28 

02 

2:i 

10 

26 

59* 

' 

21 

13 

*3 

45 

2*8 

*4 

24 

12* 

• 

28 

17 

.20 

10 

February . 

1 ■ > 

I -{* 

VI 

T 

Immerfions. 

- 

t ) 

Emerfions. 

D. 

Hi 

M. 

s: 

P. 

H. 

M. 

s. 

04 

18 

22 

°? 

- < . 

04 

21 

*7 

21 

1 1 

22 

20 

’ V”  ! 

I ■ > 

(J  ■ j 

• 

1 9 

02 

*9 

57 

- 

26 

06 

*9 

47 

March . 


Immerfions,; 

D.  H.  M.  S. 
04  10  20  10* 

11  14  20  50* 


Immerfions. 


JpriL 


Emerfions. 

! . 

D.  H.  M S. 
28  21  12  05 

2#  OI  12  o6> 

Emerfions. 


01 


D. 

H. 

M. 

S. 

D. 

H. 

M. 

s. 

I - i -. 

02 

05 

H 

49' 

r i< 

09 

09 

11 

34* 

I 1 

i . 0 O , 

16 

*3 

IO 

56* 

23 

14 

23 

30 

23 

*7 

10 

IO 

30 

18 

22 

58 

30 

21 

08 

52 

Eclipses 


t rill  ) 


Eclipses  of  the  third  Satellite. 


May. 

Xmmerfions, 

j 

' . :■  < * 

Emerfions. 

i!0  "• 

D.  H.  M.  S. 

! 

D,  H.  M. 

s. 

07  22  21  51 

08  01  07 

01 

15  02  20  34 

.15  05  04 

58 

22  06  19  or 

) 

22  09  02 

39* 

2 9 IO.  16  46 

i 

29  12  59 

33 

June, 

Immerfions. 

r 

Emerfions. 

B'.  H»  M.  ST; 

j - 

D.  H 3VF. 

s; 

05  14  14  12 

05  0 5,6. 

18 

12  18  II  47 

1 

i 

12  20  53; 

°7 

19  ^22  09  31 

20  00  50 

05 

27  02  07  39 

Cv< 

27  08  45 

02* 

„.?:k 

July- 

c ■ . 

Xmmerfions, 

' 

, Emerfions. 

.4  | 

;m.  .h  ,a 

A4 

D.  H.  M.  S. 

1 

De  He  M, 

Se  . 

04  06  06  02 

? 

04  oS  45 

02.  : 

n 10  04  34* 

I 

ii  12  42 

48 

18  14  03  47 

1 

18  16  41 

17 

25  18  ^03  27 

< 

1 8 20  40 

I I 

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k T 

Xmmerfions, 

a 

1 

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a H.  M.  s: 

’ 

D.  h:  m. 

fy 

s. 

OI  22  03  23 

% 

1 

02  00  39 

2 3 

I 

09  04  38 

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1 6-  08  38 

52* 

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23'  ^ 39' 

4 1 

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30  x6  35 

42 

* 

EC  L I PS 

( lii  y 

Eclipses  of  the  third  Satellite. 
September. 


Immerfions. 

D.  H.  M.  S. 

_0  - .v 
'?£  II 

Immerfions.- 
D.  H.  M,  S. 

t » . , . . . ...  . I.  <. 

; iii  ^ O 

19  18  08  42 

26 . 22  06  S3 

•;  \ £q  r'  c 

Immerfions. 

D.  H.  M.  S. 

03  02  03  43 

10  off  00  1 i 

17  09  55  54 
24  13  5o  43 


Immerfions. 

. ■ 

D.  H.  M.  S. 

. jl  . • ~ i 

01  17  45  25’ 

©8  21  39  40 

16  01  33  45 

23  05  27  51 
30  09  22  31 


October. 

1 


# 

Emerfions. 

f /r  • .1  • { y 

D.  H.  m;  s. 

06  20  40  15 

14  00  40:  33 

Emerfions. 

D.  H.  M.  S; 


November . 


Emerfions. 

D.  H M.  S. 


oc 


December. 


2 4 16  15  45 

Emeffions. 

D.  H,,  M.  S; 

' f . r Op.  i 

10  2d  09  49 
09  OO  03  38 

16  03  56  57 

23  07  50  29 

30  11  44  35 

Eclipses 


( ) 

Eclipses  of  the  fourth  Satellite  for  the  2"ear  1731. 

„ D.  H.  M.  S. 

January  15  at  11  79  yz*  an  Immerfion. 

at  13  5-9  5-4*  an  Emerfion. 

After  which  Time  the  Satellite  will  pafs  wide  of 
the  Shadow  of  Jupiter  j and  there  will  be  no  more 
Eclipfes  till  the  Beginning  of  the  Year  1734. 


IV.  A Letter  to  the  B ref  dent  of  the  (Royal  Society , 
from  Frank  Nicholls,  M.  T>.  F.  % S.  giving 
an  Account  of  a Polypus,  refemhling  a 'Branch 
of  the  Pulmonary  Vein,  coughed  up  by  an 
afthmatic  Perfon. 

«?  / R, 

i 

Nicholas  fulpiiis,  in  the  7th  Obfervation  of  his 
fecond  Book,  prefents  us  with  the  Cafe  of  a 
Man  who,  with  a large  Effufion  of  Blood,  threw  up, 
by  coughing,  two  Branches  of  the  Pulmonary  Fein, 
fix  Inches  long,  with  their  feveral  Ramifications,  freed 
from  the  7" r achaa  and  Subftance  of  the  Lungs,  as  if 
differed  by  the  mod  accurate  Anatomift.  This  Cafe 
he  obferves  to  be  very  extraordinary,  and  not  to  be 
paralleled  in  the  Writings  of  phyfical  Authors. 

A little  Acquaintance  with  the  Stru&ure  of  the 
Lung?  fufficiently  evinces  the  Impoffibility  of  the  Fad, 

as 


( 124  ) 

as  there  dated  ; wherefore  (not  doubting  the  Veracity 
of  the.  Author)  I always  believed  him  to  be  deceived 
by  a Polypus  of  the  Vein,  which  might  be  cough’d 
up  in  the  Manner  by  him  defcribed. 

But  the  following  Cafe  will  give  another  Light  to 
this  Affair.  July  the  18th  1730,  I was  confulted 

by  Mr. of  "Black  Friars , on  Behalf  of  his 

Brother,  living  in  Ejfex,  who  was  afthmatic,  and 
cough’d  up  Phlegm  refembling  Worms ; to  remedy 
which,  I directed  the  Ufe  of  a Lac  Ammoniacum 
with  Squills;  from  the  Ufe  of  which  he  expectorated 
more  ealily,  but  continued  ftill  to  cough  up  the  fame 
Subftances. 

The  1 ith  Inftant,  on  the  Road  to  London , he  was 
■feized  with  a Shivering,  and  pleuretic  Pains  ; a white 
Tongue,  hard  and  quick  Pulfe,  cf  c.  By  repeated 
Bleeding  his  P'ains  decreafed,  but  the  Cough  remained 
more  violent  than  ufual.  On  examining  the  expecto- 
rated Phlegm  (which  was  tinged  with  Blood)  I found 
it  fibrous,  and  (when  expanded  in  Water)  exaCtly  re- 
fembling the  Veffels  in  the  Lungs.  Thefe  Subfiances 
are  as  tough  as  the  Coats  of  the  Veins,  and  (like  them) 
hollow.  Mr..  — — has  cough’d  up  more  or  lefs  of 
them  every  Day,  for  feven  Years  j fometimes  per- 
fectly white,  and  fometimes  tinged  with  Blood : Not- 
withftanding  which,  he  has  had  no  other  Complaint, 
has  had  a good  Appetite,  and  Colour,  and  a greater 
Share  of  Fat  than  any  Man  would  choofe.  The  Spe- 
cimen here  {hewn  (as  in  Fig.  1.)  was  expectorated, 
when  I was  prefent,  the  16th  Inftant.  It  nearly  re- 
fembles  the  firft  Draught  of  fulpius , and  is  no  more 
than  a vifeid  Phlegm,  fecreted  by  the  relaxed  Glands. 

of 


( »M  ) 

of  the  fracbaa,  and  afterwards  concreted  by  the 
Heat  of  the  Part.  As  this  may  ferve  to  explain  the 
remarkable  Cafe  of  fulphs,  fo  I thought  it  worth 
being  communicated  to  the  Society.  I am, 

With  great  Refpeti, 

June  17.  Tour  very  humble  Servant , 

I73>. 

Frank  Nicholls. 


V.  An  Account  of  an  Experiment  explaining  a 
mechanical  Taradox,  viz.  that  two  Bodies  of 
equal  Weight  fufpended  on  a certain  fort  of 
Balance  \_as  in  Tab..  Fig.  2.3  do  not  lofe  their 
^Equilibrium,  by  being  removed  one  farther 
from , the  other  nearer  to  the  Center.  By  the  BeV. 
T.  J.  Defaguliers,  L.  L.  B.  & F.  Be  S. 

Propolition. 

IF  the  two  Weights  P,W,  in  Fig.  3.  hang  at  the  Ends 
of  the  Balance  A B,  whofe  Center  of  Motion  is  C ; 
thofe  Weights  will  aftagainft  each  other  (becaufe  their 
Directions  are  contrary)  with  Forces  made  up  of  the 
Quantity  of  Matter  in  each  multiplied  by  its  Velo- 
city j that  is,  by  the  Velocity  which  the  Motion  of 
the  Balance  turning  about  C will  give  to  the  Body 
fufpended.  Now  the  Velocity  of  an  heavy  Body  is 
its  perpendicular  Afcent  or  Defcent,  as  will  appear 

R by 


( 1 1 6 ) 

by  moving  the  Balance  into  the  Pofition  a b ; which 
fhews  the  Velocity  of  P to  be  the  perpendicular  Line 
e a,  and  the  Velocity  of  B will  be  the  perpendicular 
Line  bg:  For  if  the  Weights  P and  W are  equal, 
and  alfo  the  Lines  e a and  b g,  their  Momenta  made 
up  of  e a multiplied  into  W,  and  multiplied  into 
P,  will  be  equal,  as  will  appear  by  their  deftroying 
one  another  in  making  an  jEquilibrium.  But  if  the 
Body  W was  removed  to  M,  and  fufpended  at  the 
Point  D,  then  its  Velocity  being  only/ d,  it  would 
be  over-balanc’d  by  the  Body  P j becaufe/i  multi- 
plied into  M,  would  produce  a lefs  Momentum  than 
P multiplied  into  b g. 

As  the  Arcs  A a,B  b,  and  D d defcribed  by  the  Ends 
ofthe  Balance  orPointsof  Sufpenfion  are  proportionable 
to  their  Sines  e a%  g b,  and  d fy  as  alfo  the  Radii  or 
Diftances  C A,  C B,  and  C D ; in  the  Cafe  of  this 
common  fort  of  Balance,  the  Arcs  defcribed  by  the 
Weights,  or  their  Points  of  Sufpenlion,  or  the  Di- 
ftances from  the  Center  may  be  taken  for  the  Veloci- 
ties of  the  Weights  hanging  at  A,  B,  or  D ; and  there- 
fore the  afting  Force  of  the  Weights  will  be  recipro- 
cally as  their  Diftances  from  the  Center. 

Scholium. 

The  Diftances  from  the  Center  are  taken  here 
for  theVelocities  of  the  Bodies,  only  becaufe  they  are 
proportional  to  the  Lines  e a,  b g,.  and/ d,  which  are 
the  true  Velocities.  For  there  are  a great  many  Cafes 
wherein  the  Velocities  are  neither  proportionable  to 
the  Diftances  from  the  Center  of  Motion  of  a Machine, 

nor- 


( '*7  ) 

nor  to  the  Aris  defcribed  by  the  Weights  or  their 
Points  of  Sufpenfion.  Therefore  it  is  not  a general 
Rule,  that  Weights  aB  in  Proportion  to  their  Di- 
Jlances  from  the  Center  of  Motion  ; but  a Corollary 
of  the  general  Rule,  that  Weights  aB  in  Proportion 
to  their  true  Velocities , which  is  only  true  in  fome 
Cafes.  Therefore  we  mull  not  take  this  Cafe  as  a 
Principle,  which  moll  Workmen  do,  and  all  thofe 
People  which  make  Attempts  to  find  the  perpetual 
Motion , as  I have  more  amply  {hewn  in  the  Philofo • 
phical  franfaBion,  N°  369. 

But  to  make  this  evident  even  in  the  Balance,  we 
need  only  take  Notice  of  the  following  Experiment, 
Fig.  i.  ACB  EKD  is  a Balance  in  the  Form  of  a 
Parallelogram  palling  thro’  a Slit  in  the  upright  Piece 
N O Handing  on  the  Pedeftal  M,  fo  as  to  be  movable 
upon  the  Center  Pins  C and  K.  To  the  upright  Pieces 
A D and  BE  of  this  Balance  are  fix’d  at  right  Angles, 
the  horizontal  Pieces  F G and  H I.  That  the  equal 
Weights  P,  W,  muft  keep  each  other  in  ^Equilibria , 
is  evident  \ but  it  does  not  at  firft  appear  fo  plainly, 
that  if  W be  removed  to  V,  being  fufpended  at  6 , yet 
it  lhall  Hill  keep  P in  ^Equilibria ; tho’  the  Experi- 
ment fhews  it.  Nay,  if  W be  fucceflively  moved  to 
any  of -the  Points  1,  1,  3,  E,  4,  f,  or  6,  the  VEqui- 
librium  will  be  continued ; or  if,  W hanging  at-  any 
of  thofe  Points,  P be  fucceflively  mov’d  to  D or  any 
of  the  Points  of  Sufpenfion  on  the  crofs  Piece  F G, 
P will  at  any  of  thofe  Places  make  an  VEqulibrium 
with  W„  Now  when  the  Weights  are  at  P and  V, 
if  the  lead  Weight  that  is  capable  to  overcome  the 
Friction  at  the  Points  of  Sufpenfion,  C and  K be  ad- 

R % ded 


( 1 18  ) 

ded  to  V,  as  u, the  Weight  V will  overpower,  and  that 
as  much  at  V as  if  it  was  at  W. 

From  what  we  have  faid  above,  the  Reafon  of  this 
Experiment  will  be  very  plain. 

As  the  Lines  A C and  K D,  C B and  K E al  ways 
continue  of  the  fame  Length  in  any  Pofition  of  the 
Machine,  the  Pieces  A D and  B E will  always  con- 
tinue parallel  to  one  another,  and  perpendicular  to 
the  Horizon : However,  the  whole  Machine  turns  up* 
on  the  Points  C and  K j as  appears  by  bringing  the 
Balance  to  any  other  Petition,  as  a b e d : And  there- 
fore as  the  Weights  applied  to  any  Part  of  the  Pieces 
F G and  H I can  only  bring  down  the  Pieces  A D 
and  B E perpendicularly,  in  the  fame  Manners  as  if 
they  were  applied  to  the  Hooks  D and  E,  or  to  Xand 
Y,  the  Centers  of  Gravity  of  A D and  B E j(  the 
Force  of  the  Weights  (if  their  Quantity  of  Matter  is 
equal)  will  be  equal  j becaufe  their  Velocities  will  be 
their  perpendicular  Afcent  or  Defcent,  which  will  al- 
ways be  as  the  equal  Lines  4 l and  4 L,  whatever 
Part  of  the  Pieces  F G and  H I the  Weights  are  ap- 
plied to.  But  if  to  the  Weight  at  V be  added  the  lit- 
tle Weight  u,  thofe  two  Weights  will  overpower,  be- 
caufe in  this  Cafe  the  Momentum  is  made  up  of  the 
Sum  of  V and  u multiplied  by  the  common  Velocity 
4 L. 

Hence  follows,  that  it  is  not  the  Diftance  c 6 mul- 
tiplied into  the  Weight  V,  which  makes  its  Momen- 
tumj but  its  perpendicular  Velocity  L 4 multiplied 
into  its  Mafs  CL  E.  D. 

This  is  ftili  further  evident-,  by  taking  out  the  Pin 
at  Kj  for  then  the  Weight  P will  overbalance  the 

other 


( >*?  ) 


other  Weight  at  V,  becaufe  then  their  perpendicular 
Afcent  or  Defcent  will  not  be  equal. 


VI.  Ve  Ingenti  Sanguinis  Vomitu  perqudm  geli- 
brumali  tempore  Potionibu scurato,  0b~ 
ferVatio  ad  (Regiam  Scientiarum  Londmenjm  So  - 
cietatem  d Petro  Antonio  Michelotto  M.  V* 
S.  S.  tranfmiffa. 

UUM  Patritius  Juvenis  Praflantiffimus  Ludo- 


vicus  MafFetti,  rure,  ubi  venatione,  5c  perequi- 


tando  fe  vehementer  exercuerat,  in  urbem  reverfus 
Sanguinem  Dtcimo  Calendasjanuarias  cioocc  xxviii. 
ad  uncias  quinque,  fexve  matutinis  temporibus  votne- 
ret,  hujufceraodi  curationem  inftitui.  Primuin,  quod 
Cruoris  in  Arterias,  Venafque  vim,  eas  diftendere 
continenter  nitentem  infigniter,  5c  praecipue  ex  fuper- 
fluente  Sanguinese  materiae  copia  adauftam  animadver- 
terem ; minimeque  ignorarem  ipfum  Nobiliffimum 
Juvenem  laborare  fcyrrhofo  lienis  tumore,  ob  quem, 
5c  Sanguinem  wel  hos  ante  quatuor  annos  evomuerat, 
5c  n3rium  copiofis  h^morrhagiis  a prima  ufque  ado. 
lefcentia  vere,  5c  autumno  quotannis  tentari  confue- 
verat ; qu^e,  pofteaquam  fortuitb  a luforibus  fol’lis  ca- 
piti  impa&us  fuerat,  fere  ex  toto  defecerant^  quod 
hsec,  inquam,  minime  ignorarem,  ad  uncias  circiter 
o£to  ex  hasmorrhoidibus  Sanguinem  per  hirudines  pro- 
tinus  mitti,  ejus  copis  demenda?,  atque  a liene,  5c 
ventriculo  avertendae  caufa  praocepi ; turn  aquam  ex 


( IJ°  ) 

plantaginis  fucco,  corallato  nitro  bene  faturam  cyathi 
inenfura  faspius  eo  die  forbendam  praebui  ad  Sanguinis 
fervorem  compefcendum.  Sanguineo  verb  vomitu  circa 
fecundam  nodis  vigiliam  vehementius  urgente,  fub 
eoque,  Sanguine  maximo  impetu  copiofiflime  ad  os 
ruente,  aquam  ex  la&ucse  fucco,  cydomati  J.  B.  Hel- 
montii  Laudani  guttis  duodecim,  unciarum  quatuor 
pondo  commiftam  confetti  m potui  dedi,  Sc  Cruoris  po- 
tiflimum  velocitatis  minuendae,  & fomni  acccerfendi 
ergo:  quod  medicamentum,  quum  jEger,  Sanguine 
ex  ventriculo  tertium,  quartutnque  ingenticopia  erun> 
pente,  rejiceret,  ad  catapotia  ex  perfici  philonii  fcru- 
pulis  fex,  ex  aqua  fucci  Sanguinalis  herbae  devoranda 
decurri.  Sub  idem  tempus  gelidatn  aquam  frigido  ace- 
to  permiftam  ore  contineri,  fpongiamque  perfrigido 
aceto  bene  imbutam  epigaftricae  regioni  admoveri 
jufli,  ad  fanguifera  ftomachi  vafa,five  exefa,live  rupta, 
live  quocunque  modo  patefada  conftringenda:  quern 
in  finem,  quandoquidem  idem  cruentus  Vomitus  quin- 
turn,  fextumque  revertebatur,  atque  ./Eger  exanimari 
videbatur,  non  modo  ad  confedionem  ex  contufis  aibi 
papaveris,  <3e  hyofciami  feminibus  rofaceo  faccharo, 
armonia  bolo,  ac  lapide  haematite  adje£fe,  femicoch- 
learii  pondere  devorandam  decurrebam  ; fed  ad  confo- 
lidantia  quoque  catapotia,  quae  fub  Autore  Helvetia 
Patre  feruntur,  quorum  terni  fcrupuli  quarta  quoque 
hora  alfumebantur  ex  aqua  modo  commemorata,  in 
qua  modica  pollinis  ex  margaritis,  & rubris  coralliis 
in  calcem  redadis,  itemque  ex  magijlerio  (ut  Chy- 
mici  loquuntur)  oculorum  cancrorum  portio  foluta  erat« 
Per  haec  auxilia  confecutus  fum*  ut  Sanguis  per  ali* 
quo't  horas  conquieverit* 


A 


( M*  ) 

A Sanguinis  per  fe£tas  Venas  detraQdone  ea  node 
abftinui : primum,  quod  Sanguinem  ad  libras  duo- 
decim,  <3C  amplius  duarum  circiter  horarum  fpatio  ex 
ore  proceflifie,  jacentemque  ob  id,  in  conclavi  frigido, 
paucis  veftimentis  corpori  injeftis  quietus  animo  dinqui 
perfpicerem  j turn,  quod  Cordis,  &C  Arteriarum  coa- 
gitatio,  <Sc  quod  confequebatur,  refidui  Cruoris  pau- 
ciffimi  velocitas  efiet  quam  maxima  ; inde,  quod  ad 
avertendum  tantas  fanguineas  materias  a ventriculo  cur- 
ium, exiguam  Sanguinis  emiflionem,  <$£  parvo  quidem 
tempore  duraturaro,  five  ex  parte  ab  ipfo  affe&o  ven- 
triculo minus  remota,  five  ex  Vena  quam  longiffime 
ab  eo  diftante  baud  fufficere,  exiftimarem  j poftea, 
quod,  vel  per  medicam,  hujufcemodi  rebus  circum- 
ftantibus.  Sanguinis  detraftionem,  fulphuratarum  fan- 
guineas  mafias  particularum  ad  coccineas  mafiulas  pasne 
ex  toto  deficientes  proportionem  jam  notabiliter  (uti 
ex  magna  fiti,  corporis  calore,  brachiorum,  & crurum 
ja&atione,  infignique  pulfus  frequentia  conjiciebam) 
increfcentem,  una  cum  Sanguinis  velocitate  cruentum 
Vomitum  rursus  excitare  valente  fummopere  adaugeri 
pofie,  providerem. 

Albente  cnelo,  Vomitu  denub  reverfo,  ad  Sangui- 
nem, qui  notabili  turn  quoque  copia  evomebatur,  fup- 
primendum,  frigidum  ex  urenti  urtica  Succum,  cui 
tofti  opii  grana  o£to  admifta  erant,  ad  uncias  quatuor 
potandum  obtuli  ; qui  quum  ex  toto  non  refponderet, 
ad  extremum  ratiocinando  conftitui,  6c  Sanguinis 
Duftus  in  ventriculi  cavum  pertinentes  ejus  aerem 
condenfando  comprimere,  Sc  Sanguinem  ab  iis  fup- 
portatum  reprimere  perquam  gelidiffimis  potionibus 
quia  verb  cujufquemodi  generis  cibos,  five  ex  con- 


( M O 

trito  pane,  five  ex  recentium  ovorum  viteilis,  in  gal- 
linaceorum  pullorum  jufculis,  folutis,  five  ex  ptifana 
hordeacea,  oryz^que  cremore,  iEger  morbo  fufus,  fto- 
macho  maximopere  languente  reddebat,  forbitiones 
virium  imbecillitati  fuccurretites,  neque  onerantes  de- 
iegi:  6c  primum  quidem  ex  ihioccolatte  j turn  ex 
vaccino  lafte,  SC  faccharo  ^ inde  ex  hoc,  cretnore 
ex  dulcibus  atnygdalis,  albique  papaveris  feminibus 
recens  expreffo:  cujufmodi  liquores  frigoribus  ex 
glacie  & nitro  conglaciati,  fcilicet  modo  unus,  modo 
alius  quinta,  fextave  quaque  bora  ad  uncias  circiter 
feptem  hauriebantur,  interpofitis  non  multis  quidem, 
fed  faepe  node,  ac  die  haud  leviter  fitienti  datis  ex 
frigida  Nucerina  aqua  potionibus.  Quae  curandi  via 
maxime,  quemadmodutn  ego  arbitror,  rationalis  iti i- 
rifice  quum  conferred  in  ea  perftiti  fere  ufque  ad  Fe* 
bruarii  menfis  proxime  infequentis  initium ; quo  tem- 
pore vidum  primis  quidem  diebus  ex  decoda  in  gal- 
linaceo  jufculo  oryza,  confcilfove  triticeo  pane,  eodem 
jufculo,  bene  madente,  aut  recenti  ovo  in  fequenti- 
bus  verb  diebus  ex  carnibus  quoque,  modo  gallina- 
ceis,  modo  vitulinis,  &C  interdum  ex  avibus  im- 
peravi : prsetereaque  ad  imbecillem  ftomachum  eon- 
firmandum  praefcripfi  tindurae  ex  abfinthio  fine  vini 
fpiritu  extradae  guttas  circiter  fexaginta  quotidie  pau- 
lo  ante  prandium  ex  pimpinellae  herbae  aquae  cochle- 
ario  fumendas. 

Praetereo,  me  tertio,  quartove  morbi  die  vaccinum 
lac,  butyro,  ovi  vitello,  ac  rubro  faccharo  admiftis  in 
ultima  inteftina  per  clyfteres  infundi,  curaffe  ad  atrutn 
fanguinem  ex  ventriculo  ad  inferiores  partes  defluen- 
tem  educendum:  quern  propterea  quod  crafli  ex  fuli- 

gine 


( »n  ) 

gine  pulveris  formam  habere,  animadverterem  ; a 
medicamentis  ad  Cruoris  in  yentriculi  caveam  effufi 
concretionem  prohibendam,  tollendamve,  in  quo- 
cunque  Vomitu  Sanguinis  ab  aiiis  medicis  prsefcribi 
folitis  abftinere,  facius  duxi,  quam  iis  propinatis,  ad 
efFedum  a curacione  per  gelidiftimas  potiones  jam 
profpere  inceptum  perficiendum  vires  adhibere  videri, 
ej Dimodi  quamfrigidiflimarum  Cruorem  cogentium 
forbitionum  viribus  plane  atqoe  omnino  contrarias. 

Atque  hac  quidem  ratione  medendi  fplendidifh- 
mum  iEgrotantem  ad  defperationem  redadum  ex  gra- 
viffima,  & periculofiffima,  de  qua  hadenus  retuli,  va- 
letudine,  Oculatiffimis,  Clariffimifque  Urbis  Medicis, 
B.  Zendrino,  5c  Jo.D.  Santorino  mihi  teftibus  liberavi : 
cui,  neineundem  morbutn  deinceps  relabatur, Sangui- 
nis uncias  feptem  odove,  tertio  quartove  quoque 
menfe  mitti  jubeo,  plerumque  ex  brachiis,  interdum 
ex  hsemorrhoidibus.  Iftiufmodi  autem  prcefidii  ge- 
nere  ad  Sanguinis  profufionem  prohibendam  utendi, 
caufa  hxc  eft.  Splenis  fcirrho  fupra  commemorate, 
Sanguinei  ad  eum  attinentes  Dudus  magnopere  ob- 
ftrudi  earn  Sanguinis  copiam,  cui  continendse  apti 
creati  funt,  profedo  capere  nequeunt ; reiiqui  igitur 
corporis,  &C  quod  conFequitur,  eo  magis  ventricuil 
ipfi  lieni  propinqui  canales  Saoguinem  ducences, 
quantitatem  ejus  naturali  majorem  contineanr,  ne- 
cefle  eft  : hique  proprerea  fic  extrorfum  trudi,  ac  di- 
[atari  poterunt,  ut  Sanguini  continenter  ex  ipfis  ma- 
nare  conanti  patefiant  ; ficuti  plerumque  contingit 
in  maribus,  foeminifque,  quibus  Sanguinis  Iputa,  vo- 
mitus,  aut  ejus  ex  naribus  profluvia  propter  infignes 
yaforum  vel  infimi  ventris  obftrudiones  fiunt.  Sed 

S in 


C M4  T 

in  lienojis  prafertim  copiofas , &■  immodicas  San* 
gninis  fufqne , rejeEt  'tones  vidiffe  fe  narrat  Jo. 

Riolanus;  hiftoriafque  ex  Hippocrate,  & Valverda 
afFert  eorum,  qui  Sanguinis  Vomitu  ex  turgente  fple- 
ne  interiere.  Id  ergo  malum  ne  accideret,  praeca- 
vendum  mihi  exiftimabam  repetita  Sanguine#  ma- 
ted# detradione,  Et  quoniam  Sanguinis  in  fuos 
Dudus  impetus  velocitatis  quoque  incremento  augeri 
poteft;  ob  hoc,  & aqu#  frigid#  potum  vini  loco,  Sc 
abftinentiam  a venatione,  curfb,  aliifque  ejufcemodi 
Cruoris  motum  vehementer  accelerare  potentibus  im- 
peravi,  & eventu  fane  ad  ultimum  ufque  imeniem  An- 
11  i cididccxxx.  profperrimo. 

Nam  eo  anno  poftridie  Calendas  Decembres  in  e- 
undem  Illuftriffimus,  atque  Excellentiiltmus,  de  quo 
retuli,  Patritius  Sanguinis  Vomitum  nodu  relabitur. 
Ad  eum  vifendum  protinus  accitus^  quandoquidem 
libram  unam  tantuinmodo,  alteramve  Sanguinis  evo- 
muerat,  & plenitudinem  boni  adeffe  Cruoris  vide-* 
bam  : quanquam  cruenta  Vomitio  continuabat,  & 
Arteri#  fub  ea  penfe  ex  toto  fubmittebant  fefe  ; ni- 
hilominus  tamen  Sanguinis  un<:ias  circiter  decern,  ad 
eum  & ventriculi  fanguiferis  vafis  avertendum  ex  vena 
in  l#vo  brachio  feda,  nulla  interpofita  mora,  mitt i 
jubeo;  inde  liquidi  Helmontii  Laudani  guttas  quin- 
decim,  ododecimve  ex  pimpinell#  minoris  aqu#  un* 
ciis  quatuor  fumendas  pr#fcribo  ; atque  hujufmodi 
remedium  fomni  inducendi,  & cruoris  velocitatis  re- 
tardand#  caufa  in  ufum  vocatum,  ter,  quaterve,  quod 
Sanguinis  Vomitu  redeunte  rejicicbatur,  ea  node  ad 
propofitum  mihi  finem  confequendum  repetere  coac- 
tus  fum. 


Vomitus- 


( 135  > 

Vomitus  Vix  horas  duas  fub  hifce  auxiliis  conquf- 
evit : eo  aritem  femel,  iterumque  reverfo,  ex  hx~ 
morrhoidibus  quoque  Sanguinem  ad  uncias  circiter 
quatuor  educi  praecipio,  eoderaque  tempore  ad 
quamgelidiffimas,  .quae  alias  feliciffime  ceflerant,  op- 
timeque  nunc  refpondent  in  quadam  Virgine  profu- 
fiftimo  Cruoris  ex  uteri  vaforum  oppillationibus  Vo- 
mitu  fere  exinanita,  forbitiones  devenio  : & primum 
quidem  ad  Chioccolatte , turn  horis  circiter  quatuor 
exadtis  ad  alios  conglaciatos  liquores,  quos  Sorbetti 
ex  Spumiglia , & Tafipina,  yernacula  Lingua  hie 
appellant.  Ex  cujufmodi  artificial!  gelu  concretis 
liquidis,  nempe  modo  ex  uno,  modo  ex  altero  ad 
coercendum  Vomitum,  virefque  reficiendas  non  muL 
turn  quidem,  ne  ventriculum  morbo  folutum  onera- 
ret,  fed  faepe  iEger  ferme  exanimis  deguftabat.  Hu- 
jufmodi  per  fumme  gelidas  forbitiones  curandi  ratio- 
ne,  Cruoris  maxime  gaftricis  Arteriis  ac  Venis 
contend  mo  turn  valentiflime  refrenare  potente,  obti- 
nui,  ut  Vomitus  ad  infequentem  ufque  diem  quieve- 
rit ; in  quo  bis  reverfus,  iifdem  quamgelidiflimis 
potionibus  pertinaciter  tertia,  quartave  quaque  hora 
repetitis  iterum  compreflus  eft. 

Tertio  mali  die,  Sanguinem  quidem,  at  non  in 
multa  copia,  Nobiliffimo  JEgrotanti  denub  circa  vet 
peram  vomenti  catapotia  auri  bradreis  obvoluta,  ad 
accerfendum  Somnum,  & ad  Cordis  atque  arteriarum 
coagitationes  praeternaturales  compefcendas,  devo* 
randa  ex  aquae  tormentillae  herbae  fucc*  unciis  tribus 
dedi,  quae  recipiebant  perfici  philonii  grana  triginta, 
tofti  opii  femifcrupulum.  Hasc  autem  adeo  refpon- 
derunt,  ut,  & Vomitus  protinus  fedatus  fit,  & lon- 

S z giufculus 


V 


( \\6  ) 

giufculus  fomnus  nodu  accefTerit.  Dum  hxc  ad- 
veriiis  Sanguinis  Vomitionem  gerebantur,  alvus  Jade, 
butyro,  faccharo,  ac  ovi  vitellis  commiftis,  §C  in  in- 
feriores  partes  infufis,  fecundo,  remove  die  ad  nigrum 
Sanguinem  ex  ventriculo  ad  inteftina  fub  bilis  atrae 
fpecie  jam  quoque  delapfum  evaciiandum  ducebatur; 
aquaque  prxterea  ex  millefolii  fucco,  in  qua  eoto- 
neum  malum  parumper  ebullierar,  glacie  gelidiflima 
reddira  ad  ftomachum  aeftu  fuo  languidum  erigendum, 
ad  Dudus  Sanguinem  in  eum  imporrantes  confir- 
mandos,  & ad  fitim,  quae  die  tertio  urgere  coepif, 
moderandam  fxpius  die,  ac  node,  parce  tamen,  ne 
Stomachus  ipfe  tunc  multum  admodum  infirmus  ad 
refiftendum  obrueretur,  potui  dabatur. 

Dies  duodecim  frigidiffimam  hanc,  tenuiffimamque 
vidus  rationem,  fub  qua  flatus  quampiurimi  per  in- 
feriora  maximo  cum  crepitu  defcendebant5  fatis  fe- 
liciter  adhibui : poft  quod  tempus,  quum  de  ventri- 
culi  diflendente  dolore  iBgrotus  (quod  prxmemo- 
rata  glaciali  aqua  ad  depellendam,  qua  continuo  ar- 
debat,  fitim  abufus  effet)  gravifiime  quereretur,  illam 
dimifi  ; atque  in  ipfius  locum  fubftitui  vidum  paulo 
pleniorem  ex  calidis  gallinaceorum  pullorum  jufculis, 
in  quibus  recentis  ovi  vitellus  cum  permodica  fucci 
ex  limonio  malo  portione  folutus  erat.  Quae  jufcula 
bis  in  die  hauriebantur,  interpofita  fummis  matutinis 
temporibus  bene  calida  ex  Chioccolatte  forbitione, 
cui  frigidx  aqux  potio,  turn  ventricuii  refrigerandi, 
turn  importunae  fitis  elidendx  ergo  prxmittebatur. 
Adverfus  autem  iftiufmodi  permoleftam  ftomachi  di£ 
tentionem  prxter  calentes  forbitiones,  catapotia  quo- 
que mode  propofita  inordinatos  nervorum,  & ani- 

malium 


( M7  ) 

malium  Spirituum  motus  componendi  virtute  prae- 
dira  propinavi. 

Quartodecimo  die  do!or;  & tumor  pone  fmiftram 
aurem  ad  inferioris  mandibular  medium,  & amplius 
fefe  exporrigens,  pofteaquam  caput  proxime  antece- 
dentibus  diebus  leviter  doluerat,  extemplo  fuboritur; 
eodemque  tempore  febris,quae  alioqtii  continens  qui- 
dem,  fed  nequaquam  ingens  erat  cum  levi  Frigore,  <3c 
aiiqua  mentis  mrbatione  intenditur.  Contra  quem 
dolorem  calida,  humidaque  fomenta  ex  vaccini  ladtis* 
& aquas  fimplicis,  in  qrnbus  fambuci  flores  decodti 
erant,  partibus  equalibus,  Ipongiis  admotis  faepe  re- 
petenda  praefcribo  : per  quae  humoris  parotidatn  ef- 
ficientis  coitus  intra  odto  dies  fere  ex  toto  folutus 
eft.  Poft  quod  tempus  febricula  circa  nodtem  pau- 
lum  increfcens,  mane  fe  remittens  continuabat ; iEger 
fiti  non  adeo  cruciabatur,  frigidam  Nucerinam  aquam 
potabat ; interdiu  vigilabat,  nodtu  conquiefcebat  ; 
calidis,  quas  dixi,  forbitionibus  reficiebatur,  & in- 
terdum ptifana  quoque  ex  oryza  utebatur.  Natura 
vel  dum  bene  valebat  rudtuofus,  aliquando  conquere- 
batur  de  quibufdam  (ut  ipfe  aiebat)  acidis  ventricu- 
lum  irritantibus,  pituitae,  & nonnunquam  alimento- 
rumreje&ummoventibus:  adverlus  quae  abfinthii  tine- 
tura  femel  die  circa  meridiem,  ftepius  frigida  aqua  ex 
Nucerino  Fonte  hue  importata  haud  improfpere  pug- 
nabam  ; atque  interdum  remedio  perfici  philomi , 8c 
tofti  opii ; interdum  quamgelidiffima  ex  ladte,  & 
faccharo,  gelu  artificiose  concretis,  forbitione  ad 
crebrb  rudbmtem,  calidifque  fermentationibus  (quod 
ut  facile  credam,  haud  leves  funt  caufae)  commotum 

ftoma- 


( n*  ) 

ftomachum  componendum  profpero  fucceffu,  nodu 
utebar. 

Circa  diem  quadragefimum  aquoft  humoris  Vomi- 
tus  decedebat;  Arteriae  naturaliter  ordinatas  erant ; 
venter  quotidie  fatis ; copiofam  verb  urinam  vefica 
reddebat ; & vires,  ac  ciborum  appetentia  accede- 
bant  fie,  ut  valentiorem  cibum,  frigidum  videlicet  ex 
cervino  cornu,  & vitulinis  pedibus  gluten  Convale- 
fcenti  paulo  antequam  nutrientia  jufcula  fupra  com- 
memorata  forberet,  quotidie  ter  oporteret  offerre. 
Ab  ejufmodi  alimenti  genere  primum  ad  oryzam  in 
capi  jufculo  codiam,  & gallinacea  jecinora  elixa ; 
inde  ad  tenerarum  gallinarum,  vitulorum,  coturni- 
cumque  carnes  tranfiit : edulio  ex  vaccino  ladle,  re- 
centis  ovi  vitello,  <$C  tantilla  facchari  portione,  ad 
cochlearium  unum,  aut  alterum  commanducato,  alvi 
movendae  gratia.  Atque  in  praefentia  fanus  eft,  & 
benevalet.  D.  Venetiis  Quinto  Calendas  Februarias 

CIDIDCCXXXI. 

Animadverfio. 

Propofitum  Sanguinis  Vomitum  per  conglaciatas, 
quas  recenfui,  forbitiones  fupprimendi  rationem, 
quamfolidiftimis  ratiocinationibus  efle  innixam,  de- 
monftratu  haud  ita  difficile  eft.  Primum  namque  fan- 
guiferi  dudtus  Sanguinem  in  ventriculi  cavum,  five 
raptur&,  five  erofione,  five  raritudine  propriarum  tu- 
nicarum,  five  orum  fuorum  apertura  profundentes, 
glacialis  ejufmodi  congelatarum  celeriter  in  ventri- 
culum  defluentium  potionum  frigoris  vi,  nulla  re  in- 
terpofita  tadti,  quafique  perufti,  quam  citiflime,  va- 

lidiftimeque 


( M9  ) 

iidiflimeque  fieri  poteft,  corrugantur ; turn  Sanguis 
his  ipfis  Dudibus  contentus  vehementiffime  cogitur, 
atque  in  majores  canales  repellitur;  deinde  toto  cor- 
pore  ob  idem  gelidiffimum  frigus  inhorrefcente,  reli- 
quum  Sanguinis  in  fuis  motibus  lationis,  & agitatio- 
nis  mul turn  admodum  retardatur,  ac  proin  ejus  im- 
petus ex  Cordis,  & Arteriarum  pulfus  velocitate 
enafcens,  arterioforum,  venofommque  canalium  ex- 
tremis orificiis  parefaciendis  peropportunus  notabili- 
ter  imminuitur;  poftea  ilia;  ipfte  quamgelidiffimas 
potiones  ex  fatis  nutrientibus  maftulis  coagmentatae 
per  notiflima-s  chyli  vias  Sanguinis  aiveos  influences 
refidui  Cruoris  particular,  congregando  abfque  ullo 
impetu  reficiunt.  Quum  igitur,  quam  expono,  ad- 
versus  Sanguinis  Vomitum  pugnandi  ratio,  & ventri- 
culi  vomendi  conatus  cohibere,  8l  Sanguinem  fiftere 
pluribus  de  nominibus  valeat ; fubveniendique  infu- 
per,  et  prompte  quidem  imbeciliicati  iEgrotantis 
fufficienti  virtute  polleat : ecquis  Saniorum  faltem 
Medentium  jam  eft,  qui  earn  & maxime  rationalem, 
efficaciffimarum  in  Cruorem  vomeatibus  virium 
efle,  non  fateatur  ? 

Pulcherrimam  Aretsi  ex  Cappadocia  gr?eco-latinam 
editionem  Qxonia  ad  me  tranfmifTaminrpicienti  mihi. 
Sanguinis  Rejedionis  Curatio,  Acutorummorborum 
Libro  Secundo  ab  eo  propofita  fob  afpedum  venit. 
Quum  autem  banc  periegenm  ad  eufh  locum  deveni, 
ubi  prafentiorem  medicinam  in  iis , qua  bibunt ur,  & 
devorantur  ; ef Te,  ait , quorum  fpeciem  triplicem 
exifterefubjicit ; vel  ut  vafa  cogendo , compremendo - 
que  fluxionis  duEius  quafi  ligent ; vel  ut  effiuentem 
humor em  incrajfent 0 atque  congelent , quo  minus  ef~ 


( 14®  ) 


fundatur , quanquam  exitus  pateat ; vel  ut  vias 
exiccent , Sangumem  intra  fedem  antiquam  retinen - 
dfo,  projluvio  loci  exinaniti  mane  ant  ^ & in  earn 
partem  exundent , fabta  eji  ejfujio . 

Miles  ille  in  Gracorum  Veterum  Medica  Difci- 
plina  gloriarum  pleniffimus,  qui  cujufdam  Georgii 
Schmidt  Corcyra  Nigra  ftdti  Medici  cognomine 
Perfonatus,  clamofo  libello  ran^  ad  inftar  clamitans 
ranunculorum  vim  max  Imam  hos  ante  lex  annos  in 
me  commovit-  Miles,  inquam  ille  Gloriofus  (ut 
Plautina  phrali  dicam)  cujus  ego  legiones  difflavi  Sjpi- 
ritu , ex  hiice  Aretxi  verbis  : cogendo , comprimendo  ; 
quafi  ligent,  atque  conge  lent : colligi  polfe,  quod 
Sanguinis  Vomitum,  cujus  Hiftoriam  cum  Medica 
Republica  communico,  curandi  methodus  lola  rati- 
one  hoc  in  cafu  a meinventafin  ejufdem  Cappadocias 
Medicorum  Principis  Be  Curatione  Sanguinis  Rejec- 
tionis  Capite  contineatur,  procul  dubio  di&itabit. 
Verum  enimvero,  id  a veritate  omniDo  abhorrere, 
evidentiffimum  fiet,  remedia,  quae  valida , 8c  ad  con- 
cretionem  efficacia  idemmet  vocat  Aretasus,  perpen- 
denti.  Non  enim  glaciem,  nivem,autquos.  ego  adhibui, 
conglaciatos  liquores  ad  vaforum  compreffionem,  & 
Sanguinis,  quam  caeteroqui  neceflariam  cognofcis, 
concretionem  inducendam  proponit ; fed  fimplicem 
pofcam  ; plant  aginis,  vu<e  acerb fanguinalis  her - 
bee,  feridis  ,coriandrive  cum  aceto  fuccum  ; aridam 
acaciam\  leporis , hinnuli , aut  heedi  coagulum  ; 
t err  am  Samiam,  Etreriam , figillatamqueLemniam ; 
cor  allium,  fapam  Creticam , paftillos  ex  JEgyptia 
Spina , atque  hujus  generis  alia  multa,  quae  hie  re- 
ferre  piget.  Quod  ad  alimenta  attinet : ea  adftrin- 


gentia 


(141  ) 

gentia  quidem,  & facilitate  refrigerantia,  vel  tacSu 
frigida  effe  deberc,  fcribit : at  verb  mentionem.  tan* 
tummodo  injicit  elota  alica^  oryza  in  pofca , pal 
mularum  deco£fiy  tofli  panis  ficci,contu]i  in  farina; 
fpeciem  cribro  trajefti : ex  quibus  Sorbitiones  cum 
oleo  ( cut  thymbra  infpergi  poteji  fale  condita , cum 
rhoe)  faciendas  effey  pracipit . Si  ex  profujione 

mors  timeri  pojfit : injucunda  etiam , & concoBu 
difficilia  ejfe  prabenda , ex  galla  arida  contrita  len- 
ti  Jiccar  frigidaque  infperfar  at que  ova  inter  co - 
quendum  crajfa  effeEla , tradit.  Atque  his  utendum 
efle  inculcat,  fi  adflringere * & refrigerare  in  animo 
habeamus.  Sanguinem  autem,  & fpiritum  incraf 
fantia  auxilia  recenfens  : ad  hoc  pradtandum,  Sor- 
bitiones ex  laEle^  amylo  ; aut  ex  alica  moda  cum 
amyloy  moda  cum  laEle ; alicamque  praterea.  cum 
palmidis  coSlam , & ad  conjijientiam  optime  perdue- 
tarn  cum  amylo , vel  laEle^  vel  fame  Thyrreno  ^ item- 
que  milium  cum  laEle , atque  horum  fimilia.  maxime 
valere,  perhibet. 

Ut  itaque  leniori  epilogo  Militi  noffro  Gloriofiffi- 
mo  iatisfaciamus : qnum  Aretaei  neque  alimenta,  ne~ 
que  medicamenta  adversus  Sanguinis  vel  a liene  pro- 
fufiones ; conglaciararum,  quas  Indy  to  meo  Af  gro- 
tanti  cum  rejedtus  Sanguinis  fupprimendi,  turn  viri- 
um  leviffimo,  gratiilimoque  cibi  genere  luftinenda- 
rum  caufa  ded?>  forbitionum  virtutibus  aequales 
fimilefve  obtineant  facilitates ; hseque  ab  illis  pluri- 
mum  differant : nemo  deinceps  fufpicari  poterir, 
meam,ante  recenfitum  Sanguinis  V'omitum,.  per  quam, 
gelidiffimas,  fiimmis  frigoribus,  propinatas  potiones 
edomandi,  comprimendique  methodum  ab  Aretad 
fontibus  emanalteo  Si  in  fupra  ailegatis  Arcnei  ver~ 

T bis 


( *42  ) 

bis  earn,  de  qua  difputatur,  curandi  viam  reapfe  fubeffe, 
idem  Philogneculus  Miles,  ad  Graiorum  Medicae  Artis 
principum  (quos  fuperum  confiliis  inftruftos  credit) 
fcripta,  tanquam  ad  Sibyllinos  libros  adhasrefcens  no- 
vilfet:  earn  profeflo,  quatuor  circiter  abhinc  anni?, 
nimiriim  diim  Patritio  noftro  Sanguinem  copiofiffi- 
me  primum  Evomenti  una  cum  aliis  Medicis  aflide- 
ret,  adhibuiiTet.  At  fub  ejus  curandi  forma  per  larga?, 
repetitafque  Sanguinis  detra&iones.,  & medicamenta 
nitrum  recipientia  ex  Clariflimo  Georg.  Stahlio  ex- 
cerpta  ALger  iongo  vitas  curriculo  Digniffimus  moriturus 
eflet : mea  autem  opera  a mortis  limine  revocatus  eft. 
Sed  Philogasculum  dimittamus  : ad  glaciali  frigore  cu- 
randi rationem  revertamur. 

Viri  Eruditiflimi  Thorns  Bartholini  de  Nivis  ufu 
Medico  libeilum  nuperrimis  diebus  quum  evolverem, 
inveni  non  Abenfinam  modb  potionem  nive  refrige- 
ratam  in  calidis  ventriculi  paflionibus  imperare,  fed  Sc 
Galenum.  Hie,  eodem  referente  Bartholino,  Senecam, 
Joint um  & ajlu  fuo  langmdum  Jlomachim perurente 
frigore  erigendum  eJJ'e\  in  Naturalibus  quasftionibus 
feribentem  fortaife  lecutus  : in  ventriculo  curando  re- 
frigerationem  fibi  proponit  per  aquam,  cibos,  fruftus 
nive  refrigerator  * Vidijli^  iniquity  & tuquojdam  uno 
diesel  potius  hora , frigidapotione  levatos%r  quorum 
al'fis  non  aquam  modo  dedi  fontanam  recent  em, Jed 
etiam  qua  nive  eJJ'et  refrigerata , veluti  Roma pra - 
par  are  Jolent : cibos  prater ea  ad  eundem  modum  re - 
frigeratos  identidem  me  illis  permittere  vidijti : 
iijdem  dediy  & ptifanam  probe  cotdam pari  rat  tone 
refrigerat am,  aliaque  id  genus  fexcenta . 

* Lib.  v;i . Met.  Med . Cap.  iv. 


Praeter 


( *43  ) 

_ Prater  Abenfipam,  6c  Galenum,  Rhafcin  quoque 
Zacutum,  Amatumque  Lufitanos,  Lud.  Septalium, 
Laz.  Riverium,  atque  alios,  qui  ad  percalidum  ventri- 
culum  multum  infrigidandum,  colicofque  ex  calidis,  ac 
biliofis  humoribus  coortos  dolores  depellendos  cibo,  6c 
potu  gelido,  6c  frigida  aqua  in  linteolis  ventri  impo- 
fita  ufi  funr,  adducit  idem  Bartholinus : qui  autern 
Sanguinis  rejeftiones,  effiuentiafve  ex  quacunque  cor- 
poris noftri  parte,  potionibus  nive,  vel  glacie,  quam 
frigidiflimis  redditis  ; aut  alias  generis  gelidifiimis  forbi- 
tionibus  curarint,  profert  neminem.  Quod  ad  me  at- 
tinet:  conglaciatos  ex  melonum  feminura  cremore,  6c 
modico  Saccharo  liquores  parca  manu  circa  primum  ve- 
{perum  oblatos  fatis  fasliciter  hifce  frigidiflimis  diebus 
expertus  fum  in  juvenilis  astatis,  6c  fervid^  temperiei 
Moniali  ex  PatritiaEricciorum  Familia  quamfplendidif- 
fima  ; qu^e  ventriculi  nervorum  fpafmo  ab  vehementi 
moeftitia  ortum  ducente,  kevumque  ej us  orificium  iti 
conftringente,  ut,  Sc  gravem,  fufpiriofamque  refpira- 
tionem  efflceret,  6c  cum  efculentorum,  turn  potulento- 
rum  vel  parciflime  affumptorum  defcenfum  pene  ex 
to'to  prohiberet,  graviter  vexabatur. 

Hippocrates,  quanquam  frigida , vehti  nivem , & 
gJaciem  Sanguinis  Erupt  i ones  indue  ere , feribit  A- 
phor.  Sed.  V.  Aph.  xxim.  nihilo  tamenfecius  Aphor. 
xxm.  afferit:  in  his  frigida  uti  oportere , undPfan - 
guts  erumpti , aut  erupt  urns  ef,  & quidem  circa  ip- 
fas  partes , unde  fluit . Memini,  me  fex  circiter  ab- 
hinc  annis,  Sanguinis  ingens  ex  utero  profluvium, 
communibus  medicamentis,  Sc  ne  perfrigida  quidem 
. aqua  quicquamproficientibus,promptiffimein  Meritif- 
fima  Matrona,  media  aeft ate  fuppreflifle,  perurente  gla- 
cie genibus>  6c  cruribus  fuper  impofita,  cruralibus, 

T z Sc 


{ 144  ) 

quod  confequitur,  iliacis,  aliifque  in  uterum  deft- 
nentibus  Arteriis,  ac  Venis  maximopere  coardatis, 
repreffoque  propterea,  ac  veluti  ab  confuetis  viis  inter- 
clufo  Sanguine. 

Verumtamen,  tametft  quamgelidiffimas,  quas  fsepi- 
us  commemoravi,  fortibiones  adverts  cujufquemodi 
profluvia  Sanguinis,  &C  maxime  ex  ventriculo,  ab  im- 
modico  Sanguinei  atnnis  fervore,  <$C  accelerato  motu 
enata,  aut  cum  his  conjunda,  <3c  in  juvenibus  potif- 
iimum,  quibus  cruor,  dc  ftomachus  ex  seftuat,  magno- 
pere  coliaudo : non  idco  tamen  fuadere  aufim,  utilise 
ipfas  conglaciatse  forbitiones  mulieribus  Sanguinem  ex 
partu  vomentibus,  aut  frigidis  ventriculi,  atque  in- 
teftinorum  fermentation ibus  obnoxiis  fine  ullo  difcri- 
mine  propinentur.  In  Sanguinis  ex  partu  vomitioni- 
bus : uti  neque  mult  a calida  aqua  lavarem^  neque 
tepefaffioria  (quemadmodum  Hippocrates  turn  in  libra 
de  Morbis  Muliebribus,  turn  in  eo,  quem  de  Natura 
Muliebri  infcripfit,  indifcriminatim  prsecipit)  tam  faci- 
le adhiberem : fie  afininum,  6e  vaccinum  lac  ab  eodem 
Hippocrate  iis  in  cafibus  praferiptum  haud  quaquam 
plane  damnarem.  Sanguinem,  inquam,  ex  lochio- 
rum  fupprefiione,  aut  imminutione  evomentibusj  pri- 
mum  venas  in  pedibus  fecari  ad  Sanguinem  a ventricu- 
lo revocandum ; turn  calidis  fomentis  ex  aqua,  & albo 
vino,*  in  quibus  emollientes,  aperientefque  herbas 
ebullierint,  hypogaftricam  regionem  frequentiflime  ft> 
veri,  cruraque,  & pedes  eodem  tempore  multa  calida 
aqua  lavari  juberem  ad  uteri  vafa  referanda  ; inde  ad 
lac,  humedandas  ftc  reficiend^e  fanguineas  maffse  caufa, 
tranfirem.  Sin  vero  mulierifanguinem  vomendo  rejici- 
enti  puerperii  purgationes  naturaliter  fluerent,  non  ca- 
lidis 


( ‘45  ) 

lidis  fotibus,  dc  lavacris,  fed  remediis  Sanguinis  impe« 
turn  fedantibus,  ejus  calorem  cogendo  moderantibus, 
confirmantibufque  vafa  ventriculi,  ad  lingulas  circum- 
ftantes  res  attente  refpiciendo,  cruentum  vomitum 
fupprimere  pertent arena.  Eo  autem  cotnprelTo  ad  lac- 
team  distam,  vel  hac  non  conferente,  ad  reficientes 
potiones  ex  Chioccolatte , nutrientibus  gallinaceorutn 
pullorum,  ranarum,  terreftriumve  teftudinum  jufculis, 
at-que  horum  (imilibus  devenirena. 


FI  N 1 S. 


LONDON:, 

Printed  for  W.  Inny s,  at  the  Weft-End  of  St. 
Paul's  ChurchWard , 


MDCCXXltl. 


- >. 


I 


Y^.w. 


- Jra/tti.-  /II  4zo. 


Numb.  4zo. 

PHILOSOPHICAL 

TRANSACTIONS 

For  the  Months  of  Align  ft  and  September  1731. 

The  CONTENT S. 

L The  Defer ipt ion  of  a new  Injirument  for  taking 
Angles.  By  John  Hadley,  Effo  Fice-Trejident 
5.  communicated  to  the  Society  on  May  1 5. 

173 1. 

II.  An  ExtraB  of  a Differtation  De  Stylis  Vete- 
rum,  & diverfis  Chartarum  generibus,  \_by 
the  Hon.  Sir  John  Clerk,  one  0}  the  Barons  of  the 
Exchequer  in  Scotland,  and  F.  $.]  By  Roger 
Gale,  Efq-y  Fce-Brefident  and  Treafurer  <!(.  S. 

III.  Some  Experiments  concerning  the  poifonous 
Quality  of  the  Simple  Water  diftilled  from  the. 
Lauro-cerasus,  or  common  Laurel, 
made  upon  Dogs , at  Toppingo-  Hall  in 
Effex,  Auguft  the  14th  1751.  and  others 
made  before  the  ROYAL  SOCIETY  in  their 
(fepofitory.  By  Cromwell  Mortimer,  M.  D. 
5^.  S.  Secret. 


IV.  A 


The  CONTENTS. 

IV.  A Continuation  of  an  Account  of  Mr.  Mirk 
Catesby’r  Effay  towards  a fflatural  Hiflory  of 
Carolina  and  the  Bahama  IJlands , with  fame 
Extracts  out  of  the  fourth  Set , by  Dr.  Morti- 
mer, 3^.  5.  Secret. 

V.  ObferVatio  Eclipfts  Solis  & 15  Julij  1730. 
habita  fPekini  in  publico  ejus  (Regia  ObferVatorw 
a P P.  Ignatio  Kegler,  Andrea  Pereyra 
Societatis  f ESU,  communicata  per  Jacobum 
de  Caftro  Sarmento,  M.  D.  Coll.  Med.Lond . 
Lie.  &<R.S.S. 

VI.  I Tart  of  a Letter  from  Tho.  Short,  M.  D. 
to  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  Dart.  <Pr.  <R.  S.  con- 
cerning an  extraordinary  Impofturaation  of  the 
Liver. 


XU  A J 

I.  the 

, \rx  Cv‘  , t 


( H7  ) 


I.  The  Defcription  of  a new  Injlrument  for  taking 
Angles.  <By  John  Hadley,  Efqy  Vtce-Tr. 
(f.  S.  communicated  to  the  Society  on  May  1 3 . 
173K 

THE  Inflrument  is  defign’d  to  be  of  Ufe,  where 
the  Motion  of  the  ObjeCts,  or  any  Circum- 
ftance  occafioning  an  Unfteadinefs  in  the  common  In- 
flruments,  renders  the  Obfervations  difficult  or  uncer- 
tain. 

The  Contrivance  of  it  is  founded  on  this  obvious 
Principle  in  Catoptricks : That  if  the  Rays-of  Light 
diverging  from,  or  converging  to  any  Point,  be  re- 
fiedled  by  a plane  polifh’d  Surface,  they  will,  after 
the  Reflection,  diverge  from,  or  converge  to  another 
Point  on  the  oppofite  Side  of  that  Surface,  at  the 
fame  Diftance  from  it  as  the  firfl ; and  that  a Line 
perpendicular  to  the  Surface  palling  through  one  of 
thofe  Points,  will  pafs  through  both.  Hence  it  fol- 
lows, that  if  the  Rays  of  Light  emitted  from  any 
Point  of  an  Objedt  be  fucceflively  reflected  from  two 
fuch  polifh’d  Surfaces  j that  then  a third  Plane,  per- 
pendicular to  them  both,  palling  through  the  emitting 
Point,  will  alfo  pafs  through  each  of  its  two  fuccefs- 
live  Images  made  by  the  Reflections:  All  three  Points 
will  be  at  equal  Diltances  from  the  common  Interfedtion 
of  the  three  Planes  5 and  if  two  Lines  be  drawn  thro* 
that  common  InterfeCtion,  one  from  the  original  Point 
in  the  Objedl,  the  other  from  that  Image  of  it  which 
is  made  by  the  fecond  Reflection  : they  will  compre- 

U hend 


( »4*  ) 

hend  an  Angle  double  to  that  of  the  Inclination  of 
the  two  polilh'd  Surfaces. 

Fig.  I.  Let  R F H and  R G I reprefent  the  Sec- 
tions of  the  Plane  of  the  Figure  by  the  polifh’d  Sur- 
faces of  the  two  Specula  BC  and  DE,  ere&ed  perpen- 
dicularly thereon,  meeting  in  R,  which  will  be  the 
Point  where  their  common  Se&ion,  perpendicular  like- 
wife  to  the  fame  Plane,  paffes  it,  and  H R 1 is  the  An- 
gle of  their  Inclination.  Let  A F be  a Ray  of  Light 
from  any  Point  of  an  ObjeQ:  A falling  on  the  Point  F 
of  the  firft  Speculum  B C,  and  thence  refle&ed  into 
the  Line  F G,  and  at  the  Point  G of  the  fecond  Spe- 
culum D E reflected  again  into  the  Line  G K,  pro- 
duce G F and  K G backwards  to  M and  N,  the  two 
fucceflive  Reprefentations  of  the  Point  A j and  draw 
R A,  R M,  and  R N«. 

Since  the  Point  A is  in  the  Plane  of  the  Scheme, 
the  Point  M will  be  fo  alfo  by  the  known  Laws  of 
Catoptricks.  The  Line  F M is  equal  to  F A,  and  the 
Angle  M F A double  the  Angle  H F A or  M F H ; 
consequently  RM  is  equal  to  RA,  and  the  Angle 
M R A double  the  Angle  H R A or  M R H.  In  the 
fame  manner  the  Point  N is  alfo  in  the  Plane  of  the 
Scheme,  the  Line  R N equal  to  R M,  and  the  Angle 
M RN  double  the  Angle  MR  I or  I R N : Subftraft 
the  Angle  M R A from  the  Angle  M R N,  and  the 
Angle  A R 1SI  remains  equal  to  double  the  Difference 
of  the  Angles  M R I and  M R H,  or  double  the  Angle 
H R I,  by  which  the  Surface  of  the  Speculum  D E is 
reclin’d  from  that  of  B C ; and  the  Lines  R A,  R M 
and  R N are  equal. 


Co- 


( «4 9 ) 

Corol.  i.  The  Image  N will  continue  in  the  fame 
Point ; altho’  the  two  Specula  be  turn’d  together  cir- 
cularly on  the  Axis  R,  fo  long  as  the  Point  A re- 
mains elevated  on  the  Surface  of  B C : provided  they 
retain  the  fame  Inclination. 

Corol.  z.  If  the  Eye  be  plac’d  at  L,  (the  Point 
where  the  Line  AF  continued  cuts  the  Line  G K 5) 
the  Points  A and  N will  appear  to  it  at  the  angular 
Diftance  A L N,  which  will  be  equal  to  A R N : 
For  the  Angle  ALN  is  the  Difference  of  the  Angles 
FGNandGFL;  and  FGN  is  double  FG  I ; and 
G F L double  G F R,  and  confequently  their  Difference 
double  FRG  or  H R I : Therefore  L is  in  the  Cir- 
cumference of  a Circle  paffing  through  A,  N,  and  R. 

Corol.  3.  If  the  Diftance  A R be  infinite,  thofe 
Points  A and  N will  appear  at  the  fame  angular  Di- 
ftance, in  whatever  Points  of  the  Scheme  the  Eye  and 
Specula  are  placed : Provided  the  Inclination  of  their 
Surfaces  remain  unaltered,  and  their  common  Section 
parallel  to  itfelf. 

Corol.  4.  All  the  Parts  of  any  Objects  will  ap- 
pear to  an  Eye  viewing  them  by  the  two  fucceffive 
Reflexions,  as  before  defcribed,  in  the  fame  Situation 
as  if  they  had  been  turn’d  together  circularly  round 
the  Axis  R,  keeping  their  refpedive  Diftances  from 
one  another,  and  the  Axis,  wkh  the  Direction  H I, 
i.  e.  the  fame  Way  the  fecond  Speculum  DE  reclines 
from  the  firft  B C. 

Corol.  5.  If  the  Specula  be  fuppos’d  to  be  at  the 
Center  of  an  infinite  Sphere  ; Objects  in  the  Circum- 
ference of  a great  Circle,  to  which  their  common  Sec- 
tion is  perpendicular,  will  appear  remov’d  by  the  two 

U z Reflexions, 


( 1 5°  ) 

Refiedion?,  through  an  Arch  of  that  Circle,  equal  to 
twice  the  Inclination  of  the  Specula,  as  is  before  faid. 
But  Objeds  at  a Diftance  from  that  Circle  will  appear 
removed  thro’  the  fimilar  Arch  of  a Parallel : There- 
fore the  Change  of  their  apparent  Place  will  be  mea- 
fured  by  an  Arch  of  a great  Circle,  whofe  Chord  is 
to  the  Chord  of  the  Arch  equal  to  double  the  Incli- 
nation of  the  Specula,  as  the  Sines  Complements  of 
their  refpeQrive  Diftances  from  that  Circle  are  to  the 
Radius:  And  if  thofe  Diftances  are  very  final!,  the 
Difference  between  the  apparent  Tranflation  of  any  one 
of  thefe  Objeds,  and  the  Tranflation  of  thofe  which 
are  in  the  Circumference  of  the  great  Circle  aforefaid,, 
will  be  to  an  Arch  equal  to  the  verfed  Sine  of  the 
Diftance  of  this  Object  from  that  Circle,  nearly  as 
double  the  Sine  of  the  Angle  of  Inclination  of  the 
Specula,  is  to  the  Sine  Complement  of  the  fa  tic. 

F i g.  II.  The  Inftrument  conlifts  of  an  Oftant 
ABC,  having  on  its  Limb  BC  an  Arch  of  45  Degrees, 
divided  into  90  Parts  or  half  Degrees  j each  of  which 
anfvvers  to  a whole  Degree  in  the  Obfervation.  It  has 
an  Index  M L moveable  round  the  Center,,  to  mark 
the  Divifions:  And  upon  this,  near  the  Center,  is  fix’d 
a plane  Speculum  E F perpendicular  to  the  Plane  of 
the  Inftrument,  and  making  fuch  an  Angle  with  a Line 
drawn  along  the  middle  of  the  Index,  as  will  be  moft 
convenient  for  the  particular  Ufes  the  Inftrument  is 
defigned  for:,  (for  an  Inftrument  made  according  to 
Fig.  2.  the  Angle  LMF  may  be  of  about  6y  Degrees.) 
IKGH  is  another  fmaller  plane  Speculum,  fix’d  on 
fuch  Part  of  the  Odant  as  will  likewife  be  determin’d 
by  its  particular  Ufe,  and  having  its  Surface  in  fuch 
Diredion,  that  when  the  Index  is  brought  to  mark 


( '5i  ) 

the  beginning  of  the  Divifions  (i.  e.  o°)  it  may  be 
exa&ly  parallel  to  that  of  the  other ; this  Speculum 
being  turned  towards  the  Obferver,  and  the  other  from 
him.  PR  is  a Telefcope  fix’d  on  one  Side  of  the 
Odant,  having  its  Axis  parallel  to  that  Side,  and  paf- 
fing  near  the  middle  of  one  of  the  Edges  I K or  I H of 
the  Speculum  I K G H j fo  that  half  its  Objed-Glafs 
may  receive  the  Rays  refleded  from  that  Speculum, 
and  the  other  half  remain  clear  to  receive  them  from 
a diftant  Objed.  The  two  Specula  muflalfo  be  dif. 
pos’d  in  fuch  manner,  that  a Ray  of  Light  coming 
from  a Point  near  the  middle  of  the  firft  Speculum, 
may  fall  on  the  middle  of  the  fecond  in  an  Angle  of 
70  Degrees  or  thereabouts,  and  be  thence  refleded  in- 
to a Line  parallel  to  the  Axis  of  the  Telefcope,  and 
that  a clear  Paffage  be  left  for  the  Rays  coming  from 
the  Objed  to  the  Speculum  E F bv  the  Side  H G. 
ST  is  a dark  Glafs  fix’d  in  a Frame,  which  turns  on 
the  Pin  V by  which  Means  it  may  be  plac’d  before 
the  Speculum  EF,  when  the  Light  of  one  of  the  Ob- 
jeds  is  too  ftrong : Of  thefe  there  may  be  feveral. 

Fig.  III.  In  the  diftind  Bafe  of  the  Telefcope, 
reprefented  by  the  Circle  abcdef. , are  placed  three 
Hairs,  two  of  which,  ac  and  b d,  are  at  equal  Dif. 
tances  ftotn,  and  parallel  to  the  Line  gh,  which 
paffes  through  the  Axis,  and  is  parallel  to  the  Plane 
of  the  Oftant:  The  third  f c is  perpendicular  to  g h 
through  the  Axis. 

The  Inftrumenr,  as  thus  defcribed,  will  ferve  to 
takeanyAngle  not  greater  than  90  Degrees ; but  if  it  be 
defign’d  for  Angles  from  90  to  180  Degrees,  the  polifh’d 
Surface  of  the  Speculum  E F (Fig.  z.)muft  be  turn’d 

towards 


Ci5*-y 

towards  the  Obferver ; the  fecond  IKG  H muft  be 
brought  forward  to  thePofition  N Ofo  as  to  receive  on 
its  Middle  the  Rays  of  Light  from  the  middle  of  the  firft 
in  an  Angle  of  about  15  Degrees,  their  Surfaces  being 
perpendicular  to  one  another  when  the  Index  is  brought 
to  the  End  of  the  divided  Arch  next  C ; and  this  fecond 
mull:  hand  five  or  fix  Inches  wide  of  the  firft,  that 
the  Head  of  the  Obferver  may  not  intercept  the  Rays 
in  their  Pailage  towards  it,  when  the  Angle  to  be  ob- 
ferv’dis  near  1800.  The  fmaller  Speculum  is  fix’d 
perpendicularly  on  a round  brafs  Plate,  tooth’d  on  the 
Edge  ^ and  may  be  adjufted  by  an  endlefs  Screw. 

In  order  to  make  an  Obfervation,  the  Axis  of  the  Te- 
lefcope  is  to  be  direded  towards  one  of  the  Objefts,  the 
Plane  of  the  Inftrument  palfing  as  near  as  may  be 
through  the  other,  which  rauft  lie  to  that  Hand  of 
the  Obferver,  as  the  particular  Form  of  the  Inftru- 
ment may  require  ; viz.  the  fame  Way  that  the  Spe- 
culum E F does  from  1KGH,  if  it  be  compofed  ac- 
cording to  this  Figure  and  Befcription.  The  Obfer- 
ver’s  Eye  being  applied  to  the  Telefcope,  fo  as  to  keep 
fight  of  the  firft  Object  \ the  Index  muft  be  moved 
backward  and  forward  till  the  fecond  Objeft  is  like- 
wife  brought  to  appear  through  the  Telefcope,  about 
the  fame  Diftance  from  the  Hair  ef  (Fig.  3.)  as  the 
firft : If  then  the  Objects  appear  wide  of  one  another, 
as  at  i and  k,  the  Inftrument  muft  be  turn’d  a little 
on  the  Axis  of  the  Telefcope,  till  they  come  even, 
or  very  nearly  fo,  and  the  Index  muft  be  remov’d  till 
they  unite  in  one,  or  appear  clofe  to  one  another  in  a 
Line  parallel  to  cf,  both  of  them  being  kept  as  near 
the  Line  g h as  they  can.  If  the  Inftrument  be  then 

turn’d 


I >W  ' . - 'll  / 

( ) 

turned  a little  on  any  Axis  perpendicular  to  its  Plane, 
the  two  Images  will  move  along  a Line  parallel  to 
g h , but  keep  the  fame  Pofition  in  refped  of  one  ano- 
ther ; fo  that  in  whatever  Part  of  that  Line  they  be 
obferved,  the  Accuracy  of  the  Obfervation  will  be  no 
otherwife  affe&ed  than  by  the  Indiftindnefs  of  the 
Objeds*  If  the  two  Objeds  be  not  in  the  Plane  of 
the  Inftrument,  but  equally  elevated  on,  or  deprefs’d 
below  it,  they  will  appear  together  at  a Diftance  from 
the  Lin t ghy  when  the  Index  marks  an  Angle  fome- 
thing  greater  than  their  neareft  Diftance  in  a great 
Circle : And  the  Error  of  the  Obfervation  will  in- 
creafe  nearly  in  Proportion  to  the  Square  of  their 
Diftance  from. that  Line;  but  may  be  corrected  by 
help  of  the  fifth  Corollary.  Suppofe  the  Hairs  a e and 
bd , each  at  a Diftance  from  the  Line  g h , equal  to 
4#£t  of  the  focal  Length  of  the  Object-Glafs,  fo  as 
to  comprehend  between  them  the  Image  of  an  Objeft, 
whofe  Breadth  to  the  naked  Eye  is  a little  more  than 
i ; and  let  the  Images  of  the  Objefts  appear  united 
at  either  of  thofe  Hairs : Then  as  the  Sine  Comple- 
ment of  half  the  Degrees  and  Minutes  mark’d  by  the 
Index,  is  to  the  doubled  Sine  of  the  fame  ; fo  is  one 
Minute  to  the  Error  w7hich  is  always  to  be  fubftrad- 
ed  from  the  Obfervation.  Other  Hairs  may  alfo  be 
plac’d  in  the  Area  abed  ej\  parallel  to  g h , and  at 
Diftances  from  it  proportional  to  the  fquare  Roots-  of 
the  Numbers  i,  2,  3,  4,  £fc,  and  then  the  Errors  to 
be  fubftrafted  from  the  fame  Obfervation  made  at 
each  of  thofe  Hairs  refpe&ively,  will  be  in  Propor- 
tion to  the  Numbers  1,  2,  3,  4,  &V.  This  Correc- 
tipn  will- always  be  exaft  enough  if  the  Obferver  take 

care. 


( 154  ) 

care  (efpccially  when  the  Angle  comes  near  iBo°)  to 
keep  the  Plane  of  the  Inftrument  from  varying  too 
much  from  the  great  Circle  paffing  thro9  the  Objefts. 

In  regard  to  the  Workmanftiip,  if  an  Exaftnefs  be 
required  in  the  Obfervations,  the  Arch  ought  to  be  di- 
vided with  the  greateft  Care  ^ becaufe  all  Errors  com- 
mitted in  the  Divifion  are  doubled  by  the  Reflections. 
The  Index  muft  have  a fteady  Motion  on  the  Cen- 
ter, fo  that  the  Axis  of  it  remain  always  perpendicular 
to  the  Plane  of  the  QCtant ; for  if  that  alter,  it  will 
be  liable  to  vary  the  Inclination  of  the  Speculum  it 
carries  to  the  other : The  Motion  muft  likewife  be 
eafy,  left  the  Index  be  fubje£fc  to  bend  edge- ways: 
For  the  fame  reafon  it  fhould  be  as  broad  at  that  End 
next  the  Center  as  conveniently  can  be.  The  Specula 
Ihould  have  their  Surfaces  of  a true  flat  j becaufe  a 
Curvature  in  either  of  them,  befide  rendering  the  Ob- 
ject indiftinct,  will  vary  its  Pofition,  when  feen  by 
Reflection  from  different  Parts  of  them:  They  muft 
alfo  be  of  a fufScient  Length  and  Breadth  for  the  Te- 
lefcope  to  take  in  a convenient  Angle  without  lofing 
the  Ufe  of  any  Part  of  the  Aperture  of  its  ObjeCt- 
Glafs,  and  that  in  all  the  different  Pofitions  of  the 
Index.  They  may  be  either  of  Metal  or  Glafs  Plates 
foil’d,  having  their  two  Surfaces  as  nearly  parallel  as 
they  can ; yet  a fmall  Deviation  may  be  allowed  , 
provided  either  their  thickeft  or  thinneft  Edges  (and 
confequently  the  common  SeClion  of  their  Surfaces) 
be  parallel  to  the  Plane  of  the  OEtant:  For  in  that 
Cafe,  though  there  arefeveral  Reprefentations  of  the 
ObjeCt,  they  will  be  always  very  near  one  another 
in  a Line  parallel  to  c j\  and  any  of  them  may  be 

ufed. 


( «55  ) 

ufed,  except  when  the  Angie  to  be  obferved  is  very 
fmall.  The  chief  Inconvenience  will  be,  that  a finall 
Star  will  be  more  difficultly  difcerned,  the  Light  be- 
ing divided  among  the  feveral  Images.  The  Teiefcope 
may  be  contrived  to  alter  its  Situation,  fo  as  to  re- 
ceive the  reflected  Rays  on  a greater  or  lefs  Part  of 
its  Objeft-Giafs,  if  the  Objefts  differ  in  Brightnefs. 
The  fecond  Speculum  may  have  a Part  unfoil’d,  that 
if  either  of  them  be  fufficiently  luminous,  the  lefs 
bright  may  be  feen  through  it  by  the  whole  Aperture. 
If  the  Sun  be  one  of  the  Objefts,  or  the  Moon  be 
compared  with  a fmaller  fix’d  Star ; their  reflected 
Images  muft  be  ftill  farther  weakened  by  the  Inter- 
polation of  one  or  more  of  the  dark  Glaffes  S T.  An 
exaft  Pofition  of  the  Teiefcope  is  not  necefiary;  and 
the  Inftrument  may  be  ufed  without  one,  the  Difpo- 
fition  of  the  Specula,  with  regard  to  the  Seftor  and 
Index,  being  fuch  as  may  allow  the  Eye  to  be  brought 
as  near  the  fecond  Speculum  as  may  be,  and  make  the 
Inftrument  the  moft  commodious  for  the  Obferver. 

It  will  be  eafy  to  judge,  that  fcarce  any  greater  De- 
gree of  Steadinefs  is  requifite  in  the  Pedeftal,  or  Ma- 
chine which  carries  this  Inftrument,  than  what  isfuf- 
ficient  for  the  Teiefcope  us’d  with  it : For  although 
the  vibrating  Motion  of  the  Inftrument  may  occafion 
the  Images  of  the  Objefts  alfo  to  vibrate  crofs  one 
another ; their  apparent  relative  Motion  will  be  very 
nearly  in  Lines  parallel  to  cf\  and  it  will  not  be  dif- 
ficult to  diftinguifh  whether  they  coincide  in  crofling 
one  another,  or  pafs  at  a Diftance:  And  if  the  Ob- 
jefts are  near  one  another,  and  the  Teiefcope  mag- 
nify but  about  four  or  five  Times,  it  may  be  held  in 

X the 


( ij6  ) 

the  Hand  without  any  {landing  Support.  In  this 
Manner  the  Altitude  of  the  Sun,  Moon,  or  fome  of 
the  brighter  Stars  from  the  vilible  Horizon  may  be 
taken  at  Sea,  when  it  is  not  too  rough. 

F i g.  IV.  {hews  an  fnftrumeht  defigned  for  this 
Purpofe ; differing  from  the  foregoing  Defcription 
chiefly  in  the  placing  the  Specula  and  Tele  {cope,, 
with  regard  to  the  Sedtor  and  Index ; it  has  alfo  a 
third  Speculum  N O difpos’d  according  to  the  Direc- 
tions when  the  Angle  is  greater  than  90  Deg.  whofe 
Ule  is' to  obferve  the  Sun’s  Altitude  by  Means  of  the 
oppofite  Part  of  the  Horizon.  In  placing  thefe  two 
fmaller  Specula,  it  will  be  farther  neceflary  to  take 
care  that  the  Speculum  IKGH  do  not  ftand  fo  as  to 
intercept  any  of  the  Rays  coming  from  the  greater 
one  fix’d  on  the  Index  to  the  third  N O,  nor  either 
of  them  hinder  the  Index  from  coming  Home  to  the- 
End  of  the  divided  Arch.  WQ.  is  a Director  for  the 
Sight-,  which  is  neceflary  when  the  Telefcope  is  not 
made  ufe  of.  This  confifts  of  a long  narrow  Piece, 
which  Aides  on  another  fix’d  on  the  back  of  the  Oc- 
tant, and  carries  at  each  End  a Sight  erected  perpen- 
dicularly on  it:  It  may  be  removed  at  Pleafure,  and 
exchanged  for  the  Telefcope,  which  Aides  on  in  the 
fame  manner,  both  ferving  indifferently  with  either 
of  the  two  fmaller  Specula.  The  Eye  is  to  be  plac’d 
clofe  behind  the  Sight  at  W ; and  the  Thread  ftretch’d 
acrofs  the  opening  of  the  other  Sight  at  Q.  perpendicu- 
lar to  the  Inftrument  is  to  aflifttheObferver  in  holding 
it  in  a vertical  Torture,  who  is  to  keep  this  Thread  as 
near  as  he  can  parallel  to  the  Horizon,  and  the  Objeft 
near  the  upright  one.  How  far  an  Inftrument  of  this 

Kind 


( M7  ) 

Kind  may  be  of  Ufe  at  Sea  to  take  the  Diftance  of 
the  Moon’s  Limb  from  the  Sun  or  a Star,  in  order  to 
find  the  Ship’s  Longitude,  when  the  Theory  of  that 
Planet  is  perfected,  I leave  to  Trials  to  determine. 

The  Society  have  the  Satisfa&ion  of  knowing  that 
Theory  to  be  already  brought  to  a good  Degree  of 
Certainty  and  Exa&nefs,  thro’  the  confummate  Skill 
in  Aftronomy,  and  indefatigable  Diligence  in  obferv- 
ing,  of  a very  learned  Member : and  have  great  Rea- 
fon  to  hope,  that  .this  ufeful  and  difficult  Part  of 
Aftronomy  will  in  a little  time  appear  to  be  abfolute- 
ly  com  pleated  by  the  continued  Labour  and  Applica- 
tion of  fome  of  their  own  Body. 


II.  An  ExtraEl  of  a Differtation  De  Stylis  Vete- 
rum,  & diverfis  Chartarum  generibus,  \_by 
the  Hon.  Sir  John  Clerk,  one  oj  the  Barons  of  the 
Exchequer  in  Scotland,  and  F.  5.]  By  Roger 
Gale,  Efq,  Vtce-Brefident  and  Treasurer  Of-  S. 

TH  E learned  and  judicious  Author  takes  occafion 
from  fome  antique  Brafs  Implements  found  near 
the  Wall  of  Antoninus  Pius.,  now  named  Graham’s 
Dykeyn  Scotland , to  give  us  this  curious  Differtation 
upon  the  Stylus , an  Inftrument  ufed  by  the  Ancients 
for  Writing,  with  the  Figures  of  fome  of  them  annex’d 
in  .a  Copper  Plate ; two  of  which  are  reprefented  in 
the  Shape  and  Form  of  the  Roman  Fibula  ; but  the 
Author  is  of  Opinion  they  were  deligned  for  a differ, 
ent  Purpofe,  for  which  he  produces  very  cogent  Rea- 
fons. 

X i 


He 


( 158  ) 

He  obferves,  that  before  the  Ufe  of  Pens  the  An- 
cients performed  their  Writing  with  an  Inftrument 
call’d  by  them  a Stylus  or  Grapbium.  The  Matter 
of  it  was  Gold,  Silver,  Brafs,  Iron,  or  Bone ; the 
Shape  various,  but  alike  in  being  pointed  and  {harp 
at  one  End,  and  flat  and  broad  at  the  other  End : The 
firft  for  writing,  or  rather  cutting  their  Letters,  the 
latter  for  defacing  or  rubbing  out  whatever  wanted 
Correction ; for  all  which,  as  well  as  for  every  thing 
elfe  afferted  by  him,  he  produces  fuflicient  Proofs  from 
proper  Authors, 

He  informs  us,  that  the  Styli  made  of  Iron,  were 
fometimes  ufed  as  Daggers,  and  quotes  two  Paflages 
out  of  Suetonius  to  prove  it}  one  where  Julius  CaJ'ar 
is  faid  to  have  wounded  Cajfius  in  the  Arm,  Gra - 
phio  ; the  other,  where  he  tells  us  it  was  cuftomary 
with  Caligula  to  get  his  Enemies  murder’d,  Gra- 
phiis,  when  they  came  into  the  Senate-Houfe,  and 
confirms  thefe  two  Paflages  by  a third,  taken  from 
Seneca' s Firft  Book  De  Clementia , He  fuppofes  the 
Stylus  made  of  Bone  was  for  the  Ufe  of  Women  and 
Children,  as  lefs  dangerous  than  thofe  of  Metal } 
by  a Quotation  from  Prudentius , it  appears  that  CaJ- 
ftanus  the  Martyr  was  kill’d  by  his  Scholars  with  Iron 
Styli . 

He  agrees  with  Petavius,  or  his  Editors,  that  the 
Implements,  which  gave  Birth  to  this  Diflertation, 
were  Styli , and  . not  Fibula  ad  connetdendas  vejles , 
as  Monfaucon  and  other  Antiquaries  have  imagined, 
and  thinks  an  Objection  that  the  Tongues  of  the  Styli 
muft  have  been  much  longer  than  the  Tongues  of 
their  fuppofed  Fibula , to  be  of  little  Weight } fines 

there 


( ‘59  ) 

there  mutt  have  been  fome  of  them  longer,  and  fome 
of  them  fhorter,  according  to  the  different  Fancies  of 
the  Writers.  Military  Men  might  fometimes  write 
with  the  Point  of  their  Daggers,  and  from  this  Prac- 
tice  the  Words  Stylus  and  ‘Pugio  came  to  be  confound- 
ed j but  Men  of  Bufinefs  and  private  Perfons  cannot 
be  fuppofed  to  have  made  ufe  of  Daggers  for  Writing. 
He  obferves  alfo,  which  is  no  fmall  Argument  for  his 
Side  of  the  Queftion,  that  if  Monf ancon  had  confut- 
ed the  numerous  Draughts  he  has  publifhed  of  the 
Habits  belonging  to  the  old  Greeks  and  Romans , he 
would  not  have  found  one  of  thefe  Implements,  either 
as  a Fattening  or  an  Ornament  upon  them. 

He  proceeds  next  to  a Defcription  of  thefe  StyU 
found  in  Scotland , and  fhews  how  they  were  accom- 
modated to  the  Bufinefs  he  fuppofes  them  defigned 
for  j but  as  the  Copper  Plate  prefix’d  to  his  Dilferta- 
tion  will  give  us  a much  clearer  Notion  of  that,  I (hall 
refer  you  to  it,  and  only  take  notice  that  the  fifth 
Figure  in  it  is  fo  intirely  different  from  the  others,  that 
he  himfelf  is  in  fome  Doubt  about  it,  and  owns  it 
might  have  ferved  the  Arufpices,  in  examining  the 
Bowels  of  Animals,  and  have  been  one  of  thofe 
Inftruments  called  Exjlifpicta.  However,  he  thinks 
that  if  he  fhould  pronounce  it  to  have  been  a 
StyluSy  he  fhould  not  be  much  out  of  the  way, 
fince  the  Ancients  had  their  *Theca  Graphtarit? ,which 
Name  will  agree  very  well  with  this  Brafs  Cafe,  and 
the  Inftrument  found  within  it.  From  the  Stylus 
ufed  to  form  Letters- comes  that  figurative  Exprefiion, 
that  a Perfon  writes  fuch  or  fuch  a fort  of  a Style , 

to 


( 160  ) 

to  denqte  his  manner,  as  a lofty  Style , or  a low  Style  • 
which  way  of  Speaking  our  own  and  other  modern 
‘Nations  have  introduced  into  their  Language. 

As  to  the  feveral  Sorts  of  Chart  a ufed  for  writing, 
he  obfcrves  the  mod  ancient  were  made  of  Barks  of 
Trees,  or  Skins,  or  were  fucli  as  are  called  Pugil- 
lares . The  oldeft  were  of  the  inner  Bark  of  Trees 
called  Liber  in  Latin,  whence  a Book  had  the  Name 
of  Liber  ; but  very  little  of  this  Sort  is  now  in  Be- 
ing, except  the  ^Egyptian  Paper  may  be  accounted 
one  Species  of  it. 

The  Papyrus  was  called  BiI^A©*  or  B/£a©*  by  the 
Greeks , and  thence  their  Books  b/SAoj  or  b/£a ia.  This 
Sort  of  Chart  a was  made  of  a Plant  that  had  many 
pelliceous  Tunicles,  as  Pliny  informs  us,  which  were 
Separated  from  one  another  by  a Needle,  and  then  glued 
again  together,  to  give  them  a Strength  and  Firmnels 
fufficient  to  retain  what  might  be  wrote  upon  them. 
Alexandria  was  the  Place  moft  eminent  for  this  Ma- 
nufacture. There  are  fome  Fragments  of  this  Sort 
ftill  extant  in  Libraries,  particularly  the  famous  Ma- 
nufcript  of  St.  Mark9 s Gofpel  at  Venice . 

The  Chart re  Membranacea  are  made  of  the  Skins 
of  Animals,  dreffed  either  like  our  Glove-Leather,  or 
modern  Parchment.  The  firft  Sort  was  commonly 
ufed  by  the  Jews  for  writing  the  Law  of  Mofes 
upon  it,  and  from  the  rowling  up  of  thefe  Skins  comes 
the  Word  V oilmen.  But  the  Skins  which  Varro  and 
Pliny  fay  were  firft  made  by  Eumenes  King  of  Perga - 
mus  were  in  more  common  Ufe;  However,  Eumenes , 
who  is  related  by  thefe  Authors  to  have  made  them 
in  Oppofition  to  Ptolomy  King  of  AEgypt , that  had 
forbid  the  Exportation  of- the  Papyrus  from  his  Do* 

. * minions, 


( ) 

minions,  does  not  feem  to  be  the  Inventor  of  the 
Chart  re  Membranacetf)  fince  Herodotus , who  lived 
• long  before  his  Time,  informs  us,  that  the  lonians 
and  other  Nations  Were  ufed  to  write  upon  Goat  and 
Sheep-Skins,  Jofephus  alfo  tell  us,  that  the  Jews 
fent  the;ir  Laws  written  upon  Skins  in  Letters  of  Gold 
to  Ptolomy\  by  which  it  feems  as  if  the  writing  up- 
on Skins  was  no  new  thing  at  that  Time  among  the 
Jews. 

The  Ufe  of  the'  Pugillares  was  alfo  very  ancient, 
being  mentioned  by  Homer , and  among  the  Latins 
by  Plautus . They  Were  made  of  all  Sorts  of  Wood, 
Ivory,  and  Skins  covered  over  with  Wax.  They  were 
like  wife  of  feveral  Colours,  as  red,  yellow,  green, 
faffron.  White,  and  others.  Being  waxed  over,  any 
thing  was  eafily  wrote  upon  them  by  the  Point 
of  the  Stylus , and  as  eafily  rubb’d  out,  and  al- 
ter’d by  the  flat  Part  of  it.  Sometimes  thefe  Pu- 
gillares  were  made  of  Gold,  Silver,  Brafe,  or 
Lead,  and  then  there  was  a Neceffity  of  an  Iron 
Stylus  to  write  or  cut  the  Letters  upon  them,  which 
explains  that  Paflage  in  the  19th  Chapter  of  Job , 
Jpuis  mihi  det  ut  exarentur  in  libro , Stylo  ferreo 
& plumbi  lamina , vel  celte  fculpiintur  in  Silice. 
They  confided  fometimes  of  two,  three,  five,  or  more 
Pages,  and  thence  were  called  Diplices>  Priplices , 
QuintUplices , and  Multiplices  \ and  by  the  Greehsy 

AnrTi/^,  T£,t7r7y^6,  & C . 

The  Diptychs  and  Priptychs  that  were  covered 
with  Wax,  ferved  only  for  common  Occurrences,  the 
other  Sorts  received  every  thing  elfe  that  was  wrote 
upon  Charts  or  Membran<$y  and  were  fometimes 

called 


( >62  ) 

called  by  the  Greeks  P alimpfejl ie , from  the  rubbing 
out  of  the  Letters  upon  them. 

The  Chart -a  Linterf,  and  Bombycinz , which  were 
made  of  Linnen  or  Cotton,  were  of  a much  later  Date  j 
and  from  thefe  we  learned  to  make  the  Paper  now  in 
Ufe  of  Linnen  Rags,  an  Invention  probably  of  about 
600  Years  Handing. 

Writing  was  pradtifed  upon  all  thefe  Chart  a with 
a Reed,  and  afterwards  with  a Pen,  except  upon  the 
Pugillares.  Thefe  Reeds  grew  upon  the  Banks  of 
the  Nile  j the  Greeks  alfo  ufed  Reeds  imported  from 
Perjia  for  the  fame  Purpofe.  Calami  argent ei  are 
alfo  mentioned  for  Writing. 

Their  Letters  were  formed  with  Liquors  of  various 
Colours,  but  chiefly  black,  thence  called  At r amen* 
turn , and  in  Greek  or  fu^dnor.  It  was  fome- 

times  made  of  the,  Blood  of  the  Cuttle  Fi(h,  fome* 
times  of  Soot.  Apelles  compofed  a Black  of  burnt 
Ivory,  which  was  called  Elephant inum.  They  had 
Ink  alfo  from  India  of  an  approved  Compofition,  as 
Pliny  fays. 

TheTitlesof  their  Chapters  and  Sections  were  wrote 
in  Red, or  Purple : Hence  the  Titles  of  the  Roman  Laws 
are  called  Rubric a.  Their  Purpura  was  an  exceed- 
ing bright  Red,  or  Crimfon,  much  in  Vogue  with  the 
Byzant /^Writers,  and  called  XjvvaGcl&s,  which  was  a 
Liquor  made  of  the  Murex  boiled,  and  its  Shell  very 
finely  powdered  ; or  as  Pliny  relates,  of  the  Blood  of 
that  Filh.  Almoft  all  the  ancient  Emperors  wore  this 
Colour,  their  Names  were  painted  in  it  upon  their  Ban- 
ners,  and  they  frequently  wrote  with  it,  and  wore  it. 
This  Colour  was  often  the  Diftindion  of  a Roman  Ma- 

giftrate. 


( 1 61  ) 

ftrate,  and  to  put  on  the  Purple  was  the  fame  thing  as 
to  alfume  the  Government.  This  Colour  was  fo  ad- 
mired by  the  Poets,  that  they  called  every  thing 
which  was  very  bright  and  fine.  Purple  •,  as  Horace 
complements  the  Swan,  which  is  never  of  any  Colour 
but  white,  with 

Purpureis  ales  oloribus. 

We  find  even  Snow  honoured  with  the  fame  Epithet, 
whence  fome  have  imagined  that  purpureus  fignify’d 
white. 

The  Children  of  the  Emperors,  and  fuch  as  had  a 
Profped  of  riling  to  the  Throne,  and  their  Guardians, 
fometimes  wrote  with  Green  ; Gold  alfo  was  employ- 
ed for  the  like  Purpofe.  They  that  defire  to  fee  more 
upon  .this  Subjed  may  have  Racourfe  to  Mabillon 
De  Re  Diplomatica , and  Monfaucon  in  his  Paheo- 
graphia  Gneca * 


III.  Some  Experiments  concerning  the  poifonous 
"Quality  of  the  Simple  Water  dijlilled  from  the 
L auro-cer asus,  or  common  Laurel, 
made  upon  Dogs,  at  Toppingo- Hall  in 
Effex,  Auguft  the  14th  1731.  and  others 
made  before  the  Royal  Society  in  their. 
(Repolitory*  By  Cromwell  Mortimer,  M.  V. 
^ 5.  Secret. 

I Took  a Peck  of  Laurel  Leaves,  and  put  them  into 
an  Aiembick  with  three  Gallons  of  Water,  which 

Y I 


| 164  ) 

I diftilled  in  the  common  Way,  as  Penny  Royal,  Mint 
Water,  or  any  Simple  Waters  are  made.  The  Fire  at 
firft  being  too  hot,  there  came  over  an  Oilinefs  with  the 
Water,  ( i.)  which  made  it  appear  milky,  till  about  half 
a Pint  had  run : This  tailed  and  fmelt  very  llrong  like 
Apricock Kernels,  as  did  thenext Running, (z.),  which 
was  clearer.  I kept  the  firft  Qjiart  of  it  by  itfelf ; then 
I drew  off  another  Quart,  (3.)  which  was  not  near 
fo  ftrong  in  Tafte  or  Smell,  but  rather  refembled 
Black-Cherry  Water  : The  Remainder  was  almoft 
inlipid.  The  Leaves  after  the  Diftillation  look’d 
brownilh,  were  brittle,  and  tailed  bitter  without  the 
Roughnefs  or  Apricock-Kernel  Flavour,  which  they 
have  while  frelh. 

In  the  Afternoon  of  the  fame  Day  I took  a Mun- 
grel  Puppy,  weighing  two  Pounds  and  an  half, 
about  fixteen  Days  old  j it  had  fuck’d  the  Bitch 
in  the  Forenoon,  but  had  now  failed  fix  Hours.  I 
took  one  Ounce  of  the  third  Water,  and  gave  fome 
of  it  to  the  Puppy,  gradually  by  Tea- Spoon- 
fuls, that  it  might  the  better  fwallow  it.  When 
it  had  taken  half  the  Quantity,  I let  it  go  ; it  walk’d 
about  pretty  ftrongly  for  five  Minutes,  when  it  began 
to  foam  at.  the  Mouth,  and  foon  after  vomited  up  fome 
curdled  Milk,  and  then  difcharged  the  Faces  alvina , 
after  which  the  Sicknefs  feemed  to  go  off:  I then  gave 
it  three  Tea-Spoonfuls  more;  in  ten  Minutes  it  be- 
gan to  ftagger,  and  draw  its  hind  Parts  after  it  j,  it 
fat  upon  its  Breech,  whined,  and  made  feveral 
Efforts  to  vomit,  but  never  brought  any  thing  up ; 
and  then  again  would  walk  about,  and  fit  down  and 
whine,  and  again  feem  to  recover  for  about  fifteen 
Minutes  longer : Then  thinking  the  fecond  Water 

would 


( Itfy ) 

would  difpatch  it  fooner  out  of  its  Mifery,  it  feeming 
to  be  very  uneafy,  I took  one  Ounce  and  half  of  the 
fecond  Running:  I gave  it  firft  three  Tea  Spoonfuls, 
and  fet  it  down,  when  in  two  Minutes  time  it  became 
ftrongly  convulfed,  put  out  theTongue,  and  madeftrong 
Efforts  to  vomit,  but  to  no  Effect ; it  could  not  ftand 
on  its  Legs,  but  lay  with  its  hind  Legs  ftretched  out : 
Five  Minutes  after  I gave  three  Tea  Spoonfuls  more, 
when  it  was  ftronger  convulfed,  rolled  over  and  over 
feveral  times,  drew  its  Head  back  to  its  Rump,  then 
lay  on  its  Side  and  panted  much  : About  eight  Mi- 
nutes after,  I gave  it  two  Tea  Spoonfuls  more,  and  it 
had  frefh  and_  ftrong  Convulfions,  but  kept  lying  on 
its  Side,  and  thus  ftretching  out  its  four  Legs  one 
after  another,  drawing  in  its  Flanks  very  quick ; in 
fifteen  Minutes  more  it  died,  being  in  all  about  an 
Hour  from  the  firft  Dofe, 

An  Hour  after  it  was  dead  I opened  it,  and  found  all 
the  Contents  of  the  Abdomen  well } the  Stomach  was 
diftended  with  Wind,  being  opened,  it  appeared  empty 
of  Milk,  but  full  of  Froth,  and  a clear  Mucus  of  a 
much  thicker  Confidence  than  the  Liquor  Gaftrkus 
naturally  is  \ they  had  no  Smell  at  all,  the  infide  of 
the  Stomach  was  not  at  all  inflamed. 

On  opening  the  T 'borax  I found  the  Lungs  a little 
redder  than  natural,  with  fome  Veflels  on  the  out- 
ward Membrane  of  them  very  turgid : On  cutting 
them  out  a pretty  deal  of  clear  red  Blood  ran  from 
them.  The  Veins  and  both  Ventricles  of  the  Heart 
were  turgid  and  full  of  coagulated  Blood,  of  a dark- 
brown  Colour,  which  tinged  my  Fingers  of  a dirty- 
yellow,  as  if  fome  Gall  had  been  mix’d  with  it. 

Y % There 


( t66  ) 

There  was  no  Blood  in  the  Arteries ; the  Foramen 
Ovale  was  open. 

On  opening  the  Head,  the  Dura  Mater  appeared 
livid,  as  if  bruifed,  its  VefTels  and  the  Sinus  falci-for - 
mis  were  turgid  and  full  of  the  fame  Bipod,  as  the 
Heart  and  VefTels  near  it.  The  cortical  Subftance  of 
the  Brain  looked  of  an  unufual  livid  blueifh  Colour. 

Next  Day  about  Five  in  the  Afternoon  I took  a 
large  Maftiff  Dog  weighing  feventy-five  Pounds.  We 
tied  him  to  a Poftas  he  flood  on  his  Legs,  one  hold- 
ing him  ftrongly  by  the  Tail,  he  being  very  fierce 
and  unmanageable : We  injeded  per  Amm  three 
Ounces  of  the  fecond  Running,  in  five  Minutes  he 
trembled  and  dagger'd  much,  would  let  us*  handle 
him,  he  drew  his  hind  Legs  after  him,  tumbled  on  his 
Head, panted  and  flabher’d,  but  gradually  recover’d  fo 
as  to  fland  up,  tho’  reeling  and  often  finking  with  his 
hind  Legs.  Fifteen  Minutes  after,  we  injected  one 
Ounce  more  j he  immediately  dagger'd  and  funk  behind, 
foon  after  he  made  Water  plentifully.  We  then  led 
him  to  another  Kennel,  where  he  foon  difeharged  the 
Faeces  plentifully,,  but  of  an  hard  Confidence  : 

The  Faces'  Teem'd  moiften’d  with  the  lad  inje&ed 
Ounce,  which  X imagin’d  came  away  by  this  Stool ; 
X therefore  immediately  injefled  another  Ounce,  up- 
on which  he  Teemed  more  uneafy  than  before,  tum- 
bling on  one  Side,  and' in  about  ten  Minutes  after,  he. 
fell  faft  afleep,  breathing  with  Difficulty;  half  an 
Hour  after,  I rouzed  him,  found  him  flabbering, 
drowzy,  finking  behind,  and  giddy : About  an  Hour 
and  a Quarter  after  the  firft  Injedion,  X found  him  as 
before,  but  provoking  him  with  a Stick,  he  bit  at  it, 

and 


( »<*7  ) 

and  tho*  naturally  fierce,  he  was  very  quiet  when  I 
did  not  ftrike  him  5 in  a few  Minutes  he  reeled 
and  fell  a fnoaring  again:  About  Nine  at  Night  he 
feemed  very  well,  only  drowfy.  We  left  him  all  that 
Night  without  Water  and  Victuals,  but  thro’ Hunger 
he  eat  fome  of  the  Straw  he  lay  on,  as  we  found  af- 
terwards upon  opening  his  Stomach.  Next  Morning, 
being  Friday , we  gave  him  Water  and  Bones;  he 
drank  greedily,  and  eat  the  Bones,  Bread,  and  what- 
ever was  given  him,  fteming  perfectly  recover’d 
and  well  all  Day  and  the  next  Night, only  very  thir* 
fty,  and  a little  drowzy,  but  perfeftly  gentle. 

On  Saturday , about  Nine  o’clock  in  the  Forenoon, 
we  faften’d  him  to  a Poft,  and  put  a Rope  into  his 
Mouth,  by  which  his  Nofe  was  ty’d  faft  to  a Rail, 
great  Care  being  taken  that  there  ffiould  be  no  Rope 
about  his  Neck  fo  tight,  as  to  hinder  his  fwallowing 
or  his  breathing:  I then  gave  him  three  Ounces  of  the 
fecond  Running,  at  three  times,  with  an  Horn,  fuch 
as  they  drench  Horfes  with;  he  fwallowed  it  with 
great  Difficulty,  and  guggled  fome  up  again:  To  pre- 
vent which,  I thrufl  the  Horn  a good  way  down  his 
Throat.  We  then  unty’d  him  from  the  Pod,  to  fee 
how  he  could  walk,  but  he  inftantly  reeled,  fell 
down,  rolled  over  and  over,  difcharg*d  much  Urine, 
and  fome  hard  Faces  alvina,  had  no  Motion  to  vomit, 
but  dribbled  much,  panted,  and  fbewed  great  Diffi- 
culty of  breathing,  fnuffing  up  the  Air  with  his  No- 
ftrils,  holding  his  Nofe  up,  as  he  fat  on  his  Breech  j 
for  he  could  not  then  ftand  on  his  hind  Legs:  He  often 
(hook  his  Head,  as  if  ftung  by  fome  Fly : He  gradually 
recover’d,  and  in  about  twenty  Minutes  time  could 

walk 


( i<58  ) 

walk  about  very  fteadily  on  all  his  Legs,  tho’  he  {till 
appear’d  weakeft  behind:  Wherefore  imagining  he 
might  linger  a long  time,  or  perhaps  recover  entirely, 
we  made  him  fall:  again,  and  gave  him  three  Ounces 
more,  near  half  of  which  he  fpilt  ; and  indeed  out 
of  the  fix  Ounces,  I don’t  believe  above  three  or  four 
enter’d  his  Stomach : He  gave  one  terrible  loud  Howl, 
and  funk  down  at  once,  before  we  could  untie  him 
from  the  Port,  to  fee  whether  he  could  walk  or  not. 
He  never  offer’d  to  rife  again,  but  lay  on  one  Side, 
panted,  hung  his  Tongue  out,  and  flabber’d  much, 
ftretch’d  all  four  Legs  out  three  or  four  times,  and 
was  quite  dead  and  motionlefs  in  about  five  Minutes 
time.  I did  not  obferve  any  Convulfion  in  the  Muf- 
cles  of  the  Neck  and  Back,  nor  was  his  Head  and 
Tail  drawn  nearer  together,  as  in  the  Puppy. 

About  half  an  Hour  after  I open’d  him,  being  ftill 
warm.  I found  the  Bladder  contracted  and  empty  ; 
the  Return  llightly  inflamed,  the  fmall  Guts  not  di- 
ftended  with  Wind,  but  contracted,  andalmoft  clofe  ; 
the  Bile  was  evacuated  in  a great  Quantity  into  the 
Duodenum , and  was  very  thick,  appearing  like  con- 
gealed Honey.;  the  Gall-bladder  was  altnoft  empty  ; 
but  what  remained  in  it  was  as  thick  as  the  other ; to 
the  Infide  of  the  Gall-bladder  there  adhered  feveral 
Excrefcencies  in  Form  and  Size  of  Lentils,  like 
Drops  of  foftifh  yellow  Wax  : The  Liver  was  exceed- 
ingly inflamed,  and  almoft  livid  : The  Stomach  was 
contracted  near  the  Pylorus , and  again  about  three 
Inches  above  it ; upon  opening  it,  we  found  fome 
pieces  of  Bone  in  it,  a pretty  deal  of  Straw,  and 
about  two  Ounces  of  Fluid,  which  fmelt  ftrong  of  the 

Laurel 


( u5p  ) 

Laurel  Water ; but  no  Mucus , as  in  the  Puppy : Some 
of  the  Villi  feemed  llightly  inflamed,  the  Blood  Vef- 
fels  being  very  turgid:  There  was  a great  deal  of 
Mucus  in  the  Oefophagus , which  did  not  feem  in- 
flamed. On  opening  the  Thorax , the  Lungs  appear’d 
exceedingly  contracted,  and  very  red  and  inflamed. 
In  this  Dog  it  was  very  evident,  that  the  Pericar- 
dium did  not  adhere  to  the  Diaphragm  as  in  erctt 
Animals,  here  being  a Diftance  of  above  two  Inches, 
which  was  fill’d  up  by  an  Appendix  to  the  right 
Lung  ; on  removing  which  the  Vena  cava  run  from 
the  Diaphragm  about  three  Inches  to  the  Pericar- 
dium quite  free,  not  adhering  to  the  Back  by  any  Fi- 
bres or  Membranes,  and  was  entirely  envelop’d  by 
this  Appendix  of  the  Lung.  The  Vena  cava  and 
all  the  Veins  were  vaftly  diftended,  and  the  Blood  in 
them  coagulated,  tho’  the  Body  was  yet  hot : There 
was  little  or  no  Blood  in  the  Aorta  \ only  on  prefling  it, 
a fmall  Quantity  of  a tranfparent  Fluid,  which  I took 
for  Serum , flowed  out  of  it.  The  Blood  was  ftrong- 
ly  coagulated  in  the  right  Auricle  and  Ventricle 
of  the  Heart,  being  of  a very  dark  Colour,  and 
fill’d  them  quite ; but  the  left  Auricle  and  Ventri- 
cle contained  only  a fmall  Clot  of  congealed  Blood, 
which'  look’d  more  red  and  florid : I kept  fome  Clots 
of  the  Blood  out  of  the  Vein,  and  alfo  out  of  the 
left  Ventricle,  twenty-four  Hours,  but  neither  of 
them  liquified  or  run  into  Serum.  I had  the  Head 
cut  off,  but  Bufinefs  preventing,  I did  not  open  it  till 
twenty-four  Hours  after  j a great  deal  of  Blood  drain- 
ed from  it,  and  upon  opening  it,  the  Veflels  did  not 
then  appear  diftended,  but  the  Dura  Mater  look’d 

livid : 


T ( *7°  ) 

livid  : There  was  no  Blood  at  al!  in  the  Sinus  falci- 
f of  mis \ the  Brain  look’d  very  well  • the  Veflels  of 
the  Plexus  Choroides  in  each  Ventricle  were  not  di- 
ftended,  but  livid,  nor  were  they  burft,  there  being 
no  Extravafation  in  the  Ventricles,  only  a very  fmall 
Quantity  of  Lymph ; which  was  the  Cafe  likewife 
of  the  Pericardium , which  had  not  above  a Tea 
Spoonful  of  Water  in  it. 

In  both  thefe  Inftances  this  Poifon  feems  to  a by 
coagulating  the  Blood  j fo  that  it  can’t  pafs  the  Lungs 
or  Brain : And  I take  it  that  the  Puppy  liv’d  longer 
than  the  great  Dog  •,  becaufe  in  the  Puppy  the  Fora- 
men Ovale  was  open,  by  whfch  the  thicken’d  Blood 
could  pafs,  and  perform  a few  Circulations  more  than 
it  could  have  done,  had  it  had  the  Lungs  to  pafs  thro*} 
and  that  in  the  Puppy  the  Brain  was  the  Part  the 
mod:  affe&ed,  as  was  evident  from  the  Convulfions  it 
had  : Whereas  the  Dog  was  little  convulfed,  but  feem’d 
to  die  of  a Difficulty  of  Breathing ; and  the  greateft 
Accumulation  was  found  at  the  right  Ventricle  of 
the  Heart, 

When  I return’d  to  London , I got  a middling- fiz’d 
Spaniel,  on  whom  I tried  the  Experiment  at  theHoufe 
of  our  Honourable  Prefidenr.  i pour’d  about  three 
Ounces  of  the  Laurel  Water  into  an  old  Coffee-Pot, 
and  while  the  Dog  was  held  fa  ft  by  another,  fome 
Laurel  Water  was  poured  down  his  Throat:  He  ftrug- 
gled  pretty  much  at  firft,  and  whined  jbut  when  about 
half  of  it  was  down,  he  ceafed  ftruggling  ♦ that 
he  might  not  be  too  long  a dying,  the  Remainder  was 
given  him  j he  fpilt  about  one  third  of  the  whole 
Quantity  : He  was  then  laid  down  on  the  Ground, 

but 


but  never  offer’d  to  get  up,  only  ftretching  out  his 
Legs,  expir’d  prefently.  Mr.  Ranby , who  afiifted 
at  the  Experiment,  open’d  him  immediately  •,  there 
was  about  two  Ounces  of  the  Laurel  Water  found  in 
his  Stomach,  and  fome  frothy  Mucus  ; the  Veins  in 
general  were  very  turgid,  but  the  Blood  was  flill  fluid ; 
and  indeed  we  could  difcern  no  Alteration  in  any  of 
the  Fife  era. 

I gave  four  Ounces  of  Laurel  Water  to  Dr.  Porter, 
Coll.Med.Lond.L'icentiat.HAoAA  down  a pretty  large 
Dog  threeOunces,  with  no  great  Difficulty.  The  Crea- 
ture inftantly  returned  about  two  Ounces  by  Vomit, 
clear  and  unalter’d  j in  a few  Minutes  he  grew  prodigi- 
oufly  convulfed,  foon  after  became  motionlefs,  and  to  all 
appearance  was  dying.  Within  ten  Minutes  he  vomited 
a fecond  time,  ana  threw  up  afmall  Quantity  of  a vif- 
cid,  green,  and  very  frothy  Matter : From  which  Mo- 
ment he  began  to  recover,  and  within  half  an  Hour 
was  perfectly  well.  He  was  kept  in  the  Yard  all  Night, 
and  the  next  Morning  not  the  leaft  Diforder  being  to 
be  perceived  in  him,  he  was  turned  out  of  Doors. 

An  Account  of  the  Experiment  tried  upon  a Dog 
with  Laurel  Water,  in  the  Prefence  of  fever al 
Members  of  the  Royal  Society,  in  their  .Reposi- 
tory, upon  Thurfday  the  x%th  of  Odober  1731. 
By  Cromwell  Mortimer,,;  R?  S.  Seer. 

A Bout  half  an  Hour  after  Six  in  the  Evening  I 
gave  about  half  an  Ounce  of  the  Laurel  Water 
to  a middle-lxz’d  Spaniel  weighing  near  fixteen  Pound, 
which  he  fwaliowed  with  great  Reluctance,  fp'iliing 

Z near 


( 172  ) 

near  as  much  more, which  I endeavour’d  to  pour  down 
his  Throat.  Some  of  the  Company  defired  he  might 
be  fet  down,  to  fee  what  Effect  fo  fmall  a Quantity 
would  produce : He  remained  about  a Minute  and  half 
on  his  Legs; he  then  began  to  reel,  and  in  about  three 
Minutes  more  fell  into  moft  violent  Convulfions,  and 
his  Neck  and  Tail  were  ftrongly  drawn  toward  each 
other ; he  neither  vomited  nor  purged,  but  we  ex- 
petted  he  would  expire  every  Minute,  the  Convulfi- 
ons being  fo  exceedingly  ftrong,  when  fome  of  the 
Company  call’d  for  fome  Milk,  in  order  to  try  whe- 
ther it  would  prove  an  Antidote  to  fo  defperate  a 
Poifon.  We  poured  a little  Milk  into  his  Throat,, 
which  at  firft  he  could  not  fwallow,  but  guggled  it 
up  again  as  if  almoft  ftrangled  with  it.  After  feveral 
Trials  he  began  to  fwallow  fome,  about  a fpoonful  at 
a time,  and  feemed  a little  relieved,  his  Convulfions 
leaving  him,  only  fetching  his  Breath  very  hard  ; bur 
he  lay  ftill  and  fnorted,  as  if  in  a profound  Sleep  ; 
and  the  Milk  frothed  out  of  his  Nofe:  On  rouzing 
him,  he  opened  his  Eyes,  and  fwallowed  the  Milk 
better,  which  feemed  to  revive  him  much ; fo  that 
the  Company  imagining  he  would  entirely  recover, 
went  away.  I ftaid  fome  time  longer,  till  at  laft  he 
began  to  lap  the  Milk  himfelf  when  held  up  to  it: 
He  vomited  up  a pretty  deal  of  Milk,  which  relieved 
him  more;  and  then  hfe  lapped  again,  but  could  not 
{land  on  his  Legs.  I left  him  in  this  Condition  about 
feven  o’Clock,  thinking  he  would  have  recovered, 
and  left  Orders  that  he  fhould  have  a Pan  of  Milk, 
and  another  of  Water,  about  a Pint  of  each,  fet  by 
him,  and  that  he  fhould  be  kept  {hut  up  all  Night. 

About 


( W]  ) 

About  eleven  o’Clock  he  was  feen  alive  and  walk- 
ing about-,  but  next  Morning  he  was  found  dead,  af- 
ter having  drank  up  all  the  Milk  and  Water,  and  hav- 
ing vomited  and  purged  pretty  much. 

Thus  we  find  this  Ample  Water  diftilled  from  a. 
Vegetable,  equally  mortal  with  the  Bite  of  the  Rattle- 
Snake,  and  more  quick  in  its  Operation  than  any  Mi- 
neral Poifon ; and  tho’  it  may  not  immediately  bring 
on  Death,  when  taken  in  fmall  Quantities,  or  mixed 
with  other  Liquors,  it  being  common  among  our  good 
Houfewives  to  put  Laurel  Leaves  into  Cream  to  give 
it  the  Rattafia  or  Apricock-Kernel  Flavour  ; and 
fome  Compounders  of  Cordial  Waters,  to  ufe  the 
Berries  of  this  Plant  in  Brandy  inftead  of  Black  Cher- 
ries, to  mix  fome  of  the  diftilled  poifonous  Wlter 
with  Brandy  to  make  Rattafia,  or  to  dilute  it  with 
common  Water,  till  it  refembles  Black-Cherry  Water 
in  Tafte ; tho  one  fingle  Draught  at  a time  may  not 
prove  immediately  mortal,  yet  an  habitual  Ufe  of 
thefe  Liquors  muft  certainly  be  exceeding  prejudicial 
and  unwholefome,  and  in  weakly  Perfons  muft  haften 
Death. 

I am  informed  that  a Gentleman  and  his  Wife,  who 
fifed  for  feveral  Years  to  drink  daily  a Dram  or  two 
of  the  Brandy  in  which  Laurel  Berries  were  infus'd, 
both  died  paralytic,  having  loft  their  Speech  fome 
time  before. 


Z » 


A 


( ‘74  ) 

IV.  A Continuation  of  an  Account  of  Mr.  Mark 
Catesby’f  Effay  towards  a Natural  Hifkory  of 
Carolina  and  the  Bahama  I funds,  with  fome 
Extracts  out  of  the  fourth  Set , by  T>r.  Morti- 
mer, 5^.  S'.  Secret. 

I Gave  an  Account  of  the  Contents  of  the  three  firft 
Sets  of  this  curious  and  pompous  Performance  in 
the  415'th  Number  of  thefe  Tranfa&ions,  from  Page 
415.  to  434.  I now  proceed  to  the  fourth  Set,  be- 
ginning with  Plate 

6 1.  Par  us  Americanus  Lutefcens.  The  Pine- 
creeper. 

Ligujtrum  Lauri  folio t fruAtt  violaceo . The 

purple-berried  Bay. 

6z.  Parus  Americanus  gutture  luteo.  The  yel- 
low-throated Creeper. 

Acer  Firginianum , folio  major e , fubtus  argent eo, 
fupra  viridi  fplendente.  Pluk.  Almag.  the  red  flower- 
ing Maple  (f).  It  bears  our  Englijb  Climate. 

63.  Parus  Carolinenf  s Luteus.  The  yellow  Tit- 
moufe. 

Laurus  Carolinenjis , foliis  acuminatis,  baccis 
cteruleisy  pediculis  longis  rnbris  infdentibus.  The 
red  Bay.  The  Wood  of  this  Tree  is  molt  beautiful 
for  Cabinets. 

64.  Parus  Fringillaris.  The  Finch-creeper. 
Frutex  Padi  foliis  non  ferratis,  jloribus  monope - 
talis  alb  is  campani-formibus , frutdu  crajf'o  tetra - 
gono . 

65.  Mellivora  Avis  Carolinenjis . The  Hamming 
Bird.  This  Bird  fubfifts  by  fucking  the  Honey  out 
Flowers  in  the  manner  of  Bees.  Big. m 


( yj  ) 

Bignonia  Fraxini  joins , coccineo  fore  mi'nore. 
The  Trumpet-Flower. 

66.  Mufcicapa  vertice  nigro.  The  Cat-Bird. 

Alni-folia  Americana  J errata,  jloribus  pent  ape- 

tails  aibis,  in  fpicam  difpofitis.  Pluk.  Phyt.  Tab. 

i if.  Fig.  x.Ct). 

67.  Ruticilla  Americana.  The  Redftart.. 

Nux  Inglans  mgr  a Virginienjis.  Park.  1414.  The 
Black  Walnut,  The  Wood  of  this  Tree  is  very  near 
black,  and  is  very  handfome  in  Cabinets,  &c. 

68.  Rubicilla.  minor  nigra.  The  little  black  Bui- 
finch.  This  Bird  is  likewife  an  Inhabitant  of  Mexi- 
co, where  by  the  Spaniards  it  is  called  Maripofa 
nigra , or  the  black  Butterfly. 

Amelanchier  Firginiana,  Lauro  ceraji  folio. 
Hort.  Sicc.  Petiver.  Raij  Suppl.  App.  241.  Arbor 
Zeylanica,  Cot  ini  foliis,  fiibtus  lanugine  villojis , 
for  thus  aibis , cuculi  modo  laciniatis.  Pluk.  Aim. 
p.  44.  Tab.  141.  Fig.  4, 

69.  IJpida.  The  King-Filher. 

Myrtus  Br ab antic <e  f mills  Carolinenfis,  baccata, 
fruffu  racemofo  fejftli  monopyreno.  Pluk.  Almag.  The 
narrow-leav’d  Candle. berry  Myrtle.  Another  Species 
is  defcribed  before  in  p.  13.  The  Berries  of  this  Plant 
boiled  inWater  afford  an  Oil, which  being  skimmed  off, 
is  hard  like  Wax,  when  cold,  and  of  a green  Colour : 
This  they  clarify,  and  by  mixing  one  fourth  Part  of 
Tallow  with  it,,  make  good  Candles  of  it. 

70.  Gallinula  Americana.  The  Soree.  This 
Bird  is  in  Virginia  as  much  in  Requeft  for  the  De- 
licacy of  its  Flelh,  as  the  Ortulan  in  Europe. 


( ij6  ) 

Gent  tana  Virgtniana,  Saponarite  folio,  flore  cee- 
ruleo  longiore.  Hift.  Oxon.  III.  184.  Ico.Tab.  5.  § 11* 

71.  Pluvialis  vociferus.  The  Chattering  Plover. 
In  Virginia  they  are  called  Kildeers , from  fome  Re- 
femblance  of  their  Noife  to  the  Sound  of  that  Word. 

Frutex  foliis  oblongis  acuminatis , floribus  fpi - 
eat  is  mo  verfu  difpojitis.  The  Sorrel  Tree. 

7X.  Morinellus  Marinus  of  Sirj  'Thomas  Bronson. 
An  Cinclus  Turneri  ? Willoughby,  p.  3 11. 

The  Turn-Stone  or  Sea-Dottrel.  This  Bird  has 
its  Name  from  its  Praftice  of  turning  up  Stones  of 
two  or  three  Pound-weight,  in  order  to  find  Infects 
and  Worms  under  them.  It  is  a Native  both  of  Eng- 
land and  America . 

Arbor  maritima , foliis  conjugatis  Pyri-formibus 
apice  in  fummitate  nffrutfis,  jloribus  racemops 

luteis- 

73.  Phoenicopterus  Bahamenjis . The  Flamingo. 

Thefe  Birds  will  not  fly  away  at  the  Report  of  a 

Gun,  and  when  one  is  killed,  all  the  reft  ftand  about 
him,  gazing  on  ; fo  that  one  may  kill  feveral  one 
after  another. 

Keratophyton  dichotomum  fufcum. 

74.  Caput  Phoenicopteri  naturalis  magnitudinis. 
The  Head  of  the  Flamingo  in  its  full  Dimenfions. 

Our  Author  fays,  that  when  they  feed,  they 
bend  down  their  Necks,  fo  that  they  lay  the 
upper  part  of  their  Bills  next  the  Ground,  and 
that  they  get  a round  fort  of  Grain  like  Millet  out  of 
the  Mud,  as  he  hath  been  informed,  and  that  it  is 
doubted  whether  they  prey  on  Filh  and  Eels,  as  hath 
been  thought.  Dr.  James  Douglas  hath  given  an 

ample 


( ) 

ample  and  curious  Defcription  of  this  Bird,  in  franf 
aft.  N°  iso. 

Keratophyton  fruficis  fpecte , nigrum. 
jS-  Grus  Americana  alba.  The  Hooping  Crane. 
Prrnus  Buxi  folio  cordato , fruttu  nigro  rotundo. 

The  Bullet-Bulk 

76.  Ardaa  c ter  idea.  The  blue  Heron. 

7 7.  Ardrca  alba  minor  Carolinenjis.  The  little 
white  Heron. 

Ketmia  frutefcens  glauca , Aceris  majoris  folio, 
long  'tore  ferrato,  jlore  cameo. 

78.  Ardea  Stellaris  Americana.  The  brown 
Bittern. 

79.  Ardea  Stellaris  drift  at  a Americana.  The 
Crefted  Bittern.  They  breed  in  the  Bahama  Iflands, . 
where  the  young  ones,  tho’  almoft  full  grown,  will 
fuffer  themfelves  to  be  taken  by  Hand.  They  are 
reckon’d  good  Meat.  They  are  there  called  Crab - 
Catchers , becaufe  they  moftly  fubfift  on  Crabs. . 

Lobelia  frutefcens , Portulac £ folio.  Plumier. 
Nov.  Gen.  p.  zi. 

80.  Ardea  Stellaris  minima.  The  frnall  Bittern. 
Fraxinus  Carolinenfts , foliis  anguftioribus  utrin- 

que  acuminatis,  pendulis.  The  pointed- leaved  Afli 
of  Carolina. 


The  Plants  mark’d  (f)  are  fuch  as  the  Author  hath 
raifed  himfelf  in  the  late  Mr.  Fairchild's,  now 
Mr.  Bacon's  Garden  at  Hoxton , and  which  he  hath; 
found  by  Experience  to  bear  our  Climate  in  Winter, 
without  any  Shelter. 


( 17*  ) 

^ As  I omitted  in  my  Account  of  the  three  former 
Sets,  to  put  this  Mark  to  fuch  Plants  as  were  growing 
at  Hoxton , I fhall  here  only  mention  their  Engltjb 
Names,  and  the  Numbers  of  the  Pages  in  which  they 
are  defcribed  ; which  are. 

In  the  firft  Set. 

Pages  1 6 to  23.  being  feveral  Kinds  of  Oaks. 

In  the  fecond  Set. 

Page  27  The  Dogwood  Tree. 

38  The  Hiccory  and  the  Pignut. 

3 9 The  fweet  flowering  Bay. 

In  the  third  Set. 

Page  48  The  Tulip  Tree. 

49  The  Catalpa  Tree. 

53  Yellow  Jeflamy. 

55-  Saflafras. 

57  The  upright  Honeyfutkle. 

In  this  fourth  'Set. 

Page  6 2 The  red  flowering  Maple. 

66  which  hath  no  Engltjb  Name. 


V.  Ob, 


it*??)) 

V.  Obfervatio  Eclipjts  Solis  die  1 5 Julij  17;©. 
habita  (Pekini  in  publico  ejus  ^egia  ObferVatorio 
a P P.  Ignatio  Kegler,  O'  Andrea  Pereyra 
Societatis  J ESU,  conmunicata  per  Jacobum 
de  Caftro  Sarmenco,  M.  D.  Coll.  Med.  Lond. 
Eic.  O'  S . S. 

EO  die  coelum  a fummo  mane  dense  obnubilatum, 
ac  poftea  in  pluvias  refolutum,  copiofos  imbres 
dejecit  proxima  ante  Eclipfim  hora  j ita  ut  Eclipfim 
alij  quidem  obfervari  polfe  pene  jam  defperarent,  alij 
verb  non  apparituram  fibi  gratularentur;  cum  ex  in- 
fperato  fub  ipfum  Eclipfis  initium  fiftere  pluvias,  fi- 
mulque  nubes  rarefcere  coeperunt,  ac  poll  hora  qua- 
drantem  per  rariora  nubila  nudis  oculis  fpe&abile  ap- 
parere  corpus  <W/s,fuperne  ex  parte  borea  non  nihil  ad 
dextram  feu  occidentem  verfus  Eclipfi  infedum  circiter 
fefquidigitum.  Igitur  purgata  e veftigio  area,  5C  ma- 
dore  utcunque  abfterfo  exprompfimus,  quod  pro  ob- 
fervatione  coram  fpe&atoribus  multis  cotnmonftranda 
praparaveramus  organon,  ad  fpeciem  Solis  fcilicet  per 
telefcopium  6 pedum  Sinicorum  excipiendam  in  ortho- 
gonaliter  fubjeQa  menfula  e eujus  centra  ad  amplitu- 
dinem  apparentis  fpeciei  accurate  defcriptus  erat  cir- 
culus  per  10  digitos  more  Sinico  divil'us.  Parati  quo- 
que  habebantur  in  charta  munda  plures  circuli  fimili- 
ter  divifi,  5c  fuper  ilium  fucceffive  applicandi,  in  qui- 
bus  prafignatae  erant  phafes  eclipticse  per  fingulos  digi- 
tos apparitura,  fecundum  inclinationes  Luna  ad  lineam 
verticalem  Solis.  Interim  verb  dum  Sol  tenues  nubes 
penitus  evinceret,  clareque  diftindatn  in  difco  fpeciem 
redderet,  aliud  ad  Solem  dirigebatur  telefcopium  z len- 

A a tibus 


( 180  ) 

bus  obje&ivis  inftructum,  in  ea  inter  ft  diftantia,  ut 
filare  reticulum  in  foco  telefcopij  difpofitutn,  pariter- 
que  per  10  digitos  divifum  exafte  quadraret  apparenti 
magnitudini  Solis , atque  per  iftud  primo  obfervatus 
fuic  appulfus  Luna. 

H.  • 

ii  40  a.  m.  ad  dig.  III.  id  eft  Europ.  dig.3  3 6 
11  $1  ad  dig.  IV.  4 48 

Poftea  clariffime  allucente  Sole  per  hujus  fpeciem 
indifco  notati  fuerunt  utfequitur. 

H.  4 

o  zp.  m.  ad  centrum  feu  d.  V.  Europ.d.  6 o 


o 14  ad  dig.  VI.  7 iz 

o 26  £ ad  dig.  VII.  8 24 

o 40  ad  dig.  VIII.  9 $6 

0 91  max.  Eclipf.  dig.  VIII.  * 9 54 

1 2 regreff.  ad  dig.  VIII.  9 36 

1 16  20''  ad  dig.  VII.  8 24 

1 27  50  ad  dig.  VI.  7 iz 


Dein  rurfus  tenui  nebula  involutus  Sol  fuam  fpeciem 
infufcavit,  telefcopio  tamen  prsfato  clare  vilibilis  ad 
cuius  reticulum  obfervatus  eft. 

H.  r 

1 39  p.  m.  receff.  ad  dig.  V.  feu  cent.  6 o 


1 50  ad  dig.  IV.  4 48 

20  ad  dig.  III.  3 35 

Iterum  emergens  e nebula  Sol  clariffimam  exhibuit 
fpeciem  ad  quam  porro  notati  funt. 

H.  ' " 

z 9 20  receff.  ad  dig.  II.  2 24 

2 18  20  ad  dig.  I.  1 12 

2 27  10  Finis  Ecliplis;  qui  itidem  per  aliud 

» . tele- 

. 


■J 


( .8,  )) 

telefcopium  cxcellens  14  pedum  Sinicorum  eodem  mo* 
mento  eft  annotates. 

Horologipm  denique  correxit,  atque  direx  it  Sol  ipfe 
turn  in  magtiQ  fciatherico,  armillaque  asquatoria  Ob- 
fervatorij  lingula  minuta  horaria  commonftrans,  turn 
per  captas  aliquot  altitudines  eadem  momenta  tempo- 
ris  comprob'ans. 

Prasterea  aliquot  Solis  macularum'  occultationes  & 
rete&iones  obfervate  funt.  Macula  major,  quas  erat 
in  ipfa  peripheria  dig. II.  ad  Nord-Oji,  immerfa  eft 
h.  o zz'  p.  mi  fequentes  alias  minores  ibidem  in- 
ter dig.  II.  Sc  I.  immerfe  funt  ia  h.  o 2,7'  $0" j z* 
h.  o 31'  40":  3ah.  o 37'  io"j  4a  h.  o 38'  3 Ma- 
culas  z inter  dig.  III.  Sc  IV.  verfus  Sud-Weft  reteftae 
funtunah.  1 18'  4^"  j>  altera  h.  i 13'  quarum 
immerfiones  non  funt  annotate.  Macula  4 ad  Nord- 
OJt  reteclas  fuerunt.  ia  h.  z zo'' j za  h. z 7'  30"  j 
3a  h.  z 11'  z5"j,  4ah.  z iz'  zy". 


. r n . 

E 

ii  X G 


Vide  Typum  Eclipfis  Fig.  V.  Tab.  Secunda;. 


V T 


( *8*  ) ) 

Immer [tones , atque  Enter /tones  SateUitum  Jovis  Ob* 
format  a ‘Pekini  a, P P.  Ignatio  Kegler,  & Andrea 
Pereyra  Soc.  JE  SU  a menfe  Dec.  1719. 

Sat elles  I. 


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( >85  ) 


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VI.  Part 


< »$4  ) 


VI.  Tart  of  a Letter  from  Tho  Short,  M.  T>. 
to  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  Tar1.  Tr.  <%.  S.  concern- 
ing an  extraordinary  Impoftumation  of  the 


***+**»•  Had  a Patient,  who  died  lately  of  an  Im- 
X pojtumation  of  the  Liver : 1 open’d  him, 
and  out  of.  the  lowt-ft  and  thinneft  Lobes  I took 
fix  Quarts  of  purulent,  thick,  mod  intolerably 
fetid,  reddilh- brown  Matter,  very  acid  ; for  no 
fooner  was  it  expofed  a little  to  the  open  Air,  than 
it  fermented  exceedingly.  The  Patient  had  drain- 
ed off  the  thinner  Part  the  laft  Week  of  his  Life 
by  violent  Vomiting ; and  purging  to  thirty  or  forty 
Stools  a Day,  and  as  many  Vomits,  it  was  thrown 
into  the  Duodenum  by  the  Duttus  Cholidocbus  com- 
munis, and  there  pumped  up  and  thrown  out,  both 
by  its  Sharpnefs  and  Stimulation.  All  the  upper 
Part  of  the  Liver  to  about  an  Inch  below  the  Gall- 
bladder was  found.  The  Tumour  had  fo  comprefled 
the  right  Kidney,  that  it  was  emaciated  away  t .els 
than  the  Glandula  Renalis.  * * * From, 


Liver, 


V-  „ V-  . 

; : ■ 

Honoured  Sir. 


Sheffield , June  n.  1731. 


SIR, 

Tour  mojl  obliged  humble  Servant , 

Tho.  Short. 


ERRATA. 

Numb* 417*  Page  3$. 1.  14.  for  p.  22.  readp,  19* 


fc. 

4% 


jjrkr: 


IS  vVirtOlD  *>■» 


Numb.  411. 

PHILOSOPHICAL 

TRANSACTIONS 

For  the  Months  of  October,  November  and 
December , 1731. 

The  CONTENTS. 

I.  A Propofal  of  a Method  for  finding  the  Longi- 
tude at  Sea  within  a Degree , or  twenty  Leagues. 
<By  Vr.  Edmund  Halley,  Aiftr.  Reg  Vice - 
Trefident  of  the  Royal  Society.  With  an  Ac- 
count of  the  Progrefs  he  hath  made  therein , by  a 
continued  Series  of  accurate  Obfervations  of  the 
Moon,  taken  by  himfelf  at  the  Royal  Obfer- 
vatory  at  Greenwich. 

II.  An  Account  of  the  Contrayerva,  by  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Houftoun,  Surgeon  in  the  Service  of  the 
Honourable  South- Sea  Company. 

III.  A Letter  from  Jacob  de  Caftro  Sarmiento, 

M.  D.  and  F.  <%.  S.  it,  . 11  Morti- 

mer, M.  T).  Secr.P^S.  concerning  Diamonds 
lately  found  in  Brazil. 

IV.  Viri  Celeberrimi  Johannis  Marchionis  Po- 
leni,  P(.  S.  S.  ad  Virum  'Doftijfimum  Jaco- 
bum  Jurinum,  M.  D.  P(.  S.  S.  Epiftola, 
qua  continetur  Summarium  Obfervationum 

Mete- 


The  CONTENTS. 

Meteorologicarum  per  fexennium  Patavij  ha- 
bit arum. 

V.  An  Account  of  a Book,  entitled,  J.  P.  Breynij, 
M.  D,  F.  5.  Or.  Hilloria  Naturalis 
Cocci  Radicum  Tin&orij,  quod  Poloni- 
cum  vulgo  audit.  4'°  Gedani,  >73 1.  Cum 
Figuris,  (By  Richard-Middieton  MalTey, 
M.  D.  F.  S.  and  Honorary  Fellow  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Phyjicians. 

VI.  A Botanical  Invitation  to  forward  an  Hi- 
ftory  of  the  Plants  of  Swiflerland  $ by  Dr,  John 
Jacob  Scheuchzer,  M.  D.  F.  5^.  5.  fent  to 
Sir  Hans  Sloane,  (Bar u <pr.  S.  to  be  com- 
municated to  the  Royal  Society.  Tranflated 
by  Mr.  Zollman,  F.  <%.  S. 

VII.  An  Account  of  what  appeared  moft  remarkable 
on  opening  the  Body  of  Ann  Edwards,  who 
died  January  yth,  17*1,  having  a large  Um he- 
lical Rupture.  Communicated  to  the  Society 
by  John  Ranby,  Efqy  Surgeon  to  his  Majeftys 
HouJhold}  and  F.  % S. 


( 1 8*  ) 

I.  A Propofal  of  a Method  for  finding  the  Longi- 
tude at  Sea  within  a Degree , or  twenty  Leagues. 
<By  Dr.  Edmund  Halley,  Aftr.  Reg.  Vice - 
[ Vrefident  of  the  Royal  Society.  With  an  Ac- 
count of  the  Progrefs  he  hath  made  therein , by  a 
continued  Series  of  accurate  Obfervations  of  the 
Moon,  taken  by  him/elf  at  the  Royal  Obfer- 
vatory  at  Greenwich. 

IT  is  now  above  twenty  Years  fince  I added  an 
appendix  to  the  fecond  Edition  of  Mr.  Street's 
Caroline  Tables , containing  a Set  of  Obfervati- 
ons I had  made  in  the  Years  1 68 3 and  1684,  for  af- 
certaining  the  Moon’s  Motion  ; and  giving  a .Specimen 
of  what  I thought,  at  that  Time,  might  be  the  only 
pradicable  Method  of  attaining  the  Longitude  at  Sea. 
What  I printed  fo  long  ago,  is  as  follows: 

«c  The  Advantages  of  the  Art  of  finding  the 
“ Longitude  at  Sea,  are  too  evident  to  need  any  Ar- 
« guments  to  prove  them.  And  having  by  my  own 
“ Experience  found  the  Impradicability  of  all  other 
“ Methods  propofed  for  that  Purpofe,  but  that  deri- 
“ ved  from  a perfeQ:  Knowledge  of  the  Moods  Moti - 
“ on ; I was  ambitious,  if  poflible,  to  overcome  the 
“ Difficulties  that  attend  the  Difcovery  thereof. 

“ And  firft,  I had  found  it  only  needed  a little 
“ Pradice  to  be  able  to  manage  a five  or  fix  Foot  Te- 
“ lefcope,  capable  of  fhewing  the  Appulfes  or  Occulta- 
u tions  of  the  Fix'd  Stars  by  the  Moon , on  Ship- 
“ board,  in  moderate  Weather ; efpecially  in  the  Firft 

B b “ and 


( 1 86  ) 

“ and  Laft  Quarters  of  the  Moot, h ^4ge,  when  her 
“ weaker  Light  does  not  fo  much  efface  that  of  the 
“ Stars.  Whereas  the  Eclipfes  of  the  Satellites  of 
“ Jupiter , how  proper  foever  for  Geographical 
“ Purpofes,  were  abfolutely  unfit  at  Sea,  as  requi- 
“ ring  Telefcopes  of  a greater  Length  than  can  well 

be  direfted  in  the  rolling  Motion  of  a Ship  in 
« the  Ocean. 

« Now  the  Motion  of  the  Moon  being  fo  fwift, 
**  as  to  afford  us  fcarce  ever  lefs  than  two  Minutes  for 
“ each  Degree  of  Longitude,  and  fom'etimes  two 
“ and  a half ; it  is  evident,  that  were  we  able  per- 
“ feftly  to  predift  the  true  Time  of  the  Appulfe  or 
“ Occultation  of  a Fix’d  Star,  in  any  known  Meridi- 
*c  an,  we  might,  by  comparing  therewith  the  Time  ob- 
“ ferved  on  Board  a Ship  at  Sea,  conclude  fafely  how 
« much  the  Ship  is  to  the  Eaftward  or  Weft  ward  of  the 
“ Meridian  of  our  Calculus. 

**  But  after  much  Examination,  and  carefully  col* 
“ lating  the  Caroline  Tables  of  Mr.  T.  Street  (though 
“ generally  better  than  thofe  that  went  before  him) 
“ as  likewife  thofe  of  Tycho , Kepler , BuTHaldus,  and 
“ our  Horrox , with  many  accurate  Obfervations  of 
“ the  Moon*  carefully  made  on  Land  j it  does  not  ap- 
‘‘  pear  that  any  of  thefe  Tables  do  reprefent  the  Moti- 
“ ons  with  the  Certainty  required  j and  though  many 
*«  times  the  Agreement  feems  furprizing,  when  the 
“ Errors  of  the  feveral  Equations  compenfate  one  ano- 
« ther ; yet  in  thofe  Parts  of  the  Drb  where  they 
“ all  fall  the  fame  Way,  the  Fault  is  intolerable,  and 
“ the  Refult  many  times  not  to  be  depended  on,  to 
“ more  than  one  hundred  Leagues  \ that  is  to  fay,  it  is 
“ wholly  infufficient. 

“ Yet 


( \%7  ) 

« Yet  (till  this  Fault  is  Artificis,  not  Artis  : For 
“ obferving  the  Period  of  the  Lunar  Inequalities * 
“ which  is  performed  in  eighteen  Years  and  eleven 
“ Days,  or  two  hundred  and  twenty-three  Lunatic 
“ ons  j it  is  found  that  the  Returns  of  the  Eclipfes,- 
“ and  other  Phenomena  of  the  Moon’s  Motion,  are 
« very  regularly  performed  ; fo  that  whatever  Error 
“ you  found  in  a former  Period,  the  fame  is  again  re-1 
“ peated  in  a fecond,  under  the  like  Circumftances  of 
“ the  fame  Diftance  of  the  Moon  from  the  Sun  and 
“ Apogaon, 

“ Thus,  from  the  Obfervation  made  of  theE- 
“ clipfe  of  the  Sun,  which  was  June  zz,  1 666,  in 
“ the  Morning,  feen  at  London  and  Dantzick , I 
“ was  enabled  to  predict,  with  great  Certainty,  that 
“ other,  which  I obferved  July  z,  1684,  by  al- 
“ lowing  the  fame  Error  I found  in  the  Calculus 
“ of  the  former.  And  the  like  with  equal  Certainty 
‘‘  will  do,  in  the  Cafes  extra  Syzygias,  when  the 
“ Mean  and  Synodical  Anomolies  are  nearly  the 
“ fame,  about  the  fame  time  of  the  Year. 

“ Being  thus  affured,  from  the  Certainty  of  thefe 
“ Revolutions,  that  all  the  intermediate  Errors  of  our 
“ fables  were  not  uncertain  Wandring?,  but  regular 
“ Faults  of  the  Theories ; I next  thought  how  I might 
“ beft  be  informed  of  the  Quantity  and  Places  of  thefe 
*«  Defers:  That  being  apprized  how  much,  and  which 
‘‘  Way  my  Numbers  erred,  I might  apply  the  Dif- 
“ ference,  fo  as  at  all  times  to  reprefent  the  true  Mo- 
fc  tion  of  the  Moon.  Nor  was  there  any  other  Way, 
<c  but  from  the  Heavens  themfelves,  to  derive  this 
“ Correftion,  by  a fedulous  and  continued  Series 

B b % “of 


( 1 8 8 ) 

“ of  Obfervations,  to  be  collated  with  the  Calculus, 
“ and  the  Errors  noted  in  an  abacus : From  whence, 
“ at  all  Times,  under  the  like  Situation  of  the  Sun 
“ and  Moon , I might  take  out  the  Corre&ion  to  be 
“ allowed. 

“ And  having  by  me  the  Sextant  I made  to 
“ obferve  the  Southern  Stars  at  St.  Helena , in 
“ the  Year  1677,  I fixed  it  for  this  Purpofej  re- 
“ folving  to  have  continued  to  obferve,  till  I had 
“ filled  my  Abacus , fo  as  it  might  have  the  Effed 
**  of  exa£t  Lunar  fables,  capable  to  ferve  at  :Sea, 
“ for  finding  the  Longitude  with  the  defired  Cer- 
tainty. 

i(  With  this  Defigns  I applied  the  Leifure  I had 
“ procured  myfeif  about  the  Year  1683,  to  obferve  di- 
“ ligently,  as  often  as  the  Heavens  would  permit,  the 
“ true  Place  of  the  Moon,  efpecially  as  to  Longitude  \ 
“ and  in  the  Space  of  about  fixteen  Months  I had 
“ gotten  near  two  hundred  feveral  Days  Obfervations, 
“ molt  of  which  I collated  with  the  Horroxian 
“ Theory  ( whofe  Calculus  is  fomething  more  com- 
“ pendious  than  that  of  Mr.  Street J and  having  pla- 
“ ced  the  Errors  in  an  Abacus , I perceived  how  re- 
“ gular  the  Irregularities  were,  and  that  where  the 
“ Moon  had  been  exactly  obferved  formerly,  at  the 
Diftance  of  one  or  more  Periods  of  two  hundred 
“ twenty-three  Months*  I could  even  predict  the 
“ Error  of  the  fables,  with  a Certainty  not  much 
•“  inferior  to  that  of  the  Obfervations  themfeives. 
“ But  this  Defign  of  mine  was  foon  interrupted  by 
*£  unforefeen  domeftick  Occafions,  which  obliged  me 
“ to  poftpone  all  other  Gonfiderations  to  that  of  the 

a De- 


( l89  ) 

« Defence  of  my  Patrimony:  And,  fince  then,  my 
« frequent  Avocations  have  not  permitted  me  to  re- 
“ affume  thefe  Thoughts. 

“ In  the  mean  time  I have  taken  Care  toprefent  my 
« Obfervations,  fuch  as  they  are,  to  the  Publick,  in 
“ order  to  preferve  them  ; alluring,  that  as  on  the 
“ one  Hand  they  were  made  with  a very  fufficient  In~ 
“ Jtrument)  with  all  the  Care  and  Diligence  requifite; 
“ fo  in  the  remote  Voyages  I have  fince  taken  to  af- 
“ certain  the  Magnet ick  Variations , they  have  been 
“ of  fignal  Ufe  to  me,  in  determining  the  Longitude 
“ of  my  Ship,  as  often  as  I could  get  Sight  of  a 
« near  Tranjite  of  the  Moon  by  a known  Fix'd 
“ Star  : And  thereby  I have  frequently  corrected 

u my  Journal  from  thofe  Errors  which  are  unavoid- 
“ able  in  long  Sea»Reckonings. 

“ If  therefore  you  happen  at  Sea  to  obferve  nice- 
“ ly  the  Time  of  an  Occupation  or  clofe  Applica- 
“ t ion  of  a Star  to  the  Moon  ; andean  find  a cor- 
“ refpondent  Obfervation,  about  the  fame  mean  Ano- 
“ maly  and  Diftance  of  the  Moon  from  the  Sun  (either 
“ among  thefe  of  mine,  or  ih  any  other  Colleftion 
“ of  Obfervations  accurately  made)  efpecially  near 
“ the  fame  Time  of  the  Year ; and,  above  all,  after 
“ the  aforefaid  Period  of  eighteen  Years  and  eleven 
“ Days,  you  may,  without  fenfible  Error,  from 
“ thence  pronounce  in  what  Meridian  your  Ship  is  y 
“ taking  Care  in  fo  operofe  a Calculation,  to  commit 
“ no  Miftake  ; and,  notwithstanding  the  Dire£tion 
“ the  Moon  gives  you,  not  confiding  fo  much  there- 
“ in  as  to  omit  any  of  the  ufual  Precautions  to  preferve 
“ a Ship  when  fhe  approaches  the  Land. 

I had 


( '9°  ) 

(e  I had  intended  to  infift  more  largely  upon  this 
“ Method  of  obtaining  the  Moon’s  ¥ Lace,  and,  by 
“ Confequence,  the  Longitude  at  Sea , but  that  I 
“ find,  that  it  requires  a juft  Treatife,  too  long  to 
‘e  be  here  fubjoined : And,  more  efpecially,  that 

“ the  great  Sir  Ifaac  Newton  (to  whom  no  Ma- 
“ thematical  Difficulty  is  infuperable ) has  been 
“ pleafed  to  give  us  a True  and  Thyfical  Theory  of 
u the  Moon’s  Motions,  whereby  the  Defedts  of  all 
“ former  Tables  are  fo  fir  amended,  that  it  is  hoped 
“ the  Error  may  fcarce  ever  exceed  three  Minutes  of 
“ Motion,  or  fo  little  in  Longitude  j that,  perhaps, 
“ it  may  be  thought  a fufficient  Exadtnefs  for  all  the 
<c  Ufes  of  Navigation.  If  therefore  what  is  here  otfer- 
“ ed  find  a kind  Acceptance  from  thofe  that  it  chiefly 
“ concerns,  I fliall  be  encouraged  to  proceed  on  a 
“ Work  I have  long  meditated,  to  improve  the  above- 
£‘  mentioned  5 Period,  as  to  the  abbreviating  the  Com- 
“ putation  of  Eclipfes , and,  in  general,  to  facilitate 

the  too  laborious  Calculation  of  the  Moon’s  Tlace 
“ extra  Syzygias. 

Not  long  after  her  late  Majefty  Queen  Anne  was 
pleafed  to  beftow  upon  the  Publick,  an  Edition  of 
the  much  greater,  and  mod  valuable  Part  of  Mr. 
Flamjleed’ s Obfervations ; by  Help  of  which  the  great 
Sir  Ifaac  Newton  had  formed  his  curious  Theory 
of  the  Moon,  a firft  Sketch  of  which  was  inferted 
by  Dr.  David  Gregory  in  his  AJironomia  Thy  fie te 
& Geometric a Element  a,  pubiiffied  at  Oxford , 
1701  j and  again,  in  the  fecond  Edition  of  Sir  Ifaac  s 
Trincipia , which  came  out  in  1713,  we  have  the 

fame 


( «pt  ) 

fame  revifed  and  amended  by  himfelf,  to  that  De* 
gree  of  Exadnefs,  that  the  Faults  of  the  Computus 
formed  therefrom  rarely  exceed  a quarter  Part  of 
what  is  found  in  the  belt  Lunar  Tables  before  that 
Time  extant. 

Being  thus  provided  with  proper  Materials,  viz. 
a large  Set  of  Obfervations,  and  a Theory  of  the 
Motions  fo  very  near  the  Truth,  I refumed  my  for- 
mer Defign  of  filling  up  my  Abacus  or  Synopjis  of 
the  Defeds  of  this  Lunar  Theory,  and  made  fables 
to  expedite  the  Calculus  according  thereto,  and  com- 
pared the  Numbers  thereof  with  many  of  the  moft 
certain  of  Mr.  Flamjieed'i  Places  obferved.  By  this 
it  was  evident  that  Sir  1/aac  had  fpared  no  Part  of 
that  Sagacitv  and  Induftry  fo  peculiar  to  himfelf,  in 
fettling  the  Epoches , and  other  Elements  of  the  Lu- 
nar AJlronomy , the  Refult  many  times,  for  whole 
Months  together,  rarely  differing  two  Minutes  of  Mo- 
tion from  the  Obfervations  themfelves ; nor  is  it  un- 
likely but  good  Part  of  that  Difference  may  have 
been  the  Fault  of  the  Obferver.  And  where  the  Er- 
rors were  found  greater,  it  was  in  thofe  Parts  of  the 
Lunar  Orb  where  Mr.  Flamjleed  had  very  rarefy 
given  himfelf  the  Trouble  of  obferving  ; viz.  in  the 
third  and  fourth  Quarter  of  the  Moon' s Age,  where 
fometimes  thefe  Differences  would  amount  to  at  lead 
five  Minutes. 

Mr.  Flamjleed  was  long  enough  pofieffed  of  the 
Royal  Obfervatory  to  have  had  a continued  Series  of 
Obfervations  for  more  than  two  Feriods  of  eighteen 
Years  j by  which  he  had  it  in  his  Power  to  have 
done  all  that  could  be  expeded  from  Gbfervation, 

towards 


( 1 9*  ) 

towards  difcovering  the  Law  of  the  Lunar  Motions . 
But  he  contented  himfelf  with  fparfe  Obfervations, 
leaving  wide  Gaps  between,  fo  as  to  omit  frequently 
whole  Months  together ; and  in  one  Cafe  the  whole 
Year  1716.  So  that  notwithftanding  what  he  has  left 
us  rauft  be  acknowledged  more  than  equal  to  all  that 
was  done  before  him,  both  as  to  the  Number  and  Ac- 
curacy of  his  Accounts  ; yet  for  want  of  an  uninter- 
rupted Succeflion  of  them,  they  are  not  capable  of 
difcovering,  in  the  feveral  Situations  of  the  Lunar 
Orbit , what  Corrections  are  neceffary  to  be  allowed, 
to  fupply  the  Deficiencies  of  our  Computus. 

On  Mr,  Flamjieed’ s Deceafe,  about  the  Beginning 
of  the  Year  1 710,  his  late  Ma jelly  King  George  I. 
was  gracioufly  pleafed  to  bellow  upon  me  the  agreea- 
ble Poll  of  his  Aftronomical  Obferver , exprelly 
commanding  me  to  apply  my  felf  with  the  utmoft 
Care  and  Diligence  to  the  rectifying  the  Tables  of 
the  Motions  of  the  Heavens , and  the  Places  of  the 
Fix  d Stars , in  order  to  find  out  the  fo  much  defired 
Longitude  at  Sea , for  the  perfecting  the  Art  of 
Navigation.  Thefe  are  the  W ords  of  my  Commif- 
fion  •,  and  here  I might  have  thought  myfelf  in  a Con- 
dition to  put  in  Execution  my  long  projeded  Defign 
of  compleating  my  Abacus , or  Table  of  the  Defers 
of  our  Lunar  Numbers ; but  on  taking  Polfellion,  I 
found  the  Obfervatory  wholly  unprovided  of  Injiru • 
ments , and  indeed  of  every  thing  elfe  that  was 
moveable,  which  pollponed  my  Endeavours  till  fudi 
Time  as  I could  furnilh  myfelf  with  an  Apparatus 
capable  of  the  Exadnefs  requilite.  And  this  was  the 
more  grievous  to  me,  on  account  of  my  advanced 


( TP?  ) 

Age,  being  then  in  my  fixty-fourth  Year,  which  put 
me  paft  all  Hopes  of  ever  living  to  fee  a compleat 
Period  of  eighteen  Years  Obfervation. 

But,  Thanks  to  G o d,.  he  has  been  pleafed  hitherto 
to  afford  me  fufficient  Health  and  Vigour  to  execute 
my  Office  in  all  its  Parts  with  my  own  Hands  and 
Eyes,  without  any  Affiftance  or  Interruption,  during 
one  whole  Period  of  the  Moon’s  Apogee  j which  Peri- 
od is  performed  in  fotnewhat  lefs  than  nine  Years. 
In  this  Time  I have  been  able  to  obferve  the  Right 
Afcenfon  of  the  Moon  at  her  Tranfit  over  the  Me- 
ridian, near  fifteen  hundred  times  (and  with  an  Ex- 
act fiefs,  I am  bold  to  fay,  preferable  to  any  thing  done 
before)  a Number  not  lefs  than  thofe  of  the  noble 
Tycho  Brahe , Hevelius  and  Flamjteed , taken  in  one 
Sum,  there  being  near  four  of  my  Lunar  Obfervati- 
ons  for  each  Degree  of  the  Zodiack,  as  alfo  for  each 
Degree  of  the  Argumentum  annuum,  or  Diftance  of 
the  Sun  from  the  Moon’s  Apogee.  And  that  thefe 
might  be  duly  applied  to  rectify  the  Defers  of  our 
Computations , I have  myfelf  compared  with  the  afore- 
mentioned Tables,  made  according  to  Sir  Ifdac’s 
Principles,  not  only  my  own  Obfervations,  but  alfo 
above  eight  hundred  of  Mr.  Flamfieed’s. 

This  Comparijon  of  my  own  Obfervations  (from 
the  Time  I efteem  them  compleat)  with  the  Compu- 
tus by  the  faid  Tables,  being  now  continued  for  above 
nine  Years,  I defign  fpeedily  to  communicate  it  to  the 
Publick,  together  with  the  Tables  themfelves,  which 
have  been  printed,  and  fhould  long  fince  have  been 
publifhed,  had  not  my  Poll  at  Greenwich  given  me 
an  Opportunity  to  examine,  with  proper  Nicety,  in 

C c what 


( »P4  ) 

what*  Parts  of  the  Lunar  Orb,  and  how  much,  our 
Numbers  erred.  So  ufeful  an  Addition  as  this,  it  is 
hoped  may  fully  anfwer  the  long  delayed  Expectation 
fome  Perfons  may  have  had  of  feeing  the  Paid  Tables 
fooner.  By  Means  thereof,  thofe  that  are  qualified 
may,  if  they  pleafe,  examine  by  their  own  Obferva- 
tion  the  Truth  of  what  is  here  afferted. 

Comparing  likewife  many  of  the  mod  accurate  of 
Mr.  Ylamjteedy  made  eighteen  or  thirty-fix  Years  be- 
fore (that  is  one  or  two  Periods  before  mine)  with 
thofe  of  mine  which  tallied  with  them,  I had  the  Sa- 
tisfaction to  find  that  what  I had  propofed  in  1710 
was  fully  verified  f and  that  the  Errors  of  the  Cal- 
culus in  1^90  and  1708,  for  Example,  differed  in- 
fenfibly  from  what  I found  in  the  like  Situation  of 
the  Sun  and  Apogee,  in  the  Year  17 16.  The  great 
Agreement  of  the  Theory  with  the  Heavens  compen- 
fating  the  Differences  that  might  otherwife  arife  from 
the  Incommenfurability  and  Excentricity  of  the  Mo- 
tions of  the  Sun,  Moon  and  Apogee. 

Encouraged  by  this  Event,  I next  examined  what 
Differences  might  arife  from  the  Period  of  nine  Years 
wanting  nine  Days,  in  which  Time  there  are  performed 
very  nearly  one  hundred  and  eleven  Lunations , or  Re- 
turns of  the  Moon  to  the  Sun  ; but  the  Return  of  the 
Sim  to  the  Mpogee  in  that  Time  differing  above  four 
times  as  much  from  an  exad  Revolution  as  in  the  Peri- 
od of  eighteen  Years,  I could  not  expeft  the  like  Agree- 
ment in  that.  However,. having  now  entered  upon  the 
tenth  Year,  X compared  what  I had  obferved  in  the 
Years  1721  and  1722,.  with  my  late  Obfervations  of 
1:730  and  1.7.3 13, and  have  rarely  found  a Difference  of 

0 'J  more 


c yn  d 

inore  than  one  fingle  Minute  of  Motion  (Part  of 
which  may  probably  arife  from  the  fmall  Uncertainty 
that  always  attends  Agronomical  Obfervation)  but 
rnoft  commonly  this  Difference  was  wholly  infenfible ; 
fo  that  by  the  Help  of  what  I obferved  in  lyn, 
•I  prefume  I am  able  to  compute  the  true  Place  of 
the  Moon  with  Certainty,  within  the  Compafs  of  two 
Minutes  of  her  Motion,  during  this  prefent  Year 
173 1,  and  fo  for  the  future.  This  is  the  Exadnefs  re- 
quifite  to  determine  the  Longitude  at  Sea  to  twenty 
Leagues  under  the  Equator,  and  to  lefs  than  fifteen 
Leagues  in  the  Britijh  Channel. 

It  remains  therefore  to  confider  after  what  Manner 
Obfervations  of  the  Moon  may  be  made  atSea  with  the 
fame  Degree  of  Exaftnefs : But  fince  our  worthy 

Vice-Prefident  John  Hadley , Efq;  (to  whom  we  are 
highly  obliged  for  his  having  perfeded  and  brought  in- 
to common  Ufe  the  Rejle thing  Telefcope ) has  been 
pleafed  to  communicate  his  mod  ingenious  Invention 
of  an  Inftrument  for  taking  the  Angles  with  great 
Certainty  by  Refleftion,  {Vide  Jranfaft.  N°  42.0.)  it 
is  more  than  probable  that  the  fame  may  be  applied  to 
taking  Angles  at  Sea  with  the  defired  Accuracy. 


II.  An  Account  of  the  Contrayerva,  hy  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Houftoun,  Surgeon  in  the  Service  of  the 
Honourable  South-Sea  Company. 

CONfRH  7 ERVA  is  a Spanijb  Word,  fig- 
nifying  as  much  as  Herha  contra  [_V eneria]  or  an 
Herb  againft  Poifons.  And  as  there  are  in  all  Countries 

Cc  1 different 


( 1 96  ) 

different  Plants  to  which  that  Virtue  is  afcribed,  the 
Name  of  Contrayerva  feems  to  have  been  given  by 
the  Spaniards  to  as  many  of  them  as  have  come  un- 
der their  Knowledge  ; for  Hernandez  has  defcribed  a 
Species  of  Granadilla  by  that  Name,  and  there  are: 
feveral  other  Roots  that  are  commonly  known  by  it : 
But  far  from  pretending  to  give  a Hiftory  of  all  thofe 
Roots,  I only  offer  a fhort  Account  of  that  Plant 
whofe  Root  is  called  Contrayerva  here  in  England , 
and  is  fo  well  known  to  all  that  any  way  deal  in  Me* 
dicines. 

The  Root  itfelf  being  fo  commonly  known,  it  would 
be  fuperfluous  to  defcribe  it,  I fhall  therefore  confine 
myfelf  to  the  Defcription  of  the  Plant  that  produces 
it,  which  I have  not  hitherto  met  with  to  my  Satis- 
faction in  any  Author. 

Father  Plumier,  in  his  Book  entituled,  Nova  Plan- 
tarum  Americanarum  Genera , defcribes  a Genus 
which  he  calls  Dorjlenia , whereof  I have  found  two 
Species  in  the  Wejl -Indies , the  Roots  of  which  are 
gathered  and  exported  indifferently,  as  being  very 
much  alike,  both  in  Appearance  and  Virtues.  One  0^ 
thefe'  I think  may  be  called 

Dorjlenia  ,Dentari<er.  radices  Sphondylii  folio , 
placenta  ovali,  Fig  7.  And  the  other 

Dorjtenia  Dent  art#  radices  folio  minus  lac'miato, 
placenta  qmdrangulari  & undul at  a,  Fig.  II. 

The  firfl  Kind  feems  to  be  the  fuzpdflDoi 
Hernandez, pag.  147.  Its  Roots,  which  ate._$e- 
rennial,  put  forth  in  the  Month  of  May  ( or  as 

foon 


( '97  ) 

foon  as  it  happens  to  rain)  each  fix  or  eight  Leaves 
four  or  five  Inches  long,  and  as  many  broad,  cut  into 
feVeral  Segments  almoft  as  deep  as  the  middle  Rib, 
fomewhat  after  the  Manner  of  the  Sphondylium: 
They  ftand  upon  Footftalks  five  or  fix  Inches  long } 
and  from  the  Middle  of  them  come  forth  other  Foot- 
ftalks fomewhat  longer,  fuftaining  each  a ftrangeSort 
of  Body,  flat,  and  fituated  vertically,  or  with  one 
Edge  uppermoft,  which  I have  called  Placenta . In 
this  Species  it  is  of  an  oval  Figure,  with  its  longer 
Axis  parallel  to  the  Footftalk.  One  fide  of  it  is 
fmooth  and  green  like  the  outfide  of  the  C'alix  in 
other  Plants ; but  from  the  other  arife  a great  many 
fmall  yellow  coloured  Apices ; and  after  they  are  gone, 
many  fmall  roundilh  Seeds  begin  to  appear,  which 
when  ripe  are  fomewhat  like  thofe  of  Gromwell  or 
Lithofpermon . It  grows  in  the  Kingdom  of  New 
Spain,  near  old  Vera  Cruz,  on  the  high  Ground,  by 
the  Side  of  the  River. 

The  fecond  Kind  has  much  the  fame  Number  of 
Leaves  growing  from  each  Root,  as  the  former  ; but 
of  a different  Figure,  for  forne  of  them  are  entire,  and 
lhaped  like  thole  of  a Violet , others  angular,  like 
Leaves  of  Ivy , and  fome  almoft  as  much  divided  as 
the  Leaves  of  the  common  Maple.  They  are  thin, 
and  of  a dark  green  Colour,  and  fmooth,  or  have  only  a 
few  fcarce  perceptible  Hairs  on  the  Back.  The  Pedicles 
that  fuftain  the  Flowers  arife  immediately  from  the 
Root  as  in  the  other  Species,  and  attain  to  the  fame 
Height  of  fix  or  eight  Inches.  But  the  Placenta 
which  fuftains  the  Flowers,  is  in  this  Kind  Quadran- 
gular, waved  about  the  Edges,  and  broader  tranfverfly 

than 


( ' $>  8 ) 

than  vertically.  Yet  the  Flowers  and  Seeds  themfelves 
are  perfectly  the  fame  as  in  the  other.  This  fecond 
Kind  grows  plentifully  on  the  high  rocky  Grounds 
about  Campecby,  where  I gathered  it  in  Perfection  in 
the  Beginning  of  November , 1730. 

I cannot  guefs  why  Father  Plumier  has  called  this 
a monopetalous  Plant  , for  that  which  he  calls  the 
Pet  alum , and  I the  Placenta , is  of  a green  Colour, 
and  (which  is  of  more  Confequence)  fuftains  the 
Seeds  when  ripe,  and  never  envelops  the  Organs  of 
Generation  when  young  •,  fo  that  I think  it  can  by  no 
Means  be  called  a Petalum,  nor  even  properly  a Ca- 
lix,  and  therefore  I have  given  it  the  Name  of  Placen- 
ta, whofe  Office  it  certainly  performs.  • 

I have  not  been  able  to  obferve  exaCtly  the  Structure 
of  the  Organs  of  Generation,  becaufe  of  their  excef- 
five  Smallnefs;  but  they  appear  to  the  naked  Eye  as 
they  are  reprefented  in  the  Figures  I have  given  of 
them,  and  in  Plum.  N.G.  Tab.  8.  Th  t Dor  ft eni a 
Sphondy'lii  folio  Dentarhe  radice,  of  Plumier , difv 
fers  from  both  of  mine  ; for  in  his  Drawings  done 
by  Order  of  the  late  King  of  France , whereof  I have 
feen  a Copy  in  the  Collection  of  the  late  Dr.  Sberard , 
the  Leaves  are  reprefented  ferrated,  the  Placenta  qua- 
drangular, and  the  Roots  confifting  of  feveral  Knobs 
tied  together  Lengthways^  From  which  laft  Particu- 
lar, lam  perfwaded  that  the  Root  of  that  Species  is 
the  Drakena  Radix,  mentioned  by  Clu/ius  in  his 
Exoticks , pag.  83. 


HI.  A 


C * 99  ) 


III.  A Letter  from  Jacob  de  Caftro  Sarmento, 
M.  T>.  and  F.  %.  S.  to  Cromwell  Morti- 
mer, M.  T>.  Seer.  5.  concerning  Diamonds 
lately  found  in  Brazil. 

SIR, 

HAVING  an  Opportunity  of  difeourfing  with  a 
Gentleman  recommended  to  me,  that  came  from 
the  Gold  Mines  in  Brazil  belonging  to  the  King  of 
Portugal,  and  brought  many  Diamonds  of  confidera- 
ble  Value,  lately  found  in  thofe  Places,  I thought  pro- 
per to  defire  of  him  an  Account  of  the  lame,  being  the 
fitteft  Perfon  to  deferibe  every  minute  Circumftance  of 
it,  as  one  that  has  liv’d,  and  digg’d  Gold  there  for  thefe 
fifteen  Years  laft  paft ; and  he  having  obliged  me  with 
the  faid  Account,  in  the  Portugueze  Tongue,  I think 
it  will  not  be  unacceptable  to  the  Society,  if  you  will 
be  fo  good  as  to  offer  the  Tranflation  of  it,.,  which  is 
as  follows : 

In  the  Prince’s  Town,  Capital  of  the  County  do, 
Serro  do  Frio,  belonging  to  the  Government  of  the 
Gold  Mines,  there  is  a Place  near  the  faid  Town 
called  by  the  Natives  Cay  the  Merin,  where  they  ufed 
to  dig  Gold  for  many  Years,  as  alfo  from  a fmall  Ri- 
ver called  do  Milho  Verde.  TheMiners  that  digg’d 
Gold  in  thofe  Places  did  turn  up  the  Ground  and  Sands 
of  the  Banks  of  the  faid  River,  to  extract  the  Gold 
therefrom,  and  by  fo  doing  found  feveral  Diamonds,. 

which 


2i 


( 200  ) 

which  then  they  did  not  prize  as  fuch ; for  fome  of  tlte 
Miners  kept  feveral  Stones  for  their  Figure  and  Curi- 
ofity,  which  Stones  (though  fo  valuable)  by  Length  of 
Time  they  negleded  and  loft,  and  did  the  fame  till 
the  Year  17x8,  at  which  Time  one  of  the  Miners 
lately  coming  to  work  there,  and  better  acquainted, 
deemed  them  to  be  Diamonds,  made  Experiments  up- 
on them,  and  finding  them  really  fo,  began  to  feekfor 
them  in  the  fame  Ground  and  Sand,  where  the  former 
Miners  had  ignorantly  left  them,  fo  did  the  reft  of  the 
People  follow  his  Example. 

After  they  had  thoroughly  examined  the  Places 
aforefaid,  they  began  to  fearch  for  them  in  the  River 
itfelf,  and  do  actually  find  Diamonds  there,  but  with 
more  Trouble  and  Difficulty  ; for  in  the  former 
Places  they  found  them  together  among  the  Earth 
and  Sand,  as  they  lay ; but  in  the  River,  as  the  Sand 
is  more  difperfed,  they  lie  farther  from  one  another. 

Experience  and  common  Reafon  teaches  the  People 
there,  that  thefe  Diamonds  came  from  another  Place 
by  the  Current  of  the  Waters,  and  are  not  the  natural 
Product  of  the  Situation  where  they  now  are  found. 

They  are  ufing  all  poflible  Diligence  to  find  out  the 
Place  where  they  grow.  They  have  not  yet  difcover- 
ed  it ; but  their  great  Hopes  are  very  much  encoura- 
ged upon  the  Account  of  having  near  the  faid  Situati- 
on feveral  Mountains,  where  nothing  is  to  be  feen  but 
fine  folid  Chryftal  Rocks. 

The  Diamonds  that  have  been  found,  are  common- 
ly from  one  Grain  to  fix  Carrats,  fome  larger,  and 
among  thefe  one  of  forty-five  Carrats.  The  Colour, 
Solidity,  and  reft  of  their  Properties  are  the  fame  as 

the 


( *01  ) 

the  Oriental  ones;  only  it  was  obferved,  that  thofe 
Diamonds  that  lay  more  faperficially,  and  expofed  to 
the  Air  and  Sun  were  more  fcurfy,  and  by  Confequence 
loft  more  by  polilhing  than  the  other. 

SIR, 

Tour  mojt  obliged  humble  Servant, 

, • 

Jacob  de  Sarmento. 


IV.  Viri  Cekbenimi  Johannis  Marchionis  Po- 
leni,  vS.  5.  ad  Yirum  Docliffimum  Jaco- 
bum  Jurinum,  M.  D.  5.  5.  Epiftola, 
qua.  continetur  Summarium  Obfervadonum 
Meteorologicarum  per  Jexennmm  Patavij  ba- 
- hitarum. 

JA  M ante  viginti  ferme  annos  coeperam  Meteorolo- 
gfcas  Ephemerides  ex  obfervationibus  rneis,  hie 
Patavij,  confcribere ; plures  tamen  in  adverfariis 
meis  inerant  lacunae  (varias  ob  cauftas,  praefertim 
quod  faepe  ab  urbe  abeffe  cogerer)  visa  autem  Invi- 
tatione  tud , Ornatiflime  Vir,  ad  Obfervationes  Me- 
teor ologic  as  communi  conftlio  injlituendas , quam 
Londini  Anno  hujufee  feculi  vigefimo  quarto  edidifti, 
rem  inpofterum  diligenter  curare  inftitui  ad  exemplar, 
quod  eadem  in  Invitatione  dedifti ; domefticamque  fe- 

D d dulara 


( 201  ) 

dulam  vicariam  operam  inftruxi ; ne,  fiabefiem,  filum 
obfervationum  unquam  abrumperetur. 

Praecipua  eorum,  quae  obfervavi,  conjun&a  atque 
inter  fefe  comparata  in  Epiftola  hlc  reperies ; quorum 
inulta  ad  normam  praeceptorum,  ex  tui  Invitatione  pro- 
ficifcentium  exarata  funt.  Obfervationum  autem  re- 
peries collationem,  quoad  pertinet  ad  Naturalem  Aeris 
Hiftoriam^  quemadmodum  Tu  confilio  optimo  prae* 
cepifti : Theoremata  vero  obfervationibus  iifdem  haud- 
quaquam  inaedificavi.  Perfuafum  etenim  mihi  eft, 
perperam  agere  Architefitos,  qui  Aediticia  inchoant, 
antequam  fatis  materiae  ad  aedificandum  praefto  fit  j 
atque  ita  etiam  ad  phyfica  fyftemata  condenda,  nimium 
agi  periculofe,  fi  haec  incipiantur,  et  tamen  defit  tanta 
obfervationum  copia,  quanta  veritati  firmandae  fuffici- 
at ; porro  vel  in  his  materiam  deficere,  plane  eft  di- 
cendum.  Praeftat  itaque  obfervationes  congerere, 
quarum  ufus  aliquando  fortaffe  prodibit.  Atque  erit 
fane  perutile,  turn  meteororum  novifle  hiftoriam  j 
turn  etiam,  ne  in  errores  incidamus,  a certis  effe&ibus 
ad  eorundem  cauflas  poife  aliquando  confcendere. 

Neque  tamen  me  latet,  totum  hoc  obfervationum 
genus  a nonnullis  plane  defpici,  cum  vix  ulla  prae- 
fens  habeatur  utilitas ; futura  vero  et  dubia,  et  valde 
remota  elTe  videatur.  At  etiam  Pofterorum  gloriae, 
atque  utilitati  litandum  eft : et  fane  decet  ferere  arbo- 
•res,  quae  alteri  feculo  profint:  eafque  faepe  ferit  dili- 
gens  agricola,  quarum  afpiciet  baccham  ipfenunqu3m. 
Atque,  ut  fimilitudine  utamur  rei  noftrae  convenienti- 
ore,  quis  credat  quidpiam  certi  invenifle  primos  illos 
Saturniae  Stellae  contemplatores  fpatio  unius  conver- 
fionis  Stellae  ejufdem,  hoc  eft,  triginta  annorum  fpa- 

• tio ; 


( 10l  ) 

tio ; , cum  Stellam  illatn  aliquando  motu"  fuo  ab  oc- 
cafu  in  ortum  proficifci,  aliquando  ab  ortuin  occa- 
fum  regredi,  aliquando  fixam  veluti  eife,  modo  velo- 
cem,  lardam  modo,  confpexere.  Pluribus  tamen  con- 
verfionibus  tolerantius  obfervatis,compertae  funtcertae 
veraeque  leges  motuum  Stellae  illius  atque  velocita- 
tum.  Porro  abfit,  ut  Meteoris  tantum  tribuam  con- 
ftantiae,  quantum  Stellarum  converfionibus  tribuen- 
dum  eft : at  eximias  aliquas  etiam  in  illis  (ut  appel- 
lant) regulas  pro  tempeftatum  atque  regionum  varie- 
tate  inelfe,  creatarum  rerum  omnium  harmonia  fumma 
non  fuadet  modo,  verum  etiam  perfuadet. 

Et,  utcumque  tandem  fit,  fatisfaciendum  fane  eft 
etiam  iis,  qui  plane  credunt  ex  longa,  neque  inter- 
rupt;! obfervationum  ferie  poft'e  futuris  temporibus  uti- 
les aliquas  cognitiones  proficifci.  Et  quidem  perinde 
utile  erit  fi  in  meteoris,  vel  aliquae  certae  naturae 
leges,  vel  perpetuae  aliae  quaedam  naturae  variationes, 
longo’  temporis  traftu,  detegentur.  Haec  autem 
pauilo  fufius  fum  perfecutus,  ut  ex  his  liquido  Tibi 
appareret,  Invitationem  tuam  a me  lubenti  animo  fu- 
iffe  fufceptam  j plurimique  a me  fieri,  certa.  de  caufsa, 
vel  hanc  partem  ftudiorum,  in  quae  incumbit  Illuftris 
florentiffima  ifta  Regalis  Societas  fundata  ad  promo- 
vendam  Philofophiam,  quam  novis  jugiter  inventis, 
miroque  optimarum  artium  cultu  in  dies  illuftrat. 

Nunc  propius  ad  rem  ipfam  accedendo,  nonnulla 
fubjiciam  monita  ad  res  ennarrandas  fpeftantia.  Ita- 
que  in  primis  animadvertam,  in  tempore  connotando, 
me  diei  cujufque  initium  a meridie,  ut  Aftronomi 
confuevere,{'upputavifle : Obfervationefque  inEpheme- 
ridum  meteorologicarum  adverfaria  referendas  pauilo 

D d i poft 


( 204  ) 

poft  meridiem  inftituiffe  ; nifi  quidpiam  me  aliquando 
impedivit,  aut  tempeftas  aliqua  a propofito  me  iilo  ab- 
duxit. 

Veteri  autem  Stylo  in  temporibus  defignandis,  et 
in  menfuris  Anglico  Pede  ejufque  Partibus,  me  ufuin 
fuifle,  inftitutum  meum  fatis  declarat.  Si  qua  erunt, 
enarrationum  progreflu,  ad  tempus  conveniens  Novo 
Stylo,  atque  ad  Gallicam  menfuram  referenda  j de 
Styli  atque  menfurae  mutatione  admonebo. 

In  menfura  nivis,  hanc  liquefieri  curavi  j liqua- 
tamque  ratione  eadem,  ac  pluviam  aquam  metitus 
fum. 

Barometri  mei  tubulus  fatis  amplus  eft,  et  Vafis, 
quo  ftagnans  mercurius  continetur,  diameter  eft  ferme 
vigecupla  diametri  tubuli:  quamobrem  afcendente  in- 
tra  eundem  tubulum,  et  defcendente  mercurio,  altitu* 
do  mercurij  eo  inVafe  tutopoteft  ceu  invariata  repu- 
tari. 

Thermometrum  meum  ex  genere  illorum  eft,  quo- 
rum inventio  Gulielmo  Amontonio,  ornamento  illuftri 
Gallicae  Academiae,  adtribuitur.  Tubulus  eft  recur- 
vus  definens  in  phialam,  cujus  phialae  pars  inferior 
vivo  argento,  (uperior  repletur  aere  hujufque  dilata* 
tione  vel  majore,  vel  minore,  pro  varia  caloris  vi, 
mercurius  in  tubulo  vel  magis  vel  minus  attollitttr. 
Quoniam  vero  tubuli  extremitas  patula  eft-  idcirco 
oportuit  veram  Thermometri  Altitudinem  ex  Altitudi- 
ne  mercurij  obfervat^  in  Thermometri  tubulo,  Alti- 
tudineque  mercurij  in  Barometro,  colleftis  in  unam 
fummam,  componere  ; inque Ephemerides  referre  Al- 
titudinem eadem  plane  ratione  compofitam.  Eft  au- 
tern  Thermometrum  meum  appenfum  ad  parietem 

cubiculi 


( 205  •) 

cubrculi  (iii  tjlfo  Vix'.unquam  ignis  accenditur)  facie 
lina  ad  meridiem,  alte^l  ad  orientem  folem  obversa  : 
neque  enim  aptum  locum  ad  fepfentriones  refpicientetTi 
habeo.  Thermometri  mei  phiala  intra  glaciem  im- 
mersd  lubfiJit  mercurius  in  altitudine  Dig.  47.  Dec.  30, 
intra  vero  ebullientem  aquam,  afcendit  mercurius  ad. 
altitudinem  Dig.  63.  Dec.  ,10.  Porro  iifdem  Temper 
Inftrumentis,  et  ad  eandeaij  jugiter  plagam  conftitu- 
tis  ufus  fum.  v a o ■<  . 

Perfpicuutn  autem,  fi  opus  effet,  ex  modo  relatd  et 
fuperioribus  obferVatiSnibus  fieri  poflet Hyemali  ri- 
gid iore  tempore  aerem  noftrum  ad  frigus  aquae  glad- 
alls  quam^roxime  acc^dere  (ut  alias  irr  Coramentariis 
Regiae  .Scientiarum  Gallicae  Academiae  An.  1711. 
pag.  2.  obfervatiim  fuit,  ab  aere  fufcipi  eundem  fri- 
goris  gradum,  qui  nivi  convenit)  Aeftivo  autem  tem- 
pore, aeris  noftri  teporem  ab  aquae  ebullientis  calore 
diftare  plurimum at  id  vel  naturae  lumine  notum  eft, 
atque  manifeftum. 

Ventorum  dirediones  fingulis  diebus  adfcripfi  -r  eo- 
rum  autem  vires  dumtaxat  cum  fatis  patentes,  majo- 
res,  vel  maximae  fuere,  numeris  2,  aut  3,  aut  4, 
pro  magnitudine  eorum  fignavi  > praetermifio  zero, 
five  malaciae  figno,  et  unitate,  venti  lemifimi  indicio. 
Ceterum,  etiam  me  filente,  nemo  in  hifee  rebus  vel 
mediocriter  verfatus  non  animadvertit  \ in  infima  hac 
prope  nos  aeris  regione  ubi  Anemometrorum  fedes  eft, 
faepe  unum  aliquem  ventum  obfervari*  dum  in  fupe- 
rioribus aeris  regionibus  alij  diverfique  venti  dorni- 
nantur. 

Poft  haec  vero  monita,  attingendo  rem  ipfam,  ut 
aquae  pluviae,-nec  non  ex  fufa  nive  colledae,  quanti- 
tates, 


( io6  ) 

rates  (ut  femnt  fummae  exobfervationibus  defum- 
tae,  fingjilis  Jylenfibus  convenientes)  confiderari  que- 
ant ; eas  in  fubjedtam  Tabeliam  conjeci. 


I72<. 

IJZ6. 

1727. 

. 1728. 

1729. 

1730. 

Dig. 

Dec 

Di^. 

Dec. 

Dig. 

Dec. 

Dig. 

Dec. 

Dicr. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

JANV 

O 

521 

I 

355 

5 

955 

4 

278 

I 

085 

O 

Z12 

Feb. 

I 

460 

1 

073 

1 

050 

I 

245 

2 

906 

Mar 

O 

889 

3 

168 

1 

878 

4 

832 

2 

902 

4 

592 

Apr. 

4 

019 

3 

998 

0 

498 

1 

419 

2 

768 

I 

638 

Mai. 

a 

625 

1 

368 

3 

5 30 

3 

4°  3 

2 

<534 

4 

467 

J-UN. 

0 

036 

2 

608 

2 

476 

2 

103 

3 

134 

6 

205 

JVL. 

2 

297 

2 

357 

2 

930 

4 

016 

4 

526 

2 

339 

Aug. 

S 

i8j 

1 

268 

f 

067 

S 

186 

0 

5 78 

4 

469 

Sep. 

I 

2 

647 

2 

900 

4 

164 

6 

948 

3 

267 

1 

090 

Oct. 

7 

104 

0 

179 

6 

5 76 

5 

163 

6 

294 

5 

254 

Nov. 

3 

636 

2 

277 

S 

O9I 

6 

836 

4 

l86 

0 

534 

Dec 

0 

030 

2 

39° 

7 

I69 

7 

599 

2 

804 

0 

894 

Sum. 

totius 

29 

989 

zs 

328} 

46 

4°  7 

52 

833 

35 

423 

34 

300 

anni. 

1 

1 

1 

Si  iidem  Menfes  illorum  lex  annorum  colligantur 
in  unam  fommam,  comperietur  ex  Tabella  minimam 
aquae  quantitatem  decidifTe  Menfibus  Februariis ; 
quippe  quae  non  exceflerit  Dig.  7.  Dec.  734.  Maxi- 
mam  veto  O&obribus  Menfibus,  quae  Dig.  30.  Dec. 
570,  aequaverit.  Praeterea  ex  Tabella  eadem  facile 
apparet,  ficciorem  annis  aliis  fuifle  annum  1726, 
qui  dedit  aquae  Dig.  25.  Dec.  328  : aliis  autem  annis 
humidiorem  fuifle  Annum  1728,  quo  collegi  aquae 
Dig.  52.  Dec.  833* 

Numeros  praeterea  quantitatum  aquae,  fingiilis 
quae  anni  Tempeftatibus  decidit,  feorfum  collegi; 

Tem- 


( i b?t ) 

Tempeftates  ita  partiens  pro  quocunque  propofiio 
anno  ; ut;  Hyemis  initium  referrem  ad  decimam  di- 
em Decembris  anni  praecedentis,  et  fic  porro  ad 
diem  decimam  Marti),  Junij,  atque  Septembris 
Tempeftatum  reliquarum  initia  conftituerem.  Inven- 
tae  fummae,  in  Tabella  notatae,  fub  ocutis  pofitae 
fequuntur. 


Hye-ms. 

Dig.  Dec, 

Ver. 

Dig.  Dec. 

’ Aeftas. 

Dig.  Deg- 

Autumnus. 

Dig.  Dec. 

17%5 

0 

91X 

8 

167 

7 

784 

*3 

32-7 

17x6 

z 

9 

6 

7 

3 55 

4 

999 

17x7 

8 

181 

5 

916 

II 

875- 

*7 

497 

1718 

11 

4*9 

10 

75  2- 

IX 

83 

zo 

55^ 

172-9 

7 

470 

9 

430 

6 

3 10 

*3 

617 

1730 

8 

693 

8 

817 

IX 

818 

6 

5"(5z 

Sum. 

13-9- 

490 

5* 

88 

u 

74 

558 

Ex  qua  Tabella  proclive  eft  nofcere  quantitatem 
aquae  pertinentis  ad  Aeftatem  et  Autumnum,  fingu- 
lis  annis  majorem  fuifle  quantitate  aquae  pertinentis 
ad  Hyemem  et  Ver. 

Quod  ft  quantitates  ad  quamlibet  Tempeftatem 
pertinentes  colligantur  in  unam  fummam  ; et  deinde 
hae  fiimmae  conferantur  inter  fefe,  facile  liquebit, 
incrementaprogredi  eodem  ordine  ac  Tempeftates  ; 
ordiendo  ab  Hyeme  ; hoc  eft  ; Quantitatem  mini- 
mam  aquae  Hyemis  tempore  haberi,j  tempore  autem 
Veris  majorem,  hanc  vero  fuperari  ab  Aeftatis  tem- 
pore, demum  Autumnal!  tempore  maximam  repe- 
riri. 


Notum 


( 208  ) 

Notum  autem  eft  et  pervulgatum,  pluviam  a de- 
crefcente  Barometri  altitudine,  ferenitatem  vero  a 
crefcente  altitudine  indicari.  Ut  igitur  aliquo  modo 
explorarem,  quantum  poffint  indicia  ilia,  ut  ex  Baro- 
rnetro  futurae  pluviae  anticipata  cognitio  aliqua  ha- 
beatur  3 diesy.quibus  pluit  fex  flKs  ptopofitis  annis 
collegi  in  varias  fummas  pro  Ventorum  varietate, 
atque  pro  incremento  aut  decremento  altitudinis 
Barometri  a Meridie  praecedentis  Diei  ad  Meridi- 


em  Diei  ejus  quo  pluit. 

fubjed.  * 1-:  ; 

;Uc  ^ 

Decrefeente  Barometro  a 
Meridie  Diei  praeceden- 
tis ad  Meridiem  Diei, 
quo  pluit. 

Tabellam  autem  ipfam 

Si 

q |*»l8  r ;Si-vI 

Crefcente  Barometro  a 
Meridie  Diei  praeceden- 
tis ad  Meridiem  Diei, 
quo  pluit. 

Numerus  Dierum, 
quibus  pluit. 

Ventus  qualis  erat 
Meridie  Dierum, 
quibus  pluit. 

Numerus  Dienim, 
quibus  pluit. 

. iiv  V .'1  . • 4 

V^nrus  qualis  erat 
Meridie  Dierum, 
quibus  pluit. 

86 

6 1 

33 

2,8 

44 

4Z 

49 

35 

JN. 

NE. 

E. 

SE. 

S. 

SW. 

w. 

NW. 

t w 

64 

41 

16 

*7 

2,1 

15 

2.0 

17 

N. 

NE. 

E. 

SE. 

S. 

SW. 

w. 

NW. 

378  j Summa.  ' 

■ u\o: 

. XII 

Summa. 

1st c [i:m  ai'cW 

Qua  abfoluta  Tabella,  miratus  profe£to  ium  inter 
numeros  incrementi  decrementique  altitudinis  Baro- 
metri 

mi'K.  4'  , ... 


( i0$>  ) 

metri  non  majorem  differentiam  interefle  quam  ea, 
quae  inter  3 78  et  zii  intercedit. 

Fateor  eqoidem ; aliquoties  crefcente  Barometri 
altitudine  a praecedente  Meridie  ad  Meridiem  Diei, 
quo  pluit,  coepifle  tamen  altitudinem  earn  decrefcere 
poft  Meridiem  Diei  ejufdem,  quo  pluifle  contigit: 
praererea  vero  incrementum  illud  aliquoties  fumi  pofle, 
tanquam  indicium  futurae,  poft  haud  longam  pluvi- 
am,  ferenitatis : rationem  etiam  quantitatis  pluviae 
efle  habendam. 

Saepe  tamen  nulla  ex  hilce  (ut  ita  dicam)  excu- 
iatio  praefto  efle  poteft,  ut  fervetur  conftantia  legis 
illius  paullo  fupra  indicatae ; qua  a nonnullis  ianci- 
tur,  decrementa  altitudinis  Barometri  efle  pluvie  indi- 
cia, incrementa  vero  ferenitatis  indicia  efle  reputan- 
da.  Aliquid  aliud  detegendum  adhuc  eft  ad  prae- 
nofcenda  phaenomena  haec.  Quod  fi  tamen  deerit 
Oblervatorum  induftria,  atque  afliduitas,  fortaflts 
variationum  hujufcemodi  leges  aliquando  detegentur ; 
et  veniet  tempus,  quo  ijla,  quae  nunc  talent , in  lu- 
cent extrahat  dies , et  longioris  aevi  diligentia  : et 
fortaflis  non  erunt  difficilia,  ac  Tojleri  nofiri  nos  aj>er- 
ta  nefcijfe  mirabuntur. 

Nivalium  poftea  Dierum,  propofitis  fex  illis  annis 
contentorum  comparationem  inftitui  fuperioris  illius 
flmiletn  j atque  illud  animadvert!-,  quod  Nix  magis, 
quam  plnvia,  Barometri  decrementis  relpondeat : ut 
in  fubje&a  Tabella  videre  eft. 

r o r , u.  t 1 v <•'  .pn,  no  4 • 

E e Decrelcente 


( 2 10  ) 


Decrefcente  Barometro  a 
Meridie  Diei  praeceden- 
tis  ad  Meridiem  Diei, 
quo  ninxit. 


JNumerus  Dierum, 
quibus  ninxir. 

Ventus  qualis  erat 
Meridie  Dierum, 
quit>u$  nirfxir 

4 

N. 

6 

NE. 

1 

E. 

1 

SW. 

1 

w. 

1 

NW. 

14 

Summa. 

Crefcente-  Barometro  a 
Meridie  Diei  praeceden- 
tis  ad  Meridiem  Diei, 


quo  ninxit. 

Numerus  Dierum, 
quibus  ninxit. 

Vemusquahs  erat 
Meridie  Dierum, 
quibus  nrnx  t. 

4 

M. 

4 

Summa. 

Praeterea  vero,  ut  a tua,  Vir  Ornatiffime,  Invita- 
tione  indicatur;  pro  fingulis  annis  fummas  altitudi- 
num  Barometri  ac  Thermometri  confefci ; ex  quibus 
deinde  altitudines  medias  convenientes  fingulis  Die- 
bus  eonindem  Annorum  elicui  ; ut  in  fubje<5ta  Tab'ella 
apparet. 


JUJUi 


Summa  Aiti- 
iudrnum 
Barometri.  ; 

Summa  Alti- 
tudinUnr  i 
, .Tife^ojaxetri  ^ 

D:S- 

Dig.  Dec.. 

■mi  1 

10831  17 

10864  72 

10842  23 

‘ 75, 

18287  66 

’iW| f 

18325  96 
I84I9  8l 

18326  62 

18^64  *8' 

J.WrjUQjifctri 


%• 


Dec* 


Dig 


f if: 

29  67 

29  68 

29  70 

29  74 


j;t 


TBSt* 

jo  ir 


50 

50 

5° 

So 

So 


S 

21 

S3 

21 

4 


Port© 


( x\ \ ) 

Porto  fi  Altitudines  Barometri,  non  fingulorum 
Annorutn,  fed  omnium  fex  Annorum  in  unam  tan- 
tum  fummam  colligantur,  invenietur  media  Barome- 
tri Altitudo,  finguiis  Diebps  eorundem  omnium  anno- 
rum convenieps,  efle  Dig.  19.  Dec.  70. 

Ac  fi  Thermometri  Altitudines,  non  fingulorum 
Annorum,  fed  itidem  fex  Annorum  omnium  colligan- 
tur in  unam  tantum  fummam,  comperietur  media 
Thermoipetri  Altitudo  finguiis  diebus  eorundem 
omnium  Annorum  conveniens,  effe  Digr  5'9- 
Dec.  1 6. 

Quamobrem,  infpe&a  Tabella,  facile  eft  intelli- 
gere,  Diales  Medias  Altitudines  turn  Barometri  turn 
Thermometri,  pertinentes  ad  annos  fingujos,  pau- 
ciflimis  partibus  diferre  d Dialibus  Mediis  jAltitudit- 
nibus,  quae  ex  fex  illis  annis  colledim  funftis  pTofi- 
eifeuntur.  ! , ; 

Maximam  deinde  Barometri  Altitudintjm  Minj- 
mamque,  itidem  Thermometri  Maximam  ac  Mini- 
mam  Altitudinem  in  oppofitam  Tabellanj  redegi,: 
ut  uno  afpedtu  conferri  inter  fefe  poflent  atque 
comparari. 


Ec  i Anni 


( aiz  ) 


Maxi-  Minima 


Anni 


Tempeftas. 


W Coelum  fudum. 

SW.4.  Coelum  nubibus  fere  obdufctum. 
Coelum  fudum. 

Coelum  nubibus  fere  obduCtum. 
Coelum  fudum. 

Coelum  nubibus  obduttum. 
Nubes  rarae. 

Pluvia  tenuis.  ^ 

Coelum  nubibus  fere  obduttum. 

Pluvia. 

20;  N.  Coelum  fudum. 

78  s E.  Sol  et  nubes  alternating 


iCoelum  fudum.  , 

Sol  et  nubes  alternatim. 

[Coelum  fudum. 

Coelum  nubibus  fere  obdu&um. 
Sol  paucaeque  nubes. 

Aer  nebulofus. 

Sol  paucaeque  nubes. 

Coelum  nubibus  fere  obdutlum, 
Coelum  fudum. 

Coelum  fudum. 

Sol  et  nubes  alternatim. 
Coelum  fudum. 


Ut 


( ) 


Ut  vero  aquae,  quae  decidit,  Quantitates  conferri 
poflent  cum  Quantitatibus  iis,  quae  in  Regiae  Sci- 
entiarum  Academiae  Commentariis  regeruntur ; Men- 
fiiras  Anglicas  in  Gallicas  tranftuli,  illas  ad  Regium 
Parifienfem  Pedem  (in  Pollices  atque  Lineas  diviium) 
referendo.  Ac  fummas  ad  Annum  quemlibet  Novo 
Stilo  computatum  confeci,  ut  in  fubje&a  Tabclli  vi- 
dere  eft. 


Anni 

Stilo  Novo. 

Pol.  Ped 
Parif. 

Lin. 

17x5 

28 

it 

17x6 

2-3 

it 

17x7 

4x 

11 

17x8 

49 

9f 

17x9 

34 

Is 

1730 

32- 

I 6 

Summa.  1 

XIO 

3/ 

Quare,  ft  Pol,  xio.  etJ  i'i '•  3|.  dividantur  in  an- 
nos  lex  j Menfura  Media  Quantiratis  aquae,  quae  de- 
cidit, conveniens fingulis  annisprodit  Pol.  35.  Lin.  h. 
Menfura  autem  Media  aquae  quae  cadit  Lutetiac  Pa- 
riftorum  ( ut  habetur  in  Academiae  Commentariis 
An.  17x1,  1714,  1715')  et  alibi)  Media,  pro  unius 
Anni  curriculo  Pollicum  19  efte  computatur.  Quam- 
obrem  Patavina  Media  Menfura  Mediam  Parifien- 
fem excedit  Pollicibus  1 6.  Lin  A.  Aut,  ft  affuma- 
mus  pro  Medii  Menfuri  Parifienfi  Pol.  18.  Lin  8. 
( quemadmodum  ex  obfervationibus  triennio  habitis 
colligitur  in  Commentariis  An.  1719)  erit  differentia 


( *»4  ) 

Pol.  1 6.  Lin.  4rv  Itaque  plane  liquet  aquae  copi- 
am  hie  decidere  multo  majorem,  quam  Lutetiae  Pa- 
rifiorum. . ~ 

Praeftat  etianrianimadvertere,  a Meridie  Diei  23. 
(ST.- V.)  Augufti  Anni  17x7.  (vento  boreali)  ad 
Meridiem  fequentis  diei,  nimirum  intra  horas  24, 
decidilfe  pluviae  Pol.  3 Lin.  i.  hoc  eft  Lin  36 £. 
Quae  lane  pluviae  copia  multo  major  reperitur  el, 
quae  intra  horas  24,  unquam  decidat  Lutetiae  Pari- 
fiorum : ut  ex  Commentariis  Regiae  Scientiarum  Ac- 
cademiae  colligere  eft, 

Si  maxima  Barometri  Altitudo  Die  20  Dec.  1730. 
hie  oblervata,  redigatur  adGaHtcam  Menliiram,  com- 
perietur  effe  Pollicum  28.  Lin.  6.  minima  vero  Ba- 
rometri Altitudo,  quae  pertinuit  ad  Diem  8 Dec. 
1725*,  invenietur  Pollicum  26.  Lin.  9L  Quam- 
obrem  Mercurij  in  Barometro  differentia  inter  Maxi- 
mam  Altitudinem,  Minimamque  colligetur  Pollicum 
1.  Lin.  8 i. 

Affumto  itidem  fexenio  Oblervationum,  quas  in 
Regio  Obfervatorio  habuit  Lutetiae  Parifiorum  Phi- 
lippus  Hirius  (nimirum  ab  Anno  1699  ad  annum 
1705)  inveni  MaximamB  arometri  Altitudinem  exti- 
tiiTe  Die  10  Dec.  1704.  Pol.  28.  Lin.  4L  Minimam 
vero  Die  20  Dec.  1703.  Pol.  2<5.  Lin.  5 : atque  ideo 
Mercurij  in  Barometro  differentiam  inter  Maximam 
Altitudinem  Minimamque  fuifle  Pol.  1.  Lin.  n£.  Dif- 
ferentia itaque  inter  Maximam  atque  Minimam  Mer- 
curij in  Barometro  Altitudinem  (attentis  obfervatio- 
nibus,  quas  propofuimus)  Lutetiae  Parifiorum  in- 
venta 'fair  major,  quam  Patavij  Lin.  iii  Et  qui- 
dem  jamdudum  nonnulli  fuere,  qui  obfervarent,  illiufi 

modi 


( ) 

modi  difFerentias  eo  minores  reperiri,  quo  magis  loca, 
in  quibus  Obfervationes  inftituuntur,  iiint  Aequatori 
circulo  vicina. 

Reliquum  nunc  eft  ut  ad  aliud  Obfervationum 
genus  in  Invitatione  indicatum,  hoc  eft  ad  Obfer- 
vationes Declinationum  Magneticae  Acusy  gradual 
faciam  : ab  hac  tamen  parte  me  paucis  expedi- 
am.  Notum  hoc  tempore  eft,  atque  inter  hujufce- 
modi  rerum  Peritos  pervulgatum,  variis  unius  ejuf- 
demque  Diei  horis  exiguas  nonnullas  mutationes 
in  Acus  Magneticae  Declinatione  ita  contingere*. 
ut  fingulis  integris  Diebus  eadem  omnino  conftan- 
tiftima  Declinatio  non  obfervetur  ; fed  paucis  vari- 
etur aliquando  Gradus  fexagefimis  : praeterea  vero 
compertum  eft,  non  ab  omnibus  Acubus  (praefer* 
tim  ad  varios  Magnetes  afFridtis)  eandem  prorfus 
penitufque  exhiberi  Declinationem,  fed  aliquot 
(pauciffimarum  tamen  cum  ab  excellentibus  Artifi- 
cibus  Acus  funt  elaboratae)  fexagefimarum  differen- 
tias  aliquando  comparere.  Variationes  itaque  per- 
exiguas  ab  hifce  cauftis  facile  promanantes,  fi  ex- 
cipias,  totis  hifce  fex  folidis  annis,  Magnetis  Decli- 
nationem verfus  Occafum  Graduum  tredecim  obfer- 
vavi.  Pyxis  Magnetica,  qua  praefertim  utor,  et 
cujus  (ut  ita  dieam)  fidei  plurimum  tribuo*  eft  Opus 
Bernardi  Facini  fcientis  Artificis,  maxime  harum 
rerum  periti,  maximeque  induftrij : cujus  Pyxklis 
Acus  longa  eft  Pollices  fex,  granorum  triginta  duo- 
rum  pondo.  Hoc  unum  adjiciam,  me  fulpicari 
;(neque  enim  de  tarn  ex'igua  rautatione  quidpiatn  "fe- 
cure  affirmandum  eft)  Declinationem  Acusintra  illud 
tempiis,  decreviffe  decern  fexagefimis  potius,  quam 
crevifTe* 


( ) 

Hacc  habui,  quae,  Invicationis  tuae  finem  re* 
fpiciens  ad  Te,  Vir  Ornatiffime,  fcriberem.  Una 
etiam  cum  Epiftoll  hie,  integrae  Ephemerides, 
( quibus  ftngulorum  Dierum  Obfervationes  meae, 
qua  ratione  Invitatio  tua  ferr,  confignantur  ) Ti- 
bi tradentur,  tamquam  fpecimen  ; ex  quo,  fi  Deus 
dederit,  ut  pofl:  aliquot  annos  quaedam  alia  in  for- 
mam  banc  colligam,  intelligere  facile  queas,  me 
tuae  Methodo  in  feribendis  obfervationibus  adhae- 
fifle.  Si  quid  frugis  in  Obfervationibus  hifee  ali- 
quando  reperietur,  Tibi,  tuifque  de  optimis  Artibus 
meritis  tribuendum  erit.  Vale. 

Patavij,  Kal.  Jun. 

CIO  IDCC  XXXI. 


V.  An  Account  of  a <Book_ entit tiled,  J.  P.  Breynij 
M.  2).  O-c.  Hiftoria  Naturalis  Cocci  Ra- 
dicum  Tin&orij,  quod  Polonicum  vulgo 
audit.  4*°  Gedani,  1731.  Cum  Figuris 
coloribus  nativis  pi£tis.  By  Richard-Mid- 
dleton  Mafley,  M.  XX  F.  % S.  and  Honorary 
Fellow  of  the  College  of  Tbyftcians. 

TH  E Author  (after  having  briefly  accounted  for 
the  two  Kinds  of  the  Cocci  Tinttorij  now  in 
Ufe,  viz.  that  of  7 liny  colledted  from  the  Ilex,  and 
the  American  Coccus,  or  Cocbinif)  proceeds  to  give 
us  the  Natural  Hiftory  of  the  Coccus  Tolonicus, 

which 


( 217  ) 

which  he  calls  Radicum , becaufe  it  is  chiefly 
found  adhering  to  the  Roots  of  the  Polygonum 
Cocciferum,  * KoJ'maczeh  Polonis  C B.  This  he 
takes  to  be  the  Polygonum  Germanicum,  inca~ 
mm,  jlore  majore  perenni  Raij.  Of  which  he 
has  given  a Print  with  the  Cocci , as  they  flick  to  the 
Roots.  * 

The  Coccus  he  fays,  is  found  fometimes  Angle,  fome- 
tiraes  more,  even  forty  adhering  to  one  Plant,  of  dif- 
ferent Sizes,  from  a Poppy-feed  to  that  of  a white 
Pepper-corn.  It  is  roundim,  fmooth,  and  of  a Purple 
Violet  Colour,  and  in  a thin  Cuticle  inclofes  a Blood- 
red  Succus : One  Half  or  more  of  it  is  covered  with 
a rough,  dark,  brown  Cruft,  by  which  it  adheres 
to  the  Roots. 

The  Countrymen  gather  it  about  Midfummer , and 
dry  it  with  a flow  Fire  in  Earthen  Platters. 

Several  of  thefe  Cocci  he  expofed  to  the  Sun  in 
open  GlaiTes,  and  found  that  by  the  14th  of  July 
every  one,  according  to  its  Size,  had  excluded  a final! 
Worm  with  fix  Feet.  That  Part  which  feemed  to  be 
the  Head,  had  two  fhort  carnofe  Antenna  ; for  he 
could  not  perceive  with  Glaffes  any  thing  like  either 
Mouth  or  Eyes.  On  the  Back  Length-ways,  were  two 
Sulci , which  were  more  or  lefs  vifible,  according  to 
the  different  Motions  of  the  Animalculum . Its  Feet 
feemed  armed  with  Claws,  and  the  firfl:  Pair  ftronger 
and  darker  than  the  reft.  The  whole  Worm  was  of 
an  obfolete  Purple  Colour,  and  had  feveral  Briftles  of  a 
brown  Grey. 

* Kofmaczek  Pilofella.  Herbario  PoIqb, 

Ff 


Thefe 


( n8  ) 

Thefe,  after  ten  or  fourteen  Days,  lay  in  a State  of 
Reft,  and  foon  became  covered  with  an  exceeding 
white  fine  lanuginofe  Subftance  j in  which  Condition 
they  continued  five  or  eight  Days  longer,  and  then 
laid  their  Eggs,  fifty,  one  hundred  or  more  a-piece  -y 
which  to  the  naked  Eye  appeared  but  like  fomany 
red  oblongilh  Points,  but  with*Glaffes  looked  like 
Ants  Eggs,  almoft  tranfparent,  with  a diluted  Blood* 
red  Content. 

Thefe  Eggs  being  again  expofed  in  the  Sun  about 
Bartholomew-Tide , were  hatch’d  a Month  after, 
when  fome  Fermiculi  were  excluded,  which  in  the 
Microfcope  appear’d  to  be  Hexapods  of  a purplilh  Hue, 
with  two  Antenna  at  their  Head,  and  two  greyilh 
Briftles  at  their  Tails,  fcarce  vifible  except  upon  black 
Taper. 

He  fuppofes  thefe  laft  excluded  Fermiculi , after 
fome  Wanderings,  at  laft  fix  themfelves  to  the  Roots, 
and  fome  of  the  loweft  contiguous  Branches  of  the 
Polygonum , where  being  deprived  of  local  Motion 
and  Senfe,  by  fome  Way  or  other  they  imbibe  that 
Suc'cus  from  the  Plant,  and  at  laft  become  the  Cocci 
fo  called,  or  Veficles  full  of  that  Blood-red  Succus 
fo  ufeful  in  Dying, 


to  c.  nnc  ■ 7 dt  ;/  t:.;i  /fin  efij 


OOJ'ir.  L 

VI.  A 


( *1?  ) 


VI.  A Botanical  Invitation  to  forward  an  Hi « 
flory  of  the  Plants  o/Swiflerland  5 hy  Dr.  John 
Jacob  Scheuchzer,  M.  D.  F.  <!{.  S.  fent  to 
Sir  Hans  Sloane,  Bar1'  Pr.  p.  S.  to  be  com- 
municated to  the  Royal  Society.  Tranflated 

by  Mr.  Zollman,  F.  S. 

• 

IT  is  not  my  Intention  to  enter  into  a long  Detail 
of  what  I have  hitherto  performed  in  Natural 
Hiftory,  both  in  general,  and  that  of  Swijferland  in 
particular,  left  I might  feem  guilty  of  Vanity  even 
in  merely  relating  it.  Any  body,  that  is  acquainted 
with  my  Writings  concerning  the  Natural  Hiftory  of 
S'wiJJ'erland,  will  be  fen  Able  that  we  ftill  want  a 
Botanograpby,  or  Defcription  of  the  Plants,  which 
is  one  of  its  principal  Parts  j nay,  that  to  which  1 
chiefly  have  applied  myfelf,  and  I dare  add,  without 
Offence  to  the  cenforious,  which  the  World  has  long 
been  in  Expectation  of : Some  Obfervations  difperfed 
in  my  Itinera  Alpha , publilhed  at  London  and  Lei- 
deny  have  raifed  a Defire  for  it  among  Botanifts.  It 
will  thence  appear  to  every  one  who  applies  him- 
felf  to  a Study  as  difficult  as  it  is  delightful,  that  I 
fpared  neither  Labour  nor  Expences  in  fearching  af- 
ter Plants  of  all  Kinds  that  grow  fpontaneou  fly  in 
S'wijferlandy  and  defcribing  them  in  the  Places  where 
they  grow,  in  gathering  them  into  Herbals,  in  com- 
paring them  with  the  Defcriptions  and  Characters  given 
of  them  by  Gefnerus,  the  Baulin's,  Ray,  ‘Bourne- 
fort , Boocone,  and  others,  in  feparating  what  ought  to 

Ff  z be 


( 110  ) 

be  feparated,  in  joining  what  ought  to  be  joined,  in  re- 
volving what  is  dubious,  in  retrenching  what  is  fu- 
perfluous,  in  fupplying  what  is  defective,  in  flaewing 
the  Ufe  of  native  Plants,  and  trying  them  myfelf  in 
my  Practice.  Of  thefe  my  Hijtory  of  Swifs  Plants , 
which  I am  now  hard  at  \Vork  upon,  is  to  confifl: : Of 
which,  and  its  Method,  I intend  now  to  give  a brief 
Account,  and  draw  up  a Sort  of  Plan  of  it,  in  order 
to  engage  other  Perfons  by  this  Invitatory  Paper,  as  I 
may  call  ir,  to  join  with  me  in  this  Labour. 

This  Work  will  be  in  the  Form  of  a Dictionary,  to 
the  End  it  may  ferve  at  the  fame  time  for  an  Index. 
I therefore  am  difpoling  in  an  Alphabetical  Order,  the 
various  Kinds  and  Charadters,  fubjoining  to  eath  of 
them  the  proper  Species  hitherto  obferved  in  Swijfer- 
land , either  by  myfelf  or  by  others,  together  with  the  fy- 
nonymous  Names  ufed  by  the  different  Authors,  which 
are  again  tobe  inferred  in  their  proper  Places,  accord- 
ing to  the  Order  of  the  Alphabet.  I am  adding,  and 
remarking,  under  each  Plant,  whatever  feems  to  be 
wanting  in  their  Defcription  by  other  Authors,  or  is  any 
ways  neceffary  for  the  fuller  Knowledge  of  them,  oris 
applicable  to  Medicinal  or  other  Ufes.  Befides  other 
Prints,  there  will  appear  in  the  Work  itfelf  thofe  of 
Fuchfius  in  Folio,  1 having  purchafed  the  Original 
Plates,  I would  add  all  the  Alpine  Plants,  had 
I feme  Patrons  at  Hand  who  would  bear  the  Expence 
of  engraving  the  Copper  Plates,,  or  doing  the  wooden 
Cuts ; an  Abidance  which  may  be  beft  expected  from 
the  EttgUJJj  Nation,  and  their  Society. 


Zurich,  November 
the  6th.,  1751.. 


John  Jacob  Scheuchzer* 


VII.  An 


( m ) 


VII.  An  Account  of  what  appeared  moft  remarkable 
on  opening  the  'Body  of  Ann  Edwards,  who 
died  January  ^th,  1 7-,  having  a large  Umbe- 
lical  Rupture.  Communicated  to  the  Society 
by  John  Ranbv,  Effo  Surgeon  to  his  Majejl/s 
Houfbold,  and  F.  S. 

ABOUT  fix  Years  ago  having  fome  Difference  with 
her  Husband,  he  gave  her  a Kick  on  the  Belly  j 
and  from  that  Time  fhe  complained  of  - Pain,  and  a 
Swelling  about  the  Navel,  which  in  Time  encreafed 
to  about  the  Size  of  a Man’s  Head,  feldom  giving  her 
any  Uneafinefs  but  by  its  Weight } and  that  chiefly 
when  her  Bandage  was  off,  which  fhe  generally  wore, 
except  when  her  Diet,  or  any  other  Accident,  brought 
on  a Diarrhea,  which  was  always  attended  with 
Cholick  Pains,  particularly  in  the  Rupture  ; to  eafe 
which  fhe  had  been  advifed  to  iron  it  with  a hot  Iron, 
and  had  thereby  fo  often  burnt  it,  that  there  remained 
on  the  Skin  feveral  large  Cicatrix's.  Three  Days 
before  her  Death  fhe  was  taken  with  the  Diarrhoea, 
attended  with  a flight  Fever. 

On  opening  the  Bag , the  Cavel  firft  prefented,  the 
greateft  Part  whereof  adhered  to  the  Peritoneum  : 
On  removing  this,  the  Small  Guts,  to  the  Length  of 
two  Ells  and  a half,  were  contained  in  this  Bag , toge- 
ther with  all  the  Colon,  except  fo  much  of  it  as  is  be- 
low the  left  Kidney  $ and  the  Beginning  of  the-  Colon, 

with. 


( 111  ) 

with  the  C cecum,  were  attached  to  the  Mefentery, 
in  fuch  a Manner,  as  to  be  but  two  Inches  diftant 
from  the  Pylorus  ; which,  with  about  one  Third  of 
the  Stomach , was  by  this  Means  drawn  into  the  Bag. 
The  Beginning  of  the  Duodenum  juft  entered  the  Bag, 
and  then  returned  out  again } which  with  but  a fmall 
Portion  of  the  Jejunum , was  the  Chief  that  remained 
in  the  Abdomen. 


FINIS l 


errata. 


NtJM,  410.  p.179.  in  Titulo  V.  lin.  4.  adde  poll  Jefu,  ad  Rev.  P.  Joh. 

Bapt.  Carbone  tranfmifla,  &,  Num.  411.  p.  116.  in  Title  V.  l.z. 
after  M.  D,  add  F,  R,  andl.  5.  del e colorihus  nativis pittis* 


' 


1 


*■& 


s 


7 


NS* 


Numb.  4zi, 

PHILOSOPHICAL 

TRANSACTIONS 

For  the  Months  of  January,  February , and 
March , 1731. 

The  CONTENTS. 

I.  A Catalogue  of  the  fifty  Plants  from  Chelfea- 
Garden,  prefented  to  the  Royal  Society  by 
the  Company  of  Apothecaries,  for  the  Tear 
1 730  5 purfuant  to  the  Direction  of  Sir  Hans 
Sloane,  (Bar1'  Med.  Beg.  Br<zf.  Col.  Beg-  Med. 
& Soc.  Beg.  by  Ifaac  Rand,  Apothecary , 
F.  % S. 

II.  A Letter  concerning  the  Electricity  of  Water, 
from  Mr.  Stephen  Gray  to  Crom  well  Mor- 
timer, M.  D.  Seer.  Tf 

III.  The  Method  of  making  the  bejl  Mortar  at 
Madrafs  in  Eaffc  India 5 deferibed  in  a Letter 
from  the  Honourable  Ifaac  Pyke,  Efq j Go- 
vernor of  St.  Helena,  to  Edmund  Halley, 
L.  L.D.  Beg • A fir.  Vice-Brefident  B-S.  and  by 
him  communicated  to  the  Royal  Society. 

IV.  Epiftola  Domini  Huxham,  M.  D.  ad  Ja- 
cobum  Jurin,  M.  D.  B & Coll.  Med. 
Soc.  de  Morbo  Colico  [ingular  'u 

V.  Vz 


The  CONTENTS. 

V.  Be  Figuris  quas  Fluida  rotata  induere  pof- 
funt , Broblemata  duo  5 cum  conjedura  de  Stel- 
lis  qU'.e  aliquando  prodeunt  Vel  deficiunt  5 & de 
Annulo  Saturni.  Authore  Petro  Ludovico 
De  Maupertuis,  Begi<e.  Societatis  Londinenfis, 
O'  Academia.  Scientiarum  Parilienfis  Socio. 

VI.  An  ExtraEl  of  a Letter,  from  Oliver  St.John, 
Efq 5 F.  % S.  dated  from  Florence,  Novem- 
ber the  3 oth,  17]  1.  N.  S.  Communicated  by 
R.  Graham,  F.  (2^.  5.  concerning  the  Arcutio. 

VII.  An  ExtraEl  of  a Letter  from  Mr.  Hopkins  to 
Mr.  John  Senex,  F.  $(.  S.  concerning  an  extra - 
ordinary  large  Horn  of  the  Stag  Jfind,  taken  out 
of  the  Sea  on  the  Coajl  of  Lancalhire. 

VIII.  Three  Cafes  communicated  by  Claudius 
Amyand,  E/q,  F.  % S.  Serjeant  Surgeon  to 
his  Majejly. 

I.  Concerning  a Child  born  with  the  Bowels 
hanging  out  of  the  Belly. 

II.  OJ  an  extraordinary  Caufe  of  a Suppreffwn 
of  Urine  in  a Woman. 

III.  Of  a Stricture  in  the  middle  of  the  Stomach 
in  a Girl,  dividing  it  into  two  Bags. 


( lij  ) 


* ^ t ' i . \ : . r ^ • 5 * ~ . a 

I.  A Catalogue  of  the  fifty  Planes  from  Chelfea- 
Garden,  prefented  to  the  Royal  Society  by 
the  Company  of  Apothecaries,  for  the  Year 
i 7 3 o ; purfuant  to  the  Direction  of  Sir  Hans 
Sloane,  Bar*'  Med.  Reg.Rrxf.  Col.  (Reg.  Med. 
& Soc.  Reg.  by  Ifaac  Rand,  Apothecary , 

F.  R.  S. 

. 

4°r.  A DHATODA  ZeyJanenfium.  | Hort, 
11  Lugd.  Bat.  64.Z.  r 1 . 

401.  Ageratum  foliis  ferratis.  C.  B.  2x1.  -Age- 
rat  um  plerifque  ; Herb  a Julia  quibufdam  J.B. 
III.  pag.  141. 

403.  Ageratum,  breviori  & latiori  folio.  P tar  mi- 

ca lutea,fuaveolens  ; corymbis  longioribus  ^f-magis 
compaBis.  j T.  Inft.  497.  . ' . 

404.  Ageratum  Hifpanicum  j amplioribus  foliis ; 
flofeulis  minoribus. 

405.  Anonis  pulchra  vifu  \ folio  Ciceris  \ Orni- 
thopodij  filiquis,  annuentibus ; Hort.  Cath.  18. 

406.  Aparine  femine  Coriandri  faccharap.  Park. 
Theat.  $67. 

407.  Aparine  femine  Iseviore,  Raij  Hift.  484. 

408.  Aparine  minima,  D.  Sherard.  Raij  Syn.EcLa. 
1 1 8. 

409.  Arundo  arborea  Indica ; amplo,  pediculato 
folio.  Bambu  altera  fpecies.  Raij  Hift.  1316. 
Beejha.  Hort.  Malab.  Tom.  5.  Tab.  60. 


Gg 


410.  Ganna 


( **4  > 

410.  Canna  Indica  ; radice  alba,  alexipharmica, 
Sloan.  Cat.  Jam.  in.  1 1 1 fir*  lab,  14^.  Fi^.  x. 

row-root. 

41 1.  Caryophyllata  vulgaris.  C.B.  311. 

41a.  Caryophyllata,  aquatica,  nutante  flore  C.  B. 
311- 

413.  Caryophyllata  major  ^ nutante  flore. 

414.  Caryophyllata  Virginiana  ; albo  flore,  minore  j 
radice  inodora.  H.  Lugd.Bat.  m. 

41  y.  Caucalis  Monfpeliaca;  echinato  magno  fruc- 
tu.  C.  B,  iy3. 

416.  Ch  maedrys  Alpina,  frutefcensj  folio  fplen- 
dente.  T.  Inft.  xoy. 

417.  Chamaemelum  monta'num  ; Abfinthij  folio  j 
Parthenij  odore.  Hort  Cath. 

418.  Chamaemelum  incanutnj  Abfinthij  vulgaris 
folio,  D.  Vaillant.  Ac.Reg.  Sc.  1710. 

419.  Chamaemelum  Hifpanicutn,  humile,  ramofif- 
fimumj  Cotulae  foetiie  facie. 

4x0.  Chelone  Acadienfis  j flore  albo.  D.  Tournef 
Ac.  Reg.  Sc.  1706.  Jofielyn  Nevo-England's  Rari- 
ties, Numb.  6.  pag.  78  cf  79. 

4x1.  Eupatoriophalacron,  Balfaminas  fneminae folio; 
flore  albo  difcoide.  D.  Vaillant,  Ac.  Reg.  Sc.  17x0. 
Seahfofa  Conyzoides  Americana  ; capitulis  & jlo- 
ribus  albidts  parvis  P.  B.  P.  Pluk.  phyt.  Tab.  109. 
Fig.  *. 

4XX.  Eupatoriophalacron  Americanum,  procum* 
bens  j albis  floribus^  foliis  parvis  undulatis,  afperis. 

4x3.  Eupatoriophalacron  Americanum  ; fcrophula. 
ris  acutiore  folio ; dlfco  luteo,  prominente,  flipato, 
vis  radiato. 

4x4,  Eu. 


( ) 

424,  Eupatoriophalacron  Indicum 5 fcrophulariae 
folio ; capitulo  parvo,  radiis  quinis  ad  Bafin  ornato, 
hifpidis  5c  glutinofis. 

An  Cichoreo  affinis  Lampfana  Sink  a,  Mentaftri 
folks  ; calyce  fimbriato , bifpido . Sinice  Hi-him- 
tfavo  ditta?  Pluk.Amalt. y8.  Phyt.Tab.  380.  Fig.  z. 
415.  Fcenum  Gracum  fativum.  C.  B.  348. 

4 %6.  Fcenum  Gracum,  fylveftrej  polyceration,  ma- 
jus,  Creticum.  Breyn.  Cent.  79. 

417.  Fcenum  Graecum  fylveftre,  polyceration,  mi- 
nus, Monfpeliacum.  Breyn.  Cent.  79.  Hedyfarum 
minimum , Dalecbamp.  Hift.Lugd.  44 6. 

4x8.  Herniaria  glabra.  I.  B.  III.  378. 

419.  Herniaria  hirfuta.  I.  B.  III.  3 79. 

430.  Lyfimachia  fpicata  ; flore  albo  j falicis  folio. 
T.  Inft.  141. 

431.  Medica  fcutellata.  I.  B.  II.  384. 

432.  Medica  hirfuta  ; echinis  rigidioribus.  I.  B.  II. 
38f. 

433.  Medica  magna,  turbinata.  I.B.  II.  387. 

434.  Medica  tornata,  minor,  lenis.  Park.  Theaf. 

11 16. 

43 y.  Medica  maritima,  noftras ; modiolis  Spi- 
nofis.  frifolium  cochleatum ; modiolis  fpinojis. 
Raij  Syn.  Ed.  x.  197. 

43  6.  Medica fruftu  ovali  fpinofo.  Medica  S'lx.a.pr©* 
fru£tu  ovali , Spinulis  brevioribus  & rkidioribuf. 
Raij  Hift.  963. 

437.  Medica  Orientalis;  fru&u  rotundiore,  fubhir- 
futo,  tuberculis  raris  obiito. 

438.  Medica  Hifpanica  \ fru&u  echinato, fubhirfuto, 
fphseroide. 

G g x 439.  Me- 


C *i6  ) 

439.  Medica  echinata,  minima  I.  B.  II.  386. 

440.  Medica  marina.  Lob.  Icon.  38.  Trifoltum 
cochleatum , maritimum , tomentofum.  C.  B.  319. 

441.  Melilotus  Meffanenfis,  procumbens^  foiliculis 
rugcfis,  fublongis  ; fpicis  florum  brevionbus.  Raij 
Hift.  95'x. 

442.  Ornithopodium  fcorpioides  ; filiquacompreffa. 
T.  Inft.  400. 

443.  Papaver  iuteum,  perenne  ; laciniato  folio; 
Cambro-britannicum.  Raij  Syn.  Ed.  3.  309.  Arge - 
mone  lutea  Cambro-britannica.  Park.  Theat.  369. 

444.  Papaver  fpinofum.  C.  B.  171. 

445'.  Pfeudo-Ipecacuanha  Noveboracenfis  Dn!  Col* 
den. 

An  iPericlymenum  herbaceumy  reBum , Virgin'}  a- 
numy  Dr  Tinkars-weed,  vu'lgo  vocatum?  Pluk.  Aim. 
z8y.  Phyt.  Tab.  104.  f.  z. 

446,  Ptarmica  Agerati  folio,  acutiori.  Agerafum 
album  vulgo. 

447..  Ranunculus  arvenfis,  echinatus.  C.  B.  179. 

448.  Ranunculus  arvenfis;  feminibus  magis  echi- 
natis.  D.Sherard,  Boerh.  Ind.  alt.  31, 

449.  Ruyfchiana;  flore  casruleo,  magno.  Boerh. 
fnd.  air.  173.  Chanuepitys  carideti  aujlriaca.  C.  B. 
ayo. 

4fo.  Veronica  fruticofa  erefta,  dulcis  j hexangulari 
cauie  ; flore  dilute  caeruleo.  Slban.  Cat.  Jam.  81. 
Hift;  Tab.  108.  f.  i. 


II.  A 


( X17  ) 


II.  A Letter  concerning  the  Electricity  of  Water, 
from  Mr.  Stephen  Gray  to  Cromwell  Mor- 
timer, M.  T>.  Seer.  % S. 

S I Ry 

TH  E Approbation  the  former  Communication  of 
my  Ele&rical  Experiments  ( Lranfaft.  Numb. 
417.)  to  the  Royal  Society  did  meet  with, by  their  moil: 
generous  Encouragement,  hath  been  a great  Inducement 
to  me  to  go  on  with  them,  to  fee  what  farther  Difcove- 
ries  I can  make  upon  the  SubjeCt  of  this  Species  of  At- 
traftion.  I {hall  at  prefent  communicate  only  two  Ex- 
periments j the  firft  (hewing  that  Water  may  have  an 
Attractive  Vertue  communicated  to  it  from  an  EleCtrick 
Body  ; the  other,  that  Water  is  not  only  attracted  by 
the  T ube,  or  any  other  abfolutely  Eleclrick  Body,  but 
that  this  Attraction  is  attended  with  feveral  remarkable 
Circumftances. 

I.  In  the  former  Account  of  my  Experiments,  I, 
deferibed  the  manner  of  communicating  an  Attraction 
to  a Bubble  of  foaped  Watery  but  I have  now  found, 
that  even  a Body  of  Water  receives  an  AttraB ive 
Fertile,  and  alfo  a Repelling  oney  by  applying  the  ex- 
cited Lube  near  it , after  the  fame  manner  as  folid 
Bodies  do.  To  perforin  this  Experiment,  I caufed 
a wooden  Diih  to  be  turned,  with  a Screw*hole  at  the 
Bottom,  but  not  fo  far  as  to  come  through  the  Wood  : 
This  was  ferewed  on  to  the  upper  End  of  one  of 
the  Stands  I have  mentioned  in  the  other  Experiments,, 
the  other  Top  being  taken  off  : The  Diih  was  about 


( ii8  ) 

four  Inches  Diameter,  and  one  Inch  deep.  Then  the 
Stand  was  fet  on  a Cake  of  Rofin,  or  a Plate  of 
Glafs,  or  the  Brims  of  a Drinking-Glafs,  or  of  a 
Cylindrick  one,  fuch  as  are  ufed  for  Water  Glalfes. 
The  Glafs  muli  be  firft  warmed,  then  the  Difh  being 
filled  with  Water,  the  Tube  rubbed,  and  moved  both 
under  the  Difh  and  over  the  Water  three  or  four  times, 
without  touching  them.  After  it  has  been  excited, 
not  only  the  Difh,  but  the  Water  alfo,  becomes  Elec- 
trical ; and  if  a finall  Piece  of  Thread,  or  a narrow 
Slip  of  thin  Paper,  or  a Piece  of  Sheet-Brafs,  com- 
monly called  Tinfel,  be  held  over  the  Water  in  an 
horizontal  Pofition,  within  about  an  Inch  or  fome 
times  more,  any  of  the  faid  Bodies  will  be  attra&ed 
to  the  Surface  of  the  Water,  and  be  repelled,  but  not 
fo  often  as  by  Solids.  If  a pendulous  Thread  be  held 
at  fome  Diftance  from  the  outfide  of  the  Difh,  it  will 
be  attracted  and  repelled  by  it  many  times  together 
with  a very  quick  Motion,  but  not  at  fo  great  a Di- 
ftance as  when  the  Difh  is  empty. 

II.  An  Experiment  Jhew'tng,  that  Water  is  attract- 
ed by  the  fube,  and  that  the  Attraction  is  at- 
tended 'with  fever al  remarkable  and  furprifing 
Phenomena. 

This  Experiment  being  to  be  made  with  final  1 
Quantities  of  Water,  I at  firft  made  ufe  of  fome  &C 
the  Brafs  Concave  little  Difhes  in  which  I formerly 
ground  Microfcopes ; but  have  fince  caufed  to  be  made 
a more  convenient  Apparatus,  which  confifts  of  a fmall 
Pedeftal  of  about  four  Inches  and  a half  long,  the  Bale 
of  Ivory  about  two  Inches  Diameter.  Upon  the  up- 
per End,  as  in  the  larger  Stand,  there  is  a Screw,  up- 
on 


( up  ) 

on  which  is  fcrewed  on  one  of  the  little  Difiles,  which 
are  made  of  Ivory : Of  thefe  I have  feveral  Sizes, 
from  three  Quarters  to  one  Tenth  of  an  Inch  Diame- 
ter. W ten  any  one  of  thefe  little  VelTels  is  filled  with 
Water,  fo  as  that  it  may  Hand  above  the  Brims  of  the 
Cup,  and  has  acquired  a Spherical  Surface  (as  it  will 
do  in  thefmalleft  Cups)  let  it  be  fet  on  the  Table  with 
the  little  Stand  to  which  it  had  before  been  fcrewed,  or, 
which  is  betrer,  upon  the  larger  Stand  mentioned  above, 
the  great  Diih  being  taken  off,  and  the  frnall  plain 
Top  fcrewed  on  ; being  thus  prepared,  let  the  Tube  be 
excited,  and  held  over  the  Water  at  the  Diftance  of 
about  an  Inch  or  more.  If  it  be  a large  Tube,  there 
will  firft  arife  a little  Mountain  of  Water  from  the  Top 
of  the  Drop,  of  a conical  Form,  from  the  Vertex  of 
which  there  proceeds  a Light  (very  vifible  when  the 
Experiment  is  performed  in  a dark  Room)  and  a flap- 
ping Noife,  almoft  like  that  when  the  Fingers  are  held 
near  the  Tube,  but  not  quite  fo  loud,  and  of  a more  flat 
Sound:  Upon  this  immediately  the  Mountain,  if  I may 
focall  it,  falls  into  the  reft  of  the  Water,  and  puts  it 
into  a tremulous  and  waving  Motion.  I h ;ve  now  a 
few  Days  (ince  repeated  this  Experiment  in  the  Day- 
time, where  the  Sun  fhined  : I perceived  that  there 

were  final!  Particles  of  Water  thrown  out  of  the  Top 
or  the  Moutr,  and  that  fometimes  there  would  arife 
a very  fine  Stream  of  Water  from  the  Vertex  of  the 
Cone,  in  the  manner  of  a Fountain,  from  which  there 
iflued  a fine  Steam,  or  Vapour,  whofe  Particles 
were  fo  fmall  as  not  to  be  feen  ; yet  it  is  certain  that 
it  mull  be  fo,  fince  the  under  Side  of  the  Tube  was 
wet,  as  I found  when  I came  to  rub  the  Tube  again  j 
and  I have  fince  found,  that  though  there  does  not 

always 


( ) 

always  arife  that  Cylinder  of  Water,  yet  there  is 
always  a Steam  of  invifible  Particles  thrown  on  the 
Tube,  and  fometimes  to  that  Degree  as  to  be  vi- 
iible  on  it.  When  fome  of  the  larger  Cups  are 
made  ufe  of,  they  are  to  be  filled  as  high  as  may  be 
without  running  over:  The  Surface  will  be  flat  about 
the  middle  Part,  but  when  the  Tube  is  held  over 
it,  the  middle  Part  will  be  deprdfed  into  a Concave, 
and  the  Parts  towards  the  Edge  be  raifed  ; and  when 
the  Tube  is  held  over  againft  the  Side  of  the  Water, 
the  little  conical  Protuberance  of  Water  iffues  out  with 
its  Axis  horizontally,  and  after  the  crackling  Noife, 
returns  to  the  reft  of  the  Water,  and  fometimes  there 
will  be  thrown  out  of  it  fmall  Particles  of  the  fame, 
as  from  the  fmaller  Portions  of  Water  above  mention- 
ed. I am, 

SIR, 

, i '»  . j 5 H ' , * ..  . . i. 

The  Society's , and  Tour  mofi 

Obedient  Servant, 


Stephen  Gray. 

i . ' { i - I I 


CJJ 


( *$l  ) 

III.  The  Method  of  making  the  heft  Mortar  at 
Madrafs  in  Eaft  India ; defer ibed  in  a Letter 
from  the  Honourable  lfaac  Pyke,  Efq$  Go- 
vernor of  St.  Helena,  to  Edmund  Halley, 
L.  L.T>.  (Reg.  Jflr.  Fice-Trejident  S.  and  by 
him  communicated  to  the  Royal  Society. 

TAKE  fifteen  Bulhels  of  frefli  Pit- Sand,  well 
lifted ; add  thereto  fifteen  Bulhels  of  Stone- 
Lime  : Let  it  be  moiftened  or  flack’d  withYVater  in  the 
common  manner,  and  fo  laid  two  or  three  Days  together. 

Then  diifolve  xo  16  of  Jaggery , which  is  courfe 
Sugar  (or  thick  Molafles)  in  Water,  and  fprinkling 
this  Liquor  over  the  Mortar,  beat  it  up  together  till 
all  be  well  mixed  and  incorporated,  and  then  let  it  lie 
by  in  a Heap. 

Then  boil  a Peck  of  Gramm  (which  is  a Sort  of 
Grain  like  a Tare,  or  between  that  and  a Pea)  to  a 
Jelly,  and  ftrain  it  off  through  a courfe  Canvafs,  and 
preferve  the  Liquor  that  comes  from  it. 

Take  alfo  a Peck  of  Myrabolans,  and  boil  them 
likewifetoa  Jelly,  preferving  that  Water  alfo  as  the 
other  j and  if  you  have  a Veffel  large  enough,  you 
may  put  thefe  three  Waters  together  j that  is,  the 
J aggery-W ater,  the  Gram- Water,  and  the  Mira - 
bolan.  The  Indians  ufually  put  a fmall  Quantity 
of  fine  Lime  therein,  to  keep  their  Labourers  from 
drinking  of  it. 

The  Mortar  beat  up,  and  when  too  dry,  fprinkled 
with  this  Liquor,  proves  extraordinary  good  for  lay. 
ing  Brick  or  Stone  therewith ; keeping  fome  of  the  Li. 

H h quor 


( *32  ) 

quor  always  at  Hand  for  the  Workman  to  wet  his 
Bricks  therewith  ; and  if  this  Liquor  prove  too 
thick,  dilute  it  with  frefh  Water. 

Obferve  alfo,  that  the  Mortar  here  is  not  only  to 
be  well  beaten  and  mixed  together,  but  alfo  laid  very 
well,  and  every  Brick,  or  Piece  of  Brick,  flufhed  in 
with  the  Mortar,  and  every  Cranny  filled  up,  yet 
not  in  thick  Joints,  like  the  common  EngTtJB  Mortar; 
and  alfo  over  every  Courfe  of  Bricks,  fome  to  be 
thro  wed  on  very  thin  : And  where  the  Work  hath 
flood,  though  but  for  a Breakfaft  or  a Dining-time, 
before  you  begin  again  wet  it  well  with  this  Liquor 
with  a Ladle,  and  then  lay  on  your  frefh  Mortar 
for  this  Mortar,  notwithftanding  its  being  thus  wet- 
ted, .dries  muchfooner  than  one  not  ufed  to  it  would 
conceive,  but  efpecially  in  hot  Weather. 

For  fome  very  ftrong  Work,  the  fame  Mortar  above 
is  improved  as  follows  : 

Take  courfe  Tow  and  twift  it  loofely  into  Bands 
as  thick  as  a Man’s  Finger  (in  England  Ox-Hair  is 
ufed  inflead  of  this  Tow)  then  cut  it  into  Pieces  of 
about  an  Inch  long,  and  untwift  it  fo  as  to  lie  loofe  ; 
then  drew  it  lightly  over  the  other  Mortar,  which  is  at 
the  fame  time  to  be  kept  turning  over,  and  fo  this  Stuff 
to  be  beat  into  it,  keeping  Labourers  continually  beating 
in  a Trough,  and  mixing  it  till  it  be  well  incorporated 
with  all  the  Parts  of  the  Mortar.  And  whereas  it 
will  be  fubjeft  to  dry  very  faft,  it  muft  be  frequently 
foftned  with  fome  of  the  aforefaid  Liquor  of  Jaggery* 
Gram,  and  Myraholans * and  fome  frefh  Water;  and 
when  it  is  fo  moiflened,  and  beat,  it  will  mix  well, 
and  with  this  they  build  (though  it  be  not  ufual  to 
build  common  Houfe-Walls  thus)  when  the  Work 

is 


( M3  ) 

is  intended  to  be  very  ftrong  ; as  for  Inftance,  Ma~ 
drafs  Church  Steeple,  that  was  building  when  I was 
laft  there;  and  alfo  for  fome  Ornaments,  as  Columns, 
good  arched  Work,  or  Imagery  fet  up  in  Gardens,  it  is 
thus  made. 

Though  for  common  Buildings  about  Madrafs , 
where  the  Rainy  Seafon  holds  not  above  three  Months 
in  the  Year,  and  fometimes  lefs,  they  ufually  lay  all 
the  common  Brick-Work  in  a loamy  Clay,  and  plainer 
it  over  on  both  Sides  with  this  Mortar,  which  is  yet 
farther  to  be  improved.  Thus  far  for  Building- 
Mortar. 

Having  your  Mortar  thus  prepared,  as  is  before 
defcribed,  you  muft  feparate  fome  of  it,  and  to  every 
half  Bulhel,  you  are  to  take  the  White  of  five  or  fix 
Eggs,  and  four  Ounces  of  Ghee  (or  ordinary  unfalted 
Butter)  and  a Pint  of  Butter-Milk,  beaten  all  well 
together:  Mix  a little  of  your  Mortar  with  this,  un- 
til all  your  Ghee,  Whites  of  Eggs,  and  Butter-Milk 
be  foaked  up ; then  foften  the  reft  well  with  plain 
frefh  Water,  and  fo  mix  all  together,  and  let  it  be 
ground,  a Trowel  full  at  a time,  on  a Stone  with  a 
Stone-Roller,  in  the  fame  manner  that  Chocolate  is 
ufually  made,  or  ground  in  England ; and  let  it 
ftand  by  in  a Trough  for  Ufe.  And  when  you  ufe 
it,  in  cafe  it  be  too  dry,  moiften  it  with  fome  Water, 
or  the  before  mentioned  Liquor.  This  is  the  fecond 
Coat  of  Plaiftering. 

Nate,  When  your  firft  Coat  of  Plaiftering  is  laid 
on,  let  it  be  well  rubbed  on  with  a hardening  Trowel, 
or  with  a fmooth  Brick,  and  ftrewed  with  a gritty 
Sand,  moiftened,  as  Occafion  requires,  with  Water,  or 
the  before-mentioned  Liquor,  and  then  well  hardened 

Hhi  on 


( z 3 4 V 

on  again  $ which,  when  half  dry,  take  the  laft  men- 
tioned Compofition  for  your  fine  Plaiftering  \ and  when 
it  is  almoft  dry,  lay  on  your  Whitening  Varnilh  ; 
but  if  your  Work  fhould  be  quite  dry,  then  your  Chi - 
nam  Liquor  mult  be  walhed  over  the  Work  with  a 
Brulh. 

The  bed  Sort  of  Whitening  Varnilh  is  thus  made. 
Take  one  Gallon  of  ‘toddy , a Pint  of  Butter-Milk, 
and  fo  much  fine  Chinam,  or  Lime,  as  fhall  be  pro- 
per to  colour  it  ; add  thereunto  fome  of  the  Chinam 
Liquor  before  mentioned,  wafh  it  gently  over  there- 
with ; and  when  it  is  quite  dried  in,  do  the  fame 
again.  And  a Plaifter  thus  made  is  more  durable  than 
fome  foft  Stone,  and  holds  the  Weather  better  in 
lndia>  than  any  of  the  Bricks  they  make  there. 

In  fome  of  the  fine  Chinam  that  is  to  endure  the 
Weather,  and  where  it  is  likely  to  be  fubjett  to  much 
Rain,  they  put  * Gingerly  Oil  inftead  of  Ghee ; and 
alfo  in  fome  they  boil  the  Bark  of  the  Mango-Txte, 
and  other  Barks  of  aftringent  Natures,  and  ^ 4loest 
which  grow  here  in  great  Plenty  by  the  Sea-fhore  ; 
but  to  all  of  the  fine  Chinam , that  is  for  outfide  Plai- 
ftering, they  put  Butter-Milk,  which  is  here  called 
toyre.  And  for  infide  Work  they  ufe  Glue  made  very 
thin  and  weak,  inftead  of  Size,  for  White-walhing  ;• 
and  fometimes  they  add  a little  Gum  to  it. 

N.  B.  Whereas  fundry  Ingredients  here  mentioned 
are  not  to  be  had  in  England , it  may  not  be  amifs  to 
fubftitute  fomething  more  plentiful  here,  which  I 
imagine  to  be  of  the  fame  Nature. 

As  to  all  the  aftringent  Barks,  I take  Oaken-Bark  to 
be  as  good  as  any. 

* Oleum  S'efami'. 


Inftead 


( ) 

Inftead  of  Siloes,  either  ‘turpentine , or  the  Bark 
and  Branches  of  the  Sloe-Tree.  Though  turpen- 
tine be  not  fo  ftrong,  yet,  if  ufed  in  greater  Quantity, 
may  ferve  to  the  famePurpofe. 

But  there  is  a Sort  of  Aloes  Hepatic  a , often  very 
cheap.  Inftead  of  Mirabolans , fome  Juice  of  ^ Aloes-, 
aifo  inftead  of  Jaggery , courfe  Sugar,  or  Molajfes , 
will  do  •,  inftead  of  toddy , which  is  a Sort  of  Palm- 
Wine,  the  Liquor  from  the  Birch- Tree  comes  near  to 
it. 

Note,  That  in  China,  and  Tome  other  Parts,  they 
temper  their  Mortar  with  Blood  of  any  Sorts  of  Cattle ; 
but  the  Ingredients  before  mentioned  are  faid  to  be  as 
binding,  and  do  full  as  well,  and  does  not  make  the 
Mortar  of  fo  dark  a Colour  as  Blood  will  do. 

The  Plaiftering  above  defcribed,  is  thought  in  In- 
dia vaftly  to  exceed  any  Sort  of  Stucco- Work,  or 
Plaifter  of  Paris  and  I have  feen  a Room  done 
with  this  Sort  of  Terrafs- Mortar  that  has  fully  come 
up  to  the  beft  Sort  of  Wainfcot*Work,  in  Smoothnefs 
and  in  Beauty.  I am, 

/ R, 

Tour  mojt  Obedient  Servant, 

Isaac  Pyke. 


* Sloes,  ■ 


IV.  Epiftola 


( ) 


IV.  Epijlola  'Domini  Huxham,  M.  D.  ad  Ja- 
cobum  Jurin,  M.  D.  S.  <sr  Coll.  Med. 
Soc.  de  Morbo  Colico  Jtngulari. 

t 

VI  R quidam  Quadragenarius,  biliofus,  Scorbuti- 
cusj  inter  Optimates  Damnonios  haud  intimus, 
nuper  interiit,  Pietatem  propter  erga  Deum,  propter 
univerfamerga  Homines  Charitatem,  ab  omnibus  maxi- 
me  defideratus. 

Diu  iJIe  multutnque  Colicis  quibuTdam  Doloribus, 
inferiorem  prascipue  Abdominis  Regionem  irifefhnti- 
bus,  laboraverat,  Flatu  porro  perpetuo  <5v  molefto. 
His  Biennium  circiter,  aut  Triennium  ante  mortem, 
acceffere  QejeQdones  biliofe,  purulentae,  foetid iffimae 
cum  ftrigmentis  fa^pe  mucofis,  fepe  fanguineis  ita  fre- 
quentes  jnfuper,  ut  perfepe  intra  tres,  quatuorveHo- 
ras  Alvus,  ;vei  vicies  folveretur,  perfiftente  ufque  Te- 
nefmo:  tandem  quoque  prodiere  C^runculae  fungofa?, 
iividae,  tetrse,  quarum  aliquas  magnitudinis  faltem  nu« 
cis  myrifticae.  At  vero  utcunque  alvus  citiflime  aegro® 
turn  plerumque  exercebat  ^ nonnunquam  tamen,  mor- 
bo pr^fertim  ingruente,  foret  adftrifta  valde  cum  hor- 
rendo  Tormento  ; nec  nifi  clyftere  dudfa,  aut  cathar- 
ticis  irritata  refponderet.  Subinde  intereaquafi  Fame- 
licus  oblata  qua^cunque  voraret  fubinde  ne  quidem  De- 
licatula,  vel  ad  Dapes  exquifitiffimas  naufeanti,  pla- 
cerent : iFger  autem  indies  emacait.  Fuit  illi  urina 
parcior  St  Temper  biliofa  : Color  vultus  luridus,  fa3pe 
fubflavus, 


Tam 


( ) 

Tamdira,  tam  longa  mala  infra&o  admodum  forti- 
que  plane  animo  pertulit,  donee fu per veneruntdemum 
Tumor  Pedum  Oedematofus,  Delirium,  Facies  Hip- 
pocratlca , fudor  feigidus  5c  oleofus,  certa,  elieu  nimis 
certa ! Mortis  Prasnunck. 

Varia  fuerunt  a variis  prsferipta  medicamina,  iifque 
utique  in  Arte  exercitatiffimis  celeberrimifque  Viris  • 
ex  Ipecacuana  : Scilicet  Emetic  a,  Stomachica,  deob - 
Jtrueutia , glutincmtia , Balfamica>  adftringentia, 
Clyfmata,  multifaria,  omnigena  \ incaffum  omnia,  ni 
quod  Laudanum,. ad  breve  Tempos,  foret  mifero  Sola- 
men.  Quid  Aq.  Briflol. 5c  Bathonienfis,  Quid  Spada- 
na  & Pyrmontenfis  j Quid  obftinata,  quid  accuratifii- 
ma  e La£te6c  Vegetabiii  Diasta  potuerint  inani  omnino 
opera  experiebatur  *,  . ut  ut -per  ; breves  aliquot  Dies 
pauluium  aliquando  recreate  videretur.  i - 

Sicut  Vir  pptimus,  dmn  viveret,  omnibus  prodeffe 
alacriter,  aflidue  ftudebaty  fic,  vel  moriens,  fe  publico 
devovit  Commodo  \ rogans  obnixe,  ut,  Cadavere  in- 
cifo,  Caufam  morbi  tarn  pertinacis,  t ant  am  eludentis 
Artem,  perferutaremur  j ut  melior  forter  detedla  nem- 
pe  Caufa,  pateret  medendi  method  us,  fi  quis  alius  for- 
fan  tali  corriperetur  morbo. 

Aperto  Abdomine  perfpexiraus  Omentum  confump- 
tum  plane  5c  putridum,  Hepar  prastumidum  £>C  Schir~ 
^yf^Tuberculis,  fubalbidis,  duris,  refertum  ; Vefi- 
culam  felieam  Bile  fubnigra  femiplenam  ; tot  urn  Duo- 
denum cum  vicina  Coii  Parte  eodem  Colore  perfufona  : 
Pancreas  maxime  Schirrofum  : medium  llei  Partem  ad 
quinque  fere  Digitos  inftammatam  5c  ferine  lividam. 
Renes  Grant  fani  fatis,  nec  Glandule  mefenterica*  seque 
Sthirrofa  ac  expectiiremus. 


c 


At 


( M*  ) 

At  quod  maxime  notandum  Pars  Coli  Inteftini  fu- 
prema,  quam  Veteres  Caecum  nominarunt  perperam 
(cum  id  potius  ejufdem  Appendici,  ab  iifdem  ita  no- 
minate, conveniat)  in  hocce  Cadavere  non,  quod  af- 
folet,  Reni  dextro,  feu  potius  interne  Peritonei  Lami- 
neRenem  contegenti,  adnexa  fuit,  mediante  Appendice 
vermiculari,  fed  in  Pelvim  delapfa  tres  circiter  infra 
Tulpii  Valvulam  Digitos  cum  fuperiore  Parte  Inteftini 
redi  firmiflime  concreverat : Porro  levius  adhefit  Pe- 
ritonei Tunicefuper  Veficam  urinariam  expanfe,  fur- 
fum  inde  reflexa,  faciens  cum  fuperiore  Inteftini  Parte 
((i  ita  dicam)  angulum  valde  acutum,  fub  cavo  dein 
Hepatis  afcendens  6c  infra  Ventriculi  Fundum  porrefta 
defcendebat  more  folito  6c  in  Redum  definebar. 
Cum  prim  urn  autem  notavimus  ambo  Inteftina  & fu- 
pra  infraque  adhefionem  Gangrena  affeQa  effe,  fufpi- 
cantes  hie  latuiffe  Fundamenta  malorum,  caute  admo* 
dum  lenteque  proceffitnus  Scalpello  inprimis  aperien- 
do  Redum  Inteftinum,  quod  ubi  fadum,  vidimus  in- 
ternam  Tunicam  Sphacelatam  omnino,  nigram  quail 
Atramento  imbutam  6c  maxime  putidam-  huic  porro 
adherentes  fex,  feptemve  Carunculas  fubnigras,  fun- 
gofas,  quarum  rninores  magnitudine  nucem  avellanam 
equabant.  Perfcrutantes  ulterius,  Ulcus  percepimus 
ex  hoc  Inteftino  in  Colon,  ubi  coherebant,  penetrans, 
Digito  mediocri  facile  patens  : Inteftina  vero  adeo 
putrida,  ut  vix  Tadum  ferrent  leviorem.  Majorem 
Coli  Partem  Excrementis  induratis  obfervavimus  in- 
fardam,  etfi  plures  liquidas  Alvi  Dejediones  habuit, 
paulo  ante  mortem  5 tenuioribus  nempe  direde  in  In- 
teftinum  redtum  per  ulceratum  orificium  tranfeuntibus ; 
folidioribus  autem  in  Colo  reftantibus.  Vefica  urina- 
ria fuit  flaccida  valde,  intufque  mucofubrufo  oblita. 

En 


( 2*9  ) 

En  fidam  utique,  licet  minus  elegantem  morbi 
Hiftoriam!  En  quid  incifo  Corpore  perfpedum  ! 
Ex  quibus  conjedura  haud  difficilis,  quae  fuit'Caufa 
morbi : Ex  Anatotnicis  enim  notum  eft,  quod  Concre- 
tio  Inteftinorum  inter  fe  aut  cum  Peritonaeo,  motum 
periftalticum  minuit  maxime.  Vid.  Cowperi  Anato- 
miamExplic.  Tab.  34.  Unde  ad  Locum  Congluti- 
nationis  tarda  admodum  debilifque  Excrementorum 
Impulfio,  eorundem  Congeftio,  Remora  fequentibus  j 
forte  duris  6C  acutis  lsedentibus,  qualia  Oifa  Pruno- 
rum  deglutita,  aut  tale  quid  ; forte  acribus  &C  biliofis 
Humoribus  non  fatis  valide  motu  vermiculari  propul- 
fis,  fed  ad  Angulum  Coli  acutum  fubfiftentibus ; ex - 
inde  aut  Inteftini  Inflammatio,  aut  Corrofio,  Ulcus 
denique  fequebantur  3 tandemque,  in  Horaine  valde 
Cacheftico,  Gangraina.  ar.  . -gib 


Plymouth,  Prid. 
Id.  Mart,  I 73t* 


Cl  j 7:ii  Mlloj  (liJiTJ. b 

‘J  oi; : rr-jiC' ;io:>  <:rjhnoq 

:»  1:  cl  0 m . i ata;-.*  J Ci Ci 

V V)  •;  i 1 1 j X'3  f 1 ™ Olbiit  O'-  " - ~ 

*)*M  J - ' I.U  if  Jill  t Sf  -J  r Jt  ■'  ’ * 5 * ■'■'!>*  t ' 


V.  T>e 


;A!r 

u I. 


i -?'4o  ) 

icboL  mstfm  ~ * r v "A  /•  JptJr.  ;/r  * I r 

; 

V,  De  Figuris  Fluida  fofa/U  induere  pof- 
junt,  tprobkmata  duo  $ cww  conjeBurp.  de  Stcl- 
lis  qutf  -aliquando  prodemt  Vel  dejiciunt ; O'  de 
Anmdo  Saturbi.  • Authored?- etro  Ludovico 
- * j^'Mkifptiituis,  SocktuUs  LondineniiSj 

O'  'Academia  Sckntiarum  Parificnfis  Socio. 

:i:  . . ; . j r; l . , i ■ • ?'  . * 


P R O BL  E M A 

,i  I * / .1  h v - v v F-  J - - - ' • • * A f * *■  * - 1 -/  1 * 


• ■ 2 ■ - ■ 

1NVEN  I RE  Figuram  Sphaeroidis  fluidi  circa 

axem  fotantis,  pofito  quod  flpifb  partes  verfus  cen- 
trum attrahatiiur  fecundum  aliquam  diftantiae  a centro 
dignitatem. 


SOLUTIO.  Fig.  i;  ' 

» 

Sit  P Q_axisrevolutionis,  & P A Q^B  fe&io  Sphs- 
roidis  per  axem  ; jam  cum  partes  fluidi  inter  fe  qui- 
efcant,  columnarum  unaquseque  C D idem  babebit 
pondus  verfus  C ; confiderando  ergo  e columnis  unam 
CD  quae  efficit  cum  C P datum  angulum  cujus  finus 
= h pro  radio  = r,  & qua;  ex  infinitis  cylindru- 
lis  G g componitur ; cylindruli  cujufque  pondus 
verfus  C quaero. 

Grayitas  abfoluta  in  4 cum  fit  data  & =/,  pro 
habenda  gravitate  in  G,  erit / ./  : : C An  CGa;  un- 

, p £ Qn 

de  habebitur  gravitas  in  G feu/  = ^~~cKn' 

Sedcum  propter  revolutionis  motum  pars  quaevis 
fluidi  repelli'tur vi centrifuga fecundum  GH;  & cum 

HI 


< M* l  ) 

dn  mobilibus’qus  contemporfiieas circulationes  abfbl- 
vunt  vires  cen  trifugs  fiat  tit  circulorum  defcriptorum 
radij  ; fi  vis  centrifuga  ia  A fit  data  & =/,  pro  ha- 

/, 

benda  vi  centrifuga  in  G,  erit  f.f  ; : CA.L  G = 
(obLG,CG::A.l)  £CG  ; unde  habebitur  vis 

centrifuga  in  G feu  f = '•  Sed  vishaec  cutn 

fecundum  G H agat  decomponenda  eft  in  duas  vires 
K H & G K ex  quibus  una  tantum  G K partem  ali- 
quam  vis  fecundum  G C tollit.  Habebitur  ergo 

vis  ilia  G K dicendo  G H . G K vel  i . i b , , 


fhh.  CG- 


C A 


vi  cylindrulym  G g verius  D tra- 


Jienti.  Vis  ergo  cylindrulum  G g verfqs  C trahens 


erit  tantum 


/.C6°  fhh.. C G . 


C A” 


C A 


8c  pondus  cyW 

lindmli  verius  C,  erit 

Jam  columns  C G ex  cylindrulis  iftis  conflats  pon- 

, -ft-  CG"  f b h.C  G \ _ -:™!  >- 

dus “'H  cr  ■ CA- J G * ‘»uod  “m 

G £ fit  Elementum  ipfius  C G,  dabit  pro  pondere  co- 

, ' ■’  p CG"’''  fbhC  G*  3."  • 

lumns  G G,  & pr°  P°a* 

dere  totius  columns  C D, 

quod  efficere  debet  pondus  conftans  A. 

Si  ergo  vocentuf  C A = a,  C D =5  r,  habebitqr 

"*■  /-  . * v J 

Et  cum  squatio  hsc, 

I i z qus- 


f rfff  fhh  rr " 


-+  i.-«“ 


( ^ 4 ^ ) 

quaecunque  fit  h , Temper  obtineat,jam  fi  h proinde- 
terminata  fumatur,  sequatio  praecedens  relationem 
dabit  inter  radium  quemvis  C D & fmum  anguli  quem 
cum  axe  P Q^facit. 

Nunc  determinanda  eft  quantitas  conftans  A.  Ut 
aequatio  praecedens,  fit  ad  fedtionem  fphaeroidis  illius 
cujus  femi  axis  CA  = ^,  oportet,  quando  angulus 
D C P eft  redhis,  vel  quando  h = i,  fit  r = a ; tunc 

ergo  habetur 


c 


#-}- 1 . an 


t a a 

J — - = A,  vel  A = 
2 a 


> 


x .n  - f-  i 

^ ^ x h fo  v ¥ 

Et  fic  aequatio  corre&a,  erit  

-)  „ vel 


=c 


2 . 0 -f" 


i/rnt«  — C ^ + 1 ) 


,n  + t 


f h h an~~l  rr=(2 f — — f) 

iEquatio  haec,  omnium  fphaeroidum  fedtionesdeter- 
minat  qucecunque  fit  dignitas  diftantias,  fecundum 
quam  fit  attradtio;  una  tan  turn  excepta  hypothefi  in 
qua  attradtio  foret  in  ratione  fimplicis  diftantiae  a 
centro  inverfa. 


Us  L 


ad 


n . C G” 
C An 


In  hoc  cafu  recurrendum  erit 

■ ■ :- 

fhh.  CGV  e./T’-CA  fhh.CG\ 

!—CA  >*  ■*uod  tonc  ftCW  "c TT> 

G^'  cujus  fluens  non  nifi  per  Logarithmos  habetur,  & 

A;  vel  pro 

fhhrr 


prodit  / . C A log,  CG — L ^ ^ q ^ 


pondere  totius  columnce / a log.  r • 


z a 


— A. 


Ut 


( *4?  ) 

Ut  corrigatur  hxc  aequatio,  oportet  ut  quando 
h = i,  fit  r = a \ tunc  ergo  habetur  / a log.  a — 

— A ; & aequatio  corre<fta,eft / « log.  r — i—klH 


=/*  log. * vel  z fa  log 

f a ; vel  rranfeundo  ad  numeros  & fumendo  c — nu- 

ifhhrr  _ / \ 

mero  cujus  log,  = i,  habecur  r =z  a c 

Paret  meridianos  fphaeroidum  Temper  prodire 
curvas  algebraicas  excepta  tantum  ifta  hac  hypo- 
thefi. 

Si  harum  omnium  curvarum  defideretur  aequatio 
more  folito  per  coordinatas  redtangulas,  facile  habe- 
retur.  Nam  faciendo  C E = x,  &DE  —y*  cr*c 
r r = x x -j-  y jy,  & h r = y.  Exterminando 
ergo  h 6c  r ex  sequatione  generali,  invenietur 


x a 
fhhrr 


n—  i 


zf(xx+yy)‘  — ( n-\-i)fa  y y = 
(a/  — »/— /)  «n  + I- 

(to  - ^). 

Etincafu»  = — i a;  -|-j/j/=<z  a <•  ^ 


Sed  prima  noftra  ratio  definiendi  curvas  per 
radios  8c  angulos  asque,  & forfan  hie  magis  com- 
moda  eft  quam  ilia  quae  definit  curvas  per  coordi- 
natas. 

Quamvis  h,  ut  variabilis  traeftatur,  tamen  non  ultra 
certos  limites  variat,  & hi  limites  funt  o dc  i ; no- 
ftra itaque  asquatio  radialis  non  definit  nifi  partetn  cur- 
vae  cujus  amplitudo  eft  angulus  re<ftus ; fed  cum  cur- 
vas  iftas  ex  quatuor  arcubus  fimilibus  & aequalibus 

conftent, 


( i44  ) 

conftent,  dantur  curvse  meridianorum  integrse  per 
aequationem  noftram. 

Jam  facile  determinatur  ratio  inter  ambos  Se&ionis 
axes  in  quavis  Hypothefi. 

Cum  aequatio  generalis  fiti  p r n + I — («  -|-  i) 
f hhaa~l  r r = (z  p — nf  — f)  a n+I  ; ut  inveni- 
atur  r quando  h — o,  habetur  z p r n + 1 = 
{ip — n f — • f)  a*1*'.  Ex  quo  elicitur  CA  . 

t I 


zp 


CP  ::  W'.  ( zp-nf-ff'. 

Et  in  Hypothefi  gravitatis  fimplici  difiantiae  reci- 

proce  proportionalis,  habetur  Log  ^ 

f 

Ex  quo  elicitur  Log.  C A — Log.  CP  = 

Patet  quod  n exiftente  numero  affirmativo,  inte- 
gro,  feu  fra<fto,  hoc  eft  in  omnibus  hypothefibus  gra- 
vitatis diretfte  proportionalis  alicui  diftantix  digni- 
tati,  diameter  tequatoris  axe  revolutionis  major  iem- 
per  erit.  Sed  fi  fit  n numerus  aliquis  negativus,  hoc 
eft,  fi  gravitas  proportionalis  fit  inverfe  alicui  dignita- 


ti diftantiae,  habebitur  CA.CP::  (i/) 

I * 


(zp^nf — /)  n+l  ;nuncfi»<:i,fitk  = i — »; 

I I 

6c  habebitur  C A .C  P ::  (i/  — k f )k  ; 

& fi  « > i , fit » — i = k:  & habebitur  CA.CP  : : 

I I I 

(z  p)~  \ (zp  + k/r  k,  vel  CA.CP  : : (zp  +k  ff 
1 

( z p)k  . Infuper  invenimus  quod  n exiftente  = • — i, 

babe- 


( M5  ) 


f 

habeturLog. C A — Log. CP  ==  Ex  quibus patet 

nullam  effe  hypothefin  in  qua  diameter  asquatoris 
non  fuperet  meridiani  diametrum. 

Sphasroidum  figura,  utfatis  apparet,  a rattone,quam 
habet  vis  centrifuga  ad  gravitatem,  dependet.  Nunc, 
qualis  effe  poffit  in  quibufdam  hypothefibus  ifla  ra- 
ratio,  videamus,  8c  qux  inde  figura  fphxroidibus 
eveniet. 

Si  gravitas  uniformis  fupponatur,  erit  n = o &habe- 
hitur  C A . C P : : 2 p -^p  — f-  Itaque  in  terra  ubi 
vis  centrifuga  fub  aequatore  289^  gravitatis  partem 
asquat,  fi  quaeratur  ratio  quam  habet  diameter  aequa- 
toris  ad  axem  in  hypothefi  gravitatis  uniformis 
( ponendo  289  pro  pr  Sc  1 pro  /)  habebitur 
CA  . CP : : 578.  577. 


Poffet  vis  centrifuga  aequari  gravitati,  quod  obti- 
neret  fi  terras  revolutio  diurna  17  vicibus  celerior  red- 
deretur  ; & tunc  haberetur  CA.CP::i.  1 . Sed 
fi  revolutio  magis  ac  magis  cita  fieret,  partes  fuccef- 
five  difliparentur  donee  tandem  terra  adatomum  uni- 
cam redigeretur.  Ex  quo  patet  quod  in  hac  hypo* 
thefi  gravitatis  uniformis,  terra  circa  polos  nunquam 
poteft  effe  depreffior  quam  fi  diameter  asquatoris  fit 
duplo  major  axe  revolutionis.  In  hoc  cafu  terra  con- 
ftaret  ex  duobus  paraboloidibus  ficut  invenit  D. 
Huygens  in  trattatu  de  caujd  gravitatis  pro  hac 
hypothefi  particular!  quam  folam  examinavit. 

Si  gravitas  diftantii?  a centre  proportionalis  ftatuatur, 
erit  n = 1,  & habebitur  C A .C  P : : Vp  — /). 

Si  igitur  vis  centrifuga,  gravifati  fieret  aequalis,  dia- 
meter aequatoris,  axe  revolutionis  fieret  infinite  ma- 
jor, Hoc  eft,  fphasrois  planum  tantum  circulare  foret* 


( *4<*  ) 

Et  cum  in  hac  hypotheft  vis  centrifuga  ad  gravitatem 
omties  pofiit  habere  rationes  a ratione  nulla,  ufquead 
aequalitatis  rationem,  patet  aequatoris  diametrum  ad 
axem  revolutionis  omnes  has  rationes  habere  pofie  ; 
& fphxroidem  quas  in  hacJiypothefi,  femper  eft  El- 
lypiois,  pofie  efie  omnes  Ellypfoides  a fphaera  ufque 
ad  circuium.  Sed  in  hac  etiam  hypothefi,  vis  cen- 
trifoga  ultra  crefcere  nequit. 

Si  gravitas  quadrato  diftantias  reciproce  propor- 
tionalis  ponatur,  eric  n = — z ; & habebitur 

C A . C P : : z p + / . z p.  Ex  quo  liquet  in  hac  hy- 
pothefi vim  centrifugam  femper  crefcere  pofie,  vel 
quod  eodem  rcdit,  motum  revolutionis  citiorem 
femper  fieri  pofie,  nec  tamen  fphasroidis  partes  difli- 
parentur. 

S C H O L I O N. 

Casterum,  ex  his  omnibus  hypothefibus  nullam 
quafi  in  natura  revera  datam  hie  ufurpo  : fiquidem 
interiores  corporum  partes  non  gravitant  verlus  cen- 
trum aliquod  unicum  juxta  proportionem  quamvis 
diftantiarum  ab  hoc  centro  in  corporibus  pofito.  At- 
traeftio  partium  ex  forma  corporis  dependet,  ut  & vi- 
ciftim  forma  dependet  ex  attra&ione.  Idcirco  omnes  hae 
determinationes,  funt  magis  mathematics  quam  phyfi- 
eas.  U nde  fit,  quod  D.  Newton  indeterminatione  axis 
terras  & diametri  xquatoris  rationem  invenerit  diver- 
fain  ab  Huygeniana  & a noftris,  nempe  earn  quae  eft 
inter  zzy  & 230.  Summus  vir  folutionem  mere  geo- 
metricam  per  hypothefes  neglexit,  ut  naturae  magis 
confentaneam  daret. 


PR  OB- 


( H7  ) 

PROBLEMA  II. 

Pofito  quod  materia  fluens  circa  axem  extra  fluen- 
tum  fumtum,  attrahatur  verfus  centrum  in  hoc  axepo- 
fitum  vi  alicuidiftantias  a centro  dignitati  proportio- 
nal! ; dum  interea  propter  fiuenti  partium  attraQrio- 
nem  mutuam,  fit  altera  attraftio  verfus  aliud  centrum 
intra  fluentum  fumtum,  qua  in  quavis  fe£tione  fluent! 
revolutionis  perpendiculariter  per  centrum  exterius 
facia,  fit  alicui  diftantiae  a centro  interiori  dignitati 
proportionalis : invenire  figuram  quam  fluentum  in- 
duet.. 

S O L U T I O.  (Fig.  z.) 

Sit  A DP  a cl  Q_A  feclio  fiuenti  gyrantis  circa  ax- 
em A A per  planum  revolutioni  re&um  quod  tranfit 
per  centrum  y fa£ia.  Sit  y centrum  virium  centripeta- 
lum  extra  fluentum  fumtum  ; & C centrum  verfus 
quod  partes  fiuenti  attrahuntur  in  feftione  fumtum. 

Ut  fluidi  partes  in  tequilibrio  maneant,  oportet  pon- 
dus  cujufque  columnag  C D turn  a gravitate  verfus  yr 
turn  verfus  C,  turn  a vi  centrifuga  ortum,,  idem  ubi- 
que  maneat. 

Sit  ergo  gravitas  in  A verfus  y,  data  Sc  = w,  gra- 
vitasin  A verfus  C,  data  dc  =J)t  &C  vis  centrifuga  in 
A,  etiam  data  6c  = f.  Sit  A C = a,  C y — by 
eg  = r y finus  ang.  D G P = b pro  radio  = I erit 
GL  = b r,  SC  e y demifla  perpendiculari  y R in  ra- 
dium C D produ&um,  erit  C R = h by  &C  y G == 
(per  iiaroElem.,  lib.  z.)  \/(b  b -\-  z b h r -\-  r r). 

K k Jam. 


( 248  ) 

Jam  cum  fit  gravitas  in  ' A verfus  y ==.  dicendo 

, m j m 

7T.  tt  : : (a  -f-  b)  (b  b + z b h r -f  r r)  habebitur 

^ m 

Gfeu L = tt  (bb  + ibbr+rr') 

(■a  + t.r, 

Et  ut  verfus  C derivetur, dicatur  t.tt  ::  Gy.-G  R, 


gravitas  in 


vel 


2,  *** 

tt  (b  b + z b hr  4-  rr)  " ,,  , . .. 

(a  + b)m  ^ 


Z «• 


r r)  . b h + r ; unde  habetur  vis  ab  attra&ione  ver- 
fus y,  derivata  verfus  C,  feu 

" 7r(bh-\-r)  (b  b -f-  1 b h r 4-  r r)- [~ 

( a + ^)m 

Habetur  infuper  (cum  gravitas  in  A verfus  C,  fit 

n 

P V 

— 2)  gravitas  in  G verfus  C = — n ; Gravitas  ergo 

a 

tota  verfus  C ex  gravitatibus  ambabus  verfus  y & C 

orta  habebitur  =^±r)(bb+xb br+rr^  , 
p rn 

• 


(<?  -J-  b ) 


a 


Nunc  eum  fit  vis  centrifuga  in  A,  = /;  dicendo 

/ j'  ::  a -\-  b.  b + hr  habetur  vis  centrifuga  in 

G feu  / = - — 7 ~ ; ■&  ut  pars  iflius  vis  quje  ver- 

a b , 

fus  D trahit  inveniatur  ; fiat  /.  f ::  G H.  G K,  vel 

f (b  4-  v ..  j j, ; uncje  habetur  vis  gravitati 
<2  -j-  6> 


„ . r v fh(b  + hr 

verfus  C oppofita  feu/  = J 


Vis 


eric 


( *49  * 

Vis  ergo  verfus  C ex  omnibus  his  viribus  refultans, 

m—  i > 

ir(b  h -\-r)  1 , p rn 


(a  -j-  b 


a 


f hfb  -\-  hf) 

T+ 1 * 

Goncipiendo  ergo  ut  in  primo  problemate  coium- 
mam  C D,  ex  infinitis  cylindrulis  r compofitam,  ha- 

bebitur  p ^r(bh  + r)  (bb  + rbhr-\ - rrj 


m—  i 

2. 


(a  + &)“  1 

~^r>  quod  asquari  debec  alicni 


m+i 


conftanci  ponderi.  Erit  ctgp  — (&b-\-ibbr-\-rt')  2 

° ^ i T~  / „ i Amu 


n+i 


-f-  r.  (a  -\-b)' 

f b hr  fhhrr  ^ 


(»  -f -i).  an  a -)-  ^ ( a -j-  b) 

Ut  corrigatur  hax  sequatio,  oportet  quando  h — i 

efle  r = a-,  tunc  ergo  habetur  ir'^a  — -*-?  a 

fab  f a a 


+ 

m + i »-f- 1 


i (<*  + 

>7r  {b~b-\-  xb  hr  r r)~I 
(z»  -fi-.i)  («  -}-  £)m 
I*  £ r r 7r  (^4-  i 

x 4- 


= A.  Et  sequatio  coredfca,  erit 

rnt  J' 

, /r“+I  fbhr 


1 49 

p a fab 


n + 1 


-j-  b 


K k X 


Vci 


( 2 5°  ) 

Vel  fcribendo  c pro  a -f  b>  & q pro  (*#-}-  v)  x 
(«  -f-  i)  z (#  + *)  7T  an  (b  b -f-  x b h r -j-  r r) 

4-  2-  («?  4-  0 / r "+I  — 1 % f a*  b c m~l  h r 

^ fa  n f”-'  h h r r = x{  n - i)  t an  cm + * 4. 
x ( m 4"  1 ) P an*x  cm  — 2 q fa" *'  bcm~*  — 
qfa" + l f 

Pater,  in  omnibus  hypothefibus,  fe&ionem  fluenti 
cfTe  curvam  algebraicam,  exceptis  tantum  hypothe- 
fibus attraftionis  verfus  y vel  verfus  C in  ratione  fim- 
plicis  diftantise  inverfa ; nam  fi  fit  tantum  m = — 1, 
habebitur  pro  fedtione  fluenti 

~ — L (b  b 4-  2.  b h r 4-  r r)  4~— — 

1 n-fi.an 

f±br_  f hhrjr  =1_(a_+b)  L (a  + by  + 
x {a  4-  b)  x ' ' 

pa  fab  f a a 


n 4-1  a-\-b  z(a-{-b) 

ir  C 


. vel 


r_c  - / bbjj-xbhjj^-fj^\  / r"  * *•  , 

1 \ cc  ) ( »4-  1 ) *n  ~*~ 

fhbr  1 fbh  rr  - pa  fab faa 

c ' x~c  ~i~  »4-  1 c x c ' 

Et  fi  tantum  » = — i,  habebitur 


m + i 


+ + rr)-r-  , a Lr 

m 4-  1.  (a  4-  b)m 
ffhrr  = r(*p) 
x ( a -J-  b)  m-\-  1 
faa  . 

i-  CjJ=- 


fb_hr 

a 4*  b 

fa  b 

a -f 


V (bb 


( Ml  ) 


fjbhr  f h hr  r 

C ' ZC 


m + i 

^ffb^-zbhr~ f-rr)  * 

(m  4- 1)  '.cm 
irc_  f *b  fa  a 

m + i c IT 
Sed  fi  fint  fimul  «r  = — i , & » = — i,  habebitur 

— L (b  b zbh  r -f- V r)  -f-  f a L r — 

£i£r  fp^=*OL±hL  («  + £)■  + 

^ -f  b z (a  -\-b)  z \ \ / * 

fa  b fa  a 


paL  a- 


vel 


7T  £ 

2 


^ -f-  b z{a  by 

*‘Ct+%*;'-+,o:+fi  c?)- 

fb  hr  . f h h r r fa b fa  a 

f ' u f if  ' 

Si  defideretur  squat io  fedtionis  fluenti  per  coor- 
dinatas  re&angulas ; faciendo CE  = x&DE  = y 
habebuntur  dus  squationes  rr  = 

= y,  quarum  ope  exterminabuntur  r 8c  h ex  squa- 
tionibus  fupra  inventis ; & habebitur  pro  caiu  general!, 

m + I 

z {n  + i)  7r  ( b b -f-  2.  by  -\-yy  -f-  x x ) 1 + 

n+  i 


z (m-\-  i) p cm  (xx+yy)  n •—zqfanbcm-1y — 
q f an  cm~1  yy  = z ( n -f-  i)  7 r an  cm+I-(-  z (m  - {- 
i)pa “t*  cm  —zqfa**1  b cm~i  — qf  a** •£*—*. 

Et  eodem  modo  in  cafibus  m = — i,n=  — 1, 
reperientur  squationes  per  coordinatas  re&angulas. 


Ut 


verfus  y orta*  4 


c 25*  ) 

Ut  curvam  PA  invenimus,  ita  quoque  invenie- 
tur  curva  P <0  Qjnutatis  mutandis-.  Nam  tunc  fi  fit 
gravitas  in  a verfus^  data&  = 7 r,  gravitas  in  ver- 
jus  C — vis  centrifuga  in  a = f;  Q a = a9,Cy  ■=_ 
b,  Cg—  r9gl  = br,8c.yg=%/(bb—-zbbr-\~rry 
invenietur  ; gravitas  in  g verfus  C,  ab  attradtione 

m — * 

7r(^^ — r)(bb — zbhr-\-rr)  2. 

(£  — tf)m 

Habetur  infuper  gravitas  in  g verfus  C,  p —r—^. 

Sic  etiam  vis  centrifugaj  pars  in  g quae  trahit  ver* 

r . 1 ■ f h(b  — h r ) 

ins  C invenietur  f = — 

J b—~a 

Sed  h«  pofteriores  vires  nunc  primae  cpponuntur. 

m — 1 

’7 r( — bh-\-r)  {bb — zbhr-\-rr)~T 
(b  — a)m 

A.  Unde  deducitur 


Habebitur  ergo  JT 
prn  . fh  {b 


h 


b 


a 


>> 


m+  1 


-w^bb-T-i  bh r + r r)  ~ 
(m-\-  1 ) (b—~a)m 

f b h r r yr(b  — a)  , / a 

2i  {b  -j*  1 s "*j~  1 

Et  in  cafibus  m = 


, p rn  + 1 , (bar 

I / I W \ y,n  ^ />  St 


{m  -j- 1)  aa 


+ 


fa  b 


b — a 
fa  a 


-—a  z{b — ay 

1,  n = — jy  invenientur 
ut  fupra  aequatione^fe&ionum,  debitis  tantum  iignis 
mutatis.  • , : 1 ■'  1 ■ - 

Et  per  has  sequationes  radiales  invenientur  ?equa-> 
tiones  ad  coordinatas  ut  fadtum  eft  pro  curva  P A Q. 

Et  cum  pondus  columnae  tarn  in  fuperiori  quam  in 
inferior!  curva  debeat  idem  efle,  habebitur  aequatio 
inter  pondus  A in  curva  fuperiori,  & pondus  A in 

infe- 


( 25$  ) 

inferiori,  ex  qua  determinabitur  C a pro  determinata 
C A,  & fic  fedio  fluenti  integra  determinabitur. 

Quaccunque  fit  hypothefis  gravitatis,  femper  pro 
dato  angulo  D C P,  radius  C D obtineri  poteft  dat£ 
longitudinis,  & fic  figura  fluenti  vel  crafiior  vel  te- 
nuior  fiet,  & quidem  modis  infinitis ; pouendo  in 
aequatione  pro  h Sc  r valores  determinates.  Sic  fi- 
eri poteft  ut  p unda  P Sc  Q_coeant,  feribendo  o pro 
b Scr,  Sc  tunc  fedio  fluenti  ex  duabus  ovalibus  fi- 
guris  in  C jundis  conftabit.  Nam  infinite  rationes 
inter  7 r,/,  8cf  qus  ad  id  efficiendum  conveniunt,  ob- 
tinebuntur. 

Si  ex.grat.ultimum  hoc  defideretur,nempe  ut  P & Q_ 
coeant  in  C,  habebitur  z ( # -}-  1 ) t r bm*1  = 
z ( n -f-  1 ) 7r  -f-  z (m  4-  1 ) p a cm  — 
z qfa  b cm~ 1 — q f aacm~"1.  Unde  eliciuntur  infi- 
nitae  rationes  inter  7 r,p,  8c  f. 

Si  ponatur  gravitas  turn  verfus  y,  turn  verftis  C 
fimplici  diftantiae  a centro  proportionalis  ; fedio  flu- 
enti erit  conifedio.  Et  fi  tunc  defideretur  ut  punda 
P,  Q_  8c  C coeant,  figura  ex  duabus  Eliypfibus  in 
C jundis,  conftabit. 

Nunc  fi  diftantia  C y evanefcat,  vel  duo  centra 
coeant ; erit  b=o  8c  e=  a ; Sc  fluentum  fiet  Iphserois. 

Si  infuper  ponatur  m =n,  8C7r  = 0,  tequatio  ge- 
neralis  fedionis  fluenti  fiet  zprn*'  — 

(»  -j-  1 ) y <*n  1 h hrr  = (z  p — nf — /)<znt  '.Vel  in 

cafu  8 = — = ^ ~ ' " ~~J ^ a 

ut  invenimus  in  primo  problemate  quod  eft  iftius 
calus  tantum  fpecialis. 

SC  HO* 

3 


< *54  ) 


S C H O L I O N. 

Hsc  confideratio  formarum  quas  pro  diverfa  gra- 
Vitatis  ad  vim  centrifugam  ratione,  fluida  induerc  pof- 
funr,  me  induxit  ut  cogicarem  tales  planetarum  for- 
mas forfitan  in  coelis  reperiri,  cum  ad  hoc  celeriori 
fantum  circa  axem  motu,  vel  minori  materia:  deli- 
mitate opus  fit.  Etcnim  quamvis  pauci  quos  novi- 
mus  planet®  fatis  ad  fphaeroidicam  formam  accedanr, 
cur  non  alij  aliarum  formarum  fupra  didiarum  admir- 
terentur  vel  circa  alios  foies,  vel  etiam  circa  noftrum } 
Hi  planetx  lentiformes,  vel  propter  diftantiam,  a no- 
bis nunquam  confpicerentur,  vel  quia  in  piano  Eclip- 
ticas  verfarentur,  aut  in  piano  parum  ad  Eclipticam 
inclinato,  cui  piano  illorum  axis  revolutionis  eflec 
re<3:us,aut  fere  redlus ; nam  in  hoc  fitu  e terra  coiifpi- 
ci  nequirent. 

Cur  etiam  talis  formarum  varietas  inter  fixas,  lo- 
cum non  haberet  ? prasfertim  cum  illas  circa  axem 
gyrari,  folis  inflar  nofiri,  fit  admodum  verifimile. 
Forfitan  fix®  lentiformes  in  coelis  dantur.  Forfitan 
planetis  admodum  excentricis  vel'  cometis  cinguntur, 
qui  cum  in  piano  squatoris  fix®  non  verfentur,  quan- 
do  ad  perihelium  accedunt,  diredlionem  axis  ftell® 
turbant ; 8t  tunc  qua:  nobis  propter  fitum  non  appa- 
rebat,  apparet  ftella,  vel  qua:  apparebat  non  apparet. 
Et  fic  ratio  redderetur  cur  qusedam  ftella:  per  vices 
acccndi  & extingui  videntur. 

Sed  fi  in  quovis  lyftemare  cometa  aliquis  caudaifi 
trahens,  fertur  in  viciniam  alicujus  potentis  planet®', 
quid  eventurum  ? Materia  qnas  a corpore  comets 
dilute,  circa  planetam  trahetur ; 8c  cometa  novam 

mate- 


( M5  ) 

materiam  effuudente,  vel  fufficiente  materia  jam  ef- 
fufae  copia,  orietur  fluxus  circa  planetam  contihuus : 
& quamvis  columns  fluenti  vel  cylindrica,  vel  co- 
nica,  vel  quslibet  alia  forma  primum  fuerit,  vis  ejus 
centrifuga  cum  gravitatibus  turn  a planeta  turn  a ma- 
teria fluenti  ortis,  Temper  earn  latiorem  & tenuiorem 
reddet ; & columna  hsc  curvata  ad  aliquam  e for- 
mis  fupra  definitis  in  Probl.  i°  accedet.  Et  fic  om- 
nium nature  phsnomenorum  maxime  ftupendi,  Sa- 
turni  annuli  ratio  redderetur. 

Interea  dnm  comets  cauda  talem  planets  annulum 
darer,  corpus  ipfum  comets  forfan  etiam  traheretur  fi 
in  diftantia  debits  elTer,  & novus  planets  fateiles 
fieret.  Sic  forfan  plures  comets  fatellitibus  & an- 
nulo  Saturnum  ditarunt : nam  annulum  Saturni  unius 
comets  effluvio  tribuendum  non  videtur,  cum  um- 
bram  in  Saturni  difcum  projiciat  dum  materia  tamen 
caudarum  cometarum  adeo  fit  rara  ut  trans  illam  lu- 
centes  ftells  videri  queant.  Annulus  ergo  Saturni  ex 
plurium  cometarum  caudis  conftare  videtur,  8c  qua- 
rum  materia  propter  attratftionem  Saturni  denfior 
fadta  eft. 

Patet  planetam  fatellites,  nec  tamen  annulum,  ac- 
quirere  pofte  ; nam  non  omnes  comets  candatn  ha- 
bent  : Et  fi  comcta  cauda  carens  trahatur,  planets 
fatellitem  fine  annulo  dabit. 

.Summus  Newton  ftatuit  vapores  cometarum  in 
planetas  fpargi : imo  etiam  hanc  communicationem  ne- 
ceftariam  duxit,  ut  quidquid  liquoris  eonfumitur, 
reparetur.  Viri  illuftriffimi  D.D.  Halley  & Whifton, 
cometas  & cometarum  caudas  planetis  ihfeftas  muca- 
tiones,  ut  polorum  variationem,  diluvia,  iricendia 
iuferre  pofle  crediderunt ; fed  comets  benigniores  ef- 

L1  fecftus 


< m ) 

fedfus  producere  po/Tunt,  & etiam  planetis  aliquando 
res  nairas  & utiles  dare.. 


VI.  An  ExtraB  of  a Letter  from  Oliver  Sc. 
John,  Effc  F.  ^ S-  dated  from  Florence, 
November  the-ictb , 1751,  N.  S.  Communi- 
cated by  R.  Graham,  F.  % S. 

WH  E N I confider  how  many  are  charged  over- 
laid in  the  Bills  of  Mortality,  I wonder  that  the 
Arcutids,  univerfally  ufed  herd,  are  not  ufed  in  Eng- 
land. I here  fend  you  the  Defign  of  one,  drawn  in 
Perfpedtive,  with  the  Dimenfions,  which  are  larger 
than  ufual. 

^ a i i : a*  i * . y • +*  l . : a v/  j w . > l jj  ; * j i*f n o 0 rc;  r . u r 

TheARcuccio.  Vide  Fig.  3. 

«,  The  Place  where  the  Child  lies. 

The  Head-board. 

c,  The  Hollows  for  the  Nurfes  Breads. 
d,  A Bar  of  Wood  to  lean  on  when  Ihe  fuckles 
the  Child. 

e,  A fmall  Iron  Arch  to  fupport  the  faid  Bar. 

The  Length  3 Feet,  1 1nches  and  a half. 

Every  Nurle  in  Florence  is  obliged  to  lay  the 
£hild  in  it,  under  Pain  of  Excommunication.  The 
Arcutio,  with  the  Child  in  it,  may  be  fafcly  laid  en- 
tirely under  the  Bed-cloaths  in  the  Winter,  without 
Danger  of  lmothering. 

VII.  An 


la 


( *37  ) 


\ ‘ \ ^ 

VII.  An  Extract  of ^ a Letter  from  Mr.  Hopkins 

to  Mr.  John  Senex,  F.  % S.  concerning  an 
extraordinary  large  Horn  of  the  Stag  fQnd,  ta- 
ken out  of  the  Sea  on  the  Coaftof  Lancaftwre. 

■ • - - 

INCLOSED  is  a Sketch  of  an  Horn,  which  I 
thought  of  an  extraordinary  Size,  the  Dimenfions 
whereof  are  exa&ly  fet  down,,  as  I took  them  tnyfelf, 
by  laying  a String  along  the  Surface.,  Fid.  Fig.  4. 

Part  of  the  left  Horn  of  a Stag. 

a e the  Length.  30  Inches.  

b b the  Circumference  above  the  third  Branch,  7 
Inches.  . 

c the  Circumference  above  thG  fecond  Branch,  8 
Inches. 


d d the  Circumference  between  the  Brow  and  fe- 
cond Antier,  11  Inches. 
ee  the  Circumference  i o Inches. 
d e the.  Circumference  of  the  Brow-Antler,  6 


Inches.  ,v.«..wv  -1  r.  su  ihu:  10 

ef  the  Length  of  the  Antler,  16  i Inches. 

This  Horn  was  drawn  outof  Raven’s  Barrow 
Hole , adjoining  to  Holker  Old  Park , by  the  Net  of 
a Fifher.man,  90  the  2.0th  of.  June,  1717.  The 
Tide  flows  conftantly  where  it  was  found,  and  the 
Land  is  very  high  near  it. 

This  Horn  is  now  in  the  Poffeflion:  of  Sir  Thomas 
Lowtber,  Bart,  of  Holker,  in  Cartmett  in  Lancajhire. 

SIR , Tour  Humble  Servant, 


Oil: 


•p.rif 


J/X  Jl. 


OfJJ 


Liz 


in 


T.  HdrpK  IN;. 

■ . . ; A, 


Several 


( 2 5 8 ) 

Several  Horns  of  this  Kind , and  extraordinary 
Size,  have  been  frequently  dug  up  in  Bogs  in  Ire- 
land, hut  I never  met  with  an  Account  of  any  being 
-found  in  the  Sea  before.  I pal}  refer  the  Curious  to 
the  Account  of  the  large  Horns  f ound  under  Ground 
in  Ireland,  communicated  to  the  Royal  Society  by 
Sir  Thomas  Molyneux,  M.  D.  F.  R.  S.  which  is 
printed  in  thefe  Tranfabtions,  Numb.i.xj,p.fi,y,  Sz-c. 
and  to  the  Defcription  of  the  MooJ'e  Deer  by  the 
Honourable  Paul  Dudley,  EJqy  F.R.S.  Numb.  368, 
p.  16$,  Sec. 


VIII.  Three  Cafes  communicated  by.  Claudius 
3 Amyand,  Effc  F.  S.  Serjeant  Surgeon  to 
. his  Majejly , 

I.  Concerning  a Child  born  with  the  'Bowels 
hanging  out  of  the  Belly. 

II.  Of  an  extraordinary  Caufe  of  a Suffreffion 
of  Urine  in  a Woman. 

HI.  Of  a Stricture  in  the  middle  of  the  Stomach 
in  a Girl,  dividing  it  into  two  Bags. 

I.  'X'HE  1 8th  of  December,  1730,  Mr.  L *s 

J_  Child  was  born  with  the  greafeft  Part  of  the 
Bowels  hanging  out  of  the  Belly,  by  an  Aper- 
ture about  half  an  Inch  in  Diameter  on  the  Right 
Side  of  the  Navel  String.  The  Birth  was  natural 
andeafy. 

Being  called,  I found  the  Aperture  lined  with  a 
Skin,  and  a Ligament  that  oppofed  the  Reduction  y 

the 


( *5 9 ) 

the  Parts  livid,  and  tending  to  Mortification  ; yet  the 
Child  lived  near  three  Days. 

Upon  opening,  I found  the  Prolapfus  to  confift  of 
all  the  fmall  Guts,  except  the  Duodenum , and  of  all 
the  large  ones,  except  of  a fmall  Portion  of  the  Return ; 
the  Gaul-Bladder  was  about  two  Inches  long,  one  half 
of  which  flood  out  of  the  Abdomen , and  a fmall 
Portion  of  the  Stomach : All  thefe  were  fo  co- 
alesced together,  and  confounded,  that  it  was  impof- 
fible  to  Separate  them  ; though  upon  blowing,  the  In- 
teftinal  Pipe  feemed  to  have  its  ufual  Length.  The 
Liver  was  much  thicker  and  larger  than  ufual,  and 
convex  in  that  Part  of  it,  that  is  naturally  concave : 
And  the  Uterus  and  Bladder  preffed  on  the  left  Side, 
by  the  Weight  of  the  Bowels  preffing  on  the  Right. 

The  Mother  could  afcribe  no  Caufe  for  this  preter- 
natural Formation.  The  Child  came  at  full  Term, 
but  its  Inquietudes  for  fome  Months  before  the  Birth, 
made  the  Mother  apprehend  he  was  not  well.  Saving 
this,  nothing  extraordinary  appeared. 

II.  I was  lately  called  to  a Woman  who  had  a Sup- 
preffion  of  Urine , occafioned  by  the  Menfes  colleded 
in  the  Vagina , preffing  upon  the  Urethra.  She  had 
been  delivered  eight  Months  before  of  two  Children ; 
after  which  the  Caruncuhe  Myrtiformes  had  joined 
together  fo  clofely,  that  there  was  no  room  for  any 
Evacuation  of  the  Menfes.  I made  a crofs  Aperture, 
whereby  near  three  Quarts  of  the  Menfes  colleded 
were  difcharged  $ the  Suppreffion  of  Urine  was  imme- 
diately removed,  and  the  Patient  cured. 

III.  Upon 


1 


( 160  ) 

III.  Upon  opening  the  Body  of  a young  Country 
Girl,  dead  of  a Confumption,  I found  her  Lungs  fu- 
purated  in  many  Places,  and  a Stricture  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  Stomach,  dividing  this  Vifcus  into  two 
Bags.  This  Stricture  appeared  to  have  been  of  fome 
Standing,  and  likely  to  have  occafioned  fome  Difficulty 
in  Digeftion  j but  upon  Enquiry,  her  Miftrefs  and 
Fellow  Servants  faid,  that  her  Appetite  andDigeftions 
were  natural,  and  that  fhe  had  continued  in  a good 
Plight,  till  upon  coming  to  London  ffie  contracted  a 
Cough,  that  had  brought  on  the  Confumption. 


FINIS. 


ADDENDA  Page  230. 

TH  E laft  Experiment  was  repeated  with  hot  Water ; when  the  Wa- 
ter was  attra&ed  much  ftronger,  and  at  a much  greater  Diftance  : 
The  Steam  arifing  from  the  Vertex  was  in  this  Cafe  vifible,  and  the 
Tube  was  fprinkled  with  large  Drops  of  Water.  I tried  the  Experiment 
in  the  fame  Manner  upon  Quickfilver,  which  was  likewife  raifed  up* 
but  by  reafon  of  its  great  Weight,  not  to  fo  great  an  Height  as  the  Wa- 
ter: The  flapping  Noife  was  louder,,  and  lafted  much  longer  than  in 
the  Water. 


L 0 H T>  0 N: 

Printed  for  W.  Innvs,  at  the  Weft-End  of  Sr. 
Taut’s  Church-Tard. 


MDCCXXXII. 


ABCDEF  die drrame  nod  de  graduated'  drdi  DE 
cdord  B C ,&3/kjIcA  Or  ftiyu for  ded/iAeA  fa  A-cJ 

die  dndeeo  node  a dlforuuo fi latitif ?t J eye  i/ei/ie  f if  ana 
IK  die  <dedfe/  f/f  tiAe  /eno  foj  die  f/rv/ for  tAe  /ant /torn; 
d ff/.  dief/i/e/d or  ray  f/a/e  f/if  de  /dr/ yon/ a/  tide  fz)  die  ah 
tide  andfacf  die  arm. 


J^.r/afo&r  ^/e£irvO 


T kilos,  Trans.  JVk 


J 


, Numb.  42 


PHILOSOPHICAL 


For  the  Months  of  April,  May , and  June,  1732. 


The  CONTENTS. 

I.  An  AbftraSl  of  the  Meteorological  Diaries  com- 
municated to  the  Royal  Society,  with  (Remarks 
upon  them  by  W.  Derham,  D.  T).  Canon  of 
Windfor,  and  F. 

II.  The  Pefcription  of  a new  Quadrant  for  taking 
Altitudes  without  an  Horizon , either  at  Sea 
or  Land.  Indented  by  Mr,  John  Elton. 

‘ ' ' ‘ O rT  • ,f 

III.  A remarkable  Cafe  of  a Gentlewoman  who  died 
of  a Hydrops  Ovarii,  in  the  Thirty-third 
Year  of  her  Age,  after  haying  been  tapped 
Fifty- feVen  times.  (By  Mr.  John  Belchier, 

Surgeon. 


IV.  A Letter  from  Mr.  Stephen  Gray  toT>r.~. 
.Mortimer,  Seer.  R.  S.  containing  a farther 
.Account,  of  his  Experiments  concerning  Elec- 
tricity. 

j ■>  •••*'-.:  ’ - nw-x  „ , 

~ v:  - v.  An. 


The  CONTENTS. 

:V.  An  Experiment  to  [hem  that  the  Friction  of 
the  federal  Tarts  in  a Compound  Engine, 
may  he  reduced  to  Calculation  j by  drawing  Con- 
ferences from  fome  of  the  Experiments , fhewn 

before  the Royal  Society  lajl  Tear , upon 

Jimple  Machines,  in  Various  Circumftances,  by 
me.  Now  exemplified  ly  the  Friction  in  a Com- 
bination of  Pullies.  'Ey  the  TeVd-  J.  T.  De- 
faguliers,  LL  T>.  F.  <%.  S.  Jan.  14,  1731. 

O'- . O '*1  O'  rr;  frO  r 1 7 . ,,  f. , f .. 

s.  ~ “ " 4'*/  - - ' v~*  . Vj  J'li  \ x j\  I 

!VI.  An  AbfiraEl  of  a Letter,  written  in  Dutch, 
to  the  llluftrious  Royal  Society  of  London, 
by  Arnold  Marcel,  ( Nephew  to  the  late 
Mr.  Anthony  van  Leeuwenhoek,  F.  S .) 

Communicated  by  the  t^evdw  Dr.  J.  T.  Defagu* 

liers,  F.  <R.  S. 

' ' ' 

\ v.  ' / * w n v?  * r , * t i % 

' -(.■•  Ai-  -Arc.  ,<a--  O - ■ . 


L 0 NT>  0 N : 

Printed  for  W.  Inn  vs,  at  the  Weft. End  of  St. 
^Paul’s  Church-Tard. 


MDCCXXXII. 


c > 

I.  jin  AbflraB  of  the  Meteorological  Diaries  comma* 
nicated  to  the  Royal  Society,  with  (Remarks  upon 
them  by  W.  Derhatn,  D.  T>.  Canon  of  Windfor, 
and  F.  5^.  5. 

Part!.  Containing  Meteorological  Obfervations  made  at 


Coventry , 7 


I New-England,  T 


Upminjter I7D7‘  1 Upminjier,  j 


7*5,  *7*6- 


A TABLE  fhewing  the  Height  of  the  Mercury  in  the  Barometer, 
the  Coaft  and  Strength  of  the  Winds,  and  the  Weather,  on  the  firft 
Day  of  eight  Months  in  the  Years  1707  and  170J.  Obferved  at 
Coventry  in  Warwickjhtre  by  Mr.  H.  ft  eight  on  > F.  R.  S.  and  at  U£- 
minjier  m j EJJex,  by  IV \ <Lerham>  F.  R.  S. 

Coventry  Upminster. 


Month. jBarom. 

Winds. 

Weather. 

Barom. 

Winds. 

Clouds. 

Weather, 

Inc.  Dec* 

Inc.  Cent* 

- • 

J«iy- 

*9<  > 2 
25 

4 

S a 
S W3 

a 

Cloudy 
with  §un- 
fhine. 

2p.  35> 
36 

5* 

s a 
w 7 

s w 

SWbW 

Showers 

and 

Stormy. 

Aug. 

5 

“wr 

NW  1 

I 

Fair 

Sunfhine 

Day. 

58 

51 

Wb  S° 

Fair  and 

fome 

Clouds. 

Sept. 

15 

*5 

SW3 

4 

Ram. 

High 

Winds. 

33 

38 

SbW' 

WbS8 

ssw 

i 

Storms 

with 

Showers. 

Q&ob. 

05 

05 

SW3 

Much 

Rain. 

13 

14 

14 

WSW6 

1 

Stormy 

Day. 

Nov. 

85 

85 

W 1 

w 1 

Cloudy. 

81 

84 

82 

NW  bWr 

Cloudy. 

Decem. 

05 

- ! . . ... 

s w 3 

Rain. 

Warm. 

Zl 

i 

Jan. 

0 5 

E 1 

Tempe- 
rate and 
Mifty. 

01 

06 

NNE0 

• 

Cloudy 

dark 

Day. 

Febr. 

C>5 

N a 

jClear. 
jCold  with 
jSnow. 

6z  NNE3 
59  3 

1!  '5'^ 

Frofl  and 
Snow  wth 
iFair. 

Mm  AT  A- 


( 161  ) 

x i 

A TABL  E Viewing  the  Goading  and  Strength  of  the  Winds  and  the  Wea- 
ther every  ilrd  Day  of  the -Month  in  the  Year  1715,  and  the  Quantity  of 
Rain  in  that  Month,  obferved  at  Harvard -College  in  Cambridge  in  'Ne'w- 
Engltfftd,  by  Mr.  *Thd.  JRobie  5 and  the  Height  of  the  Mercury  in  the  Ba- 
rometer, the  Goading  and  Strength  of  the  Winds  and  Clouds,  the  Weather 
and  Rain  at  the  fame  Time  at  Upminftery  by  W.  Derham , F.  R.S. 


Harva  rd-College, 


Upminster. 


Month. 

Winds. 

Rain. 

Weather. 

Barom. 

Winds. 

Clouds. 

Rain. 

Weather. 

Lib.  Cent 

Jan. 

WN'W 

WbN 

S 

5-  17 

30.  11 
10 
— 14 

NE  3 

a 

* 

4.  51 

Hard 
Frod  and 
Cloudy. 

Febr. 

S W 1 
S W3 
W 0 

" jHazy. 

12.  p^Sriow. 
(Cloudy. 

*9-  75 
30.  IC 

WSW7 

10 

3*  7 

Stormy. 

March. 

W 1 
SW  1 
sWbWi 

(Hazy. 

5 • J4|cioudy. 

29 . 40 
48 
40 

ENE3 

* 

12.  53 

Cloudy. 

Milling. 

Rain. 

April. 

NWbW  5 

12.  yjJSnow. 

*5 

60 

46 

S b W' 
E 3 

s. 

13-  19 

Fair  with 
Cloudy* 

May. 

Calm. 
E 3 
E 4 

Troft. 
l}'  14  Serene. 

S 

30 

S b E ■* 
S W 1 

4.  <55 

Rain. 

Fairer. 

June. 

SW1, 

WNW0 

s w 1 

13.  61 

69 
69 
7 ^ 

NNW“ 
N W 1 

s w 

1(5.  34 

Fair  with 
Cloudy. 

J«'y- 

N.W  bW  3 

[4.  42 

Showery. 

*5 

7i 

77 

W 1 
N W 1 

20.  OO 

Cloudy. 

Thunder 

andRain. 

Auguft. 

N W 0 

9 • ^4 

Serene 

and 

Pleafant. 

28 

28 

N W 0 

s w. 

' f * • 

20.  49 

Fog. 

Rain., 

Fairer. 

Sept. 

NE  0 
E 1 

0 

Sept . 
and 

Fair. 

55 

S S W 4 

9.  17 

Fair. 

Rain. 

oaob. 

Offob. 
30.  78 

75 

72 

5° 

wsw° 

I 

14.  08 

i 

HoarForit 

Fair. 

Rain. 

Nov. 

w 0 

N W 1 
N 1 

7.  24 

Fair  with 
Cloudy. 

54 

54 

’ 38 

s w 0 

WbN1 

8.  53 

Rain. 

Cloudy. 

Dec. 

W 3 
WNW3 
W* 

5.  8? 

Fair  and 
Cold. 

2.  55 

A 

( 2<S;  ) 

A T A B L E of  the  like  Obfervations  in  the  Year  1 7 as  thofe  in  the 
preceding  Table,  except  the  Rain  in  New- England  which  ,hjr.  Robie 
omitted. 


Harvar 
Month,  f Wind. 

D-Co  L 

LEGL 

Weather. 

Barom. 

U p ; 
Winds. 

MINS’ 

Clouds. 

r e R. 
Rain. 

Weather. 

! 

• 

' j 

Lib.  Cenr. 

Jan. 

|N  W 2 
NW1 

Cold 

and 

Clear. 

29.  6 2 
59 
16 

WbN  0 
NbW  0 

8.  6l 

Thaw  w^ 
Milling  & 
Cloudy. 

Febr. 

NWbW  1 

N 0 
Ev° 

Cold 

hard 

Froft. 

3°.  15 

18 

21 

NNE1 

I 

I.  7 <5 

Black 

Clouds. 

Mar. 

E 0 
N 0 
N W 1 

x^ain. 

Fairer. 

29.  42 

WbN  0 

I.  9 3 

Fair. 

April. 

SE  1 
N W 5 

Cloudy. 

Fair. 

85 

85 

80 

EbS  1 
E SE 

S. 

S. 

5.  04 

Fair  and 
Pleafant. 

May. 

N 0 
E 1 
S'* 

Fair. 

50. 00 
29.  97 

■ • ■ : r 

9.  52 

Fair 

warm 

Day. 

June. 

; ' 

Rain. 

94 

98 

30.  01 

NNW1 
NbE  4 

NNW 

8.  24 

Cloudy. 

Rain. 

Fairer. 

July. 

N W 1 

0 

Fair  and  j 
Cool. 

29.  91 
92 
90 

N~W~ 5 

j w 3 , 

,Nb  E 

4*  47 

Fair 

Pleafant 

Day. 

Cloudy. 

Fairer.' 

Cloudy. 

Aug. 

88 

88 

92 

;WnWx 
N W 4 

n w : 

2.  11 

Sept. 

s w a 

6I 

4 

Fair  and  ; 

Tome 

Clouds. 

j 

( 

9- ■ 87 

oa0k 

S W * 

s 1 

Fair. 

Hoar- 

Froft. 

$2. 

50 

Wb.S  0 
0 

15-  75 

Gofe 
dark  Day. 
Rain. 

Nov. 

w r 

WNW1 

4 

Fair  and 
Pleafant. 

4.  41 

Dec. 

N 1 
N E 4 

Cold  and 
Raw.  | 

Snow.  » 

d8NbW* 

87J 

M m 2 

7 • itf| 

Froft  and 
Fair. 

RE - 

( ) 

REMARKS  on  the  foregoing  tfA  B LES. 

In  that  for  the  2"ear  J707. 

I.  T Obferve  there  is  a great  Agreement  between  the 

A Barometers  at  Coventry  and  Upmhifier,  in  their 
Ri/hig  and  Falling  near  the  fame  Time,  at  lead  not 
many  Hours  before  or  after  one  another,  and  for  the 
mod  Part  in  the  fame  Proportion.  Alfo  when  one  is 
Stationary,  the  other  is  fo  too,  efpecially  if  of  any 
Continuance : But  at  Coventry  the  Mercury  is  lower 
than  at  Upminfier  about  a tenth  of  an  Inch,  the  Situ. 
* ation  at  Coventry  being,  I fuppofe,  higher  than  that 
of  Upminjler  about  Feet,  according  to  my  Experi- 
ments in  Philof.  franf.  Numb.  13 6. 

II.  I obferve  alfo  a greater  Conformity  between  the 
Winds,  than  (confidering  the  Caufes  of  their  perpetu- 
al Change)  would  be  imagined.  For  although  they 
may  vary  a Point  or  two,  yet  generally  through  all 
the  eight  Months,  they  tended  nearly  towards  the 
fame  Point  of  the  Compafs,  and  changed  in  one  Place 
as  they  did  in  the  other  3 efpecially  when  they  blew 
drongly,  or  were  of  fome  Continuance.  I have  ob- 
ferved,  that  a Storm  in  one  Place  is  fo  in  the  other  3 
of  which  the  Diaries  at  large  give  many  Examples  j 
and  in  this  Table  of  1707,  in  the  Months  of  Septem- 
ber and  OBoher , where  Mr.  Beighton  hath  noted 
the  Winds  Strength  to  be  three  and  four,  it  is  about 
the  fame  Strength  with  mine  of  five,  fix,  fevenand 
eight,  I taking  in  more  Degrees  of  the  Strength  of 
the  Winds  than  he. 

III.  I obferve  alfo,  that  the  Weather  in  each  Place 
is  for  the  mod  Part  nearly  the  fame. 

• a IV.  I 


( ) 

IV.  I have  often  obferved,  that  the  Falling  of  the 
Quicksilver  in  dark  and  cloudy  Weather  betokeneth 
Rain  j but  the  Rain  is  always  preceded  with  Fair 
Weather:  And  when  the  Fair  comes,  the  Foul  is  not 
far  off.  And  this  chiefly  happens,  when  the  Wind  is 
in  any  of  the  Eafterly  Points. 

V.  In  January  iyof,  many  were  troubled  with 
cuticular  Eruptions,  which  itched  much.  After  this 
the  Mealies  were  epidemical  ’till  the  latter  End  of 
May. 

VI.  The  Beginning  of  this  Year  being  very  dry, 
and  often  the  Weather  cold  (as  appears  by  my  Ta- 
bles at  large)  Hay  was  fcarce,  and  became  very  dear. 

VII.  July  8,  commonly  called  the  Hot-Thurfday, 
was  the  hotteft  Day  that  hath  happened  fince  Ibegan 
my  Meteorological  Obfervations.  A young  Man  (once 
my  Servant)  working  in  Harveft  harder  than  ordinary, 
was  overcome  with  the  Heat,  and  died : And  diverfe 
Horfes  on  the  Road  that  Day,  dropped  down.,. and  died 
alfo. 

vm.  In  November  and  December  the  Air  being 
moift,  and  frequently  cold.  Coughs  were  epidemical, 
with  us. 

IX.  I hope  I lhall  be  excufed  if  I go  out  of  the 
Bounds  of  this  Table,  and  obferve  that  theunfeafon- 
able  Frofts  in  April  1708  (particularly  April  25th 
and  26th)  blafted  the  tender  young  Leaves  and  Cat- 
kins of  the  Oak,  Wallnut-Tree,  &c.  which  I take 
to  be  the  Reafon  that  few  Acorns  and  Wallnuts  were 
that  Year.  From  whence  it  is  a juft  Conclulion,  That 
the  Catkins  are  of  greateft  ufe  to  the  Fertility  of 
fuch  Trees  that  bear  them;  but  whether  as  a Male- 
Sperm  I lhall  not  determine. 


X.  This 


( 1 66  ) 

X.  This  Month  of  April  alfo  Horfes  were  every 
where  feized  with  dangerous  Coughs  ; of  which 
many  died  in  London,  and  other  Places,  efpecidly  fuch 
as  laboured  on  the  Roads.  I have  great  Reafon  to 
think  thefe  Colds  were  catching,  btcaufe  my  Horfes 
that  went  well  to  London*  returned ’with  great  and 
fudden  Colds, 

XL  June  1 1 (although  it  was  the  Day  of  the 
Summer  Solftice ) was  enfued  with  a very  cold 
Night,  my  Thermometer  defending  nearly  to  the 
Point  of  an  Hoar-Frofh 


RE  M ARKS  on  tie  f A £ L E S of 

1715  and  1716. 

The  late  ingenious  Mr.  Robiey  at  my  Requeft,  was 
pleafed  to  make,  in  New-Englandi  Meteorological 
Obfervations , Morning,  Noon  and  Night,  to  cor* 
refpond  with  mine  at  the  fame  Time  at  Upminjler . 

Thefe  Obfervations  he  made  in  1715,  £fc.  to  the 
End  of  ryzx,  and  ordered  them  to  be  fent  to  our 
Royal  Society  , and  accordingly  I received  them, 
not  long  lince,  from  his  ingenious  SucceiTor  at  Har- 
vard*College9  Is/lx.  If.  Greenwood,  and  no  w prefent 
them,  with  my  own,  to  the  Society . 

But  by  reafon  they  are  too  long  to  be  read  at  th e Soci- 
ety^ Meetings,  or  to  be  inferred  in  the  ifrayif. atdions , I 
have  therefore  made  the  foregoing  Extradtfrom  them, 
together  with  fome  Obfervations  of  my  own,  which 
tally  with  them. 

But  I am forry  that  Mr. Robies  Obfervations  want 
thofe  of  the  Barometer  and  Thermometer : Neither  of 

which 


( 1*7  ) 

which  Inftruments  was  to  be  gotten  in  New-England. 
Could  we  have  had  thofe  Obfervations,  they  would 
have  been  of  great  ufe  in  feveral  Phenomena  of  thofe 
diftant  Places,  which  now  I can  only  guefs  at  : 
And, 

I.  I guefs,  that  notwithftanding  Harvard-College 
is  ten  Degrees  more  South  than  Upminfier  (it  being, 
as  Mr.  Robie  fays,  in  Lat.  42  Deg.  25'  North,  and 
Longitude  from  London  4 h 44'  as  corrected  by  the 
hejl  Obfervations , that  1 fay)  they  have  as  cold,  if 
not  colder  Seafons  than  we  have  here. 

II.  Although  the  ordinary  Agreement  or  Difagree- 
ment  of  the  Winds,  deferves  no  Remark,  yet  it  may 
deferve  Obfervation,  That  when  the  Winds  have  con- 
tinued long  in  one  Point,  they  have  nearly  agreed  in 
both  Places,  and  efpecially  when  they  have  been  high, 
and  ftrong  for  foine  time.  In  which  Cafe  I have  ob- 
ferved,  that  there  have  been  fome  Days  Difference  in 
the  coming  of  thofe  Winds,  as  if  they  were  fo  many 
Days  in  their  Paifage  from  Place  to  Place. 

And  this  Agreement  of  the  Winds,  together  with 
that  of  the  Afcent  and  Defcent  of  the  Quickfilver  be* 
fore-mentioned,  diverfe  curious  Obfervers  have  taken 
Notice  of,  as  well  as  my  felf,  between  diftant  Places, 
though  not  fo  far  as  New- England  ; as  Zurich, 
Paris,  Lancajhire  and  Upminfier ; as  may  be  feen 
in  the  Philofoph.  franfi  particularly  Numb.  208, 
28 6,  297,  and  321. 

III.  I obferve,  that  they  have  in  New-England 

many  more  Parelij , Halo's , Lunar  Rainbows , and 
fuch  like  Appearances : Alfo  more  Earthquakes, 

unufual  Meteors , fhimder  and  Lightening  than 
we  have. 


IV.  The 


< 2 68  ) 

IV.  The  Rain  in  1715-  (which  tvasthe  only  Year 

in  which  Mr.  Robie  obfervet  : ) in  the  Afferent 
Months,  amounted  to  differ*. : Quantities.;  but  in 

the  whole  Year,  it  was  nearly  ne  fame  as  it  Up- 
minjter  ; that  at  Harvard-College  being  130,64  tb, 
that  at  Upminfter  118,92. 16  But  confidering  that 
Mr.  Robie's  ‘Tunnel  that  received  his  Rain,  was  but 
H i Inches  in  Diameter,  and  mine  exa&ly  iz , there- 
fore the  Proportion  of  the  Nev- England  JkTin  may 
be  accounted  fomewhat  the  greater. 

V.  I obferved  at  Upminjter,  that  in  January  the 
Contagion  which  was  very  fatal  among  the  Black 
Cattle  about  London  the  latter  End  of  the  laft  Year, 
came  amongftus,  and  deftroyed  many. 

In  March  many  were  afflicted  with  Head-aches ; 
and  the  Small-Pox  was  epidemical  : And  the  Earth 

being  very  dry,  the  Ponds  empty,  and  the  Springs 
low,  in  that  and  the  next  Month  there  fell  good  Store 
of  feafonable  Rain,  as  the  Table  for  that  Year  Ihews, 
but  not  Sufficient  to  fill  the  Ponds.  But  in  June , July 
and  Augujt<i  more  Rain  fell  than  was  welcome  j 
which  tilled  the  Ponds,  but  hurt  the  Hay,  and  Corn, 
and  made  the  Ways  as  dirty  as  in  Winter. 

In  the  Summer  this  Year  I had  many  Confirmati- 
ons of  fome  former  Obfervations  in  my  Phyfico-Theo- 
logy , Lib.  I.  Ch.  3.  viz.  That  a cold  Summer  is 
commonly  a vet  one.  Which  this  Summer  was,  the 
Spirits  in  the  Thermometer  being  often  low,  particu- 
larly near  the  Point  of  Hoar-Frojl  on  Huguft  iz. 

In  January , the  following  Year  1716,  the  River 
of  Thames  was  frozen  for  feveral  Miles,  and  particu- 
larly fo  intenfely  at  London , that  whole  Streets  of 
Booths  were  erefted  on  the  Ice,  Oxen  roafted,  Coaches 

driven 


( 1&9  ) 

driven,  nnd  many  Div.erfions  exercifed  above  Bridge. 
And  fo  ftrong  was  the  Ice  below  Bridge,  as  to  allow 
People  to  walk. and  skate  at  their  Pleafure  thereon. 
But  yet  the  Spirits  in  the  Thermometer  defcended 
not  ail  the  while' near  folow,  as  on  December  30, 
I /03.  . 

in  Scotland  alfo  (which  in  170J  felt  but  little  of  that 
Year’s  feVcre  Froii)  the  Ice  was  .ftrong  enough  to  bear 
the  Horfe  and  Foot  of  the  Armies. 

And  beyond  Sea  'tliey  buffered  much  j particularly 
in  Spain , much  Mifrhief  was  done  by  the  wild 
Beaffc,  which,  were  forced  by  the  Froft  out  .of  the 
Woods.  • ~ 

Among  Birds  I find  the  Goldfinches  to  have  fuf- 
fered  much,  having  fcarce  feen  one  of  them : all  the 
following  Part  of  the  Year  j they  being  kiiled  by  the 
hard  Weather,  .or  driven  to  feek  Food  in  other 
Parts. 

On  the Day  of  — , the  Wind  was  fo  vio- 

lent, that  the  Thames  was  emptied  from  London- 
Bridge  as  far  as  — • — — , fo  that  only  a fmall  Ri- 
vulet of  Water,  no  bigger  than  a Brook  of  10  or  12, 
Foot  over,  remained  ; infomuch,  that  People  walked 
on  the  Bottom,  and  found  Treafure  there. 

In  November  and  December  Pleuriiies  were 
frequent,  and  mortal  in  our  Parts  of  Ej'ex.  The 
Weather  was  mild,  open,  dark,  and  damp  for  the  moil 
part,  with  now  and  then  a cold  Day  or  two. 

Farther  R E MA  RKS  from  Mr.Kobk’s  Papers. 

On  February  iz,  171J,  he  notes  an  Earthquake 
to  have  been  at  Salem  Pillage  ; and  on  OBob.  21 

N n foi- 


( 170  ) 

following  the  Day  ^voas  fio  darh^  that  People  *were 
forced  to  light  Candles  to  eat  their  Dinners  by. 
Which  could  not  be  from  an  Eclipfe,  the  Solar  Eclipfe 
being  the  4th  of  that  Month. 

On  Feb.  13,  i7if>  he  obferved  an  Imraerfion  of  the 
firft  Satellite  of  Jupiter , at  xo*  48'  17";  and  on 
Feb.  8 I obferved  an  Emerfion  at  8 h 7’  30"  3 accord- 
ing to  which  the  Difference  of  Longitude  between 
Harvard-College  and  Upminfier  is  ^ 45',  and 
Mr.  Robie  fays,  that  it  is  4 h 44'  from  London , by 
the  la t eft  and  beft  Obfervations. 

Sept.  2,3,  1717,  Mr.  Robie  obferved  the  Solar 

Eclipfe 

The  Beginning  at  11 h 2.3 

The  Middle  at  1 h 47'  or  thereabout. 

The  End  at  3 h ■ 5'  10"  D M' 

About  9 Digits  were  Eclipfed. 

OBob.  5 following  he  obferved  the  Southing  of  the 
Moon,  at  9h  31'/.  M. 

On  Feb.  27,  171  f,  Mr.  Robie  faw  the  Moon  co- 
ver Aldebaran  at  about  9h  18'  p.  M.  and  the  Star 
to  emerge  at  ioh  20'  p.  M.  then  by  his  Meri- 
dian Inftrument  (fuch  as  I have  deferibed  in  Pbilof. 
franf.  Numb.  291)  being  z'  too  flow  3 fothat  2' are  to 
be  added  to  the  Time  mentioned. 

March  10,  171I,  Mr.  Robie  obferved  an  Emerfion 
of  the  firft  Circumjovial  at  10 h 45'  37". 

Sept.  24,  1718,  Mr.  Robie  obferved  the  Moon 
to  South  at  9h  38',  or  thereabout:  On  the  27th 

at  io.h  22'  32 " p.  M.  On  the  26th  at  26' 
p.  M. 

Decemb.  5,  a great  fiery  Meteor  was  feen  in  the 
Morning  about  Break  of  Day.  And  on  the  9th,  about 

half 


( 271  ) 

half  an  Hour  after  Ten,  in  the  S S W,  he  faw  another 
which  made  a Light  like  the  Moon. 

Dec.  1 9,  the  Moon  fouthed  at  6 h 47  45-''  p.  M. 
On  the  20th  at  yh  30'  $6".  On  the  23d  at  911  54' 
5“.  On  the  25th  at  nh  47'  33". 

On?  13,  1719,  the  firft  Circumjovial  immer- 
ged  at  10  h 35'  p.  M. 

Jan.  1 7,  The  /JAw#  fouthed  at  £ h .5  2 ' 1''.  On  the 
19th  at  7h  33'  1".  On  the  22d  at  ioh  21'  40" 

p.  M. 

Feh.  1 5,  fouthed  at  6 h 15'  ij":  On  the 

19th  at8h  59'  4o'!:  On  the  21ft  at  10 h 54/  30" 

f.  M. 

On  Dec. 11, 17 19,  averyunufual  Meteor  was  feen 
in  the  Evening. 

On  8,  I"; hi,  Mr.  Rohie  fays  an  Earthquake 
was. 

On  Nov.  14,  1720,  Mr.  Rohie  obferved  a Stream- 
ing from  the  Northern  Horizon  3 as  I did  on  Nov.  22 
before. 

On  Dec.  10, 1720,  about  8 h />.  M.  Mr.  Rohie  firft 
faw  the  Light  that  ftrikes  up  toward  the  Pleiades j 
and  on  Jan.  6 following,  he  found  it  was  increafed, 
and  almoft  reached  to  the  Pleiades.  And  Dec.  7, 
1721,  he  obferved  the  fame  ; and  on  the  ■y 

25th  he  hath  given  this  Figure  of  it:  ; 

h 0 is  the  Part  next  the  Horizon  3 V the  a f; 

Point  toward  the  Pleiades.  JH—n 


This  Glade  of  Light  is  the  fame  that  Dr.  Chil- 
drey  mentions  in  his  Britan.  Bacon,  under  the  Name 
of  Semita  lumnofa  3 and  which  I faw,  and  gave  a 
Figure  of  in  P hilof  Trwz/iNumb.  307. 


Ohfer- 


N n 2 


( 272,  ) 

, 

Obfervations  .of  the  Eclipfe  of  the  Moon  on 
June  28,  1721. 

About  Two  in  the  Morning  Mr.  Robie  viewed  the 
Moon  with  his  eight  Foot  Tele  (cope,  and  flie  was  un- 
touched. 

Time  Correct. 

H.  ' " 

a 10  , 00  A thin  Penumbra, 
a 12  00  Shadow  is  plainly  entered, 

a 18  10  Pains  Mate  'ofts  covered, 

a 31  40  Mons  Porphyrites  touched. 

a 34  20  ~ — covered. 

a 47  10  Moon  eclipfed  about  fix  Digits, 

a 49  05  • BesbicUs  juft  touched. 

a 50  30 covered  wholly. 

a 5 3 40  Byzantium  touched. 

“ ' ■ a 54  to  — — ■’  — • covered. 

3 07  40  Palus  Meotis  touched.. 

3 18  30  Moon  wholly  covered. 

’*  ^ \ " , * j . T.  "v  x •' 

There  remained  a Light  on  the  Weftern  Side  of  the 
Moon  for  fome  Time. 

About  3 h 50'  in  the  Morning  the  Moon  was  wholly 
hid  by  the  Haze,  and  coming  on  of  Day-Light,  that 
nothing  could  be  feen  of  her } although  from  the  Im- 
merfion  ’till  now  fhe  was.vifible. 

The 


( *73  ) 

fhe  Observations  Mr.  Robie  made  on  the  Solar 
Eclipfe,  Nov.  x 7,  I7xx,  voereasfollozvs : 

'i 

co  He  faw  the  Sun  rife  eclipfed  about  four 
Digits  on  his  fupreme  Vertex  j to  the 
S W the  greateft  Part  of  the  Shade 

lay. 

Then  we  could  obferve  no  more  ’till 
oo  The  Sun  began  to  appear,  and  fix 
Digits,  or  thereabouts,  were  eclipfed. 
17  The  Sun  was  eclipfed  4 i neareft  j and 
then  the  Sun’s  Diameter  was  to  the 
Moon’s,  as  1000  to  971. 

17  Were  hid  44  nearly^  and  the  Sun’s 
Diameter  was  to  the  Moon’s  as  1000 
to  977. 

47  A little  Spot  on  the  Sun  emerged. 

47  I faw  the  Moon  go  off  the  Sun,  and 
Mr.  Danforth  at  the  fame  Time : 
And  Mr.  applet  on  at 

xo 


II.  'Defcription  of  a new  Quadrant  for  taking 
Altitudes  without  an  Horizon,  either  at  Sea 
or  Land.  Invented  by  Mr.  John  Elton, 

. . : ' : > J ■ ■ ■ 

TH  IS  Inftrument  contains  four  principal  Parts, 
viz.  a Frame,  an  Index,  a Label,  and  a Shield  * 
and  thefe  confift  of  feveral  Parts.  (Fid.  fab.) 

The 


H.  ' 

7 X7 

8 30 

8 75 

9 00 


9 19 
9 


9 * S 


( *74  ) 

The  Frame  has  two  Parts,  one  a graduated  Arch  of 
30  Degrees,  each  Degree  being  fubdivided  into  fix 
equal  Parts ; the  other  a Chord  of  an  Arc  of  6o°,  di- 
vided into  two  equal  Parts  (at  the  Extremities  and  in 
the  Middle  of  which  are  Holes  or  Stops  for  the  La- 
bel) together  making  90°  or  a Quadrant. 

The  Index  turns  upon  the  Center  of  the  Frame 
the  whole  Compafs  of  the  Arch,  and  has  three 
Parts ; viz.  a Nonius  Plate,  an  Eye-Vane,  and 
a Tube.  The  Nonius  Plate  moves  with  the  Index, 
and  fubdivides  each  of  the  fmall  Divifions  of  the 
Arch  into  ten  equal  Parts  or  Minutes.  The  Eye- 
Vane  is  to  look  through  in  forward  Obfervations. 
The  Tube  is  to  fhew,  when  the  Index  is  hori- 
zontal. 

The  Label  moves  upon  the  Center  of  the  Frame 
the  whole  Compafs  of  the  Chord  of  the  Arch  of  6o°, 
having  three  fixed  Stations  thereon,  at  30°,  6 0%  and 
90%  and  contains  two  principal  Parts  j viz.  a Lens, 
and  a Lanthorn.  The  Lens  is  to  form  the  Sun’s  Image 
upon  the  Shield.  The  Lanthorn  is  neceffary  in  Noftur- 
nal  Obfervations. 

The  Shield  is  fixed  in  the  Center  of  the  Frame, 
and  has  three  Parts ; viz.  an  Azimuth  Tube,  a Hori- 
zontal Tube,  and  an  Axis,  or  in  Backward  Obfer- 
vations a Ray-Plate.  The  Hole  in  the  Shield  is  to 
receive  the  Sun’s  Image.  The  Azimuth  Tube  is  to 
direct  the  Plane  of  the  Inftrument  perpendicular. 
The  Horizontal  Tube  is  to  fliew  when  the  Label  is 
level.  The  Axis  is  to  cut  the  Object  in  forward  Ob- 
fervations. 


Rule 


( 17  5 ) 


Rule  for  either  backward  or  forwardObfervationS. 

If  the  Altitude  does  not  exceed  30°,  the  Label  mull 
be  placed  at  the  Station  on  the  Radius  or  longeft  Limb 
of  the  Quadrant ; if  the  Altitude  is  between  30®  and 
60°,  at  the  middle  Station ; and  if  the  Altitude  exceed 
6o°  at  the  uppermoft  Station. 


7" 1 take  the  Sun's  Altitude  by  a backward  Ob- 

fervation. 

This  is  done  without  ufing  the  Sight-Vane  or  Hori- 
zontal Tube  on  the  Shield.  Hold  the  Quadrant  with 
both  Hands  in  fuch  a manner  as  is  apteft  for  keeping  it 
Ready,  the  Back  of  the  Arch  being  turned  toward  the 
Sun.  When  the  Bubble  of  the  Azimuth  Tube  is 
brought  under  the  Hole  in  the  Shield,  caufetheSun’s 
Image  to  fall  on  the  Hole  in  the  Shield,  fo  that  it  may 
reft  in  the  Center  of  the  Sun’s  Image  ; the  Inftantthe 
Azimuth  Tube  and  Sun’s  Image  are  thus  regulated, 
fee  if  the  Bubble  in  the  Horizontal  Tube  on  the  In- 
dex (which  hill  then  is  difregarded)  leaves  the  open 
End  of  the  Tube,  or  flops  any  where  clear  of  the  Ends 
of  the  Tube:  If  thefe  happen  at  the  fame  Jundure, 
the  Altitude  is  then  truly  taken  3 but  if  the  Bubble 
had  remained  in  the  enclofed  End  of  the  Tube, 
when  the  Azimuth  Bubble  and  Sun’s  Image  were  re- 
gulated, the  Index  muft  have  been  Hid  up  ; and  if  tar- 
ried in  the  open  End,  moved  down,  until  the  Hori- 
zontal Bubble  on  the  Index  quit  the  open  End  of  the 
Tube,  or  flop  between  the  Ends,  as  was  before  ob- 
ferved  ; and  then  is  the  Quadrant  fet.  In  continuing 
theObfervation  for  a Meridian  Altitude,  the  Quadrant 


(*7t) 

being  fet,  as  the  Sun  rife's,  the  Horizontal  Bubble  on 
the  Index  will  not  quit  theopenEnd  of  the  Tube,  or 
flop  between  the  Ends,  but  hang  there,  or  leave  it  after 
the  Azimuth  Bubble  and  Sun’s  Image  have  been  regu- 
lated, which  will  require  the  Index  to  be  continually 
moved  down  in  order  to  keep  the  Quadrant  fet.  When 
;the  Sun  is  up,  or  on  the  Meridian,  the  Quadrant 
will  remain  fet  for  fome  time  ; and  on  the  Sun’s  falling, 
the  Horizontal  Bubble  will  have  a reverfe  Tendency 
inclining  or  running  wholly  to  the  enclofed  End  of  the 
Tube. 

To  tale  the  altitude  of  the  Sun  or  Stars  by  a for- 
ward Obfervation . 

In  this  Method,  the  Lens  and  Tube  on  the  Index 
are  difregarded.  Hold  the  Quadrant  vertical,  and 
looking  through  the  Eye-Vane,  direft  the  Axis  or 
upper  Edge  of  the  Shield  to  the  Sun  or  Star;  if  the 
Axis  cut  the  Sun  or  Star  at  the  fame  Infant  that  the 
Bubble  in  the  Horizontal  Tube  on  the  Shield  quit  the 
open  End,  the  Altitude  is  then  truly  taken,  and  the 
Quadrant  fet.  But  if  it  fhould  leave  the  open  End 
of  the  Tube  before  the  Axis  or  upper  Edge  of  the 
Shield  cut  the  Sun  or  Star,  then  the  Eye-Vane  (or 
which  is  the  fame,  the  Index)  inuft  be  Aid  down  - and 
if  it  remain  at  the  open  End,  or  quit  it  when  the  Axis 
is  above  the  Sun  or  Star,  moved  up  until  the  Quadrant 
is  fet.  In  continuing  the  Obfervation  for  a Meridian 
Altitude,  as  the  Sun  or  Star  rifes,  the  Bubble  in  the 
Horizontal  Tube  will  always  quit  the  open  End  of 
the  Tube  before  the  Axis  cut  the  Object ; fo  that  to 
keep  the  Quadrant  fet,  the  Eye-Vane  tnuft  on  every 
fuchAlteration  be  conftantly  moved  down  5 while  the 


( *77  ) 

Sun  or  Star  is  on  the  Meridian,  the  Quadrant  will  re- 
main fet ; and  when  the  Sun  or  Star  falls,  the  Bubble 
will  ad:  contrary  to  what  it  did  in  the  riling,  reft- 
ing  wholly  in  the  open  End  of  the  Tube. 

7"o  take  the  Sun's  Altitude  with  the  Horizon. 

Turn  the  Back  of  the  Arch  towards  the  Sun,  and 
caufe  the  Sun’s  Image  to  fall  on  the  Hole  in  the  Shield, 
at  the  fame  time  looking  through  the  Eye-Vane,  cut 
the  Horizon  with  the  Axis. 

N.B.  In  taking  the  Altitude  of  the  Stars,  a fmail 
Light  mull  be  fixed  in  the  Lanthorn } the  lefs  the  bet- 
ter. It  will  be  bell  in  forward  Obfervations  of  the 
Sun,  to  take  the  Altitude  of  the  upper  Limb,  allow- 
ing for  the  Semidiameter;  and  when  the  Sun  is  very 
clear,  take  his  Altitude  by  a backward  Obfervation, 
the  forward  Method  being  chiefly  intended  for  Noctur- 
nal Obfervations,  and  when  the  Sun  is  too  much  ob- 
fcuredto  give  any  Shade  or  Image. 


There  was  at  the  fame  time  laid  before  the  Society , 
« An  Extrad  made  by  Mr.  Elton  of  Obfervations  of 
“ the  Latitude  from  the  Journal  of  Capt.  Walter 
« Hoxton , Commander  of  the  Ship  Baltimore  from 
“ the  River  of  Thames  to  Maryland  on  the  Conti- 
“ nent  of  America , by  Davis's  (or  the  common) 
“ Quadrant  with  the  Horizon,  and  by  Mr.  Elton's 
“ (a  new  invented  Quadrant)  without  the  Horizon, 
“ Anno  Dom,  1730.” 

From  this  Extrad  it  is  obfervable,  that  in  mode- 
rate Weather  the  Difference  of  the  Obfervations,  made 

O 0 by 


( *78  ) 

by  the  two  Sorts  of  Quadrants,  was  commonly  no 
-more  than  1'  ; with  ftrong  Gales  and  a large  Sea  5 ' j 
in  fair  Weather  ; in  hard  Squalls ; the  Sea  running 
high,  6‘ 3 in  eafy  Gales  9' ; in  fair  Weather  and  a 
large  Swell  1 6'  ; once  in  fmooth  Water  16' ; and  the 
greateft  Difference  of  all  was,  with  frefh  Gales,  21' r 
And  this  Difference  was  conftantly  found  to  give  the 
Latitude  more  Northerly  by  Mr.  Elton's  Quadrant 
than  by  Davis's ; as  in  this  laft  mentioned  Inftance 
the  Latitude  appears  to  be  35°  39'  N.  by  Davis' s, 
when  Mr.  Elton's  makes  it  36°  N.  There  is  a Note 
added  by  Capt.  Hoxton  at  the  End  of  this  Journal  ; 
viz.  That  the  Difference  at  different  Times  be- 
tween Davis’r  and  Elton’r  Quadrants  is  occaftoned 
by pifting  the  Shade-Fane  of  DavisV. 

To  this  Journal  were  annexed  fome  u Obfervations 
M of  the  Latitude  by  the  fixed  Stars  in  the  forefaid 
“ Voyage  by  Mr.  Elton's  Quadrant,  without  uiing 
“ the  Horizon.” 


Thefe  Obfervations  are  generally  taken  from  two 
Stars,  and  the  Latitude  calculated  from  each  Obfer- 
vation  ; and  fo  they  are  found  to  agree  commonly 
within  4'  or  5'.  The  greateft  Difference  arofe  once 
to  13'.  When  by  an  Obfervation  taken  by  * Syrius, 
the  Latitude  was  found  to  be 


42°  46' N. 

Courfe  inter 
Obf.SSW. 

s ff  i 0°  P 

42'°  43' 


by  * Procyon  42°  56'  N, 

Where  the  Dif-7  , -vj 
ference  is  \ 15  iN“ 


t . 


Capt. 


( 719  > 

Gapt.  Hoxton , when  at  Anchor  in  Cbefea-Peak 
Bay,  found  the  Latitude  37°  29'  N.  Off  Cedar 
‘ Point  in  Potuxon  River  38°  7 ' N.  Off  Cape  Henry 
37°  6'  N.  And  in  a Letter  to  Mr.  Elton  he  de- 
clares, “ That  he  obferved  with  his  Quadrant  both 
i4  by  the  Sun  and  Stars,  in  all  the  various  Sorts  of 
K Weather  he  met  with  in  his  late  Voyage  to  and 
“ from  Maryland,  without  regarding  the  Horizon, 
“ with  as  great  Exa&nefs,  as  with  Davis's  Quadrant 
“ when  the  Sun  and  Horizon  were  clear.” 

There  was  likewife  put  into  the  Hands  of  the 
Publifher,  another  Letter  from  one  Mr.  John 
Walton  to  Mr.  Elton , containing  fotne  Obfervati- 
ons  of  the  Latitude  in  Leghorn  Road,  and  feveral 
of  the  Ports  of  Spain , which  were  found,  after 
repeated  Experiments,  exa&ly  to  agree  with  the  known 
Latitudes  of  thofe  Places : Mr.  Walton  adds,  That 

he  made  feveral  Obfervations  in  his  Paffage  Home, 
in  hard  Gales,  and  a great  Sea,  and  when  it  was  fo 
hazy,  that  the  common  Quadrant  was  of  no  ufe,  for 
want  of  an  Horizon. 


III.  A remarkable  Cafe  of  a Gentlewoman  who  died 
of  a Hydrops  Ovarii,  in  the  Thirty-third 
Year  of  her  Age , after  haying  been  tapped 
Fifty-feyen  times , %y  Mr.  John  Belchier, 

Surgeon. 

IN  the  Year  1715,  the  Wife  of  Mr.  Newberry,  a 
Merchant  in  this  City,  complained  of  a Pain  in 
her  Left-Side,  near  her  Groin,  internally,  which  fen- 

O 0 2 fibly 


( *8°  ) 

fibly  increafed  ; and  perceiving  a Swelling  in  that 
Part,  (heat  firft  thought herfelf  with  Child  ; but  ha- 
ving other  Symptoms  not  very  common  with  gravid 
Women,  (he  fent  for  a Phyfician,  who  immediately 
difcovered  it  to  be  Hydropical,  and  after  following  his 
Prefcriptions  for  fome  time,  and  finding  little  or  no 
Benefit  thereby,  fhe  fent  for  another,  and  fo  for  a 
third  and  fourth  ; and  after  between  two  and  three 
Years  fruitlefs  Trial  of  proper  Medicines  prefcribed  by 
the  Phyficians,  fhe  growing  very  big  and  uneafy  with 
her  Burden,  was  advifed  to  be  tapped,  to  which  (he 
accordingly  fubmitted  : And  on  May  the  6th,  1718, 
fent  for  Mr.  Chefelden,  who  took  from  her  between 
four  and  five  Gallons  of  Water;  but  in  a Week  or  ten 
Days  after  the  Operation  fhe  perceived  her  felf  to  fill 
again,  in  which  State  fhe  continued  to  the  firft  Day  of 
July  following,  when  Mr.  Chefelden  tapped  her  again, 
and  took  from  her  about  the  fame  Quantity  of  Water 
as  before ; and  in  this  Manner  fhe  continued  to  fill 
and  be  tapped  every  third  or  fourth  Week,  from  the 
6th  Day  of  May,  1718,  to  the  3d  of  this  Inftant 
Manly  173!,  when  fhe  died,  in  the  Thirty-third 
Year  of  her  Age; 

During  the  laft  Thirty-feven  times  of  her  Tapping, 
I conftantly  attended  her  with  Mr.  Chefelden,  when 
fhe  always  ('till  the  two  laft  times)  appeared  very 
forifk  and  liyely  the  whole  time  of  the  Water’s  running- 
from  her,  and  was  not  in  the  leaft  fick  or  faint  after 
the  Difcharge  of  the  Water,  as  is  ufual ; and  though 
fhe  was  a very  thin  emaciated  Woman,  fhe  would  fre- 
quently walk  three  or  four  Miles  the  Day  before  the 
Operation,  and  moft  commonly  went  abroad  the  third 
Day  after  it. 

The 

1 


( z8i  ) 

The  Quantity  of  Water  taken  from  her  each  time 
of  Tapping  was  between  four  and  five  Gallons ; and 
during  the  whole  Fifty-feven  times  Tapping,  there  ne- 
verwas  above  a Quart,  or  two  Quarts  at  tn oft,  differ- 
ent in  the  Quantity,  'till  the  two  laft  times,  at  each 
of  which  the  Quantity  did  not  exceed  two  Gallons: 
But  in  the  Intervals  of  thefe  two  laft  Operations,  fhe 
was  frequently  troubled  with.  Reachings  to  Vo- 
mit, which  burft  open  the  Orifice  twice  where  fhe 
was  tapped,  and  at  each  time  difcharged  about  fix: 
Quarts. 

The-  Quantity  of  Water  which  was  taken  from  her 
each  time  was  always  meafured,  and  upon  Computa- 
tion the  whole  amounts  to  near  Two  hundred  and 
fifty  Gallons.  The  Water  that  was  taken  from  her 
the  two  laft  times  of  Tapping  was  much  more  vifcid 
than  the  former,. 

At  times  (He  frequently  complained  of  a violent  Earn 
on  her  Right  Side,  and  a heavy  aching  Pain  in  the 
Pelvis.  Shehad  likewife  a Prolapfus  Uteri ; and 
fome  time  before  her  Death  fhe  could  not  expel  her 
Faces  but  with  great  Difficulty  and'  Pain,  and  at  the 
fame  time  laboured  under  an  Incontinency  of  Urine. 

On  Monday  the  dthof  thislnftant  I opened  her  in 
the  Prefence  of  her  Phyfician,  when  I found  the  whole 
Vifcera , from  the  Diaphragm  to  the  Ojfa  Pubis , 
covered  with  a thick,  gelatinous  Subftance,.  which 
feemed  to  be  membranous,  which  at  itsfirft  Appear- 
ancel  took  for  the  Omentum'vn.  a putrified  State;  but 
after  a farther  Examination,  I found  it  to  be.  only  the 
more  vifcid  Parts  of  the  extra va fated  Fluid,  which 
eould  not  be  difcharged  by  the  Operation : After 

removing  this,  I found  feveral  Portions  of  a hard 

fchirrous 


( 2 Si  ) 

fchirrous  Subfiance  arifing  from  the  Fundus  of  the 
Stomach,  one  large  Portion  of  which  was  inferred  in- 
to that  Part  of  the  Colon  near  the  Right  Kidney , and 
in  Appearance  refembied  the  Pancreatic  Gland.  Ano- 
ther Portion,  which  was  Cylindrical,  and  about  two 
Thirds  of  an  Inch  in  Diameter,  palled  (freight  over 
the  Inteftines,  adhering  flrongly  to  that  Part  of  tire 
Coton  which  lies  under  the  Stomachy  arrd  was  inferted 
into  the  Return,  in  the  Pelvis.  Another  Portion  of 
this  Subfiance  palled  dire£lly  over  the  Interims  to 
the  Pelvis , but  about  the  Middle  of  the  Abdomen  it 
fent  out  two  fma-ller  Portions,  the  one  was  inferted 
into  the  Mefentery , the  other  refie£ling  back,  was  in- 
ferted into  the  Colon  on  the  left  Side  near  the  Stomach. 
As  foon  as  I cut  into  one  of  thefe  Portions,  I difco- 
vered  it  to  be  a Part  of  the  Omentum  twilled  up,  and 
contained  in  a very  thick  capfular  Membrane. 

The  Diaphragm  was  forced  up  fo  far  by  the  Con- 
tents of  the  Abdomen,  that  the  Cavity  of  the  thorax 
was  decreafed  to  near  one  Third. 

The  Liver  was  much  larger  than  in  a natural  State, 
and  of  one  intire  Subfiance,  and  not  divided  into 
Lobes,  the  whole  Convex  Surface  adhering  firmly 
to  the  Diaphragm. 

The  Stomach  was  very  final!,  as  to  its  Cavity,  but 
the  Coats  of  it  were  increafed  to  fix  times  their  natu- 
ral Thicknefs  (as  were  likewife  all  the  Coats  of  the 
Intejtines  and  Mefentery ) and  very  much  in- 
flamed. 

Two  Thirds  of  the  Stomach  adhered  to  that  Part  of 
the  Diaphragm  which  did  not  cover  the  Liver , and 
the  other  Part  adhered  to  the  concave  Surface  of  the 
Liver ; as  did  likewife  the  Duodenum , whofe  Cavity 

was 


< 1*1  ) 

was  very  large.  Below  the  Duodenum , the  Colon  ad- 
hered to  the  lower  Part  of  the  Concave  Surface  of  the 
L iver , fo  that  the  whole  Liver  was  contained  in  a 
kind  of  Burfa  compofed  of  the  Diaphragm,  Stomach 9 
Duodenum  and  Colon. 

The  Cacum,  Colon  and  Re  Hum  were  much  larger 
than  in  a natural  .State,  and  adhered  fo  very  ftrongly 
to  the  Parts  over  which  they  palled,  that  it  was  with 
much  difficulty  I could  feparate them. 

The  Spleen  was  not  one  Fourth  of  its  natural  Size,, 
and  one  Half  of  its  external  Surface  was  entirely  Carta- 
laginous.. 

The  Pancreas  was  fmaller  than  ufual,  as  were  like- 
wife  th.e  Kidneys , Ureters  and  Bladder  ; and  in  thg 
Pelvis  of  each  Kidney  there  were  fmall  fabulous 
Concretions. 

The  left  Ovarium  was  diflend.ed  to  fo  large  a Size, 
as  to  fill  the  whole  Cavity  of  the  Pelvis  up  to  the 
Os  Pubis  $ its  Surface  was  Cartalaginous,  like  that  of 
the  Spleen,  and  in  it  were  contained  a great  Number 
of  Hydafides  of  different  Sizes,  whereas  the  right 
Ovary  was  no  ways  difeafed  in  the  leaft. 

The  Difficulty  and  Pain  complained  of  in  the  Ex- 
pulfion  of  the  Faeces,  naturally  arife  from  thePref- 
fures  on  the  difeafed  Ovarium,  at  the  fame  time  that  its 
increafed  Bulk,  by  compreffing  the  Intejtinum  Re  Him 
impeded  the  Egrefs  of  the  Ftfces,  and  brought  on  the 
Inflammation  of  the  Intejtines,  which  we  obferved. 

The  Prolapfus  Uteri , and  the  Incapacity  of  the 
Bladder* s retaining  a proper  Quantity  of  Urine,  were 
likewife  occafioned  by  the  Preffures  of  this  difeafed 
Ovarium  upon  thofe  Parts- 


But 


( i&4  ). 

But  what  feems  moll  material  in  this  Cafe,  is  the 
vifcid  Matter  found  in  the  Cavity  of  the  Abdomen ; 
which  as  the  Waters  were  originally  incyfted  in  the 
'Ovary , was  properly  extravafated  from  the  Cyjtus 
into  the  Abdomen  in  the  two  laft  Operations  j by 
’ which,  as  well  the  Quantity  drawn  off  as  the  cufto- 
mary  Relief,  were  very  much  diminilhed  ; in  lieu  of 
which  the  Stimulus , from  fuch  & Fluid,  might  reafona- 
bly  bring  on  the  Vomiting  obferved  from  that  time. 

Shier.  Therefore,  if  fuch  a Vomiting  enfuing  the 
Operation  is  not  a fatal  Symptom  ? 

$>uer.  If  any  Method  can  be  found  to  prevent  fuch 
Extravasations  > 

The  Relations  of  this  Gentlewoman  are  ofOpinion, 
that  her  Difeafe  was  occafioned  by  pulling  off  her 
Cloaths,  when  (he  was  very  hot,  to  go  into  a Bathing- 
Tub  of  'Water  to  cool  her,  when  finding  the  Water 
exceflive  cold,  Hie  put  only  her  Legs  in,  the  other 
Part  of  her  Body  being  out  of  the  Water,  and  naked 
at  the  fame  time } which  happened  a few  Weeks  be- 
foreShe  perceived  the  Swelling  and  Pain  in  her  Pelvis ; 
and  probably  this  might  be  the  Caufe.  As  the  Con- 
ltri&ion  of  the  lower  Parts  by  the  cold  Water  might, 
in  a great  meafure,  impede  the  Fluids  circulating 
through  the  lower  Parts,  and  the  Blood  being  at  the 
fame  time  rarified  and  expanded  by  the  Heat,  might 
therefore  burft  through  the  more  tender  Lymphatioks , 
and  produce  the  Extravafation. 


IV.  A 


i 


( 28?  ) 

HP  f %-J  f ; * T ' . / - ^ , 

IV.  ^ Letter  from  Mr.  Stephen  Gray  to  Dr. 
Mortimer,  Seer.  <%.  S.  containing  a farther 
Account  of  his  Experiments  concerning  Elec- 
tricity. 

Charter-Houfe , June  yth,  1734. 

SIR, 

SINCE  myIaft(N°  4ii)whereinlgavean  Account 
of  my  Experiments,  lhe wing  Water  will  be  attraded 
by  Eledrick  Bodies,  and  that  it  may  have  anEleftrick 
Vertue  communicated  to  it,  fo  as  to  attrad  foiid  ones, 
I have  been  upon  another  Enquiry  ; Whether  there 
might  not  be  a Way  found  to  make  this  Property  of 
Eledrical  Attradion  more  permanent  in  Bodies  ? How 
far  I have  fucceeded  in  this  Attempt,  will  appear  by  the 
Experiments  I have  made  on  the  feveral  Bodies  menti- 
oned in  the  following  Catalogue;  and  as  they  were  all 
of  them  prepared  after  the  fame  manner,  excepting 
Numb.  18  and  19,  which  (hall  be  deferibed  afterwards, 
a general  Defcription  of  the  Method  of  preparing 
and  preferving  them  in  a State  of  Attradion,  may 
fuffice. 

The  Bodies  on  which  the  Experiments  were  made, 
were  Rofin  both  black  and  white,  Stone-Pitch,  Shell 
or  Gum-Lac,  Bees-Wax,  and  Sulphur.  I procured 
three  Iron  Ladles  of  feveral  Sizes,  in  which  I melted 
thefe  Subftances,  making  ufe  of  that  which  I thought 
mod  convenient  for  the  Quantity  I defigned  to  melt. 
When  any  of  thefe  Bodies  were  melted,  they  were 

P p taken 


■ 


( *86  >, 

taken  off  the  Fire,  andfet  by  in  the  Ladle  to  cool  and 
harden;  then  it  was  returned  to  die  Fire,  where  it 
remained  ’till  it  was  melted  about  the  Bottom  and  Sides 
of  the  Ladle,  fo  as  to  be  moveable  fo  that  by  invert- 
ing the  Ladle,  it  might  be  taken  out  ; having  the 
Form  of  nearly  the  Section  of  a Sphere,  the  Convex 
Surface,  as  alfo  the  Plain  one,  being  naturally  (if  I 
may  fo  fay)  polifhed,  excepting  the  Sulphur,  which 
cools  without  retaining  its  Polifh,  except  when  call 
in  Glafs  VeiTels,  as  (hall  be  Ihewed  hereafter.  I fhall 
now  proceed  to  the  Experiments  and  Observations 
made  on  thefe  Elecfrick  Bodies. 

When  any  of  them  were  tjaken  out  of  the  Ladle, 
and  their  Convex  Surface  hardened,  they  would  not 
at  firft  attract,  ’till  the  Heat  was  abated,  or ’till  they 
came  to  a certain  Degree  of  Warmth,  and  then  there 
was  a fmall  Attraction ; which  Warmth  I eftimated 
to  be  nearly  that  of  a Hen’s  Egg  when  juft  laid:. 
The  Attraction  encreafing  fo,  as  when  cold,  to  at- 
tract at  lead  ten  times  farther  than  at  firft. 

The  manner  of  preferving  them  in  a State  of  At- 
traction, was  by  wrapping  them  up  in  any  thing  that 
would  keep  them  from  the  external  Airj  as  at  firft 
for  the  fmaller  Bodies  J ufe'd  white  Paper,  but  for  the 
larger  ones  white  Flannel";  but  afterwards  found  that 
black  Wo.rfted  Stockings  w.ould  do  as  well.  'Being 
thus  clothed,  they  were  put  into  a large  Fir  Box, 
there  to  remain  ’till  I had  Occafion  to  make  ufe  of 
them. 

The  Cylinder  of  Sulphur,  Numb.  18,  was  made 
by  melting  the  Sulphur,  and  pouring  it  into  a Cylin- 
drick  Glafs  Vcflel,  which  had  firft  been  heated,  to  pre- 
vent its  cracking.  When  the  Sulphur  was  hardened,  it 

was 


i(  i%7) ) 

was  fomewhat  lefs  than  the  Glafs ; fo  that  by  inverting 
the  Glafs,  it  came  out  eafily,  and  had  apefiftied  Sur- 
face almoft  asTmooth  as  the  Glafs  in  which  it  was  caff. 
The  large  Cone  of  Sulphur,  Numb.  19,  was  made 
after  the  fame  manner  ; by  being  caff:  in  a large 
Drinking-Glaf?. 

I am  now  to  give  an  Account  of  the  Gbfervations 
made  on  the  feveral  Bodies  mentioned  in  the  Catalogue, 
but  muff  firft  give  a Defcriptioii  of  the  Catalogue. 
The  firft  Column  contains  the  Number,  which  in  a 
final  1 Piece'  of  Paper  is  fixed  on  each  of  the  feveral 
Bodies"}  the  Name  of  which  is  given  in  the  fecond 
Column,  whether  they 'are  fitigle  or  compound  Sub- 
ftance9.  The  third  Column  Ihews  of  what  Weight 
they  were  of  when  , melted,  in  Ounces  and  Drachms 
of  Avzrdupols  Weight.  In  the  fourth  Column  you 
have  the  Days  of- the  Motith  when  the:  Body  was 
melted  and  received  its  Form,  and  confequently  when 
it  firft  began  to  attrad."  ,n 

I did  for  thirty  Days  continue  toobferve  everyone 
of  thefe  Bodies,  and  found  that  at  the  End  of  thefaid 
Time  they  attracted  asvigoroufly  as  at  the  firft  or  fecond 
Day,  as  they  do  now  at  the  writing  hereof.  By  the 
Times  mentioned  in  the  Catalogue,  being:  fubftraded 
from  anyTime  after,  w ill  befheWrthoW  long  any  of  the 
Bodies  have  continued  their  AttraftiveVertue } by  which 
it  will  appear,  that  fomeof  them  have  not  loft  their  At- 
traction for  more  than  four  Months:  So  that  we  have 
feme  Reafon  to  believe,  that  we  have  now  difcovered 
that  there  is  a perpetual  attractive  P(Swer''m  allElbc- 
trick  Bodies,  without  exciting'  by  either  - rubbing, 
beating,  &rY.  or  any  other  Attrition.  But  this  will  fur- 
ther appear  by  the  Account  l am  now  to  give  of  the  two 

Pp  j laft 


( 288  ) 

laflf  Bodies  mentioned  in  the  Catalogue.  The  Cone  of 
Sulphur,  Numb.  19,  that  was  call:  in.  a large  Drink- 
ing-Glafs,  in  about  two  Hours  after  it  was  taken  out  of 
the  Glafs,  attracted,  and  the  Glafs  attracted  too,  but  at 
a fmall  Diftance.  Next  Day  the  Sulphur  was  taken 
out  of  the  Glafs,  and  then  it  attraded  ftrongly,  but 
there  was  now  no  perceivable  Attraction  of  the  Glafs. 
Then  the  Cone  of  Sulphur  was  fet  with  its  Bafe  upon 
the  Lid  of  the  Fir  Box,  wherein  the  other  EleCtrick 
Bodies  lay,  and  the  Glafs  whelmed  over  it.  1 exa- 
mined it  every  Day  after,  and  Hill  found  it  to  attract  j 
but  finding  the  Place  not  fo  convenient,  having  Oc- 
cafion  to  look  into  the  Box  often,  I removed  it  to  the 
Table  that  ftands  between  the  two  Windows  of  my 
Chamber,  where  it  has  continued  to  this  Time,  and 
whenever  the  Glafs  is  taken  off,  attrads  at  near  as- 
great  a Diftance  as  the  Sulphur  that  is  clothed  and 
fkut  up  in.  the  Box  abovementioned.  And  though  at 
firft  there  was  no  Attraction,  when  the  Glafs  was  ta- 
ken oft,  yet  I now  find,  that  in  fair  Weather  the 
Glafs  alfo  attrads,  but  not  at  fo  great  a Diftance  as 
the  Sulphur,  which  never  fails  to  attract,  let  the 
Wind  or  Weather  be  never  fo  variable,  as  do  all  the 
other  Bodies  mentioned  in  the  Catalogue  j only  in  wet 
Weather  the  Attradions  are  not  made  at  fo  great  a 
Diftance  as  in  fair  Weather. 

Number  20.  is  a Cake  of  Sulphur  that  was  melt- 
ed ; and  as  the  other  Bodies  have  taken  the  Form  of 
a Convex  Sedion  of  a Sphere,  this,  when  cold,  was 
laid,  with  its  flat  Side  downwards,  on  the  fame  Table 
with  the  Cone  of  Sulphur  : They  were  both  placed 
fo  near  the  Wall,  as  to  prevent  the  Sun  Ihining  on 
them.  This  was,  as  the  Catalogue  (hews*  on  the  18th 
1 of 


( *8?  ) 

of  jlprib*  and  though  it  had  no  manner  of  Clothing 
or  Covering,  has  attrafted  ever  fince.  And  in  this, 
as  in  the  other  Bodies,  the  Attraction  will  be  accord- 
ing to  the  Weather  ; but  when  it  attracts  the  ftrong- 
eft,  it  is  not  more  than  the  tenth  Part  of  what  the 
Cone  of  Sulphur,  that  is  covered,  a tt rafts. 

The  manner  of  obferving  thefe  Attractions  is  beft 
performed  by  holding  the  Attrafting  Body  in  one 
Hand,  and  a fine  white  Thread  tied  to  the  End  of  a 
Stick,  in  the  other  j by  this  means  far  lefs  Degrees 
of  Attraction  will  be  perceived,  than  by  making 
ufe  of  Leaf-Brafs.  When  the  Thread  is  held  at  the 
utmoft  Cxi  (t  a nee,  it  may  be  attracted  j the  Motion  of 
it  is  at  firlt  very  flow,  but  ftill  accelerating  as  it  ap- 
proaches nearer  to  the  attracting  Body. 

I am  now  on  the  Subjeft  of  permanent  Attraction  it* 
Glafs,  then  in  the  other  Bodies,  but  have  not  yet  cam- 
pleated  thofe  Experiments,  meeting  with;  more.  Inter- 
ruption by  the  YVeatlier. 

With  a fmall  Hand  Air-Pump  that  was  lent  me  by 
a Friend,  I have  made  Experiments  on  feveral, Bodies, 
and  find  that  they  will  attraft  in  vacua*  and  that 
at  very  nearly  the  fame  Diftance  as-  in  plena*  provi- 
ded that  the  Experiment  be  made  in  the  fame  Receiver 
filled  with  Air  y as  will  appear  hy  the  following  Ex- 
periments. 

There  was  taken  a hollow  Glafs  Sphere,  of  fome- 
vvhat  more  than  z $ Inches  Diameter,  being  firft  ex- 
cited. It  was  fufpended  by  a Loop  of  Silk,  that  went 
through  a fmall  Cork,  with,  which  the  Hole  in  the 
Glafs  Ball,  by  which  it  was  blown,  was  flopped, 
and  by  the  Loop  fufpended  on  a fmall  Hook  that 
was  skrewed  onto  the  Brafs  Wire  that  came  through 

the 


( ) 

-the  Collar  of  Leather  in  the  Brafs-Plate  that  covered 
the  Top  of  the  open  Receiver  ; as  in  the  Experiment 
of  letting  fall  the  Guinea  and  Feather  in  vacuo. 
Then  the  Ball  was  drawn  up  to  the  Top  of  the  Re* 
ceiver,  and  the  Top  of  the  fmall  Stand,  covered  with 
Paper,  was  laid  on  the  wet  Leather  on  the  Plate  of 
the  Pump,  and  Leaf*Brafs  laid  on  the  fame.  Then 
the  Air  was  exhaufted,  when  the  Glafs  Ball  was  let 
"down  to  about  an  Inch,  or  fomewhat  more,  towards 
the  Pieces  of  Leaf-Brafs : Many  of  them  were  at- 

traded  by  it.  Then  the  Ait-  was  let  into  the  Re- 
ceiver, and  the  Leaf-Brafs  laid  on  the  Stand,  the  Ball 
being,  as  before,  fufpended,  was  let  down  to  about  the 
fame  Diftance  from  the  Leaf-Brafs  as  before,  and 
there  feemed  to  be  very  little  Difference  in  the  At* 
tra&ion. 

I have  made  the  fame  Experiments  with  Sulphur, 
Shell-Lac,  Rofio,  and  white  Bees-Wax.  Thefe  would 
be  attracted  to  the  Ideight  of  an  Inch  and  a half  by 
Eftimation  •,  and  when  the  Experiment  was  made 
with  the  Receiver  full  of  Air,  there  was  very  little, 
if  any  Difference  in  the  Height  of  the  Attra&ion, 
when  there  was  the  fame  Time  fpent  before  the  At- 
traction was  begun  in  pleno,  as  there  was  required 
to  exhauft  the  Receiver. 

■ v.  ? ' *•*  ' : ' } ‘ ' - ‘ il- ' ' V ' 

‘A  * ' •;  ■ ■ t =, Vi  ’v  ’ ' ' ' . • . ••  - ' > ' * >•  •’  • ■ ' 


A C A- 


( *9 1 > 


A CATALOGUE  of  the  fiver al  Eleftrick 
Bodies  mentioned  in  the  foregoing  Difcomje. 


N°  Names  of  the  feveral  Bodies.  Weight.  Month.  Days. 

3 3 


i Fine  black  Rofin  - — • z 

z Stone  Pitch  and  black  Rofin  z 

3 Fine  Rofin  and  Bees-Wax  z 

4 Stone  Pitch  — — • i 

51  Stone  Sulphur  • — — 3 

6 Shell-lac  10 

7 Fine  black  Rofin  ——  — 10 

8 Bees-Wax  and  Rofin  — — 9 

9 Rofin  4,  and  Gum-lac  1 pari  10 

10  Sulphur  — < 18 

11  Stone  Pitch  10 

ix  Black  Rofin  Z3 

13  White  Rofin  ——  — 7 

14  Gum-lac  — • 1 1 

17  Gum-lac  and  black  Rofin  ana  9 

1 6 Gum-lac  \parts,  Rofin  1 pt.  17 

17  Shell-lac, tine  black  Rofin  ana  z 8 

18  A Cylinder  of  Stone  Sulphur  19 

19  A largeCone  of  StoneSulphur  30 

2,0  A Cake  of  Sulphur  — 1 1 


0 January  31 
z January  31 

1 February  1 

7 February  1 
6 February  4 
o February  xo 
4 February  11 
o February 12 
o February  iz 
o February  15 

iz  February  x 6 
o February  2-3 
iz  February  15 
14  February  26 
iz  February  26 

8 February  28 
4 March  2 
At  March  20 
o March  29 
4 April  29 


<y  / i?, 

Be  pleafed  to  communicate  thefe  to  the  Royal  Society , 
to  whom  I hope  they  will  be  no  lefs  acceptable  than 
fome  of  my  former  Difcoveries  from  me,  who  am, 

S  I R, 

Theirs,  andyour  moft  Obedient  Servant, 

Stephen  Gray, 


{ ) 


V.  An  Experiment  to  jhew  that  the  Fridlion  of 
the  federal  Tarts  in  a Compound  Engine,  may 
he  reduced  to  Calculation  j by  drawing  Confe- 
rences from  fome  of  the  Experiments  Jhewn  be- 
fore the  Royal  Society  lajl  Year , upon  fimple 
Machines , in  Various  Cir cum  fiances,  by  me.  Pious 
exemplified  by  the  Fri&ion  in  a Combination  of 
Pullies.  J.T.Defaguliers.  Jan.  14,173!. 

THE  Machine  confifts  of  three  Pullies  (two  up- 
per and  one  lower,  or  a Tackle  of  Three) 
whofe  Diameters  are  exaftly  as  follows,  i Inches, 
1 t Inch,  1 ^ Inch  j and  all  the  Center  Pins  of  \ Inch 
Diameter : The  Rope  being  of  to  Inch  in  Diameter. 

The  Weight  is  18  Pounds  Averdupois,  andconfe- 
quently  the  Power  to  keep  it  in  /Equilibria  muftbe 
= 6 ft>,  and  a very  little  more  muft  make  the  Power 
raife  the  Weight,  if  there  was  no  Fridion  j but  here 
no  lefs  than  ao  Ounces  are  required,  though  the  Ma- 
chine is  as  nicely  made  as  it  can  poflibly  be. 

I have  (hewn  by  Experiment,  that  when  theWeight 
is  unkown,  f of  the  Power  is  die  Friction  of  a Cy- 
linder whofe  Surface  moves  as  fall  as  the  Power, 
and  whofe  Gudgeons  are  equal  in  Diameter  to  the  Cy- 
linder. Now  as  the  Diameter  of  the  firft  Pulley  is 
eight  times  bigger  than  its  Pin,  its  Fridion  muft 

be  i^-or  8 Ounces. 

0 

The  fecond  Pulley,  whofe  Surface  moves  as  flow 
again  as  the  Power,  and  whofe  Pin  is  fix  times  lefs 

in 


( ) 

Diameter  muft  of  Confequenee  have  its  Fridion  of  on- 
ly  5 1 Ounces  j becaufe 


The  third  Pulley  moving  with  j of  the  Velocity  of 
the  Power,  on  a Pin  of  \ of  its  Diameter,  has  for  its 

Fridion  4 , — - 5 ; becaufe 


Now  the  Sum  of  all  thefe  Fridions  being  17,6  5 
which  is  the  5,4  Part  of  the  Power  6 lb,  this  Addition 
doesfo  encreafe  the  Fridion  as  to  require  a Super-ad- 
dition  of  the  j^Part  of  that  firft  Addition,  and  fo  on, 
in  this  Series,  3 17  6z  -f-  $,1  + °»  5'9»  & — 5. 

Then  the  Sum  of  the  Fridions  upon  account  of  bend» 
ing  the  Ropes  (too  tedious  to  explain  now,  before  I 
give  a full  Account  in  my  intended  Theory  of  Frifti- 
on)  deduced  from  the  Experiment  that  a Rope  of  Inch 
in  Diameter  ftretched  by  6 lb  requires  4,5  5 to  bend 

it  round  a Cylinder  of  1 Inch , amounts  to 

1,8  + 1, 15 ’ + 1,12.4  = 4>4M  3,  which,  with  the 
other  Friction,  amounts  to  1^,834  3.  But  as  I have 
formerly  fhewn  in  thefe  tfranfaffions,  that  when  a 
Rope  drawn  by  unequal  Weight  runs  over  a Pulley, 
the  Preffure  on  the  Pin  is  dim  in  idled  \ that  diminifhed 
Preffure  (found  by  Calculation  to  be  near  6 5)  being 
taken  from  the  above  Sum,  the  Fridion  remaining  will 
be  19:834  3 ; and  the  Experiment  is  juft  zo  3. 

N.  B.  Nothing  was  here  allowed  for  the  Weight 
added  to  bend  the  Ropes,  which  would  ftill  bring  the 
Experiment  nearer  the  Theory. 


( *94  ) 


VL  An  AbflraSl  of  a Letter,  written  in  Dutch,  to 
the  illuftrious  Royal  Society  of  London,  by 
Arnold  Marcel  ( Nephew  to  the  late  Mr.  An- 
thony van  Leeuvenhoek,  F.  % S.)  Com- 
municated by  the  <%eVd-  Dr.  J.  T.  Defaguliers,, 
F.^S. 

Gentlemen, 

IN  the  Year  1726  1 had  the  good  Fortune  to  find  out 
aWay  to  communicate  the  magnetical  Vertue  to  Iron 
and  Steel,  without  the  Help  of  any  Loadftone  whatfo- 
ever,  and  to  make  that  magnetical  Vertue  as  ftrong  as  if 
it  had  been  done  with  a very  ftrong  Loadftone.  I have 
kept  it  fecret  ever  fince,  longing  for  an  Opportunity  to 
communicate  my  faid  Difcovery  (befides  fome  further 
Obfervations  which  I made  about  the  Loadftone)  to 
your  Honourable  Society  ; being  well  allured  that  that 
illuftrious  Society  is  always  uled  to  give  the  due  Ho- 
nour to  the  Inventors.  I now  lately  happily  came  to 
be  acquainted  with  that  worthy  Member  cf  your  ho- 
nourable Society,  Dr .John-Theoph.  Defagidiers^\\o 
has  promifed  me  to  be  fo  good  as  to  deliver  this  to  your 
Hands. 

In  the  Year  1722,  I obferved  that  alongheavy  Bar 
of  Iron  being  fet  upright,  and  fomeFilings  of  Iron,  or 
a Bit  of  Iron  Wire,  laid  upon  its  upper  End,  thofe  Fi- 
lings or  Wire  would  ftick  to  another  Piece  of  bright 
pointed  Iron,  and  fuffer  itfelf  to  be  lifted  up  from  the 
ilanding  Bar  even  to  the  Height  of  five  Inches. 

In  the  Year  1 726,  making  feveral  further  Obfervations 
about  the  magnetical  Force,  which  I found  in  great 

Pieces- 


( *9S  ) 

Pieces  of  Iron,  for  want  of  larger  I made  ufe  of  wha* 
Tools  I had,  namely,  a large  Iron  Vice,  about  90  ft 
Weight,  in  which  I fixed  a fmall  Anvil  of  about  iz  16. 
Upon  the  bright  Surface  of  this  Anvil  I laid  the  Steel, 
to  which  I would  give  the  Vertue,  in  a Pofition  of 
North  and  South,  which  happened  to  be  in  a Diagonal 
of  the  fquare  Surface  of  the  Anvil } then  I took  a Piece 
of  Iron,  1 Inch  Square,  and  33  Inches  long,  of  about 
8 ft  Weight,  having  at  one  End  the  Figure  here  repre- 
fented  (inp.zyK.)  brightly  polifhed  at^,  and  taper  at 
the  other  End : Then  I held  faff  down  the  Piece  of  Steel 
upon  the  Anvil  with  one  Hand,and  with  the  other  I held 
the  Iron  Bar  aforefaid  perpendicular  with  its  Point  a 
upon  the  Steel,  and  prefling  hard,  I rubbed  the  Steel 
with  the  Iron  Bar  towards  me,  from  North  to  South, 
feveral  Strokes,  always  carrying  the  Bar  far  enough 
round  about,  to  begin  again  at  the  North,  to  prevent 
the  drawing  back  of  the  magnetical  Force ; Having 
thus  given  10  or  n Strokes,  I turned  the  Steel  upfide 
•down,  leaving  it  in  the  fame  Pofition  as  to  North  and 
South,  and  after  rubbing  it  and  turning  it,  ’till  I rubbed 
it  about  4Q0  times,  it  received  by  degrees  more  and 
more  Strength,  and  at  lafthadasmuch  as  if  it  had  been 
touched  by  a ftrong  Loadftone.  The  Place  where  I 
began  to  rub  was  always  that  which  pointed  to  the 
North,  when  the  Needle  was  hung,  the  End  where  I 
had  ended  the  Stroke  turning  to  the  South.  Sometimes 
it  has  happened,  that  in  a few  Strokes  I gave  the  Steel 
its  Vertue  ; nay  even  in  the  very  firft  Stroke  one  may 
give  a great  deal  to  a fmall  Needle.  This  Way  I have 
given  the  magnetical  Vertue  toNeedles  of  Sea-CompafTes 
made  of  one  Piece  of  Steel,  as  the  Fi- 
gure  annexed  B,  To  ftrongly,  that  one 

of  the  Poles  would  take  up  4,  and  the  other  a whole 

Q,q  3 Ounce 


( 2?6  ) 

Ounce  of  Iron,  although  thefe  Needles  were  anointed 
with  Linfeed  Oil,  which  made  a hard  Coat,  to  keep 
them  from  rufting,  yet  they  kept  the  Vertue ; but  in 
Strengthning  thefe  Sort  of  Needles,  I rubbed  by  turns 
firft  to  the  right  and  then  to  the  left  Side. 

The  fame  Way  I brought  the  Vertue  into  the  Point 
of  a Knife,  fo  that  it  would  fuftain  i \ Ounce. 

I brought  the  faid  Vertue  into  four  fmall  Pieces  of 
Steel, each  i Inch  long  and  A Inch  broad,  as  thin  as  the 
Spring  of  a Watch.  Thefe  four  Pieces  I joined  together, 
as  into  an  artificial  Loadllone,  weighing  them  1 8 Grains 
Troy,  and  then  it  did  draw  up  and  fuftain  an  Iron  Nail, 
which  weighed  144  Grains  Troy:  This  artificial  Load- 
ftone  has  now  thefe  fix  Years  been  tumbled  about,  and 
been  lying  among  Iron  and  Steel,  and  in  any  Pofition, 
and  yet  it  has  rather  got  more  than  loft  any  of  its  Vertue. 

The  magnetical  Vertue  being  thus  brought  into  Iron 
or  Steel,  I have  farther  obferved,  that  that  End  where 
the  Stroke  was  begun,  would  draw  to  the  North,  and 
where  the  Stroke  ended  to  the  South,  in  whatever  Si- 
tuation the  Steel  had  been  laid  upon  the  Anvil  to  give  it 
the  Vertue.  I took  a Piece  of  Steel  and  rubbed  it  from 
one  End  to  the  Middle,  and  then  from  the  other  End 
to  the  Middle,  and  found  it  had  two  North  Poles,  one 
at  each  End,  and  the  Middle  a South  Pole. 

Further,  beginning  to  rub  from  the  Middle  towards 
each  End  of  another  Piece  of  Steel,  I found  it  to  have  at 
each  End  a South  Pole,  and  in  the  Middle  a North  Pole. 

I have  put  a pretty  heavy  Compafs-Needle  after  I had 
given  it  its  Vertue,  into  the  Fire,  and  made  red  hot  three 
times  one  after  another,  letting  it  grow  cold  every  time: 
It  loft  feme  Vertue  every  Hear,  but  at  the  third  it  had 
a great  deal  ftill  left,  and  making  it  for  the  fourth  time 
white  hot,  it  loft  it  all. 


When 


( *p>  ) 

When  I covered  the  Anvil  with  a Piece  of  Woollen 
Cloth,  and  the  End  of  the  Iron  Bar  with  a Piece  of 
Shamoy  Leather,  it  gave  no  Vertue  to  the  Steel  j then 
covering  only  the  Bar,  and  leaving  theAnvil  uncovered, 
it  gave  not  any  Vertue  that  way  neither:  But  covering 
the  Anvil,  and  leaving  the  Bar  uncovered,  it  gave  the 
full  Vertue, 

I have  tried  whether  my  Vice  had  any  fixed  Pole  by 
{landing  long  in  one  Pofition,  but  I found  it  had  not. 

I have  tried  to  do  this  with  an  Anvil  of  about  30 16 
Weight,  being  fixed  in  Wood  ; but  could  not  come  up 
to  the  other  Proofs. 

I believe  if  one  took  an  Iron  Bar  of  three  Inches 
fquare,  and  10  or  more  Feet  long,  or  feveral  of  them 
upon  each  other,  and  a fuitable  Piece  or  Bar  of  Iron  to 
rub  withal,  and  giving  the  under  Part  of  the  Handing 
Bar  the  Figure  aforefaid,  reprefented  by  B,  it  might 
be  brought  to  a vaft  Strength. ; N.  B.  The  Steel  for 
the  Needles  is  always  of  a Spring-Temper. 

I have  made  two  Pieces  of  lion,  at  one  End  \ of  an 
Inch,  and  fo  Taper  to  4 of  an  Inch  fquare  each  [the 
Length  was  not  mentioned ) and  fixed  thefe  two  Pieces 
of  Iron  to  a Piece  of  Wood  in  the  Shape  of  an  armed 
Loadftone,  at  about  8 Inches  one  from  the  other,  ap- 
plying to  the  under  Part  of  thel’e  Irons,  or  Legs,  a 
Piece  of  Iron  with  a Hook  to  it,  as  to  an  armed  Load- 
ftone. I hung  this  armed  Piece  of  Wood  with  each 
Leg  over  an  Iron  Bar  (at  a Diftance  that  fomething 
might  hang  between  them)  then  placed  the  Piece  of 
Iron  with  the  Hook  to  it  to  the  two  Feet,  arid  I found 
it  to  draw  veryftrongly  ; but  my  Trial  was  but  with 
fmallTools.  I fuppofe  if  one  did  this  in  a larger  Pro- 
portion, I doubt  not  but  it  would  have  a great  Eftecf. 

Having. 


( *?8  ) 

Having  ground  fome  Loadftones  with  Emmery,  I 
liave  faved  the  Grindings,  and  mixing  them  with  Wa- 
ter, fo  that  they  might  eafily  be  moved,  I put  them  into 
a Bottle  to  fink,  placing  on  each  Side  a Loadftone,  one 
with  its  North,'  and  the  other  with  its  South  Pole  to- 
wards the  Bottle,  and  found,  after  the  Matter  was  fettled 
and  dried,  it  formed  itfelf  into  a Sort  of  Loadftone, 
which  had  a moderate  Strength,  and  two  regular  Poles. 

I have  found  feveral  Niceties  in  arming  of  Loadftones; 
but  not  to  be  tedious,  I ftiall  herewith  conclude ; not 
doubting  but  that  if  I have  difcovered  any  thing,  yet 
unknown,  you  will  own  or  record  me  to  be  the  Inventor 
of  it.  l am,  with  humble  Refpeds, 
Gentlemen, 

■Tour  mojt  humble  Servant , 

Arnold  Marcei 


a the  End  of  the  Iron  Bar,  with  which  the  Vertue  is 
rubbed  into  the  Steel  or  Iron. 

N°  i.  the  Figure  of  the  Point,  on  one  Side. 

N°  %.  The  Figure  of  the  Point,  on  the  other  Side. 
A The  Needle  of  a Compafs. 

B B The  End  or  Edge  of  the  Bar,  with  which  the 
Needle  is  rubbed,  beginning  at 
€ C,  and  proceeding  to  D D. 

FINIS. 


JLMpJt/c. 


Numb.  4x4 

PHILOSOPHICAL 

TRANSACTIONS 

For  the  Months  of  July,  and  Jiugufi , i73x. 

The  C O N T E N T S. 

I.  An  Extract  from  the  Minutes  of  the  Royal 
Society,  March  16,  1751,  containing  an 
uncommon  Cafe  of  a Diftempered  Skin,  />jJohn 
Machin,  Sec.  S.  Brof.  Aflr.  Grefh. 

II.  Conjectures  upon  the  Nature  of  Intermitting 
and  Reciprocating  Springs.  ’Ey  Mr.  Jofeph 
Atwell,  F.  % S. 

III.  Immerjiones,  atque  Emerfiones  Satellitum  Jo- 
vis  ObferVat#  Pekini  d <P  <P.  Ignatio  Kegler, 
OAndrea  Pereira,  Soc.  Jesu,^  wen/eNovem. 
1750,  ad^e\>d'  P.  Johannem  Baptiftam  Car- 
bone, Soc.  Jesu,  Y(.  S.  S-  ttanfmiffjc  5 et  exr 
ejufdem  Cl.  Viri  Epifiola  ad  Jacobum  de  Ca- 
ftro  Safmento,  M.  T>.  Col  Medic.  Lond, 
L.  <sr  5.  5.  excerptae. 

IV.  A Catalogue  of  Eclipfes  of  Jupiter’s  Sa- 
tellites for  the  Year  1753,  By  James 
Hodgfon,  F.  % S.  Mafler  of  the  <%pyal  Ma- 
thematical School  at  Chrift’s  Hofpital, London. 

V.- 


The  C O N T E N T S. 

V.  Experiments  to  prove  the  Exiften.ce  of  a Fluid 
in  the  Nerves,  By  Alexander  Stuart,  M.  D. 
Med.  Begin.  B:  5.  5.  See. 

VI.  ObferVations  of  Latitude  and  Variation,  ta- 
ken on  'Board  the  Hartford,  in  her  Baffage  from 
Java  Head  to  St.  Hellena,  Anno  Dora.  i7$t. 
Communicated  by  Edmund  Halley,  LL.  T>» 
Begins  Aflronomer  at  Greenwich. 

VII.  An  Account  of  an  extraordinary  Eruption  of 
Mount  Vefuvius  in  the  Month  of  March,  in  the 
Tear  1730,  extracted  from  the  Meteorological 
Diary  of  that  Tear  at  Naples  5 communicated 
2>yNichol.  Cyrillus,  M.  T>.  S.  S. 

VIII.  A fhort  Account , by  Mr.  John  Eames, 
F.  % $ °f  a Book  intituled , Tuhhfat  ilkibar, 
printed  at  Conftantinople,  Anno  Dom. 
1718. 


E R R A T A. 

NUMB.  423*  for  Phliofqphical  read  Philo fcph'tcal.  Numb.  424.  p.  316. 

for  excarptA  r.  excerpt  a.  Ibid,  for  Perkini  y.  Pekini.  P.  319.  1.  ult. 
for  Auflrium  x.Aufirum.  P.  320.  1.  1 5.  dele  H. 

1 .*  •.  ' . ' . * 4 ? . i ^ - * ' . - 

' JL  0 NZ>  O N : 

“Li  5;.  ..  ;V-  " ;■  : »•;  f ■ \ ■■■■■ 

~ \v  *, • A ‘ -.'I  i 

frinted  for  W.  I n n y s and  R.Manby,  at  the 
JVeJl-End  of  St.  Paul’s  Churchward. 

MDCC  XXXII. 


( *99  ) 

I.  An  Extract  from the  Minutes  of  the  Royal 
Society,  March  16 , 1731,  containing  an 
uncommon  Cafe  of  a Diftempered  Skin,  hy  John 
Machin,  Sec.  S.  <&•  Prof.  Aflr.  Grefh. 

A Country  Labourer,  living  not  far  from  Eujton- 
Hall  in  Suffolk,  (hewed  a Boy  (his  Son)  about 
Four  teen  Years  of  Age,  having  a cuticular 
Diftemper,  of  a different  Kind  from  any  hitherto  men- 
tioned in  the  Hiftories  of  Difeafes. 

His  Skin  (if  it  might  be  fo  called)  feemed  rather 
like  a dufky  coloured  thick  Cafe,  exactly  fitting  every 
Part  of  his  Body,  made  of  a rugged  Bark,  or  Hide, 
with  Bridles  in  fome  Places,  which  Cafe  covering  the 
whole  excepting  the  Face,  the  Palms  of  the  Hands, 
and  the  Soles  of  the  Feet,  caufed  an  Appearance  as  if 
thofe  Parts  alone  were  naked,  and  the  reft  cloathed. 
It  did  not  bleed  when  cut  or  fcarified,  being  callous 
and  infenfible.  It  was  faid  he  (heds  it  once  every  Year, 
about  Autumn,  at  which  Time  it  ufually  grows  to  the 
Thicknefs  of  threeQuarters  of  an  Inch,  and  then  is  thruft: 
off  by  the  new  Skin  which  is  coming  up  underneath. 

It  was  not  eafy  to  think  of  any  Sort  of  Skin,  or  na- 
tural Integument,  that  exactly  refembled  it.  Some 
compared  it  to  the  Bark  of  a Tree  \ others  thought 
it  looked  like  Seal-Skin  j others  like  the  Hide  of  the 
Elephant,  or  the  Skin  about  the  Legs  of  the  Rhinoceros ; 
and  fome  took  it  to  be  like  a great  Wart,  or  Number 
of  Warts  uniting  and  overfpreading  the  whole  Body. 
The  briftly  Parts,  which  were  chiefly  about  the  Belly 
and  Flanks,  looked  and  ruftled  like  the  Bridles,  or 

R r Quills, 


( *00  ) 

Quills,  of  an  Hedge-Hog,  Ihorn  off  within  an  Inch 
of  the  Skin. 

His  Face  was  well  featured,  and  of  a good  Com- 
plexion, if  not  rather  too  ruddy  ; and  the  Palms  of 
his  Hands  were  not  harder,  or  in  worfe  Condition 
than  is  ufual  for  Workmen  or  Labourers.  His  Size 
was  proper  for  his  Age  ; his  Body  and  Limbs  ftreight, 
and,  excepting  as  to  this  Deformity,  well  Ihapen. 

This  rugged  Covering  gave  him  no  Pain  or  Uneafi- 
nefs,  unlefsthat  fomedmes  after  hard  Work,  it  was  apt 
to  ftart  and  cleave,  and  caufe  a Bleeding.  And  notwith- 
ftanding  the  unufualDifpofition  of  his  Humours  to  form 
fo  ftrange  an  Integument,  his  natural  Excretions  were 
faid  to  be  in  the  ordinary  Courfe  and  Manner,  without 
any  thing  remarkable  attending  them. 

The  Father  knew  of  no  Accident  to  account  for 
this  diftempered  Habit.  But  faid  that  his  Skin  was 
clear  at  his  Birth  as  in  other  Children,  and  fo  con- 
tinued for  about  feven  or  eight  Weeks,  after  which, 
without  his  being  lick,  it  began  to  turn  yellow,  as  if 
he  had  had  the  Jaundice  ; from  which  by  degrees  it 
changed  black,  and  in  a little  time  afterwards  thickned, 
and  grew  into  that  State  it  appeared  in  at  prefent.  That 
he  has  been  in  Health  from  his  Birth,  and  hath  no  Sick- 
nefs  at  the  Seafon  when  he  fheds  it.  He  further 
faid,  that  his  Mother  had  received  no  Fright,  to  his 
Knowledge,  whillt  Ihe  was  with  Child  ; and  hath 
born  him  many  other  Children,  none  of  which  haveever 
had  this,  or  any  other  unufual  Diftemper  or  Deformity. 

TAB.  I.  Fig.  i.  Reprefents  the  Back  of  the  Boy’s 

Hand. 

Fig.  z.  Reprefents  a Portion  of  this  extraordinary 

3 Epi- 


( *01  ) 

Epidermis,  ’which  was  probably  a Prolongation 
of  the  Nervous  Papilla  grown  to  about  the  Sisse 
of  common  Twine  Packthread ; and  thefe fiand- 
ing  as  clofe  together  as  the  Brifiles  in  a Brup, 
feemed , like  them,  to  be  all porn  op  even,  and 
of  the  fame  Length,  viz.  about  half  an  Inch 
above  the  Skin. 

Fig.  3.  Shews  fome  of  thefe  Triples,  or  Stumps, 
magnified  ; where  it  is  vifible  that  fome  of 
them  are  flat  at  Fop,  others  concave ; fome 
pointed  like  a Cone,  and  others  very  irregulan 


II.  Conjectures  upon  the  Nature  of  Intermitting 
and  Reciprocating  Springs.  iBy  Mr.  Jofeph 
Atwell,  F.  <%.  S. 

BEFORE  I offer  the  following  Thoughts  to  the 
Confideration  of  the  Society,  I beg  leave  to  pre- 
mife  fomething  upon  the  Nature  of  Philofophical  Con- 
jectures in  general,  and  the  Senfe  in  which  I would 
be  underftood  to  propofe  thefe  in  particular. 

A juft  and  fatisfaftory  Account  of  any  one  Phe- 
nomenon in  Nature,  cannot  be  expected  without  a 
true  and  perfect  Hiftory  of  the  Fa<Et.  This  is  feldoin 
to  be  met  with : Thofe  who  live  neareft  the  Place 
of  any  natural  Curiofity,  and  have  the  belt  Oppor- 
tunity of  making ' proper  Obfervations  upon  it,  fel- 
dom  regard  what  Time  and  Ufe  have  rendered  fami- 
liar. On  the  other  hand,  Strangers  and  Travellers^ 
inclined  to  make  a better  Enquiry  into  things  of  this 
Kind,  are  too  often,  if  not  always,  in  want  of  Time* 

Rr  % as 


( joO 

as  weft  as  other  Conveniences,  for  acquiring  a due 
Knowledge  of  the  Thing  and  therefore  they  content 
themfelves  with  fome  flight  Obfervations  of  their 
own,  fupplying  the  reft  from  the  common,,  but  gene- 
rally fabulous,  Reports  of  the  Neighbourhood.  Add 
to  this,  that  a ftrong  Propenfity  in  Mankind  towards 
the  Marvellous,,  with  the  Surprize  ufually  attending 
uncommon  Sights,  often  hinders  Men  from  feeing 
Things  in  a true  Light  j and  even  fometimes  impofes 
upon  them  fo  far,  as  to  make  them  report  things  under 
Circumftances  abfolutely  falfe. 

Every  curious  Perfon  can,  I believe,  furnifli  him- 
felf  with  Jnftances  of  thefe  Truths,  from  his  own 
Obfervations  compared  with  the  Accounts  of  others : 
But  nowithftanding  lo  weak  a Foundation  for  railings 
Philofophical  Conjectures,  they  will  ftill  have  their 
ufe,  if  they  are  not  impofed  upon  the  World  for  Ac- 
counts of  things  certain,  to  be  entirely  acquiefced 
in.  Let  them  be  modeftly  offered  as  meer  Hypo- 
thefes  fubmitted  to  a farther  Examination,  and  then 
their  Confequences  will  be  fo  many  Particulars,  which, 
being  carefully  examined  and  compared  with  the  Phe- 
nomena themfelves,  may  ferve  to  refute,  correct,  or 
confirm  the  faid  Hypothefes,  from  whence  they  were 
deduced*. 

It  is  in  this  Senfe  only,  and  with  fuch  a View,  that 
I offer  the  following  Conjectures  upon  the  Subject  of 
intermitting  and  reciprocating  Springs.  For  though 
thefe  Thoughts  were  fuggefted  to  me  by  the  Pheno- 
mena of  a particular  Fountain,  feen  by  my  felf  this 
laft  Winter,  yet  I am  fenfible  that  my  Obfervations 
made  on  it  are  very  imperfeft,  in  Comparifon  of  what 
the  Society  mayexpeCt  and  I.  my  felf  hope  hereafter' 

to 


( JO$  ) 

ro  give  them  : And  as  the  Conjectures  were  framed : 

chiefly  for  my  own  ufe,  againft  another  Opportunity 
of  obferving  this  Fountain  more  carefully;  fo  they 
are  now  communicated  only  for  the  ufe  of  others, 
who  may  perchance  find  fuch  an  Opportunity  before 
me.  Thefe  Obfervations  will  however  difcover  fome- 
thing  of  the  Nature  of  this  Spring  not  yet  imparted 
to  the  Society , nor  taken  notice  of  by  the  Naturalifts, 
fo  far  as  I know,  in  any  other  Spring  whatfoever. 
But  fince  they  are  few,  and  imperfeft,  I fhall  be 
more  particular  in  my  Relation  of  them,  that  no 
greater  Strefs  may  be  laid  on  them  than  they  de- 
fer ve. 

The  Spring  is  fituated’at  one  End  of  the  Town  of 
Er’txam  near  Torbay  in  Devonpire,  and  is  known 
by  the  Name  of  Laywell.  It  is  a long  Mile  di- 
ftant  from  the  Sea,  upon  the  North  and  North-Eaft 
Side  of  a Ridge  of  Hills  lying  between-  it  and  the 
Sea,,  and  making  a Turn  or  Angle  near  this  Spring. 
It  is  fituated  in  the  Side  of  thofe  Hills,  near  the  Bot- 
tom, and  feems  to  have  its  Courfe  from  the  South-*Weft' 
towards  the  North-Eaft.  There  is  a conftantly  run- 
ning Stream  which  difcharges  itfelf  near  one  Corner 
into  a Bafon  about  eight  Foot  in  Length,  and  four 
Foot  and  a half  in  Breadth  j the  Outlet  of  which  is 
at  the  fartheft  End  from  the  Entrance  of  the  Stream, 
about  three  Foot  wide,  and  of  a fufficient  Height. 
This  I mention,  that  a better  Judgment  may  be  made 
of  the  perpendicular  Rife  of  the  Water  in  the  Bafon, 
at  the  time  of  the  Flux  or  Increafe  of  the  Stream. 
Upon  the  outfideof  the  Bafon  are  three  other  Springs, 
which  always  run,  but  with  Streams  fubjeCt  to  a like • 
regular  Increafe  and  Decreafe  with  the  former.  They- 

feein 


( *04  ) 

feem  indeed  only  Branches  of  the  former,  or  rather 
Channels  difcharging  fome  Parts  of  the  conftantly  run. 
ningWater,  which  could  not  empty  itfelf  all  into  the 
Bafon } and  therefore  when  by  means  of  the  Seafon,  or 
Weather,  Springs  are  large  and  high,  upon  the  Flux 
' or  Increafe  of  this  Fountain  feveral  other  little  Springs 
are  fa  id  to  break  forth,  both  in  the  Bottom  of  the  Bafon, 
and  without  it,  which  difappear  again  upon  the  Ebb 
or  Decreafe  of  the  Fountain.  All  the  conftantly  run- 
ning Streams  put  together,  at  the  time  that  I faw  them, 
were,  I believe,  more  than  fufhcient  to  drive  an  Over- 
ihut  Mill  } and  the  Stream  running  into  the  Bafon, 
might  be  about  one  half  of  the  whole. 

I had  made  a Journey  purpofely  to  fee  it,  in  Com.' 
pany  with  a Friend.  When  we  came  to  the  Fountain, 
we  were  informed  by  a Man,  working  juft  by  the  Ba- 
fon, that  the  Spring  had  flow’d  and  ebb’d  about 
twenty  times  that  Morning ; but  had  ceas’d  doing  fo, 
about  half  an  Hour  before  we  came.  I obferved  the 
Stream  running  into  the  Bafon,  for  more  than  an  Hour 
by  my  Watch,  without  perceiving  the  leaft  Variation 
in  it,  or  the  leaft  Alteration  in  the  Height  of  the 
Surface  of  the  Water  in  the  Bafon } which  we  could 
obferve  with  great  Nicety,  by  means  of  a broad  Stone 
laid  in  a {helving  Pofition  in  the  Water.  Thus  dis- 
appointed, we  were  obliged  to  go  and  take  fome  little 
Refrelhment  at  our  Inn ; after  which  we  intend- 
ed to  come  back  and  fpend  the  reft  of  our  Time  by 
the  Fountain,  before  we  returned  Home.  They 
told  us  in  the  Town,  that  many  had  been  difappoint- 
ed  in  this  manner}  and  the  common  People  fuperfti- 
tioufly  imputed  it  to  I know  not  what  Influence  which 
the  Prefence  of  fome  People  had  over  the  Fountain  ; 


C'WY 

for  which  reafon  they  advifed,  that  in  cafe  it  did  not 
flow  and  ebb  when  we  were  both  prefent,  one  of  us 
fhould  abfent  himfelf,  to  try  whether  it  would  do  fo 
in  the  Prefence  of  the  other. 

Upon  our  Return  to  it,  the  Man,  who  was  ftill 
at  work,  told  us,  that  it  began  to  flow  and  ebb  about 
half  an  Hour  after  we  went  away,  and  had  done  fo 
ten  or  twelve  times.  In  lefs  than  a Minute,  we  faw  the 
Stream  coming  into  the  Bafon,  and  likewifethe  others  on 
the  outfide  of  the  Bafon,  begin  to  increafe  and  to  flow 
with  great  Violence  j upon  which  the  Surface  of  the 
Water  in  the  Bafon  rofe  an  Inch  and  a quarter  per- 
pendicularly, in  near  the  Space  of  two  Minutes ; 
Immediately  after  which,  the  Stream  began  to  abate 
again  to  its  ordinarv  Courfe  j and  in  near  two  Minutes 
time  the  Surface  Was  funk  down  to  its  ufual  Height, 
where  it  remained  near  two  Minutes  more.  Then  it 
began  to  flow  again  as  before ; and  in  the  Space  of 
twenty-fix  Minutes  flow’d  and  ebb’d  five  times  s - So 
that  an  Increafe,  Decreafe  and  Paufe,  taken  to- 
gether, were  made  in  about  five  Minutes,  or  a 
little  more. 

I could  obferve  by  the  Mark  upon  the  Stones,  that 
the  Surface  of  the  Water  in  the  Bafon  had  rofe  before 
we  came  at  leaf!  three  Quarters  of  an  Inch  perpendi- 
cularly higher  than  when  we  faw  it ; and  I thought 
that  I could  .perceive  fome  very  little  Abatement  each 
Turn,  both  in  the  Height,  and  in  the  Time  of  the 
rifing  of  the  Surface,  and  confequently  in  the  Time 
of  its  finking  ; but  the  Time  of  the  Paufe,  or  Hand- 
ing of  the  Surface  at  its  ufual  Height,  or  equable 
running  of  the  Stream,  w as  lengthened  } yet  fo,  as 
to  leave  fome  Abatement  in  the  time  of  the  rifing, 

finking,  » 


( -yo-6  ) 

finking,  and  Paufe  taken  together.  This  is  all  which 
my  Ihort  Time  would  allow  me  to  obferve  ; many 
more  things  fhould  have  been  taken  notice  of,  as  will 
appear  from  the  Hypothefis  propofed  to  explain  thefe 
Phenomena. 

But  before  I enter  upon  explaining  that  Hypothefis, 
I muff  remark  what  Difference  or  Agreement  is  to  be 
found  between  this  Account  of  the  Fountain,  and 
another  publilhed  in  the  Philof.  tfranf.  Numb.  204, 
p.  909,  910,  in  two  Letters  from  Dr.  Oliver  to 
Walter  Moyle,  Efq;.  The  Doctor  places  it  a Mile 
and  half  from  Brixam  : I fuppofe  he  means  Brixam- 
Quay,  which  is  more  than  a Mile  off  from  the  Town. 
He  gives  the  Dimenfions  of  the  Bafon  a little  differ- 
ent from  mine,  making  the  Surface  of  it  thirty  Foot 
fquare,  whereas  I make  it  thirty-fix  Foot.  He  fays, 
that  it  ebbs  and  flows  very  often  every  Hour } which 
is  certainly  falfe,  as  appears  both  by  common  Report, 
and  by  my  own  Obfervation.  When  it  once  begins 
indeed  to  flow  and  ebb,  it  continues  to  do  fo  feveral 
times  in  an  Hour  } but  then  there  is  after  this  again  a 
certain  Space  of  Time,  perhaps  two  Hours  or  more, 
when  it  runs  with  an  equable  Stream,  without  any  the 
leaft  Variation:  And  this  is  a particular  Circumltance 
not  obferved  in  any  Spring  whatfoever  that  I have 
heard  of.  When  the  Dodor  firft  faw  it,  viz.  in 
July  1693,  he  fays  that  he  judged  the  Flux  and  Re- 
flux, as  he  calls  them,  to  be  performed  in  about  two 
Minutes : If  he  means  two  Minutes  each,  it  agrees  very 
well  with  my  own  Obfervations j but  as  he  had  neither 
Glafs  nor  Minute-Watch  with  him,  this  Obfervation 
cannot  be  depended  on.  When  he  faw  it  again,  viz.  in 
Auguft  the  fame  Year,  he  judged  it  to  flow  flower  than 

before ; 


( w ) 

before  ; which  he  explains  by  faying,  that  though  it 
performed  its  Flux  and  Reflux  in  little  more  than  a 
Minute  (which  by  the  way  is  quicker  than  before) 
yet  it  would  Hand  at  the  Low-Water  Mark  two  or 
three  Minutes  ; which  I fuppofe  he  calls  flowing 
flower  than  before,  becaufe  the  Space  of  Time  between 
the  End  of  the  Ebb  and  the  Beginning  of  the  fucceed- 
ing  Flux  was  longer.  I had  never  read  this  Account 
’till  lately ; long  fince  my  own  Obfervations  were  made  $ 
but,  if  we  fuppofe  the  Doftor  to  have  made  his  Obfer- 
vations fomewhat  nearer  the  Time  when  the  Fountain 
was  to  ceafe  ebbing  and  flowing,  than  I made  mine,  our 
Obfervations  will  perhaps  exa&ly  agree : The  Time  of 
the  Flux  and  Reflux  being  flK>rter,the  Time  of  the  Paufe 
longer,  but  the  whole  Time  of  the  Flux,  Reflux,  and 
Paufe  taken  together  being  fhorter  by  his  Account  than 
by  my  own.  He  fays,  that  he  found  it  by  his  Watch 
to  flow  and  ebb  fixteen  Times  in  an  Hour : I do  not  fup- 
pofe that  he  made  a whole  Hour's  Obfervations,  which 
mull  have  (hewn  him  a Difference  in  the  Times  of 
the  Reciprocations  that  he  did  not  perceive  ; buthav- 
ing  obferved,that  one  Reciprocation,  or  a Flux,  Reflux, 
and  Paufe,  took  up  about  the  Space  of  four  Minutes, 
he  from  thence  computed,  as  I imagine,  that  there 
would  be  fixteen  in  an  Hour,  prefuming  that  there  was 
no  Alteration  in  the  Times.  In  this  fenfel  would  un- 
derftand  him,  when  he  adds,  that  he  was  informed  it 
fotnetimes  flowed  twenty  Times  in  an  Hour.  For,  ac- 
cording to  his  Obfervations,  it  flowed  at  the  rate  of 
fixteen  Times  in  an  Hour ; according  to  my  own  Ob- . 
fervations,  at  the  rate  of  twelve  Times  in  an  Hour ; 
perhaps  before  my  Obfervations  at  a lefsRate,  and  af- 
ter his  at  a greater : So  that  in  the  whole  Hour,  accord- 
ing to  the  feveral  Rates  taken  together,  it  may  flow 

S s and 


( ) 

and  ebb  about  nine  or  ten  Times,  according  to  ano- 
ther Account  which  I have  received;  but  of  this  I can 
aflert  nothing  certain,  or  upon  my  own  Obfervatiohs. 
The  Doctor  adds,  that  when  the  Water  in  the  Bafon  be- 
gan to  rife,  he  obferved  a Bubbling  in  the  Bottom  of  the 
Bafon,  which  ceafed  when  the  Water  began  to  fink. 
This  I did  not  fee,  becaufe  the  Springs  were  finall  and 
low,  by  means  of  a dry  Seafon  ; but  it  was  confirmed  to 
me  by  the  Report  of  Eye-witnelfes,  as  is  before  obferved. 

Having  thus  compared  the  two  Accounts  given  of 
this  Fountain,  I come  now  to  my  Hypothecs,  for 
explaining  the  Phenomena  obferved  by  me  j and  I ima- 
gine thein  to  be  occafioned  by  two  Streams  or  Springs, 
one  of  which  pa  (ling  through  two  Caverns  or  natural 
Refervoirs  with  Syphons,  meets  with  the  other  Stream 
in  a third  Refervoir  without  a Syphon;  where  being 
joined,  they  come  out  of  the  Earth  together.  This 
complicated  Piece  of  Machinery  will  be  belt  under- 
ftood  by  beginning  with  an  Explanation  of  the  more 
Ample  Parts  firft y in  doing  of  which,  we  fliall  havearr 
Opportunity  of  confidering  fome  other  Sorts  of  Foun- 
tains, which  have  already  been  obferved,  or  may  here- 
after be  found  to  be  in  Nature. 

The  Petitio  Principii,  or  Suppofition  of  Refervoirs 
and  Syphons  in  the  Bowels  of  the  Earth,  has  been  made 
by  others : PereRegtiauU,  in  his  Phil.  Conversions, 
Vol.  2.  Conv.  6.  p.  125,  <3ec.  Eng.  Edit . has  men- 
tioned it  in  general,  and  Dr.  Defaguliers , in  Phil. 
Pranf.  Numb.  384,  has  attempted  to  apply  it  to 
two  Cafes  in  particular  ; as  DechaJes,  Tract,  xvii.  de 
Fontibus  Naturalibus,  &c.  Prop.xv.  had  done  in 
two  other  Cafes  before  him.  Nor  is  it  unnatural  or 
hard  to  be  granted.  Whofoever  has  feen  the  Peak  of 

j Derby-. 


< i °9  ) 

Derlyjbire,  the  Hilly  Parts  of  fVaJes,  or  other  Coun- 
tries, muft  be  fatisfied  that  they  abound  with  Caverns 
of  many  forts.  Some  of  them  are  dry,  others  ferve 
only  for  Paflages,  or  Channels  to  Streams,  which  run 
through  them ; and  a third  Sort  colleft  and  hold  Wa- 
ter, ’till  they  are  full.  They  muft  likewife  have  ob- 
ferved,  that  there  are  fometimes  narrow  Palfages  run- 
ning between  the  Rocks  which  compofe  the  Sides,  and 
going  from  one  Cavern  to  another.  Such  a Paflage,  of 
whatfoever  Shape  or  Dimenfions,  how  crooked  and 
winding  foever  in  its  Courfe,  if  it  be  but  tight, and  runs 
from  the  lower  Part  of  the  Cavern,  firft  upwards  to  a 
lefs  Height  than  that  of  the  Cavern,  and  then  down* 
wards  below  the  Mouth  of  the  faid  Paflage,  will  be  a 
natural  Syphon. 

A natural  Refervoir  then.  Tab.  II,  Fig.  i.  A BCD,' 
with  fuch  a natural  Syphon,  MNP  may  be  fup- 
pofed.  Let  a Stream,  which  I Ihall  call  the  Feeding- 
Stream,  enter  it,  near  the  Top  at  O.  The  faid  Cavern 
muft  contain  all  the  Water  which  comes  in  at  O,  ’till 
it  is  filled  to  the  Top  of  the  Syphon  at  N.  Then  the 
Syphon  beginning  to  play,  and  being  fuppofed  always 
to  difcharge  more  Water  than  comes  in  by  the  Feeding- 
Stream  at  O,  will  empty  the  Cavern,  ’till  the  Water  is 
funk  in  it  below  the  Mouth  of  the  Syphon  at  M;  when 
it  muft  flop,  ’tiil  the  Cavern  is  filled,  and  the  Syphon 
runs  again  as  before.  If  the  Water  difcharged  by  fuch 
a Syphon,  M P be  brought  out  of  the  Earth  by  a Chan- 
nel P Q.,  the  Water  will  flow  out  of  the  Earth,  and 
flop  alternately,  making  an  intermitting  Fountain  at  Q_. 

By  this  plain  and  eafy  Contrivance,  feverai  of 
the  flowing  and  ebbing  Springs  obferved  by  the 
Naturalifts,  may  probably  be  explained  ; and  even 
a much  greater  Variety  of  them  than  is  hither- 

S s z to 


( 3to  ) 

to  known.  For  if  the  Feeding-Stream  at  O fhould 
arife  only  from  the  Rains  in  Winter,  or  from  the  melt- 
ing of  the  Snow  in  Summer,  the  intermitting  Fountain 
would  become  a temporary  Spring,  as  Y)r.Plot  calls  fuch 
Springs  which  are  confined  to  a Seafon.  Or  if  the 
Feeding-Stream  at  O fhould  be  conftant,  but  yet  liable 
with  other  Springs  to  anEncreafe  and  Decreafe  arifing 
from  the  Seafons,  Weather,  or  other  Caufes,  the 
Conftruction  of  the  Syphon  would  make  a great  Alter- 
ation. For  when  the  Syphon  is  fo  made,  that  its  Dif- 
charge  (which  is  continually  decreafing,  as  the  Surface 
of  the  Water  fubfides  in  the  Cavern)  (hall  at  any  Time 
be  equal  to  the  Feeding-Stream  entering  at  0,in  fuch  a 
Cafe,  the  Syphon  muft  continually  run,  and  yet  not 
empty  the  Cavern,  ’till  the  Feeding-Stream  at  O isfuf- 
liciently  diminifhed.  But,  when  the  Diameter  of  the 
Syphon  at  N,  according  to  the  Height  of  the  Cavern, 
is  fo  great,  and  the  Feeding- Stream  at  O fo  fmall,  that 
the  Syphon  can  carry  off  (in  the  Manner  of  a Wafte- 
Pipe)  all  the  Water  which  comes  in,  and  yet  not  run 
with  a full  Stream  } the  Syphon  muft  then  continue 
to  run  without  emptying  the  Cavern,  ’till  the  Feeding- 
Srream  at  O is  fufficiently  enlarged.  So  that  by  thefe 
different  Conftru&ions  of  the  Syphon,  there  may  be 
fome  Fountains  which  fhall  flow  conftantly  in  the 
Winter,  or  a wet  Seafon,  and  intermit  in  the  Summer, 
or  a dry  Seafon  j and  on  the  contrary,  others  which  fhall 
flow  continually  in  the  Summer,  or  a dry  Seafon,  and 
intermit  in  the  Winter,  or  a wet  Seafon.  There  is  a third 
Variety,which  may  arife  from  the  Make  of  the  Syphon, 
and  will  occafion  fuch  Irregularities  as  admit  of  no  cer- 
tain Explanation.  This  happens  when  the  Difcharge 
of  the  Syphon  at  the  very  laft  is  juft  equal  to  the 
Feeding-Stream,  and  the  Cavity  of  the  Syphon  at  N 


( 3*1  ) 

is  large ; for  in  this  Cafe,  the  Air-Bubbles,  made  by 
the  Fall  of  the  Feeding-Stream  from  O to  the  Bottom 
of  the  Cavern,  will  fometimes  accidentally  get  into  the 
Mouth  of  the  Syphon  at  M,  and  lodging  at  N,  will  fo 
choak  it  as  to  render  its  running  and  flopping,  as  well 
as  the  Quantity  of  its  Difcharge,  entirely  uncertain  j 
fo  that  thefe  fort  of  Fountains  will  admit  of  no  far- 
ther Confideration. 

But  before  I leave  the  Confideration  of  Fountains  ex- 
plicable by  oneRefervoir  and  Syphon, it  may  not  beamifs 
to  obferve,  that  thofe  which  intermit  regularly  will 
have  their  Flux  always  longer,  and  their  Paufe  orln- 
rermiflion  Ihorter  in  Winter  and  in  wet  Weather,  than 
in  Summer  or  in  a dry  Seafon  ; which  is  a Confe- 
quence  of  this  Hypothefis,  by  which  it  may  be  exa- 
mined, whether  it  bq  applicable  to  any  particular  inter- 
mitting Fountain,  or  not. 

If  the  (ingle  Refervoir  and  Syphon  has  another  Out- 
let at  R,  Fig.  i.fituated  between  the  Bottom  C D of  the 
Cavern,  and  the  Top'  of  the  Syphon  N,  we  (hall  have 
another  kind  of  Fountains.  For  if  the  Feeding-Stream 
at  O,  is  capable  of  being  difcharged  by  the  Out-let  at 
R,  a Fountain  derived  from  R will  continually  run, 
whilft  the  Feeding-Stream  can  be  difcharged  that  Way, 
and  will  encreafe  and  decreafe  with  any  little  Altera- 
tion happening  to  the  Feeding-Stream  at  O,  provided 
that  the  faid  Stream  does  not  grow  too  large  for  the 
Out-let  at  R.  But  in  that  Cafe  the  Cavern  muft  be 
filled uptoN,andtheSyphonmaybeginto  play;  which, 
together  with  the  Out-let  at  R,may  difcharge  fo  much 
as  to  make  the  Surface  of  the  Water  in  the  Cavern 
fink  below  R,  and  confequently  the  Fountain  proceed- 
ing from  R muft  flop.  If  the  Difcharge  of  the  Syphon 
is  fo  great  as  to  empty  the  Cavern,  then  the  Fountain: 

derived 


( n*  ) 

derived  from  R will,  after  fome  time,  begin  to  run 
again,  and  encreafe  ’till  the  Water  rifes  in  the  Cavern 
to  N ; after  which  it  will  decreafe,  and  at  length 
ftop.  But  if  the  Difcharge  of  the  Syphon  only  keeps 
the  Surface  of  the  Water  below  R,  without  emptying 
the  Cavern,  then  the  Fountain  derived  from  R (hall  be 
dried  up,  fo  long  as  the  Stream  at  O continues  en- 
creafed  ; and  fhall  run  again  when  the  faid  Feeding- 
Stream  is  leffened.  Thus  we  may  have  a Spring 
which  fhall  run  all  Summer,  and  be  dry  all  Winter: 
Such  a Spring  will  encreafe  juft  before . it  begins  to 
fail,  i.  e.  whilft  the  Water  in  the  Cavern  is  rifing  to 
N,  will  be  dried  up  fooner  in  a wet  Summer,  and 
break  out  later  in  a wet  Winter,  contrary  to  the  Na- 
ture of  other  Springs.  Which  Particulars  are  worthy 
of  Obfervation  in  fuch  fort  of  Springs  (of  which 
it  is  faid  we  have  fome  in  England ) and  will  ferve 
to  difcover,  whether  they  are  occasioned  by  this  kind 
of  Machinery,  or  not. 

If  the  Syphon  Fig.  3.  MNP,  of  the  Refervoir 
ABCD, having  no  Out-let  at  R,(hould  d ifcharge  itfelf  into 
a fecond  Refervoir  EFGH  of  afmaller  Capacity,  but 
furnifhed  with  a Syphon  S T V,  which  difcharges  the 
Water  more  plentifully  than  it  comes  in  j a Fountain 
derived  from  this  fecond  Syphon  S T V would  flow 
and  intermit,  whilft  the  firft  Syphon  MNP  conti- 
nued running^  i.  e.  ’till  the  great  Refervoir  A BCD 
fhould  be  emptied.  After  which  it  would  entirely  flop, 
still  the  faid  Refervoir  ABCD  was  filled  again  by  the 
Feeding-Stream  at  O,  and  then  it  would  flow  and  in- 
termit as  before. 

Such  a Sort  of  compound  Fountain  would  be  liable 
to  all  the  Variations  of  the  former  Fountains  derived 
from  a fingle  Refervoir,  if  we  take  the  Fits  of  flow- 
ing 


C Vi  ) 

ing  and  intermitting  of  this  for  the  Flux  of  the  fott 
xner,  and  the  long  Stop  in  this,  whilft  the  great  Refer- 
voir  is  filling,  for  thePaufe  or  Intermillion  of  the  for- 
mer. Befides  which,  we  muft  remark,,  that  as  the 
Flux  in  the  former  Fountains  may  be  changed,  and  be 
made  longer  or  flatter;  fo  in  this,  the  Number  of 
Intermiflions  during  one  Fit  of  flowing  and  intermit- 
ting may  not  always  be  the  fame,  becaufe  of  the  dif- 
ferent Capacities  of  the  two  Refervoirs,  and  a Differ- 
ence or  Change  occafioned  in  the  Feeding-Stream  at  O. 
For  if,  whilft  the  great  Refervoir  A B C D is  emptying, 
the  little  Refervoir  EFGH  fiould  empty  itfelf  nine 
times,  for  Inftance,  and  be  half  full  again,  the  Foun- 
tain derived  from  its  Syphon  STV  muft  have  nine 
Intermiflions  in  one  Fit,  and  ten  in  another,  alternate- 
ly, whilft  the  Feeding-Stream  at  O remains  the  fame. 
But  the  Feeding-Stream  at  O being  leflened  or  enlarg- 
ed, without  making  the  Syphon  MNP  run  continu- 
ally, the  Number  of  Intermiflions  in  each  Fit  will  be 
diminilhed  or  augmented  accordingly.  But  *tis  pecu- 
liar to  this  laft  Sort  of  Fountains,  that  in  each  Fit  of 
flowing  and  intermitting,  the  firft  Flux  will  be  larger 
and  longer  than  the  fecond,  and  the  fecond  than  the 
third  j but  the  firft  Intermiflidn  will  be  (hotter 
than  the  fecond,  and  the  fecond  than  the  third  : 
becaufe  the  Syphon  MNP  running  fafter  at  firft 
than  at  laft,  the  Refervoir  EFGH  muft  be  a (hotter 
Time  in  being  filled,  and  a longer  Time  in  be- 
ing emptied  the  firft  Time  than  the  fecond  ; 
the  fecond  than  the  third,  and  fo  on.  As  to  the 
whole  Time  of  the  firft  Flux  and  Intermiflion,inCom- 
parifon  of  the  whole  Time  of  the  fecond  Flux  and 
Intermiflion,  it  is  a Particular, requiringfo  many  Things 
to  be  taken  into  Confideration,  for  determining  it  in 

each 


( 3 l4  ) 

each  Cafe,  that  I (hall  wave  it  here,  and  content  my- 
felf  with  (hewing  that  it  may  be  longer,  by  an  Ex- 
periment that  will  prefently  be  made.  Another  Vari- 
ety in  this  Sort  of  Fountains  might  be  made  by  a fecond 
Feeding-Stream  Z,  coming  into  the  fecond  Refervoir 
E F G H;  but  the  bare  mentioning  of  that  will  at  prefent 
be  fufficient. 

If  in  the  Contrivance  of  a Angle  Refervoir  and  Sy- 
phon, the  Stream  derived  from  the  Syphon  (hould  fall 
into  another  Refervoir  Fig.  4.  I K K L,  having  no  Sy- 
phon, but  only  a common  Out-let  X,  and  (hould  in  this 
Refervoir  meet  and  join  with  another  Stream  conftant- 
ly  running,  a Fountain  derived  from  the  faid  Out-let  X 
would  be  a Reciprocating-Spring;  by  which  Name  I 
call  thofe  Springs  which  flow  conftantly,  but  with  a 
Stream  fubjeft  to  encreafe  and  decreafe,  to  diftinguifli 
them  from  Intermitting-Spring9,  which  flow  and  flop 
alternately.  And  if  the  Out-let  X be  too  fmall  to  carry 
off  all  the  Water  brought  into  the  Refervoir  IKKL, 
by  the  Syphon,  over  and  above  what  is  brought  in 
by  the  conftantly  running  Stream  W ; then  the  Sur- 
face of  the  Water  in  the  (aid Refervoir  IKKL  muft 
continually  rife,  ’till  the  Velocity  of  the  Stream  going 
out  at  X,  is  fufHciently  encreafed,  to  carry  oft'  the 
Water  coming  in : Upon  which,  the  Difcharge  of  the 
Syphon  being  continually  le(fened,the  faid  Surface  will 
again  fubfide,  and  the  Velocity  of  the  Stream  atX  will 
diminilh  j fo  that  both  the  Encreafe  and  Decreafe  in  this 
Reciprocating-Fountain  will  be  gradual.  Befides,  if 
the  Refervoir  IKKL,  or  the  Channel  derived  from  it 
fhould  have  any  Leaks,  Crevices,  or  other  Out-lets, 
the  Water  will  iflue  through  them  upon  the  Rifing 
of  the  Surface  in  the  faid  Refervoir,  and  occafion 
Springs,  which  will  ceafe  again  when  the  Surface  fub- 
fides.  Let 


c ) 

Let  us  now fuppofe  fuch  a Refervoir  Fig.  5.IKKL, 
with  acondantly  running  Stream W,  and  an  Out-let  X, to 
receive  the  Water  of  a Syphon  S T V,  coming  through 
two  Refervoirs  A BCD  andEFGH,  as  before  de- 
fcribed.  A Fountain  derived  from  X in  this  Cafe, 
would  be  an  intermitting  Reciprocating-Spring,  whofe 
Stream  would  reciprocate,  but  whofe  Reciprocations 
would  fometimCs  flop,  and  have  Fits  of  Intermillion. 

Such,  in  all  probability,  is  the  Fountain  called 
Layvueli,  before  defcribed,  whofe  Phenomena  gave 
occafion  to  thefe  Thoughts,  and  feera  capable  of  being 
accounted  for  by  fuch  a Contrivance.  And  for  the 
better  Difcovery  of  the  Nature  of  this  Fountain,  whe- 
ther it  is  owing  to  fuch  a Piece  of  Natural  Machinery, 
or  otherwife,  it  would  be  proper  to  bbferve  the  length 
of  Time  of  each  Increafe,  Decreafe,  and  Paufe  in  every 
Reciprocation,  together  with  the  Number  of  Recipro- 
cations in  every  Reciprocating-Fit,  and  like  wife  the 
length  of  the  Intermillions  of  the  faid  Fits.  Thele 
Obfervations  (houldbe  continued  for  fome  Time,  both 
in  a fettled  Seafon,  when  the  Feeding-Stream  at  O 
cannot  change,  and  in  Variety  of  Seafons,  when  the 
faid  Stream  may  be  altered. 

Having  now  brought  rhefe  Thoughts  to  the  End 
propofed,  viz.  an  Explanation  of  fuch  a Fountain  as 
Lay vo ell,  I lhail  carry  them  no  farther  ; but  conclude, 
by  prefenting  to  the  View  of  the Society,  an  artificial 
Fountain  of  this  kind,  Fig.  y.  which  being  very  ealily 
made,  may  be  buried  in  the  Bottom  or  Slope  of  a 
Terrafs,  where  a conftant  Stream  of  Water  can  be 
brought,  and  will  furnilh  us  with  a new  fort  of  Wa- 
ter-Works in  Gardens.-  The  two.  Refervoirs  A B C D, 
E F G H,  with  their  Syphons  MNP,  ST  V,  and  the 
V'-  o T t'r  j third 


( 3l<5  > 

, third  Refervoir  IKKL,  with  its  Out-l-et  X,  are  in- 
cluded in  a Box  YYY  Y.  Intp-this  Box  at  a enters  a 
Funnel  TXT  divided  within  the  Box  into  two  Pipes, 
viz.  aO,  which  ferves  for  a Feeding-Stream  to  the 
great  Refervoir,  and  aW,  which  ferves  for  a conftant 
Stream  to  the  third  Refervoir.  A Stream  of  Water 
being  let  into  the  Funnel  TAr,  will  difcharge  itfelf 
• likefuch  an  intermitting  Reciprocating-Fpuntain  at  X, 
where  there  is  a Bafoh  YZZZ  without  the  Box 
to  receive  it  ^ with  an  Out-let  a,  and  a Diagonal  Gage 
Z Y,  to  mark  the  Rife  and  Fall  of  the  Water  in  the 


III.  ImmerJioneSy  atque  Emerjtones  Satellitum  Jo- 
vis  ObjeryattX,  Perkini  a <p.  (P.  Ignatio  Kegler, 
^Andrea  Pereira,  Soc.  Jesu,  a menfe'N  ovem. 
1730,  ad<fteVd-  P.Johannem  Baptiftam  Gar- 
bone,  Soc.  Jesu,  S'.  S.  tranjnufjcc ,•  et  ex 
ejufdem  CL  Viri  Epiftold  ad  Jacobum  de  Ca- 
ftro  Sarmento,  M.  T>.  Col . Medic.  Lond. 
L.  S.  S.  excarptue. 


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Die  14  Nro.  1730  circa  lior.  4 p.  m.  Luna  obtexit 
Martem.  Immerlio,  claro  adhuc  die,  videri  non  po» 
tuit:  obfervata  tamen  eft  Emerfio,  qua  accidit  hor.  4. 
54rproxime  Fuinerium.  ' Die 


( ) 


Die  17  Jan.  1731*  Obfervatus  eft  tranlitus  Lunas  per 
Pleiadas,  ut  fequitur. 

H.  » " p.  M.  . 

10  9 40  Immerfit  Ele&ra  in  reda  per  Platonem, 

5c  Eudoxam. 

10  32  fi  Immerfit  Merope  — - — — — - Copern. 

5c  Meflillam. 

10  38  is  Emerfit  Eledra  Thaletem, 

5c  Eudoxum. 

11  23  s 1 Immerfit  praecedens  J.ucidam  Pieiadum 

(triplex  Stellula)  in  reda  perEratofth. 
5c  S.  Cyrillum. 

11  26  s Immerfit  lucida,  feu  Alcyone,  Copern, 

5c  S.  Cathar. 

11  47  32  Emerfit  Merope  in  re&a  per  Tarunt. 

5c  S.  Theophil. 

12  1 10  Immerfit  lucidior  ex  parvis  ad  Auftrutn 

Atlantis,  in  re£ta  per  Bulliald,  5c  Gen- 
forinum. 

12  12  12  Immerfit  Atlas  in  reda  per  Copern.  5i 

JuL  Caefar. 

12  13  S7  Emerfit  Alcyone  in  re£ta  per  Margi-. 

nnn  Orient.  Poffid.  5c  Menelaum. 

12  2 s 3 Immerfit  Pleione  in  re£ka  per  Copern. 

5c  Ptolomeum. 

1731,  Die  14  Mart.  <r  occultavit  Stellam  K in  o 
Immerfio  accidit  H.  8,  41'  S°  ' P-  M.  in  reda  per  Ta- 
tium,  5c  Langrenum.  Emerfit  H.  9,  51'  a Firmicos 
Hiodite  ad  Auflriutn. 


Die 


(( m )) 

Die  20  Mart.  5 occultavit  Stellam  t in  <a.  Im- 
merfio  fuit  H.  11,  13' p.  M-.  in  reda  per  Merfepumj 
Sc  Bullialdum.  Emerfio  H.  12,  31'  e regione  Firmici. 

Die  16  MpriJ.  a occultavit  Stellam  0,  in  <51  . Im- 
merfio  fuit  H.  8,  4 6'  307  p.  M.  in  re£ta  per  BUllialdi  1 
Sc  Cenforin.  Emerfio  H.  10,  5'  45"  in  jre6|a  part 
Taruntium,  St  Menelaum. 

Eclipfis  4 Die  29  Julij,  1730,  Pekini  obdenfe 
nubilatum  Coelum  non  potuit  obfervari.  Earn  tamen 
obfervavit  P.Phil.fac.  S'wonelli  in  urbe  Cluimxo 
in  province  Nankinenjis , qua;  Pekino  ad  ortum  di- 
ftat  pruloplus  4 grad.iEquat.  id  eft,  16  vel  i7  inin.: 
temp.  Initium  Eclipfis  ibi  fuit  H.  10,  55'  p.  M.  Sc  fi- 
nis H.  12,  49',  cum  maxima  obfcuratione  digitorum 
fiaicorum  H.  3,  iq'.  Itaque  medium  Eclipfis  illrc  ac- 
cidit  H.  ix,  f 2',  quod  pro  Pekino  calculus  dabat 
H.  11,  36',  cum  differentia  16'  fatis  jufta. 

Eandem  Eclipfim  in  Regia  Cochins  bina  obfervavit 
P.  Francifcas  de  Lima . Initium  annotavit  H.  9,  j 8V 
p.  M.  Sctinem  H.  11,  fo',  adeoque  medium  ibi  erat 
H.  10,  5-4',  unde  exurgit  differentia  ejus  Meridiani  a 
Pekino  ad  Occid.  42'.  temp,  id  eft,  io°  30'  iEquat. 

* * t 1 1 ! 

*m\  1 

•rru:  iz,:.  1 y . . ; 

/ . < ,■  b&n  Li  1 £ £,m 

IV.  A 

i > n . \ 


.] 


( p»  ) 

IV.  A Catalogue  of  Eclipfes  of  Jupiter’s  Sa- 
tellites for  the  Year  1 753.  ’Ey  James 
Hodgfon,  F.  % S.  Majler  of  the  Qtyyal  Ma- 
thematical School  at  Chrift’s  Hofpital, London. 

Ecclipses  of  the  firjl  Satellite  of  Jupiter. 


Immerfions. 

D.  H.  M~sT 

January. 

2 3 7 56 

3 21  35  4i 

« 16  3 26* 

7 10  31  12 

9 4 59  1 

10  23  26  54 

12  17  54  48* 

14  12  22  44 

16  -6  50  41 

18  1 18  42 

19  19  46  47 

21  14  14  53* 

23  8 43  2 

25  3 11  15 

26  21  39  31 

28  16  7 50* 

30  10  36  12 

February. 


I 

5 

4 

37 

2 

23 

33 

00 

4 

18 

1 

25; 

6 

12 

29 

5°' 

8 

6 

58 

14 

Immerfions. 


D. 

H. 

M. 

S. 

IO 

1 

26 

39 

I I 

19 

55 

7 

*3 

14 

2-3 

42* 

15 

8 

52 

20 

l7 

3 

21 

00 

i 

18 

21 

49 

40 

20 

16 

18 

22*? 

22 

10 

47 

8 

24 

5 

15 

54 

25 

23 

44 

44 

27 

18 

!3 

32 

March. 

I 

12 

42 

21^ 

3 

7 

I I 

15! 

5 

1 

40 

1 1 

6 

20 

9 

7 

8 

14 

38 

10 

9 

6 

58 

12 

3 

35 

54 

?3 

22 

4 

50 

15 

16 

33 

45* 

i7‘ 

11 

2 

41* 

19 

5 

3* 

36 

21 

00 

00 

32 

22 

18 

29 

28 

Immerfions. 


D. 

H. 

M. 

S. 

24 

12 

58 

26* 

26 

7 

27 

25 

28 

1 

56 

24 

29 

20 

2.5 

20 

3i 

14 

54 

15* 

April. 

2 

9 

23 

10* 

4 

3 

52 

7 

5 

22 

21 

4 

7 

16 

49 

59* 

9 

ii 

18 

53* 

1 1 

5 

47 

45 

*3 

00 

16 

36 

Emerfions. 


14 

20 

53 

44 

16 

15 

22 

33* 

18 

9 

51 

22* 

20 

4 

20 

8 

21 

22 

48 

53 

23 

i7' 

17 

34„ 

25 

1 1 

46 

3 

27 

6 

14 

53 

29 

00 

43 

32 

30 

19 

12 

ii 

M A V, 

( *«  > 


Eclipses  of  the  fir  ft  Satellite  of  Jupitkr. 


Emerfions. 

Emerfions. 

Emerfions, 

D. 

H. 

M. 

s 

D. 

H. 

, M. 

S. 

D 

H. 

M. 

s. 

19 

8 

26 

55 

6 

3 

21 

16 

M A Y. 

2 I 

2 

55 

7 

2 1 

50 

18 

* 

22 

21 

2 3 

42 

9 

16 

19 

21 

2 

*3 

40 

50* 

24 

15 

52 

_ * 

/ 

1 1 

10 

48 

26 

4 

8 

9 

.28* 

26 

10 

20 

34* 

*3 

5 

17 

34* 

6 

2 

38 

3 

28 

4 

49 

2 

14 

2 3 

46 

44 

7 

21 

6 

34* 

29 

23 

J7 

3° 

16 

18 

16 

00 

9 

35 

02* 

18 

12 

45 

18 

1 1 

10 

3 

32* 

J u 

L Y. 

20 

7 

14 

40* 

l3 

4 

32 

2 

22 

1 

44 

00 

14 

23 

0 

32 

I 

J7 

45 

58 

23 

20 

13 

16 

16 

17 

29 

00 

3 

12 

14 

28* 

25 

14 

42 

33 

18 

I I 

57 

25* 

5 

6 

42 

56 

27 

9 

1 1 

46 

20 

6 

25 

49 

7 

1 

1 1 

27 

’9 

3 

40 

56 

22 

0 

54 

12 

8 

J9 

40 

1 

30 

22 

10 

3 

23 

J9 

22 

33 

10 

14 

8 

35*' 

25 

13 

50 

52* 

12 

8 

37 

1 1 

Septembe  r. 

27 

8 

19 

8* 

14 

3 

5 

5i 

29 

2 

47 

26 

i5 

21 

34 

34 

1 

16 

39 

14 

30 

21 

15 

45* 

J7 

16 

3 

20* 

3 

1 1 

8 

3i 

*9 

10 

32 

8* 

5 

5 

37 

50 

- 

J U N E. 

21 

5 

00 

59 

7 

00 

7 

6 

22 

23 

29 

5i 

8 

18 

36 

2 4 

1 

15 

44 

2 

2 4 

17 

58 

43 

10 

13 

5 

4i 

3 

10 

12 

17* 

26 

12 

27 

37* 

12 

7 

35 

00 

5 

4 

40 

34 

28 

6 

56 

29 

i4 

2 

4 

!7 

6 

23 

8 

5° 

30 

1 

25 

22 

i5 

20 

33 

33 

8 

*7 

37 

7 

3i 

19 

54 

14 

i7 

15 

2 

47 

10 

12 

5 

23* 

i9 

9 

3i 

56 

12 

6 

33 

40 

August, 

21 

4 

1 

1 

14 

1 

1 

58 

22 

22 

30 

4 

15 

19 

30 

17 

2 

14 

23 

1 r 

24 

16 

59 

7 

*7 

13 

58 

35* 

4. 

„ 8 

52 

13* 

z6 

11 

28 

9 

28 


( 5*3  ) 


Eclipses  of  the  firjl  Satellite  of  Jupiter* 


Emerfions. 


D. 

H. 

M. 

S. 

28 

5 

57 

11* 

30 

00 

26 

13 

October. 

1 

18 

55 

!3 

3 

13 

24 

12 

5 

7 

53 

IO 

7 

2 

22 

6 

8 

20 

5i 

00 

10 

15 

!9 

52  ' 

Jupiter  and  the  Sun 
in  Conjunction. 


Immerfions. 

D.  H.  M.  S~ 
November. 

Immerfions. 

Jupiter  and  the  Sun 
in  Conjunction. 

23  18  58  20# 

25  13  26  2 

27  7 53  43 

29  2 21  22 

30  20  49  1 

December. 

2 13  16  37 

4 9 44  12 


Immerfions. 


D. 

H. 

M. 

s. 

6 

4 

1 1 

43 

7 

22 

39 

13 

9 

17 

6 

42* 

1 1 

1 1 

34 

10 

13 

6 

1 

37 

15 

00 

29 

2 

16 

18 

56 

27* 

18 

13 

23 

52 

20 

7 

5i 

18 

22 

2 

18 

5i 

23 

20 

46 

29 

25 

15 

14 

5 

27 

9 

41 

4r 

29 

4 

9 

17 

30 

22 

36 

55 

EcLirsES  of  the  fecond  Satellite  of  JupiterJ 


Immerfions. 


January. 


4 

4 

5 

27 

7 

17 

21 

24* 

3 1 

6 

37 

34 

14 

19 

53 

52 

18 

9 

10 

18 

21 

22 

26 

57 

25 

11 

43 

48 

29 

1 

00 

52 

February. 

1 

1+ 

18 

7* 

5 

3 

35 

32 

Immerfions. 


8 

16 

53 

00* 

12 

6 

10 

32 

15 

19 

28 

22 

19 

8 

46 

23 

22 

22 

4 

26 

26 

1 1 

22 

41* 

March. 

2 

00 

40 

54 

5 

13 

59 

18* 

9 

3 

*7 

44 

12 

16 

36 

t 

16 

5 

54 

33 

*9 

19 

12 

55 

U 

u 

Immerlions. 


23 

8 

31 

21 

26 

21 

49 

5i 

3° 

1 1 

8 

14* 

April. 

3 

00 

26 

36 

6 

1 3 

45 

3* 

10 

3 

3 

29 

1 3 

1 6 

21 

40* 

Emerfions. 

*7 

8 

18 

12* 

20 

21 

36 

1 7 

24 

10 

54 

12# 

28 

00 

12 

00 

May 

( + > 


Eclipses  of  the  fecond  Satellite  of  Jupiter. 


Emerfions. 

• WA  A 

Emerfions. 

Emerfions. 

D, 

H. 

M. 

S. 

M. 

D. 

H. 

S* 

D. 

M. 

H.  S. 

2.2 

7 

IO 

55 

8 

12 

4 10 

May. 

*5 

20 

29 

13 

12 

1 

22  26 

29 

9 

47 

3I# 

i 

13 

29 

45* 

5 

2 

47 

36 

August. 

Jupiter  and  the  Sun 

8 

16 

5 

IO 

in  Conjunction. 

12 

5 

22 

40 

I 

23 

5 

50 

i5 

18 

40 

I I 

5 

12 

24 

28 

19 

7 

57 

34 

9 

1 

43 

4 

November. 

22 

21 

14 

5i 

12 

15 

1 

47 

26 

10 

3i 

58* 

16 

4 

20 

43 

Immerfions. 

29 

23 

49 

7 

!9 

J7 

39 

54 

23 

6 

59 

5* 

23 

*4 

9 1 

June* 

26 

20 

18 

7 

27 

3 

24  52 

30 

9 

36 

59 

30 

16 

40  35 

2 

*3 

6 

20* 

6 

2 

23 

l6 

September* 

December. 

9 

15 

40 

20 

i3 

4 

57 

26 

2 

22 

55 

58 

4 

5 

56  29 

16 

18 

14 

34 

6 

12 

15 

10 

7 

19 

12  14# 

20 

7 

3i 

48 

10 

1 

34 

19 

1 1 

8 

27  42 

23 

20 

49 

8 

13 

14 

53 

27 

14 

21 

43  ix 

27 

10 

6 

33* 

17 

4 

12 

32 

18 

10 

58  42 

30 

22 

24 

1 

20 

*7 

3i 

23 

22 

00 

14  23 

24 

6 

50 

3 

25 

13. 

30  5 

July. 

27 

20 

8 

41 

29 

2 

45  56 

4 

12 

4i 

3 I# 

8 

1 

'59 

5 

October. 

1 1 

15 

16 

47 

16 

Janu- 

i5 

4 

34 

37 

1 

9 

27 

i8 

17 

52 

41 

4 

22 

45 

46 

C m ) 

Eclipses  of  the  third  Satellite  of  Jupiter. 


February. 

Immerfions. 

4 5 4 23 

ii  9 2 32 

18  13  00  34* 

25  17  1 7# 

Emerfions. 

4 7 23  55 

11  11  21  34 

18  15  20  6* 

25  19  19  9 

March. 

Immerfions. 

4 21  1 1 

12  1 1 7 

19  5 1 11 


D. 

H. 

M. 

s. 

D. 

-Mr  S. 

D. 

H. 

M. 

S. 

16 

9 

r 22 

Ju 

NE. 

January 

• 

Emerfions. 

Immerfions 

Immerfions. 

4 

23 

is  35 

6 

00 

48 

45 

6 

I3 

17 

41 

12 

3 

18  13 

13 

4 

46 

14 

13 

17 

13 

1 5# 

20 

8 

43 

57* 

20 

21 

9 

29 

April. 

27 

12 

42 

1^ 

28 

1 

6 

31 

Immerfions. 

Emerfions, 

Emerfions. 

2 

13 

1 24* 

6 

3 

2 

I 

6 

*5 

39 

13* 

9 

17 

1 23 

l3 

6 

59 

34 

13 

*9 

34 

18* 

20 

10 

57 

i# 

20 

23 

30 

1 

Jup 

iter  and  the  Sun 

27 

14 

54 

28 

3 

26 

33 

in  Conjunction. 

LY. 

Emerfions. 

Jupiter  and  the  Sun 
in  Conjun&ion. 

1 6 23  16  22 

*4  3 i5  *4 

May. 

Immerfions. 

22  16  53  42 

29  20  51  17 

Emerfions. 

1 7 13  28 

8 11  11  55* 

15  15  IQ  I 

22  19  7 48 

29  23  5 9 

U u 2 


Immerfions. 

4 16  40  16 

if  20  58  46 

19  00  37  59 

26  4 37  44 

Emerfions. 

4 *8  52  58 

12  22  51  22 

19  2 50  29 

26  6 50  10 

August. 

Immerfions. 

2 8 37  36* 

9 12  38  1 

16  16  38  56 

23  20  40  27 

31  00  41  3° 
August 


Eclipses  of  the  third  Satellite  of  Jupiter. 

D.  H.  M.  S. 


D.  H M.  S. 
August. 
Emerfions. 

2 io  50  00 

9 *4  50  23 

16  18  51  16 

25  22  52  45 

31  2 53  4-6 

September. 

Immerfions. 

7 4 42  52 

14  8 44  18 

21  12  45  1 6 

Emerfions. 


D.  H.  M.  S. 

14  10  56  44 

21  14  57  46 

28  1 8 58  16 

October. 

Jupiter  and  the  Sun 
in  Conjunction. 

Emerfions. 

5 22  58  33 

13  2 58  21 

November. 

Immerfions. 

20  32  50 


25  00  27  56 

Jupiter  and  the  Sun 
in  Conjunction. 

December. 

Immerfions. 

2 4 22,  45 

9 8 17  11 

16  12  11  11 

23  16  5 *7 

30  20  go  i8# 

Emerfions. 

23  18  20  49* 

30  22  15  00 


7 6 55  12*117 


The  fourth  Satellite  continues  to  pafs  wide  of 
the  Shadow,  fo  that  he  will  not  be  eclipfed  this 
Year. 


N.  B.  fhofephat  are  marled  with  a Stary  are 
vi/ihle  ai  London. 


( 3*7  ) 

V.  Experiments  to  prove  the  Exiftence  of  a Fluid 
in  the  Nerves.  ’Ey  Alexander  Stuart,  M.  D . 
Med.  <$egin.  S'.  S.  See. 

TH  E Exiftence  of  a Fluid  in  the  Nerves 
(commonly  called  the  Animal  Spirits)  has 
been  doubted  of  by  many  ; and  notwithftanding 
Experiments  made  by  Ligatures  upon  the  Nerves r 
pfc.  continues  to  be  controverted  by  fome.  This 
induced  me  to  make  the  following  Experiments, 
which,  I hope,  may  help  to  fet  thatDodrine,  which 
is  of  fo  much  Confequence  in  the  Animal  CEconomy, 
and  Practice  of  Phyfick,  in  a clearer  Light  than  I 
think  it  has  hitherto  appeared  in,. 

EXPERIMENT1  I. 

I fufpended  a Frog  by  the  Fore  Legs  in  a Frame, 
leaving  the  inferiour  Parts  loofe  then  the  Head  be- 
ing cut  off  with  a Pair  of  Sciffars,  I made  a flight 
Pufli  perpendicularly  downwards,  upon  the  uppermoft 
Extremity  of  the  Medulla  Spinalis , in  the  upper 
Vertebra , with  the  Button-end  of  the  Probe,  filed 
flat  and  fmooth  for  that  Purpofe ; by  which  all  the 
inferiour  Parts  were  inftantaneoufly  brought  into  the 
fulleft  and  flrongeft  Contra&ion  j and  this  I repeated 
feveral  times,  on  the  fame  Frog,  with  equal  Succefs^ 
intermitting  a few  Seconds  of  Time  between  the 
Pufhes,  which,  if  repeated  too  quick,  made  the  Con- 
tractions much  flighted 

EX- 


( 3l8  ) 

# 

EXPERIMENT  IL 

With  the  fame  fiat  Button-end  of  the  Probe,  I 
pufhed  (lightly  towards  the  Brain  in  the  Head,  upon 
that  End  of  the  Medulla  Oblongata  appearing  in  the 
occipital  Hole  of  the  Skull ; upon  which  the  Eyes 
were  convulfed.  This  alfo  I repeated  feveral  times, 
on  the  fame  Head,  with  the  fame  Effed. 

E XP  E RIME  NT  HI. 

I tied  a Piece  of  fine  Twine,  or  Thread,  parallel  to 
the  crural  Artery,  Vein  and  Nerve  of  a Dog^  and 
made  a Ligature  on  them,  and  on  the  Parallel  Twine, 
above  and  below,  at  theDiftance  of  about  four  Inches  * 
then  I cut  beyond  the  Ligatures  above  and  below,  fo  as 

to  take  out  the  Veffels  and  Nerve,  together  with  the  pa- 
rallel Twine,  in  one  Bundle  j and  laying  them  on  a 
Board,  both  the  Artery  and  Vein  contraded  immediate. 
ly,and  were  fhortned  to  almoft  one  half  of  the  natural 
Length  which  they  had  in  the  Body  •,  to  wit,  to  two 
Inches  and  a half  j whereas  the  Nerve  remained  uncon- 
traded,  at  its  natural  Length,  and  commenfurated  to 
the  parallel  Twine  of  four  Inches,  as  before  it  was  cut 
out  of  the  Body,  according  to  the  annexed  Figure. 

I II  I ""  i 

I 2 3 4 

The  Nerve  and  Twine  at  their  natural  Length. 

* 1 1 Inches. 

1 2 

The  Artery  and  Vein  contracted. 


By 


( 3 19  ) 

By  which  it  appears  that  the  Proportion  of  the 
Blood-Veffels  in  their  compleateft  Contraction,  to 
themfelves  in  a State  of  Extenfion,  and  to  the  Nerves 
at  their  conftant  and  natural  Length,  is  nearly  as  5 
to  8 ; or,  which  is  the  fame  thing,  any  given  Seftion 
of  a Blood-Veffel,  cut  out  and  left  to  itfelf,  is  capa- 
ble of  contra&ing,  fo  as  to  lofe  f Parts  of  its  Length. 

But  though  this  Experiment  may  fuffice  for  efti- 
mating  the  Elafticity  of  the  Blood-Veffels  in  general, 
yet  it  is  not  to  be  doubted,  but  the  Degree  of  their 
Strength  and  Elafticity  may  differ  a little  more  or  lefs 
in  Animals  of  different  Species,  and  Individuals  of 
the  fame  Species*  nay  even  in  the  fame  Individual  at 
different  Stages  of  Life  5 butthefe  Differences  are  not 
material  to  my  prefent  Purpofe,  which  is  only  to 
fhew,  that  the  Nerves  are  not  elaftick,  and  that  the 
Blood* Veffels  are  fo  to  a very  confiderable  Degree. 

INFERENCES  from  thefe  E X P E* 
RIMENfS .. 

Thetwo  firft  Experiments  fhew,  that  the  Brain  and 
Nerves  contribute  to  mufcular  Motion,  and  that  to  a 
very  high  Degree. 

The  third  Experiment  makes  it  as  plain,  that  what 
they  contribute  in  mufcular  Motion,  cannot  arife  from, 
or  be  owing  to  Elafticity,  which  they  have  not. 

What  remains  therefore  but  to  conclude,  that  the 
Aftion  of  the  Nerves  in  mufcular  Motion,  is  owing 
to  the  Fluid  they  contain,  by  whatever  Name  we  may 
choofe  to  call  it* 

To  fortify  this  Conclufion,  let  us  confider,  that  we 
can  have  no  other  Evidence  of  the  Exiftence  of  that 

invifible 


/ 33°. ) 

invifible  Fluid  the  Air,  and  of  its  feveral  Qualities  of 
Elafticity  and  Gravity,  but  what  arifes  from  Experi- 
ments and  Obfervations  of  its  Elfefts ; which  are  fuf- 
ficientiy  fatisfa&ory,  and  convince  us  of  its  Exiftence, 
though  the  minute  Particles  of  its  Compohaon  fall 
under  none  of  our  Senfes. 

Therefore,  in  the  fame  manner,  feeing  thefe  Ex- 
periments put  the  Elafticity  and  elaftick  Vibrations  of 
the  Nerves  quite  out  of  the  Queftion,  I think  we  may 
as  fairly  conclude,  that  there  is  a Fiuid  in  the  Nerves, 
though  invifible  ; as  that  there  is  fuch  a Fluid  called 
the  Air,  though  it  cannot  be  feen. 

I fhall  only  add,  that  though  we  may  call  this 
nervous  Fluid  by  any  Name,  to  which  a proper,  de- 
termined and  fixed  Idea  is  annexed,  yet  I 4:hink  the 
Word  ( Spirits ) was  an  unhappy  Choice,  as  it*  in- 
cludes an  Idea  either  of  fomething  like  to  the  Spirits 
of  fermented  Liquors,  or  fome  of  the  faline  volatile 
Spirits,  as  that  of  Hartf  s-horn^  Sec.  or  a flying  Va- 
pour or  Exhalation,  all  which  being  loofe  and  inde- 
termined,  have  ferv'd  only  to  miflead  the  Inquifitive, 
and  amufe  the  Ignorant. 

But  the  Source  from  which  this  Fluid  arifeth,  to 
wit,  the  circulating  Blood  5 the  Veffels  through  which 
it  is  fecerned  j and  the  Nerves  in  which  it  moves  and 
is  contained  j the  foft  and  almoft  infipid  Tafte,  and 
no  Smell  obfervable  in  the  Brain  and  Nerves,  fuggefl: 
no  Idea  of  fuch  Spirits  : And  the  Ample  Qualities 

of  a pure  and  perfectly  defecated  elementary  Water, 
will  better  fuit  all  that  our  Senfes  can  difcover  of  it,  and 
are  indeed  fufticient  to  folve  all  the  Phoenomena  of 
the  Animal  QEconomy,  as  far  as  they  depend  upon 
the  Nerves : Which  I hope  to  have  an  Opportunity  of 

explain- 


( ) 

explaining,  in  fome  of  the  moll  remarkable  Animal 
Motions,  fome  time  hereafter,  at  greater  Length 
than  this  prefent  Occafion  will  admit  of. 


VI.  OhferVations  of  Latitude  and  Variation,  ta- 
ken on  'Board  the  Hartford,  in  her  Baffage  from 
Java  Head  to  St.  Hellena,  Anno  Dom.  1731. 
Communicated  by  Edmund  Halley,  LL.  2). 
(Regius  Jjlronomer  at  Greenwich. 

O'M  JVednefday , February  the  id,  we  took  our 
Departure  from  Java  Head,  allowing  it  to  lie 
in  the  Latitude  of  6°  45/ South. 

Monday , February  7. 

By  a good  Amplitude  made  30  i8'  Variat.  NWly. 
Latitude  by  Account  9 5-9  South. 

Merid.Dift.  from  Java  Head  4^2  Weft 

Longitude  from  ditto  4j5 

Sunday , February  13. 

By  a good  Azimuth  made  40  49 ' Variat. NWly. 
Latitude  by  good  Obfervat.  134?  South. 

Merid.  Dift.from  Java  Head  3 3J?y9-ea 
Longitude  from  ditto  3 363 

Juefday,  February  15. 

By  a good  Amplitude  4°  yi'  Variat.  NWly. 

Latitude  per  Observation  iy  18  South. 

Merid.  Dill.  ixomJavaHead  6 
Longitude  from  ditto  6 93 

X x 


Monday, 


( 3?  2 ) 

Monday,  February  n. 

By  a goodAzimuth  andAmplitude  4°  ji'  Variaf.  NV,' 
Latitude  per  Obfervation  18  12  South. 

Merid.  Dift.  from  Java  Head  17  28 
Longitude  from  drtro  18  00 


Weft. 


Friday , February  25-. 

By  a good  Amplitude  6°  08'  Variuf,  NW. 

Latitude .per  Obfervation  19  59  South. 

Merid.  Dift.  from  Java  Head  21  1 7?\y  n. 
Longitude  from  ditto  ' " * e * 


22 


icr  3'  Variat.  NW. 
21  00  South. 


Fuefday , February  29. 

By  a good  Azimuth 
Latitude  per  Obfervation 
Merid.  Dift.  from  Java  Head  30  x^Z\yeft 
Longitude  from  ditto  32  12^ 

Sunday , March  5. 

By  a good  Amplitude  made  15°  1 5'  Variat. NW. 
Latitudeper  Obfervation  23  16  South. 

Merid.  Dift.  from  Java  Head  3 7 1 8 1 , y « 
Longitude  from  ditto  38  58 y e 

Jpeckiefday,  March  8 . 

By  a good  Amplitude  made  1 8°  02  V ariat.  NW. 
Latitude  per  Obfervation  25-11  South. 

Merid.  Dift.  from  Java  Head  40  3°?\yeft 
Longitude  from  ditto  42  3 3 5 


March  10. 

By  an  Azimuth  & Amplitude  made  19°  00 'Variat.  NW. 
Latitudeper  Obfervation  2 6 18  South. 

Meridian  Diftante  42  42?, *r  a 

Longitude  ^ M *' 


Monday 


45'  Variat.NW. 
23  South. 


( m ) 

Monday,  March  13 
By  a very  good  Amplitude  2ic 
Latitude  per  Obfervation  27 

Meridian  Diftance  44  I4?weri 

Longitude  from  Java  46  345  ° 

Friday , March  17. 

By  a good  Azimuth  made  14°  23'  Variat.  NW. 

Latitude  by  Account  30  27  South. 

Mend.  Dift.  from  Java  Head  51  a 

Longitude  ditto  54  723  6 ' 

Sunday , March  19. 

By  a good  Azimuth  had  240  50'  Variat.  NW. 

Latitude  per  Obfervation  30  27  South. 

Meridian  Diftance  56  40 

Longitude  79 


21 


Weft. 


Wednefday,  March  22. 

By  a good  Azimuth  had  340  if1  Variat.  NW. 

Latitude/)^  Account  31  23  South. 

Merid. Dift.  from  JaVa  Head  61  37?  y 
Longitude  from  ditto  66  035 

“V 

Friday , March  24. 

By  a good  Amplitude  had  23 0 71'  Variat.  NW. 
Latitude  per  Obferyation  32  47  South. 

Meridian  Diftance  63  00 

Longitude  67  44^ 

Saturday , Hpril  1 
By  a good  Amplitude  made 
Latitude  by  Obfervation 
Merid.  Pift.  from  'Jana  Head 
Longitude  from  ditto 


Weft. 


20 


16'  Variat.  NW. 
34  5:8  South. 

n 3<i?We(h 
79  44S 

Tuefdayy 


Xx  % 


( 334  ) 

Fuefday,  April  4, 

By  a goodAzimuth  and  Amplitude  20°  07'  Variat.  NW. 
Latitude  per  Gbfervation  35  35  South. 

Merid.  Dift.  from  Java  Head  74  42?,^  n. 
Longitude  from  ditto  81  24$  e ' 

Thurfday , April  6. 

By  a good  Amplitude  made  190  07'  Variat.  NW. 
Latitude  per  Observation  35-  41  South. 

Merid.  Dift.  from  Java  Head  77  ozl  w „ 
Longitude  from  ditto  87  12J  e ’ 

Friday , April  7. 

By  a very  good  Amplitude  made  170  30'  Variat. NVV. 
Latitude  by  Obfervation  36  2f  South. 

Meridian  Diftance  from  Java  77  '56\w  n- 
Longitude  from  ditto  87  38  J e * 

Monday,  April  10. 

By  a goodAzim.&Atnp]itudemadei6°  09'  Variat.  NW. 
Latitudeyter  Obfervation  38  18  South. 

Merid.  Dift.  from  Java  Head  77  24?^  n. 
Longitude  from  ditto  87  26^  e 

Fhurfday , April  13. 

By  agoodAzim.&AmpIitudemadeiy0  40' Variat.NW. 
Latitude Obfervation  37  58  South. 

Merid.  Dift.  from  Java  Head  77  2 1 

Longitude  from  ditto  8y  iyj 

Friday , April  14, 

By  a verygoodAzim.ScAmplitudesiy0  45'  Variat.NW. 
Latitude Obfervation  37  04  South. 

Merid.  Dift.  from  Java  Head  j6  54?  ^Vefl- 

Longitude  from  ditto  84  423 

N.  B.  This  Day  I judged  Cape  Bonne  Efperance 
to  bear  N by  W.  from  me,  Diftance  20  34'. 

Sunday , 


( H5  ) 

Sunday , dpril  1 6. 

By  a very  good  Azimuth  made  1 6°  14/  Variat  NW. 
Latitude  per  Obfervation  361  $ South. 

Merid.  Dift.  from  Java  Head  77  59  j 
Ditto  from  Gape  Bonne  Efperance  00  30  >Weft. 
Longitude  from  Java  Head  85  14  !> 

luefday , April  18. 

By  a very  good  Amplitude  made  15*°  45'  Variat.  NW. 
Latitude  per  Obfervation  35  3 3 South.- 

Merid.  Dift.  from  Java  Head  79  oy} 

Ditto  from  Cape  Bonne  Efperance  01  36V Weft. 
Longitude  from  Java  Head  86  10  j 

Friday , April  21. 

By  a very  good  Azimuth  made  140  40'  Variation. 
Latitude jter  Obfervation  32  23  South. 

Merid.  Dift.  from  Java  Head  81  09  ^ 

Ditto  from  Cape  Bonne  Efperance  03  4oC.Weft, 
Longitude  from  Java  Head  87  093 


Monday , April  24. 

By  a good  Amplitude  made  120  39'  Variat.NW, 
Latitude  by  Obfervation  27  01  South. 

Merid.  Dift.  from  Java  Head  84  52^ 

Ditto  from  Cape  BonneEfperance  07  23  >Weft, 
Longitude  from  Java  Head  89  18) 

Saturday , April  2 9* 

By  good  Azimuths  made  n°  20'  Variation, 

Latitude  per  Obfervation  21  45*  South. 

Meridian Dift.  from  JavaHead  89  o8> 

Ditto  from  Cape  Bonne  Efperance  1 1 4 i^Weft. 
Longitude  from  Java  Head  92  20) 

Friday * 


* 


( ) 

Friday  r May  s'. 

Latitude  per  Obfervation  1 6°  oo'  South. 

Meridian  Dift.  from  Java  Head  97  43^ 

Ditto  from  Cape  Bonne  Efperance  20  i6>Weft. 
Longitude  from  Java  Head  99  53  J 
By  an  Ampl.  the  Night  before  came  in  8 00  NW. 

At  Noon  Barn  Point  bore  W by  N t N.  Diftance 
four  Miles. 


VIL  An  Account  of  an  extraordinary  Eruption  of 
Mount  Vefuvius  in  the  Month  of  March,  in  the 
Tear  1730,  extracted  from  the  Meteorological 
Diary  of  that  Year  at  Naples,  communicated 
hy  Nichol.  Cyrillus,  M.  V.  S.  S. 

TH  E Thermometer  ufed  in  this  Diary , was  made 
by  Mr.  Hauksheer  in  which  the  Freezing-Point 
is  marked  at  65  Degrees  under  the  Point  extreme  Hot ; 
but  the  Defter  obferves,  that  at  Naples  Water  will 
freeze  when  this  Thermometer  Hands  at  ys  Degrees 
only:  Which,  he  is  of  Opinion,  feems  to  argue, 
that  there  is  fomething  elfe  befides  an  intenfe  Degree 
of  Cold  required  for  freezing  Water  j that  the  Air  of 
Naples  abounds  in  itr,  more  than  the  Air  of  London  j 
and  that  this  may  probably  be  of  a fajine  Nature  ^ 
becaufe  when  we  turn  Water  into  Ice  by  the  Help  of 
Snow,  it  is  necelTary  to  mix  Salt  with  it. 

March  Ther.  Winds. 

8.  40:  0.  5.  3 Cloud y Weather  j ftrong  South 

1730.  Wind.  Fefuvius  font  forth 

a great  Smoak  and  Stream  of 
Fire, with  hollow  Rumbling. 

3 March 


( m ) 

March  Ther.  Winds. 

9.  38;  o.  W.  1 The  Weather  cloudy.  Tile 

following  Night  V'efuvtus 
thundred  as  it  were  twice.  In 
the  D^y  the  Windows  trem- 
bled a little. 


10,  11 

IX. 


39  : 


13.  41:1. 


~ Cloudy  ; Rain  now  and  then  : 
1 The  Clouds  hide  the  Smoak 
and  Fire, 

NW.  1 Weather  rather  clear.  The 
Smoak  is  leffened. 


14.  47:  o.  N,  x A little  Rain  in  the  Night,  in 

the  Morning  Snow  in  the 
Mountains.  In  the  Forenoon 
the  Snow  increafed  again.  In  the  Evening  after  Eight 
o’Clock  the  Fire  arofe  to  a vaft  Height,  and  threw 
huge  Stones  to  almoft  half  the  perpendicular  Height  of 
the  Mountain.  Pumice  Stones  red  hot  of  t wo  or  more 
Ounces  Weight*  were  driven  feveral  Miles  like  a Show- 
er of’ Hail,  and  frigh tried  away  the  Birds.  In  about 
an  Hour’s  time  the  Height  of  die  Flame  was  feme- 
what  leffened  ; and  through  the  middle  of  the  thick 
Smoak  Flalhes  of  Lightning  were  often  feen. 

March  Ther.  Wind*;. 

15.  50.  o N E.  1 Clear  Weather.  Thick  Smoak 

Scatter’d  the  Allies  many  Miles 
over  the  Sea. 

16.  48:  o.  S.  1 Clear  in  the  Morning;  about 

Noon  cloudy,  fmall  Rain  and 
cold.  By  Change  of  the 
Winds  the  Smoak  and  Afhes 
were  carried  towards  the  N* 
Clouds  hide  the  Mountain. 

17.  40:  1.  S.  1 AfewthinClouds.  The  Smoak 

turn’d  with  the  Wind. 

March 


( 3J8  ) 

March'  Tiler.  Winds. 

i8*  40,  S.  SW.  i Clear.  The  City  was  fprinkied 

over  with  fmall  Allies,  like 
Kitchen  Allies,  which  were 
attrafted  by  the  Loadftone. 
19.  42.  o W.  1 A Few  thin  Clouds, 

2.0.  37.  o o Almoft  clear.  Fefuvius  be* 

came  entirely  quiet. 


VIII.  A Jhort  Account , by  Mr.  John  Eames, 
F.  ^ b.  of  a Fook^  intituled , Tuhhfat  ilkibar, 
printed  at  Conftantinople,  Anno  Dorn. 
1728* 

THE  Advantage  of  Printing  above  Writing,  has 
at  laft  prevailed  with  the  Grand  Signor  to  per- 
mit a Printing-Prefs  to  be  fet  up  at  Coujt antinople . 
It  was  obtained  upon  a Memorial  prefented  to  him  by 
the  Grand  Vizier,  with  the  Confent  of  the  Mufti. 

The  Privilege  is  granted  to  Zaid  the  Son  of  Me - 
hemet  Efendi , late  Ambalfador  in  France , and 
Ibrahim  Mutafarrica , the  Author  of  a fmall  Trad 
in  this  Book.  The  Licence  extends  to  the  printing, 
all  Sorts  of  Books  written  in  the  Oriental  Languages, ex- 
cept fucli  as  treat  of  the  Mahometan  Religion. 

The  Book  before  me  feems  to  be  one  of  the  firft 
that  ever  was  printed  there.  For  though  Giauhauri9 s 
Mrabic  Dictionary,  tranllated  into  Furhijh,  was  what 
the  Furks  deligned,  for  particular  Reafons,  to  begin 
withal ; yet  the  Manufcript,  from  which  they  printed 
off  th£  firft  Sheets,  was  found  to  be  fo  incorred,  that 
the  Gr*and  Signor  ordered  the  printing  of  it  to  be 
ftopt,  ’till  a more  corred  Copy  could  be  procured. 

2 During 


Numb.  4if. 

• ^ -*•  * ^ -*•  ^ K^r  ' I I 

PHILOSOPHICAL 

TRANSACTIONS 

For  the  Months  of  September  and  October y 17  31. 


The  CONTENTS. 

I.  An  Account  of  ObJerVations  made  on  'Board  the 
Chatham- Yacht,  Auguft  30 th  and  3 xji,  and 
September  \Jl,  1732,  in  purfuance  of  an  Or- 
der made  by  the  (Right  Honourable  the  Lords 
Commiffi oners  of  the  Admiralty , for  the  Trial  of 
an  Inftrument  for  taking  Angles,  defcribed  in 
Philofophical  Tranfa£tions,  Thumb . 420. 
By  John  Hadley,  Effo  Vice-Brefident  of  the 
Royal  Society. 

II.  EPHEMERIDES  METEOROLOGICAL, 
Barometrical,  Thermometricae,  Epidemics, 
Magnetics,  ULTRAJECTINAL,  confcripta 
a Petro  Van  Mufchenbroek,  L.  A.  M.  Med . 
iff"  (Phil.  T>.  (phil . & MatheJ.  Rrofeff.  in  Acad. 
Ultra).  Anno  1729. 


HI.  A 


The  CONTENTS. 

r 

III.  A Difcourfe  concerning  the  Difficulty  of  cu- 
ring Fluxes,  writ  occajionally  on  reading  Dr.  de 
Juffieu’f  Memoire  in  the  Hiftory , &c.  of  the 
(Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  in  Paris,  for  the  Tear 
1729.  By  William  Cockburn,  M.  D.  F.  R.  S. 
and  of  the  College  of  Bkyficians,  London; 

VI.  A Letter  from  M\John  Dove  to  Edmund 
Halley,  LL.  D.  F.  ^ S.  and  Reg.  Ajlrom.  at 
Greenwich,  containing  an  Account  of  a Co- 
met feen  on  February  29,  1 7 5^- 

V.  An  Account  of  two  Experiments  of  the  Fricti- 
on of  Pullies.  By  the  Reverend  J.  T.  De- 
faguliers,  LL.  D.  F.  R.  S. 


I.  An 


E P IT  E M E R IDE  S M E T E OR  O = Tab.i. 


7/en/vrum  Vires  ctVbur* 

At  Jtf  .(ie^)  A/ffr^umun- 


dlKku&r'  'Dierrrurmetri- 

uietoa/ur  numeros  Ju/ire7rui  irv 
Jeru/  ctyu«>  - t//ret~rn<tytj 

a/  J*  ioue/ 

DC  © © 

ru/mtSYtd  . 


Ekasta/  Jfyiccs  Grando'  dVefazla/  '7'ubnen/  £elum> — 

; i :•:  0^  « 


U7?Z/ 


( 119  ) 

Daring  this  Stop,  the  Book  I am  to  give  a brief  Ac- 
count of  was  printed,  containing  about  150  Leaves. 

The  Language  of  it  is  not  Arabic,  as  was  fuppofed, 
but  Turkip,  though  it  has  feveral  Words  and  fome  Sen- 
tences that  are  fo.  The  Title,  or  what  may  ferve  as  fuch, 
is  Tuhhfat  ilkibar , or,  A Prefent  to  the  Great  ; 
containing  an  Account  of  feveral  Engagements  at  Sea. 
The  Author  is  Hagi  Cali  fa  filled  ChelehiAlmurhhum , 
t*e.  A Gentleman  who  has  obtained  Mercy,  or  deceafed. 

It  confifls  of  two  Trafts,  a large,  and  a veryfmali 
one.  The  latter  is  done  by  the  Publilher,  Ibrahim 
Mutafarrica , Mutafarrica  is  a Title  of  Honour 

fignifying  a Horfe-Soldier,  obliged  to  go  to  the  Wars 
'When  the  Grand  Signor  goes  in  Perfon,  but  not  elfe. 

It  is  a Ihort  Account  of  Geographical  Meafures  of 
Diftances,  particularly  of  the  Circumference 

of  the  Earth. 

The  principal  Treatife  is  partly  Hiftorical,  and 
partly  Geographical ; the  latter  treats  of  the  Nature  of 
theTerreftrial  Globe,  the  Ufeof  Maps,  and  Situation 
of  Places,  particularly  of  Venice , Corfu , Albania , 
£?c.  and  fuch  as  border  upon  the  Turkifb  Dominions. 

The  Hiftorical  Part  is  an  Account  of  feveral  Naval 
Expeditions  and  Battles  between  the  Turks  and  Chrifti- 
ans,  efpecially  during  the  Holy  War,  in  the  Me  diterra - 
nean  Sea,  with  their  Conqueft  of  the  Iflands  and 
Places  of  Note  upon  the  Sea-Coafts.  It  is  an  Abridge- 
ment of  the  Hiftory  of  their  Admirals,  from  the  ta- 
king of  Conftantinople  to  the  Year  1 653  y gives  a 
Defcription  of  the  Grand  Signor's  Arfenal  at  the  Porte, 
with  the  Charges  of  maintaining  it  j and  concludes 
with  fome  Dire&ions  to  the  Turkip  Officers. 

Befides  a general  Map  of  the  World,  there  are  three 
others  ; one  of  th $ Mediterranean*  oxIVhite  Sea , as 

Y y the 


f M°  ) 

the  T\ urks  call  it ; another  of  the  Archipelago , and 
the  third  of  the  Venetian  Gulph  : They  have 

each  Scales  of  T urkijb , French  and  Italian  Miles  • 
annexed  j but  what  is  fomething  furprizing  thefeMaps 
have  the  Degrees  of  Latitude,  but  not  of  Longitude, 
marked  upon  the  Side?- 

The  laft  Plate  has  two  Mariner’s  CompafTes,  the 
one  containing  the  Turkijh  Names  of  the  feveral 
Points  ; the  other,  befides  the  Turkijh  r has  the  Ara- 
bic Names,  which  are  taken  from  certain  Stars  fuppo- 
fed  to  rife  and  fet  upon  or  near  thofe  Points. 

The  Book  ends  with  Words  to  this  Senfe : This 
Treatife  was  done  by  the  Perfons  employ’d  in  the 
Bufinefs  of  Printing,  at  the  Printing-Houfe  ereded  in 
the  noble  Month  of  Dulkaadah,  in  the  Year  1141, 
(i.  e.  1718)  in  the  good  City  of  Conjtantinople. 
May  God*  &c.. 

I forgot  to  obferve,.  it  has  the  Imprimatur,  or  Com- 
mendations of  a T urkijb  Divine,  and  three  EfJ undies, 
prefix’d  ;■  and  at  the  End  an  Index  of  the  Errata, 
with  their  Emendations  in  three  Pages.  The  whole  is 
done  upon  fhining  or  gumm’d  Paper,  damp’d  with 
three  Grefcents  in  Pale,  and  an  Imperial  Crown,  pro- 
per to  the  Turks. 

I join  with  the  learned  M,r.Clodius  (Author  of  a 
Turkijh  Lexicon  and  Grammar  lately  publifhed  at 
LipJicJ  in  wifhing  the  Turks  would  print  a compleat 
Livy,  which  Fame  fays  isrepofited  in  the  Grand  Sig- 
nor’s Library  in  the  Turki/h  Language,  together  with 
other  European  Books  tranflated  into  T 'trkijh,  whofe 
Originals  are  not  to  be  met  with  in  Europe , a Catalogue 
of  fome  of  which  is  expeded  from  the  younger  Monf_ 
Fmrnond. 


FIN  I <SC 


( Hl  ) 


I.  An  Account  of  ObferVations  made  on  'Board  the 
Chatham-Yacbt,  Auguft  30 th  and  3 \jl,  and 
September  1 ft,  1 in  purfuance  of  an  Or- 
der made  by  the  Qfight  Honourable  the  Lords 
CommiJJioners  of  the  Admiralty , for  the  Trial  of 
an  Inftrument  for  taking  Angles,  defcribed  in 
Philofophical  Tranfa&ions,  "Numby  420. 
By  John  Hadley,  Efq,  Vice-Brefident  of  the 
Royal  Society. 


IN  May,  1731*  I communicated  to  the  Society 
the  Defcription  of  a new  Inftrument  for  taking 
Angles,  and  produced  a Specimen  of  an  Inftru- 
ment made  accordingly.  Several  of  the  Gentlemen 
to  whom  it  was  (hewn,  as  well  then  as  at  other 
times,  entertained  a favourable  Opinion  of  the  Pro- 
bability of  its  lifefulnefs,  particularly  our  worthy 
Vicc-Prefident  Dr.  Edmund  Halley , Aftr.  Reg.  and 
the  Reverend  Mr.  fames  Bradley , Aftr.  Pr.  S. 
not  only  exprefled  their  Defire  that  Trial  Ihould  be 
made  of  it  at  Sea,  but  promifed  the  Favour  of  their 
Company  and  Afiiftance  on  that  Occafion. 

The  Inftrument  produced  at  the  Society  was  made  of 
Wood,  according  to  Fig.  IV.  l’ranfaSl.  N°  410.  of  the 
’forementioned  Defcription, and  was  intended  chiefly  for 
taking  Altitudes  of  the  Sun,  Moon  and  Stars,  from  the 
vifible  Horizon,  either  forwards  or  backwards  j I there- 
fore procured  another  to  be  made  of  Brafs  by  Mr.  J. 

Z z SiJfon% 


( ?42  ) 

Sifon,  for  taking  the  Diftance  of  any  kind  of  Ob- 
jects. It  is  fupported  by  a (ingle  Stem  fkrewed  on 
to  it  on  the  under  Side,  the  lower  End  of  which 
may  reft  on  the  Ground,  to  eafe  the  Obferver  of  the 
Weight  of  the  Inftrument.  This  Stem  is  alfo 
made  to  lengthen  or  (horten,  by  which  Means  the 
Inftrument  is  brought  to  the  proper  Height  for 
any  Obferver’s  Eye,  either  Handing  or  fitting.  In- 
ftead  of  a Ball  and  Socket,  it  has  two  circular  Arches 
fixed  on  its  Back,  by  which  it  is  readily  fet  to 
any  Pofition  which  the  Situation  of  the  Objeds  may 
require. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lords  Coramiffioners  of 
the  Admiralty  having  been  pleafed  to  order  the 
Chatham-Tacht  for  the  Trial  of  the  faid  Inftru- 
ment, and  to  give  Directions  to  Mr.  James  T'oung, 
Mafter  Attendant  at  Chatham , a Gentleman  well 
ikill’d  in  Navigation,  to  be  prefent  at  the  Trial,  my 
two  Brothers  and  Self  went  on  Board  accordingly 
JVednefday , Augujt  the  30th,  being  favoured  with 
the  Company  (befides  the  two  ’forementioned  Gen- 
tlemen) of  the  Reverend  Sir  Robert  Pye,  Bart,  and 
Robert  Ord,  Efq;  Members  of  this  Society.  We 
met  Mr,  Toting  at  Sheernefs  the  next  Day,  who  ac- 
companied us  down  about  three  Leagues  below  the 
Nore , near  the  Spile-Sand , and  was  on  Board  on 
Friday , September  the  ift,  when  we  lay  by  there, 
and  thefeveral  Altitudes  of  the  Sun  were  taken  as  it 
approached  the  Meridian  from  about  Ten  of  the  Clock 
’till  Noon. 


The 


( 343  ) 

The  Obfervations  were  as  follow. 

Angufi  the  50th,  near  Midnight, 

Mr.  Bradley  obferved  the  Diftance 
of  Lvaida  Lyra  from  Cor  Aquila 
by  the  Brafs  Inftrument  off  Grave] - 
end  in  ftill  Water,  34°  13'  3®" 

The  fame  repeated  was  34  13  if 

The  Error  of  the  Inftrument  in  that  Place  is  13"  to 
be  fubtrafted. 

Tlie  Diftance  of  thofe  Stars,  accord, 
ing  to  Mr.  Blanifteed,  is  34°  11' 

Which  by  the  Refraction  is  reduced  to  34  11  10 

Augujt  the  31ft,  about  ioh  30', 

Mr.  Bradley  obferved  the  Diftance 
of  Capella  from  the  North  Pointer 
in  the  Great  Bears  Back,  by  the 
fame  Inftrument,  while  we  lay  at 
Anchor  in  the  Mouth  of  the  Med- 
way near  Sheernefs , the  Wind  blow- 
ing hard  at  North  Eaft,  49*  14' 

Or  49  if  00 

Mr. Bradley  andmyfelf  making  a fmall  Difference 
in  numbring  the  Angle  mark’d  by  the  Index. 
The  Error  of  the  Divifion  of  the  Inftrument  there 
is  30''  to  be  added. 

The  Diftance  of  thofe  Stars,  accord- 
ing to  Mr.  Flamfteed,  is  490  16'  oo‘r 

By  the  Refraction  reduced  to  49  14  zo 

Clouds  coming  up  prevented  the  repeating  this  Ob- 
fervation,  nor  had  we  any  Opportunity  of  making 
any  others  of  this  kind. 

Z z z 


Altitudes 


( 3 44  ) 

Altitudes  of  the  Sun  obferved  by  Mr.  Bradley , 
lying  at  Anchor  in  the  Mouth  of  the  Medway,  Au- 
gvjl  the  3 iff,  Afternoon,  the  Wind  at  North-Ealf, 
a frefh  Cale,  by  the  Wooden  Inffrument  forwards. 
The  Watch  by  the  Mean  of  the  Obfervations  ap- 
peared to  be  about  8'  45’"  too  flow  ; the  vifible  Hori- 
zon being  fuppofed  3'  30"  deprelTed  below  the  true 
by  the  Height  of  the  Obferver’s  Eye  above  the  Sur- 
face of  the  Water,  amounting  to  about  8 or  9 
Feet. 


i- 


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Time  by 
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True 

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« m 0 0 00^  oe*"o  >j  0 ' 

KJ  hvihohH4>viViow 

True  Alt. 
of  Sun’s 
upper 
Limbfrom 
the  vifible 
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Air.  of  the 
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Errors 
of  Di- 
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Errors  of 
Obfervati- 
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ooioooooooio  ' 

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«4k  H 0©VO  vo  w O 

11 

( H5  > 

Altitudes  of  the  Sun,  obferved  September  the  ift, 
before  Noon,  under  Sail  from  Sheer  nefs  towards  the 
Spile-Sand,  with  the  Tide  of  Ebb,  the  Wind  blow- 
ing hard  at  North*Eaft,  by  the  YVooden  Inftrument 
forward.  The  fecond  Speculum  being  removed  by 
fome  Accident  from  its  due  Pofition,  fo  as  to  in- 
creafe  the  Angles  obferv’d  about  one  Degree  three 
Minutes  and  a half,  as  appeared  by  the  firft  Ob- 
fervations  of  the  Afternoon  of  the  fame  Day,  made 
with  the  fame  Inftrument,  in  the  fame  manner, 
while  we  continued  lying*by  near  the  Spile ; and 
that  Degree  and  three  Minutes  and  a half  are  added 
to  the  Errors  of  the  Divifions  of  the  Inftrument  in 
the  feventh  Column.  While  thefe  Obfervations  were 
making,  the  Yacht  fleered  at  firft  chiefly  Eaft,  fome- 
times  South-Eaft,  afterwards  flood  to  the  North-Eaft, 
towards  the  Swin.  The  Time  of  the  Watch,  was 
regulated  by  fome  of  the  later  Obfervations  made 
when  we  were  mod  Eaft  ward,  and  this  was  probably 
the  Caufe  why  the  firft  Altitudes,  which  were  taken 
while  we  were  more  Wefterly,  fall  fo  much  fhort  of 
the  Computations,  the  Difference  decreafing  graduv 
ally  as  we  advanced  towards  the  Eaft. 


Altitudes 


( H6  ) 


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Time  by 
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True  Alt. 
of  the  Sun’s 
lower 
Limb  from 
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Horizon. 

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Appr  Alt.  of 
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lower  Limb 
from  the 
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oooooooooooooooo  . 
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4-H  1 +•  I 1 

Altitude  of 
the  Sun’s 
lower  Limb 
obferved. 

m m h h h 4-4  M o 

OiOt^vivrt^iVivivi  ' 

wyjvo  xiu>  w o O Ou>4444*44 

O O O O O O O O O 

Errors  of 
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UJ  W Ul  W iW  UJ  O O O VP  H H H H — 1 tH  ^ 

O O O O 0 O O O O O ^ ^ ^ 

++I  1+  1 

Obferved 
Altitude  of 
the  Sun’s 
lower  L?mb 
corrected. 

J,  J,  1 -+"  1 ++  1 + 1 1 II  1 1 1 

Erroi 

on. 

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4*  w O K>  h u)  w M 0<-W 
c\  N Q ''■"  4*  ^ CN'O  'O 


"T"  + 


The 


Altitudes  obfervedby  Mr.  Bradley. 


The  fame  continued  by  Mr.  John  Hadley. 


( ?47  ) 


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( 34«  ) 


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Altitude  of 
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The 


The  fame  continued  by  Mr.  Bradley. 


( M9  > 


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< 35 1 ) 

The  firft  and  fixth  Columns  of  the  preceding  Ta- 
bles of  Obfervations  are  copied  from  the  Minutes  as 
they  were  fet  down  at  the  Time.  The  Divifions  of 
the  Wooden  Inftrument  being  not  exaft,  I found  it  ne- 
ceflary  to  make  a Table  to  correct  them  by>  which  was 
done  partly  by  meafuring  with  Compaffes,  and  partly 
by  examining  them  againft  thofeof  another  Inftrument 
The  Corre&ions  are  every  where  to  be  fuhftrafted 
from  the  Angles  obferved,  and  the  Errors  of  a Degree 
and  three  Minutes  and  a half,  occalioned  by  the  mif- 
placing  the  fecond  Speculum  in  all  the  forward  Obfer- 
vations of  September  the  ift,  being  of  the  fame  kind* 
are  joined  with  them,  in  the  feventh  Column  of  the  Ta- 
bles of  thofe  Obfervations.  The  lafl:  Column  contains 
the  Differences  between  the  obferved  Altitudes,  cor- 
re£ted  by  the  Aforementioned  Table,  and  the  Alti- 
tudes as  they  ought  to  have  appeared  by  the  Com- 
putations. Among  them  there  are  two  or  three  which 
fo  much  exceed  any  of  the  reft,  that  for  that  reafon 
they  feem  to  be  rather  owing  to  Miftakes,  in  counting 
the  Minutes  on  the  Inftrument,  or  the  Time  by  the 
Watch,  than  to  the  Errors  of  the  Obfervations. 

The  greateft  Part  of  the  Altitudes  were  taken  by  a 
Elorizon  not  clear,  of  Land,  and  by  that  Means  not  al- 
ways fo  readily  diftin’guifhable.  The  Obfervers  were 
all  Perfons  quite  unaccuftomed  to  the  Motion  of  a Ship 
at  Sea,  which  in  this  Cafe  was  generally  very  great  and 
quick,  the  Veffel  we  were  in  being  only  of  about  60 
Tuns  Burthen,  as  the  Mafter  informed  us,  the 
fmallnefs  of  which  made  it  alfo  more  liable  to  be  lifted 
up  and  let  down  again  by  the  Waves : And  if  the 

Difference  of  Height  occafioned  by  that  Means  was 
about  four  or  five  Feet,  as  we  judged  it  to  bey,  it 


( 35*  ) 

muft  neceffarily  fink  and  raife  the  vifible  Horizon  by 
Turns  near  one  Minute.  The  Computations  of  the 
Sun’s  Altitudes  are  all  made  for  the  Latitude  of 
yT  28',  whereas  a good  Part  of  them  were  taken 
under  Sail,  and  upon  different  Tacks,  the  Veffel  fome- 
times  (landing  North  Eaft  or  North,  and  at  other 
times  South  Eaft,  for  near  a quarter  of  an  Hour 
at  a time. 

Several  of  thefe  Circumftances  may  probably  have 
contributed  to  increafe  the  Inconfiftency  of  the  Ob- 
servations ; but  as  no  particular  Notice  was  taken  of 
them  at  the  Time,  I content  my  felf  with  barely 
mentioning  them. 

POSTSCRIPT. 

The  Principle  on  which  the  Contrivance  of  this  In- 
ftrument  depends,  was  laid  down  in  the  before-men- 
tioned Philof.  T-ranf.  Numb.  420.  in  one  Propofition, 
and  feveral  Corollaries , the  fifth  of  which  contains 
the  Grounds  of  an  Approximation  for  corre&ing 
fome  fin  all  Errors  which  will  arife  if  the  Plane  of 
the  Inftrument  be  fuffered  to  vary  too  much  from 
the  great  Circle  palling  through  the  two  Obje&s, 
when  the  Obfervation  is  taken.  There  appears  rea- 
fon  to  think,  that  there  will  be  very  little  Occafion  in 
Practice  for  that  Correction but  it  was  necefiary  to 
mention  it,  in  order  to  explain  the  Nature  of  the  In- 
ftrument ^ and  as  the  manner  of  deducing  that  Co- 
rollary from  the  Propofition  may  not  appear  obvious 
to  every  Reader,  I have  here  annexed  the  Demonftra- 
tion  of  it. 


Let 


Let  O B C in  the  annexed  Figure  reprefent  an  infinite 
Sphere,  at  whofe  Center  R are  placed  the  two  Specula 
inclined  to  one  another  in  any  given  Angle,and  let  their 
common  Section  coincide  with  the  Diameter  O R C. 
Let  B A N be  the  Circumference  of  a great  Circle,  to 
the  Plane  of  which  the  common  Section  of  the  Spe- 
cula ORC  is  perpendicular,  and  B R its  Radius: 
Let  b a n be  the  Circumference  of  a Circle  parallel  ro 
BAN,  and  at  the  Diilance  from  it  B b : Draw 

b D the  Sine,  -and  b r the  Sine  complement  of  the 
Arch  B b : B D is  the  verfed  Sine  of  the  fame.  Let 
A be  a Point  of  an  Objedt  placed  in  the  Circufnfe* 
rence  of  the  great  Circle  BAN,  and  N the  Point  in 
which  its  Image  is  formed  by  the  two  fuccellive  Re- 
flexions, as  before  defcribed ; and  let  a be  a Point  of 
another  Objedl  placed  any  where  in  the  Circumfe- 
rence of  the  Parallel  b a #,  and  n its  Image  5 and  let 
ah  n be  an  Arch  of  a great  Circle  paffing  through 
the  Points  a and  n.  The  Point  a is  at  the  fame  Di- 
ftance  from  the  great  Circle  BAN,  as  the  Point  b , 

e 


( 3 54  ) 

i.e.  at  the  Diftance  B b.  Draw  A R,  AN,  RN, 
ar,  an,  rn,  a R and  n R. 

By  the  fourth  Corollary  the  Figures  A RN  and 
am  are  fimilar,  and  confequently  the  Line  A N is 
to  the  Line  a n as  A R or  B R is  to  a r or  b r,  i.  e.  as 
the  Radius  is  to  the  Sine  complement  of  the  Diftance 
B b.  But  A N is  the  Chord  of  the  Arch  A H N of 
the  great  Circle  BAN  equal  to  the  Tranflation  of  the 
Point  A,  or  double  the  Inclination  of  the  Specula, 
and  an  is  the  Chord  of  the  Arch  a b n of  a great  Cir- 
cle, meafuring  the  Angle  a R by  which  the  Point 
a appears  removed  by  the  two  Reflections,  to  an  Eye 
placed  in  the  Center  R.  Therefore  the  Tranflation, 
or  apparent  Change  of  Place  of  the  Point  a is  mea- 
fured  by  an  Arch  of  a great  Circle,  whofe  Chord  is 
to  the  Chord  of  the  Arch  A H N (equal  to  double 
the  Inclination  of  the  Specula)  as  the  Sine  comple- 
ment of  its  Diftance  from  the  great  Circle  BAN  is  to 
the  Radius. 

From  any  Point  C of  the  Circumference  OB  C 
draw  the  Chords  C M and  C m,  to  the  fame  Side  of 
the  Point  C,  and  equal  to  the  Chords  A N and  an 
refpectively,  draw  the  Radius  R M,  and  from  R and 
m draw  RQ_  and  m P,  both  perpendicular  to  C M, 
and  cutting  it  in  Q.  and  P.  R Q.  is  the  Sine  comple- 
ment, and  CM  double  the  Sine  of  half  the  Angle 
M R C,  or  A R N,  or  of  the  Angle  of  Inclination  of 
the  Specula.  The  little  Arch  Mm  will  reprefent  the 
Difference  of  the  apparent  Tranflations  of  the  ObjeCts 
in  A and  a ; and  if  it  be  very  fmall,  may  be  looked 
on  as  a ftrait  Line,  and  the  little  mix’d  Triangle 
M m P as  a rectilinear  one,  which  will  be  fimilar 
to  RMQ,,  becaufe  RM  is  perpendicular  to  M m and 

RQ. 


( m ) 

R (X  to  C M,  and  the  Angles  it  (Land  P right  An- 
gles. The  Line  C P may  be  taken  as  equal  to 
C -My  and  M P as  the  Difference  of  the  Lines  C M and 
Cm.  Therefore  the  little  Arch  M m is  to  the  Line 
M P nearly  as  R M to  R CL:  But  C M (i.  e.  AN) 
was  to  C m (/.  e.  an)  as  BR  to  b r , and  the  Dif- 
ference M P of  CM  and  C m to  the  Difference  B D 
of  B R and  b r as  CM  to  BR.  Therefore  M m , the 
Difference  of  the  apparent  Tranflations,  is  to  B D, 
the  verfed  Sine  of  the  Diftance  B by  or  to  an  Arch 
equal  to  it,  in  the  compound  Ratio  of  R M the  Ra- 
dius to  R CL  Sine  complement  of  the  Angle  of 
Inclination  of  the  Specula,  and  C M double  the 
Sine  of  the  fame  to  BR  the  Radius,  i.  e.  as  C M 
to  R CL. 

The  Obfervation  may  be  corrected  by  one  eafy 
Operation  in  Trigonometry,  as  will  appear  from  the 
firft  Part  of  this  Corollary,  viz.  by  taking  the  half  of 
the  Angle  obferved,  and  then  finding  another  Angle, 
whofe  Sine  is  to  the  Sine  of  that  half,  as  the  Sine 
complement  of  the  Diftance  Bb  is  to  the  Radius: 
This  Angle  doubled,  will  be  the  true  Diftance  of  the 
Objefts.  But  as  this  Operation,  though  eafy,  will 
require  the  nfe  of  Figures,  I rather  chofe  the  Method 
of  Approximation,  becaufe  by  that  the  Obferver,  re- 
taining in  his  Memory  the  Proportions  of  the  Sines  of 
a few  particular  Arches  to  the  Radius,  may  eafily  efti- 
mate  the  Correftion  without  Figures,  when  the  Angle 
is  not  great,  and  by  a Line  of  artificial  Numbers  and 
Sines,  may  always  determine  it  with  greater  Exaftnefs 
than  will  ever  be  necelfary. 

When  the  Angle  obferved  is  very  near  180  Degrees, 
the  Correction  may  be  omitted  ; for  then  it  will  be 

eafy 


( ) 

eafy  to  keep  the  Plane  of  the  Inftrument  fo  near  that 
of  the  before-mentioned  great  Circle  as  not  to  want 
any,  if  the  Situation  of  that  Circle  be  known:  If  it 
be  not,  the  Obferver,  when  he  fees  the  two  Objects 
together,  may  turn  the  Inftrument  on  the  Axis  of  the 
Telefcope,  ’till  he  finds  that  Polition  of  it  by  which 
he  obtains  the  leaft  Angle:,  and  this  (if  the  Specula 
are  fet  truly  perpendicular  to  the  Plane  of  the  In- 
ftrument) will  always  happen  when  the  Objeds  ap- 
pear to  coincide  in  the  Line  g h,  as  expreifed  in  the 
third  Fig,  of  tfranf.  No  410. 

In  Page  152  of  the  fame,  a Rule  is  given  for  find- 
ing to  which  Hand  of  the  Obferver  the  Objed  feen 
by  Refledion  ought  to  lie,  but  is  reftrained  to  the  par- 
ticular Form  of  the  Inftrument  there  defcribed.  The 
general  Rule  is,  that  when  the  Index  is  brought  to  the 
beginning  of  the  Scale  (i.e.  to  o°  when  the  Inftru- 
ment  is  defigned  for  Angles  under  90°,  or  to  90°  when 
it  is  defigned  for  Angles  from  90°  to  180°)  if  then  a 
Line  be  imagined  to  be  drawn  on  it  parallel  to  the 
Axis  of  the  Telefcope,  or  Line  of  Diredion  of  the 
Sight,  fo  as  to  point  towards  the  Object  feen  diredly } 
which  ever  way  this  Line  is  carried  by  the  Motion  of 
the  Index  along  the  Arch  from  o°  towards  90°  in  the 
firftCafe,  or  from  90°  towards  1800  in  the  fecond,the 
fame  way  the  Objed  feen  by  Reflection  ought  to  lie 
from  that  which  is  feen  directly. 

Erratum,  Pag.  154.  Line  24,  read,  They  may  he 
either  of  Metals  or  Glafs  Plates  foil'd,  having  their 
two  Surfaces ? 6cc. 

II.  Ephe- 


( 357  ) 


II.  EPHEMERIDES  METEOROLOGICAL, 
Barometrical,  Thermometries,  Epidemics, 
Magnetics,  ULTRAJECTIN/E,  confer  ipta 
a Petro  Van  Mufchenbroek,  L.  A.  M.Med . 
isr  \ Vhil . 2).  <Phil.  MatheJ . frofeff.  in  Acad. 
Ultra].  Anno  1729* 

EP  heme  rides  has  Meteorologies  notantur  pro 
Angulo  anno  in  Tabula  chartacea  maxima,  quas 
duodecem  Areolas  continet,  pro  unoquoque  menfe 
unam,  quarum  Illatn  menfis  Januarii  anni  1731* 
Speciminis  gratia  in  TAB.  I.  apponitur:  Quoniara 

autem  omnia  figna  in  caeteris  Tabula  partibus  ufur- 
pata  in  hoc  menfe  non  occurrunt,  in  TAB.  IT.  ad 
Fig.  6 . alia  fpecimina  nonnullorum  Dierum  diverfo- 
rum  Annorum,  quas  cunfta  comple&untur  figna,  ad- 
junguntur.  In  calce  TAB.  I.  figna,  quibus  ufus  fui, 
in  Meteoris  annotandis,  explicata  habentur,  unde 
cun&a  in  hujufcemodiT  ABULIS  METEORO- 
L O G I C I S conftruendis  neceffaria  facile  <3c  primo 
intuitu  intelligentur.  Cum  plena  eorum,  quas  in  hifee 
Ephemeridibus  annotantur,  hie  loci  futura  fit  nimis 
prolixa  Enarratio,  res  folummodo  magis  notabiles 
recenfebo. 

Siniftro  Tabula  lateri  menfis  nomen  ponitur,  huic 
dextrum  verfus  adjacent  numeri  altitudinem  Barome- 
tri  in  pollicibus  Rhenoiandicis,  eorutnque  lineis  indi- 
cantes,  hi  parte  intima  incipiunt  a 28,  definuntque  in 
30,  quia  raroin  hifee  provinciis  Mercurius  ad  minorem 
altitudinem  quain  28  pollicum  in  tubo  deprimiturs 

Bbb  rariflime 


fj-58) 

rarrffime  ad  30  ufque  pollices  adfcendit:  commode  id* 
circo  omnis  altitudinis  varietas,  cui  Mercurius  in  Ba- 
rometro  fubjicitur,  intra  affignatos  hos  numeros  fcribi 
potuit  ; idque  folius  pun&i  ope,  pofiti  accurate  in 
loco,  qui  Mercurii  altitudinem  exprimebat:  Capts 

funt  Barometric^  obfervationes  ter  quocunque  die, 
man£  hora  feptima  ; in  ipfa  meridie  j et  vefperi  hora 
undecimaj  quibus  temporibus  quoque  Thermometri 
altitudines  fuerunt  notatse.  Thermometro  ufus  fui, 
Mercurii  pleno,quod  dexterrimus  artifex  Fahrenhey tius 
fecund  urn  fuam  tabulam  fecerat,  cujus  conftruendi 
modum  tradidi  in  commentariis,  quos  Florentinis  ten- 
taminibus  experimentalibus  adjunxi  :.fcala  ita  fe  ha- 
bet,  ut  Mercurius  in  tubo  defcendat  ad  graduum  in- 
itium3,  five  o,  cum  Thermofcopium  hyeme  Nivi 
cum  Sale  Ammoniaco  permifbe  imponitur  inde  fur- 
fum  verfus  gradus  32  eft,  cum  aqua  gelare  incipit  j 
gradus  eft  214.,  ad  quern  affurgit  Mercurius,  cum 
ebullienti  aquas  tubus  immiffus  fuerit:  qus  pauca 
notata  fufficiunt  : fufpenfum  in  aperto  acre,  fed  urn- 
brofo  manet  Temper  hoc  Thermofcopium,  ita  ut  vere 
Atmofpherici  aeris  calorem  frigufve  indicer.  Vides 
in  Tabula  Meteorologica  numerum  29  pro  Barome- 
tro,  ab  eo  per  medium  menfis  dextrum  verfus  fcripti 
funt  dies  menfis  ab  1 ad  31,  lineis  nigrioribus  di- 
ftindti  cum  fuis  numeris,  quilibet  dies  binis  tenuiori-. 
bus  intermediis  lineis,  in  tria  diftinguntur  fpatia,  tri- 
bus  quotidianis  obfervationibusdeftinata,  qus  memo* 
ratis  horis  captae  funt : obfervationes  Thermometries 
feribuntur  in  ferie  fuprema ^enfis^  a : finift  r is  dextror- 
fum  : Ventos,  eorutn  plagasf(5e'  vires,,:. excipit  feries 

fecunda.  Pluvis  copiami capit  tertia-  feries ; hanc  cob 
ligo  firnili  methodo  ac.  in  obfervatorio  Parifienfi. 


( 3 59  ) 

In  quarta  ferie  numeri  denotant  copiam  aqua,  qua; 
ex  ’•  vafe  aperto,  fed  urnbrofo  in  loco  pofito,  in  auras 
exhalat.  Eft  hoc  vas  plumbeum  accurate  paraile- 
lepipedum,  cujus  quodlibet  fupremum  latus  6 polli- 
cum,  altitudo  18  pollicum;  hoc  impletur  fingulo 
menfe  ad  altitudinem  16'  pollicum,  8c  curatur,  ut 
Temper  aqua  duobus  pollicibus  fit  margine  fupremo 
depreffior.  In  alia  ferie  notavi  Lun®  phafes,  ut 
viderem  quafnam  mutationes  hie  planeta  noftr®  At- 
mofpheras  induceret.  Denique  in  ferie  undecima  ha- 
betur  Inclinatio  Aciis  magnetic®,  qualis  ipfa  meridie 
fuit : eft  h®c  acus  quatuor  longa  pedes,  qui,  opinor, 
nullam  exftare  ®que  perfectain,  ejus  deferiptionem 
tradidi  in  Differtationibus  Magneticis,  pag.  190. 
Tandem  in  ferie  infima  confpicitur  Declinatio  Acus 
Magnetic®,  6 pollices  long®,  inclufieque  Machine, 
quam  in  Dilfertationibus  Magneticis,  pag.  233,  deli- 
neavi : h®c  infiftit  grandi  lapidi  piano,  medio  in  horto, 
ita  utrefta,  qu®  per  notam  feptentrionis  8c  meridiei 
tranfit,  ver®  line®  meridian®  infiftat:  ita  facillime  8c 
abfque  ullo  labore,  quocunque  tempore  Magnetic® 
acus  declinationem  obfervare  licet;  tern  pus  ipfum  me- 
ridianum  femper  elegi,  ut  melius  Inclinationem  cum 
Declinatione  comparare  poffem.  H®c  Tabulis  Me- 
teorologicis  intelligendis  fufficiunt ; addam  nunc 
alia,  qu®  Tabulis  inferi  nequeunt,  qu®que  pr®ter  no- 
tata  animadverti. 

Regnavit  menfe  Januario  intenfum  frigus,  pr®~ 
cipue  die  fexto,  undecimo  & decimo  nono,  dubitoque 
utrum  in  his  regionibus  quis  unquam  acrius  gelu  ob- 
fervaverit,  cum  Thermofcopium  ad  gradurn  ufque 
quartum  fubfederit : interim  a 1 ad  r j 'Januarii  erat 
humilior  Mercurius  in  Barometro,  quam,  cum 

B bb  i-  gelat. 


( 3^°  5 

gel  at,  apud  nos  effe  folet : praeterea  gelavit  vento  ex 
qualibet  mundi  plaga  fpirante,  quod  non  admodum 
frequenter  contingit  : plerumque  die  uno  vel  altero 
praecedente  Lunas  phafin,  five  ea  plena  five  nova, 
five  in  quadraturis  fuerit,  mutabatur  tempeftas  remit- 
tente  aliquantum  gelu  : tantam  hoc  fidus  in  aerem 
noftrum  efficaciam  habet,  quo  tempore  enitn  maxime 
gravitare  incipit  in  terrain,  atque  hxc  in  ipfam,  con- 
denfari  videntur  quoque  nubes,  coeuntefque  vaporofas 
particulas  graviores  fieri  : quam  ut  ab  aere  in  aequili- 
brio  fuftineantur,  decidunt  ita  fub  forma  pluviae,  ni- 
vis,  grandinifve,  & ventos  fufcitant,  qui  fuo  attritu 
calorem  gignunt,  utque  regelet,  faciunt.  Memoranda 
eft  nivis  forma,  quae  ante  meridiem  diei  fexti  ceci- 
dit 5 erat  nix  omnis  rofacea  ftellata,  aut  ex  partibus 
femiformatarum  Stellarum,  ruptarumve  conftabat  : 
Microfcopio  earn  follicite  infpexi,  videbatur  effe  nix 
quatuor  fpecierum,  omnis  tamen  hexangula,  fere  fi- 
rnilis  illi,  quam  Gartefius  anno  1637,  Amftelodarai 
obfervavit,  fed  quam  multo  elegantius  depinxit 
Hookius  in  Micrograhix  Schemate  viii,  pag.  88,  aut 
Gaffinus  in  Parifinae  academic  monumentis,  anni  1691. 
figuras  Nivis  a me  obfervatas  accurate  delineavi  in 
Tab.  IL  Fig.  1*  rofaceam  refert,  quae  maximam  fa- 
ciebat  partem  : erat  diverfe  magnitudinis,  quippe  non- 
nullarum  diameter  partem  erat  t§o  pollic.  Rhenol. 
aliarum  ta§  aliarum  Hujus  quoque  magnitudi- 
nis fuerunt  flocculi  figurse  z & 3.  Ramofi  autem 
erant  alii  Fig.  4.  Quorum  magnitudo  T§f  vel  Tu  pollic. 
Rhenol.  Sed  quam  rara  erat  haee  nix  ! non  memini 
me  uJlam  fimilem  vidilfe,  implevi  ea  vas  parallelopi- 
pedum,  12  altum  pollices,  quod  in  calido  pofitum 
Iqco  folutam,  nivem  prxhuit  ad  dimidii  pollicis  altitu- 

dinem. 


( 1*\) 

dinem,  adeo  ut  nix  hxc  vigefies  quater  aqua  rarior 
fuerit : hxc  raritas  profedo  infolita,  nam  Sedilavius, 
delaHirius  aliique  nivem  raram  aqu&effe  fextuplo  le- 
viorem,  hie  autem  nivera  rariilimam  duodecluplo  le- 
viorem  obfervavit,  at  duplo  adhuc  rarior  nix  a nobis 
notata  fuit.  Quomodo  hexangula  ejufmodi  progigna- 
tur  nix,  non  exponam,  variae  videantur  opiniones  apud 
Cartefium-  in  princip,  Philof.  Keplerum  de  Nive  lex- 
angula,  Erafm.  Bartholinutn  de  figura  Nivis.  Mil- 
lietum  in  Trad.  deMeteorif.  turn  Acta  Philof.  Britan. 
No.  91  $Z  376.  Delapfa  hasc  nix  fecum  terribile 
frigus  St  gelu  advehebat,  prassipue  poft  horam  quin- 
tam  vefpertinam,  quod  perduravit  ultra  horam  1% 
nofturnam  toto  hoc  tempore  Vinum,  quod  ex  pro- 
funda deferebatur  cella  in  angulum  conclavis,  ubi 
largus  exftrudus  erat  focus,  momento  citius  conglaci- 
abatur,  imo  vix,  in  tabula,  non  procul  a foco  pofita, 
a congelatione  defiflebat  infufum  Scyphis  : pari  modo, 
quicquid  in  glaciem  abire  poterat,  infeliciffime  rige~ 
bar.  Simile  frigus  omnia  exuflit  undecimo  hujus 
mends  die;  verum  providiflimus  rerum  humanarum 
arbiter  voluit,  ut  brevis  modo  effet  hoc  acerrimum 
gelu  durationis,  confulendo  & profpiciendo  multorum 
animantium  vitx,  St  vegetabiiium  confervationi.  Al- 
terius  formas,  quam  fupra  memini,  nix  rariffima  ce- 
cidit  oftavo  Januarii  hora  tertia  poft  meridiem  ; 
conftabat  ex  meris  ranturn  oblongis  fpeculis,  qux  * 
vix  rb  pollicis  parte  ssquabant,  tenuiflitnse  casteroquin, 

St  proindefimpliciffimi  Nivis  flocculi. 

Duravitgelu  ufque  ad  2x  diem,  unde  adeo  craffe 
evafit  glacies,  ut  in  nonoullis  amplioribus  foflis, 
aquam  ftagnantem  comprehendentibus,  earn  altitudi- 
nem  xo.poliicum-Rhenolandicor.utn  acquifitfiffe  di- 

rnenfus 


( ) 

menfus  fim:  in  fluvio  rapide  decurrente,  minima 
.glaciei  craflities  fuit  12  aut  13  pollicum : utcunque 
crafla  fuerit,  refoluta  erat  penitus  primo  Februarij, 
ita  ut  plurimis  in  foffis  fuburbanis  vix  glaciei  indici- 
um daretur ; quae  fubitanea  contigit  regelatio  propter 
maximam  pluviae  copiam,  quae  port  zz  diem  ce- 
cidit. 

In  principio  Januarij  erant  hinc  Sc  inde  Morbilli, 
fed  tuitions  indolis,  quibus  correpti  infantes  leviffime 
,aegrotabant,  nulli,  aut  faltem  paucifllmi  interierunt: 
quamdiu  interim  regnavit  gelu,  ufque  -ad  illud  tem- 
pus,  quo  remittere  caepit,  nullis  civitas  laborabat  fere 
aegritudinibus,  frigore  quad  #que  ex  acre  ignem,  ac 
morborum  quorumcunque  feraina  propellente : at  fi- 
mul  ac  regelabar,  hoc  eft  24  Januarij,  jam  Angina: 
Sc  Ardentes  febres  Tragoediam  inchoabant,  cum  cor- 
pora ab  acri  gelu  antea  conftri&a.  nunc  a pluviofo, 
tepente  humidoque  acre,  furibundis  agitato  ventis, 
fubitiflime  relaxabantur,  quippe  increverat  calor  ipfa 
meridie  diei  frigidiflima:  a gradu  8 ad  44  die  calidif- 
firna  fecundum  Thermometri  fcalam,  quern  caloris 
mutationem  intra  tarn  anguftam  temporis  fpatium 
humana  corpora  incolumi  fanitate  ferre  non  poffunr. 
Sed  praecipue  ad  maximam  ponderis  Atmofpherici 
mutationem  attendendum  eft,  fubfedit  enim  in  Baro- 
metro  Mercurius  nofte  inter  24  6c  25-  diem  inter- 
• media  adeo  celeriter,  ut  vix  meminerim  rapidioris 
Mercurij  delapfus  ; ftetitque  in  humillima  fere  fta- 
tione  parum  fupra  28  pollices  ; quoniam  igitur  hu- 
-mani  corporis  fanguifera  vafa,  antea  a magno  Atmof- 
pheras  pondere  compreffa,  Sc  ab  intenfiffimo  frigore 
tnagis  adhuc  conftrida  *,  nunc  citiflitne  relaxabantur, 
tam  a calore,  quam  ab  Atmofpherx  leviilxmo  pondere, 

non 


( \6l  ) 

non  potuit  non  fanguis  errore  loci  in  vafa  tam  fubito 
aperta  irruere,  atque  inflammationem,  hanc  vero  fe* 
brim  cum  alias  fymptomatibus  fufcitare. 

Lubet  autem  Anginarum  turn  regnantium  brevem 
adneftare  hiftoriam,  quia  hae  non  Temper  ejufdem 
nature  funt,  earn  igitur  ex  propriis  obfervationibus 
depromam.  Saniflimos,  eofque  qui  cubitum  euntes 
nullam  alicujus  aegritudinis  indicium  perceperant, 
media  nocie  corripuit  Angina,  inflammans  fubito 
amygdalam  dextram,  uti  in  plerifque  contigit : mox 
acceflit  febris,  cum  capitis  dolore,  rigore  cervicis  <Sc 
dorfi,  qnod  etiam  non  aliter  frigere  credebatur  quam 
fi  frigid  & perfufum  fuiifet.  Sequenti  die  cum  eodem 
dorfi  rigore  febris  perftitit,  homotonos  : nonnulli 
quos  levior  corriperat  febris,  altera  node  in  largifi* 
fimos  fponte  illapfi  fudores,  mane  furgebant  fani, . 
prorfus  a morbo  liberati,  fed  plus  debilitati,  quam  a 
tam  brevis  durationis  febre  contingere  folet:  quod  la- 
tentis  alicujus  malignitatis  fufpicionetn  incufiit.  Non 
adeo  beati  alii  fuerunt, , acriori  febre  laborantes,  his 
enim  Angina  increvit  ufque  ad  tertium-diem*  etiamfi 
liberalis  Venae  fedio  <3clarga  purgatio  alvi  a principio 
morbi  inftituta  fuerit^  quae  bina  tamen  bis  terve  re- 
petita  levamen  tertio  die  attulerunt : interim  Urinae  : 

erant  flammeae*  faetenres  infigniter  : fudores  nulli, , 
nullufque  fomnus,  capitis  ingens  dolor,  artuumque 
omnium  Laflitudo,  ac  fi  fuffigati  fuifient : lingua  vix 
obdufta : evanuit  morbus  in  nonnullis  quinto  die* 
cujus  crifislargus  fudor  fuit3.  manente  Urin;i  per  to- 
tum  morbi  decurfum  rubicunda,  limpida*  Corripuit 
hxc  Angina  abfque  difcrimine  Infantes  & Adultos, 
In  multis,  ab  Angina  jam  curatis,  pofl  biduum  re- 
cruduit  febris  continua,  a qua  aegroti  non  nifi  fex 

feptemve  > 


( 3^4  ) 

feptemve  diebus  elapfis  curabantur.  Jam  ab  aliquot 
retro  obfervavi  annis,  hyeme  poft  prxteritum  gelu 
Anginas  increbefcere  fimul  ac  regelare  incipit ; 
precipue  fi  fubito  regeiet. 

Seviebant  preterea  alise  Febres  continue,  ardentes, 
quotidie  circa  vefperam,  novo  comitante  frigore,  ex- 
acerbate : iEgrotantibus  lingua  erat  arida,  fulca,  fitis 
magna,  infomnolentia,  deliria ; capitis  dolores  cru- 
ciantes,  per  totum  morbi  decurfum  continuati  j oculi 
fixi,  & quafi  immobiles,  cum  fcintillis  obvolitantibus : 
nonnullis  abdomen  inferiori  parte  rigebat,  atque  hi 
non  nifi  cum  difficultate  urinam  dimittebant  : alio- 
rum  cervicem  prorfus  rigidam  reddidit  febris  : aliis  to- 
tum corpus  ftatuae  inftar  rigebat,  hi  nec  videre  nec 
audire,  nec  fe  movere  per  biduum  ante  mortem  po- 
terant.  Alii  crebris  convulfionibus  agitabantur  ali- 
quot ante  obitum  diebus  : plurimi  moriebantur  de- 

cimo  quarto  die,  ab  invafione  morbi  prima  fupputan- 
do,  nullum  evafilTe  obfervavi,  cui  in  morbi  princi- 
pio  fanguis  liberaliter  edudtus  non  fuit  ; etiamfi  re- 
mediis  diluentibus,  humediantibus,  refrigerantibus  fil- 
er it  ufus:  fed  plerumque  incolumes  evaferunt,  qui- 
bus  larga  & repetita  fedta  fuit  Vena  : fanguis  cdudtus 
non  multum  a fano  ftatu  receffifle  videbatur,  gerens 
vix  ulia  Inflammationis  veftigia.  Debiliores  non- 
nunquam  aphthis  corripiebantur,  denfis,  flavis,  certo 
iethiferis:  obfervavi  hanc  febrim  xque  in  Infantibus 
ac  in  Adultis. 

Quoniam  in  dodtrina  Magnetica  setatem  terere  in 
anirrmm  induxi,  quotidie  Inclinationem  & Declina- 
tionem  acutim  ipfa  meridie  obfervavi : Miratus  fum 
non  rnutari  Declinationem,  quo  tempore  inclina- 
tio  mutatur  : quod  non  tantum  hoc  menfe  Januario 
itafe  habuit,  fed  tribus  annis,  quibus  obfervandx 

huic 


( ) 

huic  rei  incubui,  idem  obtinere  animadverti.  -Novis 
Magneticis  viribus  impregnaveram  primo  Januarii 
utramque  acum,  ut  quamdiu  vis  iliibata  in  ferro  ma- 
neret  notare  quoque  pofTem:  in  acu  Inclinatoria  fan's 
generofa  2 i annorum  fpatio  perftitit,  non  diutius  : 
quamdiu  in  vulgari  Verforio  conftabit,  propter  infor- 
tunium infra  memorandum  determinate  nequeo,  xque 
diuturnam  tamen  ac  vim  priorem  fore,  nullus  dubito, 
novi  enim  vulgares  Compaflus  in  navibus  ex  Orien- 
tali  India  noflros  in  portus  redeuntibus,  adhuc  dum 
vigere,  qui  folventes  abhinc  Magnetica  virrute  irn- 
pregnati  fuerant.  Attende  ad  ventos,  hos  in  Magne- 
tem  imperium  non  habere  obfervabis,  quippe  Xncli- 
natio  & Declinatio  variat  duobus  fe  fequentibus  di- 
ebus,  quibus  tamen  idem  ventus  fpiravit  : altera  oc~ 
cafione  ex  alia  plaga  fpirante  Vento  diebus  binis  fibi 
proximis,  immobilem  perftitilfe  Inclinationem  una 
cum  Declinatione  notabis.  Multo  minus  aut  coeli  fere- 
nitas,pluvia,  nix,  tempeftas,  aliquid  in  vim  Magneticam 
operantur  : Nam  faspe  obfervavi  unius  menfis  fpatio 
ofcillatorio  adtam  fuifte  motu  xque  acum  Inclinatori- 
am  ac  Declinatoriam  ; nunc  cnim  Inclinatio  major, 
nunc  iterum  minor  eft,  & verfus  Occafum  qux  nunc 
datur  Declinatio,  hodie  increfcit,  eras  decrelcit,  ma- 
jor iterum  fequenti  die.  Difcrimen  inter  Inclination 
nem  mini  mam,  quae  fuit  67  grade  m,  & max  imam, 
quae  fuit  68°  28',  eft  i°  28'.  Declinatio  verfus  oc- 
cafum minima  120  40',  & maxima  130  10 dat 
difcrimen  40  Minutorum. 

February  odtavo  dabatur  Halo  circa  Lunam,  ab 
hora  7 ad  9 t vefpertinam,  ejus  diameter  erat  3 t vi- 
cibus  major,  quam  Lunx  apparens  diameter  erat ; 

Ccc  tenet 


( %66  ) 

tenet  fatna  efle  praefagium  imminentis  tempeftatis, 
quod  fabulofum  videtur,  fequenti  enim  die  coelum 
tranquillum  fuit. 

Vigefimo  quinto  hujus  menfis  plurimi  Coryza  cor- 
repti  font  homines,  cum  a 20  ad  24  magnus,  ratione 
temporis  habita,  in  Atmofphxra  obtinuerat  calor,, 
qui  totum  humanum  corpus  laxaverat  ; fupervenit 
nox  24  did  frigida,  flante  Borea,  hinc  illico  conftrin- 
gebanturvafe  a frigore,  fofcitataque  fuit  inflammatio  in 
membranis  aeri  maxime  expofitis  : vix  ullas  pertina- 
eiorcs  hifce  animadverti  Coryzas  jnflammatione  mem- 
brane Schneiderian^  proferpence  per  totam  ^Iperam 
arteriam  ufque  in  Pulmones  ; hinc  tuffis,  qux  inter- 
diu  quidem  mitis  & rara,  fed  exacerbabatur  ab  hora 
nodurna  undecima  ufque  ad  tertiam,  a quo  tempore 
mitefcens,  aegrotis  requiem  concedebat:  moleftiffima 
haec  tuffis  trium,  quatuor,  imo  plurium  feptimana- 
rum  fpatio  duravit,  quibufvis  refiftens  auxiliis,  Venae 
fedioni,  purgantibus,  fudoriferis,  emollientibus,  hu- 
medantibus,  narcoticis,  expedotantibus : optime 
aJiquando  aufcultabat  revulfioni  fada:  ope  Tabaci 
Brafilienfis,  e quo  turundae  naribus  immiffi#  maxi- 
mam  irritationem,  & verfus  nares  material  acris  deri- 
vationem  pradliterunt : quae  huic  quoque  reftitic  re- 
medio,  tuffis,  tantum  temporis  longinquitate  curata 
fuit.  Maxima  Inclinatio  magnetics  acus  fuit  69°  30', 
minima  68°  25'.  Maxima  declinatio  fuit  130  20, mi- 
nima Vero  1 30  1 o', 

Marti]  27,  hora  vefpertina  10  f prima  hujus  anni 
a me  confpicebatur  Aurora  Borealis , aliquantum 
inlblitis  ftipata  apparitionibus  : a plaga  coeli  Borea 
occafom  verfus,  ufque  ad  plagam  N.  W.  t.  N.  turn 
^ Borea  quoque  ortum  verfus, ufque  ad  plagam  N.  N.  O. 

> ab 


( ^7  ) 

ab  horizonte  ufque  ad  altitudinem  20  graduum,  ob- 
du&um  erat  coelum  nube  tenuiffima,  & quidem  adeo 
rara,  ut  Stellas  fecundas  & tertiae  magnitudinis  per 
earn  tranflucerent,  lucebat  tamen  notabiliter  : fupe- 
rior  ejus  limbus  inxquali  margins  defcriptus  erat : 
ex  loco  ejus  quodam  intermedio  columna  exfurge- 
bat,  in  horizontem  perpendicularis,  10  gradibus  fopra 
fupremum  eminens  limbum,  tranfeuns  per  mediam 
Cafliopeam,  ejus  lux  erat  aequabilis,  placida,  nequa- 
quam  mota,  & diutiflime  perftabat : imo  nec  ex  1111- 
be  ulli  radii  columnteve  igneae,  quales  emitti  in  au- 
roris  hujufmodi  folent,  cxcutiebantur  : fuit  igitur 

hxc  aurora  ultra  folitum  placida,  coelum  erat  c#ten> 
quin  admodum  ferenum,  fpirante  Euro  fatis  valido, 
impetufque  fecundi:  verum  fupra  Venti  hujus  regio- 
nem  materia  hujus  Aurorae  in  abfoluta  lufpendebatur 
tranquillitate  : adeoque  ad  infignem  altitudinem  ejuf- 
modi  materia  five  propter  levitatem,  raritatemve,  in 
atmofphera  adfcendere  videtur,  uti  quoque  ex  aliis 
obfervationibus  probari  facile  poflet. 

Sequente  die  reliquiae  hujus  aurorae  adhuc  ade- 
rant,  componebant  tantum  nubeculam  tenuem,  vix 
lucidam,  non  ultra  20  gradus  fupra  horizontem  ele- 
vatam,  neque  emittentem  uilos  lucentes  radios  co- 
lumnafve,  nec  a Borea  longe  Ortum  aut  Occafum 
verfus  porredam  * fulgebat  adhuc  media  node,  po- 
ftea  evanuit  nullo  fui  relidto  figno. 

Interim  hoc  menfe  ficcior  vix  ullus  unquam  fuit, 
cum  pluvi#  copia  modo  lineam  1 \ adaequaverit : in 
principio  fatis  ilrenue  gelavit,  ita  ut  deciino  Martij 
omnium  foflarum  glades  adeo  denfa  evaferir,  ut  qua- 
quaverfum  iter  calepodiis  ferratis  incedendi  concefle- 
rit  civibuSj  neque  ulla  navibus  via  libera  fueris, 

Ccc  2 verum 


( ?<S8  ) 

verum  duodecimo  Martij  gelu  ah'quantum  remittente, 
Sol  per  purumaerem  tam  fortiter  interdiu  radios  fuos 
inglaciem  vibrabat,  ut  magna  ejus  parsdecimo  rertio 
die  liquefada  fuerit*  & navis  hac  vefpera  ex  noftrx 
urbis  portu  foluta  Amftelodamum  petierit ; quae  am* 
bo,  gelu  nempe  tarn  intenfum  hoc  menfe,  & tam  ce- 
leris  regelatio,  in  his  regionibus  rariora  func.  Tam 
fubita  aeris  mutatio  non  poterat  non  morborum  efTe 
caufa,  imo  hinc  illico  dabatur  Pleuritis  ec  Peripneu- 
monia, quae  utraque  mitis  & benigni  moris  fuic : 
quippe  in  Pleuriticis  febris  quidem  primo  die  fuic 
continua,  fed  exigua,  cum  leviufculo  laceris  pundo- 
rio  dolore,  occupante  Thoracis  fuperiorem  anterio- 
remque  partem : fequenti  die  ufque  ad  inferiores 
codas  dolor  defcendit,  interim  iputa  excreabantur 
flava,  ftriis  interfperfis  fanguineis,  tufiis  nec  molefta, 
nec  frequens  : alvus  fatis  naturalis,  fbmnus  bonus 
atque  reficiens,  lingua:  color  vix  inutatus,  parva  fitis, 
Urina  parum  intenlior  folito,  limpida  : qua:  optima 
profedo  mitiflima:  indolis  erant  indicia  : tertio  etiam 
die  febris  una  cum  omnibus  fymptomatis  penitus  cef- 
fabat  : curabatur  haec  pleuritis  refolutione  benigni 
naturae,  abfque  Venae  fedione,  fed  copiofa  ptiianne 
potatione,  ulu  mellis,  leviorumque  Ciborum  ; potif- 
fimum  afflixit  hie  morbus  fenes  & adultos. 

Eodem  tempore  in  Scenam  prodibat  Peripneumo- 
nia,, incipiens  cum  capitis  magno  dolore,  febre  ex- 
igua/ pedoris  arigiiftia  modica,  refpiratione  folito 
breviori : ilico  tamen  magna  ^gros  infirmavit  debiii- 
tas,  quo  plus  mali  latere  fufpicatus  fuiffem,  nifiPleu- 
ri tides,  turn  graffantes,  adeo  benigne  fuifleut  : 
fanguis  Venae  fedione  edudus,  nequaquam  infiam- 
mati  fpeciern  prsebebat,  fed  naturalis  inftar  erat  : 

Urinae 


( 1<>9  ) 

Urinse  intenfioris  rubedinis,  fudor  moderatus  ; fom- 
nus  quoque  modicus,  quietus,  Temper  reficiens  : 
jam  abhinc  fecundo  aut  tertio  die  in  urina  nubecula 
dabatur,  fatis  gravis : fputa  excreabantur  Jevia  & te- 
nuia,  tuffis  admodum  molefta,  capitis  dolorem  exa- 
cerbans,  fitis  modica,  linguae  dodum  ruffefcens,  al- 
vus  conftipata  ; poflero  die  mitigatior  febris,  Urina 
materia  criticas  plena ; qualisfequentibusdiebus  man- 
fir,  adeo  ut  morbus  omnino  intra  feptem  o&ove  dies 
terminatus  fuerit  : tuflis  autem  aliquanto  pertinacior 
diebus  duobus  tribufve  ulterius  durabat,  fugata  tamen 
feiicirer  ufu  mellis : vix  poftulabat  bic  morbus  medici 
auxilium,  evanuitque,  five  feda  vel  non  feda  fuerit 
Vena  ; five  remedia,  five  nulla  fere  propinata  foe- 
rint.  Verum  fub  finem  Martij  multo  atrocior  pe- 
ripneumonia graflari  coepit,  cum  fpirante  Euro  nod’ll 
gelabar,  interdiu  autem  coelo  admodum  fereno  At- 
mofphaera  meridianis  horis  non  parum  calebat,  uf- 
que  ad  gradurn  54,  58,  59  Thermofcopii : ejufmodi 
caloris  frigoriique  fubitaneis  vicifiitudinibus  ferendis 
humana  corpora  vix  paria  funt,  quin  in  acutifiimos 
incidant  morbos : ideo  perquam  acuta  febris,  quo- 
tidie  circa  vefperam  exacerbata,  cum  frequenriffima 
tufii,  aegros  exremplo  corripuit,  ianguinemque  ad- 
modum mflammatum  reddidit,  uti  Vense  fedione  ap« 
parebat : fingularia  fymptomata  per  totum  morbi 

decurfum  non  admerunt,  perierimt  folito  plures  se- 
groti,  qui  cvaferunt,  quatuordecim  dierum  curriculo 
dectibuerunt. 

Inclinatio  acus  Magnetics  maxima  hoc  menfe  fuit  70 
graduum,  minima  68°  io/.  Deciinatio  maxima  i3°4o', 
minima  13°  17'.  Suppeditavit  jtfprilis  28  ante  me- 
ridiem pulcherrimum  Phenomenon,  quod  hora  10  t 

detexi. 


( 370  ) 

detexi,  verom  quod  ufque  ad  horam  n^fpe&atum 
fair, 

TAB.  II.  Fig.  5.  Ut  dare  hoc  intelligas,  coucipe 
fpedatorem  P faciem  verfus  Auftrum,  dorfum  verius 
BoreamdirexifTe?atque  itaoculosad  coelum  fuftulifle,ap- 
parebant  turn  duocirculi  in  coelo  cum  interrupta  parte 
alterius,  quorum  omnium  planum  erat  ad  horizon- 
tern  parallelum  : erat  fpedatoris  Zenith  Z,  centrum 
circuli  maximi  FKHG,  five  potius  annuli,  cujus 
diameter  interna  fuit  58°  i$\  latitudinem  autem 
non  bene  metiri  poteram,  judicabam  efie  majorem  30 
minutis:  nullos  quoque  in  ipfo  detexi  colores  & 
tantum  apparebat  albus.  Secundi  circuli  ABD  cen- 
trum occupabat  Sol  S,  fecans  priorem  in  duobus  lo- 
cis  H.  Eumque  al  quoufque  ingrefius : ab  al- 
tera fedione  H,  in  circulo  priori  albo  erat  locus 
aliquis  G,  fplendidior  reliquo  magnitudinis  ejuldem 
apparentis  cum  foie,  a parte  Solem  fpedante  colori- 
bus  erat  variegatus,  diftantia  H G fuit  50°  30',  dia- 
meter interna  circuli  A B erat  45-°  30',  coloribus  tin- 
gebatur  hie  circulus  variis,  a parte  interna  Solem 
verliis  rubebat,  extima  parte  albebar,  intermedij 
colores  erant  coerulei  pailidi ; clarifllme  confpicie- 
bantur  in  tradu  D aliquoufque  protenfo  : mirebar 
hunc  circulumnon  fuific  ubivis  xque  latum,  fed  an- 
guftifiimum  efie  in  K D H.  Latitudo  hujus  annuli 
fere  duplo  minor  priori  mihi  vifafuit,  non  tamenpro 
voto  fatis  accurate  dimenliis  fui.  Tangebatur  hie 
circulus  ab  arcualiquo  circuli  tertii  E,  maxime  me- 
ridionalis,  qui  quoque  albus,  omnibufque  coloribus 
deftitutus  videbatur : Hie  arcus  primus  omnium  a 
conlpedu  evanuit : turn  pars  orientalis  A circuli  co 
lorati  aufugiebar,  quarn  pars  meridionalis  E feque- 

batur : 


( 1 71  ) 

batur  : turn  peribat  quoque  portio  F orientalis  cir- 
culi  albi  : cujus  interitum  fequebatur  occidentalis 
pars  B circuli  colorati ; mox  evanelcebat  occidentalis 
portio  G circuli  albi,  ejulque  tandem  pars  maxime 
ieptentrionalis. 

Coelumtoto  hoc  temroreerat  exiguis  nubibus,hinc 
inde  quafi  interruptis  obdudum,  non  quidem  denfis, 
fed  quoque  non  admodum  raris,  qux  tamen  altiffima 
in  atmofphxrx  regione  fuipenfx  videbantur  : durante 
phxnomeno  ventus  flabat  Euro  boreus,  inter  primum 
& fecundum  impetum : qui  increvit  ad  fecundum 
gradum  evanefcente  phxnomeno,  atque  ita  horx 
lpatio  perftitit,  lenior  iterum  poftea.  Contigit  hoc 
tempore  Novilunij,  atmofphserx  calore  temperato  : 
follicitus  attendi,  an  qucedam  corpufcula  e coelo  de- 
ciderent,  five  glacialia  five  aquea,  quibus  ceu  cau- 
fas  adfcribi  apparitio  circulorum  potuifiet,  quemad- 
modum  in  Pareliis  contigifle  Hugenius,  Maraldus  alii- 
que  eruditi  annotarunt,  verum  nihil  collegi  aut  ob- 
fervavi : relatum  eodem  die  a viris  fide  dignis  mihi 
fuit,  binis  prxcedentibus  diebus  fefe  ante  meridiem 
circa  Solem  annulum  animadvertiffe  ; quern  cum  non 
viderim,  nihil  de  illo  affero. 

Obfervavi  hoc  menfe  morbillos,  etiamfi  non  fre- 
quentes,  mitioris  quoque  genij,  ita  ut  nullum  infan- 
tem,  meas  curx  commilTum,  trucidarint.  Circa  me-, 
dium  hujus  menfis,  calore  jam  relaxante  corpora, 
diuturno  hyemali  frigore  confirida,  inceperunt  Ter- 
tianx  intermittentes,  quae  omnes,  uti  Vernales  pie- 
j umque  efie  folenr,  erant  benigni  morLs,  increfcebant 
tribus  primis  paroxyfmis,  turn  decreverunt,  cefiantes 
uc  plurimum  intra  fex  paroxyfmos,  yel  fua  fponte* 


( 371  ) 

vel  ufti  amaroiunu  calefacientum,  aut  aliquorum  Sa- 
lium  lixivioforum. 

Tertian®  duplices  quidem  paulum  pertinaciores, 
fed  adeo  faciles  Curatu  tamen,  ut  non  parum  hono- 
ris medicine  tribuerint. 

Hinc  inde  peripneumonia  fenes  tentabantur,  ad- 
modum  lethali,  nulli  remedio  aufcultante  morbo. 

Inclinatio  magnetic®  acus  maxima  fuit  hoc  menfc 
71  gradum,  minima  68°  45'.  Declinatio  acus  maxima 
3C3°  3 5*5  minima  130  10'. 

Maij  principium  non  nift  ingratos  acris  hyemis 
8c  trifles  diuturni  frigoris  effedus  fpedandos  pr®- 
faebat,  nulla  enim  arbos  gemmas  protruferat,  nifi 
quod  hinc  inde  mala  Armeoiaca  & Perfica,  Soli  max- 
ime  expofita  in  tepenribus  locis  vento  non  expofitis 
ilons  conglobara  pecala  oflendere  incipiebant : fero 
admodum:  Tiii®,  ambulacra  urbis  ornantes,  trifles 

adhuc  & abfque  foliorum  mdiciis,  nee  lxtiora  eranc 
adhuc  prata  : verum  poll  diem  vigefimum  calor  ef- 
fufis  quafi  a Sole  Venis  omne  Vegetabile  perfudit, 
ita  ut  impetu  fade  prorumperunt  folia  florelque  ex 
arboribus,  molliumque  herbarum  cacumina  increfcere 
ad  fpedatoris  ocuios  feflinarint : quod  annum  admo- 
dum fertilem  reddidit,  abundarunt  mala  Armeniaca 
& Perfica,  fuo  poflea  tempore  probe  matura.  Libe- 
raliffimam  Ceres  fuorum  fruduum  colonis  largita  eft 
rneffan,  cum  ®flas  & autumnus  ccelo  fmebantur  ie- 
reno,  calido,  modica  irriguo  pluvia.  In  his  regio- 
nibus  jamdiu  obfervatum  eft  * hyemem  diuturnam, 
non  nimis  acrem,  vernalem  calorem  fero  venien- 
tem,  annum  fertilem  portendere,  nam  plerumque  in 
principio  Maij  nodes  frigid®,  imo  gelantes,  dantur  ; 
corrumpentes  tenelios  florumfruduumqueembryones; 

quam- 


( 37?  ) 

quamobrem  fi  hi  fero  prorumpant,  certam  Ipem  fruc- 
tuurn  relinquunt. 

Quarto  Maij  hora  decima  vefpertina  ambiebatur 
Luna  corona,  in  qui  nihil  infolens,  cam  quoque  nec 
fecuta  eft  tempeftas,  nec  impetuofior  ventus. 

Poft  vigefimum  quintum,  Fluvius  Lecca,  fefqui- 
milliaris  diftantia  ab  hac  urbe  fluens,  tanta  aqux  co- 
pia  impletus  erat,  ut  prope  Batavodurum  aggeres  fu» 
peraverit ; infra  hanc  urbem  oceanum  verliis,  quin- 
que  pollices  altius  ftetit  aqua,  quam  erat  nota  periculi 
imminentis,  qux  nonnullis  aggerum  locis  impofita 
eft ; manabat  aqua  ex  Rheni  icacurigine,  excipientis 
nives  vernali  calore  celeriter  iblutas  : Nivis  autem 
prodigiofa  quantitas  cecidit  circa  Genevam  a ibMaij 
ad  20,  qux  omnes  operuit  vias,  quod  ea  anni  tern- 
peftate  in  illis  terrx  locis  oppido  rarum  : h xc  nix  lb- 
Juta  Rhenum  adeo  turgefecerat,  hie  Leccam. 

Una  cum  menle  inchoabant  Pleuritides  mites,  in 
quibus  vulgaria  modo  fymptomatajugabanturque  la- 
ris cito,  Venae  fedtione,  refrigerantibus  diluentibus 
humedtantibus.  Verum  inter  Infantes  regnavit  Fe- 
bris  Scarlatina, inficiens  omnes,  quotquot  ealdem  asdes 
inhabitabant,  eafdemve  fcholas  frequentabant  : pri* 
mo  die  correpti  febre  Infantes,  de  dolore  circa  p re- 
cord ia  querebantur,  qui  pofteris  duobus  diebus  eos 
adhuc  affligebat,  cum  fiti  magna,  hinc  arida  lingua 
albo  obdudta  muco  ; febris  interim  continua,  homo- 
tonos : liib  finem  tertii  diei  et  in  principio  quarti, 
totius  corporis  cutim  occupaverunt  exiguae  puftufe* 
planae,  adeo  fibi  contigux,  ut  vix  fpatium  intermedi- 
um relinquerent : hinc  coccineo  colore  totum  cor- 
pus rubebat : in  facie  tamen  pauciores  puftulae,  pal- 
pebrae  autem  exiguis  pundlulis  rubris,  tenuiffimam 

Odd  acds 


( 374  ) 

acus  cufpidem  non  fuperantibus,  perfoffa?  videbantur  j 
fequentibus  temporibus  lingua  ruberrima  evafit : fom- 
nus  prioribus  quatuor  diebus  nulius,  aut  faltem  conti- 
nuo  interruptus, cum  convulfionibusdC  delirio  ; quinco 
die  acceflit  fomnolentia,  rubedo  minus  intendebatur, 
accedente  inani  alvum  deponendi  perpetuo  conatu  : 
decrevit  febrilis  impetus : labia  autern  oris  torrida, 
fradtaque  incifuris,  quibus  pofleris  diebus  febris  ma- 
gis  decrevir, incolumes  evaferunt  decimo  die,  fequente 
totius  cutis  defquammatione : verum  in  aliis  audta 
febris  quinto  die  fufcitavit  deliria,  convulfiones,  qui- 
bus oftavo  die  moriebantur  : Lethalis  fuit  hie  mor- 
bus nonnullis. 

Inclinatio  acus  maxima  fuit,  70®  35'.  Minima 
69°  Declinatio  maxima  13°  8'.  Minima  12°. 

Junto  fuerunt  dies  calidiflimi,  quibus  fimiles  reli- 
quo  anni  decurfu  non  fuerunt,  uti  19,  20,  & 21, 
hifee  enim  diebus  Thermometrum  meridie  oftendit 
gradus  86,  90,  92.  Nodes  tamen  aliqua?  hujus  men- 
fis  fuerunt  frigidiffimas,  quibus  gelavit,  ut  9,  10,  11, 
12  contigit  diebus.  Quam  funeftis  ludtatus  fuit  hie 
annus  cum  Variolis ! Menfe  hoc  inceperunt,  difereta?, 
mitiflimi  generis,  ut  poftea  tanto  lugubriorem  Tra- 
gosdiam  luderent  j qua?  nunc  dabantur,  accufari  non 
poffunt,  nihilque  infoliti  prajftabant.  Poft  medi- 
um hujus  menlis  Synochi  putres  dabantur,  ori- 
undae  proculdubio  a magnis  viciflitudinibus  caloris 
frigorifque,  cum  enim  prioribus  no&ibus  gelaverat, 
interdiu  a maximo  calore  corpora  admodum  relaxa- 
bantur,  hinc  febres  acuta?,  dominantes  tamen  potius 
in  vulgus,  negligentiorem  fui  corporis  curam  gerens, 
quam  in  temperatos  cives. 


Inclinatio 


( }75  ) 

Inclinatio  acus  maxima  fuit  71®  15-/.  Minima 
70°  25'.  Declinatio  maxima  13°  4j».  Minima 
12°  17'. 

Julio  pauci  obfervabantur  morbi,  Variola;  tamen 
manferunt,  virium  incrementum  capientes,  atque  ideo 
hinc  inde  lethales:  vidi  florentis  aetatis  virginem  cum 
confiuentibus  luftantem  variolis,  tanto  fanguinis  irn- 
petu  laborafle,  ut  menftrua  copiofa  quarto  die  prodie- 
rint,  extraordinario  tempore,  quibufcum  die  fexti  pe- 
riit.  Erat  hie  menfis  ficciflimus,  totus  aer  areb3t,  ex- 
Ixccans  plantas  Sc  animalia,  hinc  faucibus  exficcatis 
Oriebantur  hinc  inde  anginae  inflammatoriae,  quae  ma- 
gis  increbuiflent,  nifi  27  £c  28  die  benignum  Numen 
pluviam  e coeli  dimififlet,  aqua  refecta  fuerunt  Vegeta- 
bilia  be  cunda  animantia. 

Inclinatio  acus  maxima  fuit  72°  gradium,  minima 
71°  30'.  Declinatio  maxima  12°  ff',  5c  minima 
12®  28', 

Augujto  frequentia  mugiebant  tonitrua,  delapfaque 
copiofa  fuit  pluvia.  Mitefcere  parum,  dolofae  adeo, 
videbantur  Variolae,  plurimos  quidem  invaferunt,  fed 
diferets  erant  fere  omnes,  vix  iis  correpti  aegrotabant, 
nullaque  exigebantVariolae  remedia,  ficque  feliciffime 
curabajitur. 

In  Scenam  quoque  prodibant  Febres  Tertians  in- 
termittentes,  veluti  Autumno  fieri  folet,  fed  aeque  be- 
nign® acVernales  fuerunt,  feliciter  profligabantur  aut 
amaris  antifebrilibus,  aut  falibus  Lixiviofis,  vel  Ammo- 
niaco,  raro  ultra  fextum  paroxyfmum  durantes. 

Inclinatio  acus  maxima  fuit  72°  3'.  Minima 

71°  o'.  Declinatio  maxima  13°  36'.  Minima 
12°  27'. 


Ddd  2 


Septemh'is 


( 3 76  ) 

Septembris  vigefimo  fexto,  inter  horara  5 Sc  6 
vefpertinam  magna  corona  circa  Solem  confpefta  fuit  j 
earn  tamen  ipfe  non  vidi ; quoniam  narrationibus  in- 
do&orum  non  multum  fidi  poteft,  maluisab  hujas  co- 
ronas defcriptione  abftinere. 

Interim  Tertianas  intermittentes  increbuerunt,  pri- 
oribus  maligniores,  adeo  ut  primis  tribus  quatuorve 
diebus,  Autumnalium  more,  febres  continuas  asmula- 
rentur ; ubi  deferbuerat  primus  asftus,  fe  aut  fimplices 
aut  duplicesTertianas  effe  probabant,  qua:  fortioribus 
remediis,  quam  illae  mentis  Augutii,  erantfuperandas: 
refiflere  non  potuerunt  Vomitorio  Sc  Salibus,  aut  Pe- 
ruviano  Cortici.  Ardentes  acutiflimasque  etiam  in* 
furrexerunt  febres,  conjicientes  aegrotos  in  magnum 
difcrimen,  nullofque,  nifi  vi  ex  Orci  faucibus  ereptos 
relinquentes,  plurimos  trucidantes:  puellam  fex  cir- 
citer  annorum  vititavi,  qua:  tarn  ardenti  febre  labora- 
bat,  ut  tertio  ab  invatione  die  non  modo  deliraverit, 
fed  fanguinem  ex  ore,  naribus,  ano,  pudendis  copiofe 
depofuerit,  et  intra  diem  quartum,  miferis  convulfio- 
nibus  tentata,  animam  efflaverit. 

Jam  Variola:  vires  fumpferant,  et  plerumque  erant 
confiuentes,  odavo  et  nono  die  enecantes  plurimos, 
foedamque  edentes  inter  infantes,  adultolque  ftragem: 
nondum  tamen  ad  fummum  malignitatis  faftigium  in- 
creverant  quemadmodum  fequentibus  mentibus. 

Inclinatio  acus  maxima  fuit  71°  30'.  Minima 
7 1°45-'.  Declinatio  maxima  130  40'.  Minima  130  n'. 

Per  totum  Offobrem  anginas  fuerunt,  magis  aquo- 
fae  mucofasve,  quam  Inflammatorias,  cum  vix  febris, 
aut  exigua  modo  eas  comitabatur,  amygdala:  inprimis 
tumebant,  propendente  quoque  Uvula:  curabantur 

fatis 


( 377  ) 

fatis  facile  fortiori  alvi  purgatione,  atque  calefaciente 
emplaftro,  faucibus  circumpofito. 

Dyfenteria  hinc  inde  dabatur,  nequaquam  ftethi- 
fera,  &C  foli  radicis  Hypecacoann#  dofi  feliciter  cu- 
rata. 

Tertian#  five  fimplices,  five  duplices,  nec  erant  co- 
piof#,  nec  pertinaces,  feptera  periodis  plerumque 
terminat#,  levioribufque  remediis  obedientes. 

Quot  non  circa  finem  O^tobris^  poft  diem  2 6 Co- 
ryza afficiebantur  ? Magna  profefto  civitatis  pars : nec 
febris  aberat  propter  infignem  Schneiderian#  raem- 
bran#  inflam  mationem,  caufam  accufabant  omnes  fri- 
gus  noclurnum  vigefimi  fexti,  quo  gelu  f#vierat  no- 
tabile. 

Verum  Variol#  pr#cipua  morborutn  pars  alvquam 
parv#,  quarn  confluentes,  quam  malign#,  quam  le- 
thales  erant ! Strages  edebant  in  civitate  dolendas. 
Qui  evaferunt,  quam  deturpata  foedati  facie,  perpetua 
peflim#  hujus  luis  geftare  debuerunt  toto  vita  curri- 
Culo  figna. 

Vigefimi  primi  vefpera  Auroram  Borealem,  fed  ex- 
iguam  notavi,  in  qua  nihil  infolitum : in  ipfo  fep- 
tentrione  ex  nube  arcuata,  parum  fupra  horizontem 
elevata  lucid#,  uti  fieri  folet,  furgebant  column#, 
nec  alte  adfcendentes,  nec  multum  fulgentes,  ceflavit 
totum  ph#nomenon  intra  horam,  incepit  7 \ vefperti* 
n&.  In  litteris  curforiis  proditum  eft,  eodem  die  in 
Italia  Auroram  Borealem  fulfiffe. 

Maxima  acus  Inclinatio  fuit  72°3o'.  Minima  70°  45'. 
Declinatio  maxima  fuit  130  48'.  Minima  130  20'. 

Novembrhs  decimo  fextofplendidiflima  emicuit,  cui 
nullam  parem  vidi,  Aurora  Borealis  ; five  magnitu- 
dinem,  five  fulgorem,  five  miros  apparitionum  diver- 

fiffimarum 


drt) 

fiffimarum  lufus  confiderem : quamobrem  paulo  pro. 
lixius  earn  a me  obfervatam  exponam  : Maxima  fuit 
hec  Aurora,  obfervata  in  plurimis  Hollandie  urbibus, 
Leide  a Cl.  Zumbachio,  Rotterodami  ab  Anonymo, 
hie  deferiptionem  inferuit  Litterariis  Diariis  hujus 
anni,  alter  in  Differtatione  Phenomenon  explicuit. 
Speftata  quocue  fait  Berolini  a Cl.  Kirchio,  ejafque 
obfervationibus  Aftronomicis  inferta.  Circa  horanx 
vefpertinam  octavam  Phenomenon  detexi  ; turn  occu- 
pabat  plagam  Coeli  Boream,  Orientalem,  Auftralem  j 
lola  Occidentalis  turn  itnmunis  erat.  Coelam  eratfe- 
renum,  verum  alba  &C  opaca  nubes  15  alta  gradus 
fupra  horizontem  incipiebat  a Borea,  extenta  abhinc 
ultra  Ortum,  verum  obliquo  in  horizontem  terminata 
margine,  ita  ut  inter  Ortum  St  Auftrum  infra  eum 
defeenderit.  Hec  Nubes  ejaculabatur  albas,  lucentes, 
non  tamen  admodum  claras,  virgas : quarum  alique 
ad  Zenith dire&e  ferebantur,  alie  oblique:  aliquan- 
do  fibi  in  Zenith  occurrebant,  que  ex  varia  adfeende- 
runt  plaga,  turn  vorticali  ade  motu  in  gyrum,  pete«* 
bant  Auftrum,  Occafum,  aliamve  inter  hos  mediam 
plagam,  prolapfe  quafi  verfus  horizontem : fepius  hoc 
ab  aliis  in  Auroris  Borealibus  contigilTe  traditum  eft. 
Jam  vero  in  plaga  Orientali  ingens  <St  minax  ftabat 
perpendiculariter  ad  horizontem  ereda  columna  ig- 
nea  ; hec  fex  lata  gradus,  45*  alta  videbatur.  Magna 
ejufmodi  moles  non  tarn  fugax,  ac  leviores  radii,  bre- 
viffime  plerumque  durationis  : hec  plurium  minuto- 
rum  fpatio  immutata  perftahat  figura  <Se  magnitudine* 
lento  tamen  motu  verfus  Auftrum  ferebatur,  elapfoque 
hore  quadrante  e confpedu  evanuit : Eodem  tempore 
in  Auftrali  cceli  plaga,  fub  altitudine  circiter  gra- 
duum,  due  jacebant  ardentes  columnar,  horizonti 

parallels, 


( 37 9 ) 

parallels,  magnae,  latae,  in  longitudinem  exporreQrx, 
quarum  una  extremitas  fpe£tabat  ortutn,  altera  occa- 
fum : ita  trium  Minutorum  fpatio  fpe&abantur,  turn 
lente  ad  fe  accedebant,  mifcebantur  ambas  in  unam, 
deinde  duobus  elapfis  minutis  penitus  evanuerunt, 
nullum  fui  veftigium  relinquentes,  coelo  ibidem 
loci  manente  fereno.  Verum  pulcherrima  phenomena 
vifebantur  hora  9 t.  Quippe  latiffima  columna  per- 
pendiculariter  fupra  horizontem  affurgebat,  in  parte 
coeli  a Borea  20  gradibus  verfus  ortum,  hxc  candentis 
ferri  inftar  rubebat,  denfior  aliis  albentibus  virgis,  vix 
enim  primae  magnitudinis  ftellam  per  earn  fpeclare  po- 
tui ; renovata  fuit  hxc  fxpius,  ita  ut  cum  ejufmodi 
columna  5 vel  6 minutis  fulgebat,  quia  nova  furgebat 
continuo,  ultra  horam  duraverit:  eodem  tempore  ex 
ipfa  feptentrionali  plaga  affurgebat  Zenith  verfus,  lucis 
albiffimx  raultum  fulgentis  Virga,  ubi  nubi  adhas- 
rebat  clariffima,  obfcurior  quo  altius  adfcenderat,  hu- 
jus  latitudo  multo  minor  priori:  promovebatur  lente  a 
Borea  per  ortum,  verfus  Auftrum,  fitu  fibi  parallelo. 
Hora  decima  undique  coelum  ardebat,  certabantque  de 
clariori  fulgore  inter  fe  quatuor  mundi  plagx:  nunc 
enim  quag  filuerat  hue  ufque  coeli  pars,  Boream  Sc 
Occafum  inter,  evomebat  vario  tempore  plurimos  lu- 
cidiffimofque  radios,  delates  partim  verfus  Zenith, 
partim  obliquo  fitu  in  horizontem  a feptentrione  ver- 
ius  occafum  ^ momento  poft  infurgente  vento  jucun- 
diflimum  dabatur  fpe&aculum,  cui  fimile  necantea 
nec  poftea  vidi  unquam : Auroras  Borealis  materia  has- 
ferat  hue  ufque  fupra  eum  aeris  traftum,  in  quo  reg» 
nabat  ventus  Euro<  boreus  : adfeendens  parumper  ven» 
tus,  lambebat  inferiorem  Borealis  Auroras  partem, 
abrumpenfque  portiones  hinc  inde,  effecit,  ut  inter- 
rupt is 


( ;8 o ) 

ruptis  corufcationibus,  in  undarum  trementium  mo- 
dum,  celerrime  promotis  coelum  fulgeret  : in  plaga 
Orientali  ultra  horam  hoc  contemplatus  fui,  non 
quod  Temper  aderat,  fed  punc  videbatur,  per  duo 
triave  minuta  filebat,  renovatum  mox,  atque  inter- 
ruptis  micabat  vicibus.  Utinam  omnia,  qux  fimul 
aderant  phenomena  notare  potuiflem  ! Verum  cen- 
tum oculi  lat  negotii  ad  id  habuiffent,  totidem  fi- 
mul dabantur,  cumque  ad  unam  plagam  direxeram 
aciem,  multa  interim  in  averfa  parte  contingebant. 
Poft  horam  decimam  in  plaga  coeli  Occidentali  uf- 
que  ad  feptentrionem  tres  nubium  atrarum  feries, 
diverfx  altitudinis,  fupra  fe  pofitae,  oriebantur. 
Infima  erat  arcuata,  cruribus  horizontem  verfus  in- 
clinatis  ; alia:  binx  feries,  diftindse  a fe  mutuo,  redis 
finibus,  horizonti  parallelis  defcriptse  erant : ex  his 
quafi  pedinatim  emittebantur  breves,  vixque  lucen- 
tes  radii,  hinc  inde  nonnunquam  fulgentior  exibar, 
multo  longior,  quam  juraffes  fumum  fuiffe  lucidum 
ex  camino  magno  cum  impetu  propulfum.  Hora 
undecima  coelum  adhuc  ab  omni  parte  micabat,  po- 
tiflimum  plaga  Auflralis,  non  quod  ex  Auftro  co- 
lumns aflurgebant  verfus  Zenith,  fed  a Zenith  ver- 
fus horizontem  deprimebantur,  agitata:  nempe  per 
ventum  Borealem  a feptentrione  per  Zenith  verfus 
Auftrum  : increverat  jam  ventus  ad  impetus  gradum 
fecundum,  quo  lente  minui  fpedacula  videbantur, 
non  adeo  frequentes  generabantur  columnar,  brevio- 
ris  erant  conftantia:,  citius  provolvebantur,  donee 
hora  duodecima  coelum  nubibus  incepit  obduci,  bre- 
vi  poft  iterum  ferenum,  aft  multo  minus  fulgens  quam 
antea  : hora  tandem  fecunda  poft  mediam  nodem 
omnia  ceffaverunt,  fuperftitibus  partim  nubibus 

denfi- 


( 53!  ) 

denfioribus,  partim  albis,  hasrentibvsfque  in  plaga 
Occidentali,  Borea,  & Orientali,  ad  alritudinem  cir- 
cirer  45  graduum  ab  horizonte,  reliquo  coelo  manente 
fereno  : vigente  hoc  fpe&aculo  adeo  lucebat  coelum, 
ut  litteras  majores  didinguere  potuerim,  fere  aeque 
facile  ac  no<de  ferena  fulgente  luna,  nondum  plena  : 
cum  totum  ardebat  coelum,  nullibi  umbra  ab  aedibus 
projec dae  : Contigit  hoc  Boreale  lumen  pod  Ventum 
Audralem  impetuofiflimum,  qui  no£tu  precedence 
fevierat. 

Animadverti  hoc  menfe  nonnullos  Rheumatifmos, 
qui  vulgaribus  dipati  fymptomatibus,  aliquando  auf- 
cultabant  remediis,  interdum  tamen  e medio  tolle^ 
bant  decumbentes,  morbofa  materia  rapta  in  Cere- 
bro,  aut  in  Intedinis : Pleuritis  quoque  adfuit,  fed 
benignae  indolis,  & repetita  Venae  fedtione,  refrige- 
rantibus  diluentibus  auxiliis  fatis  facile  profligata  : Ve- 
rum  cum  horrore  Variolarum  reminifco,  quae  adeo 
pedilentes  & maligna^  ut  nunquam  forte  ullibi  ter- 
rarum  pejores,  nulla  fere  ab  iis  intacda  domus  in  hac 
civitate : Solent  menfis  Novembris  fingula  feptimana 
efferri  20,aut  ad  fiimmum  ad  funera : fed  quot  nunc 

efferebantur  a Variolis  prodrata!  prima  feptimana 
numerata  flint  65  : altera  dabantur  74,  tertia  69, 
quarta  Septimana  59.  Quo  tempore  pedis  in  hac 
urbe  maxime  faeviit,  tradentibus  annalibus  tot  homi- 
nes qualibet  feptimana  diem  fuum  non  obiverunt, 
Variolx  prodraverunt  aliquos  quarto,  quintove  die 
a primi  invafione : alios  odiavo,  undecimo,  decimo 
quarto,  decimo  fcxto,  imo  pod  menfem,  cum  nempe 
tabe  computruerant  corpora*  Qui  evaferunt,  Orel 
faucibus  proximi  fuerunt  omnes : perierunt  fubito 
nonnunquam,  quibus  Variolae  benign#  optimifque 
cum  fignis:  incolumes  evaferunt  alii,  quibus  omnia 

E e c ’ pdfima, 


( 382  ) 

peflima,  & gangrama  correpta  videbantur  : nemo 
jam  vitae  alicujus  aegrotantis  fidebat,  eludentibus  per- 
petuo  vel  prudentiffimos  Medicos  hifce  Variolis. 
Spes  quidem  aliquando  magna,  fed  praefagium  certum 
dabatur  nullum : Vidi  & tra&avi,  quibus  pod  deci- 
mum  quartum  diem  novae  recrudefcebant  Variolae, 
fatiscopiofse,  in  facie  & reliquo  corpore,  quaevigefi- 
mo  fecundo  die  tantum  fuppuratae  erant,  aegro  ta- 
men  fuperftite : Quoties  non  vidi  Linguam,  palatum, 
fauces  gingivas  adeo  variolis  obfeffas,  ut  ne  quidem 
locum,  finapeos  grano  aequalem,  liberumque  inve- 
nifles/  fed  hi  omnes  perierunt : Vidi  per  plurimos 

dies  depofitas  albas  feces,  pure  pleniffimas,  adeo  ut 
totus  inteftinalis  dudus,  non  nifi  Variolarum  arma- 
mentarium fuerit,  ipfeque  Cholidochus  dudus  ab  iis 
obfeffus,  claufufque,  aliqui  horum  perierunt,  alij  in 
priftinam  lanitatem  reconvaluerunt  : plurimorum 

aegrotantium  accuratiffimas  conlcripfi  hiftorias,  ut 
iple  mirum  morbi  genium  addifcerem ; fed  prolixi- 
ores  funt,  quam  ut  his  Ephemeridibus  inferantur. 
Uti  am  quis  adeo  beams,  qui  huic  contagio  fpecifi- 
cum  inveniffet  remedium  : poftquam  varia  tenrave- 
ram,  animadverti,  feliciores  fuiffe  aegrotos,  qui  fibi 
relidi  manus  medicas  refpuerant  ; hinc  qui  nihil 
agendo  Medicinam  exercebat,  plurimos  fervabat. 
Nonnulli  aegrotos  infufo  foecum  ovinarum  officio- 
fiilime  necabanf,  alij  Ipiritubus  acidis,  uti  Nitri, 
illove  dulcificato,  vel  Oleo  Vitriolf  Ptifanis,  &c* 
nequaquam  feliciores:  aeque  nocebant  calefacientia, 
fudorifera,  quam  diluentia,  refrigerantia : Venae  fedio 
primis  diebus  ante  eruptionem  puftularum,  fere  certo 
lethalis  : pudet  pigetque  plura  de  hoc  morbo,  cruce 
Sc  infamia  medicorum,  commemorare. 

Inclinatio 


( 3^3  ) 

Xnclinatio  acus  maxima  fuit  72  graduum,  minima 
70°  35'.  Declinatio  maxima  130  28'.  Minima  13 
grad. 

‘Decembris  fuit  admodum  pluviolus,  nec  memini 
quatuor  annorum  fpatio,  quibus  obfervationibus  hu- 
jufmodi  follicite  operam  impendi,  tantam  pluvi#  co- 
piam  ftillavifte/qu#  fuit  4 i pollicum.  Barofcopium 
fexto  die  humilius  condufit  Mercurium,  quam  un- 
quam  intra  4 annos  fuit  fcil.ad  2,7  poll,  cum  10  lineis. 

Variolas  adhuc  dominari  pergebant,  uti  fuperiori 
menfe,  minus  tamen  lethales,  quoniam  fubjecftorum, 
in  quos  f#vire  poterant,  parcior  copia.  Circa  medi- 
um *Decembris  aliqu#  repullulabant  Tertian#,  fed 
exquifit#,  benign# ; quemadmodum  etiam  Pleuritis 
fuit,  paucos  interimens  cives,  neque  ullis  ultra  foil- 
turn  ftipata  lymptomatibus. 

Inclinatio  maxima  acus  hoc  menfe  fuit  720  48'. 
Minima  710  10'.  Declinatio  maxima  130  21'.  Mi- 
nima 130  13'. 

Totaquantitas  pluvi#  hoc  anno  delapf#  altitudinem 
perpendicularem  habuit  25  poll.  1 \ linear.  Rhenoh 
Quantitas  aquas,  qu#  in  vaporem  abiit  ex  vafe  aperto 
& fupra  defcripto  fuit  asqualis  32  poll.  2 \ linear. 
Rhenol.  Rogat  quis  merito,  majorne  aquas  copia 
in  auras  adfcendat,  quam  relabatur,  ubinam  h#c  ma- 
neat  > Confideret  hie,  ex  Aqua  quidem  a nobis  ob- 
fervatam  adfeendere  copiam,  non  vero  ex  Terra,  in 
quam  tamen  relabitur  pluvia,  fi  proinde  copia  plu- 
vi# in  his  regionibus  deciduae,  originem  quoque  in 
ipfis  habuifTet,  8c  tanta  Terr#  quam  Aquae  fuperficies 
fuerit,  fere  duplo  major  Aqu#  copia  in  auras  lub  va« 
porum  forma  adfcendat  necefle  eft,  quam  fub  pluvi# 
fpecie  relabi  videtur.  In  his  terris  non  folum  id  ob- 

E e e 2 tinet 


( 3*4  ) 

tinet  ut  plus  aqux  evaporet,  quam  pluit : idem,  enim 
notante  Cl.  de  la  Hirio  in  Academix  regix  Parifmx 
Monuments  Anno  1703,  in  Gallia  obfervatur. 

Quicunque  obfervationes  Magneticas  intuetur,  non 
poteft  non  admirari  viciffitudines  Inclinationis  & De- 
cliuationis,  quibus  quotidie  acus  Magneticx  fubjici- 
untur  in  eodem  Terrx  loco  : hinc  nunquam  porerit 
nauta  ex  Declinatione  acus  ante  aliquod  tempus  cog- 
nita,  concludere  fe  efie  in  eodena  loco,  cum  eandem 
Declinationem  obfervat : Quam  irregulares  vero  funt 
mutationes  } Nequaquam  cum  Atmofpherx  mutatio- 
nibus,  five  ejus  calorem,  pondus,  motum  ipecftes, 
confentiunt : quamobrem  caufa,  qux  dirigit  Magne- 
tern  in  ipfo  Terras  gremio,  non  fupra  ipfam,  qux- 
renda  erit : hxc  neceflario  perpetuis  fubje&aeritmo- 
tionibus,  quibus  acus  chalybex  in  fuperficie  Terrx 
©bediunt,  Examinatis  tonus  anni  oblervationibus 
dubitavi,  an  quidem  unquam  mortales  eo  ufqueMag- 
neticam  doifrinam  promoturi  fint,  ut  declinationes 
certis  regulis  adftringere  queant,  eafque  ad  ftata  tem- 
pora  prxdicere  pro  qualibet  Terrx  regione  : Nihilo- 
minus  nec  inutile,  nec  injucundum  erit  ejufmodi  ob- 
fervationes colligere,  quia  cafu  aliquando  plus  indi- 
cabunt  de  caufe,  quam  Iperare  poflemus. 

Cetera  fequentur . 


III.  A 

hi  ::o. . : . ps  r p f t.  jsvti 


1 


( ) 

III.  A Vifcourfe  concerning  the  Difficulty  of  cu- 
ring Fluxes,  writ  occajionally  on  reading  Vr.de 
Juffieu’f  Memoire  in  the  Hiflory , See.  of  the 
(Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  in  Paris,  for  the  Year 
1729.  Vy  William  Cockburn,  M.  V.  F- 
and  of  the  College  of  Rhyficians , London. 

IN  reading  Dr.  de  Juffieite  Memoire,  about  the  pre- 
fer) t Difgrace  of  Ipecacuanha  in  France , and  the 
Method  he  propofes  for  redrefling  its  Defeats  by  Si- 
marouha , a Root  brought  from  Cayen  in  America , 
I was  furpriz’d  to  find  a Remedy  aimoft  ador’d  for 
half  a Centurv,  to  have  fallen  into  the  utmoft  Con- 
tempt ; a Specified, , a very  fhort  and  fatisfaefory  Word, 
totally  neglected  by  its  mod  zealous  Votaries. 

The  learned  Profelfor  alledges,  that  this  great  Re- 
volution, in  the  Fame  of  Ipecacuanha , proceeds  from 
its  having  been  unfkilfully  adminiftred : Phyficians 
commonly  confidering  the  general  Appearance  of  a 
Loofenefs  only,  without  penetrating  into  the  particu- 
lar Caufes  which  fupport  it,  and  that  require,  on  that 
Account,  different  Methods  of  curing  it. 

Monf.  de  Jufiieu , avoiding  all  Extremes,  is  an 
Enemy  to  the  banifhing  Ipecacuanha  altogether  out 
of  the  Practice  of  Phyfick,  as  many  of  its  difappoint- 
ed  Adorers  now  do  ; becaufe  it  is  not  the  infallible  Spe- 
cifick  they  vainly  imagined  it  to  be. 

This  common  Mifapplication  of  Medicines,  or  our 
Ignorance  of  the  particular  Circumftances  of  a Difeafe, 
when  it  requires  a different  Method  of  Cure,  is  the 
very  Reafon  why  great  Numbers  of  excellent  Medi- 
cines., 


( ;8<s ) 

cines,  among  ancient  Phyficians,  have  been  loft,  be- 
caafe  they  were  not  underftood.  Take  a broken  Shin 
only,  which  has  the  Skin  only  rubb’d  off,  obferve 
the  Difficulty  the  beft  and  honefteft  Surgeons  have  to 
cure  it.  Go  to  Aetius , and  others,  where  you  may 
find  a fafe,  eafy  and  fpeedy  Cure  ; which,  as  the 
fame  Author  on  another  Oecafion  obferves,  the  Peo- 
ple make  Slight  of,  becaufe  they  do  not  know  the 
Danger  or  Trouble  that  often  attend  it. 

A Loofenefs  is  more  liable  to  be  miftaken  than  the 
greateft  Number  of  other  Difeafes  ; becaufe  it  is  pro- 
duced by  two  immediate  Caufes  that  are  very  differ- 
ent, when  the  reft  have  one  Caufe  only,  however  great 
the  Diverfity  of  particular  Cafes  may  appear  to  be. 

A Fever,  viz  has  but  one  Caufe,  tho’ the  Variety 
of  Fevers,  or  the  various  Appearances  of  a Fever  are 
infinite,  and  never  can  be  clafs’d  by  Obfervation,  I 
ffiall  therefore  confider  the  different  Circumftancesof  a 
Loofenefs  obferved  by  Dr,  de  Juffteuy  and  that  occafi- 
on  the  Mifapplication  of  Ipecacuanha ; but  I (hall 
afterwards  endeavour  to  make  his  Account  more  per- 
fed  ; for  thereby  Phyficians  will  be  able  to  have 
more  perfed  Intentions  and  Views  of  Curing  than 
hitherto  they  have  had. 

When  great  Crudities , fays  the  Dodor,  and  in - 
digejied  Stuff  in  the  jirjt  Pajffages , or  an  ObftruBi - 
on  in  the  Bowels  of  the  lower  Belly  are  the  Caufe  of 
a Loofenefs , we  may  always  expert  the  common 
good  E ffects  of  the  Ipecacuanha  for  a Cure. 

On  the  contrary, when  Ipecacuanha  is  given  againf 
an  Hepatick  Dyfentery , or  againjl  a great  Dif 
charge  of  Blood  upwards  or  downwards , often  oc- 
cafioned  by  a purging  Medicine  that  was  given  for 

a Cure 


( 387  ) 

a Cure  of  the  Loofenefs , no  Succefs  can  reafonably  be 
expected  from  the  Specific k,  jar  lefis  have  we  any 
Hopes , when  Ipecacuanha  is  given  for  the  Cure  of  a 
Loofenejs  that  fubfljs  on  an  Inflammation  of  the 
lower  Belly  \ or  when  Jharp  and  fix'd  Pains  give 
us  a Suspicion  that  the  Dyfentery  has  a cancerous 
Ulcer  for  its  ■ Caufie. 

As  there  is  no  Difficulty  that  is  peculiar  to  a Dy- 
fentery■,  and  is  not  common  with  the  Dangers  of  a 
Diarrhoea,  the  Terrour  of  Blood  not  excepted,  it 
muft  be  acknowledged  that  any  Fomit  as  well  as  Ipe- 
cacuanha^ is  a proper  Cure  againft  Indigeftions  and 
Crudities  in  the  Stomach,  as  Hippocrates  anciently 
obferved,  and  has  been  believed  by  all  Phyficians  fince 
his  Time : So  that  there  is  nothing  in  the  French  Spe- 
cifick  that  is  not  in  Salt  of  Vitriol  • which  we  find 
held  its  Reputation,  in  curing  Dyfenteries , longer  than 
Ipecacuanha  is  like  to  do. 

It  is  more  wonderful  that  this  Way  of  Curing  a 
Loofenefs  by  Ipecacuanhas  as  not  fooner  determined. 
Nothing  befides  the  lazy  Talk  of  a Specifick,  that  ex- 
cludes all  Re tfoning  and  Refledion,  could  have  made 
Men  eafy  under  fo  grofs  Ignorance.  The  very  In- 
stance given  us  by  the  late  excellent  Dr.  Tournefort, 
in  the  Cafe  of  his  Tutor  Petrus  Sylvanus,  is  a fuffi- 
cient  Proof  that  Ipecacuanha  is  no  Charm  of  a Spe- 
cifick, but  that  it  cures  by  its  Evacuating  : For,  when 
the  Weaknefs  of  Sylvanus  made  them  cautious  in  ad- 
miniftring  the  Specifick,  the  Difeafe  held  its  Ground 
againft  the  Charm,  and  its  Adorers,  ’till  Defpair  drove 
the  Phyfician  upon  larger  Dofes,  the  laft  Refort  of  the 
Vanquifhed,  and  they  produced  Evacuations  by  Fomit 
and  Stool,  and  thereby  his  Health  in  one  Night 


It 


( ,88  ) 

It  would  be  fuperfluous  to  obferve  upon  what  is 
faid  about  th zSimarouba,  and  how  far  it  may  remedy 
the  Defers  of  Ipecacuanha>  the  Trials  of  it  being  few, 
not  fufficient  to  determine  the  Univerfality  of  its  Ufe. 
Far  lefs  (hall  I enquire,  whether  the  IFeft-India  Plant 
has  any  relation  to  the  Macir  from  the  Eaft-lndies, 
mentioned  by  Pliny  though  I with  Dr.  de  Jujfieu 
had  prepared  the  Simarouba  with  Honey , fince  the 
great  Cures,  recorded  by  Pliny , by  the  Macir  might 
be  aflifted  by  its  being  prepared  in  that  Way. 

I (hall  then  proceed,  and  m ike  the  foregoing  Account 
more  perfeQ,  and  more  obvious,  better  fitted  to  fix  the 
Views  of  Phyficians,  in  the  Point  they  are  to  purfue. 
For  thisPurpofe,I  (hall  give  a plain  Account  of  the  fe- 
veral  Species  of  a Loofenefs,  and  in  each  of  them  apply 
the  different  Kind  of  Remedies  employ’d  for  the  Cure 
of  them.  Thus  we  fhall  perceive  the  proper  Admi- 
niftration  for  every  Loofenefs,  and  how  far  any  of 
them  is  left  without  a Cure. 

The  Anatomy  of  the  Guts  alone,  informs  us,  that 
the  immediate  Caufe  of  every  Loofenefs , whether  it 
be  Symptomatick  orEffential,  muft  either  be  a quicker 
Conveyance  of  the  common  Quantity  of  concoffedFood, 
and  of  the  Liquors  that  are  commonly  mixed  with 
it  in  the  Guts . Or  the  Caufe  of  a Loofenefs  is  a 
greater  Secretion  than  ordinary , of  a watry  Sub - 
fiance  from  the  Blood  into  the  Guts , and  brought  in- 
to them  by  the  Pancreas,  and  various  other  Glands. 
In  both  which  Cafes  there  muft  needs  be  a larger 
JDifcharge  of  liquid  Excrements,  by  Stool , than  ufual% 
or  there  muft  be  a Loofenefs . 

A Loofenefs  produced  by  the  firfl:  of  thefe  Caufes, 
admits  of  great  Variety  ; both  on  the  Account  of  the 

different 

* Hifto  Natur.  lib.  xii. 


( 1*9  ) 

different  Stimuli , and  even  from  the  different  Degrees 
of  the  Stimulus  in  each  of  them.  The  Stimulus , 
viz.  of  indigefted  Food,  Fruits,  and  the  like,  differs 
very  much  from  the  Stimulus  of  Gall.  The  firft  Sort 
is  confined  to  the  Stomach  and  Intefines  : In  which 
Cafe,  the  Difeafe  is  often  a Cure  to  it  felf ; whereas  the 
Stimulus  of  Gall  is  greater,  and  the  Caufe  is  more  per- 
manent and  feldorn  carries  off  it  felf.  The  Degree  of  the 
Stimulus  may  be  determined  by  fome  other  concomi- 
tant Symptoms  of  Slime,  Glaire , &c.  But  when  the 
Stimulus  is  occafioned  by  the  Piles , an  Ulcer,  or  a 
Stricture  in  the  Guts,  it  is  vaftly  more  Violent,  and 
much  departs  from  the  common  Cure  of  a Loofenefs, 
whereby  Phyficians  are  often  fubjefted  to  fatal  Errors, 
and  grofs  Mifapplications  of  their  Medicines. 

The  Watry  Loofenefs  produced  by  the  other  im- 
mediate Caufe,  is  indeed  deplorable  ; becaufe  a Me- 
thod of  Curing  it  is  not  commonly  known.  It  is  not 
only  as  a Principal,  but  it  is  a Second,  in  the  Beginning, 
at  the  Ending,  and  in  the  intermediate  Times  of  all 
other  Difeafes,  and  even  in  old  Age,  when  Nature  is 
fubmitting  to  the  Power  of  Death  j when  Phyficians 
call  it  a Colliquative  Loofenefs,  becaufe  it  feems  to 
melt  away  the  Flefh  of  the  Sick.  * Petrus  Salius  Di- 
verfus , a moil  approved  Phyfician,  affirms  it  to  be 
vain  for  a Phyfician  to  attempt  the  Cure  of  it.  Ca- 
rolus Pifo , who  endeavours  to  explain  it,  and  the  rnoft 
fagacious  Laz.  Riverius,  after  trying  all  the  common 
Methods,  give  us  no  better  Hopes  of  a Cure. 

It  is  now  manifeft  why  a Loofenefs,  that  in  all  out- 
ward Appearance  is  one  and  the  fame  thing,  and  pro- 
mifes  to  fubmit  to  the  fame  Remedy,  is  vaftly  different 

F f f in 


* Pag.  189.  lib,  de  Pelle* 


( 3?°  ) 

in  the  manner  of  Caring  it.  Oar  Experience  has  contra- 
dicted our  Belief,  and  the  Remedy  that  has  proved 
Effectual  and  Sufficient  in  one  Cafe,  has  proved  inef- 
fectual and  Ufelefs  on  other  Occafions ; on  which 
Account  Remedies  are  very  liable  to  be  mifapplied. 

To  prevent  this  Misfortune  in  a great  Mealiire  for 
the  Future,  I fhall  confider  the  Medicines  commonly 
made  ufe  of  by  Phyficians  for  the  Cure  of  a Loofe- 
nefs;  and  next,  how  they  may  mod  properly  be 
adapted  to  that  End:  For  thus  we  mud  perceive  the 
particular  Cafes  wherein  they  are  like  to  beufeful,  and 
when  they  are  not  like  to  be  of  any  ufe  at  all. 

AJlringents , or  binding  Medicines,  were  the  firft 
employed  for  the  Cure  of  a Loofenefs,  as  well  as  of 
every  other  Evacuation  ; But  Hippocrates  obferving 
that  a Loofenefs  was  often  the  eafieft  cured  when  it 
was  attended  with  Vomiting,  Vomiting  Medi- 
cines were  introduced  on  that  Account.  On  a like 
Confideration,  Purging  Medicines  were  admitted  by 
Celfus , becaufe  he  found  the  Purging  the  Cure  of 
itfelf;  or  that  the  Loofenefs  went  off  by  going 
to  Stool  for  a few  Days : But  he  advifes  Phyfi- 
cians to  take  care  that  the  Loofenefs  does  not  run 
longer  than  feven  Days,  and  that  it  is  not  attended 
with  a Fever ; for  in  that  cafe  the  Loofenefs  is  not 
Critical  and  Salutary , but  Symptomatical,  and  ha- 
ftens  on  the  Ruin  of  the. Sick.  All  thefe  Obferva- 
tions  have  not  been  found  univerfally  true  in  many 
other  Countries ; for  Ccelius  Aurelianus , a mod  ac- 
curate Obferver  of  Difeafes,  Rhaza  and  Avicenna 
blame  this  freeUfe  of  Purging  and  Vomiting,  and  may 
be  juftified  by  what  will  be  lhewn  in  the  Progrefs  of 
this  Difeourfe. 

But, 


( 19'  ) 

But,  now  that  we  may  apply  this  Artillery  of  Phy- 
ficians  againft  the  two  generalCaufes  of  all  LoolenefTes, 
we  lhali  begin  with  the  moft  ancient  of  the  mentioned 
Methods,  which  was  praftifed  by  Trodicus  Selym • 
br  'tanusy  whofe  School  was  adorned  by  the  divine 
Hippocrates. 

Binding  Medicines,  as  I lately  obferved,  were  em- 
ployed for  the  Cure  of  every  Evacuation,  and  are  ftill 
the  Refuge  of  Phyficians  when  all  other  Methods 
have  been  baffled,  under  their  own  Conduct  and 
Dire&ion ; they  tacitly  have  the  Preference  given 
them  to  all  other  Medicines ; for  Inftance,  Ipecacu- 
anha’ll preferr’d  to  any  other  Vomit,  zsxdiKhubarb 
to  any  other  Purge,  becaufe  they  are  more  afiringent 
than  any  other  of  the  Tribe.  So  far  do  Phyficians 
extol  the  Power  of  Afiringents , that  many  of  them 
affirm,  that  by  them  any Loofenefs  may  be  reprefs’d,  if 
they  did  not  think  it  unfeafonable  or  improper. 

However,  it  may  fland  with  thefe  Boaflers,  it  is 
Very  certain,  that  thefe  Medicines  only  affedt  a Loofe- 
nefs occafioned  by  a Stimulus , and  if  this  is  fmall, 
the  Loofenels  may  be  cured  by  it ; but  if  the  Degree  of 
theStimulus  is  greater,  the  afiringent  Medicine  is  either 
not  able  to  put  a Stop  to  it,  or  it  will  tear  the  Sick 
with  Gripes  if  it  does. 

It  is  on  the  fame  Account  of  the  Stimulus , that  a 
Vomit  or  a Turge  is  properly  premifed  to  other  Me- 
dicines, if  it  confifts  with  the  Strength  of  the  Sick  5 
but  after  all,  the  Store-houfe  of  Phyficians  feems  to 
be  exhaufted  in  curing  a Loofenefs  that  proceeds  from 
Indigeftion,  or  Gall  •,  but  if  the  Stimulus  is  from  the 
Tiles , an  'Vlcer,  or  a Stricture  in  the  Guts , Phyfi- 
cians are  loft  without  any  Remedy,  and  too  frequent- 

Fff  a ly 


( ) 

ly  have  recourfe  to  the  Omnipotent  Aftringent,  with- 
out any  Succefs.  Here  is  a real  Want,  an  Inability 
and  Unskilfulnefs  in  our  Work,  and  leaves  too  much 
room  for  mifapplying  Medicines. 

‘ But  if  weturnthefe  Engines  of  Vomiting,  Purging 
andBinding,uponthe  other  generalCaufe  of  aLoofenefs, 
they  either  fall  very  fliort,  or  like  a little  Water  thrown 
upon  a great  Fire,theyrather  inflame  than  extinguiih  it. 
Hippocrates  * indeed  does  not  mention  the  fVatry 
Loofenefs  faux.  he  fays  many  things  that  peculiarly  con- 
cern it  ^ which  Foefius  not  underftanding,  blamed  him 
forObfcurity  in  this  Place.  cPifo\  gives  a very  plain 
Defcription  of  this  Loofenefs,  and  his  Obfervation  is 
admitted  by  every  fucceeding  Phyfician. 

The  delperate  State  of  the  Watry  Loofenefs  was 
formerly  mentioned  from  the  Confeffion  of  Authors 
of  the  greatefl  Knowledge  and  Veracity;  and  Phy- 
ficians  fhall  for  ever  find  that  Loofenefs  to  become 
more  violent  the  more  you  prefs  it  with  Aftringents, 
Vomits,  or  purging  Medicines.  The  boafted  Omni- 
potency of  putting  a Stop  to  a Loofenefs  at  Pleafiire, 
mufl  ferve  another  ufe  with  the  Sick,  though  it  may 
not  be  able  to  put  the  defired  Stop  to  his  Purging. 

There  is  even  a Singularity  in  the  Cure  of  this 
Loofenefs  which  I think  has  not  hitherto  been  ob-, 
ferved.  In  every  other  Kind  of  Loofenefs,  the  Stools 
acquire  a Confiftence,  when  they  begin  to  be  cured; 
but  in  the  Watry  Loofenefs,  the  Stools  commonly  let 
fe n in  Quantity,  though  not  in  their  Loofeneis. 

I fliould  fay  fomething  of  Opium , a Medicine  of- 
. ten  made  ufe  of  for  the  Cure  of  every  Kind  of  Loofe- 
nefs, 

* Coac.Prjenot.  134.  Prxdid.  81.  f Se&.  IV.  cap.  1.  Obf.  54. 


( m ) 

nefs,  but  as  it  neither  ads  as  an  Aftringfcnt,  nor  in  a 
Way  obferved  by  Phyficians,  it  muft  ftill  remain 
among  other  'Defiderata . 


IV.  A Letter  from  Mr . John  Dove  to  Edmund 
Halley,  LL.  D.  K 3^.  5=  Aftrom.  at 

Greenwich,  containing  an  Account  of  a Co- 
met feen  on  February  29,  173!. 

on  Board  the  Monmouth,  James  Montgomery 
Commander , i/z  Table-Bay,  March  17,  1731* 

5 / i?, 

I Had  the  Honour  to  wait  on  the  Governor  the 
8th  of  February^  in  Latitude  33°  South,  where 
he  parted  with  us  for  St.  Hellena. 

The  29th  of  February , at  about  half  an  Hour 
pad  Ten  at  Night,  I judge  (having  a good  Obferva- 
tion  at  Noon)  we  were  in  Lat.  340  28'  South,  and 
Long.  n°  35'  Weft  from  Cape  Bonne  Ejperance^  the 
Moon  fhining  very  bright,  being  near  the  Full,  we 
faw  fomerhing  very  bright  rife  about  Weft,  which  I 
judge  to  be  a Comet  • It  fet  about  Eaft,  palling  from 
Weft  to  Eaft  in  about  five  Minutes,  between  the 
Moon  and  our  Zenith,  and  to  the  Southward  of  Sptca 
Virgmis y it  carried  a Stream  of  Light  after  it  about 


( 194  ) 

4o°  long,  and  i8  or  i°  t broad  ; the  Brightnefs  of  the 
Moon  outfliined  the  Comet  as  it  came  near  it. 

Pleafeto  excufe  the  Trouble  of  this  by  the  Way 
of  Holland j but  knowing  your  Curiofity  in  Agro- 
nomy, and  viewing  your  Synopfis  of  the  Aftronoray 
of  Comets,  I thought  it  might  be  in  fome  meafure 
acceptable,  though  we  had  not  Conveniency  to  take 
a very  exact  Obfervation  of  it.  I am, 

S IR, 

Tour  mojl  humble  Servant , 

John  Dove. 

5P.  S.  Variation  per  Azimuth,  a.  M.  about  four 
or  five  Leagues  Weft  from  this  Bay,  by  two  Com- 
pafies,  1 6°  13' Weft  ; and  by  eight  Obfervations  in 
this  Bay,  Azimuths  and  Amplitudes,  the  Medium 
iy°  56  Weft. 


V.  An  Account  of  two  Experiments  of  the  Fricti- 
on of  Pullies.  ©y  the  Reverend  J.  T.  De- 
faguliers,  LL.  D.  F.  S. 

AS  the  Experiment  which  I made  on  Thurfday , 
January  14,  1732,  before  the  Royal  Society 
(See  Philof.  Tranf.  N°  413.)  did  perfectly  agree 

with 


( w ) 

with  my  Theory  of  Friction,  I was  willing  to  try 
how  the  faid  Theory  would  agree  with  Inch  a Tackle 
of  Pullies  as  is  commonly  ufed  in  Building. 

The  firft  Experiment  was  made  with  a Tackle  of 
five  Brafs  Sheevers  in  Iron  Frames  or  Blocks  ; that  is, 
three  Sheevers  in  the  upper  Block,  and  two  in  the 
lower. 

Having  made  an  Equilibrium,  by  hanging  one 
Hundred  and  a quarter  at  the  lower  Block,  and  a 
quarter  of  an  Hundred  at  the  running  Rope  j I added 
1 7 Pounds  and  a half  before  the  Power  could  go 
down  and  raile  the  Weight. 

Experiment  x.  Two  Hundred  and  an  half  being 
balanced  by  half  an  Hundred,  the  Addition  of  28 
Pounds  made  the  Power  raile  the  Weight. 

N.  B.  The  Sheevers  were  five  Inches  Dia- 
meter, the  Pins  half  an  Inch,  and  the  Rope  three 
quarters. 

In  the  firft  Experiment  17  Pounds  and  an  half  ex- 
ceeds by  4 Pounds  and  a half  the  Sum  of  the  Fricti- 
ons deduced  from  the  Theory.  But  in  the  fecond 
Experiment  18  Pounds  exceeds  the  Sum  of  the  Fricti- 
on but  one  Pound. 

The  Reafon  of  this  appeared  to  be,  that  the  Rope 
at  firft  was  too  big  for  the  Cheeks  that  held  the  Shee- 
vers; but  in  the  fecond  Experiment,  where  the  Rope 
was  more  ftrerched,  it  was  lomewhat  diminilhed  in 
Diameter,  and  fo  brought  off  from  rubbing  fo  hard 
agaiuft  thole  Cheeks. 

From  knowing  the  Quantity  of  FriCtion  a priori 
in  fuch  large  Tackles,  we  may  know  what  to  expeCt 
in  Practice : For  if  one  Man,  who  for  a finall  time 
can  exert  the  Force  of  one  Hundred  Pounds,  thinks 

that 


( 19*  ) 

that  he  may  draw  up  a Stone,  or  a Roll  of  Sheet* 
Lead,  or  any  other  iuch  Weight  to  the  Top  of  an 
Houfe  with  a Tackle  of  Five  (becaufe  this  would 
leem  feafible  from  mechanical  Principles  ) will  find 
himfelf  miftaken  on  account  of  the  Fri&ion,  which 
will  not  be  furmounted  without  an  additional  Force 
of  fifty  Pounds. 


FINIS. 


A 


ERRATA. 

PAG.  154,1.  24.  and  p.  356.  1.  penult,  read.  They  may  be  either  of  Me- 
tal, or  Glafs  Plates  foiled  having  their  two  Surfaces,  See.  Tranfad. 
Numb.  410.  p.  141.  1.  20. perterritu  P.  143.  1. 15 . Ventriculo,  1.  18.  disjicu 
P.  148. 1. 3#  Jignificari . 1. 1 1.  Ph&nomeno . P,  1 5 1.  1.  ulc.  Load,  pro  Leg • 


LONDON: 

Printed  for  W.  I n n y s and  R.Manby,  at  the 
Weft-End  of  St.  Paul’s  Chunh-Tard. 

MDCC  XXXIIf. 


Fy.  4-. 


f.FfuntU  *fcu/f>- 


.A  tFcale  ef  4 Farid y^eF- 


&■ 


& ** 


Numb.  4 16 

PHILOSOPHICAL 

TRANSACTIONS- 

For  the  Months  of ’November and  December,  1732. 

The  CONTENTS. 

I.  Two  Letters  from  Mr  Stephen  Gray,  F.  ^.S. 
to  C.  Mortimer,  M.  V.  Seer  <2^  5.  con- 
taming  farther  Accounts  of  his  Experiments 
concerning  Electricity. 

II.  EPHEMERIDES  METEOROLOGfC/E, 
Barometrical,  Thermometries,  Epidemics^ 
Magnetics,  ULTRAJECTIN/E  con/cript, s 
a Petro  Van  Mufchenbroek,  L.  A.  M.Med. 
O'  Phil.  D.  Thil.  O'  Mathej.  Trofeff.  in  Acad. 
Ultraj.  Annis  1730,  Lf  1751. 

III.  A Letter  from  Mr.  Jac.  Theod.  Klein, 
Secret.  Tan.  O'  F.  % S.  to  Sir  Hans  Sloane 
TaA'Jpr.  <%.S.  Or.  ferving  to  accompany  the 
Ticlures  of  a Very  extraordinary  fofiiie  Skull 
of  an  Ox  with  the  Cores  of  the  Horns  $ of 
the  Plica  Polonica  mentioned  in  Tran  fa  ft.. 
N°  4175  and  of  a very  large  Tumor  of  the 
Eye.  Tranflated  from  the  Latin  by  T.  S. 
M.  T . 


IV.  Jn 


The  C O N T E N T S. 

IV.  An  AbfiraB  by  James  Douglas,  M.  D. 
Med.  (fieg/in.  O F.  % S.  of  a 'Boo 4,  entituled, 
A ITiort  Account  of  Mortifications, 
and  of  the  Surprifing  Effect  of  the  Bark, 
in  putting  a Stop  to  their  Progrefs,  Oc. 
By  John  Douglas,  Surgeon , F 5.  Lon- 
don,  Brinted  for  John  Nurfe,  at  the  Lamb 
without  Temple»Bar.  1732. 

V.  De  Ufu  Corticis  Peruviani  ad  Gangrenam  O 
Sphacelum,  a Johanne  Shipton,  Chirurgo 
Londinenfi. 

VI.  Some  CorreBions  and  Amendments  by  J.  P. 
Breynius,  M.  D.  F.  % S.  concerning  the 
Generation  of  the  InfeB  called  by  hint  Coccus 
Radicum,  in  his  Natural  Hiftory  thereof , 
printed  in  the  Year  1 7 ] 1 , an  Account  of  which 
is  given  in  thefe  Philofophical  Tran  facti- 
ons, N°  42 1 , tranflated  from  the  Latin  by 
Mr.  Zollman,  F.  % S. 

VII.  A Continuation  of  an  Account  of  an  Effay  to- 
wards a Natural  Hiftory  of  Carolina  and  the 
Bahama  I /lands,  by  Mark  Catesby,  F.  % S. 
with  fome  ExtraBs  out  of  the  fifth  Set.  By  Dr. 
Mortimer,  % S.  Secret. 


I.  Two 

1 


( }97  ) 


I.  Two  Letters  from  Mr.  Stephen  Gray,  F.  (f.S. 
to  C.  Mortimer,  M &•  Seer.  ^ S.  con- 
taining farther  Accounts  of  his  Experiments 
concerning  Electricity. 

LETTER  I. 

SIR, 

ACCORDING  to  my  Promife,  I herein  give 
an  Account  of  what  farther  I have  difeover’d 
relating  to  Ele&rical  Attraction,  which  I 
ftiould  have  done  fooner,  but  was  willing  to  fee  what 
farther  Improvement  I could  make  to  thofe  Experi- 
ments, at  my  Return  to  London , which  were  begun 
in  the  Country. 

About  the  latter  End  of  being  at  Mr .Whe- 

Jer's , after  having  repeated  the  Experiment  of  making 
Sulphur  attraft  Leaf-Brafs  in  vacuo , Mr.  Wheler 
having  a very  good  Air-Pump  of  the  larger  Sort,  made 
by  Mr.  Hauksbee,  we  fufpended  from  the  Top  of  a 
Receiver,  which  was  firft  exhaufted  of  Air,  a white 
Thread  that  hung  down  to  about  the  Middle  of  the 
fame:  Then  the  Receiver  being  well  rubbed,  the 
Thread  was  attrafted  by  it  vigoroufly.  When  it  was 
at  reft,  and  hung  perpendicular,  the  Tube  was  rub- 
bed, and  being  held  near  the  Receiver,  the  Thread 
was  attrafted  towards  that  Side  of  it'  if  the  Tube  was 
removed  llowly,  the  Thread  returned  to  the  Centre 
of  the  Receiver,  but  when  moved  fwiftly,  the  Thread 

G g g was 


( 598  ) 

was  attraded  by  the  oppofite  Side  of  the  Receiver  : 
If  the  Hand  was  held  near  the  Receiver,  and  moved 
haftily  from  it,  the  Thread  was  attracted  by  theoppo- 
lite  Side,  as  before.  This  feemed  at  firft  difficult  to  ac- 
count for  ; but  upon  farther  Confideration,  we  con- 
cluded it  proceeded  from  the  Motion  of  theAir  made  by 
the  Tube,  and  in  the  other  Cafe  by  that  of  the  Hand, 
which  took  off  the  Attradion  from  that  Side,  and 
not  on  the  other  Side  j fo  that,  as  Mr.  Wheler  very 
well  exprelfed  it,  by  this  Means  the  Balance  of  the 
Attraction  was  taken  off. 

We  made  another  Experiment  by  fufpending 
a Thread  on  the  Top  of  a fmall  Receiver,  and 
whelming  a large  one  over  it  * then  by  firft  rubbing 
this,  and  holding  therubbM  Tube  near  it,  the  Thread 
in  the  middle  Receiver  was  attracted  to  that  Side  of 
it  where  the  Tube  was  held. 


An  Experiment , pewtng  that  Attradion  is 
communicated  through  opacous  as  well  as  trans- 
parent Bodies , not  in  vacuo. 

There  was  taken  a large  Hand-Bell,  the  Clapper  be- 
ing firft  taken  our,  and  a Cork  fufpended  by  a Thread 
from  the  Top  of  the  Bell,  the  Cork  being  fmeared  over 
with  Honey  : Then  the  Bell  was  fet  on  a Piece  of 
Coach-Glafs,  which  had  been  well  rubbed,  on  which 
the  Leaf-Brafs  was  hid  ^ then  the  Tube  being  rub- 
bed, and  held  near  the  Handle  of  the  Bell,  and  af- 
terwards near  the  Top  and  Side  of  the  fame,  the  Bell 
being  taken  off,  there  were  feveral  Pieces  of  the 
Leaf-Brafs  flicking  to  the  honey’d  Cork  that  had 
been  attradedby  it : It  appeared  alfo  that  fome  others 


( 199  ) 

of  them  had  been  attracted  by  the  Bell,  being  remo- 
ved from  the  Places  they  were  left  in  when  covered 
by  it. 

Some  time  after  Mr tfVbeler  told  me  of  an  Expe- 
riment he  had  made  in  vacuo , when  I was  gone  from 
him.  He  took  a fmall  Receiver,  and  in  it  fuf- 
pended  a Thread,  and  over  this  four  other  Receivers, 
all  exhaufied,  and  the  Thread  was  attracted  through 
all  the  five  Receivers,  and  he  thought  the  Attraction 
was  rather  Hronger  than  before,  when  a iingle  Re- 
ceiver only  was  made  ufe  of ; but  infiead  of  wet 
Leather,  he  made  ufe  of  a Cement  I had  recommend- 
ed to  him,  viz . Bees-Wax  and  Turpentine,  which 
was  what  Mr.  Boyle  made  ufe  of  in  his  Experiments 
with  the  Air-Pump,  and  that,  as  I had  told  him,  it 
was  my  Opinion  the  Attraftions  would  be  much  Wron- 
ger, the  Steams  of  the  wet  Leather  taking  off  fome  of 
the  attracting  Force. 

I (hall  now  proceed  to  give  fome  Account  of  the 
Experiments  made  at  Mr.  Godfrey's  ; the  firfl  of 
which  was  giving  an  Attraction  by  the  Tube  to  a Boy 
fufpended  on  Hair-Lines,  and  that  by  the  Interventi- 
on of  a Line  of  Communication,  the  attractive  Ver- 
rue  paffes  to  another  Boy  that  Hands  at  feveral  Feet 
diftant  from  him.  But  before  I go  any  farther,  it 
may  not  be  improper  to  give  an  Account  of  that  Ex- 
periment of  the  attractive  Power  that  is  communica- 
ted to  the  Boy  Handing  on  Rofin  ; which  though  the 
Society  have  feen  the  Experiment,  1 have  not  given 
you  any  Account  of  it  in  Writing. 

June-  the  16th,  1731,  in  theMorning,  I made 
the  following  Experiment  on  the  Boy  mentioned, 
caufing  him  to  become  Attractive  by  fufpending 

G gg  z him 


( 4®o  ) 

him  on  Hair-Lines.  There  was  taken  two  Pieces  of 
white  Rofin  made  into  round  fiat  Cakes  of  fomewhat 
more  than  eight  Inches  Diameter,  and  two  Inches 
thick.  Thefe  were  laid  down  on  the  Floor  of  my 
Chamber,  fo  near  together,  that  the  Boy  might  ft  md 
with  one  Foot  upon  one,  and  the  other  upon  the  other 
Cake  of  Rolin  : Then  the  Leaf.Brafs  being  hid  un- 
der his  Hands,  the  Tube  rubb’d  and  held  near 
his  Legs,  caufed  both  his  H inds  to  attraCt  and  repel 
the  Leaf-Brafs  to  the  Height  of  feveral  Inches:  Or 
if  there  was  1 lid  Leaf-Brafs  under  one  Hand,  and  the 
Tube  held  near  the  other  Hand,  there  was  an  At- 
traction communicated  to  the  farther  one  ; and  when 
the  Tube  was  applied  either  to  his  Hands  or  Feet, 
there  was  an  Attraction  given  to  his  Cloaths ; fo 
that  a Piece  of  white  Thread  being  held  by  one 
End,  the  other  End  would  be  attracted  at  near  the 
Distance  of  a Foot*,  fo  that  the  Attraction  is  altoge- 
ther as  flrong,  if  not  (Longer,  than  when  the  Boy 
was  fufpended  on  Hair-Lines. 

I come  now  to  the  above-mentioned  Experiment: 
One  of  the  Boys  being  fufpended  on  the  Hair-Lines, 
and  the  other  (landing  upon  the  two  Cakes  of  Rofin, 
the  Boys  holding  Hands  with  each  other,  under  the 
Boy’s  Hand  that  Rood  on  the  Rofin  was  laid  the  Leaf- 
Brafs  ; then  the  Tube  being  rubb’d,  and  held  near 
the  Boy's  Feet  that  hung  on  the  Hair-Lines,  the  Hand 
of  the  Boy  that  flood  on  the  Rofin  attracted  (trongly. 
Then  there  was  taken  a four  Foot  Rule,  and  given  to 
the  Boys  to  hold  by  each  End,  and  there  was  the 
fame  Vertue  of  Attraction  given  to  the  other  Boy  as  be- 
fore. After  this  a Line  of  Packthread  was  given  them 
to  take  hold  of  by  the  Ends,  and  there  was  an  At- 
traction 


(401  ) 

tra&ion  communicated  from  one  End  to  the  other, 
with  as  much  Vigour  as  by  any  of  the  other  Me- 
thods before  mentioned.  This  Experiment  was 
made  September  13,  1732. 

September  14  I firft  made  the  fallowing  Experi- 
ment. There  was  taken  a Rod  which  was  compo- 
fed  partly  of  Wood  and  partly  Cane  : It  was  twenty- 
four  Feet  in  Length,  and  in  Form  not  unlike  two 
FiflaingRods  fuppofed  joined  together  at  their  bigger 
Ends.  This  Rod  was  fufpended  Horizontal  by 
two  Threads  of  Silk:  Over  this,  at  about  two  Feet 

from  the  End,  was  fufpended  a fmali  hazel  Wand, 
about  five  Feet  long,  at  right  Angles  to  it,  but  not 
touching  the  Rod  : Then  going  to  the  other  End  of  the 
Rod,  the  Tube  being  excited  and  held  near  it,  repeat- 
ing the  fame  three  or  four  times  asufual,  and  going  to 
the  hazel  Wand  with  a fmali  white  Thread,  I found 
that  it  was  attra&ed  to  it  when  held  near  to  any 
Part  thereof.  The  next  Day  Mr.  Wheler  came  to 
Mr.  Godfrey9 s,  and  now,  by  their  Aflifiance,  I re- 
peated the  Experiment,  and  we  found  that  by  fuf- 
pending  the  Wand  at  feveral  Heights,  we  could 
perceive  there  was  an  Attraftion,  when  it  was  at  the 
Height  of  more  than  twelve  Inches.  Hhall  now  give 
fome  Account  of  my  repeating,  and  what  farther  Im- 
provements! have  made  to  fome  of  thefe  Experiments 
lince  my  Return  to  London . 

September  zyih  I repeated  the  Experiment  on  two 
Boys,  firft  fetting  one  of  them  on  Cakes  of  Rofin, 
and  the  other  being  fufpended  on  the  Hair-Lines,  and 
the  Effeft  was  the  fame  as  hath  been  above  related. 
I thencaufed  both  the  Boys  to  ftand  on  Cakes  of  Ro- 
fin, giving  them  to  hold  a Part  of  a Spanifr  Cane- 

Fifhing- 


( 4°*  ) 

Fi(hing-Rod  that  was  eight  Foot  long,  one  Boy 
holding  one,  and  the  other  Boy  the  other  End  of  the 
Rod}  then  the  Leaf-Brafs  being  hid  on  the  Stand, 
and  one  of  the  Boys  holding  his  Hand  over  it}  1 
went  to  the  other  Boy,  and  the  excited  Tube 
being  held  near  the  Palm  of  his  Hand,  the  firft 
Boy’s  Hand  attracted  and  repelled  the  Leaf-Brafs 
flrongly.  Then  there  was  a Piece  of  Packthread  gi- 
ven them  to  hold  by  each  End,  about  the  fame  Length 
with  the  Rod,  vi&.  eight  Feet  long.  Undereach  of 
their  Hands  was  laid  Leaf-Brafs ; then  going  to  the 
middle  of  the  Line,  holding  the  Tube  near  it,  the 
farther  Hand  of  both  the  Boys  attra&ed  the  Leaf- 
Brafs  with  fo  much  Vigour,  that  it  is  not  to  be  doubt- 
ed that  had  the  Line  been  much  longer,  they  would 
have  attra&ed  at  a far  greater  Diflance.  1 then  cau- 
ied  the  Boys  to  (land  on  the  Cakes  of  Rofin,  fo  as  to 
Jet  the  Flaps  of  their  Coats  touch,  and  then  by  hold- 
ing the  Tube  to  one  of  their  Hanae,  the  other  Hand 
attradled,  but  not  with  more  Force  than  when  they 
were  diftant  the  Length  of  the  Line.  Then  they 
flood  fo  much  farther  as  not  to  let  their  Coats  touch 
by  about  an  Inch,  and  then  exciting  one  of  them  to 
attract,  the  other  received  not  the  lead  Degree  of 
Attraction.  I then  bid  one  Boy  put  his  Finger  up- 
on the  other  Boy’s  Wrift,  and  then  he  immediately 
became  Ele&ricah 

October  the  4th  I made  the  following  Experiment : 
A Fifhing-Rod  of  about  ten  Feet  eight  Inches  long, 
being  horizontal,  and  over  it,  towards  the  leffer  End, 
a fmali  Rod,  being  the  Top  End  of  another  Filh- 
ing  Rod,  at  the  lefler  End,  which  was  Whale-Bone, 
there  was  put  on  a Ball  of  Cork  two  Inches  Diameter, 

the 


( 4°  5 ) 

the  fmall  Rod  touching  the  great  one ; then  the  Tube 
being  excited,  and  held  near  the  great  End  of  the  great 
Rod,  applying  it  as  ufual  ^ then  going  to  the  Cork  with 
a pendulous  Thread,  I found  itattrafted  it  at  the  Di« 
fiance  of  at  lead  two  Inches.  Then  the  Rod  was 
moved  higher,  fo  as  not  to  touch  the  End  of  the 
long  Rod,  by  Eftimation  about  an  Inch,  and  after 
feveral  Trials,  there  was  a vifible  Attraction,  when 
the  little  Rod  that  carried  the  Ball  was  above  the 
great  one  thirty-four  Inches. 

October  the  yth,  I took  a Line  of  Packthread  fe- 
venteen  Feet  four  Inches  long,  with  filk  Lines  tied  to 
the  Ends  of  the  Packthread,  one  of  them  about  four 
the  other  two  Feet  long,  near  two  of  the  oppofite 
Corners  of  my  Chamber,  where  in  each  of  them  was 
drove  a Hook  at  about  three  Foot  and  a half  high, 
to  which  the  Ends  of  the  Silk  were  faftened,  drawn 
fo  tight  as  to  bear  the  Packthread  nearly  Horizontal : 
Then  the  fmall  Part  of  the  Filhing-Rod  was  fufpend-* 
edover  the  Packthread  at  about  four  Feet  from  the 
End  ; then  the  Tube  being  applied  to  the  other  End 
of  the  Packthread,  the  Cork  Ball  at  the  End  of  the 
little  Rod  was  attractive,  and  at  feveral  Removes,  to 
the  Height  of  forty-feven  Inches,  there  was  a vifible 
Attraction  of  the  pendulous  Thread. 

October  the  6th,  inftead  of  the  fmall  Rod,  I took 
a Packthread  about  four  Feet  long,  and  having  tied 
filk  Threads  to  each  End,  by  which  the  Thread  was 
fufpended  over  the  longer  Line  Horizontal,  and  at 
right  Angles  nearly  to  the  faid  Line,  which  was  by 
tying  the  Ends  to  perpendicular  Lines  of  Packthread 
that  were  faftened  to  Hooks  at  each  End,  and  had  Hi- 
ding Knots  on  them,  fo  that  the  crofs  Line  might  be 

moved 


( 4°4  ) 

moved  higher  or  lower  as  there  was  Occafion  for  it} 
upon  one  End  of  this  Line  I put  a Bail  of  Cork,  and 
found,  that  when  the  firft  Line  had  been  excited  the 
Vertue  was  carried  up  to  the  fecond  Line,  and  caufed 
the  Cork  Ball  to  attract.  I then  took  off  the  Cork 
Ball,  and  put  one  of  Ivory  in  its  Place,  and  this  at- 
tracted after  the  fame  manner ; and  afterwards  I hung 
two  Ivory  Balls,  one  at  one  End,  and  the  other  at 
the  other  T nd  of  the  Line,  and  found  there  was  a 
fenfible  Attraction  when  the  Line  that  fupported  them 
was  raifed  thirty-eight  Inches  above  the  Line  of 
Communication. 

October  the  30th  I repeated  this  Experiment, 
and  now  when  the  Line  thatfupports  the  Ivory  Balls 
was  elevated  about  an  Inch  above  the  communicating 
Line,  either  Ball  attracted  the  Thread  at  the  Diftance 
of  more  than  a Semi-diameter  of  the  Ball,  and  at  the 
Height  of  ten  Inches,  at  leaft  half  the  fame  Diftance. 

By  thefe  Experiments  we  find,  that  the  Eleftrick 
Vertue  may  not  only  be  carried  from  the  Tube  by 
a Rod  or  Line  to  diftant  Bodies,  but  that  the  fame 
Rod  or  Line  will  communicate  that  Vertue  to  ano- 
ther Rod  or  Line  that  is  at  a Diftance  from  it,  and  by 
that  other  Rod  or  Line  the  Attraftive  Force  may  be 
carried  to  other  diftant  Bodies.  I am, 

SIR, 

Tours , and  the  Royal  Society9 s, 
charter-Houfe , Mod  Obedient  Humble  Servant , 

oa.  J5,  173a. 

Stephen  Gray. 

LET. 


( 4°5  ) 

LETTER  II. 

SIR, 

TH  E Subjeil  of  Eledrical  Attraction  at  a Di- 
fiance,  without  any  ContaCt  of  the  Line  of 
Communication  either  by  the  Tube,  or  the  faid  Line 
not  touching  the  Attra fling  Body,  being  fo  very  fur- 
prizing,  I prefume  the  following  Account  of  the 
Experiments  1 havefince  my  laft  made  on  that  SubjeCt, 
may  not  be  unacceptable  to  the  Society. 

A fmall  Hoop  of  about  twenty  Inches  Diameter, 
and  an  Inch  and  a half  in  Breadth,  being  fufpended 
by  two  Threads  of  Silk,  fo  as  that  it  hung  perpen- 
dicular, and  in  a Plane  at  right  Angles  to  the  hori- 
zontal Line  of  Communication,  which  pafs'd  through, 
or  at  lead  very  near  to  the  Center  of  the  Hoop,  1 
went  to  the  End  of  the  faid  Line,  and  applying  the 
excited  Tube  near  it,  there  was  an  attractive  Influ- 
ence communicated  to  the  Hoop  in  all  Parts  of  it. 
Then  by  a Skrew-Hole  made  in  the  Side  of  the 
Hoop  for  that  Purpofe,  I fkrewed  it  upon  the  Top  of 
a Pedeftal  that  was  about  two  Feet  and  a half  in 
Height,  fetting  it  upon  a Cake  of  Rofin,  fo  as  that 
the  before  mentioned  Line  might  pafs  through  the 
Center  of  the  Hoop,  and  found  that  whether  the 
Hoop  was  placed  fo  as  its  Plane  was  at  right  Angles, 
or  in  any  other  Angle  with  the  Line  of  Communica- 
tion, the  Hoop  attrafled  after  the  fame  manner  as  it 
had  done  when  fufpended  on  the  filk  Lines. 

Some  time  after  I made  the  following  Experiment. 
Into  the  Nofe  of  a Glafs  Funnel  I put  the  larger 
% H h h End 


( 4°6  ) 

End  of  the  Top  of  a fmall  Fiihing-Rod,  and  upon 
the  lefTer  End  a Ball  of  Cork  ; then  the  Funnel 
was  feton  the  Floor  of  the  Room  fo  as  that  the  Rod 
was  at  fome  Inches  diflance  from  the  Line  of  Com- 
munication ; then  the  Tube  being  excited,  and  ap- 
plied near  the  End  of  the  Line,  the  Electrick  Vertue 
was  conveyed  by  it  to  the  Cork  Ball,  and  it  attracted 
ftrongly  when  the  Ball  was,  by  Eftimation,  not  lefs 
than  two  Feet  Diftance  from  the  aforefaid  Line. 

December  u,  there  being  a hard  Froft,  and  a fair 
Day,  I repeated  the  Experiment,  making  ufe  of  a 
large  Hoop  that  was  about  forty  Inches  Diameter, 
and  fetting  it  perpendicular  upon  a hollow  Cylinder 
of  Glafs,  which  was  fix  Inches  long,  and  five  Inches 
and  a half  Diameter,  fo  placing  the  Hoop  that  the 
Line  of  Communication  might  pafs  through,  or  at 
lead  very  near  to  the  Center  of  the  Hoop  ; then  ap- 
plying the  Tube  to  the  End  of  the  Line,  there  was 
an  Attraction  communicated  to  all  Parts  of  the 
Hoop,  attracting  a pendulous  white  Thread  at  the 
Diftance,  by  Eftimation,  of  about  half  an  Inch.  I 
then  fet  the  Hoop  fo  as  the  inward  Surface  of  the 
Hoop  might  touch  the  Line,  and  then  communicating 
an  Attraftion  by  the  excited  Tube  to  the  Packthread, 
the  attractive  Vertue  was  carried  by  it  to  the  Hoop, 
and  caufedit  to  attraCt  with  that  Force,  as  with  the 
remoteft  Part  of  the  Hoop  to  attraCt  the  Thread 
at  a Diftance,  by  Eftimation,  of  about  four 
Inches. 

Some  time  after  the  ’foregoing,  J made  the  fol- 
lowing Experiment.  The  Erge  Hoop  being  fet  up- 
on the  Glafs  Cylinder,  and  the  Packthread,  paffing 
through,  or  near  its  Center,  the  Tube  being  applied 

' neSr 


( 4 07  ) 

near  the  Hoop  gave  ir  a ftrong  Attraction,  fo  that 
it  would  attraCt  a Thread  at  the  Dtftance  of  feven 
or  eight  Inches,  and  ar  the  fame  time  there  was  an 
Attrition  communicated  to  the  Packthread.  Then 
I fufpended  an  Ivory  Ball,  of  two  Inches  Diameter, 
at  the  other  End  of  the  Packthread,  and  applying 
the  Tube  to  the  Hoop,  there  was  an  Attractive 
Vertue  carried  to  the  Ball,  and  it  would  attract  the 
pendulous  Thread  at  the  Diftance  of  near  an  Inch. 
I then  pi  iced  the  Ball  in  or  near  the  Center  of  the 
Hoop,  and  now  it  was  fo  far  from  being  attracted,  that 
it  was  repelled  by  the  Ball,  but  was  attracted  by  the 
Packthread  palling  to  it  in  the  Arch  of  a Circle, 
whofe  Center  feem’d  to  be  that  of  the  Ball. 

This  is  all  that  I have  at  prefent  to  communicate, 
who  am, 

SIR, 

fbe  Society's , and  your 
; Mojt  humble  Servant , 

Stephen  Gray. 


Hhh  z 


II.  EPHE- 


/ 


< 4°8  ) 

II.  EPHEMERIDES  METEOR  OLOGIC/E, 
Barometric^,  Thermometries.  Epidemics, 
Magnetics,  ULTRAJECTIN./E  conJcriptA 
a Petro  Van  Mufchenbroek,  L.  A . M.  Med. 
O*  [ Phil . 2).  <Phil.  & MatbeJ.  fprofeff.  in  Acad . 
Ultra].  Annis  1730,  1731. 

E P H EME  RIDES  Annt  1730, 

SI  per  totum  Terrarum  orbem  unanimi  opera  Me- 
teoris  obfervandis  notandifque  incumberent  Phi- 
lofophi,  breviffimo  tempore  Hifloriain  ventorum, 
anniverfariorum,  liberorum,  conftantium,  motionum- 
que  abfolutam  haberemus,  qui  enim  Ephemerides, 
ubivis  conditas,  inter  fe  compararet,  originem  cujuf- 
cunque  venti,  iter  quod  abfolviffet,  ubinam  defiiffet, 
manifefto  detegeret : videret  hie  quomodo  a ventis 
nubes  verfus  quafdam  delate  plagas  ab  oppofitis  ven- 
tis  fuiffent  condenfats,  aut  ab  aliis  admiftis  nubibus, 
ex  diverfifiima  terrs  regione  generatis,  debebant  pro- 
ducere  pluvias,  novos  ventos  eorumve  impetus  in- 
tendere,  efFervefcentiasfufcitare,fulmina  incendere  Sc 
tonitrua  ^ quorum  omnium  caufam  nunc  tantum  con- 
jeftando  alTequimur,  aut  ignoramus  : Videret  harum 
Ephemeridum  fpeftator  univerfs  Atmofphers  fabric 
cam,  &C  indolem  ; de  qua  vix  aliquid  hucufque 
propter  obfervationum  penuriam  cognofcimus.  At 
dolendumpauciflimosejufmodi  Ephemeridibus  confcri- 
bendis  eruditos  operam  navare,  adeo  ut  vix  ex-hac 

alterave 


( w ) 

alterave  comparata  inter  fe  multum  lucis  utilitatif- 
que  capi  queat : excitavit  acutiffimus  Jurinus  Epi- 
ftola  invitatoria  aliquos,  qui  alacri  animo  hunc  la- 
borem  non  detreftarunt  : gavifus  fui  Lipfix  diligen- 
tiffimum  Philofophum  accuratiffiiras  Eruditorum  actis 
inleruiife  Anni  1730,  Obfervationes  Meteorologicas, 
quae  cum  noftris  comparatx  oftendent,  quantum  eo- 
dem  die  variet  Lipfix  & Uitraje&i  Atmofphera, 
quam  difcrepantes  regnaverint  Venti : quantum  gra- 
vitas  incumbentis  aeris  major  huic  quam  alteri  loco 
fuerit,  qux  cun£ta  fpe&atorem  voluptate  certo  certi- 
us  perfundent : fperanda  in  pofterum  tneliora  teinpo- 
ra,  quibus  plures  Ephemerides  fimul  lucem  adfpici- 
ant,  nunc  ad  noftras  nos  convertamus. 

Janvarius  admodum  moderate  friguit,  exhibu- 
itque  plurimos  ferencs  dies  ; gelavit,  fed  cum  frigi- 
diflima  erat  tempeftas,  Thermometrum  modo  fubfe- 
dit  ad  gradual  18,  idque  femel  tantum.  Fuit  Mer- 
curius  inBarometro  die  vigefimo  primo  ad  altitudi- 
nem  29  If,  poll.  quae  tantaeft,  ut  non  meminerim  me 
earn  unquam  majorem  animadvertiffe.  Coelum  adeo 
pulchrum  &ferenumnec  magnis  nec  fubitaneis  muta- 
tionibus  caloris  obnoxium  fere  omnes  a mortalibus 
aegritudines  profcripferat,  li  Variolas  excipiamus, 
qux  confluentes,  malignae,  ejufdemque  indolis  erant, 
ac  fub  finern  elapfi  anni  notavi,  pauciores  tamen,  quos 
invaferant,  mterfecerunt.  Acus  Magneticas  in  eodem 
reliqueram  ftatu  ac  prxterito  anno,  nolens  eas  vi  nova, 
dufdu  fupra  Magnetem,  impregnare:  manfit  vis  Mag- 
netica  per  totum  annum  in  Inclinatoria  acu  fatis  vi- 
vax,  quid  Declinatorix  contigerit  menfe  Maio,  in- 
fra notabo^  Maxima  inciinatio  hoc  menfe  fuit  730  25A 

Minima 


( 4l ° ) 

Minima  720  45^.  Declinatio maxima  135  zv.  Mini- 
ma n°  f8'. 

Februarius  fatis  humidus  fuit,  moderate  frigidus, 
paucifque  aquilonaribus  agitatus,  nullx  in  Atmof- 
phera  magnx  aut  fubitanex  caloris  frigorifve  vicifii- 
tudine?,  unde  paueiflitni  xgrotantes:  Varin]#  tamen 

manferunt  confluentes,  minus  maligex  prioribus. 
Die  decimoquinto,  hora  vefpertina  decima  Auroram 
Borealem  detexi,  live  nubem  modo  lucentem,  nullos 
vibrantem  radios ; cum  nihil  infoliti  continere  vkkba- 
tur,  ip(i  ulterius  obfervandx  non  impendi  tempusaut 
operam:  vidi  in  Britannorum  A£tis  Philofophieis, 
eodem  die  Genevx  Auroram  Boream  placidiflimas 
lucis  fpedatam  quoque  fuiffe,  ejufque  elegantem  de- 
fcriptionem  cum  Sccietate  communicatam  in  N°  913. 
Pag.  279. 

Inciinatio  acus  maxima  fuit  740  10'.  Mini- 

ma 730  15'.  Declinauo  maxima  140  6 , Minima 
130  8'. 

Admodum  pluviofus  fuit  Martins . In  Barofco- 
pio  Mercurius  plerumque  humilis,  nullx  tamen  tern- 
peftates  fxvierunt,  quibus  cxteroquin  hie  mentis  infa- 
mis  evafit.  Aquilonares  paueiflitni  fpirarunt,  hinc 
falubre  caelum,  vix  morborum  femina  afferens 
difpergen  fve : Jam  mitiores  evaferunt  Variolas, 

diferetas  hinc  inde  dabantur,  neque  confluentes  adeo 
copiofa?,  aut  lethales  quam  fuperioribus  menfibus. 
Sexto  die  hora  vefperin^  odava  Auroram  Borealem 
fpeftavi  5 haec  exigua  erat  $ nubes  in  plaga  feptentri* 
onali  parva,  10  gradibus  fupra  horizontetn  elevata, 
inxquali  terminata  limbo  fuperiori,  alba  fuperius, 
nigrior  inferius,  virgas  aliquot  emilit  lucentes,  breves 
vix  30  gradibus  fupra  horizontem  elevatas,  quae  fe 

mutuo 


( 4’ i ) 

mutuo  cxcipiebant,  interjr&o  tamen  notabili  tempo- 
ris  intervallo,  quo  nihil  apparebat  : hora  decima 
nullum  amplius  ejus  veftigiutn  dabatur. 

Inclinatio  acus  maxima  fuit  grad,  minima 
66°  15'.  Hie  tamenaliquid  mirandum  contigit,  cum 
enim  vigefimo  quinto  die  inclinatio  erat  maxima  jp 
graduutn,  poftero  die  fuit  tantum  66 0 15  . Nulla 
tamen  hujus  diferiminis  caufa  in  sedibus  meis  fuir, 
eftque  hxc  acus  Inclinatoria  illius  indolis  «5c  probita- 
tis,  ut  (i  ex  fitu  fuo  turbatur,  intra  horam  eundein 
Inclination^  gradum  oftendat,  quemadmodum  pluri* 
bus  fpeftatoribuf,  atque  inter  eos  nuper  Maximo  Sa- 
gaciflimoque  Philofopho  J.  Th.  Defagutlerio  me 
amiciflime  invifenti  oftendi.  Magis  adrairabar  hoc 
Inclinationis  diferimen,  cum  acus  altera,  quae  Decli- 
nationem  oftendit,  modo  unius  minuti  difFerenriam 
exhibuerit : Quot  non  reliant  in  Magnetica  feientia 

a polteris  enucleanda  > Inter  omnes  obfervationes 
hujus  mends  in  acu  Inclinatoria  captas,  magnas  mu- 
tationes  obfervavi,  nunqusm  vero  vidi  minores  ali- 
quo  menfe,  quam  fuerunt  ills  in  acu  Declinatoria. 

Lstus,  moderate  dccus  fucceffit  mends  Aprilis , 
cujus  grato  calore  Isle  germinabant  arbores  & plants, 
ita  ut  opima  melds  ex  ridentibus  undique  pratis  fio- 
rentibufque  & virentibus  arboribus  foe  maxima  ha- 
beretur:  fertilia  bis  mugiebant  tonitrua  : femel  lumen 
Boreale  apparuit,  nihil  prater  folitum  exhibens,  Pau- 
ciores  iterum  regnabant  Variolas:  Vernales Interinit- 
tentes  Tertians  more  folito  in  Scenam  prodierunt, 
nequaquam  pertinaces,  aut  maligns,  nec  etiam  copi- 
ofs,  nec  infueta  fymptomata  excitantes.  Hinc  inde 
Peripneumoniam  animadverti,  fed  benignam,  qus 
nonnunquam  fponte  refolvebatur,  aliquando  Vens 

fedio»- 


( 4l*  ) 

fe&ionem  & remedia  poftulabat ; pauciffimos  in- 
teremit. 

Inclinatio  acus  maxima  fait  72°  30'.  Minima 
68°  45'.  Iterum  hoc  menfe  idem  proaigium  conti- 
git,  quod  faperiori  5 ut  nenape  acus  ex  Inclinatione 
maxima  redieritlequenti  die  ad  minimam  : acu  decli- 
nationem  oftendente  vix  ulla  inrerea  temporis  muta- 
tione  agitata.  Declinatio  maxima  fuit  tantum  130  74, 
Minima  iz°  4 6\  Tantopere  motu  retrogrado  acus 
nautica  hoc  menfe  delata  fuit. 

Quoties  menfe  Mmo  non  mugierunt  tonitrua  ? Vix 
id  frequentius  ullo  tempore  obfervatutn  fuit:  eft  ta- 
men  Mains  in  his  regionibus  Temper  tonitruum  ferax  ; 
quippe  teilus  frigore  prxreritx  hyemis  conftri&a, 
vix  exfpirare  ex  fe  olea,  fulphura,  falia  potuit : fimul 
ac  idcirco  calore  Aprilis  & Maij  aperitur,  affarim 
in  Atmofpheram  exhalationes  affurgunt  oleofx,  fali- 
nx,  diverfiffimxque  indolis,  quae  permixtae  fecum, 
effervefcunt,  inflam mantur,  fulmina  fulgura  Sc  to- 
nitrua excitant. 

Spiraverant  in  mentis  principle  Aquilonares  Vend, 
ilico  hinc  Anginx  Sc  Tufles  oriebancur  5 IafLmma* 
torix  erant  Anginx  omnes,  Amygdalx  admodum  tu- 
lnentes  rubrx  ; nonnuilx  Synanchx,  aiise  Cynan- 
chx  erant : nec  nifi  larga  repetkaque  Venxfeftione 
purgatione,  fauciurn  fotibus  externis,  garganfmatibus, 
diluentibufque  potibus  profligari  poterant:  Tertians 
quoque  ab  hoc  Vento  crebriores  ^ eo  enim  inimicior 
corpori  humano  hofpes  vix  datur:  aderant  adhuc  Va- 
nolx,  fed  pauciores  mitiorefque. 

Inclinatio  acus  maxima  fuit  yz°  25'.  Minima 
70°  45'.  Declinationem  obfervavi  ufque  ad  diem  de- 
cimum  nonum,  quo  hora  undecima  ante  meridiem 

fulmi- 


( 4*3  ) 

fulmimverat,  vidi  fulmen  fupra  asdes,  fed  tamen  in 
alciori  coeli  parte  tranfiiffe,  ita  ut  nullam  a&ionem 
ab  ipfo  exfpe&averim  j hora  duodecima  venio  obier- 
vatura  in  horto,  quomodo  fe  declinatio  acus  Magne- 
tic# haberet,  fubdato  operculo  avocor  quodam  cafu, 
interim  exigua  pluvi#  copia,  vix  memoranda  cadit, 
quae  parumper  vitrum,  quo  acus  tegitur  in  capfula, 
ipfamque  acum  humeftaverat ; abftergeo  accurate, 
impono  ftylo,  quid  noto  ! paralytica  evaferat  quafi 
acus,  vi  orbata  Magnetics,  quiefcens  Temper  quocun- 
. que  in  fitu  poneretur  : duco  fupra  egregium  Magne- 
tern  hanc  acum,  bene  imprasgnari  noluit,  cum  nun- 
- quam  verfus  plagam,  ad  quam  alia:  acus  fuper  eodem 
Magnete  duftas,  diregebatur  : capituli  cavitatem  po- 
livi,  purificavi,  applicationem  acus  ad  Magnetem  re- 
petii,  #que  vano  cum  fucceffu  : turn  ad  dexteri- 
mum  fabrum  Amftelodami  mifi,  qui  cum  ante  bi- 
ennium ipfam  mobiliffimam  fecerat,  nunc  irrito  co- 
natu  variis  temporibus  reftituere  earn  eupiebatj  fed 
non  potuit  coa&us  fabrefacere  novas:  excurrit  id- 
circo  multum  temporis,  quo  Declinationem  a c&s  no- 
tare  non  potui,  atque  ideo  hiulcum  harum  obferva- 
tionum  ponere  coaftus  fui.  An  hie  effe&us  a ful- 
inine?  Affirmari  non  audeo,  fed  contigit  tempore  fui- 
minis,  quod  fi  acum  tetigiffet,  explicari  ex  analogis 
obfervationibus,  quas  in  Differtatione  de  Magnete 
collegi,  utcunque  polfct. 

Junius  paucos  exhibuit  ferenos  dies,  temperatus 
admodum,  hinc  morbi  acuti  rariffimi  fuere,  Tertians* 
intermittentes  adhuc  dabantur,  fed  benignae  ra-  is,  £c 
faciilim#  curatu,  jam  pauciffimse  Variolae,  quae  ultra 
annum faevierant.  Inclinatio  actis  maxima  fuit  74°3i'. 
Minima  710  50; 


Iii 


Maxima 


( 4l  4 ) 

Maxima  maduit  Julius  pluvixcopia,  unam  alte- 
rumve  fereiium  mode  exhibens  diem  : calor  multo 
minor  erat,  quam  quem  Cerealia  aut  fru<3:us  arborum 
ad  maturitatem  legitimam  poftulabant  \ inundabantur 
palcua,  imo  qux  nunquam  aquis  obte&a  fuerunt,  jam 
oceani  faciem,  ad  altitudinem  duorum  pedum  fob 
aquis  demerfa,  induerant:  Flavius  Lecca  ad  fommas 
ufque  oras  impletus,  tranfeendiflet  aggeres,  nifi  vi- 
gilatum  prudenti  prxfe&uum  confilio  & induftria 
fuiflet : jam  defperare  colonus  de  mefle,  anxiufque 
altiora  pro  pecore  pafcua  quxrere.  Non  tamen  ubi- 
vis  terrarum  hie  menfis  xque  pluviofus,  confole 
jtichterianas  obfervationes  circa  Lipfiam  capras,  fe- 
renos  fulfifTe  fxpe  Soles  invenies,  imo  & ira  in 
Gallia  fe  habuit  tempeftas.  Utcunque  humefeebat 
Julius,  morbos  tamen  non  produxit,  foletque  hie 
menfis  plerumque  iEfculapii  filiis  ferias  aliquas  lar- 
rgiri. 

Inclinatio  acus  maxima  fuit  770  15'.  Minima 
vero  yz°  15'. 

Fuit  dluguftus  quoque  in  principio  admodum  hu- 
midus  ; computruerunt  ex  arboribus  mala  pyraque, 
quorum  fruduum  in  Traje&ina  Diocoefi  magna  pe- 
nuria  ; quam  deploranda  feges  f grana  tritici  cxi- 
gua,  plurimum  furfuris,  parum  farinx  concludentia, 
maxima  pars  propter  pluvias  continuas  germina- 
verat:  colle&a  hxc  Ceres  vix  emtores  invenit* 

quippe  menfura,  qux  7 t florenis  vendebatur  prx- 
teriti  anni  tritico  impleta,  vix  tribus  florenis  extra- 
dipotuit.  Incipiebant  Tertianx  intermitten tes,  Au- 
tumnalium  more,  fed  latis  benignx.  Fuertmt  qtio- 
que  Synochi,  fimplices,  fed  qui  nulla  fymptomata 
fingularia,  aut  decurfum  extraordinarum  habuerunt. 

• Incli- 


( 4M  ) 

Inclinatio  acds  maxima  fuit  7 6°  }of.  Minima  70 
graduum. 

September  iterum  pluviolas,  pulchros  tamen  dies 
aliquot  in  initio  conceffit,  poft  duodecimum,  nul- 
lum amphus.  Aurora  Borealis  fulfit  decimo  die* 
vefpera  ab  bora  decima  ad  undecimam,  ex  nube  yit 
fupra  horizontem  in  parte  Boxea  lucente$  virgas  eja- 
culans,  nihil  infoliti  edens. 

Jam  plures  Tertianae  & Quartan®  Febres  inter- 
mittentes  vifebantur  non  tamen  mali  moris,  caste- 
roquin  quia  temperatus  calor,  vix  alii  morbi  acisti 
regnabant. 

Inclinatio  acus  maxima  fuit  70°  30'.  Minima 
69°  15'. 

Offiobri  coelum  pluviae  maxima  parte  orbatum 
purgatumque  quidem,  fed  frigidius  propter  humiduni 
praeteritis  menfibus  folum ; pauci  quoque  fereni  dies* 
fainc  non  maturuerunt  in  noftris  Terris  uvae : in 
Gallia  contrarium  obtinuit,  ubi  September  Sc  Octo- 
ber laris  calidi  excoxerunt  egregie  uvas,  fuppedita- 
runtque  Vinum  generofiffimum,  & prasftantius  quam 
aliquibus  anteabtis  annis.  Pauci  quoque  hoc  menfe 
morbi,  aliquot  Tertianae  fimplices,  duplices,  Quar* 
tanae  quoque,  non  pertinaces. 

November  pluvia  abundans,  temperate  tamen  fri- 
gidus  : & quia  totus  annus  humidior  frigidiorque  fo- 
Jito  fuit,  boves  in  pafcuis  laetiffime  veguerunt,  pin- 
guiffimae  fablse,  nec  aliter  fe  habuerunt  Ayjes  omnes, 
gallinae,  feras  quaelibet,  adeo  ut  frubtuum  damnum 
obefioribus  bobus  refarcitum  expertus  fuerit  colony. 
Quinto  & fexto  die  Auroram  Borealem  obfervavi, 
nihil  infoliti  exhibentem : fuerunt  hx  bin®  hujus  an- 
ni  ultimas  Aurora,  adeo  ut  fulferint  fexies : intuen- 

Hi  z do 


J 


(4'<) 

do  omnes  aninradvertebam,  non  curare  has  Auro- 
ras qumam  vend  fpirenr  ex  quacunque  etiam  plaga. 
Cum  ramen  in  plagis  Boreis  primum  Temper  appa- 
rent, indeque  verfus  Auftrum  feranrur,  earum  ma- 
teria akion  maerisregione  natat,  quam  in  qua  vend 
inferiores  dominantur  : promoventur  aucem  Aurorae 
a Borea  verfus  Auftrum.  proculdubio  a vento  iu- 
perioris  Atmofphasricx  regionis  hac  diredtione 
latx. 

Jam  Inclinatoria  actis  maxime  deprefta  fuir  fub 
horizon  te,  quando  cum  eo  angulum  69°  30'  feceritr 
minime  fub  angulo  68°  50'. 

1 Decembri  notanda  eit  fubiranea  ponderis  Atmof- 
pherici  rnutatio,  cum  enim  vigefimo  iecundo  die 
Mercurius  no(fte  in  Barofcopio  fuipendebatur  ad 
2,8  tI  pollic.  mane  adfcenderat  ad  29  t pollices. 
Qux  rnutatio  intra  8 horas  contigit. 

Inclinatio  acus  maxima  fuit  69°  25'.  Minima 
67  graduum. 

Fuit  aer  pofteriori  femeftri  hominibus  faluberri- 
mus,  ita  ut  pauci  morbi,  paucique  diem  fuum  obi- 
erunt,  imo  nifi  prioribus  hujus  anni  menfibus  Vari- 
olas plures  folito  extinxiffent,  folito  parciora  funera 
texiflet  humus. 

Pluvix  copiar  qux  hoc  anno  cecidit,  perpendi- 
cularem  altitudinem  3 3 pollicum,  5 3 Iineas  xqua- 
vit : In  vapores  autem  modo  abierunt  28  pollices, 
1 f linex  : adeo  ut  plus  pluvix  ceciderit,  quam  eva- 
poratum  fuerit,  quod  oppido  raro,  fed  id  evenitrquia 
^mus  frigidus  humidiffimufque  fuit. 

EP  HE- 


r 4'r  ) 

E P HE  ME  RIDES  Mmimt. 

JA  NU  A R I U S Frigus  moderatum  attulit  s 
qux  notari  merentur  hoc  menfe,  fequentia  fant : 
geiabat  diebus  14,  15,  16,  17,  parum  quidem,  gela* 
bar  tamen  erac  vero  Mercurius  in  Barofcopio  admo- 
dum  depreflus,  venti  fpirabant  Auftrales,  led  pigri: 
rhirabar  hoc,  cum  vix  aut  nunquam  gelu  inchoate 
aoimadverterim  Barofcopio  adeo  depreffo  iifque  co- 
mitantibus  ventis,  defnt  adrniratio  fimuiac  percepe- 
rim  in  littoribus  Lulkanias  & Hifpaniac  fceviilTe  in> 
petuofiflimas  procellas,  plurimas  frangentes  naves, 
rrft  ifimx  Tragoediae  caufas : dominabatur  ibidem 
Vencus  Auftralis,  qui  quoque  inde  delatus  ad  noftras 
ufque  regiones,  fuas  vires  in  aerem  noftrum  exercu- 
ifler,  nifi  Boreas  oppolita  diredtione  ipfi  reftitiftet; 
aer  inde  piger  & tranquillus,quexnadmodum  Lucftato- 
res  pari  nifu,fed  oppofito,  infe  agentes  quiefcunt:  fu- 
perante  Auftro,  hie  flare  obfervabatur,  fuperante  Borea 
hunc  regnare  vidimus  Quamfobrie  defutura  atmof- 
phaerse  conditione  ex  altitudine  Mercurii  in  Barofcopio 
ratiocinandum  eft  ! quippe  vigefimo  fexto,  feptimo  & 
odtavo  die  hujus  menfis  regelabat,Mercurio  jam  per- 
quam  alto  exiftante  j &£  flante  Vento  Orientali  : vix 
credo  aliquem  majores  circa  Barometrum  Anomaiias 
oblervafte  unquam. 

Variolas  obfervavi  aliquas,  paucae  fuerunt,  plerum^ 
que  difcretac,  quibus  pauci  infantes  perierunt.  A, 
medio  Januarij  inceperunt  Pleuritides,  corripientes 
modo  Operarios  & rufticos,  mitioris  indolis,  raro  in, 
fnppurationem  tendenteSo 


( 41 8 ^ 

Fuerunt  quoque  Tertian#  duplices,  quae  folo  fa- 
lium  aut  Amarorum  ufu  brevi  & feliciter  cura- 
bantur. 

Simulac  regelabat,  Coryz#  exftabant.  Lecca  flu- 
vius  hoc  menfe  parcam  aqua;  copiam  in  fe  complexus 
fuit. 

Jam  mihi  nova  aliquot  Verforia  comparaveram, 
ut  iterum  Declinationem  Magnetis  obfervarem: 
Acum  Inclinatoriam  fibi  reliqueram,  vdurus  an  vis 
Magnetica,  ante  biennium  cum  ipfa  ccmmunicata, 
adhuc  anno  hoc  latis  vegeca  perftaret  ? Docuit  ex- 
perientia  vim  fummopere  hoc  anno  decreviffe  ita  ut 
menfe  Decembri  acum  denuo  fupra  Magnerem  du- 
cendam  efTe  judicaverim,  novifque  his  imbuta  virU 
bus  multo  magis  inclinabat,  fufpicor  tamen  vires  fe- 
tis  ipfi  conftitifTe  ufque  ad  menfem  Junium  : Hifee 
detedis  arbitror  nunquam  nautas  tuto  fuis  confidere 
Verforiis  poffe,  qux  ultra  biennium  Magneti  appli- 
cata  non  fuerunt. 

Inclinatio  maxima  acds  hoc  menfe  fuit  68  gradu- 
um,  minima  67°  zo'.  Dedinatio  maxima  140  55'. 
Minima  140  15'. 

Februarius  diuturuum  gelu,  fed  moderatum,  co- 
mes habuit ; id  incepit  die  fecundo,  & abfque  in- 
terruptione  gelavit  ufque  ad  finem  vigefimi.  Port 
fextum  diem  Mercurius  in  Barometro  defeendit, 
donee  ad  infimam  fere  ftationem  lui  die  odavo  & 
nono  perveneritj  coelo  utcunque  fereno,  placidis 
vends,  ex  quacunque  afflantibus  plaga,  perflante  ge- 
lu: fed  ejufmodi  anomaliis  luxuriare  inceperat,  per- 
gere  ita  fludebat  annus.  Node  diei  quinti  valde  ful- 
guravit,  in  aliis  Hollandi#  urbibus  ferocia  micue- 
runt  fulmina,  & tremenda  mugierunt  tonitrua,  pr#- 

cipue 


( 4 '9  > 

cipue  fupra  pagum  Alfmeriam  : Duodecimo  die  ceci- 
dit  velperi  inrra  horam  fextam  & odavam  ingens 
nivis  quantitas,  qux  altitudinem  15*  pollicum  xqua« 
vir,  cum  admifta  pluvia  rara  & tenuiflima,  tarn  pro- 
digiofam  nivis  copiam  intra  brev  ffimum  tempus 
delapfam  in  hac  regione  nunquam  obfervavi . Nivem 
folvi,  foluta  dedit  20  aquas  lineas  : hxc  nix  proinde 
modo  novies  rarior  aqua  erat : contigit  hoc  prodi- 
gium  node  precedence  Lunas  quadraturam.  Ob 
-continuatum  gelu  Fluvius  Lecca  obriguit  : port  di- 
em vigefimum  blandiffune  regelavit,  foluta  feliciter 
fluviorum  glacies  nullam  cladem  aggeribus  in- 
tulit. 

Hoc  frigore  durante  filuerunt  fere  morbi : Vari- 
olas fuerunr,  fed  benignae,  difcretx,  vix  quemquam 
e medio  tollentes.  Copiofa  nix  cum  fubfequenti- 
bus  aquilonaribus  poft  diem  duodecimum  Arthriti- 
dem  excitavit,  quas  fxvior  fuiffet,  fi  gut  majus  reg- 
naflet  frigus,  auc  Boreas  diutius  infeftaffet ; verum 
clementioris  genij  auftrales  non  exiguum  folatium 
egritudini  huic  attulerunt.  Cum  vero  per  longifc 
iimum  tempus,  ododecimfe  fequentium  dierum,  gelu 
abfque  intermiffione  corpora  conftrinxerat,  impedi- 
ra  in  nonnullis  perljiiratio  fuit ; hinc  Diarrhoex,  non 
prius  definens,  quam  abundans  in  corpore  materies 
excreta  fuerit,  reftitutaque  libere  perlpiratio ; promp- 
tiffimum  idcirco  remedium  fortis  purgatio  & poftea 
blandum  fudoriferum.  Verum  alios  invafit  Angina 
inflammatoria,  diuturnior  quam  periculofior  pro- 
fligata  cito  Venx  fedione,  inprimis  repetitis  pnrgan- 
tibus.  Poftquam  regelare  coepit,  & aer  pluvii  hu- 
meicere,  TufTes  oboriebantur,  auftris  humidioribus 
valde  relaxantibus  pulmonum  veficulas,  adeo  ut  of- 


( 4*0  ) 

cula  cxcretoriorum  laxiora,  nimifque  patula,  hue 
plus  liquidi  non  nifi  tuile  sxcreandi,  demife- 
rint. 

Inclinatio  acils  maxima  68°  30'.  Minima  68 
graduum.  Declinatio  maxima  140  zo.  Minima 
*3°  4 S'-  . 

Mart'10  menfe  fere  Temper  fpiraverunt  Venti  A- 
quilonares,  ingrata  tempeftate  aeque  Vegetantia  ac 
Animalia  afficientes  : Hinc  multi  morbi,  Arthritis, 
Pleuritis,  Febres  acutae  continue,  Tertianas  intermit- 
tentes,  Quartans,  Variola:  port  decimum  quartum 
diem  animadverti  eos,  qui  Phthifi  laborabant,  mul- 
to  pejus  fe  habuifle,  valde  anxios  fuifle : caufam  ful- 
picari  poteram  nullam  praeter  aBtecedentes,  diu  con- 
tinuatos  Aquilonares. 

Piei  feptimi  velpera  Auroram  Borealem  obfervavi, 
exiguam,  nihil  infoliti  ferentem. 

Inclinatio  acus  maxima  fuit  69°  15'.  Minima 
68°  2©'.  Declinatio  maxma  14°  ^8'.  Minima 
130  30'  Inter  diem  quintum  & fextum  diferimen 
Declinationis  evafit  x male  uni  gradui,  Inclinatione 
manenre  immutatL 

ylprilis  fuit  ficcu",  valde  frigidus,  plurimis  aqui- 
lonaribus  infeftus,  fterilifque  ; hinc  menfe  hoc  elap- 
lo  nondum  ulla  virebat  arbos,  fub  finem  florere  ca> 
perunt  mala  armeniaca,  verum  frigore  perierunt  flo- 
res ; mala  perfica  dein  amiferunt  flores,  qui  multum 
a frigore  pafli,  foecundiores  tamen  fecerunt  frudtus. 

Jam  crebriores  Arthritides  ingrati  frigidique  Aqui- 
lonares excitaverunt : jam  Tertianas  fimplices  5c  du- 
plices,  Vernalium  more,  fed  copiofiores  fuerunt, 
aequaquam  tamen  malign®  aut  pertinaces. 

Inclinatio 


( 4*1  ) 

Inclinatio  acus  maxima  fuit  70®  40'.  Minima 
68°  45'.  Declinatio  maxima  16  Graduum,  minima 
14°  2 s'. 

Maius  in  principio  ingratus  frigidufque,  verum 
die  quinto  poft  meridiem  maxima  fabito  contigit 
mutatio,  ex  coelo  cadente  calida  pluvia,  clementi- 
orem  reddente  aerem,  bine  pofteris  diebus  caterva- 
tim  ex  arboribus  erurapebant  folia  florefve,  6c  jam 
plurima  lxra  virere  nitebantur,  nifi  iterum  a die  de- 
cimo  ufque  ad  decimum  quintum  nodtes  frigidiflima; 
omnia  iterum  gelu  conftrinxiflent ; hinc  nulla  crefce- 
bant  legumina,  denla  glacie  obdudta  Terra  fingulis 
nodtibus ; poftquam  decimo  odtavo  die  tonuerac, 
mitelcere  coelum  coepit.  Interim  quinto  die  propter 
celerrimam  atmolphaera:  mutationem  ex  ftigida  in 
calidam,  ilico  aderant  Angina:,  leviores  tamen,  fui 
Iponte  evanefeentes.  Sequenti  die  Colicos  dolores 
abfque  febribus  notavi,  hi  nodtu  corripuerant  homi- 
nes antea  faniftimos ; caulam  invenire  non  potui, 
nifi  in  lubitanea  caloris  frigorifque  vkifiitudine ; 
neglexifiem  hunc  morbum,  nifi  eo  die  mane  invi- 
fens  xgrotos,  primos  quatuor,  in  variis  xdibus  ta- 
men habitantes,  de  iis  doloribus  conqueftos  audi- 
viilem,  turn  vero  ab  aere  pendere  fufpicatus,  levio- 
remque  in  Inteftinis  inflammationem  dari  ; Venam 
iecandam  judicavi,  Optimo  cum  fucceflu  \ in  quibus 
id  neglexeram,  propinaveramque  fpirituofa  calida, 
opiata,  morbus  per  triduum  duravit,  nec  nifi  Venae 
fedtioni  & diluentibus  profligatus  fait.  Eodem  tem- 
pore frequentes  oriebantur  Raucedines  & Tufles, 
ablque  febre,  quae  tamen  poft  mediam  nodtem  ex- 
acerbabantur  ; pertinaciftlmae  hae  fuerunt,  non  aufi- 
jcultantes  Venae  fedtioni,  purgantibus,  fudoriferis, 

K k k blan- 


( 4*1  ) 

blandefacientibus  y fed  tempus  diuturnum  poftula- 
bant,  turn  Mellita,  atque  Opiata. 

Decimo  quarto  die  Lumen  fulfit  Boreale,  quod  ni- 
hil, antea  non  notatum  fspius,  fpe&andum  dedit. 
Inclinatio  acus  maxima  fuit  71°  70',  Minima  68 
Graduum.  Declinatio  maxima  1 6°  30'.  Minima  15 
Graduum. 

Junto  Synochos  limplices  obfervavi,  quos  nulla 
malignitas  comitabatur,  ideo  facile  curati  larg^  Vena; 
fectione  6c  nitrofis,  diluentibus,  refrigerantibufque 
potulentis.  Erant  quoque  Variolae,  fed  ejus  natura:, 
ut  nunquam  mitiores  fuerintj  aut  elfe  poffint ; exap- 
taffet  unufquifque  nunc  (ibi  hunc  morbum,  fi  poftea 
fe  liberum  immunemque  ab  eodem  fore,  (ibi  perfua- 
dere  potuiffet ; erant  Variola;  difcreta;,  pauca:,  exi- 
guae,  quibus  infantes  aliqui  non  aut  vix  asgrotabant* 
nequaquam  decumbere  coafti ; fuppuratre  jam  fexto 
die  erant  omnes  puftulae,  6c  penitus  exficcatas  nono 
die.  Verum  peflimse  Coryzx  fuerunt,  diutiflime  du- 
rantes,  propter  ingentem  tempeftatum  varietatem, 
quippe  (i  nunc  regnabat  magnus  calor,  eum  poftero 
die  magnum  frigus,  ab  Aquilonaribus  adveclum  ex- 
cepit.  Sufpicor  omnes  Inclinationes,  quas  acusoften- 
dit  ab  hoc  menfe  ufque  ad  Decembrem,  eife  minores 
quam  par  erat,  propter  vires  magneticas  longinquitate 
temporis  rainutas. 

Declinatio  maxima  fuit  160  30'.  Minima  iy°  yc/. 

Julij  vigefimo  quarto  die  adeo  terribilia  corrufca- 
runt  fulmina,  concomitantibus  tonitruisadmodumcre- 
pitantibus  mugientibufque,  ut  nunquam  fimilia  vide- 
rim.  vel  audiverim,  inceperunt  poll  meridiem  hora 
4 \ defiverunt  hora  fexta : multa  tamen  damna  urbi 
non  intulerunt  y hinc  inde  lapides  ex  caminis  dejefti, 

tegulae 


( 4*3  ) 

tegulae  ex  te&isj  duae  arbores  prope  urbem  Fiffse, 
3c  pro  parte  deglubitae,  ubi  fulmen  decurrerat : taQius, 
qui  fub  una  arbore  hofpitium  quajfiverat  ab  hoc  ful- 
mine,  civis  fuburbanus. 

Jam  toto  hoc  menfe  caelum  mite,  clemens,  fere- 
num,  fertile,  hinc  opima  Meffis,  praeteriti  anni  penu- 
riarn  compenfans  j adeo  falubrisfuit  h&c  tempeftas,  ut 
vix  aliqui  segrotaverint.  Declinatio  acus  maxima 
x6°  io'.  Minima  150  40'. 

Auguftus  admodum  calidus  fuit,fed  coelum  adeo  cle- 
mens, benignum,  falubre,  ut  melius  exoptari  & mor- 
talibus  non  poffet : hinc  paucifiima:  aegritudines.  Po- 
mona vero  adeo  fscunda,  ut  nimiam  protulerint  op- 
timorum  fruftuum  <5c  maturorum  arbores  copiam.  Sc 
vix  pretium  frudibus  fteterit. 

Declinatio  maxima  acus  fuit  hoc-  menfe  16°  f. 
Minima  if  35-'. 

September  caelo  quoque  gavifus  fuit  temperato  &C 
miti,  paucis  infeftus  Aquilonaribus : protulit  anginas 
aliquas  inflammatorias  acutiores,  6c  mitiores ; pro- 
tulit quoque  Tertianas  <Sc  Quartanas,  intermittentes, 
minus  tamen  in  civitate  quam  ruri : Erant  hae  ex  ge- 
nere  Autumnalium,  non  aufcultabant  Lixiviofis  fali- 
bus,  aut  amaris  antifebrilibus : verum  feliciflime  cen- 
tenos  curavi,  propinando  vomitorium,  idque  interdum 
bis,  turn  deco£tum  amarum  per  paucos  dies,  deinde 
Corticem  Peruvianum,  qua  methodo  radicitus  exftir- 
pataj  funr,  neque  recruduerunt. 

Declinatio  acus  maxima  fuit  if  5 :f.  Minima 
140  io'. 

October  foecundus  fuit  in  progignendis  luminibus 
Boreis,  quinque  enim  apparuerunt : die  tertio,  vef- 
peri  ab  hora  o£tava  ultra  duodecimam  nodurnam, 

K k k 2 coelo 


( 4>4  > 

coelo  admodum  placido  £C  quieto  ingens  lumen  Bo- 
reumdabatur,  emittens  lente  fuas  columnas  ab  hori- 
zonte  verfus  Zenith,  quae  diutiffime  perftabant  nullis 
interrupts  vends. 

Die  feptimo  ingens  Aurora  Borealis  fpefhbatur, 
totum  coelum  clarius  illuftrans,  quatn  Luna  Dicho* 
toma  feciffet,  bora  feptima  incepit  in  plaga  Euro-bo- 
rea,  fed  pedetentim  proferpfit  quoquead  plagam  occi- 
dentalem,  ita  ut  fitnul  micuerit  per  totum  coeli  trac- 
tum  ab  Euro-borea  adOccafum,  adeo  exporre&a  fu- 
it  hora  undecima:  prope  horizontem  coelum  eratob- 
duftum  nube  alba,  denfiori  quam  ut  Stellarum  lucem 
tranfmitteret:  ex  hac  nube  interdum  aifurgebat  pars 
columns  inftar,  aliquando  abrumpebatur  pars  nubis, 
insqualis  figurae,  quae  ita  divulfa  lucebat,  lente  pro* 
mota  verfus  Zenith,  nam  nulkrs  ventus  prope  terra 
fuperficiem  regnabat  i praterea  nihil  (ingulare  ha- 
buit. 

Die  o£hvo  vefperi  iterumfulfit  Aurora  Borealis  in 
plaga  coeli  Borrolybica  : Erant  crebrs,  interrup  s nu- 
fees  exigus,,  atra  ; fupra  quas  hsrebant  nubes  pellu* 
cids  fc  lucentes,  quiets,  non  emittentes  radios  aut 
tolumnas  : duo  ipirabant  fimul  vend,,  fupremus  erat 
Hypaquilo,  inferior  Notus.  Supremi  vend  inferior 
pars  incurrens  in  fuperiorem  nubium  partem,  aliquid 
abripiens  fecum  deferebat,  quod  admodum  rare-, 
fadum,  motuque  inteftino  fervefcens  lucere  incipiebat : 
ex  his  abrafis  partibus  emittebantur  interdum  virgs; 
ex  reliquis  tamen  nubibus  raro  exibat  columna,  quae 
parum  fplendebat,  Reliquae  Aurorae  nihil  fingu- 
fare  habuerunu 


Fuit 


( ) 

Fuit  aer  toto  hoc  menfe  faluberrimus : hincpau- 
ciflimac  aegritudines,  nil!  fub  finem  menfis  quo  ruri 
potiffimum  Febres  \ Tertians  Simplices,  Duplices, 
Quartanyque  intermittentes : in  civitare  multo  pauci- 
ores  fuerunt.  Quoniam  pomorum  Sc  pyrorum  tanta 
ubertas  hoc  Autumno,  ut  nullo  pretio  haberi  potue- 
rinr,  vulgus  iis  nimium  indulfit : hinc  Dyfenteriae, 
ruri  prycipue,  in  urbe  pauciores ; non  tamen  proferp- 
ferunt,  nec  contagiofae  fuerunt. 

Deciinatio  maxima  fuit  140  30*.  Minima  autem 
14  Graduum. 

November . Quam  temperatum*  quam  clemens 
hue  ufque  fuit  cesium  ! Non  Autumnus,  fed  dBftas 
temperata  adefife  fuit  vifa  : decimo  die  extra  hanc  ur- 
bem  fpatians  vidi  omnes  adhuc  arbores  virentes  pan* 
ciffimaque  Tiliarum  folia  flava  decidua.  Triticutn 
Autumno  hoc  fatum,  increvit  nimis,  adeo  ut  bobus 
devorandum,  gratninis  loco  in  pafeuis  propiaaretur, 
ne  magis  excrefcens,  future  hyemis  frigus  ferre  me- 
lius pullet.  Omnes  edules  herbae  in  hortis  vegebant, 
utr  menfe  Augufto  folenf,  adeo  ut  etiamfi  fera  advene- 
rit  -Siftas,  diutiffime  tamen  blando  fuo  calore  terrain 
refecerit,  manferitque : fuit  vigefimus  lextus  dies  ul- 
tra modum  calidus,  etiamfi  humidus  Sc  flante 
Borea. 

Die  fexto  Auroram  Borealem  fpectavi,  diverfam 
ab  omnibus,  quas  hucufque  contemplatus  fum  : Erat 
enim  cneium  ab  Auftro  per  Occafum  ufque  ad  Sep- 
tentrionem  plurimis  interrnotis  nubibus  ornatum, 
quae  omnes  quiefeebant,  tranquilly  fuis  in  locis  haeren- 
tes,  quatnvis  ventus  aliquis  regnarer,  lucebant  omnes 
alba  luce,  totum  coelum  illuftrante:  Ordinaria  fuit 

Aurora,  quae  trigefimo  die  comparuit,  Plurimy  da- 

bantur 


(426) 

bantur  Tertians-,  duplices  prxcipue,  St  Quartans 
febres  intermittentes,  qus  pertinaces  non  fuerunr,  fe- 
liciter  enim  profligate  funt  methodo  fupra  notata. 
Variole  quoque  dabantur,  paucs,  fed  Confluentes  2t 
Difcretx,  benigne  indolis,  paucos  interimentes,  eti- 
amfi  copia  puftularum  notabili  faciem  occupave- 
rint. 

Maxima  declinatio  acusfuit  14°  15',  St  minima  14 
Graduum. 

December.  Cum  jam  acum  Inclinatoriam  virium 
fuarurn  maximam  fecifle  ja£turam  animadverteram, 
earn  denuo  fupra  Magnetem  duxi,  viribufque  tantis  ac 
potuit,  impregnavi,  ilico  veram  Inclinationem  often- 
dit  69°  ij'.  Aliquoties  ex  fuo  loco  turbata,  poffc 
nonnullas  ofcillationes  ad  eundem  gradum  Inclinatio- 
nisrediir.  Declinatio  maxima  fuit  140  it'.  Mini- 
ma 130  23'. 

Variolas  hujus  menfis  fuerunt  ejufdem  generis  ac 
Novembri  obfervaveram.  Prsterea  dabantur  Terti- 
ans St  Quartane  febres  intermittentes,  nihil  infoliti 
habentes,  nec  diverfae  ab  iis,  quas  fuperioribus  Au- 
tumni  menfibus  tratiaveram. 

Tota  pi u vie  quantitas,  qus  hoc  anno  delapfa  fuit, 
altitudinem  perpend icularem  modo  habuit  17 , polli- 
cum  rhenolandicorum,  quae  exigua  eft,  fuit  autem 
annus  inter  ficciores  numerandus.  Sub  vaporis  forma 
in  auras  abiverunt  zy  pollices  10  t lin.  quae  copia 
fere  eft  illi  equalis,  quam  elapfo  anno  obfervave,- 
ram. 


III.  A 


III.  A Letter  from  Mr.  Jac.  Theod.  Klein,' 
Secret.  Dan.  O F.  % S.  to  Sir  Hans  Sloane 
DaA-  <p>r.  D.  S.  Oc.  /erring  to  accompany  the 
DiElures  of  a "Very  extraordinary  foflile  Skull 
of  an  Ox  with  the  Cores  of  the  Horns  5 of 
the  Plica  Polonica  mentioned  in  TranfaCh 
N°  417  ; and  of  a "very  large  Tumor  of  the 
Eye.  Tranflated  from  the  Latin  by  T.  S. 
M.D. 


SIR , 

A Friend  from  the  City  of  Dirfcha'w  has  lately 
placed  in  my  Collection  part  of  the  Skull  of 
an  Ox  with  the  Cores  of  the  Horns,  which  in  all 
Probability  muft  have  been  terrible.  It  was  dug 
up  near  the  faid  City,  which  is  three  Miles  diftant 
from  hence.  I beg  leave  to  fend  you  fome  Draughts 
thereof.  Fig.  I,  reprefents  the  outfide  to  the  Orbits 
of  the  Eyes.  Fig.  II,  the  Balls  of  the  Skull,  and 
Fig.  Ill,  the  Occiput.  The  Cores  of  the  Horns 
contain  deep  longitudinal  Furrows  ; they  are  not 
entire  at  the  Extremities,  and  yet  are  diftant  from 
one  another. 

Fig.  I.  ah.  3 Feet  2 i Inches. 
c d.  1 Foot  1 3 Inch. 
ef.  1 Foot  4 Inches. 
gh.  1 Foot  1 4 Inch. 


( 4*8  ) 

i K.  The  Root  of  the  Horns  i Foot  6 
Inches  in  Circumference. 

/ m.  The  Cores  1 1 Inches  in  a ftrait  Line. 

I dare  not  determine  to  what  kind  of  Bulls  this 
Foflii  is  to  be  afcribed.  I only  conje£ture  it  may 
belong  to  the  'taurolephantes,  of  which  you  have 
made  mention,  in  your  learned  Differtation,  of  a 
Pair  of  very  extraordinary  large  Horns,  publilhed 
in  Vol.  34  of  Philofoph.  PranfaB.  N°  397.  For 
as  to  the  Zubrones  which  Gefner  on  the  Ur  us, 
png.  144,  mentions  from  Munjl erv.s,  there  is  no  fuf- 
iicient  Proof  that  the  Animal  in  queftion  was  of  that 
Kind. 

To  this  I make  bold  to  add  two  other  Draughts : 
The  one  is  that  of  a ftupendous  Plica  Polonica , 
which  Dr.  Floerckey  Phyfician  to  the  Princefs  of 
Radzivil , got  drawn.  The  Plica  itfelf  was  fent 
to  Drefden,  where  I faw  it.  It  is  remarkable,  that 
the  Woman  affected  with  this  Plica,  who  was  a 
Subjeft  of  the  Princefs,  and  liv’d  in  the  Diftrid  of 
Novogrod,  during  yi  Years  that  Ihe  laboured  under  it, 
never  changed  her  Refting- Place  but  twice  a Year, 
•viz.  in  Spring  and  Winter.  Upon  the  Approach  of 
Winter  fhe  could  endure  Cold  fo  very  well,  that  fhe 
fhunned  all  Sort  of  Heat,  even  that  of  a lighted 
Candle.  She  never  ufed  any  ftrong  Liquor,  but 
lived  on  very  bad  Bread,  raw  Herbs,  and  Water, 
to  feventy  Years  of  Age.  In  the  Spring  fhe  ufed 
to  be  carried  to  fome  Place  where  the  Heat  could 
not  eafily  penetrate.  She  at  length  died,  near  two 
Years  ago.  [ Vid.  7^ ranfaB,  N 0 417.] 


The 


( 429  ) 

The  {Other  Draught  is  of  a prodigious  Swelling 
of  the  Eye  of  a Subject  of  the  aforefaid  Prineefs,  This 
Swelling  was  occalioned  by  Hail;  and  it  daily  encrea- 
fes  and  grows  hard,  except  at  the  Place  marked  by  the 
Letters,  Fig.  $■.  This  Circumftance  is  very  lingular, 
that  the  Optic  Nerve  and  the  Tunicles  have  ftretched 
fo  much,  that  the  Eye  quitted  its  Socket,  and  fell 
down  to  the  Beard,  Letter  b.  The  unhappy  Man 
is  Hill  living,  and  can  move  this  Eye,  which  weeps, 
but,  as  is  no  Wonder,  cannot  fee  with  if.  The 
Tumour  is  not  painful,  but  it  is  very  troublefome  to 
him  about  his  Nofe.  If  thefe  few  Curiolities  be 
acceptable  to  fuch  inquilitive  Philofophers,  as  the 
Gentlemen  of  the  Royal  Society  are,  I have  nay 
Wilh.  I am,  &c. 

‘ Dantzick , July  4,  1730. 


IV.  An  Ah  fir  aB  by  James  Douglas,  M.  D. 
Med.  (Rygin.  O'  F.  5.  of  a <Book^  entituled , 
A fhort  Account  of  Mortifications, 
and  of  the  Stirpriling  Effedt  of  the  Bark, 
in  putting  a Stop  to  their  Progrefs,  Or. 
<By  John  Douglas,  Surgeon,  F.  S.  Lon- 
don, Printed  for  John  Nurfe,  at  the  Lamb 
without  Temple-Bar.  1752. 

THIS  Ihort  Account  of  Mortifications , &c. 

which  contains  Forty-eight  Pages  in  a large 
O&avo,  is  dedicated  to  Ambrofe  Dickins  and 

L 1 1 Clau„ 


/ 


( 4J°  ) 

Claudius  Amy  and,  Efqrs.  Serjeant  Surgeons  to  his 
Majefty,  and  divided  into  three  Parts. 

In  the  firft  our  Author  treats  of  Mortifications  in  ge- 
neral, from  Pag.  i to  the  6th.  What  he  fays  upon  this 
Head  is  collected  from  fome  of  the  raoft  experienced 
Phyficians  and  Surgeons,  who  all  affirm,  that  a Mortifi- 
cation from  an  internal  Caufe  is  always  incurable ; 
and  when  it  proceeds  from  an  external  one,  it  can 
never  be  cured  but  by  Amputation,  or  feparating  the 
Part  affected  from  the  Sound. 

In  the  fecond  Part  he  gives  a very  remarkable  Ob- 
fervation  of  his  own,  which  proves  to  a Demonftra- 
tion,  that  a Gangrene,  even  from  an  ill  Habit  of  Bo- 
dy, may  be  cured,  contrary  to  the  hitherto  received 
Opinion. 

In  the  third  Part,  which  begins  at  the  30th  Page, 
he  makes  fome  Remarks  on  the  prefent  Cafe,  and  adds 
Come  parallel  Obfervations  from  Mr.  Rujhworth , a 
Surgeon  in  Northampton , who  had  the  good  For- 
tune of  making  the  firft  Difcovery  of  the  great  and 
furpriling  Effects  of  the  Peruvian  Bark  in  checking 
the  Progrefs  of  Mortifications,  which  he  fays  has  been 
likewife  confirmed  by  the  repeated  Obfervations  of 
that  incomparable  Surgeon  Mr.  Serjeant  Amyand , 
who  had  often  ufed  the  fame  Medicine,  in  the  fame 
Cafe,  and  with  the  fame  Succefs  with  Mr.  Rujb- 
<voorth. 

Our  Author  fays  further  in  this  Place,  that  it  is 
only  by  taking  off  the  Fever  that  the  Bark  produces 
all  thefe  good  Effects.  But  to  return  to  the  Obfer- 
vation  itfelf,  which  he  has  given  us  with  a great  deal 
of  Judgment  and  Accuracy  from  Page  the  6th  to 

Page 


( 43 1 ) 

Page  the  30th.  He  fays,  that  April  n,  1732,,  he 
was  fent  for  about  fifteen  Miles  out  of  Town  to  vifit 
a Gentleman  near  fifty  Years  of  Age. 

Upon  Examination  he  found  the  Back  of  his  right 
Foot  mortified,  near  the  middle  Toes,  about  the 
Breadth  of  a Shilling  j his  Pulfe  quick,  and  his 
Tongue  dry. 

There  being  no  Sign  of  any  external  Hurt,  Bruife 
or  Wound,  his  Phyfician,  Apothecary  and  himfelf 
were  all  of  Opinion,  that  it  mull:  proceed  from  fome 
internal  Caufe  refiding  in  the  Mafs  of  Blood. 

The  neceflfary  Dreffings  being  got  ready, he  fcarrified 
the  mortified  Part,  and  cut  to  the  very  Bones  without 
being  felt  by  the  Patient,  having  afterward  carried 
his  Incifions  through  the  Skin  as  high  up  as  the  Knee, 
before  ever  he  began  to  complain  of  the  leaft  Pain. 
His  Limb  was  at  the  fame  time  ftuped  with  a proper 
warm  Fomentation,  and  the  Wounds  drelTed  up,  as 
ufual,  with  Pledgets  dipp’d  in  hot  Oil  of  Turpentine, 
and  over  all  a Poultefs,  or  Cataplafm,  was  laid  on  of 
fTheriac.  Londin.  Oatmeal  and  Stale-Beer,  the  Phy- 
fician prefcribing  what  Alexipharmicks  he  judged  moft 
proper  upon  the  Occafion. 

April  13,  Serjeant  Dickins  and  Mr.  Chefelden 
being  called  in,  dire&ed  the  fame  external  Applicati- 
ons to  be  continued  as  before. 

April  14,  The  Mortification  did  not  feem  to 
fpread. 

April  15,  His  Fever  was  high,  his  Tongue  very 
dry,  and  the  Mortification  began  to  fpread  a little. 
He  then  fcarrified  again,  and  deeper. 

Lll  i 


April 


< 43*  ) 

April  2 6,  The  Mortification  feemed  to  be  at  st 
Stand. 

April  27,  The  Mortification  fpread  crofs  the  Toes 
towards  the  Ball  of  the  Foot,  which  he  fcarrified 
deeper,  and  dreffed  as  before.  The  Fever  grew 
higher. 

April  28,  He  was  forced  to  ufe  the  A&ual  Cautery, 
the  Mortification  getting  Ground  in  fpite  of  all  he  had 
done. 

April  29,  He  found  no  Benefit  from  the  Cautery, 
though  applied  wherever  the  Part  was  corrupted. 

April  30,  The  two  Surgeons  that  had  been  con- 
fulted  before,  the  Phyfician,  the  Apothecary,  and 
the  Author,  were  all  of  Opinion,  that  even  the  taking 
off  of  the  Limb  could  notfave  him,  but  that  in  all 
Probability  he  muft  die  in  twenty-four  Hours, 
his  Symptoms  being  worfe  than  ever } that  is,  his 
Fever  was  very  high,  his  Tongue  dry  enough  to  grate 
a Nutmeg,  his  Vifage  wild,  he  had  a great  Drought 
upon  him,  was  very  reftlefs,  the  Mortification  fpread 
as  far  as  the  Pendo  Achillis , and  tie  Tides,  the  Pati- 
ent complain’d  of  a Pain  and  Hardnefs  in  the  Side  of 
his  Belly. 

In  this  deplorable  Condition  the  Jefuifs  Barb 
was  propofed  by  Serjeant  Dickinsy  and  agreed  to 
by  the  other  Surgeons  prefent,  and  half  a Drachm 
was  ordered  to  be  given  that  Evening,  and  repeated 
every  four  Hours. 

May  1,  This  Morning  he  found  a very  furprifing 
Alteration  for  the  better,  with  regard  to  the  Fever, 
and  the  other  Symptoms  complained  of  the  Day 
before ; the  Patient  had  a good  Night’s  Reft,  and  tire 
Mortification  had  made  no  further  Progrefs. 


May 


<433  ) 

May  2,  There  was  a fmall  Difcharge  from  the 
Sore. 

May  3,  He  found  two  large  Abfceffes  on  each  Side 
of  the  Ancle.  The  Violence  of  the  Fever  being  ta- 
ken off  by  the  ufe  of  the  Bark,  Nature  was  enabled 
to  form  thefe  Abfceffes,  and  from  that  he  concluded, 
that  the  Progrefs  of  the  Mortification  was  effectually 
flopt.  He  oblerved  upon  giving  th eBark  but  once  in 
fix  Hours  a fmall  Return  of  the  Fever,  with  a worfe 
Digeftion,  which  obliged  him  to  give  it  every  four 
Hours  as  before,  and  continued  in  that  Dofe  for 
twenty-eight  Days  in  all  ; and  then  every  fix  Hours 
for  five  or  fix  Days  longer,  though  the  Fever  had  quite 
left  him  all  that  time. 

The  whole  Quantity  of  the  Bark  given  to  this 
Gentleman  amounted  to  ten  Ounces. 

May  5,  His  Pulfe  was  regular,  and  the  Digeftion 
plentiful  and  laudable.  The  Mufcles  and  Tendons 
on  the  Sole  of  the  Foot  being  all  mortified,  before  the 
Bark  was  given,  feparated  in  Pr.ocefs  of  Time,  and 
fell  off  very  kindly,  leaving  the  Bones  of  the  Toes,, 
Metatarfus  and  'far jus  bare  and  carious,  which  he 
afterwards  cut  off  one  after  another,  as  he  found  Oc- 
cafion,  and  could  be  done  with  Safety.  About  the 
Middle  of  November  following  the  Ends  of  the  Tibia 
and  Fibula  were  almoft  covered  with  a firm  Cicatrix  j 
the  Patient  at  this  time  was  well  in  all  other  refpefts, 
and  was  able  to  walk  about  by  the  Help  of  a wooden 
Leg,  and  from  that  time  has  continued  in  perfe£t 
Health. 


V. 


( 4H  > 


V.  T>e  Ufa  Corticis  Peruviani  ad  Gangrenam  & 
Spbacelum,  a Johannc  Shipton,  Cb'imrgo 
Londinenfi. 

DRufhworth,  Chirurgus  Northaratonienfis,  lite- 
. ris  ad  Societatem  Chirurgorum  Londinenfium 
datis,  Oftob.  18,  1731,  fe  ad  virum  vocatum  fuifle 
narrat,  cui  fphacelus  pedis  ex  interna  caufa  cum  febre 
vehementi  Sc  pulfu  inordinato  ad  olTa  ufque  pro- 
grelTus  fuerat : atque  huic  primo  ope  fcarificationutn 
profundarum  & ufitatorum  remediorum  fphacelum 
cohibitum,  febre  leniore  fa£ta,  pulfu  quietiore.  Sc 
pure  ad  margines  ulceris  apparente  ; deinde  iterum 
& tertio  recrudefcentem  6c  latius  ferpentem  eadem 
methodo  reftridum  fuifle  ; tandem  Cortice  Peruvi- 
ano  in  uliim,  dum  febris  remitteret,  vocato,  febrem 
dc  fphacelum  extinda  penitus  fuifle,  segrumque  crure 
abfciflo  lanum  6C  valentem  multis  annis  vixifle  tefta- 
tur  ; idemque  fe  aliquoties  ab  eo  tempore  exper- 
tum  efle  confirmat.  Literis  hifce  Ds.  Amyand, 
Chirurg.  Reg.  & Societ.  Chirurg.  Londin.  tunc  tem- 
poris  Magifter  relpondit,  Jul.  19,  iy$z,  fejam  ad 
exemplum  Rufhworthi  Cortice  Peruviano  fepties 
cum  fucceflu  in  fpacelo  ufum  fuifle,  6c  fpeciatim  in 
viro  78  annorum,  cui  fphacelus  pedis  ex  phlegmone 
obvenerat,  ifque  dum  quotidie  procederet  latius, 
poft  14  horas  a cortice  exhibito  partes  emortuae  fe- 
parari,  pufque  laudabile  apparere  incipiebant:  in 
alio  item,  cui  fphacelus  opem  remediorum  vulgari- 
sm 


( 435  ) 

am  per  tres  feptimanas  repudiabat  j ut  & in  tertio, 
ubi  fphacelus  pun&uris  crurum  propter  hydropem 
fadtis  fuperveniens  corticis  vires  fenfit,  malo  intra 
diem  unum  cohibito,  licet  sger  immedicabili  idtero 
obfeflus,  morboque  & remediis  exinanientibus  ex- 
hauftus,  gangrsna  crus  alterum  occupante,  fato  cef- 
lit : exque  his  omnibus  corticem  Peruvianum  non 
minus  certum  die  remedium  ad  fphacelum  ex  caufa 
interna  quacunque  fanandum,  vel  certe  ad  eundem 
eohibendum,  quam  ad  febres  intermittentes  profli- 
gandas,  fatis  conftare  arbitrari  fe  profitetur. 

Prster  ifta  notari  etiam  merentur  liters  D.  Joan. 
Douglas  Chirurgi  ad  eundem  D.  Rufhworth,  Jul.  y, 
173  a,  mills  (quod  etiam  poftea  peculiari  fcripto  ad 
id  edito  fiilius  profequitur)  quibus  le  ad  virum  quin- 
quagenarium,  fphacelo  pedis  ab  interna  caufa  labo- 
rantem  vocatum,  fuifle  refert : ubi  poftquam  fcarifi- 
cationes,  alexipharmaca  intus  & extra  adhibita,  alia- 
que  ufitata  prsfidia  per  aliquod  tempus  fruftranea 
fuiUent,  morbo  quotidie  ferpente,  ulu  tandem  Cor- 
ticis Peruviani,  quem  D.  Dickins  Chirurg.  Reg.  cum 
D.  Chefelden  Chirurgo  in  confilium  adhibitus  per- 
fualcrat  experiri,  Iphaceli  progreflus  ftatim  reprellus 
eft,  febris  mitior  fadta,  brevique  putrids  omnes 
partes,  tendines  fcil.  ligamenta,  ofla  omnia  pe- 
dis, metatarfi,  & tarfi  fponte  abfceflerunt,  sgro  con- 
valelcente. 

Hsc  omnia  Anglice  fcripta  & in  unum  congefta 
pro  benevolo  ad  publica  commoda  promovenda 
animo  libello  minulculo  inclufir,  ediditque  D.  Rufli- 
worth  : qus  ne  intercidant,  8c  in  oblivionem  ve- 
niant,  ut  contingere  iis,  quae  brevibus  chartis  de- 
fcripta  circumferuntur,  vulgo  folet,  utque  exteri, 

qui 


( 4!<5  > 

iqoi  Corticis  Peruvi&ni  ufum  in  febribus  intermittentf. 
bus  ob,  nefcio  qux,  obventura  vel  lubventura  mala 
formidant,  hoc  faltem  cafu,  quo  nihil  gravius  acci- 
dere  poteft,  ad  eum  experiundum  animentur;  pan- 
els eadem  compledi,  & Latine  exhibere,  eaque  quae 
mihi  nuper  in  ejufdem  remedii  ufu  obtigerunt,  fub- 
jungere  placuit. 

Ante  annum  fere  ad  virum  quinquagenarium, 
cui  ex  liberaliori  Bacchi  ufu,  indeque  orta  cachexia 
phlegmone  pedis  in  fphacelum  digitorum  & metatarfi 
mutata  erat,  vocatus  fum.  Is,  licet  plurima  alexi- 
pharmaca,  aliaque  ad  id  malum  facientia,  interna  & 
externa,  per  plures  dies  a D.  Dodd,  M.  D.  6C  Chi- 
rurgis  DD.  Holloway  & Green  adhibita  fuerant, 
quotidie  latius  8c  profundius  ferplerat,  cum  febre 
potius  lenta  quam  ullo  modo  vehementi  Sc  diabete 
fpurio,  feu  copiofiori  urinse  limpidioris  profluvio. 
Hilce  omnibus  evincendis,  cum  praefertim  urinae 
quantitas  aucfta  aftridtorias  corticis  Peruviani  vires 
expofcere  videretur,  & experimenta  DD.  Rufliworth 
Sc  Amyand  fuccdTum  pollicerentur,  ejus  ufum  Me- 
dico & Chirurgis  tentandum  propofui : qui  cum 
membri  exftirpationem  nihil  valituram  fatis  fcirent, 
abunde  ex  pluribus  tentamininibus  infeliciter  fa<ftis 
pdo<fti,  aliaque  fruftra  ufurpaflent,  facile  manus  de- 
derunt.  Is  vero  cum  ad  3ij  quarta  quaque  hora 
per  aliquot  dies  datus  fuiflet,  nihil  aut  ad  diabeten, 
awt  ad  fphacelum  conferre  vilus  eft  j led  per  ilium 
humido  vitali  exhaufto,  per  hunc  carne  continue 
latius  abfumta,  agrotus  intra  duas  fere  feptimanas 
mortem  obiir. 

Feliciorem  eventum  nuper  habuit  corticis  ufus  in 
viro  35  circiter  annorum,  temperamenti  melancho- 

lico- 


( 437  ) 

lico-fcorbutici ; qui,  dum  ex  fclopeto  aucupatorio 
pulverem  pyrium  eximeret,  idque  cum  manus  dex- 
trx  vola  incautius  ori  ejus  appofita  ertet,  dilp!odere- 
tur,  vulnus  per  mediam  palmam  indicifque  & polli- 
cis  intercapedmem  porredtum,  amplurn  & profuii- 
dum,  cum  vaforum  & tendinum  laceratione  partus 
eft,  quod  ftatim  in  pago  urbi  propinquo,  ubi  turn 
erat,  haemorrhagia  largiore  cohibita,  deligatum  erat. 
Per  aliquot  dies  gravis  dolor  cum  tumore  magno  & 
inflammatione  digitos  omnes  prxter  pollicem,  to- 
tamque  manum  & brachium  obfedir,  neque  quic- 
quam  ex  vulnere  praeter  ichoris  copiam,  primo  fan- 
guinolenti,  deinde  fulci  coloris  cum  foetore  aliquali 
prodiit ; vulnus  etiam  ipfum  fubnigrum  latius  indies 
patebat,  tumorque  & inrtammatio  cum  dolore  vix 
diminutus  eft,  licet  ufitata  ad  ejufmodi  vuinera  re- 
media ufurpata  fuiflent.  Undecimo  autem  die  fan- 
guis  ad  uncias  aliquot  intra  fpatium  nydthemeri  qua- 
ter  fponte  fua  fluxit,  qui  bis  iponte  etiam  ftetit,  bis 
autem  adhibito  Sp.  terebinthinse  manufque  prertione 
reftridtus  eft,  6t  margines  vulneris  fphacelo  confpi- 
cue  occupari  videbantur.  Cum  igitur  nihil  jam  re- 
ftare  videretur  prxter  ufum  ferri  igniti  ad  hxmorrha- 
giam  fiftendam,  fimulque  fphaceli  progrertum  cohi- 
bendum,  quando  ilia  fomenta  & cataplafmata,  hie 
fafeiarum  ftridturam  repudiaret,  fin  autem  cauterium 
nihil  proficeret,  ad  manus  amputationem  devenien- 
dumeftet,  qux  quam  anceps  in  hujufmodi  corporis 
remperamento  remedium  foret,  experientia  fans  te- 
ftatur  j ad  utrumque  pariter  inhibendum  Corticis  Pe- 
ruvian! vires,  cujus  feliciter  exhibiti  teftimonia  plura 
turn  audiveram,  experiri  hie  etiam  placuit.  Duode- 
cimo igitur  die  aij  corticis  mane  exhibiti  font ; & 
Mram  quarta 


( 43 8 ) 

quarta  quaque  hora  repetiti ; ex  quo,  fequenti  mane, 
cum  jam  ejus  unciae  dimidium  haufiflet,  dolorem 
plurimum  mitigatum,  tumoremque  manus  valde  im- 
minutum  inveni,  puris  etiam  aliquantum  circa  vulne- 
ris  margines  & intra  fafcias  confpecftum,  limbuique 
undique,  qui  pridie  ex  fphacelo  niger  erat,  jam  fepa- 
rari  incipere  vifus  eft  : febris  quoque,  quae  toto  prius 
tempore  minime  gravis,  fatis  tamen  fenfibili?,  cum 
haemorrhagia  incrementum  fumferat,  in  totum  quie- 
verat,  urinafedimentum  paucum,  quod  lutofi  potius 
aut  albo-flavefcentis  quam  lateritii  vel  rofacei  coloris 
erat,  deponente.  Corticis  ulus  eodem  modo  per 
duos  dies  continuatus  erat,  deinde  per  duos  amplius 
dies  ter  quotidie  fumtus,  turn  per  tres  alios  dies  bis 
duntaxat  in  die,  adeo  ut  intra  feptimanam  unam  duas 
ejus  unciae  datae  fuerant. 

Interea  tumor  & inflammatio  omnis  evanuerunt, 
pus  purum  manabat,  caro  fuccrefcebat,  & dolor, 
qui  tamen  inter  movendum  fatis  gravis  in  carpo  ad- 
hue  reftabat,  plurimum  immunitus  ftiit.  Per  tres 
deinde  feptimanas  omnia  bene  fe  habebant,  except© 
quod  rheumatico-arthriticus  affe<ftus,  quo  alias  hy- 
eme  laborare  folebat,  nunc  pedem,  nunc  acromion 
& fcapulam  unam  vel  ambas,  cum  tumore,  invafit ; 
febre  interim  vacuus  erat,  & appetitu  ad  ea,  quae 
permifla  erant,  valens.  Deinde  vero,  Dec.  19,  fto- 
machus  imbecillior  fieri,  dolor  metacarpi  cum  tu- 
more major}  quae  cum  fequenti  die  augmentum  fu- 
xnere  vifa  effent,  tertio  die  pulfus  aliquantum  celeri- 
or  fa&us  eft,  &C  tumor  metacarpi  cum  inflammati- 
one  abfeeflum  minabatur,  vulnere  interim  palmas 
pus  album  & aequale,  ut  antea,  fundente.  Quarto 
antem  die.vulneris  or#  veftculis  tumid#,  ad  gangr#- 

nam 


( 439  ) 

nam  tendere,  cum  copiofo  faniei  fine  ullo  pure  ef- 
fluxu,  manufque  rota  & carpus  tumore  inflammatorio 
& graviflimo  dolore  obfideri.  Cortice  igirur  eodem,  ut 
prius,  modo  exhibito,  intraocftohoras,  cumvix  tres  e- 
jus  dofes  haufifiet,  dolor,  qui  antea  acerbiflimus  erar, 
quafi  incantamento  lenitus  eft,  & lequenti  deligati- 
one  tumor  manus  dimidio  fubfedifle,  & pus  laudabile 
manare  videbatur.  Urina  primo  fatis  intenfi  erat  ru- 
boris,  deinde  paulatim  dilutior  evafir,  nullo,  vel  pau- 
ciflimo  fedimento.  Deinceps>  ut  prxcaveretur  reci- 
diva,  corticis  unciam  dimidiam  fingulis  feptimanis 
ad  fextam  ufque  exhibui,  fcrnpulis  duobus  per  tri- 
duum  bis  quotidie  datis,  finemque  quarto  dempm 
menfe  laboriofte  huic  curationi,  qua  tendines  omnes 
mufculorum  perforati  & perforantis,  prxter  eos,  qui 
minimo  digito  inferviunt,  abfceflerant,  os  etiamunum 
ex  iis,  qux  metacarpum,  aliud  eorum,  quse  carpum 
conftituunt,  nudatum  erat,  abfceftufque  unus  &C  alter 
dorfo  manus  orti,  finem  impofui. 

Ex  hiftoriis  hifce,  & praefertim  ex  ultima,  fatis 
conftare  exiftimo,  nihil  hie  fbciatis  aliorum  medica- 
mentorum  virtutibus,  nihil  peculiari  humorum  dia* 
thefi,  aut  incognitas  cuidam  idiofyncrafias,  nihil 
fpontaneae  fymptomatum  remiffioni,  nihil  fortuity 
Crifi,  & falutari  per  alias  fecretiones  expurgation!, 
cafui  denique  nihil  imputandum,  fed  fiiccefTum  om« 
nem  corticis  folius  viribus  unice  tribuendum  efle. 

Licet  autem  in  hiftoriis  memoratis  corticis  pulve- 
rem  duntaxat  fe  in  ufum  duxifle  omnes  referant,  ft 
quis  tamen  aut  ftomacho  imbecilli  confulturus,  aut 
ex  alia  ratione,  ipfum  ea  forma  exhibere  refugit  ^ 
vix  dubitarem  refinam  ejufdem  aut  extraeftum  dimidia 
quantitate  datum  eundem  effe&um  prxftiturum,  cum 

M m m z ad 


( 44°  ) 

ad  febres  intermittentes,  ubi  praccipua  ejus  virtus  eni- 
tefcit,  prasparata  ejufmodi  corticis  idem  cum  ipfo 
valere  quotidie  videamus. 

Quod  fi  quis  ex  hiftoria  prima  a D.  Rufhvvorth 
memorata,  qui  corticem,  dum  febris  aderat  continua, 
exhibere  timuit,  & remiffionem  exfpe&avit,  febrem 
intermitcentem  in  omnibus,  qui  citantur,  aegrotis, 
latuifie  contendat,  adeoque  nihil  efle  miri,  fi  cortex 
ab  hofte  intra  pomaeria  fua  deprehenfo  vidtoriam  re- 
portaverit ; huic  reponere  liceat,  nihil  ejufmodi  in 
pluribus,  imo  contrarium  plane  in  quibufdam,  ob- 
fervatum,  ut  teftantur  fatis  idonei  talium  lymptoma- 
tumjudices;  in  ultima  autem  hiftoria,  ubi  ipfe,  ut 
potui,  ad  omnia  attentus  eram,  nihil  me  notafle  la- 
tentis  alicujus  typi,  aut  febris  prater  folitum,  eum- 
que  lentum,  tcnorem  obfidentis,  quodque  vel  ad 
continentem  aliquam,  multo  minus  ad  intermitten- 
tem  pertineret,  nihil  febrilis  in  urina  fedimenti,  ni- 
hil inioliti  caloris,  aut  fitis,  aut  rigoris  in  una  pra> 
cipue  diei  parte,  nihil  ariditatis  vel  nigritiei  linguas 
confirmare  pofTum  ; &firem  vere  reputemus,  febrem, 
quaecunque  aderat,  folum  fuifle  fymptomaticam  in, 
veniemus,  qux  fecundum  veterum  medicorum  pla- 
cita  (nec  recentiores  abnuunt,  & ex  re  ipfa  patet) 
intermittens  efle  nullo  modo  potelL  Et  quod  ad 
hoc  argumentum  prxcipue  fpecftat,  vires  fcil.  cor- 
nicis  in  fphacelo  fiftendo  non  cx  febre  quadam  in- 
termittente,  6c  latente  profliganda  in  adum  du~ 
ci,  dum  hxc  fcribo,  ad  manus  affertur  fcriptum 
nuper  editum  D.  Bradley  Chirurgi  Londinenfis,  qui 
ad  calcem  refponfi  ad  inconditum  quendam  medica- 
mentarium  fafciculum  D.  Dover,  eundem  felicem 
eventum  habuifle  corticis  ufum  narrat  in  foemina  ca- 
“ - chedica 


( 44  * ^ 

che&ica  St  leucophlegmatica  ; cui  cum  vulnus  am- 
plum  SC  tranfverfum  fupcriore  cruris  parte  ex  cafu 
contigiftet,  tertioque  die  febris  Vehemens  cum  pulfu 
frequenti  SC  intermittente,  lingua  arida  Sc  nigra, 
alpediu  torvo.  St  mente  aliquatenus  emota,  fuperve- 
niflet,  gangraenaque  interea  totum  fere  crus  occu- 
paflet,  ufu  corticis  quarta  quaque  hora  exhibici  intra 
nycthemeri  fpatium  gangramam  cohibitam,  aliaque 
fymptomata  evanuifte  j quinto  autem  die,  corticis 
ufu  intermiflb,  omnia  iterum  reverfa  eodemque 
rurfus  fumpto  fedata  fuifte,  & aegrotam  convaluifte 
memorat. 

Ex  hac  hiftoria,  ut  Sc  quibufdam  e fupra  memo- 
ratis,  apparer,  non  folum  corticem,  dum  febris  ad' 
eft,  exhiberi  tuto  SC  cum  fucceftu  pofte  interdum, 
fed  etiam  febrem  fortafle  hujufmodi  lymptomaticam 
non  efle  e gencre  putridarum  vulgarium,  quae  etiam 
ideo  a quibufdam  lcriptoribus  medicis  ad  fuum  pe- 
culiar genus  refertur,  vel  earum,  quae  in  intermit- 
tentes  faceftere  fperantur  ; cum  ad  eas  omnes  ufum 
corticis  plerumque  noxium,  interdum  lethalem  obfer- 
vant  medicf  in  hac  autem  falutarem  fuifle  evincunt 
fafta  a pluribus  experimenta  : fed  hxc  a Medicis  ul- 
terius  expendenda. 

Prxterea  ex  hiftoriis  allatis  notari  meretur,  quod 
licet  in  quibufdam  proximam  gangraenae  caufam  vul- 
nera  dedermt,  in  omnibus  tamen  primam  Sc  praeci- 
puam  ex  ftatu  & conditione  humorum  delumendam 
videriv  adeoque  remedia  intus  exhibita  quam  ea, 
quae  extra  applicari  folent,  citius  Sc  fecurius  fcopum 
attigiffe. 

iftae,  quas  fupra  exhibui,  funt,  quantum  novi,  om- 
n„es,  quotquot  de  ufu  corticis  ad  hujufmodi  morbos 

hadienus 


( 441  -) 

ha&enus  editor  fuerunt,  obfervationes  ; quibus  pla- 
tes fine  dubio  quotidie  ex  praxi  Chirurgorum  hujus 
Urbis  (quafdam  ipfe  nuper  ab  aliis  accepi)  addi  po« 
terunt ; quas  fi  eodem  fucceflu  probari  plerumque 
contigerit,  quid  obftat,  quo  minus  hunc  ejufdem 
uliim  ad  periculofifiimum  & fere  immedicabilem  af- 
fedum  ambabus  ulnis  ampledamur,  ejulque  re- 
pertorem  omni  laude  Sc  praeconio  dignum  judicemus  ? 

Si  ultra  progredi  vellem,  & ad  plures,  quas  in  fc 
cortex  continet,  virtutes  digitum  intendere  liceret 
(quamvis  ex  eorum  numero  effe  me  mini  me  opta- 
rem,  qui  cogitata  fua  fufque  deque  per  omnia  ver- 
fant,  & qux  vigilantes  fomnianr,  in  experimenta  de 
vita  SC  valetudine  aliorum  perduci  cupiunt)  cum 
quantum  ad  hxmorrhagias  narium,  pulmonum,  cae- 
teraruinque  partium,  per  quas  fanguise  corpore  eli- 
minari  poteft,  valeat,  abunde  Medicis  notum  fit ; 
ejufdem  etiam  vires  ad  fanguinis  fluxum  in  externis 
vulneribus  (iftendum,  ubi  ex  nimia  illius  tenuitate 
aut  acredine  vafa  coire  refpuunr,  Chirurgis  ex  propria 
experientia  commendare  poflum  ; nec  minus  ad  ni- 
mias  excrementitiorum,  vel  etiam  aliorum  praeter  fan- 
guinem  utilium  fuccorum  evacuationes  eundem  pluri- 
mum  valere  fepius  deprehendi. 

Qualem  effedum  praeftare  poterit  mirabilis  hicce 
cortex  in  ulceribus  quibufdam  peflitni  moris,  qu^ 
Nomag  Sc  Phagedasnx  Chirurgis  appellanmr,  3c  for- 
tafle  in  herpetibus  malignis,  experientia  deftitutus  ni- 
hil affirmare  audeo  ; hoc  tantum  monuifle  contentus, 
argumento  ab  analogia  dudo,  cum  gangrasna  Sc 
fphacelus  ulcera  fint  putrida  & depafcentia,  ilium  non 
minus  interdum  fortaffe  efficere  pofie  in  aliis  ejus  ge- 
neris affedibus : quod  tamen  non  fine  previa  corpo- 


l 443  ) 

ris  totius  cura,  re  <3c  tempore  plerumque  id  in  hifce 
concedente,  quod  in  fphacelo  fecus  eft,  <3c  refpedu  ad 
univerfum  corpus  habito,  nec  fine  Medici  dofti  oC 
prudentis  confilio  aggrediendum  autumarem.  Atque 
hoc  modo  memorando  illi  Hipp.  1.  de  Arte  initio, 
monito  obtemperare,  juvabit.  c<  Mihi  vero  in  venire 
“'aliquid  eorum,  quae  nondum  inventa  funt,  quod 
“ ipfurn  notum,  quam  occultum  efie  praeftet,  fcien- 
u tiaevotum  ac  opus  efie  videtur  : fimiliterque  Sc 
<c  femiperfe£ta  ad  finem  perducere  Sc  abfolvere. 
<c  At  vero  verborum  inhoneftorum  arte  ad  ea,  qux 
u ab  aliis  inventa  funt,  confundenda  promtum 
“ efie,  nihil  quidem  corrigendo,  eorum  vero,  qui 
aliquid  fciunt,  inventa  apud  ignaros  columni- 
ando  *,  non  fane  fcientiae  votum  aut  opus  efie  vi- 
“ detur,  fed  proditio  magis  naturae  fuse, , & igno- 
<c  rantia  artis. 

Ut  paucis  igitur  abfolvam,  quas  fupra  attuli,  .hi- 
ftoriae  non  otioforum  cerebrorum  funt  figmenta,  non 
anicularum  deliramenta,  non  rudis  plebeculae  jadati- 
ones,  non  ex  hypothefi  aliqua  ftruftae  narrationes, 
neque  etiatn  Empiricorum  de  arcanis  fuis  vendittio- 
nes;  fed  plurium  in  arte  magiftrorum  fidelis  experi- 
entia  ; quae  ab  uno  vel  forte,,  vel  induftria,  vel  inge- 
nio  Sc  fagacitate  primum  excogitata,  aliifque  in  com- 
munern  utilitatem  tranfmilTa,  a quamplurimis  uno 
ore  confentientibus  minime  fallax  comprobata  eft  : 
adeo  ut  quod  hoc  padoin  variaaetate,  fexu,  corporis 
temperamento,  Sc  vitae  < conditioner  valere  repertum 
eft*  in  pofterum  eodem  modo  valiturum  vix  dubi- 
tandum  fit,  fecundum  veriffimum  illud  Ciceronis  effa- 
turn  ; Opinionum  commenta  ddet  dies,  naturae 
" judicia  confirmat*” 

VI,.  Some 


( 444  ) 


VI.  Some  Corrections  and  Amendments  by  J.  P. 
Breynius,  M.  D.  F.  % S.  concerning  the 
Generation  of  the  Inject  called  by  him  Coccus 
Radicum,  in  his  Natural  Hiftory  thereof t 
printed  in  the  Year  1 7 $ 1 , an  Account  of  which 
is  given  in  theje  Philofophical  T ranfadli- 
ons,  N°  4Z 1 , tranflated  from  the  Latin  by 
Mr.  Zollman,  F.  ^ S. 

IN  the  Natural  Hiftory  of  the  Coccus  Radicum 
lately  publilhed  by  me,  when  after  many  repeat- 
ed Obfervations  and  Experiments  (efpecially  thofe  of 
Pag.  1 6 and  17)  I gave  an  Account  of  the  Genera- 
tion and  Metamorphofis  of  that  Infe£f,  .which  ufes  to 
flick  to  the  Extremities  of  the  Roots  like  a fpherical 
Grain,  and  is  commonly  called  Coccus  Polonicus,  I 
conjectured,  that  thofe  fmall  Flies  which  are  often 
found  among  the  Coccus , did  not  belong  to  the  Coc- 
cus, but  owed  their  Rife  to  fmall  Worms  of  their 
own  Kind,  and  were  accidentally  found  among  the 
Coccus  ; and  as  I could  not  find  any  Difference  of 
Sex  among  the  Worms  of  the  Coccus,  and  following 
chiefly  the  Opinion  of  Signor  Ceftoni  concerning  the 
Coccus  of  the  Ilex  (however,  as  I freely  own,  not 
without  fome  Repugnancy,  and  a flu&uating  Mind)  I 1 
ventured  to  aflert,  that  our  Coccus  alfo  is  an  Infett  of 
the  Hermaphrodite  Kind,  which  brings  forth  Eggs  of 
itfelf,  and  from  itfelf,  and  propagates  its  Species  with- 
out 


( 445  ) 

out  being  impregnated  by  the  Concurrence  of  a 
Male. 

But  the  Summer  following  I began  to  be  lenfible 
that  my  Opinion  was  erroneous,  and  about  the  End 
of  it  was  quite  convinced  of  my  being  in  the  wrong. 
This  was  Matter  of  Joy  to  me ; for  as  the  Difcovery 
of  a Truth  hitherto  unknown  gives  no  fmall  Plea- 
fure  to  a Mind  that  loves  Truth,  fo  I am  fure,  no 
body  will  deny,  that  this  Pleafure  will  be  ftill  great- 
er,  if  the  Difcovery  is  attended  with  an  Acknowledg- 
ment and  Redrefs  of  an  Error  one  has  been  under 
before. 

Having  repeated  my  Obfervations  with  the  greateft 
Exa£tnefs,  and  examined  them  in  the  ftri&eft  Man- 
ner, at  laft  I found  that  the  Metamorphofis,  or  Evolu- 
tion, through  which  our  Coccus  paffes,  is  as  fol- 
lows : 

A.  Of  the  Male.  B.  Of  the  Female. 

I.  The  Egg.  I.  The  Egg. 

The  Eggs  are  laid  about  the  End  of  July , or  the 
Beginning  of  Augujt. 

II  A Worm  with  fix  II.  A Worm  with  fix 
Feet,  no  Wings.  Feet,  no  Wings. 

The  Worms  come  out  of  the  Eggs  about  the  Middle 
of  Augiifi-,  till  the  Beginning  of  September. 


N n n 


III.  The 


( 446  ) 


A.  Of  the  Male. 

III.  The  lefs  fpherical 
Grain  y that  is,  the 

Coccus,  ftricUy  fo  call, 
ed,  of  the  Bignefs  of 
a Grain  of  Poppy-Seed 
or  Millet  at.  fartheft, 
gathered  from  the  9 th 
of  June  till  the  Sum- 
mer Solftice,  with  0— 
ther  bigger  Cocci. 

TV..  The  lefs  Worm  with 
fix  Feet,  no  Wings.  It 
comes  out  of  the  above- - 
mention’d  Coccus , from 
the  Summer  Solftice  - 
’till  the. Middle  of Ju~- 
ly. 

V.  The  Nymph  which 
appears  about  the  Be- - 
ginning  of  J iilyyn&  the 
following  Days. 

VI. .  The  Fly,  the  Male 
coming  out  from  the 
Middle  of  July  till  the 
xjfih  of  the  fameMonth,.. 
which  impregnates  the 
Worm  the  Female ,, 
marked.  N*  IV. 


B.  Of  the  Female. 

III.  The  larger  fphericaL 
Grain  j or  the  Coccus. 
of  the  Bignefs  of  a 
Vetch,  or  as  large  as 
that  of  white  Pepper, 
which  is  gathered  from- 
the  Middle  cf  June 
till  about  the  Middle 
of  July. 

IV.  The  larger  Worm- 
with  6 Feet,  no  Wings, 
That  is  to  fay,  , the  Fe- 
male coming  out  in  the 
Beginningof  July , but 
chiefly  about  the  Mid« 
dle-of  the  faid  Month ; ; 
which  being  impregna- 
ted by  the  Fly  theMale 
N°  VI,  brings  forththe 
Egg  N°  I. 


X 447  ) 

This  Infeft,  under  what  Shape  foever  it  appears, 
viz,  either  of  a Grain,  a Male  Worm,  a Nymph,  a 
Fly,  a Female  Worm,  or  a Worm  coming  out  of  an 
Egg,  always  when  prefied  and  crulhed,  affords  a Mat- 
ter of  a purple  Colour,  which  however  is  obferved 
to  ,run  moft  copious  in  the  Cocci  and  the  Worms, 
-efpecially  the  Female  ones. 

This  may  fuffice  at  prefent  for  the  Correft ion  and 
Amendment  of  my  fhort  Hiftory  of  the  Coccus,  till 
thefe  things  may  appear  explained  more  at  large,  and 
illuftrated  with  Figures,  in  the  fecond  Part  of  it, 
which  is  to  treat  of  the  Chymical  Examination  of  it, 
and  of  its  ufe  in  Dying  as  well  as  Phyfick. 


VII.  A Continuation  of  an  Account  of  an  Effay  to- 
wards a Natural  Hiftory  of  Carolina  and  the 
Bahama  Iflands , by  Mark  Catesby,  F.  % S. 
with  fome  ExtraSls  out  of  the  fifth  Set,  <By  Dr. 
Mortimer,  % S.  Secret. 

TH  E Accounts  of  the  foregoing  Sets  of  this  Work 
are  to  be  found  in  N°  41  y and  420  of  thefe 
Tranf actions : This  fifth  Set  begins  at  Plate 

81.  P else  anus  Amer teams . The  Wood  Pe- 

lican. 

8x.  Numenius  albus.  The  white  Curlew. 


a 


Nn n a 


( 448  ) 

Arum  Aquaticum  minus',  five  Arif  arum  fuu 
tans , Pene  nudo,  Virginianum,  D.  Banifter.  Pluk. 
MantiJJ.  2.8. 

83.  Numenius  fufcus.  The  brown  Curlew. 

Arum , Sagitt aria  folio  angufio , acumine  & au . 

riculis  acutijfimis. 

84.  Numenius  Ruber.  The  Red  Curlew. 

85.  Hamatopus , Will.  p.  zpj.  Rellon.  Lib.  III. 
p.203.  The  Oyfter-Catcher,  fo called,  becaufe  it 
feeds  upon  Oyfters,  which  it  finds  gaping  when  left 
dry  on  the  Banks  at  low  Water. 

Frutex  Bahamenfis , foliis  oblongis  fucculentis 
fruflu fubrotundo  unicum  nucleum  continent e.  The 
Bark  of  this  fmall  Tree  is  ufed  for  tanning  Sole- 
Leather. 

86.  Anferi  Baffano  congener.  Avis  fuviatilis. 
The  great  Booby. 

An  fihymelaa  foliis  obtufis  ? 

87.  Anferi  Baffano  ajfinis  fufca  Avis.  Sloane 
Hift.  Jamaic.  The  Booby.  This  Birds  feeds  on 
Filh,  diving  under  Water  after  them,  but  is  often 
robbed  of  his  Prey  by  another  voracious  Bird,  called 
the  Man  of  War  Bird  [or  Albitrojfe’]  The  frequent 
Cornells  between  thefe  Birds  are  very  diverting.  The 
Author  was  credibly  inform’d,  that  while  the  Albi- 
trojfe are  fetting  and  hatching  their  Young,  their 
Heads  change  from  Brown  to  Scarier,  and  become 
Brown  again  afterwards, 

88.  Hirundo  Marina  minor  capite  albo.  Sloane 
Hifi.  Jamaic.  p.  31.  The  Noddy.  Thefe  and 
the  Boobies  are  fuch  Itupid  Birds  as  to  fuffer  one 
to  take  them  by  Hand. 


8y»  La* 


( 449  ) 

$9*  Larus  major.  The  laughing  Gull.  They 
take  their  Name  from  the  Noife  they  make. 

90.  Larus  major  rojtro  intfquali.  The  Cut-Water. 
They  probably  take  their  Englijb  Name  from  their 
commonly  flying  clofe  to  the  Water,  from  the  Surface 
whereof  they  feem  to  fcoop  up  fome  Food  with  the 
under  Part  of  their  Bill,  which  is  much  longer  than 
the  upper. 

91.  Podicipes  minor  rojiro  vario.  The  Pied  Bill 
Dopchick. 

91.  AnferCanadenfis . The  Canada  Goofe. 

93.  Anas  Bahamenfis , rojiro  plumb eo  macula 
Aurantii  coloris . The  Ilathera  Duck. 

Chryfanthemum  Bermudenfe , Leucoij  foliis  vi- 
rentibus  crajfis.  Pluk.  Aim.  102. 

94.  Anas  crijtatus.  The  round  crefted  Duck. 

95*.  Anas  minor , pur  pur  eo  capite.  The  BuffePs- 

Head  Duck. 

96.  Anas  Americanus  lato  rojiro.  The  Blue- 
wing'd  Shoveler. 

97.  Anas  Americanus  crijiatus  elegans . The 
Summer  Duck.  This  is  one  of  the  mod  beautiful 
of  Birds,  it  being  finely  variegated  with  Red,  Purple, 
Blue,  Green,  Black  and  White.  They  build  in  Holes 
of  hollow  Trees  made  by  Woodpeckers ; and  their 
Young,  before  they  can  fly,  hold  themfelves  by  their 
Bills  fa  ft  on  the  Back  of  the  old  One,  which  flies  with 
it  from  the  Neft  to  the  Water,  and  back  again  upon 
the  Approach  of  any  Danger. 

98.  Anas  minor  ex  albo  & fajco  vario.  The 
little  brown  Duck. 


Frutex 


( 45°  ) 

Frutex  Buxi  joins  oblongis,  baccis  pallide  vi- 
r'tdibus  apice  donatis.  Soap-Wood.  The  Bark 
and  Leaves  of  this  Tree  being  bruifed  and  mixed 
with  Water  produce  a Lather,  and  are  made  ufe 
of  to  walh  Cloaths  and  Linnen  } but  to  the  laft 
they  give  a Yellownefs.  It  grows  in  the  Bahama 
flands. 

99.  .Shierquedula.  The  blue-winged  Teal.  They 
feed  on  ilice,  and  becoming  exceeding  fat,  are  reck- 
oned the  beft  Meat  of  the  Duck  Kind. 

a 00.  Fhierquedula  Americana  variegata.  The 
white-faced  Teal, 


FINIS. 


INDEX 


A N 


INDEX 

To  the  Thirty-feventh  Volume  of 
the  Philofophical  Tranj  actions. 

For  the  Years  1731  and  1731. 


a: 

AMyand  ( Claudius ) three  Cafes  communicated  by  hinx 

jTjL  n-  A 

Areuccio , to  lay  Children  under,  422,  p.  2ytf. 
Atwell  (Jofepb)  Conje&ures  upon  the  Nature  of  intermix 
ting  and  reciprocating  Springs,  ».  414,  p.  301. 

Aurora  Borealis  feenin  Maryland , 0<9L  22,  1750,  by  Richard 
Lewis  ± 418’,  />.•  tfp«> 

Another  feen  in  New- England y Off.  22,  1730,  by 

7/C  Greenwood , 0,418,  />.  yy. 

R. 


Bahama  Iftands^  Natural  Hiftory  of  them,  0.420,  />.  174, 

72. 42651^  p.  447-* 

ufed  againlt  Mortifications,  0.  426,  />.  429. 

Beighton.  .{Henry)  Description  of  the  W ater-  works  at  London. - 
bridge ,•  0.-  417,  />.  y. 

— — — — « Obfervations  of  the  Weather  at  Coventry^ 
for  1707,  n.  423,  p.  261 . 

Belchier  {John)  of  an  Hydrops  Ovarifa  in  a Woman  that  had 
been  tapped  y7  T imes,  n.  423,,  p.  27P. 

Le  Blon  {James  Ghrijlopher)  Printing  in  Imitation  of  Paint- 
ing and  Weaving-Tapeftry,  in  the  fame  Manner  as  Bro«  - 
cades,  0.41P,  p.  101. 

Botanical  Invitation  to  forward  an  Hiftory  of  the  Plants  of 

Swijferland , by  Dr.  John- Jacob  Scheuch^er^  421,  p.  4 1 p<  e 

' - 


INDEX. 

Boy , Ele&rical,  ».  417,  p.  39. 

with  a diftemper’d  Skin  befet  with  Briftles  like  a Bruffi, 
n . 424,  /.  299. 

Breynius  J.P.)  Hift.  Natural.  Cocci  Radicum  Tinttorij , 
polonicum  vulgo  audit . An  Account  of  it.  ».  421,/.  216. 
/7.  426,  /.  444. 

— - — Corrections  and  Amendments  of  his  Hiftory 

of  the  Coccus  Radicum , n . 426,  p . 444. 

Bulbous  Plants  flowering  upon  Water,  ».  418,  p . 80,  81. 

C. 

Calculi  in  veftca  fponte  fratti^  & per  Urethram  excreti  Hift. 

in  Epift.  Laurent ij  Hei fieri,  n.  417,  p.  13. 

Carolina , Natural  Hiftory  of  it,  n.  420,  p.  174,  426, 

A 447- 

Sarmento  {Jacob)  Letter  to  Dr.  Mortimer , concern- 
ing Diamonds  lately  found  in  Brazil , 77.  421,  /.  199. 
Catesby  {Mark)  Natural  Hiftory  of  Carolina , and  the  ifa- 
hama  lflands , /7.  420,  /.  174,  0.  426,/.  447. 

Chartarum , diver  fa  genera  ^ Six  John  Clerk , 0.  420,  p.  ifj. 
Child  with  the  Bowels  hanging  out  of  the  Belly,  0.  422, 
P-  2f8. 

Chinam , 0.422,  p.  234. 

(Sir  j<?^0)  ^ ifry/if  A >terum,  & diverfis  Chartarum 
generibus , 0.  420,  /.  15*7. 

Radicum  Tinttorij  Hift . Natural.  Breynij,  n.  421, p.  216. 
»•  A 444- 

< Polonicus , /A  0.  426,  p.  444. 

Cockburn  (William)  of  the  Difficulty  of  curios  Fluxes, 
»•  4*f,  Z1-  38;. 

Colicus  morbus  fingularis , 77.  422,  /.  236. 

Colours , by  the  three  primitive, red,  yellow,  and  blue,  maybe 
reprefented  any  vi Able ObjeCt,  77.  419*  A I01, 
feenF<?£.  29,  1 7 3^*  77.  427,  /.  393. 
de  Cometis , 0.422,  /.  274. 

Contraycrva , an  Account  of  it,  77.421,/.  I9f- 
-Corrections  of  the  Errors  of  Mr.  Hadley'%  Quadrant, 0.  425% 

A 3f2* 

Cortex  Peruvianas  ad  Gangrenam , etc.  0.  426,  /.  434. 
Coventry , Obfervationsof  the  Weather  therefor  1707,0.423, 
/.  2(5 1.  Curvarurn 


I N D E X. 

Cur  varum  Hyperbolicarum  Q \uadratura , per  Sam.  Klingen* 
ftierna,  n.  417,  p.  47. 

Cyrillus  { Nichol .)  Account  of  an  extraordinary  Eruption  of 
Mount  Fefuviusy  in  March  1730,  n.  414,  j>.  33 6. 

D. 

Davis's  Quadrant,  n.  423,  p.  278* 

Derham  (Jd'illiam)  Letter  to  Sir  H.  Sloane , concerning  the 
Froft  in  Jan . 1737,  417,  i6» 

— — Abftradtof  the  Meteorological  Diaries,  for  1707, 
I7if,  171 6,n  423,/.  261. 

Defagulier’s  {J.  T)  Experiment  of  the  Friftion  of  the  fe- 
veral  Parts  of  a compound  Engine,  n.  4^3,  p.  292. 

two  Experiments  of  the  Fri&ion  of  Pullies,  n.  423", 

p-m- 

— ■ — Experiment  explaining  a mechanical  Paradox, 
n.  419,  p.  12 f. 

Diamonds  lately  found  in  Brazil r,  n,  421,  p.  199. 

Dove  {John)  Letter  to  Dr.  Halley , of  a Comet  feen  Febru- 
ary 2p,  I73L. 

Douglas  (Dr.  James)  Account  of  his  Brother’s  Book  of  the 
Cure  of  Mortifications  by  the  Bark,  n.  426,  p.  419, 

~ John)  of  the  Cure  of  Mortifications  by  the  Bark, 
n.  426,  p.  429. 

WncWein  cerevifue  genus , 417,  />.  14. 

E. 

Fames  John)  Account  of  a Book,  entituled,  Tuhhfat  ilkibar. 

Printed  at  Confiantinople  1728,  n>  424,  p.  338. 

Edwards  {Anne)  a large  umbilical  Rupture,  n.  421.  p.  zziB 
Electrical  Attra&ion  without  any  Contaft,  n.  426,  p . 40^. 

Bodies,  a Catalogue  of  them,  n . 423, 291. 

Electricity , Experiments  by  Stephen  Gray , /z.  417,  />.  1 8 . 
423,  />.  287,  ».  426,  />.  397. 

of  Water,  by  the  fame,  n.  422,  p.  izjB 

permanent,  n.  423,  />.  287. 

convey’d  by  a Packthread  34  Foot  long,  hanging 

perpendicular,  n.  417,  p.  z6. 

— - . ■ 1 7 6y  Foot  long,  carried 

horizontally,  and  fupported  by  crofs  filk  Lines,  ibid. . 
p.  31,  and  88 6 Feet,  ibid.  p.  44. 

• not  interrupted  by  a Loadftonc,  ibid.  pB  32. 

~ — — carried  feveral  Ways  at  once,  ib.  p.  32. 

O o o EleClriciiy 


INDEX. 

Electricity  convey’d  from  the  Tube,  by  holding  it  near  the  Line 
of  Communication  without  touching  it,  ib.p.  33. 

Elton  {John)  a new  Quadrant,  n.  423,  p.  273. 

Eye , extraordinary  Tumour  in  it,  n . 426,  />.  429. 

F. 

Fluida  rotata,  de  figuris  quas  inducre  pojfunt , 421,  p.  240. 

Fluxes , of  the  Difficulty  of  curing  them,  /?.  427./?.  385*. 
Fountain  ebbing  and  flowing,  an  Artificial,  n 424,/).  317. 
Freezing  of  Rivers  proceeds  rather  from  the  Continuance  of 
the  Cold  than  from  the  Excefs  of  it,  n.  417 9p.  18. 

— — ■-  of  Water  inflantaneous,  an  Inflance  of  it,  n.  418. 
F 19- 

—■  ■ - at  Naples  at  f y°  Thermomet.  when  at  London  at 

6y°.n.  424,  p.  33 6. 

Frewen  (F.)  Letter  to  Dr.  Jurin , concerning  the  Small- 
Pox  at  Haftings , n.  419,  p.  108. 

Friction  of  the  fcveral  Parts  of  a compound  Engine,  an  Ex- 
periment to  fhew  that  it  may  be  reduced  to  Calculation, 
n.  422,  p.  292. 

of  Pullies,  two  Experiments  by  Dr.  Defagulicrs , 

n.  42f,  p.  394- 

Froft  in  January  iyif,  a Letter  concerning  it  from  William 
Derham^n.  417 . p.  16. 

G. 

Gale  (Roger)  Extradt  of  Clerk's  Diflert.  de  Stylis  veterum^  & 
diverfts  Chartarum  generibus , n.  420,  p.  1 fj. 

Gangrena , &c.  Cortice  peruviano  cur at  a , /z.  42(5,  />.  434. 

Gfcg,  0.422,  p.  233. 

Gingerly  Oil,  0.  422,  p.  234. 

Gramm , 0.  422,^.  231. 

( Stephen ) Experiments  concerning  Ele&ricity,  n.  41 7,- 
/>.  18,  0.  422,^.  227,  0.  423,  p.  287,  0.  426,^.  397. 
Greenwood  (Jfaac)  of  an  Aurora  Borealis , #.418,  />.  1. 

H. 

Hadley  (John)  new  Inftrument  for  taking  Angles,  n . 420, 
F 147,  0.  427,  />.  341. 

— Obfervations  made  for  the  Trial  of  his  Qua- 

drant, (with  Corredlions  of  the  Errors)  n.  42 f,p.  341. 
Halley  (Dr.  Edmund)  Propofal  for  finding  the  Longitude  at 
Sea  within  a Degree,  0.  421, />.  i8f. 

Haftings , anAccount  of  the  Smalh Pox  there,  n.  419,  p: 108. 

Heifter 


INDEX. 

Heifer  ( Laurent ius ) Hifi . Calculi  in  veftca  fponte  fraUi  & per 
urethram  excreti , n.  417,  13, 

Hogdfon  (James)  Catalogue  of  the  Eclipfes  of  the  four  Satel- 
lites of  Jupiter , for  the  Year  1732.,  0.  41P,  p.  109,  for 
1733,  ^.414, 3M. 

Hopkins  (J.)  of  an  extraordinary  large  Horn  of  the  Stag- 
kind,  taken  out  of  the  Sea  on  the  Coalt  of  Lancafloire , 
n.  42  2,  p.  277. 

Horn , an  extraordinary  one  of  the  Stag-kind  taken  out  of  the 
Sea  on  the  Coaft  of  Lancajloire , 0.  411,  p.  277. 

Houjloun  {William)  Account  of  the  Contrayerva,  n . 42  ij 
p.  ipf. 

Hoxton  (Capt.  Walter ) Some  Obfervations  made  at  Sea, 

»•  42  3>  f • 278- 

> of  an  unufual  Agitation  in  the  Magnetic 
Needle,  0.  417, />.  73. 

Human  Body  ele&rical,  0.  417, />.  39. 

Huxham  (Dv.J.)  Epift . ^ Jac . ym’0.  C0//V0 

gulari,  n.  422,/*.  236. 

Hydrops  Ovarij , a Cafe  of  one  in  a Woman  that  had  been 
tapped  57  Times,  n.  423,^.279. 

r. 

Jaggery^  0.  422,  ^.231. 

Inflrument , a new  one  for  taking  Angles,  0.  420,/*.  147, 
0.  427,/).  341. 

Ipecacuanha , its  Ufe  in  Diarrheas , 0.  427,  p.  387. 

Jupiter’s  Satellites , a Catalogue  of  the  Eclipfes  of  them  for 
the  Year  1732.  0.  419,  />.  109,  for  1733,  0.  424,  p.%2.1. 

- Satellitum  Immerfiones  & Emerjiones  Obf.  Peking 

1 729,  w.  4*o,/>-  182,  ^00. 1730,  0.  424,  />.  316. 

K.  ‘ 

{Ignatius)  Obf.  Eclipfis  Solis , 15*  5^/7  1730,  0.  420, 
i7P- 

— - — Satellit  jovis  Obf.  ib.  p.  182,  0.  424,/,  31 6. 

Klein  {Jac.  Jheod .)  of  the  Foifile  Skull  of  an  Ox  : The 
Plica  Ptilonica^  and  a large  Tumour  in  the  Eye,  0.  426, 
p.427. 

KUngenfiierna  {Samuel)  Curvarum  Hyperbolicarum  QuadJritura 9 
n.  4F 7,/>.  4f . 

^ofmac3e^  Polonis , 0.  421,  p.  217. 

O o o 2 Laurel - 


I N-  D E X, 

L. 

Laurel- Heater  a Poifon,  418,  />.  84.  ».  42.0,/).  K53. 

—  mix’d  with  Brandy  for  a Dram,  ib.  p.  87. 

—  kills  by  Clyfter,  ib.  p.  89. 

— ■ fome  Antidotes  propofed,  ib.  100,  n.  410,/?.  172. 
Lauro-cerafus , the  diftilled  Water  of  its  Leaves  a Poifon, 

0.  418,  ^.84,  n.  42,0,/).  163. 

Laywell  near  Brixam  in  Devonjhire , a Defcription  of  its  eb- 
bing and  flowing,  n.  424,  p.  303. 

( Richard ) of  an  Aurora  Borealis , w.  418,  p.  tfp. 
_£i'iwvan  extraordinary  Impoftumation  of  it,  #.  420,/).  184. 
Longitude , a Propofal  for  finding  it  at  Sea  within  a Degree, 
by  Dr.  Halley  ^ n.  421,  p.  187. 

Loofenefs , the  Difficulty  of  curing  it,  «.  425*,  p.  3 86. 

M. 

Machin  ( John ) an  uncommon  Cafe  of  a diftemper’d  Skin, 
424,  />.  2pp. 

Madden  (Thomas)  Account  of  two  Women  poifon’d  by  the 
fimple  diftiird  Water  of  Laurel  Leaves,  (ftc.  n . 418, 
p.  84. 

Magnetic  Needle,  an  Account  of  an  unufual  Agitation,  #.417. 

a n* 

Magnetifm  of  Steel,  n.  423,  p.  2P4. 

Marcel  (Arnold)  Abltra£t  of  his  Letter  to  Dr.  Defaguliers , of 
the  Magnetifm  of  Steel,  n.  423,  p.  2P4. 

Majjey  (Dr.  Richard  Middleton)  Account  of  J.  P.  Breynius’s 
Hi  ft.  Nat  Cocci  Radicum  Fin  51  or  ij , &c.  n.  421,  p.  216. 
Maupertuis  ( Petrus  Ludovicus)  de  fignris , quas  Fluida  rot  at  a 
induere  poffunt , Problem  11.  cum  conjettura  de  Stellis , 
aliquando  prodeunt  vel  deficiuni  \ (ft  deannulo  Saturni , 422, 
/.  240. 

Metals  receive  the  ele&ric  Virtue,  n.  417,  p.  22. 
Meteorological  Diaries,  for  1707,  1717,  17163  abftra&ed  by 
William  Derham , ».  42  3 26 1 . 

Meteorologies  Obf.  Patavij  habit , 0.  42 1,/>.  201. 

Ephemerides  Ultrajeftins , Anno  1729,  n.  425, 

/>•  377,  1730,  #.426,/).  408,  1731,  p.  417. 

Michelottus  (Petrus  Antonins)  de  ingenti  Sanguinis  Vornitu  per  - 
quam  gelidijftmis  br untali  tempore  potionibus  cur at 0,  41P, 

I2p. 

Middleton 


z 


INDEX. 

Middleton  (Capt.  Chriftopher)  Obfervations  made  in  nine  Voy- 
ages to  Hudfori* s Bay,  n.  418 , p.  71,  76. 

Miller  {Philip)  Experiments  relating  to  the  Flowering  of 
Bulbous  Plants  upon  Water,  n.  418,/).  81. 

Moon  Eclipfe,  Obfervation  in  New-England^  June  28,  1721, 
n.  423,  p.  272. 

Morbi  ultrajetti  grajfantes , Anno  1722,  n . 427,  p.  3 f 7,  and 
feq.  n.  42(5,  p . 408. 

Mortar , the  Method  of  making  the  bed  at  Madrafs  in  Eaft - 
//ft&i,  by  JfPyke^  n.  422,^.  231, 

Mortifications  cured  by  the  Bark,  n.  426,^.429. 

Mortimer  {Cromwell)  Account  of  /*  j3/0«’s  Printing  and  Wea- 
ving,  n.  419,  101. 

- — - Account  of  Catesbf  s Natural  Hiilory  of 

Carolina , &c.  ».  420,  p.  174,  «.  42(5,  p.  447. 

* — Experiments  concerning  the  poifonous 

Quality  of  Laurel- Water,  n.  420,  p.  163. 

Mafchenbroek  {Petrus  van)  Ephemerides  Ultrajeciin<e,  Anno 
1719,  n.  42f,  p.  35*7,  Annis  1730  6c  173 1,72.426,  p*  408. 
Mufcular* Motion,  n.  424 ,/>.  329. 

Muta  farrica^  n.  424,  />.  339. 

N. 

Nerves , a Fluid  in  them,  0.  424,  />.  327. 

— — do  not  contract  themfelves,  ib.p.  328. 

New- England ^ Obfervations  of  the  Weather  there  for  1717, 
n.  423,  />.  262,  for  1716,  ib.p.  163. 

Nicholls  {Frank)  of  a Polypus  refembling  a Branch  of  the 
Pulmonary  Vein,  coughed  up,  n.  41 9,  p.  123. 

O. 

Obfervations  of  Latitude  and  Variation  from  Java-head  to 
St.  Helena , Anno  17H,  n.  424,  />.  331. 

- made  for  the  Trial  of  Mr.  Hadley's  Quadrant, 

-  - taken  in  nine  Voyages  to  Hudfon' s Bay,  by  Capt, 

C.  Middiet on , fhewing  the  Variation  of  the  Com  pals, 
&V.  418 9p.  71. 

Obfervations  on  the  Weather,  in  a Voyage  to  Hudfon' s Bay , 
by  Capt.  Middleton , ».  418,  />.  76. 

0*,  a large  FolEleSkuU  of  one,  7*.  426,^.  427. 


Paradox* * 


I N D E X. 


P 

Paradox' , a Mechanical,  that  two  Bodies  of  equal  Weight  do 
not  lofe  their  Mquilibrum , by  being  removed,  one  farther 
from,  the  other  nearer  to,  the  Center,  #.419,  p.  127. 

Pereyr a {Andreas)  Ob/  Eclipfis  Soils  1 f Jul.  1730,  n.  420, 
p-  179. 

— - — lmmerf.  £2?  Enter j, \ Satellitum  Jovis  Ob/ 

Pekini  17 29,  /£./>.  182,  1730,  »•  424,7?.  316. 

Plants , Catalogue  of  Fifty,  ».  417, p.  1,  n.  422,  p.  223. 
P//V^  Polonica , rarijjimus , 417,  y>.  yo,  » 426, 

p.  428. 

Plica  Polonica  no  real  Difeafe,  but  owing  to  Naftinefs,  417, 

A P. 

Marchio  Polenus  {Johannes)  Summarium  Ob/ervationum  Me- 
teor ologic arum  Pata-vij  habit , #.421,7?.  201. 

Polygonum  Cocciferum , #.  42 1 , 7?.  21 7. 

Polypus  refembling  a Branch  of  the  Pulmonary  Vein,  coughed 
up  by  ail  afthmatic  Perfon,  #.419,  p.  123. 

Porter  (Dr.  Robert)  Experiment  with  Laurel  Water,  n.  420, 
p.  171. 

Printing  in  Imitation  of  Painting,  n.  419,  p.  101. 

Pyke  { 1/aac ) of  making  Mortar  at  Madrafs  in  Eafl- India , 
n.  422.  7?.  231. 

Qi 

Quadrant  Mr.  Hadley's , 0.  420.7).  147,  0. 427,  p.  341. 

— a new  one  for  taking  Altitudes  without  an  Hori- 
zon, by  John  Elton , #.  423,  p . 273. 

R. 

Rcmhy  {John)  Account  of  a large  Umbilical  Rupture,  ».  422, 
p.  221. 

Rand  {I/aac)  Catalogue  of  yo  Plants,  #.  417,  />.  1,  n.  422, 

/>.  223. 

Robie  {Thomas)  Obfervations  of  the  Weather  in  New- England, 
for  1717,1716,  #.423,7?.  262-3. 

Rupture  Umbilical,  an  Account  of  a large  one  by  John  Ran - 
by , #.  421,  7?.  221. 

Rutty  (Dr.  John)  propofes  Antidotes  to  thePoifon  of  Laurel- 
Water,  n.  418,  p.  100. 

S. 

Saint- John  { Oliver ) Letter  to  Richard  Graham , of  th zArcutio^ 
n.  422,  7?.  276.  Sanguinis 


INDEX. 

Sanguinis  vomit  us  ingens  perqudm  gelidiffimis  potiombus  cur at  as , 
n.  4.191P.  129. 

Saturni  Annulus , 0.422,.^.  2ff. 

iS 'hipton  {Johannes)  de  ufu  Corticis  peruviani  ad  GangrenatnJkc. 
n.  42(5,  p . 434. 

(! Thomas ) Letter  to  Sir  Hans  Sloane , of  an  extraordinary 
Impoftumation  of  the  Liver,  0.  42c,/?.  184. 

diftemper’d,  befet  with  a kind  of  Bri  files  like  a Brufli, 
n.  424,  p.  299. 

Small-pox^  an  Account  of  it  at  Haflings , by  7*.  Frewen->  n.±i  9, 
/>.  108. 

<SW/V  Eclipfis  Julij  if,  1730,  Pekini , 0.  410,  p.  179. 

Sphacelus , 8cc.  Cor  t ice  Peruviano  cur at  us ,0.  426,^.434. 

Spirits , nervous  and  animal,  ill  named,  0.  424,  p . 3 30. 

Sprengell  (Sir  Conrad)  Letter  concerning  the  Plica  Polonica j 
»;  4I7,  />.5I. 

Springs  intermitting  and  reciprocating,  0.  424,  y>.  301. 

* near  Brixam , in  Devonjhire , 0.  424, 

P*  3°3- 

its  Magnetifm,  0.  423,^.  294. 

■ — imparts  Magnetifm  to  other  Steel,  0.  423,  296. 

StelU^qua  aliquando prodeunt  vel  deficiunt,  n.  422,  p.  274. 

Stomachy  a Stn&ure  in  the  Middle  of  it,  in  a Girl,  0.422, 
/>.  260. 

Ele&rical,  0.  417,/.  22. 

( Alexander ) Experiments  to  prove  the  Exiftence  of  a 
Fluid  in  the  Nerves,  0.424,  />.  327. 
iS’/y/zr  Veterum , Sir  John  Clerk , 0.  420,  p.  177. 

T. 

! tapeflry , v/eaving  it  in  the  fame  Manner  as  Brocades,  0.419, 
/>.  iox. 

TWiy,  0.  422,  />.  23 f. 

Triewald  ( Martin ) Letter  relating  to  an  extraordinary  In- 
Aance  of  the  aimoft  inftantaneous  Freezing  of  Water  5 
and  of  Tulips  and  other  bulbous  Plants  flowering  much 
fooner  when  their  Bulbs  are  placed  on  Bottles  filled  with 
Water,  than  when  planted  in  the  Ground,  0.  418 ,/>.  79. 

Tube  made  Ufe  of  by  Mr.  Gray^  in  his  Eledrical  Experiments ^ 
a Defcription  of  it,  0. 417,  p . 20. 

Tuhhfat  ilkibar , a Turkijh  Book,  0.  424,  p>  338. 

Tumour  of  the  Eye,  a large  one,  0.  426,  p>  429, 


Variation , 


INDEX, 


V, 

Variation , Obfervations  of,  n.  42,4,  p.  331. 

of  the  Compafs,  418,  />.  71. 

Vater{Abrahamns)  Plica polonicce  cafus  mrijfimus,n.  41 7,^.  yo. 
Vegetables  Ele&rical,  #.417,  />.  zz. 

Vefuvias , Mount,  an  extraordinary  Eruption  of,  in 
1750,^.414,^33^.  ' 

Upminfler  in  Ejfex9  Obfervations  of  the  Weather  there  [for 
1707,  n.  4.zijp.z6l9  for  1717,  ib.p.  2.61,  for  1716,  ib . 
/*•  zd>3* 

Urine  9 an  extraordinary  Suppreflion  of  it,  in  a Woman, 421. 
A if  P. 

W. 

Water  Ele&rical,  0.  421,  p.  227. 

Water-works  at  London- Bridge , by  //.  B eight  on  9 n.  417,  /?.  y. 


PINT  S. 


^\S 


lllisialli  ■ 


mm