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PHYTOLOGIA 


Designed to expedite botanical publication 


Vol. 17 July, 1968 Nos 


CONTENTS 


GUNN, C. R., Notes on the use of Ca® in determining leaf 
Sipe MCGEE Ton! no Cen y CaM A lta cis DR eve Gack tar tr Garaa Set Ga 


MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Vitex. VIII. . . . 8 


LIBRARY 
AUG 25 1969 


NEW YORK 
BOTANICAL GARDEN 


Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 


303 Parkside Road 
Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 
U.S.A. 


Price of this number, $1; per volume, $6.75, in advance, 
or $7 at close of volume 


NOTES ON THE USE OF calt5 IN DETERMINING LEAF THICKNESS 


Charles R. Gunn 1/ 


Abstract 


The usefulness of leaf thickness as taxonomic character 
can be enhanced by a simple, rapid method of determining dry 
leaf ae thickness. Several experiments were conducted with 
Calcium? testing the principle that thicker laminae absorb 
more soft beta particles than thinner laminae. By measuring 
the changes in particle intensity, mass is obtained; to the de- 
gree that thickness correlates with mass, one has determined the 
thickness. Shards of Magnolia grandiflora L., Asimina triloba 
(L.) Dunal, and Vicia americana Willd. were used. Results of 
these tests indicate that there is a correlation between the a- 
mount of beta particles passing through the laminae of dry 
leaves and the thickness of the laminae. 


Introduction 


leaf characters are commonly used in taxonomic treatments. 
leaf thickness, if reported, usually is determined by inspec- 
tion. Aside from this empirical method, there is apparently no 
simple method of ascertaining thickness. Thickness has been 
determined by 1) use of cursory examination, 2) use of either 
freehand or microtome sections in conjunction with an optical- 
measurement system, 3) use of a micrometer or, 4) use of a 
punch-weigh system. The section-optical-measurement system is 
not simple; the micrometer method results in large error; and 
the punch-weighing system is time consuming and cannot be ap- 
plied to leaves with narrow laminae. The usefulness of leaf 
thickness as a taxonomic character would be augmented if objec- 
tive measurement techniques were available. 


Radioactive isotopes, as the sources of beta particles for 
determining thickness, have had practical application in indus- 
try. Zumwalt (1954) reported two common uses of beta particles 
in industry. These are the determination of the thickness of 
continuously moving materials, and the concentrations of solu- 
tions. Measurements are based on two principles. The absorp- 
tion of the beta particles as they pass through a material 


1/ Research Plant Taxonomist, Crops Research Division, 
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 
Beltsville, Maryland 20705 

al 


2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 


provides an indication of the thickness of the material. The 
degree of backscattering of beta particles from a substance 
also can be used to determine thickness. 


The principle of absorption of beta particles as they pass 
through a material is applicable to leaf studies. The few in- 
vestigations that have been published are concerned with water 
content of leaves, leaf thickness being a complicating variable 
(Nakayama and Ehrler, 1964; and Yamada, et al., 1958). No ref- 
erence has been found to studies undertaken from the taxonomic 
point of view. 


When a leaf is irradiated with beta particles, the inten- 
sity of the rays decreases as a result of interaction with the 
leaf. Thickness may be calculated from the equation 

I=te™ 
where d is the weight per unit area and p the absorption coef- 
ficient (a constant, which is determined only by the maximum 
energy of the, beta particles and is peculiar to the nuclide 
used); for Cat? it is 0.128. The logarithmic constant e is 
2.718, I_ is the unmodified intensity, and I is the modified 
intensity. When d=0, I=I Therefore when thickness is meas- 
ured by using beta particles, the expression is not in units of 
distance, but in units of weight per unit area, e.g., milligrams 
per square centimeter. The results can also be reported as 
counts per unit of time from a standardized source. By insert- 
ing the leaf between the radiation source and the Geiger-Muller 
(GM) tube, the intensity of the radiation changes proportion- 
ately to the leaf mass. Thus by measuring such intensity 
changes, mass is obtained; to the degree that thickness corre- 
lates with mass, one has determined the thickness. 


Not all beta sources are amenable to herbarium leaf stud- 
ies. Sources such as Strontium”®, Yttriun?, and Radium D&E 
(all used in industry) are not useful in leaf studies because 
of the strong Fiano = capacity of their beta particles. 
Sources such as Calcium’? and Sulpher are applicable because 
of the weaker penetration capacity of their beta rays. The for 
mer have been labelled hard sources, the latter soft sources. 


Materials and Methods 


A Radiation Counter Laboratories Scaler-ratemeter, model 
20324 was used to measure and record the beta radiation (Fig. 
1). The lead shields covering the plastic planchets (Fig. 2) 
holding the sources contained 300 milligrams of lead per square 
centimeter. This thickness of lead absorbed the radiation from 
all sources tested. The holes drilled through the shields were 
1/16 inch in diameter. These holes allowed the passage of beta 


1968 Gunn, Determining leaf thickness 3 


rays from the source through the shield and test material to the 
GM tube. Since the isotopes were not uniformly distributed in 
the matrices, the shields were taped to the planchets. The 
distance between the source and the test material was 2.5 m.; 
the distance between the tested material and the GM tube, 11 

mm. The background count averaged 9.2 counts per minute with 4 
range of 11.8 to 6.3 counts per minute. The high voltage var- 
ied from 810 to 830, usually holding steady at 820, a setting 
recommended by the manufacturer. 


Sixty herbarium sheets of Vicia americana and its varieties 
(Gunn, 1968) were selected to represent the variation of leaf- 
let thickness in its North American range. The leaflets were 
selected at random from these sheets. The count per minute 
from the open source was + 2700. 


A single leaflet of Vicia americana Willd. was tested for 
one half hour; readings were taken every minute using a l-hole 
plate. When the resulting information was analyzed by means 
of maximum curvature, it was found that a 3-minute count inter- 
val was sufficient. 


The thickness of V. americana leaflet shards was also meas 
ured by using a compound microscope equipped with an ocular 
micrometer and an oblique above-stage microscope light. The 
measurements were recorded in increments of 11.1 microns, round- 
ed to the nearest whole number. 


Results and Discussion 


Saran Wrap with calt5 as the beta producing isotope was used 


to test the equation I=I,e - in a sequence of tests, layers 
of Saran Wrap were added (from 1 to 13) to the top of a one-hole 
plate, and readings were taken every 3 minutes. In Fig. 3 the 
layers of Saran Wrap were plotted against the log of the counts 
per minute producing nearly a straight line. These results il- 
lustrate that thickness can be determined by counting the beta 
particles that are not absorbed by the test material. The line- 
ar arrangement of the averaged counts per minute in Fig. 3 
proves this point. The extension of this concept from a homo- 
geneous material (Saran Wrap) to a hetergeneous material (leaf 
laminae) was tested. 


Radium D&E, Carbon 14, and Calcium 45 were surveyed with 
shards of two test leaves taken from herbarium (dry) material 
possessing obvious differences in thickness, Magnolia grandi- 
flora (magnolia) and Asimina triloba (pawpaw). Of the three 
isotopes used, only Ca’? gave results which were commensurate 
with the 8.1 thickness ration of dried magnolia and pawpaw. 
The results from the Radium D&E test were inconclusive, since 
there was more intra- than inter-leaf variation. Readings 


h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, now 1 


obtained from cl were too close to the background count to be 
usable. 


Before testing Cat® on the other leaves, lead shields with 
1, 2, and 3 holes (Fig. 2) were used with the magnolia and paw- 
paw leaves. In Fig. 4 each dot represents five, 3-minute counts 
averaged. Based on the repults of the 3-hole test when compared 
to the l-hole test, the Ca ? concentration was trebled in Vicia 
americana leaflet tests. This increased the l-minute count 
through a 1/16 inch diameter aperature from + 385 to + 2700 
counts per minute, a seven-fold increase. 


Magnolia shards with the red indumentum of hairs intact 
absorbed as much beta radiation as the same shards when denuded. 
This indicates that pubescence is not a factor affecting the 
outcome of this type of thickness determination. 


When the leaflets of Vicia americana were introduced into 
the system, the counts ranged from O46 (the thickest leaflet) to 
1874 (the thinnest leaflet). These counts were converted to 
logs and plotted against the measurements recorded in microns 
obtained from the optical system. These results are given in 
Fig. 5. The larger dots represent the 95 percent confidence 
limits of the population means. The means are represented by 
the smaller dots. The decrease in the counts per minute with 
the increase of leaflet thickness indicates a direct relation- 
ship between leaflet thickness and the amount of absorbed beta 
particles. A comparison of Figs. 3 and 5 reveals that while 
the leaflet means are more variable than the Saran Wrap means, 
the test did measure leaflet thickness. An analysis of the 
leaflet data indicates that 57 percent (r°=56.94) of the vari- 
ation in the counts per minute can be attributed to the thick- 
ness of the leaflets. 


The measurements in microns are at best an estimate. 
Therefore, the 57 percent correlation figure may be low because 
of errors in the measurement system. Additional tests on other 
leaves using other standards would help to establish the cor- 
rect correlation between true leaf thickness and the amount of 
absorbed beta particles. 


Literature 


Gunn, C. R. 1968. The Vicia americana complex (Leguminosae). 
Ia. Jour. Scie. 42(3):171-215. 


Nakayama, F. S. and W. L. Ehrler. 1964. Beta ray gauging 
techniques for measuring leaf water contents changes and 
moisture status of plants. Plant Physiology 39(1):95-98. 


1968 Gunn, Determining leaf thickness 


Yamada, Y. S. Tamai, and T. Miyaguchi. 1961. A-19. The 
measurement of thickness of leaves using S39, AEC-tr- 
4482, Translation Series. U.S.A.E.C. 


Zumwalt, L. R. 1954. The best performance from beta gauges. 
Nucleonies 12(1):55-58. 


Mention of material by trade-name implies no preference 
over similar equipment made by other manufacturers. 


PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 


Fig. 1. Radiation Counter Laboratories Scaler-ratemeter, model 
20324. 


Fig. 2. A 2-hole lead shield taped to a planchet and carrying 
slide with a Vicia americana leaflet. 


1968 Gunn, Determining leaf thickness 7 


PAWPAW 
Meo yl 


COUNTS PER MINUTE 


LOG OF COUNTS PEE MINUTE + 7 


(op oF a 


1-HOLE 2-HOLE 3-HOLE 
LEAD SHIELDS 


Fig. 3. Layers of ig Wrap plotted against logs of counts per Fig. 4. Pawpaw and magnolia lgat shards tested with l-, 2-, and 
minute plus 2. Ca‘? count per minute vas 4 2700. Zobole lead shields. The Ca‘? count per minute was # 355. 


» 
8 
se 


370 


LOG OF COUNTS PER MINUTE 
rm) 
8 


310 


LEAFLET THICKNESS IN MICRONS 


Fig. 5. Wicita americana leaflets thickness in ptcrpas plotted 
against the logs of the count per minute. The Ca 5 count per 
minute was ¢ 2700. The larger dots represent the 95% 
confidence limits of the population means. The smaller dots 
represent the population means. 


ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS VITEX. VIII 


Harold N. Moldenke 


VITEX KUYLENII Standl. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 502. 1968. 
Additional citations: GUATEMALA: Izabal: Jones & Face 3500 
(W—2565868); Jones, Proctor, & Facey 3031 (W—2565867). BRITISH 

HONDURAS: Gentle 5551 (Mi). 


VITEX KWEICHOWENSIS P'ei 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 251. 1967. 
The Tsiang 5831 collection, cited below, is marked "paratype" 
on its label, but the original description of the species by P'ei 
plainly designated Tsiang 6317 as the type collection. I see no 
valid reason for giving any other collection a type designation. 
Additional citations: CHINA: Kweichow: Tsiang 5831 (W—157515l). 


VITEX LANUGINOSA Mohl 
; eg Vitex lanuginosus Mohl, Beitr. Anat. & Physiol. Gew. 
85. 183). 
Bibliography: Mohl, Beitr. Anat. & Physiol. Gew. 85. 183); 
Mohl, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 2, 3: 319. 1835; Selling, Bishop 
Mus. Spec. Publ. 38: 27h, 275, & fai. 1947. 
I know nothing about this plant beyond what is given in the 
bibliography above. It seems most probable that the binomial is 
the result of a typographic error or an error in copying. 


VITEX LEUCOXYLON L. f., Suppl. Pl. 293. 1781 [not V. leucoxylon 
Blanco, 1895, nor Naves, 1918, nor Roth, 1956, nor Roxb., 
1814, nor Span., 1856, nor Schau., 1893}. 

Additional synonymy: Vitex leucoxylon Willd. ex Roxb., Fl. 
Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 7h--75. 1832. 

Additional & emended bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. 
Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 963 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 963. 1796; Pers., 
Sp. Pl. 3: 361. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Roxb., 
Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 7h & 75. 1832; Gamble, Man. Ind. 
Timb., ed. 1, 298. 1881; Watt, Econ. Prod. India 5: 29) (1883), 

6: 191 (1883), and 7: 255. 1883; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 2, 

542. 1902; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 832 & 833. 1903; Gamble 

Fl. Presid. Madras 2: 1102 & 1103. 192k; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: {78 

& 89. 1931; H. F. MacMillan, Trop. Plant. & Gard., ed. 5, pr. 3, 

197, 198, & 529. 1962; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 621, 622, & 

1012. 1963; Sen & Naskar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 60. 1965; Se- 

bastine & Ramamurthy, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 180. 1966; Molden- 

ke, Phytologia 15: 253 & 316 (1967) and 16: 500 & 501. 1968. 

Jain (1963) records this species from Madhya Pradesh, India, 
while Sebastine & Ramamurthy found only a "few" in Madras, citing 
a National Herbarium mmber 16096. Prain (1963) records it from 

8 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 9 


Orissa, but comments "on islands in the river Mahanadi; perhaps 
only introduced". He cites the first of the Watt references 
given by me in the bibliography above as "E. D. 5: 160", but 
this appears to be a paragraph reference, not a page reference! 
An additional vernacular name recorded for the plant is "kaddu- 
nochchi", 

Additional citations: CULTIVATED: India: Herb. Drake s.n. 
[Hort. Bot. Calcutt.] (W--2),97125) . 


VITEX LIMONIFOLIA Wall. 

Additional synonymy: Vitex limonifolia "Wall. ex Kurz" apud 
Deb, Bull. Bot, Surv. India 3: 315. 1961. Vitex aminifolia Wall., 
in herb. ; to ae aes 

Additional bibliography: Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 1, 296 
(1881) and ed. 2, 541. 1902; A. Chev., Cat. Pl. Jard. Bot. Saigon 
36. 1919; Deb, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: 315. 1961; Moldenke, 
Phytologia 15: 253—25h. 1967. 

Chevalier (1919) records this species as cultivated in Viet- 
nam under the common name of "binh linh vang". In Burma it is 
called "kyungaukmre", In Thailand the name "tin nok" is applied 
both to this species and to V. peduncularis Wall. Deb (1961) 
says of the plant "shoots hairy or wooly, petiole broadly winged, 
panicles long branched, fulvous hairy" and cites Mukerjee 293. 

Banterngsuk describes the plant as a large tree, common in 
dry deciduous forests in Thailand; Rock also refers to it as a 
common tree in that country. It has been collected in anthesis 
also in July and December. The corollas on Banterngsuk 6 are de- 
scribed as having been "purple". 

Additional citations: BURMA: Herb. Burma Forest School 22 


(W—17166h4); Huk s.n. [Burma, 1890] (W--73891). THAILAND: 
Banterngsuk 6 [Herb. Roy. Forest Dept. 1991] (W--206782); Rock 
166 (W--1171368, W--1171369). 


VITEX LONGISEPALA King & Gamble 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 254-255 & 
325. 1967. 


VITEX LUCENS T. Kirk 

Additional bibliography: Allan, Fl. N. Zeal. 1: 959-960. 
1961; D. Price, Contrib. N. S. Wales Nat. Herb. 3: 194. 1961; 
Seikel, Chow, & Feldman, Phytochem. 5: 39-55. 1966; J. S. 
Beard, Journ. Ecol. 55: 277. 1967; Seikel, Chow, & Feldman, Biol. 
Abstr. 8: 9450. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 255--256 (1967) 
and 16: 501. 1968. 

Seikel and her associates (1966) report that the wood of this 
species is a rich source of glycoflavonoid (C-glycosylflavonoid) 
compounds. In addition to the previously described apigenin de— 
rivatives vitexin (l',5,7-trihydroxyl-8-C-glucopyranosylflavone) 
and isovitexin (the 6-C-glucosyl isomer), the corresponding lu- 
teolin derivatives orientin and isoorientin have been discovered. 
Compounds of vitexin and orientin, which have xylose attached to 


10 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 


the 8-glucosyl group, are also present. The most unusual constit- 
uents are wight compounds which appear to be 6,$-di-C-glycosyl 
derivatives of apigenin and luteolin. Several compounds in each 
series are inter-convertible in hot acidic solution. 

Beard (1967) speaks of a V. glabrata which is one of the main 
members of the broadleaf tree level in Australia along with Eu- 
calyptus and Terminalia., He is undoubtedly here referring to V. 
lucens. 


VITEX MADIENSIS Oliv. 
Additional bibliography: A. Chev., Sudania 1: 11. 1911; Mol- 
denke, Phytologia 15: 257--260. 1967. 


VITEX MADIENSIS var. BAUMII Pieper 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 258-259. 
1967. 

Additional citations: ANGOLA: Bie-Cuando-—Cubango: E. J. Mendes 
2632 (Rf). 


VITEX MADIENSIS var. MILANJIENSIS (Britten) Pieper 
peat bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 259--260. 
1967. 

The corollas on Lewalle 2255 are described as having been 
"rose violacé clair", on his 1328 as "bleuté", on 2296 as 
"blanc sale", and on 2355 as "blanc et bleu". This collector 
has encountered this plant growing at 900 meters altitude. 

Additional citations: BURUNDI: Lewalle 03 (Ac), 1115 (Ac), 
1328 (Ac, Rf), 2296 (Ac), 2355 (Ac, Rf). ANGOLA: Huila: Goss- 
weiler 13) (Rf). 


VITEX MASONIANA Pittier 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 260. 1967. 

Recent collectors describe this plant as a tree, 50—75 feet 
tall [Allen says "50 m.", but surely in error], with a trunk di- 
ameter of 6-~15 inches at breast height, coarse leaves, and fruit 
brown and "fruity in odor", green when immature, growing at the 
edge of roads, at 15—l,00 meters altitude, in anthesis also in 
February and March, in immature fruit in June and in mature fruit 
in October. Allen describes it as "infrequent" in Darién. The 
corollas are described as having been "white" on J. A. Duke 8387, 
"lavender" on P. H. Allen 265, and "blue" on P. H. Allen 4588 and 
J. A. Duke 978). Vernacular names for the tree are reported as 
"Ncuajado", "kwidi machi", and "pu-pu-chiru". The specific epithet 
is often uppercased. Duke assures us that the tree is not used 
by the Chocoi Amerinds in Panama. 

The H. Pittier 6604, distributed as V. masoniana, is actually 
V. floridula Duchass. & Walp. 

Additional citations: PANAMA: Darien: P. H. Allen 265 (E— 
1191569), 4588 (E--1572218); J. A. Duke 8367 (Rf), 13116 (Ac), 
1639 (Ac, E—1909076); Stern, Chambers, Dwyer, & Ebinger 299 (E— 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 12: 


1757555), 903 (E--1757560). Panam4: J. A. Duke 14189 (E~- 


1909075). COLOMBIA: Chocé: J. A. Duke 9764 (Oh). 


VITEX MEGAPOTAMICA (Spreng.) Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: Schnitzl., Icon. Fam. Nat. Reg. Veg. 
137. 1856; Rosengurtt, Estud. Prad. Nat. Urug. 5: 394. 1946; Rios 
de Moura Baptista, Anais XV Congr. Soc. Bot. Bras. 200. 196h3 
Dombrowski & Kuniyoshi, Araucariana 1: 1). 1967; Anon., Biol. Ab- 
str. 8 (20): S.181. 1967; Rimpler & Schulz, Tetrahed. Lett. 22: 
20332035. 1967; Rimpler & Schulz, Biol. Abstr. 8: 9253. 19673 
Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 261--263. 1967. 

Recent collectors describe this plant as a tree, 8 m. tall, 
growing in forests and at forest margins, at 500 to 1000 meters 
altitude, with the vernacular names "flor anil" and "taruffa". 

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parand: Hatschbach 15363 (W-- 
2564724). Rio Grande do Sul: Rambo 37993 (B), 4520 (B), 

49270 (B), 51795 (B). Santa Catarina: Smith & Klein 116) (N). 
ARGENTINA: Misiones: A. G. Schulz 7151 (N). 


VITEX MEGAPOTAMICA f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 263. 1967. 
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parané: Hatschbach 13392 (W— 
256667); Hatschbach & Guimar&es 15151 (W--2563953, Z). 


VITEX MICRANTHA Gttrke 

Additional bibliography: Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromosome Numb. 1: 
54. 1958; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 263—26 & 31). 1967; N. H. 
A. Cole, Bull. Inst. Fond. Afr. Noire 30: 107. 1968. 

Cole (1968) reports that this species grows among trees in 
matured secondary forests on slopes in Sierra Leone, flowering 
in February and March. Cave (1958) reports the diploid chromo- 
some number for the species as 32. 


VITEX a hag H.E.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio, 2: 199. 
I5Ly. 

Additional & emended synonymy: Vitex mollis Humb. & Bonpl. 
apud Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821. Vitex trifolia Sessé 
& Moc. ex Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 52, in 
syn. 19)0 [not V. trifolia Graham, 1966, nor Kemsl., ishs, nor 
L., 1753, nor L. f., 1895, nor Moon, 1895, nor Vahl, 191, nor 
"sensu Matsumura & Hayata", 1963]. 

Additional & emended bibliography: H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 
Pl., ed. folio, 2: 199 (1817) and ed. quart., 2: 25. 1818; 
Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Barnhart, Bull, Torrey 
Bot. Club 29: 590. 1902; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 26--267 
(1967) and 16: 495. 1963. 

It should be noted that the H.B.K. reference dates given a- 
bove have been authenticated by consultation of the work on 
this subject by Barnhart (1902). 

The corollas are described as having been "purple" on J. 


12 PHY DO.d) Oo Grd, A Vol. 17, now 1 


Rzedowski 2207 and the plant was collected in a deciduous tropi~- 
cal forest. A note on the sheet states that "one digit [is] mis- 
sing in [the] collection no, given". What that missing digit is 
has not been determined. 

Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: F. Miranda 818) (W— 
250835). México: J. Rzedowski 2207 (Mi). Morelos: Pringle 6993 
(Ms—3091,8) . 


VITEX MOMBASSAE Vatke 

Additional bibliography: Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk, Med. & Poi- 
son, Pl. S. Afr., ed. 2, 1055 & 1454. 1962; Moldenke, Phytologia 
15: 266—267. 1967; Friedrich-Holzhammer in Merm., Prodr. Fl. 
Stidw. Afr. 122: 10. 1967. 

Additional citations: ANGOLA: Huila: E. J. Mendes 1625 (Rf). 
PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA: Mozambique: M. F. Correira 119 (Rf). 


VITEX NEGUNDO L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 638. 1753 [not V. negundo Cur- 
tis, 1832, nor Lour., 1934, nor Noronha, 1790]. 

Additional & emended synonymy: Vitex negunda Willd. ex Roxb., 
Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 70. 1832 [not V. negunda Mill., 1768}. 
Vitex leucoxylon Blanco apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew., pr. 1, 2: 121k, in syn. 1895 [not V. leucoxylon L., 1829, 
nor L. f., 1781, nor Roth, 1956, nor Roxb., 181), nor Schau., 
1893, nor Span., 1856, nor Wall., 187, nor Willd., 1832]. Vitex 
negundo L. f. apud Naithani, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 260. 1966. 
Vitex trifolia Graham ex Chavan & Oza, Mahar. Savaj. Univ. Baroda 
Bot. Mem. 1: 187, in syn. 1966 [not V. trifolia Hemsl., 1949, nor 
L., 1753, nor L. f., 1895, nor Moon, 1895, nor Sessé & Moc., 
isho, nor Vahl, 191, nor "sensu Matsumura & Hayata", 1963]. 

Additional & emended bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. 
Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 963 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 963. 17963 Pers., 
Sp. Pl. 3: 361. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888, 1821; Roxb., 
Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 70 & 71. 18323 Hook. & Arn., Bot. 
Beech. Voy. 206. 1836; Schnitzl., Icon. Fam. Nat. Reg. Veg. 137. 
1856; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 1, 297. 1881; Watt, Econ. Prod. 
India 5: 29) (1883) and 7: 255. 1883; Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. 
13h. 1885; Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 6 (4): 248—250. 1893; 
Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 2, 539-—5l0. 1902; Prain, Beng. Pl., 
ed. 1, 2: 832 & 833. 1903; Duthie, Fl. Upper Gang. Plain 2: 22). 
1911; R. N. Parker, For. Fl. Punjab 39). 1918; A. Chev., Cat. Pl. 
Jard., Bot. Saigon 36. 1919; Gamble, Fl. Presid. Madras 2: 1101 & 
1102. 192); Hosokawa, Journ. Soc. Trop, Agr. Taiwan 6: 206. 193k; 
Selling, Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. 38: 274, 275, & 411. 19h7; Li & 
Keng, Taiwania 1 (2—-l): 127. 1950; Kuck & Tongg, Mod. Trop. 
Gard. 77 & 236. 1955; Encke, Pareys Blumengtrtn., ed. 2, 46. 
1960; Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromosome Numb. 2: 137. 1961; Deb, Bull. 
Bot. Surv. India 3: 315. 19613 H. F. MacMillan, Trop. Plant. & 
Gard., ed. 5, pr. 3, 198 & 366. 1962; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 2, 

2: 621, 622, & 1012. 1963; Sharma & Mukhopadhyay, Journ. Genet. 
58: 359, 366, 376, 383, & 539, pl. LL, fig. 30. 1963; Maheshwari, 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 13 


Fl. Delhi 281. 1963; A. Banerjee in Lahiri, West Beng. Forests 
56. 1964; Puri, Jain, Mukerjee, Sarup, & Kotwal, Rec. Bot, Surv. 
India 19: 107. 1964; Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromosome Numb, 2: 331 (196)) 
and 2: 438. 1965; Banerji, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 19: 75. 1965; 
Sen & Naskar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 60. 1965; M. S. Mani, 
Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 11. 1965; B. C. Stone, Micronesica 2: 
132. 1966; S. V. Ramaswami, Study Flow. Pl. Bangalore [thesis] 
xxix, 1029--1039, & 1467. 1966; Panigrahi, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 
8: 3, 4, & 11. 1966; Panigrahi & Joseph, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 
8: 151. 1966; Matthew, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 16). 1966; Bala~ 
pure, Bull, Bot. Surv. India 8: 190 & 19. 1966; Jain & De, Bull. 
Bot. Surv. India 8: 27. 1966; Naithani, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 
8: 260. 1966; Rao & Rabha, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 301. 1966; 
J. L. Ellis, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 337. 1966; Santapau, Bull. 
Bot. Surv. India 8: 39. 1967; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 8: 10560. 
1967; R. R. Stewart, Pakistan Journ. Forest. 17: 515. 1967; Mol- 
denke, Phytologia 15: 30h—311 (1967) and 16: 493-95, 500, & 
501. 1968; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 9: 851 (1968) and 9 (2): 8. 
72 & S.186. 1968. 

It should be noted here that the Vitex trifolia of Hemsley, 
referred to in the synonymy above, as well as that of "sensu 
Matsumura & Hayata", is a synonym of V. trifolia var. simplici- 
folia Cham., that accredited to Moon is V. altissima L. f., that 
accredited to Vahl is V. triflora Vahl, that of Sess& & Mocifio 
is V. mollis H.B.K., while that of Linnaeus is a valid species, 
with the homonym accredited the Linnaeus the younger as a syno- 
nym. The V. leucoxylon of Linnaeus the younger is a valid spe- 
cies, with the homonym accredited to Linnaeus the elder as a 
synonym, as well as that ascribed to Willdenow, while the V. 
leucoxylon accredited to Schauer is V. glabrata R. Br., that 
ascribed to Roth and to Roxburgh is V. glabrata var. bombacifo- 
lia (Wall.) Moldenke, that accredited to Spanoghe is V. parvi- 
flora A. L. Juss. and that ascribed to Wallich is V. leucoxylon 
L. f. 

Aggarwal & Mukherjee (1963) state that this plant, along 
with Clerodendrum inerme, Cyperus stoloniferus, and Sporobolus 
maderaspatanus, play an important réle in stabilizing dunes on 
Rameswaram Island and Krusadi Island, but surely the typical 
form of the species is not here being referred to -- probably it 
is V. trifolia var. simplicifolia Cham. to which reference is 
here being made. 

Balapure (1966) records V. negundo from Madhya Pradesh, where 
he found it growing in moist shady places along riverbanks and 
"very common" in waste places, along roadsides, and on riverbanks. 
Rao & Sastry (196) also refer to it as common along watercourses 
in that state. Ellis (1966) records it from Andhra Pradesh and 
cites a National Herbarium no. 15911. Jain (1963) found it in 
Gujerat, Rao & Rabha (1966) in Assam, and Santapau (1967) in Sau- 
rashtra. Bhattacharyya (196) reports it as "common" in Uttar 
Pradesh. Panigrahi and his associates (196) found it to be "a- 


ly P Hexst10ub OrG A Vol. 17, now 1 


bundant on river banks" in Orissa; Lau describes it as abundant 
in dry sandy soil on Hainan Island. 

Jain & De (1966) report that in West Bengal, where it is know 
as "begna" and "ichur", a decoction is made of the leaves which 
is given with Andrographis and/or Hyoscyamus to cure coughs, gout, 
and symptoms related to colds and the leaves are used for fumiga- 
ting huts to remove flies and mosquitoes, citing Jain 7903. Muk- 
erjee (1965) also avers that V. negundo is a common on shrub in the 
villages of West Bengal. Kuck & Tongg (1955) point out that it 
is wind-resistant and grows rapidly and irregularly. Janardhanan 
(1963) found it to be scarce in Maharashtra, where it is called 
"nirgud" or "nirgundi", and where the leaves are used as a tonic 
and vermifuge and the leaf-juice by the local population to re- 
move fetid discharges and worms from ulcers. 

Joseph (1963) found the plant "fairly common near streams" in 
Madhya Pradesh, while Malick (1966) describes it as "common" in 
West Bengal and cites Chatterji 3. Panigrahi & Joseph (1966) 
claim that it is "abundant" in Nefa and cite a National Herbarium 
no. 16788. Panigrahi (1966) reports it as "abundant on dry open 
flat hilltops" and on hill slopes in Bihar and cites no. 11891. 
Ramaswamy (196) encountered it growing along riverbanks with 
Phyla nodiflora under a thick growth of Salix tetrasperma in 
Bangalore and also in hedges there. Naithani (1966) refers to it 
as "rare" and cites no. 23873. Vidal (1885) cae Cuming 1886. 
Deb (1963) reports that the species inhabits moist and dry decid- 
uous forests. 

Maheshwari (1963) describes V. negundo as it occurs in Delhi, 
India: "Flower clusters lax, in a widely spreading panicle; leaf- 
lets mostly broader [than in ve agnus-castus].....A shrub or 
small tree. Branchlets quadrangular, densely white-tomentose. 
Leaflets 3-5, 10--17 x 2.5—-l cm., petiolulate, lanceolate, 
acuminate, white-tomentose beneath. Flowers lavender to blue, in 
loose clusters, arranged in a large terminal panicle. Drupes 
black. Planted in gardens, lawns and along railway lines. Com- 
mon in the Bangar tract on raised bunds along the roads. The 
warmed leaves are applied to painful and rheumatic swellings; the 
macerated ones are used as cooling medicine on the forehead in 
headache. Local name: Sambhalu. Flowers: Major part of the year.!' 
He cites Maheshwari 118 & 689. Banerji (1965) cites his no. 536. 

Prain (1963) records the s) species from Bihar and Chota Nagpur _ 
and gives the following additional vernacular names for it: 
"begunia" and "sandbhalu". Banerjee (1964) records the name 
"sindubara" for it, while Stewart (1967) tells us that the species 
is very common "in graveyards and near streams" in Swat, Pakistan, 
while Chevalier (1919) reports it cultivated in Vietnam *under the 
name "c&y ngu trdu". 

Cave. (1961, 196), 1965) reports the haploid number of chromo- 
somes as 12 and the diploid as 26 and 3). 

MacMillan (1962) reiterates that in India the leaves and bark 
of this plant are used in the treatment of toothache, rheumatism, 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 15 


and eye diseases, as well as for a tonic, carminative, and vermi- 
fuge. Watt (1893) includes V. bicolor Willd. and V. arborea Desf. 
in the synonymy of V. negundo. The latter, however, is a synonym 
of V. negundo fie alba Ptei, while the former is V. trifolia var. 
bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke 

It should perhaps be noted here that the V. negundo accredited 
to Curtis is actually V. negundo var. heterophylla a (Franch.) Rehd., 
that accredited to Loureiro is V. quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will., 
while that of Noronha is V. pinnata L. 

Encke (1960) describes V. negundo as follows: "Indien bis Ost~ 
asien und Malesien. Juli--August. Bis  m hoher, baumartiger 
Strauch. Bl#¥tter fingerftrmig-5z¢%hlig, mit linealisch-lanzett— 
lichen, gez%hnten, 5--10 cm langen Bl&ttchen. Bltften in end- 
stindigen, 15--20 cm langen zusammengesetzten Rispen, lila oder 
lavendelblau. uh 

The species has been collected in fruit in July as well as in 
the months previously recorded. Ching states that it is "common" 
along roadsides in Kwangsi, while Rodin describes it as "common 
along streambanks" in Swat. The corollas are described as having 
been "pink" on Liang 6661, "purplish" on R. C. Ching 5150, 
"blue-purple" on n Koelz 2 137, "bluish" on Taam 1728, and "blue" on 
Rodin 5427, Tsang 5.n, Sone [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 16629], and E. H. 


Wilson . 10972. A note accompanying Clemens & Clemens 380) indi- 
cates that the species occurs wild and also in cultivation in 
Annan. 

Material has been widely misidentified and distributed in 
herbaria under the names V. agnus-castus L., V. incisa Lam., V. 
negundo var. cinnmabifolia (S. & Ze) Metcalf, ve trifolia Ls, and 
even Buddleia asiatica Lour,. 

There seem definitely to be at least two forms of what is cur- 
rently being regarded as the typical form of this species. One 
of these bears a striking similarity to the typical form of V. 
trifolia L. [e.g., Babu Ram 99, Hafizthan s.n. [Balakoli], Rodin 
5h27, S. N. Singh 18 [3.8.2 & 11.1.25], and R. R. Stewart 17067]. 

The other form is more typical of what I regard as V. as V. negundo 
in the strict sense. Examples are Barchet 556, H. H. Bartlett 
6267, R. ©. Ching 5450, Clemens & Clemens 380k, erase 196, A. 
Henry D2 & 9750, “Koelz 3147, Ge O. 0. Levine s.: Son. [Herb. Canton 
Chr. Coll. 376), Liang ang 6,661, Nagazawa Son. [July ies8. Peng, 
Tak, & Kin s.n. (Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 12670], Poilane 8130, 
Taam 1728, Tanaka 97, Tanaka & Shimada 17878, E. H. H, Wilson 1697, 
and - Ying 1263. The complex needs further study. It is very 
possible that V. negundo and V, trifolia hybridize where they 
grow together. _ 

Barchet 556 appears to be a mixture with var. cannabifolia 
(Sieb. & Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. The Rock 3880, 5055, & 90LL dis- 
tributed originally as V. negundo, ar are all cotypes of Se alba 


16 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 


P'ei; Ling vie & sen. (Herb. Univ. Nanking 9386], as well as 


Herb. Univ. Nanking 9366, appear to be var. heterophylla (Franch. ) 
Rehd.; and thiac 2704, R R. C. Ching 229, Farges s a.Be, Pung 21196, 


1105, 14580, & 1877h, “petelot 117 1170, “Rook 6961, Si 27733 & rear 
27843, Tsiang & P'ei S725, Tsui 303, E. H. Wilson 790 & 2702, and 
Zimmermann 2 appear to represent var. intermedia (P'ei) Moldenke. 
It is, however, very obvious that the named varieties grade into 


each other in most confusing fashion, 
I am not at all certain of the true identity of the Herb. Post 


s.n. [Hamath, Aug. 188], cited below. It was origimlly identi- 
fied and distributed as V. agnus-castus L., but most certainly 
cannot be that species in its restricted sense. It may be a ma- 
ture fruiting specimen of V. agnus-castus var. pseudo~negundo 
Hausskn., but it also greatly resembles V. negundo. 

Additional citations: SYRIA: Herb. Post s.n. [Hamath, Aug. 
1884] (W—805058). PAKISTAN: Swat: Rodin 5427 (W—22),2322) . 
INDIA: East Punjab: Koelz 3147 (W—1667937), bb 4137 (W—1607992) . 
Mussoorie: R. R. Stewart 17067 (W-—-1992176). Siwalik & Jaunsar: 
Babu Ram 99 CW 70327). Uttar Pradesh: Crovalti 81 [July] (W— 
1372659) , “81 [November] (W—-1372659); Mohammed s.n. [13.7629] (We 
1716645), sen. [5.11.29] (W--17166)5); K. Singh 80 (W—1347706); 
S. N. Singh 16 [3.8.2h] (W—1347745), 18 (11.1.25] (W~13L,77h5) . 
CEYLON: Fraser 196 (W--73890). CHINA: Chekiang: Barchet 556, in 
part (W--596118). Hupeh: E. H. Wilson 121 (W—596717), 2701 
(W--77769). Kiangsi: E. He Wilson 1697 7 (W--77729). Kwangsi: 
R. C. Ching 54:50 (W--121,8670). Kwangtung: C. O. Levine s.n. 
(Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 376] (W—778695) ; Peng, Tak, & Kin s.n. 
(Herb, Canton Chr. Coll. 12670) (W-—-12)7923); Ying g 1263 (i 
1513156). Yttnan: A. Henry 9750 (W—l57296). CHINESE COASTAL 


ISLANDS: Hainan: S. K. Lau 298 (W--162916h); Liang 6,661 (W-— 
1671297). Lantau: Tsang s.n. (Herb. Lingnan Univ. 16629] (Ww— 
12,9326). HONGKONG: Taam 1728 (W--22),)}633). INDOCHINA: Annam: 
Clemens & Clemens 380 (W--1]27683, W--1,2768)); Poilane 8130 
(W——239,576). WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: FORMOSA: H. H. Bartlett 
6267 (W--12)8580); Nagazawa s.n. [July 1928] (W--2063380) ; Naka- 
hara s.n. [1905] (W—-1053769); A A. Henry 1142 (W--55567); Tanaka 
97 (W--1528110); Tanaka & Shimada 17878 (W--1700296); E. H. Wil- 
son 10972 (W—105),281). CULTIVATED: India: Voigt 272 (W— 
2126892). LOCAKITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Hafizthan s.n. 
[Balakoli] (W—~1239953). 


VITEX NEGUNDO f. ALBA P'ei 

Additional bibliography: Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 6 (): 
248. 1893; Moldenke, Phytologia is: 308. 1967. 

This plant has been collected at altitudes of 8000 to 10,000 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 17 


feet, flowering in August. The corollas are described as having 
been. "blue" on Rock 10465, "bluish" on Rock 5055, “pale-purple" 
on Rock 3880, and nd "lavender-blue" on Rock ck 90h. It is therefore 
evident that the statement made by me in Phytologia 15: 308 
(1967) concerning V. arborea Fischer and V. arborea Desf. belon- 
ging here because the represent white-flowered plants is entirely 
incorrect. If Schauer and Jackson are correct in placing these 
binomials in V. negundo, then they appear to represent a white- 
flowered form for which I am proposing the name V. negundo f. 
albiflora Moldenke. 

Additional citations: CHINA: Yttnnan: J. F. C. Rock 3880 (W— 


1332136—cotype), 5055 (W--1332137—-cotype), 90h (W—13321138— 
cotype), 10465 (W--1332139). 


VITEX NEGUNDO f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke, nom. nov. 
Synonymy: Vitex arborea Fischer ex Desf., Cat. Hort. Paris, 


ed. 3, 391—392. 992. 1829 {not V. arborea Bréon, 1955, nor Brown, 
1806, nor Roxb., 181]. Vitex ; arborea Desf. apud Schau. in A. 
DC., Prodr. 11: 685, in syn. yn. 1847. 

Bibliography: Desf., Cat. Hort. Paris, ed. 3, 391—392. 1829; 
Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. ll: 685. 187; Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. 
India 6 (k): 248. 1893; Jacks. in Hook. f. a Jacks., Ind. Kew., 
pr. 1, 2: 1213 (1895) and pr. 2, 2: 1213. 1946; Moldenke, Phyto- 
logia a 486. 1957; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 
3, 2: 1213. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 308. 1967. 

This form differs from the typical form of the species in 
having white corollas. 

As yet I have not seen the type of this taxon, doubtless 
preserved in the Paris herbarium, but I am assuming that Schauer, 
Watt, and Jackson are correct in placing it in V. negundo. 

It should be noted here that the V. arborea ascribed to Bréon 
belongs in the synonymy of V. beraviensis var. acuminata, that 
accredited to Brown belongs in the synonymy of V. heptaphylla A. 
L. Juss., while that of Roxburgh is V. pinnata L. 


VITEX NEGUNDO var. CANNABIFOLIA (Sieb. & Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. 

Additional synonymy: Vitex negundo var. cinnabifolia (S. & Z.) 
Metcalf ex Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 15 & 17, in syn. 1968 

Additional bibliography: Kitamura & Okamoto, Col. Dlustr. 
Trees & Shrubs Japan 221. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 308 
(1967) and 17: 15 & 17. 1968. 

An additional vernacular name recorded for this plant is 
"nindinboku", Material of this variety has been widely misiden- 
tified and distributed as V. incisa Lam. and V. negundo f. inter 
media P'ei. Zimmermann Wy2 a; appears to be a mixture with var. in- 
termedia -- at least, on n most specimens the leaf serration seams 
to be far too uniform for var. intermedia. 

Additional citations: CHINA: Chekiang: Barchet 556, in part (W- 


18 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 


596117). Shantung: Zimmermann 12, in part (W--7954,90). HONGKONG: 
C. Wright s.n. [Hong Kong] (W—-l916). WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: 
JAPAN: Honshiu: Collector undetermined 365 (W—73902), s.n. (Sept. 
1, 1890] (W--206182), s.n. (Yanaka, Musashi, 16 August 1910) 
(W--1178281); J. Matsumura s.n. (Tokio, Octob. 13, 1879] (W— 
147605); Maximowicz s.n. (Yokohama, 1862] (W—73692). 


VITEX NEGUNDO var. HETEROPHYLLA (Franch.) Rehd. 
Additional & emended synonymy: Vitex simuata Raeusch. ex 


Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821. Vitex negundo Curtis ex 
Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 72, in syn. 1832 (not V. ne- 
gundo L., 1753, nor Lour., 1934, nor Noronha, 1790, nor Royle, 
1919, nor Willd., 1918]. Vitex incisa Willd. ex Roxb., Fl. Ind., 
ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 72. 1832. Vitex chinensis Banks ex Roxb., Fl. 
Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 72, in syn. 1832. 

Additional bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 
13, pr. 1, 2: 963 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 963. 1796; Pers., Sp. Pl. 
3: 360-361. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Roxb., 
Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 72--73. 1832; Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. 
India 6 (): 248 & 251. 1893; Bonstedt, Pareys Blumeng#rtn., ed. 
1, 278. 1932; Encke, Pareys Blumengértn., ed. 2, 2: 46. 1960; 
Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 307 & 309--311. 1967; Moldenke, Biol. 
Abstr. 49 (2): S.186. 1968. 

Encke (1960) says of this variety: "In Kultur wohl nur durch 
die strauchige var. heterophylla (Franch.) Rehd. (syn. var. in- 
cisa (Bunge) Clarke; V. incisa Bunge). Nord- und Centralchina, 
Mandschurei, Philippinen. Mit eingeschnitten-gezthnten oder 
fast fiederspaltigen, 2-8 cm langen Blu#ttchen. -- Um 1750. Bal. 
364; NK. ly: 12; B.C. III:3481. (K) Nur im Weinbauklima bedingt 
winterhart. In kalten Wintern auch dort immer wieder zurtick- 
frierend, aber an einjthrigen Trieben im gleichen Herbst noch 
bltfhhend. Schtne Herbstblthher zur Verwendung in der N&he des 
Hauses auf der Gartenterrasse oder in Verbindung mit andern 
tropischen Blattpflanzen. Am besten ist frostfreie Uberwinter- 
ung und Mitte Mai Pflanzung ins Freie. Bei gute Pflege und Er- 
n&hrung machen sie in wenigen Monaten lange SchUsslinge, die in 
warmen Sommern fast immer noch zur Bltfte kommen. Vermehrung 
durch Aussaat und ausgereifte, krautige Stecklinge im Sommer." 

The variety has been collected at 200 meters altitude in 
Shantung. An additional vernacular name for it is "mu chin". 
The corollas are described as having been "bluish" on Chiao 
3052 and as "Zavender" on K. H. Beach 145. 


nel —S=——_—- ———————————- 


2807 are V. negundo var. intermedia (P'ei) Moldenke, C. 0. Le- 
vine s.n. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 376] is V. negundo L., and 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 19 


C. 0. Levine s.n. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 746] is V. sampsoni 
Hance. The Zimmermann ])2, originally distributed as this varie- 
ty, seems to be mostly var. cannabifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Hand.- 
Mazz., although it was identified by P'ei as his f. intermedia 
and at least one specimen of it has been so cited by me. Cer- 
tainly the collection is not var. heterophylla! 

Additional citations: CHINA: Chahar: Kozlov 71 (W--16585L9). 
Hopeh: K. H. Beach 145 (W--2070714), 228 (W--2070785); Chiao 227. 
(Herb, Univ. Nanking 2138] (W--155l,261); Cowdry sen [Vicinity 
of Peking, 1919] (W—1051760); H. J. Sheehan 98 (W—1576691). 
Shansi: Ling 167 [Herb. Univ. Nanking 9113] (W—1370452), 1721 
[Herb. Univ. Nanking 9366] (W—-1370453), son. [Herb. Univ. Nan- 
king 9386] (W--1370454). Shantung: Chiao 3052 (W—~1576506) . 
Province undetermined: Bunge s.n. [Chin. bor. 1830] (W--297090) . 


VITEX NEGUNDO var. HETEROPHYLLA f. ALBA (Carr.) Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 310. 1967; 
Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 49: 851. 1968. 


VITEX NEGUNDO var. HETEROPHYLIA f. MULTIFIDA (Carr.) Rehd. 

Additional synonymy: Vitex dissecta Vasey ex Moldenke, Phyto- 
logia 17: 19, in syn. 1968. 

Adi tional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 310—3l1. 
1967. 

Material of this form has been distributed in herbaria under 
the name Ve incisa Lam. 

Additional citations: CULTIVATED: District of Columbia: Vasey 
sen. [Greenhouse, 1881] (W—7389)). Russia: Herb. Hort. Bot. 


Petrop. s.n. (W—73895). 


VITEX NEGUNDO var. INTERMEDIA (P'ei) Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: S. V. Ramaswami, Study Flow. Pl. 
Bangalore [thesis] 1030—1031 & 167. 1966; *Moldente , Phytologia 
15: 307 & 311. 1967. 

Recent collectors have found this plant growing on slopes. 
Tsang reports it as "fairly common" and "abundant scattered 
shrubs" in Kwangsi, Norton refers to it as "common on open hill- 
sides" in Fukien, and Ching found it in "open thickets on stream 
banks" in Chekiang. 

The corollas are described as having been "lavender" on Chiao 
2704 & s.n. (Herb. Univ. Nanking 105] and Koelz 4592, "bluish" 
on Rock 6981 and Tsiang & Ptei Sie5, "bhluish-purple" o: on R. C. 
Ching ng 229, "blue on J de EA - Norton ton 1558 and Tsang 27733, ~Wpink" 
on Tsang ng 278)3, and "white" on on Tsui 303 303. 

Herbarium material has been identified and distributed under 
the epithet V. negunda L., in addition to the epithets previously 
recorded. On the other hand, the C. Wright s.n. [Hong Kong] and 
the Zimmermann he and Barchet 556, | cited by Ptei or so identified 


20 F BY TO O16 So Vol. 17, no. 1 


by him, seem to me to be better placed as var, cannabifolia (Sieb. 
& Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. “Tea ae 

Additional citations: INDIA: East Punjab: Koelz 4592 (W-—- 
1667949). CHINA: Anhwei: Herb. Univ. Nanking 1726 (W—1345970). 
Chekiang: Barchet s.n,. (W—597586, 6, W—59759h); Chi Chiao s.n. [Herb. 
Univ. Nanking 10 cL) (W—1426576), s.n. (Herb. Univ. Nanking 
14,580] (W-=11,26962) ; R. C. Ching 229 29 (W—-127250); Ae N. Steward 
sen. [Herb. Univ. Nanking 2387) (W—13l5971). Fukien: Je B. Nor- Nor- 
ton ton 1558 (W—1172734). Hupeh: E. H. Wilson 790 [7/07] (W—7771h3), 
790 [12/07] (W—777143), 2702 [6/07] (W--777470), 2702 [8/07] (W— 
777470). Kiangsi: Chiao s.n. [Herb. Univ. Nanking 1877) (W#— 
15501). Kwangsi: Fung 21196 (W—1704611); W. T. Tsang 27733 
(W—1757177), 2783 17 57268), 2807 (W176 7132). Kwangtung: 
C. O. Levine s.n. wn. (Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 894] (W—-109167h), son. 
(Herd. Canton Chr. Coll. 1420) (W--877508), son. [Herb. Canton 
Chr. Coll. 1585] (W—877507), s.n. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 3h)2] 
(W--1270970) ; Tsui 303 (W—1751587). Kweichow: Tsiang & Plei 
5725 (W—-1575153). Shantung: Chiao 270) (W—1553816, W—1595051) . 
Szechuan: Farges s. s.n. (W—2)97126). “Ytinnan: Jd. F. C. Rock 6981 
(W--1212126). Province undetermined: Schoch 27 (W—1174976). 
CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Honam: C. O. “Levine s. sen. [Herb. Canton 
Chr. Coll. 250] (W—778606). THAILAND: Zimmermann 2 )W—595002). 
INDOCHINA: Tonkin: Pételot 1170 (W~—1717012). vi 


VITEX es a a H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio, 2: 200. 
1817. 

Additional synonymy: Vitex orinoccensis Humb, & Bonpl. apud 
Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821. Vitex orineceasis Huber, 
in herb. 

Additional & emended bibliography: H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 
Pl., ed. folio, 2: 200 (1817) and ed. quart., 2: 27. 1818; 
Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Barnhart, Bull. Torrey Bot. 
Club 29: 590. 1902; Veilion, Revist. Forest. Venez. 5S: 59. 1962; 
Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 313313. 1967. 

It should be noted that the H.B.K. reference dates given above 
have been authenticated by consultation of the work by Barnhart 
(1902) on this subject. 


VITEX ORINOCENSIS var. MULTIFLORA (Miq.) Huber 

Additional synonymy: Vitex orineceasis var. mltiflore (Mig) 
Huber, in herb. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 313. 1967. 

Breteler describes this plant as a tree, 13 m. tall, the trunk 
35 cm. in diameter at breast height, branched from low down, the 
bark shallowly and finely fissured, brownish-gray, the leaflets 
papery, slightly glossy and medium—green above, paler and dull 
beneath, the corolla pale-purple (on his no. 3662), the fruit 
subglobose, glossy, smooth, black at maturity, and growing at 350 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 21 


meters altitude. 
Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Barinas: Breteler 3662 (W— 


2465602), 3907 (W--265856) . 


VITEX OXYCUSPIS J. G. Baker 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 314. 1967; 
Anon., Biol. Abstr. 9: 390. 1968. 


VITEX OXYCUSPIS var. MOSSAMBICENSIS Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 31,—315. 
1967; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 9: 390. 1968. 


VITEX PARVIFLORA A. L. Juss. 
Emended synonymy: Vitex leucoxylon Span. ex Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 


2: 863. 1856 [not V. leucoxylon Blanco, 1895, nor L., 1829, nor 


L. f., 1781, nor Naves, 1918, nor Roth, 1956, nor Roxb., 181, 
nor Schau., "1893, nor Wall., "18h7, nor *Willd., 1832]. 

Additional bibliography: Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 360. 1819; Steud., 
Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. 13). 
1885; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 316—317 & 320 (1967) and 16: 500 
& 501. 1968. 

It should be noted that the V. leucoxylon of Linnaeus the 
younger is a valid species, with the homonyms ascribed to Lin- 
naeus the elder, to Wallich, and to Willdenow as synonyms, that 
of Blanco and of Naves is V. negundo L., that ascribed to Schauer 
is V. glabrata R. Br., and that accredited to Roth and to Rox- 
burgh is V. glabrata var. bombacifolia (Wall.) Moldenke. 

The corollas are described as having been "light-blue" on 
Seibert os This collector describes the plant as a tree, 6--8 
meters meters tall, with blue-black fruit in August. He states that it 
is cultivated along the riverbank at Farm No. 5, Almirante, in 
the Changuinola District, by the United Fruit Company, in Panama, 
where it was originally introduced because "the wood is good for 
railroad ties". 

Vidal (1885) cites Cuming 114), 1365, & 1830 for this species. 
Herbarium material has been misidentified and distributed as ve 
floridula Duchass. & Walp. 

Additional citations: CULTIVATED: Hawaiian Islands: Degener & 
Degener 30092 (Ms—l9581). Panama: Seibert 1535 (E—1S 70765). — 


VITEX PEDUNCULARIS Wall. 

Additional synonymy: Vitex peduncularis "Wall. ex Schau." apud 
Deb, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: 315. 1961. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. In- 
dia 6 (4k): 250. 1893; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 2, 541. 1902; 
Prain, Bengal Pl., ed. 1, 2: *830 & 833. 1903; Gamble, Fl. Presid. 
Madras 2: 1102 & 1103. 192k; Deb, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: 315. 
1961; Prain, Bengal Pl., ed. 2, 3: 621, 622, & 1012. 1963; R. C. 
Ghosh in Lahiri, West Beng. Forests 197. 1964; Sen & Naskar, Bull. 
Bot. Surv. India 7: 60. 1965; Jain & De, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 


22 FP BY /TiOet, OoGes & Vol. 17, now 1 


8: 247. 1966; Rao & Rabha, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 301. 1966; 
Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 319-320. 1967. 

Prain (1963) describes this species as a tree, 20--l0 feet 
tall, and records it from Bihar, Chota Nagpur, and Orissa. Deb 
(1961) says "leaflets densely covered with mimte yellow glands 
beneath, panicles axillary", and cites Meebold 5739. Rao & Rabha 
(1966) record the species from Assam, while Jain & De (1966) tell 
us that in West Bengal it is known as "bhadu", the ripe fruits 
are eaten, the wood is used to make agricultural implements, and 
the leaves are eaten as a vegetable in the treatment of ophthal- 
mia. Ghosh (196) encountered the species at 150 meters altitude 
in the foothills of West Bengal. It has been found in flower and 
fruit in July. 

An additional vernacular name recorded for V. peduncularis is 
"kyelyo", while the name, "tin nok", previously recorded for it, 
is said to be applied also to V. limonifolia Wall in Thailand. 

Additional citations: INDIA: West Bengal: Cc. Be Clarke 11733c 
(W--802339). BURMA: Upper Burma: Annoon s.n. [Herb. Burma Forest 
School 93] (W—-17166)3); Prazer 7 (W--712906), 73 (W—712957). 
THAILAND: Native collector A.33 4.33 [Herd. Roy. Forest Dept. 5883] 
(W-206l,806). INDOCHINA: Cochinchina: Thorel 1006 (W--2)97093) . 


VITEX PEDUNCULARIS var. ROXBURGHIANA C. B. Clarke 

Additional bibliography: Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 
72. 1832; Watt, Econ. Prod. India 7: 25). 1883; Watt, Dict. 
Econ. Prod. India 6 (4): 250. 1893; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 
2, 541. 1902; Prain, Bengal Pl., ed. 1, 2: "832 & 833 (1903) and 
ed. 2gnet 621 & 622. 1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 320. 1967. 

Prain (1963) records this variety from Bihar and from Chota 
Nagpur, and adds the vernacular name "marak'", In his 1903 work 
he cites the Watt reference given above as "E. D. 5: 17)". 


VITEX PHAEOTRICHA Mildbr. 
Pee bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 31) & 321— 
322.5 1967. 


VITEX PIERREI Craib 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, cartels 15: 323. 1967. 
Additional citations: THAILAND: Urs. D. J. Collins 706 (W— 
1700656) . Pyne ee 


VITEX PINNATA L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 638. 1753 [not V. pinnata 
Lour., 1847, nor "Lour. ex Schau.", 1963). 

Additional & emended synonymy: Vitex negundo Noronha, Verh. 
Batav. Gen. 5, ed. 1, art. ): 86. 1790 [not V. : V. negundo Curtis, 
1832, nor L., 1753, nor L. f., 1966, nor Lour., 193, nor Royle, 
1919, nor Willd., 1918]. Vitex arborea Roxb., Hort. "Beng. 6, 
hyponym. 1814; Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 73. 1832 [not V. ar 
borea Bréon, 1955, nor Brown, 1806, nor Desf., 187, nor Fischer, 

1829]. Pistacia vitex L. ex Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 6 (): 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 23 


250, in syn, 1893. Vitex pubescens var. genuina Hochr., Candollea 
S: 191. 193). 

Additional & emended bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. 
Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 963 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 963. 1796; Pers., 
Sp. Pl. 3: 360 & 361. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; 
Roxb.,, Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 73—7. 1832; Gamble, Man. Ind. 
Timb., ed. 1, 297-298. 1881; Watt, Econ. Prod. India 7: 255. 
1883; Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 6 (l\): 250. 1893; Gamble, Man. 
Ind. Timb., ed. 2, 51. 1902; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 832 & 
833. 1903; Gamble, Fl. Presid. Madras 2: 1101--1103. 1923 Cc. 
Coster, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 38: pl. 6, fig. 2. 1928; Hochr., 
Candollea 5: 191—192. 193; M. R. Henderson, Cammon Malay. 
Wildfls. 39. 1961; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 621, 622, & 1012. 
1963; Santapau & Wagh, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 109. 1963; Douk, 
Trav. Lab. Mat. Méd. Pharm. Gal. Paris 50: 1--26. 1965; Sen & 
Naskar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 60. 1965; M.S. Mani, Bull. 
Bot. Surv. India 7: 11h. 1965; Anon., Ind. Bibliog. Bot. Trop. 3 
(2): 15. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 323--325 (1967) and 16: 
495. 1968; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 9: 851. 1968. 

Additional illustrations: C. Coster, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 
35s ple. O,, f2 Le. lett pete 

It should be noted here that the V. negundo of Linnaeus the 
elder is a valid species, with the homonyms accredited to Lin- 
laeus the younger, to Royle, and to Willdenow as synonyms, 
while the V. negundo ascribed to Curtis belongs in the synonymy 
of V. negundo var. heterophylla (Franch.) Rehd. and that ascribed 
to Loureiro is V. quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will. The V. pubescens 
ascribed to Heyne is a synonym of V. altissima L. f. The V. 
arborea accredited to Bréon is a synonym of V. beraviensis var. 
acuminata Moldenke, that accredited to Brown is V. heptaphylla 
A. L. Juss., while that ascribed to Desfontaines and to Fischer 
is V. negundo var. albiflora Moldenke. 

Santapau & Wagh (1963) feel that the name, V. pinnata Lour., 
should always be written "V. pinnata Lour. ex Schau.", but my 
contention has always been that such a double citation is de- 
sirably ONLY in a formal synonymy where complete bibliographic 
references are given. It is too cumbersome to give such a 
double credit citation on identification labels or in the text 
of a paper where it would be of little, if any, added value. 

Banternsuk describes V. pinnata as a "medium tree common in 
dry deciduous forests" in Thailand. The corollas are described 
as having been "purplish" on his no. 13. Mani (1965) reports a 
plant gall found on this species, made by Eriophyes cryptotrichus 
Nalepa. It is an epiphyllous hemispheric verrucose pouch-gall 
0.5--5 mm. in diameter, and is his gall no. 29. 

The bibliographic reference "Gamble 772" is sometimes given in 
literature for this species, but has not as yet been located by 
me. 

The Burma Forest School 22, distributed as V. pinnata, is ac- 
tually V. limonifolia Wall. 


2h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, now 1 


Additional citations: INDIA: West Bengal: Helfer 132 (W— 
1669076). BURMA: Tenasserim: Gallatly 1012 (W--263078). THAI- 
LAND: Banternsuk 13 [Herb. Roy. Forest Dept. 2010] (W—206,783); 
Hansen & Smitinand 12186 (Rf). 


VITEX PINNATA var. ALATA Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 324 & 325. 
1967; Moldenke, Biol, Abstr. 9: 851. 1968. 

Additional citations: INDIA: Khasi States: Hooker & Thomson s. 
n. [Mont. Khasia] (W--297073). 


VITEX PINNATA f. ANOMALA Moldenke 

Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia : 18. 19533; Moldenke, 
Biol. Abstr. 27: 2026. 1953; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 79-~80. 
1957; Moldenke, Résumé 198 & 78. 1959. 


VITEX PINNATA var. PANTJARENSIS (Hochr.) Moldenke, comb. nov. 

Synonymy: Vitex pubescens var. pantjarensis Hochr., Candollea 
5: 191--192. 193k. 

Hochreutiner's original description of this taxon is as fol- 
lows: "Flores ochroleuci, calyx profundius dentatus, inflorescen- 
tia majus elongata thyrsoidea, folia 5-foliolata, sed ut in typo 
pubescentia et nervata. Java, Goenoeng Pantjar, 4 1'E. de Bui- 
tenzorg au pied de la montagne, formant de grands arbres especés 
dans la brousse et haute de + 6 m. alt. ca. 350 m., 17 septembre 
190), fleurs jaun&tres (n. 186). Comme on le voit, c'est une 
variété trés distincte du type. D'aucuns y verront une espéce 
spéciale. Toitefois, comme les spécimens hindous du V. arborea 
Roxb. —- considérés comme synonymes -- ont le temps a autre 4 et 
peut-8tre 5 folioles, on peut considérer ce caractére come 
variétal." 


VITEX POBEGUINI Aubrév. 

This taxon has recently been shown to be conspecific with V. 
madiensis Oliv. and should therefore be deleted from my list 
of valid and accepted taxa. 


VITEX POGGEI Gtirke 

Additional bibliography: Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. l, 
pr. 1, 457 (1906) and pr. 2, 457. 191; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 
80. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 143 & 478. 1959; Durand & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. Suppl. l, pr. 3, 457. 1959. 


VITEX POLYGAMA Cham, — 

Additional bibliography: Bocq., Adansonia 3: [Rev. Verbenac.] 
253. 1863; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 447 
(1893) and 2: 121). 1895; Sampaio, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 13: 
258. 1937; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: )h7 
(1946) and 2: 1214. 1946; Le Cointe, Amaz. Bras. III Arv. & 
Plant. Uteis, ed. 2, 292. 1947; Angely, Fl. Paran. 7: 13. 1957; 
Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 80—89. 1957; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 25 


Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 4l7 (1960) and 2: 121). 1960; Moldenke, Phy- 
tologia 8: 75. 1961; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 5. 1965. 

Recent collectors refer to this plant as a "touceira com di- 
versos caules, 2 m.", with red anthers and white pollen, growing 
in sandy soil, flowering in August, and known as "gratina". The 
corollas are described as "violet" on H. F. Martins 2h2 and as 
"yiolacea com tubo floral maisclaro" on Mattos & Mattos 8382. 

A cotype collection, in fruit, Sellow s.n., deposited in the 
herbarium of the Botanisches Museum at Berlin, was photographed 
there by Macbride as his type photograph number 17565 (in part), 
but is now destroyed. 

According to Sampaio (1937), the name "maria preta", recorded 
for Vitex polygama, is also applied to Blanchetia heterotricha P. 
DC., Cordia curassavica Roem. & Schult., Melanoxylum brauna 
Schott, and Zollernia ilicifolia Vog. 

The Schwacke s.n. [Man4], distributed as V. polygama, is actu- 
ally var. hirsuta Schau. 

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Guanabara: Alston & Lutz 1)2 
(Ja—11096, Ja); Hans s.n. [30-10-1946] (Ja--43757, Ja); B. Lutz 
919 (Ja--29)89); H. F. Martins 2,2 [Herb. Cent. Pesq. Florest. 
1048] (Ac); Rosa 59 (Ja—523u2, Ja, Ja); N. Santos 5268 [236-2] 
(Ac, Ja), 5300 [237-2] (Ac, Ja), 5373 [2hh-3] (Ja, Ja). Minas 
Gerais: A. Castellanos 25421 (Herb. Cent. Pesq. Florest. 229] 
(Ac); Heringer 7257 (B). Rio de Janeiro: Glaziou 3860 (Ja— 
5959). S&o Paulo: Mattos & Mattos 8362 (W--2i45191). State un- 
determined: Heringer 359 (B); Sellow s.n. [Brasilia; fructifera; 
Macbride photos 17565, in part] (W—photo of cotype). 


VITEX POLYGAMA var. BAKERI Moldenke 
Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 83 
& 86--87 (1957) and 8: 75. 1961. 


VITEX POLYGAMA var. DUSENII Moldenke 

Additional & emended bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., 
Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 121) (1895) and pr. 2, 2: 121). 1946; Angely, 
Fl. Paran. 7: 13. 1957; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 83 & 87--88. 1957; 
Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 1214. 1960; Mol- 
berg Phytologia 8: 75--76. 1961; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 5. 
1965. 

A specimen of G, Gardner 582, deposited in the herbarium of 
the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques at Geneva, was photographed 
there by Macbride as his type photograph number 2703, but is not 
a type collection of any sort. 

The original description of V. laciniosa by Turczaninow (1863) 
is as follows: "Vitex (pyrostoma) laciniosa. V. tota pilis rufes- 
centibus tecta, ramis compresso-tetragonis; foliis longe petiola- 
tis 5foliolatis, foliolis obovato-oblongis, basi longe attenuatis 
petiolulatis, apice obtusis mcronulatis vel acutiusculis integer- 


26 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, now 1 


rimis aut subrepandis inconspicue denticulatis, supra pilis ad- 
pressis scabris, subtus praesertim ad nervationes densius pilosis 
cinereis; cymis axillaribus petiolo duplo brevioribus bifidis, 
cum flore solitario in dichotomia; bracteis linearibus flores ex- 
cedentibus; calycis dentibus tubum aequantibus, tubo corollae 
parum brevioribus. Bahia, Kegel No 12319. V. polygama Cham. et 
Schl. huic valde similis, differt tomento, praesertim in tergo 
foliorum multo densiore, atque corollis calycem duplo superanti- 
bus." 

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Guanabara: A, Castellanos 24027 
{Herb. Cent. Pesq. Florest. 2864] (Ac); H. F. . Martins 337 (Herb. 
Cent. Pesq. Florest. 2870] (Z). Rio de Janeiro: G. Gardner Gardner 582 
[Macbride photos 2703] (N—photo, W--photo). 


VITEX POLYGAMA var. GLAZIOVII Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 82, 83, & 88. 
1957; Moldenke, Résumé 111 & 78. 1959. 


VITEX POLYGAMA var. HIRSUTA Schau, 

Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 83 
& 87--89 (1957) and 8: 76. 1961. 

A cotype specimen, Sellow s.n., deposited in the herbarium of 
the Botanisches Museum at Perlin, was photographed there by Mac- 
bride as his type photograph number 17565 (in part), but is now 
destroyed, 

The corolla is described as "blue" on Schwacke s.n., and the 
plant has been found in anthesis in December. Material has been 
misidentified and distributed in herbaria as typical V. polygama 
Cham. 

Additional citations: PRAZIL: Espirito Santo: Sellow s.n. 
[Macbride photos 17565, in part] (W--photo of cotype). Rio de 
Janeiro: Schwacke s.n. [Mand] (Ja—5968). 


VITEX POLYGAMA var. WARMINGII Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 83 & 89. 
1957; Moldenke, Résumé 112, 379, & 478. 1959. 


VITEX POOARA Corbishley 

Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 219. 
1926; J. Hutchinson, Botanist in South. Afr. 294. 1946; Moldenke, 
Phytologia G2 "76. 1961; Watt & Breyer—Drandwijk, Medic. & Poison. 
Pl. “Afrs;'ed.'2; 1025 & 15h. 1962; C. A. Sm., Common Names S. 
Afr. Pl. 243, 37h, 438, 439, 498, & 601. 1966. 

Smith (1966) records the vernacular names "hardekool", 
"poeraboom", "poerasboom", "stinkbessie", "stinkbos", 
"stinkbossie", and "weeluisbessie" for this species — the first 
of which is also applied to Combretum. He reports that the ripe 
drupes are black and have the offensive smell of bedbugs or 
"weeluis", but this does not deter the natives and Europeans 
from eating the fruit. Hutchinson (196) cites his no. 1877. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 27 


VITEX PSEUDOCHRYSOCARPA Pieper 

Additional synonymy: Vitex pseudo-chrysocarpa Pieper ex Wors- 
dell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 500. 19)1. 

Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 29. 
1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 90--91. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 133, 
138, 143, 382, & 478. 1959; Huber in Hutchinson & Dalz., Fl. W. 
Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 2: 8. 1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 95. 
1967; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 25. 1967. 

Huber (19635 reduces this species to V. chrysocarpa Planch., 
but fails to cite the type collection, which is probably Dalziel 
771 [not "Dabjiel" as stated in error previously], and, being a 
collection by one of the co-authors of the work in which Huber 
was writing, should have been available to him for examination. 
He does, however, cite Barter 121), a collection also cited by 
Pieper, so therefore doubtless bases his opinion on this specimen. 


VITEX PSEUDOCUSPIDATA Mildbr. 

Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 252 
(1929) and 8: 249. 1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 91. 1957; Mol- 
denke, Résumé 139 & 78. 1959. 


VITEX PSEUDOLEA Rusby 

Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 29. 
1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 91—93. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 85, 
115, & 478. 1959; Soukup, Biota 5: 137. 196; Moldcenke, Résumé 
Suppl. 15: 5. 1967. 

Ferreyra describes this plant as a tree, 10—12 m. tall, with 
"violet" corollas, known locally as “palo de perro", the wood 
being used for timber. 

Additional citations: PERU: San Martin: Ferreyra 1829 (W— 
1998617). BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: R. F. Steinbach héh (Si) cree 
Beni: 0. E. White 767 (G--isotype). 


VITEX PUBERULA J. G. Baker 

Additional bibliography: K. Schum, in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 
28 (1): 497 & 498. 1902; Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 19). 
a Meee ae Phytologia 6: 93. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 11,8, 383, 
& 478. 1959. 


VITEX PULCHRA Moldenke 
Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 445-46. 1951; Moldenke 
in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17h: 76, 132--133, 135, & 273, fig. 21, 1 
& 2. 1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 93--9. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 
157 & 78. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 151. 1959. 
Illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17h: 135, fig. 
21, 1& 2. 1956. 


VITEX PYRAMIDATA B. L. Robinson 
Additional synonymy: Virex pyramidata Robins. ex Moldenke, Ré- 
sumé Suppl. 6: 11, in syn. 1963. 


28 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 


Additional & emended bibliography: Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew, 
Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 457. 1906; P. C. Standl., Contrib. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 23: 1235 & 12%. 192h H. B. Davis, "life & Works Pringle 
115, 28), 668, & 669. 1936; Durand & Jacks., Ind, Kew, Suppl. l, 
pr. 2, 487 (191) and pr. 3. 457. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 
76. 1961; Langman, Select. Guide Lit. Flow, Pl. Mex. 596 & 1010. 
196); Moldenke in Shreve & Wiggins, Veg. & Fl. Son. Des. 2: 
1261--1262. 196; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 265, 1967. 

Recent collectors describe this plant as a tree, to 5 m. tall, 
with fragrant flowers, fruiting in November and December, known 
locally as "capulin" or "jupari", and ascending from 100 to 1,00 
meters altitude. It has been found growing in matorral with 
Byrsonima sp. or with B. crassifolia and Curatella sp., in dis- 
turbed matorral, or in open woods and pastures, "in rocky soil in 
association with Bursera, Erythrina, etc., in regular abundance" 
in Morelos. Feddema reports it "common" on savannas with Bryso- 
nima and Curatella, as well as in cleared areas, in Nayarit. In 
the same state it is said by McVaugh to be "occasional" with Bro- 
simum, Platymiscium, and Sapium, or to be "abundant" in rocky 
disturbed woodlands. 

The corolla is described as "blue" on J. Rzedowski 15267, 
"lavender" on R. Q. Abbott jl, and "hright-purple" on R. McVaugh 
15223. In Shreve & Wiggins T96l) the distribution of the spe- 
cies is given as "On rocky hillsides, prairies, and basaltic 
mesas, in arroyos, and at edge of craters, Lower Sonoran to 
Tropical Zones, Sonora to Yucat4n. Employed by the natives for 
food, fuel, and construction. When burned, the ash is blue." 

The G. a Gaumer 607, distributed as V. ’ pyramidata, is actu- 
ally the type collection of V. gaumeri Greenn., Arguelles s.n. 
{San Bernardo, 12 Agosto 1958] is V. mollis H.B.K., and Janzen 

sen. [29 May 196] is not verbenaceous. 

~~ Additional citations: MEXICO: Guerrero: Re Q. Abbott 11 (Ip); 
Hinton 10002 (RE) 10005 (Rf), nahh (Rf); Paray 1915 1915 (Ip). Jal- 
isco: Herb. Univ. Kans. Mex. Exped. W.57 (W—2088629); A. R. Mol- 
denke 1823 (Rf); Pringle 29 (Ms—-309)9—isotype); J. Rzedowski 
15267 (Du—513631, Ip). Ip). México: Hinton 4086 (Rf); R. Ve eae Moran 
10159 (Du--)9815)). Morelos: Cox & Guzm4n MCC MCC 0631 (Ip). Nayar 
it: Feddema 877 (Mi), 1343 (Mi), 2632 (Mi); R. McVaugh 15223 
(Mi), 19089 (Mi); J. Raedowski 11396 aie 1786, (Ip, Mi). Sin- 
aloa: J. J. Gonzalez Ortega 7193 {ip} a" Sonora: “Arguelles s.n. (San 
Bernardo, 18 Octubre 1958] (Rf). 


VITEX QUINATA (Lour.) F. N. Will. 

Additional & emended synonymy: Vitex hetrophylla Roxb. apud 
Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 85, sphalm,. 1910. Vitex inata 
(Lam.) F. N. Will. apud S. Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 353, sphalm. 
1928. Vitex negundo Lour. ex Crevost & Pételot, Bull. Econom. 
Indo-chine 37: 129], in syn. 193) [not V. negundo Curtis, 1832, 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 29 


nor L., 1753, nor L. f., 1966, nor Noronha, 1790, nor Royle, 1919, 
nor Willd., 1918]. Vitex quinata Dop ex Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. 
Inf. 1938: 434, in syn. 1938. Connutia quinata Lour. apud Li, 
Wood. Fl. Taiwan 83h, in syn. 1963. Vitex quinata Lour. ex Mol- 
denke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 25, in syn. 1967. Vitex quinaria (Lour.) 
F, N. Will., in herb. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. l, 
228. 1821; Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 75. 1832; Hook. & 
Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. 206, pl. 8. 1836; Bocq., Adansonia 3: 
[Rev. Verbenac.] 253. 1863; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 1, 296. 
1881; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 619 (1893) 
and 2: 1213 & 121). 1895; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 2, 539. 
1902; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 832 & 833. 1903; Prain, Ind. 
Kew. Suppl. 3: 189. 1908; Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 85. 1910; 
Dunn & Tutcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Addit. Ser. 10: 20), 1912; 
A.W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 219. 1926; S. Sasaki, List Pl. 
Formos. 353. 1928; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 478 & 479. 19313 Pei, 
Sinensia 2: 70 & 73. 1932; E. D. Merr., Comm. Lour. 33). 1935; 
Backer, Tectona 29: 686. 1936; Kanehira, Form. Trees, rev. ed., 
652, fig. 608. 1936; Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 432 & 
43h. 1938; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 619 
(1946) and 2: 1213 & 121). 196; Neal, In Gard. Hawaii, ed. 1, 
643. 1948; Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Index 1929-1956, 8h & 293. 1959; 
Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 619 (1960) and 
2: 1213 & 121). 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 76. 1961; Liu, O- 
lustr. Nat. & Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2: 1230, pl. 1038. 1962; 
Li, Wood. Fl. Taiwan 16, 832, 83h, & 973. 1963; Prain, Beng. Pl., 
ed. 2, 2: 621, 622, & 1012. 1963; Srinivasan & Agarwal, Bull. 
Bot. Surv. India 5: 68. 1963; Panigrahi, Chowdhury, Raju, & Deka, 
Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 255. 1964; Smitinand, Govt. Sarawak 
Sympos. Ecol. Res. Humid Trop. Veg. 1 & 43. 1965; Mukerjee, 
Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 135. 1965; Backer & Bakh., Fl. Java 2: 
606. 1965; Sen & Naskar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 60. 1965; 
Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (3): 16 & 7. 1966; 
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 8, 9, & 25. 1967; Moldenke, Phyto- 
logia 15: 2hh & 307. 1978. 

Additional illustrations: Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. pl. 
48. 1841; Kanehira, Form. Trees, rev. ed., fig. 608. 1936; Liu, 
Illustr., Nat. & Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2: pl. 1038. 1962. 

It should be noted here that the V. negundo of Linnaeus the 
elder is a valid species, with the homonyms ascribed to Linnaeus 
the younger, to Royle, and to Willdenow as synonyms, while that 
accredited to Curtis is V. negundo var. heterophylla (Franch.) 
Rehd. and that ascribed to Noronha is V. pinnata L. 

The Hooker & Arnott reference given in the bibliography a- 
bove is sometime erroneously cited as "181", but actually pages 
193 to 288 and plates 0 to 59 in this work were issued in 1836. 

Recent collectors describe this plant as a tree, 12-21 m. 
tall, the trunk 15 cm. to 2 m, in diameter, the bark grayish- 
brown, the immature fruit green or yellow, and the mature fruit 


30 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 


purplish-black to black, growing in ravines, the edges of cleared 
ravines, mixed forests, open moist wood-margins, and dry ground 
beside forests. 

The corollas are described as having been "white" on Lau 153, 
Lei 714, and W. T. Tsang 176, "white-purplish" on Wang 33752, 
"blue" on Lau 16, "pink" on Taam 1532, and "yellow" on W. T. Tsang 
719. 

“Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965) describe the species 
as follows: "Leaflets 3-5, pellucid dotted (by the presence of 
cystoliths. In dried materials the upper surface of the leaves 
often shows a whether or not [=more or less?] circumvallate shal- 
low depression near each cystolith.), petioluled, oval-elliptic- 
obovate-oblong, mostly acuminate, herbaceous or thinly coriaceous, 
pubescent on the nerves when young; median one 5-13 cm by 2 1/2 - 
6 em, on a petiolule 1 1/2 -- 3 cm long, the other ones smaller, 
on shorter petiolules; petiole 2--10 cm. Panicles terminal and 
often also in the upper leaf-axils, 5--25 cm long; cymes 1/2 — 3 
em (inclusive of 2--10 m petiole); calyx 3—-), m, with broad 
teeth; corolla sordidly violet; tube 5--7 m, inside glabrous or 
(from the insertion of the stamens up to the base of the lower 
lip) with few to many hairs; filaments glabrous or basally spar- 
ingly hairy, shortly exserted; drupe subglobose, 3/l) — 1 cm di- 
am. Tree.......not too dry forest." They certainly meant to 

say "peduncle" rather than "petiole" in their description of the 
length of the cymes. They include V. sumatrana Miq. and V. vel- 
utina "K. & V." in the synonymy of V. quinata. 

Hatusima (1966) gives the distribution of the species as "In- 
dia to S. China, Formosa, Malaysia". Srinivasan & Agarwal (1963) 
record it from West Bengal, Assam, and East Bengal. Panigrahi 
and his associates (196) refer to it as "abundant" in Orissa, 
but Hatusima (1966) tells us that it is "rare" on Batan Island. 
Mukerjee (1965) states that this tree "helps with sufficient 
moisture to convert a deciduous forest to evergreen", 

Vernacular names recorded for it include "five-leaved chaste-— 
tree", "hu'kham", “kaaz&ab", "ka wariba-nimzinboku", "kuburasi", 
"n6a-4", "O-ninjin-baku", "oo-nimzinboku", "o-tin", "patt'ttu", 
"pd-kiu", "poorasu", "pw-kiang", and "soa-po-kiwn". 

Li (1963) cites Faurie 1021, A. Henry 1182, 1182 A/B, & 1182 
C, Kawai s.n., Kawakami & Mori 7, Keng 1369, Makino s.n., Matuda 
359 & sen., Oldham 38), Owatari s.n., Suzuki 20503, and E. H. 
Wilson 10019 & 11127 from Formosa. 

Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria 


ener 181, Greenwood 3ha, A. Henry 1182 & 1182c, Keng K.1%9, 
Liang 62780, Peng, Tak, & Kin s.n. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 
12613), Pételot 963, A. C. Smith 4307 & 6295, and F. K. Ward 
37559, distributed as typical V. quinata, are actually var. pu- 
berula (H. J. Lam) Moldenke, while E. H. Wilson 11127 is the type 
collection of var. serrata Moldenke, Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex Si) 


12882 and E. H. Wilson 08 are V. canescens Kurz, C. Wright s.n. 
[Hong Kong] | is. Ve. negundo - var. cannabifolia (Sieb. ~& Zuec. Zuce.) Hand.- 
Mazz., and Clemens & . & Clemens 3394 is V. tripinnata (Lour.) Merr. 
Additional citations: CHINA: Chekiang: R. C. Ching 1987 (W— 
1346846). Kwangsi: R. C. Ching 7309 (W—12),8677). Kwangtung: C. 
O. Levine s.n. (Herb. Canton Chr. *. Coll. 10] (W—-778511), s.n. 
[Herb. Canton Chr. Coll, 999] (W--779162), s.n. (Herb. Canton Chr. 
Coll. 1206] (W—1173131), s.n. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 1807] (W— 
142869), son. [Herb. Canton on Chr. Coll. 1876] (W--13,7890); Tsi- 
ang 1066 (W--1513168) ; Ying 770 (W--1513078). Yttnnan: A. Henry 
12638 8 (W--59211). HONGKONG: aA Y. Chun 5177 (Ws); Taam m 1532 (1 (w— 
2063819) , 18,6 (W—-2072690). CHINESE E COASTAL ISLANDS: Hi Hainan: 
Chun & Ts0 1395) (BL), 44673 (W--167522); Fung 20420 (Mi); F.C. 
How How 70570 (eae 70858 (Bi); How & Chun 70248 (W (W--1669L,2),) ; Lau 16 
(W--1629005), 153 3 (W--1629221); Led i 66 (W—-1753851), wen (i. 
1654279); Liang gz 62069 (W--1670785) 5 F. A. McClure 786 TH [Herb. Ling= 
nan Univ. 18320] ~ (W==1666),92) ; We T. Tsang 178 , 178 (Herb. Lingnan U- 
niv. 15677] (W--1250000), 223 (Herb. Lingnan Univ. 15722] (W-- 
12,9809), 719 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 17468] (W-—-1672609), 868 [Herb. 
Lingnan Univ. 16367] (W--12)997), gh (Herb, Lingnan Univ. 
16443] (W~-12)9327); Wang 33752 (1670257), 34267 (W--1670370) . 
Honam: Eee. Canton Chr. Coll. 166 ear WESTERN PACIFIC 


VITEX QUINATA var. PUBERULA (H. J. aie Moldenke 

Additional synonymy: Vitex mindanaensis Merr. ex Moldenke, Ré- 
sumé Suppl. : 21, in syn. 1962. 

Additional bibliography: Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 
194. 1904; Maun, Philip. Journ. Forest. 16: 108. 1960; Moldenke, 
Phytologia 8: 11-78 (1961) and 15: 2h) & 307. 1967. 

Merrill based his V. mindanaensis on an unnumbered collection 
made by B. Rafael and S. S. Ponce in Butuan Subprovince, Mindanao, 
Philippine Islands, in September or October, 1913 {Herb. Philip. 
Forest Bur. 20746], deposited in the United States National Her 
barium at Washington, 

Elmer describes the variety as a stocky tree, 25 feet tall, the 
trunk 12 inches thick, the wood moderately soft, whitish, soon 
discoloring to a dirty-white, odorless and tasteless, the bark 
thick, grayish-white, finely checked, the branches numerous above 
the middle, forming a dense elongated crown, the twigs ascending, 
greenish=brown, with elongated lighter-brown lenticels, the peti- 
oles green and ascending, the leaflets horizontally recurved, 
strongly conduplicate on the upper sublucid and darker-green sur- 
face, thinly coriaceous, the inflorescence erect, greenish, 
slightly fragrant, the corolla creamy, the upper segment purp- 
lish-streaked, the filaments whitish, and the anthers purplish- 
brown, Keng describes the bark as pale-gray and furrowed. 


32 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 


The variety has been found growing on fertile soil of open 
grasslands at altitudes of 15 to 1080 meters, Additional vernac- 
ular names for it are "shek wong king®, "tai wong muk", and 
"topas", 

The corollas are described as "violet" on F. K. Ward 37559. 
Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria under 
the names V, glabrata R. Br., V. heterophyllum Koxb., V. negundo 
Le, Ve quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will., V. pentaphylla Merr., Teijs- 
manniodendron coriaceum (Cs Be Clarke) Kosterm., and Araliaceae, 

Additional citations: CHINA: Kwangsi: R. C. Ching 5552 (W-- 
12,8671). Kwangtung: Peng, Tak, & Kin s.n, (Herd. Canton Chr. 
Coll. 12613] (W—12)8228). Tinea: "Feng g 13396 (A). CHINESE 
COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: Liang 62780, in in part (W—~1670920) . 
THAILAND: Smitinand 859 (Fg); F. K. Ward 37559 (S). INDOCHINA: 
Tonkin: Pételot 963 (W—1759227). MALAYA: Perak: Corner 31625 
(N). WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: FORMOSA: A. Henry 1182 182 (W—-l55592), 
1182c (W-—-l55593); Keng K.13%69 (W--2035969, W—2035970). PHILIP- 
PINE ISLANDS: catalan Elmer 11602 (Bi, N); Rafael & Ponce s.n. 
[Herb. Philip. Forest Bur. 2076] 6) (W—-900566) . INDONESIA: GREAT- 
ER SUNDA ISLANDS: Celebes: Laleno 49 [Boschproefst. B. b. 194.44) 
(Bi); Waturandang 619 [Boschproefst. Cel/V.385] (Bi). Sarawak: 
M. Jacobs 51) (W—2377357). Sumatra: Yates 1609 (Mi). MELANE- 
SIA: YASAWA FIJI ISLANDS: Viti Levu: 0. Degener er 14)81 (Bi); J. W. 
Gillespie 2953 (Bi, Bi), 4164.1 (Bi, Bi), 4691.8 (Bi); Greenwood 
3hha (Bi); A. | A. C. Smith 4307 (Bi (Bi), 6295 (Bi). 


VITEX QUINATA var. SERRATA Moldenke, var. nov. 

Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliolis grosse serratis 
recedit. 

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in 
having its leaflet-blades coarsely serrate along the margins a- 
bove the middle. 

The type of the variety was collected by Ernest Henry Wilson 
(no. 11127) in forests along the upper Pinan River, province of 
Pinan, Fon Formosa, on November 17, 1918, and is deposited in the 
United States National Herbarium at Washington. The collector 
describes the plant as a tree, to 60 feet tall, with a spread of 
15 feet. The type is in full fruit, so the serrate character of 
the leaflets cannot be ascribed to the specimen being from a 
watersprout, as might otherwise be said. It was originally dis- 
tributed as V. heterophylla Roxb. and annotated as V. quinata 
(Lour.) F. N. Will by Hui-lin Li in 1951. 

Citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: FORMOSA: E, H. Wilson 
11127 (W--1052),00--type) . 


VITEX RADULA Mildbr. 

Synonymy: Vitex robynsi DeWild., Plant. Bequaert. 5: 13--1kh. 
1929. 

Additional & emended bibliography: DeWild., Plant. Bequaert. 


1968 Moldenke, Notex on Vitex 33 


5: 13--14. 1929; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 
1, 49--51 & 10h. 1942; H. No & A. L. Moldenke, Plant Life 2: 79. 
1948; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib, Verbenac., ed. 2, 115, 117, 
120, & 202. 199; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 108 & 116. 1957; Mol- 
denke, Résumé 143, 145, 1:8, 150, & 478. 1959; Moldenke, Phyto= 
logia 8: 78. 1961; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 13: 3, 5, & 7. 1966. 

The binomial, Vitex radula Mildbr., appears to have been pro- 
posed first as a hyponym on July 1, 1928, and validated on May 30, 
1929. The binomial, V. robynsi DeWild., was also validly publish- 
ed in 1929, but as yet I have not been able to ascertain the ex- 
act month or day. I am therefore tentatively reducing it to 
synonomy under V. radula, since the two taxa are apparently con- 
specific. The type of V. robynsi, as has been stated previously, 
was collected by my good friend, Prof. Dr. Frans Hubert Edouard 
Arthur Walter Robyns (no. 1913) in a shrubby savanna at Kasenga, 
at an altitude of about 970 meters, in the Republic of the Congo, 
on April 8, 1926, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Jar- 
din Botanique de l'Etat at Brussels. 

Recent collectors describe V. radula as semi-climbing or as a 
shrub, 3.5 m. tall, growing in rather wet or sandy soil, on shrub- 
by or on secondary woody savannas, in deciduous forests, secon- 
dary evergreen forests, dense brachystegia-Pterocarpus forests, 
or Brachystegia forests with groups of Oxytenanthera abyssinica in 
black sandy soil with granite boulders, at 800 to 1100 meters al- 
titude, called "bebesuco" or “linuna-nuna", flowering in February, 
and fruiting from February to April and in June. The corollas 
are described as "white" on Barbosa 1037. 

The Torre 1268, distributed as V. radula, is actually V. thyr- 
siflora J. G. Baker. 

Additional & emended citations: CONGO LEOPOLDVILLE: Robyns 
1913 (Br, Br, N--photo, Z—-photo). ZAMBIA: Bredo 008 (Br, N). 
PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA: Cabo Delgado: Torre & Paiva 12005 (U1). 
Manica e Sofala: Andrada 1059 (U1); Barbosa 1037 (Ul, Z), 1583 
(U1); Torre 4340 (Rf, Ul). Niassa: Torre & Paiva 10732 (Ul), 
10951 (Ul, Z). 


VITEX RAPINI Beauvis. 

Enended synonymy: Vitex rapinii Beauvis. ex Moldenke, Résumé 
388, in syn. 1959; Guillaum., Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris B. 
15: 315. 1967. 

Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 189. 1908; 
Moldenke, Résumé 206, 342, 388, & 478. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 
8: 78. 1961; Guillaum., Thorne, & Virot, Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. 
Hist. 20 (7): 45. 1965; Guillaum., Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris 
B15: 315. 1967. 

Guillaumin, Thorne, & Vitot (1965) cite Thorne 285)1 from New 
Caledonia. Guillaumin (1967) states that the species grows in 
serpentine at 900 meters altitude, and cites Baumann 823). 


3h PHD EO CG's. A Vol. 17, now 1 


VITEX RAPINIOIDES Guillaum, 

Emended synonymy: Vitex rapinoides Guillaum. ex A. W. Hill, Ind. 
Kew. Suppl. 9: 297. 1938. 

Additional & emended bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 
9: 297. 1938; Moldenke, Résumé 205, 368, & 478, 1959; Moldenke, 
Phytologia 8: 78. 1961. 

Additional citations: MELANESIA: NEW HEBRIDES: Aneityum: J. 
Wilson s.n. [Kajewski 992] (Bi—isotype). Efate: Kajewski 211 


(Bi). Eromanga: Kajewski 299 (Bi). 


VITEX REGNELLIANA Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: Ee Je Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 
265. 19533 Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 83, 84, 89, & 110—112. 1957; 
Moldenke, Résumé 112 & 78. 1959. 


Pp. 


VITEX REHMANNI Gtirke 

Emended synonymy: Vitex rehmannii Gtirke ex Molcenke, Alph. List 
Invalid Names 55, in syn. 1942; J. Hutchinson, Botanist in South. 
Afr. 335. 196. 

Additional bibliography: Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 19h. 
190); Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk, Med. & Poison, Pl. S. Afr., ed. l, 
15 & 21. 1932; J. Hutchinson, Botanist in South. Afr. 335. 196; 
Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 2h. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 15), 388, & 
4.78. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 78-—-79. 1961; Watt & Breyer- 
Brandwijk, Med. & Poison, Pl. S. Afr., ed. 2, 1055 & 145). 1962; 
R. H. Campton, Journ. S. Afr. Bot. Suppl. 6: 66. 1966. 

The corollas are described as "white" on Sidey 1310. Hutchin- 
son (196) cites his no. 218, which, he says, had "mauve" corol- 
las. Compton (1966) records the species from Swaziland. 

Additional citations: SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal: Schlieben 7526 
(N); Sidey 1310 (S). 


VITEX REHMANNI f. SUBTOMENTOSA Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Résumé 154, 388, & 78. 
1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 79. 1961. 


VITEX RESINIFERA Moldenke 
Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: l46é—7. 1951; Moldenke 
in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17h: 72, 8h—86, & 273, fige 11 (4—6). 
1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 11). 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 157 & 
478. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 151. 1959. 
Illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17): 85, fig. 
11 (4-6). 1956. 


VITEX RIVULARIS Gtirke 

Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 189. 1908; 
F. R. Irvine, Pl. Gold Coast 38. 1930; Dalz., Useful Pl. W. Trop. 
Afr. 458. 1937; Aubrév., Fl. For. Cot. Iv., ed. 2, 3: 233, pl. 3%, 
fig. 5—7. 1959; F. R. Irvine, Woody Pl. Ghana 76. 1961; Moldenke, 
Phytologia 8: 79. 1961; Huber in Hutchinson & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. 
Afr., ed. 2, 2: lS & ib. 1963; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 7. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 35 


1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 25) & 256. 1967. 

Illustrations: Aubrév., Fl. For. Cot. Iv., ed. 2, 3: pl. 336, 
fig e 5-7 ° 1959 e 

Recent collectors and authors describe this plant as a forest 
tree, 30--75 feet tall, the stem with thin bark, often fluted, 
the bark whitish-green or brow, fairly smooth, papery, longitud- 
inally furrowed, the wood soft or hard and white, the slash 
olive-brown, with brownish longitudinal lines; leaves digitate; 
leaflets 5—-7, elliptic-lanceolate, long-petiolulate, 15 cm. 
long, 5 cm. wide, entire, acuminate at the apex, pubescent be- 
neath, the secondaries 12 pairs; flowers small, mumerous, white, 
lilac-tipped or tinged with purple,bluish in bud, borne in open, 
slender, rich, long-pedunculate, wide-spreading cymes which are 
dichotomously branched; fruit edible, black, ellipsoid or obo- 
void, 1/2 inch long, borne in an enlarged cup-shaped fruiting- 
calyx. 

The species grows in deciduous forests, flowering in April and 
May, fruiting in June, July, and October. The fruit is eaten by 
game. Additional vernacular names recorded for it are "ash", 
"akwakora gyahina", "(m)bli", "m'vassa", ‘nterowa", "otwe", and 
"Stwe nt>}rowa". 

Huber (1963) states that the species occurs also in French 
Cameroun and the Congo. The Zenker s.n. [Bipindi], distributed 
as V. rivularis, is actually V. longipetiolata Gtirke. 

Huber (1963) cites the following collections: GHANA: F.R. 
Irvine 951; Vigne FH.865, 895, & 109. LIBERIA: Baldwin 6285 & 
6491. IVORY COAST: Chevalier 19097. SOUTHERN NIGERIA: Jones & 
Onochie FHI.18760; Kennedy 910. BRITISH CAMEROONS: Mildbraed 


10535. 
Additional citations: CAMEROONS: Zenker 376) (W—-55),189). 
ANGOLA: Cabinda: Monteiro & Murta 89 (Ul). 


VITEX ROBYNSI DeWild. 

This taxon is now regarded as conspecific with V. radula 
Mildbr. and should therefore be removed from my list of valid 
and accepted taxa. 


VITEX RUBRA Moldenke 
Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 7. 1951; Moldenke in 
Humbert, Fl. Madag. 174: 75, 115, 117--118, & 273, fig. 17 (6—-8). 
1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 116-117. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 
157 & 478. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 151. 1959. 
Illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 174: 115, fig. 
17 (6--8). 1956. 


VITEX RUBRO=AURANTIACA DeWild. 

Additional & emended bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. 
Suppl. 8: 29. 1933; Moldenke, Résumé 1),3 & 78, 1959; Moldenke, 
Phytologia 8: 79. 1961. 

Additional citations: CONGO LEOPOLDVILLE: Louis 518 (B), 5786 


% PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 


(B), 617% (B). 


VITEX RUFESCENS A. L. Juss. 

Additional bibliography: H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. 
folio, 2: 200 (1817) and ed. quart., 2: 26. 1818; Pers., Sp. 

Pl. 3: 360. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Barnhart, 
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 590. 1902; Jacks. in Hook. f. & 
Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 121) (1h95) and pr. 2, 2: 121k. 
196; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 2h. 1947; Moldenke, 
Phytologia 5: 430 (1956) and 6: 83. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 112, 
387, 389, & 478. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., 
pr. 3, 2: 1214. 1960; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 9. 1965; Mol- 
denke, Phytologia 15: 27. 1967. 

Tavares describes this species as a tree, about 5m, tall, 
with a trunk diameter of 20 cm., known as "tamanqueiro", and 
found growing on the grounds of the Escola Agronomia do Nordeste 
at Paraiba, with the comment "Cultavada?". It was misidentified 
and specimens distributed as V. guerkeana Hiern. 

An isotype of V. perriana — Blanchet 3434 — in the herbarium 
of the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques at Geneva was photo- 
graphed there by Macbride as his type photograph number 30187, 
while the actual type, in the herbarium of the Muséum National 
d'Histoire Naturelle at Paris was photographed by him as his type 
photograph number 39501. 

It should be noted that the H.B.K. reference dates given above 
have been authenticated by consultation of the work by Barnhart 
(1902) on this subject. 

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Blanchet 33 [Macbride 
photos 30187 & 39501] (W-—-photo, W—-photo). Rio de Janeiro: H. 
F. Martins 209 [Herb. Cent. Pesq. Florest. 574] (Z). CULTIVATED: 


Brazil: Tavares 856 (W—2l03610). 


VITEX RUFESCENS var. ABLUDENS (Moldenke) Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 120-121. 
1957; Moldenke, Résumé 112, 388, & 478. 1959. 


VITEX SAMPSONI Hance 

Additional & emended bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & 
Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 121). 1895; Dunn & Tutcher, Kew 
Bull. Misc. Inf, Addit. Ser. 10: 20). 1912; Hand.-Mazz., Ann. 
Hort. Gothenb. 9: 68. 193k; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew., pr. 2, 2: 121). 196; Moldenke, Résumé 171 & 478. 1959; 
Jacks. in Hook, f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 121). 1960; 
Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 79—80. 1961. 

The Levine collection, cited below, is marked "topotype". 

Additional citations: CHINA: Kwangtung: C. O. Levine s.n. 
(Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 746] (W—-779018). 


VITEX SCABRA Wall. 
Additional & emended bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & 
Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 121) (1895) and pr. 2, 2: 144. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 37 


1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 122. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 166 & 
478. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 121k. 
1960. 


VITEX SCANDENS Moldenke 

Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia : 63--6 (1952) and 6: 122. 
1957; Moldenke, Résumé 202, 388, & 478. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. 
Suppl. 12: 151. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 8. 1965. 

Clemens describes this plant as a scandent shrub, with flowers 
"dull brick purple with yellowish margin", growing at 2500 to 
4500 feet altitude. 

Additional citations: MELANESIA: NEW GUINEA: Northeastern New 
Guinea: M. S. Clemens ),1775a (A). 


VITEX SCHAUERIANA Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 
ali. 1947; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 123—~-12h. 1957; Moldenke, Ré- 
sumé 112, 386, & 478. 1959. 

A cotype specimen of this species —- Blanchet 2782 — in the 
herbarium of the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques at Geneva, 
was photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph number 
30188, while another of the same collection, deposited in the 
herbarium of the Naturhistorisches Museum at Vienna, is his type 
photograph number 31,300. 

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Blanchet 2782 [Macbride 
photos 30188 & 34300] (W—photo of cotype); Frées 20182 (Ww— 
2390L5) « 


VITEX SCHLIEBENI Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 9. 1959; 
Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 35: 1688. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 
80. 1961; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.li: 592. 1962; G. Taylor, Ind. 
Kew. Suppl. 13: if). 1966. 

Additional citations: TANGANYIKA: Schlieben 6008 (N—isotype, 
W—-221),711——isotype) . ee eeera Bate 


VITEX SCHOMBURGKIANA Schau. 

Additional bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind, 
Kew., pr. 1, 2: 121) (1895), pr. 2, 2: 121) (1946), and pr. 3, 2: 
121). 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 80. 1961. 

The type specimen of this species — M. R. Schomburgk 21 — 
deposited in the herbarium of the Botanischer Garten und Museum at 
Berlin, was photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph 
mimber 17566, but is now destroyed. 

Additional citations: BRITISH GUIANA: M. R. Schomburgk 21 
[Macbride photos 17566] (W--photo of type). 


VITEX SCHOMBURGKIANA var. GRANDIFLORA Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 126. 1957; 
Moldenke, Résumé 112 & 78. 1959. 


38 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 


VITEX SEBESIAE H. J. Lam 

Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 252. 
1929; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 126—128. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 
198 & 478. 1959. 


VITEX SECUNDIFLORA H. Hallier 

Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 219. 
1926; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 32: 222 & 2353. 1958; Moldenke, R6é- 
sumé 191 & 478. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 80. 1961; Hocking, 
Excerpt. Bot. A.5: 2. 1962. 


VITEX SEINERI Gtirke 

Additional & emended bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew, 
Suppl. 8: 29. 1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 129. 1958; Moldenke, 
Résumé 148 & 478. 1959. 


VITEX SELLOWIANA Chan. 

Additional bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew., pr. 1, 2: 1213 & 121) (1895) and pr. 2, 2: 103 & 10). 
1946; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 2h. 1947; Jacks. in 
Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 1213 & 144. 1960; Mol- 
denke, Phytologia 8: 80. 1961. 

The type specimen of this species -- Sellow 1137 — deposited 
in the herbarium of the Botanischer Garten und Museum at Berlin, 
was photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph number 
17567, but is now destroyed. 

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Sellow 137 
(Macbride photos 17567] (W—photo of type). 


VITEX SERETI DeWild. 

Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 4, pr. 1, 2h8 
(1913) and pr. 2, 248. 1958; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 132. 1958; 
Moldenke, Résumé 143 & 78. 1959. 


VITEX SIAMICA F. N. Will. 

Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 189. 1908; 
Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 432 & 435. 1938; Anon., Kew 
ea Gen, Index 1929-1956, 293. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 80. 
1961. 

Recent collectors have found this plant growing on limestone 
rock walls at sealevel, flowering in August, 

Additional citations: THAILAND: Larsen, Smitinand, & Warncke 
1238 (Ac). Fr 


VITEX SIMPLICIFOLIA Oliv. 

Additional synonymy: Vitex cordata Aubrév., Fl. Forest. Sou- 
dano-Guin. 50. 1950. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Gttrke in Engl., Pfl. Ost- 
Afr. C: 339. 1895; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. l, 
2: 121k. 1895; K. Schum. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 28 (1): 97. 
1902; Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 19). 190; J. H. Holland, 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 39 


Kew Bull. Addit. Ser. 9 [Useful Pl. Nigeria 3]: 526. 1915; Lely, 
Useful Trees N. Nigeria 116. 1925; Dalz., Useful Pl. W. Trop. Afr. 
457. 1937; Aubrév., Fl. Forest. Soudano-Guin. 50. 1950; Moldenke, 
Phytologia 5: 305. 1955; Moldenke, Résumé 133, 13), 136—140, 143, 
381, 383, 389, & 478. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew., pr. 3, 2: 121). 1960; F. R. Irvine, Woody Pl. Ghana 76h. 
1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 80. 1961; Jaeger & Winkoun, Bull. 
Inst. Franc. Afr. Noir 2) [ser. A, no. 1]: 79. 1962; Huber in 
Hutchinson & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 2: WS & L7. 1963; 
Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 48: 10099. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 
100 & 232 (1967) and 16: 498. 1968. 

Huber (1963) reduces V. vogeiii J. G. Baker to synonymy under 
V. simplicifolia. I regard it as a variety. 

Recent collectors and authors describe V. simplicifolia as a 
small tree or shrub, to 15 feet tall and with 1 foot girth, 
"often larger (?)", with dense pale indumentum; leaves 1- or 3- 
foliolate on the same tree, the leaflets 5 inches long, 1/2 
inches wide, broadly elliptic, densely pubescent beneath when 
young, the secondaries 8 pairs, the petioles pubescent; flowers 
small; corolla greenish or mauve, tomentose, the lobes blue- 
purple or violet; fruit small, obovoid, violet-black, over 1/2 
inch long, 3-celled, on a hard saucer-shaped fruiting-calyx or 
"cupped like an acorn", with a thin edible pulp, and a large 3- 
or h-seeded stone. 

The species is said to inhabit savannas, flowering from Janu- 
ary to June, fruiting in March and June. The twigs are used in 
Northern Nigeria to make "tooth sticks" or "chew sticks". In the 
Ivory Coast a lotion is made from the bark to use in the treat- 
ment of skin diseases and toothache. 

Additional vernacular names recorded for it are “abisa" and 
‘nambara digali". The name, "bummere", recorded previously for 
the fruit, is applied also to the fruit of Hannoa undulata. 

Huber (1963) cites the following collections: MALI: Aubréville 
1868, Chevalier 2767, De Ganay 22. IVORY COAST: Aubréville }28, 
139h, 1540, & 1967-1969. DAHOMEY: Aubréville 6d & 57d. NORTH- 
ERN NIGERIA: Barter 16, Dalziel 176, Dent Young 206, Lely 819 & 
P.197, Meikle 1070, Trueblood FHI .4319. SOUTHERN NIGERIA: Barter 
1096. BRITISH CAMEROONS: Latilo & Daramola FHI.34490 [this col- 
lection I regard as V. simplicifolia var. vogelii, which see]. 

He also comments "Also in Cameroun, Uganda and extending to Egypt 
and Sudan", Irvine (1961) cites Brown 2286, Kinloch 3342, Kitson 
689, and Vigne 3002, 3777, & 3786 from Ghana and says "Distribu- 
tion: Fr. Sudan to Cameroons and Sudan", 


VITEX SIMPLICIFOLIA var. VOGELII (J. G&G. Baker) Pieper 

Additional bibliography: K. Schum, in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 28 
(1): 497. 1902; Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 19). 190k; 
Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 80-81. 1961; Huber in Hutchinson & Dalz., 
FIS We"Trop. Afr., od. 2, 2: ulits 19605 

Huber (1963) reduces this taxon to synonymy under typical V. 


o P Hever, OF b OVGd A Vol. 17, no. 1 


simplicifolia Oliv., but I am following Pieper in giving it vari- 
etal status. The Latilo & Daramola 34490, which I have previous- 
ly cited as this variety, Huber cites under V. simplicifolia. 


VITEX SNETHLAGIANA Huber 

Bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 
39 & 104. 1942; H. Ne & Aw L. Moldenke, Plant Life 2: 8. 198 
Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 95 & 202. 19193 
Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 136-137. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 112 & 
478. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: lyk. 1966. 


VITEX SPRUCEI Briq. 

Additional bibliography: Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 
19). 190); A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 298. 1938; Moldenke, 
Biol. Abstr. 33: 1215. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 81. 1961; 
Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.5: ly. 1962. 

The type specimen of this species: —- Spruce 2767 — deposited 
in the herbarium of the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques at 
Geneva, was photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph 
number 2705. 

Prance, Pena, Forero, Ramos, & Monteiro 3938 is said to have 
had its Scredlas "white with an et lon center", , and these collectors 
Pe Ie ca the plant as a tree, 22 mn. tall, with a trunk diameter 
to cm. 

The Murga Pires 781, distributed as V. sprucei, is not verben- 
aceous; “it is ; probably something in the B: Bignoniaceae. 

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazénas: Ducke 51 (W--1693056, 
W--187528)); Frées 20510 (W—2)39073); Prance, ce, Pena, Forero, Ra- 
mos, & Monteiro ro 3938 (N, (N, Rf); Spruce 2767 [Ma Tr phot os 2705] 
G=aneee of type). 


VITEX SPRUCEI var. LONGIDENTATA (Moldenke) Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 139—~10. 
1958; Moldenke, Résumé 112, 389, & 78. 1959. 
Additional citations: BRAZIL! Amaz6nas: Frées 21398 (W— 
239613) « 


VITEX SPRUCEI var. VAUPESENSIS Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 33: 1215. 
seinen Phytologia 8* 81. 1961; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. 
A. e 1962 


VITEX STAHELII Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. ll: 
265. 1953; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 81. 1961. 

Berti describes this plant as "Arbol de 28 m. de altura total 
x 102 cm., yema terminal: complanada contorno m4s o menos cénico. 
Ramitas terminales, verdosas con lenticelas alargadas y cremosas. 
Fruto: color morado negruzco. Semilla 1, envuelta en una pulpa 
cremosa, carnosa"., It has been found in flower and fruit in May. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex yl 


Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: E. L. Little 17659 
(Ve). Delta Amacuro: Berti 143 (N, S, 2), 163 (Ac, N); Wurdack & 
Monachino 3968 (N). 


VITEX STELLATA Moldenke 
Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 8. 1951; Moldenke in 
Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17: 76, 125, 126, & 273, fig. 19 (l—6). 
1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 1)2—13, 1958; G. Taylor, Ind. 
Kew. Suppl. 12: 151. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 157 & 78. 1959. 
Illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17): 125, fig. 
19 (4-6). 1956. 


VITEX STRICKERI Vatke & Hildebr. 

Additional bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew., pr. 1, 2: 1214 (1895), pr. 2, 2: 121 (1946), and pr. 3, 2: 
1214. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 81--82. 1961. 

Recent collectors describe this plant as a much-branched or 
scrambling shrub, to ) or 5 feet tall, with rough bark, colorless 
sap, and panicles of aromatic flowers, the calyx brownish-green, 
filaments cream, and anthers brown, growing in groups in thickets 
on red-brown loam, the margins of thickets in Brachystegia wood- 
lands, or very local in Acalypha fruticosa - Acacia - Croton - 
Haplocoelum - Grewia similis open to closed brushland on shallow 


black cotton soil with lava rock pavements, to 2000 meters alti- 
tude, flowering in February. The corolla is said to have been 
"white on Tanner 3420, "white tubular" on Greenway 9175, and 
"cream" on Drummond & Hemsley 1810. 

Additional citations: UGANDA: Mearns 280 (W—-630295). TANGAN- 
YIKA: Drummond & Hemsley 1810 (B); Tanner 2383 (B), 3420 (S). 
KENYA: Greenway 9175 (B). 


VITEX STYLOSA Dop 
Additional & emended bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 
9: 298. 1938; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 143--1). 1958; Moldenke, 


VITEX SUMATRANA Miq. 

Additional bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., 
pr. 1, 2: 121) (1895), pr. 2, 2: 1214 (1946), and pr. 3, 2: 1214. 
1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 82. 1961. 


VITEX SWYNNERTONII S. Moore 
Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 273 
(1921) and pr. 2, 273. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 82. 1961. 


VITEX TANGENSIS Gtirke 

Additional & emended bibliography: Gtirke in Ingl., Pflanzemv. 
Ost-Afr. C: 339-—-340. 1895; K. Schum, in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 28 
(1): 497. 1902; Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 19. 190; Du- 
rand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 457 (1906), pr. 2, 57 


2 P Ret Dd Obey aera, & Vol. 17, now 1 


(1941), and pr. 3, 457. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 82. 1961; 
Cuf., Pull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 32: Suppl. 797--798. 1962; Moldenke, 
Phytologia 15: 315 (1967) and 16: 96. 1968. 

Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 1.5—l m. 
tall, several times or much branched from the base or near the 
base, many-stemmed, the bark pale gray-yellow, very finely retic- 
ulate. The corolla is described as "blue" on F, A. ——— 
2705, "blue-lilac" on Balsinhas 22, "violet" on Torre 958, "low- 
er er lip violet" on Torre 2277, "cor or de malva" on Junod unod Llh, and 
"corolla-tube purple-mauve, _ large petal mauve, with ith yellow around 
the throat, throat purplish-mauve, the other petals white, fila- 
ments pale—mauve'" on Polhill & Paulo 723. 

The species has been found growing in deciduous forests, in 
the substratum in dense forests, and in dune forests with Afzelia 
quanzensis, Dalium schlechteri, Garcinia livingstonei, Strychnos 
sp., etc. It is said to be common in the bush around cultivated 
land, with Adansonia, Allophylus, Carissa, Grewia, Hoslundia, 
Lannea, Sterculia, Strychnos, Thespesia, etc., flowering in No- 
vember and December. 

Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria 
as V. amboniensis Gtirke. Torre 6323 is a mixture with V. oxycus- 
pis var. mossambicensis Moldenke. T Torre 2277 is said to match 
well L. E. Codd 5434 in the British Museum and Kew herbaria, 
while F Fe a Mendonca 2365 and Torre 3829 are said to match Volkens 
92, the type of the species, at t the British Museum. Torre 3629 
is, however, described by Garcia as "intermediate" between Vv. a ame 
See and V. tangensis. The A, Peter 39696, previously cited 
by me as deposited in ny personal | herbarium, i is now in the her- 
barium of the Texas Research Foundation at Renner, Texas. 

Additional citations: KENYA: Polhill & Paulo 123 (S). PORTU- 
GUESE EAST AFRICA: Inhambane: Torre 3829 (U1). Lourengo Marques: 
Balsinhas 22 (Ul); Junod buy (UL 5 Torre 2067 (Ul, Z), 2277 
(Ul). Manica e Sofala: F. ae iis ET (U1), 2705 (Ul); 
Simfo 220 (U1); Torre 6323, i in part (Rf, Ul, UL). Mozambique: 
Torre 958 (UL). 


VITEX TELORAVINA J. G. Baker 

Emended synonymy: Vitex teleravina J. G. Baker apud Durand & 
Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 457, sphalm. 1906. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. 
Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 57 (1906) and pr. 2, 457. 1941; Moldenke in 
Humbert, Fl. Madag . Tue TT es 1-12, & 273, fig. 22 (8 & 
9). 1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 147-148. 1958; Durand & Jacks., 
Ind. Kew. Suppl. ie pr. 3, 457. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 157, 389, 
& 478. 1959. 

Illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17: 139, fig. 
22 (8 & 9). 1956. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 3 


VITEX THOMASI DeWild. 

Additional & emended bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. 
Suppl. 8: 249. 1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 1)8—~119. 1958; Mol- 
denke, Résumé 13 & 478. 1959. 


VITEX THOMASI f. KASAIENSIS DeWild. 

Bibliography: DeWild., Contrib. Etud. Fl. Katanga Suppl. 2: 
108-109. 1929; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 149--150. 1958; Moldenke, 
Résumé 143 & 478. 1959. 


VITEX THONNERI DeWild. 

Additional & emended bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 
6: 219 (1926) and 8: 29. 1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 150. 1958; 
Moldenke, Résumé 10, 143, & 78. 1959. 


VITEX THONNERI var. TIBATENSIS (Engl.) Pieper 

Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 29. 
1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 151. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 139, 
389, & 478. 1959. 


VITEX THORELII Dop 

Additional & emended bibliography: A.W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 
9: 298. 1938; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 151--152. 1958; Moldenke, 
Résumé 177 & 78. 1959. 


VITEX THYRSIFLORA J. G. Baker 

Additional bibliography: Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. l, 
pr. 1, 457. 1906; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 189. 1908; I. Bailey, 
Ecology 1: 174--189. 1920; Bequaert, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 5: 
333—383. 1922; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 219 (1926) and 9: 
297. 1938; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 457. 191; 
Uphof, Bot. Rev. 8: 569—5S71. 192; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. 
Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 457. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 82. 1961; 
Huber in Hutchinson & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 2: lo & 
446. 1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 312. 1967. 

Recent collectors and authors describe this plant as an under- 
shrub, shrub, or small tree, 2m. tall, or a sarmentose shrub to 
6m. tall, with glabrous branches, 5~foliolate leaves, and small 
white flowers in terminal panicles, growing in forests or open 
Brachystegia forests, the herbaceous layer being dominated by Di- 
gitaria and Panicum, at 280 meters altitude, flowering from Janu- 
ary to July and in September, fruiting from July to October, and 
called "namepéprir"., The corolla is described as "yellow' on 
Torre 1268. 

Bailey (1920) found this species inhabited by the ant, Vitici- 
cola tessmanni. The plant has lateral cavities or pits excavated 
in the woody parts of the stele of stout dry stems and branches. 
Furthermore, there are in stout stems exit-holes resembling those 
of the lateral pits subtended by them. This may be due to an in- 
herent tendency to form hollow stems and branches. It is not 
known whether the ants accelerate formation of the cavities 


by PHY T Ol. OO Sb Vol. 17, now 1 


throughout the center as has been demonstrated by Fiebrig with 
Cecropia. The pseudo-gall-like structures made by Viticicola are 
histologically very complex. The insects enter through the cir- 
cular apertures in the swollen internodes. According to Bequaert 
(1922) this species of host has heteroplasias similar to those of 
Plectronia laurentii. 

Dan Janzen, in a memorandum to my son, Andrew RK. Moldenke, re- 
fers to the original description of V. staudtii Gtirke as stating 
that the leaflets are glabrous on the under surface but densely 
covered with minute, golden-yellow glands. He continues "These 
glands are critical (if they are indeed glands) to understanding 
the myrmecophytic relationship that Viticicola has with Vitex 
staudtii." He speaks of discussions of this plant and its myrme- 
cophily by Bequaert and by Bailey in Wheeler's "Ants of the Bel- 
gian Congo". 

Material of V. thyrsiflora has teen misidentified and distrib- 
uted in herbaria as V. radula Mildbr. 

Huber (1963) cites the following collections: GUINEA: Baldwin 
9669; A. Chevalier 13199 & 13267; Jacques-Felix 852. SIERRA LE- 


ONE: Deighton 3747; N. W. Thomas 1692 & 1953. LIBERIA: J.T. 
Baldwin 6172, 9510, & 9945; Harley s.n. (Ganta]; Konneh 175. 
IVORY COAST: A. . Chevalier ier 17055, 1 1930, & 19805. TOGO: Baumann 
56h. NORTHERN NIGERIA: Killick 67. Si SOUTHERN NIGERIA: Harrison 
55 Olorunfemi FHI .38057; “Rowland s sn. (W. Lagos]; Symington FHI. 
5052; Talbot | Talbot s.n. [Oban]. ~~ BRITISH CAMEROONS: Maitland 565 os 
1577; Olorunfemi FHI .30608; Ujor FHI.29288. He comments "Extends 
to Congo", 

Additional citations: SIERRA LEONE: N. W. Thomas 1692 (S). 
PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA: Mozambique: Torre 1268 (Ul); Tor Torre & Pai- 
va 986 (Ul). 


VITEX THYRSIFLORA var. LAXIFLORA Pieper 

Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 252. 
1929; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 153--15h. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 
139, 386, & h78. 1959. 


VITEX TOMENTULOSA Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 298. 
1938; Anon., U. S. Dept. Agr. Bot. Subj. Index 15: 1362. 1959; 
Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 83. 1961. 


VITEX TRICHANTHA J. G. Baker 

Additional & emended bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks, 
Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 121) (1895) and pr. 2, 2: 1214. 196; Mol- 
denke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17h: 75, 120-122, & 273, fig. 18 
(U6). 1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 156s 3c, 1958; Jacks. in 
Hook. f. & Jacks, Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 1214. 1960. 

Rnended illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17: 
121, fig. 18 (l—6). 1956. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 45 


VITEX TRIFLORA Vahl 

Additional & emended synonymy: Vitex sericea Poepp. ex Etting- 
sh., Blatt-Skel. Dikot. 79, pl. 32, fig. 6. 1861 [not V. sericea 
Poepp. ex Moldenke, 1936]. Pyrostoma ternatum G. F. W. Mey. apud 
Jacks. in Hook. f. "ke Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 667. 1895. 
Vitex triflora temifolia Huber ex Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 79. 193L 
Vitex trifolia Vahl ex Moldenke, Suppl. List Invalid Names ll, in 
syn. 1941 [not V. trifolia Graham, 1966, nor Hemsl., 199, nor 
L., 1753, nor L. f., 1895, nor Moon, 1895, nor Sessé & Moc., 190, 
nor "sensu Matsumura & Hayata", 1963). 

Additional & emended bibliography: H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., 
ed. folio, 2: 200 (1817) and ed. quart., 2: 26. 1818; Pers., Sp. 
Pl. 3: 360. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Jacks. in 
Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 7 (1893) and 2: 667 & 
1214. 1895; Barnhart, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 590. 1902; Le 
Cointe, Amaz. Bras. tu Arv. & Plant. Uteis, ed. 1, 430. 193k; 
Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. (2s 1: 447 (1946) and 
2: 667 & 1214. 1946; Le Cointe, Amaz. Bras. III Arv., & Plant Ut~ 
eis, ed. 2, 457. 19473 Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 2h. 
194,73 Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 7 
(1960) and 2: 667 & 121). 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 83. 1961; 
Soukup, Biota 5: 137. 196; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 25. 1967; 
eee © Phytologia 15: 229, 2h2, & "267 (1967) and 16: 95. 

19. 

It should be noted here that the V. trifolia of Linnaeus the 
elder is a valid species, with the homonym ascribed to Linnaeus 
the younger as a synonym, while the V. trifolia accredited to 
Graham is a synonym of V. negundo eae that ascribed to Hemsley 
and to “sensu Matsumura & Hayata" is V. trifolia var. simplici- 
folia Cham., that ascribed to Moon is ie altissima L. f., and 
that accredited to Sessé & Mocifio is Ve. '. mollis H.B.K. 

LeCointe (197) records the vernacular variant "tarum4 da 
mata" and comments "Nas capoeiras e mata secundd4ria. — EE! a es- 
pécie mais vulgar de Amaz6nia....0 fruto 6 emendgogo e diuret- 
ico; as félhas empregam-se contra as cistites e uretrites; a 
raiz 6 ténica e febrifuga." 

The Huber (1909) reference in the bibliography of this spe- 
cies is dated "1907-8" by Stapf (1931), but 1909 seems to be the 
actual date when the pages in question appeared. It should be 
noted that the H.B.K. reference dates given above have been au- 
thenticated by consultation of the work by Barnhart (1902) on 
this subject. 

The type specimen -—- Herb. Vahl s.n. — deposited in the her- 
barium of the Universitetets Botaniske Museum at Copenhagen, was 
photographed there by Macbride and is his type photograph number 
22779 « 

The corollas on Murcga Pires & Cavalcante 52602 are described 
as having been "purple", the flowers slightly fragrant, and the 
plant itself "rare". 

The Archer 807 and Barbosa de Silva 155, distributed as the 


6 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, now 1 


typical form of V. triflora, are actually var. coriacea Huber. 

Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Ll. Williams 15688 
(Ve--8096, W—2)2862)). BRAZIL: Amap4: Irwin, Murga ‘ca Pires, ie. * 
Westra 18311 (N); Murga Pires 48560 (Mi, N); hiurga Pires &  Cavel- 
cante 52602 (N, Rf); Murga Pires, Rodrigues, & Irvine 50166 (N). 
Amaz6nas: K Krukoff 4704 (W—1662717), 6869 (W—1660920) « . Pard: 
Frées 20381 1 (W--2),3902) ; Killip & Smith ith 30598 (W—14,6181) ; vur- 
ga ga Pires ‘es 51907 (N). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Herb. 
Vahl s.n sen. [ex India; Herb. Willdenow 11701; Macbride photos 
22779] (W--photo of type). 


VITEX TRIFLORA var. ANGUSTILOBA Huber 

Synonymy: Vitex triflora angustiloba Huber apud Stapf, Ind. 
Lond. 6: 479. 1931. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 161-162. 
SE se tage a Résumé 112 & 78. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 
15: 25. 1967. 

The Huber (1909) reference in the bibliograph of this variety 
is dated "1907-8" by Stapf (1931), but the pages involved seem 
to have appear first in 1909. 


VITEX TRIFLORA var. CORIACEA Huber 

Synonymy: Vitex triflora coriacea Huber apud Stapf, Ind. Lond. 
6: 479. 1931. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 162. 1958; 
oe Résumé 112 & 478. 1959; Uoldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 

25. 1967. 

Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 2 feet tall, 
or a large tree, known as "piquia-rana", flowering in November 
and December. The corollas on Archer 8047 are said to have been 
"lavender", 

The Huber (1909) reference cited in the bibliography of this 
variety is dated "1907-8" by Stapf (1931), but the pages involved 
appear not to have been issued until 1909. 

Material has been inaccurately identified and distributed in 
herbaria as typical V. triflora Vahl. 

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paré: Archer 8047 (N); Barbosa 
de Silva 155 (N). 


VITEX TRIFLORA var. FLORIBUNDA Huber 

Additional synonymy: Vitex triflora floribunda Huber apud 
Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 79. 1931. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 162--163. 
1958; Moldenke, Résumé 112, 387, & 478. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 
Suppl. 15: 25. 1967. 

As mentioned above under the other varieties of this species, 
the Huber (1909) reference in the bibliography is cited as 
"1907-8" by Stapf (1931), but it seems that the pages involved 
here did not actually appear in print until 1909. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex h7 
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Pard&: Ducke 971 (W—1832289). 


VITEX TRIFLORA var. KRAATZII Huber 

Additional synonymy: Vitex triflora kraatzii Huber apud Stapf, 
Ind oLend.6:. '79.-1931.. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 83. 1961; 
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 25. 1967. 

The original publication of this variety by Huber (1909) is 
inaccurately cited by Stapf (1931) as "1907-8". 


VITEX TRIFLORA var. QUINQUEFOLIOLATA Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 83. 1961. 
The Ecuadorean collection cited below consists only of leaves 
and fruit and it is therefore placed here only tentatively. 
Additional citations: ECUADOR: Guayas: Gilmartin 5)8 (W-- 
2),28)12) . oe |. ele 


VITEX TRIFOLIA L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 638 [as "trifoliis"]. 1753 
[not V. trifolia Graham, 1966, nor Hemsl., 19,9, nor Moon, 
1895, nor Sessé & Moc., 1940, nor Vahl, 191, nor "sensu 
Matsumura & Hayatat, 1963]. 

Additional & emended synonymy: Vitex triflora odorata, syl- 
vestris J. Burm., Thes. Zeyl. 209--210, pl. 109. 1737. Vitex 
incisa Wall. apud Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 6 (lk): 251, in 
syn. 1893 [not V. incisa Bunge, 1927, nor Lam., 1788, nor 
Thunb., 1947]. Vitex agnus castus var. Kurz ex Watt, Dict. E- 
con. Prod. India 6 (4): 251, in syn. 1893. Vitex trifolia L. f. 
ex K. Schum., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. App. 1: 55, sphalm. 
1895. Vitex trifoliolata L. apud J. Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 
(2): 534--535. 1912. Vitex trifoliolata var. trifoliolata 
Schau, apud J. Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2): 534-535. 1912. 
Vitex trifolia @ trifoliata Cham. apud Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 
1: 191, in syn. 1948. Vitex trifolia d trifoliolata Schau. 
apud Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 1: 191, in syn. 1948. Vitex tri- 
folia trifoliolata "Schau. ex Blanco" apud Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 
479. 1931. Viiex trifolia L. ex Hosokawa, Journ. Soc. Trop. 
Agr. Taiwan 6: 206, sphalm. 193). 

Additional & emended bibliography: J. Bumm., Thes. Zeyl. 209— 
210 & 229, pl. 109. 1737; J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, 
pr. 1, 2: 962 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 962. 1796; Horsf., Verh. Bat. 
Gen. 8: 10). 1816; Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 361. 1819; Steud., Nom. 
Bote, ed. 1, 888. 1821; Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 69. 
1832; Schnitzl., Icon. Fam. Nat. Reg. Veg. 137. 1856; Mason, 
Burmah & its People, ed. 2, 413, 79, & 792. 1860; Miq., Cat. 
Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 70. 1870; Beddome, Forester's Man. Bot. S. 
Ind. 172. 1873; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 1, 296. 1881; 

Watt, Econ. Prod. India 5: 294—-295, 1883; Vidal, Phan. Cuming. 

Philip. 13). 1885; Warb. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 13: 28-29. 

1891; Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 6 (4): 251. 1893; W. A. Tal- 


48 PHY SOL OT A Vol. 17, no. 1 


bot, Syst. List Trees Shrubs Bomb, 161 & 229. 189k; Jacks. in 
Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 1213 & 121k. 1895; Ke 
Schum., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. App. 1: 55 (1895) and 1: 206. 
1896; Anon., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. App. 1: 36. 1897; K. 
Schun., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. App. 2: ly—-15. 1698; Anon., 
Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. App. 2: 19. 1899; Gamble, Man. Ind. 
Timb., ed. 2, 539. 1902; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 832--833. 
1903; C. B. Clarke in J. Schmidt, Bot. Tidsskr, 26: 173. 190; E. 
D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 1, Suppl. 1: 121. 1906; Kawa- 
kami, List Pl. Formos. 85. 1910; Duthie, Fl. Upper Gang. Plain 2: 
22h. 1911; Craib, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 9: 3. 1911; Craib, Con- 
trib. Fl. Siam Dicot. 164—165. 1912; Dunn & Tutcher, Kew Bull. 
Misc. Inf, Addit. Ser. 10: 20). 1912; J. Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. 
2 (2): 534--535. 1912; E. D. Merr., Interpret. Rumph. Herb. Am- 
boin. 453, 52h, & 594. 1917; H. J. Lam in Lam & Bakh., Bull. 
Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 53. 1921; Haines, Bot. Bihar & 
Orissa h: 711 & 712. 1922; Nakai, Trees & Shrubs Indig. Jap., ed. 
1, 1: 350, fig. 190. 1922; H. N. Ridl., Journ. Malay Br. Roy. 
Asiat. Soc. 1: (Mal. For. Trees] 83. 1923; H. J. Lam in Engl., 
Bot. Jahrb. 59: 27, 28, & 92—93. 192; C. J. F. Skottsberg, 
Medd. GUteb. Bot. Tradg. 2 [Haw. Vasc. Pl.]: 259. 1925; Gamble, 
Fl. Presid. Madras 2: 1101 & 1102. 192); Mezger, Ann. Mus. Col. 
Marseille, sér. ), 4h: pl. 60. 1926; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 
7: 252. 1929; C. A. Gardn., Enum. Pl. Austr. Occid. 3: 112. 

1931; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 29. 1933; Kanehira, Fl. 
Micrones. 33 & £57. 1933; Tu, Chinese Bot. Dict., abrdg. ed., 
1337. 1933; Hosokawa, Journ. Soc. Trop. Agr. Taiwan 6: 206. 

1934; Terazaki, [Illustr. Fl. Jap.] fig. 2499. 1938; Fletcher, 
Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 431--433. 1938; Corner, Gard. Bull. 
Straits Settl. 10: 256--260. 1939; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., 
Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 2: 1213 & 121). 1946; Selling, Bishop Mus. 
Spec. Publ. 38: 275 & 11. 197; L. H. Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl., 
ed. 2, 843, 844, & 111). 1949; W. J. Bean in Chittenden, Roy. 
Hort. Soc. Dict. Gard. h: 2250. 1951; Hocking, Dict. Terms Phar 
macog. 166 & 23. 19553; Kuck & Tongg, Mod. Trop. Gard. 77 & 236. 
1955; Darlington & Wylie, Chromosome Atl., pr. 1, 323, 1955; 
Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17: 71, 72, 79-83, & 273, fig. 
10 (5 & 6). 1956; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 30: 1370. 1958; H. St. John, 
Nomencl. Pl. 7h. 1958; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 32: 2353. 1958; 
Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Index 1929-1956, 293. 1959; Nath, Bot. Surv. 
South, Shan States 30l--305. 1960; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., 
Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 1213 & 121). 1960; Darlington & Wylie, Chro- 
mosome Atl., pr. 2, 323. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 83--8). 
1961; Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromosome Numb. 2: 137. 1961; Deb, Bull. 
Bot. Surv. India 3: 315. 1961; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.5: 42. 
1962; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 37: 1062. 1962; F. R. Fosberg, Bish- 
op Mus. Occas. Papers 23 (2): 1-2. 1962; Thothathri, Bull. 
Bot. Surv. India 4: 291. 1962; Hatusima, Mem. South. Indust. Sci. 
Inst. Kagoshima Univ. 3: 31. 1962; Van Steenis-Kruseman, Fl. 
Males. Bull. 3: 695 & LI. 1962; Li, Wood. Fl. Taiwan 973. 1963; 
Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 534. 1963; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 2, 
621 & 1012. 1963; Sharma & Mukhopadhyay, Journ. Genet. 58: 359, 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 9 


366, 376, 379, & 539. 1963; E. E. Lord, Shrubs & Trees Austral. 
Gard., rev. ed., 232. 196; Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromosome Numb. 2: 
331. 196; Menninger, Seaside Pl. 32, 154, & 155, pl. 223. 196h; 
Duffy, Journ. Appl. Ecol. 1: 227-226, 231, 23h, 2h2, 2h3, & 2h8. 
1964; Straatmans, Micronesica 1: 115. 196; Backer & Bakh., Fl. 
Java 2: 60) & 605. 1965; J. S. Beard, Descrip. Cat. W. Austr. Pl. 
93. 1965; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 8. 1965; H&msel, Leuckert, 
Rimpler, & Schaaf, Phytochem. 4: 19 & 21. 1965; Quisumbing, Govt. 
Sarawak Sympos. Ecol. Res. Humid Trop. Veg. 35 & 36. 1965; Bose, 
Handb. Shrubs 96 & 97. 1965; Malick, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 
55. 1966; Gaussen & al., Trav. Sect. Scient. & Tech. Inst. Frang. 
Pond, Hors ser. 7: 71 & 10). 1966; T. C. Whitmore, Guide Forests 
Brit. Solomon Isls. 206. 1966; Lourteig, Taxon 15: 28. 1966; 
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 15 & 25. 1967; Sauer, Plants & Man 
Seychelles 102. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 78 & 267 (1967), 
152 472 (1968), and 16: 495. 1968. 

Additional & emended illustrations: Terazaki, [Illustr. Fl. 
Jap.J, fig. 2499. 1938; Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17): 79 
fig. 10 (5 & 6). 1956; Menninger, Seaside Pl. 15, pl. 223. 196. 

Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965) describe this plant 
as being a very aromatic shrub, the stem erect, not rooting from 
the nodes, the leaflets 1--3, those of the 2- or 3-foliolate 
leaves either all sessile or the median (largest) leaflet on a 
petiolule of less than 0.5 cm. in length, ovate-elliptic to ob- 
long-obovate, the largest leaflet of the 2= or 3-foliolate 
leaves --9.5 cm. long and 1.7--3.7 cm. wide, the unifoliolate 
leaves 2--6.5 cm. long, 1.3--3.5 cm. wide, all very densely 
covered with white or gray hairs beneath; panicles narrow, 3.5-- 
2h cm, long; cymes 2—-6.5 cm. long (including the 2--25 mm. 
long peduncle), 3—15-flowered, rather dense to rather lax; 
calyx 3--l.5 mm. long; corolla-tube 7-8 mm. long; median seg- 
ment of the lower lip )—-6 mm. in diameter. They say that the 
species is found in teak forests, brushwood, secondary forests, 
and "periodically very much desiccating localities", and is also 
cultivated as a hedge-plant in Java. The make the further com- 
ment that "Some specimens closely approach the next species [V. 
paniculata Lam.]". 

The corolla is described as having been "purple" on S. Olsen 
879. Bose (1965) reports the plant as "very hardy, leaves 
simple or 3-foliolate", best propagated by the so-called "gootie" 
method. The plant has been collected in fruit in Jamuary as 
well as during the months previously recorded by me. Cave (1961, 
196) reports the diploid chromosome number for this species as 
26 and 3h. 

Deb (1961) says of this plant: "lft. glabrous above, tomentose 
beneath, panicles white tomentose, corolla tomentose, lavender 
blue. Very common in valley, gregarious, in damp or moist waste 
ee along drains and roads or river banks" and cites his no. 
128. 
~~ It should perhaps be noted here that the V. trifolia accred- 
ited to Graham is a synonym of V. negundo L., that ascribed to 


50 P Bek fr Ost 0165 A Vol. 17, no, 1 


Hemsley and to "sensu Matsumura & Hayata" is V. trifolia var. 
simplicifolia Cham., that accredited to Moon is V. altissima L.f., 
that of Sessé & Mocifio is V, mollis H.B.K., while that ascribed 
to Vahl is V. triflora Vahl. 

According to Lourteig (1966) the name, V. trifolia L., is 
based on and typified by P, Hermann 70. locking (1955) informs 
us that the leaves of this plant have a volatile oil containing 
cineol and methyl alcohol, and that this oil is used medicinally. 
Additional vernacular names recorded for the plant are "Cayenne 
pepper", "hamago", "kyaung banm ye-kyi-yo-ban", "lagunding dagat", 
"mitsuba-hamagd", "pani-sanbhalu", "shiru-fiki", and "tachi- 

ot. 

Lord (196) recommends the species for planting in coastal 
climates in Australia. Malick (1966) reports it not so common in 
West Bengal, citing Biswas 35. T.C. Whitmore (1966) cites Wa- 
terhouse 60 from the Solomon Islands. Vidal (1885) cites Cuming 
1493 from the Philippines. 

Duffy (196) states that "Vitex trifolia" [surely one of the 
varieties, not the true species!] was introduced in 1658 on As- 
cension Island, having been received in a consigrment of 228 
species of plants from the Capetown Botanic Garden, and is now 
widespread on the island, He also avers that beetles are a form 
of insect life scarce on Ascension Island, but are found on this 
"Vitex trifolia", as well as on Opuntia and Acacia, there. 

Straatmans (196) informs us that V. trifolia is among the 
tropical seashore buoyant-seed plants in the coastal community on 
Eua island, but it is probable that he is here actually referring 
to var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke. 

The Lam (192) reference in the bibliography of this species 
is often cited as "1925", but the latter is merely the title- 
page date for the volume; the pages cited appeared in 192). The 
Blanco (1878) reference is dated "1878-80" by Stapf (1931), but 
the plate which concerns us here seems to have been issued in 
1878. The "Basu, Ind. Med. Pl. pl. 2499" referencesgiven by me 
in the bibliography published in 1958 should be deleted; they 
are the result of errors in transcription for Terazaki, [Illustr. 
Fl. Jap.] fig. 299 (1938). Prain (1903) writes the Watt refer- 
ences given in the bibliography above as "E. D. 5: 181", but 
this is actually a paragraph reference, not a page reference! 

The following incomplete bibliographic references occur in 
the literature of V. trifolia, but have not as yet been located 
by me in any library consulted: Aplin, Rep. on the Shan States, 
Settl. Rep. Chanda app. 6; Baden Powell, Pb. Pr. 36); Boorsma, 
Plantenstoffen 4: 111; Cooke, Oils & Oil-seeds 81; Fleming, Med. 
Pl. & Drugs [Asiatic Reser. 11] 18); Gazetteer Mysore & Coorg 1: 
6h; Koord., Natuurk Tijdschr. v. B. 1, 8: 89 and 20: 223; Ridl., 
Mal. Geneesmiddeln 28; Pharm. Ind. 163; Tijdschr. v. Land- en 
Tuinbouw en Boschcultuur 5: 554; Waitz, Practische Waarnemingen 
10. 

The D. Anderson 2143, Elmer 15236, Haenke s.n. (Mariana, 1792], 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 51 


Kajewski 217, and H. E. Parks 20857, distributed as typical V. 
trifolia, are all var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke; A. A. Heller 
2731, Taam 1702, M. Mt. Townsend s.n. [Oct. 20, 190], a and Ge Ce 
Wright s.n sn. fone Kong] & s.n. [Bonin Telands] are var. implici- 
folia Cham.; E. H. Bryan 1315, Chapin 853, E. Y. Dawson 19825, F. 
Re R. Fosberg 11981 & 36709, K. P. Fosberg g 5, J eis “Gillespie pie 4380, 
Sonia, aun 210, d~03 We r, Moore 696, Native collector DI.1)9 (Herb. 
Roy. Farest Dept. 35671, Quayle 1261, J. F. G. Rock 2325, 2969, 
7838, & sen. (S. Kona, April 28, “1958), H. Saint , Saint John in 11252 & & 
16573, Schiffner ohsh, A. Ce smith 4559 & 6078, . A. M. Stokes a; 
Toroes 910, and Waterhouse 60 [Her (Herb. Mu: Mus. Yale Sch. “Forest. 
22664] are all var. subtrisecta (Kuntze) Moldenke; and H. Saint 
John 16705 is the type collection of var. subtrisecta f. . albi-- 
flora Moldenke. 

Additional citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: PHILIPPINE IS- 
LANDS: Mindoro: H. H. Bartlett 13707 (Mi). Papahag: S. Olsen 
879 (Cp). INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sumatra: “Yates tes 11,80 
(i), 1941 (Mi). MELANESIA: BISMARK ARCHIPELAGO: New Britain: _ 
Dissing 27 2722 (Cp, Z). 


VITEX TRIFOLIA var. BICOLOR (Willd.) Moldenke 

Additional synonymy: Vitex negundo var. bicolor Lam., in herb. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. l, 
888. 1821; Bocq., Adansonia 3: [Rev. Verbenac.] 253. 1863; Watt, 
Dict. Econ. Prod, India 6 (4): 248. 1893; Jacks. in Hook. f. & 
Jacks.e, Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 1213. 1895; H. J. Lam in mgl., Bot. 
Jahrb. 59: 27-28 *e 93. 192h; H. J. Lam in Bakh. & Lam, Nov. 
Guinea 1), Bot. 1: 169. 192); A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 
2h9. 1933; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settl. 10: 257, 1939; 
Jacks. in Hook, f, & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 2: 1213. 196; 
Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 2h). 19475 Moldenke in Hum~ 
bert, Fl. Madag. 17h: 72, 83, & 272—273. 1956; Yuncker, Pl. 
Tonga 232. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pre 3, 
2: 1213. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 8)—86. 1961; Backer & 
Bakh., Fl. Java 2: 605. 1965; B. C. Stone, Micronesica 2: 132. 
1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 306. 1967. 

Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965) adopt the name, Vv. 
paniculata Lam., for this taxon, but admit that it is very fre- 
quently confused with V. negundo L. and is sometimes "difficult 
to be distinguished" from V. trifolia "with which it seems to 
hybridize." Corner (1939) says "This variety is so curiously 
intermediate between V. negundo and V, trifolia, that one cannot 
doubt that it covers their hybrids." Lam (192h) regarded 
Volkens 42s, from Yap, as a hybrid between what he called Vv. ne- 
gundo ¥ var. bicolor and V. trifolia var. trifoliolata. In regard 
to the theory that this taxon is a natural hybrid between V. ne- 
gundo and V. trifolia, it is worth pointing out that it has ‘s been 


52 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 


collected — often abundantly -- on at least seventy-five islands 
in the Pacific Ocean area on which V, negundo does not occur, or, 
at least, has never been found and is very unlikely to occur. I 
have no doubt that these two species do hybridize [see under Vv. 
negundo in these notes], but this taxon does not represent this 
hybrid. Nor do I feel that it is worthy of specific rank. As 
Backer and Bakhuizen van den brink themselves admit, there are 
many specimens intermediate between it and the typical V. trifo- 
lia. 
~~ Recent collectors and writers describe this plant as a shrub, 
6--12 feet tall, or a tree, 8--10 m. tall, with 3-5 leaflets per 
leaf, the petiole 2--6 cm. "long, the middie leaflet on a petio- 
lule 0. 5--2 cm. long, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 3.5-—-10 
cm. long, 1.5--3.5 cm. wide, very acutely acuminate at the apex, 
the 2 adjacent leaflets (in the 5-foliolate leaves) smaller or 
. shorter-petioluled, the outermost leaflets (in 5-foliolate 
leaves) smallest, Sessile or subsessile; panicles pyramidal-ovoid, 
lax, 6—-20 cm. long, the cymes distinctly forked, 2—10 cm. long 
(inclusive of the peduncle which is 5—l0 m. long), many-flow- 
ered, lax; calyx 1.5—-3 mm. long; corolla-tube 4—5 mm. long, the 
median lobe of the lower lip 3--l mm. long and 2.5--3 mn. wide. 
The corolla is described as having been "blue" on Janowsky 518 518 
and "pale-lilac" on Purseglove P.5015. 

The plant has been collected on coral limestone, in thickets, 
above beaches, on sandy beaches and adjacent localities, especial- 
ly on the older parts of the beach-wall, rarely more inland. 
Yuncker (1959) says that it is occasional throughout Tonga and 
notes for its general distribution "From eastern Africa and India 
through Malaysia to Polynesia. Presumably the V. trifolia of 
Hemsley's and Burkill's list." The leaves are used as a medicine 
in the treatment of fever in Samoa. Additional vernacular names 
recorded for it are "agulundi" and "gamulega". Stone (1966) re- 
cords the plant from Nukuoro in the Caroline Islands, where it is 
known as "kdsik", 

It should be pointed out here that the Lam (192);) reference in 
the bibliography of this variety is often cited as "1925", but the 
latter date is merely the title-page date for the volume; the 
pages involved here appeared in the year 192. In this work Lam 
cites Janowsky 518 from Dutch New Guinea, Hollrung 86, Lewandow- 
sky 48, Nyman 210, and Schlechter 1253 fran ose Northeastern New Gui- 
nea, "Dahl yg and Tanbesbaah 166 from New Britain, Kraemer s.n., 
Ledermann lize, and Raymundus s 178 from the Palau Islands, Krae- 
mer s.n. and Ledermann n 13531 f from the Caroline Islands, beware Haenke 
sens and Hfer 25 from the Mariana Islands. The feu Miateniida, de 
Bruyn 41) whic which he also cites is actually f. albiflora (Kuntze) 
Moldenke. He notes that Lewandowsky 48 shows one 1-foliolate 
leaf. . rk 

The J. A. Price s.n. [May 10, 1943), distributed as var. bi- 
color, is actually var. siete Moldenke. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 53 


Additional citations: TANGANYIKA: Tanner 2960 (S). ZANZIBAR: 
H. G. Faulkner 2389 (S). WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: PHILIPPINE IS- 
LANDS: Cagayan: Kondo & Edafio s.n. [Philip. Nat. Herb. 39032] 
(Bi). Luzon: Elmer 15236 (Bi). Mindanao: Elmer 11999 (Bi). Min- 
doro: G. T. Velasquez 11 z% 11 (Bi). Naranjo: Kondo & Edafio s.n. 
[Philip. Nat. Herb. 38739] (Bi). Polillo: R. C. McGregor s.n. 
(Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 10270] (Bi). MARIANA ISLANDS: Guam: H. 
M. Mayo sen. [Oct. 2h, 1947] (Bi); P. Nelson 522 (Bi), 535 (Bi, 
Bi). Saipan: W. H. Lange 47 (Bi). “Tinian: RS Se Cowan s. sen. [A- 
pril 3, 1945] (Bi); Hosokawa 7700 (Bi); Kanehira a 55 (Bi (Bi); Ko: Kondo 
1 (Bi), 58 (Bi). Island undetermined: Haenke s. Sone . (Mariana, 17 1792] 
(Bi). INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sarawak: Purseglove P. 
5015 (N). Sumatra: Ltttjeharms 655 (Bi, Bi). MICRONESIA: CARO- 
LINE ISLANDS: Arekalong: Takamatsu 1697 (Bi). Dublon: Takamatsu 
134 (Bi). Ifaluk: Abbott & Bates 18 (Bi (Bi). Kusaei: Takamatsu 187 
(Bi). Lele: Glassman 2716 (Bi). Lukunor: D. }. Anderson 2143 (Bi). 
Ponape: Takamatsu 780 (Bi). MELANESIA: NEW GUINEA: Dutch New 
Guinea: Aet & Idjan 348 (A). SOLOMON ISLANDS: Florida: Seale s. 
n. [May 23, 1903] (Bi). Guadalcanal: Kajewski 2117 (Bi). NV 
HEBRIDES: Aneityum: Kajewski 801 (Bi). YASAWA FIJI ISLANDS: Fu- 
langa: A. C. Smith 1200 (Bi). ~ Kansavu: A. C. Smith 31) (Bi). 
Koro: A. Scr - Smith mith 1075 (Bi). Ovalau: J. W. Gillespie 503 (Bi, 
Bi). Taveuni: J. W. Gillespie 1687 [wood n no. 215) (aie Vanua 
Levu: A. C. Smith 6622 (Bi). Viti Levu: E. H. Bryan 208 (Bi); 


MacDaniels 1008 (1 (Bi); 1 Meebold 1692 (Bi), 21385 (Bi); He H. E. Parks 
20800 (Bi), 208 20857 (Bi); Tothill & T & Tothill 660 (1 (Bis EAU FIJI 1s- IS- 
LANDS: Thithia: 5 E. H. Bryan yan 556 (Bi). TONGAN ISLANDS: Eua: H. E. 
Parks 16178 (Bi). Nomuka: Yuncker 15901 (Bi). Tonga: McKern n 27_ 
(Bi). Tongatabu: Yuncker 15011 (Bi). POLYNESIA: WESTERN SAMOA: 
te E. Christophersen 936 (. (Bi), 2849 (Bi). Upolu: A. J. 
Eames 36 (Bi). EASTERN SAMOA: Ofu: Yuncker 9566 (Bi). Safotu: 
Vaupel 389 (Bi). Tau: D. W. Garber 611 (Bi); Yuncker 910) (Bi). 
Tutuila: W. A. Setchell 531 (Bi). NIUE: Yuncker a (Bi). 
COOK ISLANDS: : Rarotonga: Parks & Parks 22573 (Bi (Bi)3 Ge | - P. Wilder 
1000 (Bi). CULTIVATED: Samoan Islands: D. W. ‘Garber = os (Bi); 
Ge P. Wilder 48 [28] (Bi). 


VITEX TRIFOLIA var. BICOLOR f. ALBIFLORA (Kuntze) Moldenke 

Synonymy: Vitex agmus-castus § negundodes f. albiflora Kuntze, 
Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 510. 1891. Vitex agnus-castus var. negundodes 
f. albiflora Kuntze ex Moldenke, Résumé 380, in syn. 1959. Vitex 
trifolia var. bicolor f. albiflora Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 86. 
1961. Vitex agmis-castus var. negundoides f. albiflora Kuntze, 
in herb, 


Sh P Boy. T50\ Dt) Ont ak Vol. 17, now 1 


Bibliography: Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 510. 1891; H. J. Lam dn 
Bakh. & Lam, Nov. Guin, "1h, Bot. 1: 169. 192; Moldenke, Résumé 
380. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 86. 1961. 

Collectors describe this plant as a tree, 5m. tall, the trunk 
9 cm. in diameter, the leaves white beneath, and the corolla 
white. 

The type of the form, as originally described by me, is H. E. 
Parks 16178, from Eua Island in the Tongan group. However, 
Kuntze apparently described the taxon earlier, based on a col- 
lection made by himself in Dakkan, Bombay, India. Since he al- 
so gave the taxon form rank, it is obvious that his description 
is the valid one and mine, being so mch later, is illegitimate. 
His collection, therefore, becomes the true type of the taxon. 

The Feuilleteau de Bruyn 414, cited by Lam (192), apparently 
belongs to this form since its corollas as described as having 
been white. It was collected on Schouten Island, New Guinea, 
but I have not as yet been able to examine it, nor Kuntze's type. 


VITEX TRIFOLIA var. PURPUREA Lord, Shrubs & Trees Austral. 
Gard., rev. ed., 232 [as Ntrifolia 'purpurea'"), 1964; Mol- 
denke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 15, 1967. 

The pend description by Lord (196) of this variety is 
"Vitex trifolia 'purpurea' with soft clean leaves, purple be- 
neath", It is apparently cultivated in Australian gardens and I 
know nothing else about it. 


VITEX TRIFOLIA var. SUAPLICIFOLIA Chan. 

Additional & emended synonymy: Vitex trifolia var. unifoliata 
Miq., Cat. Mus. Bot. Lugd.—Bat. 70. 1870. Vitex trifolia var, 
unifoliata Schau. ex Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 85. 1910. Vitex 
rotundifolia L. ex S. Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 353 & 354. 1928. 
Vitex trifolia unifoliolata Schau. ex Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 79. 
1931. Vitex trifolia unifoliolata "Schai. in DC." apud Worsdell, 
Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 501. 1941. Vitex trifolia ovata Mak. ex 
Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 501. 1941. Vitex agms-castus 
ovata (Thunb . ) Kuntze ex Hara, Emm. Sperm. Jap. 1: 190, in syn. 
1948. Vitex trifolia Hemsl. Soul Rehd., Bibliog. Cult. Trees 
585, in syn. 1949 [not V. trifolia Graham, 1966, nor. L., 1753, 
nor L. f., 1895, nor Moon, 1895, nor Sessé & Moc., 1940, nor 
Vahl, 1941]. Vitex trifolia subsp. litoralis Van Steenis, Blumea 
8: 516. 1957. Vitex trifolia var. unifoliata DC. ex Moldenke, 
Phytologia 6: 18h, i in syn. 1958. Vitex trifolia var. Sa OB 
ta DC. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 18h, - in syn. 1958. Vitex ro- 
tundifolia var. rotundifolia Mizushima ex Moldenke, Phytologia 
8: 86, in syn. 1961. Vitex trifolia var. ovata Saban ex Molden- 
ke, Pha alonis 8* 86, in syn. 1961. Vitex trifolia "sensu Mat- 


sum. & Hayata" apud li, Wood. Fl. Taiwan 63h, in syn. 1963. Vi- 
tex trifolia var. unifolia Judd, in herb. Vitex trifolia p 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex SS 


unifoliata Schau., in herb. Vitex trifolia var. ovovata Mak., in 


herb. 

Additional & emended bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. 
Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 962 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 962. 1796; Pers., 
Sp. Pl. 3: 359. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Hook. 
& Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 206, pl. 47. 1836; Miq., Cat. Mus. Bot. 
Lugd.-Bat. 70. 1870; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 
1, 2: 121. 1895; C. B. Clarke in J. Schmidt, Bot. Tidsskr. 26: 
173. 190h; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 1, Suppl. 1: 121. 
1906; Matsumura & Hayata, Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 22: 301. 
1906; Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 85. 1910; J. Matsumura, Ind. Pl. 
Jap. 2 (2): Bah=sa5 1912; H. J. Lam in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jad. 
Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 53. 1921; Nakai, Trees & Shrubs Indig. 
Jape, ed. 1, 1: 350, fig. 190. 1922; H. J. Lam in Engl., Bot. 
Jahrb. 59: 27. 19243; H. J. Lam in Bakh. & Lan, Nov. Guin. 1), Bot. 
1: 169. 192); C. J. F. Skottsberg, Medd. GSteb. Bot. Tridg. 2 
[Haw., Vasc. Pl. 1]: 259. 1925; S. Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 353 & 
354. 1928; Tu, Chinese Bot. Dict., abrdg. ed., 1337. 1933; Hoso- 
kawa, Journ. Soc. Trop. Agr. Taiwan 6: 206. 193); Fletcher, Kew 
Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 431—h33. 1938; J. Matsumura, [Bot. & 
Zool.] 10: 288, fig. 125. 1942; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., 

Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 2: 121). 196; Selling, Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. 
38: 275 & 411. 1947; Li & Keng, Taiwania 1 (2--)): 127. 1950; 
Van Steenis, Blumea 8: 516. 1957; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 30: 370. 
1958; Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromosome Numb. 1: 16. 1958; Moldenke, Bi- 
ol. Abstr. 32: 2353. 1958; Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Index 1929-1956, 
293. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 
121). 1960; Kitamura & Okamoto, Col. Illustr. Trees & Shrubs 
Japan 221, pl. 65. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 86-88. 1961; 
Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.5: 2. 1962; F. R. Fosberg, Bishop Mus. 
Occas. Papers 23 (2): 41-2. 1962; Nobuhara, Okada, & Fujihira, 
Jap. Journ. Ecol. 12: 101--103, 105, & 107. 1962; Liu, Illustr. 
Nat. & Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2: 1231, pl. 1039. 1962; M. J. 
Van Steenis-Kruseman, Fl. Males. Bull. 3: 695 & LI. 1962; Hatu- 
sima, Mem. South. Indust. Sci. Inst. Kagoshima Univ. 3 (1): 31. 
1962; Li, Wood. Fl. Taiwan 832, 834, & 973. 1963; Chuang, Chao, 
Hu, & Kwan, Taiwania 1 (8): 5), 58, & 63, pl. 3, fig. 40. 1963; 
Taniguti, Amat. Herb. 2 (3): 9. 1963; Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromosome 
Numb, 2: 331. 1964; Neal, In Gard. Hawaii, ed. 2, 728, fig. 277. 
1965; Backer & Bakh., Fl. Java 2: 60). 1965; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 765. 
1965; Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (3): )7—8. 
1966; Nobuhara, Journ. Jap. Bot. 19: 326—328, 330, 332—-33h, 
336——338, 341—345, & 348. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 25. 
1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 267 (1967), 15: 472 (1968), and 
16: hos. 1968. 

Additional & emended illustrations: Hook, & Arn., Bot. Beech. 
Voy. pl. 47. 1836; Nakai, Trees & Shrubs Indig. Jap., ed. 1, fig. 
190. 1922; J. Matsumura, [Bot. & Zool.] 10: 288, fig. 125. 192; 
Kitamura & Okamoto, Col. Illustr. Trees & Shrubs Japan pl. 65 
{in color]. 1960; Chuang, Chao, Hu, & Kwan, Taiwania 1 (8): 63, 
pls 3, fig. 40. 1963; Neal, In Gard. Hawaii, ed. 2, 728, fig. 277. 


56 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 


Recent collectors and writers describe this plant as a procum- 
bent or ascending, creeping shrub, 6-—-30 cm. tall, or a woody 
trailing vine, the whole "plant with stinky odor", the main stem 
1—2 m, long, often entirely buried in the sand from which only 
the flowering branchlets emerge, densely gray-white puberulent 
throughout; stems creeping, copiously rooting at the nodes, emit- 
ting many, erect, short, flowering branchlets; branches h-angled; 
leaves 1-foliolate; petioles 1.5--3.5 mm. long ["cm" by error in 
Backer & Bakh, (1965) ]; leaflet-blades herbaceous, broadly ovate 
or broadly elliptic to oval-elliptic-obovate, l. Raut cm. long, 
1.3—3.5 cm. wide, obtuse to rounded at the apex, entire (or a few 
2- or 3-partite), abruptly acute at the base, green and thinly 
puberulent above, densely grayish-puberulent beneath or densely 
white-tomentose especially beneath; panicles terminal, narrow, 1— 
9 cm. long, densely flowered, with very short branches; peduncles 
1--l cm. long; cymes 1--)-flowered, the lower ones often in the 
upper axils of the leaves; corolla blue, light~blue, or bluish- 
violet to purple-blue, purple, deep-purple, lavender, or red, a- 
bout 13 mm. long, from the insertion of the stamens inside up to 
half the length of the lower lip densely white-hairy, silky- 
pubescent on the outer surface, the tube about 7 mm. long, the 
median segment of the lower lip about 5 mm. long; calyx greenish, 
silky-pubescent; style about 15 mm. long; bases of the filaments 
villous; fruit drupaceous, globose, dry, black, 5—7 mm. wide, 
the lower half enclosed by the persistent fruiting-calyx; pyrenes 
corky. 

The corolla is described as having been "bluish-white" on F. 
R. Fosberg 8881, "purple" on Hurusawa 202, "blue" on H. L. Porter 
3 and E. H. “Wilson 10978, "deep-purple” on Ichikawa 200661, "red" 
on Tsang Sn. (Herb, Lingnan Univ. 16649), "lavender" on R Re C. 
Ching 1967, "light-blue" on McClure sn. (Herb. Lingnan Univ. 13095], 
and "purple-blue" on Liang 62926. C Cave (1958) reports the haploid 
chromosome number as 16. 

It should be noted here that the V. trifolia of Linnaeus the 
elder is a valid species, with the homonym ascribed to Linnaeus 
= younger as a synonym, while the V. trifolia of Graham is V. 

do L., that accredited to Moon is V. altissima L. f., that of 
pee & Mocifio is V. mollis H.B.K., and that ascribed to Vahl is 
V. triflora Vahl. 

Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia has been collected on sandy 
beaches, in sandy places by the sea, on loamy seashores, and along 
rocky roadsides, blooming from July to September. Fosberg (1962) 
and Corner (1939) feel that the plant should be called V. ovata 
Thunb., and in this they are followed by Backer & Bakhuizen van 
den Brink (1965) who note "Ridley....states that he saw specimens, 
transplanted into the interior, develop into V. trifolia. If 
this statement proves correct, V. ovata has to © be considered an 
edaphic form of V. trifolia.....1 never saw any transitional forn, 
nor were such forms ever observed by Corner." 


no Qs ii ke MA mV 
PHYTOLOGTA*®Y 
Designed to expedite botanical publication Bia 
Se a Deets SV h0L8 
Vol. 17 August, 1968 No. 2 
NEW YOR ‘4 
POTANICAL GARDEN 


CONTENTS 


DOUIVIN B:. Hiored of the. Praise Provinces (patt)i.. i. ee os OT 
Mere OIR Ne ees OUP CM) rc -6. geld Sh eatin cas a SiGe ae eee ew ATS 
MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. L. . . . .113 


MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Vitex. IX . . . .114 


Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 


303 Parkside Road 
Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 


U.S.A. i @ 


Price of this number, $1; per volume, $6.75, in advance, 
or $7 at close of volume 


et es * po) — hy A i > 
Y ran) « ia - = “Py * at se : . 
. Pe a MI ; 
ba 7 +. era. ~ a”. ~_ “os 
- : ... » he ? r| » > y 
fj . >! + he . 
. . F 
> 2 ~ . r 
~ ‘ - pe 
* bs . 
ue Ce A, 
~~ . ; 
< - 
& . 
‘ 
‘ 
a 


PROVENCHERIA 
3 
Mémoires de 1'Herbier Louis-Marie 
Faculté d'Agriculture, Université Laval 


—————————————— ee re te) tl eke 


FLORA 
OF THE 


PRAIRIE PROVINCES 


A HANDBOOK 
TO THE FLORA OF THE PROVINCES OF 
MANITOBA, SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA 


by 


BERNARD BOIVIN 


Herbier Louis-Marie, Université Laval 


and Department of Agriculture, Ottawa 


Part II 


Digitatae, Dimerae, Liberae 


(Continued) 


58 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


2. SCLERANTHUS L, KNAWEL 
Sepals fused; the tube becoming thick and hard and enclos- 
ing the utricule. Petals lacking. 


1. S. ANNUUS L. -- Knawel, German Knotgrass (Gnavelle, 
Herbe aux alouettes) -- Leaves opposite and connate in the man- 
ner of a Caryophyll. Puberulent annual with mmerous stems, 
Flowers green. Calyx lobes membranous-margined, slightly longer 
than the tube. Early to mid summer. Uncommon weed of roadsides 
and cultivation,-- NS-0, S-BC, (US), Eur. 

A Manitoba report by Montgomery 196 is not substantiated 
by any specimen at OAC or elsewhere (Montgomery in litt.). 


Order 4. CHENOPQDIALES 
Like the Polygonales, seems to be derived from the Caryo- 
phyllales, with the fruit reduced to a l-seeded utricule or 
achene, But the flowers typically 5-merous and the embryo, vi- 
sible through the seed coat, is annular or spirally curled. 


a. Flowers bractless, or exceptionally subtended 
by herbaceous bracts .....-+++sseeeeeeeee 15. Chenopodiaceae 
aa. Each flower subtended by scarious bracts .. 
cieiaiie te dts'e'sis'e eeiedeisioat’s vialevasiea ate | ta Ree Anuiaceae fe -o0 


78. CHENOPODIACEAE (GOOSEFOOr FAMILY) 
Herbs often thickish or fleshy. Hairs often short and 
thick, + subglobular. A family usually readily recognized by 
the curled embryo and the usually semi-fleshy and alternate 
leaves. 
a. Fleshy herb with vestigial leaves .......... 12, Salicornia 
aa, Leaves well developed. 
b. Shrubby. 
Ge VOLY SPI cccsesisssecvedccscenncees Lis SHRCOUAERe 
cc. Not spiny. 
dt Leaves: f1at' 7. 0G. sve cksetss Seercee. De Atriplex 
dd. Strongly TevoOlute ssiccccesccesevevee [ue BUrObis 
bb. Annual herbs. 
e. Fruit hidden between a pair of bracts. 
f. Bracts free at least above the 
MIGUG sissies wesiceetansaneacsestan Jap eeet rien 
ff. Bracts fused to the tip and enclo- 
Sing Che Trust s.cmescese css sbaselcea ta EpIMAeIe 
ee, Fruit not hidden. 
g. Fruit flanked by a pair of fused 
bracts; pistillate flower without 
PECIANEN. occ scisiincmieividc ne Camehen see) On SCE Oye 
gg. Pistillate flower and fruit bract- 
less, or the bracts neither fused 
nor hiding the fruit. 
h. Calyx much reduced and not sur- 
rounding the fruit. 


SCLERANTHUS 118 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 


i. Main leaves hastate to 
rhomboid-lanceolate ...... 3. Monolepis 
ii. Leaves = linear ....... ll. Corispermun 
hh. Fruit surrounded by the 
marcescent calyX ....ceccecocceeeee-e Group A 


Group A 
Annual herbs. Fruit surrounded by the marcescent calyx. 
Bracts lacking or small. 


a. Flowers unisexual, the staminate ones borne 
in a conspicuously differentiated terminal 
GPLKG tic we isieicns, oles Mats Miseleletiale he Ginial wala. sists CU iele epee cAxVELS 
aa. Flowers all perfect or some of them pistillate. 
b. Upper leaves and bracts stiff and ending 
intaccharpsand spiny points :6se~<cslsJckuien 15% Salgola 
bb. Foliage not spinescent. 
c. Fruit surrounded by a continuous 
horizontal wing cecceccscccescssoreses Oe CYCLOLoma 
cc. Not winged or with a discontinuous 
series of winged lobes. 
d. Foliage glabrous or glandular or 
mealy. 
6. Calyx thin .e-cccccccrccccece Le Chenopodium 
ee. Calyx fleshy. tae 
f. Flowers in axillary glome- 
Mules MOM es Merete leleleteleicieloelelelemelL tenouacda 
ff. Fruits in large strawberry- 
like glomerules ........ 1. Chenopodium 
dd. Foliage pubescent, the leaves and 
bracts long ciliate. 
ge Inflorescence densely pubescent, 
including the calyx cecccceece.- 10. Bassia 
gg.e Calyx glabrous, or the lobes 
sometimes ciliate ...ccccsccccccee Js KOchia 


1. CHENOPODIUM L. GOOSEFOOT, PIGWEED 
The basic and unspecialized type of the family. Flowers 
bractless, perfect, + 5-merous, with a persistent calyx enve- 
loping the fruit. 


a. Fruit a large strawoerry-like glomerule.... 1. C. capitatum 
aa. Fruit not or very little fleshy and the - 
inflorescence less congested. 
b. Leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear, 
entire or nearly so. 
c. Grayish-mealy, especially on the 
undersurface of the leaves ..... 5. C. leptophyllum 
cc. Pale green and nearly glabrous.... . C. subglaorum 
bb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to deltoid, “ay “RES ee 
mostly coarsely toothed. 
alas) CHENOPODIUM 


60 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


d. Leaves deltoid, nearly as broad as 
long and * truncate at base ........ 6. ©. Framontii 
dd. Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, ~ ™)" 
rounded to cuneate at base. 
e. Plants glabrous and green. 
f£. Leaves entire or essentially 
GO seecececcesesseeveresse Je Co polyspermum 
ff. Leaves lobed. La 
ge Seeds mostly vertical, 
0.8-L.O mm Wide eccccoescce 3e Co rubrum 
gg. Seeds horizontal, . 
1.4-3.0 mm wide ........ 10. C. hybridum 
ee. More or less mealy-puberulent, 
especially in the inflorescence 
and undersurface of the leaves, 
the latter paler to whitish below. 
h. Seeds mostly borne vertically, 
lmm wide or LESS weseseeeeeeee 26 Ce glaucum 
hh. Seeds nearly all horizontal, 
1 mm wide or more. 
i. Early flowering, the main 
leaves typically ovate ..... 8. C. album 
ii. Late flowering, the main as 
leaves oblong and subentire .. 
© aiwisipieie)oiain\ eo otsis Pres ots eeeee Te Co Strictum 


1. §. gapitatum (L.) Asch. (Blitum capitatum L.) -- Straw- 
berry-Blite, Indian Paint (Blette) -- Calyx becoming fleshy and 
bright red at maturity. Leaves triangular-hastate, coarsely 
dentate. Fruiting calyces aggregated in strawberry-like fruits, 
these partly axillary, partly in terminal leafless racemes. 
Early summer. Infrequent but conspicuous in disturbed or shal- 
low soils. -- Mack-Aka, NS, NB-3C, US, (Eur). 

An Alberta report of C. Bonus Henricus L. by Groh 1950 was 
based on H. Groh, Edson, 1935 (DAO), a sheet since reidentified 
to Cc. capitatum. 

C. foliosum (Moench) Asch. was reported by Wahl 195), pa- 
ge 9, as was C. virgatum (L.) Ambrosi by Aellen 1929, page hh. 
Both from Alberta and both based on a sheet, A.H. Brinkman 2858, 
Battle, woods, Aug. 28, 1927 (Aellen; DAO, photo), revised by 
Aellen to C. capitatum more than a quarter of a century ago. 
We%coucurs’ ~~ = 

A - glaucum L. var. pulchrum Aellen (var. salinum 
(Standley) Boivin; C. salinum Standley) -- Leaves tending to be 
the smallest, whitish-mealy below, nearly glabrous above. Erect 
to creeping and very branchy. Leaves broadly lanceolate and 
coarsely few-toothned. Fruit peltate or mostly erect, i.e. la- 
terally compressed, and about 1 mm wide. Mostly after mid sum- 
mer. Mostly exsiccated saline shores, often weedy. -- (K)-Mack, 
Aka, Q-BC, US. 

In our variety the glamerules are gathered on ultimate 


branchlets bearing reduced leaves almost to the tip, tepals are 
CHENOPODIUM 120 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 61 


mostly obovate and the inflorescence is often farinose-puberulent. 
The eurasian var. glaucum is none too readily recognized by its 
flowering branchlets almost devoid of reduced leaves, except to- 
wards the base, its mostly elliptic or oblong tepals and its gla- 
brous inflorescence. In Eastern Canada both varieties will be 
met with as infrequent weeds. 

a - ruorum L. (var. humile (Hooker) Watson; C. chenopo- 
dioides &) Aelien; C. humile Hooker) -- Fat Hen, French Spi- 
nach--Stamens only 1-2 and the fruiting calyx reddish and slight- 
ly fleshy. Plant erect to depressed, glabrous or nearly so. 
Foliage thickish. Leaves + rhombic-triangular, lobed, the lobes 
inclined forward. Glomerules less than 5 mm wide, rather nume- 
rous. Fruit erect, 1 mm wide or less. Mid summer. Saline sho- 
res, rarely weedy. -- sMack, Y, (NF-SPM), NS, NB-BC, US, Eur. 

The basis for an Alberta report of C. ambrosioides L. by 
Groh 1950 seems to be the collection G.H. Turner 43, Fort Sas- 
katchewan, garden, Aug. 4, 1937 (DAO), since revised to C. rubrum 
by Dr. H.C. Wahl in 1953. SAS wt 

Sometimes divided in two or, more rarely, in three species. 
Plants of more open habitats, and especially of pioneering ha- 
bitats, are more or less depressed (C. humile); obviously an 
ecological form. More luxuriant specimens have rarely been se- 
gregated as C. chenopodioides. 

4. C- subgiabrum (Watson) Nelson (C. leptophyllum Nutt. 
var. subglabrum Watson) -- Similar to the following, but barely 
puberuLlent and thus pale green in colour. Main stem leaves usu- 
ally quite glabrous, becoming slightly mealy in the inflorescen- 
ce. The latter broad and diffuse, with scattered flowers. First 
half of summer. Rare or inconspicuous pioneer on wind eroded 
sand. -- (swO)-Man-S, US. 

A species of eroded dunes, it is almost skeletic and thus 
easily overlooked. It may be much more common than herbarium 
sheets indicate. Thus far we have only one Manitoba record: 
Boivin & Laishley 13183, entre Oak Lake et Routledge, 4 ) milles 
au nord du lac de Chénes, dune active, juillet 1959 (DAO). 

5. - leptophyllum Nutt.(var. oblongifolium Watson; C. 
desgicatum Nelson; C. pratericola Rydb., ssp. dessicatum (Nel- 
son) Aellen) -- Grayish-mealy, and usually virgate, annual herb 
of light soils. Leaves narrow and entire or with a pair of weak 
lobes, grayish-mealy at least below. Fruits mostly horizontal, 
about 1 mm wide. Around mid summer. Steppes, especially on 
light or wind-eroded soils. -- Y, NS, swQ-BC, US, Eur, (CA). 

6. C. Fremontii Watson (C. atrovirens Rydb.) -- Mostly 
occuring ag a native annual in dry woods. A rather gracile and 
stiffly erect herb. Leaves usually thin and wilting very quick- 
ly. Spikes of glomerules very remotely moniliform. Fruit ho- 
rizontal, 1.2-1.5 mm wide. Early to mid summer. Dry woods; 
often under shrubs, especially Prunus, sometimes on shores. -- 
swMan-BC, US, (CA). 

An extension of range to Yukon by Hultén 1950 was based on 
Anderson & Brown 10 near Carcross, alkali flat, 30 July, 

3 DAO, photo), since revised to C. rubrun. 
121 ~ “CHENGP DIUM 


62 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no, 2 


Thicker-leaved plants are sometimes identified C. atrovi- 
rens. nA 


7. C. STRICTUM Roth (var. glaucophyllum (Aellen) Wahl; C. 
glaucophyllum Aellen) -- Resembling the following, but flowering 
later and commonly larger. Lower leaves ovate and shallowly 
serrate but the middle and upper oblong and * entire. Calyx 
lobes + elliptic. Fruit 1 mm wide or sligntly larger. Late 
summer and early fall. Waste places and disturbed soils, es- 
pecially in towns. -- sQ-sS, BC, US. 

Introduced plants in North America are usually distinguished 
ag var. glaucophyllum but the soundness of the distinction is 
questionable. The eurasian material at hand does not conform in 
its reputed differenceswith tne neogean phase. Seems likely that 
here many varietal identifications were made on the basis of 
geography rather than morphology. 

Most floras do not distinguish this species but it appears 
to be rather widely distributed in botn Canada and the U.S.A. 

In the field C. strictum is rather readily spotted by its prefer- 
ence for towns and waste-lots, its late flowering, its branching 
and its leaf dimorphism. C. strictum does not attract atten- 
tion and does not begin to flower until late August or early 
September, at a time when C. album is already heavily loaded with 
ripe fruits and shedding them. C. strictum is also heavily 
branched down to the base, the many Lower branches are closely 
set togetner and often nearly as long as the stem. The stem 
leaves are rather similar to those of C. album but the branch 
leaves are mostly entire and oblong-elliptic. Because of its 
heavy branching and size, usually a good meter tall, C. strictum 
does not lend itself to making good specimens and the average 
herbarium sheet is likely to be a mere snipping or a selected 
small (hence often depauperate) individual. But the later flo- 
wering time, the narrower shape of the calyx lobes and the smal- 
ler fruits snould provide good diagnostic features. 

8. G. aloum L. (£. lanceolatum (Munl.) Aellen; C. Berlan- 
dieri Moq., var. farinosum (Ludwig) Aellen; C. Boscianum Moqg.; 

C. dacoticum Standley; C. lanceolatum Muhl.; C. paganum Reich.; 
C. Zschackei Murray) -- Pigweed, Lamb's Quarters (Chou gras, 
Poulette grasse) -- The common middling type. Annual erect 
herb, + mealy, especially on the lower leaf surfaces. Main lea- 
ves more or less ovate and coarsely toothed. Calyx lobes del- 
toid. Seed + 1.5 mm wide, borne horizontally. Mostly mid sum- 
mer. Common weed of disturbed soils and humanized places, see- 
mingly native on shallow soils over rocky outcrops. -- (G), 
Mack-Aka, L-NF-(SPM), NS-BC, US, (CA), Eur. 

Plants with larger leaves and fruits have been distinguished 
as C. Bushianum Aellen or C. paganum. The merit of the distinc- 
tion is not clear to us. 

Native plants are reputedly distinguishable (as C. Boscianum 
or C. Berlandieri) by their ovary wall free from the achene or 
by being more proeminently keeled on the sepals, characters 
which have also been detected in a number of european specimens 
at hand. We are not yet satisfied that seemingly native plants 

CHENCP DIUM 122 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 63 


can be convicingly discriminated on these or any other charac- 
ters. 

9. C. POLYSPERMUM L. (var. acutifolium (Sm.) Gaudin) -- 
Allseed (Limoine, Poirée sauvage) -- Leaves glabrous, thin and 
entire, the main ones ovate to lanceolate. Seed maturing pur- 
ple-red, then black, about 1 mm across, horizontal. Second 
half of summer. Rare town weed: Wallwort. -- NB-O, S, US, Eur. 


10. GC. hybridum L. var. gigantospermum (Aellen) Rouleau-- 
Sowbane (Pied d'oie) -- Lares, OES OyEtS Teaves with + 3 pairs 
of large teeth or lobes. Flowers mostly in terminal panicles. 
Fruit greenish. Mid to late summer. Infrequent in dry woods 
and casually weedy. -- Y, NB-BC, US. 

American plants are supposed to have larger seeds, but our 
specimens do not conform to this pattern. However, our Canadian 
specimens do have black, shiny and essentially smooth seeds, 
while our European ones (var. hybridum) have seeds that are dull 
and finely but clearly rugose-reticulate. 

A Saskatchewan report of C. Bonus-Henricus L. by Groh 1950 
was based on two sheets of which the first, Shevkenek 127, 
Qu'Appelle Valley, 1938 (DAO) is now filed under C. hybridum 
var. gigantospermum, while the other, Carmichael 37, Regina, 


191 (DAO) has since been revised to Atriplex hortensis. 


2. CYCLOLOMA Moa. WINGED PIGWEED 
Calyx developing a peripheral wing at maturity. Otherwise 
as in Chenopodium. 


1. ¢. atriplicifolium (Sprengel) Coulter -- Tumbleweed-- 
Resembling Chenopodium but lightly lanate and not mealy. Lea- 
ves + oblanceolate, coarsely toothed. Flowers in moniliform 
spikes. Fruit about 3 mm across including the wing. Seed con- 
cave above, convex below. Mid to late summer. Disturbed 
sands: Agassiz Delta, Grande-Clairiére. -- swQ-sMan, US. 

We have been unable to substantiate a report from Baildon, 
Sask., by Russell 194, 1954, Groh 1950 and Breitung 1959, re- 
peated by Boivin 1966. 


3. MONOLEPIS Schrader 
Calyx reduced to a single sepal which thus takes on the 
appearance of a small bract. 


1. M. Nuttalliana (R. & S.) Greene -- Povertyweed -- Ra- 
ther resembling Chenopodium glaucum in general habit and leaf 
shape but the inflorescence much more leafy. Leaves not white 
below, merely slightly mealy. Fruit apiculate. Early summer. 
Native on saline shores, but mainly found as a weed of distur- 
bed soils. -- Mack-Aka, Q-(0)-Man-BC, US, (CA, SA). 


. SPINACIA lt. SPINACH 
Resembling Atriplex but the pistillate bracteoles fused 
all around and forming an accessory envelope around the seed. 
Flowers dioecious. 
123 SPINACIA 


64 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


1. S. OLERACEA L. -- Spinach (Epinard, Spinage) -- Fruit 
with 2-l, long spiny lobes. Leaves hastate to triangular, ra- 
ther large. Staminate flowers in spikes of glomerules. Pistil- 
late flowers in axillary glomerules. Early summer. Sometimes 
cultivated, rarely occuring as a waste ground or roadside weed. 
-- Mack, (Aka),Alta, (US} Eur. 


5. ATRIPIEX L. ORACHE 
Flowers dimorphic, the pistillate ones reduced to a naked 
ovary between 2 bracteoles. Staminate flowers as in Chenopo- 
dium. Pistillate bracts fused at base only. 


Hic) SAYUDDY: Weielclelssivisin Vic's dicleis odiviae sels sis eavele'eie sie! Ve Ac Mbbatti 
aa. Annual herbs. oe 
b. Pistillate bracteoles orbicular and 
GNU a teiels's cisinisin is ciolein slelaipl sia cocccceces Le Aw hortensis 
bb. Bracts variously shaped and cut. a 
c. The whole plant, and especially the 
leaves, more or less silvery, being 
densely covered by a scaly or mealy 
puberulence. 
d. Pistillate bracteoles coarsely 
toothed to summit ..........2--+ he A. argentea 
dd. Entire above the middle ........ 5. A. Powallii 
cc. Leaves glabrous or lightly mealy. 7 
e. Terminal spikes entirely staminate, 
the pistillate flowers borne only in 
inconspicuous axillary clusters....6. A. dioica 
ee. Terminal spikes at least partly ds 
pistillate, except in entirely 
Staminabe planta tectesisis' a= 'cisi- s\0 eee 3. Ae patula 


1. A. Nuttallii Watson var. Nuttallii (A. canescens AA., 
var. aptera AA.) -- Salt-Sage, Mowndscale -- Semi-shrubby, pro- 
ducing numerous erect herbaceous shoots from a woody base. Fo- 
liage densely mealy-puberulent and grayish-silvery. Herbaceous 
shoots simple, but with numerous axillary tufts of small leaves. 
Dioecious. Staminate flowers in yellow, moniliform, flexuous, 
and bractless spikes of glomerules. Pistillate flowers in a 
leafy terminal spike of glomerules. Mid summer. Eroded hills 
and badlands, sometimes in steppes on saline soils. -- swMan- 
Alta, US. 

Leaves mostly 0.5-1.0 cm wide and rather elliptic-lanceo- 
late to oblong-lanceolate. Other varieties occur further souta, 
including a var. falcata M.E. Jones witn narrower and rather 
linear leaves. 

All previous reports of A. canescens (Pursh) Nutt. and of 
its var. aptera (Nelson) C.L. Hitchc, from our area were based 
on specimens of A. Nuttallii. This remark includes the Moodie 
collection from Rosedale (GH; DAO, photo). 

2. A. HORTENSIS L. (A. nitens Schrank) -- Orach, French 
Spinach (Bonne-dame, Arroche) -- Fruit larger, suborbicular, 

ATRIPLEX 12h 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 65 


entire, flat, + 1 cm across. Tall, conspicuous, virgate herb. 
Leaves trianeul ar, rather large, the lower remotely dentate, tne 
upper entire, whitish-mealy below. Mid summer. Sometimes culti- 
vated and readily spreading to waste places and railway yards.-- 
swMack, (Aka), Q-BC, US, Eur -- Cv. ATROSANGUINFA -- Stem leaves 
and fruits more or less tinged in bright red: Hoosier. -- S. 

3. A. patula L. var. patula (var. hastata (L.) Gray; A. 
hastata L.) -- Spearscale (Belle dame, Bonne dame) -- Resembling 
a Chenopodium, but with about 3 main pairs of stem leaves being 
opposite. Diffusely branched. Leaves deltoid to lanceolate, 

+ dentate, the 2 lower teeth much larger. Flowers in terminal 
spikes which are bractless at least above the middle. Mid sum- 
mer and early fall. Native in saline places and a frequent 
weed of towns and disturbed soils. -- (seK)-Mack, (Aka, NF)-SPM, 
(NS-NB)-Q-BC, US, Eur -- Var. oblanceolata (Vict.& Rouss.) Boi- 
vin (A. glabriuscula AA.) -- Terminal spikes conspicuously 
bracted, the bracts mostly entire and lanceolate or oblanceola- 
te. Sea shores. -- (G, K, L)-NF, NS, NB-Q({O-nMan, US) -- Var. 
LITTORALIS (L.) Gray -- As var. patula, but the leaves narrower, 
+ linear, and entire. A coastal variation rarely appearing in- 
land as a weed. -- (K), NS-Man, BC, (US), Eur. 

As per a tradition now over 200 years old, the larger- 
leaved (i.e. deltoid-hastate) extreme is often segregated as A. 
hastata. It is not clear to us how this distinction facilita- 
tes in any way the intellectual apprehension of this polymorphic 
species. 

he A- argentea Nutt. -- Saltoush, Silverscale -- A whitish 
silvery annual with + deltoid leaves. Very leafy. Glomerules 
axillary, not forming distinct spikes. First half of summer. 
Open saline soils. -- swMan(Melita)-swS-BC, US. 

5. A. Powellii Watson -- Like the preceeding but smaller. 
Bracteolés entire, at least in the upper half. Upper leaves 
more reduced. Mid to late summer. Badlands: Steveville, Ro- 
sedale. -- sAlta, wus. 

6. A. dioica (Nutt.) Macor. (Endolepis Suckleyi Torrey)-- 
Rillscalée -- Staminate glomerules pinkish and forming lightly 
bracted terminal spikes. Pistillate glomerules inconspicuous 
in tne lower axils. Leaves lanceolate, subacuminate, somewhat 
glaucous, glabrous or nearly so. Early to mid summer. Saline 
flats. -- swo-Alta, US. 


6. SUCKLEYA Gray 
Pistillate flowers as in Atriplex but the bracteoles fu- 
sed laterally to the ovary instead of hiding it. 


1. §S. Suckleyana (Torrey) Rydb. -- Leaves flabellate and 
flabellately dentate. Somewhat mealy. Diffusely branched and 
resembling Amaranthus albus in habit. Fruit ovate-rhomboid, 
often with a pair of lobes on the angles, bifid at apex. Summer. 
Saline shores, sometimes weedy, but rather rare. -- S-seAlta, 


US). 
= 125 SUCKLEYA 


66 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


7. EVUROTIA Adanson 
Pistillate flowers and oracteoles much as in Suck ley ° 
Bracteoles with a conspicuous tuft of long hair. 


1. E. lanata (Pursh) Moq. -- Winter-Fat, Wnite Sage -- 
Densely stellate-pubescent throughout. Semi-shrubby in the man- 
ner of Atriplex Nuttallii. Dioecious. Leaves linear, revolute. 
Inflorescence + long-pilose. Early summer. Dry hills. -- 
swMan (Virden)-Alta, US. 


8. AXYRIS L. 
Staminate flowers in a terminal, naked spike of glomerules. 
Pistillate flowers solitary, axillary. Otherwise resembling 
Chenopodium. 


1. A. AMARANTHOIDES L. -=- Russian Pigweed -- Terminal spi- 
ke conspicuously differenciated, yellowish, and elongate. Other 
spikes much smaller and terminating the branches. Lightly to 
densely stellate-puberulent throughout. Leaves lanceolate. 
Calyx membranous. Mid summer. Frequent weed in disturbed soils, 
invading native habitats in shaded places. -- swMack, (NS)-PEI, 
Q-BC, US, Eur. 

At times seemingly native, but the earliest Canadian col- 
lection goes back only to 1886. 


9. KOCHIA Roth 
As Chenopodium, but the mature calyx developing a peripher- 
al wing or ridge, yet this character not obvious in our only 
species. Not mealy-pubescent. 


1. K. SCOPARIA (L.) Roth (K. trichophila Hort.) -- Summer- 
Cypress, Burning Bush (Petits soldats, Petits Pins) -- Very 
branchy and very leafy annual. Densely puberulent with tufts 
of long hairs in the inflorescence. Leaves mes Bracts 
very longeciliate. Calyx glabrous. The whole plant often turn- 
ing red in the fall. Late summer. Cultivated ornamental, fre- 
quent weed of streets, roadsides and waste places. -- NS, sQ- 
BC, (US), Eur. 

The weed is perhaps distinct from the cultivated ornamen- 
tal, but we know not how to differentiate them clearly. 


10. BASSTA All. 
As Kochia, but the mature calyx developing 5 spirally coil- 
ed horns. However most herbarium specimens are collected too 
early when this character is not yet readily observed. 


1. B. HYSSOPIFOLIA (Pallas) Ktze.-- Rather similar to 
Kochia and easily confused with it, but not so branchy and the 
Calyx as densely pilose as any other part of the inflorescence. 
Bracts lacking the long, spreading cilia of Kochia. After 
mid summer. Infrequent weed of railways and roadsides in alka- 
line areas. -- swS-3C, US, CA, (Eur). 

EUROTIA 126 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 67 


11. CORISPERMUM L. 
Flower much reduced, with only 1-(2) stamens and the calyx 
reduced to 1 sepal. 


1. ¢. pyssopifolium L. var. hyssopifoli (C. marginale 
Rydb.; C. simplicissimum Lunell) -- Bud-Seed, Tick-Seed -- Flo- 
wers not in glomerules, but solitary in the axil of large bracts. 
Very branchy and glabrous to stellate-pubescent, not mealy. In- 
florescence a terminal spike, rather dense and the bracts hiding 
the fruits. Seed discoid, with a peripheral wing 0.3-0.6 mm wi- 
de. Mid summer. Loose sands. -- Mack-(Y-Aka), Q-Alta, US, (CA), 
Eur -- Var. rubricaule Hooker (C. nitidum Kit.) -- Spikes not so 
dense. Bracts smaller, 1-3 mm wide, mostly narrower than the 
fruits. -- wO-S-(Alta-BC), US, Eur -- Var. emarginatum (Rydb.) 
Boivin (C. orientale Lam. var. emarginatum (Rydb.) Macbr.; C. 
villosum Rydb.) -- Seed fairly Large, 3- mm long,and merely 
sharp-margined, without a marginal wing. -- swQ-Alta-(BC, US, 
Eur). 

Within our range our three varieties present themselves 
like mere extremes of variations, but in Eurasia their ranges 
appear to be highly individualized. 


12. SALICORNIA L. GLASSWORT, SAMPHIRE 
Fleshy plants with vestigial leaves. Flowers in 3's and 
more or less embedded in a depression of the next internode 
above. Calyx fleshy. Stamens only 1-(2). 


1. S. europaea L. var. prona (Lunell) Boivin (S. rubra 
Nelson) mes sonitise, Glasswort (Corail, Passe-pierre) =- Small 
herb reduced to its fleshy stem and branches, often turning red 
in late summer. Annual. Internodes swollen into joints. Each 
joint with a membranous-margined collar at the upper end. Flo- 
wers inconspicuous, in terminal spikes of opposite glomerules. 
Mid summer. Saline shores. -- sMack-Y-(Aka), Man-BC, US. 

All the inland material belongs to our variety in wnich 
the stem internodes pass abruptly into the much shorter inflo- 
rescence internodes, the latter usually 1.5-2.5 mm long. Upper- 
most stem internode generally more than twice longer than the 
lowermost inflorescence internode. In the East Coast and Old 
World var. europea the spike is less strongly contrasted and 
its internodes are mostly (2)-\-(5) mm long; the uppermost stem 
internode usually less than twice as long as the adjacent spike 
internode. 


13. SARCOBATUS Nees GRAESEWOOD 
Staminate flowers in catkins which show a marked similar- 
ity to the spikes of Equisetum, each flower being reduced to 3 
stamens and a stipitate, peltate scale. Pistillate flower so- 
litary, axillary. Fruit with a broad horizontal and circular 
wing. 
127 SALICORNTA 


68 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


1. S. vermiculatus (Hooker) Torrey -- Greasewood, Pulpy 
Thorn -=- Very spiny shrub growing in large colonies. Young 
branches pale to whitish. Leaves fleshy, linear, alternate abo- 
ve to opposite or verticillate below. Early summer. Hignly al- 
kaline flats at the bottam of the major coulées. -- swS-seAlta- 
seBC, US. 


14. SUAEDA Forsk. SEA BLITE 
Flowers in axillary glomerules of 3. Calyx flesny. Otner- 
wise resembling Chenopodium. 


1. §S. maritima (L.) Dum. var. maritima -- Seablite (Blan- 
chette, Salanguet) -- Annual herb with a strong tendency to turn 
dirty black during the second half of summer. Very oranchy. 
Leaves linear, fleshy. Bracts much as the leaves, 1.0-1.5 mm 
wide, oblong to linear, of uniform width, but shorter than the 
leaves. Mid summer to early fall. Seashores. -- (Mack-Y)-Aka, 
NS-G, nMan, wBC, US, Eur -- Var. americana (Pers.) Boivin (S. 
depressa (Pursh) Watson; S. erecta (Watson) Nelson) -- Bracts 
More sharply differenciated from the leaves. Lower leaves * 1mm 
wide, linear of uniform width. Bracts much shorter, 1.5-3.0 mm 
wide, at the base, ovate to narrowly triangular-lanceolate, gra- 
dually narrowed from the base. Alkaline shores, sometimes 
weedy. -- seK-Y, (NF), NS-BC, US. 

The more southern S. intermedia Watson has reported from 
Alberta by Hitchcock 1964, but this may have been only a lapsus 
calami as we have been unable to substantiate this report. 

There was no justifying sheet at WIU in 1967 and there was no 
specimen under that name in any of the herbaria visited. A sys- 
tematic review of all the Saskatchewan and Alberta sheets of 
Suaeda at DAO in 1967 failed to turn up any S. intermedia mas- 
querading under another name. « 


15. SALSOLA L. SALTWORT 
Flowers as in Chenopodium, but with 2 bracts. Fruit deve- 
loping a circular horizontal wing as in Cycloloma and Sarcoba- 
tus. 


1. S. KALI L. var. TENUIFOLIA Tausch (S. pestifer Nelson) 
-- Russian Thistle (Chardon de Russie) -- An- 
nual herb at first soft and fleshy, soon hardening into a bun- 
dle of horribly spinescent foliage. Very branchy. First lea- 
ves filiform, and soft, the later ones and the bracts shorter 
and ending into a whitish, stiff and very sharp point. Flower 
axillary, solitary, subtended by 3 bracts, i.e., the foliage 
bract and the 2 floral bracts. Mid summer to frost. Very com- 
mon weed of bare or disturbed soils, seemingly native on eroded 
dunes. -- NS-BC, US, Eur. 

Typical var. Kali is native along the East Coast and in 
the Old World. Its leaves are shorter, the main ones not over 
3 cm and usually not over 2 cm; they are also as thick, stiff, 
and spinescent as the shorter and later leaves. 

SUAEDA 128 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 69 


79. AMARANTHACEAE (AMARANTH FAMILY) 
Each flower subtended by a scarious bract and 2 scarious 
bracteoles. Otherwise similar to the Chenopodiaceae. 


1. AMARANTHUS L. AMARANTH 
The basic genus of the family, with alternate leaves and 
the calyx present. 


a. Spiny in the leaf axils ........... aitieleieiie.ss Ole A. spinosus 
aa. Not spiny. 
b. Flowers in small axillary inflorescences. 
ce Seed about 1.5 mm wide .........-+06 he A bDlitoides 
cc. Smaller, slightly less than 1 mm wide. 
d. Bracts and bracteoles 2-3 mm long...3. A. albus 
dd. Shorter, less than 2 mm long .. rs, 
aeichetexas ela eietnie atari ate ae cclsiecy Deriiamcaltrornlcud 
bb. Terminal inflorescences present, larger — 
and conspicuous. 
e. Spike-like inflorescences lax and moni- 
liform, at least in the lower half .. 
eiiaie’« s nisietsicislelel el sia's gialuias 8's ov cln cise ait «Ae, CUUERCULALUA 
ee. Spike or panicle dense throughout or 
essentially so. 
f. Bracts 2-3 mm long, only slightly 
longer than the calyx .........- l. A. hybridus 
ff. Bracts 3-8 mm long, much exceeding = 
the calyx coscessceeeercoecee 2s Ae retroflexus 


1. A. HYSRIDUS L. var. HYBRIDUS(A. cruentus AA.; A. du- 
bius Mart.) -- Pilewort, Pigweed (Braéde de Malabar) -- Glomeru- 
les in numerous, narrow, elongate spikes, usually less than lcm 
wide. Flowers and bracts small, otherwise similar to the fol- 
lowing. Inflorescence green. Late summer. Sometimes cultiva- 
ted and casually escaped: Winnipeg. -- Q—Man, (US, CA), SA, 
Eur, (Afr, Oc) -- Var. CRUENTUS (L.) Moq. (var. hypochondriacus 
(L.) Bailey; A. paniculatus L.) -- Prince's Feather, Love-Lies- 
Bleeding (Cannes, Cordeliére) -- Inflorescence red. Fort Sas- 
katchewan -- Q-0, cAlta-(BC, US). 

Our only sheet of var. cruentus was reported as var. hypo- 
chondriacus by Groh 19,9. See ane 

2. A. RETROFLEXUS L. var. RETROFLEXUS -- Red Root, Pig- 
weed (Herbe grasse) -- The taproot commonly reddish. A stiffly 
erect annual with large oval leaves and a dense greenish pani- 
cle. Villous, especially above. Calyx lobes obtuse or rounded, 
commonly erose, often mucronate. Mid summer. Common weed of 
open soils and cultivation. -- Mack, (Aka, NS-NB)-J-O-(Man)-S- 
BC, US, (CA), Eur, (Afr) -- Var. PSEUDORETROFLEXUS (Thell.) Boi- 
vin (var. Powellii (Watson) Boivin; A. Powellii Watson) -- Ca- 
lyx lobes acute to acuminate. Not so densely villous, someti- 
mes nearly glabrous. Inflorescences tending to be less thick 
and not quite so dense. Native further south, but only a rare 
weed with us: Melfort, Lethbridge. -- PEI, 0, cS-BC, US, (CA, 


SA, Eur). 129 AMARANTHUS 


70 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


Var. pseudoretroflexus (Thell.) stat. n., A. chlorostachys 
W. var. pseudoretroflexus Thell., Viertelj. Nat. Ges. Zirich 52: 
43, 1907. 

3. A- alous L. var. albug -- Tumbleweed (Fleur de jalousie) 
-- A bushy tumbleweed resemoling the following, but the leavee 
gradually decreasing in size from the base up. Branchy with a 
well defined main axis which is more or less erect. Glabrous 
or sparsely puberulent. Mid summer to early fall. Sandy soils, 
sometimes weedy. -- NS-BC, US, Eur. 

The more southern var. pubescens (Uline & Bray) Fern. is 
viscid-puberulent. 

lh. A. BLITOIDES Watson (A. graecizans AA.) -- Matweed -- 
A carpet weed with the leaves conspicuously dimegueth. Stem 
usually indistinct, but the many branches more or less spread 
out flat on the ground. Leaves obovate, usually retuse, those 
of the main branches all about the same size, commonly 2-5 cm 
long including the petiole, those of the secondary branches only 
half as large. Summer. Common weed, tolerates tramping, prefers 
bare soils. -- (Aka), swQ-BC, US. 

S. A. CALIFORNICUS (Moq.) Watson -- Similar to tne preceed- 
ing, but generally smaller. Leaves only half as large. Seeds 
small, like those of A. albus. Mid to late summer. Rare road- 
side weed: Cypress Hills, Calgary, Herronton, Manyberries. -- 
swS-sAlta, wus. 

6. A. SPINOSUS L. -= Careless Weed (Epinard rouge, Epinard 
épineux) -- Most leaf axils bearing a pair of sharp spines about 
1 cm long. Erect annual. Leaves ovate. Spikes thin and elon- 
gate. Mid to late summer. Rare and evanescent weed, collected 
once at Fort Garry. -- swO-sMan, US, Eur. 

7. A- tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer --(A. tamariscinus Nutt.; 
Acnida tamariscina (Nutt.) Wood) -= Dioecious. Erect annual. 
Leaves narrowly ovate to lanceolate. Glomerules in numerous, 
very thin, elongate and moniliform spikes. Mid summer. Sandy 
shores: Souris River. -- swQ-0-(sMan), US. 


Order 45. PRIMULALES 
Calyx and corolla fused. Stamens opposite the petals. Flo- 
wer regular. In nearly all other groups the stamens are either 
more numerous than the corolla lobes or alternate with them. 


aa Guvloul cnn steclcsestecasctecattrssesss+eee Ola Fete laccne 
aae Styles 5 eeeeeeeveereereeeeeereaeeeeveeeeeee ee S12 Plumbapinaceae 


80. PRIMULACEAE (PRIMROSE FAMILY) 
Herbs with opposite or verticillate leaves and a dry fruit. 


a. Leaves all basal except sometimes for an invo- 
lucre subtending the inflorescence. 
D. FiGwar SOUibary cecscconsccceccesscacsss= ss 2¢ MUplideis 
bb. Flowers in an umbel. 
c. Corolla lobes elongate, sharply 
TOPIGKHO” os teccocncecvteserserssdvsve Us DOGUCEIIEON 
AMARANTHUS 130 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 71 


cc. Lobes ascending to spreading. 
d. Calyx shorter than the tube of 
the corolla sadeanassscs scene aca cme, Loqrramura 
dd. Calyx as long or longer «esseee--- 3 Androsace 
aa. Stem leafy. 
e. Upper leaves alternate ....eeeserceeceee Fe Centunculus 
ee. All leaves opposite or verticillate. 
f. Flowers nearly sessile in the axils ...... 7. Glaux 
ff. Flowers pedicellate. 
ge Leaves borne in a single 
WOPtl ile soc sccaisice oe fed « cena, Os teiencalss 
gg. Leaves borne at more than one 
node. 
h. Corolla yellow ........---eee 5 Lysimachia 
Bho, Bra cheered coc seme. ow feeiee en's op Oop MnApALLig 


1. PRIMULA L. PRIMROSE, COWSLIP 
Flowers S-merous in an umbell. Leaves all basal. Stamens 
borne on the upper third of the cylindrical corolla tube. Co- 
rolla lobes bilobed. 


a. Yellowish or whitish farinose on the calyces 
and Lower lleaf surfaces <...c.cc.-cccesevcvcse Co Pe Incana 
aa. Green or only slightly farinose. * 
De Leaves enti TOseacsiwce sem senicecsece Ne Pe, OPasikeensrs 
bb. Leaves dentate or crenate; flowers larger. 
c. Pedicels many times longer than the 
DractS ceocorcccececccecscecsecee Le P. mistassinica 
ec. Not more than twice as long at flower- 
ing time coscecsereecccccccesecoeecee de P. stricta 


1. P,. mistassinica Mx. var. mistassinica (P. MacCalliana 
Wieg.) -- Bird's Eye, Primrose -- Small and usually Tess than 
12 cm high. Leaves denticulate, mostly obovate. Bracts 2-6mm 
long, flat at base. Pedicels up to 3 cm long. Flowers white 
to mauve, commonly 1 cm across. Late spring and early summer. 
Bogs, shores and wet rocks. -- K-Mack-(Y-Aka, L)-NF-(SPM), NS, 
NB-BC, US, (eEur). 

The leaves are green in our variety, but yellowish farino- 
se below in var. intercedens (Fern.) Boivin, a plant similarly 
small, yellowish farinose on the calices, magnilacustrine in 
its distribution. 

P. borealis Duby, a minor segregate of P. mistassinica, 
was reported from as far north as Banks Island by Hultén 1918, 
Anderson 1949 and Simmons, "A Survey of the Phytogeography of 
the Arctic Archipelago, Lunds Un. Arskr. 19: 1-163. 1913," but 
this has never been confirmed and may have been based on a spe- 
cimen of P. stricta, the only Primula species otherwise known 
to occur in the Franklin District. Hence the restricted range 
accepted above. 

2. Pp. incana M.E. Jones (P. farinosa AA.) -- Larger and 
the calyces and lower leaf surfaces densely farinose. Mostly 

131 PRIMULA 


te PH TPO: L.Ore- PS Vol. 17, no. 2 


2-l, dm high. Leaves dentate, oblanceolate. Early summer. Mar- 
shy places. -- (Mack-Aka, nwQ), Man-Alta-(BC), wuS. 

3. Pp. stricta Horn. -- Somewhat coarser than P. mistassi- 
nica, but the flowers smaller. Mostly 1-3 dm high. Leaves obo- 
Vate to lanceolate. Bracts saccate at base. Flowers somewnat 
legs than 1 cm across. Early summer. Wet places in arctic and 
subarctic habitats. -- (G-F)-K-Mack-(Y-Aka, L), Q-Maen, (Alta-BC, 
wus), Eur. 

l. P. egaliksensis Wormsk. -- Resembles P. mistassinica, 
but the leaves entire and broadly obovate to spatulate. Flowers 
less than 1 cm across. Early summer. Arctic shores and mar- 
shes. -- (G), sK-(Mack-Y)-Aka, (L)-NF, Q-nMan, (Alta )-BC. 


2. DOUGLASIA Lindley 
Flowers as in Primula, but the corolla lobes are entire. 


1. D. montana Gray -- Cushion-forming perennial with the 
general presentation of Silene acaulis. Leaves thick, ciliate. 
Peduncle stellate-pubescent. Flower pink to white. Early sum- 
mer. High alpine on rocky ridges and scree slopes: Waterton. 
-- swAlta, wus. 

Reported by Hitchcock 1959 as "Waterton Lakes, B.C.," an 
obvious lapsus calami for "Waterton Lakes, Alta". The B.C. re- 
port by Taylor 1966 may be based on the above lapsus, as there 
was no corresponding B.C. specimen at UBC in 1966. 

Douglasia nivalis Lindley is known to occur only in the 
mountains of the state of Washington except that the type col- 
lection is supposed to come from the Canadian Rockies, hence 
the frequent reports from Alberta and B.C. Lindley describes 
the type locality as follows in Edin. Bot. Reg. 22: 1886. 1836: 
"Upon his journey across the rocky mountains in April 1627, in 
latitude 50°N., longitude 118°W., at an estimated elevation of 
12,000 feet above the level of the sea, the attention of Mr. 
Douglas was attracted by a brilliant purple patch amidst the 
surrounding snow..." 

Part of the journal kept by Douglas was published in the 
Comp. Bot. Mag. vol. 2 of 1836. We learn from it that in the 
spring of 1827 Douglas went up the Columbia to the junction of 
Canot-Tourné river. On April 28 he left the Columbia to strike 
east. On May lst he climbs Mount Brown (alt. 9156 ft.) to which 
he assigns an altitude of 16 - 17000 ft. By May 3rd he has 
crossed the height of land and he is now going down the Athabas- 
ka. There is no suggestion of Douglasia among the plants men- 
tioned in his journal for these few days. 

Considering that Douglasia nivalis has never been collect- 
ed again in the Rockies either of Canada or of the U.S.A., and 
despite the circumstancially detailed report by Lindley, we are 
of the opinion that as long as Lindley's report remains uncon- 
firmed, we must assume an error of locality and date and that 
the type of Douglasia must have been collected within the state 
of Washington where Douglas was collecting in 1826 and where 
the plant has been collected repeatedly since. 

DOUGLASIA 132 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 73 


3. ANDROSACE L. 
Rather similar to Primula, but the corolla tube shorter, 
constricted at the mouth and more or less dilated by the ovary. 


ae Perennial with the flowers much longer than 
the calyx ccccccccccccccccccsccccccceccce Je A. Chamaejasme 
aa. Annual with small flowers. ms 
b. Involucral bracts sessile, lanceolate to 
NMG aArMslelsielcleieleleleleislelclelelelsle clelslelelsioin emis eC DUC Un’ One lag 
bb. Bracts subpetiolate, spatulate or a 
ODOVATE eeecceeeeceerevcccceccccecee Ce Ae occidentalis 


1. A. septentrionalis L. (var. diffusa (Small) Knuth, var. 
puberulenta (Rydb. ) Knuth , var. subumbellata Nelson; A. puber- 
Ulenta Rydb.) -- Like the following, but the bracts narrower 
and broadest at the base. Late spring and early summer. Dry 
places. -- (G-Aka), NF, Q-(0)Man-pc, (wUS), Eur. 

2. A. occidentalis Pursh -=- Inconspicuous annual consist- 
ing mainly of a very leafy rosette and thin and wiry stems and 
pedicels. Stems usually many. Involucral bracts broadest abo- 
ve the middle. Pedicels rather long and uneven. Corolla 
shorter than the calyx. Second half of spring. Light and loose 
soils, sometimes weedy. -- (wO)-Man-BC, US. 

3. A. Chamaejasme Host -- Flowers white with a yellow eye. 
Stoloniferous perennial with solitary scapes. Villous. Pedi- 
cels rather short, not much longer than the bracts. Late spring 
to mid summer. Rocky slopes, montane or alpine. -- swF, Mack- 
Aka, swAlta-(eBC, nwUS, Eur). 


4. DODECATHEON L. AMERICAN COWSLIP 
Flower very showy and rather unusual, resembling an arrow- 
head, with the conspicuous stamens in the point and the long 
reflexed petals as the ears. 


a. Foliage glandular-pubescent .........-.-.- -- 1. D. conjugens 
aasMoltaicarclabrouSelelelels se cll- ciel seseccccceee 2 De pulchellum 


1. PD. conjugens Greene var. Beamishii Boivin (var. visci- 
dum AA.; D. cylindrocarpum AA.; D. pubescens Rydo.) -- Flower 
Showy, with a rather unusual arrangement of successive colour 
rings. The corolla lobes are bluish-purple; while the tube is 
whitish; the connectives form a yellowish ring and the anthers 
are bluish black below, paler to whitish above. Leaves oblan- 
ceolate. Corolla lobes 10-25 mm long. Fruit 13-22 mm long, 
circumcissile near the top. Spring and early summer. Montane 
prairies: Cypress Hills and Rockies. -- swS-seBC, nwuS -- F. 
lacteum Boivin -- Flowers white. -- swAlta. 

Var. Beamishii nom. n., D. pubescens Rydb., Mem. N.Y. Bot. 
Gard. 3: 306. 1900. Var. Beamishii 18 glandular-pubescent, but 
otherwise not different from the more western and glabrous ty- 
pical variety. Miss K.I. Beamish is a student of Dodecatheon 
and herbarium curator at the University of Britisn Columbia. 

133 ANDROSACE 


7h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


Our variety has also been called var. viscidum but it has been 
pointed out that the type of the latter name is apparently tne 
hybrid D. conjugens X Cusickii. See Bull. Torr. Bot. Club Ge: 
361, 1955. 

F. lacteum f.n. floribus alois. Type: D.K. Norris 19, 
Pasque Mtn., 4O miles almost due north of Coleman; open grassy- 
rocky slope; flowers white, rare, alt. 750U', July 5, 196 


flower generally smaller. Corolla lobes 5-1), mm long. Fruit 
8-14, mm Long, opening by longitudinal slits. Mid spring to 
early summer. Wet places on saline soils. -- Mack-Aka, sMan- 
BC, US, (CA). 

Many authors have expressed doubts as to the exact identity 
of D. pauciflorum and D. radicatum. Fortunately, as pointed 
out by Merrill, Journ. Arn. Arb. 29: 212. 1946, an earlier name 
is available: Eximia pulchella Raf., Aut. Bot. 185. 1840. This 
is based on an excellent illustration and description oy Hooker, 
Curt. Bot. Mag. 5): 3622. 1837 so that the interpretation of 
Rafinesque's name presents no difficulty. Four other varieties 
occur to the west and south of us. These and the typical phase 
are as follows. 

Var. pulchellum -- Normally 1-3-(4) dm high. Herbage gla- 
brous. Leaves oblanceolate and gradually attenuate at base. 
Filaments yellow. 

Var. Watsonii (Tid) stat. n., D. Watsonii Tid., Proc. Biol. 
Soc. Wash. 36: 183. 1923 -- Smaller than the first and gene- 
rally 2-10 cm hign. Known in Canada only on Mt. Arrowsmith in 
Vancouver Island. A map of the full range of this and other va- 
rieties is given by Thompson 1953. 

Var. album (Suksd.) stat. n., D. Cusickii Greene var. album 
Suksd., Werdenda 1: 30. 1927; D. Cusickii Greene, Erytnea 2; 
37. 1895 -- Like the first but the herbage glandular-puberulent, 
especially the inflorescence. Known from south-central B.C. and 
the northwestern U.S. 

Var. alaskanum (Hultén) stat. n., D. macrocarpum (Gray) 
Knuth var. alaskanum Hultén, Fl. Aka, Yuk. J: 1289. 19448 -- 
Leaves broadest towards the base, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 
abruptly rounded to a petiole clearly set off from the limb. 
Occurs along the coast from southern Alaska to northwestern 


Oregon. 
Var. monanthum (Greene) stat. n., D. pauciflorum (Durand) 
Greene var. monanthun, Pittonia gg: 73- 1890. Differs from var. 


radicatum by its purple filaments. Tnis would seem to be widely 

distributed in Canada according to a map by Thompson 1953, page 

117, but on closer inspection it appears that the symbols for 

D. radicatum ssp. radicatum and ssp. monanthum have been inter- 

cane and tnat the latter entity does not occur in Canada. 
DECATHEON 134 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 75 


5. LYSIMACHIA UL. LOOSESTRIFE 
A middling type with stamens opposite the petals. Flowers 
yellow. Herbs with opposite or verticillate leaves. 


ae Not flowering, but bulbiferous in the 
Epeulc} “Sonodacc ainieiniolalole sielololeieraicls elatsie eletsteseis - 1. L. terrestris 
aa. Floriferous. 
b. Flowers in racemes. 
c. Raceme open, terminal ........+... 1. L. terrestris 
cc. Raceme dense, axillary .......... 2. L. thyrsif Lora 
bb. Flowers axillary or in terminal cymules. 
dad. Leaves narrowly linear and ses- 
GILG: sa ctee bale ctsies «elds Ra ieaaea- Seobewquadritiora 
dd. Broader and petiolate. Fy 
e. Leaves ciliate, + ovate ....... -- 3. L. ciliata 
ee. Not ciliate and narrower ........ h. L. hybrida 


1. L. terrestris (L.) BSP. -=- Sterile and usually simple 
stems with reddish axillary bulblets. Much less common than 
the flowering type, not yet collected from Manitoba. -- L-(NF, 
NS-PEI)-NB-O, US -- F. florifera Boivin -- Swamp-Candles, Bog- 
Loosestrife -- Sepals, petals and fruit with dark purple lines 
or dots. With one or more terminal racemes of long-pedicelled 
flowers. Summer. Lake shores. -- L-SPM, NS-seMan, US. 

Both forms appear to have essentially the same distribu- 
tion, but the typical bulbiferous phase was not represented from 
Manitoba among the many specimens examined from loans and during 
inventories or revisions. Because this sterile phase is much 
less congpicuous, its lack of representation from our area may 
be due only to lack of collecting. 

2. J. thyrgiflora L. (Naumbergia thyrsiflora (L.) Reich.) 
-- Tufted Loosestrife (Corneille en bouquet) -- Leaves, stem 
and flowers abundantly and finely purple-dotted. No terminal 
raceme, but the simple stem bearing 2-8 axillary racemes on long 
peduncles. Pedicels shorter than the flowers. Early summer. 
Freshwater shores. -- Mack-(Y)-Aka, NS-BC, US, Eur. 

3. L. ciliata L. (Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf.) -- A com- 
mon and conspicuous yellow-flowered herb with a variable floral 
arrangement, but usually with some flowers solitary in the 
axil of opposite leaves while others are in terminal cymules of 
l-6 flowers subtended by a verticil of leaves. Long stoloni- 
ferous and without basal rosettes. Leaves mostly 3-5 cm wide. 
Peduncle (2)-li-(6) cm long. Mid summer. Light woods and wetter 
prairie spots. -- NS-BC, US. 

Gleason 1952 would extend the range to Yukon, but we found 
no corresponding specimen at NY in 1965. 

4. J. hybridg Mx. (Steironema hybridum (Mx.) Raf.; S. lan- 
ceolatum (Walter) Gray var. hybridum (Mx.) Gray) -- Readily con- 
fused with the preceeding, but the leaves not ciliate and nar- 
rower. Not stoloniferous, but producing basal rosettes. Leaves 
0.5-2.0 cm wide, + lanceolate, usually verticillate on the last 

135 LYSIMACHTA 


6 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


2-3 nodes. Flowers all or mostly verticillate. Mid summer. Wet 
meadows. -- swQ-wAlta, US. 

5. lL. quadriflorg Sims (L. longifolia Pursh; Steironema 
quadriflorum (Sims) Hitchc.) -- Leaves Linear and sessile. Tuft- 
ed with rosettes, the basal leaves much smaller and obovate to 
elliptic. Leaf and flower arrangement mucn as in the last two. 
Mid summer. Chernozem prairies, rare: Kleefeld. -- swO-seMan, 
US. 


6. TRIENTALIS L. CHICKWEED WINTERGREEN 
Flower usually 7-merous. 


a. Leaves rhomboid-lanceolate, acute to sub- 

acuminate at tip ccccoscccccsccccccscevsesess Le Ts. borealis 
aa. Leaves oblanceolate to obovate, obtusish , 

to rounded at tip o.cccccscccccesees soseeeee 2. T. europaea 


1. T. borealis Raf. (T. americana Pursh) -- Star-Flower-- 
Leaves ali or mostly in a single terminal verticil. Other lea- 
ves, if any, very much reduced and alternate. Larger leaves 
usually over 5 cm long. Flowers white, terminal, usually two. 
Early summer. Frequent in forests. -- (seK), L-SPM, NS-neBC, 
neus. 

2. 2. europaea L. (var. arctica Fischer) -- Similar, but 
the leaves broadest near the tip and usually less than 5 cm 
long. Stem leaves usually present and not so mucn reduced, 
nearly as large as the smaller ones of the terminal verticil. 

-- Mack-(Y)-Aka, nwAlta-BC, (nwUS), Eur. 

Quite variable as to leaf size and there is a strong ten- 
dency to smaller leaves (var. arctica) in America. But this is 
only a matter of frequency as the range of variation appears to 
be essentially the same on both sides of the Pacific. It seems 
difficult to implement here a distinction that would not be 
either artificial or based primarily on the locus of collection. 

A report of T. latifolia Hooker from Alberta by Hitchcock 
1959 and Boivin 1966 may have been due to a lapsus calami as 
there was no corresponding specimen at WIU in 1967. 


7. GLAUX L. SEA MILKWORT 
Corolla lacking, the calyx somewhat petaloid. 


1. G. maritima L. var. angustifolia Boivin -- Black Salt- 
wort (Herbe au lait) -- Leaves very finely punctate in slightly 
darker green. Small perennial herb with milky juice. Somewhat 
fleshy. Leaves mostly around 1 cm long, lanceolate, entire. 
Calyx, marcescent, the loves pinkish with white margins. Early 
summer. Wettish alkaline soils. -- sMack-sY, sMan-sBC, US. 

It is primarily by its narrower leaves that our inland va- 
riety is distinguished from either the east coast (var. obtusi- 
folia Fern.) or the west coast (var. macrophylla Boivin) vica- 
Yiants. 

TRIENTALIS 136 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 77 


8. ANAGALLIS L. PIMPERNEL 
Sepals free. 


1. A. ARVENSIS L. -- Pimpernel, Scarlet Pimpernel (Mouron, 
Mouron rouge) -- Flower brick-red. Rather similar to Stellaria 
media in general presentation. Foliage obscurely punctate in 
purple. Leaves ovate, sessile. Peduncle becoming sharply re- 
curved in fruit. Summer. Rare garden weed: Lacombe. -- (G, 
NF)-SPM, NS-(PEI-NB)-Q-0, Alta-BC, US, Eur. 


9. CENTUNCULUS L. CHAFTWEED 
Flowers insignificant, h-merous. Leaves mostly alternate. 


1. C. minimus L. -- Chaffweed -- Capsule whitish with a 
brown equatorial line. Small annual with obovate Leaves, the 
lowermost opposite. (Mid summer?). Marshy places in the prai- 
rie. Rare or inconspicuous. -- NS, S-BC, US, (CA), Eur. 

We have checked specimens (DAO) from Mortlach, Long Lake, 
Cory and Empress. We also know of a report from Reed Lake (CAN). 


81. PLUMBAGINACEAE (LEADWORT FAMILY) 
Plants with the stamens opposite the petals and otherwise 
generally similar to the Primulaceae but the styles 5 and the 
leaves (and branching) alternate or basal. 


a. Flowers in a branched inflorescence ..........-. Ll. Limonium 
aae In a dense head eBeeseeoereteeeeeee eee eevee eeea eee ee eeeve Ole Statice 


1. LIMONIUM L. SEA -LAVEN DER 
Petals free or nearly so. Each flower tightly wrapped in 
(2)-3 scarious bracts. Calyx petaloid. 


1. L. VULGARE Miller -- Sea-Lavender (Saladelle) -- Flo- 
wers in a corymb of secund spikes. Leaves all basal, broadly 
oblanceolate, fairly large. Branching somewhat dichotomous, the 
branches trigonous and winged. Calyx white with 5 thick and 
green nerves. Corolla pink. Mid summer. Cultivated and rare- 
ly spreading around old cemeteries: Big Muddy. -- sO, scS, Eur. 

Both collections examined (REG, TRT) belonged to the white- 
flowered cv. Album. 


2. ARMERIA W. 
Scapose herbs with the flowers in a globose head. 


1. A. maritimg (Miller) W. var. interior (Raup) Lawr. 
(Statice interior Raup) -- Thrift, Sea-Pink (Gazon d'Espagne, 
Herbe 4 sept t@tes) -- Head subtended by numerous membranous 
bracts, the lowest one being reflexed and tubular. Rosette 
leaves numerous, marcescent and narrowly linear. Head inter- 
spersed by numerous bracts. Early summer. Dunesof lake Atha- 
baska. -- (Mack), nws. 

137 LIMONIUM 


78 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


A variable type to be organized into geographical varieties 
only with some difficulty. Our present understanding of tne Ca- 
nadian variations may be summarized in the following key: 


a. Calyx glabrous ...secccccccccsccccsccsceseess Vare interior 
aa. Pubescent at least along the nerves. 
o. Outer involucral bracts triangular- 
lanceolate, acute at tip, and as 
long or longer than the inner ones -- 
Vancouver ...ceseccesees Var. californica (Boiss) Lawr. 
bb. Broader, rounded at tip and shorter. 
c. Outer involucral bracts less tnan 
half as long as the inner -- Arctic 
regions -- seseess+ee.-Var. Sibirica (Turcz.) Lawr. 
cc. Not quite so short, hence less strongly 
imbricated. 
d. Less than 2 dm high; calyx puoes- 
cent on both the nerves and the 
internerves. -- Arctic-alpine .. 
cecccvccecccceces Vare Labradorica (Wallr.)Lawr. 
dd. Usually taller; calyx pubescent 
on the main nerves, glabrous on 
tne internerves. -- West Coast .. 
ecccceccceee Var. purpurea (Mert. & Koch) Lawr. 


Order 1,6. LYTHRALES 
Ovary inferior, but the petals free or lacking. Petals 
borne on the summit of a calyx tube. 


a. Flower without perianth, reduced to a single 
gtamen or ovary or both. 
b. Fruit an achene; leaves verticillate...Hippuris, p- 10 
bb. Fruit a diachene; leaves opposite .. 
beeechehads oashsveelces os 185. abliteiciscsse) spots 
aa. Flower normal or much less reduced. 
c. Petals more tnan , usually 6... 82. Lythracese, p. 138 
cc. Petals (3)-, rarely lacking. ro 
d. Fruit an achene. Aquatics .. 
sd tegcecasc¢asas oene S30 Halerrkaginacssd, pet 1959 
dd. Fruit a capsule. Terrestrial 
PLOUtS avccccccecswsdusnwsee Os Unapracese, ps 100 


82. LYTHRACEAE (LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY) 
Like the Onagraceae, but the floral parts usually more nu- 
merous and the hypantnium (or calyx tube) free from the ovary. 


1. CYTHRUM L. 
Petals usually 6, free and borne on the summit of the 
elongate hypanthium. 


1. L. SALICARTA L. (var. gracilior Turcz., var. tomento- 
sum (Miller) DC.) -- Purple Losestrife (Salicaire, Roupie de 
ARMERTA 138 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 79 


coq d'Inde) -- Showy species of snores and ditches with a termi- 
Nal inflorescence of magenta flowers. Coarse perennial with op- 
posite lanceolate leaves. narieyeecence a raceme of opposite 
glomerules. Mainly late summer. Sometimes cultivated and 
spreading readily to freshwater habitats. -- NF, NS-sMan, swAlta 
BC, US, Eur. 


83. HALORRHAGIDACEAE (WATER MILFOIL FAMILY) 
Aquatic plants with a rather small or somewhat reduced flo- 
wer, similar to the Onagraceae, but the fruit indehiscent. 


a. Leaves finely divided ...cee.-eeeeeeeesseee Le Myriophyllum 
daou heaves ontarer ss cok te ce ites ccwehied ses slebieee Ceehippurds 


1. MYRIOPHYLLUM L. WATER MILFOIL 
Submerged aquatics with verticillate pectinate leaves. 


a. Flowers and bracts all or mostly alternate .. 
Sioicls Cistenia Olbip civla Siete Risies sels cele nlcioe clece cheLeiMs ALLErnenLOrun 
aa. Verticillate and the leaves longer. x 
b. Inflorescence bracts closely pectinate to 
entire, many times shorter than the leaves .. 
Riolsteieiclatele ole foie aioke rs eistelele cle oloiciste/siviclsiaisiciolel-lei’ 2 ou Mls Bl Gab iu 
bb. Bracts remotely lobed and at least half as ~ 
long as the leaves .......... Fado dob oan so Iie jeblra cence 


1. M. alterniflorum DC. -- Leaves smaller than in the fol- 
lowing, (5)-8-10,(12) mm long. Fruit deeply l-lobed, the lobes 
rounded and smooth on the back. Second half of summer. Shallow 
waters, becoming sterile in deeper waters. -- G, (Mack, Aka), 
NF-SPM, NS, NB-nMan-nS, US, Eur, (Afr). 

We know of only 3 collections (CAN; DAO, photo) from our 
area: Cochrane river, Reindeer Lake and lake Axis. The last 
is not typical, the leaves being part alternate like the inflo- 
rescence bracts. 

2. M. spicatum L. (M. exalbescens Fern.; M. verticillatum 
L., vars pectinatum Wallr.) -- Water-Milfoil (Volant d'eau)-- 

A common submerged aquatic with verticillate and pectinately 
divided leaves. Leaves (1)-2-(3) cm long. Flowers inconspi- 
cuous, verticillate in a moniliform and emersed spike. Fruit 
shallowly h-lobed, the lobes rounded and sometimes smooth or 
more commonly somewhat verrucose. Mid to late summer. Common 
submerged herb in shallow to deeper water. -- G-(F)-K-Aka, (L- 
SPM), NS-BC, US, (SA), Eur, Afr. 

We are not convinced that the neogean plants are separable 
from the paleogean ones except on a statistical basis. 

3. M. pinnatum (Walter) BSP. -- Usually with some of the 
leaves or flowers alternate, the others verticillate. Leaves 
1-2 cm long, the lobes few and rather short, passing gradually 
into the not very reduced bracts. Fruit deeply h-lobed, the 
lobes souarish, with 2 tuberculate ridges on the back and 3 
concave sides. Late summer. Submerged in sloughs, rare: 

139 MYRIOPHYLLUM 


80 PHIPTOLOG Ta Vol. 17, no. 2 


Wordsworth, Mortlach. -- sS, US, (CA). 
We have checked only the Wordsworth collection. 


2. HIPPURIS L. MARE'S TAIL 
Palustrine and simple herbs with verticillate and entire 
leaves. Flowers insignificant. Perianth lacking, the ovary 
enclosed by the overgrown hypanthium. Stamen only 1 or none. 


a. Leaves verticillate in 's .....ssseeeee 2+ He totraphylla 
aa. More numerous and narrower eeeoeseeees tt tae ke H. vulgaris 
IucaHs vulgaris L. -=- Bottle-Brush, Mare's Tail (Queue de 

cheval, Pesse d'eau) -- Common herb of shallow waters with sim- 
ple stems and verticillate leaves. Stem fleshy. Leaves in 

6's - 10's, entire, 1-3 cm long, acute or acutish, 1-3 mm wide. 
Early summer. Forming large colonies on muddy shores and shal- 
low waters. -- G-Aka, L-SPM, NS-BC, US, (SA), Eur, (Afr). 

In so far as our two species are shore plants, emerged and 
submerged forms are part of the normal variation of each spe- 
cies and we have made no attempt at distinguishing them, even 
if the submerged forms can be strikingly different. They have 
already received names: f. fluviatilis (Coss. & Germ.) Glueck 
for the first, f. lacunarum Dut. & Lep. for the second. 

2. He tetraphylla L. f. -- Leaves 0.5-1.0-(1.5) cm long, 
broader, thickish and verticillate in )'s-(6's), oblong-lanceo- 
late and obtuse or rounded at tip. Second half of summer. Ma- 
ritime shores. -- (F-K)-Mack-(Y)-Aka, (L), Q-nMan, (BC), Eur. 


8). ONAGRACEAE (EVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY) 

Flower h-merous, of free parts, but the ovary inferior, 
being enclosed in a long-tubular hypanthium. 

A Manitoba report of Isnardia palustris L. (= Ludwigia pa- 
lustris (L.) Ell.) is undoubtedly incorrect as pointed out by 
Scoggan 1957 and the Saskatchewan reports by Hooker 1832 and 
Macoun 1883 are probably equally unjustified. 


a. Fruit catchy, covered with hooked hairs ....... 6. Circaea 
aa. Not catchy. 
be ‘Fruit short, indehigcentt 22.2.2 csccesceccscss Je GOUE 
bb. Elongate, a dehiscent capsule. 
c. Seeds with a pappUuS ccecccceccecceces Le Epilobium 
cc. NO pappus. 
d. Capsule bilocular, opening by 
OValVes ceececaveccnacccaneceaan ta Hediste 
dd. -locular and opening by valves. 
e. Petals entire to merely emar- 
inate ccccccesccvcccsececcsee Je OConothera 
ee. Petals conspicuously bilobed .. 
Tiatcessetendes secede ncons ae fa Settee ee 


1. EPILOBIUM L. WILLOW -HERB 
Seed with a pappus of capillary bristles. Otherwise as 
in Oenothera. 
HIPPURIS 140 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 81 


a. Petals large, at least 1 cm long. 
b. Flowers numerous, subtended by small 
brava aceresielelelatciviclelesleleleisiclols’e siefeiel ot fs) ANPusts Ola um 
bb. Flowers few in a leafy inflorescence...2. E. latifolium 
aa. Petals smaller. ae 
c. Leaves linear. 
d. Annual; fruit 2-3 cm long ....... 3. E. paniculatum 
dd. Perennial with longer fruits ....... ]. E. palustre 
cc. Leaves lanceolate to ovate. ae 
e. Low plant with usually ovate to 
Oudapbie LEAVES" =a we eels <tels sleidc wie’ oe ean On ba OU pI NUM 
ee. Taller, the leaves mostly lanceo- a=" Tees 
Late .cccescccccccccccccccsecccressee Oe Es ciliatum 


1. E. angustifolium L. (var. intermedium AA., var. macro- 
phyllum (Hauskn-) Fern., var. platyphyllum (Daniels) Fern.; 
Chamaenerion spicatum (Lam.) S.F. Gray) -- Fireweed, Pink Tops 
(Lilas de montagne, Bouquets rouges) -- Showy virgate herb with 
one Large terminal raceme of spreading magenta flowers. Stolo- 
niferoug, commonly 1m high. Leaves + lanceolate, thin, paler 
and somewhat rugose below. Bracts mostly about as long as the 
pedicels. Flower buds reflexed; flowers spreading; fruits 
slightly ascending. Mid to late summer. Open places, often 
very abundant after a fire.--G-(F)-K-Aka, L-SPM, NS-BC, US, Eur 
-- F. albiflorum (Dum.) Hauskn. -- Flowers white, including the 


eee 
sepals. -- Mack-Aka, L-NF, NS-BC, US, Eur -- F. spectabile 
(Simmons) Fern. -- Petals wnite, but the sepals purple. -- Aka, 
NS, Q, Man-S-(Alta), Eur. 

2. E. latifolium L. -- River-Beauty -- Similar to the abo- 


ve but smaller and somewhat fleshy. Only 1-); dm high. Leaves 
rhomboid to lanceolate, rather thickish, the lateral nerves in- 
conspicuous. Bracts large and leaf-like, mostly at least as 
long as the buds. Flowers (and buds) 2-3-(12), erect. Fruit 
erect. Mid summer. Arctic and alpine habitats, especially wet 
pravels. -- G-Aka, L-NF, Q-(n0O)-nMan, swAlta-BC, US, Eur. 

3. E. paniculatum Nutt. (f. adenocladon Hausskn.; var. 
subulatum (Hausskn.) Fern.; E. adenocladon (Hausskn.) Rydb.)-- 
The bark usually exfoliating on the lower part of the stem. An- 
nual, usually diffusely branched. Leaves linear, conduplicate, 
falcate. Fruit attenuate at both ends, mostly falcate. Mid 
summer. Shores of sloughs and disturbed soils. -- swQ-CB, US. 

hk. E. palustre L. var. palustre (var. grammadophyllum 
Hausskn.; var. monticola AA., var. oliganthum (Mx.) Fern.; E. 
davuricum Fischer; E. densum Raf.; E. Leptopnyllum Raf.; E. 
Tineare AA.; E. molle Torrey; E. oliganthum Mx.; E. strictum 
Muhl.; E. wyomingense Nelson ) -- Resembling the next, but the 
leaves narrowly linear and the flowers usually white. Glabrous 
to grayish pubescent. Leaves less than 5 mm wide. Perennial 
by thin, fragile stolons. Fruit 3-7 cm long. Mid summer. 
Swampy ground. -- (G-F)-K-Mack-(Y-Aka), L-SPM, NS-BC, US, Eur. 

Somewhat variable and subjected to much splitting. We 
have accepted the consolidation proposed by Hitchcock 1961 as 

141 EPILOBIUM 


82 FAS TOU LOeLS Vol. 17, no. 2 


it seems realistic. The next two species are slso the result of 
similar consolidation procedures. 

On the east coast there is a var. sabulonense (Fern.) Boivin 
with larger flowers, the petals 8-10 mm long. 


5. E- giliatuy Raf. var. caliatum (E. adenocaulon Hausskn., 


var. perplexans Trel.; E. americanum Hausskn.; E&. Drummondii 
Hausskn.; E. glandulosum Lehm., Var. adenocaulon (Hausskn.) Fern., 
var. cardiophyllum Fern., var. Macounii (Trel.) C.L. Hitchc., 
var. occidentale (Trel)Fern., var. tenue (Trel.) C.L. Hitchc.; 
E. leptocarpum Hausskn., var. Macounii Trel.; E. saximontanum 
Hausskn.; £. scalare Fern.; E. Steckerianum Fern.; &. Wateonii 
Barbey) -- A common middling type, 2-0 dm high. Perennial by 
fragile stolons. Leaves 0.5-2.0 cm wide, lanceolate, denticula- 
te. Fruits and flowers erect, the latter usually pinkish or 
mauve. First half of summer. Wet ground. -- (Mack)-Y-(Aka), 
L-NF-(SPM, NS-PEI)-NB-BC, US, (Eur). 

The absence of pappus cnaracterizes an eastern endemic, 
var. ecomosum (Fassett) Boivin, known only from the estuary of 
the Saint Lawrence. 

Earlier reports by Hooker 1832 and Macoun 1883 of E. colo- 
ratum Muhl. were based on specimens wnich, according to Macoun 
1894, were mostly revised by Trelease to E. adenocaulon. Con- 
sidering the absence of E. coloratum from Western Canada, a si- 
multaneous report by Macoun L959 of the hybrid E. coloratum X 
adenocaulon from Little Slave Lake cannot be rated as anything 
but highly improbable. 

6. E. alpinum L. (var. albiflorum (Suksd.) C.L. Hitche., 
var. clavatun (Trel.) C.L. Hitchc., var. gracillimum (Trel.) C. 
L. Hitche., var. lactiflorum (Hausskn.) C.L. Hitenc., var. nu- 
tans (Horn.) Hooker; E. anagallidifolium Lam.; E. glaberrimum 
Barbvey var. fastigiatum (Nutt.) Trel.; E. Hornemannii Rcho.; EB. 
lactiflorum Hausskn.; E. platyphyllum Rydb.) -- Like the pre- 
ceeding but smaller and perennial by rooting decumbent bases or 
superficial stolons. Only 1-2-() dm high. Leaves ovate to 
narrowly oblong, rather few and commonly only 3-l pairs to a 
stem. Flowers few, usually pinkish or mauve. Mainly mid sum- 
mer. Cold mountain springs. -- (G-F)-K-(Mack-Y)-Aka, L-(NF, 
NS), Q, Alta-BC, US, (Eur). 

Re E. minutum Lindley reported for northern Alberta by 
Macoun 1383, see comment about Rosa nutkana ps 69, part I. 


2. BOISDUVALIA Spach 
Petals bilobed, otherwise as in Oenothera. 


ile B: labella (Nutt.) Walpers -- Inconspicuous annual. 
1-2 dm high, usually decumbent and + branched from the base. 
Herbage more or less hirsute. Leaves narrowly lanceolate below 
to broadly lanceolate above. Fruit often curved, somewhat 
shorter than its leaf-like bract. Mid summer. Bare alkaline 
clays, rare. -- swS-BC, US, (SA). 

A collection of B. densiflora (Lindley) Watson labelled 
M.O. Malte, Alberta, Lethbridge, Aug. 27, 1911 (CAN; DAO, photo) 

EPILOBIUM 1y2 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 83 


was mentioned by P. Raven in Brittonia ]7: 250. 1965 and was the 
basis for the Alberta entry in Boivin 1966. ‘he accuracy of the 
locality on the label was questioned by Raven and his doubts 
proved to be fully justified. We did not locate Malte's field 
records for that year, but a checking of other herbarium sheets 
at DAO showed that in late August 1911 Malte was collecting in 
British Columbia, not in Alberta. A similar check by Miss H. 
Harkness at the National Museum neatly confirmed and completed 
our sampling. The consolidated samplings provide us with the 
following spot-check on Malte's 1911 itinerary: 


Aug. 7a85 191) -- Fernie, B.C. 

Aug. 11 Nelson, B.C. 

Aug. 15 Salmon Arm, B.C. 

Aug. 16 Kamloops, B.C. 

Aug. 20-21 Vancouver, B.C. 

Aug. 24 Victoria, Cedar Hill, B.C. 
IN ay New Westminster, B.C. 

Aug. 31 Summerland, B.C. 

Sept. 3 Banff, Alta. 

Sept. 5-6 Calgary, Alta. 


In all likelihood the collection labelled Lethbridge came 
from the vicinity of Victoria, B.C., the only area where B. den- 
siflora is known to occur in Canada. 


3. OENOTHERA L. EVENING=PRIMROSE 

A basic type, 4-merous and the perianth of free parts, but 
the ovary inferior. 

A very heterogeneous genus comprising 15 subgenera many of 
which are rated as distinct genera by various authors. We have 
found the treatment by P.A. Munz, N. Am. Fl. an? a 79-177 1965 
to be the most practical solution, while being intellectually 
as satisfactory as any other arrangement known to us. 


a. Stemless or the stem rather short, overtopped by 
the basal leaves. 
b. Flowers very large, white ..........e. 8 O. caespitosa 
bb Smaller and yellow. 
Ce. Petals 1-2 cm long cccccccccccccccccece (eo O- flava 
ec. Shorter, 6-10 mm long .2..5.-ccee Ge Ov brevihlors 
aa. Stem much taller than the rosette leaves. 
d. Petals white, fading purplish ...se.e.. 2. O. Nuttallii 
dd. Petals yellow. 
@. Petals 1-3 mm Ong .c elles clelele oes sieves OSL Os ameina 
ee. Petals 5 mm long or more. 
f. Ovary and capsule rounded on the 
angles. 
ge A low Shrub ..cccccccccceee Je Of Serrulata 
ge. Biennial herb wscceccesceseee 1. O. biennis 
ff. Ovary and fruit winged or crested on 
the angles. 
143 OENOTHERA 


8h PH TT 05 010 Dd Vol. 17, no. 2 


h. Petals 5-9 mm long? seoseseees 5e O- perennis 
hh. Larger, 10-25 mm seesesecees 4. Of fruticosa 


1. Q» biennis L. var. biennis -- Evening-Primrose, Candle- 
stick (Herbe aux anes, Mache rouge) -- Large yellow flowers in 
the shape of a maltese cross. biennial herb, green, more or 
less pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, entire to remotely denticu- 
late. Flower borne at the end of a long thin tube, termed hy- 
panthium, longer than the ovary and enclosing it. Mid to late 
summer. Pioneer in open soils. -- (NF, NS-NE)-Q-(0-Man)-S-BC, 
US, (Eur) -- F. yuricata (L.) Boivin (0. mricata L.; O. parvi- 
flora L.) -- Pubescence partly of stiff hairs with a red and 
inflated base. -- (NF, NS-NB)-Q-O-(Man-BC, US) -- Var. canescens 
T. &G. (var. hirsutissima Gray; 0. strigosa (Rydb.) Mack. & 
Bush) -- More pubescent, grayish or whitish hairy, especially in 
the inflorescence. Muricate hairs none or few. -- (NS-O)-Man- 
Alta-(BC), US, (CA). 

In the east it has been minutisected into umpteen micro- 
Species as the result of genetic studies. Fortunately our local 
populations have remained completely outside these developments 
towards the miniaturization of the species concept. 

2. QO. Nuttallii Sweet (O. pallida AA.; Anogra Nuttallii 
(Sweet) Nelson) -- Stem bone-white. Tufted perennial. Leaves 
linear. Flowers large and showy, opening white in late after- 
noon, fading pink, drying reddish blue. Mid summer. Scattered 
tufts on sandy soils. -- O-BC, US. 

3. Q. serrulata Nutt. (Meriolix serrulata (Nutt.) Walp.-- 
Shrubby in the lower half. Leaves lanceolate to linear, cons- 
picuously serrate, tending to be conduplicate and falcate. Fruit 
linear. Summer. Prairie on sandy or gravelly soils. -- (C)- 
Man-Alta, Us. 

4, ©. FRUTICOSA L. -- (var. linearis (Mx.) Watson) -- Sun- 
drops -- Leaves alternate, becoming congested in the inflores- 
cence. Tufted perennial. Fruit ellipsoid, stipitate. Early 
summer. Rare weed of gravelly soils: Bird's Hill. -- (sMan), 
eus. 


5. Q. perennis L. (CQ. pumila L.) -- Sundrops -- Fruit cons- 
picuously stipitate. Generally similar to the preceeding, but 
the flowers smaller and the inflorescence racemose. Early sum- 
mer. Prairies on gravelly soils, rare: Teulon. -- NF-(SPM), 
NS-~O-(Man, swBC, eUS). 

6. Q. andina Nutt. var. endina -- Small annual with minute 
flowers. “Around 1 dm high and very branchy. Fruit largest at 
the base and gradually tapered. Early summer. Light soils, ra- 
re: Pend-d'Oreille. -- sAlta-(sBC), wus. 

In var. Hilgardii (Greene) Munz from the state of Washington 
the petals are about twice longer. 

7. Q. flavg (Nelson) Garrett (Lavauxia flava Nelson) -- 
Similar to the following but generally smaller and the flower 
yellow when fresh. Pubescence somewhzt shorter and less dense. 
Petals 1-2 cm long, fading purplish. Anthers 4-8 mm long. Hy- 

OENOTHERA is 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 85 


panthium and sepals finely glandular. Capsule slightly hirsute 
and finely glandular, the angles not verrucose and not particu- 
larly sinuous, Early summer. Steppes and eroded hillsides, -- 
SsSaSALEa en (UG9 IGA). 

8. OQ. caespitosa Nutt. var. caespitoss (var. montana 


(Nutt.) Durand; Pachylophus caespitosus (Nutt.) Raim.; P. mon- 
tanus (Nutt.) Nelson) -- Showy perennial with huge white flowers 


fading pink or red. Stemless with rosette leaves resembling 
those of a Taraxacum. Petals 2.5-4.5 cm long. Anthers 8-13 mm 
long. Hypanthium and sepals strigose. Capsule strigose or gla- 
brescent, strongly sinuose-verrucose on the angles. Early sum- 
mer. Bare clays and badlands, local. -- sS-sAlta, wUS -- Var. 
psammophila (Nels. & Macbr.) Munz -- Stem present, about 1 dm 
long. More restricted: Cardston. -- swAlta, nwus. 

Var. montana is apparently only a less common glabrous ex- 
treme, sporadic in the range of the typical pubescent phase. 

9. O. kreviflora T. &G. (OQ. brevifolia sphalm.; Taraxia 
breviflora (T. & G.) Nutt.) -- Like the previous 2 but the lea- 
ves more deeply divided, lyrately pinnatipartite, and the flo- 
wers smaller. Puberulent throughout, including the sepals, hy- 
panthium and capsule, the latter merely rounded on the angles, 
Petals yellow, 6-10 mm long, fading reddish. Anthers less than 
1 mm long. Early summer. Saline clay flats, rare. -- swS-sAlta- 
sBC, US. 


4, GAYOPHYTUM Jussieu 
Capsule bilocular and opening by 2 valves. Otherwise as 
in Oenothera. 


1. .G. humile Juss. (G. racemosum T. & G.) -- Capsule deeply 
sulcate on both faces. Inconspicuous and small annual, Somewhat 
puberulent. Leaves linear. Capsules linear. Mid summer. Dis- 
turbed sandy ground, rare: Mt. Glendown. -- swAlta, wUS, (SA). 

Closely related to, and none to clearly distinct from, the 
more western G. ramosissimum Nutt. 


5. GAURA L. BUTTERFLY WEED 
Fruit short and indehiscent. Otherwise as in Oenothera. 


1. G&. coccinea (Nutt.) Pursh var. coccinea -- Fruit rhom- 
boid. Tufted perennial with decumbent stems and terminal race- 
mes. Herbage pubescent and tending to be grayish, especially in 
the inflorescence. Flowers pinkish in bud, darkening and fading 
deep scarlet. Early to mid summer. Common on hillsides, dry 
prairies, roadsides, etc, -- O-Alta-(BC), US -- Var. plabra 
(Lehm.) T. & G. (G. glabra Lehm.) -- Glabrous or nearly so. Less 
frequent and of more restricted distribution. -- S-Alta, US. 


6. CIRCAEFA L. ENCHANTER*S NIGHTSHADE 
Floral partsin 2's. Fruit catchy by hooked hairs. 


a. Fruit broadly ODIANCEOVALS Wels siciclclste clalsicleiciale elsicle ic hUis lpina 
145 GAURA ~— 


86 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 
aa. Broadly obovoid TRE R REE ee eee eee eee See Cc. quadrisulcata 


1. C, alpina L. (C. pacifica Asch, & Magnus) -- A delica- 
te fopeet eens with small catchy fruits in terminal racemes. 
1-4 dm high. Leaves broad, ovate, remotely denticulate. Kaceme 
minutely and obscurely bracteolate, the bractlets mostly 0.1-0,.3 
mm lone. Flowers small, white. Petals t 1 mm long. Fruit t 
1 mm wide, not ridged. Early to mid summer. Common in damp fo- 
rests. -- (Mack), Aka, L-SPM, NS-BC, US, Eur -- Var. pacifica 
(Asch, & Magnus) M.E. Jones -- Raceme bractless except sometimes 
the lowermost 1-(3) flowers. Rockies. --~ swAlta -BC, wiS, 

Specimens of var, pacifica will commonly exhibit a number 
of other characters such as being taller and having leaves not 
cordate at base and less saliently toothed. Distinctions based 
on these additional characters have proved rather unsatisfactory 
as a certain proportion (about one in ten) of more eastern spe- 
cimens will also exhibit these same features in a sporadic 
fashion. We have therefore shifted the emphasis entirely to 
the presence or absence of bractlets in the inflorescence, a 
character more clearly restricted in its geography. 

Ze £- quadrisulcata (Max.) Franch. & Sav. var. canadensis 
(L.) Hara -- Rachis of the raceme purplish at the base of each 
pedicel. Le the preceeding, but larger throughout. 3-8 dm 
high. Petals t 2 mm long. Fruit 2-3 mm wide, with 6-10 longi- 
tudinal ridges. Summer. Alluvial woods on the Coteau de Prai- 
rie. -- (NF), NS, NB-sMan, US. 

In our variety the flowers are reputedly less brightly co- 
loured and less pubescent than the typical east-asiatic plant. 


85. CALLITRICHACEAE (WATER-STARWORT FAMILY) 
Flower insignificant, without perianth and reduced to an 
ovary or a Single stamen. 


1. CALLITRICHE L. WATER STARWORT 
Submerged atics with pear flowers. 
a. Leaves lwaltkes fruit larger ....+.e2. C. hermaphroditica 


aa. Leaves usually dimorphic; fruit smaller...ssl. C. palustris 


1. C. palustris L. (C. heterophylla AA.; C. verna L.) -- 
Submerged {aquatic wi th opposite and entire leaves, the latter 
usually dimorphic. Submerged leaves filiform, l-nerved and usu- 
ally about 2 cm long. Floating leaves smaller, = spatulate, 
3-nerved, the nerves reticulate. Fruit longer than broad, 
1,0-1.5 mm long, shallowly sulcate, the angles very sharp to nar- 
rowly winged. Summer, Common submerged aquatic. -- (G), K-Aka, 
L-SPM, NS-BC, US, (SA), Eur. 

We have examined and revised to C. palustris two (DAO, MT) 
of the three Manitoba collections listed as C. heterophylla 
Pursh by Léve 1959. The other collection was not seen. 

Macoun 1890 also reports C. heterophylla from the Moose Jaw 
Creek but there are no Saskatchewan specimens filed under that 
name to-day at CAN and the original collection has presumably 
ee since to some errs species, possibly C. palustris. 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 87 


2. CC. hermaphroditica L. (C. anceps AA.; C. autumalis L.) 
-- (Etoile d'eau) —- All leaves similar and narrowly linear, 


mostly around 1 cm long. Fruit 1.2-1.5-(2.0) mm wide, as wide 
as or slightly wider than long, deeply sulcate nearly to the 
central axis, being divided into 4 flat lobes. Summer. Slow 
moving water. -- (G), Mack-(Y)-Aka, (1-NF), NB-BC, US, Eur. 


Order 47, SAXIFRAGALES 
Resembling the Rosales, with free petals and fused sepals, 
but the carpels more or less united and the flower typically 
perigynous. 


a. Carpels (4)-5; mostly fleshy plants .......86. Crassulaceae 
aae Carpels 2 eeeeveeeoeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Sie Saxifragaceae 


86, CRASSULACEAE (ORPINE FAMILY) 
Differs from the Saxifragaceae by its more numerous car- 
pels that are only slightly united at base. 


a. Flowers showy COP SSS EHO SH SE SES SSSSSHO SESH HESEHO SESE 1. Sedum 
aa. Flowers greenish, without petals ...ssesscesee 2- Penthorum 


1. SEDUM L. STONE-CROP 
Fleshy herbs of dry and rocky habitats with showy flowers 
like those of Saxifraga, but the carpels more numerous. 


a. Leaves mostly opposite or verticillate ........ 5. S. Rosea 
aa. Leaves alternate. 
b. Leaves very thick and less than 3 mm wide. 
c. Stem leaves less than 5 mm long ......2- 1. S. acre 
ec. Longer, mostly around 1 em long. 
d. Leaves narrowed at base ..... 6. S. lanceolatum 
dd. Conspicuously larger at base .. 
eco rceereseeceeeeeseceeceoeese® ie s. stenopetalum 
bb. Leaves flat and at least 5 mm wide. 
Ce Flowers reddish eoeeecececseseseseece 4, s. Telephium 
ee. Yellow. 
f. Leaves spatulate, dentate above 
the middle only eeeccesecceessece Ze Ss. hybridum 
ff. Lanceolate, serrate their whole 
length eeoeeeeseseseeeseeeseseses ae s. Aizoon 


1. S. ACRE L. -- Mountain-Moss, Love-Entangle (Gazon d'or, 
Petite joubarbe) -- The whole plant yellowish-green and forming 
a carpet less than 1 dm high. Leaves small and short, closely 
imbricated, not falling off in drying. Flowers yellow, few. 
Early summer. Cultivated and rarely escaped in dry or rocky 
places: Pointe-du-Bois, Ft. Qu'Appelle, Ma-Me-O. -- (G, NF-SPM), 
NS-BC, US, Eur. 

2. S. HYBRIDUM L. -- Leaves 5-12 mm wide, short-spatulate, 
dentate only in the upper half. About 2 dm high. Yellow flo- 
wers in a terminal cyme. aor summer. Cultivated and rarely 

147 SEDUM 


88 PEYTOLOG IA Vol. 17, no. 


escaping to roadsides and rocky places: Pointe-du-bois, Fort 
Saskatchewan. -- Q, sMan, cAlta, Eur. 

3. S, AIZOON L. -- Leaves 3-10 cm long, lanceolate, ser- 
rate their whole length. Plant 2-6 dm high. Flowers yellow in 
acyme. Early summer. Cultivated and rarely escaped to road- 
sides: Ma-Me-O. -- cAlta, Eur. 

It was also reported for Saskatoon by Russell 1944, and 
Breitung 1957, but the justifying collection is likely to be 
only a cultivated specimen as it is labelled R.C. Russell, Sas- 
katoon, "U", garden, June 29, 1932 (SASK; DAO, photo) « Further, 
it was later revised to S. Telephium. 

4, S, TELEPHIUM L. -- Live-Forever, Orpine (Grassette, 
Chou au liévre) -- Flowers reddish in a dense terminal corymb. 
Stem 4-7 dm high. Leaves t elliptic, rather large and very 
fleshy, coarsely dentate, often densely punctate in purple. Mid 
summer, Cultivated and rarely escaped to roadsides; reported 
from The Pas. -- (NF), NS-O-(Man), BC, US, Eur. 

5. §S» Rosea (L.) Scop. var. integrifolium (Raf.) Berger 
(S. Roseum sphalm.) -- Aaron's Rod, Midsummer-Men (Millegraine, 
Racine de Rose) -- Leaves partly y alternate, partly opposite or 
verticillate, entire, ovate to lanceolate. 1-3 dm high, In- 
florescence small, purplish-black. Early summer. Kocky alpine 
habitats. -- Mack-Aka, Alta-BC, US, (Eur). 

In the more eastern var. Rosea the fruits are paler, pink 
to red, and the leaves are commonly dentate. 

6. S» lanceglatum Torrey (S. stenopetalum AA.) -- Flower- 
ing stems ; arising from a dense carpet of sterile shoots. Leaves 
linear, those of the sterile shoots crowded and persisting in 
the herbarium, the stem leaves not so crowded and falling off in 
drying. Flowers yellow in a terminal cyme. Early summer. Rol- 
ling montane prairies, from the Coteau Boisé westward. -- Y- 
(Aka), swS-BC, US. 

7. S. stenopetalum Pursh (S. Douglasii Hooker) -- Similar 
but bulbiferous in the upper half of the stem. Leaves drying 
whitish and abundantly rusty-spotted. Bulblets axillary, folia- 
ceous. Early summer. Rocky places at mid altitudes: Water- 
ton. -- swAlta-sBC, wus. 


2. PENTHORUM L. DITCH-STONE-CROP 
Petals lacking and the plant not fleshy. 


1. P. sedoides L. ~- Perennial herb arising from a creep- 
ing base. Leaves lanceolate, serrate. Inflorescence glandular, 
terminal. Flowers in secund cymes. Filaments 10, persistent 
in fruit. Calyx lobes small and discrete. Mid summer. Shores 
and ditches, rare. -- NB-seMan, US. 


87. SAXIFRAGACEAE (SAXIFRAGE FAMILY) 
Like the Crassulaceae, but the ovary typically reduced to 


2 carpels. 
SEDUM 148 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 89 


a. Petals lacking weer ecesceeereeesseseseree 10. Chrys osplenium 
aa. Petals present. 
b. Stamens alternating with staminodia; 
carpels 4; leaves entire ...ecseccceeeeee Ll. Parnassia 
bb. Staminodia lacking; carpels usually 2. 
ec. Petals trifid to pectinate. 
d. Styles 3; leaves palmatipartite .. 
@eeseeeeovoeeeseseeeeeeeeeeoeeseeeee Wie Lithophragma 
dd. Styles 2; leaves shallowly to 
deeply bDilobed ...ccccccseccccccccce Se Mitella 
ec. Petals entire. 
e. Inflorescence a simple raceme... 9. Conimitella 
ee. More branched and not a raceme. 
f. Stamens 5. 
g. Ovary bilocular; inflores- 
CENCE CYMOSE weccesecseee 2. OUkSdorfia 
gg. Unilocular; inflorescence 
Spicate to narrowly pani- 
Cuillaternisiatsieisisicleisiaisisvclielsialciels 6. Heuchera 
ff. Stamens 10. 
h. Petals filiform, resembling 
the filaments of the sta- 
mens @eeeeeeevneveeveeeeeeeee ee @ Se Tiarella 
hh. Petals broader and more obvious. 
i. Carpels completely fused; 
styles partly fused....4. Telesonix 
ii. At least the styles free. 
j. Carpels mostly 
completely free..1. Leptarrhena 
jj. Carpels fused ven- 
trally for the lower 
half or SO .eeoeee 3. Saxifraga 


1. LEPTARRHENA Br. 
As Saxifraga but the carpels nearly free to the base and 
the calyx barely adnate to the base of the ovary. 


yrolifolia (D. Don) Br. -- Rather resembling Saxi- 
fraga ee eee etc., but the stem typically bearing one , lar 
ge leaf which is t cordate at base. Basal leaves oblong, thick- 
ish, serrate, the nerves impressed above. Inflorescence densely 
glandular in red. Flowers marcescent. Petals white, narrow and 
inconspicuous, t linear. Early summer. Along creeks and sho- 
res, -- Y-Aka, swAlta-BC, US. 


2. SUKSDORFIA Gray 
Stem arising from a tuft of bulblets. Stamens only 5 and 
the inflorescence cymose; otherwise as in Saxifraga. 


ae Flowers das =[¢7/)) Covers eeseseeseseseoseeseoes Lie s. violacea 
aa. More numerous slalatelelelele'e'eiele/eleleleieleteiereiets ol te Ss. ranunculifolia 
149 LEPTARRHENA 


90 PPT OMe 2s Vol. 17, no. 2 


1. g* ranunculifolia(Hooker) Engler (Hemieva ranunculifo- 
lia (Hooker) Raf.) -- Stem arising from a cluster of rusty-co- 
Toured bulblets. 1-3 dm high and glandular-pubescent. Leaves 
palmatipartite. Flowers white, usually with a deep red center. 
Late spring and early summer. Wet rocky places in the mountains; 
Waterton -- (swilta)-BC, US. 

2. §. violacea Gray -- A delicate herb resembling many 
Saxifraga, the petals pink to drying violet; they are white 
or yellow, sometimes red, in_Saxifraga, except S. oppositifolia. 
Stem simple, 1-3 dm high, with few and inconspicuous basal 
bulblets. Herbage glandular-pubescent. Leaves mostly cauline, 
alternate and palmatilobed to palmatifid. Flowers few or sin- 
gle. Petals rather showy, oblanceolate, sometimes nearly white. 
Late spring and early summer, Wet rocky banks and cliffs in 
the mountains;rare: Carbondale River. -- swAlta-BC, US. 


3. SAXIFRAGA L. SAXIFRAGA 
The basic type of the family and a readily recognized ge- 
nus by its ovary obviously composed of two carpels that are fu- 
sed ventrally below the middle, but quite free in the upper 
half, the two styles conspicuously distinct. Stamens 10. 


ae Leaves opposite Coeeeeeeeeseseeeeeeeses 16. Ss. oppositifolia 
aa. Leaves alternate or all basal. 

b. Stem leafless below the inflorescence ......... Group A 

bb. Stem leafy occcevcccccccvccccnscascsssceessesse GFOUp B 


Group A 
Foliage mainly basal, the stem leafless, but the branches 
of the inflorescence often subtended by t reduced leaves. 


a. Leaves subcordate to deeply cordate at base. 
b. Many of the flowers replaced by clusters 
Of, bullblietS cceccccvcceecoeveccececese 7a s. Mertensiana 
bb. Not bulbiferous Core eresesreeseeeeesesese a ee Ss. punctata 
aa. Leaves broadly to narrowly cuneate at base. 
c. Sepals sharply reflexed and pendent. 
d. Glabrous or slightly puberulent 
above @eeeeeeeeeaeeeoeeeeees ee eeeeeeeee 56 Ss. Lyallii 
dd. Abundantly glandular-pubescent 
throughout ..cccsccccscccccccsocce Oe Se forruginea 
cc. Sepals ascending to more or less spreading. 
e. Petals 2-4 mm long ...seecceeeee 4. S. occidentalis 
ee. More elongate, 4.0-4.5 mm long...5. S. virginiensis 


Group B 
Stem with few to many leaves below the inflorescence. 


a. Leaves trifid to palmately lobed. 
b. Bulbiferous in the upper axils .......+.. 10. S,. cernua 
bb. Not bulbiferous. 
c. Leaf lobes ligulate .........eee0- 12. S. cespitosa 
SUKSDORFIA 150 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 91 


cc. Ovate to rounded ..cceccecesceeeee 11. S. rivularis 
aa. Leaves 3-toothed to entire. 
d. Flowers white; petals punctate or not. 
e. Leaves soft, with a rounded tip....9. S. adscendens 
ee. Leaves stiff, prickly pointed. 
f. Leaves entire ....eeseceecee 13. S. bronchialis 
ff. 3-toothed at apex ......... 14. S. tricuspidata 
dd. Yellow-flowered, the petals not punctate. 
g. Conspicuously long stoloniferous .. 
@eeeeeeeeerceaeeeveeeeeeaeoeeeeeeeeeeee Si s. flagellaris 
gg.e Not stoloniferous. 
h. Leaves all alike, all sessile...15. S. aizoides 
hh. Basal leaves petiolate ..ceceeeee 7 Se Hirculus 


1. S. punctata L. var. Porsildiana (Calder & Savile) Boi- 
vin (S. aestivalis AA.; S. arguta AA.) -- Leaves deeply reni- 
form and flabellately lobed. Scapose, villous, stoloniferous. 
Flowers white with a red center. Filaments thin. Early summer. 
Wet cliffs near timberline: Rockies. -- K-(Mack)-Y, swAlta-BC. 

Four other intergrading varieties occur in Canada, of which 
one may mention var. arguta (D. Don) Engl. & Irmsch. (including 
ssp. pacifica Hultén), with glabrous and larger leaves, the main 
ones 2.5-7.5 em wide, occurring from southern Alaska to north- 
western B.C. This was also cited for Yukon as ssp. pacifica in 
Bot. Not. 109: 192. 1956,but the justifying collection, N.J. 
Freeman, Quill Creek, 1953 (WIN; DAO, photo), has since been re- 
vised to var. Porsildiana. 

2. QR. Mertensiana Bong.-- Cocoa-Nuts -- Flowers partly re- 
placed by clusters of pinky bulblets. Scapose,reddish glandu- 
lar-pubescent. Leaves orbicular, deeply cordate, palmately lo- 
bed, the lobes 3-toothed. Inflorescence very open. Flowers 
white with conspicuously clavate filaments. Early summer. Drip- 
ping cliffs in the mountains: Waterton. -- sAk», swAlta-BC, wuS. 

3. S. Lyallii Engler var. Lyallii -- Leaves spatulate, 
coarsely toothe the upper half. Seapose and mostly around 
1 dm high. Inflorescence t racemose. Petals white to red tin- 
ged. Sepals deep red. Filaments clavate. Early summer. Al- 
pine brooks and late snow patches. Rockies. -- swilta-sBC, (US) 
@-- Var. Hultenii Calder & Savile -- Taller plant, 1-3 dm high, 
with larger basal leaves, broadly obovate to flabelliform. In- 
florescence paniculate. -- Y-Aka, swilta-BC, US -- Var. laxa 
Engler (S. Lyallii X S. odontoloma AA.) -- Also taller, 2-4 dm 
high and the basal leaves orbicular, broadly cuneate to sub- 
truncate at base. Inflorescence paniculate. Sometimes reputed 
a hybrid, but one parent is missing over much of the range. -- 
(swAlta)-sBC, (US). 

4, S. occidentalis Watson var. gccidentalis (S. nivalis 
AA.; S. rhomboidea »; Se rufidula (Small) Macoun; Micranthes 
rhomboidea AA.) -= Quite like the following, but the inflores- 
cence more congested and the flowers smaller. Herbage commonly 
reddish glandular-puberulent. Petals obovate to oblong. First 

SAXIFRAGA 


92 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


half of summer. Dry montane prairies on slopes: Cypress and 
Rockies. -- (seAka), swo-swilta-sKC, wS. 

Further south there occurs a number of rather weak varia- 
tions, of which var. idahoensis (Piper) C.L. Hitche. has strong- 
ly clavate filaments and var. latipetiolata C.l. Hitchc. has a 
short and broadly winged petiole. 

S. rhomboidea Greene is a Colorado and Wyoming species with 
a semi-inferior ovary, while in our S. occidentalis the ovary 
is almost completely superior. All Canadian specimens met with 
under S. rhomboidea have been studied and revised to C. occi- 
dentalis. 

5. SS» Virginiensis Mx. -- Everlasting, Sweet Wilson (Pas- 
sSe-pierre) -- Leaves typically rhomboid-ovate and serrate. Sca- 
pose, commonly 1-2 dm high, mostly glandular-villous. Petals 
oblanceolate. Mid spring. Open sandy or rocky places where it 
may be quite conspicuous at flowering time. -- NB-seMan, US. 

6. Ss. ferruginea Graham -- Leaves rather lerge, commonly 
3-10 cm long, cuneate-oblanceolate and remotely serrate above 
the middle only. Inflorescence diffuse. Flowers white. Petals 
unguiculate, lanceolate. First half of summer. Wet shaded 
rocks, at the middle altitudes: Waterton. -- (nwMack), sAka, 
(swAlta)-BC, US -- F. Vreelandii (Small) St. John & Thayer (var. 
Macounii Engler & Irmscher) -- Flowers partly replaced by green 
leafy bulblets, their leaves obovate to spatulate. -- (sAka), 
swAlta-KC, US. 

7. S. Hirculus L. -- (Faux-ciste) -- Flower yellow, usually 
Solitary. Rufous-villous above. Stem leaves numerous,sessile, 
narrowly linear, the basal ones lanceolate, with a petiole about 
as long as the blade. Petalsti1cmilong. Mid summer. Wet 
arctic tundra. -- GeAka, nQ-nMan, wUS, Eur. 

The many reports, new and old, from Saskatchewan, Alberta 
and B.C., are not substantiated by any specimen that we could 
locate andwere presumably based on old misidentifications or were 
speculative additions. 

8. S. flagellaris W. var. flagellaris -- Spider-Plant -- 
Producing = 6 conspicuous superficial stolons. Stem leafy, so- 
litary, with 1 to a few yellow flowers. Herbage = glandular- 
pubescent. Stolons filiform, naked, about 1 dm long, rooting 
at tip. Mid summer. High alpine on polygons or solifluction 
Soils: Rockies. -- wMack-Aka, swilta-nBC, US, Eur. 

The glandulosity is clear to light brown in ours but the 
glands are purple black in the arctic var. platysepala Trautv. 

9. S. adscendens L. var. oregonensis (Raf.) Breitung -- 
Leaves mostly 3-toothed or 3-lobed, but soft 2nd not spinescent. 
Biennial, less than 1 dm high, glandular-puberulent throughout. 
Flowers white. Mid summer, Talus slopes and permafrost soils 
at high altitudes. -- sY-seAka, swilta-BC, wiS. 

The typical eurasian phase is generally larger, with lar- 
ger flowers and larger stem leaves. 

10. S. cernua L. -=- With clusters of fleshy, deep purple 
bulblets in the axils of the upper leaves. Glandular-villous. 
Leaves palmatilobed, the lower_ones on very long petioles. 

SAXTFRAGA 152 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 93 


Flower white, typically single and terminal. Mid summer. Wet 
cliffs and mountain summits. -- (G)-F-Aka, L, Q, swilta-BC, US, 
Eur. 

ll. S. rivularis L. -- Similar to the preceeding, but not 
bulbiferous and the few flowers usually on very long pedicels, 
commonly longer than half the height of the plant. Leaves 6)- 
5-(7) lobed, not bulbiferous. Petals white. Early summer. 
Crevices of outcrops in arctic regions and in the mountains. -- 
GeAka, L-NF, Q, nMan, swilta-BC, US, (Eur). 

12. S. cespitosa L. (var. groenlandica (L.) Pursh; var. 
minima Blank. eaves digitately lobed, the lobes ligulate. 
qr eee forming dense cushions, the stems about 
1 dm high. Leaves cut into 3-(5) lobes. Flower white, often 
single. First half of summer. Alpine shale slopes and arctic 
gravels. -- GeAka, L-NF, Q, nMan, swilta-seBC, US, Eur. 

13. S. bronchialis L. var. austromontana (Wiegand) G.N. 
Jones =-- Forming dense cushions of entire, stiff and spinescent 
leaves. Leaves marcescent, stiffly ciliate. Stem thin, glan- 
dular puberulent. Petals 5.0-6.5 mm long, not unguiculate, 
white, with about 6 deep-red dots. Early to mid summer. Rocky 
alpine meadows. -- swAlta-KC, US. 

Replaced to the northwest by a var. purpureomaculata Hul- 
tén with unguiculate and somewhat larger petals, typically 7-8 
mm long. 

14. S. tricuspidata Rottb. (Leptasea tricuspidata (Rottb. ) 
Haw.) -- Leaves fleshy, 3-toothed at apex, the teeth spiny. 
Carpet forming perennial, similar to the preceeding. Leaves li- 
gulate, stiffly ciliate. Flowers white, the petals with 10-15 
magenta dots. Early summer. Rocky outcrops in northern regions. 
-- G-Aka, nL, nQ-EC. 

15. S. aizoides L. -- Yellow-flowered carpet-making peren- 
nial. Stem densely puberulent, 1 dm high or less. Leaves all 
alike, sessile, narrowly lanceolate,marcescent, slightly fleshy. 
Mid summer. Alpine and arctic gravels and other loose soils.-- 
G-Mack-(Y) L-NF, NS, Q-(nO)-nMan, swAlta-eBC, US, Eur. 

16. S. oppositifolia L. -- Mayflower -- Leaves opposite; 
flowers purple. Densely leafy carpet-making perennial. Leaves 
obovate, long ciliate, marcescent, turning blackish. Flowers 
solitary at the end of the branches. Early summer. Exposed 
rocky or gravelly places in arctic or alpine regions. -- G-Aka, 
L-NF, Q, nMan, swilta-BC, US, Eur. 

Reports of S. oem ree. from Saskatchewan by many authors 
are probably based on the distribution given by Hooker 1832. The 
latter mention may have been based on collections from the Great 
Slave Lake or possibly the Great Bear Lake. 


4, TELESONIX Raf. 
Differs from Saxifraga in the carpels being fused ventrally 
their whole length and the styles often partly fused. 


1. 2. Jamesii (Torrey) Raf. var. heycheriformis (Rydb.) 
Bacigalupi (Boykinia heucheriformis (Rydb.) Ros.) -- With the 


153 TELESONIX 


9h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


general habit of a Heuchera, but the flowers reddish and the pu- 
bescence also often reddish, especially near the base of the flo- 
wer. Glandular-pubescent throughout, 1-7 dm high. Leaves orbi- 
cular, lobed and dentate, cordate at base. Calyx t reddish. 
Early summer. Rock crevices at the Hot Springs of Roche Miette. 
-- swAlta-(BC), US. 

In ours the petals are obovate to spatulate and mostly 3 m 
long. The typical phase, restricted to the Rockies of Colorado, 
is somewhat larger flowered, the petals 3-5 mm long and somewhat 
larger, broadly obovate to suborbicular. 


5. TIARELIA L. FALSE MITREWORT 
Flower slightly irregular. Upper calyx lobe somewhat 
longer than the others. Carpels unequal in size the lower one 
often becoming as much as twice as long as the 1-(2) upper ones 
in fruit. 


ae Leaves simple eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee ee 


5 unifoliata 
aa. Trifoliate eeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeee Zs 


T. 
T. trifoliata 

1. TI. 4foliata Hooker (f. trisecta Lakala) -- Petals 
insignificant, about as narrow as the filaments of the anthers. 
Glandular-puberulent perennial, the leaves mostly basal, tri- 
lobed to tripartite, the lobes irregularly crenate-dentate. 
Flowers white in a narrow panicle. Early summer. Mountain 
woods in the Rockies and Swan Hills. -- Aka, Alta-KC, nwiS. 

More deeply lobed specimens have been called now a mere 
form, f. trisecta, now as an interspecific hybrid to T. trifo- 
Jiiata. The last assumption seems rather improbable since the 
form was originally described from the albertan Rockies, an 
area where one of the postulated parents is not known to occur. 

2. ZT. trifoliata L. -- Similar, but the leaves trifoliate. 
Tending to be taller and more abundantly flowered. Early sum- 
mer. Wetter coniferous forests, rare: Whitecourt. -- sAka, 
weAlta-BC, nwUs. 


6. HEUCHERA L. ALUM-ROOT 
Stamens only 5 as in Suksdorfia, but the carpels fused in- 
to a unilocular ovary. Otherwise as in Saxifraga. Flower often 
Somewhat asymetrical. 


a. Calyx 2-4 mm long, including the semi-inferior ovary. 
be Leaf-teeth BCULO ccctccccceeeseeeccouscece jy H. glabra 
bb. Leaves broader, their teeth broadly 
TOUNdE 2. ccccccccccccccccccccccccvoce 4 H. parvifolia 
aa. Flowers larger, the calyx 5-12 m long. 
ce. Stamens included in the calyx ......+. 2. H. cylindrica 
ec. Stamens exserted; leaves and flowers 
larger eeoeeee~eeeeseeeeeeseseseoeere Sie H. Richardsonii 


1. H. glabra W. -- Pedicels recurved,mostly longer than 
the flowers. Leaves sharply dentate, at least one well developed 
TIARELLA 15h 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 95 


leaf borne on the stem or subtending the lowest branch. Panicu- 
le open, sometimes secund. Mid summer. River cliffs, rare: 
Mt. Edith Cavell. -- sAka, swilta-KC, US. 

2. H. cylindrica Douglas var. glabella (T. & G.) Wheelock 
(var. septentrionalis R., B. & L.) -- Petals linear, included 
and inconspicuous, but the calyx lobes yellowish. Scapose pe- 
rennial 3-6 dm high. Leaves broadly ovate, lobed, the lobes 
crenate. Inflorescence a narrow racemiform panicle. Late 
spring to mid summer. Open rocky slopes in the mountains. -- 
swilta-sBC > wus. 

Petioles glabrous or somewhat glandular-puberulent, never 
hirsute. The typical phase occurs west of us and is readily 
recognized by the dense and mixed pubescence of the petioles, 
partly long hirsute, partly glandular-puberulent. 

3. H. Richardsonii Br. var. Richardsonii (var. hispidior 
R., Be & Le; H. hispida AA.) -- Alum-Root -- Much like the pre- 
ceeding, but the calyx strongly asymetrical and the stamens ex- 
serted. Calyx barely petaloid. Petals pink, spatulate, about 
as long as the calyx lobes. Early summer. Common on rolling 
prairie. -- Mack, O-sMan-neBC, US. 

In airs the capsule is included, the stamens barely exsert- 
ed and the petals are merely papillose. We have submerged var. 
hispidior as being a mere sporadic extreme of pubescence. 
Further south one may find var. Grayana R., B. & L. (including 
var. affinis k., B. & L., a smaller-flowered extreme) with a 
somewhat exserted capsule, more strongly exserted stamens and 
petals at once glandular and papillose. 

4, H. parvifolia Nutt. var. dissecta M.E. Jones (H. fla- 
bellifolia Rydb.) -- Flowers smal] and the white petals exserted 
as in H. glabra, but the panicle narrow and racemiform. Gene- 
rally smaller, the leaves only 1-3 em wide. Late spring to 
early summer. Foothill prairies. -- (swS)-swAlt--(seBC), US. 


7. LITHOPHRAGMA Nutt. 
Petals conspicuously and digitately lobed. The gender of 
this genus was discussed in Taxon 12: 208. 1963. 
ae Bulbiferous in the upper AXLI1S ceccccccccccce ale L. glebrum 
aa. Not bulbiferous cecccccccccccccccsccseccs Ze L. perviflorum 


1. J. glabrum Nutt. rammlosum (Suksd.) Boivin (L. bulbi- 
ferum Rydb.; L. tenellum AA.) -- Lower flowers replaced by clust- 
ers of deep-purple fleshy bulblets. Otherwise, quite like the 
following. Calyx campanulate, elongating up to 5 m in fruit. 
Petals somewh2t smeller, mostly trifid. Late spring. Prairies 
near springs: Cypress Hills and Rockies. -- swS-swAlta-BC, US. 

The more restricted var. glabrum from the western United 
States lacks any bulblets. 

2. L. parviflorum (Hooker) Nutt. -- Leaves palmatipartite. 
Flowers few, in a terminel raceme. Calyx more elongate, cuneate 
at base, elongating to 6-10 mm in fruit and becoming somewhat 
tubular. Petals white, mostly 5-lobed. Early summer. Moist 
montane prairies. -- swAlta-BC, US. 

155 LITHOPHRAGMA 


96 rn ae tT OLeers Vol. 17, no. 2 


8. MITELIA L. MITREWORT, BISHOP'S CAP 
Petals trifid to pectinately divided into filiform seg- 
ments. Styles 2. 


a. Petals digitately trifid, white cecccecceseee le Me trifida 
aa. Petals pectinate. be 
b. Pedicels 1-2 mm long; petioles villous 
witn long rufous hairs ...... cocsvescoces Je M. Broweri 
bo. Longer; pubescence white. ¥: 
c. Stamens 10; leaves broadly rounded 
Ab FIP weccccccccccccccsccsccscvecccccce Le Me muda 
cc. Stamens 5; leaves obtuse at tip; ia] 
larger plant ..ccessecceeceeceeeeeeece M. pontandra 


1. M. nuda L. -- Small delicate forest herb with yellow- 
ish-petals pectinately divided. Smaller, 1-(2) dm high. Lea- 
ves smaller, 1-3-(5) cm wide, suborbicular, deeply cordate, 

+ crenate. Stamens 10. Seeds black, small ,but conspicuous on 
the cup-like fruit wall. Early summer. Common forest species. 
-- (K)-Mack-Y-(Aka), L-SPM, NS-BC, US, (Eur). 

2. M. pentandra Hooker -- Stamens only 5 and opposite the 
greenish petals. Leaves broadly cordate, shallowly lobed, tne 
lobes crenate. Summer. Wetter spots in montane and subalpine 
forests and meadows. -- Y-Aka, whlta-BC, US. 

3. M. Breweri Gray -- Much as in the preceeding, but tne 
leaves broader and reniform. and the stamens opposite the calyx 
lobes. Leaves merely crenate or sometimes weakly lobed. Mid 
summer. Wetter areas in the upper montane zone in Waterton. 

-- swAlta-BC, US. 

4. M. trifida Graham (M. violacea Rydb.) -~- Calyx lobes 
whitish and the trifid petals white. Stamens 5, opposite tne 
calyx lobes. Leaves more like tnose of M. pentandra. First 
half of summer. Mountain springs and wet cliffs. -= (swAlta)- 
BC, US. 


9. CONIMITELLA Rydb. 
Differs from Mitella by its entire petals and almost com- 
pletely inferior ovary. 


1. ¢. Williamsii (D.C. Eaton) Rydb. -- Bracts petaloid, 
white and Spink, 1-2 mm long and fimbriate. Herbage densely 
glandular-puberulent. Leaves reniform, all basal. Scape ra- 
ther long, bearing only 5-10 subsessile flowers. Petals white, 
narrowly oblanceolate, -5 mm long including a claw nearly as 
long as the blade. Calyx lobes + 1 mm long, petaloid, white 
and pink. Early summer. Rich montane forests: Crownest Fo- 
rest. -- swAlta, wus. 


10. CHRYSOSPLENIUM L. GOLDEN SAXIFRAGE 
Petals lacking. Carpels 2, united into a unilocular ovary, 
the two styles far removed to opposite sides of the ovary. Sta- 
mens marcescent and present even in fruit. 
MITELLA 156 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 97 


1. ¢. alternifolium L. var. tetrandrum (Th. Fries) Lund 
(C. americanum AA.; C. tetrandrum Th. Fries) --(Cresson doré, 
Cresson de roche) -- Small erect herb, usually less than 1 dm 
high, with reniform and crenate leaves. Most leaves and flo- 
wers clustered near the top of the plant. Sepals all alike, 
green, erect. Stamens ), opposite the sepals. Early summer. 
Wet shaded places. -- (G)-F-K-(Mack-Y)-Aka, (L), Q-(0)-Man-BC, 
wUS, (Eur) -- Var. iowense (Rydb.) Boivin (C. iowense Rydb.) -- 
Sepals of two sizes, the outer ones somewhat wider. Sepals yel- 
lowish-green, recurved at tip. Stamens 5 to 8, the additional 
ones alternating with the sepals. -- swMack, sMan-sAlta, (ncUS, 
Eur). 

Var. iowense is very close to var. sibiricum Ser., the main 
distinction of the latter being that the stamens are always in 
8's. 


11. PARNASSTA L. GRASS OF PARNASSUS 
With 5 clusters of staminodia, each cluster borne on a fla- 
bellate base. Carpels . Herbs with entire leaves and a sin- 
gle terminal flower. Stem scapose or unifoliate. 


AleMGaVEshronit OLMiisic oes « tisiaelelslslss elelvis ole nlc 6 ee he P. fimbriata 
aa. Leaves ovate, longer than broad. in 
b. Petals small, about as large and as long 
Ascher se pall daelsieleleie se. slelels/cleiclete cles eis hs) KOUZGOUCT 
bb. Much larger, at least twice proader than — 
the sepals. 
c. Stem leafless ...e.e.eeeseeeeerceeeee Be Pe glauca 
cc. Stem unifoliate .......e-sessseeeee 2. P. palustris 


1. P, Kotzebuei Cham. var. Kotzebuei -- Smaller, usually 
around 1 dm high. Stem leafless. Flower small, the petals el- 


liptic-lanceolate and about as long as the calyx lobes. Before 
mid summer. Wetter alpine and arctic meadows. -- (G-F)-K-Aka, 
L-NF, Q-(nO)-nMan-(nS)-Alta-BC, US, (Eur). 

A dwarf var. pumila Hitchc. & Ownbey with much reduced 
staminodia has been described from a limited area in the Okana- 
gan Valley. 

2. P: palustris L. var. tenuis Wahl. (var. neogaea Fern.; 
P. multiseta (Led.) Fern.) -- Grass of Parnassus, White Butter- 
cups (Fleur du Parnasse) -- Tufted herb, each stem bearing a 
single smaller, cordate and sessile leaf towards the lower 
third. Stem usually 2-l; dm high. Leaves ovate, broadly rounded 
to cordate at base. Petals about 14 times as long as the se- 
pals. Staminodia cluster typically with more than 10 segments. 
Mid to late summer. Wet meadows and marshy places. -- K-(Mack)- 
Y-Aka, (L-AF), Q-BC, US,(Eur) -- Var. montanensis(Fern. & Rydb.) 
C.L. Hitchc. (P. montanensis Rydb. & Fern.) -- Somewhat smal- 
ler. Petals only slightly longer than the calyx lobes. Stami- 
nodia with less than 10 segments. Not always clearly distinct. 
-- (Y), Alta-(seBC, US) -- Var. parviflora (DC.) Boivin (P. 
parviflora DC.) -- Still smaller. Typically 1-2 dm high. Stem 

157. PARNASSIA 


98 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


and bagal leaves usually cuneate or rounded at base. Petals 
less than 1 cm long. Staminodia with less than 10 segments. -- 
(Mack-Aka, L)-NF, NS-PEI, Q-nMan-seBC, US. 

The inclusion of P. montanensis in Saskatchewan lists by 
Russell 195, and Breitung 1957 is credited to Raup 1936. How- 
ever the latter gives only three localities, two of them, Calu- 
met and Shelter Point, being in Alberta while Great Slave Lake 
is in Mackenzie District. There was no Saskatchewan sheet at 
GH in 1965. 

3. P. glauca Raf. (P. americana Munhl.; P. caroliniana AA.) 
-- Flowering Plantain -- Leaves all dasal, broadly ovate to 
elliptic, rounded at base. Calyx lobes snort, only 3-5 mm long. 
Petals 10-18 mm long, more than twice as long as the calyx lo- 
bes. Staminodia mostly with 3 coarse and reddisn segments. Late 
summer. Wetter prairies. -- NF, NB-cS, US. 

Canadian reports of the soutnern P. caroliniana Mx. are ge- 
nerally based on specimens of P. glauca, but Gardner's 1946 re- 
ports for Churchill and Labrador are undoubtedly based on some- 
thing else still. The corresponding specimens could not be 
found at DAO or QFA in 1965 and 1966. 

. p- fimbriata Konig var. fimbriatg -- Petals coarsely 
fimbriate on each side in the lower half. Leaves broader than 
long, reniform and deeply cordate. Stem leaf small, borne to- 
wards the middle. Mid summer. Brooksides and springs near 
timberline. -- (swMack)-Y-Aka, swAlta-BC, US. 

The staminodia are short, stubby and not capitate in our 
variety, but they are longer, thinner and capitate in two other 
varieties from the western U.S. 


Order 48. SAPRACENIALES 
Carnivorous and capturing insects in a variety of ways. A 
primitive type of flower with the parts mostly in 5's and free, 
except for the fused carpels. 


a. Inflorescence a raceme ........ woccce-ceeee 88. Droseraceae 
aa. Flowerssolitaryiliv. gudeve. des ccivestebse0b9..Sarracenmacese 


88. DROSERACEAE (SUNDEW FAMILY) 
Single genus with us. Styles 3-5. Insects trapped by 
hair-like processes. 


1. DROSERA L. SUNDEW 
Leaves covered with coarse hair-like processes, capitate, 
glutinous and in which the insects become trapped to be eventual- 
ly digested. Herbs with the leaves all basal and flowers in a 
raceme borne on a scape. 


a. Leaves linear, the limb + 2 mm wide ......-. 2. D. linearis 
aa. Broader. r 
b. Leaves # obddeltoid, sligntly broader 
Phan View (6.4.cosdee cod tedaaeees teehe 3 «ie WomindaLelta 


bb. Leaves obovate to broadly oblanceolate... 1. D. anglica 
PARNASSTIA 158 oe 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 99 


is 2 anglica Hudson (D. intermedia AA.) -- Leaves 1-3 cm 
long, 2.5={4.0 mm wide, narrowly obovate to narrowly oblanceola- 
te, elongating in age. Mid summer. Northern bogs, usually in 
wetter and pioneer habitats. -- Mack-Aka, L-NF, Q-BC, US, Eur, 
(Oc). 

Sometimes treated as the hybrid of D. linearis X rotundi- 
folia but the Canadian distribution of D. anglica extends mch 
further north than that of D. linearis and the solution of hy- 
bridity does not seem very plausible. 

2. D. linearis Goldie -- Leaves 2-4-(6) cm long, 2-(3) mm 
wide, long linear, erect. Mid summer. Bogs, rare. -- NF, Q-S- 
(Alta)-BC, US. 

3. D. rotundifolia L. var. rotundifolia -- Dewgrass, Eye- 
bright (Herbe 4 la goutte, Petit Saint-Sacrement) -- Leaves 
wider and more spreading, more or less obdeltoid to suborbicu- 
lar, (5)-8-10-(12) mm wide and usually slightly wider than long. 
Early to mid summer. Sphagnum hummocks in bogs. -- G, seK-Aka, 
L-SPM, NS-BC, US, Eur. 


89. SAKRACENIACEAE PITCHER-PLANT FAMILY 
Insects trapped in hollowed out petioles half-filled with 
digestive liquids. Stamens numerous. Style l. 


1. SARRACENIA L. SIDE-SADDLE FLOWER 
Style unusually large, shaped like an umbrella, and wider 
than the ovary or fruit, which it covers. 


1. XS. purpurea L. var. purpurea -- Indian Pipe, Frog's 
Trousers (Sabot, Cochon de pelé) -- A single, large, drooping, 
deep red flower on a long scape, arising from a rosette of lea- 
ves half-buried in Sphagnum. These shaped like "horns of plen- 
ty", and half full of water. Sepals 2.5-4.0 em long. First 
half of summer. Sphagnum bogs. -- L-SPM, NS-neAlte,US -- Var. 
ripicola Boivin -- More superficial, the rhizome very short or 
i etinot, the whole plant not buried in moss. Sepals 
shorter, 1.5-2.2 cm long. Wet terraces and shores, rare: Ni- 
pawin and Prince Albert. -- cO, c©. 

The only Alberta collection seen was from Anzac (ALTA; 
DAO, photo). It is made up of 3 separate leaves only and its 
varietal determination remains tentative. 


Order 49, UMBELLALES 
Related to the Araliales. Carpels 2, maturing into a dry 
fruit which splits into a pair of achene-like fruits. Achenes 
borne on a central structure termed carpophore. Single family. 


90. UMBELTIFERAE (PARSLEY FAMILY) 
Flowers in umbels and the ovary inferior. Flowers 5-—merous, 
the perianth parts free, but the sepals much reduced. Flowers 
typically unisexual. Generic characters in this family are 


often rather obscurely technical, 
159 SARRACEN IA 


100 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


a. Flowers in blueish heads; foliage spinescent... 2. Eryngium 
aa. Flowers in umbels. 
b. Leaves digitately compound eeeeeeeseeeeeeee le Sanicula 
bb. Not digitate, although sometimes trifoliate. 
c. Leaves divided progressively into 
numerous small and rather narrow 
ultimate segments CORSO HEHEHE EEEEHETEHESES Group A 
cc. Leaves simple or divided into fairly 
well defined leaflets. 
d. Stem leaves simple to trifoliate ...... Group B 
dd. Leaflets More NUMETOUS essessssessssssse Group Cc 


Group A 
Leaves deeply and progressively divided into many and ra- 
ther narrow segments; leaflets not obvious or poorly defined. 


a. Flowers mostly replaced by bulblets ceccccccceces Fe Cicuta 
aae Not bulbiferous. 
be. Involucre of large and pectinately 
dissected bractS cescecccsccsccsessecesseses 22, Daucus 
bb. Bracts much smaller and little if at 
all dissected, or even lacking. 
ce Umbell simple and few flowered seceeceee 3 Scandix 
cc. Compound and the flowers very numerous. 
d. Leaves all basal, or at least the 
lower pair opposite. 
e. Fruit not winged, but finely 
tuberculate ceccccesccccccsesses 6. Musineon 
ee. Fruit winged, not tuberculate. 
f. Fruit winged along the 
marginal nerves only eevee 19. Lomatium 
ff. Conspicuously winged along 
both the marginal and 
dorsal nerveS eeccecesecce 18. Cymopterus 
dd. Stem leaves all alternate, sometimes 
opposite in the inflorescence. 
ge Segments very few (mostly 5), 
very narrow and very long.. 13. Perideridia 
gge Segments much more numerous 
and shorter. 
h,. Stem with irregularly 
scattered purple blotches.... 5. Conium 
hh, Stem not maculate. 
i, Native perennial; fruit 
very fdatcUiccccecsce 196 Lomauiun 
ii. Annual or biennial weeds; 
fruit slightly compressed. 
je Flowers white; the 
shorter pedicels 
shorter than the 
Fruit cecceccscccvccece U1. Carum 
UMBELLIFERAE 160 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 101 


jj. Yellowish-green; all 
pedicels many times 
as long as the fruit .. 
CHOOCCCLOEOOLEEOLLHOO®E IG Anethum 


Group B 
Leaves simple, entire or merely dentate to lobed or trifo- 
liate, the leaflets rather broad. 


a. Leaves entire COSHH OSHLHOSHHSE SHO SOSEEEHOOEOOEE le Bupleurun 
aa. Serrate to trifoliate. 
b. Leaflets huge, at least 1 dm wide .ecoeee 21. Heracleun 
bb. Much smaller or the leaf simple. 
c. Flowers yellow; primary rays of the 
umbel nearly uniform in length .eecccseseee Se Zizia 
cc. Flowers white; umbel rays very 
UNEVEN cocccccceccsecssessecsesecece 10. Cryptotaenia 


Group C 
Leaves compound, the leaflets more than 3 and all or most 
of them discrete and well defined. 


a. Leaves pinnate. 
be. Leaflets £ linear eccccccccccccccccccccvccccce 14. Sium 
bb. Leaflets + oblong sleleivieieleleleleielclesiclecieisicieine iS Oerhascvinaca 
aa. Leaves ternately divided. 
ce Leaflets not serrate, but entire or with 
a few lobes, 
d. Stem tall and leafy eocceeecscenrcoce 17. Levisticum 
dd. Stem short, the leaves all basal or 
Near basal cececccccccccccccccccccccce LJe Lomatium 
ec. Finely to deeply serrate. 
e. Fruit strongly flattened dorsally 
and winged COCCH COE E OOS LOO OOO OO EO OOOO®E 16, Angelica 
ee. Fruit slightly flattened laterally, 
wingless. 
f. Leaves symetrically divided into 
(3) or 9 VeEatlEts lsejselesisiesieieisce lee Aegopodium 
ff. Central segment more divided than 
the lateral ones, the leaflets com- 
monly 5 or 15 or 21, etc. 
ge Fruit over 1 cm long, usually 
Setose-StrigoOse, seecccccccccce 4, Osmorhiza 
gge Fruit glabrous, much shorter. 
h. Flowers yellow, the central 
pistillate one subsessile .... 8. Zizia 
hh, White and all pedicelled .... 9. Cicuta 


1. SANICULA Le SANICLE 
Fruit catchy, being covered with numerous hooked prickles. 
Calyx nearly as large as the corolla. 
161 SANICULA 


102 PRY? 0L OG 7 Vol. 17, no. 2 


1. S. marilandica L. (S. marylandica sphalm.) -- Snake- 
Root, Black Snake-Root =-- Common deciduous forest species with 
digitate leaves, Leaflets 5, obovate to oblanceolate, sessile, 
serrate, the larger 2 often bifid to bipartite. Stem simple, 
the branching of the inflorescence tending to be opposite. Early 
summer. Nearly ubiquitous in deciduous woods, -- NF-SPM, NS-K, 
US, (SA). 


2. ERYNGIUM L. 
Flowers in dense heads, much sim lating a Composite. Fruit 
densely covered with membranous scales, 


1. E. PLANUM L. == (Herbe aux serpents) -- Stiff herb, 
bluish above. Foliage spiny-toothed. Leaves alternate, but 
the main branches of the inflorescence verticillate, Heads with 
a spinescent involucre. Flowers bluish, Mid summer, Casual 
escape from cultivation. -- Q-0, S-BC, (US, Eur). 


3. SCANDIX L. 
Body of the fruit prolonged into a mech longer cylindrical 
beak. 


1. S. PECTEN-VENERIS L. -- Venus' Comb, Lady's Comb (Pei- 
gne de Vénus, Aiguille de berger) -- Fruit longest, 4-7 cm long. 
Annual with the leaves finely dissected into very numerous and 
narrow segments. Umbels simple, of less than 10 flowers and 
subtended by an involucre of = connate bracts. Flowers white. 
Fruit scabrous. Carpophore needle-like. Late spring to mid 
eee Rare weed: Golburn. -- 0, S, BC, US, (SA), Eur, (Afr, 
Oc). 


4, OSMORHIZA Raf. SWEET CICELY 
Except for one atypical species, fruit catchy by appressed 
and acicular hairs, especially numerous towards the base, the 
latter prolonged into a sharp and fairly long point. 


a. Flowers yellowish or greenish; fruit 
glabrous sola clatatatctoleloletate ldlatcle le wiscele we caie te oO. occidentalis 
aa. Flowers white or pink; fruit coarsely 
strigose. 
b. Involucre and involucels lacking «s.see. 2. O. chilensis 
bb. Involucre and involucels present seseeee 3e O. aristata 


1. 0, occidentalis (Nutt.) Torrey -- Atypical, the black- 
ish achenes linear, glabrous, and devoid of a sharp basal beak. 
Main leaves typically with 15 or 21 leaflets, the latter lanceo- 
late to elliptic-lanceolate, puberulent. Involucre and involu- 
cels lacking. Fruit 12-18 m long, longer than its pedicel. 
Late spring. Open woods and rocky slopes at lower altitudes. 

-- swAlta-seBC, wus. 

2. Q. chilensis H. & A. var. chilensis (Q,_brevipes (C. & 
R.) Suksd.; 0. divaricata (Britton) Suksd.) -- Usually with one 

ERYNGIUM 162 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 103 


stem leaf below the inflorescence, of 9 leaflets, the latter 
triangular-lanceolate, serrate above, gradually more deeply cut 
below. Flowers white. Fruits (1.5)-2.0-(2.5) em long, all or 
mostly longer than their pedicel, the latter 0.5-2.0 cm long 
and widely divergent. Early summer. Woods. -- sAka, NF, NS, 
NB-0, swS-BC, US, (SA) -~ Var. ea (C. & R.) Boivin (0. 
purpurea (C. & R.) Suksd.) -- Flowers pink or at least with a 
pink center, rarely white. Fruit shorter, (0.8)-1.0-(1.5) cm, 
stubbier at tip, shorter than its pedicel. -- sAka, swAlta-BC, 
nwUS -- Var. gupressauenisns Boivin (0. depauperate Phil.; 0. 
obtusa (C. & R.) Fern.) -- Flowers white. Fruits not so short, 
= 1.5 cm long, yet all or most of them shorter than their pedi- 
cel, the latter (1)-2-3 cm long. Stem usually leafless below 
the inflorescence, the lower leaf of the latter usually with 

9 leaflets, -- seK, ae ee NS, (NB)-Q-BC, US, rear 

3. QO, aristata (Thunb.) Mak. & Yabe var. breyistylis (DC. 
Boivin (0. Claytonii (Mx.) C.B. Clarke) -- Swee Jarvil -- Com 
monly with one stem leaf of + 27 leaflets, the latter as in 0. 
chilensis. Herbage villous. Flowers white. Pedicels mostly 
0.51.0 cm in fruit. Fruit 1.5 cm long. Styles 0.5-2.0 m 
long. Late spring. Poplar woods at Moon Lake in Riding Moun- 
tain -- NF, NS-sMan, US -- Var. longistylis (Torrey) Boivin (0. 
longistylis (Torrey) DC.). -- Anise-Root, Paregoric-Root -- 
Stem glabrous, the foliage glabrous to villous, Styles longer, 
2.0=3.5 mm long. Oak bluffs and galerie-forests, -=- NS, NB-Alta, 
US, 

Reports of var. brevistylis (= 0. Claytonii) from western 
Canada appear to be all based on specimens with the longer sty- 
les and lesser pubescence typical of var. longistylis. Except 
for the Riding Mountain and perhaps also for the Cypress Hill 
reports. The Macoun collection (QK; DAO, photo) from the Cypress 
Hills was typical indeed of var. brevistylis, but in the absence 
of later confirmation, we are inclined to suspect the possibili- 
ty of mixed labels, 

Our two varieties are not sharply disjunct morphologically 
and consequently a number of intermediate types based on unusual 
associations of diagnostic characters have been described and 
named. Specimens with styles of intermediate size are not un- 
common and one is then left with pubescence as the only usable 
distinction, Further the asiatic 0. aristata is more or less 
intermediate between our two types, the herbage being villous 
(as var. brevistylis) but the beak rather longish (like var. lon- 
gistylis) or not infrequently intermediate in size. However, 
var. aristata is best distinguished by its commonly longer pedi- 
cels, these being 1-2-(3) cm long in fruit while they are usual- 
ly about 0.5 cm long in our two american varieties, sometimes 
longer, but never averaging more than 1 cm on any plant. 

The rank of variety seems most appropriate for these inter- 
grading and morphologically overlapping taxa. The varietal rank 
also reflects most obviously their undeniable and very close 


es 163 OSMORHIZA 


10) ra. s OC a OU ae Vol. 17, no. 2 


Var. brevistylis (DC.) stat. n., O. brevistylis DC., Prod. 
He oegee 1830; Urosper = aristatum (Tnunb.) Ktze. var. brevis- 

e (DC) Ktze., Rev. Gen. a: 270. 1891; Osmorniza Claytonii 

a) C.B. Clarke. 

Var. longistylis (Torrey) stat. n., Myrrnis longistylis 
Torrey, Fl. U.S. 310. 1824; Urospermum aristatum aes e Ktze. 
var. longistyle (Torrey) Ktze., Rev. Gen. I: 270. 1891. 


5. CONIUM LL. POTSON HEMLOCK 
Ribs of the fruit proeminent and strongly sinuous. Carpo- 
phore not becoming bifid. Stylopodium very broad. Otnerwise 
the fruit resembles Cicuta. 


1. C. MACULATUM L. -- Poison Hemlock (Cigue d'Europe) -- 
Stem sparsely to densely and irregularly purple-blotcned. Lea- 
ves divided into very numerous small segments, the main ones 
alternate, becoming opposite in the inflorescence. Bracts of 
the involucre (and involucels) broadly margined, tending to be 
fused and usually reflexed. Early to mid summer. Established 
along roadsides at Maclean. -- NS, Q-0, S, swBC, US, Eur. 


6. MUSINEON Raf. 
Rather resembling Lomatium, but the fruits wingless and 
only sligntly compressed laterally. 


1. M. divaricatum (Pursh) Nutt. (var. Hookeri T. & G.; 
M. trachyspermum Nutt.) -- Conspicuous in early spring on dry 
hillsides, a low nerbd with an umbel of yellow flowers and at 
least one pair of opposite leaves. With a deeply buried tap- 
root and much dissected leaves. Puberulent to scabrous, espe- 
cially the stem and inflorescence. Up to 2 dm high. First half 
of spring. Hillsides. -- swMan-sAlta, US. 


7. BUPLEURUM L. THOROUGH -WAX 
Fruit resembling the preceeding but smooth and the stylo- 
podium especially broad. 


1. 3. americanum C. & R. -- Leaves simple, entire, linear- 
lanceolaté. TInvolucre and involucels rather large and conspi- 
cuous. Flowers pale yellow with the stylopodia forming a cons- 
picuous brown center. Fruits (and ovary) strongly glaucous, 
rather bluish. Mid summer. Gravelly and rocky prairies: Water- 
ton. -- nwMack-Aka, swAlta-seBC, nwuS. 

The inclusion of B.C. in the distribution is based solely 
on a collection by Dawson at the head of the Kootenay River in 
1871 (CAN). This has never been confirmed and we have also 
come to appreciate that the geographical data on Dawson's la- 
bels are accurate only within a rather broad margin of approxi- 
mation. It could be that Dawson's collection came from the 


Alberta side. 
CONIUM 16h 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 105 


8. ZIZIA W. D. J. Koch ALEXANDERS 
Fruit slightly compressed laterally as in the last few ge- 
nera, but the stylopodium wanting. Each umbellule of pistil- 
late flowers shows a central flower sessile or nearly so. 


a. Basal and lower leaves simple, the middle and 
upper trifoliate oss ccseeccccncciccccicecceccs Le Le aptera 
aa. Basal and stem leaves biternate, with 9-11 mi 
NGaISVSGCS) telclelelelelolaicielelsicte steer ee cececeesccecceeee Oe Z. aurea 


1. Z. aptera (Gray) Fern. (Z. cordata AA.) -- Alexanders 
-- A common yellow-flowered herb Conspicuous in early summer in 
ditches and other wettish places. Basal and lower leaves cor- 
date, crenately serrate. Leaflets ovate to lanceolate, serrate. 
Leaves thickish. Early summer. Chernozem prairies and wetter 
places. -- swY, swQ-BC, US. 

The recent extension of range to Yukon by Boivin 1966 was 
based on J. Fournier, Haines Junction, 25 juillet 1958 (QRA; 
DAO, photo). 

2. Z. aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch (Thaspium barbinode AA.) -- 
Golden Alexanders, Meadow-Parsnip -- Similar, the leaves thinner 
and more divided, mostly with 9 or 1l leaflets. Often taller, 
5-10 dm high. Leaflets rhomboid to lanceolate, serrate. Early 
summer. Galerie-forests, Oak islands and low chernozems. -- NS, 
NB-sMan, US. 

Despite numerous Saskatchewan reports of Z. aurea, all of 
the or 5 collections found under that name in various herbaria 
turned out to belong to Z. aptera. All Manitoba specimens under 
Thaspium barbinode (Mx.) Nutt. at CAN and DAO also proved to be 
Ze aurea. 


9. CICUTA J. WAT ER HEMLOCK 
A middling type with small, slightly compressed and wing- 
less fruit. Flowers white. Involucre much reduced or absent. 
Base of stem slightly bulbous and fistulous with numerous cross- 
plates. Very poisonous plants. 


a. Flowers mostly replaced by clusters of 
UWL NCLS ee icici cloleis clsicisiclelelsinio eielslelsieieisisieleiciien leon Gem bathena 
aa. Not bulbiferous. * 
b. Fruit depressed globose ............ 2 C. mackenzieana 
bb. Ovoid; leaflets broader ......ssseeeseee 3¢ Ce maculata 


1. ¢. bulbifera L. -- A rather sparse herb with at least 
one terminal wnite umbel and numerous bulblets scattered along 
the branches. Annual or perennial, 5-12 dm high. Foliage dis- 
sected to filiform segments, about 1 mm wide and entire or so- 
metimes very remotely serrate. Fruit infrequent, suborbicular, 
about 1.5 mm long and about as wide. Second half of summer. 
Swampy ground or snores. -- sMack, L-NF, NS-BC, US. 

2. &, mackenzieana Raup -- Like a narrow-leaved form of 


the following. Tuberous roots poorly developed or lacking. 
16e CICUTA 


106 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


Rather thick-stemmed for its sparse foliage and tending to be 
fastigiate in habit. Leaflets linear-elongate, about 10-15 ti- 
mes as long as broad, usually less than 5 mm wide. Fruit broad- 
ly orbicular, 2.0-2.5 mm long, as wide or wider than long. Mid 
summer. Marshes and bogs northward; mainly subarctic in dis- 
tribution. -- Mack—Aka, wcQ-neBC. 

3. C. maculata L. var. angustifolia Hooker (C. Douglasii 
ARs Ge occidentalis Greene) -- Cowbane, Beaver-Poison (Carotte 
4 Moreau) -- A tall herb with flattish, white umbels, conspi- 
Cuous around most sloughs just before mid summer. Some of the 
rootlets tuberous; base of the stem enlarging, becoming fleshy 
and tuberous towards the end of the season. Commonly about 1m 
high. Leaflets narrowly lanceolate, (0.5)-1.0-(1.5) cm wide, 
about l-6 times as long as wide, most of the lateral nerves 
ending at the bottom of the sinuses. Fruit 2.5-3.0 mm wide and 
somewhat narrower. Mid summer of somewhat earlier. Open marshy 
places. -- swMack-sY, wQ-neBC, US -- Var. maculata -- Leaflets 
broader, 1-3 cm wide, ovate to lanceolate, 2- times as long as 
large. Fruit a bit longer, 3- mm long. Prairie COteau at 
Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes. -- NS-sMan, (eUS). 


10. CRYPTOTAENIA DC. HONEWORT 
Fruit elongate as in Osmorhiza, but glabrous and not pro- 
longed into a sharp point at base. Involucre lacking. 


1. €, canadensis (L.) DC. var. canadensis -- Honewort 
(Cerfeuil sauvage) -- Leaves trifoliate, tne leaflets doubly 
serrate. Inflorescence vaguely paniculate. Flowers white. Pe- 
dicels very conspicuously uneven in length. First half of sum- 
mer. Rare in alluvial woods: Portage, Morden. -- NB-sMan, US, 
(Eur). 

The Far Eastern var. japonica (Hassk.) Makino has more open 
umbels subtended by better developed involucres and involucels, 
each of 2-5 bractlets. 


11. CARUM L. CARAWAY 

Closely related to the preceeding. Involucre typically of 

a single bract which is often lobed. Fruit slightly compressed 
laterally. 


1. C. CARVI L. -- Caraway (Anis, Anis batard) -- Leaves 
pinnately dissected into numerous small and linear segments. 
Annual. Terminal umbel usually overtopped by the lateral ones 
by fruiting time. Flowers white. First half of summer. Often 
cultivated and a casual escape to roadsides, shores, shelter- 
belts, etc. -- G, NF-(SPM), NS-Q-(0)-Man-Alta-(BC), US, Eur -- 
F. RHODOCHRANTHUM A.H. Moore -- Flowers pink. Infrequent. -- 
NS, Q, Man-Alta. 


12. AEGOPODIUM L. 
Fruit without oil tubes, merely dark green between the 


thin nerves. 
CRYPT OTAEN IA 166 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 107 


1. A. PODOGRARIA L. -- Goutweed, Ground-Elder (Herbe aux 
goutteux, Petite Angélique) -- Main leaves with 9 leaflets, the 
lateral ones strongly asymetrical. Stoloniferous perennial. 
Leaflets ovate to oblong, often broadly margined in wnite. Flo- 
wers white. Styles rather long, pendent in fruit. Early summer. 
Cultivated and sometimes spreading out of control: Morden. -- 
NF, NS, NB-sMan, BC, neUS, Eur. 


13. PERIDERIDTA Reichenbach SQUAW-ROOT 
A segregate of Carum, perhaps mainly based on habit. 


1. P. Gairdneri (H. & A.) Mathias (Atenia montana (Blank.) 
Rydb.) -- Squaw-Root -- Foliage unusually sparse; main leaves 
about 1 dm long and divided into a few (mostly 5-7) remote leaf- 
lets, these very narrow, 1-(3) mm wide, very long, and usually 
deciduous by fruiting time. Perennial from a cluster of tuberous 
roots. Flowers white. Mid summer. Submontane prairies, mainly 
in draws and around bluffs. -- swS-3C, US. 


1. SIUM L. WATER ~PARSNIP 
Leaves pinnate, otherwise much as in Cicuta. 


1. S. suave Walter (S. cicutifolium Schrank) -- Leaves 
pinnate; otherwise quite similar to Cicuta maculata with which 
it often grows. Reputedly perennial. Leaflets linear, 1 cm 
wide or less, finely dissected when suomerged. Involucre of 
numerous lanceolate and reflexed bracts. Flowers white. All 
summer. Common around sloughs and on marshy shores. -- sMack, 
(Aka), NF, NS-BC, (US, Eur). 


15. ANSTHUM L. 

In this and the following genera the fruit is dorsally com- 
pressed, hence @ach achene is as wide as the whole fruit. Fruit 
strongly flattened and narrowly winged marginally. Involucre 
and involucels lacking. 


1. A. GRAVEOLENS L. -- Dill (Fenouil, Aneth) -- Stem pale, 
finely striate longitudinally in white and green. Resembles 
Carum Carvi, but the flowers yellow and the pedicels nearly uni- 
form in length. Annual. Leaves finely divided into linear to 
filiform segments. Inflorescence most often becoming glandular- 
punctate first in deep green, then in black. Mid to late summer. 
Waste places. -- Q-Alta, US, Eur. 


16. ANGELICA L. ANGELICA 
Fruit as in Anethum; leaflets broad and distinct; flowers 
usually waite. Involucre usually lacking. Involucels small. 


a. Flowers yellow; involucral bracts about as long 
as tne peduncles ...... alelavsinvel deteiorelelelcteretere o+- 3- A. Dawsonii 
aa. Flowers wiite to pinkish; involucre lacking. 
167 ANETHUM 


108 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


b. Leaf rachis straight, its branches 
ABSCONGINE ceccvesccceseccs ervvccvessesisese Co the Srguve 
bb. Leaf racnis geniculate, ite branches a 
widely spreading to reflexed ...ese-ee+ Le A~ penuflexa 
iy at 


1. A. genuflexa Nutt. var. genuflexa -- Primary divisions 
of the leaf racnis aoout equally Spreading from tne petiole and 
more or less radiating from its tip. Coarse perennial often 
1m tall. Involucels of filiform bracts nearly as long as the 
pedicels. Inflorescence densely puberulent, but tne fruit be- 
coming nearly glabrous, with a deep green centre and wnitish 
wings. Mid summer. Low spots in semi-open forest. -- (sAka), 
cAlta-BC, (wUS). 

Stem glabrous and the leaflets eciliate. Involucels snort- 
er than the pedicels. In the Far Eastern vicariant var. multi- 
nervis (Koidz.) Hiroe (including A. refracta F. Schmidt) the 
stem is puberulent above, the leaflets ciliate and the involu- 
cel longer than the pedicels. 

2. A. arguta Nutt. (A. Lyallii Watson) -- Resembles the 
above, but iaiee glabrous and sligntly glaucous, or slightly 
scabrous. Subterminal leaflets often proximally adnate in the 
manner of the following. Involucels lacking or much reduced. 
Mid summer. Mountane forests, rare: Rockies. -- swAlta-seBC, 
wus. 


3. A. Dawsonii Watson -- Mountain-Parsnip -- Involucre 
conspicuous, of bracts mostly.2-3 cm long, their margins laci- 
niate and their base + petiolate. Less than 1 m high and gla- 
brous. Leaflets 9-15, the intermediate ones often sessile and 
cuneate on the distal side, broadly adnate to the rachis on the 
proximal side. Umbel solitary, on a rather elongate peduncle 
2-l; dm long. Late spring. Rare in wettish montane woods: Wa- 
terton. -- swilta-seBC, (nwUS). 


17. LEVISTICUM Hill 
Fruit as in Anethum; leaflets broad and distinct; flowers 
yellow. Involucre present. 


1. L. OFFICINALE W.D.J. Koch -- Lovage (Herbe 4 cocnons, 
Céleri batard) -- Leaflets lanceolate and entire to rhomboid 
and few-toothed or few-lobed towards the middle. Coarse peren- 
nial about 1 m high. Involucre of broadly membranous bracts. 
Involucels of broadly memoranous and fused bractlets. Early 
summer. Sometimes planted and long persisting to slowly spread- 
ing around abandoned homesteads: Langham. -- NS, Q-O, S, (US), 
Eur. 


18. CYMOPTERUS Raf. 
Each achene with ) oro2d wings, otherwise similar to Loma- 
tium. 
~~ ANGELICA 168 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 109 


1. ¢. acaulis (Pursh) Raf. (Cymopteris acaulis sphalm.)-- 
Low herb with habit of Musineon and Lomatium, but the leaves 
all basal, the inflorescence more congested, the flowers white 
and the fruits with more wings. Perennial with a deeply buried 
fleshy taproot connected to the rosette by a thin and fragile 
pseudoscape. Leaves much dissected into linear lobes. Inflo- 
rescence congested, + puberulent. Involucre lacking. Involu- 
cels palmatifid, the tips of the lobes overtopping the white to 
pinkish flowers. Pedicels of the pistillate flowers very short, 
shorter than the ovary and partly adnate to the involucel. Early 
to mid spring. Dry hills, mainly along the major coulées. -- 
swMan-sAlta, US. 

Previous reports of Cymopterus montanus (Nutt.) T. & G. we- 
re discussed by Scoggan 1957. The only herbarium sheet located 
was N. Criddle 1033, Aweme, prairie séche, 2), mai 1909 (MT; DAO, 
photo) and it turned out to be the rare Lomatium orientale. 


19. LOMATIUM Raf. 
Rather polymorphic. Typically low herbs with a taproot, 
the fruit dorsally flattened and winged around the edge. No in- 
volucre. Fruit nearly always at least as long as its pedicel. 


a. Leaf divided into well defined leaflets...7. L. triternatun 
aae Leaf finely divided into numerous small = ~~ ee 
ultimate segments. 
b. Ovary and fruit densely puberulent. 
c. Involucel simple and palmately lobed .. 
wictelefalelelslelavercrele sG0000¢ eichelekoicne e. 2. L. foeniculaceum 
cc. Involucel of Sree free and slender 
DEACELGLS, «sis os:cstele'stotse oie siereien ates suey Le mang werneick 
bb. Glabrous. PY. ae 


d. Bractlets broadly oblanceolate ....... -- 1. L. Coltis 
dd. Narrowly lanceolate, broadest nearer 
the base. 


Q5..Stem. ¢LaPrOUus, cas .0.00 «0.0010 ejs:cs0,0) Ov ie 01 93SCCCUM 
ee. Densely puberulent. a 
f. Stem with at least one pair of 
opposite leaves near the base .. 
ete eececeerceecerecescoes Ye Le macrocarpum 
ff. Stem with a single leaf in the 
lower half, or sometimes the 
leaves more numerous and alternate, 
rarely all basal ........-- 3. L. orientale 


1. J. Qotis (Watson) C.& R. (L. montanum C. & R.) -- Cous 
(Cahous )-- Taproot with a subglobular enlargement. Commmonly 
glabrous. Leaves usually all basal. Flowers yellow. Primary 
branches of the inflorescence few and very uneven in fruit. 
Early spring. Dry hillsides, rare: Cypress Hills. -- sws, 
nwus. 

169 LOMATIUM 


110 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


2. Le foeniculaceum (Nutt.) C. & R. var. foegniculaceum (L. 
daucifolfum AA.; L. Villosun Raf.; Cogswellia villosa (Raf. ) 
Schultes) -- (Racine biscuit) -- Short villous throughout. Lea- 
ves all basal Very finely divided, about quadripinnatipartite 
into very numerous and narrow ultimate segments. Scape about 
l dm high. Bractlets fused into a strongly asymetrical involu- 
cel, the latter peltate, palmatilobed and broadly membranous 
along the edges. Flowers yellow. Early to mid spring. Dry 
hills along major coulées. -- swian-sAlta-(neBC), US. 

There are a number of more southern varieties such as var. 
fimbriatum (Theobald) stat. n., ssp. fimbriatum Theobald, Brit- 
tonia 18: 15, 1966, with pubescent petals. Also var. inyoense 
(Math. “4k Const.) stat. ne, Le inyoense Math. & Const., El Aliso 
3: 120, 1955 in which the umbels are reduced to a single pedicel. 

i 3. L. orientale C.gR. (Cogswellia orientalis (C. &R.) 
M.E. Jones) -- Quite similar to the above, the leaves not quite 
so deeply divided, the herbage puberulent, but the pedicels and 
fruit glabrous. Stem nearly always bearing one leaf in the low- 
er half. Flowers wnite. Early spring. Steppes on the bluffs 
of the Souris, rare: Minto, Aweme, Bienfait. -- swMan-seS, US. 

Peucedanum nudicaule (Pursh) Nutt. as used by older authors 
and, presumably, by Macoun 1890, usually refers to specimens of 
Lows Cth orientale. 

re L- Macrocarpum (H.& A.) C.& R. var. macrocaroum (Cogs - 
wellia macrocarpa (H. & A.) M.E. Jones) -~ The stout stem typi- 
cally bearing one pair of opposite leaves near the base. Stem 
1-3 dm high. Herbage lightly to densely villous tomentose. 
Bractlets fused near the base. Flowers white. Fruit largest, 
narrowly oblong, 8-13 mm long. Spring. Steppes and hillsides, 
mainly along coulées. -- swMan-BC, US. 

The more southern var. ellipticum (T.& G.) Jepson has longer 
peduncles and fruits. 

5. L. Sandbergii C. & R. -- Resembles L. foeniculaceum 
but merely scabrous puberulent and the leaves smaller, the Limb 
5 cm long or less. Stem more or less clearly leafy near the 
base, the leaves aiceminte. Flowers yellow. Bractlets free, 
few, narrowly elongate, the larger ones often digitate at tip. 
Mid summer. Shale slides above timberline. Waterton. -- 
swAlta-seBC, nwus. 

6. L. dissectum (Nutt.) Math. @ Const. var. multifidum 
(Nutt. ) Math. @ Const. (Leptotaenia multifida Nutt.) -- Tallest, 
6-15 dm high and the leaves most divided, tripinnate to quadri- 
pinnate with the segments pinnatifid to bipinnatipartite. Stem 
leafy, the Leaves alternate, puberulent below, much less densely 
so to glabrous above, the plant otherwise glabrous or nearly so. 
Involucels strongly reflexed. Flowers yellow or purplish. Fruit 
elliptic, 1 cm long or less, nearly sessile or at least longer 
than its pedicel. (Early spring?). Sheltered montane prairies. 
-- swS-swAlta-sBC, nwUS. 

In the more western typical phase the leaf is less finely 
dissected, the ultimate segments often over 2 mm wide, and the 
fruit is always subsessile. 

LOMATIUM 170 


1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces nu 


7. L. triternatum (Pursh) C.& R. var. triternatum (L. nu- 
dicaule AA. L. simplex AA., var. leptophyllum (Hooker ) Mathias) 
== With (3)-9-15-(35) distinct leaflets, entire, narrowly lan- 
ceolate to long linear. Stem leafless, thickened below the um- 
bel. At least the stem, and usually the whole plant including 
the fruits, finely puberulent. Flowers yellow. Late spring to 
early summer. Low ground in regions of steppe. -- sAlta-sBC, 
nwus. 

The more western var. platycarpum (Torrey) Boivin is known 
in Canada only from the Okanagan valley. It has a larger fruit, 
the wings being about as wide as the body, and a less variable 
leaf, the narrowly linear leaflets being nearly always 9-15 in 
number. 

Despite many Alberta reports of L. nudicaule (Pursh) C. &R., 
only one collection was found under that name: A.H. Brinkman 
3005, near Beaver Creek, June , 1928 (NY; DAO, photo). It 
turned out to be L. triternatun. 


20. PASTINACA L. PARSNIP 
Fruit flattened and marginally winged in the manner of Lo- 
matium. Involucre and involucels lacking. 


1. P. SATIVA L. -- Parsnip (Panais sauvage) -- Leaves pin- 
nately divided into a few broad leaflets. Strongly scented herb. 
Stem 1-2 m high, fistulose, polygonal rather than cylindric. 
Leaflets irregularly serrate, toothed and lobed. Flowers yellow. 
Mid summer. Cultivated and occasionally escaped, sometimes in 
great abundance. -- Y-Aka, NF-SPM, NS-BC, US, Eur. 


21. HERACLEUM L. COW-PARSNIP 
Peripheral flowers larger; the petals bifid. Fruit simi- 
lar to Lomatiun. 


1. H. Lanatum Mx. -- Wild Parsnip, Cow-Parsnip (Cigtle) -- 
Leaves trifoliate, the huge Leaflets I- dm wide. A huge herb 
in many ways, leaves, stem, umbels, etc. Biennial, itor m high, 
the herbage copiously villous. Flowers white. Early summer. 
Wetter woods, usually semi-open, and frequently in the periphe- 
ral shrubbery. -- seK-Aka, L-SPM, NS-BC, nUS, (eEur). 


22. DAUCUS L. CARROT 

Fruit densely covered with bristles borne in rows along 
the nerves of the achene. Peripheral flowers larger and irre- 
gular. 

1. D. CAROTA L. -- Wild Carrot, Queen-Anne's Lace (Ca- 
rotte sauvage) -- Umbel with a conspicuous involucre of bracts 
about as Long as the rays and pectinately dissected. Coarsely 
hirsute biennial with finely dissected leaves. Umbels stri- 
kingly contracted after flowering and until the maturity of 
the fruits. Flowers white, the central one often pinkish. Mid 
summer. Wild progenitor of the cultivated carrot, occuring 


with us only as a rare roadside weed: Brandon, Indian Head. -- 
L7L DAUCUS 


112 PobvT T O-.L‘O:G Ps Vol. 17, no. 2 


L, NS-S, BC, US, Eur. 

Foeniculum vulgare Miller was mentioned for Colinton, Al- 
berta, by Groh 197, but there is no corresponding specimen un- 
der that name at DAO and in 1950 Groh now mentions the species 
only for B.C. Presumably the original sheet was in the inter- 
val revised to something else. 


FOENICULUM 172 


REVIEW 


Otto & Isa Degener 


Bernhard Zepernick of Berlin, Germany, in Baessler-Arch. 
Beitr. VOlkerk. Bd. 15: 329-365. 1967, deals with "Bemerkungen 
gzur Farberei der Polynesier" or, roughly translated, "Remarks 
about Polynesian Dye Plants". The article deals with about 100 
species, giving their correct scientific names (without authori- 
ties) and indicating when necessary the synonyms used by about 60 
authors in over 90 articles. The commonest dyes are gained from 
Curcuma longa, Aleurites moluccana and Morinda citrifolia. The 
author describes the plants used for certain dyes (blue and green 
are rare), in what island groups they are used, on what materials, 
and their vernacular names. The reviewers wish to alert the 
reader that Solanum nigrum was native in Polynesia long before 
the coming of the Caucasian explorers, and that Ricinus communis 
is a common, naturalized weed. Two endemic species of Rubus ex- 
ist in the Hawaiian Islands and hence the name of one should not 
be a synonym of the other. Mr. Zepernick, with aid of five 
tables, has given us in less than 50 pages what the usual author 
might give us in a booklet of 150 or more. The study is of 
general interest to botanists as well as anthropologists dealing 
with the islands of the Pacific. 


NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. L 


Harold N. Moldenke 


CITHAREXYLUM HIRTELLUM var. GUATEMALENSE Moldenke, var. nov. 

Haec varietas a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum subtus 
in reticulo venulorum parcissime setulosis recedit. 

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in 
having the vein and veinlet reticulation on the lower leaf- 
surface very sparsely setulose with whitish, stiff, straight, 
unbranched, sharp-pointed, spreading hairs, and the lamina it- 
self glabrate. 

The type of the variety was collected by Julian Alfred 
Steyermark (no. 41818) along the Rfo Yameja, at about 50 meters 
altitude, Cerro San Gil, Izabal, Guatemala, on December 2), 
191, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York 
Botanical Garden. 


LYSIMACHIA QUADRIFOLIA f. RUBESCENS Moldenke, f. nov. 
Haec forma a forma typica speciei caulibus foliisque in statu 
ab ls) 


14 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


juvenile plusminusve rubris recedit. 

This form differs from the typical form of the species in 
having the upper portions of its stems and all the upper leaves, 
or sometimes the entire plant, red when young. 

The type of the form was collected by Alma Lance Moldenke and 
Harold Norman Moldenke (no. 24355) on an open roadbank at Moose 
Meadow, Tolland County, Connecticut, on May 31, 1968, and is de- 
posited in the herbarium of the Botanisk Institut at Aarhus Uni- 
versitet, Aarhus, Denmark, This form sometimes grows in very 
extensive purestand colonies, while at other times it is inter- 
spersed with the typical green form of the species in precisely 
the same environmental conditions of soil, drainage, exposure 
to sunlight, etc, The type where the entire plant is red from 
top to base was not collected, but occurred in purestand 
colonies on roadbanks only a few miles from where the type 
specimens were gathered. 

There is another form of the species knom, L. a f. 
variegata (Peck) House, in which the tips of the pe are 
orange. It is = eee in Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 47: 157 
(1894) and 254: 559 (192k). 


PRIVA LAPPULACEA f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke, f. nov. 

Haec forma a forma typica speciei corollis albis recedit. 

This form differs from the typical form of the species in 
having white corollas. 

The type of the form was collected by Walter H. Lewis, Jr., 
John Duncan Dwyer, T. S. Elias, and K. R. Robertson (no. 926) 
at the edge of a river and adjacent rainforest and railway, 
Changuinola to 5 miles south at the junction of Rfo Changuinola 
and Rfo Terebe, at an altitude of 100 to 200 feet, Bocas del 
Toro, Panama, between December 17 and 19, 1966; and is deposited 
in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden at St. Louis. 


SVIDA CONTROVERSA (Hemsl.) Moldenke, comb. nov. 
Cornus controversa Hemsl. in Curtis, Bot. Mag. 135 [ser. h, 


5]: pl. 8261. 1909; Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1909: 331. 1909. 


XYLOSTEON MORROWI (A. Gray) Moldenke, comb. nov. 
Lonicera morrowi A. Gray in Perry, Narr. Exped. Chin. Jap. 


@: Fisieassée inte 


ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS VITEX. IX 
Harold N, Moldenke 


VITEX TRIFOLIA var. SIMPLICIFOLIA Cham. 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 1l—13, 5, 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 115 


7, 50, & Sh--56. 1968. 

Van Steenis (1957) prefers to regard this plant as a subspe- 
cies, which he calls V. trifolia subsp. litoralis. He comments 
that the plant was considered as a valid species by Thunberg and 
by Blanco, later as a variety by Chamisso, Schauer, Makino, Rid- 
ley, and Bentham. "This evaluation as a variety has been main— 
tained by later monographers (Lam & Bakhuizen van den Brink, 
Merrill, and Moldenke). Backer......, Corner....., and following 
hin Backer & Meeuse......have again treated it as a good, dis- 
tinct species. And Corner has taken great pains to give arguments 
for this view. Contrary to Ridley......who suggested to have 
seen it change into normal V. trifolia after transplantation to 
Singapore, Corner maintains that it miintains its habit and 
characters in cultivation and is no mere phenotype. He trans- 
planted ten specimens to the Botanic Gardens, Singapore, where he 
also had living shrubs of V. trifolia and V. "negundo, and has 
found that they retain their habit. As to the const. constancy of that 
character there remains hence little doubt, though additional ex- 
periments in raising inland plants from seed of the prostrate 
form and crossing it with V. trifolia are still a desideratum. In 
addition Corner assumes to have found differences with V. tri~ 
folia in the corolla, fruiting calyx, and the fruit. I have 
tried to verify these differences with many sheets preserved at 
Leyden but I cannot corroborate these statements. The fruits of 
V. trifolia and V. ovata offer no differences in size, shape, and 
internal tissue structure. That the inflorescences of V. ovata 
are smaller than the average size in V. trifolia I deem not sig- 
nificant, as they are borne on small side-branches. The only 
characteristics holding are vegetative in nature, viz the typical 
prostrate, rooting, runner-like branches, and the obovate, small, 
simple leaves, and geographic: its exclusive growth on the sandy 
beach." 

Ohwi (1965) gives the distribution of the variety as "Honshu, 
Shikoku, Kyushu. — Korea, Bonins, Ryukyus, Formosa to se. Asia, 
Pacific Islands, and Australia." Bryan says that on Johnston Is- 
land it was "planted by man or introduced by some other means 
since 1923". Taniguti (1963) records it from Hemizima Island, 
Japan, while Hatusima (1962) records it from the Amami Islands in 
the Ryukyu Archipelago, 

Nobuhara (1967) tells us that "The shorter the distance to the 
coast line, the less the cover of Canavalia and the more, to some 
extent, that of Vitex rotundifolia expands. expands." Nobuhara, Okada, & 
Fujihira (1962) report that our plant has average tolemantises 
toward salt spray from typhoons. Wilson found is common on Quel- 
part Island, while Chiao refers to it as a "rare bush along sea- 
shore" in Shantung and Ching describes it as "a low dense sand- 
binding shrubby perennial herb on active sand, up to 11/2 ft. 
tall" in Chekiang. 

A letter to me from Berta Gerin, dated April 29, 1962, announces 
that she plans to study the chemical constituents of this plant. 

Additional vernacular names recorded for the plant are "h&i-po- 


116 PET OD OGwzA Vol. 17, no. 2 


kiu", “hamag6", "hamagd", "hama-g6" ["hama" = the sea), "hama- 
sikimi", "kolokolo-kahakai", "mosquito sage", "peh-po-kiu", 
"pohinahina", "polinalina", "simple-leaf chaste—tree", 
"simple-leaf shrub chaste-tree", and "taiwan-hamag6", 

The Lam (192) reference given in the bibliography of this 
plant is often dated "1925", but the latter date is merely the 
title-page date for the volume; the page involved actually was 
issued in 192. Van Steenis (1957) gives the date of publication 
of Bentham's name (1870) for this taxon as "1876", Hara (1918) 
cites Merrill's Emm. Philip. Pl. (1923) as page "37" in error. 
The Hooker & Arnott (1836) references in the bibliography and 
list of illustrations listed previously are sometimes dated "181" 
but pages 193 to 288 and plates 0 to 59 of this work were actual- 
ly issued in 18 

Lam (192),) cites Kotara s.n. from the Bonin Islands and Koch 
sn. from Dutch New Guinea. Hatusima (1966) cites his no. 28565 
and | gives the general distribution of the variety as "Japan to _ to 
Malaysia, Australia and Polynesia". Li (1963) cites Faurie 452 & 
1169, Gressitt 523, A. Henry s.n., Oldham 362, Owatari s.n., 
Price LoL & 650, T. Takenouchi s.n., E. He = H. Wilson T 109768, and Yamamo- 
to 3. Some 1. from Formosa. Miquel 1 ( 1870) ci cites Oldham 1 am 1 [specinent], 
Birger 7 [specimens?], Keiske 1, Maximowicz 1, and Siebold 3. 

The A. Henry 12302 and Saint John & Fosberg 16976 16976, distributed 
as this "variety, are actually v. var, subtrisecta Comika) Moldenke. 
On the other hand, many collections of var. simplicifolia have 
been distributed in herbaria as typical V. trifolia L. 

Additional citations: CHINA: Chekiang: Chiao 15 [Herb. Univ. 
Nanking 1644] (Bi, W—127017); R. ©. Ching ng 1967 7 (W—121,6828) . 
Shantung: Chiao 277 (W-159623),). CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hai- 
nan: Fung 20500 20500 (Mi); Liang 62926 (W--1670956). lLantau: McClure 
SNe (Herb. Lingnan Univ. 13095] (W--129810); Taam 1702 (W— 
2214609) ; Tsang s.n. (Herb. Lingnan Univ. 166)9] 9] (W—12h)9810) . 
HONGKONG: Bodinier er 679 (W—-29712h); C. Wright s.n. [Hong Kong] 
(W911). THAILAND: Larsen, Smitinand, & Warncke 126 (Ac, Rf). 
ee Orne Tonkin: Pételot 31 317 (W—1716990) . - KOREA: R. Ke Smith 


FS ts Wilson 9392 (W-~105)188) . WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: JAPAN: 
Anashima: Koidzumi sen. [5.8.1922] (Mi). Honshiu: Collector un 
determined 36 (W—-73901) , sen. (Sagami, 17 Juli 191 10] (Ww— 
1133035); Ichikawa 200661 [122] (W—137l1h); Kirono 762 (S, ¥— 
2336304); Maruyama & & Okamoto 1600 (W—231576)); Maxi Maximowicz 90 
(W—73900); Sasaki & Tagasi 606 (Mi, W—2156562); Savatier s.n. 
[Yokaska] (W297 Ea dy Kiushiu: Hurusawa 202 (W—2038128); Ta Take- 
nouchi 1728 (W--1271675). Shikoku: Collector undetermined s.n. 
[Susaki, Tosa, Aug. 16, 1892] (W—206183). FORMOSA: Gressitt 523 
(N); A. Henry sen. [Takow] (W—l55205); Takenouchi s.n. [Aug. 5, 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 117 


1940] (W--2063)01); E. H. Wilson 10978 (W--1052371). PHILIPPINE 
ISLANDS: Luzon: Haenke sen. [Luzon, nm, 1792] (Bi). Mindoro: H. He 
Bartlett 13708, in part (Mi). Sibuyan: Elmer 12135 (Bi). BONIN 
ISLANDS: Anijima: Kondo 115 (Bi). Chichijima: Kondo 33 (Bi). 
Imajima: H. L. Porter 3 (Mi). Island undetermined: C. Wright s. 
n. [Bonin Islands] (W—73896). VOLCANO ISLANDS: Iwojima: H. mee 
Porter 3 (W—19))269). MELANESIA: NEW HEBRIDES: Aneityum: Kajew- 
ski 690 (Bi). AUSTRALIAN REGION: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Brass 
1919 (Bi). POLYNESIA: HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: Hawaii: A. F. Judd s.n. 
(Bi). Kauai: F. R. Fosberg 12734 (Bi, Bi); A. A. Heller 2731 
(Bi, Ms—-30950) ; Saint John, Hosaka, Hume, Inafuku, |, Lindsay, | Ma- 
suhara, Mitchell, & “& Wong g 108 (Bi); C. Skottsberg 1059 1059 (Bi). 
Lanai: G. C. Munro 90 © (Bi), 12 122 (Bi), s sn. [Kaena Point, 12/2/ 
15] (Bi). “Maui: T Topping sen. (0. Degener 9 950] (Bi, Lb—-15779, 
Mi). Molokai: 0. ~Degener 9506 (Bi, Mi), 9507 (Bi). Niihau: 


(Bi). Oahu: 0. iene 10018 (Bi, Mi), aks (Bi), 1 12h7 (Bi); 
F. R. Fosberg 8881 (Bi), 10360 (Bi), 13118 (B (BiB), 8h (Bi); 
ae A. Harris C.2421)0 (Bi), Ce C.22201 (Bi); Hathaway & . Caindec 
= feet Meebold s.n. [Paumalu, May 1932] (Bi); H. N. Moldenke 
21808 (Bi, Ca, Fg, Mi); J. xs Moore son. ae Te 1929] (Bi, 


June 1-2, , 1920) (Bi); topping S013 3012 (Bi); Me M. To Townsend s.N. 
[Oct. 20, 1940] (Mi); D. P. Wilder Soe [Leilehua Plain, 1912] 
(Bi). Island undetermined: 0. Degener 112h6 mer 112)6 (Bi); C. N. Forbes 
sn. (Bi); Hillebrand & Lydgate SNe (Bi); G Ge Pe Wilder | 5.n. 
[1913] (Bi). CULTIVATED: Johnston Island: E. H. Bryan sen. [Au- 


VITEX TRIFOLIA var. SIMPLICIFOLIA f. ALBIFLORA (Y. Matsumura) 
Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 197. 1958; 
Moldenke, R4sumé 173, 388, & 479. 1959. 


VITEX TRIFOLIA var. SUBTRISECTA (Kuntze) Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: Warb. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 13: 29. 
1891; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 510 & 511. 1891; Mak., Ill. Fl. 
Nipp. 186. 190; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 178. 1949; Moldenke in 
Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17: 72, 82, & 273. 1956; Moldenke, Phytolo- 
gia 8: 88--90. 1961; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 37: 1062. 1962; Hock- 

» Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 53h. 1963; Neal, In Gard. Hawaii, ed. 2, 
727 & 728. 1965. 

It is worth recording here that Makino's original Japanese 
description of his var. heterophylla has been rendered in Latin 
by Hara (1948) as "Folia aut simplicia aut tripartita". The co- 
rolla is described as "purple" on M. S. Clemens 11067bis and on 
Native collector DI.149 (Herb. Roy. Forest Dept. 3567), "“reddish- 


118 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


purple" on S. K, Lau 270, and "blue" on Rock 7838. Rock refers 
to the plant | as a "common shrub along barks" in the Southeastern 
Shan States of Burma; it is also said to be common on the plains 
in Thailand, where the bark and roots are employed as a febrifuge 
and where the plant is known as "phi-suae", The plant has also 
been collected in sandy areas behind the beach on outer sandhills 
in Thailand, at 3000 feet altitude in New Guinea, and between 
3000 and 1,000 feet altitude in Ytmnan! It has been collected in 
anthesis in February and June. 

R. K. Godfrey 59186 bears a notation "locally naturalized in 
sandy lots" in Pinellas County, Florida. P.O. Schallert 23077 
is var. variegata Moldenke in most herbaria, but the specimen 
of this number preserved in the Berlin herbarium shows no variega- 
tion, although the leaf-edges are irregularly turned over, which 
may be an indication of variegation. 

Additional citations: FLORIDA: Pinellas Co.: R. K. Godfrey 
59186 (Hi—15)718). BURMA: Shan States: J. F. C. Rock 2325 (W— 


1211807). CHINA: Ytmnan: A. Henry 12302 (W—59013); J. F.C. 
Rock 2669a (W--1214891), 2969 (W—1213252), 7838 (W—-13321L0). 
CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS? Hainan: S. Ke Lau 270 70 (W—16291)2) . 
THAILAND: Larsen, Smitinand, & Warnecke 1321 (Ac, Rf); Native col- 
lector DI.149 [Herb. Roy. Paar Dept. 3567] (W—-206795). WES- 
TERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: RYUKYU ARCHIPELAGO: OKINAWAN ISLANDS: Okin- 
awa: Field & Loew 2lv (Mi). PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Mindoro: H. H. 
Bartlett 13708, i in pa: part (Mi). INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: 
Sumatra: Hamel & Toroes 551 (Mi); Schiffner 2454, (Bi); Toroes 910 
(Mi); Yates 52h , (Mi). MELANESIA: NEW GUINEA: Northeastern New 
Guinea: M. oe . Clemens 11067 bis (Mi), 41503 (Mi). SOLOMON IS- 


22661] (Bi, Bi). YASAWA FIJI ISLANDS: vit Levu: J. W. Gillespie 
14380 (Bi); A. C. Smith 559 (Bi), 6078 (Bi). POLYNESIA: LINE IS- 
LANDS: Palmyra: E. Y. Dawson 19825 (Bi). MARQUESAS ISLANDS: Is- 
land undetermined: Quayle 1281 [2181] (Bi). TUAMOTU ISLANDS: 
Anaa: H. Saint John | 14252 (Bi). Raroia: Doty & Newhouse 11724 
(Bi). “SOCIETY ISLANDS: Raiatea: Je W. Moore 696 (Bi). AUSTRAL 
ISLANDS: Rimatara: Saint John & Fosberg 16976 , 16976 . (Bi). Rurutu: 
Chapin 853 (Bi); F. Re Fosberg 11981 (Bi); H. H. Saint John 16573 
(Bi); A. M. Stokes 1 (Bi). CULTIVATED: Baker Island: E. H. Bry- 
an 1315 (Bi). Florida: P. 0. Schallert 23077, in part , (B). 
Hawaiian Islands: J. F. Rock | sen. [S. Kona, April 26, 1957] (Bi). 
Johnston Island: Ke a Pe . Fosberg 15 Z15 (Bi). Marshall Tekan, Fe. Re 
Fosberg 36709 (Bi). 


VITEX TRIFOLIA var. SUBTRISECTA f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke 

Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 90—91. 1961; Moldenke, 
es Abstr. 37: 1062. 1962; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 53k. 
1963. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 119 


Additional citations: POLYNESIA: AUSTRAL ISLANDS: Rurutu: H. 
Saint John 16705 (Bi--isotype). 


VITEX TRIFOLIA var. VARINGATA Moldenke 

Synonymy: Vitex trifolia variegata [Moldenke] ex lord, Shrubs 
& Trees Austral. Gard., rev. ed., 232. 196). 

Additional & emended bibliography: Neal, In Gard. Hawaii, ed. 
1, 641. 1948; L. He Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl., ed. 2, 844 & 111). 
19195 Kuck & Tongg, Mod. Trop. Gard. 77 & 236. 19555 Moldenke, 
Phytologia 8: 91. 1961; Menninger, Seaside Pl. 15: & 155. 196k; 
E. E. Lord, Shrubs & Trees Austral. Gard., rev. ed., 232. 1963 
Neal, In Gard. Hawaii, ed. 2, 728. 1965; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 
15: rise 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 52. 1968. 

Illustrations: Menninger, Seaside Pl. pl. 223. 196k. 

Lord (196) describes this variety as "Vitex trifolia variega- 
ta with the leaves broadly cream-margined, a very showy shrub", 
and recommends it for coastal areas in Australia. Kuck & Tongg 
(1955) state that the plant is very wind-resistant. 

The Berlin specimen of P. 0. Schallert 23007 does not show any 
variegation, although its leaf-margins are turned over, and is 
cited by me herein under V, trifolia var. subtrisecta (Kuntze) 
Moldenke, It is very possible that the turning over of the leaf- 
margins is an indication that they were variegated there and that 
the specimen should, therefore, be cited here under var. variegata. 

Additional citations: CULTIVATED: Florida: H. N. Moldenke 
24094 (Ac, Rf). Hawaiian Islands: Ito s.n. [Schofield, May 1936] 
(Bi); C. S. Judd s.n. [Puunene, Feb. ue. ~19h0] (Bi); Neal s.n. 
[Nov. 19, 19l] (Bi), sen. [July 9, 19h8] (Bi); J. A, Pr Price s SNe 
[May 10, 1943] (Bi). 


VITEX TRIPINNATA (Lour.) Merr. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., 
Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 582 (1893) and 2: 1036 & 1121. 1895; A. W. 
Hill, Ind. Kew. Supple 6: 219 (1926) and 9: 297 & 298. 1938; 

Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 178. 190; Jacks. in Hook. f. & 
Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 582 (19463 and 2: 103% & 1121 (1916) 
and pr. 3, 1: 582 (1960) and 2: 1036 & 1121. 1960; Moldenke, Phy- 
tologia 8: 91—92. 1961; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 37: 1062. 1962; 
Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 53h. 1963. 

Recent collectors have found this plant growing in evergreen 
forests, at 150 meters altitude, fruiting in August. The corollas 
are described as having been "yellow" on Clemens & Clemens 339. 

The Bejaud 223, in part, in the Berlin herbarim, cited by m me 
peorionel gins as Ve tripinnata, proves actually to be var. clemensorum 
Moldenke. 

Additional citations: CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: How 
72997 (Bi). THAILAND: Larsen, Smitinand, & Warncke 1385 (Ac, Rf). 
INDOCHINA: Annam: Clemens & C Clemens mens 3394 ’ (127199). Tonkin: 
Pételot 6398 (W--1759457), 6419 (W—1759467). State undetermined: 
Eberhardt % 1132 (Hoa-Binh] (W—-2),97092) . 


120 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 


VITEX TRIPINNATA var. CLEMENSORUM Moldenke 

Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 92. 1961; Moldenke, Biol. 
Abstr. 37: 1062. 1962; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 534. 1963. 

The Berlin specimen of Bejaud 223, previously cited by me as 
typical V. tripinnata, has been re-examined and proves to be var. 
clemensorum, It is, however, mixed with something not verbena~ 


CeOus. 
Additional citations: INDOCHINA: Cambodia: Bejaud 223, in 


part (B). 


VITEX TRISTIS S. Elliot 

Additional bibliography: Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. l, 
pr. 1, 457 (1906) and pr. 2, 457. 1913 Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. 
Madag. 17h: 7h, 113-115, & 273, fig. 17 (1). 1956; Moldenke, 
Phytologia 6: 200—201. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 157 & 479. 1959; 
Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 457. 1959. 

Illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17h: 115, fig. 
17 (1). 1956. 


VITEX UBANGHENSIS A. Chev. 

Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 
273. 1921; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 201. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 
10 & 479. 1959; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 2, 273. 1960. 


VITEX UMBROSA Sw. 

Additional synonymy: Nephrandra dubia Willd. in Cothen., 
Disp. Veg. 8. 1790. 

Additional bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat. Veg., 
ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 963 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 946 & 963. 1796; 
Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 361. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. l, 
888. 1821; Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 26. 1866; Jacks. in Hook, 1g 
& Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 308 (189) & 121) (1895) and pr. 
2, 2: 308 & 121). 1946; Asprey & Robbins, Ecol. Monog. 23: 385 & 
11, fig. 20. 1953; Hocking, Dict. Terms Pharmacog. 32. 1955; 
Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 308 & 1a). 
1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 92. 1961; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 
15: Za be 1967. 

Additional illustrations: Asprey & Robbins, Ecol. Monog. 23: 
385, fig. 20. 1953. 

Recent collectors describe this species as a tree, 12 n. 
tall, the stem diameter 50 cm. at breast height, the flowers 
scented, and the fruit orange, growing on steep wooded hillsides, 
at 1000 feet altitude. The corolla is described as "purple with 
yellow blotch at top of lower lip" on Stearn 976. Hocking 
(1955) reports the common names "boxwood" and "South American 
boxwood" for this species. 
ery ee citations: JAMAICA: Proctor 19783 (N); Stearn 976 

S). 


e\, \\ neo 


PHYTOLOGIA 


Designed to expedite botanical publication 


Vol. 17 September, 1968 No. 3 


CONTENTS SEP 24 1968 


NEW YORK 
BOTANICAL GARDE 
MYINT, T., & WARD, D. B., A taxonomic revision Bear the genus 


ee She valudlacoue): tA a en : nf rg NE eed A | 
MOLDENKE, H.N., Additional notes on the genus Vitex. X. . . . . 240 
WUNDERLIN, R. P., A note on Bauhinia hagenbeckii Harms. . . . . 245 


MOURA, C. A. F. de, A new species of Sp ee Aublet (Turneraceae) 
une Maio Grosso; Brazgl. sh ob. Stites «Ae in teen ENE eme i te Mee gt 


Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 


303 Parkside Road 
Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 
U.S.A. 


Price of this number, $2; per volume, $6.75, in advance, 
or $7 at close of volume 


Po 


yee | 
y 2 
7s... be le: 
Po tw 7 
ae a 
~ >» 4 “- " 
me Da 


* 


A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS 


BONAMIA (CONVOLVULACEAE) 
Tin Myint and Daniel B. Ward 1 


Table of Contents 


Page 
fin Puatver Cures. eal. Ose ae aerr rn a Dates dale tg, LES 
MeO GyMAUS War Gla) as ails) <a SOTA Se an oo yee sl ay) eS 
TMECOUUCEHON sa a. 6) ae) SESE TT Se eee adi ce wigan o-« 224 
PME Vi Wis irae eat rca Nall uj 's at cal) Po)” (ola (aj. OPM es ag at ak Ae) Cay Lae (eh Payee 
MOE PIOMOR Ye. wilt tae 5s) << pameentrate eames wo atea @ ea a, E27 
SyaceMacve Treatwent. sa «=a Tenn ate ewe « ane « «Wee 

Bonamaateee aiaite (eh shl«,eerecteeter utaeeree hake its <a 284 
Keysto Sections, of Bondiiiaes et. are ers aes tee « L8G 
Regional ekeyctadnt 2s iw coamirtareaerm er 6 acrid a « at 143 
Key to the African and Asian Species. ........ 148 
Key to ‘therAustralian (Speedies tiers pareettel vay ohvs cel vee ran = LE 
Key to the American and Hawaiian Species. ...... 145 
lig. | S@crelone” Wiles. oo. ow ona .ouo oe o a a acy) 

ilo Bowes Meuleeiarcitolnie, gag a 4 O86 oo 6 a Uw 

2. Bonamia spectabilis .. 1. «626 «seas 153 

32 Ponamiaqensat dora crease « Saaje. laeted lel ip LSG 

4. Bonamia thunbergiana. . ....« «se «4s 157 

5) sbOnaMtalmossambacensase tein: ikke elle! «1 12160 

68 ‘Bonamila COndataneemieet el « «uuettel ies sh on LOZ 

7. Bonamia semidigyna. . .. «ss «se es 163 

8.) / (Bonamiay elegans i ae. cS) aw kta Mal be een DOS 

of Bonanila dretrrchtanas ts ch teoce snyee ce ce op ot LOD 

UOg (Bonamaal MenaNeS 1 liven i) conten sites Ae wehuicl i Mets) 620 


1 Art and Science University, Mandalay, Burma; and the 
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 

This study is derived from a doctoral dissertation 
written by the senior author, University of Florida, 1964, 
under the direction of the junior author. The authors' 
gratitude is hereby expressed to the Government of the Union 
of Burma, who met important expenses by a State Scholarship 
grant, to the curators of those herbaria who generously sent 
their specimens, including types, for examination, to the 
Center for Tropical Agriculture, University of Florida, for 
preparation of the typescript, and to the Department of 
Botany, University of Florida, for meeting the direct cost 
of publication. 

121 


122 


11. Bonamia grandiflora. 
12. Bonamia elliptica. 
13. Bonamia sulphurea. 
14. Bonamia ovalifolia . 
Liss Jonamia multicaulis. 
16. PBonamia sericea. 
17. Bonamia boliviana. 
18. Bonamia holtii ? 
19. Bonamia maripoides . ‘ 
20. Bonamia brevipedicellata . 
21. Bonamia ferruginea.. ey 
22. Bonamia umbellata. 
23. Bonamia sphaerocephala . 
24. Bonamia kuhImannii . 
25. Bonamia peruviana. . 
II. Section: Breweria. A 

26. Bonamia linearis .. . 
27. Bonamia oblongifolia . 
28. Bonamia brevifolia . 
29. Bonamia media. : 
30. Bonamia rosea. ‘ P 
31. Bonamia pannosa. .. « 
32. Bonamia velutina . 

JII. Section: Trichantha. “ 
33. Bonamia trichantha . 
34. Bonamia balansae . ~ 
35. Bonamia corumbaensis . 
36. Bonamia agrostopolis . 
37. Bonamia burchellii. . 
38. Bonamia tomentosa. . 
39. Bonamia subsessilis. . 
40. Bonamia See 

Little—Known Species. . ‘ 
41. Bonamia wieder eC 
42. Bonamia boivinii... 
43. Bonamia langsdorffii . 
44, Bonamia capitata... 
45. Bonamia sedderoides. . 


PEYTOLOCGLS 


Doubtful and Excluded Species... 
pe es has 9s . 


Appendix: 


New Names ane Combinations . 


Vol. Li, no. 3 


Page 
174 
Lis 
178 
179 
181 
182 
185 
185 
186 
188 
191 
192 
193 
195 
196 
197 
198 
200 
203 
204 
209 
211 
214 
215 
216 
yal 
222 
224 
225 
228 
229 
230 
231 
231 
232 
232 
233 
233 
233 
237 
239 


1968 


Figure 


Figure 


Figure 


Figure 


Figure 


Figure 


Map 
Map 
Map 
Map 


Map 


Map 


Map 
Map 


Map 
Map 
Map 
Map 
Map 


Map 


13 


1. 


De 


3. 


4. 


Se 


6. 


14. 


. 


Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 
List of Figures 


. Variations in sizes and shapes of leaves in 
Bonamia s spectabilis. ert ae Wael ce) te 

Leaf shapes and sizes in the ie eee 
of B. menziesii. . . awe eds ‘ 

Leaf shape, inflorescence. and floral parts 


of B. brevipedicellata, and inflorescence 


and floral parts of B. maripoides. 
. Variations in sizes and shapes of leaves in 


B. media, B. brevifolia, B. oblongifolia 


and B. LineariSss is Sa on woe 
: version in sizes and Shanes of leaves in 


pannosa, B. dietrichiana and B. rosea 


Leaf: See and sizes in Bonamia trichantha. 


List of Maps 


Distribution of B. alternifolia, B. specta- 
bilis, B. mossambicensis, and B. velutina. 

Distribution of B. thunbergiana. .. . - 

Distribution of B. semidigyna var. semidigyna 
and var. farinacea, B. elegans, and B. 
dretsichvanapen aie anal elon rele A 

Distribution of B. menziesii var. menziesii 
and var. rockii. .. 


DigkeeeyssPn of B. grandiflora, iB. elliptica, 


sulphurea, B. Ovalifolia,— B. mutica ls, 


= B. brevipedicellata. eo 
Distribution of B. boliviana, B. helene ith 


B. sericea var. sericea and var. latifolia. 


Distribution of B. maripoides and B. ferruginea. 
Distribution of B. umbellata, B. sphaerocephala, 


B. kuhlmannii, and B. peruviana. .... . 
Distribution of B. linearis, B. brevifolia, and 


B. oblongifolia. 


Distribution of B. media var. media» \ var. villosa 


andavar. .cMaspanatary «sds S68 


. Distribution of B. pannosa and B. OSC ania tute 
Distribution of B. trichantha var. trichantha, 


var. oblonga, var. ovata f. ovata and f. 
PIADTALA depeipssnaepae e)ueieameas teen ah, ape ace 
Distribution of B. balansae, B. corumbaensis 


and B. agrostopolis. PA Sabah cane 


Distribution of B. burchellii, Be tomentosa, 


B. subsessilis and B. mattogrossensis. - 


123 


Page 
155 


173 


189 


201 


213 
2a9 


Page 
152 
159 
164 


I7Al 


176 


183 
187 


194 
199 
206 
210 
Pali / 
223 


227 


12h PRY T.O-1PO' GIs Vol. 17, no. 3 
Introduction 


The genus Bonamia belongs to the Convolvulaceae, a family of 
flowering plants. According to the concept presented in this 
study, it is a genus of forty-five species and eleven varieties. 
Bonamia is a fairly large genus compared with some of its close 
relatives, Stylisma (represented by six species), Calycobolus 
(represented by eleven or twelve species) and Seddera (represen- 
ted by about fifteen or twenty species). In contrast to the 
narrow distribution of these genera, Bonamia occurs throughout 
the tropical and warm temperate regions of both hemispheres, with 
a concentration of species in South America, Australia and Mada- 
gascar. Several species are known only by type collections or 
only from type localities and are poorly represented in the 
herbaria of the world. Several others are known only by a modest 
number of specimens. Only fourteen species are known from ten 
or more collections, and only five species are not restricted 
to a narrow geographical region. 


The only synopsis of the genus Bonamia, that of H. Hallier 
(1897), contained twenty-eight species, one of which definitely 
belongs to the genus Seddera and another to the genus Metaporana; 
no key was given. Recent studies of the genus (van Ooststroom, 
1954, O'Donell, 1959, Verdcourt, 1963 and Myint, 1968) deal only 
with a few species of particular areas or countries. Other re- 
cent students (Meeuse, 1957, Wilson, 1960, and Shinners, 1962), 
have applied the name Bonamia in a somewhat broader sense by in- 
clusion of some species here considered as belonging to related 
genera. In contrast to these authors, Roberty (1952) breaks Bo- 
namia into more than one genus. These conflicting treatments 
create doubt as to generic limits and invite a thorough investi- 
gation of the entire genus. That some clarification of the species 
and varieties comprising the genus Bonamia is needed is evident 
from the large number of misidentified or misplaced specimens ex- 
tant in most herbaria. With the addition of many species to 
the original genus, and due to the inclusion of several species of 
related genera, it becomes desirable to redefine the generic limits 
of Bonamia, to form three sections within the genus, to evaluate 
some characters that have not been used in its classification, and 
to determine boundaries of several species which were inadequately 
described and are poorly known. 


Bonamia is characterized technically by the possession of 
free or partially free styles, nonaccrescent sepals, and ovate, 
obovate or ovate-cordate cotyledons. It is not surprising that 
Asa Gray, recognizing the overall similarity of Bonamia and Sty- 
lisma, put the members of the latter in Bonamia. However, a re- 
cent monographic study of Stylisma by the senior author (Myint, 1966) 
together with additional information gathered during the present 
investigation, strongly indicates the feasibility and desirability 
of treating them as separate genera, while admitting the existence 
of connection between them. 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 125 


In the present study, one new species, two new varieties and 
one new form are described; three new combinations are made; and 
three sections. are proposed. A key to sections, a general key 
to all species, and three regional keys to species are presented. 
All specimens (assigned to the genus Bonamia and its related genera) 
available from the following herbaria were examined. The abbre- 
viations are listed here according to Lanjouw and Stafleu (1964). 


A- Arnold Arboretum, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 

B — Botanisches Museum, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany. 

BM — British Museum of Natural History, London, Great Britian. 

BRI — Botanic Museum and Herbarium, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 

EA — The East African Herbarium, Nairobi, Kenya. 

F — Chicago Natural History Museum, Chicago, Illinois. 

G - Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneve, Switzerland. 

GH — The Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massa- 
chusetts. 

HBG — Stattsinstitut fur allgemeine Botanik, Hamburg, Germany. 

K - The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Great Britian. 

L - Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Netherlands. 

MEXU - Herbario Nacional del Instituto de Biologia, Mexico, D.F. 

Mexico 

NY — New York Botanical Garden, New York, New York. 

R - Divisao de Botanica do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

RB — Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

UC - Herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley, California. 

US - National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 

W - Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria. 


In addition to the species from the above-mentioned herbaria, 
specimens of B. grandiflora, B. multicaulis and B. ovalifolia from 
the following herbaria were examined. 


DUKE — Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. 

FLAS - Herbarium of the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 

PSU — Florida State University Herbarium, Tallahassee, Florida. 

GA - Herbarium of the University of Georgia, Athen, Georgia. 

MICH -— University Herbarium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 
Michigan. 

NCU — Herbarium of University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 
North Carolina. 

NSC - Department of Botany, North Carolina State College, Raleigh, 
North Carolina. 

PH - Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

SMU — Herbarium of Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas. 


History 
The generic name Bonamia was established by DuPetit-Thouars 


(1804) in honor of Francois Bonami (1710-1786), a French physician 
and botanist who wrote the Flora of the Environ of Nantes in 1782. 


126 PHYTTOLO GTA Vol. 17, no. 3 


It was based on a woody vine of Madagascar, later described as B. 


alternifolia by Jaume Saint-Hilaire (1805) and as B. madagascar- 
iensis by Poiret (1810). 


The generic name Breweria was proposed by Robert Brown (1810) 
in honor of Samuel Brewer (1670-1743), an English amateur botanist. 
The generic description was based on three Australian species, 
Breweria linearis, Br. media and Br. pannosa (i.e. Bonamia linearis, 
B. media and B. pannosa of the present treatment). Before the com- 
parative study of the Convolvulaceae by Hallier (1893), Breweria 
was most commonly treated as a genus distinct from Bonamia. 


The generic name Trichantha was described by Karsten and Triana 
(1856), based on a woody vine of Columbia, described by them as 
Trichantha ferruginea (=Bonamia trichantha of the present treatment). 
However, this generic name is invalid, since it is preoccupied by 
Trichantha Hooker (1844) of the Gesneriaceae. 


The name Perispermum was established by Otto Degener (1932), 
based on a woody vine, Perispermum albiflorum (=Bonamia menziesii 
of the present treatment), which is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. 


A fifth generic name, Breweriopsis, was proposed by G. Roberty 
in his new and strange system of classification of the Convolvula- 


ceae (1952). It was based on Breweriopsis elegans (=Bonamia elegans 


of the present treatment), an endemic of lower Burma. 


Although these five generic names were described from different 
plants from various parts of the world (Madagascar, Australia, Co- 
lumbia, Hawaii and tropical Asia), they all are characterized by 
essentially similar floral features. Other generic names of close 
nomenclatural association, especially to the names Breweria and 
Bonamia, are Stylisma Rafinesque (1818), Seddera Hochst. (1844), 
Calycobolus Willd. ex Roem. and Schult. (1819), Prevostea Choisy 
(1825), Dufourea H.B.K. (1818), Reinwardtia Spreng. (1825), De- 


thardigia Nees et Mart. (1823), Codonanthus G. Don (1856), and 
Metaporana N.E. Brown (1914). 


The treatment of these genera in the past has varied widely. 
Choisy (1845) treated Bonamia, Breweria, Stylisma, Seddera and 
Prevostea (=Calycobolus) as distinct genera. Gray, in his earlier 
manual (1856), treated Stylisma as a distinct genus; but later 
(1862) he questioned the validity of Breweria and Stylisma, and 
suggested their reduction to Bonamia. Bentham and Hooker (1876) 
did not accept Gray's suggestion and treated Bonamia as a monotypic 
genus of Madagascar and Breweria in a very broad sense by in- 
cluding species previously assigned to Seddera, Stylisma and Caly- 
cobolus, in addition to species described under Breweria and 
Trichantha. Peter (1897) slightly modified Bentham and Hooker's 
classification by treating Bonamia as containing two species 
(B. alternifolia and B. menziesii), members of Calcycobolus and 
one species of Bonamia (B. ferruginea) under the generic name 
Prevostea, and the rest in three subgenera (namely Seddera, 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 127 
Stylisma and Eubreweria) under the generic name Breweria. 


Hallier (1893) was the first to call attention to the weak- 
ness of the differences observed between Bonamia and Breweria sen. 
str. He combined the two groups into a single genus, and the ol- 
der name Bonamia was substituted for the later Breweria. He re- 
tained Stylisma, Seddera and Prevostea as distinct genera from 
Bonamia ae his choice of the name Prevostea rather than 
Calycobolus was incorrect). The generic delimitation thus adopted 
and revised by Hallier was accepted by House (1907), but he treat- 
ed three species of Bonamia under Calycobolus, since he missed the 
fact that members of Calycobolus are characterized by accrescent 
sepals rather than by unequal sepals. Amongst the authors of some 
local floras, Baker and Rendle (1906), Hutchinson and Dalziel 
(1931), Small (1933), van Ooststroom (1932; 1954), O'Donell (1959) 
and Vercourt (1963) followed Hallier, whereas Clarke (1883), 
Bailey (1901), Baker and Wright (1904) and Fernald (1950) appar- 
ently followed Bentham and Hooker. In the more recent studies 
Meeuse (1957), working on south African species, referred a spec- 
ies of Seddera to Bonamia, and Wilson (1960) and Shinners (1962), 
independently working on the North American species, referred all 
species of Stylisma to Bonamia. 


Roberty's treatment of Bonamia and its related genera in his 
new system of classification (1952) is so different from all other 
authors mentioned above and so artificial in selection of the dis- 
tinguishing characters that it is not at all acceptable and de- 
serves no special attention except a short comment. His proposal 
of the new genus Breweriopsis and treatment of Bonamia and Breweria 
as distinct genera are based on insufficient knowledge of the 
plants, as is evident from the fact that he included B. spectabilis 
in Breweriopsis (under B. elegans) and B. minor in Bonamia (under 
B. cymosa), whereas these two are definitely conspecific (the dif- 
ference being only in the pubescence of stems, which is variable). 
Further, he included three species of Bonamia in Stylisma humistrata 
in addition to all known species of that genus; he also associated 
Bonamia ferruginea with Dipteropeltis ferruginea, an entirely dif- 
ferent plant of tropical Africa. Several other serious errors 
have been pointed out by Verdcourt (1957; 1963). 


Morphology 


The morphological characteristics of species of Bonamia are 
poorly known because of the infrequent or rare occurrence and spor- 
adic or limited distribution of many species. Most previous stu- 
dies, except Hallier's comparative study of the family and synopsis 
of Bonamia, have been directed mainly to the descriptions of es- 
sential features for delimiting different species. 


HABIT: Plants of Bonamia are perennial, woody, suffrutes- 
cent or rarely herbaceous vines, occasionally small shrubs or 


128 Sem’ TO IOS Dik Vol. 17, no. 3 


subshrubs, growing from deep-seated roots. The roots are mostly 
woody and never tuberous as they are in some species of Ipomoea, 
the largest genus of the Convolvulaceae. The tap roots are thick, 
at least near the bases of the shoots, and gradually taper down- 
ward. Adventitious roots at the nodes are not common, even in the 
prostrate or trailing species. 


The stem is generally weak and slender or occasionally woody, 
mostly prostrate, twining or scandent, infrequently procumbent, 
suberect or erect. Members of section Trichantha are consistently 
woody and high-climbing vines or small erect shrubs, as in B. 
corumbaensis. The habit of members belonging to section Bonamia 
is quite variable from species to species, from suberect or pro- 
cumbent as in B. sericea and B. ovalifolia, prostrate, twining 
or scandent as in most other species, to very high climbing as 
in B. brevipedicellata, B. maripoides, B. ferruginea, and B. semi- 
digyn - B. brevipedicellata has been recorded as "50 ft. high, 1 
inch in diameter." Members belonging to the section Breweria are 
generally smaller, somewhat herbaceous, suffrutescent or becoming 
woody. They are mostly prostrate, procumbent or erect, rarely 
twining. The stem is usually slender, as in B. linearis, B. media 
and B. brevifolia, or thick and erect as in B. rosea and B. velu-— 
tina. In general, section Trichantha and section Breweria show 
the extreme types of habit, whereas section Bonamia is somewhat 
intermediate. 


STEM: The stems are mostly terete or slightly angular, smooth, 
minutely striated, punctate or provided with lenticels, glabrous, 
sparsely pubescent, glabrescent, moderately to densely sericeous, 
villous, tomentose, velutinous or ferrugineous. Internodes, high- 
ly variable in length from species to species, are one or two cen- 
timeters long, as in most species of section Breweria and some 
species of section Bonamia, to several centimeters long, as in 
most species of section Trichantha and a few species of section 
Bonamia. The colors are light green, greyish green, silvery grey 
or brownish grey depending on the absence or presence of a dense 
coating of hairs. Underground stems have not been seen, although 
they might be present in several species. Branching is alternate, 
and frequent or occasional. Extent of branching is not a constant 
feature and is variable even in a single species. In some species 
there is a little or no secondary branching. 


LEAVES: In general, the leaves show a homoblastic series, 
with all leaves similar in shape, although with the upper smaller 
than the lower. B. elegans shows a heteroblastic series, with 
the juvenile leaves ovate, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, and the 
upper leaves (on flowering branches) oblong. 


Leaf shape in members of the genus Bonamia varies from ellip- 
tic, ovate, cordate, or orbicular (with length-width ratios of one 
or very close to one) to oblong, lanceolate or linear (with length- 
width ratios of two or higher). Leaf size also varies from one 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 129 


centimeter of slightly longer as in B. brevifolia, B. media and 


B. rosea, to several centimeters long as in B. agrostopolis, B. 


ferruginea, B. mattogrossensis, B. kuhlmannii, B. subsessilis 

and B. trichantha. In general, the leaves are smaller in members 
of section Breweria and larger in those belonging to section Tri- 
chantha, while most species of section Bonamia possess leaves of 
somewhat intermediate sizes. 


Leaves are sessile, subsessile or shortly petiolate in the 
members of section Breweria, whereas they are distinctly petio- 
late or long-petiolate in those of section Trichantha. Leaves in 
members of section Bonamia may be sessile, subsessile, shortly 
petiolate or long-petiolate. Leaves are thin, herbaceous or slight- 
ly subcoriaceous as in section Breweria, thin or thick, soft or 
subcoriaceous, aS in most species of section Bonamia, or thick, 
subcoriaceous, coriaceous or leathery as in section Trichantha. 
Leaf base and apex vary inconsistently from acute and attenuate 
to obtuse, rounded, truncate and cordate or emarginate; leaves 
are frequently mucronate or mucronulate. Such wide variations 
of leaf base and apex are shown in all three sections. 


Leaves are entire in most species, slightly undulate in B. 
alternifolia and slightly crenate or somewhat wavy in B. burche- 
Ilii. They are mostly green, dark green or greyish green on the 
upper surface, pale or light green on the lower surface. Leaf 
surfaces are glabrous, sparsely pubescent, puberulous, sericeous, 
velutinous, tomentose, strigose, or ferrugineous, frequently more 
densely so on the lower surface or on the veins. Veins are thin 
and obscure as in some species of section Breweria or very promi- 
nent as in most species of section Trichantha, in which even the 
intercostal veins are prominent. In the species of section Bonamia, 
veins are not distinct as in B. densiflora, B. multicaulis, and 
B. sericea, or are very prominent as in B. alternifolia and B. 
ferruginea. Lateral veins are few (2-5), as in some Australian 
species, or several (6-11), as in most South American species. 


INDUMENTUM: Hairs, except glandular ones, in all species of 
Bonamia are two-celled, and are usually appressed. The stalk-cell 
is extremely small, and the terminal cell bears two elongated arms. 
Both stalk and two-armed cells are mostly thick-walled or rarely 
thin-walled. The two arms of hairs on the vegetative parts and on 
the sepals are equal or slightly unequal and usually point in oppo- 
site directions. However, hairs on the margin of the sepals, when 
present, possess erect arms, thus pointing approximately in a 
single direction (i.e. away from surface); hairs on interplicae 
of the corolla and upper part of the tube possess unequal arms, 
with one extremely long arm pointing toward the apex of the pe- 
tals and another very short or almost indistinguishable arm point- 
ing toward the base of the corolla; hairs on the filaments of the 
stamens are curly and soft and occasionally glandular; hairs on 
the ovary, mostly at the apex, have two straight arms pointing to- 
ward the mouth of the corolla. 


130 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no, 3 


The type of hairs is generally uniform in the whole genus, 
although their density, length or arms and occurrence on different 
parts vary from species to species and are taxonomically impor- 
tant. They are distinctly appressed when their occurrence on 
certain parts is sparse or scattered; but when the hairs are 
dense, they are less appressed and sometimes crisped. 


INFLORESCENCE: The flowers are axillary and mostly soli- 
tary or in simple dichasial cymes in the members of section Bre- 
weria. In the members of section Trichantha, the flowers are _ 
mostly in axillary compound or simple cymes, or in terminal pan- 
icles, rarely solitary or in simple cymes. The flowers in the 
members of section Bonamia are variable from axillary and soli- 
tary to dense clusters in an axillary or terminal position. Sol- 
itary flowers seem to be a result of reduction of compound in- 
florescences, since the less advanced species possess inflorescences 
of large number of flowers, whereas the more advanced species 
generally possess solitary flowers or simple cymes. This is evi- 
dent in some species in which the aborted floral buds occur in the 
axils of bracts or bracteoles. 


FLOWER: The flowers are sessile, shortly pedunculate or 
shortly pedicellate, distinctly pedunculate and pedicellate or 
long-peduculate. Such a wide variation is most evident in the 
section Bonamia. In B. ovalifolia, B. grandiflora, B. multicaulis, 
and B. sericea, the flowers are sessile, subsessile, shortly pe- 
dunculate or shortly pedicellate, whereas in B. semidigyna and B. 
cordata the peducles are comparatively very long. In B. peru- 
viana and B. kuhlmannii the pedicels and secondary peduncles are 
nearly as long as the primary peduncles, whereas in B. maripoides 
and B. sulphurea the pedicels are fairly long, sometimes longer 
than the short peduncles. This feature is rather uniform in 
the members of section Breweria and section Trichantha. 


Bracts and bracteoles are usually small, reduced and scale- 
like, with a few exceptions. In most species they are linear, 
linear-lanceolate or subulate and mostly shorter than pedicels. 
However, bracts in B. pannosa are long-linear, distinctly longer 
than pedicels; bracts in B. brevifolia are as long as the pedi- 
cels; bracts in B. cordata and B. mossambicensis are foliaceous, 
mostly ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate in shape and as 
long as or longer than the sepals. Bracteoles also show the same 
range of shapes, although their size is smaller. Both bracts and 
bracteoles in most species are alternate. The alternate position 
is not conspicuous in B. mossambicensis and B. sphaerocephala, 
whose inflorescences are multiflorus and dense because of ab- 
sence of pedicels. The bracts and bracteoles are persistent in 
most species but deciduous in some species of section Trichantha. 


CALYX: All species have calyces composed of five quincun- 
cially imbricated sepals, which are free or slightly fused at 
their extreme base. In all species of the genus the sepals are 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 131 


not accrescent. This is the most important characteristic dis- 
tinguishing the genus Bonamia from the genus Calycobolus. The 
sepals in Bonamia are coriaceous, subcoriaceous or rarely soft and 
somewhat herbaceous, but never membranous. The shape and size are 
highly variable from species to species. In general, they are 
lanceolate, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-ovate, elliptic, or- 
bicular or rarely ovate-subcordate, obovate or oblique-ovate. They 
are acute, obtuse, acuminate, obtuse-mucronate, rounded, truncate 
or slightly emarginate at the apex. They are equal or subequal in 
most species and distinctly unequal in some species, such as B. 
cordata, B. ferruginea, B. mossambicensis, B. pannosa, B. peru- 
viana and B. kuhlmannii. In all these species, the outer two 
sepals are large, ovate, ovate-orbicular, ovate-cordate, or rarely 
ovate-lanceolate, densely tomentose, ferrugineous, or pilose 
outside, densely sericeous or velutinous inside except at the 
center, or glabrous. The in-out sepal (third sepal) is smaller 
like the inner two, or large and oblique-ovate in shape and similar 
to the outer sepals in its pubescence (except at the inner margin). 
In the members of section Breweria, sepals are mostly ovate-lanceo- 
late, small and equal or subequal except in B. pannosa. They are 
sericeous, tomentose, pilose or velutinous outside in all members 
of this section. In the members of section Trichantha, sepals 

are ovate, ovate-orbicular, oblong-ovate or orbicular, equal or 
slightly unequal, and tomentose, sericeous, sparsely pubescent, 
puberulous or rarely glabrous outside. The sepals are glabrous 
inside except in B. mattogrossensis. In the members of section 
Bonamia the sepals are highly variable from species to species 

in their shape, from lanceolate to ovate or orbicular, from equal 
to unequal, in their size from small to large, in their apices 
from acute and acuminate to obtuse and rounded, and in their sur- 
face from glabrous or sparsely puberulous to densely tomentose, 
villous or ferrugineous. Sepals are generally thin, herbaceous or 
rarely subcoriaceous in section Breweria, thick and coriaceous in 
Trichantha and variable in section Bonamia. 


COROLLA: The corolla is sympetalous, funnel-shaped , shortly 
tubular campanulate, narrow-campanulate or campanulate—funnelform, 
and plicate in the bud stage. It is shallowly lobed as in B. al- 
ternifolia, somewhat lobulate, entire or subentire as in most 
species of the genus. During the bud-stage the lateral edges of 
each petal are hidden by being folded inwardly along the line of 
fusion between the petals. The infolded areas, termed plicae, are 
roughly triangular with their apices extending toward the tubular 
portion of the corolla, with the lateral angles of adjacent plicae 
nearly meeting at the apex of each petal. Between the plicae, the 
central portions of the petals or mesopetaline bands, termed inter- 
plicae, form the exposed surface of the bud. Each interplica is 
narrowly triangular tapering toward the apex of the petal, with 
the base merging with adjacent interplicae to form the tubular por- 
tion of the corolla. The size of the corolla varies from small 
to large. In the section Breweria, the corolla is usually small, 
8-15 mm. long, rarely longer. In the section Trichantha, the 
corolla is somewhat larger, mostly 18-25 mm. long. In the section 


132 Po iO TeOaevDran Vol. 17, no. 3 
Bonamia, the corolla is large or small. 


The pigmentation of the corolla varies from species to species, 
but it is constant within a single species--blue, deep blue, pur- 
plish blue, or purple in B. grandiflora, B. elliptica, B. ovali- 
folia, B. multicaulis, B. elegans, B. spectabitis» B. mossambicen- 


sis, B. mattogrossensis, B. pannosa, and B. media; red, rose, or 
pink in B. abscissa and B. rosea; yellow or yellowish in B. balan- 
sae and perhaps in B. corumbaensis and B. menziesii. In the re- 
maining species, the corolla is white, or, ina few of them, un- 
known. The color of the corolla is variable from blue to white 
in B. media and B. pannosa, and from red to pink or white in B. 


rosea. 


ANDROECIUM: The stamens are five, alternate to the petals. 
They are mostly inserted, or rarely exserted as in B. alternifolia. 
The filaments are epipetalous, being adnate to the corolla at the 
basal portion. They are usually slightly longer than the styles, 
but may be appreciably longer or shorter. They are equal, subequal 
or unequal in length, and generally filiform above and flattened 
or widened near the base. The filaments are glabrous, sparsely 
or densely villous, at least the lower part. The anthers are 
bilocular, introrse or partially introrse, dehiscing by longitudinal 
slits. Their attachment to the filaments is mostly dorsal or basi- 
dorsal, and sagittate, cordate or subcordate at the base. They 
are oblong, oblong-ovate or lanceolate and usually 1.5-5 mm. long. 


GYNOECIUM: The gynoecium is composed of two carpels, fused 
except for the stigmas and a portion of the styles. The degree 
of fusion of the stylar branches, termed stylodia, is variable 
from species to species; but in general the stylar branches are 
free at least for the upper one-fourth and in many species they are 
free to the middle, nearly to the base or readily separable to the 
base. The stylar branches are filiform, glabrous or rarely with 
scattered hairs, and equal or unequal in length. Each stylar branch 
is provided with a single vascular strand, which branches near the 
stigmas in the members of section Trichantha; in the members of 
two other sections it is unbranched. The stigmas are globose, sub- 
globose, globose-capitate, capitate, conical, reniform, or bilobed, 
rarely peltate. They are usually wider than the tips of stylar 
branches, and rarely small and not distinctly distinguishable. 
The surfaces of stigmas are smooth, warted or occasionally rugose 
or rugulose. In the section Breweria stigmas are usually large, 
globose, subglobose or globose-capitate, rarely peltate and mostly 
smooth. In the section Trichantha stigmas are large, reniform, 
bilobed or capitate and smooth. In the section Bonamia stigmas are 
variable from small to large, globose to capitate or peltate, and 
from smooth to rugose or rugulose. 


The ovary contains two chambers, each of which encloses two 
erect ovules in axile placentation. It is ovoid, ovoid-conical, 
oblong or conical. It is sparsely long-pilose, densely long-pilose, 
tomentose or glabrous, often pilose only at the apex. The ovary 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 133 


at its base is usually surrounded by a thin or thick annular disc, 
very prominent in several species and frequently enlarged in the 
facut 


FRUIT: The fruits in all species are valvular capsules with 
persistent sepals. They are most frequently two- to four-seeded, 
but occasionally one-seeded. Although the number of seeds per 
capsule is variable and is not a good characteristic for distin- 
guishing Bonamia from Stylisma (as was done by Hallier), the 
mean number differs between the two genera (higher in Bonamia 
and lower in Stylisma) and in several species two- or one- 
seeded capsules are rare. The capsules are thin-walled or thick- 
walled and four- or eight-valvular, rarely two-valvular. In 
some species the individual valves may break again into smaller 
pieces, and thus the capsules may superficially appear to be 
multivalvular. In the members of section Trichantha, the capsule 
Walls are thick and hard, frequently breaking into two pieces, 
although they are four-valvular in reality. Occasionally the 
capsules may remain indehiscent for a long time as in B. menziesii. 
The septum in the capsule is thin in most species of section 
Breweria and section Bonamia, whereas it is thick and hard in 
the members of section Trichantha. The capsules are small in 
section Breweria and are large in section Trichantha, whereas 
they are variable in size in section Bonamia. 


SEED: Seeds are somewhat similar in shape from species to 
species, but are variable in size, color, surface and indumentum. 
In section Bonamia seeds are small or large, varying from 3-6 (7) 
mm. in length, brown, dark brown, or black in color and smooth or 
punctate and glabrous on the surface. In section Breweria, seeds 
are small, 2-4 mm. long, brown or dark brown, smooth or punctate 
and glabrous. In section Trichantha, seeds are small or large, 
4-7 mm. long, brown or dark brown, and long-haired along the edge 
and villous or long-haired on the ventral and dorsal surface. 

The seedcoat is hard in all species and is frequently covered with 
a thin perisperm. 


The embryo is embedded in cartilaginous endosperm, which on 
wetting swells into a gelatinous mass. The embryonic axis is short 
with an indistinguishable hypocotyl or elongate with a short hypo- 
cotyl. The plumule is located between the two cotyledonary petioles 
or on the side of the stalk formed by the fusion of the two cotyle- 
donary petioles. The cotyledons are petiolate, foliaceous, thin 
and herbaceous. They are generally ovate, obovate, ovate-cordate, 
orbicular, obscurely bilobed or rarely linear-bifid, rounded, trun- 
cate or emarginate at the apex, cordate or truncate at the base, 
and mostly symmetrical or rarely somewhat oblique. The two coty- 
ledons are closely appressed to each other and the two fold 
together repeatedly (thus appearing to be multiplicate and corrugate) 
and also fold against the radicle. In some species the closely 
appressed cotyledons are flat and folded once or twice and then 
against the radicle. 


13h Pe YoT 10: Oras Vol. 17, no. 3 
Systematic Treatment 


Bonamia DuPetit-Thouars, Hist. Veg. Isl. France Reunion, Madagas- 
car 1:33, pl. 8. 1804, nom. cons. 

Breweria R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 487. 1810. Type: 
Bonamia linearis (R. Br.) Hall. f. (as Breweria linearis 
R. Br. 1810--BM! W!). 

Trichantha Karst. et Triana, Linnaea 28:437. 1856. Type: 
Bonamia trichantha Hall. f. (as Trichantha ferruginea 
K. et T. 1856--G! BM! W!); not Trichantha Hooker, Icon. 
Pl. tt. 666,667. 1844. 

Perispermum 0. Degener, Flora Hawaiiensis, Fam. 307. 1932. 
Type: Bonamia menziesii Gray (as Perispermum albiflorum 
Degener, 1932--M0!). 

Breweriopsis G. Roberty, Candollea 14:31. 1952. Type: 


Bonamia elegans (Wall.) Hall. f. (as Breweriopsis elegans 
(Wall. ) Roberty, 1952--BM! G!). 


Perennial, herbaceous, suffrutescent or woody, twining, prostrate 
or trailing, occasionally procumbent or suberect, shubby vines or 
erect subshrubs; shoots a few to several, simple or branched, grow- 
ing all year around or arising annually from old shoots, bases of 
previous shoots, crowns, horzontally spreading subterranean stems, 
or from roots. Roots deep-penetrating, often becoming thick in 
some, frequently with pulpy bark, never bulbous nor fleshy. Stems 
mostly thin, elongate, occasionally becoming as thick as 2.5 cm. 
at the base, as long as a few decimeters to several meters in 
height, smooth or lenticellate, glabrous to densely pubescent, 
villous, sericeous or ferrugineous. Leaves petiolate, subsessile 
or sessile, estipulate, herbaceous or subcoriaceous, occasionally 
leathery; blades simple, entire, occasionally undulate or slightly 
wavy, ovate, ovate-cordate, elliptic, ovate-elliptic, oblong-ovate, 
lanceolate, oblong, linear or linear-lanceolate, often large, acute, 
obtuse, acuminate, acute-mucronate, obtuse-mucronate or slightly 
emarginate at the apex, acute, attenuate, cordate, rounded or trun- 
cate at the base; veins prominent to inconspicuous except the mi- 
dribs, mostly impressed above, often with distinct intercostal 
veins; hairs appressed, two-armed, straight or crisped, very fine 
to distinctly long, scattered or dense, silvery grey, greyish 
white, pale brown or grey, often becoming rusty brown when dry. 
Inflorescences axillary or terminal, pedunculate or subsessile, 
simple or compound dichasial cymes of few to several flowers, 
often solitary or terminal panicles composed of several dichasial 
cymes; peduncles short or elongate, usually shorter than leaves, 
or absent; pedicels usually short, occasionally elongate (becoming 
as long as 2 cm.); bracts small and linear or distinctly folia- 
ceous, mostly two for each individual flower, opposite or slightly 
alternate, sometimes crowded in congested clusters. Sepals five, 
quincuncially imbricate, free or rarely united at the extreme base, 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 135 


mostly ovate, ovate-lanceolate, broadly lanceolate, orbicular, or 
oblong-orbicular, equal or unequal, acute, acuminate, obtuse, 
rounded or slightly emarginate at the apex, sericeous, tomentose, 
pilose, velutinous, ferrugineous or glabrous on the inner surface, 
persistent in capsules. Corolla white, blue, bluish purple, pink 
or red, yellow, yellowish white or greenish white, funnel-shaped, 
campanulate or shortly tubular campanulate, plicate in bud, sym- 
petalous with entire, subentire, lobed or lobulate limb, outside 
sparsely or densely pilose on interplicae (midpetaline bands) , 
glabrous on plicae (infolded areas); individual hairs on inter- 
plicae with two unequal arms (long arms directed toward apices 

of petals). Stamens five, alternate with petals, inserted or rare- 
ly exserted, all fertile; filaments epipetalous (being adnate to 
the lower, narrow part of the corolla), straight, filiform or 
somewhat dilated below, dorsiventrally flattened, unequal, sub- 
equal or equal in length, glabrous or thinly to densely villous 

or glandular-villous (with crisped or curly hairs), frequently 
villous only on the basal dilated portions; anthers two-celled, 
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, dorsifixed or apparently basifixed, 
frequently sagittate or cordate at the base, introrse or partially 
extrorse by vertically dehiscing slits; pollen colpate and punc- 
titegillate, not spiniferous. Ovary superior, bicarpellate, bilo- 
cular, long-pilose or hirsute with two-armed hairs (both arms of 
each hair directing toward the mouth of the corolla) or glabrous, 
surrounded by annular disc at the base; ovules two in each loculus, 
erect, anatropous, in axile placentation, appearing to be basal; 
styles terminal, two, almost free to partially united, included 

in the corolla to partially exserted; stylar branches (or stylodia) 
equal to unequal, filiform, mostly glabrous, occasionally with 
scattered hairs; stigmas large or small, globose, subglobose, 
capitate, reniform, bilobed conical or rarely peltate, smooth or 
rugose, occasionally lobulate. Fruits 1- to 4-seeded, 4- to 8- 
valvular, rarely 2-valvular capsules with thin and chartaceous 

or thick and ligneous walls, ovoid, globose or conical-ovoid, 
apiculate at the apex, glabrous or with scattered hairs, two-celled 
with thin or thick septum, with persistent sepals, dehiscing by 
valves, occasionally dehiscing by basal circumcision, rarely re- 
maining indehiscent for a long time after ripeness. Seeds brown, 
dark brown or black, smooth or punctate,glabrous or lanate, oval 
and plano-convex or roughly three-angled, with hard or rarely 
soft seedcoat, covered with thin transparent perisperm; endosperm 
scanty or copious, cartilagenous, swelling on wetting. Cotyledons 
thin, foliaceous, ovate, obovate, ovate-cordate or orbicular, 
rarely linear-bifid, mostly symmetrical, rarely slightly oblique, 
corrugate-plicate and folded against radicle or simply flat 

or slightly folded along central line and folded against radicle; 
cotyledonary petioles free or fused. Flowering from summer to 
winter. 


Type: B. madagascariensis Poiret, in Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. 
Bot. suppl. 1:677. 1810, nom. illeg. (B. alternifolia J. St. Hi- 
laire, Expos. Fam. 2:349. 1805.) 


136 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 


Dry sandy soils of various types, rarely moist or wet ground, 
frequently coastal plains and dunes, occasionally inland high 
ground, open forests, grassy plains, scrubby lands, edges of dense 
forests, frequently along streams and riverbanks; of tropics, sub- 
tropics and warm temperate regions of both hemispheres, with a 
concentration of more species in South America, Australia and 
Madagascar, and fewer species in Asia, North America and mainland 
Africa. 


The genus is heterogeneous and is roughly separable into 
three sections. 


Key to Sections of Bonamia 


1. Seeds glabrous; fruits with thin walls, dehiscing into 
four or eight valves, rarely indehiscent, with thin or 
membranous septa; flowers solitary, in simple or com- 
pound cymes, umbellate or capitate heads (axillary or 
terminal). 2 


1. Seeds fulvous-villous on the ventral and dorsal sides, 
long-haired along the edge; fruits with ligneous and 
thick walls, dehiscing into two or four valves, with 
ligneous or thick septa; flowers mostly in panicles or 


pseudopanicles, rarely solitary or simple cymes. 
Sect. Trichantha 


2. Corolla 1.8 cm. or longer, if shorter, flowers in dense 
capitate clusters; peduncles or pedicels or the two to- 
gether consistently as long as 1 cm. or longer, rarely 
shorter; leaves 3 cm. or longer; flowers mostly in 


cymes, dense clusters, or occasionally solitary. 
Sect. Bonamia 


2. Corolla shorter than 1.8 cm.; peduncles or pedicels or 
the two together mostly 5 mm. or shorter, rarely long- 
er; leaves shorter than 3 cm., narrower than 2 cm., if 
longer or wider, corolla shorter than 1.8 cm.; flowers 
mostly solitary, occasionally in simple cymes, rarely 
5 to 7-flowered cymes. Sect. Breweria 


General Key to Species of Bonamia 


1. Outer sepals larger than inner sepals, as wide as or wider 
than twice the width of inner sepals and more densely 
tomentose. 74 


1. Outer and inner sepals equal, subequal or slightly un- 
equal (outer sepals 1.5 X inner sepals or narrower). 7 


1968 


Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 137 


Leaves shorter than 4 cm.; flowers solitary or rarely 
in simple cymes, sessile or subsessile, rarely short- 
pedunculate or short-pedicellate. 31. B. pannosa 


Leaves longer than 4.5 cm.; flowers mostly in compound 
cymes, uSually numerous or in capitate cymes, or long- 
pedunculate and/or long-pedicellate. 3 


Pedicels longer than 1 cm. or peduncles 3 cm. or longer; 
inflorescences loose cymes or few-flowered cymes; leaves 
ovate or ovate-cordate. 4 


Pedicels very short, rarely as long as 7 mm.; inflores- 
cences dense capitate, sessile or shortly pedunculate; 
leaves ovate-lanceolate, ovate-elliptic or oblong-ovate. 6 


Bracts foliaceous, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5 mm. or 
longer; pedicels short; peduncles 3 cm. or longer. 
6. B. cordata 


Bracts minute, scale-like, linear or subulate, 2-4 mm. 
long; pedicels longer than 1 cm.; peduncles 2.5 cm. or 
shorter. 5 


Leaves 5-12 cm. by 3-8 cm., cordate or subcordate at the 
base; outer sepals 2 cm. by 1.7 cm.3; styles free almost 
to the ovary. 24. B. kuhlmannii 


Leaves 5.5-7 cm. by 3-4 cm., obtuse or truncate at the 
base; outer sepals 8-12 mm. by 7-10 mm.; styles fused 
at least lower one-third. 25. B. peruviana 


Sepals ferrugineous or tomentose (with short hairs) ; 

outer sepals thick, ovate or ovate-subcordate, obtuse 

at the apex; leaves obtuse or acute at the apex; bracts 
inconspicuous. 21. B. ferruginea 


Sepals long-sericeous or hirsute (with long hairs) ; 

outer sepals thin and somewhat foliaceous (with dis- 

tinct venation), ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at 

the apex; leaves acute or acuminate at the apex; bracts 

1 cm. long. 5. B. mossambicensis 


Sepals consistently (both outer and inner) acute or 
acuminate at the apex; if obtuse then 10 mm. or longer. 8 


Sepals (at least the inner or the outer) obtuse, rounded, 
obtuse-mucronate or emarginate. 29 


Flowers in dense clusters, capitate or dense umbellate 
cymes, mostly sessile, subsessile or rarely shortly 
pedicellate. 9 


138 


10. 


10. 


11. 


11. 


aly 


12. 


13. 


13. 


14. 


14. 


15. 


15. 


Poh: FT. 0 b. 0. Grdck Vol. 17, no. 3 
Flowers solitary or in axillary loose cymes of 3-7; if 
more, pedicels or peduncles 2 cm. or longer. 1] 
Leaves elliptic, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 4 cm. or 


shorter, 2 cm. or narrower, long-mucronate at the apex, 
dense lanate on the surface; corolla 1 cm. or shorter. 


23. B. sphaerocephala 


Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, longer 
than 4 cm. or wider than 2 cm., attenuate at the apex, 
sericeous, hirsute or glabrate on the surface; corolla 
longer than 1.5 cm. 10 


Sepals hirsute with long hairs, unequal; corolla blue; 
bracts pilose or hirsute with long hairs. 
5. B. mossambicensis 


Sepals pubescent with short hairs, equal or subequal; 
corolla white; bracts puberulous, finely sericeous or 
nearly glabrous. 18. B. holtii 


Pedicels or peduncles or the two together as long as 
1 cm. or longer consistently. 12 


Pedicels or peduncles or the two together shorter than 
lcm. (at least a few of them). 23 


Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, usually shorter than 
1.5 X width, tomentose, villous, densely sericeous or 
ferrugineous, mostly 12 mm. or shorter, rarely longer. 13 


Sepals lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, usually as long 
as 1.5 X width or longer, glabrous or puberulous, mostly 
12 mm. or longer, rarely slightly shorter. 19 


Sepals 7-12 mm. wide, densely villous or ferrugineous. 14 


Sepals 4-6 mm. wide, softly pubescent, tomentose, 
sericeous or nearly glabrous. 18 


Leaves linear-lanceolate, 10 mm. or narrower, with 
length-width ratio of 2.5 or higher; corolla blue. 
15. B. multicaulis 


Leaves ovate, cordate, elliptic, oblong-elliptic or 
rotund, wider than 10 mm. and/or with length-width 
ratio of 2 or lower; if higher, corolla white. 15 


Leaves cordate at the base, 4 cm. or wider; peduncles 3 
cm. or longer. 16 


Leaves rounded, obtuse or rarely subcordate at the base, 
3 cm. or narrower; peduncles shorter than 3 cm. a 


1968 
16. 


16. 


ILv/E 


17. 


18. 


18. 


19, 


19. 


20. 


20. 


21. 


21. 


Pie 


Miyint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 139 

Corolla white or yellowish white, with slightly lobu- 
late limb; flowers mostly in simple or compound cymes. 

7. B. semidigyna 
Corolla red or pink, with entire or subentire limb; 
flowers mostly solitary, rarely in simple cymes. 

41. B. abscissa 
Leaves ovate or orbicular, 2.5 cm. or shorter; corolla 
blue, 3 cm. or longer; stem 1 m. or shorter, procumbent 
or suberect. 14. B. ovalifolia 
Leaves oblong-elliptic, elliptic, oblong-lanceolate or 
rarely rotund, mostly longer than 2.5 cm.; corolla white 
or yellowish, 2.5 cm. or shorter; stem longer than 1 m., 
scandent or twining, rarely prostrate. 10. B. menziesii 
Leaves 4 cm. or shorter, 1.8 cm. or narrower, acute or 


attenuate at the base; flowers solitary or in simple 
cymes, never in dense clusters; stem 1 m. or shorter. 
16. B. sericea 


Leaves longer than 4 cm., 2 cm. or wider, obtuse or 

truncate at the base; flowers in dense clusters (com- 

posed of numerous simple or compound cymes); stem 

longer than 1 cm. 4. B. thunbergiana 


Styles free for no more than one-third of length; stigma 
capitate or peltate; leaves, subtending flowers, nar- 

rowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, with length-width ratio 
of 2 or higher. 8. B. elegans 


Styles free to the middle or lower; stigma globose or sub- 
globose; leaves, subtending flowers, ovate or elliptic, 
with length-width ratio of 1.8 or less. 20 


Corolla shorter than 2.5 cm., 2.3 cm. or narrower at the 
limb. 13. B. sulphurea 


Corolla 3 cm. or longer, wider than 2.5 cm. at the limb. 21 


Flowers in simple or compound cymes; pedicels as long as 
lcm. or longer; leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 3.5- 
6 cm. by 2.5-4 cm. 12. B. elliptica 


Flowers solitary or in simple cymes of 2 or 33; pedicels 
shorter than 1 cm.; leaves ovate, rotund or ovate-sub- 
cordate, 2-3 cm. by 1.7-2.5 cm; if larger, long-mucronate 

at the apex. 22 


Leaves ovate or ovate-subcordate, widest near the base, 
with long mucros; petioles 5 mm. or longer; stem slender, 
shorter than 2 m. 9. B. dietrichiana 


22. 


23. 


23. 


24. 


24. 


25. 


25. 


26. 


26. 


27. 


7AHle 


28. 


28. 


29. 


29. 


PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 


Leaves orbicular or ovate-orbicular, widest at the 
middle; mucros, if present, very minute; petioles 1-4 
mm.; stem mostly 2 m. or longer. ll. B. grandiflora 


Corolla 3 cm. or longer; sepals wider than 5 mm. 
15. B. multicaulis 


Corolla shorter than 2 cm.; sepals narrower than 5 mm. 24 


Leaves orbicular; corolla red, pink or white; stem 
erect or suberect. 30. B. rosea 


Leaves linear, oblong, linear-oblong, ovate, elliptic 
or rarely somewhat orbicular; corolla white or blue; 
stem prostrate or twining; if erect, leaves elliptic. 25 


Leaves cordate at the base, acute at the apex, with 
length-width ratio 1 or close to l. 28. B. brevifolia 


Leaves obtuse, acute, truncate or subcordate at the base, 
obtuse, acute or emarginate at the apex, with length- 

width ratio more than 1; if 1 or close to 1, emarginate 

or obtuse at the apex. 26 


Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate or narrow-oblong, 
usually 5 mm. or narrower. AS | 


Leaves ovate, ovate-oblong, obovate, elliptic, usually 
wider than 5 mm. 28 


Leaves narrow-oblong, rounded at both ends, sessile or 
subsessile, densely sericeous or villous. 


27. B. oblongifolia 


Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, obtuse or at- 
tenuate at the base, obtuse or acute at the apex; petiolate, 
sparsely or rarely densely sericeous. 26. B. linearis 


Leaves elliptic, 2.5-4.5 (5.5) cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. broad; 
stem erect or suberect; sepals spathulate. 32. B. velutina 


Leaves ovate, ovate-oblong, rarely elliptic, 1-2.3 cm. 
long, rarely longer, 8-15 mm. wide; stem prostrate or 
climbing; sepals ovate or ovate-acuminate. 29. B. media 


Sepals glabrous or merely ciliate at the margin, rarely 
sparsely pubescent; leaves glabrous or sparsely pubescent. 30 


Sepals, at least inner sepals, pubescent, tomentose or 
sericeous; leaves tomentose, sericeous or villous at 
least on the lower surface, rarely glabrate. 32 


1968 


30. 


30. 


31. 


31. 


owe 


32. 


33. 


33. 


34, 


34. 


35. 


35. 


36. 


Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 141 


Leaves oblong or oblong-elliptic; inflorescences umbel- 
late cymes of 5 or more flowers. 22. B. umbellata 


Leaves ovate or ovate-cordate; flowers solitary or 
in simple cymes of 2 or 3. 31 


Stem longer than 1 m., twining or scandent; styles 
fused to the middle or higher; leaves glabrous, at- 
tenuate or acute at the apex. 34. B. balansae 


Stem 70 cm. or shorter, erect or suberect; styles 
free nearly to the base; leaves with scattered hairs, 
obtuse or truncate and mucronate at the apex. 
35. B. corumbaensis 


Corolla distinctly lobed; stamens exserted; leaves 
with very distinct minor venations, undulate at the 
margin. 1. B. alternifolia 


Corolla entire, subentire or merely lobulate or angu- 
lar; stamens inserted; minor veins, except intercostal 
veins, scarcely distinct. 33 


Leaves narrowly elliptic, narrowly oblong or oblong- 
elliptic, narrower than 2 cm.; if wider, length-width 
ratio 1.5 or more and acute or attenuate at the base. 34 


Leaves ovate, ovate-cordate, broadly elliptic, oblong- 

ovate or oblong-cordate, 2 cm. or wider; if narrower, 
length-width ratio less than 1.5 and obtuse, truncate or 
subcordate at the base. 35 


Sepals 2-3 mm. long; corolla white, 1.8 cm. long or 
shorter; leaves with scattered hairs or nearly glabrous, 
obtuse or truncate at the base. 3. B. densiflora 


Sepals 4-6 (8) mm. long; corolla blue, 2 cm. or longer, 
rarely shorter; leaves distinctly pubescent at least on 
the lower surface, acute or cuneate at the base. 


2. B. spectabilis 


Individual flowers sessile or subsessile, occasionally 
with pedicels up to 1-2 (3) mm. long; peduncles of 
individual cymes absent. 36 


Individual flowers pedicellate or solitary and peduncu- 
late, with pedicels 3 mm. or longer; if shorter, pedun- 
cles present. 38 


Corolla 1.2 cm. or shorter; leaves glabrous above. 
20. B. brevipedicellata 


142 


36. 


40. 


40. 


Al. 


4). 


42. 


42. 


43. 


43. 


44, 


44, 


PxBe Vel 10 BOcGvEva Vol. 17, no. 3 
Corolla 1.5 cm. or longer; leaves sericeous or tomen- 
tose above. 37 
Corolla white. 39. B. subsessilis 


Corolla purple, violet or with purple eye. 
40. B. mattogrossensis 


Stem 1 m. or shorter; if longer, leaves 3.5 cm. or 
shorter and rounded or obtuse at the apex. 39 


Stem mostly longer than 1.5 m. 40 


Stem erect or suberect, 30-60 cm. long; leaves sparsely 
pubescent or becoming glabrous. 35. B. corumbaensis 


Stem slender, prostrate, procumbent or climbing, longer 
than 70 cm.; leaves densely sericeous or villous. 
17. B. boliviana 


Flowers solitary, rarely in simple cymes. 


43. B. langsdorffii 


Flowers in simple or compound cymes, pseudopanicles 
or racemose panicles. 41 


Leaves glabrous on the upper surface, rarely with 
scattered hairs. 42 


Leaves sericeous or tomentose on the upper surface. 45 


Corolla 1.2 cm. or shorter; flowers in dense capitate 
clusters; styles shorter than 1 cm. 20. B. brevipedicellata 


Corolla 1.5 cm. or longer; flowers in loose cymes, 
panicles or pseudopanicles. 43 


Pedicels 1 cm. or longer; inner sepals rounded at 
the apex; outer sepals uniformly appressed sericeous. 


19. B. maripoides 


Pedicels shorter than 1 cm.; inner sepals truncate or 
slightly emarginate at the apex; outer sepals tomentose 
or glabrate. - ae 


Leaves with veins distinctly impressed above; inter- 
costal veins prominent at least on the lower surface; 
leaves mostly elliptic, 9 cm. or longer. 33. B. agrostopolis 


Veins not impressed on the upper surface; intercostal 
veins obscure, if distinct not impressed; leaves mostly 
ovate, if oblong or elliptic, blades 8 cm. or shorter. 

33. B. trichantha 


1968 lint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 143 


45. Leaves obtuse, rounded or truncate at the base; acuminate 
or acute, rarely obtuse. at the apex. 46 


45. Leaves subcordate or rarely truncate at the base; ob- 
tuse, rounded or slightly emarginate at the apex. 
38. B. tomentosa 


46. Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 9 cm. or longer, 
sparsely pubescent or glabrescent above; ovary glabrous. 


36. B. agrostopolis 


46. Leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, shorter than 8 cm., 
densely tomentose or sericeous, rarely sparsely so on 
the upper surface; ovary pilose at least at the apex. 
37. B. burchellii 


Regional Keys 


The following regional keys are given as supplementary to the 
general key because the identification of a specimen belonging to 
Bonamia is much simplified if the geographical source is known. 


Key to the African and Asian Species 


1. Outer sepals distinctly larger than inner sepals or with 
indumentum of dense, long, spreading hairs (drying golden 
brown); bracts mostly foliaceous. 2 


1. Outer and inner sepals equal, subequal or slightly un- 
equal; bracts mostly small, occasionally foliaceous 


(as in B. semidigyna) 3 


2. Sepals, at least outer ones, obtuse, with short appressed 
hairs; leaves cordate or ovate-cordate; peduncles long, 
mostly 1 to 7-flowered; corolla white. 6. B. cordata 


2. Sepals acuminate or acute, with long spreading hairs; 
leaves elliptic-lanceolate to oblong-ovate; peduncles 
short, multi-florous; corolla blue. 5. B. mossambicensis 


3. Sepals, both outer and inner, consistently acute or 
acuminate at the apex. 4 


3. Sepals obtuse or rounded, rarely broadly acute, at the 
apex. 8 


4. Peduncles 3 cm. or longer, rarely slightly shorter; 
leaves cordate or ovate-cordate, usually long-attenuate 
at the apex, 4 cm. or wider. 5 


cs 


Poe E. TsO DOSS Vol. 17, no. 3 


Peduncles shorter than 2 cm.; leaves elliptic, ovate- 
elliptic, oblong-elliptic or oblong, rarely slightly cordate 
at the base, obtuse, acute or acuminate at the apex, 

narrower than 3.5 cm. 6 


Corolla white or yellowish white, with slightly lobulate 
limb; flowers mostly in simple or compound cymes. 


7. B. semidigyna 


Corolla red or pink, with entire or subentire limb; 
flowers mostly solitary, rarely in simple cymes. 
41. B. abscissa 


Flowers in cymes of few to several, usually forming 
secund dense clusters; leaves glabrous or sparsely 
pubescent on the upper surface. 4. B. thunbergiana 


Flowers solitary or in cymes of two or three; leaves 
densely velutinous or pilose on both surfaces. 7 


Corolla blue, longer than 2.5 cm.; sepals longer than 
10 mm.; stems long, climbing or prostrate, weak. 


8. B. elegans 


Corolla white, shorter than 2 cm.; sepals shorter than 
10 mm.; stems short, erect. 32. B. _velutina 


Stamens exserted; corolla distinctly lobed; leaves 

undulate at the margin, strongly nerved, shortly 

petiolate or subsessile, with length-width ratio less 

than 2. 1. B. alternifolia 


Stamens inserted; corolla subentire or merely sub- 

lobulate; leaves entire at the margin, with indistinct 

minor venation, distinctly petiolate, with length-width 

ratio 2 or more. 9 


Sepals orbicular or ovate-orbicular, 3.5 mm. or shorter, 
sparsely pubescent or glabrescent; leaves sparsely 

pubescent or becoming glabrous, obtuse, rounded or 

truncate at the base; corolla white. 3. B. densiflora 


Sepals ovate or oblong-ovate, 4.5 mm. or longer, densely 
sericeous; leaves mostly sericeous, rarely becoming glab- 
rous, cuneate, subcuneate or acute at the base; corolla 

blue or bluish white. 2. B. spectabilis 


Key to the Australian Species 
Outer sepals obtuse, large, as wide as or wider than twice 


the width of inner sepals; third (or in-out) sepal 
oblique. 31. B. pannosa 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 145 


1. 


Outer and inner sepals equal, subequal or slightly un- 
equal; third (or in-out) sepal symmetrical. 2 


Corolla large, longer than 2.5 cm.; leaves mostly 3 cm. 
or longer, rarely shorter, 2 cm. or wider, mucronate at 
the apex. 9. B. dietrichiana 


Corolla small, 2 cm. or shorter; leaves 2.5 cm. or shorter, 

if longer, blades linear or oblong and narrower than 1.5 

cm., acute, obtuse or emarginate at the apex, if mucronate, 
mucro minute, shorter than 1 mm. 3 


Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate or narrow-oblong, usually 
5 mm. or narrower; length-width ratio mostly 3 or more. 4 


Leaves orbicular, ovate, ovate-elliptic, oblong-ovate 
or ovate-cordate, with length-width ratio less than 2.5. 5 


Leaves linear, acute or acuminate at both ends, rarely 
rounded at the base, with length-width ratio of 4 or 
more; petioles 1-4 mm. long. 26. B. linearis 


Leaves oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse or rounded at both 
ends, with length-width ratio less than 4; petioles 


O-1 mm. long. 27. B. oblongifolia 


Plant erect or suberect; leaves orbicular, rarely broadly 
ovate, emarginate, rounded or obtuse at the apex; sepals 
densely long-haired; corolla rose, pink or rarely white. 

30. B. rosea 


Plant prostrate or procumbent; leaves ovate, ovate-ellip- 

tic or ovate-subcordate, acute or obtuse, rarely emarginate 

at the apex; sepals finely pubescent or villous; corolla 

white or blue. 6 


Leaves cordate at the base and acute at the apex. 
28. B. brevifolia 


Leaves rounded, obtuse or subcordate at the base, ob- 
tuse or emarginate at the apex; if acute then base not 
cordate. 29. B. media 


Key to the American and Hawaiian Species 


Outer sepals twice the width of inner sepals or wider, obtuse 
or rounded in contrast to inner acute or acuminate sepals. 2 


Outer and inner sepals equal, subequal or slightly un- 
equal, acute, obtuse or acuminate at the apex, rarely 
slightly different. 4 


146 


PetieZol'O, beOcGvE Sh Vol. 17, no. 3 


Pedicels longer than 1 cm.; inflorescences loose cymes 
of 3-7 flowers, rarely more than 7 flowers; peduncles 
long; secondary peduncles longer than 1 cm. 3 


Pedicels very short, rarely as long as 7 mm.; inflores- 
cences dense capitate clusters of more than 10 flowers; 
peduncles short; secondary peduncles absent. 


21. B. ferruginea 


Leaves 5-12 cm. by 3-8 cm., cordate or subcordate at the 
base; outer sepals 2 cm. by 1.7 cm.3; styles free almost 
to the ovary. 24. B. kuhlmannii 


Leaves 5.5-7 cm. by 3-4 cm., obtuse or truncate at the 
base; outer sepals 8-12 mm. by 7-10 mm.; styles fused 
at least lower one-third or half. 25. B. peruviana 


Sepals consistently, both outer and inner, acute or 
acuminate at the apex. 5 


Sepals obtuse, rounded or slightly emarginate at the apex. 13 


Flowers in dense capitate or umbellate cymes; individual 
flowers sessile, rarely shortly pedicellate. 6 


Flowers solitary or loose cymes of 3-7; individual 
flowers pedicellate. 7 


Leaves elliptic, oblong-elliptic, 4 cm. or shorter, 2 cm. 
or narrower, obtuse-mucronate or acute-mucronate at the 
apex, lanate at least on the lower surface; corolla 
shorter than 1.5 cm.; inflorescence a dense terminal 


head. 23. B. sphaerocephala 


Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, longer than 4 cm. or 

wider than 2.5 cm.; acuminate or acute at the apex, glabrous 
or puberulous; corolla 1.8 cm. or longer; inflorescence 
axillary. 18. B. holtii 


Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate, narrowly elliptic or 
narrowly oval-elliptic, with length-width ratio of 2 or 

more, usually narrower than 1.5 cm., rarely slightly 

wider. 8 


Leaves ovate, broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic, with 
length-width ratio of less than 2; if 2 or more, stem long- 
er than 1 m., usually wider than 1.5 cm.; if narrower then 
ovate or orbicular. 9 


Corolla blue or purplish blue, 3 cm. or longer; sepals 7 
mm. or wider, densely villous, velutinous or tomentose; 
leaves densely velutinous. 15. B. multicaulis 


1968 
8. 


10. 


10. 


11. 


ii. 


12. 


12. 


13. 


13. 


14. 


14. 


15. 


Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 147 


Corolla white, shorter than 3 cm.3; sepals 6 mm. or nar- 
rower, finely or densely sericeous; leaves sericeous. 
16. B. sericea 


Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, with length-width 
ratio of 1.5 or less, usually 11 mm. or shorter, 
densely tomentose, velutinous or villous. 10 


Sepals lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, with length- 
width ratio of more than 1.5, glabrous, puberulous or 
finely sericeous. aly! 


Corolla blue, 3 cm. or longer; leaves ovate or orbicu- 
lar, 2.5 cm. or shorter; stem 1 m. or shorter, pro- 
cumbent or suberect. 14. B. ovalifolia 


Corolla white or yellowish, 2.5 cm. or shorter; leaves 
elliptic, oblong-elliptic, oblong-lanceolate or rarely 

ovate or orbicular; stem longer than 1 m., scandent 

or twining. 10. B. menziesii 


Corolla shorter than 2.5 cm., 2.3 cm. or narrower at 


the limb. 13. B. sulphurea 
Corolla 3 cm. or longer, wider than 2.5 cm at the limb. a2 


Flowers in simple or compound cymes; pedicels 1 cm. or 
longer; leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 3.5 cm. or 


longer. 12. B. elliptica 


Flowers solitary or rarely in simple cymes; pedicels 
shorter than 1 cm.; leaves ovate or ovate-orbicular, 
3 cm. or shorter. ll. B. grandiflora 


Sepals glabrous or merely ciliate at the margin, rarely 
sparsely pubescent; leaves glabrous or sparsely pubescent. 14 


Sepals, at least inner sepals, tomentose, sericeous or 
ferrugineous, rarely glabrescent; leaves tomentose, sericeous 
or villous at least on the lower surface, rarely glabrate. 16 


Leaves oblong or oblong-elliptic; inflorescences um- 
bellate cymes of 5 or more flowers, rarely 3 flowers. 
22. B. umbellata 


Leaves ovate or ovate-subcordate; flowers solitary or 
in simple cymes of 2 or 3. 15 


Stem longer than 1 m., twining or scandent; styles 
fused to the middle or higher; leaves glabrous, 
attenuate or acute at the apex. 34. B. balansae 


148 
15. 


16. 


16. 


17. 


17. 


18. 


18. 


19. 


19. 


20. 


20. 


21. 


21. 


22. 


22. 


23. 


23% 


Pehuves 20° DeOrGrris: Vol. 17, no. 3 


Stem 70 cm. or shorter, erect or suberect; styles free 
nearly to the base; leaves with scattered hairs, obtuse 
or truncate and mucronate at the apex. 35. B. corumbaensis 


Individual flowers sessile or subsessile, occasionally 
with pedicels up to 1-2 (3) mm. long; peduncles of 
individual cymes absent. 17 


Individual flowers pedicellate or solitary and pedun- 
culate, with pedicels 3 mm. or longer; if shorter, indivi- 
dual cymes or flowers pedunculate. 19 


Corolla 1.2 cm. or shorter; leaves glabrous above. 


20. B. brevipedicellata 


Corolla 1.5 cm. or longer; leaves sericeous or tomen- 


tose above. 18 
Corolla white. 39. B. subsessilis 


Corolla purple, violet or with purple eye. 
40. B. mattogrossensis 


Stem 1 m. or shorter; if longer, leaves 3.5 cm. 
or shorter, rounded or obtuse at the apex. 20 


Stem mostly longer than 1.5 m.; if shorter, leaves 
acute or acuminate at the apex. yal 


Stem erect or suberect, 30-60 cm. long; leaves sparsely 
pubescent or becoming glabrous. 35. B. corumbaensis 


Stem slender, prostrate or climbing, usually longer 
than 70 cm.; leaves densely sericeous or villous. 
17. B. boliviana 


Flowers solitary, rarely in simple cymes. 


43. B. langsdorffii 


Flowers in simple or compound cymes, pseudo- 
panicles or racemose panicles. Pape 


Leaves glabrous on the upper surface, rarely with 
scattered hairs. 23 


Leaves sericeous or tomentose on the upper surface. 26 


Corolla 1.2 cm. or longer; flowers in dense capitate 
clusters; styles shorter than 1 cm. 20. B. brevipedicellata 


Corolla 1.5 cm. or longer; flowers in loose cymes, 
panicles or pseudopanicles. 24 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 149 


24. Pedicels 1 cm. or longer; inner sepals rounded at 
the apex; outer sepals uniformly appressed 
sericeous. 19. B. maripoides 


24. Pedicels shorter than 1 cm.; inner sepals truncate 
or slightly emarginate, rarely rounded at the apex; 
outer sepals tomentose or glabrate. 25 


25. Veins distinctly impressed on the upper surface; 
intercostal veins prominent at least on the lower 
surface; leaves mostly elliptic, 9 cm. or longer, 
acute or obtuse at the base. 36. B. agrostopolis 


25. Veins not impressed on the upper surface; inter- 
costal veins obscure; leaves mostly ovate; if oblong or 
elliptic, blades 8 cm. or shorter, rounded, obtuse 
or subcordate at the base. 33. B. trichantha 


26. Leaves subcordate or rarely truncate at the base; 
obtuse, rounded or slightly emarginate at the apex. 
38. B. tomentosa 


26. Leaves obtuse, rounded or truncate at the base; 
acuminate or acute, rarely obtuse at the apex. 27 


27. Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 9 cm. or longer, 
sparsely pubescent or glabrescent above; ovary 


glabrous. 36. B. agrostopolis 


27. Leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, shorter than 8 cm., 
densely tomentose or sericeous, rarely sparsely so 
on the upper surface; ovary pilose at least at the 
apex. 37. B. burchellii 


I. Section: Bonamia 


Stems woody or becoming woody, occasionally slender, twining, 
scandent, prostrate, procumbent or suberect, commonly long, rarely 
slightly shorter than 1 m., occasionally attaining several meters 
long. Leaves petiolate or shortly petiolate, soft, herbaceous, 
subcoriaceous or somewhat leathery, rarely thin; blades mostly 
elliptic, elliptic-oblong, ovate, cordate or rarely lanceolate 
or oblong, usually large, 2.5 cm. or longer, 1 cm. or wider, rare- 
ly slightly short or slightly narrower, rounded, truncate, sub- 
cordate or cordate, rarely slightly attenuate at the base, acumi- 
nate, obtuse or acute at the apex. Flowers solitary or in cymes 
of few to several flowers, in cymose panicles or in capitate or 
dense clusters, usually pedunculate; individual flowers distinctly 
pedicellate; pedicels short or up to 2 cm. long; bracts small or 
foliaceous. Sepals subcoriaceous or coriaceous, equal or unequal, 
often large, ovate, lanceolate, oblong-ovate or ovate-acuminate, 


150 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 


acute or obtuse, occasionally short-acuminate at the apex. Corolla 
blue, purplish blue, white or red, usually large, 2 cm. or long- 
er, sometimes slightly shorter, subentire, lobulate or lobed at 

the margin. Stamens included or partially exserted; filaments 
sparsely or densely long-villous or pilose, often glabrous or near- 
ly glabrous; anthers 2 mm. or longer, sagittate or cordate at the 
base. Ovary ovoid or ovoid-conical, long pilose or glabrous; 
styles free nearly to the base or fused to the middle or higher 
with a single vascular bundle (up to stigma) in each stylar branch; 
stigmas small or large, globose, subglobose, conical or capitate. 
Fruits 4- to 8-valvular capsules, thin-walled, rarely 0.5 mm. 
thick; seeds glabrous, smooth or punctate, brown or black, 3-6 

mm. long, rarely smaller. Cotyledons ovate, ovate-cordate, obo- 
vate or linear-bifid, corrugate, multiplicate or slightly folded. 


Type: B. alternifolia J. St. Hilaire. 


Tropics, subtropics and warm temperate of both hemispheres, 
covering the whole range of the genus, occurring on all continents. 


This section is less homogeneous than the other two sections 
because of inclusion of several species whose morphology is in- 
completely known. Future studies may lead to separating it into 
more than one section or subsection. 


1. Bonamia alternifolia J. St. Hilaire, Expos. Fam. 2:349. 1805. 
Bonamia madagascariensis Poir. Encycl. Meth. Bot. Suppl. 
13677. 1810. 
Bonamia thouarsii Elliot, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 29:35. 
1891. 


Perennial shrubs or woody vines. Stems erect or suberect, 
with weak branches, terete, finely pubescent or villous while 
young, becoming sparsely pubescent or glabrescent in age, 1.5- 
1.8 m. high. Leaves shortly petiolate, coriaceous or subcoriaceous , 
sparsely appressed-pubescent, more densely so while young; 
petioles 2-7 mm. long, brown-villous; blades elliptic, ovate-acumi- 
nate or obovate, 3-7 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, undulate at the mar- 
gin, acute or obtuse at the base, obtuse-acuminate, obtuse or 
acute-mucronate at the apex; midrib prominent, with 3-5 pairs 
of prominent lateral veins; finer veins distinct, clearly visible 
with naked eye, especially on the lower surface. Inflorescence 
commonly congested terminal panicles of numerous flowers or few- 
flowered cymes in axils of upper leaves, shortly pedunculate; 
peduncles short, 5-10 mm. long. villous or finely pubescent; 
pedicels as long as peduncles or slightly longer, brown-villous; 
bracts subulate, 2-4 mm. long or sometimes smaller, deciduous 
or persistent. Sepals orbicular or ovate, coriaceous, villous, 
unequal or subequal; the two exterior smaller, mostly 4.5-5.5 
mm. long, orbicular, slightly emarginate or rounded at the apex; 
the interior longer, 6-7 mm. long, rounded or rarely obtuse at 
the apex. Corolla white, tubular campanulate or funnel-shaped, 
with cylindrical narrow tube and distinctly lobed limb, indup- 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 151 


licate in the bud, 1.4-2 cm. long, pilose on interplicae and 
upper part of tube; corolla lobes 2-3 mm. long, mostly 3 mm. wide, 
rounded or obtuse at the apex. Stamens exserted; filaments ad- 
nate to the corolla tube, glabrous above, with scattered long 
hairs below, distinctly longer than styles; anthers dorsifixed, 
versatile, introrse, oblong, 2.5-3 mm. long. Ovary conical, 
glabrous; styles free to the base, glabrous; stigmas capitate, 
warted or rugose. Capsules with tightly appressed sepals, 
glabrous, slightly woody, ovoid, cuspidate or apiculate, 2- to 
4-seeded, apparently two-valved (really four-valved), somewhat 
woody; seeds glabrous. Cotyledons ovate, folded. 


Type: Madagascar. Type specimen not seen, presemably at 
Paris. 


This species is endemic to Madagascar, where it grows at 
low altitude (Map 1). One collector (Mocquerys 176) noted forest 
as the habitat of this species. It has been collected in flower 
in November. The flowering period otherwise is not definitely 
known. 


Bonamia alternifolia is somewhat related to B. spectabilis 
but differs from it in many features. It is a very recognizable 
species of the genus with the following distinctive characteris- 
tics: (1) strongly nerved leaves with undulate margin, (2) ter- 
minal congested panicles, (3) closely appressed sepals, (4) dis- 
tinctly lobed corolla with narrow limb and long tube, (5) exser- 
ted stamens with versatile anthers, (6) styles free to the 
base, (7) warted or rugose stigmas, (8) somewhat woody capsules 
with slightly appressed sepals, and (9) glabrous seeds. Of 
these several differences from other species in the genus, 
lobed corolla and exserted stamens are most outstanding and were 
paid serious attention by earlier botanists in maintaining it as 
a monotypic genus. Its slightly woody capsules (which dehisce 
into two valves) indicate a slight affinity to the members of 
section Trichantha, but it differs from the latter by its 
glabrous seeds. 


This species is the type species of the genus, first des- 
cribed by Thouars (1805) without a binomial name. In the following 
year J. St. Hilaire published Bonamia alternifolia for the plant 
Thouars had described. Although this binomial was published 
earlier for the species later described as B. madagascariensis 
Poiret (1810), the latter name has replaced it in most recent 
literature. This adoption of the later name is probably owing 
to the fact that St. Hilaire's publication was rare, and since 
the name was included only in the appendix of Index Kewensis, 
it was overlooked. House (1907) first found this overlooked 
name and designated it as the type species of the genus. But 
the compiler of conserved generic names did not note House's desig- 
nation of the type, thus resulting in the citation of B. madagas- 
cariensis as the type species of Bonamia in the International Code. 


152 PhS TOL OG DA Vol. 17, no. 3 


Distribution of 


@® B. alternifolia * B. mossambicensis 
@ 8B. spectabilis % B. velutina 


Map 1 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 153 


B. alternifolia must be reinstated as the correct name for the 
species, and the improper choice of name in the Code should be 
corrected in the future. 


Specimens examined: 

MADAGASCAR: Soanierana, Rivieroever, liana, bl. wit, welrie- 
kend, Lam en Meeuse 5548, 30.11.1938 (L); Maroa, Forets a 1*inter- 
ieur de la baie d'Antongil, Arbre mince, elance, fleurs blanches, 
A. Mocquerys 176, 1897 (G); M. Richard de Bourbon 1966 (G). Un- 
known collector: N. de Madagascar, #367 (L). 


2. Bonamia spectabilis (Choisy) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16:529. 1893. 

Breweria spectabilis Choisy. Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 8:68 
1839. 

Breweria hildebrandtii Vatke, Linnaea 43:523. 1882. 
Type: Hildebrandt 2903 

Bonamia hildebrandtii (Vatke) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 18:91 
1893. 

Bonamia minor Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 18:91. 1893. 
Type: Pogge 1214 

Bonamia minor var. argentea Fries, Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. 
Rhod.--Kongo--Exped. 1:268. 1916. Type: Fries 827 


Perennial, woody, climbing or twining, rarely trailing vines, 
growing all year around. Root thick, woody; stems terete, fre- 
quently ridged, sparsely appressed-pubescent, becoming glabrous in 
age, about 1.5-2.5 mm. in diameter. Leaves petiolate, membranous 
to subcoriaceous, glabrescent and green or silvery pubescent above; 
moderately or densely silky pubescent below; petioles mostly 5-12 
mm. long, slightly winged and canaliculate above, minutely appressed- 
pubescent or becoming glabrous in age; blades elliptic, 1.8-5.5 cm. 
long, occasionally shorter, 6-20 mm. wide, sometimes slightly wider, 
entire at the margin, attenuate or cuneate at the base, acute or 
obtuse and apiculate at the apex, with about 5-8 pairs of lateral 
veins. Inflorescences shortly pedunculate cymes of 2-3 or few 
flowers, aggregated towards the end of branchlets; peduncles and 
pedicels mostly 5-10 mm. long, pubescent or glabrescent; bracts 
small. Sepals oblong-elliptic, 7-8 mm. long, abruptly acute, rare- 
ly obtuse, silky pubescent outside. Corolla blue, funnel-shaped, 
(1.5) 2-2.5 cm. long, silky pilose on interplicae, entire or sub- 
entire. Stamens included; filaments dilated and hairy below; an- 
thers oblong with cordate base. Ovary glabrous; style bifid from 
about the middle or lower; stigmas ellipsoidal, rugulose. Capsule 
globose, about 7 mm. in diameter, shortly apiculate, glabrous. 
Seeds ovate-oblong, compressed on the inner side, 3-4 mm. long, 
brownish or blackish, with hyaline golden wings on edges. Cotyle- 
dons oblong, deeply bifid; cotyledonary petioles fused. 


Type: Madagascar, Bombatok, Bojer (K - lectotype, not avail- 
able; W - isotype!) 


Republic of Congo, Northern Rhodesia, Tanganyika and Madagascar 
(Map 1). 


154 PHI ‘TO L:0.G.2:a Vol. 17, no. 3 


Collectors recorded edge of dense forest, savannah forest on 
steep rockhills, mixed woodlands on sandy slopes, and degraded 
thickets on Kalahari sands at edge of river flats as habitats of 
this species. It has been collected in flower from March through 
December and in fruit from July through December. 


Hallier (1897), after careful study of the Madagascarian species, 
treated B. hildebrandtii as conspecific with B. spectabilis, al- 
though he had accepted them previously (1893) as distinct species. 
He retained B. minor which he described in his earlier work. The 
type specimen of B. minor has not been seen in the present study, 
but a number of sheets which Hallier annotated have been examined. 
Hallier used the glabrous stem as a principal feature to distinguish 
it from B. spectabilis. Examination of sheets annotated by him 
shows pubescence to be consistent only if they are compared with 
Specimens annotated by him as B. spectabilis. If one considers 
the additional collections now available it seems apparent that 
the characteristic which Hallier mentioned falls well within the 
total range of variation of a single species. Verdcourt (1963), 
realizing this fact, remarked, "Hallier unites B. hildebrandtii 
and B. spectabilis but retains B. minor as distinct. B. hilde- 
brandtii is, however, undoubtedly identical with B. minor.....” 


This species is highly polymorphic in several features, 
particularly leaf shape and size (Figure 1), and villosity on 
stem and leaves. Future collections might reveal consistent 
features to account for the infraspecific groups in it. 


Specimens examined: 

REPUBLIC OF CONGO: KATANGA: Kasenga, W. Robyns 1845, 3. IV. 
1926 (K). 

MADAGASCAR: Env. de Majunga, C.D. Alleizette, 30. XI. 1906 
(L); Central Madagascar, R. Baron 4906 (BM); Seandit in sylvis 
juxta Mazangay in Bombatok ora occidentalis ins. Madagas: Flor. 
Aug. 5. Flores in spicam longam congregati Cyanei, Bojer, II. q. 
1830 (W); Nosse-be, J.M. Hildebrandt 2903, April 1879 (BM, L, W); 
Beravi interior: Gebrige, fl. albi, Hildebrandt 3093, July 1879 
(BM, W); Nosifaly 8 (L); Iles Maurice, de Madagascar et Comorres, 
Mac William, Aout-Octobre 1838 (G). 

NORTHERN RHODESIA: Barotse: Sesheke, climbing over small 
shrubs on edge of dense Baikiaea "mutemwa", Longe Forest, N. of 
Machile, climber with bright blue flowers, A. Angus 956, 19. 12. 
1952 (EA); on Kalahari sand in open degraded Baikiaea "mutemwa" 
on edge of Kazu Forest near Machile, suffrutex with woody root- 
stock and numerous small shoots together, flower blue, Angus 983, 
20. 12. 1952 (EA); Abercorn Dist. 2700 ft. B.D. Burtt 6325, 20. 5. 
1936 (BM, EA); Barotseland, Nangweshi, 3400 ft., semiwoody climber 
in mixed woodlands on sandy slopes, blue flowers, L.E. Codd 7156, 
23. 7. 1952 (L); between Pemba and Mazabuka, I.B. Pole Evans 2807, 
11. 7. 30 (K); L. Mweru Dist. common vine scrambling over ever- 
green thicket, blue, showy with paler or white guide lines, D.B. 
Fanshawe F-4653, 6. 8. 1958 (EA); Abercorn Dist., A.H. Gamwell 11 68 
(BM); Abercorn Dist. Alt. 4800 ft., A.H. Gamwell 94, August 1935 


1968 wyint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 155 


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 
9 10 iG 12 13 
15 16 17, 18 
Figure 1 Lg 


Variations in sizes and shapes of leaves in Bonamia spectabilis 


156 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 


(BM); Kafue 35 mi. s. of Lusaka, near Kafue Methodist Mission, 
roadside, climbing over shrubs and on red soils, A.E. King 55, 

11 July 1955 (K); Mpulunga Road 10 mi. from Abercorn, 4000-5000 
ft., herbaceous climber, flowers delicate sky blue, leaves dull 
green, pubescent, R.M. Lawton 208, June 1955 (EA); roadside, 
Kafue River, flower blue, plant mat forming, Leach and Brunton 
9997, 12. 6. 60 (EA); J.D. Martin 196 (K); Abercorn Mpulunga Road, 
not far from Mukoma turning, alt. 4000 ft. on bank and trailing 
over low bushes, in a tangled mass, Mrs. H.M. Richards 5307, 5. 
4. 1955 (EA); Mporokoso Dist., Sumba Malango Road, 900 m. in 
sandy soil on side of road, trailing plant, Mrs. Richards 6264, 
24. 9. 1956 (EA); 26 mi. north of Choma, dry bush by roadside, 
climber rising on shrubs to height of 12 ft., E.A. Robinson 767, 
17. V. 1954 (K); southern prov., Mazabuka Dist., Choma to Lusaka, 
Gt. North Road, mile 34, growing in Pterocarpus angolensis-—Com- 
bretum mechowianum woodland, F. White 2285, 19. III. 1952 (EA); 
Namwala Dist., 20 mi. west of Mamwala Boma, growing in degraded 
thicket on Kalahari sands at edge of Kafue Flats, White 2962, 22. 
VI. 1952’ (EA). 

TANGANYIKA: Mpanda Dist., Masigo, Mulele Hills Forest Reserve, 
alt. 4500 ft., blue flowered creepers in thicket, J. Proctor 2086, 
July 1962 (EA); Ufipa Dist., Kasanga, alt. 840 m., side of road 
in very gritty soils, climbing over low bushes, Mrs. Richards 10093, 
13. 6. 1957 (EA, K); Escarpment above Kasanga, alt. 900 m., climb- 
ing over dense vegetation by twining stems, Mrs. Richards 11001, 
30. 3. 1959 (EA). 


3. Bonamia densiflora (Baker) Hall. f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5:999. 
1879. 
Breweria densiflora Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 25:336. 
1890. 


Perennial twining vines. Stems slender, woody or becoming woody, 
terete, finely striated or smooth, finely pubescent and glabrescent; 
internodes mostly 2-5 cm. Leaves shortly petiolate, soft-subcoria- 
ceous or herbaceous, sericeous with very fine, soft, appressed hairs 
when young, becoming sparsely sericeous or nearly glabrous (except 
on veins) in age; petioles 2-4 mm. long, 0.5 mm. thick, sparsely 
sericeous with soft hairs; blades oblong-elliptic or lanceolate- 
elliptic, 3-4.8 cm. long, 1-1.4 cm. broad, rounded or subtruncate 
at the base, obtuse-mucronate or acute-mucronate at the apex; midrib 
slightly impressed above, distinct beneath, with 6-8 pairs of thin 
lateral veins. Inflorescences axillary, pedunculate, umbellate 
cymes of three to seven flowers or terminal panicles; peduncles 
slender, short, 1-2 cm. long, finely pubescent or becoming sparsely 
so; pedicels slender, 3-6 mm. long, becoming slightly longer in 
fruit-bearing stage, sparsely soft-sericeous; bracts minute, linear, 
0.5-1.5 mm. long. Sepals ovate or ovate-orbicular, rounded or 
Slightly emarginate at the apex, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, soft- 
sericeous outside, slightly unequal; outer two ovate, mostly 3 mn. 
long, 2 mm. broad, and rounded at the apex; inner three orbicular 
or ovate-orbicular, 3-4 mm. long, mostly 3 mm. broad and slightly 
emarginate at the apex, scarious at the margin. Corolla white, 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 157 


shortly tubular-campanulate or funnel-shaped, 1.2-1.8 cm. long, 
densely soft-pilose on interplicae. Stamens inserted; filaments 
filiform and glabrous above, dilated and villous below; anthers 
oblong, 1.5-2 mm. long, sagittate at the base. Ovary ovoid-conical, 
with distinct circular disc at the base, glabrous; styles filiform, 
glabrous, bifid for upper one-third or one-fourth; stigmas small, 
capitate. Capsules globose-subacute, 4-6 mm. long, apiculate, 
glabrous, 2- to 4-seeded, 4 valvular; seeds ovate-oblong, 3 mm. 
long, black or dark brown. Cotyledons deeply bifid; cotyledonary 
petioles short. 


Type: Madagascar, R. Baron 5868 (K-not seen). 
Known only from Madagascar. 


Collectors give no definite location nor habitat. It was 
collected only a few times during the last century, and no recent 
collection is available for the present study. The species is 
poorly known, and the above description is mainly based on a 
single specimen and the original description by Baker. 


The outstanding features of this species are (1) slender and 
sparsely sericeous stem, (2) softly sericeous and glabrescent 
leaves, thin in texture, (3) ovate-orbicular or orbicular and 
small sepals and (4) smaller corolla. It is a close relative of 
B. spectabilis from which it can be distinguished by its finely 
sericeous and glabrescent leaves, smaller sepals and shorter 
corolla. When a larger number of specimens of this species, show- 
ing more completely the variations to be found in it, is avail- 
able in the future, its separation from B. spectabilis might be 
reconsidered. 


Specimen examined: 
MADAGASCAR: "N. de Madagascar, No. 213" unknown collector (L). 


4. Bonamia thunbergiana (Roem. et Schult.) Williams, Bull. Herb. 

Boiss: Serena) 2371.5 90 72 

Convolvulus Thunbergianus Roem. et Schult., Syst. Veg. IV: 
884. 1819. 

Convolvulus cymosus Thunberg ex Roem. et Schult., Syst. Veg. 
1V:303. 1819; not C. cymosus Desr. in Lamarck Encycl. 
Meth. III: 556. 1792. 

Bonamia cymosa (Roem. et Schult.) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 18: 
91. 1893. 

Convolvulus senegambiae Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1:610. 1825. 

Ipomoea senegambiae Choisy, in DC Prodr. 9:35]. 1845. 

Ipomoea secunda Don, Gen. Syst. IV:282. 1838. 

Breweria secunda Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. 470. 1849. 


Perennial, woody climber reaching 4 m. long. Stems twining, 
terete, 1.5-4 mm. thick, pubescent with brown hairs, densely so 
while young, becoming glabrous in age. Leaves petiolate, sub- 
coriaceous or membranous, green and glabrous or rarely thinly 


158 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 


puberulous above, densely pubescent with golden brown hairs be- 
neath; petioles mostly 5-13 mm. long, 1 (-1.5) mm. thick, pubes- 
cent; blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, about 2.5-8.5 cm. long, 
1.5-3.5 cm. broad, entire at the margin, rounded at the base, ob- 
tuse-mucronulate, rarely acute or acuminate at the apex; nerves 
sunken above, prominent beneath; lateral nerves about 6-10 pairs. 
Inflorescences dense cymes of many flowers, usually secund on 
short peduncles or congested into a terminal panicle; peduncles 
5-15 mm., tomentose; pedicels 5-10 mm, tomentose; bracts minute, 
lanceolate. Sepals oblong-lanceolate to ovate, acuminate or 
acute at the apex, about 6-8 mm. long, the inner slightly shorter, 
coriaceous to glumaceous, densely silky tomentose on the back. 
Corolla white, 1.6-2 cm. long, obscurely lobed or subentire; out- 
side pilose or hirsute on the interplicae, glabrous on the piicae. 
Stamens included; filaments unequal, filiform, widening toward 
the base, glabrous above, pilose along the edge near the base; 
anthers oblong, cordate at the base. Ovary ovoid, with a disc 

at the base, pilose near the apex; style bifid above the middle, 
with scattered long hairs; stigmas conical, rugose. Capsule 
ovoid, 8-valved, 4-seeded, rarely less, apiculate, glabrous, 
about 5-8 mm. long; seeds black, ovate-oblong, glabrous. 


Type: Sierra Leone. 


Coastal districts of tropical west Africa, from Gambia, French 
Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Gold Coast, Nigeria, 
Cameroun and the western part of Congo Republic (?) (Map 2). 


It has been collected in flower from November to May and in 
fruit from December to April. 


Hallier in his Convolvulaceae of Africa and monograph of the 
genus, used the specific epithet cymosa, since he had overlooked 
Roemer and Schultes' correction of cymosus to thunbergianus in 
the errata at the end of the volume. As pointed out by Williams 
(1907), the epithet cymosus is illegitimate since it is pre- 
occupied by C. cymosus of Desrousseaux. The species was first 
collected by Thunberg in Sierra Leone and was named in his honor. 


Specimens examined: 

CAMEROUN: Gross-Batanga, M. Dinklage 684, Ende Juni 1890 (HBG); 
Dinklage 684, 16. XI. 1890 (HBG); Bipende, Urwaldgebiet, G. Zenker 
4112, 1911 (BM). 

FRENCH GUINEA: Kouakry, Boue 38, II. 1910 (G); Mamou, G. 
Roberty 10600, 9. 2. 1948 (G). 

FRENCH WEST AFRICA: Adiopodoume N (B. 30. 8. Df.), Robe 
15655, 24. 11. 1954 (GC); U Zo, NW. (B. 29. 22. Bd.), Roberty 16076, 
17., 12%! 1954: (Ce): 

IVORY COAST: Mau, Roberty 6737, 26. 12. 1946 (G); Basse cote 
d'Ivoire, secteur cotier, boisements perilagunaires, Dabou, Roberty 
13626, 1950-51 (G). 

LIBERIA: Along Dukwia R., vine with white flowers, common name 
Doo, G.P. Cooper 220, 1929 (F, NY, US); Monrovia, Max Dinklage 2148, 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 159 


Distribution of B. thunbergiana aie ft 


% Based on specimens seen in the - Sana aA 
present study *n ay. 


© Based on records in Hutchinson 
and Dalziel's Flora of West ? ) 


Tropical Africa (1931) ¥. 0 Oe ae 


160 Policy TsO sh Olest A Vol. 17, no. 3 


1903-04 and 2399, 9 Jaunar. 1909 (B); 3 mi. north-east of Suacoco, 
Gbarnga, central prov., thicket, gravelly soil, vine 9 ft. tall, 
V.P. Konneh 125, Feb. 17, 1951 (MO); within a radius of 20 mi. 
from Kakatown, A. Whyte, April 1904 (BM, W). 

NIGERIA: Baikie's Nigeria Expedition (Lagos), C. Barter 
2227, 1857-59 (GH); main road from Oron to Eket--28 mi., mostly 
farm clearing, Eket Dist., southern Nigeria, P.A. Talbot, 1912- 

13 (BM); white, tinted palest mauve at edge of corolla, Oban, 
P.A. Talbot 88A (=1535), 1909 (BM). 

SIERRA LEONE: Afzelius (BM); R.H. Bunting, 1913-14 (BM) ; 
Njala, Allison v. Armour Expedition 1926-27, J.M. Dalziel 8048, 
20. 1. 27 (US); Makump, roadside and old farms, creeper with 
white flowers, Temne--"Rakil," R.R. Glanville 108, 9. 12. 1928 
(K); Mamansu, V. Marmo 145, 30. 11. 1958 (K); bush near Regent, 
Mahera, Kitchom, G.F. Scott-Elliot 3930, Dec. 6. (BM, GH); Scott- 
Elliot 5835, March 4, 1892 (BM); climbing over bushes near Madina, 
Scott-Elliot 5865 (BM); Smeatman (BM); Rornks, alt. 200 ft., 

N.W. Thomas 5780, 24. 11. 1914 (EA); Magvile, alt. 100 ft., Thomas 
6385, Dec. 8, 1915 (BM); Thomas 6604, 1915 (B), 6818, Dec. 23 - 
Jan. 2, 1914-15 (B), 6860, 1915 (B) , 705%. Dees (3115, 1914 (B), 
8513, 1915 (W). 

(?) CONGO REPUBLIC: oubangui, Reg. de Tanga, Herb. de C. 
d'Alleizette, May 1920 (L). 


5. Bonamia mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 18:91. 
1893. 
Prevostea mossambicensis Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 
Bot. 1:244, t. 39. 1861. 
Breweria buddleoides Baker, Kew Bull. 1894:69. 1894. 


Perennial, shrubby climbers to 4-5 m. Stems terete, velvety 
with patent and tangled hairs, white or grey in life, golden-brown 
when dry. Leaves shortly petiolate, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, 
velvety pubescent, more densely so beneath; petioles 4-10 mm. long, 
velvety pubescent with hairs similar to those on the stems, blades 
elliptic lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 2.5-8.5 cm. long, 1-4.8 cm. 
wide, rounded or slightly cordate at the base; acute, acute-mucron- 
ulate, acuminate or apiculate at the apex; veins distinctly de- 
pressed above, prominent below; about 6-10 pairs of lateral veins. 
Inflorescences capitate, bracteate, densely hirsute, shortly pedun- 
culate or nearly sessile; peduncles up to 3.2 cm. long; pedicels 
almost absent; bracts elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 1-1.2 cm. long, 
5-8 mm. wide, hirsute outside, almost glabrous inside. Sepals 
unequal, coriaceous except near the apices of outer ones; the two 
exterior larger and hirsute near the apices. Corolla blue, funnel- 
shaped, 2 cm. long, subentire or almost entire; outside pilose on 
interplicae, glabrous on plicae. Stamens included; filaments 
short, unequal, adnate to corolla tube, glabrous or with scattered 
hairs; anthers oblong, about 2 mm. long and 1 mm. broad. Ovary 
hairy at the apex; style bifid above the middle; stylar branches 
unequal; stigmas ovoid or globose, rugose. Capsule 4-valved, 2 
(-4)-seeded, thin-walled, hairy outside, at least at the apex; 
seeds ovate-oblong, 2-3 mm. long, dark brown with narrow hyaline 
wings on edge. Cotyledons ovate-cordate. 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 161 
Type: Mozambique, Sena, Peters (B-holotype-not available). 


Restricted to thickets and secondary evergreen forests on loam 
and sand in coastal districts at the altitude of 120-450 m. in 
Mozambique and Tanganyika (Map 1). 


The outstanding characteristics of this species are: (1) 
densely velvety pubescent leaves and stems, (2) foliaceous bracts, 
(3) capitate, densely hirsute inflorescences, (4) absence of pedi- 
cels and (5) short peduncles. 


Specimens examined: 

MOZAMBIQUE: Port Amelia, white, R. Dummer 64, July 1913 (BM); 
Niasa Dist., Port Amelia, 150 ft. "fl. sky blue," J. Gerster 7172, 
24. 6. 1949 (L, K); 4 mi. west of Lumbo; pale mauve blue, L.C. 
Leach and Rutherford-Smith 10944, 21. 5. 1961 (EA); 11 km. on 
the road to Monapo on light sandy soil, Pedro-Pedrogar 3139, May 
5, 1948 (EA); between Femad Veloso and Nacala on red sandy soil 
in dense secondary bush-thicket, Pedro-Pedrogar 4813, Aug. 15, 
1948 (EA); Trepadeira de flores azul-purpures, Mocimboa da Praia, 
entre Diaca e Meuda, Pedro-Pedrogar 5216, Sept. 15, 1948 (EA). 

TANGANYIKA: Orero-Kilwa Kivindje, Braun 1304, 4. 11. 1906 (EA); 
Daressalaam Dist., Puguhills; exposed banks and railway cuttings; 
trailing or rambling habit to 4 ft.; fl. pretty sky blue, leaves 
silver green, B.D. Burtt 4470, 25. 4. 1933 (K); W. Busse 2565 (1903) 
(EA) and 2467a (EA); Kisarawe, Karonzurir (Kizaramo), a scandent 
shrub with clusters of pale blue flowers, very common with Dicha- 
petalum spp. and Acacia pennata in Antidesma, Xylopia, Trema, 
Diospyros, Enclea; secondary evergreen forest on red sandy soils, 
1000 ft. alt., P.J. Greenway 4993, 1. 8. 1937 (EA); Lindi, Mkae 
Plantation; blue creeper which affects badly most of the land 
on the estate, Manager 14, 5. 1932 (EA); Tandagura to Lindi, foot 
of Notoplateau, alt. 900 ft., old farm land, climber furry stalk 
and leaves, fl. terminal buff bracts, blue, monopetal, F.W.H. Migeod 
812 and 813, 22. 8. 30 (BM); Usaramo, Puguberge, bem. 21. 5-24, 5, 
entland der Bahnstrecke, blace, A. Peter 31316, 24. X. 1926 (B); 
Daressalam--Mbagara--see, P. Schlingt, blau, Peter 44927, 5. IX. 
1926 (B); Bagamoyo--Mapinga, Meist Verblicht, tila, Peter 51646, 
5. XII. 1915 (B); Usaramo bei Toga, Peter 51649, 13. XII. 1915 (B); 
Usambara, Bwiti Urwald bei Maramba, Blau, ca. 280 m., Peter 51705, 
6. VI. 1917 (B); Mahenge, Sali, ca. 35 km. sudlich Station Mahenge 
Savanne and Bushland, 900-1000 m. scclinger, vereinzelt, Blute 
blau, H.J. Schlieben 2242, 24. 5. 1932 (B, BM, G, HBG); 40 km. 
west of Lindi, 240 m. u. M. Lutamba-see, schlinger in gr. Gruppen 
uber Stranchern sehr haufig, Schlieben 5193, 29. 8. 1934 (B, BM, 
G, HBG); Usaramo, Stuhlmann 105, 18. VIII. (18)88 (HBG); Pugu 
Hills, powder blue flowers, very common all up the road, J.H. 
Vangham 2340, April 13, 1936 (EA); 41 mi. from Daressalaam on 
main road to Morogoro, climbing over trees and shrubs in hillside 
thicket margins; also trailing plant on roadsides; climber, 10-12 
ft.; stem covered with greyish white hairs, sage green, Paler on 
backs; corolla tube cream. lobes pale blue, very common, J.R. 
Welch 303, July 4, 1955 (K). 


162 PHYTTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 


6. Bonamia cordata (Hall. f.) Hall. f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7:43 
1899. 
Prevostea cordata Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 18:93. 1894. 
Not Breweria cordata Blume. Bydr. Fl. Nederl. Ind. 722. 1825. 


Perennial twining vines. Stems woody, terete, twining, long, 
finely villous, more densely villous when young; internodes 6-10 
cm. long. Leaves petiolate, soft, herbaceous, thin or sometimes 
submembranous, moderately or densely villous or scabrous on the 
upper surface, densely villous of ferrugineous on the lower sur- 
face; petioles 1.5-3 cm. long, villous; blades ovate-cordate to 
ovate-acuminate, 4.5-7.5 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, cordate at the 
base, acuminate or acute at the apex; midrib impressed above, 
prominent beneath, with 6-10 pairs of lateral veins. Inflores- 
cences axillary, pedunculate cymes of few to several flowers; pe- 
duncles long, usually 3-8 cm., 1.5-2 mm. thick, rigid, densely 
villous or tomentose; secondary peduncles 4-6 mm. or rarely longer; 
pedicels short or nearly absent; bracts foliaceous, petiolate, 
ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, 6-10 mm. wide, indumentum as on 
leaves; bracteoles lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, 
sepals coriaceous or soft-coriaceous, unequal; outer sepals orbicular- 
mucronate or ovate-orbicular, 11-14 mm. in diameter, villous or 
ferrugineous outside, moderately or densely ferrugineous inside, 
abruptly acuminate or obtuse-acuminate at the apex; inner sepals 
small, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 7-9 mm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, 
densely ferrugineous or villous outside, glabrous inside, acute 
at the apex. Corolla and stamens not known. Ovary globose or 
subglobose, sparsely short-pilose or glabrous; styles bifid to the 
middle or higher, glabrous; stigmas small, globose. Fruits and 
seeds not known. 


Type: Madagascar (Cote orientale), Boivin 2184, 1846-1852 
(G-lectotype). 


Endemic to east coast of Madagascar, and known only by type 
collection, which is incomplete, lacking corolla, stamens, fruits 
and seeds. 


Although the only available material is the type which is frag- 
mentary, this is a very distinct species and can easily be recog- 
nized by its unequal sepals, outer enlarged sepals being pubescent 
on both surfaces, foliaceous bracts and large cordate leaves. It 
superficially resembles B. semidigyna, to which it seems to be more 
closely related than to any other species, because of similarity 
in their indumentum, large cordate leaves, long pedunculate cymes 
and long internodes. It differs from B. semidigyna in its unequal 
sepals and foliaceous bracts. 


Hallier (1894) hesitantly described this species under the 
genus Prevostea, presumably because of its unequal sepals. He later 
transferred it to Bonamia because the sepals are merely unequal and 
not accrescent as in the genus Calycobolus (=Prevostea). 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 163 


7. Bonamia semidigyna (Roxb.) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16:528. 1893. 

Convolvulous semidigynus Roxb. Fl. Ind. (ed. Carey et Wall.) 
2:47. 1824. 

Breweria cordata Blume, Byrd. Fl. Nederl. Ind. 722. 1825; 
not Bonamia cordata (Hall. f.) Hall. f. Bull. Herb. 
Boiss. 7:43. 1899. 

Breweria roxburghii Choisy, Mem. Sec. Phys. Geneve 6:493. 
1833. 

Breweria madagascariensis Choisy, 1. c. 1933; not Bonamia 
madagascariensis Poir, Encycl. Meth. Bot. Suppl. 1:677. 
1810. 


Perennial, woody vines. Stems twining to a height of 15 m., 
terete, densely brown or reddish brown tomentose. Leaves petiolate, 
subcoriaceous, soft, leathery or membranous, densely or sparsely 
tomentose underneath; petioles 18-35 (-60) mm. long, tomentose like 
stems, canaliculate above; blades broadly to narrowly ovate, 6.5- 
15 cm. long, 4-10 cm. wide, broadly cordate or occasionally truncate 
at the base, shortly acuminate or cuspidate at the apex; veins im- 
pressed above, prominent underneath; lateral veins 5-7 pairs. In- 
florescences axillary, pedunculate, umbelliform cymes of 2-5 (-7) 
flowers, rarely solitary by abortion of lateral flowers; peduncles 
long, variable in length, mostly 2-12 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. thick, 
tomentose as the stems; pedicels variable in length, 4-15 mm. long, 
1.5-2 mm. thick, densely tomentose; bracts linear or lanceolate, 
mostly small, rarely foliaceous, 5-10 mm. long, rarely 20 mm. long. 
Sepals ovate, or ovate-oblong, or ovate-acuminate, equal, subequal 
or the inner slightly shorter, 7-14 mm. long, densely tomentose, 
acuminate or acute at the apex. Corolla white, campanulate to 
funnel-shaped, 3-5 cm. long, lobulate or subentire at the margin, 
long-pilose on interplicae, glabrous on plicae. Stamens included; 
filaments glabrous above, sparsely pilose near the base; anthers 
oblong, 3-4 mm. long, cordate at the base. Ovary ovoid, with 
dense long hairs; styles bifid to the middle or lower, glabrous 
above with scattered hairs near the base; stigmas globose-peltate. 
Capsules broad-ovoid to subglobose, apiculate, hairy at the apex, 
about 10-14 mm. in diameter, 2 celled, 4- to 8-valved, 4-seeded, 
rarely-less seeded by abortion; seeds glabrous, black, oval in 
outline, convex on one side, and plane on two other sides, 5-6 
mm. long. Cotyledons ovate, broadly cordate at the base, folded; 
cotyledonary petioles fused. 


Type: India; type specimen not available. 


From Madagascar through Ceylon, India, Pakistan, Burma, Thai- 
land, South Vietnam, Malaya, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Celebes, Culion 
and Luzon to Moluccas and New Guinea (Map 3). 


This is the only species of the genus so widely distributed, 
commonly collected and represented in most large herbaria of the 
world. Hallier recognized three varieties under this species 
mainly on account of differences in indumentum. However, Van 
Ooststroom (1954) skeptically treated var. ambigua, stating, 


Vol. 17, no. 3 


Peery TO GtO1GvDrn, 


16) 


g dey 


| 
+ + + 


| BUBTIPTAyaTP 
| 
’ SueSeTo 


PooeUTABy "IRA bud Tptwes 


+ 


' 


puASIplwas ‘1A puASTptuos * 
| 


JO uotzNgT43STC 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 165 


"It is...more difficult to draw a satisfactory line between var. 
semidigyna and this variety, than with var. farinacea. It is not 
impossible that Hallier is right that we have here a hybrid before 
us."' Specimens (bearing the varietal epithet ambigua and annotated 
by Hallier) are somewhat variable in several features, but pre- 
sumably all were collected by Hallier from a single plant in the 
Botanical Garden of Bogor. It had best be retained as an aberrant 
form of var. semidigyna from which it differs mainly by its very 
large leaves. 


Key to Varieties 
1. Stems and lower leaves with a dense brown or reddish brown to- 


mentum; finer nervations of leaves indistinct or rarely trans- 
verse veins between adjacent lateral veins (or intercostal 


veins) barely visible; outer sepals acute to acuminate........ 
aicleneialalallalelalevaveletalelalelalelslatenatalctelarstatetaystatereiatetelava - var. semidigyna. 


1. Stems and lower leaves sparsely tomentose or covered with 
short, closely appressed paler hairs; finer nervations of 
the leaves often more visible by the absence of a dense hair 
coating; outer sepals acute... icc ee es seeeee var. farinacea. 


7a. B. semidigyna (Roxb.) Hall. f. var. semidigyna. 
B. semidigyna (Roxb.) Hall. f. var. ambigua Hall. f. Bull. 
Herb. Boiss. 5:817. 1897. 


Stems tomentose with brown or reddish brown hairs. Leaves 
densely tomentose underneath, with barely visible finer nerves (be- 
cause of dense coating of hairs). Sepals 10-14 mm. long, rarely 
slightly shorter, densely brown tomentose, acute or acuminate at 
the apex, thick, rarely with slightly visible nerves. 


Edges of secondary forests, thickets, hedges, waysides and 
river banks, from sea-level to about 250 m., rarely to higher 
altitudes. 


B. semidigyna var. ambigua of Hallier is treated here as a form 
of the typical variety. 


Specimens examined: 

ANDAMAN ISLANDS: S. Andaman, Port Monat-hill jungle, King's 
Collector, 19. 12. 1891 (US); Prain's collector 21, 8. 3. 1901 
(BM, G); Prain's collector 95, March 1901 (G); (doubtful) "Tenas- 
serim and Andamans," Helfer 5874 (W). 

BURMA: Maulmein, Sammlugen 0. Kuntze's Weltreise 6289, X. 75 
(NY); Sandoway, Arracan, Capt. Margrave (L); Tenasserim, J.D.V. 
Packman (BM); Pegu, Scott (L); without loc. J.H.B.C. 1405 (L). 

CEYLON: James Macrae 533 (BM); H.K. Thwaites 2853, 1855 (BM, 
G, GH, W); Col. Walker (G). 

COCHINCHINA (SOUTH VIETNAM): M. Germain 78, 1879 (G), Recule, 
1 Avril 1880 (F, L, UC); fl. albi. Hab. ad Um dzan mot in Oust. 
Coch. L. Pierre, 1. 1864 (BM); ad Um dzan mot. in Ouest. Coch. fl. 


166 PiseleT sO Le0iG ork Vol. 17, no. 3 


albi., L. Pierre 22, 1. 1867 (A,F,G,GH,NY); ad Bien hoa in Ouest. 
Coch. fl. albi., Pierre, 12. 1869 (F. L. UC) [many of Pierre's 
label notes not deciphered]; M. le Dr. Thorel 612, 1862-1866 (A). 

INDIA: Travancore, Madaras, J.S. Gamble 14778, Sept. 1884 
(HBG, K); Prope Mercara, Terr. Canara, R.F. Hohenacker 563, Jan., 
Febr., M. 1847 (BM, G); Tidal Creek, Naiti, N. Kanara Dist., 

W.A. Talbot 2868, 10. 1.93 (G); "India," Wallich 1405. 1, 1405. 
2, 1405. 3 (BM). 

INDONESIA: JAVA: Batavia, Heurdterrein z. van Djassinga, 

250 m., Backer 26030 (L); Blume 1851 (L); Buitenzorg, Boerlage (L); 
Java Res. Batavia Barengkok. W. v. Leuviliang, alt. 250 m., Bak- 
huizen von den Brink Jr. 770, 16. 6. 1921 (L, W); corolla lactea, 
euTe cin: Horta Boga, plalliensG. les ta. soldi !Vned89S iG, sig. 18. 
Days he Vin B98 AC D)is (Ce lSe CavelS Ve 1995496L)> Hablier 104dsa14, 

8. 1896 (L); Cult. in Hort. Bog., Hallier (L); Korthals 226 (L); 
Kandang Japi, Korthals (L); Zollingero 1339, 1844 (G). Location 
indefinite. Blume (L); Reinwardt 362 (L). Unknown collector: 
"Java" (1). SUMATRA: Korthals 48 (L), 1711 (L); Pasier Cantang, 
lat. 2°S, sea level, fl. white, H.C. Robinson and C.B. Kloss 2, 

18. VI. 1914 (BM). SUNDA: Straights of Sunda, Macartney and 
Staunton (BM). 

MADAGASCAR: Envir. Tamatave, C.D'Alleizette, Nov. 1906 (L); 
central Madagascar, Rev. R. Baron 2773, Dec. 1883 (BM); M. Goudot 
222 (?), 1833 (G); Hab. ad Tamatave, flores albi, Helsemberg (BM); 
Hunblet 211 (W); Tamatave, D. Paulay, June 1887 (W). 

MALAYA: Kuband Ulu, Province Wellesley, C. Curtis, July 1890 
(BM); Pulo-Pinang, A. Delessert 632, 1835 (G); Selangor, C.W. 
Franck 1013, 16. 9. 1937 (A); Perlis, Kangas, alt. low, M.R. Hen- 
derson 22858, Nov. 16, 1829 (.BM, BRI); "2" specim. lect. in Ins. 
Penang, G. Porter, in 1822 (NY); Penang, unknown collector, with 
Wallich Herbarium No. 1405.2, 1832 (G). 

PAKISTAN: Chittagong, Regio tropl. alt. 1000 ped. J.D. Hooker 
and T. Thomson, 1861 (BM, G, GH, L, W); The Chittagong Hill Tracts, 
Dr. King's collector 206, 1885 (K), 615, 1887 (L). 

PHILLIPPINES: Central Luzon, A. Loher 4155(US); Culion Island, 
E.D. Merrill 538, Dec. 18, 1902 (NY, US), 618, Jan. 1, 1903 (NY, 
US). 

SARAWAK: Baram Mouth, Baram Dist., C. Hose 27, Dec. 1894 (BM). 

THAILAND: Kao Saming (Krat), under 50 m., A.F.G. Kerr 9399, 
25. 11. 1924 (A, L); Hat Yai (near Songkhla), under 50 m., Kerr 
socog 22. 12. 1927 (A, I). 

Locations not determined: Anamallays, R.H. Beddome 5627 (BM); 
Sillet (Indes Or.), Wallich 1405. 1, 1832 (G); Peninsula Indiae 
Orientalis, Wight 1999 (GH, L, NY). Locations unknown: Wallich 
1405, 1832 (G); Wallich 1405.2 (L). Collector unknown: (G). 


7ad. B. semidigyna var. semidigyna forma ambigua (Hall. f.) Myint 


and Ward, comb. nov. 
B. semidigyna (Roxb.) Hall. f. var. ambigua Hall. f. Bull. 
Herb. Boiss. 5:817. 1897. 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 167 


Differs from the typical form by its greyish and thinner indu- 
mentum, larger and wider leaves with broadly rotund-cordate bases, 
longer petioles, larger bracts and bracteoles, and larger corolla. 


Type: Bangka (culta in horto Bogor.), Hallier C. 17. a., 23. 
V. 1893 (L-lectotype!). 


Known only from type location. 


All specimens deposited at the Rijksherbarium were collected 
from a single plant grown in the Botanical Garden at Bogor, ac- 
cording to Van Ooststroom (1954). Since no further collection has 
been made, Van Ooststroom questioned it as a distinct variety. 
When it was described, Hallier suggested it as a hybrid between 
var. semidigyna and var. farinacea, and Van Ooststroom remarked 
that Hallier may well be right. Future collections are much de- 
sired. 


Specimens examined: 

INDONESIA: Bangka, culta in horto Bogor., H. Hallier C. 17. a., 
Dean HOB ACL) So Celie b. f°7 Ve 1893 (lh) 2 Cp lie Ges 29e LL 
1899 Ryo COT. ds Dave 1898-(b)e Hallier XPS (bh). 


7b. B. semidigyna (Roxb.) Hall. f. var. farinacea Hall. f. Versl.'s 
Lands Pl.-tuin Btzg. 125. 1895 (1896). 
Lettsomia bancana Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 561. 1861. 


Differs from var. semidigyna in stems and lower leaves covered 
with short, closely appressed hairs of a paler color, grey or light 
brown; finer nerves of leaves distinctly visible (because of thin 
coating of soft hairs); sepals 7-12 mm. long, sparsely or moderately 
tomentose (not densely tomentose except in young buds), mostly a- 
cute or shortly acuminate, frequently with distinct nerves. 


Type: Celebes, cult. in horto Bogor., H. Hallier C. 16. a., 
23. V. 1893 (L-lectotype!). 


Thickets on beaches and rocks, both in marshy and dry locali- 
ties, from sea-level to 75 m., in Malaysia from Banka and Celebes 
to Moluccas (Ceram) and New Guinea. Van Ooststroom notes that Ceram 
and Celebes specimens possess aberrant characters (longer pedicels 
and elliptic-obtuse sepals) which with future collections might 
prove to be taxonomically important. 


Specimens examined: 

CELEBES: Sudwest Celebes, Bau-Bau, Gestrupp, 0-75 m., sehr 
trocken, korallenkalk, J. Elbert 2641, Sept. 5, 1909 (L); Padan- 
goma, 0-10 m., Mangrovenwald, Strandbusch, Sumpf, lehmig, Elbert 
3250, Oktober, 1909 (L); Cult. in horto Bogor., H. Hallier C. 16. 
as 2oe7Va 1090 (liye Cs 0. Us 17. tle 169d Cl). Gallus Cs touavs 
1895 (L), C. 18. c, 13. V. 1895 (G); Provincia Minahassa, S.H. 
Koorders 16559B (L); Bonto Parang, Rachmat 4 (exp. van Vuuren), 


WANT Ge 19 Eo “Cia. 


168 PHBeoT 70) LeOaGeL eA Vol. 17, no. 3 


SERAM (CERAM): Poeloe Tikoes, +0Om., Kornassi 1274 (exp. 
Rutten), 10. 5. 1918 (L). 

NEW GUINEA: Papua: Lower Fly River, east bank, opposite 
Sturt Island, robust climber in second growth, rain forest, flower 
white, L.J. Brass 8180, Oct. 1936 (A). 


8. Bonamia elegans (Wall.) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16:529. 1893. 
Convolvulus elegans Wall. Cata. p. 38, no. 1392. 1828. 
Breweria elegans (Wall. ) Choisy, Mem. Soc. Geneve 6:193. 

1833. 
Breweriopsis elegans (Wall. ) Roberty, Candollea 14:31. 1952. 


Perennial, woody vines. Stems terete, twining, pilose or be- 
coming glabrous in age, thin and wiry or becoming 2-3 mm. thick. 
Leaves shortly petiolate, subcoriaceous or soft-coriaceous, thinly 
pilose above, densely strigose beneath; petioles 2-8 mm. long, den- 
sely sericeous or pilose; blades variable in shape and size, older 
being ovate-elliptic; younger leaves lanceolate or sublinear, 2-4 
cm. long, rounded or slightly cordate at the base, obtuse or 
obtuse-mucronate at the apex; veins impressed above, prominent 
beneath; lateral veins about 3-4 pairs. Flowers axillary, soli- 
tary or rarely in shortly pedunculate cymes of 2-3 flowers; pe- 
duncles 5-18 mm. long, mostly 1 mm. thick, finely pubescent; 
pedicels 2-5 mm. long, frequently slightly thicker than peduncles, 
brown-pubescent; bracts two, opposite, linear or linear-lanceolate, 
3-6 mm. long. Sepals coriaceous or subcoriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, 
12-15 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, acuminate or acute at the apex, equal 
or slightly unequal, finely pubescent, more densely so near the 
base. Corolla blue, campanulate-infundibuliform, 4-5 cm. long, 
slightly lobulate or subentire, pilose on interplicae, glabrous 
on plicae; tube cylindrical, wide, not distinct from the limb. 
Stamens included; filaments glabrous above, with scattered hairs 
below, at least along the edges; anthers oblong or oblong-lanceo- 
late, 3-4 mm. long, cordate at the base. Ovary conical, with 
long hairs at the apex, glabrous near the base; styles fused near 
to the stigma, with scattered hairs on the lower part; short sty- 
lar branches unequal; stigmas depressed-capitate. Fruits not 
known. Cotyledons oval, not folded in young stage, unknown in 
mature stage; cotyledonary petioles fused. 


Type: Burma: Prome, Wallich (G-lectotype!, BM-isotype!) 
Known only from the type locality (Map 3). 


This species is poorly known and rarely collected. It is rep- 
sented in a few large herbaria of Europe only by an old collection 
made by the author of the species more than a century ago. Ap- 
parently no further collections have been made since that time. 
The type collection is fragmentary, since it is only of a flower- 
ing branch and is without leaves of the vegetative parts. Ac- 
cording to Clarke (1885), the juvenile leaves are much larger, 
attaining 7.5 by 3.1 cm, whereas the leaves on flowering branches 
are 3.8 by 0.8 cm. Since the vegetative branches and fruiting 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 169 


material are not available in the present study, a more complete 
description of the species has to await future collections. 


Roberty (1952), in erecting his new genus Breweriopsis typi- 
fied by this species, lumped B. elegans, B. grandiflora and B. 
minor as constituting a single species. These three species of 
different continents differ in several important features. The 
most obvious common feature is their blue flowers, by which Rob- 
erty characterized his new genus. His treatment is quite artifi- 
cial in many respects. He excluded several species possessing 
blue flowers, two of which were treated under an entirely dis- 
tinct genus, Stylisma. But perhaps the most unacceptable part 
of his classification was his treating B. spectabilis and B. minor 
under two different genera, whereas these two, as pointed out 
by Verdcourt, are so similar in all features that they are con- 
specific. 


9. Bonamia dietrichiana Hall. f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5:1012. 1897. 
Bonamia pannosa sensu Hall. f. 1. c. 5:810, as to the 
description and quoted specimen, not Breweria pannosa 
R. Br. Prodr. 488. 1810. 


Perennial twining vines. Stems slender, terete, becoming woody, 
mostly 1-2 m. long, 1-2 mm. thick, fulvous-tomentose or subseri- 
ceous; internodes variable in length, 1.5-5 cm. long. Leaves shortly 
petiolate, soft and thick or slightly leathery, sericeous and ap- 
parently dark green above, densely sericeous and pale green beneath; 
petioles 4-8 mm. long, sometimes slightly shorter, sericeous ; blades 
ovate or ovate-subcordate, 2.5-4 cm. long, 1.7-2.7 cm. broad (smal- 
ler on upper leaves), subcordate or truncate at the base, obtuse- 
mucronate or emarginate-mucronate at the apex; mucro ] mm. long; 
nerves indistinct above, prominent beneath; lateral nerves 5-7 
pairs. Flowers axillary, solitary or in simple cymes of 2-3, 
shortly pedunculate; peduncles 3-7 mm. long, terete, slender, ser- 
iceous; pedicels 2-4 mm. long; bracts opposite, ovate, shortly pet- 
iolate, 7-10 mm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, finely tomentose or sericeous. 
Sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 12-13 mm. long, subcoria-—- 
ceous or coriaceous; outer sepals densely villous or sericeous out- 
side, acuminate at the apex, slightly longer than inner ones; inner 
sepals sparsely pubescent or nearly glabrous outside, acute or 
shortly acuminate at the apex. Corolla white (?), funnel-shaped, 
3.5-4.5 cm. long, 3-3.5 m. broad, subentire or slightly lobulate 
at the limb, long-pilose on interplicae. Stamens inserted; fila- 
form, glabrous above, pilose near the base; anthers linear-oblong, 
2-3.5 mm. long, cordate at the base. Ovary ovoid, long-pilose at 
the apex, glabrous below; styles bifid to the middle or nearly to 
the base, filiform, glabrous or with scattered hairs near the base; 
stigmas large, globose-capitate. Fruits and seeds not known. 


Type: Queensland, Australia, A. Dietrich 19 (HBG). 


This species, endemic to Queensland, Australia (Map 3),is dis- 
tinct from all other Australian species in its longer and lanceo- 


170 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 


late sepals, larger corolla and foliaceous bracts. It is some- 
what related to B. pannosa because of similarity in its indumentum, 
slightly unequal sepals and larger subcordate leaves. It is pro- 
bably more closely related to B. elegans of the Orient because of 
similarity in their sepals and corolla. 


Hallier, in his earlier treatment, included this species under 
B. pannosa and later realized its distinction from the latter. It 
differs from B. pannosa in its larger and white corolla, nearly 
equal, closely appressed and lanceolate sepals, outer sepals being 
glabrous inside, and leaves being obtuse-mucronate or emarginate- 
mucronate at the apex (Figure 5). 


Specimens examined: 

AUSTRALIA: Queensland: A. Dietrich 19 (HBG-lectotype and iso- 
type); Stony Creek, Stuart, Townsville, "K. K." 8, April 4, 1954 
(BRL). 


10. Bonamia menziesii Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5:336. 1862. 
Breweria menziesii (Gray) Bentham and Hooker, Gen. Pl. 
2:877. 1876. 
Bonamia Herminieri Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16:529. 1893. 
Perispermum albiflorum 0. Degener, Fl. Hawaiiensis, Fam. 
307. 1932. Type: Degener, Park and Nitta 4111! 
Perispermum menziesii Gaey) O. Degener, Fl. Hawaiiensis, 


K6. 1934. 


Perennial, woody, slow-growing, coarse vines, up to 10 m. 
Stems twining, terete, long, without milky juice, glabrescent and 
with pale yellowish bark, fulvous-tomentose when young, distantly 
leafy, soon becoming woody, later bearing short leafy spurs. Leaves 
petiolate, soft-coriaceous, tomentulose and hoary to glabrous above, 
densely fulvous-tomentose below; petioles 8-25 mm. long, sulcate, 
fulvous-tomentose or becoming less tomentose in age; blades oblong- 
elliptic, ovate or rarely orbicular, 3.2-9 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. 
broad, rounded at the base; truncate, emarginate, obtuse or acute 
at the apex. Flowers axillary, solitary, rarely in cymes of two 
to few flowers; peduncles short, 2-5 mm. long, demarcated from 
pedicels by two inconspicuous bracts, fulvous-tomentose, mostly 
thicker than pedicels; pedicels longer than peduncles, commonly 
1.2-2 cm. long; floral buds mostly erect. Sepals ovate, densely 
fulvous-tomentose outside, glabrous inside, soft-coriaceous, per- 
sistent and brittle in the fruit, subequal; the two exterior about 
10 mm. long, 8 mm. wide; the three interior mostly 7 mm. long. 
7 mm. wide, thinner, less densely fulvous-tomentose and less acute 
at the apex. Corolla white, yellowish brown or greenish, funnel- 
shaped with narrow spreading limb of 5 subtruncate lobes (or lo- 
bules), 22 mm. long, 16 mm. wide; outside glabrous on plicae, hir- 
sute with pale tawny silky hairs on interplicae. Stamens inserted; 
filaments slightly lower than the corolla, filiform, stiff, adnate 
to corolla for about 6 mm.; anthers white, oblong, about 3-3.5 mm. 
long. Ovary with narrow dixc, ovoid-conical; styles connate for 
about 2 mm. near the base, about 15 mm. long; stigmas rugose-capitate, 
1 mm. wide. Capsules pendent on stiff pedicels, hardly dehiscent, 


171 


Revision of Bonamia 


Myint & Ward, 


1968 


p dey 


TIYOOL *TeA @) 


Ttsatzueu *zeA @® 


TISatzueu BPTWweUOog FO UOTANGTAzA4STq 


172 Pa Ti TO Zi OcOr ive’ Vol. 17, no. 3 


glabrous with chartaceous wall, about 10-15 mm. long and 8-10 mm. 
wide, ovoid-conical, straw colored, 4- to 2- (-1) seeded, with 
very thin and soft septum; persistent sepals spreading and brittle. 
Seeds covered with black perisperm, glabrous, about 6-8 mm. long, 
and almost 5 mm. wide, ovoid-angular-convex, with yellowish brown 
or crimson testa. Cotyledons corrugate and folded, bilobed, cor- 
date at the base, with fused cotyledonary petiole. 


Type: Iles Sandwich--Maui, M.J.Remy 420, 1851-1855 (GH). 


On rocky slopes and valleys on Hawaii, Lanai, Maui, Molokai 
and Oahu Islands (Map 4). 


Hallier (1893) gave the name B. herminieri, in honor of the 
collector, Herminier, to a specimen presumably from Guadeloupe, 
West Indies. Since this range disjuction has not been supported 
by further collections, it seems reasonable to suppose the orig- 
inal label in error. The type specimen has not been examined, and, 
in fact, cannot now be located at the herbarium of Boissier, Geneva, 
where it was presumably deposited, but the name is placed in syn- 
onymy under B. menziesii on the authority of Hallier (1897) who, 
on further study, considered B. herminieri to be no more than a 
somewhat aberrant form of B. menziesii. 


0. Degener (1932) erected a new genus for this species because 
of its hardly dehiscent capsules, perispermous seeds and supposed 
lack of septa. Since the fruits (capsules) remain closed for a 
long period after ripeness, he assumed them as completely inde- 
hiscent, which does not seem to be true. Further, he missed the 
fact that the presence of perisperm on the seeds is common through- 
out the genus Bonamia. Degener definitely overlooked the presence 
of thin septa, thus characterizing his new genus with nonseptate 
capsules. He also proposed a new species, which he treated under 
this genus. The specimens collected on the island of Hawaii differ 
appreciably from the specimens collected on Lanai, Maui, Molokai 
and Oahu, and thus are treated here as belonging to a distinct 
variety (Figure 2). 


Specimens examined: 

LANAI: Dry forests, west end, C.N. Forbes 152.L, June 1913 
(A, F, MO, NY, UC, US); W. Hillebrand, 1874 (GH); Hillebrand, 1890 
(BM); A.S. Hitchcock 14712, Sept. 22, 1916 (US); Paomaio, G.C. 
Munro, 3. 19. 1914 (BM), 4. 18. 1914 (NY, UC, US). 

MAUI: Pakiloi, Forbes 2067 M, Mar. 23, 1920 (NY, UC, US); 
Komauu, Forbes 2067 MO, Mar. 23, 1920 (UC); M.T. Remy 420, 1851- 
1855 (GH, lectotype) , 421 (L). 

MOLOKAI: Kalapamoa, Forbes 430 MO, Aug. 1912 (MO, UC, US); 
west end, Kokio Gulch, J.F. Rock 14015, May 21, 1918 (NY, UC, US); 
west end, Rock, Feb. 1920. 

OAHU: Small, arid, rocky gully two-thirds of a mile from the 
sea on the south slope of Keaau Valley, 0. Degener, K.K. Park and 
Y. Nitta 4111, Feb. 7, 1932 (MO); middle ridge of Niu Valley, on 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 173 


Figure 2 


Leaf shapes and sizes in the varieties of Bonamia menziesii 


17k Pewite? \O TrOrGvb ik Vol. 17, no. 3 


partly wooded, sunny slope, 50 ft. above stream, Degener, Park 
and Nitta 5975, June 4, 1932 (MO); small east-central ridge near 
head of Wailupe Valley, over bushes and low trees at 1500 ft., 
Degener 21186 and W. Hatheway, Dec. 19, 1950 (BM, MO, UC); south- 
west side of Poamoho Gulch; south-west side of Brodie Camp, on 
rocky, grassy, sparingly shrubby, precipitous slope at 1500 ft. 


elevation, Degener 21257 and Hatheway, Jan. 25, 1951 (UC, US); 


Kaala Mountains, H. Mann and W.T. Brigham 618 (BM, F, G, GH, MO, 
NY, US); U.S. Exploring Expedition under the command of Captain 


Wilkes (US). Unknown location: Hillebrand 1889 (US). 
Bonamia menziesii var. rockii Myint and Ward, var. nov. 


Differt a varietate typica foliis orbicularibus, orbiculari- 
ovatis, vel ovatis, 2.5-4. cm. longis, 1-1.2plo longioribus quam 
latioribus, raro 1.5plo, apice emarginato, truncato, obtuso vel 
raro abrupte acuto. 


Differs from the typical variety in possessing orbicular, 
orbicular-ovate or ovate leaves, 2.5-4 cm. long, with a length- 
width ratio of 1-1.2, rarely 1.5, emarginate, truncate, obtuse 
or rarely abruptly acute at the apex. 


Type: Kona: Puu Waawaa, J.F. Rock, March, 1912 (GH). 


All three specimens cited here were collected by J.F. Rock 
between Kona and Puu Waawaa at varying dates; this variety is 
named in his honor. 


Specimens examined: 
HAWAII: Kona: Lava beds between Huehue and Puu Waawaa, J 


me 
Rock 3541, June 4, 1909 (GH); Puu Waawaa, Rock, March, 1912 (GH); 
Puu Waawaa, Kamanomano, Rock (NY). 


11. Bonamia grandiflora (Gray) Hall. f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5:810. 
1897. 
Breweria grandiflora A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 15:49. 1880. 


Perennial, trailing, herbaceous or suffrutescent pseudoliana, 
growing annually from lower nodes of previous shoots or from 
slightly enlarged roots. Stems terete, rarely ridged or subterete, 
glabrous to finely puberulous, 2-4 mm. thick, becoming 3-5 m. long, 
with frequent branching. Leaves sessile or subsessile, subcoria- 
ceous to membranous, glabrous or finely puberulous and glabrescent; 
petioles almost absent or 1-3 mm. long, and curved; blades ovate, 
2.2-3 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. broad, rounded or slightly cordate at 
the base; obtuse, acute or rarely retuse at the apex; lateral veins 
mostly 4-7 pairs. Flowers axillary, solitary; two lateral abor- 
tive buds sometimes present in the axils of the bracts; peduncles 
1-4 cm. long, sometimes becoming longer in age, grey pubescent or 
puberulous; pedicels short, slightly thicker than peduncles, dense- 
ly pubescent while young; bracts small, linear or scale-like, 1-2 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 175 


mm. long. Sepals broadly lanceolate or oblong-ovate-lanceolate, 
acute or acuminate at the apex, equal, or unequal, outer being 
slightly shorter, 1.5-2.6 (2.8) cm. long, 4-10 mm. wide, membran- 
ous or subcoriaceous, outside finely puberulous with grey or 
silvery hairs. Corolla deep blue or purplish blue, lighter to- 
wards tubular base, tubular-campanulate or funnel-form, 7-8.5 cm. 
long, 5-7 cm. wide, shallowly lobulate, silky pilose with long 
hairs on interplicae, glabrous on plicae. Stamens included; fila- 
ments epipetalous, shorter than styles, as high as half the length 
of the corolla, slightly unequal, glabrous above, villous below; 
anthers 4-5 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, cordate at the base, 
introrse by longitudinal slits. Ovary conical, glabrous with four 
vertical ridges, with a circular disc near the base; styles inser- 
ted, terminal, mostly 5 cm. long or sometimes longer, bifid above 
the middle (rarely trifid, then ovary trilocular and six-ovulate) ; 
stigmas globose-peltate. Capsules conical, apiculate, 4- or 8- 
valved, rarely 6-valved, 4-seeded, rarely 6-seeded. Seeds oval, 
brownish, glabrous, rarely with scattered hairs on dorsal sides. 
Cotyledons oval or oboval with emarginate apices, folded against 
the radicle, with free cotyledonary petioles. 


Type: Manatee and Sarasota, Florida, A.P. Garber, June, 1878 
(GH-Lectotype! F, FLAS, MO, PH, US - Isotypes!). 


Dry, deep sandy areas in scrubs or edge of scrubs, more com- 
monly in open ground and disturbed areas, occasionally on ancient 
sand dunes, ranging from south to central Florida (Map 5). 


Bonamia grandiflora is geographically completely isolated from 
related species of Mexico and Central America, and it is the only 
species entirely restricted to the continental United States. It 
has been included in B. elegans of the Orient by Roberty (1952) 
who treated it under his new genus Breweriopsis, which he charac- 
terized by the large corolla. However, B. grandiflora shows sev- 
eral distinct features from B. elegans, particularly leaf shape 
and size, fusion of the stylar branches and stigmas. In B. grandi- 
flora the leaves are orbicular or ovate, 2.2-3 cm. long and 2.2-5 
em. wide, stylar branches are connate only for the lower half, and 
the stigmas are small and globose, whereas in B. elegans, the leaves 
are oblong or oblong-ovate, 3-4.5 cm. long and 8-15 mm. wide (ex- 
cept the lower ones which are slightly wider), the stylar branches 
are connate for three-fourths of the total length or higher, and 
the stigmas are larger and depressed-capitate. 


The derivation of the specific name is quite appropriate for 
its large, conspicuous and beautiful flowers, purplish blue in 
color. 


Specimens examined: 

FLORIDA: Highland County: Open, dry, sandy slope among the 
"inland sand dunes" near Sebring, D.S. Correll and J.B. McFarlin 
6227, August 3, 1936 (DUKE); Scrub, south end of Lake Jackson, 


Vol. 17, no. 3 


PH? TODO TA 


176 


s dey 


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BLT Let pedir Aaaq 


STTNeoTzINU *G@ 


erToyrpeao *g @ 
Boanydp—ns *q@ 


BoIadTT To “gq 


BLOT Jr puerd "gq e 


JO uotagnqtsa4stTq 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 177 


Sebring, Ray Garrett, April 21, 1948 (GA); sand dunes, Sebring, 
F.W. Hunnewell 1049, May 15, 1927 (GH); sand hills, Sebring, 

J.B. McFarlin 9414, September 6, 1934 (FLAS), 5701, 6. 9. 1931 
(MICH); sandy scrub, Lake Placid, F.H. Sargent 7180, May 23, 

1955 (SMU); scrub, Sebring, J.K. Small and E. West, September 

5, 1934 (FLAS). Lake County: In scrub near Mt. Dora, J.J. 
Fennel 463, July 18, 1937 (UC); in vicinity of Eustis, A.S. 
Hitchcock, June-July, 1894 (F, FLAS, MO); in vicinity of Eustis, 
G.V. Nash 1326, July 16-31, 1894 (F, G, GH, MICH, MO, PH, UC, 
US); near Lake Dora, Tavares, P.H. Rolfs 511, June 29, 1893 

(F, FLAS, MO). Manatee County: Sand ridge, Manatee River, 
Bradenton, A. Cuthbert 1358, June 23, 1916 (FLAS); A.P. Garber, 
June, 1878 (F, FLAS, GH, MO, PH, US); J.H. Simpson, 1889 (US); 
Palma Sola, S.M. Tracy 6431, September 10, 1889 (NCU). Marion 
County: Sandy roadsides, Nat. Forest, A.V. Cleet, August 2, 

1937 (NSU); near observation tower on highway, Ocala National 
Forest, Bailey and Hume, August 19, 1935 (FLAS); in a scrub, 
Ocala National Forest, Hugh O'Neill, September 12, 1929 (FLAS, US); 
frequent; 1 mi. east and 4.8 mi. south of Central Tower, Ocala 
National Forest, D.B. Ward and T. Myint 2126, July 28, 1960, 
(FLAS, FSU). Orange County: In sand scrub, Orlando, Hugh O'Neill 
88, August, 1924 (US); sandy scrub near Windemere, P.O. Scallert 
20849, October 4, 1947 (SMU); sand hill among scrub oak, Orlando, 
E. West, May 24, 1929 (FLAS); Clarocona, C.S. Williamson, July, 
1895 (PH). Osceola County: Sandy soil, near swamp, Tampa high- 
way, Mary L. Singletary 370, May 24, 1938 (DUKE, NSC). Polk 
County: Vicinity of Crooked Lake, J.B. McFarlin 3365, October 
28, 1930 (FLAS, MICH). Sarasota County: Sarasota, A.P. Garber 
46, June, 1878 (F, FLAS, PH, US). Volusia County: Dry scrub near 
Seville, A.H. Curtiss 6687, July 16, 1900 (G, GA, GH, L, MO, UC, 
US). County unknown: F. Rugel, 1842-1849 (MO, US). 


12. Bonamia elliptica (Smith & Schubert) Myint & Ward, comb. nov. 
Breweria elliptica Smith & Schubert, Contr. Gray Herb. n. 
S. No. CXXVII: 31, tab. II, fig. 31 & 32. 1939. 


Perennial, shrubby, twining vines. Stems woody, terete, white, 
densely pilose, mostly 2-4 mm. thick. Leaves petiolate, soft, 
leathery or subcoriaceous, long-strigose above, densely strigose 
beneath; petioles 7-10 mm. long, densely strigose; blades elliptic, 
3-5.5 cm. long, mostly 2.5-4 cm. wide, rounded and slightly oblique 
at the base, obtuse-mucronate at the apex; veins distinct, with 
about 6-8 pairs of lateral veins. Inflorescences axillary, cymose, 
of 5-12 (-15) flowers, pedunculate; peduncles 2.5-5.5 cm. long, 
1-1.5 mm. thick, densely strigose; secondary peduncles as long as 
pedicels; pedicels 7-10 mm. long, densely strigose as peduncles, 
mostly 1 mm. thick; bracts linear or lanceolate, pilose, 3-10 mm. 
long, acuminate. Sepals ovate-acuminate, equal or slightly un- 
equal, densely strigose or becoming less so, with ciliate, thin 
margins, 12-15 mm. long, 4-7 mm. wide. Corolla blue or pale blue, 
infundibuliform, mostly 4-5 cm. long, slightly lobulate or sub- 
entire, long-strigose on interplicae, glabrous on plicae. Stamens 


178 Pet: TL0 WoO Gy TA Vol. 17, no. 3 


inserted; filaments glabrous or only with scattered short hairs, 
unequal (two short, two long and one medium, which are as high 
as styles); anthers oblong, 3-4 mm. long, cordate at the base. 
Ovary conical, glabrous; styles bifid three-fourths the length, 
glabrous, as long as the medium stamen; stigma capitate. Fruit 
unknown. 


Type: Chorrera, Temascaltepec Dist. Mexico, G.B. Hinton 2176, 
10. 14. 1932 (GH-holotype). 


Known only from Temascaltepec Dist., Chihuahua, Mexico (Map 5). 


Further collections of this species are to be desired, since 
it is known only from two collections from the same district, and 
fruit and seed are not yet known. The second collection has been 
associated with the vernacular name "manto." 

This species is related to B. sulphurea of southern Mexico and 
Central America, from which it is different by its long pedunculate, 
much branched cymes of large numerous flowers, borne in the axils 
of the leaves of the primary branches. 


Specimens examined: 

MEXICO: Chihuahua: Chorrera, 1230 m., Temascaltepec Dist. , 
vine, flower blue, G.B. Hinton 2176, 10. 14. 1932 (F, GH, MO, US); 
Volcan, Temascaltepec Dist., flower blue, Hinton et al. 8487, 9. 
24. 1935 (MO, US). 


13. Bonamia sulphurea (Brandg.) Myint & Ward, comb. nov. 
Breweria sulphurea Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 
4:384. 1913. 


Perennial, shrubby climber. Stems terete, mostly twining, 
pubescent and becoming glabrous in age, about 2-5 mm. in diameter. 
Leaves petiolate, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, greenish pubescent 
and glabrescent above, densely brown tomentose below; petioles 
3-20 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. thick, sulcate above, finely pubescent or 
becoming glabrous; blades broadly ovate or elliptic, 3.5-7.5 cm. 
long, 2-4.5 cm. broad, entire at the margin, rounded or slightly 
cordate at the base, and acuminate, obtuse-mucronate or rarely 
acute-mucronate at the apex; veins inconspicuous above, prominent 
beneath; about 4-7 pairs of lateral veins. Inflorescences loose 
cymes of few flowers, rarely solitary in the axils of small leaves, 
frequently pseudopanicles composed of numerous cymes on short 
leafy twigs; peduncles variable in length, sometimes hardly present; 
pedicels distinctly elongate, 1-2 (2.5) cm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, 
pubescent; bracts small, lanceolate, mostly inconspicuous. Sepals 
ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse at the apex, equal or subequal, 
densely brown-tomentose outside, inner two less densely so, 8-13 
mm. long, 3-7 mm. wide, coriaceous or membranous. Corolla white, 
mostly 1.5-2 cm. long, tubular-campanulate with narrow limb, lobu- 
late at the margin; outside surface pilose on the interplicae, 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 179 


glabrous on the plicae. Stamens included; filaments adnate to the 
corolla tube, glabrous above, pilose near the base, shorter than 
styles; anthers oblong, about 2 mm. long, 1 mm. broad. Ovary hir- 
sute; styles bifid above the middle; stylar branches unequal; stig- 
mas globose-capitate. Fruit subconical capsule, valvular, shorter 
than persistent sepals, brown hirsute at the apex. Seeds ovate, 
glabrous, black. Cotyledons ovate-orbicular. 


Type: Mexico: Vera Cruz, Banos de Carizal, C.A. Purpus 5995 
(UC, 155241). 


Southern Mexico, Gautemala and Honduras at the altitude of 
200-1000 m. (Map 5). 


Most collectors reported damp bushy slopes, damp thickets, 
and rocky slopes as the habitat of this species. More collections 
will be needed to determine its general distributions, type of 
habitat and flowering periods. Specimens, mostly in flower, have 
been collected in August, September and October. 


This species is undoubtedly related to B. elliptica of north- 
ern Mexico. From the latter it is different in possessing flowers 
with longer pedicels and smaller corolla and less branched cymose 
inflorescences which are borne in the axils of leaves of the 
secondary leafy branches, rather than in the axils of leaves of 
the primary branches. 


Both this genus and this species are reported here from Guate- 
mala and Honduras for the first time. Previously this species has 
been known only from southern Mexico. In this general area B. 


brevipedicellata is also reported from British Honduras for the 
first time. 


Specimens examined: 

GUATEMALA: Chiquimula: Divide on the railway above El Ricon, 
alt. 870 m., damp bushy slope, woody vine, Paul C. Standley 74730, 
October 17, 1940 (F); damp bushy slope, vine over trees, corolla 
white, Standley 74755, October 17, 1940 (F). Zacapa: Vicinity of 
Zacapa, alt. ca. 200 m., damp thicket, large woody vine, buds only, 
Standley 74201, October 7-16, 1940 (F, US); rocky slopes between 
San Pablo and Pepezca, alt. 200-250 m., climbing in thickets, cor- 
olla white, leaves olive-dull green, yellow-green beneath, Julian 
A. Steyermark 29337, October 8, 1939 (A, F). 

HONDURAS: Morazan: La Granja, along Rio Choluteca near Tequci- 
galpa, alt. 936 m., fls. white, vine, Antonio Molina R. 10493, 
September 8, 1946 (BM, MO, US). 

MEXICO: Vera Cruz: Banos del Carizal, C.A. Purpus 5998, Aug- 
ust, 1912 (UC-holotype! BM, F, MO, NY, US-isotype). 


14. Bonamia ovalifolia (Torr.) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16:528. 1893. 
Evolvulus ovalifolius Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 150. 1859. 
Breweria ovalifolia (Torr.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2(1): 

PAG ABTA 


180 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 


Perennial, procumbent or suberect, occasionally prostrate, 
shrubby vines, growing from lower nodes of old shoot or root. 
Root thick, mostly 5-12 mm. near the base, with pulpy bark. Old 
stems 3-10 mm. or thicker, woody; new branches 3-6 dm. tall, 
wiry or slightly woody, light green, densely sericeous or velu- 
tinous. Leaves sessile or subsessile, rarely with short petioles 
of 1-3 mm. long, soft and leathery or subcoriaceous, densely 
velutinous on both upper and lower surfaces; blades ovate, ob- 
long-ovate or rounded, 1.4-2.6 (3.0) cm. long, mostly 1-2 cm. 
wide, occasionally smaller, rounded or obtuse or slightly cordate 
at the base, obtuse or abruptly acute at the apex; lateral veins 
2-5 pairs, most commonly 3 or 4 pairs. Flowers axillary, solitary, 
shortly pedicellate or almost sessile, bracteate; peduncles al- 
most absent; pedicels 2-8 mm. long, densely villous; bracts two, 
opposite, close to leaf axils, linear or linear-lanceolate, 3-6 
mm. long. Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate 
at the apex, 9-14 mm. long, 7-12 mm. wide, slightly unequal, or 
subequal, partially united at the extreme base, densely villous 
outside, soft-coriaceous or subcoriaceous. Corolla blue or bluish 
purple, paler on interplicae and lower part, 3.5-5 cm. long, 
2.8-4 cm. wide, funnel-form or tubular campanulate, 5-10 lobu- 
late or subentire, hirsute with scattered long hairs on inter- 
plicae, glabrous on plicae. Stamens included; filaments with 
long, frequently interwoven, white hairs, unequal; anthers 3-4 mn. 
long, cordate at the base. Ovary conical, with long hairs near 
the apex; styles bifid about one-fourth the length, slightly to 
distinctly longer than filaments, with scattered and long hairs 
to nearly glabrous, with unequal stylar branches; stigmas minute. 
Capsules globose, apiculate, villous near the apex, usually 2- 
to 4-seeded, rarely 1-seeded by abortion; seeds globose, com- 
pressed on the inner side, glabrous, brown. Cotyledons bilobed 
(being emarginate at the apex and cordate at the base), flat while 
young, folded when mature. 


Type: Mexico: On the Rio Grande below San Carlos, C.C. 
Parry, October (GH). 


Limited to the valley of the Rio Grande River, on deep, sandy, 
arid plains in Mexico and Texas (Map 5). 


The distribution of this species has been extended to New Mex- 
ico by House (1907), but no specimen has been seen to authenticate 
such extension. Further collections of this species are needed, 
as it is known only from two locations and representative specimens 
are very rare, even in the larger herbaria. 


This species is more closely related to B. multicaulis than 
to any other known species of the genus. It can, however, be 
distinguished from the latter by its oval leaves, wiry or thin 
procumbent stems, filaments with long hairs and longer stylar 
fusion. 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 181 


Specimens examined: 

MEXICO: Coahuila: Rio Grande, below San Carlos, C.C. Parry, 
October, Mexican Boundary Survey under the direction of Major W.H. 
Emory (GH). 

UNITED STATES: Texas: Brewster County: Big Bend National 
Park, arid desert plains and hills, Boquillas Canyon, locally 
common along edge of slope of deep sand, G.L. Webster 4482, July 
22, 1952 (SMU, W). 


15. Bonamia multicaulis (Brandg.) House, N.Y. State Mus. Bull. 
233-234: 61. 1922. 
Breweria multicaulis Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 
4:185. 1911. 


Perennial, woody subshrubs. Roots woody, thick, with pulpy 
bark. Stems woody, terete, densely sericeous with silvery hairs, 
numerous annual culms from thick stumps of previous-year shoots, 
5-6 mm. near the base, occasionally thicker, 2-6 dm. high. Leaves 
sessile, rarely with short petioles of 1-2 mm., soft and leathery 
or subcoriaceous, densely sericeous on both surfaces; blades lanceo- 
late, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 4-10 mm. wide, mostly cuneate or rarely 
acute or obtuse at the base, acuminate or acute at the apex; veins 
inconspicuous except the midrib, rarely lower pair of lateral 
veins barely visible. Flowers axillary, solitary, shortly pedun- 
culate or shortly pedicellate or almost sessile; bracts two, linear 
or linear-lanceolate, 4-6 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, densely seri- 
ceous. Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, 
10-13 mm. long, 6-8 mm. wide, equal or slightly unequal, densely 
sericeous or villous, soft-coriaceous or subcoriaceous. Corolla 
blue, paler on interplicae and lower part, 3-4 cm. long, with 
limb of about 2.5-3.5 cm. in diameter, tubular-campanulate, entire 
or subentire, hirsute on interplicae, glabrous on plicae; tube 
short, about 1 cm. long. Stamens included; filaments glabrous 
with short, scattered hairs above, pilose on the basal parts adnate 
to corolla tube; anthers oblong or oblong-ovate, 3-5 mm. long, 
slightly cordate at the base, rounded at the apex. Ovary long- 
hirsute or sericeous, conical; styles bifid toward the middle or 
higher, glabrous above, with scattered hairs near the base, longer 
than filaments, slightly shorter than corolla; stigmas minute. 
Fruits valvular capsules, 2- to 4-seeded, or one-seeded due to 
aborted condition, conical, sericeous, becoming less sericeous 
in age; seeds glabrous, black or dark brown. Cotyledons oboval or 
bilobed with emarginate apices; cotyledonary petioles free. 


Type: On sand dunes near Sierra del Rey, Coahuila, Mexico, 


C.A. Purpus 4457, June, 1910 (UC). 


From the material examined, it appears that this species is 
localized in Coahuila in northern Mexico (Map 5). 


Brandegee, in describing this species, correctly stated that 
it is nearest to B. ovalifolia. The two species are similar in 


182 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 


their habit, indumentum, sepals and corolla. However, B. multi- 
caulis can readily be distinguished from B. ovalifolia by its 
narrow, lanceolate leaves, thicker and erect stems, and nearly 


glabrous filaments. 


Specimens examined: 

MEXICO: Coahuila: On sand dunes, near Sierra del Rey, C.A. 
Purpus 4457, June, 1910 (UC-holotype; BM, F, GH, MO, US-isotypes) ; 
21 mi. west of El Oro, road to Guimbalete, flowers blue, $.S. White 
2013, July 24, 1939 (GH, MEXU, MICH). 


16. Bonamia sericea (Griseb.) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16:528. 1893. 
Breweria sericea Griseb. Pl. Lorentz. 181. 1874. 
Convolvulus Breweraceus 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 3(2):212. 1898. 


Perennial shrubby or herbaceous-suffrutescent, erect or procum- 
bent plants. Roots woody, thick near the base. Stems woody at 
the base, 5-15 mm. thick; new stems herbaceous above, somewhat woody 
at the base, 15-40 cm. high, 1-3 mm. thick, densely to finely seri- 
ceous with soft-appressed short hairs; internodes 5-40 mm. long. 
Leaves shortly petiolate, coriaceous, subcoriaceous or membranous, 
sericeous on both upper and lower surfaces; petioles 1-7 mm. long; 
blades elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-ovate, 8-35 mm. 
long, 3-20 mm. wide, obtuse, acute or attenuate at the base, obtuse 
or abruptly acute and mucronate at the apex; midrib prominent with 
4-6 pairs of lateral veins. Flowers shortly pedunculate, solitary 
or in cymes of 2-3, axillary or frequently terminal; peduncles 
short, 3-10 mm. long, sericeous; pedicels 2-5 mm. long, sericeous; 
bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, minute, 2-3 mm. long. Sepals 
ovate or ovate-acuminate, acute or acuminate at the apex, concave, 
7-10 mm. long, 3-4.5 mm. wide, pubescent. Corolla white, infundi- 
buliform-campanulate, 15-30 mm. long, ferrugineous—pubescent on 
interplicae. Stamens included; filaments glandular villous near 
the base; anthers oblong-sagittate, 3.5-4.5 mm. long. Ovary conical, 
densely pilose-hirsute near the apex; styles 12-14 mm. long, bifid 
above the middle; stigmas subglobose-capitate, papilose. Capsules 
subglobose or conical, 5-6 mm. in diameter, pilose-hirsute at the 
apex; seeds black, 3-5 mm. long, glabrous. Cotyledons oval, cor- 
date at the base; cotyledonary petioles fused. 


Type: Argentina: Cordoba; not available. 


Known only from northern Argentina, where it seems to be fairly 
abundant at an altitude of about 400-500 m. at a few localities 
(Map 6). Although it has been collected more than other species 
from southern South America, its habitat is poorly known. One 
collector (Venturi 2074) noted its habitat as a railroad embankment. 
It has been collected in flower in October, November and December 
and in fruit in December. 


This species is rather variable in leaf shape and size, and in 
indumentum of stems and leaves. Mainly on account of these features, 
O'Donnell separated it into two varieties. 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 183 


Distribution of 


B. sericea 


© var. sericea 
var. latifolia 
% B. boliviana 


MB. holtii 


Map 6 


184 PbO GOvaeTa Vol. 17, no. 3 
Key to Varieties 


1. Plants densely sericeous; leaves 3-10 mm. wide, 8-20 mm. long, 
narrowly elliptic to lanceolate. ....... . var. sericea 


1. Plants less densely or sparsely sericeous or puberulous, with 
softer and shorter hairs; leaves 4-20 mm. wide, 15-35 mm. long, 
elliptic to elliptic-ovate. ........ . svar. latifolia 


B. sericea (Griseb.) Hall. f. var. sericea. 


Stems 15-30 cm. long, densely pubescent; old stems woody, 5-15 
mm. thick; internodes 5-15 mm. long. Leaves shortly petiolate, 
densely sericeous on both upper and lower surfaces; petioles 1-4 
mm. long; blades narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 8-20 mm. long, 
3-10 mm. wide, acute or obtuse and mucronate at the apex. Pedicels 
5-14 long; bracts 2-3 mm. long. Sepals 8-10 mm. long, 3-4.5 mm. 
wide. Corolla 15-30 mm. long. 


Specimens examined: 

ARGENTINA: Cordoba: Althos del S. Y. 0. B.W. Bodenbender 
8823 (NY, R); E. Fielding (BM); Ischilin, Quilino al km. 855, 
T. M Meyer 13543, 16. XII. 1947 (W); Ischilin, La Florida, ‘ever 
13730, 16. XII. 1947 (W); Barrio S. Martin, C.A. O'Donnel J.M. 
Rodrig uez 329, 17. III. 1944 (F, UC). Chaco (RA): en los Campos ; 
flor. blanco, alt. 250, S. Venturi 9794, November 19, 1929 (BM). 


B. sericea (Griseb.) Hall. f. var. latifolia O0'Donell, Lilloa 
29231. 1959. 


Stems 20-40 cm. long, sparsely sericeous; old stems woody, 
5-30 mm. thick; internodes 1-4 cm. long. Leaves shortly petiolate, 
sparsely sericeous; petioles 2-7 mm. long; blades elliptic to 
elliptic-ovate, 15-35 mm. long, 4-20 mm. wide, obtuse or occa- 
sionally acute and mucronate at the apex. Pedicels 5-8 mm. long; 
bracts 2-4 mm. long. Sepals 7-10 mm. long, 3-4.5 mm. wide. Co- 
rolla 30 mm. long. 


Type: Argentina: type specimen not available. 


Specimens examined: 

ARGENTINA: Sgo del Estero, Ojo de Agua (alrededores), B 
Baleguo 1379, 17. XII. 1947 (W); Tucuman, Cruz Alta, saliendo 
de Las Cejas por el ramal que va a Antilla, C.A. O'Donell 5413, 
14. XI. 1947 (W); Las Cejas, Tucuman, 450 m., Schreiter 3956 
("1799"), 18. XL. 1923 (GH, NY, US); Santiago del Estero, El 
Palomara Pampa Pozo, 400 m., fl. blanca, Schreiter 6706 ("4046"), 
15. XI. 1931 (NY); Las Cejas, Cruz Alta, 400 m., blanca, 0.40 
m., en campos abiertos, S. Venturi 1525, December 3, 1921 (US); 
Las Cejas, Cruz Alta, 400 m., flor blanca (Terraplen del F.C. a 
Antillas), Venturi 2074, October 21, 1923 (A, GH, NY, US). 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 185 
17. Bonamia boliviana O'Donell, Lilloa 23:458, tab. 1. 1950. 


Perennial woody climbers. Stems twining, terete, 1-2.5 mm. in 
diameter, tomentose, with internodes of 1-4 cm. long. Leaves pet- 
iolate, subcoriaceous or soft-coriaceous, tomentose and glabres- 
cent above, more densely tomentose underneath; petioles 2-9 mm. 
long, tomentose; blades elliptic to ovate, 1-4 cm. long, mostly 
7-23 mm. wide, rounded, subcordate or truncate at the base, ob-—- 
tuse-mucronate or acute-mucronate at the apex; midrib impressed 
above, prominent beneath, with 5-7 pairs of lateral veins. Flowers 
solitary, in axils of normal or reduced leaves or in axillary 
racemose inflorescences of few flowers on short branches; pedun- 
cles short, 1-4 mm. or rarely longer, tomentose; pedicels 3-9 
mm. long, tomentose; bracts linear, alternate or occasionally op- 
posite, 2-4 mm. long, tomentose. Sepals slightly unequal or equal, 
coriaceous or subcoriaceous; outer ovate to subovate, 5-6 mm. long, 
4.5-5 mm. wide, concave, obtuse, tomentose; inner suborbicular, 
4.5-5.5 mm. long. 4.5-5 mm. wide, obtuse, tomentose above, glabrous 
along lateral hyaline margins. Corolla pale yellow, campanulate, 
17-18 mm. long, with entire or subentire limb, ferrugineous with 
long hairs on interplicae. Stamens included, 12-13 mm. long; fila- 
ments pilose with long hairs near the base; anthers oblong, 2.5-3 
mm. long. Ovary fusiform and attenuate to the stylar base, gla- 
brous; styles free nearly to the base, glabrous, unequal; stigmas 
reniform. Fruits and seeds unknown. 


Type: Bolivia: Cordillera, La Cuesta, 386 m., flor amaril- 
lenta, I. Peredo, 8. II. 1946 (F, NY, US, W-isotypes). 


Known only by the type collection from Bolivia (Map 6). 


This species is poorly known. Since furit and seed are not 
known, its placement in the section Bonamia is tentative until 
future collections are available. 


In superficial appearance, this species resembles some Bra- 
zilian species, particularly B. subsessilis and B. burchellii. 
However, it is well distinguished from these by its smaller leaves 
with indistinct intercostal veins, shorter stem and solitary or 
few-flowered cymes. It is also distinct from B. subsessilis by 
its pedicelled flowers. Future collections might show that this 
species should properly be placed in the section Trichantha to- 
gether with these Brazilian species. 


18. Bonamia holtii O'Donell, Lilloa 30:59. 1960. 


Perennial twining vines. Stems becoming woody, terete or 
slightly angular and striated, 1-2.5 mm. thick, sparsely and mi- 
nutely pubescent; internodes mostly 4-8 cm. long. Leaves shortly 
petiolate, subcoriaceous or leathery, sparsely pilose or becoming 
glabrous; petioles 8-17 mm. long, sparsely pilose; blades elliptic 
or elliptic-ovate, 5-9 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, rounded and slight- 
ly asymmetrical at the base, acute-mucronate or acuminate at the 


186 PoE Ti0 LO:Gr ha Vol. 17, no. 3 


apex; midrib prominent beneath, with 4-6 pairs of lateral veins. 
Inflorescences shortly pedunculate, axillary, dense-capitate cymes 
of few to several flowers; peduncles short, 2-9 mm. long, 1-1.5 mn. 
thick, minutely pubescent or sericeous; bracts foliaceous, ellip- 
tic or elliptic-lanceolate, 6-12 mm. long, 1.5-5 mm. broad; bract- 
eoles lanceolate, 3-5 mm. long, sericeous. Sepals coriaceous or 
subcoriaceous, slightly unequal; outer sepals lanceolate or ovate- 
lanceolate, 8-10 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, acute or acuminate at 

the apex, appressed-tomentose or finely pubescent outside; inner 
sepals elliptic, ovate or ovate-elliptic, 6-7 mm. long, 4-5 mm. 
wide, obtuse or obtuse-acute at the apex, nearly glabrous or some- 
what pubescent on the median lines. Corolla white, infundibuli- 
form, 1.2-1.9 cm. long, with 5-lobulate or subentire limb, long- 
pilose on interplicae. Stamens inserted; filaments 7-14 mm. long, 
glabrous; anthers oblong, 3 mm. long, dorsifixed, sagittate at the 
base. Ovary ovoid, long-pilose at the apex, glabrous below; styles 
fused for lower one-fourth and free above, filiform, glabrous; 
stigmas capitate. Capsules subglobose, 4 mm. in diameter, long- 
pilose at the apex, 4-valvular, 4-seeded; seeds black, 3 mm. 

long, glabrous, rugose. Cotyledons cordate, slightly asymmetrical, 
rounded at the apex; cotyledonary petioles fused. 


Type: Colombia: Rio Orinoco, Boca del Vichada, alt. about 
100 m., E.G. Holt and W. Gehriger 223, January 12-24, 1930 (US- 
holotype; isotype at Caracas, Venezuela, not seen). The labels 
of the type carried the data, "Venezuela, Amazonas Territory: 
Rio Orinoco; Boca del Vichada;" thus specifying a location in 
Colombia at the mouth of the Rio Vichada. The species is endemic 
to this region and known only by the type collection (Map 6). 


This species is different from all other South American species 
by its capitate inflorescence, acute or acuminate sepals, foliaceous 
bracts and bracteoles, and slightly twining and somewhat striated 
stem. It is, however, distantly related to B. umbellata because 
of the similarity in their inflorescence and indumentum. Bonamia 
holtii is poorly known and is described from two sheets of the same 
collection. The specific name is derived from the name of its 
collector and was first used as an unpublished name under the genus 
Prevostea by Dr. H. Pittier, a field botanist of Venezuela. 


19. Bonamia maripoides Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16:529. 1893. 
~~ Maripa spectabilis Choisy, in D. C. Prodr. 9:327. 1845. 
Prevostea spectabilis Meissner, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 7:325. 
1869. : 
Calycobolus spectabilis (Choisy) House, Bull. Torr. Bot. 
Club. 34: 146. 1907. 


Perennial, twining liana growing all year around. Stems woody, 
terete, yellowish or brownish tomentose, glabrescent, climbing to 
20 m. or higher. Leaves petiolate, subcoriaceous, glabrous and 
shing above, golden or yellowish sericeous (with unidirectional 
hairs) beneath; petioles 8-15 mm. long, sericeous and glabrescent; 


1968 


Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 


187 


\ \ ( 
| | i Oe 
: by Distribution of 
at 
\ \ i a @ 5. maripoides 
\ ‘ H 
\ , ie * &B. ferruginea 
\ ap) 
( 
jj 
AN 
= Nal ee 


188 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 


blades broad-ovate or elliptic, 6-14 mm. long, mostly 3-7.5 cm. 
broad, shortly acuminate or obtuse at the apex, rounded at the 
base, with 6-10 pairs of lateral veins. Inflorescences axillary, 
shortly peduncled, compound, umbelliform cymes, often secund; 
pedicels distinctly elongate, usually 1-2 cm. long, densely seri- 
ceous and glabrescent, ridged; bracts small, lanceolate, often 
inconspicuous. Sepals coriaceous, mostly equal or slightly un- 
equal in length, the two exterior orbicular or broad-elliptic, 
acutish and tomentose, the three interior orbicular, obtuse and 
nearly glabrous. Corolla white, funnel-shaped, mostly 2-2.5 em. 
long, yellow-villous on interplicae, glabrous on plicae, entire 
or subentire. Stamens included; filaments, short, adnate to 
corolla tube, glabrous; anthers oblong, about 2 mm. long. Ovary 
hairy; styles bifid or free nearly to the base, longer than fila- 
ments; stigmas globose. Capsule ovate, acute, hairy at the apex, 
8-valved, 4- (2-) seeded, about 6 mm. long and 5 mm. in diameter. 
Seeds ovate, compressed on the inner side, 3-4 mm. long, black, 
glabrous. Cotyledons ovate or obovate. 


Type: Brazil: type specimen not available. 
Northern Brazil, British Guiana and Surinam (Map 7). 


According to the collectors, this species is a high-climbing 
woody vine to 20 m. on lofty shrubs or in virgin forest. No 
definite habitat has been recorded by any collector. It has been 
collected in flower in March, April, August and October, and in 
fruit in February, March, May, June and July. 


Specimens examined: 

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Borba, Rio Madeira, R.L. Froes 26109, 28. 
11. 1950 (US). Para: Belem do Para, A. Ducke 3304, 5. 3. 1903 
(RB, US); Belem do Para, M. Guedes 1602, 28. 5. 1898 (US). Peram- 
buco: Estrada de aldeia, flores alvas, trepadeira, C. Leal e Otavis 
Silva, 19. 7. 1950 (RB); flowers very numerous, white, abundant at 
one spot in the matto of Berberibe, climbing over the tops of lofty 
shrubs, Ridley, Lea and Ramage, October 4, 1887 (BM). 

BRITISH GUIANA: Bullet Tree Island: Ebini Experiment Station, 
Berbice River, margin of jungle, S.G. Harrison 1243, 28. VI. 1958 
K). 
yy SURINAM: M. Berthond—Coulon 219, 1841 (BM); Forest Reserve Zan- 
deriz 1, sand virgin forest, bud brown, liana, J. Lanjouw 362, July 
31, 1933 (NY); Saramacca River, liana climbing to 20 m., leaves 
dark green above, tawny sericeous beneath, bush to rear of Jacob 
Kondre, Bassett Maguire 23761, June 19, 1944 (BM, F, NY, US); Cop— 
pername River near Onobissi, "B.W." 1103, 4. 3. 1915 (L); Copper- 
name River, Raleighfalls, "B.W." 6232, 2. 8. 1923 (NY, US). Lo- 
cation indefinite: Berlyn, Scandens in sylvis Paraensis prope 


plant, flores albi, F.L. Splitgerber 743 (L); Splitgerber 362 (L). 
20. Bonamia brevipedicellata Myint and Ward, sp. nov. 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 189 


Bonamia maripoides 


Figure 3 


Leaf shape, inflorescence and floral parts of 
B. brevipedicellata, and inflorescence and 
floral parts of B. maripoides 


190 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 


Frutex alte scandens, usque 16m. Folia petiolis 2-3 em. 
longis; laminae ellipticae vel ovato-ellipticae, 8-12 cm. longae, 
4-7 cm. latae, basi rotundata vel obtusa, apice breviter acumi- 
nato, supra glabrae, infra dense tenui-pubescentes. Inflorescen- 
tiae cymae breviter pedunculatae, dense multiflorae. Pedunculi 
breves, plerumque 1-3 cm. longi. Sepalo ovato-orbicularia, suba- 
equalia, 4-5 mm. longa, dense tenui-pubescentia. Corolla campan- 
ulata,y 1-1.2 cm. longa,limbo angusto, viridi-alba, prompta de- 
cidua. Stamina inclusa; fila glabra; antherae basi cordata. 
Styli libri ad basim, minores quam 1 cm. longi; stigmata peltato- 
subglobosa. Fructus et semina ignota. 


Perennial, woody vines. Stems terete, about 1-2.5 cm. in 
diameter and 16 m. tall, puberulous or glabrescent. Leaves petio- 
late, membranous to subcoriaceous, glabrous above, densely fine- 
pubescent with unidirectional hairs underneath; petioles 2-3 cm. 
long, 1.5-2.5 mm. thick, finely pubescent or puberulous and glabres- 
cent, canaliculate above; blades elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 8-12 
cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at the base, shortly 
acuminate or acute at the apex; midrib impressed above, prominent 
beneath, with 5-6 pairs of lateral veins. Inflorescences shortly 
pedunculate, dense multiflorous cymes in the axils of young or 
reduced leaves on short branches; peduncles 4-10 mm. long, finely 
pubescent; pedicels short, mostly 1-3 mm. long, pubescent; bracts 
minute, 1-2 mm. long, linear. Sepals ovate-orbicular, subequal, 
4-5 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, densely fine-pubescent with grey or 
Silvery grey hairs. Corolla greenish tinged, readily dropping off, 
campanulate, 1-1.2 cm. long, with narrow limb, hirsute on inter- 
plicae; tube cylindrical, wide, about 4 mm. long. Stamens in- 
cluded; filaments glabrous; anthers oblong, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, cor- 
date at the base. Ovary conical, with long hairs at the apex, 
glabrous near the base; styles free to the base, glabrous, equal 
or slightly unequal, the longer less than 1 cm. long; stigmas 
peltate-subglobose. Fruits and seeds not known. 


Type: British Honduras: Machaca, alt. 50 ft., very tall 
vine growing in broken forest in swampy places; flowers light 
green which easily drop off in the process of felling. "Rare," 
50 ft., 1 in. diameter, W.A. Schipp 1210, September 11, 1933 (GH). 


Although the type material is incomplete, it is clearly dis- 
tinct from all other known species. The material, even though 
lacking fruits and seeds, is sufficient to permit a technical des- 
cription. The name B. brevipedicellata is derived from the very 
brief pedicels. i 


This species is superficially very suggestive of B. maripoides, 
to which it is definitely related because of similarity of leaves, 
indumentum, sepals, cordate anthers, glabrous filaments, free styles 
and subglobose stigmas. However, B. brevipedicellata shows a series 
of distinctive features which appear to offer a sound basis for ad- 
judging it a separate species. The leaves in B. maripoides are 
densely pubescent with long appressed hairs, whereas the hairs are 


1968 . Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 191 


shorter and soft in the B. brevipedicellata. The inflorescences 

in B. maripoides are loose compound cymes, while the cymes in 

B. brevipedicellata are dense. Individual flowers are long-pedi- 
cellate in B. maripoides, while they are short=pedicellate or 
almost sessile in B. brevipedicellata. The corolla in this species 
is very small (with a narrow and short limb) compared to the 

large corolla in B. maripoides and, as described by the collector, 
is greenish and readily deciduous (Figure 3). 


This species probably is a large climber, reaching to a height 
of 16 m., and is rare according to the collector. It has been 
misidentified as a species of the Solanaceous genus Lysianthes. 


21. Bonamia ferruginea (Choisy) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16:530. 1893. 
Prevostea ferruginea Choisy, Annal. Sci. Nat. 4:498. 1825. 
Breweria ferruginea Hook. f. & Jackson, Ind. Kew. 1:337. 

1893. 
Calycobolus ferruginea (Choisy) House, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 
34:146. 1907. 


Not Trichantha ferruginea Karst. & Triana, Linnaea 28:438. 
1856. 


Perennial, densely ferrugineous, woody climbers. Stems twining 
or scandent, terete, densely tomentose—ferrugineous with crisped 
and brownish hairs, frequently branching. Leaves shortly petiolate, 
herbaceous, subcoriaceous and soft or leathery, densely ferrugineous 
on both surfaces, more densely so underneath, with brown or reddish 
brown hairs; blades broad-ovate or elliptic-ovate, 5-13 cm. long, 
3-8 cm. wide (upper leaves subtending inflorescence and on young 
shoots smaller), abruptly acute or obtuse and mucronate at the apex, 
rounded or cordate at the base; midrib prominent, with about 6-10 
pairs of lateral veins. Inflorescences sessile or pedunculate, 
multiflorous, capitate cymes in the axils of upper or reduced leaves, 
frequently on short lateral branches; peduncles, when present, fer- 
rugineous like stems; pedicels absent or very short, frequently some- 
what elongate in fruiting stage; bracts linear, 5-10 mm. long, oc- 
casionally reduced, ferrugineous. Sepals coriaceous, unequal; the two 
exterior larger, broad-ovate, 8-10 mm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, occasionally 
smaller, densely ferrugineous outside, pubescent along recurved margin 
inside, obtuse and reflexed at the apex; the three interior smaller, 
orbicular or ovate-orbicular, 4-6 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, glabrous 
or sparsely minute-—pubescent, rounded or truncate at the apex. Co- 
rolla white, tubular-campanulate, 1.2-1.8 mm. long, with sublobulate 
limb, pilose outside on interplicae, glabrous on plicae; tube dis- 
tinct, narrow. Stamens included; filaments glabrous; anthers oblong, 
3-4 mm. long, cordate at the base. Ovary globose or conical-globose, 
apiculate, 4-valved, 2- to 4-seeded; seeds triangular-ovate, brown, 
glabrous. Cotyledons oval-cordate, rounded or truncate at the apex, 
broadly cordate at the base, in hard cartilagenous endosperm; coty- 
ledonary petioles fused. 


Type: Brazil, Amazonas: type specimen not available. 


192 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 


Judging from the specimens examined in this study, this species 
appears to be localized in the states of Amazonas, northwestern 
Brazil, from Manaus and Borba to Tefe (Map 7). A few collectors 
recorded edge of forest and dry highland as the habitat of this 
species. It has been collected in flower from May to September 
and in fruit from August to October. 


This species was originally described under Prevostea (=Caly- 
cobolus) by Choisy and was accepted by Meissner. Hallier, reali- 
zing that its sepals are not accrescent, transferred it to Bonamia. 
House later transferred the species to Calycobolus because of the 
unequal sepals which he erroneously thought characterized this 
latter genus. 


Specimens examined: 

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaos, loco Flores, silva secundaria non 
inundabili, Frutex scandens, flor. albis, Ducke 210, 30. 5. 1936 
(A, R); Tefe, A. Ducke 18017, 15. 6. 1906 (RB); municipality of 
Borba, near Urucurituba, basin of Tio Madeira, B.A. Kruoff 5952, 
September 4-6, 1934 (BM), 5953 (G); Ega Amazonas, in Sylvan Margin, 
Poeppig 2589, September, 1831 (F, GH, W); Manaos, Estrada da Raiz, 
vine, flower white, R.E. Schultes and G.A. Black 8085, August 7-12, 
1946 (GH, MO, NY, US); Manaus, Schwacke 210, 1882 (R); ad oram 
meridionalem Rio Negro, usque ad coneursum flum. Solimoes, R. Spruce 
1568, Maio 1851 (BM, G, W); flowers white, J.W.H. Traill 558, 12. 
6. 1874 (K); Rio Negro, Windent auf Gestraiich bei Flores, Manaus, 
Bluto Weiss, E. Ule 5195, July 29, 1900 (G, HBG, L). Unknown col- 
lector: Fragment ex Herbario Musei Parisiensis (F). 


22. Bonamia umbellata (Choisy) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16:530. 1893. 
Prevostea umbellata Choisy, Ann. Sci. Nat. 4:497. 1825. 
Calycobolus umbellata (Choisy) House, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 

34:146. 1907. 


Perennial, ligneous or herbaceous and suffrutescent vines. 
Stems twining or scandent, 1.5-3 mm. thick, pilose while young, 
puberulous or becoming glabrous in age; internodes usually 3-8 cm. 
long, occasionally shorter. Leaves petiolate, soft and herbaceous, 
rarely leathery, appressed-pilose on upper surface, more densely 
so underneath, becoming less pilose or nearly glabrous in age; 
petioles 4-17 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. thick, pilose or glabrate; blades 
oblong-ovate, mostly 3.5-8 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, cordate, sub- 
cordate or occasionally rounded at the base, obtuse-mucronate at 
the apex, with about 5-7 pairs of lateral veins. Inflorescences 
pedunculate, axillary, subumbellate cymes of few to many flowers 
(mostly 5-15); peduncles variable in length, mostly 2-7 cm. long, 
occasionally much shorter, 1.5-2 mm. thick, slightly thicker when 
fruits mature, pilose as in stems; pedicels 5-15 mm. long, thinner 
than peduncles, pilose; bracts minute or foliaceous, lanceolate, 
2-17 mm. long. Sepals herbaceous or subcoriaceous, puberulous, 
glabrescent or with scattered hairs; exterior two larger, ovate, 
6-10 mm. long, 5—9 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded at the apex; in- 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 193 


terior three narrower or shorter, usually glabrous (except at the 
base), ciliate. Corolla white, funnel-shaped, 2.5-3 cm. long, 
with tube slightly longer than sepals, subentire or lobulate at the 
limb, long-pilose on interplicae. Stamens included; filaments 
glabrous, shorter than styles; anthers oblong, about 3.3 mm. long, 
cordate at the base. Ovary conical, about 3-4 mm. long, glabrous; 
styles bifid for upper one-fourth or one-fifth, glabrous; stigmas 
globose—capitate. Capsules globose, 5-6 mm. in diameter, 4- 
valvular, 2— to 4-seeded; seeds triangular-ovate, 3-4 mm. long, 
dark brown, glabrous. Cotyledons ovate-cordate, rounded at the 
apex; cotyledonary petioles fused. 


Type: Brazil: type specimen not available. 
Known only from southern Brazil (Map 8). 


Meissner (1869), while treating this species under the genus 
Prevostea, proposed a new variety in addition to the typical one, 
mainly based on the length of petioles. This feature, however, 
is extremely variable and no satisfactory line can be drawn to 
account for infraspecific segregation in the species. As Hallier 
did not make a transfer of Meissner's new variety, it is evident 
that Hallier did not accept it. 


Specimens examined: 

BRAZIL: Burchell 775 (NY); Burchell 1858 (K); bushy places 
by Rio de Janeiro, Gardner 5560, July, 1841 (BM) ; Santa Theresa 
(Rio de Janeiro) voluvel, flores blanca, r. 26 de Dezembro de 1869, 
G. Glaziou 4131 (R); Rio de Janeiro, Schott 5462 (W); Rio de 
Janeiro, Sellow 225 (NY); Rio de Janeiro, G. Staunton (BM, W); 
Estado de Rio, Morro da Nova, Cintra, Trepadeira, E. Ule 3849, 
February 25, 1896 (HBG, R). 


23. Bonamia sphaerocephala (Dammer) v. Ooststr. Rec. Trav. Bot. 
Neerl. 33:212. 1936. 
Prevostea sphaerocephala Dammer, Bot. Jahrb. 23 (Beibl. 57): 
37. 1897. 

Perennial shrubby herbs growing erect from the base of old shoot. 
Stems woody, erect or suberect, about 50-80 cm. long, densely tomen— 
tose or lanate with grey or silvery grey soft hairs; young stems 
3-4 mm. thick, single or occasionally with one or two lateral 
branches. Leaves sessile or subsessile, subcoriaceous, lanate or 
tomentose on upper surface, densely white woolly underneath; blades 
oblong-elliptic, ovate-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 2-4.5 cm. 
long, 1-2 cm. wide, sometimes slightly narrower, subcordate or 
truncate at the base, obtuse-mucronate or acute-mucronate at the 
apex; revolute at the margin; veins distinctly impressed above, 
prominent underneath; lateral veins 3-5 (6) pairs. Inflorescence 
terminal, multiflorous, dense capitate, 2-3.5 cm. in diameter; 
flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate; bracts linear, as long as 
and long-pilose as the sepals. Sepals coriaceous or subcoriaceous , 
unequal; exterior two larger, thicker, lanceolate-acuminate, 6-8 
mn. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, densely long-—pilose outside; inner three 


19h PHYTOLOGIA 


« m e . | 
' 
pet : 
cS | eee 
~4— — LU 
er \ io . 
; 
Nz -— ) r?| i 
ek: 
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Vol. 17, no. 3 


Distribution of 


\ 3 
ef ‘e — % B. umbellata 
" \ 4 B. sphaerocephala 
\ 
ay © B. kuhlmannii 
A i | 4 3B. peruviana 
y /' 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 195 


smaller and submembranous, lanceolate and shortly acuminate or 
acute, 4-5 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, long-pilose outside. Corolla 
white or blue, tubular-campanulate or funnel-form, slightly longer 
than outer sepals, mostly 9-12 mm. long, densely long-pilose on 
interplicae, with narrow, entire or subentire limb. Stamens in- 
cluded; filaments glabrous, slightly shorter than styles; anthers 
oblong. Ovary conical, with dense, long hairs near the apex; 
styles bifid for upper half, hairy at the base; stylar branches 
glabrous; stigmas globose-capitate. Capsules subangular globose, 
apiculate, finely pubescent near the apex, glabrous below, with 
coriaceous wall, 2— to 4-seeded, breaking by annular scission at 
the base; seeds oval, glabrous, dark brown. Cotyledons oval. 


Type: Brazil, Haut de la Serra Dourada, a Olha d'Agua pres 
de Goyaz, M.A. Glaziou 21797, August 13, 1895 (BM-lectotype, R- 
isotype). Van Ooststroom designated a specimen at Berlin as the 
type; this material, however, was not included in a recent loan 
and is presumed to have been destroyed during the war. A dupli- 
cate specimen at the British Museum is designated here as the 
lectotype. 


This species is known from southern Brazil (Map 8). Van 
Ooststroom reported it from Minas Geraes, but no specimen was seen 
in the present study. Further collections with detailed descrip- 
tion of habitat and flower color are to be desired, since its 
habitat is not recorded by the collectors and flower color is 
differently recorded by the same collector (Glaziou 21797, BM, R). 


The outstanding features of this species are the strongly 
nerved and lanate leaves with long mucros, the erect and single 
stem, terminal globose heads, lanceolate-acuminate sepals with 
long hairs and small corolla. It seems to be related to the 
African species, B. mossambicensis, because of the following com- 
mon features: inflorescence dense, unequal sepals with long hairs, 
and long bracts with long hairs. However, the two can be readily 
distinguished by their habit, length of stem, shape, size, apices 
and petioles of leaves and size of sepals and corolla. 


Specimens examined: 

BRAZIL: Haut de la Serra Dourada, Goyaz, fl. blanc, M.A. 
Glaziou 21797, August 13, 1895 (BM); Serra Dourada (Goyaz), frutes-— 
cente, flores azulos, Glaziou 21797, August 13, 1895 (R); Serra 
Dourada, Goias, subarbusto campestre, Agnes, A. Macedo 3730, 30. 
Vaal Gl 52e((MO), ONY) 


24. Bonamia kuhlmannii Hoehne, Anex. Mem. Inst. Butantan 1 (4): 
44, tab. 2. 1922. 


Perennial, high-climbing, shrubby vines. Stems woody, 2-4 mm. 
thick, densely short-ferrugineous or subvelutinous. Leaves petio- 
late, submembranous or soft and leathery, softly velutinous on 
both surfaces, lighter in color underneath; petioles 1-2.5 cm. long, 


196 Poe TO TO ss Vol. 17, no. 3 


1-2 mm. thick, shortly ferrugineous; blades ovate or ovate-cordate, 
5-12 cm. long, 3-8 cm. wide, cordate or truncate, rarely rounded 

at the base, obtuse-mucronate at the apex; midrib slightly impres- 
sed above, prominent beneath, with 5-7 pairs of lateral veins. 
Inflorescences shortly pedunculate, axillary, simple or compound 
cymes of few to several flowers; peduncles 1-2 cm. long, 1-2 mm. 
thick, short-ferrugineous as peduncles, bracts small, linear or 
triangular-acuminate, 1-2 mm. long, ferrugineous. Sepals subcoria- 
ceous or herbaceous, unequal; exterior two larger, ovate or ovate- 
subcordate, 1.2-2 cm. long, 10-17 mm. wide, occasionally smaller, 
adnate to pedicels at the base, obtuse at the apex, densely velu- 
tinous-ferrugineous outside, shortly ferrugineous inside (except 

at the glabrous center), interior three ovate-orbicular, 5-7 mm. 
long, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Corolla white, narrowly 
campanulate or funnel-form, 2.5 cm. long, sparsely pilose on inter- 
plicae. Stamens included; filaments glabrous; anthers oblong, 
Ssagittate at the base. Ovary ovoid-conical, glabrous; styles bi- 
fid to the middle or nearly to the base; stigmas globose. Fruits 
unknown. 


Type: Brazil: Mato-Grosso: Comissao Rondon, entre Buriti 
e Formigueiro, liana do cerrado, fl. alva, J.G. Kuhlmann 2268, 
6-1918 (R-isotype). 


This is a poorly known species, rarely collected and so far 
known only by the type collection from southwestern Brazil (Map 8). 
The type specimen was collected with flowers which mostly are only 
in bud. Its fruit is unknown and a complete description of the 
species has to wait future collections. 


This species is characterized by its completely ferrugineous 
parts, large leaves (cordate or subcordate at the base), unequal 
sepals, short peduncles and nearly free styles. It, however, is 
distinct in its densely ferrugineous leaves, which are cordate or 
subcordate at the base and obtuse-mucronate at the apex, larger 
sepals, shorter peduncles and pedicels, and deeper bifurcation of 
styles. 


25. Bonamia peruviana van Ooststroom, Recu. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 30: 
19S2E 19333 


Perennial liana. Stems woody, scandent, 2-4 mm. thick, densely 
ferrugineous-tomentose; internodes 2-6.5 cm. long. Leaves petio- 
late, subcoriaceous or soft and leathery, minutely tomentose a- 
bove, more densely so underneath; petioles 6-16 mm. long, mostly 
1 mm. thick, tomentose similar to stems; blades ovate or ovate- 
elliptic, 5-7 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, rounded at the base, shortly 
and acutely acuminate at the apex; midrib distinctly impressed 
above, prominent beneath, with 6-8 pairs of lateral nerves. In- 
florescences pedunculate, axillary, simple or compound cymes of 
few to several flowers; peduncles 1.5-4.5 cm. long, sometimes 
apparently dichotomous due to absence of central flowers; pedicels 
slender, elongate 1.5-2 cm. long, occasionally longer, minutely 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 197 


tomentose, bracts linear-subulate, about 2 mm. long. Sepals sub- 
coriaceous or herbaceous, unequal; exterior two larger, broadly 
ovate, 8-14 mm. long, 7-12 mm. wide, densely ferrugineous-tomen- 
tose on both surfaces except glabrous center inside, subcordate 
at the base, obtuse or subobtuse at the apex; interior three smal- 
ler, orbicular, 4-5 mm. long, glabrous. Corolla white, infundi- 
buliform, 2-2.5 cm. long, sparsely pilose on interplicae. Stamens 
included; filaments filiform, glabrous; anthers oblong, 2.5-3 mm. 
long, cordate at the base. Ovary ovoid-conical, glabrous; styles 
bifid for the upper half, with slightly unequal branches; stigmas 
globose. Fruits glabrous, known only in immature stage; seeds 
glabrous. 


Type: Peru: Loreto: Michuyaeu, near Iquitos, at 100 m., 
liana, fls. white, clearing (forest) G. Klug 232, October-November , 
1929 (F-holotype; NY, US-isotypes; G, L-fragments). 


The type collection, the only material available for this 
study, was collected in flower and in young fruit, and is not 
sufficient for a description of the fruit. Cotyledons dissected 
from immature seeds appear to be ovate-cordate with fused cotyle- 
donary petioles. 


This species is closely related to B. kuhlmannii of south- 
western Brazil; however, it is different from the Brazilian species 
by its leaf size, form, apex and base, indumentum and smaller se- 
pals. Macbride (1959), in his Convolvulaceae of Peru, added a 
comment that the differences between B. peruviana and B. kuhlmannii 
may prove to be due to age and variability in a series of collec- 
tions. Since both species are known only from type collections , 
this statement cannot now be verified. From the materials avail- 
able at present they appear to differ in several features and thus 
are treated here as distinct species. 


II. Section: Breweria (R. Br.) Myint, Burma Jour. Life Sci. 1:31. 
1968. 
Breweria R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 487, 1910. 


Stems herbaceous, woody or becoming woody, prostrate, procum- 
bent, twining or erect, usually short, 1-2 m. long, rarely longer, 
mostly 1-2 mm. thick or slightly thicker. Leaves sessile or short- 
petiolate, soft, herbaceous, rarely subcoriaceous, mostly thin; 
blades elliptic, ovate-elliptic, oblong-elliptic, linear, lanceolate, 
oblong-ovate, ovate, ovate-subcordate or occasionally orbicular, 

3 cm. or shorter, rarely somewhat longer, mostly 2 cm. or narrower, 
rarely 2.5 cm. or slightly wider, with length-width ratio of 1.5 

or higher, occasionally lower, rounded, subcordate or truncate at 
the base; obtuse, rounded or slightly emarginate and mucronate at 
the apex. Flowers axillary, sessile or shortly pedunculate, soli- 
tary or rarely in simple cymes of two or three; bracts linear, small 
or as long as pedicels or longer, persistent. Sepals herbaceous, 
subcoriaceous or rarely somewhat coriaceous, equal or unequal, 
lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, ovate or ovate-acuminate, acute, 


198 Po Bolul:0 LQxQ: Tih Vol. 17, no. 3 


acuminate or rarely obtuse at the apex, mostly 4-8 mm. long, outer 
sepals 12 mm. long (when unequal). Corolla white, blue, pink or 
red, 8-15 mm. long, occasionally longer, subentire or 5- to 10—- 
lobulate at the margin. Stamens included; filaments glabrous or 
Sparsely villous or rarely densely villous below and glabrous 
above; anthers 1-2 mm. long, rarely longer, slightly cordate at 
the base. Ovary ovoid or oblong-ovoid, sparsely or densely pilose 
or glabrous; styles free nearly to the base or fused to the middle 
and readily separable to the base; vascular traces single in the 
stylar branches, not branched; stigmas globose, subglobose or 
capitate, usually large. Fruits 4—- to 8-valvular, 2- to 4-seeded, 
thin-walled; septum thin; seeds glabrous, smooth or punctate. 
Cotyledons ovate, obovate, ovate-cordate or orbicular, flat, fol- 
ded or somewhat corrugate. 


Type: Bonamia linearis (R. Br.) Hall. f. (as Breweria linearis 
Rey bene AMANO) 


Tropical Australia and southern Africa. 


This section is very sharply defined from section Trichantha, 
but not very distinctly from section Bonamia, from which it differs 
by its smaller corolla, thin and mostly smaller leaves, smaller 
sepals, solitary flowers or simple cymes, and peduncles very short 
or absent. 


The circumscription of this section and section Bonamia may 
necessarily be modified when the morphology of the plants involved 
is known better. 


26. Bonamia linearis (R. Br.) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16:530. 1893. 
Breweria linearis R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 488. 1810. 
Bonamia linearis (R. Br.) Hall. f. var. genuina Hall. f. 

Budd Herb.) Boiss. S:J00I. 1897. 


Perennial, herbaceous or suffrutescent vines. Stems prostrate 
or shortly twining, slender terete, becoming 3-9 dm. long, mostly 
1-2 mm. thick, soft-pilose or sparsely pilose, becoming almost 
glabrous in age; old stems 2-4 mm. thick; internodes 1-2.5 cm. 
long. Leaves shortly petiolate, soft, thin or submembranous, pi- 
lose with long and very fine hairs or becoming sparsely so or near- 
ly glabrous; petioles slender, 2-4 mm. long, pilose; blades linear 
or linear-lanceolate, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 2-6 mm. broad, occasionally 
slightly broader, acute or attenuate, rarely rounded or subtruncate 
at the base, acute or acuminate at the apex; veins indistinct ex- 
cept thin midrib. Flowers axillary, solitary, shortly pedicellate 
or nearly sessile; peduncles absent; pedicels 0-3 mm., pilose; 
bracts small, linear or filiform, 1-3 mm. long. Sepals ovate-lanceo- 
late or ovate-acuminate, 5-7 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, herbaceous, 
subcoriaceous near the base, equal or subequal, pilose or sericeous 
outside, acuminate or acute at the apex. Corolla white, funnel- 
shaped, 1-1.5 cm. long, long-pilose on interplicae. Stamens includ- 
ed; filaments filiform, glabrous above, scattered-villous on the 


199 


Bonamia 


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200 Por 2) TOs (OnE A Vol. 17, no. 3 


lower parts adnate to corolla tube; anthers oblong-oval, cordate 
at the base. Ovary oblong-oval, long-pilose; styles bifid to 

the middle or lower, filiform, glabrous; stigmas capitate or sub- 
globose-capitate. Capsules ovate-apiculate, pilose at the apex, 
2- to 4-seeded, 4-valvular; seeds oblong-ellipsoid, glabrous, 
black or brown. Cotyledons orbicular. 


Type: Australia (Nov. Hollandia tropical), F. Bauer 318, 
"1801-05" (W-isotype). 


Known from northern Queensland and islands of the Gulf of Car- 
pentaria, growing mostly on sandy grounds and coastal dunes (Map 9). 


This species has been collected in flower in April and June. 
Specimens with mature fruits were not available for this study. 


This species is closely related to B. media. Specimens (such 
as F.W. Whitehouse - BRI) with wider leaves are very similar to 
the typical variety of B. media and are vegetatively hardly distin- 
guishable from the latter. Hallier treated B. linearis and B. media 
as two distinct species in the first part of his synopsis, but later 
in the same paper he treated them as varieties of the same species. 
However, B. linearis seems to be distinct from B. media because 


of its larger corolla and generally narrower leaves (Figure 4). 


Specimens examined: 

AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: On landward edge of coastal 
dune, Little Lagoon, Groote Eylandt, in the Gulf of Carpentaria, 
prostrate herb, corolla white, R.L. Specht 230, April 13, 1948 
(L, US). Queensland: Gilvert River, Elgrey per N.A.R. Pollock 
(BRI); Doomadgee Mission, F.W. Whitehouse (BRI). Location inde- 
finite: Stannary Hills, T.L. Bancroft, June, 1909 (BRI); Nova 
Hollandia tropica, Ferd. Bauer 318 (W). 


27. Bonamia oblongifolia Myint, Burma Jour. Life. Sci. 1:32. 1968. 


Perennial, herbaceous or suffrutescent, densely ferrugineous 
plants. Stems terete, erect or suberect, densely ferrugineous with 
brown hairs, 1.5—2 dm. tall, about 3 mm. thick at the base; branches 
1-1.5 mm. thick. Leaves shortly petiolate or subsessile, subcoria- 


Figure 4 


Variations in sizes and shapes of leaves in B. media, 
B. brevifolia, B. oblongifolia and B. linearis 


1-9 B. media var. media x 2. 
10-13 B. media var. villosa x 2. 
14-16 B. brevifolia x 2. 

17-21 B. oblongifolia re AP 
22-26 B. linearis x 2. 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 


sg 


202 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 


ceous or leathery, densely ferrugineous on both surfaces; petioles 
1-2 mm. long or indistinct; blades oblong or rarely oblong-ellip- 
tic, 1-2 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, rounded at the base and apex; 
midrib slightly impressed above, distinct below; lateral veins in- 
visible (because of thick coating of hairs), 4-5 pairs. Flowers 
axillary, solitary, shortly pedicellate or almost sessile; pedun- 
cles absent; pedicels 1-1.5 mm. long, ferrugineous; bracts small, 
linear, 1-1.5 mm. long, frequently slightly exceeding pedicels in 
length. Sepals ovate, oblong-ovate, or ovate-acute, equal or slight- 
ly unequal, 3-4 mm. long, rarely slightly longer, coriaceous or 
subcoriaceous, acute or shortly acuminate at the apex, densely 
ferrugineous or sericeous with brownish hairs outside. Corolla 
blue, campanulate-funnelform, 6-8 mm. long, subentire or slightly 
lobulate at the margin, pilose on interplicae. Stamens included; 
filaments filiform, glabrous; anthers dorsifixed, oblong, 0.5=1 
mm. long. Ovary oblong with circular disc at the base, long- 
pilose near the apex; styles bifid to the middle, filiform, glab- 
rous; stigmas capitate. Capsules ovoid-conical, 5-6 mm. long, pi- 
lose at the apex, glabrous below, 2— to 4—seeded, 4—-valvular; seeds 
oblong-ellipsoid, 2.5 mm. long, black or dark brown, glabrous. 
Cotyledons orbicular or orbicular-ovate. 


Type: Western Australia: Ville de Broome, dans le gazon sur 
le sable "rues" de Broome, alt. ca. 5-10 m., herba, flos. bleue, 
B.P.G. Hochreutiner 2840, 4. II. 1905 (G). 


Known only from the type location, growing on a sandy or gravelly 
meadow (Map 9). 


The collector mentioned that this plant was herbaceous, but 
gave no actual habit. From the material examined, it appears to 
be erect. His specimen has been erroneously referred to as B. 
pannosa, which is very distinct in possessing unequal sepals, 
long bracts, and broad leaves. 


This plant is undoubtedly related to B. media because of simi- 
larity of the indumentum and to B. linearis because of narrow leaves 
(Figure 4). However, B. oblongifolia possesses a series of distine- 
tive features which offers a sound basis for adjudging it a separate 
species. The stem and its branches in B. oblongifolia are short, 
stout and thick at the base, and possess short internodes, while 
they are long, slender and weak in B. media and B. linearis. Leaves 
in B. oblongifolia are oblong or oblong-elliptic, sessile or sub- 
sessile, and rounded-at both ends. But leaves in B. media are 
ovate-lanceolate or ovate-subcordate, shortly petiolate, obtuse, 
truncate or subcordate at the base, and acute, obtuse or emar- 
ginate at the apex. Leaves in B. linearis are linear or linear- 
lanceolate, distinctly petiolate, attenuate, acute or obtuse at 
the base and acute at the apex. Sepals in B. oblongifolia are 
smaller and acute or obtuse at the apex, while they are larger and 
mostly acuminate at the apex in B. linearis. 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 203 


oblongifolia, as the name signifies, is characterized by 
PE ae leaves. Other distinguishing features of this species are 
erect or suberect habit, short stems and branches, indumentum of 
dense brown hairs, smaller sepals, shorter corolla and filiform, 
glabrous stamens. 


28. Bonamia brevifolia (Benth.) Myint, Burma Jour. Life Sci. 1: 
33. 1968. 
Breweria brevifolia Benth. Fl. Austr. 4:436. 1869. 
Bonamia linearis (R. Br.) Hall. f. var. brevifolia (Benth. ) 
Hall. £2° Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5:1012. 1897. 


Perennial, herbaceous or suffrutescent vines, growing from 
thick and hard rootstock. Stems prostrate, slender, terete, 8-10 
dm. long, long-sericeous or pilose, with grey or silvery grey 
hairs, becoming less hairy in age; internodes 1-2.5 cm. long. 
Leaves shortly petiolate, soft, herbaceous or somewhat leathery, 
rarely subcoriaceous, with scattered long hairs or glabrous above, 
densely appressed-pilose with silvery grey or light brownish hairs 
below; petioles slender, 2-7 mm. long, pilose; blades ovate-cor- 
date, 1-1.7 cm. long, 9-14 mm. broad, cordate at the base, acute 
or acute-mucronate at the apex; veins impressed above, distinct 
below; lateral veins 3-5 pairs. Flowers axillary, solitary, short- 
ly pedicellate; peduncles very short or absent; pedicels 2-4 mm. 
long, sericeous or pilose; bracts linear or narrowly subulate, as 
long as pedicels or longer, mostly 3-4 mm. long. Sepals lanceo- 
late or ovate-lanceolate, 3.5-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, herbaceous 
or subcoriaceous, equal or slightly unequal, long-pilose or long- 
sericeous outside, acuminate or acute at the apex. Corolla blue, 
funnelform or shortly tubular-campanulate, 8-11 mm. long, pilose 
on the interplicae. Stamens included, filaments filiform, sparsely 
villous at the base or nearly glabrous; anthers oblong-ovate, cor- 
date at the base. Ovary ovoid-conical, long-pilose or sparsely 
long-pilose or nearly glabrous; styles connate for lower one-fourth, 
readily separable nearly to the base, filiform, glabrous; stylar 
branches unequal; stigmas globose, rarely subglobose. Capsules not 
available for study. 


Type: Australia, Port Essington, Armstrong (BM-isotype!). 


Known only from northern districts of Northern Territory, Aus- 
tralia (Map 9). 


Collectors have given no information about the habitat of the 
plant. It has been collected in flower in February. 


Hallier (1897), in the first part of his synopsis, treated this 
species as belonging to Bonamia media, but later both B. media and 
B. brevifolia were treated as two (0 different varieties of B. linearis. 
B. brevifolia is only distantly related to this latter species 
because of its shorter, broader and cordate leaves (Figure 4), 
longer bracts, smaller sepals, blue corolla and sparsely pilose 
ovary, whereas B. linearis possesses long, narrow and linear or 


20h PHD? CLOG Das Vol. 17, no. 3 


linear-lanceolate leaves, minute bracts, longer sepals, white 
corolla and densely pilose ovary. B. brevifolia seems to be 

more closely related to B. media, from which it differs by its 
distinctly cordate and acute leaves (widest near the base), long- 
er bracts, smaller sepals, sparsely villous filaments and sparse- 
ly pilose ovary. These characteristics, in addition to the dif- 
ferences in the general appearance of plant, length of stem and 
indumentum, appear to offer a sound basis for treating it as a 
distinct species. 


Specimens examined: 

AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: Port Essington, Armstrong, 
1840 (BM); Humpty Doo, prostrate, leaves dark green above, light 
green below, flowers blue, H.S. McKee 8328, February 10, 1961 (DRI). 


29. Bonamia media (R. Br.) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16:528. 1893. 
Breweria media R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 488. 1810. 
Bonamia linearis (R. Br.) Hall. f. var. media (R. Br.) Hall. 
f:' BULLY... Herb.” Boiss. Ss101E.' 1896. 


Perennial, herbaceous or suffrutescent vines. Stems prostrate, 
occasionally procumbent or suberect, slender or stout, terete, be- 
coming 2-15 dm. long, rarely longer, mostly 1-3 mm. thick, soft- 
sericeous with silvery grey or light brownish hairs and becoming 
less sericeous in age or nearly glabrous; internodes 1-2 (-3) cm. 
long. Leaves shortly petiolate, soft and thin to subcoriaceous , 
sericeous, villous or ferrugineous or nearly glabrous or glabrate; 
petioles 2-7 (-11) mm. long, slender; blades highly variable, ovate, 
elliptic-ovate, ovate-subcordate, oblong-ovate, ovate-lanceolate, 
ovate-emarginate or ovate-cordate, mostly 1-2.5 cm. long, 6-15 mn. 
broad, usually with length-width ratio of 2 or less, truncate, sub- 
cordate or obtuse at the base; obtuse, abruptly acute, truncate, 
obtuse-mucronate or slightly emarginate at the apex; veins impressed 
above and distinct beneath to scarcely perceptible because of dense 
coating of hairs; lateral veins 3-5 pairs. Flowers shortly pedi- 
cellate or nearly sessile, axillary, solitary or occasionally in 
simple cymes of two or three; peduncles very short or absent; pedi- 
cels 1-5 mm. long, sericeous; bracts small, linear, 1-2 mm. long. 
Sepals ovate-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, mostly 5-7 mm. long, 
2.5-3.5 mm. broad, herbaceous, subcoriaceous near the base, equal 
or slightly unequal, sericeous, densely sericeous or villous out- 
side, acute or acuminate at the apex. Corolla blue, light blue, 
or often white, shortly tubular-campanulate or funnelform, 8-15 
mm. long, pilose on interplicae. Stamens included; filaments fili- 
form, glabrous; anthers oblong or oblong-oval, cordate at the base. 
Ovary ovoid, long-pilose near the apex, with scattered hairs or 
glabrous below; styles bifid to the middle or lower, filiform, 
glabrous; stigmas subglobose-capitate. Capsules ovoid-apiculate, 
pilose at the apex, glabrous or rarely with scattered, minute 
hairs below; seeds brown or black. Cotyledons orbicular or ovate- 
cordate, folded. 


Type: Australia (Nova Hollandia tropical), F. Bauer 321, "1801- 
05" (W-isotype). 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 205 


Red sand, yellow sand, sandy loam, lateritic or nonlateritic 
soils in open Eucalyptus forest, dry banks, gullies, timbered flats 
or desert from Northern Territory to Queensland and New South Wales 
(Map 10). 


This is the most wide-ranging species in Australia. It has 
been collected in flower in January, February, March and October, 
and in fruit in January, March, June and December. One collector 
noted the flowering period from summer to winter. 


This species has been treated as a variety of Bonamia linearis 
by Hallier, who treated it as a distinct species in his earlier 
work. However, B. media is distinct, characterized by elliptic, 
ovate-elliptic, ovate-subcordate or ovate-cordate leaves, mostly 
obtuse at the apex. 


Although Hallier (1897) has pointed out the similarity of leaf 
tissue of B. media with those of B. spectabilis and B. sericea, 
it is most closely related to B. JTinearis and B. brevifolia. 


This species is quite variable in leaf shape, size and pubes- 
cence (Figure 4). It is clearly separable into three varieties. 


29a. Bonamia media (R. Br.) Hall. f. var. media. 
Bonamia linearis (R. Br.) Hall. f. var. media (R. Br.) 
Hall. £. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5:1011. 1897. 


Stems long, slender, finely soft-sericeous or pilose or oc- 
casionally sparsely so, rarely dense-sericeous. Leaves sericeous, 
pilose, with scattered hairs or almost glabrous on the upper sur- 
face, sparsely pilose, sericeous or rarely densely sericeous be- 
low, with clearly visible lateral veins, obtuse or obtuse-mucronate 
at the apex. 


This variety is inconsistent in several features and future 
studies may find it to be composed of more than one variety. Since 
the material available at present is scanty, it is treated here as 
a large, polymorphic group. The following specimens are worth 
describing briefly to show the variations within this variety: 

Bauer 321 (W): Leaves narrower, with length-width ratio ex- 
ceeding 2, glabrous on the upper surface, sparsely long-pilose on 
the lower surface. 

Collector unknown; "129" Settlement Ck., N.T. (BRI): Leaves 
larger, with leaf hladesuae as long as 3 cm., glabrous on the upper 
surface, sparsely long-pilose or glabrescent on the lower surface; 
bracts 2-3 mm. long. 

R.A. Perry 3433 (BRI, US): Leaves very small, 14 mm. or short- 
er and 9 mm. or narrower (thus erroneously annotated as B. brevi- 
folia), sericeous on both surfaces. 

S.L. Everist 2903 (BRI): Numerous slender stems from a sin- 
gle rootstock; leaves with longer petioles, somewhat attenuate at 
the base, truncate or slightly emarginate at the apex; upper flow- 
ers in cluster of two or three. 


Vol. 17, no. 3 


Peay T (O DeOnG ea 


206 


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BSOTTIA *xeA * 


Brpeu ‘rea @ 


Brpoul "@ Jo uorznqTazsTq 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 207 


James Keys 637 (BRI): Slender and frequently branching stems ; 
leaves smaller, dense long-sericeous or densely pilose on the lower 
surface. 

M.S. Clemens, October 16, 1945 (BRI, L): Leaves densely seri- 
ceous; corolla blue. 

S.L. Everist 1910 (GH): Stems and leaves densely sericeous——— 
thus somewhat intermediate between the two varieties, media and 
villosa. 


Specimens examined: 

AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: 31 mi. north of Devil's Mar- 
bles, prostrate herb, white flowers, rare in red sand, G. Chippen- 
dale 949, 8. 3. 1955 (BRI); 21 mi. south of Elliott, prostrate 
spreading herb, flowers white, common in light red sand, Chippen- 
dale 1024, 9. 3. 1955 (BRI); 6 mi. north of Katherine, in limes- 
tone pavement country with red soil, prostrate, leaves grey green, 
flowers white, H.S. McKee 8515, February 17, 1961 (BRI); 15 mi. 
north of Victoria River Down Station, creeping greyish plant common 
on skeletal soils on cherts with E. brevifolia and Plectrachne sp., 
R.A. Perry 2111, 10. 6. 1949 (BRI, US); 30 mi. south-southwest of 
Wavehill Station, common near edge of truncated lateritic desert, 
prostrate creeping plant with runners several feet long, Perry 
2217, 21. 6. 1949 (BRI, US); 20 mi. northwest of Ooratippa Station, 
prostrate, grey plant, trailing for several feet with white flowers, 
common on red tertiary nonlateritic soil with Eucalyptus gamophylia, 
Perry 3433, 14. 3. 1953 (BRI, US). Unknown collector: Settlement 
Ck., 129, February, 1922 (BRI). QUEENSLAND: Sandy place, race 
course, Charleville, Warrego Dist., M.S. Clemens, October 6, 1945 
(G); Cemetry, Charleville, Warrego Dist., flower blue, Clemens, 
October 16, 1945 (BRI, L); Yalleroi-Jericho and vicinity, Mitchell 
Dist., stems prostrate, Clemens, April 1, 1946 (F, UC); Nive River, 
about 30 mi. north of Augathella, prostrate plant, common in yellow 
sand, leaves silvery, silky tomentose, flowers white, S.L. Everist 
1910, October, 1939 (GH); Boatman Station, Maranoa Dist., in red 
sandy soils, herb with many slender prostrate stems, radiating 
from woody rootstock, flowers white, Everist 2903, 24. 3. 1947 (BRI); 
"Curragh" Station near Cunnamulla, around bore in paddock in 
brown loam, prostrate herb, greyish green leaves, white corolla, 
alt. 620 ft., C.E. Hubbard and C.W. Windero 6220, 4. 1. 1931 (BRI); 
Adel's Grove, via Camooweal, trailing perennial herb, stems to 6 
ft. long, fls. white, summer to winter, dry banks, gullies and tim- 
bered flats, A. De Lestang 162, 20. 1. 1946 (BRI); Ayr. Rev. N. 
Michael 1522 (BRI); Gilbert River, N.A.R. Pollock (US). Torrens 
Creek, common in sandy soil, open Eucalyptus forest, fls. white, 
C.T. White 8931, 18. 3. 1933 (BRI, US); Carbean near Cunnamulla, 
Warrego Dist.; numerous prostrate stems from a long taproot, flow- 
ers white, White 12014, 26. 3. 1941 (A, BRI); Doomadgee Mission, 

W. Whitehouse (BRI); Charleville, "J.F.B." March, 98 (BRI). Lo- 
cations indefinite: Nova Hollandia tropica, Ferd. Bauer 321 (W); 
"Bustarst Hern, James Keys 637" (BRI). 


29b. Bonamia media (R. Br.) Hall. f. var. villosa (Benth.) Myint, 
Burma Jour. Life Sci. 1:33. 1948. 


208 Pen TO! nO Gs Vol. 17, now 3 


Breweria media R. Br. var. villosa Benth. Fl. Austr. 4: 
436. 1869. 

Bonamia linearis var. media subvar. villosa (Benth. ) 
Hall. £. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5:1011. 1897. 


Differs from the typical variety by densely sericeous and stouter 
stems frequently branching; densely sericeous and thicker leaves, 
truncate or slightly emarginate at the apex; the hairs on all parts 
turning to brown on drying, thus appearing to be ferrugineous; 
lateral veins indistinct. 


Type: Australia: Victoria River, F. Mueller (presumably at 
BM, not seen). 


Known from Northern Territory and New South Wales, growing on 
red sandy soil (Map 10). 


This variety was described by Bentham (1869), who questioned 
its validity, and later was treated as a subvariety by Hallier 
(1897). However, it appears to be a very distinct variety because 
of the dense coating of hairs over the entire plant. Future study 
of more materials may modify the circumscription of this variety. 


Specimen examined: 
AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 30 mi. west of Uantabulla, red 
sandy soil, N.C.W. Beadle 36308, 1. XII. 1944 (US). 


29c. Bonamia media (R. Br.) Hall. f. var. emarginata Myint & Ward, 
var. nov. 


Differt a var. media et var. villosa foliis apice emarginato, 
basi distincte cordata vel subcordata, Sparse pilosis, 1.2plo 
longioribus quam latioribus vel paulo; venis lateralibus plerumque 
3 binis; bractis 1.5-2.5 mm. longis; stigmatibus depresso-capi- 
tatis vel peltatis. 


Differs from var. media and var. villosa by leaves emarginate 
at the apex, distinctly cordate or subcordate at the base, sparsely 
pilose, with length-width ratio of 1.2 or less; lateral veins most- 
ly 3 pairs; bracts 1.5-2.5 mm. long; stigmas depressed-capitate 
or peltate. 


Type: Australia: Queensland: Gladstone, unknown collector 
(BRI). 


Known only by a single collection from the east coast of Queens- 
land, Australia (Map 10). 


The collector gives no information on the habit, flower color 
and habitat of this variety. It is quite distinct from the other 
two varieties of the species and it may be found to be a separate 
species in future studies, when more specimens of better condition 
become available. Because the only available specimen is fragmen- 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 209 
tary, it is treated here as a variety of B. media. 


This variety is more closely related to var. media than to var. 
villosa because of its indumentum, and smaller leaves. 


30. Bonamia rosea (F. v. Muell.) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16:528. 1893. 
Breweria rosea F. v. Muell. Fragon. Phytogr. Aust. 1:233. 
1859. 


Perennial, erect subshrubs or undershrubs of 3-9 (10) dm. tall. 
Roots thick, woody, deep-penetrating. Stems terete, densely tomen- 
tose, hirsute or ferrugineous with grey or brownish hairs; main 
stems about 2-5 mm. thick, with pulpy bark near the base, readily 
branching, thus having numerous culms; older stems becoming less 
tomentose. Leaves shortly petiolate or frequently subsessile, 
thick, leathery, subcoriaceous or coriaceous, densely ferrugineous 
or hirsute on both upper and lower surface; petioles 1-5 mn. 
long or almost absent, 1-1.5 mm. thick, densely ferrugineous or 
hirsute; blades orbicular, ovate or obovate, mostly 7-15 mm. long, 
about 6-13 mm. wide, with length-width ratio of mostly one, entire 
at the margin, rounded or slightly cordate at the base, truncate, 
slightly emarginate, obtuse or obtuse-mucronate at the apex, with 
about 3-5 pairs of indistinct lateral veins. Flowers, axillary, 
sessile or shortly pedunculate, solitary or occasionally in cymes 
of two or three, frequently aggregated near the terminal ends of 
branches; peduncles, when present, up to 15 mm. long, mostly 1 mn. 
thick, densely ferrugineous; bracts linear or linear-—lanceolate, as 
long as 6 mm. or very small and inconspicuous. Sepals ovate-—lanceo- 
late, 5-9 mm. long, acute or abruptly acute, rarely obtuse, densely 
long-hirsute outside, the inner ones smaller or narrower. Corolla 
pink or white, tubular-campanulate, or broadly urceolate, 1-1.8 cm. 
long, with limb of 8-15 mm. broad, long-hirsute on interplicae, 
glabrous on plicae, 5-10-lobulate at the margin; tube broad, cylin- 
drical and distinct, stamens included; filaments adnate and hairy 
at the base, free and glabrous above; anthers broadly oblong. Ovary 
hirsute with long hairs near the apex, glabrous below, conical; 
styles bifid above two-thirds or lower, filiform, glabrous except 
near the base; stylar branches unequal; stigmas large globose. Cap- 
sule valvular, 2— to 4— seeded, conical, hirsute at the apex. Seeds 
ovate or ovate-oblong, glabrous. Cotyledons ovate or ovate-orbicu- 
lar. 


Type: West Australia; type specimen not available. 


Western and central Australia from Nichol Bay and Dampier Archi- 
pelago south to Lake Moore and east to southern districts of the 
Northern Territory (Map 11). 


Collectors note "coarse sandy desert or grassland," "spin- 
ifex sand plain," "bushes on sands," "deep red sands in area of 
burnt Triodia pungens" and "sand heath" as the habitat of this 
species. 


Vol. 17, no. 3 


Pay TO D°OsG? Tk 


210 


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1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 211 


Specimens recently collected from central Australia by Chippen- 
dale and Lazarides are distinct in certain morphological features, 
particularly in minute or inconspicuous bracts, smaller corolla, 
completely sessile flowers and numerous stems from a single shoot. 
These morphological characteristics (especially the minute vs. long 
bracts and small vs. large corolla) seem to support the supposi- 
tion that the central Australian plants deserve a distinct taxonomic 
status, at least at the varietal level. But, with just a handful 
of material available at this time, it is not described here. 


The leaves vary relatively little (Figure 5). 


Specimens examined: 

AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: Near Ulambaura Spring, Haast 
Bluff, subshrub 1 ft., infl. white, infrequent in Triodia pungens 
assoc., G. Chippendale 2568, 23. 8. 1956 (BRI); 31. 6 m. north- 
west of Mt. Patricia, grey perennial herb 1 ft., common in small 
area in deep red sand, in area of burnt Triodia pungens, Chippen- 
dale 4297, 5. 5. 1958 (BRI); 65 m. northwest of Willowra H.S., 
dwarf shrub 1 ft., buds brown green, common in deep red sand, in 
area of burnt Triodia pungens, Chippendale 4792, 31. 7. 1958 (BRI); 
59 mi. northwest of Mt. Doreen Station, dominant in patches in 
coarse sandy desert dominated by Plectrachne schinzii grassland, 
low hairy grey subshrub to 12 in. high and as wide, flowers white, 
culms numerous, branching and spreading, M. Lazarides 6020, 17. 9. 
1957 (BRI, US). Western Australia: Dampiers Archipelago, B.F. 
von Mueller (BM); Greenoughs River, Mueller (GH, US); Nichol Bay, 
Mueller (BM); Murchison River, Oldfield (W); in fruticetis arenosis 
inter flumina Moore et Murchison, E. Pritzel 606, IX, 1901 (HBG, 
W), 616, IX, 1901 (A, BM, GH, L, MO, US); northeast of Melrose, 
N.H. Speck 1388, 8. 9. 1958 (MO); 13 mi. northwest of Albion Downs, 
woolshed, Eremean Province, spinifex sandplain, Speck 1477, 17. 

9. 1958 (BRI, MO). 


31. Bonamia pannosa (R. Br.) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16:530. 1893. 
Breweria pannosa R. Br. Prodr. 488. 1810. 


Prostrate or twining vines growing from perennial rootstock. 
Stems terete, soft and herbaceous while young, soon becoming woody, 
mostly 2-3 mm. thick, densely hirsute with soft ferrugineous or 
silky hairs. Leaves shortly petiolate, herbaceous or soft-coriaceous , 
densely hirsute on both upper and lower surface; petioles 3-20 mm. 
long, densely hirsute; blade ovate or orbicular, rarely ovate-oblong, 
2-4 cm. long, mostly (1-) 1.2-3 cm. broad, truncate, subcordate or 
rounded at the base (lower leaves sometimes attenuate at the base), 
obtuse, rounded or obtuse-acute at the apex. Flowers axillary, 
solitary or in cymes of two to few flowers, rarely several flowers 
(forming dense cluster), sessile or shortly pedunculate and/or 
shortly pedicellate; bracts subulate 5-10 mm., becoming slightly 
longer in age, hirsute. Sepals soft and thick or subcoriaceous , 
unequal; outer two sepals large, ovate, 8-11 mm. long, 7-8 mm. 
broad, hirsute on the back, hirsute inside except glabrous center, 
acute at the apex; in-out sepal (third sepal) oblique-ovate, as 


212 PREY TO LDOCG TS Vol. 17, no. 3 


long as outer two sepals, 4-6 mm. broad, hirsute as outer sepals; 
inner two sepals smaller, ovate-acuminate or broadly lanceolate, 
6-7 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, hirsute outside, glabrous inside, 
acuminate at the apex. Corolla blue or violet blue, rarely white, 
funnel-shaped, 1.2-1.5 cm. long, with spreading and sublobulate or 
nearly entire limb, hirsute or pilose on interplicae, glabrous on 
plicae. Stamens inserted; filaments villous, slightly broadened 
at the base; anthers oblong, 1-1.5 mm. long, dorsifixed, cordate 
at the base. Ovary ovoid-conical, long-hirsute at the apex; styles 
bifid to the middle, with unequal stylar branches; stigmas globose- 
capitate. Capsules thin-walled, 4- to 8-valved, 4-seeded, ovoid, 
5-6 mm. long, 4-5 mm. in diameter, hirsute at the apex, glabrous 
below; seeds glabrous, ovate-triangular, 2-3 mm. long. Cotyledons 
ovate-cordate, rounded or slightly emarginate at the apex; 
cotyledonary petioles fused. 


Type: (Nova Hollandia tropica) Tropi¢al Australia, Bauer 325 
(BM-lectotype?; W-isotype!) 


Sandy soil, gravelly sand, limestone, shale and dry ridges, 
rarely in wet ground in tropical regions of Australia from Queensland 
to the northeastern districts of western Australia (Map 11). 


This species has been collected in flower from February to 
June and in fruit from April to July. The isotype at Vienna has 
been mislabelled as Polymeria lunata presumably by R. Brown. 


Specimens examined: 

AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: 28 mi. south of Elliott, 
prostrate spreading herbs, corolla blue, common on gravelly sand, 
C. Chippendale 1021, 9. 3. 1955 (BRI); Spring Vale, Port Darwin, 
Alfred Giles (BRI); 5 mi. from Katherine, on Wyndham Road in wet 
ground, prostrate, leaves pale green, flowers bright blue, H.S. 
McKee 8536, February 18, 1961 (BRI); 12 mi. southwest of Katherine 
Township, prostrate grey bush several feet long, common on sandy 
soil with E. miniata open forest, R. A. Perry 1978, 2. 6. 1949 
(BRI, US); 6 mi. south of Limbunya Station, prostrate plant with 
grey foliage, common on limestone outcrop, Perry 2337, 4. 7. 1949 
(BRI, US); Groote Eylandt, S.H. Wilkin 98, February, 1929 (BM). 
Queensland: Adel's Grove via Camooweal, trailing plant, young stems 
erect to 9 in. high, flower dark blue, velvety, rather pretty, grows 
on dry ridges, A. De Lestang 5 (BRI); Mt. Isa, Burke District, 


Figure 5 


Variations in sizes and shapes of leaves in 
B. pannosa, B. dietrichiana and B. rosea 


1-5 B. pannosa x es 
6-8 iB. dietrichiana x 2. 
9-13 B. rosea x 748 


21) Petgero BeOnGvai7A Vol. 17, no. 3 


Mrs. M. Morris, May, 1952 (BRI). Western Australia: Slatey Creek, 
16 mi. northwest of Glenroy Meatworks, prostrate, grey green, hairy 
plant with runners several feet long and blue flowers, common in 
shaley bed of creek, M. Lazarides 5155, 22. 4. 1955 (BRI). Location 
indefinite: Nova Hollandia tropica, Bauer 325 (W-isotype). 


32. Bonamia velutina Verdcourt, Kirkia 1:27, tab. III. 1961. 


Perennial, erect or suberect subshrubs. Stems woody or becoming 
woody, terete, tomentose, or densely appressed-sericeous, as high 
as 9 dm., 1-3.5 mm. thick, frequently branching; internodes 5-25 
mm. long. Leaves shortly petiolate, or subsessile, soft and her- 
baceous or leathery, rarely subcoriaceous, densely velutinous with 
silvery grey or brownish hairs on both surfaces; petioles 1.5-4 mn. 
long, densely velutinous; blades elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 1.2- 
4.5 (-6) cm. long, 4-15 mm. broad, upper leaves smaller and lower 
leaves somewhat larger, rounded or subtruncate at the base; acute- 
mucronate or rarely obtuse-mucronate at the apex; veins impressed 
above, prominent underneath; lateral veins 4-6 pairs. Flowers 
shortly pedunculate or sessile, axillary, solitary or in cymes of 
two or three; peduncles 0-3.5 (-6) mm. long; pedicels 0-1.5 mm. 
long; bracts linear, 2-4 mm. long, velutinous. Sepals ovate- 
lanceolate, obovate or spathulate, subcoriaceous at the base, folia- 
ceous at the apex, slightly unequal; outer three spathulate with 
oblong base as long as 3 mm. and 1.5 mm. wide, with dilated apex 
3.5-4 mm. long and 2.5-3.5 mm. wide, densely velutinous outside; 
inner two ovate-lanceolate, 6.5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, acute at 
the apex, not dilated, velutinous outside. Corolla white, infundi- 
buliform, 9-12 mm. long, 13 mm. wide at the apex, slightly 5- 
lobulate, densely pilose on interplicae. Stamens inserted; fila- 
ments filiform, dilated at the base, glabrous; anthers 1] mm. long, 
cordate at the base. Ovary ovoid, densely long-pilose; styles bifid, 
shortly connate (1-2 mm) at the base, glabrous; stigmas lobulate- 
peltate. Capsules ellipsoid or globose-ellipsoid, 6 mm. long, suba- 
cute, minutely appressed-pilose, 2- to 4-seeded, 4-valvular; seeds 
angular-ellipsoid, 2-3 mm. long, glabrous, minutely punctate. Coty- 
ledons orbicular or ovate-orbicular; cotyledonary petioles short 
or absent. 


Type: Southern Rhodesia: Nuanetsi District, 0.4 km. within 
Southern Rhodesian border opposite Malvernia, in Guibourtia - 
Mopane Woodland on Umkondo sands, 450 m., K. Wild 4688, November 
1, 1955 (K-holotype, SRGH-isotype-not seen). 


Known only from Southern Rhodesia, southeastern border in 
Nuanetsi District (Map 1). 


According to the collectors this is an erect herb or subshrub 
in mopane or mixed woodland on sandstone, Umkondo sand or sandstone 
plateau. It has been collected in flower in November and in fruit 
in April. 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 215 


This species was originally annotated as Seddera sp., presum-— 
ably because of its smaller flowers and shrubby habit. Although 
this species possesses certain morphological features and the habit 
of that genus, it is definitely a species of Bonamia as pointed out 
by Verdcourt. It seems to be more closely related to some Austra- 
lian species of that genus than to the other African species, be- 
cause of its erect habit, shorter stems, sessile or very shortly 
pedunculate flowers (mostly solitary or in simple cymes), smaller 
sepals and shorter corolla. 


Specimens examined: 

SOUTHERN RHODESIA: Nuanetsi District: Combretum Mopane, sand- 
stone, 1650 ft., herb 2-3 ft., R. Davis 1629, November, 1955 (EA- 
paratype); Clarendon Cliffs, mixed woodland on sandstone plateau, 
erect 2 ft., perennial, corolla white, R.B. Drummond 7809, April 
29'5,.1962,_(EA)). 


III. Section: Trichantha Myint, Burma Jour. Life Sci. 1:34, 1968. 
Trichantha Karst. et Triana, Limnaea 28:437. 1856, 
not Trichantha Hooker, Icon. Pl. tt. 666, 667. 
1844. 


Stems woody, twining or scandent, usually long and high-climb- 
ing, rarely short and suberect or erect, mostly 3 mm. or thicker. 
Leaves distinctly petiolate, often long-petiolate, soft, herbaceous, 
subcoriaceous or leathery, not membranous; blades mostly ovate, 
ovate-acuminate, or ovate-subcordate, rarely broadly elliptic, 
usually large, 3.5 cm. or longer, 2.5 cm. or wider, with length- 
width ratio of 1-1.5, rarely slightly higher, rounded, truncate, 
subcordate or cordate at the base; acute, obtuse, acuminate, round— 
ed or emarginate and distinctly mucronate at the apex. Inflores- 
cences axillary compound or simple cymes of few to numerous flowers 
or terminal panicles, rarely uniflorous, pedunculate or sessile; 
bracts small, never foliaceous, deciduous or persistent. Sepals 
coriaceous, rarely subcoriaceous, mostly equal or slightly unequal, 
ovate, oblong-ovate or orbicular, obtuse, rounded or emarginate, 
rarely acute at the apex, mostly 3-6 mm. long. Corolla white, 
yellowish white, yellow or purple, 2-2.5 cm. long, rarely slightly 
shorter, subentire or 5— to 10-lobulate at the margin. Stamens 
included; filaments mostly villous or sparsely villous below, glab- 
rous above; anthers 2 mm. or longer, sagittate or cordate at the 
base. Ovary conical, ovoid-conical or ovoid-oblong, pilose, sparse- 
ly pilose or glabrous; styles free nearly to the base, fused to the 
middle or slightly higher; vascular traces branched into two in 
the upper part of stylar branches; stigmas reniform or obscurely 
bilobed, large. Fruits mostly 4— or rarely 2-valvular, thick- 
walled, (0.5-1 mm. or thicker); septum hard, not membranous. Seeds 
densely villous or woolly, with long, soft hairs; hairs 1-3 mn. 
or shorter on the dorsal and ventral surfaces, 5 mm. or longer 
along the edges of seeds. Cotyledons ovate, ovate-cordate or obo- 
vate, corrugate or multiplicate when mature; non-corrugate or 
flat when young. 


216 PH YT 7 O DOG T-A Vol. 17, no. 3 


Type: Bonamia trichantha Hall. f. (as Trichantha ferruginea 
Karst. & Triana, 1856). 


Tropical America from Panama to Brazil and Paraguay. 


This section is very distinct from the other two sections and 
is characterized by ligneous fruits, villous seeds, a branched 
vascular strand in each stylar branch, reniform or obscurely bi- 
lobed stigmas, and orbicular or ovate-orbicular sepals. 


33. Bonamia trichantha Hall. f., Bot. Jahrb. 16:528. 1893. 
Trichantha ferruginea Karst. & Triana, Linnaea 28:438. 
1856. 
Breweria mollis Pittier, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17:284. 
1927. 
Breweria longipaniculata Pittier, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 
17:284. 1927. 


Perennial, woody climber, apparently growing all year around. 
Stems twining, terete, smooth or warty, tomentose while young and 
becoming glabrous in age; about 1 cm. in diameter, becoming 10 m. 
long or longer. Leaves petiolate, coriaceous or submembranous, 
glabrous or sparsely pubescent above and densely tomentose or glab- 
rate on the lower surface, more densely so on the veins (especially 
in the glabrate forms); petioles 1-3 cm. long, 1-2 mm. thick, round 
or canaliculate above, minutely appressed pubescent or becoming 
glabrous; blades ovate, oblong or ovate-oblong, entire at the margin, 
obtuse or cordate at the base and acute, obtuse, attenuate or obtuse- 
mucronate at the apex; nerves slightly impressed above, prominent 
below; about 5-8 pairs of lateral veins. Inflorescences axillary 
cymes of few to many flowers or terminal pseudopanicles; cymes pedun- 
culate; peduncles and pedicels minutely appressed pubescent or be- 
coming glabrous; bracts small or inconspicuous. Sepals orbicular 
or orbicular-ovate, subequal or slightly unequals outer two fer- 
rugineous or pubescent-glabrescent; inner ones sparsely pubescent- 
glabrescent, with hyaline margins, 5-7 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide. 
Corolla white, 1.2-2 cm. long, about 1-1.5 cm. wide, tubular-—cam- 
panulate, entire; outside surface with long hairs on interplicae, 
glabrous on plicae; tube short, about 3-5 mm. Stamens inserted, 
epipetalous; filaments glabrous or villous, incurved or straight; 
anthers oblong or ovate, dorsifixed, emarginate or slightly cordate 
at the base, narrow at the apex. Ovary ovoid, with circular disc 
at the base, glabrous or villous at the apex; styles shortly connate 
at the base, glabrous or with scattered hairs; stigmas globose or 
capitate, mostly sub-bilobed. Fruit capsule, valvular with thick 
and ligneous wall, dehiscing mostly into two or four valves; parti- 
tion wall thin, coriaceous. Seeds ovoid, plano-compressed, densely 
villous, with longer marginal hairs. Cotyledons obovate or orbi- 
cular, emarginate at the apex; cotyledonary petioles fused. 


Type: Colombia: Magdalena: Piedras, Vallee du Magdalena, 
Nouvelle-Grande, prov. de Mariquita, J. Triana 2146, 1851-1857 
(G-lectotype, BM, W-isotypes). 


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From sea level to 600 m. in Panama, Colombia and Venezuela 
(Map 12). 


The collectors recorded this species as occurring in light 
forests on rocky hills, borders of forests, thickets on open rocky 
Slopes or hill sides, river banks, arid bushy slopes and valleys. 
This species is separable, though not very clearly, into three 
varieties of which one may be divided into two forms. 


33a. Bonamia trichantha Hall. f. var. trichantha. 
Bonamia trichantha Hall. f. var. typica v. Ooststroom, 
Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerlandais 33:213. 1936. 


This variety is characterized by broadly elliptic leaves, ob- 
tuse, rounded or slightly emarginate at the apex and densely fer- 
rugineous underneath. (Figure 6). 


Restricted to Colombia, from Magdalena south into Tolima and 
Huila departments (Map 12). 


Specimens examined: 

COLOMBIA: Huila: Natagaima, rocky hill at gorge above N. 
Altitude 450-500 m., light forest, shrubby vine, H.H. Rusby and F.W. 
Pennell 1159, August 12, 1917 (GH). Magdalena: Piedras, Vallee 
du Magdalena, Nouvelle-Grande, prov. de Mariquita, 500 m. J. Triana 
2146, 1851-1857 (BM, G, W); Nouvelle-Grande, prov. de Jequendema, 
Triana 3801, 1853 (BM). Tolima: E.P. Arbelaez 2173, XII. 1932 (US). 


33b. Bonamia trichantha Hall. f. var. oblonga v. Ooststroom, Rec. 
Trav. Bot. Neerlandais 33:213. 1936. 


This variety is characterized by its oblong or oblong-lanceo- 
late leaves, mostly 5-8 cm. long and 2-2.5 cm. wide (Figure 6), 
and loose cymes of fewer flowers which usually are in terminal 
panicles. 


Type: Colombia: Santa Marta, Herbert H. Smith 1871, 1898-1899 
(US-holotype, F, GH-isotypes). 


This variety is apparently endemic to northern Colombia and is 
known only from the type collection (Map 12). Its habitat is not 
known and the collector gives no more than the location. A des- 
cription of fruit and seed has to await future collections. 


33c. Bonamia trichantha Hall. f. var. ovata v. Ooststroom, Rec. 
Trav. Bot. Neerlandais 33:213. 1936. 


This variety is characterized by its ovate or ovate-acuminate 
leaves, rarely emarginate at the apex, and much varied in size and 
pubescence (Figure 6). 


Type: Colombia: Tolima: Honda, open rocky slope, alt. 300— 
400 m., F.W. Pennell 3575, January 3-4, 1918 (US-holotype, GH- 
isotype). 


1968 


Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 


1 . 

3. . if. OV 
Figure 6 4. var. ovata f. giabrata 

5. var. oblonga 


Leaf shapes and sizes in Bonamia trichantha 


219 


220 Pore y7 0 L’o'e yr 2 Vol. 17, no. 3 


This variety ranges from Panama and Colombia east into eastern 
Venezuela. It is separable into two forms. 


B. trichantha var. ovata f. ovata. 


This form is characterized by its ovate leaves, densely villous 
underneath, and distinctly ferrugineous sepals. 


Known from Colombia and Venezuela. 


Specimens examined: 

COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Hillside east of Apulo, thickets 
along trail to Anapoima, alt. 460-600 m., woody vine, E.P. Killip, 
A. Dugand and R. Jaramillo 38147, May 4, 1944 (US). Magdalena: 
Valle de Magdalena, R. Garsten (?) (W); Bond, Enredadera, Caliz 
Verde, Velloso, Anteras Verdes, dorsimelifijas, biloculares, Ovario 
blanco en la base y verde en el apice, Fruto globoso, verde, R. 
Romero-Castaneda 703, February, 1948 (F); Santa Marta: alt. 500, 
Herbert H. Smith 876, December, 1898-1899 (GH, K, US); Santa Marta, 
a twiner to 20 ft., rare on border of forest below 1000 ft., fl. 
October—November, leaves subcordate at base, Smith 877, November 
21, 1890-1901 (GH). Tolima: Honda, open rocky slope, alt. 300- 
400 m., shrubby vine, corolla white, F.W. Pennell 3575, January 
3-4, 1918 (GH, US). 

VENEZUELA: Lara: Entre Carora y Trentino, Jose Saer 724, 
Enero, 1931 (F). Portuguesa: Vine on Calvario Hill, Guanare, 

H. Pittier 12046, December 28, 1925 (NY, US). Trujillo: Loma 

de Moron near Valera, a vine, flower white, Pittier 10733, Novem- 
ber 18, 1922 (GH, NY, US). Yaracuy: Iboa, 450 m. trailing on 
bushes, a woody vine, fl. white, Pittier 13074, January 1, 1929 
GE Ser US ie 


B. trichantha var. ovata f. glabrata Myint & Ward, f. nov. 


Differt a forma typica var. ovatae foliis glabratis, sepala 
et pedicellis minus dense pubescentibus vel fere glabris, et 
pedicellis parum longioris. 


This form is characterized by its much varied, usually large, 
glabrate leaves, less densely pubescent or nearly glabrous sepals 
and pedicels, and slightly longer pedicels. 


Type: Colombia: Atlantico, entre Baranoa y Galapa, A. Dugand 
5643, April 2, 1961 (US). 


This form is known from Panama, Colombia and eastern Venezuela, 
thus covering the whole range of the species. 


Specimens examined: 

COLOMBIA: Atlantico: Entre Baranoa y Galapa, 100 m. bosque 
marginal de un arroyo temporario, bejuco 10 m. long tallo lenoso 
delgad, 1 cm. diam., A. Dugand 5643, April 2, 1961 (US); entre 
Lena y Candelaria, alt. 30-50 m., Dugand and R. Jaramillo 2789, 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Eonamia 221 


Enero 11, 1941 (US). Bolivar: Vicinity of Turbaco, Bro. Heriberto 
448, November 1920 (US); north of Arjona, alt. 30-50 m., thickets, 
vine, corolla white, E.P. Killip and A.C. Smith 14532, November 15, 
1926 (GH, US). Cundinamarca: Bejuco trepador, frutos armarillos; 
Ferrocarril a Salgar, rio Guaduero, alt. 450 m., H. Garcia-Barriga 
12296, July 23, 1947 (US). Santander: Rio Surata valley near 
Bucaramanga, alt. 400-600 m., woody vine, corolla white, thicket, 
Killip and Smith 16218, December 28, 1926 (GH); river bank, upper 
Rio Lebrija valley, northwest of Bucaramanga, alt. 400-700 m., 
vine somewhat woody, corolla white, Killip and Smith 16300, Decem- 
ber 29, 1926 (GH). Doubtful specimen (no leaves nor flowers); 
Boyaca: Los Llanos, Rio Meta, Orocue, alt. 140 m., Sabana, J. Cuat-— 
recasas 4438, November 3, 1938 (US). 

PANAMA: Toboquilla Island, vine, G.S. Miller, Jr. 2000, March 
30, 1937 (US); Penonome and vicinity, 50-1000 ft. elevation, climb- 
ing over bushes, R.S. Williams 93, February 23 - March 22, 1908 (NY). 

VENEZUELA: Delta Amacuro: Curiapo, alt. 0 m., enredadera, 
flores blanca, Hermano Gines 4945, December, 1952 (US). 


34. Bonamia balansae Hall. f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5:1002. 1897. 


Perennial, woody climbers. Stems twining, terete, 7 m. long, 
2-5 mm. thick, glabrous, minutely striated; older branches with 
whitish lenticels; young branches sparsely punctate. Leaves 
petiolate, coriaceous or submembranous, glabrous, shining above, 
dull underneath; petioles, 5-14 mm. long, canaliculate above, glab- 
rous or sparsely pubescent when young; blades ovate-acuminate, 3-6 
em. long, 2-3.5 cm. wide, rounded or subdcordate at the base, sub-—- 
cuspidate-acuminate or acute mucronate at the apex; midrib impressed 
above, prominent underneath, with 5-7 pairs of lateral veins; finer 
veins distinct underneath. Flowers axillary, in few-flowered cymes 
or solitary, frequently in pseudo-racemes on short lateral branches ; 
peduncles terete, rigid, 4-20 mm. long, glabrous or sparsely pubes- 
cent, pedicels 4-7 mm. long, turning to black when dry; bracts 
subulate, 1 mm. long, deciduous. Sepals coriaceous, equal or slightly 
unequal, orbicular, 5-6 mm. long, glabrous, turning to black when 
dry, subscarious along narrow margin, finely ciliate. Corolla 
yellow, campanulate-infundibuliform, 2 cm. long, long-pilose on 
interplicae, glabrous on plicae, with entire or subentire limb. 
Stamens included; filaments puberulous or villous, adnate to corolla 
tube for 6 mm.; anthers oval-oblong, 3 mm. long, sagittate at the 
base. Ovary with narrow annular disc, conical, 2 mm. long, glabrous; 
styles bifid for upper one-third, glabrous; stigmas orbicular- 
subbilobed. Capsules ovoid—-quadrangular, 14-15 mm. long, 12-13 mn. 
in diameter, subacute or obtuse at the apex, glabrous, with ligneous 
wall of 0.5-1 mm. thick, 4-seeded, breaking into two valves (really 
4-valved); septum hard; seeds 5-6 mm. long, short-villous on ventral 
sides, densely fulvous-villous with white or yellowish white, long 
hairs on dorsal sides and along the edges. Cotyledons cordate- 
bilobed, emarginate at the apex; cotyledonary petioles fused. 


Type: Paraguay, San Salvador, dans les campos, Balansa 1078, 
May 26, 1876 (G!). 


222 PHITTOLOGTIA Vol. 17, no. 3 


Known only from a few collections made at a high elevation in 
Paraguay (Map 13). According to one collector, this species grows 
in forest on calcareous black soil. It has been collected in 
flower in January and February. 


Bonamia balansae is closely related to B. corumbaensis of 
southern Brazil, from which it differs by its longer stem, glab- 
rous leaves, longer petioles, acuminate or cuspidate leaf tip, 
ciliate sepals, and shorter stylar branches. 


Specimens examined: 

PARAGUAY: San Salvador, dans les campos, B. Balansa 1078, 
May 26, 1876 (G); Zwischen Rio Apa und Rio Aquidaban, goldgelb, 7 m. 
hochsteigend, Waldparcelle, Kalkahaltiger, schwarzer Boden, Hugel, 


K. Fiebrig 4531, January 1908-1909 (BM, G, GH, L, W); San Salvador, 
F. Rojas 3028 (1802), II, 1917 (GH). 


35. Bonamia corumbaensis Hoehne, Anex. Mem. Inst. Butantan 1 
(4):45, tab. 3. 1922. 


Perennial, suberect, shrubby plants, 30-60 cm. high; stems 
woody, suberect or scandent and slightly twining at the top; old 
branches rigid, with white lenticels, glabrous; young branches 
smooth, sparsely pubescent, becoming striated in age. Leaves short- 
ly petiolate, subcoriaceous or leathery and soft, sparsely pilose; 
becoming glabrous; petioles 3-10 mm. long; blades ovate-lanceolate 
or ovate-elliptic, 3-7 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. broad, rounded or slight- 
ly cordate at the base, obtuse-mucronate or acute-mucronate at the 
apex; midrib impressed above, with 5-7 pairs of lateral veins. 
Inflorescences pedunculate, axillary cymes or racemes of two to 
few flowers, rarely solitary; peduncles short, 1-2 cm. long, sparsely 
pilose; pedicels 4-6 mm. long or sometimes longer; bracts small, 
scale-like, triangular, 1-1.5 mm. long, glabrous. Sepals coriaceous 
or subcoriaceous, slightly unequal glabrous; outer sepals fre- 
quently smaller, oblong or suborbicular-oblong, 5-7 mm. long, round- 
ed at the apex; inner sepals slightly larger, suborbicular, 6-8 m. 
long, ciliate, rounded or emarginate at the apex. Corolla yellow 
or yellowish white, campanulate, 2 cm. long, 5-lobulate, densely 
ferrugineous-pilose on interplicae. Stamens inserted; filaments 
glabrous above, villous near the base; anthers oblong, 3.5-4.5 mm. 
long. Ovary ovoid-conical, glabrous; styles bifid to the middle 
or lower, filiform, glabrous; stigmas globose-capitate. Capsules 
conical-acuminate, glabrous, 4-seeded, slightly exceeding the 
length of sepals; seeds fulvous-villous (according to Hoehne). 
Cotyledons not known. 


Type: Brazil: Commissao Rondon: Corumba, Mato-Grosso, Campo 
seco, F.C. Hoehne 3042, 2, 1911 (R-isotype); Corumba, Mato-Grosso, 
parto do paiol de polvora, F.C. Hoehne 3044, 2, 1911 (R-paratype). 


Endemic to dry soil in southwestern Brazil near the borders of 
Bolivia and Paraguay (Map 13). It is represented by only two col- 
lections from the same location. The color of the corolla was not 


1968 


Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 


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22h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 


recorded by the collector and it is doubtful whether it is yellow 
or yellowish as it seems to be on the dry specimen. 


Although Hoehne stated that this species closely resembles 
B. burchellii, it seems to be more closely related to B. balansae 
of northern Paraguay, from which it differs in its erect habit, 
Sparsely pubescent leaves, at least on the veins, obtuse or ob- 
tuse-mucronate leaves, and longer stylar branches (or shortly 
connate styles). 


36. Bonamia agrostopolis (Vell.) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16:529. 1893. 
Convolvulus agrostopolis Vell. Fl. Flum. 68, tab. 51. 1825. 
Breweria venulosa Meissn. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 7:326. 1869. 
Breweria agrostopolis (Vell.) Roberty, Candollea 14:30. 1952. 


Perennial, woody vines. Stems scandent or twining, terete, 
slender or 3-5 mm. thick, finely tomentose or puberulous while young, 
begoming glabrous in age, longitudinally rugose, rugulose or ver- 
ruculose, rarely smooth; interncdes variable in length, mostly 2-8 
cm., occasionally longer. Leaves petiolate, herbaceous or sub-— 
coriaceous, occasionally submembranous, thin; upper surface sparsely 
or rarely densely appressed-pilose while young, becoming glabrous 
in age; lower surface pilose or tomentose while young, becoming 
sparsely pilose in age; petioles 2.5-5 cm. long, finely tomentose 
or sericeous while young, becoming sparsely pilose or nearly glab-— 
rous in age, distinctly canaliculate above; blades elliptic, elliptic- 
ovate or elliptic-acuminate, 10-16 cm. long, 5-9 cm. broad (slightly 
smaller on the upper leaves), mostly entire, occasionally somewhat 
undulate or wavy at the margin, obtuse, acute or rounded at the base, 
acuminate-mucronate or acute-mucronate at the apex; veins distinc- 
tly impressed above, prominent below; lateral veins mostly 9-13 
pairs, with distinct intercostal veins. Inflorescences axillary or 
terminal, long, multiflorus panicles, composed of numerous cymes; 
individual cymes 3- to 5-flowered, occasionally 1- to 2-flowered 
or rarely 7-flowered, shortly pedunculate; peduncles variable in 
length, slender or stout; pedicels short, mostly 2-4 mm. long, tomen- 
tose; bracts small, scale-like, linear or linear-lanceolate, 2-3 
mm. long, deciduous; bracteoles similar to bracts,smaller. Sepals’ 
coriaceous, slightly unequal or subequal; outer two slightly short- 
er and narrower, ovate or ovate-orbicular, 5-6 mm. long, 3.5-4.5 
mm. broad, obtuse or rounded at the apex, tomentose and glabrescent; 
inner three larger, orbicular, orbicular-obovate, 5.5-7 mm. long, 
5.5-8 mm. broad, slightly emarginate or truncate at the apex, tomen- 
tose outside. Corolla purplish white (according to Velloso) or 
purple (according to Meissner), funnelform or subcampanulate, mostly 
2 cm. long or slightly shorter, with entire limb, brown-sericeous 
or pilose on the interplicae. Stamens included; filaments filiform, 
short; anthers moderate in size, introrse, cordate at the base (ac- 
cording to Hallier). Ovary ellipsoid-conical or ovoid, glabrous, 
with obscure disc; styles bifid to the middle, filiform, unequal, 
glabrous; stigmas obscurely bilobed or globose. Capsules ovoid- 
conical or ellipsoid-conical, 1.5-2 cm. long, glabrous, brown or 
dark brown, hard-walled, 4-valvular, rarely 2-valvular, 4-seeded, 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 225 


with thin or thick septum; seeds oval-oblong, or ellipsoid, 9-15 
mm. long, densely pilose with soft and brown hairs along the edge, 
brown-tomentose on the dorsal and ventral sides. Cotyledons ovate- 
cordate, multiplicate or corrugate and folded against radicle; 
cotyledonary petioles free for upper one-fourth. 


Type: Brazil: "Habitat silvis arenosis maritimis ad Agrosto- 
polim;" type specimen not seen. presumably not extant. 


Known only from southeastern Brazil (Map 13). 


According to Meissner, this is the plant of highland regions. 
Flowering, according to Velloso, is in June and July. The only 
fruiting specimen examined in the present study was collected in 
late August. No flowering specimen was available for study. This 
was the first species of the genus described from South America, 
but under Convolvulus, and as such has been much confused with B. 
burchellii, to which it seems to be closely related. Large, glab- 
rate, elliptic or oblong-elliptic leaves with impressed veins are 
its most distinctive feature. 


Choisy (1845) included this species under his Breweria burchellii. 
Hallier realized its distinction from Bonamia burchellii, but its 
limits, as conceived by him, are somewhat doubtful because of his 
inclusion of Gaudichaud 567 as var. velutina, a specimen which should 
properly be assigned to B. burchellii because of its pilose ovary 
and tomentose leaves. 


Specimen examined: 

BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Dist. Ilheu, Fazenda da Tabunha, main 
road to northwest in cut-over woods, alt. 210 m., woody vine climb- 
ing trees, green fruit, Ynes Mexia 4999, August 24, 1930 (BM, F, G, 
GH, MOS NY. UC, US). 


37. Bonamia burchellii (Choisy) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16:529. 1893. 

Breweria burchellii Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. 
Geneve 6:493. 1833. 

Ipomoea terminalis Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 
8:54. 1838. 

Ipomoea lundii Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 
8:56. 1838. 

Bonamia agrostopolis var. velutina Hall. f. Bull. Herb. 
Boiss. 5:1005, 1897. Type: Gaudichaud 567 (G!). 


Convolvulus agrostopolis var. burchellii (Choisy) 0. Ktze. 
Rev. Gen. 3 (2)rzI2e 1898. 


Perennial, woody climbing vines. Stems twining or scandent, 
terete, 1.5-1.9 m. long (according to Meissner, 1869), slender or 
as thick as 4-5 mm., tomentose, villous or puberulous when young, 
glabrous or rarely puberulous in age, sparsely white-dotted, more 
densely so on older region; internodes mostly 4-7 (-10) cm. long, 
shorter on younger branches. Leaves petiolate, herbaceous, densely 
tomentose or velutinous on both surfaces, dark green above, light 


226 Peay TO L-Orert as Vol. 17, no. 3 


green below; petioles 8-25 mm. long, tomentose, canaliculate above; 
blades ovate or ovate-acuminate, mostly 3-10 cm. long, 2.5-7 cm. 
broad, slightly shorter or narrower on the upper leaves, slightly 
undulate or subundulate at the margin, rounded, truncate or rarely 
subcordate at the base, acuminate, shortly acuminate-mucronate or 
acute-mucronate, rarely obtuse-mucronate at the apex; veins obscure 
or rarely slightly impressed above, prominent below; lateral veins 
4-7 pairs; intercostal veins more distinct below, subparallel. In- 
florescences multiflorus, pedunculate panicles, axillary to the 
leaves or terminal on the lateral branchlets; peduncles slender, 
variable in length, tomentose; pedicels 3-5 mm. long, slender, tomen- 
tose; bracts and bracteoles small, scale-—like, linear or linear- 
lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long, deciduous. Sepals coriaceous, ovate, 
orbicular or ovate-orbicular, slightly unequal or subequal; outer 
two are smaller, mostly 3-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, sericeous or 
glabrate, obtuse, rounded or rarely broadly acute at the apex; inner 
sepals orbicular, 3.5-4.5 mm. long, densely sericeous outside at 
the center, glabrous at the margin, rounded or emarginate at the 
apex. Corolla white and with purplish or dark-colored eye or pur- 
ple, infundibuliform, 2-2.5 cm. long, densely fulvous-sericeous 
(while young) and becoming fine-sericeous (in age) on interplicae. 
Stamens included; filaments filiform, shorter than styles, glabrous 
above, villous below; anthers oblong 2-3 mm. long, dorsifixed. 

Ovary ovoid-conical, pilose or sericeous at least near the apex; 
styles bifid to the middle or lower, filiform, glabrous, rarely with 
soft, scattered hairs on the lower part, longer than filaments; 
stigmas reniform or subbilobed. Capsules ovate-conical, 1-1.5 cm. 
long, brown or dark-brown, with hard thick wall, opening into two 
or four valves, 4-seeded, rarely 2-seeded; seeds ovoid or ellipsoid, 
5-7 mm. long, densely long-pilose along the edge, densely sericeous 
or tomentose on the dorsal and ventral sides. Cotyledons ovate- 
cordate, corrugate. 


Type: Brazil, Burchell 2778 (K-lectotype-not seen, GH—isotype!). 


From the specimens examined, this species seems to be localized 
in coastal regions of southeastern Brazil (Map 14). Its habitat 
is not known except for shallow sandbanks (restinga) recorded by 
one collector. It has been collected in flower from December to 
April; fruiting specimens bear no date of collection. 


This species is closely related to B. agrostopolis and B. tomen- 
tosa, from both of which it is poorly defined. Future study may 
find these three merely as varieties of a single species. 


Specimens examined: 

BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro, Burchell 2778 (F, GH, L, NY): Rio 
de Janeiro, Jacarepagua in fruticetis, P. Dusen 1985, 22. 3. 1903 
(F, GH, US); Rio de Janeiro, M. Gaudichaud 567, 1833 (CG); Cosme 
Velho at Laranjeiras (Rio fe Jan.), cipo, meres rosadas, Glaziou 
4142 (BM, NY, R); Env. de Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 13027, 1882 (GC); 
Flore des environs de Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 13037 (cy; Environs 
of Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 14127, 1882 (K); Morro da Babylonia 
(R. J.) cipo, fl. blancas, Glaziou 18381, March 29, 1891 (NY, R); 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 227 


Distribution of 


B. burchellii 


B. tomentosa 


B. subsessilis 


B. mattogrossensis 


Map 14 


228 Pee TOL Oak's Vol. 17, no. 3 


Forest, Lindley, 1840 (K); Restinga da Tijuca, Estado da Juanabara, 
Othon Machado, 21. 12. 1943 (RB); Restinga da Gavea, Estado da 
Juanabara, Othon Machado (RB); Schling pflanze bei Jacarepagua, 


E. Ule 4675, May, 1898 (HBG). 
38. Bonamia tomentosa Hassler, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9:148. 1911. 


Perennial, woody, high-climbing vines. Stems scandent or twin- 
ing, terete, 6-8 m. long (according to Hassler), slender or as 
thick as 4-6 mm., densely fulvous-tomentose while young, sparsely 
puberulous or nearly glabrous in age; bark smooth or warty-plicate, 
with few or numerous lenticels; internodes mostly 3-6 cm. long, 
occasionally shorter or reduced on the younger branches. Leaves 
petiolate, herbaceous, densely tomentose, fulvous—tomentose or 
velutinous on both surfaces, dark green and occasionally glabres- 
cent above, pale green below; petioles 10-30 (-40) mm. long, canal- 
iculate above, densely tomentose or rarely becoming sparsely tomen- 
tose; blades ovate, ovate-elliptic or occasionally suborbicular, 
or subcordate, mostly 5-11 cm. long, 4.5-10 cm. broad, entire or 
slightly undulate at the margin, subcordate or truncate at the 
base, obtuse-mucronate, emarginate, rounded-mucronate or rarely 
short-acuminate at the apex; veins very prominent below; lateral 
veins 6-8 pairs; intercostal veins obscure above, prominent below. 
Inflorescences axillary or terminal pseudopanicles or panicles, 
multiflorus; peduncles short, variable in length, densely tomentose; 
pedicels short, 3-5 mm. long, tomentose, bracts linear or linear- 
lanceolate, 2-3.5 mm. long, deciduous; bracteoles similar to bracts, 
smaller, persistent or deciduous. Sepals coriaceous, ovate or 
ovate-orbicular, slightly unequal or subequal; outer two smaller 
4-6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, tomentose or glabrescent near the 
margin, obtuse or rounded at the apex; inner three larger, sub- 
orbicular, 5-8 mm. long, densely sericeous or tomentose outside, 
emarginate at the apex, scarious at the margin. Corolla white, 
infundibuliform-campanulate, 2.3-2.8 cm. long, lobulate or sub- 
entire, soft-sericeous or short pilose on interplicae. Stamens 
included; filaments short, glabrous above, villous or puberulous 
below; anthers oblong, 2-3 mm. long, dorsifixed. Ovary conical 
or ellipsoid-conical, glabrous or sparsely pilose; styles bifid 
to the middle or lower, filiform, longer than filaments, glabrous; 
stigmas reniform or capitate-subbilobed, papillose-verrulose. Fruits 
not known. 


Type: Paraguay: In viciniis Caaguazu, E. Hassler 9038, 1905 
(G=lectotype, BM, F, MO, NY, W-isotypes!) 


Known from southeast coastal region of Brazil to Paraguay 
(Map 14). 


According to Hassler, this is a plant of calcareous areas. It 
has been collected in flower in March but its fruiting period is 
not known. One is struck by the close relationship of this species 
to B. burchellii, and study of future collections may show it to 
be only a variety of the latter. From this species, it seems to 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 229 


differ by its emarginate, obtuse-mucronate or rounded leaves (sub- 
cordate or truncate at the base), slightly larger sepals and dis- 

tinctly white corolla. Hassler, in describing B. tomentosa, noted 
a supposed close relationship to B. agrostopolis. 


Specimens examined: 

BRAZIL: Ilha do Governador, Distrito Federal, G. Pabst (4.424) 
4908, 30. 3. 1958 (F). 

PARAGUAY: Hernandarias, Sta. Teresa, Bertoni 4887, 9. III. 
1950 (L, W); In viciniis Caaguazu, frutex scandens 6-8 m., corolla 
alba, E. Hassler 9038, 1905 (BM, F, G, MO, NY, W); Regio calcarea 
cursus superioris fluminis Apa, alt. 5-8 m., petala blanca, Hassler 
11044, 1912-13 (A, G, MO, NY, UC, US). 


39. Bonamia subsessilis Hassler, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9:149. 1911. 


Perennial, high climbing vines. Stems woody, twining, terete, 
2-4 mm. thick or slightly thicker, about 4 m. long, densely brown 
villous or tomentose when young, becoming glabrous or minutely 
puberulous in age; old branches with purplish bark, minutely ver- 
ruculose-punctate, longitudinally plicate-rugose; internodes 4-10 
cm. or slightly longer. Leaves petiolate, soft, subcoriaceous or 
submembranous, dark green and softly tomentose above, grey-green 
and densely tomentose on the lower surface; petioles 5-20 mm. long, 
canaliculate above, fulvous—tomentose; blades ovate or ovate-orbi- 
cular, 7-13 cm. long and 6-10 cm. wide (upper leaves subtending 
individual cymes much smaller), subcuneate or obtuse-acute at the 
base, obtuse-mucronate, rounded-mucronate, acute-mucronate or emar- 
ginate-mucronate at the apex; lateral veins 6-9 pairs; intercostal 
veins conspicuous, subparallel. Inflorescences axillary, racemes 
or panicles, composed of sessile or subsessile cymes of 1-5 flowers; 
raceme rachis 10-60 mm. or longer, tomentose with brown hairs; in- 
dividual cymes sessile or subsessile; pedicels and peduncles very 
short or absent; bracts and bracteroles small, lanceolate, 2-3 mm. 
long-tomentose. Sepals coriaceous or subcoriaceous, equal or slight- 
ly unequal, orbicular, ovate or ovate-orbicular; outer sepals 4-5 
mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, densely tomentose or ferrugineous outside, 
glabrous inside, obtuse or rounded at the apex; inner sepals 5-6 mn. 
long, 5 mm. broad, sparsely tomentose or nearly glabrous outside, 
glabrous inside, rounded or emarginate at the apex. Corolla white, 
campanulate-infundibuliform, about 2 cm. long, entire or subentire 
at the margin, fulvous-pilose on interplicae. Stamens included; 
filaments villous; anthers oblong, 2-3 mm. long, dorsifixed. Ovary 
ovoid-conical, glabrous; styles bifid to the middle or lower, glab- 
rous; stigmas reniform or subbilobed. Capsules not known. 


Type: Paraguay: Caballero-cue (Zwischer Rio Apa und Rio Aqui- 
daban), Trochnen Camp, mit Bursch bewaldete Anhohe, bis 4 m. hoch, 
kletternd, Weiss, K. Fiebrig 4764, February, 1908-1909 (G-lectotype, 
BM, GH, L-isotypes!). 


Dry highland of northern Paraguay near the Brazilian border 
(Map 14). It is known only from the type collection, which was 
collected in flower. 


230 PR ToT OG OcGrF7k Vol. 17, no. 3 


Although the author of this species stated that it is related 


to B. tomentosa, it seems to be more closely related to the Bra- 
zilian species, B. mattogrossensis, from which it differs only 
by a white corolla and sepals glabrous inside. Future study might 


prove B. subsessilis and B. mattogrossensis to be conspecific. 


40. Bonamia mattogrossensis Hoehne, An. Mem. Inst. Butantan 1] 
(fasc. 4): 45, tab. 4. 1922. 


Perennial, high climbing vines. Stems woody, terete, twining 
or scandent, 2-4 mm. thick or thicker, densely brown-tomentose or 
ferrugineous when young, becoming glabrous in age; old branches 
sparsely punctate or with scattered, white lenticels. Leaves petio- 
late, soft, thick, subcoriaceous, densely soft-—velutinous and dark 
green above, densely brown-tomentose or ferrugineous and light green 
underneath; petioles 1-2 cm. long, mostly 1.5-2 mm. thick, canali- 
culate above, densely tomentose or becoming sparsely puberulous in 
age; blades ovate, ovate-elliptic or ovate-acuminate, 5-12 cm. 
long, 3.5-8 cm. broad (slightly smaller on upper leaves), attenuate, 
subattenuate, obtuse or rarely subcordate at the base; acuminate, 
obtuse-mucronate or rounded-mucronate at the apex; lateral veins 
6-10 pairs, with distinct intercostal veins. Inflorescences axil- 
lary, sessile cymes of 3-7 flowers or on axillary short branches 
forming panicles composed of sessile cymes or axillary racemes; 
individual flowers sessile or subsessile; bracts and bracteoles 
small, 1-3 mm., lanceolate-linear, deciduous. Sepals coriaceous, 
equal or slightly unequal; outer two sepals ovate, 4-5 mm. long, 
3.5-4.5 mm. wide, densely tomentose or ferrugineous outside, dense- 
ly sericeous inside except glabrous center, obtuse~acute or broadly 
acute at the apex; in-out sepal (third sepal) oblique or orbicular- 
oblique, densely tomentose outside except glabrous inner margin, 
densely soft-sericeous inside on the outer margin, glabrous at the 
center and on the inner margin; inner two sepals orbicular or 
obovate-orbicular, sparsely or densely tomentose outside at the 
center, nearly glabrous at the margin, glabrous inside, rounded, 
truncate or slightly emarginate at the apex. Corolla purple, 
pale purple or violet, campanulate-infundibuliform, mostly 2 cm. 
long, subentire, entire or slightly lobulate at the margin, brown- 
pilose or villous with brownish long hairs on interplicae. Stamens 
included; filaments villous, at least lower parts; anthers oblong 
or narrowly elliptic-oblong, 2-3 mm. long, dorsifixed. Ovary oblong- 
conical or ovoid-conical, glabrous; styles bifid to the middle or 
lower, with distinct stylopodia, glabrous or with scattered hairs; 
stigmas reniform or subbilobed. Capsules not known. 


Type: Brazil: Mato-Grosso: Commissao Rondon, Coxipo da Ponte, 
Cuiaba. flor. alvo-arroxeada, F.C. Hoehne 4655, em Marco (1911) 
(R-lectotype!). 


Known only from the type location in the northern part of Mato- 
Grosso in western Brazil (Map 14). According to the author of the 
species, the plant grows in dry regions. Further collections are 
desired, since fruit, seeds and definite flowering and fruiting 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 231 


periods are not yet known. The only material available for the 
present study was collected in flower. 


The outstanding features of this species are (1) sessile 
flowers, (2) large leaves, slightly cuneate at the base, (3) outer 
sepals sericeous inside and (4) corollas purple. It is closely 
related to B. subsessilis or Paraguay, from which it differs only 
by its outer sepals being sericeous inside and a purple corolla. 
This species is separable, although not clearly, into two varieties. 


40a. Bonamia mattogrossensis Hoehne var. mattogrossensis. 


This variety is characterized by ovate-acuminate or ovate- 
elliptic leaves, acute, acuminate or rarely obtuse-acuminate and 
mucronate at the apex, cuneate or subcuneate at the base, and long 
raceme-rachis. 


Known only from the type collection. 


40b. Bonamia mattogrossensis Hoehne var. obtusifolia Hoehne, An. 
Mem. Inst. Butantan 1 (fasc. 4):46, tab. 5. 1922. 


This variety differs from the typical variety by its smaller, 
ovate, obovate or broadly elliptic leaves, rounded, truncate or 
obtuse and mucronate at the apex, and short raceme-rachis or inflor- 
escence axillary and sessile. 


Type: Brazil: Mato-Grosso: Commissao Rondon, Coxipo da Ponte, 
Cuiaba, flor roxa, F.C. Hoehne 3039, 3. 1911 (R-lectotype!). 


Known only from the type collection from western Brazil. 


Little-Known Species 


The following species are poorly known and no specimens were 
available for study. The descriptions given here are based on 
the original descriptions. If material becomes available for com- 
parison, they may prove to be merely abnormal forms or local var- 
iants of the other species covered previously. They are included 
here to make this study as complete as possible. 


41. Bonamia abscissa (Choisy) Hall. f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5:812. 
897. 
Breweria abscissa Choisy, in DC. Prodr. 9:438. 1845. 


Stems elongate, ferrugineous. Leaves petiolate, slightly ferru- 
gineous or glabrate; petioles 2.5 cm. long, ferrugineous; blades 
cordate-ovate, 5-7.5 cm. long, entire at the margin, slightly acu- 
minate at the apex. Flowers axillary, mostly solitary; peduncles 
not equalling petioles; pedicels ferrugineous. Sepals ovate-orbi- 
cular, 6-8 mm. long, subequal, ferrugineous outside, acutish at 
the apex. Corolla red, campanulate, 2.5-3.2 cm. long, truncate or 


232 PRET OLD s Vol. 17, no. 3 


entire at the margin. Ovary villous; styles bifid almost to the 
base. Capsules glabrous. 


Type: Madagascar, Bojer. 
Reported from woods at Mooza in eastern Madagascar. 


In many characteristics this species resembles B. semidigyna, 
to which it must be closely related. Hallier treated 8B. abscissa 
under B. semidigyna in his earlier paper (1893), but later (1897) 
he treated the two as distinct species. According to Hallier, 
this species differs from B. semidigyna by its red corolla with 


truncate or entire limb and uniflorous inflorescence. 
42. Bonamia boivinii Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 18:91. 1894. 


Stems woody, elongate, twining, terete, glabrous; lower inter- 
nodes 10 cm. long. Leaves shortly petiolate, glabrous; blades 
ovate, 4 cm. long, 15 mm. broad, gradually smaller toward the apex 
of stem, falcate-recurved and folded, subacute at the base, acute 
and mucronate at the apex. Inflorescences dense, multiflorous, 
terminal, composed of dichasial cymes or subumbellate, shortly 
pedunculate; flowers small; peduncles short, 2 cm. long, longer 
than petioles, finely subsericeous; bracteoles small, aggregate, 
scale-like. Sepals coriaceous, orbicular, equal, glabrous, black, 
ciliate at the margin. Corolla (not yet unfolded) sericeous outside. 


Type: Northwest Madagascar: Ins. Nossi-be, Boivin, 1853. 


This species was offered by Hallier as new with an accompan- 
ying description far too brief for satisfactory comparison with 
other species. From the description, it seems to be similar to 
B. densiflora, except in leaves. Hallier designated the type 
specimen as deposited at the herbarium of Boissier; this specimen 
cannot be located. 


43. Bonamia langsdorffii (Meissn.) Hall. f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 
5:814. 1897. 
Breweria Langsdorffii Meissn. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 7:325. 
1869. 


Stems slender, perhaps twining, adpressed-pilose or glabrate. 
Leaves petiolate, subcoriaceous; petioles 2-6 mm. long, slender, 
canaliculate; blades ovate or oblong-elliptic, 2.5-4.2 cm. long, 
1.7-2.5 cm. broad, entire or slightly wavy at the margin, slightly 
cordate at the base, obtuse-mucronate at the apex. Flowers solitary, 
axillary, pedunculate; peduncles unequal with the leaves, pubescent; 
pedicels as long as peduncles, the two together 1.8-2 cm. long; bracts 
two, opposite, minute, about 2 mm. long, acute. Sepals ovate, 8 mn. 
long, 4-5 mm. broad, coriaceous-herbaceous, equal, obtuse, glabrous. 
Corolla white (?), broadly infundibuliform, 2-2.5 cm. long, slightly 
less than 2.5 cm. in diameter at the limb, pilose outside on inter- 
plicae. Styles shorter than corolla, filiform, bifid, connate for 
lower 4 mm. 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 233 
Type: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Langsdorff. 


This species is very closely allied to, and perhaps conspecific 
with, B. burchellii, B. agrostopolis or B. tomentosa, from which 


it differs by its solitary flowers. 


44. Bonamia capitata (Dammer) v. Ooststroom, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 
Soe 212 elO36. 
Prevostea capitata Dammer, Bot. Jahrb. 23 (Beibl. 57):36. 
1897. 


Shrubby plants; branches tomentose. Leaves closely spaced, 
sessile, coriaceous, pubescent above, grey-tomentose below, the 
margin revolute; blades lanceolate, rounded at the base, mucronate 
at the apex; nerves scarcely prominent below. Inflorescences ter- 
minal, of densely compacted, subglobose cymes. Sepals lanceolate, 
setose-acuminate at the apex, the outer somewhat larger, densely 
pilose, ciliate on margins. Corolla blue, densely pilose on upper 
part (interplicae?). Styles bifid to the middle, pilose at the 
base; stigmas reniform, capitate. Fruits not known. 


Type: Brazil: "Civitate Goyaz ad Fazenda da Boa Vista in 
Campo,"' Glaziou 21799, Jan. 14, 1895; not seen. 


Known only from south-central Brazil. 


As noted by Dammer, this species appears well marked by its 
distinctive inflorescences. It would seem allied to B. tomentosa 
and B. subsessilis. 


45. Bonamia sedderoides Rendle, Jour. Bot. 46:178. 1908. 


Spreading undershrub. Stem 4-6 dm. long, 2 mm. thick, slender, 
covered with silky, whitish hairs. Leaves 1.3 cm. long, 3 mm. wide. 
Bracteoles 7-8 mm. long. Sepals 1.1-1.2 cm. long, 5 mm. broad. 
Corolla probably 2.5 cm. long. Stamens 8 mm. long; anthers linear- 
oblong, 3 mm. long. Styles free nearly to the base. 


Type: Southeast Angola, in shrub-grown pasturage on sandy 
alluvial soil at the foot of the Serra Ferreire de Amiral, western 
side, Gossweiler 2888, February 9 (BM-holotype, K-isotype)3; not 
available. 

Doubtful and Excluded Species 
Doubtful Species 
Bonamia vignei Hoyle, Kew Bull. 1934:188. 1934. 
Although the author of this species stated that it is related 


to B. cymosa (=B. thunbergiana of the present treatment), it appears 
to be quite different from the latter in several features, especially 


234 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 
by its accrescent sepals, which are not characteristic of the genus 
Bonamia. Since no specimen was available for the present study, 
its transfer to the genus Calycobolus is not attempted here. 


Excluded Species 


Bonamia althoffiana Dammer, Pflanz. Ostafr. C:329. 1895. 


=Convolvulus kilimandschari Engler, HWochgeb. Trop. Afr. 348. 
1892. 
Bonamia angustifolia (Nash) Wilson, Jour. Arnold Arb. 41:306. 1960. 


=Stylisma patens (Desr.) Myint, ssp. angustifolia (Nash) Myint, 
Brittonia 18:112. 1966. 


Bonamia aquatica (Walt.) Gray, Man. ed. 5. 376. 1867. 
=Stylisma aquatica (Walt.) Raf. Fl. Tell. 4:83. 1838. 
Bonamia capensis (Baker) Burtt Darvy, Ann. Trans. Mus. 3:121. 1912. 
=Seddera capensis (Meyer) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 18:86. 1893. 
Bonamia glomerata (Balf. f.) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 18:90. 1893. 
=Seddera glomerata (Balf. f.) 0. Schwartz, Mitt. Inst. Allgemeine 
Bot. Hamburg 10:1971. 1939. 
Bonamia humistrata (Walt.) Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5:337. 1862. 
=Stylisma humistrata (Walt.) Chapm. Fl. S. U. S. ed. 1, 346. 1860. 
Bonamia michauxii (Fern. and Schub.) Wilson, Jour. Arnold Arb. 41: 
306. 1960. 
=Stylisma aquatica (Walt.) Raf. Fl. Tell. 4:83. 1838. 
Bonamia patens (Desr.) Shinners, Castanea 27:75. 1962. 
=Stylisma patens (Desr.) Myint, Brittonia 18:110. 1966. 
Bonamia pickeringii (Torr. ex Curtis) Gray, Man. ed. 5. 376. 1867. 
=Stylisma pickeringii (Torr. ex Curtis) Gray, Man. ed. 2. 335. 
1856. 
Bonamia poranoides Hall. f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5:1007. 1897. 
=Metaporana densiflora (Hall. f.) N.E. Brown, Kew Bull. 1914: 
NGO OWA. 
Bonamia schizantha (Hall. f.) Meeuse, Bothalia 6:665. 1957. 
=Seddera schizantha Hall. f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6:532. 1898. 
Bonamia spinosa Vierhapper, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 287. 1904. 
=?Seddera sp. or ?Convolvulus socotranus Verdcourt, Kew Bull. 
1957:344. 
Bonamia suffruticoa (Schinz) Burtt-Davy, Ann. Transvaal Mus. 3:121. 
1912. 
=Seddera suffruticosa (Schinz) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 18:88. 1893. 
Bonamia villosa (Nash) Wilson, Jour. Arnold Arb. 41:306. 1960. 
=Stylisma villosa (Nash) House, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 34:149. 
1907. 
Bonamia volkensii Dammer, Pflanz. Ostafr. C:329. 1895. 
=Hewittia sublobata (L.f.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. Pl. 2:441. 1891. 
Breweria africana (G. Don) Benth. and Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2:877. 1876. 
=Calycobolus africanus (G. Don) Myint, comb. nov. 
Breweria alsinoides Merrill, Interpr. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. 46. 1917. 
=Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 392. 1762. 
Breweria alternifolia Radlk. Abhandl. Nat. Ver. Bremen 8:413. 1884. 
=Calycobolus africanus (G. Don) Myint, supra. 
Breweria angustifolia Nash, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 22:155. 1895. 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 235 


=Stylisma patens (Desr.) Myint, var. angustifolia (Nash) Myint, 
Brittonia 18:112. 1966. 


Breweria aquatica (Walt.) Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2 (1):217. 1878. 
=“Stylisma aquatica (Walt.) Raf. Fl. Tell. 4:83. 1838. 
Breweria argentea Terrace, Ann. Inst. Bot. Roma 5:104. 1893. 
=Seddera latifolia Hochst. and Steud. Flora 7th. Istemiala U5 e5, Bie 
1844, 
Breweria baccharoides Baker, Kew Bull. 1894:68. 1894. 
=Seddera suffruticosa (Schinz) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 18:88. 1893. 
Breweria campanulata Baker, Kew Bull. 1894:68. 1894, 
=Calycobolus campanulatus (Baker) Myint, comb. nov. 
Breweria capensis (Meyer) Baker, in Dyer, Fl. Cap. 4 (2):80. 1904, 
=Seddera capensis (Meyer) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 18:86. 1893. 
Breweria choisyana Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, 1:224. 1840. 
=Seddera evolvuloides (Choisy) Wight, Icon. 4 (2):13, t. 1369. 
1848. 
Breweria Codonanthus Baker ex Oliver, Hook. f. Icon. pile 23 
=Calycobolus africanus (G. Don) Myint, supra. 
Breweria conglomerata Baker, Kew Bull. 1894:68. 1894. 
=Seddera conglomerata (Baker) Hall. f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5:1008. 
1897. 
Breweria evolvuloides R. Br. Salt. Abyss. App. 65. 1814. 
=Seddera arabica (Forsk.) Choisy, in DC., Prodr. 9:441. 1845. 
Breweria evolvuloides Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 6:494. 1833. 
“Seddera evolvuloides (Choisy) Wight, Icon. 4 (2):13, t. 1369. 
1848. 
Breweria evolvuloides Vatke, Linnaea 43:523. 1882. 
=Seddera latifolia Hochst. et Steud. Elonral bei not usenet el S44. 
Breweria fastigiata Balf. f. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. 12:83. 1883. 
=Convolvulus socotranus Verdcourt, Kew Bull. 1957:344. 1957. 
Breweria glaucata Peter, in Engler and Prantl., Naturl. Pflanzenfam. 
4 (8a):17. 1897. Tr: 
=Seddera glomerata (Balf. f.) 0. Schwartz, Mitt. Inst. Allge- 
meine Bot. Hamburg 10:1971. 1939. 
Breweria glomerata Balf. f. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. 12:83. 1883. 
=Seddera glomerata (Balf. f.) 0. Schwartz, 1. c. 1939. 
Breweria Hassleriana Chod. Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. Il. 5:683. 
=Convolvulus hasslerianus (Chod.) O'Donell, Lilloa 23:430. 
1950. 
Breweria heudelotii Baker, Kew Bull. 1894:68. 1894, 
=Calycobolus heudelotii (Baker) Myint, comb. nov. 
Breweria hispida Franchet, Sert. Somal. p. 43. 1882. 
=Seddera somalensis (Vatke) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 18:90. 1893. 
Breweria humistrata (Walt.) Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2 (Wye her. 8 78 
“Stylisma humistrata (Walt.) Chapm. Fl. S. U. S. ed. 1, 346. 1860. 
Breweria intermedia Hochst. Flora 27, Beil. 8. 1844, 
=Seddera intermedia Hochst. et Steud. Flora Zi is\ Beall.) eee 84.4). 
Breweria latifolia Hochst. Flora 27, Beil. 8. 1844. 
=Seddera latifolia Hochst. and Steud., Flora MUP stools ein Te asi 
1844, 
Breweria linifolia Spreng. Syst. 1:614. 1825. 
=Wahlenbergia linarioides (Lam.) A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 7(2):440. 
1839. 


236 Peper) S-Oevi Vol. 17, now 3 


Breweria malvacea Klotzsch, in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 245. t. 
37. 1861. age 
=Astripomoea malvacea (Klotzsch) Meeuse, Bothalia 6:710. 1957. 
Breweria mexicana Hemsl. Biol. Central Am. Bot. 2:400. 1882. 


=Calycobolus velutinus (Mart. and Gal.) House, Bull. Torr. Bot. 
Club 34:14. 1907. 
Breweria michauxii Fern. and Schub. Rhodora 51:37. 1949. 
=Stylisma aquatica (Walt.) Raf. Fl. Tell. 4:83. 1838. 
Breweria microcephala Baker, Kew Bull. 1894:68. 1894. 
=Seddera welwitschii Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 18:88. 1893. 
Breweria minima Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17:228. 1881-82. 
=Convolvulus simulans L.M. Perry, Rhodora 33:76. 1931. 
Breweria mirabilis Baker ex Oliver, Hooker. f. Icon. Pl. 23, t. 
2276. 1894. 
=Calycobolus campanulatus (Baker) Myint, supra. 
Breweria montevidensis Peter, in Engler et Prantl., Naturl. Pflan- 
zenfam. 4 (Abt. 3a):16. 1897. 
=Convolvulus ottonis Meissn. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 7:31l. 
1869, 
Breweria oxycarpa A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2:76. 1851. 
=Seddera arabica (Forsk.) Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9:441. 1845. 
Breweria parviflora Arn. ex Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, 1:224. 1840. 
=Seddera evolvuloides (Choisy) Wight, Icon. 4 (2):13, t. 1369. 
1848. 
Breweria patens (Desr.) Fernald, Rhodora 42:298. 1940. 
Stylisma patens (Desr.) Myint, Brittonia 18:110. 1966. 
Breweria pedunculata Balf. f. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 7:83. 1884. 
=Seddera pedunculata (Balf. f.) Hall. f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 
1010. 1897. ‘ 
Breweria pickeringii (Torr. ex Curtis) Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2 (1): 
Pale Abeta eye 
=Stylisma pickeringii (Torr. ex Curtis) Gray, Man. ed. 2, 335. 
1856. 
Breweria rotundifolia Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 23:281. 1888. 
=Evolvulus rotundifolius (Watson) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16:530. 
1893. 
Breweria scoparia Lindl. Fl. Med. 400. 1838. 
=Convolvulus scoparius L. f. Suppl. 135. 1781. 
Breweria sessiliflora Baker, Kew Bull. 1894:68. 1894. 
=Seddera suffruticosa (Schinz) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 18:88. 1893. 
Breweria somalensis Vatke, Linnaea 43:523. 1882. 
=Seddera arabica (Forsk.) Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9:441. 1845. 
Breweria suffruticosa Schinz in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 30:275. 1888. 
=Seddera suffruticosa (Schinz) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 18:88. 1893. 
Breweria tenella (Desr.) Peter, in Engler et Prantl, Naturl. Pflan- 
zenfam. 4 (3a):16. 1897. 
=Stylisma humistrata (Walt.) Chapm. Fl. S. U. S. ed. 1, 346. 
1860. 
Breweria tiliaefolia Baker, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 22:508. 1887. 


=Rapona madagascariensis Baill. Hist. des Pl. 10:328. 1888. 
Breweria trichosanthes (Michx.) Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. 595. 1903. 

=Stylisma patens (Desr.) Myint, Brittonia 18:110. 1966. 
Breweria valerianoides Villar, Nov. App. 143. 1880. 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 237 


=Jacquemontia paniculata (Burm. f.) Hall. f. Bot. Jahrb. 16: 
e411. 1893. 
Breweria villosa Nash, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 22:154. 1895. 
=Stylisma villosa (Nash) House, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 34:149. 
1907. 
Breweria virgata Vatke, Linnaea 43:523. 1882. 
=Seddera virgata Hochst. et Steud. Flora, Beil. 8, t. 5. 1844. 


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Pulle, Flora Suriname, J.H. de Bussy, Ltd., Amsterdam. 

——-———- 1954. Convolvulaceae, 4:388-512. In C.G.G.J. v. Steenis, 
Flora Malesiana Ser. I, P. Noordhoff, Ltd. 

Peter, A. 1897. Convolvulaceae, 4 (3):1-40; 375-377. In A. Engler 
and K Prantl, Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Leipzig. 

Poiret, J.L.M. 1810. Bonamia, 1:677. In J.B. Lamarck, Encyclopedie 
Methodique, botanique, Paris. co 

Rafinesque, C.S. 1818. "A sketch of the Botany of South Carolina 
and Georgia" by Stephen Elliott, Am. Monthl. Mag. Crit. Rev. 
3:96-101. 

Roberty, G. 1952. Genera Convolvulacearum, Candollea 14:11-60. 

Roemer, J.J. and Schultes, J.A. 1819. Calycobolus, 5:4. In J.J. 
Roemer and J.A. Schultes, Systema Vegetabilium, Stuttgardiae, 
Cotta. 

Shinners, L.H. 1962. Synopsis of United States Bonamia including 
Breweria and Stylisma (Convolvulaceae), Castanea 27:65-77. 

Small, J.K. 1933. Manual of the Southeastern Flora. University 
of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 1554 p. 

Sprengel, K. 1828. Reinwardtia, 1:527. In K. Sprengel, Systema 
Vegetabilium, Goettingae. 

Verdcourt, B. 1957. Notes on East African Convolvulaceae (Part I), 
Kew Bull. 1957:334-347. 

------ 1963. Convolvulaceae, p. 1-161. In C.E. Hubbard and E. 
Milne-Redhead, Flora of Tropical East Africa. The Crown 


Agents, London. 


1968 Myint & Ward, Revision of Bonamia 239 


Wilson, K.A. 1960. The Genera of Convolvulaceae in the Southeastern 
United States, Jour. Arnold Arb. 41:298-317. 


Appendix 
New Names and Combinations 


New species: 


B. brevipedicellata Myint & Ward 


New varieties: 
B. media var. emarginata Myint & Ward 
B. menziesii var. rockii Myint & Ward 


New forms: 
B. trichantha var. ovata forma glabrata Myint & Ward 


New combinations: 
B. elliptica (Smith & Schubert) Myint & Ward 


B. semidigyna var. semidigyna f. ambigua (Hall. f.) 
Myint & Ward 
B. sulphurea (Brandg.) Myint & Ward 


New combinations in Calycobolus: 
. africanus (G. Don) Myint 


campanulatus (Baker) Myint 
heudelotii (Baker) Myint 


Jololo 


ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS VITEX. X 


Harold N. Moldenke 


VITEX Tourn. 

Additional bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, 
pr. 1, 2: 890 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 890. 1796; Steud., Nom. Bot. 
Phan., ed. 1, 228 & 888. 1821; Guinet & Sauvage, Trav. Inst. Sci- 
ent. Chérif., ser. gén., 2: 121. 195; J. Bush-Brown, Shrubs & 
Trees Home Landsc. 161, 195, & 197. 1963; Martinez-Crovetto, Bon- 
plandia 1: 177 & 198. 1963; E. Lawrence, South. Gard., ed. 2, 
139, 219, & 261. 1967; Doolittle & Tiedebohl, Southwest. Gard., 
ed. 2, 90, 170, & 171. 1967; Vyas, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 
64: 219. 1967; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 9: 390 (1968) and 9 (8): S. 
185. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 487--502, 507, 509, & 512 
(1968) and 17: 8—56 & 11)--120. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 
16: 1--5, 7—13, 21, 25, 29, & 30. 1968. 

Doolittle & Tiedebohl (1967) point out that members of this 
genus when cultivated in the southwestern United States need 
care in transplanting, should be pruned in January, and tend to 
remain dormant until very late in the spring. 


VITEX UNIFLORA J. G. Baker 

Additional bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew., pre 1, 2: 1214 (1895) and pr. 2, 2: 1214. 196; Moldenke in 
Humbert, Fl. Madag. 174: 71, 109--111, & 273, fig. 16 (5 & g). 
1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 203--20. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 
157 & 479. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 
2: 121). 1960. 

Illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 174: 109, fig. 
16 (5 & 6). 1956. 


VITEX URCEOLATA C. B. Clarke 

Additional bibliography: Forbes & Hemsl., Fl. Sin. 2: 259. 
1890; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 1213 & 
121). 1895; Dunn & Tutcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Addit. Ser. 10: 
20). 1912; Lam. & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 
55. 1921; H. N. Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 633. 1923; P. Dop in Le- 
comte, Fl. Indochine }: 826. 1935; Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 
1938: 432 & 43h. 1938; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., 
pr. 2, 2: 1213 & 121). 1946; Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Index 1929- 
1956, 293. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 
2: 1213 & 1214. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 92. 1961; Hegnauer, 
Chemotax. Pfl. 3: 39. 196). 

Krukoff describes this species as a tree, 75 feet tall, the 
trunk 12 inches in circumference, fruiting in November. Material 
has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as Teijsmanni- 


odendron coriaceum (C. B. Clarke) Kosterm. 


Additional citations: INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sumatra: 


20 


, 
| 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 21 
Krukoff 2) (N, W—1750656), 4339 (N, W--1750719). 


VITEX VANSTEENISI Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 27: 3121. 
1953; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 151. 1959; Moldenke, Phyto- 
logia 8: 92. 1961. 


VITEX VAUTHIERI P. DC. 

Additional bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew., pr. 1, 1: 296. (1893) and 2:.121), (1895), pr..2, 1: 296 
(1946) and 2: 121) (1946), and pr. 3, 1: 296 (1960) and 2: 121. 
1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 93. 1961. 

An isotype of this species -- Vauthier 193 — deposited in the 
herbarium of the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques at Geneva, 
ae photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph number 
7882. 

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Sampaio 799 
(Ja—-11)100); Vauthier 193 [Macbride photos 7882] (W--photo of 
isotype). Ta 


VITEX VELUTINA (Koord. & Val.) Koord. 

Additional synonymy: Vitex velutina Koord. apud Stapf, Ind. 
Lond. 6: 479. 1931. 

Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 219. 
1926; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 93 (1961) and 17: 30. 1968; Molden- 
ke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 30. 1968. 


VITEX VENULOSA Moldenke 

Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia : 6l--65 (1952) and 6: 
210--211. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 143 & 479. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. 
Kew. Suppl. 12: 151. 1959. 


VITEX VERMOESENI DeWild. 

Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 29. 
1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 93. 1961; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 
12: 6 & 7. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 25). 1967. 

Recent collectors describe this plant as a tree, 20 n. tall, 
called 'mebassa" or "mevassa", growing in forests, and fruiting 
in March. The corollas on Monteiro & Murta 209 are described as 
having been "clear green", vi Lo 

Additional citations: ANGOLA: Cabinda: Monteiro & Murta 209 
(Ul); Murta 39 (Ul). 5 


VITEX VERTICILLATA A. Chev. 

Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 273. 
1921; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 213. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 10 & 
479. 1959; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 2, 273. 1960. 

Regardless of whether or not one considers Chevalier's descrip- 
tion of this taxon as adequate, his binomial is apparently invali- 
dated by the Vitex verticillata of DeCandolle & Lamarck, Fl. Franc. 


2: 363 (1778), and will have to be replaced if the taxon proves to 


2h2 P HeYTOnh Owed & Vol. 17, no. 3 
be distinct. 


VITEX VESTITA Wall. 

Additional synonymy: Vitex vestita "Wall. ex Kurz" apud Anon., 

Kew Bull. Gen. Index 1929-1956, 293. 1959. Vitex vestita "Wall. 
ex Schau." apud Backer & Bakh., Fl. Java 2: 605. 1965. Vitex 
vestita Vahl ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 13: 7, in syn. 19 

~~ Additional & emended bibliography: Bocq., Adansonia 3: (Rev. 
Verbenac.] 253. 1863; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 
1, 2: 1213 & 120). 1895; C. B. Clarke in J. Schmidt, Bot. Tids- 
skr. 26: 172. 190; A. We Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: "252. 1929; 
P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3):[Verbenac. China] 112 & lly, pl. 
22. 1932; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 297. 1938; Fletcher, 
Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 32 & 36. 1938; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. 
Suppl. 2: 500. 191; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 
2, 2: 1213 & 1214. 1946; Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Index 1929-1956, 
293- 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 1213 
& 1214. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 93. 1961; Moldenke, Dansk 
Bot. Arkiv 23: 92. 1963; Backer & Bakh., Fl. Java 2: 605. 1965; 
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 13: 7. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 
111. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 30. 1968. 

Illustrations: P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac. 
China] pl. 22. 1932. 

Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub or small 
tree, 1.5-—5 m. tall, with yellowish-green fruit, growing on 
granite, in thickets, in primary forests, and "scattered by 
stream", at altitudes of 150—7000 feet, called "kajoe giak 
noenik", and fruiting in January, August, and September. Backer 
& Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965) describe the plant as follows: 
petioles 3.5--10.5 cm. long; leaflets 3, elliptic-ovate-oblong, 
long-acuminate at the apex, short-pubescent above, villous and 
copiously gland-dotted beneath, the median leaflet 11.5--20 cm. 
long, .5--11 cm. wide, on a petiolule 1.5--3.5 cm. long, the 
other leaflets smaller and on shorter petiolules; cymes 1-~) in 
each axil, tawny-pubescent; calyx and corolla with numerous 
rather large yellow glands on the outer surface; corolla yellom, 
its tube about 8 m, long, glabrous except for a ring of hairs 
rather far below the insertion of the stamens and near the base 
inside. They comment that while the species has been recorded 
from Java "no Javan localities are known. Probably the plant was 
collected in the Bogor Botanic Garden, where it was formerly 
cultivated." They give its distribution as the "Western part of 
Malesia". In my 1963 work the distribution is given as "India, 
Burma, Indo-China, Thailand, and Malaya, north into southern 
China, east to the Lingga Archipelago, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, 
and the Lesser Sunda Islands". 

Chand states that it is a "rare forest tree" in Assam. The 
corolla is described as "whitish" on A. Henry 12310, as "yellow" 
on Toroes 28), and "with a yellow spot in throat" on Chand 3428. 
The Boeea 7019 and Toroes 28) & 1236 collections are accompanied 
by wood sample at the University of Michigan. Toroes 1497 has 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 23 


leaves that approach those of f. glabrescens Moldenke. The Boeea 
8501, distributed as V. vestita, is actually V. gamosepala var. 
kunstleri King & Gamble. 

Additional citations: INDIA: Assam: Chand 3428 (Mi), 3573 (Mi). 
BURMA: Shan States: Khalil s.n. [Laikaw, , 1893) (W. (W--369589). Up- 
per Burma: Kingdon-Ward 22501 (Bm). CHINA: Yttnnan: A. Henry 
12310 (W--l59020, W—L59021); J. F. Rock 7212 (W-—-1758335). THAI- 
LAND: Hansen, Seidenfaden, & smitinand 10808 © (Ac, Cp); Sgrensen, 


Larsen, & Hansen 5209 (Cp). MALAYA: Selangor: Kloss sen. [3.8. 
191k] (W--2318001) . INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: -: Banka: 
Anta 608 (A). Sumatra: Boeea 7049 (Mi, Mi), 9827 (Mi, Mi); Toro- 
es es 28h (i (Mi, Mi), 1236 (Mi, Mi), » 1497 (Mi); Yates 1648 (Mi, Mi), 


ZO (Mi). 


VITEX VESTITA f. GLABRESCENS Moldenke 
3 ee a bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 89 (1951) and 
: 93. 1961. 

Soepadmo calls this plant a treelet,  m. tall, with yellowish- 
green fruit, growing in sandy-loam soil on hillsides. The Toroes 
1,97 collection, cited under typical V. vestita Wall., has leaves 
which almost approach those of f. glabrescens in their pubescence. 

Additional citations: INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sumatra: 
Soepadmo 181 (S). 


VITEX VESTITA f. MILLSII (Henderson) Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 29. 
1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 489 (1951) and 6: 216—217. 1958; 
Moldenke, Résumé 181, 386, & 479. 1959. 


VITEX VESTITA var. SIAMICA Moldenke 
Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 4: 65 (1952) and 6: 217. 
1958; Moldenke, Résumé 179. 1959. 


VITEX VESTITA f. WINKLERI Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 489 (1951) 
and 8: 94. 1961. 


VITEX VILLOSA Sim 

Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr. 1, 28 
(1913) and pr. 2, 248. 1958; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 217--218. 
1958; Moldenke, Résumé 151 & 79. 1959. 


VITEX VOLKENSII Gtirke 

Additional & emended bibliography: Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. 
Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 457. 1906; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr. 1, 28. 
1913; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 249. 1933; Durand & Jacks., 
Ind. Kew. Suppl. "a: pr. 2, 457. 1941; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, 
pr. 2, 248. 1958; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 457. 
1959; "Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 94. 1961; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. 


2b PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 
Ae: 592. 1962. 


VITEX VONDROZENSIS Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Biol, Abstr. 27: 3121. 1953; 
Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17): 75, 121--123, & 273, fig. 18 
(4). 1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 219--220. 1958; Moldenke, Ré- 
sumé 157 & 79. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 151. 1959. 
Illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17: 121, fig. 
18 (4). 1956. 


VITEX WATERLOTI Danguy 

Additional & emended bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 
7: 252. 1929; Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17h: 76, 133--1%, 
& 273, fig. 21 (3-5). 1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 220—222. 
1958; Anon., U. S. Dept. Agre Bot. Subj. Index 15: 14361. 1958; 
Moldenke, Résumé 157, 391, & 479. 1959. 

Illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 174: 135, fig. 
21 (3—5). 1956. 


VITEX WELLENSI DeWild. 

Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 29. 
1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 222223, 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 
143 & 479. 1959. 


VITEX WELWITSCHII Gtirke 

Additional bibliography: Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, 
pr. 1, 457. 1906; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 252. 1929; F. 
R. Irvine, Pl. Gold Coast 37. 1930; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. 
Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 457 (1941) and pr. 3, 457. 1959; Moldenke, Phy- 
tologia 8: 9). 1961; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 7. 1965; Mol- 
denke, Phytologia 15: 2h6—2)7. 1967. 

Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub or small 
tree, 0.5--35 m. tall, often rhizomatous, with green or dark 
wine-colored fruit, growing in sandy soil, in wet or dense sec- 
ondary forests, Brachystegia woods, or regenerated forests after 
cultivation, at 1630--1700 m. altitude, flowering also in Janu- 
ary, April, and November, fruiting in April and August, and 
called "munterengue". The corollas are said to have been "white 
with the lip blue inside" on F. A. Mendonca 2856, "with a violet 
lip" on Torre 2096, and "lilac with yellow throat" on E. J. Men- 
des 2057. Ir Irvine ine (1930) remarks that Thompson 37 represents a 
species "near V. welwitschii", Herbarium material has been mis- 
identified and distributed as V. grisea J. G. Baker. 

Additional citations: CONGO LEOPOLDVILLE: Louis 21 (B), 2163 
(B). ANGOLA: Benguela: Gossweiler 12185 (Ul). Cabinda: Konteiro, 
Santos, & Murta 259 (Ul). Huambo: E, J. Mendes 56 (Ul). Huila: 
Antunes or Dekindt s.n. (Ul); E. J. Mendes Mendes 2057 7 (Ul, 2); R. San- 
tos tos 458 (U1). Luanda: Teixeira 10 (UL). PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA : 
Lourengo Marques: F. A. Mendonca , 2856 (UL); Torre 2096 (Rf, UL), 


6u17 (UL), 7678 (UL). 


A NOTE ON BAUHINIA HAGENBECKIT HARMS 


R. P. Wunderlin * 


Bauhinia hagenbeckii Harms is an interesting and variable 
species which occurs in the Cacho region of Paraguay and Brazil. 
The Cacho is an arid region composed of alluvial soil of un- 
consolidated sands and clays which supposrts a vegetation com— 
posed of thickets of thorny scrub trees and openings of course 
grasses. Until this study was conducted, this species was 
known only from photographs of the type specimen. The type 
collection was made in "Gran Cacho, Brazil" by Hagenbeck in 
April, 1895. The only known existing type was destroyed by 
allied bombs and fire during World War II. A photograph and a 
fragment (4 leaflets) of the type housed in the Field Museum of 
Natural History were examined by the author. This material is 
therefore designated as the lectotype of the species. 

Bauhinia hassleriana was described by Chodat in 1904, one 
year after B. hagenbeckii, from the Cacho region of Paraguay. 

It was segregated into four forms (f. angustifolia, f. inter- 
media, f. latifolia, and f. acuminata) and a variety (var. mar- 
ginata) by Chodat and Hassler in the same paper. Several of | 
these taxa are known to the author only from the ample type ma- 
terials and others from the description only. The forms angust- 
ifolia, intermedia, and latifolia were segregated on the basis 
of leaf width, the dimensiona of which apparently were arbitrar- 
ly selected and overlap on the type material examined by the 
author. Forma acuminata is differentiated by having the lobes 
of the leaflets acuminate, but this also is too variable for 
formal taxonomic designation. Variety marginata is different- 
iated by having the leaflets distinctly marginate. This char- 
acter is also not clear-cut and quite evident margins are found 
on other taxa of the species as well as on the type material of 
B. hagenbeckii. 

In vegetative and floral characters B. hassleriana is not 
separated from B. hagenbeckii and is best considered as being 
conspecific with it. 

The following is the synonymy of B. hagenbeckii and a de- 
scription of the species as I know it: 


BAUHINIA HAGENBECKIT Harms, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 33. Beibl. 72:21. 
1903. (T: Hagenbeck s.n.!). 

Bauhinia ee Chod. in Chod. & Hassl. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 
~ ger. 2. 4:690. 1904, ex char. 

Bauhinia So eee: Chod. forma sou Chod. & Hassl. Bull. 
~ Herb. Boiss. ser. 2. 4:690. 1904. (T: Hassler 7076!). 


2h5 


2h6 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 3 


Bauhinia hassleriana Chod. forma angustifolia Chod. & Hassl. 
Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2. 4:690. 1904, ex char. 

Bauhinia hassleriana Chod. forma intermedia Chod. & Hassl. Bull. 
Herb. Boiss. ser. 2. 4:690. 1904. (T: Hassler 7898!). 

Bauhinia hassleriana Chod. forma latifolia Chod. & Hassl. Bull. 
Herb. Boiss. ser. 2. 4:690. 1904. (T: Hassler 7656). 

Bauhinia hassleriana Chod. var. ta Chod. & Hassl. Bull. 
Herb. Boiss. ser. 2. 4:690. (T: Hassler 6958!). 


A much branched shrub or small tree. Branches pubescent, 
soon glabrescent. Leaves bifoliolate; leaflets obliquely ovate 
to linear-oblong, apices obtuse to subacute, 2-6 cm long, 0.5- 
2.0 cm wide, upper leaflets generally narrower than lower, 
puberulent or subglabrous below, usually pubescent near petiole, 
glabrous above, 1-to 4-nerved (depending on width of leaflets), 
veins conspicuously reticulate below, less so above, margins 
often distinct; petioles slender, 1-2 cm long, puberulent to sub- 
glabrous. Flowers solitary to few in axillary clusters, appress-— 
ed puberulent; buds 5-6 cm long at maturity; calyx cylindrical, 
tube 2.5-4.0 em long, lobes 2.5-3.5 cm long, splitting and re- 
flexed at maturity; petals lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 
clawed, 2.0-2.5 cm long, 6-8 mm wide, white; anthers 10, alter- 
nately long and short, filaments glabrous, 2.0-2.5 cm long; 
pistils slightly longer than stamens, glabrous or sparingly 
pilose; pedicels 10-12 mm long. Mature legume dimensions un- 
known, light tan, dehiscent. 


Type: Hagenbeck s.n. (F) from "Gran Cacho, Brazil" is select- 
ed as the lectotype. 


SPECIMENS EXAMINED: BRAZIL: "Gran Cacho", Hagenbeck s.n. (F- 
type; photo-US, MO). PARAGUAY: Amambay: In rocks along Rio Apa 
near Bella Vista, Hassler 7898 (MO, MICH, US, UC, F). Boqueron: 
In sand along bank of Rio Yacare, Hassler 7076 (F, GH, UC). 
Cordilleras: In dry rocky area near Valenzuela, Hassler 6958 
(photo-MO, US, F; MICH, F, MO, UC). 


* Department of Botany, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. 


A NEW SPECIES OF PIRIQUETA AUBLET (TURNERACEAE) 
FROM WATO- GROSSO, BRAZIL 


Carlos Alberto F. de Moura 
Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo 


Piriqueta corumbensis C. Moura sp. nov. — Herba caule 25 = 
35 cm alt., cylindrico, simplici v. pauciramoso, pilis stellari- 
bus (radius centralis longissimus, radiis basalibus brevioribus) 
flavo-aureis, dense vestito; pilis simplicitus brevissimis te- 
nuibus, albidis, intermixtis. Stipulae nullae. Folia petiolis 
2-4 mm longis; lamina elliptica v. fere late lanceolata, 3 - 

6 cm longa, 2 - 3 cm lata, 1.1/2 = 2-plo longiora quam latiora, 
basi obtusa v. subrotundata, apice obtusa, in ambitu crenata ba- 
si excepta, undique pilosa, superne pilis pluriradiatis, radio 
intermedio maiore, flavescentibus, inferne densissime pilosa, pi- 
lis brevioribus, multiradiatis, radio intermedio non v. vix lon- 
giore, pallido-flavescentibus, utrimque ad nervos pilosa, nervis 
superne impressis, inferne prominentibus. Flores axillares soli- 
tarii, dolichostyli. Pedunculi longissimi, 35 = 50 mm longi, pe- 
dicelli 5 — 8 mm longi; bracteolae nullae. Calyx 15 - 17 m lon- 
gus, vix in 1/4 alt. coalitus, extus dense hirsutus, flavo-aureus; 
tubus calycinus obconicus, intus glaber; lobi lanceolati bravi- 
apiculati, tri- v. pentanervibus. Petala calycem vix ca. 1 m 
longe superantia, violacea, glabra, obovata, 13 - 14 mm longa, 7 
- 8 mm lata, basi obtusa, apice rotundata v. subtruncata, sub in- 
sertione in calycis tubum marginibus decurrentia; corona vix 1 
mm longa, in parte anteriore lacerato-fimbriata. Filamenta basi 
vix 1 mm longe tubo calycino adnata, glabra, 4 - 6 mm longa; an- 
therae effloratae lanceolatae, 2 - 2,5 mm longae, dorso in 1/3 
alt. affixae. Ovarium ovatum, 2,5 mm longum, dense pilosum, 30- 
ovulatum. Stili glabri, erecti, 3 = 5 mm longi, apice breve 4- 
partiti; stigmata muiltiflagellata digitata, 1 - 1,3 mm longa, 
Fructus globulosus, pilosus, 6 mm longus, 6 mm diametro, dorso 
sub pube tuberculatus. Semina immatura. 

Holotype in the Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, accession 
n® 85714, collected at Fazenda Aguassuzinho, Municipality of Co-~ 
rumba, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, October 17, 1953, by E. Pe- 
reira, W. Egler & Graziela Barroso 388. 

This specimen is similar to Piriqueta aurea (Camb.) Urban. 
However, a more detailed examination shows that the specimen in 
question has certain characteristics which distinguish it from 
that species. Thus, in P, aurea, the hairs of the stem and leaves 
are identical in being irregularly stellate with all of the rays 
well-developed; the peduncles do not exceed 27 mm in length; the 
petals are oblanceolate-cuneate and surpass the calyx lobes by 8 
- 15 m; the style is divided irregularly to form the thin stig- 
matic branches. In the new species the stem hairs possess a cen- 
tral ray mich longer than the other rays; these other rays remain 
at the base as a low crown surrounding the central ray. The leaf 
hairs are shorter than the stem hairs. The hairs of the upper sur- 
face of the leaf resemble those ff the stem in having a long cen- 

27 


28 Turrene @2a & Vol. 17, no. 3 


tral ray with short basal rays, whereas those of the lower surfa- 
ce have a shorter central ray and a larger number of basal rays. 
The peduncles are very long, 35 - 50 mm. The petals are obovate 
and do not surpass the calyx lobes by more than 1 mm. The style 
is divided at the tip into 4 regular short branches; each of these 
then divides into 4 - 5 digitate stigmatic branches. 

Because of the above differences I am describing it as a new 
species, naming it for the municipality in which it was collected. 

I wish to extend my thanks to Dr. George Ziten who reviewed 
the English textand to Dr, Gerhard Gottsberger for inking in my 
drawings. 


Icom 


2mm 


lcm 


Fig. 1. Piriqueta corumbensis. Diagramatic drawing of a flower 
showing The relative length of corolla and calyx lobes. 

Fig. 2. Pistil with hairy ovary, 3 styles and stigmatic branches. 
Fig. 3. Stem hair. 

Fig. 4. Hair on lower face of leaf. 

Fig. 5. Leaf showing venation. 


1~* PHYTOLOGIA 


Designed to expedite botanical publication 


Vol. 17 October, 1968 No. 4 
CONTENTS , 

REED, C. F., Index Thelypteridis. . . . BOTANICAL GARDE 

LITTLE, E. L., Jr., Two new pinyon varieties from Arizona . . . .329 


DEGENER, O. & I., The eruption in Hiiaka Crater, Island of Hawaii .343 
MOLDENKE, H.N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. LI. . . .344 


MIEDENKE. A) 1, Book reviews. . 2... ee ees en 2 345 


. MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. XIII . .348 


Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 


303 Parkside Road 
Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 
U.S.A: 


Price of this number, $1.50; per volune, $6.75, in advance, 
or $7 at close of volume 


INDEX THELYPTERIDIS 


Clyde F, Reed * 


Thelypteris Schmidel has been proposed for conservation by 
Holttum (i588) over Thelypteris Adanson (= Pteris), In so doing he 
has presented a brief historical outline of the problems involved 
in establishing Thelypteris Schmidel. Fernald and Weatherby (1929) 
early presented the pros and cons regarding Schmidel's publication 
of Thelypteris and gave reasons why the name was legitimately pub~ 
lished as a generic name, Schott (1834) was the first to use the 
binomial Thelypteris palustris, thus establishing the genotype. 


Ferns with "thelypteroid" characteristics have been descri- 
bed originally in many different genera, mainly in Nephrodium, As~ 
pidium, Polypodium, Dryopteris, Lastrea, Cyclosorus, Menisciun, 
Gymnogramma, Abacopteris, Phegopteris and Stegnogramma, They have 
been transferred to Dryopteris, Thelypteris, Phegopteris, Lastrea, 
Cyclosorus, or have also most recently been put into numerous new 
genera by Ching (1963). 


Nieuwland (1910) presented Dryopteris as a synonym of Thely~ 
pteris and thereby started a long line of confusion, Not only were 
palustris, simulata and noveboracensis put into Thelypteris, but 
also fragrans, marginalis, filix-mas, goldiana, bootii, cristata 
and spinulosa were added. Christensen (1913 and 1920) in his Mono- 
graph of the genus Dryopteris treated the genus as a large one, in- 
cluding in it those ferns with "thelypteroid" characteristics. 


Ching (1936), in his Revision of the Genus Dryopteris in the 
SikkimHimalayan Region, accepted the ferns with "thelypteroid" 
characteristics as a separate genus, Thelypteris, and included in 
it species described im Lastrea, Glaphyropteris, Leptogranma and 
other genera. Thus he made Thelypteris a large genus, describing 
many new species and transferring about 80 species into the genus 
at that time. 


Christensen (1938) in the Manual of Pteridology recognized 
the essential differences between the dryopteroid and thelypter— 
oid ferns by dividing his subfamily (XII) Dryopteridoideae into 
two tribes: Dryopterideae and Thelypterideae. In the Thelypteri- 
deae he included Thelypteris Schmidel (Lastrea Bory, Dryopteris 


* Reed Herbarium, Baltimore, Maryland; Research Botanist and Plant 
Explorer for United States Department of Agriculture; Collaborator 
in Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution. 


2h9 


250 Pon ee bec Vol. 17, no. 


part. auctt,) with about 500 species, Phegopteris Fee (= Gymno- 

carpium Newman), Glaphyropteris Presl, Steiropteris C.Chr., Para- 
polystichum Keyss., Pteridrys C.Chr. et Ching, Monachosorum Kunze, 
Monachosorella Hayata, Cyclosorus Link (Meniscium Schreber, Lepto- 


gramma J.Sm., Stegnogramma Blume, Sphaerostephanos J.Sm.) and 
Goniopteris Presl. 


H. It6 (1939) emended Thelypteris Schmidel and divided the 
genus into several sections: Buthelypteris H. Ité (Type: Th. palu- 
stris Schott), Parathelypteris H. It6 (Type: Th. duligera Ching), 
Metathelypteris H. It6 (Type: Th. gracilescens Ching) and Macro- 
thelypteris H. Ito (Type: Th. oligophlebia Ching). However, he main- 
tained the genera Glaphyropteris Presl (Type: Gl. decussata Presl), 
with sect. Euglaphyropteris H. Ito and sect. Cyclogramma H. It6 (Gl. 
simlans H. Ité); Phegopteris Fee (Type: Ph. polypodioides Fée), 
with sect, Euphegopteris Christ and sect. Lastrella H. Ito (Type: 
Ph, decursive-pinnata Fée); Gymnocarpium Newn, (Type: G, dryopteris 
Newm. ) » with sect. Eugymnocarpium and sect. Currania Ching (Type: 

ocarpium gracilipes Ching); Leptogramma J.Sm. (Type: L. totta 
J.Sm.); Cyclosorus Link (Type: C. gongylodes Link) and Meniscium 
Schreb. c= M, reticulatum Swartz), with sect, Bumeniscium H,Ito 
and sect. Goniopteridopsis H. Ito (Type: M,. urophyllum H, Ito). 


Ching (1940) established the family Thelypteridaceae, with 
twelve genera and about 800 species, He divided the family into 


three tribes:Thelypterideae, Goniopterideae and Dictyoclineae. In 
the tribe Thelypterideae he placed Thelypteris Schmidel (Type: Th. 
alustris Schott), Lastreopsis Ching (Type: L, recedens (J.Sm.) 
Ching), Hypodematium Kunze croc. H. crenatum (Forsk.) Kuhn), Glaphy- 
ropteris Presl (Type: Gl, decussata i.) Presl), Parapolystichum 
(Keyserling) Ching (Type: P. effusum (Sw.) Ching) and Leptogramma 
J.Sm., emend. Ching (L. totta (Willd.) J.Sm.).In the tribe Gonio- 
pterideae he placed Cyclosorus Link (Type: C. gongylodes (Schkuhr) 
Link), Stegnogramma Blume (Type: S, aspidioides Blume), Goniopteris 
Presl (Type: G, crenata (Sw,) Presl), Abacopteris Fee, emend, Ching 
(Type: A, lineata (Blume) Ching) and Meniscium Schreb. (Type: M. 
reticulatum (L.) Swartz). In the tribe Dictyoclineae he placed 
Dictyocline Moore (Type: D. fithii (Hook, et Thoms.) Moore. He 


placedSphaerostephanos J.Sm, (Type: S. polycarpa (Blume) Copel.) 
in the monotypic family Sphaerostephanaceae Ching. 


Copeland (1947) in Genera Filicum established the family As- 
pidiaceae (S,F.Gray) Copel., including in it several families estab- 
lished by Ching (1940), as Dictyoxiphiaceae, Thelypteridaceae, 
Sphaerostephanaceae, Woodsiaceae, Hypoderriaceae, Didymochlaenaceae, 
and Elaphoglossaceae, On the basis that Thelypteris Schmidel was 
invalidly published, Copeland took up Lastrea Bory and transferred 
many species to this genus, using Polypodium oreopteris Ehrh, as 
genotype. This arrangement also permitted Lastrea thelypteris (L.) 
Bory to become usable, The concept of Lastrea presented by Copeland 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 251 


included Leptogramma J.Sm. (Type: L. totta (Willd.) J.Sm.), Amauro~ 
pelta Kunze (Type: A. breutelii Kunze), Glaphyropteris Presl (Type: 
Gl, decussata (L.) Presl), Phegopteris Fée ieee Polypodium poly- 
podioides L.), Oochlamys Fée (Type: 0. rivoirei Fée), Steiropteris 
C.Chr., Cyclogramma Tagawa (Type: Thelypteris simplans Ching). 


Copeland in Genera Filicum also maintained the following gen- 
era: ea Link, including Abacopteris Fée (Type: C. gongy- 
lodes (Schkuhr Link) and transferred many species into this genus; 
Currania Copel. (Type: C. gracilipes Copel.); Ampelopteris Kunze 

Type: A. elegans Kunze); Sphaerostephanos J.Sm. in Hook. et Bauer 
(Type: S. asplenioides J.Sm,); Stegnogramma Blume (Type: S. as- 
idioides Blume); Goniopteris Presl (Lectotype: G. viviparum (Raddi) 
Brack. ); Meniscium Schreber (Type: M. reticulatum Ge) Swartz}; and 
Dictyocline Moore (Type: D. griffithii Moore). 


Pichi-Sermolli (1953) argued that since the legitimacy of 
Thelypteris Schmidel was uncertain, the best solution was te give 
up the name and to protect Lastrea versus Thelypteris. Fuchs (1963) 
also proposed using Lastrea, using L. thehypteris (L.) Presl and L. 
limbosperma (Allioni) Holub et Pouzar apud Holub (1961) as repre- 
sentatives (Flora of Hungary). Fuchs also maintained the generic 


names Dryopteris, Gymmocarpium and Phegopteris. 


Holttum (1954) distinguished four genera in the family Thely- 
pteridaceae: Thelypteris, Cyclosorus, Abacopteris and Ampelopteris. 


Ching (1963) in his reclassification of the family Thely- 
pteridaceae divided the family into the three tribes he had estab- 
lished in 1940 and then subdivided these into subtribes, allowing 
for 18 genera, transferring the Asiatic mainland species previously 
(1936) placed in Thelypteris, Many of the sections Ching elevated 
to genera, especially those of H. It6 (1939), leaving only three 
species in Thelypteris. 

Tribe Thelypterideae Ching (1940): Subtribe Thelypteridi- 
nae Ching: Thelypteris Schmidel, Lastrea Bory, Parathelypteris 
(H.It6) Ching, Metathelypteris (H.It6) Ching and Hypodematium 
Kunze; Subtribe Phegopteridinae Ching: Macrothelypteris (H.1té) 
Ching, Phegopteris Fée, Pseudophegopteris Ching, Cyclogramma 
Tagawa, and Leptogramma J.Sm. 

Tribe Goniopterideae Ching (1940): Subtribe Pseudocyclo- 
sorinae Ching: Glaphyropteris Ching, Pseudocyclosorus Ching, 
and Mesoneuron Ching; Subtribe Cyclosorinae Ching: Cyclosorus 
Link and Stegnogramma Blume; Subtribe Goniopteridinae Ching: | 
Ampelopteris Kunze; Subtribe Menisciinae Ching: Abacopteris Fee, 
emend, Ching. 

Tribe Dictyoclineae Ching (1940). Dictyocline Moore. 


252 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 


Morton (1963) on the other hand widened the concept of Thely- 
pteris Schmidel by including the generic segregates proposed by 
Ching, Copeland, Alston, Holttum and Tardieu-Blot up to that time, 
Therefore, Morton's ultimate concept of Thelypteris is mich like 
that of Ching in 1936. However, Morton divided the genus into the 
following subgenera and sections, 

Thelypteris Schmidel is divided into three subgenera: 
Subgenus Thelypteris (Lectotype: Th. palustris Schott); Sub- 
genus Lastrea (Bory) Alston (Type: Polypodium oreopteris Ehrh,), 
with sect.Lastrea and sect, Glaphyropteris (Pres) Morton (Type: 
Pol um desussatum L.);and subgenus Cyclosorus (Link) Morton 
(Type: Aspidium gongylodes Schkuhr), with sect, Cyclosorus, 
sect, Steiropteris (e.Che-) Morton (Lectotype: Polypodium del- 
toideum Swartz),sect, Leptogramma (J.Sm.) Morton (Lectotype: 

L. totta J.Sm, = Th, pozoi Cragasia) Morton), sect. Goniopteris 
(Presl) Morton (Lectotype: Polypodium crenatum Swartz = Th. 
oitiana (Bory) Proctor), and sect, Meniscium (Schreber) Morton 
asa: Polypodium reticulatum L.). 


Momose made extensive studies of many genera of ferns and of 
species—complexes within genera, His studies dealt mainly with the 
gametophyte stage, His studies are reflected in the Studies on the 
Gametophyte of Ferns, I-XXIX, published in the Journal of Japanese 
Botany, volumes 13-18, 1937-1942, The prothalli of the Thelypter- 
oid ferns are reported in parts XVI and XVII (1941). Most of the 
species studied are those found in Japan. 


Iwatsuki (1964~1965) presented his classification of Thely- 
pteris Schmidel, based upon his studies of the thelypteroid ferns 
of Japan and adjacent regions, His studies have been quite exten- 
Sive and quite thorough. He recognizes the following genera in 
the Thelypteridaceae: Stegnogramma Blume, with three sections; 
Thelypteris Schmidel, with 14 subgenera; and Meniscium Schreber, 
with 4 sections, 

1. Stegnogramma Blume (1628). (Type: St. aspidioides Bl.). 

a. Sect. 1. Leptogramma (J.Sm.) K.Iwats. (1963) (Type: 
Po dium tottum willd., non Thunb. = St. pozoi 
(Lagasca) K.Iwats.). 

b. Sect, 2. Stegnogramma, (Type: St. aspidioides Bl.). 

ec. Sect. 3. Dictyocline (Moore) K.Iwats. (1963). (Type: 
st. griffithii Moore) K.Iwats.). 

2. Thelypteris Schmidel (1763). (Type: Acrostichum thely- 

pteris Ze 

a. Subgen. 1. Phegopteris (Presl) Ching (1936). (Type: 

Polypodium phegopteris L.). 

1, Sect. 1. Phegopteris. (2 species). 

2. Sect. 2. Lastrella (H.Ito) K.Iwats.(1964). (Type: 
Polypodium decursive-pinnatum van Hall) ( 50 species). 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 253 


b. Subgen. 2. Cyclogramma (Tagawa) K. Iwats. (1964). (Type: 
Thelypteris simulans Ching = Th. auriculata). (7 species). 
ce, Subgen. 3. Thelypteris. (Lastrea Bory, Type: Poly- 
podium oreopteris Ehrh.). 
l. Sect. 1. Metathelypteris H.Ito (1939). (Type: Aspi- 
dium gracilescens Blume). (14 species). 
2. Sect. 2. Thelypteris. (Type: Acrostichum thelypteris 
L. = Th. palustris Schott). (300 species). 
d. Subgen. 4. Cyclosoriopsis K. Iwats. (1964). (Type: 
Polypodium dentatum Forsk.). (150 species). 
e, Subgen. 5. Gla opteris (Presl) Alston (1958). (Type: 
Polypodium decussatum L.). (110 species). 
ff a 6. Glaphyropteridopsis (Ching) ies (1964). 
Type: Polypodium erubescens Wall. ex Hook.). (20 
species). 
1. Sect. 1. Glaphyropteridopsis. (3 species). 
2. Sect. 2. Mesoneuron (Ching) K.Iwats. (Type: Aspi- 
dium crassifoliumBlume). (10 species). 
3. Sect. 3. Neocyclosorus K. Iwats. (1964). (Type: 
Aspidium heterocarpon Blume), (Several species). 

ge Subgen. 7. Steiropteris (C.Chr.) K. Iwats. (1964). 
(Type: Polypodium deltoideum Swartz). (13 species). 

h. Subgen. 8. Cyclosorus (Link) Morton (1963). (Type: 
Aspidium goggilodus Schkuhr. (100 or more species). 

i. Subgen. 9. Sphaerostephanos (J.Sm.) K. Iwats, (1964). 
(Type: Sph. asplenioides J.Sm. = Th. polycarpa (Blume) 
KeIwats. (6 species). 

j. Subgen. 10. Haplodictyum (Presl) K. Iwats. (1964). 
(Type: H. heterophyllum Presl, 1849). 

k, Subgen. 11. Pneumatopteris (Nakai) K. Iwats. (1964). 
(Type: Aspidium callosum Blume), 

1. Sect. 1. Pneumatopteris. (20 species). 
2. Sect. 2. Macrocyclosorus K. Iwats. (1964). (Type: 
Aspidium megaphyllum Mett. (20 species). 

1. Subgen. 12. Abacopteris (Fée) K.Iwats. (1964). (Type: 

Aspidium lineatum Blume, 1828). 


m, Subgen. 13. Dimorphopteris (Tagawa et K.Iwats.) K. 
Iwats, (1 sacisey. 


n. Subgen. 14. omiopsis K, Iwats. (1964). (Type: 
Aspidium boydiae Eaton). (1 species). 

3. Meniscium Schreber (1791). (Type: Polypodium reticulatum 

L. (80 species). 

a. Sect, 1. Asterochlaena (C.Chr.) K.Iwats. (1964). 
(Type: Polypodium reptans Gmel.). (50 species). 

b. Sect. 2. Goniopteris (Presl) K.Iwats. (1964). (Type: 
Polypodium crenatum Swartz = Meniscium poiteanum 
(Bory) K.lwats.) (20 species). 

c. Sect. 3. Ampelopteris (Kunze) K,Iwats. (1964). (Type: 
A. elegans Kunze = Meniscium proliferum (Retz.) Sw.). 

d. Sect. 4. Meniscium, (12 species). 


25h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 


Thelypteridaceae may or may not be a natural family of 
ferns separate from the rest of the dryopteroid ferns. Perhaps it 
is still best to treat the thelypteroid ferns as a subfamily of 
the Aspidiaceae, Christensen had proposed Subfamily Dryopteridoideae 
Tribe Thelypterideae (1938) and Copeland placed the family Thely- 
pteridaceae Ching in the Aspidiaceae Copel. (1947. 
Aspidiaceae subfam, Thelypteridoideae Reed, subfam. nov. 


Basionym: Polypodiaceae subfam, Dryopteridoideae tribe Thely- 
pterideae Christensen, Manual of Pteridology, 544. 1938; 


Thelypteridaceae tribe Thelypterideae Ching, Sunyatsenia, 5: 
238. 1940; Acta Phytotax. Sinica, 8(4): 295. 1963. Type 
genus: Thelypteris Schmidel. 


Whether the Thelypteridaceae or the subfamily Thelypteridoideae 
is composed of many genera as proposed by Ching (1963), or by a few 
genera as proposed by Iwatsuki (1964-1965), or by one large genus, as 
originally proposed by Ching (1936) and as emended and enlarged by 
Morton (1963), due to the wide range of variability of venation, of 
sporangial and indusial characteristics and of frond shape, and due 
to the gradual intergradation of all segregates as more species are 
put into Thelypteris, it seems to this author best to treat Thely— 
pteris as one large genus with numerous subgenera and sections, 
Iwatsuki's treatment presents the genus in the most coherent form, 
However, I do agree with Morton (1963) and Ching (1963) that the 
Meniscium-Goniopteris—Stegnogramma-complex belongs with the Cyclo- 
sorus—complex and place them as additional subgenera or sections 
under Thelypteris. 

Thelypteris subgen. Stegnogramma (Blume) Reed, stat. nov. 
Basionym: Stegnogramma Blume, Enum, Pl. Jav., 172. 1828. (Type: 
St. aspidioides Blume). 

Thelypteris subgen. Leptogramma (J.Sm.) Reed, stat. nov. 
Basionym: Leptogramma J, Sm., Journ. Bot., 4: 51. 1841. (Type: 
Polypodium totta Willd., non Thunb, = Th. pozoi (Lagasca) Morton, 
Syn.: Thelypteris subgen. Cyclosorus sect, Leptogramma (J.Sm,) 
Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 53: 153. 1963. 

Thelypteris subgen, Dictyocline (Moore) Reed, stat. nov. 
Basionym: Dictyocline Moore, Gard. Chron., 1855: 854. 1855. 
(Type: D. griffithii Moore). 

Thelypteris subgen. Meniscium (Schreber) Reed, stat. nov. 
Basionym: Meniscium Schreber, in Linn, Gen. Pl., ed VIII, 2: 

757. 1791. (Type: Polyvodium reticulatum L.). Syn.: Thelypteris 
subgen. Cyclosorus sect. Meniscium (Schreber) Morton, Amer, Fern 
Journ., 53: 154. 1963. (80 species). 
sect. 1. Meniscium, (12 species), 
sect, 2. Asterochlaena (C.Chr,) Reed, stat, nov. Basionym: 
Dryopteris subgen, Goniopteris sect. Asterochlaena C.Chr., 
Biol. Arb. til. Bug. Warm., 84. 1911. (Type: Polypodium 
reptans Gmel., 1791). (50 species). 
sect. 3, Goniopteris (Presl) Reed, stat. nov, Basionym: 
Goniopteris Presl, Tent. Pterid., 181. 1836. (Type: 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 255 


Polypodium crenatum Swartz = Th. poiteana (Bory) Proctor), 
Syn.: Thelypteris subgen, Cyclosorus sect, Goniopteris 
(Presl) Morton, Amer, Fern Journ., 53: 15h. 1963, psp. 
(20 species). 

sect. 4, Ampelopteris (Kunze) Reed, stat. nov. Basionym: 
Ampelopteris Kunze, Bot. Zeit., 6: 114. 1848. (Type: 
A. elegans Kunze). (1 species). 


Most of the fossil species which belong in Thelypteris have 


been described in the genera Aspidium, Goniopteris, Phegopteris 
Lastrea (Lastraea),Cyclosorus or Dryopteris. The most comprehen= 


sive pa papers dealing with fossil ferns of this complex are those by 
Alex. Braun (Ueber Fossile Goniopteris-Arten, Zeitschr. Geol. Ges., 
A: 553-556, 1852) and Ettinghausen (Die Farnkriuter der Jetztwelt, 
160-203, illus, 1865). The species are mainly based on venation 
of fragments of pinnae, Many have proven to belong to other genera. 
Howéver, there are some which have sporangia or/and indusia which 
prove their affinity to Thelypteris, for which reason they are 
transferred into Thetypteris here. 


THELYPTERIS Schmidel 


Thelypteris Schmidel, Icon, Pl., ed. J.C.Keller, 45, t. ll, 13. 
Oct. 1763; Schott, Gen. Gil., ad t. 10. 1834; emend. H. It, 
in Nakai et Honda, Nova Flora Japonica, Polypodiaceae, Dryo- 
pteroideae, I: 123, 1939; Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 52(4): 
153-154. 1963; Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot., 6: 250. 
1936; Holttum, Taxon, 17(3): 330. 1968, gen. conserv. propos.; 
non Thelypteris Adanson, Fam, des Plantes, 2: 20. July—Aug. 
1763 = Pteris). Type: Polypodium thelypteris L. = Thelypteris 
palustris Schott. . 


Meniscium Schreber in L. Gen. Pl., ed. 8, II: 757. 1791. Type: 
Polypodium reticulatum L. = Thelypteris reticulata (L.) 
Proctor. 

Lastrea Bory, Dict. Class, Hist, Nat., 6: 588, 1824. Type: Poly- 
podium oreopteris Ehrh, = Thelypteris limbosperma (Al1.) 
Fuchs, 

Stegnogramma Blume, Enum, Pl. Jav., 172. 1828. Type: Stegnogram 
Ma aspidioides Blume « Thelypteris aspidioides (willd.) Tryon. 

Cyclosorus Link, Hort, Berol., 2: 128. 1833. Type: Aspidium gog- 
gilodus Schkuhr = Thelypteris totta (Thunb.) Schelpe. 


256 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 


Goniopteris Presl, Tent, Pterid., 181. 1836. Type: Polypodium 
viviparum Raddi = Thelypteris vivipara (Raddi) Reed. 

Sphaerostephanos J, Smith in Hook. et Bauer, Gen, Fil., 21. 

1839, Type: Sphaerostephanos asplenioides J, Smith = Thely- 
pteris polycarpa (Blume) K, Iwats. 

Mesochlaena R, Brown ex J. Smith, Journ, Bot., 3: 18 1840. 

Type: Sphaerostephanos asplenioides J. Smith = Thelypteris 
polycarpa (Blume) K, Iwats. 

Leptogramma J, Smith, Journ. Bot., 4: 51. 1841. Type: Pol ~ 
ium tottum Willd., non Thunb, = Thelypteris pozoi (Lagasca 
Morton, 

Amauropelta Kunze, Farnkr., 1: 8&6. 1843. Type: Amauropelta 
breutelii Kunze = Thelypteris limbata (Swartz) Proctor. 

Abacopteris Fee, Congr. Sci. France, X, 1: 178. 1843. Type: 
Aspidium lineatum Blume = Thelypteris lineata (Blume) K,Iwats. 

Ampelopteris Kunze, Bot. Zeit., 6: 114. 1848. Type: elo- 
pteris elegans Kunze = Thelypteris prolifera ee Reed. 

Glaphyropteris Presl, Abh. Bohm, Ges. Wiss., V, 5: 344. 1848. 
Type: Polypodium decussatum L. = Thelypteris decussata (L.) 
Proctor. 

Haplodictyum Presl, Epim. Bot., 50. 1849. Type: Haplodictyum 
heterophyllum Presl = Thelypteris heterophylla (Presl) K.Iwats. 

Pronephrium Presl, Epim. Bot., 258. 1849. Type: Aspidium line- 
atum Blume = Thelypteris lineata (Blume) K,Iwats. 

Phegopteris (Presl) Fée, Gen. Fil., 242. 1852. e: Phegopteris 
polypodioides Fée = Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Slossen ex 
Rydb, | 

Oochlamys Fee, Gen. Fil., 297. 1852, Type: Oochlamys revoirei 
Fée = Thelypteris opposita (Vahl) Ching. 

Hemestheum Newman, Phytologist, 4: app. XXII. 1851. Type: Poly- 
podium thelypteris L, = Thelypteris palustris Schott, 

Dictyocline Moore, Gard. Chron., 1855: 854. 1855. Type: Dictyo- 
cline griffithii Moore = Thelypteris griffithii (Moore) Reed. 

Pneumatopteris Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 47: 179. 1933. Type: 
Aspidium callosum Blume = Thelypteris callosa (Blume) K.Iwats. 

Steiropteris (C.Chr.) C.Chr. in Verdoorn, Man. Pterid., 544. 
1938. Type: Polypodium deltoideum Swartz = Thelypteris del-~ 
toidea (Swartz) Proctor. 


Cyclogramma Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 7: 53. 1938. Type: 
Thelypteris similans Ching = Thelypteris auriculata (J.Smith) 
K. Iwats. 


Menisorus Alston, Bol. Soc. Brot., 30: 20. 1956. Type: Meniscium 
pauciflorum Hook. = Thelypteris pauciflora (Hook. ) Reed. 

Dimorphopteris Tagawa et K, Iwats. ex K. Iwats., Acta Phytotax, 
Geobot., 19: 8. 1961. Type: Dimorphopteris moniliformis Tagawa 
et K. Iwats. = Thelypteris moniliformis (Tagawa et K. Iwats.) 
K, Iwats. 

Parathelypteris (H.Ito) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sinica, 8: 300. 
1963. Type: Aspidium glanduligerum Kunze * Thelypteris glandu- 
ligera (Kunze) Ching. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 257 


Metathelypteris (H.Ito) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sinica, 8: 305. 
1963. Type: Aspidium gracilescens Blume = Thelypteris 
gracilescens (Blume) Ching. 

Macrothelypteris (H.It6) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sinica, 8: 308. 
1963, Type: Nephrodium oligophlebium Baker = Thelypteris 
torresiana (Gaudich,) Alston. 

Pseudophegopteris Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sinica, 8: 313. 1963. 
Type: Polypodium pyrrhorhachis Kunze = Thelypteris paludosa 
(Blume) K.Iwats. 

Glaphyropteridopsis Ching, Acta Phytotax, Sinica, 8: 320. 1963. 
Type: Polypodium erubescens Wall. ex Hook. = Thelypteris 
erubescens (Wall. ex Hook.) Ching. 

Pseudocyclosorus Ching, Acta Phytotax, Sinica, 8: 322, 1963. 
Type: Aspidium xylodes Kunze = Thelypteris xylodes (Kunze) 
Ching. 

Mesoneuron Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sinica, 8: 325. 1963, Type: 
Aspidium crassifolium Blume = Thelypteris crassifolia (Blume) 
Ching. 

Anisocampium Presl, Epim, Bot., 58. 1849. Type: Anisocampium 
cumingianum Presl = Thelypteris aristata (Fee) Reed. 


Thelypteris abbiattii Reed, nom. nov, Basionym: Goniopteris bur- 
kartii Abbiatti, Darwiniana, 13(2-4): 556, f. 6, pl. he 196k. 
Argentina, 

Th. abbottiana (Maxon) Ching, Fan Mem, Inst. Biol. Bull,,10: 250. 
1941. Basionym: Dryopteris abbottiana Maxon, Journ. Wash. 

Acad. Sci., 14: 89. 1924. Hispaniola. 

Th. abortiva (Blume) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Aspidium abor~ 
tivum Blume, Enum, Pl. Jav., 154. 1828, Malesia. 

Th, abrupta (Desv.) Proctor, Rhodora, 61: 305. (1959) 1960. Basio- 
nym: Polypodium abruptum Desv., Prodr., 239. 1827. West Indies- 
Brazil. 

Th. acanthocarpa (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
acanthocarpa Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., Bot. 6: 136, t. 17. 
1911. Borneo, 

Th, achalensis (Hieron.) Abbiatti, Darwiniana, 13(2-4): 566. 1964. 
Basionym: Aspidium achalense Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 22: 

371. 1896 (1897); Synonym: Aspidium conterminum var, oligosorum 
Griseb., Symb., 344, n. 2252, partim. 1879, non Aspidium oligo- 
sorum (Willd.) Kunth, 

Th. acrostichoides (Michx.) Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Nat., 2: 277. 1912. 
Basionym: Nephrodium acrostichoides Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer., 2: 
267. 1803. = Polystichum. 

Th, acuminata (Panz. in Christm. et Panz.) Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 
48: 139. (1958) 1959. Basionym: Polypodium acuminatum Panz. in 
Christm. et Panz., Nat. Hist., 14: 181, t. XCIX, f. 2. 1783, Syn- 
onym: Polypodium sophoroides Thunb., Trans. Linn. Soc., 2: 341. 
1794; Aspidium oshimense Christ, Bull. Boiss., II, 1: 1018. 1901; 


258 P Bee TOL OG irk Vol. 17, no. § 


Dryopteris ogatana Koidz., Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 39: 10. 1925; Cyclo- 
sorus yamawakii H. Ito, Journ, Jap. Bot., 27: 340. 1952. 

Thelypteris acuminata forma cristata (Tagawa) Reed, comb. nov. Basio- 
nym: Dryopteris acuminata forma cristata Tagawa, Acta Phytotax, 
Geobot., 1: 189, 1932. Japan (Honshu, Kyushu), 

Th. acuminata var. kuliangensis (Ching) K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax. 
Geobot., 21: 40. 1964. Basionym: Cyclosorus acuminatus var. 
kuliangensis Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., 8: 192. 1932. 
China(Fukien), Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu), Taiwan, 

Th. acuminata var. ogatana (Koidz.) K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax, Geo- 
bot., 21: 40. 1964. Basionym: Dryopteris ogatana Koidz., Bot. 
Mag. Tokyo, 39: 10. 1925. Japan (Honshu). 

Th, acuminata forma pilosa (H.Ito) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: 
Cyclosorus acuminatus forma pilosus H. Ito, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 

SEG Ae RM Bois 

Th. adenophora (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris ade- 
nophora C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 251. 1905; Nephrodium hirsutum Presl, 
Epim. Bot., 48. 1849, non N, hirsutum Don, 1825, nec Bory, 1828. 
Luzon, Celebes, 

Th, adenostegia (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
adenostegia Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 220. 1942. New 
Guinea. 

Th. adscendens Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., 6: 332. 1936. 
China (Kwangtung, Kwangsi). 

Th, adnascens (Ching) Ching sensu Shimizu-H,, Trans, Nat. Hist. 
Soc. Formosa, 28: 238, f. 1. 1938. Basionym: Dryopteris adnas— 
cens Ching sensu Suzuki-S. et Shimizu-H,, Journ. Taihoku Soc, 
Agr. Forest., 2: 187. 1937. Taiwan, This name was published 
in this manner. 

Th, aequatorialis (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
aequatorialis Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 19: 298. 1941. 
Ecuador. 

Th. affinis (Presl ex Ett.) Morton, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb., 38(2): 
50. 1967. Basionym: Meniscium affine Presl ex Ettingsh., Denk- 
schr. Akad. Wiss. Math. Naturw. (Wien), 23: 94, t. 13, f. 3. 
1864. Synonym: Dryopteris dispar Maxon et Morton, Bull. Torr. 
Bot. Club, 65: 364. 1938. Brazil. 

Th. afra (Christ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris afra Christ, 
Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 55 (Mem. 8B): 107. 1908. Synonym: Dryo- 
pteris dewevrei Christ ex Bonap., Not. Pterid., 14: 207. 1924. 
West Trop. Africa (Guinea - Congo). 

Th. afzelii (C.Chr.) Tard. in Humbert, Fl. Madagascar, Fam. 5, 1: 
282. 1958. Basionym: Drvopteris afzelii C.Chr., Ark. f. Bot., 
14(19): 2, t. 1, f. 3. 1916. Madagascar. 

*Th, aizuensis (Suzuki) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus 
aizuensis Suzuki, Sci. Rept. Fac. Arts & Sci., Eukushima Univ., 
No. 10: 18, t. 1, f. 1-4. 1961. Miocene: Japan (Aizu Basin, 
Fukushima Pref.). 

Th, alata (L.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Polypodium alatum L., 
Sp. Pl., 2: 1086. 1753. West Indies. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 259 


Thelypteris alatella (Christ in K.Schum, et Laut. ) Reed, comb. nov. 
Basionym: Nephrodium alatellum Christ in K. Schum, et Laut., 

Fl. Deut. Stidsee, 112. 1901. New Guinea. 

Th. albidipilosa (Bonap.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
albidipilosa Bonap., Not. Pterid., 15: 9. 1924. East trop. Af- 
rica (Oubangui, Congo). 

Th. albociliata (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
albo-ciliata Copel., Journ, Arnold Arb., 10: 177. 1929. New 
Guinea. 

Th, albosetosa (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris al- 
bosetosa Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 221. 1942. New 
Guinea. 

Th, alfredii (Rosenst.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot., 10: 
250. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris alfredii Rosenst., Fedde Repert. 
22: 10. 1925. Costa Rica. 

*Th, alpina (Presl in Sternb.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Peco- 
ae alpina Presl in Sternb., Flora der Yorwelt, 2: 147, t. 

- 5. 1838; Unger, Gen. et Sp. Pl. Foss., 185. 1850. Syno— 
nym: Sores sternberzgii Ettingsh., Die Farnkr. der Jetztwelt, 
197. 1865, Carboniferous: Alpine, Stangalpe, Styria, (Aff. 

Th. concinna et Th. noveboracensis). 

Th, alta (Brause) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris alta 
Brause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 56: 86. 1920. New Guinea. 

Th. amboinensis (Willd.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium am 
boinense Willd., Sp. Pl., 5: 228. 1810. Amboina. 

Th. andina (Morton) Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 51(1): 38. 1961. 
Basionym: Dryopteris andina Morton, Journ, Wash. Acad. Sci., 

262) 528, 21.936.. Bohivial 

Th, andreana (Sodiro) Morton, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb., 38(2): 

50. 1967. Basionym: Meniscium andreanum Sodiro, Recens., 71. 
1383; Crypt. Vasc. Quit., 392. 1893. Ecuador, Santo Domingo. 
Th, aneitensis (Fourn.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium anei- 
tense Fourn., Ann, Sci, Nat., V, 18: 297. 1874. Synonym: Dryo- 
pteris lenormandii C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 274. 1905. New Caledonia, 

New Hebrides. 

Th, angulariloba Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., 6: 323. 1936. 
Synonym: Thelypteris simozawae Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 
6: 157. 1937. China (Kwangtung, Hongkong), Japan (Kyushu, Hon- 
shu, Ryukyu). 

Th, angusta (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris angusta 
Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., Bot., 9: 3. 1914. New Guinea. 

Th, angustifolia (Willd.) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica,Sci, Ser. 
No. 5: 57. 1953. Basionym: Meniscium angustifolium Willd., Sp. 
Pl., 5: 133. 1810. Tropical America, West Indies. 

Th, angustifrons (Miq.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
318. 1936. Basionym: Aspidium angustifrons Miq., Ann. Mus, 
Lugd. Bot., 3: 178. 1867. Synonyms: Athyrium cystopteroides 
var. elatius Eaton, Proc. Amer. Acad., 4: 110. 1858; Dryopteris 
miyagii H. Ito, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 49: 360. 1935; Dryopteris oki- 
nawaensis H. Ito, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 49: 360. 1935; Dryopteris _ 


260 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, mo. k 


glanduligera var, hyalostegia H. It6, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 49: 363. 
1935; Lastrea miqueliana Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 15:14. 
1953. Japan, Ryukyus, Okinawa Isl., Taiwan. 

Thelypteris angustipes (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris angustipes Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., Bot., 7: 60. 1912. 
Sarawak, 

Th. angustipinnata (C.Chr. et Tard. ex Tard.) Reed, comb. nov. Basi- 
onym: Gy@losorus angustipinnatus C.Chr. et Tard ex Tard., Dull. 
Soc. Bot. France, 87: 369, t. 3. 1941. Tonkin, 

Th, anjenabensis (Tard.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Abacopteris 
anjenabensis Tard., Adansonia, 5(4): 494, t. 2, f. 5-7. 1965. 
Madagascar, 

Th. anoptera (Kunze ex Kuhn) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium 
anopteron Kunze ex Kuhn, Linnaea, 36: 113. 1869. Brazil. 

Th. antillana Proctor, Rhodora, 63: 33-34. 1961. West Indies (St, 
Kitts, Dominica). 

Th. aoristisora (Harr. ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Pol um ao- 
ristisorum Harr., Journ, Linn. Soc., 16: 30. 1877. Philippines. 

Th. appendiculata (Blume) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Gymogramma 
appendiculata Blume, Enum. addend., 1628; Fl. Javae Fil., 92, 

t. 39. 1828, Java. 

Th, aquatilis (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris aqua- 
tilis Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot., 6: 75. 1911. New Guinea. 

Th, aquatiloides (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
aquatiloides Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot., 7: 59. 1912. Sara- 
wak, 

Th. arborescens (Humb. et Bonpl. ex Willd. in L.) Morton, Contrib. 
U. S. Nat. Herb., 38(2): 50. 1967. Basionym: Meniscium arbores— 
cens Humb, et Bonpl. ex ‘lilld. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 5: 133. 
1810, Synonym: Thelypteris mollis (Mett.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 
7. 1967. Colombia, Veneauela. 

Th. arbuscula (Willd.) K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax, Geobot., 21(5-6): 
170. 1965, Baionym: Aspidium arbusculum Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., 
ed. 4, 5: 233. 1810. India-Malesia—Polynesia, Mascarene Isls. 

Th, arcana (Maxon & Morton) Morton, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb., 
38(2): 42. 1967. Basionym: Dryopteris arcana Maxon et Morton, 
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 65: 352, t. 11. 1938. Ecuador. 

Th. archboldiae (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Lastrea arch- 
boldiae Copel., Journ. Arnold Arb., 30: 436. 1949. Fiji Isls. 
Th. archboldii (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris arsh- 

boldii C.Chr., Brittonia, 2: 297. 1937. New Guinea, Papua. 

Th. arcuata (Poir, in Lam.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Polypodium 
arcuatum Poir. in Lam., Encycl., 5: 52&. 1804. West Indies. 

Th. arfakiana (Bak. in Becc.) Reed, comb. nov. Basinym: Polypodium 
arfakianum Bak. in Becc., Malesia, 3: 45. 1886. New Guinea. 

The argentina (Hieron,) Abbiatti, Rev. Mus. La Plata, Ser. 2, Bot., 
9: 19. 1958. Basionym: Aspidium argentinum Hieron., Engl. Bot. 
Jahrb,, 22: 367. 1896 (1897). Argentina - Bolivia. 

Th. arguta (Kaulf.) Moxley, Buli. So. Calif. Acad., 19: 57. 1920. 
Basionym: Aspidium argutum Kaulf., Enum, Fil., 242. 1624. = 
Dryopteris. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 261 


Thelypteris arida (D.Don) Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 49: 113. 1959. 
Basionym: Aspidium aridum D.Don, Prodr, Fl. Nepal., 4. 1825. 
Tropics of Asia: Singapore, Mariannas (Saipan), Taiwan, Bismarck 
Archipelago, Philippine Isls, (Palawan). 

Th. aristata (Fee) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Goniopteris aristata 
Fee, Gen. Fil., 253. 1850-52. Synonym: Aspidium otarium Kunze ex 
Mett., Pheg. u. Asp., 34, n. 73. 1858; Anisocampium cumingianum 
Presl, Epim. Bot., 59. 1849, non Aspidium cumingianum Kunze, 1840. 
Assam, S. India, Ceylon. 

Th. aspera (Presl) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B, 
31(3): 192. 1965. Basionym: Goniopteris aspera Presl, Tent. 
Pterid., 183. 1836; Polypodium asperum Presl, Rel. Haenk., 1: 24. 
1825, non L., 1753. Synonyms: Dryopteris presliana Ching in 
C.Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. III: 95. 1934; Abacopteris philippi-— 
arum Fée, Congr. Sci. France, 10 Sess., 178. 1843; Dryopteris 
gymnopteridifrons Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos., 8: 146. 1919. Tropics 
of E, Asia, Taiwan. 

Th. aspidioides (Willd.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 5. 1967, Basionym: 
Ceterach aspidioides Willd, in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 5: 137. 1810. 
Trop. S. Amer. 

Th, aspidioides var. subhastata (C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: 
Dryopteris aspidioides var, subhastata C.Chr., Kgl. Dansk Vid. 
Selsk, Skr., 7: 287. 1907. Costa Rica, Columbia, Venezuela, Peru. 

Th. asplenioides (Swartz) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., 
No. 5: 57. 1953. Basionym: Polypodium asplenioides Swartz, in 
Schrad., Journ. Bot., 1600(2): 26. 1801. West Indies, 

Th, assamica (Bedd.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Nephrodium milti- 
lineatum var. assamicum Bedd., Journ. Bot., 31: 228. 1893. Assam. 

Th. assurgens (Maxon) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 5. 1967. Basionym: Dryo— 
pteris assurgens Maxon, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 34: 24. 1944. 
Peru. 

Th. asterothrix (Fee) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., No. 

5: 57. 1953. Basionym: Goniopteris asterothrix Fée, Gen. Fil., 
253. 1850-1852. Synonym: Dryopteris malacothrix Maxon, Proc. 
Biol. Soc. Wash., 43: 87. 1930. Trop. Amer. 

Th, asterothrix var. bibrachiata (Jenm.) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Ja- 
maica, Sci. Ser., No. 5: 58. 1953. Basionym: Nephrodium bibra- 
chiatum Jenm., Gard, Chron.,, III, 15: 230. 1894. West Indies. 

Th, asymetrica (Fée) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Goniopteris asymetri- 

ca Fee, Gen. Fil., 253. 1850-1852. Philippine Isls. 

Th. atasripii (Rosenst.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
atasripii Rosenst., Med, Rijks Herb., No. 31: 6. 1917. New 
Guinea, 

Th, arthrothrix (Hook.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Polypodium 
arthrothrix Hook., Sp. Fil., 5: 14. 1863. Madagascar, Mascarenes, 

Th, atrospinosa (C.Chr. ex Kjellb.et C.Chr,) Reed, comb. nov. 
Basionym: opteris atrospinosa C.Chr. ex Kjellb. et C.Chr., 
Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 66: 43. 1933. Celebes. 

Th, atrovirens (C.Chr. in Christ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris atrovirens C.Chr, in Christ, Bull. Boiss., II, 7: 263. 


262 PH TOG OG Iw Vol. 17, no. k 


1907; Vid. Selsk, Skrift., VII, 4: 316, f. 39. 1907. Synonym: 
Lastrea costaricensis Copel., Gen. Fil., 138. 1947. Central Amer. 

Thelypteris attenuata (Kuntze) Morton, Contrib. U.S, Nat. Herb., 
38(2): 35. 1967. Basionym: Dryopteris attenuata Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl., 2: 812. 1891; Aspidium attenuatum Kunze ex Mett., Pheg. 
u. Asp., 96, n. 233. 1858, non Swartz, 1801; Lastrea attenuata 
J.Smith, Journ, Bot., 3: 412. 1841 (nomen), non Brack., 1854; 
Nephrodium attenuatum Fée, Gen. Fil., 305. 1850-1852 (nomen). 
Synonym: Dryopteris stenobasis C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 294. 1905. 
Philippine Isls. (Samar), Celebes, 

Th, augescens (Link) Munz et Johnston, Amer. Fern Journ., 12: 75. 
1922, Basionym: Aspidium augescens.Link, Fil. Sp., 103. 1841. 
Mexico=Costa Rica, Cuba, west Indies, 

Th. augescens (var.) lindheimeri (A.Br. ex C.Chr.) R.P. St. John ex 
Small, Ferns Southeastern States, 241. 1938. Basionym: Aspidium 
lindheimeri A.Br. ex C,Chr., Danske Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 10: 
182. 1913 (pro syn.). = Thelypteris X lindheimeri Wherry. 

Th, aureo-viridis (Rosenst,) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
aureo=-viridis Rosenst., Fedde Repert., 13: 216, 1914. Taiwan. 

Th, auricutata (J.Smith) K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 19: ll. 
1961. Basionym: Phegopteris auriculata J.Smith, Hist. Fil., 
233. 1875; Polypodium auriculatum Wall. ex Hook., Sp. Fil., 

IV: 237. 1862, non L., 1753, nec Raddi, 1819, nec Presl, 1822, 
Synonyms: Polypodium appendiculatum var. squamaestipes Clarke, 
Trans,eLinns (Soe, |iis Bote; Les53kevis (795 Tel2e OSS; (B 
pteris himalayensis C.Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. III: 88. 1934; 
Thelypteris simulans Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 

: 280. 1936; Thelypteris subvill.osa Ching, Bull, Fan Mem, Inst. 
Biol., Bot. 6: 270. 1936, Taiwan, Nepal, China (Yunnan), 
Sikkim-Himalaya, Java. 

Th, auriculifera (v.A.v.R.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., 

Bot. 10: 250. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris auriculifera v.A.v.R., 
Bull, Buit., III, 5: 197. 1922. Lingga Isl., Malesia. 

Th, aurita (Hook.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 

266. 1936, Basionym: Gymnogramma aurita Hook., Icon, Pl., t. 
97. 1854. Sikkim-Tonkin, 

Th, austera (Brause) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: opteris aus— 
tera Brause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 56: 108. 1920. New Guinea. 

Th, austro~philippina (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris austro-philippina Copel., Philip. Journ, Sci., 40: 300. 
1929. Philippine Isls, (Mindanao). 

Th. badia (v.A.v.R.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
250. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris badia v.A.v.R., Bull. Jard. 
Bot, Buit., II, nr. XVI: 9. 1914. Synonym: Dryopteris linearis 
Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 12C: 56. 1917. Sumatra, Borneo. 

Th, bakeri (Harr,) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Nephrodium bakeri 
Harr., Journ, Linn. Soc., 16: 29. 1877. Philippine Isls. (Panay). 

Th, balansae (Ching) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus balan- 
sae Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 8: 200. 1938, Tonkin, 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 263 


Thelypteris balbisii (Spreng.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol. 
Bot., 10: 250. 1941. Basionym: Polypodium balbisii Spreng., 
Nova Acta Caes. Leop. Carol., 10: 228. 1621. Synonyms: Aspidium 
sprengelii Kaulf., Flora, 1823(1): 365. 1823; Nephrodium sher- 
ringii Jenm., Journ. Bot., 17: 261. 1879. West Indies (Cuba, 
Jamaica, Haiti, Puerto Rico); Guatemala,Nicaragua, C.R., Venezuela, 

Th, banaensis Tard. et C.Chr., Not. Syst. (Paris), 7: 66. 1938. 
Annan. 

Th, bangii (C.Chr.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 5. 1967. Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris bangii C.Chr., Danske Vid. Selsk. Shrift., VII, 4: 333, 
f. 52 II. 1907; l.c., VII, 10: 190. 1913. S. Amer. (Bolivia, 

S. Brazil). 

Th, baramensis (C.Chr. ex C.Chr. et Holtt.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. 
Inst. Biol. Bot., 6: 287. 1936. Basionym: Dryopteris baramensis 
C.Chr. ex C.Chr. et Holtt., Gardens Bull. Straits Settlements, 
7: 246, 1934. 

Th, bartlettii (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris bart- 
lettii Copel., Univ. Calif, Publ. Bot., ly: 374, t. 58. 19296 
Sumatra, 

Th, batacorum (Rosenst.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
batacorum Rosenst., Fedde Repert., 13: 217. 1914. Sumatra. 

Th. batjanensis (Rosenst.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
batjanensis Rosenst., Med. Rijks Herb., No. 31: 5. 1917. Batjan 
Sit 

Th. beccariana (Ces.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Nephrodium bec— 
carianum Ces., Atti Ac. Napoli, 7(8): 23. 1876. Borneo, 

Th. beddomei (Bak. in Hook. et Bak.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst, 
Biol, Bot., 6: 308. 1936. Basionym: Nephrodium beddomei Bak. 
in Hook, et Bak., Syn. Fil., 267, 1867. S. India, Ceylon, 
Malaysia, Taiwan, Philippine Isls., Java. 

Th, belensis (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
belensis Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 220. 1942. 

New Guinea. 

Th. benguetensis (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Cyclosorus 
benguetensis Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 81: 28. 1952. Philip— 
pine Isls, (Luzon). 

Th, bergiana (Schlechtend.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol. Bot., 
10: 251. 1941. Basionym:_Polypodium bergianum Schlechtend., 
Adumbr., 20, t. 9. 1825. Synonyms: Aspidium maranguense Hieron., 
Engl, Pfl.-fam. Ost. Afr., C: 85. 1895; Dryopteris palmii C.Chr., 
Ark, f. Bot., 14: 1, t. 2, f. 6. 1916; Nephrodium sewellii Bak., 
Journ, Linn, Soc., 15: 418, 1876; Nephrodium anateinophlebium 
Bak., Journ. Linn. Soc., 16: 202. 1877. S. Africa, Madagascar, 

Th, berroi (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: opteris berroi 
C.Chr., Kgl. Danske Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 10(2): bes of202h, 
1912. Synonym: Cyclosorus berroi (C.Chr.) Abbiatti, Darwiniana, 
13(2-4): 567. 1964. Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina. 

Th, biaurita (Bedd.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Nephrodium bi- 
auritum Bedd., Handb, Suppl., 68. 1892. Assam, 


26h, PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 


Thelypteris bicolor (Bonap.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
bicolor Bonap,, Notes Pterid., 14: 204. 1924. Gabon, 

Th, biformata (Rosenst.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 5. 1967, Basionym: 
Dryopteris biformata Rosenst., Fedde Repert., 7: 300. 1909. Peru, 

Th. biolleyi (Christ in Pittier) Proctcr, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. 
Ser., No. 5: 58. 1953. Basionym: Aspidium biolleyi Christ in 
Pittier, Prim. Fl. Costaric., 3: 31. 1901. Costa Rica~Panama, 
Jamaica, 

Th, bipinnata (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris bi- 
pinnata Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot., 9: 2. 1914. New Guinea. 

Th, blanda (Fée) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Phegopteris blanda 
Fée, 8 Mem., 91. 1857, Mexico- Costa Rica. 

Th, blastophora (Alston) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Cyclosorus 
blastophorus Alston, Bol. Soc. Broter., Ser. II, 30: 12. 1956, 
S. Nigeria. 

Th. boholensis (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus bo- 
holensis Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 81: 31, t. 23. 1952. Philip 
pine Isls. (Bohol). 

Th, boliviensis (Morton) Morton, Amer, Pern Journ., 51: 38. 1961. 
Basionym: Dryopteris boliviensis Morton, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 
28: 527. 1938. Bolivia. 

Th. bonapartii (Rosenst.) Alston, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 48(7): 
233. 1958, Basionym: Dryopteris bonapartii Rosenst., Fedde Re- 
pert., 7: 303. 1909, Ecuador, Colombia, 

Th, boninensis (Kodama ex Koidz,) K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 
21: 41. 1964. Basionym: Dryopteris boninensis Kodama ex Koidz., 
Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 38: 109. 1924. Bonin Isls, 

Th, boottii (Tuckerm,) Nieuwl., Amer, Midl, Nat., 1: 226, 1910. 
Basionym: Aspidium boottii Tuckerm., Hovey's Mag. Hort., 9: 145. 
1843, = X Dryopteris boottii. 

Th, boqueronensis (Hieron.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 5. 1967. Basionym: 
Dryopteris boqueronensis Hieron., Hedwigia, 46: 329. 1907. 
Colombia, 

Th, bordenii (Christ) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris borde- 
nii Christ, Philip. Journ. Sci, Bot., 2: 204. 1917. Philippines. 

Th, borneensis (Hook,) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Polypodium bor~ 
neense Hook., Sp. Fil., 5: 11. 1863, Synonym: Dryopteris labu- 
anensis C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 273. 1905. Borneo, 

Th, boydiae (Eaton) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B, 
31(1): 36. 1964. Basionym: Aspidium boydiae Zaton, Bull, Torr, 
Bot. Club, 6: 361. 1879. Hawaii. 

Th. brachyodus (Kunze) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol. Bot., 6: 
286 (err. "brachyodon"). 1936. Basionym: Polypodium brachyodus 
Kunze, Linnaea, 9: 48. 1834. West Indies, Costa Rica - Peru, 
Galapagos, Malesia. 

Th. brachypoda (Bak. in Im Thurm) Morton, Fieldiana, Bot., 28: 10— 
ll. 1951. Basionym: Nephrodium brachypodum Bak, in Im Thurn, 
Timehri, 5: 213, 1886; Bak., Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot., 2: 290. 
1887, Venezuela, Mt. Roraima. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 265 


Thelypteris brackenridgei (Mett. ) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: 
Aspidium brackenridgei Mett., Ann, Sci, Nat., IV, 15: 75. 1861. 
Polynesia, Bismarck Archipelago - Tahiti. 

Th. bradei (Christ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris bradei 
Christ, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, II, 1: 225. 1909. Costa Rica. 

Th. brasiliensis (C.Chr.) Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 51: 38. 1961. 
Basionym: Dryopteris decussata var. brasiliensis C.Chr., Danske 
Wid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 10: 161. 1913. Brazil. 

Th. brassii (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris brassii 
C.Chr., Brittonia, 2: 295. 1937. New Guinea (Papua). 

Th, brausei (Hieron, ) Alston, Journ, Wash, Acad. Sci., 48(7): 233. 
1958, Basionym: Dryopteris brausei Hieron., Hedwigia, 46: 337, 
t. 6, f. 11. 1907. Ecuador, Colombia. 

Th, brittonae (Slosson ex Maxon in Britt.) Reed, comb. nov. Basio=- 
nym: Dryopteris brittonae Slosson ex Maxon in Britt., Pterid. 
Porto Rico, 475. 1926, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, 

*Th. brongniartii (Ett.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium 
brongniartii Ett., Die Farnkr. der Jetztwelt, 200. 1865. Syno- 
nyms: Pecopteris unita Brongn., Hist. Veg. Foss., 1: 342, t. 116, 
f. 1-5. 1828; Cyatheites unitus Geinitz, Verstein. der Stein- 
kohl. in Sachsen, 25, t. 29, f. 4-5. 1855. Upper Carboniferous: 
Germany (Saarbriick, Gaislauter, Wettenau, Oberhohndorf), France 
(Alias, St. Etienne) Aff. Th. unita,. 

Th. brooksii (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris brook- 
sii Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot., 3: 345. 1909. Borneo. 

Th. brunnea (Wall. ex C.Chr.) Ching, Bull. Fan Men, Inst. Biol., 

6: 269. 1936, Basionym: Dryopteris brunnea Wall. ex C.Chr., 
Ind. Fil., 255. 1905; Polypodium brunneum Wall., nomen nud.; 
Phegopteris brunnea J.Smith, Hist. Fil., 233 (brunea). 1875 
(nomen), = Th, paludosa. 

Th. brunnea var. glabrata (Clarke) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. 
Biol., 6: 271. 1936. Basionym: Polypodium distans var. glabrata 
Clarke, Thans. Linn. Soc., II. Bot., 1: 544. 1880. 

Th, brunnea var. hirtirachis (C.Chr.) Ching, 3ull. Fan Mem, Inst. 
Biol., 6: 271. 1936. Basionym: Dryopteris hirtirachis C.Chr., 
Ind. Fil.,Suppl. II: 15. (1916) 1917. = Th. paludosa, 

Th. brunnea var, pallida Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 

ll: 62. 1941. 

Th. brunnescens (C.Chr. ex Kjellb. et C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov. 
Basionym: Dryopteris brunnescens C,Chr. ex Kjellb. et C.Chr., 
Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 66: 44. 1933. Celebes. 

Th, bukoensis (Tagawa) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
272, 1936. Basionym: Dryopteris bukoensis Tagawa, Acta Phyto- 
tax, Geobot., 1: 89. 1932. Japan (Honshu). 

Th. bunnemeyeri Reed, nom. nov. Basionym: Leptogramma celebica 
Ching, Sinensia, 7: 99, t. 5. 1936. Celebes. 

Th, burkartii Abbiatti, Darwiniana, 13(2-4): 550-551, f. 4, pl. 2. 
1964. Argentina. 

Th, burmanica (Ching) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus 
burmanicus Ching, Bull, Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 8: 205. 

1938, Burma, 


266 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 


Thelypteris cabrerae (Weatherby)Abbiatti, Rev. Mus. La Plata, Ser, 
II, Bot. 9: 19. 1958. Basionym: Dryopteris cabrerae ‘ieatherby, 
Bol. Soc, Argent. Bot., 3: 31, f. 1-5. 1949. Argentina. 
Th, calcarata (Blume) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, Biol, Bot., 6: 
288. 1936. Basionym: Aspidium calcaratum Blume, Enum, Pl. Jav., 
159, 1828, Oriental tropics: S. China — India - Java - Malesia - 
Samoa. 
Th. callensii (Alston) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus cal- 
lensii Alston, Bol, Soc, Broter., Ser. II, 30: 13. 1956, Congo. 
Th, callosa (Blume) K.Iwats,, Mem, Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, Ser.B, 
31(1): 34. 1964. Basionym: Aspidium callosum Blume, Enum, Pl. 
Jav., 152. 1828, Java, Sumatra. 
Th. calva (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris calva 
Copel., Leaflets Philip. Bot., 3: 808. 1910. Mindanao, 
Th. calvata Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Ser II, 1: 313. 
1949. China (Kwangtung). 
Th, calvescens (Ching) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Cyclosorus cal- 
vescens Ching, Bull, Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 8: 225. 1938. 
China (Kweichow), Tonkin, 
Th. cana (J.Smith) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 291. 
1936. Basionym: Lastrea cana J. Smith, Cat, Cult. Ferns, 57. 
1857. Sikkim, 
Th. canadasii (Sod.) Alston, Journ, Wash. Acad, Sci., 48(7): 23h. 
1958. Basionym: Nephrodium canadasii Sodiro, Rec., 48. 1883; 
Crypt. Vasc. Quit., 236, 1&93, Ecuador. 
Th. canescens (Blume) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, 
Ser, B, 31(1): 34. 1964, Basionym: Polypodium canescens Blume, 
Enum, Pl. Jav., 133. 1828, Java, Celebes, Philippine Isls.,Fiji. 

Th, canlaonensis (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
canlaonensis Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 40: 300. 1929. Philip— 
pine Isls. (Negros). 

Th, caribaea (Jenm.) Morton, Amer. Fern Journ,, 53: 65. 1963. Basi- 
onym: Nephrodium caribeum Jenm,, Journ, Bot., Brit. & For., 2h: 
270. 1886, Jamaica, 

Th, castanea (Tagawa) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., 6: 315. 
1936, Basionym: Dryopteris castanea Tagawa, Acta Phytotax., Geo- 
bot., 4: 132, 1935. N. Taiwan. 

Th, cataractorum (Wagner & Grether) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: 
Cyclosorus cataractorum Wagner & Grether, Univ. Calif, Publ. 
Bot., 23: 50, t. 16. 1948, Ins, Admiralty. 

Th, caucaensis (Hieron,) Alston, Journ, Wasi. Acad. Sci., 48(7): 
233. 1958. Basionym: Nephrodium caucaense Hieron., Engl. Bot. 
Jahrb., 34: 444. 1904. Costa Rica = Colombia - Bolivia. 

Th, caudata (Ching) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Leptogramma cau- 
data Ching, Sinensia, 7: 98, vu. 4. 1936. China (Fukien), Taiwan. 

Th, caudiculata (Sieber in Kunze) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: 
Aspidium caudiculatum Sieber in Kunze, Linnaea, 24: 28. 1850. 
Comores, Mauritius. 

Th. caudipinna Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., 6: 288. 1936. 
China (Hainan). 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 267 


Thelypteris cavatensis (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Las- 
trea cavitensis Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 81: 26. 1952. 

Luzon, 

Th. celebica (Baker) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Acrostichum cele- 
bicum Baker, Kew Bull. , 1901: 145. 1901. Celebes, 

‘ihe “cesatiana (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris cesa— 
tiana C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 257. 1905. Synonym: Meniscium beccari- 
anum anum Ces., Rend. Acad. Napoli, 16: 27, 30. 1877, non Nephrodium 
beccarianum Ces., 1876. New Guinea, Fiji. 

Th. chaerophylloides (Poir, in Lam.) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, 
Sci. Ser., No. 5: 58. 1953. Basionym: Polypodium chaerophyl- 
loides Poir. in Lam., Encycl., 5: 542. 1804. West Indies, 

Ti. ~chamaeotaria (Christ) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
chamaeotaria Christ, Philip. Journ. Sci., Bot. 2: 203. 1907. 
Malesia — Polynesia 

Th. chaseana Schelpe, Journ. S. Afr. Bot., 31(4): 263, f. 1 e-f. 
Oct. 1965, Africa (Southwest, Rhodesia, Malawi, Zambia, Tan- 
zania, Angola). 

Th. cheilanthoides (Kunze) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., 
No. 5: 58 1953. Basionym: Aspidium cheilanthoides Kunze, Lin~ 
naea, 22: 578 1849. Brazil, Trop. Amer. 

Th. cheilanthoides var. resinofoetida (Hook.) Proctor, Bull. Inst. 
Jamaica, Sci, Ser., No. 5: 58. 1953. Basionym: Nephrodium re—- 
sinofoetidum Hook., Sp. Fil., 4: 105. 1862. Jamaica. 

Th, chinensis Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., 6: 311. 1936. 
China (Anwhei). 

Th, chlamydophora (Rosenst.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., 

6: 287. 1936. Basionym: Dryopteris chlamydophora Rosenst., 
Med, Rijks Herb. Leiden, 31: 5. 1917. Malaya, Borneo, prob. 
Sumatra. 

Th, christensenii (Christ) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
christensenii Christ, Bull. Boiss., II, 7: 263. 1907; C.Chr., 
Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 4: 322, f. 46. 1907. Costa Rica —Panama, 

Th, christii (C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
christii C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 257. 1905. Synonym: Meniscium opa- 

cum Bak., Journ, Bot., 1877: 166, 1877. Ecuador. 

Th. chrysoloba (Kaulf, ex Link) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., 
Bot. 10: 251. 1941. Basionym: Aspidium chrysolobum Kaulf. ex 
Link, Hort. Berol., 2: 117. 1833. Brazil, Colombia. 

Th. chrysodioides (Fée) Morton, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb., 38(2): 
bi 1967. Basionym: Meniscium chrysodioides Fée, Gen. Fil., 
225. 1852. S. Amer. 

Th, chrysodioides var, goyazensis (Maxon & Morton) Morton, Contrib, 
U. S. Nat. Herb., 38(2): 51. 1967. Basionym: Dryopteris chryso~ 
diocides var. goyazensis Maxon & Morton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 
65: 374. 1938 Brazil. 

Th, chunii Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 284. 1936. 
China (Kwangtung, Kweichow). 

Th. ciliata (Wall. ex Benth.) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., 
Bot. 6: 289, 1936. Basionym: Aspidium ciliatum Wall. ex Benth., 


268 PMT OLD mG Pak Vol. 17, no. k 


Fl, Hongkong, 455. 1861, Synonym: Dryopteris pseudocalcarata 
C,Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. III: 95. 1934. Hongkong, Nepal S to 
Malaya. 

*Thelypteris claiborniana (Berry) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Gonio- 
pteris claiborniana Berry, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 44: 331, t. 22, 
1917. Eocene: Louisiana, Mississippi. 

Th. clarkei (Bedd.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Pleocnemia clarkei 
Bedd., Ferns Brit. India, Suppl., 15, t. 368. 1276, Synonym: Ne- 
phrodium artinexum Clarke, Trans. Linn. Soc., II. Bot., 1: 536. 
1880. Sikkim. 

Th. clintoniana (D.C.Eaton) House, New York State Mus. Bull., 233- 
23k: 69. 1922. Basionym: Aspidium cristatum var. clintonianum 
D.C.Eaton in A. Gray, Manual, 5th ed.: 665. 1867. = Dryopteris. 

Th. clemensiae (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris cle- 
mensiae Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 46: 213. 1931. Luzon. 

Th. clypeolutana (Desv.) Proctor, Rhodora, 61: 306. (1959) 1960. 
Basionym: Nephrodium clypeolutanum Desv., Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris, 
6: 258, 1827. Endemic to Lesser Antilles, 

Th.coalescens (Baker) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Polypodium coa— 
lescens Baker, Journ. Bot., 1877: 161. 1877. Ecuador, 

Th. coarctata (Kunze) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 5. 1967. Basionym: Aspi- 
dium coarctatum Kunze, Bot. Zeit., 1845: 287. 1845. Caracas, “= 
lombia, 

Th, columbiana (C.Chr.) Morton, Leaflets of Western Bot., 8(8): 194. 
1957. Basionym: Dryopteris columbiana C.Chr., Vid. Selsk. Skr., 
VII, 4: 279, f. 8. 1907. Colombia, Panama, Galapagos Isl. 

Th, comosa (Morton) Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 51: 38 1961. Basi- 


onym: opteris comosa Morton, Journ, Wash. Acad. Sci., 28: 
528, 1938. Peru. 

Th. compacta (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: opteris com 
pacta Copel., Philip. Journ, Sci., Bot. 6: 137, f. 18, 1911. 
Borneo. 


Th. concinna (Willd,) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
251. 1941. (Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., No. 5: 58. 
1953). Basionym: Polypodium concinnum Willd., Sp. Pl., 5: 201. 
1810, Trop. Amer., Jamaica, Cuba, Mexico = Costa Rica = Ecuador. 

Th. concinna var. elongata (Fourn,) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: 
Phegopteris elongata Fourn., Pl. Mex., 1: 87. 1872. Mexico. 

Th, conferta (Brause) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: opteris con— 
ferta Brause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 49: 22, f. 1F. 1912. New Guinea, 

Th. confluens (Thunb.) Morton, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb., 38(2): 

71. 1967. Basionym: Pteris confluens Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap., 
1800. S. Africa, Cape of Good Hope. 

Th. confusa (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris confusa 
Copel., Philip. Journ, Sci., 6C: 146. 1911. Luzon. 

Th. connexa (Kuhn ex Baker) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Nephrodium 
connexum Kuhn ex Baker, in Martius Fl. Bras., 1(2): 489. 1870. 
Synonym: opteris martini C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 276. 1905. Cayenne. 

Th, consanguinea (Fée) Procter, Rhodora, 61: 306. (1959) 1960. Basi- 
onym: Aspidium consanguineum Fée, 11© Mem, Foug., 76, t. 20, f.3. 
1866, Guadeloupe, West Indies. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 269 


Thelypteris consanguinea var, aequalis (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov. 
Basionym: Dryopteris consanguinea var, aequalis C.Chr., Smiths. 
Misc. Coll., 52: 380. 1909. Jamaica, Grenada, 

Th, consimilis (Fée ex Baker) Proctor, Rhodora, 68: 468. 1966, Basi- 
onym: Gymnogramma gracilis"  G. consimilis" Fee ex Baker, in 
Hook, & Baker, Syn. Fil., 377. 1868 (invalid). Jamaica, Guade- 
loupe. 

Th. consobrina (Maxon & Morton) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 5. 1967, Basio-~ 
nym: Dryopteris consobrina Maxon & Morton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 
65: 356, 1938. Peru. 

Th. contermina (Willd, in L.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Aspidium 
conterminum Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 5: 249. 1810. Trop.Amer. 

Th. conterminoides (C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
conterminoides C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 258. 1905. Synonym: Nephro~ 
dium simulans Baker, Journ. Bot., 1890: 106. 1890. New Guinea. 

Th, contigua (Rosenst..) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: opteris con- 
tigua Rosenst., Med. Rijks. Herb. Leiden, No. 31: 8. 1917. Bor- 
neo, Malaya. 

Th. contingens Ching, in herb.; pro syn., in Ching, Acta Phytotax. 
Sinica, 8: 310. 1963. (Macrothelypteris contingens Ching, 1963). 

Th. cooleyi Proctor, Rhodora, 68: 468-469. 1966, St. Vincent. 

Th, copelandii Reed, nom, nov, Basionym: Cyclosorus dimorphus Copel., 
Philip. Journ. Sci., 83: 99, t. 5. 1954. Luzon. 

Th. cordata (Fée) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., No. 5: 
59. 1953. Basionym: Phegopteris cordata Fée, Gen, Fil., 2hh. 
1850-1852. Synonym: Polypodium cubanum Baker in Hook, & Bak., 
Syn. Fil., 304. 1867. West Indies (Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica), 
Mexico, 

Th, coriacea (Brause) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
251. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris coriacea Brause, Engl. Bot. 
Jahrb., 56: 83. 1920. New Guinea, 

Th, cornuta (Maxon) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 

251. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris cornuta Maxon, Journ, Wash. 
Acad. Sci.,, 19: 245, fig. 192h. Tahiti. 

Th. costata (Brack.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Goniopteris cos- 
tata Brack., Expl. Exp., 16: 28. 1854. Society Isls. (Fiji). 
Th, costulisora (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Lastrea costu- 
lisora Copel., Gen. Fil., 138. 1947. Synonym: Dryopteris basi- 
sora Copel., Philip. Journ, Sci., 6: 73. 1911, non D. basisora 

Christ, 1909. New Guinea, 

Th. crassa (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: opteris crassa 
Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 220. 1942. New Guinea. 

Th, crassifolia (Blume) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
285. 1936, Basionym: Aspidium crassifolium Blume, Enum, Pl. Jav. 
158. 1828. W. Malaysia - Malaya - Burma, Philippine Isls. 

Th. crassifolia var. motleyana (Hook.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. 
Biol., Bot. 6: 286. 1936. Basionym: Nephrodium motleyanum 
Hook., Syn. Fil., 266. 1867, Borneo, Malacca. 

Th. crinipes (Hook.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Nephrodium crini- 
pes Hook., Sp. Fil., 4: 71. 1862. N. India, Malacca, 


270 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 


Thelypteris cristata (L.) Nieuwl,, Amer, Midl. Nat., 1: 226. 1910. 
Basionym: Polypodium cristatum L., Sp. Pl., 1090. 1753, = Dryo- 
pteris. 

Th, cristata var. clintoniana (D.C.Eaton) Weatherby, Hhodora, 21: 
177. 1919, Basionym: Aspidiur cristatum var. clintonianum D.C, 
Eaton, in A. Gray's Man., ed. 5: 665, 1867. = Dryopteria. 

Th. cruciata (Willd,) Tard., Not. Syst., 15(1): 90-91. 1954. Basi- 
onym: Aspidium cruciatum WilJd, in L., Sp, Pl., ed. 4, 5: 278. 
1810, Synonyms: Phegopteris montbrisoniana Fée, Gen, Fil., 247. 
1850-1852; Polypodium sessilifolium Hook., Sp. Fil., 4: 251. 
1862; Polypodium bojeri Hook,, Sp. Fil., 4: 20. 1862. Reunion, 
Seychelles, Maurice, 

Th, crypta (Underw. et Maxon) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Poly- 
podium cryptum Underw, et Maxon, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 29: 579, 
fig, 1902, Cuba, 


Th. cumingiana (Kunze) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Aspidium cumingi- 


anum Kunze, 1: 17, t. 19, f. 2. 1840. Panama. 

Th, cuneata (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: opteris cuneata 
C.Chr., Vid. Selsk, Skr., VII, 10: 253, f. 42. 1913, Brazil. 

Th. curta (Christ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris curta 
Christ, Bull. Boiss., II, 7: 263. 1907. Costa Rica, 

Th, cuspidata (Blume) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci.,Univ.Kyoto, Ser. 

B, 31(3): 192. 1965, Basionym: Meniscium cuspidatum Blume, 
Enum, Pl, Jav., 114. 1828, Indochina (Tonkin, Annam), Himalayas, 
Malaccas, Philippine Isls. 

Th, cyatheoides (Kaulf.) Fosberg, Occ. Papers Bishop Mus., 23(2): 
30. 1962. Basionym: Aspidium cyatheoides Kaulf., Rum, Fil., 
234. 1824. Hawaiian Isls., New Guinea, Sumatra. 

Th, cyclolepis (C.Chr. et Tard.) Tagawa, Journ. Jap. Bot., 26: 20. 
1951. Basionym: Athyrium cyclolepis C.Chr. et Tard., Bull. Mus, 
Paris, II, 6: 109, f. 3-4. 1934. Annam, 

Th. cylindrothrix (Rosenst.) K.Iwats,, Fl. Eastern Himalaya, 482. 
1966, Basionym: Dryopteris cylindrothrix Rosenst., Fedde Re~ 
pert., 12: 246. 1913, Sikkim, 

Th, cyrtccaulos (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
cyrtccaulos v.A.v.R., Bull, Buit., III, 5: 201. 1922, Sumatra, 

Th, cystopteroides (D.C.Eaton) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., 
Bot. 6: 316, 1936. Basionym: Athyrium cystopteroides D.C.Eaton, 
Proc. Amer. Acad., 4: 110. 1858. Synonym: Dryopteris abbrevi- 
atipinna Makino et Ogata, Journ. Jap. Bot., 6: 10. 1929, Japan, 
Korea, Taiwan, 

Th. debilis (Mett.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Phegopteris debi- 
lis Mett., Ann. Ludg. Bat., 1: 223, t. 6, f. 1. 1864. Amboina. 

Th, decadens (Baker) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Nephrodium deca» 
dens Baker, Journ, Bot., 1886: 183. 1886, Fiji. 

Th, decipiens (Clarke) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
335. 1936. Basionym: Nephrodium gracilescens var. decipiens 
Clarke, Trans. Linn, Soc., Il. Bot. 1(8)= 514, +. 65, £02 
1880. N. India. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 271 


Thelypteris decora (Domin) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: teris 
decora Domin, Bibl. Bot., 85: 48. 1913. Australia (Queensland). 


Th, decurrenti-alata (Hook.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: o- 
gramma decurrenti-alata Hook., Sp. Fil., 5: 142, t. 294. 1864. 
Japan, 

Th. decursive=pinnata (van Hall) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., 
Bot. 6: 275. 1936, Basionym: Polypodium decursive-pinnatum van 
Hall, Nieuwe Verhandl. Nederl. Inst., 5: 204, tab. 1836. China, 
Japan, Tonkin, Kashmir. 

Th. decursive-pinnata forma simplex (H.Ité) Reed, comb. nov. Basi- 
onym: Phegopteris decursive-pinnata forma simplex H.Ito, Nova 
Flora Jap., 1: 154. 1939. Japan. " 

Th, decursive-pinnata forma truncata (H.Ito) Reed, comb. nov, Basi- 
onym: Phegopteris decursive-pinnata forma truncata H.Itd, Nova 
Flora Jap., 1: 154. 1939. Japan. 

Th. decussata (L.) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., Noo 5: 
59. 1953. Basionym: Polypodium decussatum L., Sp. Pl., 2: 1093. 
1753. West Indies, Jamaica; Amer. trop. 

Th, decussata forma velutina (Sodiro) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: 
Polypodium velutinum Sodiro, Rec., 59. 1883; Crypt. Vasc. Quit., 
292. 1893. Costa Rica - Fr. Guiana, Ecuador, Peru. 

Th. deflexa (Presl) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 5. 1967. Basionym: Nephro- 
dium deflexum Presl, Rel. Haenk., 1: 36, t. 5, f. 2. 1825. Syno- 
nyms: Dryopteris lindi C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 275. 1905; Thely= 
pteris lindigii Gee Alston, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 48: 
233. 1958. Colombia — Peru, 

Th, degener (Christ) Reed, comb. nov. Basienym: Dryopteris canes— 
cens var, degener Christ, Philip. Journ. Sci., Bot, 2C: 199. 
1907. Philippine Isls. (Luzon). 

Th, degeneri (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus de- 
generi Copel., Journ. Arnold Arb., 30: 438. 1949, Fiji. 

Th, dejecta (Jenm,) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Nephredium dejecta 
Jenm., Gard. Chron., III, 18: 640. 1895, Demerara, Brit, Guiana. 

Th, delicatula (Fée) Procter, Rhodora, 61: 306. (19595 1960. Basi- 
enym: Phegopteris delicatula Fee, 11° Mem, Foug., 51, t. 20, 

3 Sed ba 1860. West Indies, Guadeloupe, 

Th. deltiptera (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
deltiptera Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 220. 1942. New 
Guinea, 

Th, deltoidea (Swartz) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., 

No. 5: 59. 1953; (K.Iwats., Mem, Coll, Sci., Univ. Kyote, Ser. 
B, 31(1): 31. 1964). Basionym: Polypodium deltoideum Swartz, 
Prodr., 133. 1788. West Indies, Jamaica, 

Th, demerarana (Baker) Reed, comb. nov, Basienym: Pelypedium de- 
meraranum Baker, Timehri, 5: 214. 1886, Brit. Guiana. 

Th. densa (Maxon) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 5. 1967. Basienym: Dryo= 
pteris densa Maxon, Journ, Wash. Acad. Sci., 34: 25. 1944. Peru. 

Th. densisera (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nev. (Murille, Cat, Illus, Pl. 
de Cundinamarca, 2: 105, 1966 (nomen)), Basionym: Dryopteris 
densisera C.Chr., Ind, Fil., 261. 1905. Synonym: Aspidium cos— 
tale Mett. ex Kuhn, Linnaea, 36: 111. 1869. Cesta Rica -Colembia 
- Venezuela, 


272 PHD Cat & Vol. 17, no. k 


Thelypteris dentata (Fersk.) E.St. John, Amer, Fern Jeurn., 26: 
hij. 1936, (Allen, Fl. N. Zealand, 1: 52. 1961). Basionym: Pely- 
pedium dentatum Fersk,, Fl. Aegypt.-Arab,, 185. 1775. Synonyms: 
Polypodium molle Jacq., Collect., 3: 188. 1769; Icon. Pl. Rar., 
te aio. 1793; Dryopteris mbllis (Jacq.) Hieron., Hedwigia, 46: 
348. 1907; Dryopteris oblancifolia Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geo- 
bote, 5: 190, 1936; Aspidium natalense Fee, Mem. 8: 102, 1857; 
Nephrodium hispidulum Peter, Fedde Repert,, Beih., 40: descr, 
10, t. 4, f. 1-2. 1929. Pantropical: Yemen, Arabia, Trop. Afriea 
(Ivory Coast, Oubangui, Zambesia, Mocambique), India, China, 
Thailand, Taiwan, Tonga, Palau, Galapagos Isls., Colombia, 
Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Antilles, 

Th, dentata var, buchenanii Schelpe, Journ, S. Afr. Bot., 31(4): 
265, f. ld. 1965. Mocambique, Natal, Rhodesia 

Th, dentata var, violascens (Link) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: 
Aspidium violascens Link, Hort. Bot. Berol., 2: 115, 1833. Syno- 
nym: Cyclosorus dentatus var, violascens (Link) Abbiatti, Dar 
winiana, 13(2-4): 540, 545. 1964. Argentina, Brazil. 

Th. devolvens (Baker) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Nephrodium de- 
volvens Baker, Journ. Bot., 1885: 217. 1885. Brazil. 

Th. diaphana (Brause) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
251. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris diaphana Brause, Engl. Bot. 
Jahrb., 56: 80. 1920. New Guinea, 

Th. dicarpa (Fee) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Nephrodium dicarpum 
Fee, Gen, Fil., 305. 1850-1852. Reunion, 

Th. dichrotricha (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
dichrotricha Copel., Philip. Journ, Sci., 6C: 74. 1911. New 
Guinea, 

Th, dichrotrichoides (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris dichrotrichoides v.A.v.R., Malayan Ferns Suppl. Corr., 
48. 1917. Synonyms: Dryopteris dichrotricha Copel., Philip. 
Journ, Sci., 7C: 54. 1912; Dryopteris weberi Copel., Philip. 
Journ, Sci., 38: 135. 1929. Philippine Isls. (Mindanao), 

Th, dicksonioides (Mett, ex Kuhn) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, Biol., 
Bot. 10: 251. 1941. Basionym: Phegopteris dicksonioides Mett,. 
ex Kuhn, Linnaea, 36: 118, 1869, Hawaiian Isls., Tahiti. 

Th, dicranogramma (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
dicranogramma v.A.vV.R., Bull. Buit., III, 5: 202. 1922. Sumatra, 
Malaya. 

Th, didymochlaenoides (Clarke) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem, Inst, Biol., 
Bot. 6: 325, 1936. Basionym: Nephrodium gracilescens var. didy- 
mochlaenoides Clarke, Trans, Linn. Soc. Lond., II. Bot. 1(8): 
514, t. 68, f. 2. 1880. N. India. 

Th, didymosora (Parish in Bedd,) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Ne- 

hrodium didymosorum Parish in Bedd., Ferns Brit, India, t, 200. 
1866, Tenasserin Perak, Singapore. 

Th, dilatata (Hof fm, } House, New York State Mus, Bull., 233-234: 
69. 1922, Basionym: Polypodium dilatatum Hoffm,, Deutsch. Fl., 
2: 7. 1795. = Dryopteris. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 273 


Thelypteris dilatata var. americana (Fisch, ex Kunze) House, New 
York State Mus. Bull. 233-234: 69. 1922. Basionym: Aspidium 
spinulosum var, americanum Fisch, ex Kunze, Amer, Journ. Sci., 
II, 6: 84. 1848. = Dryopteris, 

Th, diminuta (Copel,) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris dimi~ 
nuta Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 40: 298. 1929. Mindanao, 

Th, dimorpha (Brause) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris dimor- 
pha Brause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 56: 100. 1920. New Guinea, 

Th, diplazioides (Moritz ex Mett.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., 
Bot. 10: 251. 1941. Basionym: Aspidium diplazioides Moritz ex 
Mett., Pheg. u. Asp., 83, no. 200. 1858 (Abh. Senskenb, Ges. 
Frankfurt, 2: 367. 1858). Colombia, Venezuela, 

Th. diplazioides (Desv.) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., 
No. 5: 59. 1953. Basionym: Gymnogramma diplazioides Desv., Men. 
Soc, Linn, Paris, 6: 214 (diplazoides). 1827, = Th. linkiana. 

Th, dissimlans (Maxon et C.Chr. ex C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov. Basi- 
onym: Dryopteris dissimulans Maxon et C,Chr. ex C.Chr., Vid. 
Selsk. Skr., VII, 10: 215, 1913. Cuba. 

Th, distans (Hock,) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Nephrodium distans 
Hook., Sp. Fil., 4: 76 (adnota). 1862, Madagascar, Comores. 

Th. distincta (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris dis- 
tincta Copel., Univ, Calif, Publ. Bot., 18: 220. 1942. New 
Guinea, 

Th. divergens (Rosenst.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
divergens Rosenst., Fedde Repert., 13: 218. 1914. Sumatra. 

Th, diversiloba (Presl) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Nephrodium di- 
versilobum Presl, Epim, Bot., 47. 1849, Luzon, Mindanao, 

Th, diversisora (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
diversisora Copel., Occ. Papers Bishop Mus., li: 54, t. 6. 1938. 
Rapa Isl. 

Th, diversivenosa (v.A.v.R.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., 
Bot. 10: 251. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris diversivenosa v.A.v.R., 
Bull. Buit., II, No. 28: 23. 1918. Sumatra. 

Th, doodioides (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: opteris doodi- 
oides Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 60: 107, t. 11. 1936. Solomon 
Isls, 

Th. dryopteris (L.) Slosson ex Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts., 1044. 1917. 
Basionym: Polypodium dryopteris L., Sp. Pl., 1093. 1753. = 
Dryopteris linnaeana, 

Th, dryopteroidea (Brause) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Alsophila 
dryopteroidea Brause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 56: 70. 1920. Synonyms: 
Cyathea atrispora Domin, Acta Bohem., 9: 95. 1930; Dryopteris 
atrispora (Domin) C.Chr., Brittonia, 2: 296. 1937. New Guinea, 

Th, duclouxii (Christ) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
303. 1936. Basionym: Dryopteris duclouxii Christ, Bull. Acad, 
Geogr. Bot. Mans, 139, 1907. China. 

Th, dumetorum (Maxon) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 5. 1967. Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris dumetorum Maxon, Journ, Wash. Acad. Sci., 34: 26. 1944. 
Peru, 


27 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. k 


Thelypteris duplosetosa (Copel,) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Cyclo- 
sorus duplosetosus Copel., Philip. Journ, Sci., 81: 31. 1952. 
Philippine Isls. (Palawan). 

Th. dura (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris dura Copel., 
Leaflets Philip. Bot., 3: 805. 1910. Philippine Isls. (Mindanao). 

Th, ecallosa (Holtt.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus ecal- 
losus Holtt., Gard, Bull. Singapore, 11: 269. 1947. Malay Penin, 
Pahang). 

Th, echinata (Mett.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium echinatum 
Mett., Ann. Ludg. Bat., 1: 230. 1864. Malaya, New Guinea, 

Th, echinospora (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
echinospora v.A.v.R., Bull. Buit., III, 2: 149. 1920, Sumatra. 

Th, edanyoi (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Cyclosorus edan- 
oi Copel., Philip. Journ, Sci., 81: 37. 1952. Philippine Isls, 
(rane) 

Th. eggersii (Hieron.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Nephrodium eg- 
gersii Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 34: 441. 1904. Colombia. 

Th, elata (Mett. ex Kuhn) Schelpe, Journ, S. Afr. Bot., 31(4): 

265. 1965, Basionym: Aspidium elatum Mett, ex Kuhn, Fil. Afr., 
131. 1868, Synonym: Nephrodium venulosum Hook., Sp. Fil., 4: 71. 
1862, non Desv,, 1827, Mocambique, Guinea cum insulis, Fer- 
nando Po, 

Th. elegantula (Sodiro) Alston, Journ. Wash, Acad. Sci., 48(7): 
233. 1958. Basionym: Nephrodium elegantulum Sodiro, Crypt. Vasc. 
Quit., 243. 1893, Colombia, Ecuador, 

Th. elliptica (Rosenst.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
elliptica Rosenst., Med, Rijks Herb., No. 31: 6, 1917. Philip— 
pine Isls, 

Th, elmerorum (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris el- 
merorum Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 40: 295, t. 2. 1929. 
Philippine Isls, (Mindanao), 

Th. elwesii (Bak. in Hook, et Bak.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. 
Biol., Bot. 6: 308 1936, Basionym: Nephrodium elwesii Bak. 
in Hook, et Bak., Syn. Fil., 497. 1874. Sikkim. 

Th, engelii (Hieron.) Morton, Fieldiana, Bot., 28: 11. 1951. Basi- 
onym: Dryopteris engelii Hieron., Hedwigia, 46: 339, t. 6, f. 
12. 1907. Synonym: Dryopteris pittieri C.Chr., Smiths, Misc, 
Coll., 52: 393. 1909. Venezuela, Colombia. 

Th, engleriana (Brause) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
engleriana Brause, Fngl. Bot. Jahrb., 49: 19. 1912. New Guinea, 

Th. ensifer (Tagawa) K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 21: 40. 
1964. Basionym: Dryopteris ensifer Tagawa, Acta Phytotax, Geo- 
bot., 6: 89. 1937. Synonym: Dryopteris sophoroides forma ensi- 
pinna Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos., 4: 180. 1914. Taiwan. 

Th, ensiformis (C.Chr.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 6, 1967. Basionym: 
Dryopteris ensiformis C,Chr., Danske Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 
Naturv. Afd., 10(2): 269, f. 46. 1913. Costa Ries. 

Th, ensipinna (Brause) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 

10: 251. 1941, Basionym: Dryopteris ensipinna Brause, Engl. 
Bot. Jahrb., 56: 8&4. 1920. New Guinea, 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 275 


Thelypteris epaleata (C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryo— 
pteris epaleata C.Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. III: 85. 1934, Syno= 
nym: Dryopteris francii Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 14: 
357. 1929, non C,Chr., 1925. New Caledonia. 

Th, equitans (Christ) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Nephrodium equi- 
tans Christ, Bull, Boiss., II, 6: 163. 1906. Costa Rica. 

Th. erecta (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus erecta 
Copel., Philip. Journ, Sci., 81: 30, t. 22, 1952. Philippine 
Isls. (Leyte). 

Th, erubescens (Wall, ex Hook.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., 
Bot. 6: 293. 1936. Basionym: Polypodium erubescens Wall. ex 
Hook., Sp. Fil., 4: 236, 1862, Synonym: Dryopteris reflexa 
Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 2: 193. 1931. N. India, 
SW China, Malaya, Laos, Tonkin, Taiwan. 

*Th, escheri (Heer) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Aspidium escheri 
Heer, Tertirfl. der Helvetiae (Schweiz), 1: 36, t. 10, f. 2. 
1855; l.c., 3: 153, t. 144, f. 9. 1859; Ett., Die Farnkr. der 
Jetztwelt, 200. 1865. Synonym: Dryopteris escheri (Heer) LaMotte, 
Geol, Soc, Amer. Mem, 51: 151. 1952. Miocene: Switzerland (Up- 
per Rhone), Aff. Th. invisa et Th. mltilineata. 

Th, esquirolii (Christ) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
301. 1936, Basionym: Dryopteris esquirolii Christ, Bull. Acad, 
Geogr. Bot. Man, 144. 1907. S. China, N. India, Taiwan, S, Korea, 
Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Ryukyus, 

Th, esquirolii var, glabrata (Christ) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci., 
Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B, 31(3): 182. 1965, Basionym: Dryopteris 
eberhardtii var, glabrata Christ, Not. Syst., 1: 37. 1909. 
Synonym: The/yrkeris subochthodes Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. 
Biol., Bot. 6: 305, 1936. S. Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Korea 
(Isl. Quelpaert), China. 

*Th, ettinghausenii Reed, nom. nov, Basionym: Goniopteris poly= 
odioides Ett., Denkschr, K. Akad, Wiss., Math.—Naturw, Cl., 
$: 26, t. 2, f. 1-4, t. 3, f. 5. 1854. Synonyms: Lastraea 
polypodioides (Ett.) Heer, Fl. Tert Helvetiae (Schweiz), 3: 151, 
t. 144, f. 1-3, 1859; Phegopteris po dioides (Ett.) Ett., 
Die Farnkr. der Jetztwelt, 196. 1865, Eocene: Switzerland. 

Th. euchlora (Sodiro) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Polypodium 
euchlorum Sodiro, Rec., 58. 1883; Crypt. Vasc. Quit., 290. 
1893, Ecuador, 

Th, euchlora var. inaequans (C.Chr,) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: 
Dryopteris euchliora var. inaequans C.Chr., Kgl. Dansk. Vid. 
Selsk. Skr., 7: 150. 1913. Panama, Nicaragua, 

Th, eugracilis (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Lastrea eu- 
gracilis Copel., Gen. Fil., 138. 1947. Synonym: Dryopteris 
gracilis Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 40: 294. 1929. Mindanao. 

Th. euphlebia (Ching) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus eu- 
phlebius Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 8: 226, 1938. 
China (Kwangei, Kweichow), Tonkin, 

*Th, europaeae Reed, nom, nov. Basionym: Pecopteris delicatula 
Brongn., Hist. Veg. Foss., 1: 349, t. 116. 1828; Unger, Gen. 
et Sp. Pl. Foss., 181. 1€50. Synonym: Aspidium delicatulum 
(Brongn,) Ett., Die Farnkr. der Jetztwelt, 198. 1865. Upper 
Carboniferous: France (Fresnes), Germany (Saarbritck); Switzer— 
land, Aff, Th. conterminum et Th, calearata, 


276 P BPO Ore Tk Vol. 17, no. 


Thelypteris eurostotricha (Baker) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: 
Nephrodium eurostotrichum Baker, Journ, Bot,, 1880: 329, 1880, 
Madagascar, 

Th, euryphylla (Rosenst.,) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
e hylla Rosenst., Med, Rijks Herb, No. 31: 7. 1917. Sumatra. 

Th, evoluta (Bedd,) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Nephrodium eyolutum 
Bedd., Handb. Suppl., 76. 1892. N. India, 

Th, exigua (Kunze ex Mett.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Aspidi 
exiguum Kunze ex Mett., Pheg. u. Asp., 76, no, 180, 1858; a 
dictyum exiguum Fee, Gen. Fil., 309. 1850-1852 (nom, Pb eg 
Lastrea exigua J.Sm., Journ, Bot., 3: 412. 1641 (nomen), Synonym: 
Phegopteris nervosa Fée, Gen. Fil., 244. 1850-1652, Philippines, 

Th, extensa (Blume) Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 49: 113. 1959. Basi- 
onym: Aspidium extensum Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav., 156, 1828. Synonym: 
Nephrodium wakefieldii Baker, Ann, Bot., 5: 326, 1891. Trop. Asia, 
Melanesia, Micronesia, N. Australie, E. Africa (Kenya), 5. Indie, 
Ceylon, Burma-Malesia, Tonga, Java, Philippine Isls, 

Th, falcata (Liebm,) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 6. 1967. Basionym: Menis- 
cium falcatum Liebm., Dansk, Vid. Selsk. Skr., V, 1: 183. 1849. 
Synonym: ya: Dryopteris jurgensenii Maxon et Morton, Bull. Torr. Bot. 
Club, 65: 1938, Mexico, 

Th. falcatipinnula (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
falcatipinnula Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 6: 7h. 1911. New 
Guinea, 

Th, falcatula (Christ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris para- 
sitica var, falcatula Christ, Philip. Journ. Sci., 2C: 147. 

1907. Philippine Isls, (Mindanao, Palawan). 

Th. falciloba (Hook.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
298. 1936. Basionym: Lastrea falciloba Hook., Journ. Bot., 9: 
337. 1856, Himalayas, Burma, Tonkin, China. 

Th. farinosa (Brause) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris fari- 
nosa Brause, Engl. Bot, Jahrb., 56: 111. 1920, New Guinea. 

Th. fasciculata (Fourn,) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 
10: 251. 1941. Basionym: Aspidium fasciculatum Fourn., Ann. Sci. 
Nat., V, 18: 295. 1873. New Caledonia. 

Th. fatuhivensis (E.Brown in E,-et F. Brown) Ching, Bull. Fan. Mem. 
Inst, Biol., Bot. 10: 251. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris fatu- 
hivensis E.Brown in E. et F,. Brown, Bernice P. Bichop Mus, Bull., 
89: 27, f. 8. 1931. Marquesas, 

Th. feei Moxley, Bull. So, Calif. Acad. Sci., 20: 35. 1921. = Th. 
puberula, 

Th. fendleri (D.C.Eaton) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium fend- 
leri D.C.Eaton, Mem, Amer. Acad., n.s., 8: 210, 1860, Vene- 
zuela, Colombia. 

Th. ferox (Blume) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium ferox Blume, 
Enum, Pl. Jav., 153. 1828. S. Thailand, Malesia - Philippine 
Isls., Perak, ?Kumoan. 

Th. filix-mas (L.) Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Nat., 1: 226. 1910. Basi- 
onym: Polypodium filix-mas L., Sp. Pl., 1090. 1753. = Dryopteris. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 277 


Thelypteris finisterrae (Brause) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryo~ 
pteris finisterrae Brause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 49: 20. 1912. New 
Guinea. 

Th, firma (Baker ex Jenm,) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., 
No. 5: 60. 1953. Basionym: Nephrodium firmum Bak. ex Jenm., 
Journ. Bot., 1879: 260, 1879. Jamaica. 

Th. firma (Baker) K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax, Geobot., 21(5-6): 170. 
1965. Basionym: Polypodium firmilum Baker, Kew Bull., 1893: 211. 
1893, Borneo, 

*Th. fischeri (Heer) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Lastrea (Gonio— 
pteris) fischeri Heer, Fl. Tert. Helv., 1: 34, t. 9, f. 3. 1855. 
Synonyms: Cyclosorus fischeri (Heer) Kolakovskii, Akad, Nauk 
Greezinskoi SSR, Sukhum Bot. Sad, Monografii 1(1964): 23, t. 1, 
f. 1. 1964; Lastrea knightiana Newberry, U.S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 
5: 503, 1882 (1883); Aspidium goldianum Lesq., 7th Ann. Rept., 
U.S. Geol. Surv, Terr., 393. 1873 (1874); Dryopteris integra 
Knowlton, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper 155: 17, t. l, f. 5. 
1930; Dryopteris lesquereuxii Knowlton, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., 
696: 284. 1919 (1500); Dryopteris richardsoniana Knowlton, U.S. 
Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper 155: 20, t. 2, f. 3=5. 1930, Eocene: 
Oregon, Alberta, British Columbia, Colorado; Pliocene: Georgia 
in SSR; Cretaceous: Colorado. 

Th, flaccida (Blume) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 336, 
1936, Basionym: Aspidium flaccidum Blume, Enum, Pl. Jav., 161. 
1828. Malaya = India - China, Japan. 

Th. flavovirens (Rosenst.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
flavovirens Rosenst,, Fedde Repert., 10: 334. 1912, New Guinea, 

Th. flexilis (Christ) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
283. 1936, Basionym: Aspidium flexile Christ, Bull, Acad. Geogr. 
Bot. Mans, 1902: 252. 1902, China (Szechwan, Kweichow). Syno- 
nyms: Aspidium melanorhizum Christ, Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital., 1901: 
295. 1901, non Desv., 1827; Dryopteris subthelypteris C.Chr., 
Ind. Fil., 296. 1905. 

Th, forsteri Morton, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb., 38(2): 60. 1967. 
Basionym: Polypodium invisum G. Forst., Fl. Ins, Austr. Prodr., 
1786. Tahiti, Polynesia. 

Th. foxii (Christ) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris foxii 
Christ, Philip. Journ. Sci., 2C: 208. 1907; (Nephrodium foxti 
Copel., mss,.). Philippine Isls, (Luzon = Mindanao). 

Th. fragilis (Baker) Alston, Bol. Soc, Broter., 2 ser., 30: 25, 
1956, Basionym: Polypodium fragile Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc., 
16: 203. 1877, non L, Synonym: Dryopteris fragilis (Bak.) C.Chr., 
Ind. Fil., 266. 1905; Phegopteris fragilis Kuhn, v. Deck, Reis, 
Atak Bot, 66, 1879, Madagascar, (Probably should be based on 
Kuhn). 

Th, fragrans (L.) Nieuwl., Amer, Midl, Nat., 1: 226. 1910, Basio-— 
nym: Polypodium fragrans L., Sp. Pl., 1089, 1753. = Dryopteris,. 

Th, fragrans var. hookeriana Fernald, Rhodora, 25: 3. 1923. = 
Dryopteris, 


278 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 


Thelypteris francoana (Fourn,) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: As- 
pidium francoanum Fourn,, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 19: 255, 1872, 
Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Ecuador. 

Th, friesii (Brause) Schelpe, Bol. Soc, Broteriana, Ser. 2A, 41: 
216. 1967 (1968), Basionym: Dryopteris friesii Brause in Fries, 
Wiss, Ergebn, Schwed, Rhodesia-Congo Exped. 1911-12, Bot. 1: 1. 
1914. Rhodesia, 

Th. fukienensis (Ching) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus fuki- 
enensis Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 8: 209. 1938. 
China (Fukien). 

Th. fulgens (Brause) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
251. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris fulgens Prause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 
56: 89. 1920. New Guinea. 

Th. funckii (Mett. in Triana et Planch.) Alston, Journ. Wash, Acad, 
Sei., 48(7): 233. 1958. Basionym: Aspidium funckii Mett. in 
Triana et Planch., Ann, Sci. Nat., V, 2: 246. 1864, Colombia, 
Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, Costa Rica, 

Th. funestra (Kunze) Alston, Kew Bull. 1932: 309. 1932. Basionym: 
Aspidium funestrum Kunze, Linnaea, 9: 96. 1834. = Ctenitis pro- 
tensa var. funestra, 

Th. furva (Maxon) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 6. 1967. Basionym: Dryo= 
pteris furva Maxon, Journ. Wash, Acad. Sci., 34: 24. 1944. Peru. 

Th. galanderi (Hieron,) Abbiatti, Darwiniana, 13(2-4): 566. 1964. 
Basionym: Aspidium galanderi Hieron., Fngl. Bot. Jahrb., 22: 
369. 1896 (1897). Argentina. 

Th, gardneriana (Baker) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Nephrodium 
gardnerianum Baker, Fl. Bras., 1(2): 474. 1870; (Aspidium gare 
nerianum Kunze, msc.). Synonym: Dryopteris densiloba C,Chr., 
Ind. Fil., 261. 1905, Brazil. 

Th. germaniana (Fée) Proctor, Rhodora, 61: 306. (1959) 1960. Basi- 
onym: Phegopteris germaniana Fee, 11 Mem, Foug., 55, t. 13, f. 
2. 1866. West Indies, Cuba, Guadeloupe. 

Th, ghiesbreghtii (Hook. } Morton, Contrib, U.S. Nat. Herb., 38(2): 
45. 1967. Basionym: Polypodium crenatum var. ghiesbreghtii 
Hook., Sp. Fil., 5: 3. 1864. Synonym:Goniopteris mollis Fée, 
Gen. Fil., 252. 1850-1852. Mexico = Panama, 

Th, gigantea (Mett.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 6. 1967; Morton, Con- 
trib. U.S. Nat. Herb., 38(2): 51. 1967, Basionym: Menis— 
cium giganteum Mett., Fil. Lechl., 1: 19. 1856. Synonym: Dryo~ 
pteris simplicifrons C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 486. 1906. Peru. 

Th, glabra (Brack,) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
251. 1941. Basionym: Lastrea glabra Brack., Exped. Exp,, 16: 
200. 1854. Hawaii, Tahiti. 

Th. glabrata (Mett. ex Kuhn) Tard., Not. Syst., 14: 344. 1952; 

Mem, IFAN, 28: 120. 1953, Basionym: Aspidium glabratum Mett, 
ex Kuhn, Fil. Afr., 133. 1868 = Athyrium, 

Th, glabrata var. hirsuta Tard., Not. Syst., 14: 344. 1952. 

Th, glandulifera (Brack.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Gonio~ 


pteris glandulifera Brack., Expl. Exp., 16: 29. 1854. Samoan 
Isls. (Tutuila). 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 279 


Thelypteris glanduligera (Kunze) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., 
Bot, 6: 320. 1936. Basionym: Aspidium glanduligerum Kunze, Anal, 
Pterid., 44. 1837. Synonym: Dryopteris thelypteris var. koreana 
Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 45: 97. 1931. Himalayas - Japan. 

Th, glanduligera var, atripes Tard. in Lecomte's Flore Gen. de 
l'Indochine, 7(2). fasc. 8: 365. 1941. Annam, 

Th, glanduligera var. elatior (D.C.Eaton) Kurata, in Namegata et 
Kurata, Enum, Jap. Pterid., 317, 343. 1961. Basionym: Athyrium 
cystopteroides var. elatius D.C.Eaton, Proc. Amer. Acad., 4: 
110, 1858. Japan. 

Th, glanduligera var. hyalostegia (H.It6) H.Itd, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 
52: 589, 1938, Basionym: Dryopteris glanduligera var. hyalo~ 
stegia H.Itd, Bot, Mag. Tokyo, 49: 363. 1935. = Th. angustifrons, 

Th, glanduligera var. koreana (Nakai) H.It6, Nova Flora Jap., 1: 
130. 1939. Basionym: Dryopteris thelypteris var, koreana Nakai, 
Bot, Mag. Tokyo, 45: 97. 1931. Korea. 

Th. glanduligera Ching, var. typica; H.Ité, Nova Flora Jap., 1: 130. 
1939. Taiwan; Himalayas — Japan. 

Th, glandulosa (Desv.) Proctor, Rhodora, 61: 306. (1959) 1960. Basi- 
onym: Polypodium glandulosum Desv., Berl. Mag., 5: 317. 1811. 
West Indies, 

Th, glandulosolanosa (C.Chr.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 6. 1967. Basionym: 
Dryopteris glanduloso—lanosa C.Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark., 9(3): 61. 
1937. Peru. 

Th, glaucescens (Brause) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 
10: 251. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris glaucescens Brause, Engl. 
Bot. Jahrb,, 56: 85. 1920. New Guinea, 

Th, glaziovii (Christ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium gla- 
ziovii Christ, Bull. Boiss., II, 2: 633. 1902. Brazil. 

Th, globulifera (Brack,) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Lastrea glo- 
bulifera Brack,, Expl. Exp., 16: 194. 1854. Hawaii. 

Th. glutinosa (C.Chr.) Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 53: 66, 1963. 
Basionym: Dryopteris glutinosa C.Chr., Svensk Vet. Akad, Handl., 
III, 16(2): 18. 1937. Haiti. 

Th, goedenii (Rosenst.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
goedenii Rosenst,, Fedde Repert., 4: 292. 1907. S. Brazil. 

*Th, goeppertii (Ett.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Aspidium goep- 
perti Ett., Die Farnkr. der Jetztwelt, 198. 1865, Synonym: 
Aspidites decussatus Goepp., Syst. Fil. Foss., 369, t. 26, 

f. 1-2, 1836; Pecopteris decussata Goepp., Ubersicht d. foss, 
Flora Schlesiens, 215, 1844. Upper Carboniferous: Silesia. 
Aff. Th. oligocarpa et Th, mltilineata. 

Th, goggilodus (Schkuhr) Small, Ferns S.E. States, 248 cum tab., 

475. 1938. Basionym: Aspidium goggilodus Schkuhr, Krypt. Gew., 
1: 193, t. 33C. 1809, = Th. totta. 

Th. goldiana (Hook, ex Goldie) Nieuwl., Amer. Midl, Nat., 1: 226. 
1910, Basionym: Aspidium goldianum Hook, ex Goldie, Edinb. 
Philos, Journ., 6: 333. 1822, = Dryopteris. 

Th. gongylodes (Schkuhr) Small, Ferns S.E. States, 248, 475. 1938; 
Morton, Contrib, U.S. Nat. Herb., 38(2): 73. 1967; K.Iwats., 
Mem, Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B, 31(1): 31. 1964. Basio- 


280 P Bid DiOuts On Ge Dk Vol. 17, no. l 


: Aspidium gongylodes (pro err. goggilodus) Schkuhr, Krypt. 
Gew., 1: 193. 1809, = Th. totta. 

Thelypteris gracilescens (Blume) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., 
Bot. 6: 327. 1936, Basionym: Aspidium gracilescens Blume, Enum, 
Pl. Jav., 155, 1828, Synonyms: Dryopteris sublaxa Hayata, Icon. 
Fl. Formosa, 4: 183, f. 121. 1914; Dryopteris arisanensis Rosenst,, 
Hedwigia, 56: 340. 1915. S. India, Perak, Malesia, Taiwan, Philip- 
pine Isls, to Java and New Guinea, China (Yunnan), Japan (Kyushu), 

Th, gracilis (Hew,) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci, Ser., No. 5: 
60. 1953. Basionym: Gymnogramma gracilis Hew., Mag. Nat. Hist., 
II, 2: 457. 1838. West Indies, 

Th, grammitoides (Christ) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 

6: 317. 1936. Basionym: Aspidium grammitoides Christ, Bull. 
Herb, Boiss., 6: 193, 1898. Philippine Isls, (Luzon). 

Th, grantii (Copel.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
251. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris grantii Copel., Bernice P, Bis 
hop Mus, Bull., 93: 8, t. 7C. 1932. Society naa Tahiti. 

Th. granulosa (Presl) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Polypodium granu- 
losum Presl, Rel, Haenk., 1: 2h, t. 4, f. 2. 1825. Lauzon, Mmor. 

Th. gregaria (Copel. ) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Cyclosorus gre- 
Harius Copel., Journ, Arnold Arb., 24: 440. 1943. New Guinea, 

Th. gretheri (Wagner) B.C.Stone, Micronesica, 2: 3. 1966, Basionym: 
Lastneg etheri Wagner, Pacific Sci., 2(3): 214, f. 1. 1948. 
Mariana Isl. (Rota). 

Th, griffithii (Moore) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dictyocline 
griffithii Moore, Gard. Chron., 1855: 854. 1855; Ind. Fil., LIX. 
1857. Synonyms: Aspidium griffithii (Moore) Diels, Nat. Pfl.- 
fam., 1(4): 186. 1899; Stegnogramma griffithii (Moore) K.Iwats., 
Mem, Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B, Biol. 31(1): 20. 1964. 
Himalayas to Japan, Taiwan, Ponki sy Ne India, 

Th. griffithii var. wilfordii (Hook,) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: 
Hemionitis wilfordii Hook., Fil. Exot., t. 93. 1859. Synonyms: 
Dictyocline - griffithii var, wilfordii (Hook.) Moore, Ind, Fil., 
317. 1861; Dictyocline griffithii var. pinnatifida (Hook.) Bedd., 
Ferns Brit. Ind., t. 155, 1866; Dictyocline wilfordii J.Sn., 

Hist, Fil., 149. 1875, Japan. 

Th. grisea (Baker in Hook, et Bak.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst, Biol., 
Bot. 6: 331. 1936, Basionym: Nephrodium griseum Baker in Hook. 
et Bak,, Syn. Fil., 271. 1867. S. India, 

Th. grunowii (Bolle) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Aspidium grunowii 
Bolle, Bonplandia, 3: 123, 1855. Ins. Caboverdicae. 

Th, guadalupensis (Wikstr, ) ms Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., 

No. 5: 60. 1953. Basionym: Polypodium guadalupense Wikstr., 
Vet, Akad. Handl., 1825: 435. 1826, Synonym: Polypodium sco- 
lopendrioides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1585. 1763, non L., 1753. 
Guadeloupe, 

Th, gueintziana (Mett.) Schelpe, Journ. S. Afr. Bot., 31: 262. 
1965. Basionym: Aspidium gueintzianum Mett., Pheg. u. Asp., 
83, n. 201. 1858. Trop. and S. Africa, Natal, Reunion. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 281 


Thelypteris guentheri (Rosenst.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., 


Th. 


Th. 


Bot. 10: 251. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris guentheri Hosenst., 
Fedde Repert., 25: 59. 1928. Bolivia. 
guineensis (Christ in A, Cheval.) Alston, Bull. Brit. Mus. 
(Nat. Hist.), Bot. 1: 48. 1952. Basionym: Dryopteris guineensis 
Christ in A. Cheval., Journ. de Bot., 22: 22. 1909. Fr. Guinea. 
gustavii (Bedd.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Nephrodium gustavi 
Bedd., Journ. Bot., 1893: 227. 1893. India. 


Th. gymnccarpa (Copel.) Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 56(4): 179. 1966. 


Th 


The 


Th. 


Th. 


Th. 


Basionym: Dryopteris gymnocarpon Copel. in Elmer, Leaflets Phi- 
lip. Bot., 3: 807. 1910, Philippine Isls. (Mindanao). 
gymnocarpa subsp, amabilis (Tagawa) Morton, Amer, Fern Journ., 
56(4): 179. 1966, Basionym: Leptogramma amabilis Tagawa, Acta 
Phytotax. Geobot., 7: 76. 1938. Ryuksu Isls., Okinawa. 
gymnopoda (Baker) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Nephrodium gym 
nopoda Baker, Trans. Linn. Soc., II. Bot., 4: 252. 1894. Syno- 
nym: Dryopteris athyriocerpa Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot., 
3: 344. 1909. Borneo. 

haenkeana (Presl) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Nephrodium haen-~ 
keanum Presl, Epim. Bot., 46. 1849. Synonym: Nephrodium ser— 
ratum Presl, 1825, non Aspidium serratum Swartz, 1806, nec Menis— 
cium serratum Cav., 1803. Malesia - Polynesia. 

halconensis (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus 
halconensis Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 81: 29. 1952. Philip- 
pine Isls, (Mindoro), 

hallieri (Christ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium hal- 
lieri Christ, Ann. Jard. Buit., II, 5: 106. 1905. Borneo. 


Th. hamifera (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 


Th. 


Th. 


Th. 


Th. 


Th. 


The 


hamifera v.A.v.R., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit., II, No. XVI: 12. 1914. 
Sumatra. 

handroi (Brade) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris handroi 
Brade, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, 18: 24. 1962-65. Brazil. 
harcourtii (Domin) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 

10: 251. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris harcourtii Domin, Kew Bull., 
1929: 219. 1929; Mem. R. Czech. Soc. Sci., n.s., 2: 198, t. 3h, 
f. 1. 1929. Dominica, 

harrisonii (Baker) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Nephrodium 
harrisonii Baker, Ann. Bot., 5: 326 (harrisoni), 1891. Synonym: 
Nephrodium stenophyllum Baker, Journ. Bot., 1884: 363. 1884, 
non Sod, 1883. Costa Rica. 

harveyi (Mett. ex Kuhn) Proctor ex Iwats., Amer. Fern Journ., 
53: 133. 1963. Basionym: Aspidium harveyi Mett. ex Kuhn, Lin- 
naea, 36: 115, 1869. Synonym: Dryopteris euaensis Copel., Univ. 
Calif. Publ. Bot., 12: 391. 1931. Polynesia, Tonga Isl. 

hastata (Fée) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci, Ser., No. 5: 
60. 1953. Basionym: Goniopteris hastata Fee, 11 Mem., 65, t. 

18, f. 1 (p.p.). 1866, West Indies, Jamaica, 

hastato=pinnata (Brause) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
hastato=pinnata Brause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 56: 112. 1920. New 
Guinea, 


282 Piet TPO TOW LA Vol. 17, no. k 


Thelypteris hattorii (H.It6) Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 5: 
195. 1936. Basionym: opteris hattorii H.Ito, Bot. Mag. 
Tokyo, 49: 359. 1935. Japan (Kyusyu, Sikoku, Honsyu), China 
(Szechuan), 

Th, hattorii var. nemoralis (Ching) Kurata in Namegata et Kurata, 
Enum, Jap. Pterid., 317, 343. 1961. Basionym: Thelypteris ne- 
moralis Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 338. 1936. 
Japan, Cent. China, 

Th, hawaiiensis Reed, nom, nov, Basionym: Stegnogramma sandwi- 
censis Brack., Expl. Exp., 16: 26, t. 4, f. 2. 1854. Hawaii. 

Th. heimeri (C.Chr,) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris hei- 
meri C,Chr., Fedde Repert., 6: 380-381. 1909. Brazil. 

Th, henriquesii (Baker in Henriq.) Tard., Not. Syst., 14: 344. 
1952. Basionym: Polypodium henriquesii Baker in Henria., 

Bol. Soc. Brot., 4: 154, t. 1. (1886) 1887. Guinea, S. Thome, 

Th, herbacea Holtt., Gard. Bull. Singapore, 11: 268. 1947. Malay 
Peninsula, 

Th, herzogii (Rosenst.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 6. 1967. Basionym: 
Dryopteris herzogii Rosenst., Meded. Rijks Herb, Leiden, Nr. 
192.15. 1913, Bolivia. 

Th, heterocarpa (Blume) Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 49: 113. 1959. 
Basionym: Aspidium heterocerpon Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav., 155. 
1628. Micronesia (Kusaie, Palau, Ponape), Malesia, Hongkong, 
Malaysia to New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago. 

Th. heterocarpa var. glaucostipes (Bedd.) Reed, comb. nov. Basi- 
onym: Nephrodium glaucostipes Bedd., Handb. Suppl., 80. 1892. 
Perak, Malaya, Borneo, Sumatra, Mentawi Isls, 

Th, heteroclita (Desv.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 
10: 252. 1941. Basionym: Polypodium heteroclitum Desv., Berl. 
Mag., 5: 318. 1811. West Indies, Jamaica. (Proctor, Bull. 
Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., No. 5: 60. 1953). 

Th, heterophlebia (Baker) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Polypodium 
heterophlebium Baker, Journ, Bot., 1884: 363. 1884. Costa Rica. 

Th. heterophylla (Presl) K.Iwats,, Mem. Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, 
Ser. B, 31(1): 32. 1964. Basionym: Haplodictyum heterophyllum 
Presl, Epim, Bot., 51. 1849. Philippine Isls. 

Th, heteroptera (Desv.) Tard. in Humbert, Fl. Madagas., Fam. 5: 
276, f. 38 (6-10), 1958. Basionym: Nephrodium heteropterum 
Desv., Prodr., 256. 1827. Reunion, Madagascar. 

Th. hewittii (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
hewittii Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., Bot. 3: 344. 1909. Borneo. 

Th, hexagonoptera (Michx.) Weatherby, Rhodora, 21: 179. 1919. 
Basionym: Polypodium hexagonopterum Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer., 

2: 271. 1803. Texas to N. Florida, N to Minnesota and Quebec. 

Th. hexagonoptera forma furcata (Reed) Reed, comb. nov, Basio-— 
nym: teris hexagonoptera forma furcata Reed, Amer, Fern 
Journ., 37: 83. 1947. Pennsylvania. 

Th, hexagonoptera forma simonsii (Reed) Reed, comb. nov. Basio- 
nym: Dryopteris hexagonoptera forma simonsii Reed, Amer, Fern 
Journ., 35: 105. 1945. Maryland. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 283 


Thelypteris hickenii (Abbiatti) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclo- 
sorus hickenii Abbiat&i, Darwiniana, 13(2-4): 537-538, f. 1, pl. 
1. 1964, Argentina, 

Th. hieronymusii (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
hieronymusii C.Chr., Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 4: 307. 1907. Colom- 
bia. 

Th. hillii (Baker) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Polypodium hillii 
Baker in Hook, et Bak., Syn. Fil., 505. 1874. Synonym: Gonio- 
pteris ghiesbrechtii Bail., Handb. Ferns Queensland, 40. 1874. 
Australia (Queensland). 

Th. himalaica (Ching) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Leptogramma hi- 
malaica Ching, Sinensia, 7: 100, t. 6. 1936. N.W.India. 

Th. hirsutipes (Clarke) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
314. 1936. Basionym: Nephrodium gracilescens var. hirsutipes 
Clarke, Trans. Linn. Soc., Il. Bot., 1(8): 514, t. 67, f. le 
1880. N. India, China (Yunnan), Japan, Khasia. 

Th. hirtirachis (C.Chr.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst, Biol., Dot. 
6: 271, 1936. Basionym: Dryopteris hirtirachis C.Chr., Ind. 
Fil. Suppl. II: 15. 1917. = Th. paludosa. 

Th, hirtisora (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
hirtisora C.Chr., Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb., 26: 277. 1926. 

China (Yunnan), N. Thailand. 

Th, hirto-pilosa (Rosenst.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
hirto-pilosa Rosenst., Med. Rijks Herb., No. 31: 7. 1917. 
Philippine Isls, 

Th, hispida (Brause) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris his- 
pida Brause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 56: 102. 1920. Synonym: Dryo- 
pteris hispiduliformis C.Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. III: 88. 1934. 
New Guinea, 

Th, hispidifolia (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris hispidifolia v.A.v.R., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit., II, No. 
XX: 15. 1915. Borneo. 

Th. hispidula (Decne.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Aspidium his- 
pidulum Decne., Nouv. Ann. Mus., 3: 346. 1834. E. Malesia, 
Philippine Isls., New Guinea, Samoa. 

Th. hokouensis (Ching) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Cyclosorus ho- 
kouensis Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Ser. II, 1: 289. 
1949. China (Yunnan), 

Th. horridipes (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
horridipes v.A.v.R., Bull. Buit., II, No. 28: 23. 1918 Sumatra. 

Th. hosei feats} K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 21(5-6): 170. 
1965. Basionym: Meniscium hosei Baker, Journ. Linn, Soc., 22: 
230. 1886. Borneo. 

Th. hostmannii (Klotzsch) Morton, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb,, 38: 
59. 1967. Basionym: Polypodium hostmannii Klotzsch, Linnaea, 
20: 397. 1847. Surinam. 

Th. houi (Ching) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus houi Ching, 
ean Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Ser. II, 1: 290. 1949. China (Kwei- 
chow). 


28h FH £22 OraOig7z 2 Vol. 17, no. § 


Thelypteris hudsoniana (Brack.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Nephro~ 
dium hudsonianum Brack,, Expl. Exp., 16: 188, t. 25, 1654. Sand- 
wieh Isls, 

Th, hunsteiniana (Brause) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
hunsteiniana Brause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 56: 79. 1920, New Guinee, 

Th. hydrophila (Fee) Proctor, Rhodora, 61: 306, (1959) 1960. Basi- 
onym: Phegopteris hydrophila Fee, 11 Mem, Foug., 56, t. 13, f. 
3. 1866, Guadeloupe, 

Th, illicita (Christ) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris il- 
licitr Christ, Bull. Soc. Bot, Geneve, II, 1: 225. 1909. Costa 
Rica, 

Th. imbricata (Liebm,) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Polypodium im 
bricatum Liebm., Vid. Selsk, Skr., V, 1: 210, 1849, Synonym: 
Aspidium varians Mett. ex Kuhn, Linnaea, 36: 114, 1869. Mexico, 

Tho immersa (Blume) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 

306, 1936, Basionym: Aspidium immersum Blume, Enum, Pl, Jav., 
156, 1828, Malaysia, Java, Hainan, Philippine Isle (Mindanao), 

Th. imponens (Ces,) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Polypodium impo- 
nens Ces., Rend. Ac, Napoli, 16: 27, 29, 1877. New Guinea. 

Th. impressa (Desv.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Nephrodium im 
pressum Desv,, Prodr., 259. 1827. Timor, 

Th, incerta (Domin) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris incerta 
Domin, Bibl, Bot., 85: 49. 1913, Australia (Queensland). 

Th. inclusa (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris in- 
clusa Copel., Univ. Calif, Publ. Bot., 14: 373, t. 57. 1929. 
Sumatra. 

Th, ineonspicua (Copel.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst, Biol., Bot. 
10: 252. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris inconspicua Copel., Philip. 
Journ, Sci., 12C: 55. 1917. Borneo. 

Th, indica (v.A.voR,) Reed, eomb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris in- 
dica v.A.v.R., Mel, Ferns, 224. 1909. India, Malacca, 

Th, indochinensis (Christ) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 
6: 327. 1936, Basionym: Dryopteris indochinensis Christ, Journ. 
de Bot., 21: 231, 263. 1908. Annam, 

Th, insignis (Mett. in Triana et Planch.) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem, 
Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 252. 1941. Basionym: Aspidium insigne 
Mett. in Triana et Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat., V, 2: 247. 1864. 
Colombia, 

Th. insularis (K.Iwats.) K.Iwats., Mem, Coll, Sci., Univ, Kyoto, 
Ser. B, 31(3): 195, 1965. Basionym: Abacopteris insularis 
K,Iwats,, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 18: 6. 1959. Ryukyus, Okinawa 
Isl. 

Th, intermedia (Muhl, ex Willd.) House, New York State Mus, Bull, 
233-234: 69. 1922. Basionym: Polypodium vel Aspidium inter— 
medium Muhl, ex Willd.in Le; Spe | sac AR ed, hy 53 2 Ze 1810. _ 
Dryopteris. 

Th. interrupta (Willd.) B.C.Stone, Micronesica, 2: 3. 1966. Basi- 
onym: Pteris interrupta Willd., Phytogr., 1: 13, t. 10, f. l. 
1794. Synonym: Aspidium pteroides Swartz, Schrad. Journ. Bot., 
1800(2): 33. 1801. Micronesia (Yap, Palau, Saipan), Trop. Asia, 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 285 


N. Australia, Polynesia, Trop. Africa (Oubangui), 

Thelypteris invisa (Swartz) Proctor, Rhodora, 61: 306. (1959) 1960; 
l.ce, 63: 34. 1961; Morton, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb., 38(2): 61. 
1967. Basionym: Aspidium invisum Swartz, Schrad. Journ. Bot., 
1800(2): 34. 1801. West Indies, Jamaica, 

Th. invisa var, aequatorialis (C.Chr.) Morton, Contrib. U.S. Nat. 
Herb,, 38(2): 61. 1967. Basionym: Dryopteris TROL var. 
aequatorialis C.Chr., Dansk Vis. Selsk. Skr., VII, 10(2): 189. 
1913. Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru. 

Th, invisa var. kunzeana (Hook,) Morton, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb., 
38(2): 62, 1967, Basionym: Nephrodium kunzeanum Hook., Sp. 
Fil., 4: 102. 1862, Synonyms: Aspidium abruptum Kunze, Linnaea, 
9: 93. 1834, non Blume, 1828; Dryopteris oligophylla Maxon, 
Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb., 10: 489. 1908. Trop. Amer., Peru. 

Th, invisa var. pallescens (C.Chr.) Morton, Contrib. U.S. Nat. 
Herb., 38(2): 62. 1967. Basionym: Dryopteris oligophylla var. 
pallescens C,Chr., Dansk Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 10(2): 188. 
1913, Ecuador, 

Th. irayensis (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Cyelosorus iray- 
ensis Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 81: 28. 1952. Philippine 
Isls, (Ratan). 

Th, iridescens (v.A.v.H.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
iridescens v.A.v.R., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit., II, No. ll: ll. 
1913, Sumatra, 

Th, jacobsii (Holtt.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Cyclosorus ja- 
cobsii Holtt,, Blumea, 11(2): 530. 1962, Sarawak. 

Th, jamesonii (Hook.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 6. 1967. Basionym: 
Nephrodium jamesonii Hook., Sp. Fil., 4: 66, 1862, Ecuador - 
Peru. 

Th, japoniea (Baker) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst, Biol., Bot. 6: 
312. 1936. Basionym: Nephrodium japonicum Baker, Ann. Bot., 

5: 318. 1891. Japan, S. Korea, China, 

Th, japoniea var. glabrata Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 
6: 312. 1936. S. Korea. 

Th. japonica var, musashiensis Hiyama, Journ, Jap. Bot., 26: 155. 
1951. Japan (Honshu). 

Th. japoniea var, typica; H.Ito, Nova Flora Jap., 1: 135. 1939. 
Japan, 

Th. japonica var. typica forma viridescens H.Ito, Nova Flora Jap., 
1: 135. 1939. (Dryopteris japonica var. viridescens Makino, 
Gensyoku Yagaisyokubutu Zuhu, 3: 225, 1933 (nom. subnud.). 
Japan. 

Th, japonica var. typica forma vulgaris H.It6, Nova Flora Japey 
ibe 135. 1939. Japan. 

Th. jerdonii (Ching) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus jer- 
donii Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 8: 228, 1938, 
Himalaya, Sikkim, 

Th, jimenezii (Maxon et C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris jimenezii Maxon et C.Chr., Amer, Fern Journ., 4: 79. 
1914. Costa Rica, 


286 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 


Thelypteris juergensii (Rosenst.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: 
Nephrodium juergensii Hosenst., Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 10: 256, 
f. 43d. 1913. brazil (Amazonas). 

Th, keysseriana (Rosenst.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
keysseriana Rosenst., Fedde Hepert., 10: 333. 1912. New Guinea. 

Th, khasiensis Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 284. 
1936, Assam, 

Th. klossii (Ridl.) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
252. 1941. Basionym: Lastrea klossii Ridl., Trans. Linn, Soc., 
II. Bot., 9: 257. 1916. New Guinea, 

Th, kotoensis (Hayata) K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax, Geobot., 21: 42, 
1964. Basionym: Dryopteris kotoensis Hayata, Icon, Pl. Formos,, 
5: 279. 1915. Synonym: Cyclosorus truncatus var, kotoensis 
(Hayata) H.Ito, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 51: 729. 1937. Taiwan (Kotshe 
Isl., Botal Tobago). 

Th, kunthii (Desv.) Morton, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb., 38(2): 36, 
53. 1967. Basionym: Nephrodium kunthii Desv., Mem. Soc, Linn. 
Paris, 6: 258. 1827. Synonyms: Dryopteris normalis C.Chr., 
Ark, f. Bot., 9(11): 31. 1910; Thelypteris normalis Moxley, 
1920. Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil, Veneauela; scuthern U.S.; 
West Indies, 

Th. kunzeana (Hook.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, Biol., Bot. 10: 
252. 1941. Basionym: Nephrodium kunzeanum Hook., Sp. Fil., 

4: 102, 1862, = Th, invisa var. 

Th. kunzei (Fée) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Aspidium kunzei Fee, 
10 Mem., 37, t. 41, f. A-B. 1865, Synonym: Dryopteris oochlamys 
C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 280. 1905. Mexico. 

Th. kusaiana (Hosok,) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris kusa- 
ana Hosok., Trans, Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos., 26: 77. 1936. Caro— 
line Isls (Kusaie), 

Th, laete-strigosa (Clarke) K,Iwats., Fl. Eastern Himalaya, 484. 
1966, Basionym: Nephrodium glandulosum var. laete-strigosum 
Clarke, Trans, Linn. Soc., London, Ser. 2, Bot., 1(8): 532, 
pl. LXXIV, f. 2. 188. India, Ceylon. 

Th. laevigata (Mett. ex Kuhn) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 6. 1967. Basi- 
onym: Phegopteris laevigata Mett. ex Kuhn, Linnaea, 36: 112, 
1869, Peru. 

Th, laevis (Mett,) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium laeve Mett., 
Pheg. ue. Asp., 104, n. 249. 1858. Philippine Isls. Lazon). 

Th, lakhimpurensis (Rosenst.) K.Iwats., Mem, Coll, Sci., Univ. 
Kyoto, Ser. B, 31(3): 194. 1965. Basionym: Dryopteris lakhim 
purensis Rosenst., Mem, Rijks Herb., No. 31: 7, 1917. Assam, 

Th, lanceola (Christ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris di- 
versiloba var. laneceola Christ, Philip. Journ, Sci., Bot. 2: 
200. 1907. Philippine Isls, 

Th, lanipes (C.Chr.) Alston, Journ, Wash, Acad. Sci., 48(7): 233. 
1958, Basionym: Dryopteris lanipes C.Chr., Smiths. Mise, Coll., 
52: 394. 1909. Colombia, Guatemala, 

Th, larutensis (Bedd.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Nephrodium laru- 
tense Bedd., Handb, Suppl., 73. 1892. Perak, Borneo, Malaya. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 287 


Thelypteris latebrosa (Kunze ex Mett.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: 
Aspidium latebrosum Kunze ex Mett., Pheg. u. Asp., 104, n. 248, 
1858. Java, Sumatra, 

Th, latifolia (Presl) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Nephrodium lati- 
folium Presl, Epim, Bot., 45. 1849. Philippine Isls. (Luzon). 
Th, latiloba Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 303. 1936. 

China (Kweichow). 

Th, latipinna (Hook. ex Bak. in Hook, et Bak.) K.Iwats., Acta. 
Phytotax, Geobot., 21(5-6): 166. 1965, Basionym: Nephrodiun 
latipinna Hook, ¢x Bak. in Hook. et Bak., Syn. Fil., 292. 1867. 
Java, Hongkong, S. China, S to Malaysia, Assam, Ceylon. 

Th. lauterbachii (Brause) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
lauterbaehii Brause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 49: 18. 1912. New Guinea, 

Th, laxa (Franch. et Sav.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 
6: 333. 1936. Basionym: Aspidium laxum Franch. et Sav., Enum, 
Pl. Jap., 2: 237. 1876; l.c., p. 631. 1879. Central and S. China, 
Japan, Korea, Taiwan. in 

Th. laxa var, dilatata (Koidz.) H.Ito ex Honda, Nom. Pl. Jap., 520. 
1939. Basionym: Dryopteris laxa var, dilatata Koidz., Acta 
Phytotax. Geobot., 1: 28 1932. (Japan). = Th, hattorii, 

Th, laxa var. typica; H.It6, Nova Flora Jap., 1: 140. 1939. Japan. 

Th, laxa var. typica forma glabrescens H,1to, Nova Flora Jap., l: 
140. 1939. Japan. 

Th, laxa var, typica forma typica; H.Ito, Nova Flora Jap., 1: 140. 
1939. Japan. 

Th. lepidopoda (C.Chr. ex Tard. et C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov, Basi- 
onym: Cyclosorus lepidopodus C.Chr. ex Tard. et C.Chr., Not, 
Syst., (Paris), 7: 73. 1938 ("lepidopoda"). Laos, Tonkin, Annam. 

Th. lepidula (Hieron.) Alston, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 48(7): 233. 
1958, Basionym: Dryopteris lepidula Hieron., Hedwigia, 46: 328, 
t. 4, f. 7. 1907. Colombia. 

Th. leprieurii (Hook,) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 6. 1967. Basionym: 
Nephrodium leprieurii Hook., Sp. Fil., 4: 106, 1862, Trop. 
Amer., Guiana, Peru, Costa Rica. 

Th, leptocladia (Fee) Proctor, Bull. Inst, Jamaica, Sci. Ser., 

No. 5: 61. 1953. Basionym: Goniopteris leptocladia Fée, 11 Mem, 
60, t. 16, f. 1. 1866. Trop, Amer., Jamaica, 

The leptogrammoides (Rosenst.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris leptogrammoides Rosenst., Fedde Repert., 9: 68. 1910, 
Costa Rica, 

“Th, lethaea (Unger) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Aspidium lethaeum 
Unger, Gen, et Sp. Pl. Foss., 190. 1850. Miocene: Styria (Kain- 
berg). Aff. Th. mollis, Th. oreopteris (=Th. limbosperma) et 
Th. patens, 

Th. leucadenia (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus 
leucadenius Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 81: 27. 1952, Luzon. 

Th, leucolepis (Presl) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
345. 1936, Pasionym: Lastrea leucolepis Presl, Epim, Bot., 39. 
1849, Philippine Isls., Polynesia, Tonga Isl., Fiji. 


288 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 


Thelypteris leuconevron (Fee) Schelpe, Journ. S, Afr. Bot., 31(4): 
266. 1965, Basionym: Nephrodium leuconevron Fée, 5® Mem. Foug., 
306, t. 18, f. 3. 1852, Synonym: Nephrodium mauritianum Fée, 
5° Mem, Foug., 308. 1852, Natal, Mascarenes, Madagascar, 

Th, leucophlebia (Christ) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Aspidium 
leucophlebia Christ, Bull, Boiss., II, 4: 961. 1904. Costa Rica. 

Th, leucothrix (c.chr.} Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 6. 1967, Basionym: 
Dryopteris leucothrix C,Chr., Smiths, Misc, Coll., 52: 377. 
1909. Bolivia. 

Th, levingei (Clarke) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
273. 1936, Basionym: Gymnogranmma aurita var. levingei Clarke, 
Trans, Linn, Soc., II. Bot., 1: 568, 1880. Synonym: opteris 

urdomii C.Chr,, Bot. Gaz., 56: 335. 1913. Himalaya (Sikkim), 
China (Yunnan, Szechwan, Shensi). 

Th, levyi (Fourn,) Morton, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb., 38(2): 37. 
1967. Basionym: Aspidium levyi Fourn,, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 
19: 255. 1872, Nicaragua, 

Th, ligulata (J.Smith ex Presl) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, Biol., 
Bot. 10: 252. 1941. Basionym: Lastrea ligulata J.Smith ex Presl, 
Epim, Bot., 35. 1849. Synonym: Dryopteris luerssenii (Harr.) C, 
Chr., Ind, Fhl., 276. 1905. Philippine Isls. 

Th, limaensis (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris lima- 
ensis Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 19: 296 1941. Peru. 

Th, limbata (Swartz) Proctor, Rhodora, 61: 306. (1959) 1960. Basi- 
onym: Aspidium limbatum Swartz, Schrad. Journ. Bot., 1800(2): 
35. 1801. Synonym: Amauropelta breutelii Kunze, Farnkr., 1: 86, 
109. 1843. West Indies, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe. 

Th, limbosperma (Allioni) H.P.Fuchs, Amer, Fern Journ., 48: 144. 
(1958) 1959, Basionym: Polypodium limbospermim Allioni, Auct, 
Fl. Pedemont., 49. 1789 (Prior to Apr. 1). Synonym: Polypodium 
oreopteris Ehrh. in Willd., Prodr., 292. 1787. Europe, Madeira, 
Japan, Pac, N. Amer, (Alaska — Wash.). 

Th, X lindheimeri (A.Br. ex C.Chr.) Wherry, Amer, Fern Journ., 54: 
1,5. 1964. Basionym: Dryopteris normalis var, lindheimeri A.Br. 
ex C.Chr,, Dansk, Vid. Selsk. Skr., VI1, 10: 182. 1913 (pro 
syn.). SE United States, 

Th, lindigii (C.Chr.) Alston, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 48(7): 233. 
1958 Basionym: teris lindigii C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 275. 
1905. * Th, deflexa (Presl) Tryon. 

Th, lindmanii (C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: D teris lind- 
manii C,Chr., Vid. Selsk. Skr,, VII, 4: 281, f. 9. 1907 (lind— 
mani), S, Brazil. 

Th, lineata (Blume) K.Iwats., Mem, Coll. Sci., Ser. B, 31(1): 34. 
1964. Basionym: Aspidium lineatum Blume, num, Pl. Jav., 144. 
1828. Synonym: Dryopteris tenompokensis C.Chr., Gardens Bull. 
Straits Settlements, 7: 248, 1934. Java, Borneo, Malaya. 

Th. lingulata (C.Chr.) Morton, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb., 38(2): 
43. 1967. Basionym: Dryopteris li ta C.Chr., Dansk Vid. 
Selsk, Skr., VII, Naturv. Afd., 10(2): 271. 1913. Costa Rica. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 289 


Thelypteris linkiana (Presl) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 6, 1967. Basionym: 
Grammitis linkiana Presl, Tent. Pterid., 209, 1836; Gymogramma 
polypodioides Link, Hort. Berol., 2: 50. 1833. Synonym: Gymnogram= 
ma diplazioides Desv., Mem. Soc, Linn, Paris, 6: 214. 1827. West 
Indies, Hispaniola, 

Th, linnaeana (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Lastrea linnae- 
ana Copel., Gen. Fil., 139. 1947. Synonym: Dryopteris sancta 
Kuntze, Rev. Gen, Pl., 2: 813. 1891. West Indies, Cent. Amer. 

Th, lithophylla (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
lithophylla Copel., Philip. Journ, Sci., 12C: 57. 1917. Borneo. 

Th, liukiuensis (Christ in Matsum.) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci., Univ. 
Kyoto, Ser. B, 31(3): 191. 1965. Basionym: Meniscium liukiuense 
Christ in Matsum., Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 24: 240. 1910. Synonym: Aba- 
copteris triphylla var, simplicifolia Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. 
Biol., Bot. 8: 243. 1938; Abacopteris sampsoni (Baker) Ching, 
Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 8: 244. 1938 (p.p.). Ryukyus, 
Okinawa; Taiwan, 

Th. lobangensis (C.Chr. ex C.Chr, et Holtt.) Reed, comb. nov. 
Basionym: Dryopteris lobangensis C.Chr. ex C.Chr. et Holtt., 
Gard. Bull. Straits Settlements, 7: 245. 1934. Borneo. 

Th. lobata (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus loba- 
tus Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 81: 33. 1952. Philippine Isls, 

Th, loheriana (Christ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium loheri-~ 
anum Christ, Bull. Boiss., 6: 191. 1898. Philippine Isls. (Luzon). 

Th. lomatosora (Copel. ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
lomatosora Copel., Univ, Calif. Publ. Bot., 19: 298. 194]. Peru. 

Th, lonchodes (D.C.Eaton) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, Biol., Bot. 
10: 252. 1941. Basionym: Aspidium lonchodes D.C.Eaton, Mem. 
Amer, Acad., n.s., 8: 210, 1860. Cuba, 

Th, longicaulis (Baker) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Nephrodium 
longicaule Baker, Journ. Bot., 1881: 204. 1881. New Grenada, 

Th, longicuspis (Baker) Schelpe, Journ. S. Afr. Bot., 31€4): 262. 
1965. Basionym: Nephrodium longicuspe Baker, Journ. Limn, Soc., 
16: 202, 1877. Synonym: Nephrodium zambesiacum Baker, Ann. Bot., 
5: 318. 1891. Madagascar, Nyasaland, 

Th. longifolia (Desv.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 7. 1967. Basionym: Me- 
niscium longifolium Desv., Mem. Soc, Linn, Paris, 6: 223, 1827. 
Synonyms: Dryopteris longifolia (Fée) Hieron., 1907, illegit.; 
Dryopteris desvauxii Maxon et Morton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 

5: 369. 1938. Brazil. 

Th, longifolia forma glandulosa (Maxon et Morton) Morton, Contrib. 
U.S. Nat. Herb,, 38(2): 52. 1967. Basionym: Dryopteris des- 
vauxii forma glandulosa Maxon et Morton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 
65: 372. 1938. Brazil. 

Th. longipes (Blume) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Aspidium longipes 
Blume, Enum, Pl. Jav., 155. 1828. Java, Celebes, 

Th. longipetiolata (K.Iwats{) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, 
Ser. B, 31(3): 194. 1965. Basionym: Abacopteris longipetiolata 
K,Iwats., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 18: 11. 1959, Taiwan, 


290 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 


Thelypteris longipilosa (Sodiro) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Ne- 
phrodium longipilosum Sodiro, Sert. Fl. Ecuad., Il: 26, 1908, 
Ecuador, 

Th. longissima (Brack,) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Goniopteris 
Longissima Brack,, Sxpl. Exp., 16: 29, t. 5. 1854. Tahiti. 

Th, lorentzii (Hieron.) Abbiatti, Darwiniana, 13(2-4): 566. 1964. 
Basionym: Aspidium lorentzii Hieron., Engl. Bot, Jahrb., 22: 
368, (1896) 1897. Argentina, 

Th. lucida (Baker) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Nephrodium lucidum 
Baker, Gard, Chron., n.s., 8: 456, 1877, Madagascar, 

Th. lugubriformis (Rosenst.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 7. 1967. Basionyn: 
Dryopteris lugubriformis Rosenst., Fedde Repert., 7: 299. 1909. 
Peru. 

Th. lurida (Underw. et Maxon ex Slosson) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Ja- 
maica, Sci, Ser., No. 5: 61. 1953. Basionym: Dryopteris lurida 
Underw. et Maxon ex Slosson, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 40: 183, 

t. 3, f. 1. 1913. (Nephrodium luridum Jenm,, nom,). Jamaica, 

Th. lurida forma leucochsete (Slosson) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jam, 
Sci, Ser., No. 5: 61. 1953. Basionym: Dryopteris leucochaeta 
Slosson, Bull. Torr, Bot. Club, 40: 184, t. 3, f. 2. 1913. 
Jamaica, 

Th, luzonica (Christ) Reed, comb. nov. S3asionym: Dryopteris lu- 
zonica Christ, Philip. Journ. Sci, Bot., 2: 196. 1907. Philip 
pine Isls, 

Th, macbridei (Maxon) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 7, 1967. Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris macbridei Maxon, Journ. Wash, Acad. Sci., 34: 25. 1944. 
Peru. 

Th. macgregorii (Baker) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 

10: 252. 1941. Basionym: Nephrodium macgregorii Baker, Ann. 
Bot., 5: 320. 1892. New Guinea, 

Th. macilenta E.P.St. John, Amer. Fern Journ., 26: 50, 52, t. 5. 
1936, (Florida). = Dryopteris, 

Th, macradenia (Sodiro) Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 51: 38 1961. 
Basionym: Nephrodium macrodenium Sodiro, Rec. 47, 1883. Ecuador. 

Th, macroptera (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris macro- 
ptera Copel., Univ. Calif, Publ, Bot., 12: 392, 1931. Tonga. 

Th, macropus (Mett.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium macro- 
pus Mett., Fil. Lechl., 2: 20. 1859. Brazil. 

Th, macrorhizoma E.P.St. John, Amer. Fern Journ., 32: 146-147. 
(1942) 1943. Florida. 

Th. macrotis (Hook.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 7. 1967. Basionym: Nephro- 
dium macrotis Hook., Sp. Fil., 4: 86. 1862. Peru. 

Th, madagascariensis (Fée) Schelpe, Journ. S. Afr. Bot., 31(4): 267. 
1965, Basionym: Goniopteris madagascariensis Fée, Mem. Foug. 
5: 251. 1852. Synonym: Goniopteris patens Fée, Mem, Foug. 5°: 
253. 1852; Gymmogramma unita Kunze, Linnaea, 18: 115. 1844; 
Goniopteris silvatica Pappe et Raws., Syn. Fil., Afr. Austr., 

39. 1858 (nom. illegit.); Nephrodium costulare Baker, Journ, 
Linn, Soc. Lond., Bot. 16: 203. 1877; Dryopteris gladiata C.Chr., 
Ark, f. Bot., 14(19): 4, t. 1. 1916. Madagascar, S. Afr. (Natal). 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 291 


Thelypteris maemonensis (Wagner et Grether) B.C.Stone, Micronesica, 
2: 3. 1966, Basionym: Cyclosorus maemonensis Wagner et Grether, 
Oce. Paper Bishop Mus., 19(2): 54, f. 5. 1948. Marianas (Guam), 

Th. magna (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Cyclosorus magnus 
Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 81: 30. 1952, Philippine Isls. 
(Negros). 

Th. magnifica (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris mag- 
nifiica Copel., Bishop Mus, Bull 5) poe Ll 929., Pati 

Th. malangae (C.Chr,) Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 53: 66. 1963, 
Basionym: Dryopteris malangae C.Chr., Svensk Vet. Akad. Handl, ; 
III, 16(2): 21, 1931. Hispaniola, Jamaica, Haiti, Cuba, 

Th. malayensis (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: opteris ma- 
layensis C.Chr., Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 10: 171. 1913. Synonyms: 
Aspidium glandulosum Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav., 144. 1828, non Poly= 
podium glandulosum Desv., 1811; Dryopteris excrescens Copel., 
Univ, Calif, Publ. Bot., 14: 374. 1929. Perak, W. Malaysia, 
Sumatra, Philinpine Isls, 

Th, malodora (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris malo~ 
dora Copel., Philip. Journ, Sci., 60: 108, t. 13. 1936. Solomon 
Isls, 

Th, mapirensis (Rosenst,) Alston, Journ, Wash, Acad, Sci., 48(7): 
234. 1958. Synonym: Dryopteris mapirensis Rosenst., Fedde Re— 
pert., 6: 313. 1909, Colombia, Bolivia. 

Th, margaretae (E.Brown in E. et F. Brovm) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, 
Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 252. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris margaretae 
E.Brown in E. et F,Brown, Bernice P, Bishop Mus. Bull., 89: 29, 
pl. 3. 1931, Rapa. 

Th. marginalis (L.) Nieuwl,, Amer, Midl, Nat., 1: 226. 1910. Basio- 
nym: Polypodium marginale L., Sp. Pl., 1091. 1753. = Dryopteris. 

Th. marginalis forma davenportii (Floyd) L.B.Smith, Rhodora, 30: 17, 
1928, Basionym: Nephrodium marginale forma davenportii Floyd, 
Rhodora, 4: 245. 1902, = Dryopteris. 

Th. marginalis forma elegans (Robinson) Weatherby ex Hoffm., Proc, 
Bost. Soc, Nat, Hist., 36: 197. 1922. Basionym: Aspidium mar— 
ginale var, elegans J.Robinson, Bull. Essex Inst, (Salem, Mass.), 
8: No. 3, 151. 1875. = Dryopteris, 

Th, mascarensis (Baker) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Polypodium mas— 
carense Baker in Hook, et Baker, Syn, Fil., ed. 1, 455. 1868, 
Madagascar, 

Th, matutumensis (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
matutumensis Copel., Philip, Journ. Sci., 40: 299) t.. 30929. 
Philippine Isls, (Mindanao), 

Th, mauensis (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Polypodium 
clarkei Baker, Ann, Bot., 5: 457, 1891; Dryopteris mauensis 
C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 277. 1905, Hawaiian Isls. (Maui). 

Th, mauritiana (Fée) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Nephrodium mauri- 
tianum Fée, Gen. Fil., 308, 1850-1852, Madagascar, Mascarenes, 

Th, meeboldii (Rosenst, ) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
meeboldii Rosenst., Fedde Repert., 12: 247. 1913. S$ India, 


292 Phe Ot Ot 8 Vol. 17, no. k 


Thelypteris megacuspis (Baker) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Poly- 
podium megacuspe Baker, Journ, Bot., 1890: 266, 1890, Tonkin. 

Th. megalocarpa (yeh. vB) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, Biol., Bot. 
= ae 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris megalocarpa v.A.v.R., Bull. 

t., III, 5: 199. 1922, Sumatra, 

wi a a we (Schkuhr) Proctor, Bull. Inst, Jamaica, Sci. Ser., 

1, 1953. Basionym: Polypodium megalodus Schkuhr, Krypt. 
a rg 24, t. 19B. 1806, = Th, pennata. 

Th, megaphylla (Mett.) K.Iwats,, Mem, Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, 31(1): 
34. 1964, Basionym: Aspidium megaphyllum Mett., Ann. Lugd. Bat., 
1: 233, 1864. N. India, Ceylon, Malesia, Ins, Comorae, Weet Afr, 

Th, megaphylloides (Rosenst.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryo= 
pteris megaphylloides Rosenst., Fedde Repert., 12: 174. 1913. 

New Guinea, 

Th, melanochlaena (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
melanochlaena C.Chr., Smiths. Musc. Coll., 52: 3&4. 1909. Guate- 
mala, 

Th. melanophlebia (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
melanophlebia Copel., Philip. Journ, Sci., Bot. 6: 147. 1911. 
Philippine Isls. (Negros). 

Th, membranacea (Mett,) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 7. 1967. Basionym: 
Phegopteris membranacea Mett., Fil. Lechl., 2: 22. 1859. Synonym: 
Nephrodium lechleri Hieron., Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 34: 448. 190k. 
Peru, 

Th, membranifera (C.Chr. in Bonap.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris membranifera C.Chr, in Bonap., Notes Pterid., 16: 170, t. 
2. 1925, Madagascar, 

Th, menisciicarpa (Blume) K.Iwats,, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 21(5-6): 
171. 1965, Basionym: Aspidium menisciicarpon Blume, Enum, Fl. 
Jav,, 142. 1828, Synonyms: Cyclogorus menisciicarpus (Blume) 
Holtt., Dansk Bot, Ark., 25(2): 39. 1967; Phegopteris cordifolia 
veAeveR., Bull, Jard, Bot. Buit., Ser. II, ll: 19, t. 5. 1913; 
Dryopteris mirabilis Copel., Philip. Journ, Set, 5 GCs 3357s te 
19, 1921 5 Dryopteris verreculosa verreculosa v.A.v.R., Bull. Jard. Bot. Suit., 
sere It, J)2d2% 1913; Polypodiw olypodium holophyllum Baker, Journ, Bot., 
1888: 325. 1888, non P. holophyllum Baker, 1879, Malaya, Sume= 
tra, Borneo, Java, Philippine Isls, (Palawan). 

Th, meniscioides (Liebm,) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Polypodium 
meniscioides Liebm., Vid. Selsk. Skr., V, 1: 211. 1849. Synonym: 
Goniopteris 1 rostrata Fée, 11 Mem., 64, t. 17, f. 3. 1866, Mexico- 
Panama, Guadeloupe. 

Th, mercurii (A.Braun ex Hieron,) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris mercurii A.Breun ex Hieron., Hedwigia, 46: 335, t. 5, f. 

9. 1907; Aspidium mercurii A.Br., mcs., Christ 1906, nomen, Mexi- 
co = Costa Rica - Scuador. 

Th, merrillii (Christ) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris mer- 
rillii Christ, Philip. Journ, Sci., Bot. 2: 201. 1907. Philippines. 

Th. mertensioides (C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
mertensioides C,Chr., Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 4: 328, f. 50. 1907. 
Costa Rica, 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 293 


Thelypteris metcalfei (Baker) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Poly- 
podium metcalfei Baker, Ann. Bot., 5: 461. 1891. New Hebrides. 
Th, mesocarpa (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, uSesionuyme Dryopteris meso- 

carpa Copel., Bishop Mas. Bulls, 93: 9, t. TA. 1932, “Society, Isle. 

Th, metteniana Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 252. 
1941. Basionym: Nephrodium palustre Baker in Hook, et Bak., Syn. 
Fil., 270. 1827, non Thelypteris palustris Schott, 1834, Brazil, 

Th, mettenii (Copel.) Abbiatti, Darwiniana, 13(2-4): 566. 1964. 
Basionym: Lastrea mettenii Copel., Gen. Fil., 139 (nom. nov,), 
1947. Synonyms: nyms: Dryopteris palustris (Mett, ex Fée) Kuntze, Rev, 
Gen. Pl., 2: 813. 1891; Aspidium palustre Mett. ex Fée, Crypt. 
Vasc, Bresil, 2: 76. 1872-1873. Brazil. 

Th, mexiae (C.Chr, ex Copel.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., 
Bot. 10: 252. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris mexiae C.Chr. ex Copel., 
Unive -Calaf, Publ; Bot. 177532, ti) 6gs22"" Brazit. 

*Th, meyeri (Heer) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Aspidium meyeri Heer, 
Tertidrfl. der Helv., 1: 36, t. 11, f. 2, 1855. Tertiary, Mio~ 
cene: Switzerland, Oeningen, Lausanne, Aff. Th. mollis. 

Th, micans (Brause) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris micans 
Brause, Fngl. Bot, Jahrb., 56: 98. 1920. New Guinea. 

Th, microbasis (Bak, in Hook, et Bak.) Tard., Not. Syst., lk: 344. 
1952 (1953)3 Mem, IFAN, 28: 117, t. 20, f. 1. 1953. Basionym: 
Nephrodium microbasis Bak. in Hook. et Bak., Syn. Fil., 496. 
1874. Synonym: Dryopteris adenochlamys C.Chr., Fedde Repert., 

9: 370. 1911. Africa (Senegal, Sudan, Guinea, Fr. Guinea, Da- 
homey, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria), 

Th, microcarpa (v.A.v.R.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 

10: 252. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris microcarpa v.A.v.R., 
Bull. Buit., III, 2: 146. 1920. Sumatra. 

Th, microloncha (Christ) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
microloncha Christ, Philin. Journ. Sci., 2: 202. 1907. Philippines. 

Th, microsora Reed, nom. nov, Basionym: opteris microsora Copel., 
Bishop Mus, Bull., 59: 12, 1929 (homonym), non Dryopteris micro- 
sora (Hook.) Kuntze, 1891, Fiji. 

Th, millei (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris millei 
C.Chr., Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 10: 138. 1913. Ecuador. 

Th, mindanaensis (Christ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
mindanaensis Christ, Philip. Journ, Sci., Bot. 2: 194. 1907. 
Philippine Isls (Mindanao). 

Th, minensis Abbiatti, Darwiniana, 13(2-4): 563-564, f. 8, t. 6. 
1964. Brazil. 

Th, minuscula (Maxon) Morton, Contrib, U.S. Nat, Herb., 38(2): 43. 
1967, Basionym: Dryopteris minuscula Maxon, Kew Bull. Misc. 
Inf., 1932: 135. 1932. Colombia. 

Th. minutula Morton, Amer, Fern Journ., 1,3: 173-17/,. 1953. Ecuador, 

Th, mixta (Rosenst.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris mixta 
Rosenst., Fedde Repert., 12: 172. 1913. New Guinea, 

Th. mollicella (Maxon) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot, 10: 
252. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris mollicella Maxon, Proc. Biol. 
Soc, Wash., 36: 49. 1923, Dominica, 


29h, PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. k 


Thelypteris mollicula (Kunze ex Link) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. 
Biol,, Bot. 10: 252. 1941. Basionym: Polypodium molliculum Kunze 
ex Link, Fil. Sp., 130. 1841. Trop, Amer. 

Th. mollis (Mett.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 7. 1967, Basionym: Phegopteris 
mollis Mett., Ann, Sci. Nat., V. Bot., 2: 242. 1864, non Drvo- 
pteris mollis (Jacq.) Hieron., 1907. Synonym: Peropterss per- 
mollis Maxon et Morton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, : 372. 1938. = 
Th. arborescens (Humb, et Bonpl.) Morton, 

Th, milliuscula (Kuhn) K.Iwats,, Fl. Eastern Himalaya, 484. 1966. 
Basionym: Aspidium molliusculum Kuhn, Bot. Zeit., 26: 41. 1268. 
N. India. 

Th, moniliformis (Tagawa et K.Iwats.) K.Iwats., Mem, Coll. Sci., 
Univ, Kyoto, Ser. B, 31(1): 36. 1964, Basionym: Dimorphopteris 
moniliformis Tagawa et K.Iwats, ex K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax, Geo- 
bot., 19: 8, 1961. Molucca Isls. 

Th, morobensis (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris moro- 
bensis Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 221. 1942. New Guinea. 

Th, mosenii (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris mosenii 
C.Chr., Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 4: 300, f. 27. 1907. Brazil. 

Th. motleyana (Christ) Holtt., Rev. Fl. Mal., 2: 247, f. 140. (1954) 
1955. Basionym: Aspidium motleyanum Christ, Ann. dard. Buit., 
II, 5: 105. 1905; Nephrodium motleyanum Hook, ex Baker in Hook. 
et Baker, Syn. Fil., 266. 1867 (nomen), (Mesoneuron), Malaya 
(Java, Sumatra), 

Th. mitiauriculata (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
multiauriculata Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 221. 1942. 
New Guinea, 

Th, mltiformis (C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
multiformis C.Chr., Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 10: 154, f. 17. 1913. 
(Th, multiformis (C.Chr.) Murillo, Cat. Illus, Plantas de Cundi- 
namarca, 2: 107 (nom. illegit.). 1966). 

Th. multifrons (C.Chr. in Bonap.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., 
Bot. 10: 252. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris mitifrons C.Chr, in 
Bonap., Notes Pterid., 16: 172, +t. 2B. 1925, Madagascar, 

Th, multijugis (Bak, in Hook, et Bak.) Reed, Comb. nov, Basionym: 
Nephrodium mitijugum Bak, in Hook. et Bak., Syn. Fil., 291. 
1867, Malay Peninsula. 

Th, multilineata (Wall. ex Hook.) Morton, Amer, Fern Journ., 49: 
112. 1959. Basionym: Polypodium miltilineatum Wall. ex Hook., 

Sp. Fil., 5: 11.(1863) i36. Synonyms: Abacopteris multilineata 
Ching, 1938; Nephrodium moulmeinense Bedd., Handl. 275. 1883; 
Dryopteris moulmeinensis (Bedd.) C.Chr., 1905, Malay Peninsul., 
Selangor, Ceylon, N. India - S,. China, Sumatra, Philippines, 

Th, miltilineata var, malayensis Reed, nom, nov. (Abstopteris mil- 
tilineata var, malayensis Holtt., Rev. Mal. Fl., 2: 297. 1954 
(fiom. illegit.)). Laminae tenuiores, pinnae latiores cum non 
densatis marginibus, vix dentatis, Malaysia 

Th, multiseta (Bak,) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 

347 (err. multisectum), 1936. Basionym: Nephrodium mltisetum 
Bak,, Journ. Linn, Soc, , 22: 226=227. 1886. Borneo, Java. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 295 


Thelypteris miltisora (C.Chr. ex C.Chr, et Holtt.) Reed, comb, nov, 
Basionym: Dryopteris multisora C.Chr, ex C.Chr. et Holtt., Gard. 
Bull. Straits Settlements, 7: 241. 1934. Borneo. 

Th, munda (Rosenst.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
252. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris munda Rosenst., Med. Rijks Herb., 
No. 31: 5, 1917. New Guinea, 

Th, muricata (Brause) Reed, comb. nov. Pasionym: Drvopteris muri- 
cata Brause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 56: 106, 1920, New Guinea. 

Th, muscicola Proctor, Rhodora, 63: 33. 1961. West indies, Nevis, 

Th, mutabilis (Brause) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris mta- 
bilis Brause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 56: 97. 1920. New Guinea, 

Th, muzensis (Hieron,) Alston, Journ, Wash. Acad. Sci., 48(7): 233. 
1958, Basionym: Dryopteris muzensis Hieron., Hedwigia, 46: 331, 
t. h, f. 6. 1907. Colombia, Ecuador. 

Th, myriosora (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris myrio- 
sora Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 60: 108, t. 14. 1936. Solomon 
Isls, 

Th, namburensis (Bedd, ) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Nephrodium nam. 
burense Bedd., Handb. Suppl. 1892, p. 69. Assam. 

Th, navarrensis (Christ) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci, Ser., 
No. 5: 61. 1953. Basionym: Aspidium navarrense Christ, Bull, 
Boiss,, II. 7: 262. 1907. Trop. Amer., Costa Rica, Jamaica, Haiti. 

Th. neglecta (Brade et Rosenst.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., 
Bot. 10: 253. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris neglecta Brade et Rosen- 
st., Bol. Mus, Nac. Rio Janeiro, 7: 142, t. 7. 1931. Brazil, 

Th, nemoralis Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 338. 1936. 
(China: Kiangsi, Anwhei), = Th, hattorii var. 

Th, nemoralis (Sodiro) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 7. 1967. Basionym: Neph- 
rodium nemorale Sod., Crypt. Vasc. Quit., 267. 1893. (Ecuador), 
= Th, sodiroi, 

Th, neo-auriculata (Ching) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 
6: 281. 1936, Basionym: Dryopteris neo-auriculata Ching, Bull. 
Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 2: 196, t. 10. 1931. China (Yunnan), 

Th, nephrodioides (Klotsch,) Procter, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. 
Ser., No. 5: 61. 1953. Basionym: Aspidium nephrodioides Klotz- 
sch,, Linnaea, 20: 370, 1847. Synonym: Nephrodium guadalu- 
pense Fée, 11° Mém,. Foug.: 89, t. 24, f. 3. 1866. Trop, Amer. 
(Colombia, Jamaica). 

Th, nephrolepioides (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryepteris 
nephrolepioides C.Chr., Brittonia, 2: 295, f. 1 c-d. 1937. New 
Guinea, 

Th, nervosa (Klotzsch.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 7. 1967, Basionym: 

Po dium nervosum Klotzsch,, Linnaea, 20: 386, 1847, non Poly- 
podium nervoeum Boj., 1837, nom. nud. Guiana, 

Th, nesiotica (Maxon et Morton) Morton, Contrib, U.S. Nat. Herb., 
38(2): 43, 1967. Basionym: Dryopteris nesiotica Maxon et Merton, 
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 65: 362, t. 12. 1938. Trinidad. 

Th, nevadensis (Baker) Clute, ex Morten, Amer, Fern Journ., 48: 139. 
1958, Basionym: Nephrodium nevadense Baker, Ann, Bot., 5: 320. 
1891, non Aspidium nevadense D.C.Haton, Ferns N. Amer., 1: 73, 


296 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 


t. 10. 1878, non. illegit. Synonym: Dryopteris oregana C.Chr., 
C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 281. 1905, Western United States, (Calif., 
Oregon). 

Thelypterie nicaraguensis (Fourn.) Morton, Contrib, U.S. Nat. Herb., 
38(2): 55. 1967. Basionym: Phegopteris nicaraguensis Fourn., 
Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 19: 252. 1872, Centr. Amer., Nicaragua. 

Th. nigrescentia (Jenm,) Reed, comb, nov, Bagionym: Polypodium ni- 
grescentium Jenm,, Gard, Chron., III, 17: 100. 1895, Jamaica. 

Th. nipponica (Franch, et Sav.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., 
Bot, 6: 309. 1936. Basionym: Aspidium nipponicum Franch, et Sav., 
Enum, Pl. Jap., 2: 242. 1867, p. 636. 1869, Cent. and W, China, 
Japan, 

Th, nipponica var. borealis (Hara) Hiyama in Yase, 3: 130. 1937. 
Basienym: Dryopteris nipponica var. borealis Hara, Bot. Mag. 
Tokyo, 48: 695. 1934. Japan (Hokkaido,.Honshu, Yezo, Saghalien). 

Th, nipponica var. typica; H.Ito, Nova Flora Jap., 1: 133. 1929. 

Th, nitens (Desv.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 7. 1967, Basionym: Poly- 
podium nitens Desv., Mem. Soc. Linn, Paris, 6: 240, 1827. Andes, 
Peru+ Ecuador. 

Th, nitidula (Presl) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Nephrodium niti- 
dulum Presl, Epim, Bot., 46. 1849. Synonyms: Nephrodium philip~ 
pinense Baker, Ann. Bot., 5: 327. 1891; Nephrodium basil.are 
Presl, Epim. Bot., 25& (nomen). 1849; opteris basilaris (Pres1) 
C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 254. 1905 (nom. illegit.); Cyclosorus ser- 
ratus Copel., Phblip. Journ. Sci., 81: 36. 1952; Fern Fl. Philip., 
2: 365-366. 1958. Philippine Isls. (Luzon, Bohol). 

Th, nockiana (Jenm,) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., No. 
61. 1953. Basionym: Nephrodium nockianum Jenm,, Journ. Bot., 
18686: 270, 1886, Jamaica, 

*Th, nodosa (Goepp.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Aspidites nodosus 
Goepp., Syst. Fil. Foss., 372, t. 23, f. 1. 1836, Synonyms: 
Pecopteris nodosa Goepp., Ubersicht d. Foss. Flora Schlesiens, 

2: 215. 1844; Aspidites leptorrhachis Goepp., Syst. Fil. Foss., 
373, t. 23, f. 2. 1836; Aspidium nodosum (Goepp.) Ett., Die 
Farnkr, der Jetztwelt., 198. 1865. Upper Carboniferous: Silesia 
(Waldenburg). Aff, Th. noveboracensis. 

Th. normalis (C.Chr.) Moxley, Bull. So, Calif. Acad. Sci., 19: 57. 
1920, Basionym: Dryopteris normalis C.Chr., Ark. f, Bot., 9(11): 
31. 1910. = Th. kunthii. 

Th. normalis var. harperi (C.Chr.) Wherry, Amer. Fern Journ., 54: 
146. 1964. Basionym: Dryopteris normalis var. harperi. C.Chr.,. 
Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 10: 182, 1913. = Th. kunthii, 

Th, notabilis (Brause) Ching, Bull. Fam Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
253. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris notabilis Brause, Engl. Bot. 
Jahrb., 56: 91. 1920, New Guinea, 

Th, novae-hiberniae Holtt., Dansk Bot. Ark., 25(2): 50. 1967. New 
Ireland, New Hebrides. 

Th. noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl., Amer, Midl. Nat., 1: 225. 1910. 
Basionym: Polypodium noveboracense L., Sp. Pl., 1091. 1753. 
Newfoundland to Minnesota, south to Georgia and Arkansas. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 297 


Thelypteris noveboracensis forma excurrens Neidorf, Amer, Fern 
Journ., 39: 101. 1949. New York. 

Th, noveboracensis forma fragrans (Peck) Reed, comb. nov. Basio= 
nym: Aspidium noveboracense var. fragrans Peck, New York State 
Mus. Rept., 28: 84, 1876, Synonym: Aspidium noveboracense 
forma suaveolens D.C.Eaton, Ferns N. Amer., 1: 50. 1878. New York. 

Th. novoguineensis (Brause) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
novoguineensis Brause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 49: 21. 1912. New 
Guinea. 

Th. nuna (J.W.Moore) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
253. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris nuna J.W.Moore, Bernice P. Bis- 
hop Mus. Bull., 102: 7. 1933. Society Isls., Raiatea. 

Th, nymphalis (G.Forst.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Polypodium 
nymphale G.Forst., Prodr., 81. 17&6. New Zealand, Polynesia. 

Th. obliquata (Mett.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
253. 1941. Basionym: Aspidium obliquatum Mett., Ann. Sci. Nat., 
IV, 15: 75. 1861. New Caledonia. 

Th, obliterata (Swartz) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., 

No. 5: 62. 1953. Basionym: Polypodium oblateratum Swartz, Prodr., 
132. 1788. West Indies, Jamaica, Mexicc, 

Th, oblonga (Brause) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris oblonga 
Brause, Eng]. Bot. Jahrb., 56: 109. 1920. New Guinea. 

Th, obstructa (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris ob= 
structa Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 12: 378. 1931. Rardtonga. 

Th, obtusata (v.A.v.R.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, Biol., Bot. 10: 
253. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris obtusata v.A.v.R., Bull. Buit., 
II, No. 28: 22. 1918. Sumatra. 

Th, obtusifolia (Rosenst,) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
obtusifolia Rosenst., Fedde Repert., 10: 336. 1912, New Guinea, 

Th, occulta (Hope) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Nephrodium occultum 
Hope, Journ, Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., 12: 627, t. 13. 1899. N.India. 

Th, ochropteroides (Baker) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., 
No. 5: 62, 1953. Basionvm: Nephrodium ochropteroides Baker, 

Ann, Bot., 5: 325. 1891. Jamaica, Panama - Colombia. 

Th, ochthodes (Kunze) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
300. 1936. Basionym: Aspidium ochthodes Kunze, Linnaea, 2h: 282. 
1851. S. China (Yunnan), Tomkin, Japan, S. India, 

Th, odontosora (Bonap.) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 

10: 253. 1941; Alston, Bol. Soc. Broter., Ser. II, 30: 26. 1956. 
Basionym: Drvyopteris odontosora Bonap., Notes Pterid., 4: 17. 
1917. Guiana, 

*Th, oeningensis (A.Braun) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Goniopteris 
oeeningensis A.Braun in Bruckmann, Jahresb. Ver. Vaterl. Naturk. 
Wirtt., 6: 226, 1850. Synonyms: Lastrea oeningensis (A.Braun) 
Heer, Fl. Tert. Helv., 1: 32, t. 6, f. 3. 1855; Dikstra, Foss. 
Cat, 68: 3905. 1968; Phegopteris oeningensis (A.Braun) Ett., Die 
Farnkr, der Jetztwelt., 196. 1865, Upper Miocene: Rumania, 

Baden (Oeningen), Hungary. 
Th, ogasawarensis (Nakai) H. Ito, ex Honda, Nom, Pl. Jap., 520. 1939. 


Basionym: Dryopteris ogasawarensis Nakai, Rigakkwai 26, Apr. 10 
1928 ey Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 43: 2. 1929. Bonin Isl. : 


298 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. k 


Thelypteris oligocarpa (Humb, et Bonpl. ex Willd.) Ching, Bull. 

Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 253. 1941. SBasionym: Polypodium 
oligocarpum Humb, et Bonpl, ex Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 5: 
201. 1810. West Indies (St. Kitts, Haiti, Jamaica, Cuba), Mexico - 
Costa Rica, Trop. Amer, 

Th. oligocarpa var. crassistipitata (Hieron.) Reed, comb. nov, Basi- 
ory: Aspidium oligocarpum var, crassistipitatum Hieron., Engl. 
Pot. Jahrb., 22: 367.(1896) 1897, Argentina (Tucuman). 

Th. oligodictya (Baker) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Acrostichum 
oligodictyon Baker, Journ, Linn. Soc,, 24: 261, 1887. Synonym: 

ramma angusta Copel., Philip. Journ, Sci., 3C: 348. 1909. 
Holttum, Blumea, 11: 530. 1962). Sarawak, Brunei, 

Th. oligolepia (v.A.v.R.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 
10: 253. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris oligolepia v.A.v.R., Nova 
Guinea, 14: 17. 1924. New Guinea, 

Th. oligophlebia (Baker) Ching, Bull Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot, 6: 
339. 1936. Basionym: Nephrodiwn oligophlebium Baker, Journ, Eot., 
291. 1875. = Th. torresiana, 

Th. oligophlebia var, elegans (Koidz.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, 
Biol., Bot. A: 3329, 241, 1936, Basionym: Dryopteris elegans 
Koidz., Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 38: 108. 1924. = Tr. torresiana. 

Th. cligophlebia var. elegans forma lophaea (Ogata) Namegata et 
Kurata, Enum, Jap, Pterid., 344. 1961. Basionym: Dryopteris 
oligophlebia var. lophaea Ogata, Icon. Fil. Jap., 5: t. 227. 
1933, (Japan). 

Th. oligophlebia var, lasiocarpa (Hayata) H.Itd, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 
52: 589. 1938; Nakai et Honda, Nova Flera Jap., A: 144. 1939. 
Basionym: Dryopteris lasiocarpa Hayata, Journ. Coll. Sci., Univ. 
Tokyo, 30: 417. 191). = Th. torresiana, 

Th. oligophlebia var. subtripinnata (Tagawa) H.Itd, Nova Flora Jap., 
1: 144. 1939. Basionym: Dryopteris elegans var. subtripinnata 
Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 2: 193. 1933. = Th. viridifrons. 

Th. oligophylla (Maxon) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., 

No. 5: 62, 1953. Basionym: Dryopteris oligophylla Maxon, Contrib, 
U. S. Nat. Herb., 10: 489. 1908. = Th. invisa. 

Th, omeigensis (Ching) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Cycloscrus omei- 
gensis Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Bicl., Bot. Ser. II, 1: 289. 

Th. omeiensis (Baker) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
282. 1936, Basionym: Polypodium omeiense Baker, Journ. Bot., 
1888: 229, 1888, Synonyms: Dryopteris izuensis Kodama in Mat- 
sun., Icon. Pl. Koisikav., II: 7, t. 88 1914; Dryopteris pseudc— 
africana Makino et Ogata, Journ. Jap. Bot., 4: 140. 1927; Dryo- 
pteris leveillei Christ, Bull. Geogr. Bot. Man, 1909: Mem, XX, 
176, 1909, China (Szechuan, Kweichow), Taiwan, Japan (Kyushu, 
Honshu). 

Th. oosora (Baker) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Nephrodium oosorum 
Baker, Kew Bull., 1896: 41. 1896. Borneo, 

Th, ophiura (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov., Univ. Calif, Publ. Bot., 

18: 220. 1942, New Guinea. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 299 


Thelypteris opaca (Don) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Hemionitis 
opaca. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal., 13. 1825. Synonym: Gymnogramna 
obtusata Blume, Enum. Pl, Jav., 113. 1628. N. India, Java, 

Th, opposita (Vahl) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 

253. 1941. Basionym: Polypodium oppositum Vahl, Ecloque Amer., 
3: 53. 1807. Synonym: Oochlamys revoirei Fee, Gen. Fil., 297. 
1852. Trop. Amer., Colombia, west Indies. 

Th. oppositifolia (Hook.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Polypodium 
oppositifolium Hook,, Sp. Fil., 5: 8 1863. Guinea, S. Thome, 

Th. oppositiformie (C.Chr., in Bonap.) Ching, Buli. Fan Mem. Inst. 
Biol., Bot. 10: 253. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris oppositiformis 
C.Chr. in Bonap., Notes Pterid., 16: 173, t. 2. 1925, Madagascar, 

Th. oppositipinna (v.A.v.R.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst, Biol., 

Bot. 6: 268. 1936. Basionym: Phegopteris oppositipinna v.A.v.R., 
* Bull. dard, Bot, Buit., Ser. II, 16: 24. 1914. ©, Himalayas to 
Malaya and Sumatra, 

Th, orbicularis (C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
orbicularis C.Chr., Ind, Fil., 281. 1905. Synonyms: Aspidium 
nephrodioides Hook., Sp. Fil., 4: 42, t. 235. 1862, non Klotzsch., 
16,7; Aspidium hookeri Baker, Syn. Fil., 257. 1867, non Wall. 
1829 nee Klotsch, 1647. Malesia. 

Th. oregana (C,Chr.) H. St. John, Proc. Biol. Soc, Wash., 4l: 192. 
1928. Basionym: Dryopteris oregana C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 286. 

1905. = Th, nevadensis, 

Th. oreopteris (Ehrh, in Willd.) Slosson ex Rydb., Flora Rocky Mts., 
1043. 1917, Basionym: Polypodium oreopteris Ehrh. (in Willéd., 
Prodr., 292. 1787) Beitr. Naturk. Verw. Wiss., 4: Ay . 1789. = 
Th, limbosperma, 

Th. oreopteris (var.) hesperia Slosson ex Rydb., Flora Rocky Mts., 
1044. 1917. = Th, limbosperma, 

Th. organensis (Rosenst.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 
10: 253. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris organensis Rosenst., Fedde 
Repert., 20: 91. 1924. Brazil. 

Th, ornata (Wall. ex Bedd.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 
5: 346. 1936. Basionym: Polypodium ornatum Wal]. ex Bedd., 
Ferns S, India, t. 171. 1864. (= Th. setigera ?). India, Burma, 
Taiwan, 

Th. orthocaulis (K.Iwats.) Reed, comb. nov, RBasionyn: Cytlosorus 
orthocaulis K.Iwats., Amer. Fern Journ., 53: 135, t. 9. 1963. 
Tonga. 

Th. ovata R.P.St.John in Small, Ferns S.E. States, 230, tab. 1938. 
Florida, Alabama, Georgia. 

Th. ovata (var.) harperi (C.Chr.) R.P.St. John in Small, Ferns S.E. 
States, 233. 1938. Basionym: Dryopteris normalis var. harperi 
C.Chr., Dansk, Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 10: 182, 1913. = Th. kunthii. 

Th. oxyoura (Copel,) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris oxyoura 
Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 60: 107, t. 12. 1936. Solomon Isls. 

Th. pachyrachis (Kunze ex Mett.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst, Biol., 
Bot. 10: 253. 1941; Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., 5: 
62. 1953, Basionym: Aspidium pachyrachis Kunze ex Mett., Pheer. u. 
Asp., 83, n. 199, 1858, Trop Amer., Colombia, Veneguela. 


300 P HOSP Ort Ore at & Vol. 17, no. 


Thelypterie pachyrachis var, bogatensis (C.Chr.) Alston, Journ, 
Wash, Acad, Sci., 48(7): 233. 1958, Basionym: Dryopteris pachy- 
rachis var, bogatensis C.Chr., Kgl. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 
4: 306, 1907, Colombia. 

Th, pachyrachis var, jenmani (Baker) Proctor, Bull. Inst, Jamaica, 
Sci, Ser., No. 5: 63, 1953. Basionym: Nephrodium jenmani Baker 
ex Jenm,, Journ, Bot,, 15: 263. 1877. Jamaica. 

Th. pacifica Reed, nom, nov, Basionym: Polypodium clarkei Saker, 
Ann. Bot., 5: 457, 1891, non Pleocnemia clarkei Bedd,, 1876. 
Hawaiian Isls. 

Th, palauensis (Hosok.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Meniscium palau~ 
ense Hosok., Trans, Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 28: 148, 1938, Palau 
Isl, 

Th, palawanensis Reed, nom, nov, Basionym: Cyclosorus subdimor- 

hus Copel., Philip. Journ, Sci., 81: 38. 1952. Philippine Isls, 
(palavan). 

Th, paleata (Copel.) Holtt., Rev. Fl. Mal., 2: 249, f. 141. (195k) 
1955. Basionym: Dryopteris paleata Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 
9C: 228, 1914. Sumatra, Borneo, Malaya, 

*Th, paleoelegans Reed, nom. nov, Basionym: Pecopteris arguta 
Brongn., Hist. Veg. Foss., 1: 303, t. 108, f. 3. 1828, non As~ 
pidium arguta Kauvlf., 1824. Synonyms: Phegopteris arguta (Brongn.) 
Ett., Die Farnkr. der Jetztwelt, 195. 1865; Pecopteris elegans 
Germar, Petref., 39, t. 15. 1844, non Pecopteris elegans Sternb., 
1821; Polypodites elegans (Germar) Goepp., Syst. Fil. Foss., 344, 
t. 15, f. 10. 1836; Unger, Gen. et Sp. Pl. Foss., 168 1850. Car- 
boniferous: France, Germany; Rhode Island, Aff. Th. decussata 
et Th, meniscioides. 

Th, pallescens (Brause) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, Biol., Bot. 10: 
253. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris pallescens Brause, Engl. Bot, 
Jahrb., 56: 88, 1920, New Guinea. 

Th, paludosa (Blume) K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 19: Ll. 1961. 
Basionym: Aspidium paludosum Blume, Fnum, Pl. Jav., 1638, 1828, 
Synonyms: Polypodium pyrrhorhachis Kunze, Linnaea, 24: 257. 1851; 
Polypodium distans D.Don, Prodr, Fl. Nepal., 2. 1825, non Kaulf, 
1824; Dryopteris brunnea Wall. ex C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 255. 1905; 
Dryopteris somai Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos., 5: 287. 1915; Dryo- 
pteris christii Lév., Fl. Kouy—Tscheou, 491. 1915; Dryopteris 
hirtirachis C.Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl., II: 15. 1917. Malaysia, 

N. India — Taiwan, S. China, Tonkin, Luzon, Polynesia. 

Th. palustris Schott, Gen, Fil. in Obs. sub t. 10. 1834. Synonym: 
Acrostichum thelypteris L., Sp. Pl., 2: 1071. 1753; Polypodium 
palustre Salisb,, Prodr., 403. 1796 (nom, illegit.). Semi- 
cosmopolitan (Europe, Algeria, Asia temp., Himalaya, Cent. China, 
S. India, Atl. N. Amer,, Trop. Africa, New Zealand). (An Th. con-= 
fluens (Thunb.) Morton, 1967). 

Th, palustris forma afurcata Clute, Our Ferns, 151, 387. 1938. = Th. 
palustris var. pubescens, 

Th, palustris forma glabra H.It6 in Nakai et Honda, Nova Flora 
Jap., 1: 127 (nota). 1939. Burope, Manchuria, Korea. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 301 


Thelypteris palustris var, haleana Fernald, Rhodora, 31: 34. 1929. 
Florida to Louisiana, N to Pennsylvania; Bermuda, 

Th, palustris forma pubescens (Lawson) Clute, Our Ferns, 152, 387. 
1938, Basionym: Lastrea thelypteris (* pubescens Lawson, Edinb. 
New Phil. Journ,, n.s., 19: 277. 1864. = Th. palustris var, 

Th, palustris var. pubescens (Lawson) Fernald, Rhodora, 31: 3h, t. 
160, 1929, Basionym: Lastrea thelypteris (* pubescens Lawson, 
Edinb, New Phil, Journ., n.so, 19: 277. 1864. Newfoundland to 
Manitoba, S to Georgia and Oklahoma; N.E.Asia (Kamtschatka). 

Th, palustris var. pubescens forma linearis (Farwell) Reed, comb, 
nov, Basionym: Filix thelypteris var. linearis Farwell, Papers 
Mich, Acad, Sci., 2: 14. 1923. Michigan. 

Th. palustris var, pubescens forma pufferae (A.A.Eaton) Reed, comb. 
nov, Basionym: Nephrodium thelypteris forma pufferas A.A.Eaton, 
Fern Bull., 10: 78. 1902. E,. Massachusetts, 

Th. palustris var. pubescens forma suaveolens (Clute) Reed, comb. 
nov, Basionym: Nephrodium thelypteris forma suaveolens Clute, 
Fern Bull., 18: 87, 1910. Nowa Scotia, New Hampshire, 

Th. palustris forma pufferae (A.A.Haton) L.B.Smith, Hhodora, 30: 
iB. 1928, Basionym: Nephrodium thelypteris forma pufferae 
A.A Baton, Fern Bull., 10: 78 1902. = Th. palustris var. pubes= 
cens forma. 

Th. palustris var, squamigera (Schlecht.) Weatherby in Johnston, 
Contrib. Gray Herb., 73: 40. 1924; Tard., Mem, IFAN, 28: 119, 
t. 20, f. 7-3. 1953. Basionym: Aspidium thelypteris var. squa- 
migerum Schlecht., Adumbr., 23, t. 11. 1825. = Th, confluens, 

Th, palustris forma suaveolens (Clute) Fernald, Rhodora, 23: 165. 
1921, Basionym: Nephrodium thelypteris forma suaveolens Clute, 
Fern Bull., 18: 87. 1910. = Th. palustris var, pubescens forma, 

Th, palustris Schott, var. typica; Fernald, Rhodora, 31: 33. 1929. 

Th, panamensis (Presl) E.P.St. John, Amer, Fern Journ., 26: 44. 
1936. Basionym: Nephrodium panamense Presl, Rel. Haenk., 1: 
35. 1825, (Mexico-Panama, Cuba, Jamaica). = Th. resinifera. 

Th, papilio (Hope) K.Iwats., Mem, Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B, 
31(3): 175. 1965, Basionym: Nephrodium papilio Hope, Journ, 
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 12: 625, t. 12. 1899, Himalaya, Sikkim, 
N, India, Assam, Ceylon, Taiwan. 

Th. papyracea (Bedd.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Nephrodium papy- 
raceum Bedd,, Handb, Suppl., 69. 1892. N. India. 

Th, paraphysata (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
paraphysata Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., Bot. 6: 74. 1911. New 
Guinea. 

Th. parasitica (L.) Tard, in Tard. et C.Chr,, Not. Syst., Paris, 
7: 75. 1938; Fosberg, Occ. Pap. Bish, Mus., 23(2): 30. 1962; 
K.Iwats,, Journ, Jap. Bot., 38: 315. 1963. Basionym: Polypodium 
parasiticum L., Sp. Pl., 2: 1090. 1753. Synonym: Dryopteris 
mollis var, subglabra Hosok., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos,, 
26: 78 1936, Southeast Asia, China (Yunnan, Kwangtung), S. 
Japan, Taiwan, Caroline Isls., New Zealand, trop. and subtrop. 
Atl, Isls. 


302 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 


Thelypteris parasitica forma boninensis (H.Ito) Reed, comb, nov, 
Basionym: Cyclosorus parasiticus forma boninensis H.Ito, Bot. 
Mag. Tokyo, 51: 727. 1937. Bonin Isls. 

Th, parasitica var. formosana (Ching) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: 
Cyclosorus parasiticus var. formosanus Ching, Bull, Fan Mem, 
Inst. Biol., Bot. 8: 205. 1938. Taiwan. 

Th. parasitica forma latiloba (H.Itd) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: 
Cyclosorus parasiticus forma latilobus H.It6, Bot, Mag. Tokyo, 
513 Velie 1937. Bonin Isls, 

Th, parasitica forma pilosissima (H.Itc) Reed, comb, nov, Basio~ 
nym: Cyclosorus parasiticusforma pilosissimis H.Its, Bot. Mag. 
Tokyo, 51: 727. 1937. Japan (Ryukyus). 

Th. parasitica forma subglabra (Hosok,) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: 
Dryopteris mollis var. subglabra Hosok., Trans, Nat. Hist. Soc. 
Formos., 26: 78 1936, Japan (Sikoku, Kyushu, Ryukyus). 

Th, parathelypteris (Christ) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, Bicl., 
Bot. 6: 314. 1936. Basionym: Aspidium parathelypteris Christ, 
Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 52 (Mem, 1): 36. 1905. China. 

Th, paripinnata (Cepel.) Reed, comb. noy. Basionym: Dryopteris 
paripinnata Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 220. 1942. 

New Guinea, 

Th. patens (Swartz) Small, Ferns S.E. States, 243, 475, tab. 1938, 
Basionym: Polypedium patens Swartz, Prodr., 133. 1788. West 
Indies, Mexico to Argentina and Paraguay, Galapagos Isls. 

Th, patens var. dependens (C.Chr.) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, 
Sci. Ser., No. 5: 63. 1953. Basionym: Dryopteris patens var. 
dependens C.Chr., Dansk Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 10: 178. 1913, 
Jamaica, 

Th. pauciflora (Hook.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Meniscium pauci- 
florum Hook., Sp. Fil., 5: 164. 1964. (Menisorus Alston, 1956). 
Trop. West Africa, 

Th, paucinervata (C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
paucinervata C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 283. 1905. Synonym: Pelypedium 
oligophlebium Baker in Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil., 506, 1&7, nen 


P, oligophlebium Kunze, 1850. Peru. 
Th, paucipinnata (Donn. Smith) Reed, cemb. nov, Basionym: Nephre=- 


dium fendleri var. paucipinnatum Donn,Smith, Bot. Gaz., 12: 134. 
1887, Guatemala, Synonym: Dryopteris donnell=smithii Maxon, 
Contrib, U.S. Nat. Herb., 13: 19. 1909. 

Th. pavoniana (Klotzsch) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 7. (Mar. 31). 1967; 
Crabbe, Brit. Fern Gaz., 9(8): 318. 1967, Basionym: Polypodium 
pavonianum Klotzsch, Linnaea, 20: 386. 1847. Peru. 

Th. pectiniformis (C.Chr.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biel., Bot. 
10: 253. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris pectiniformis C.Chr., Gard. 
Bull. Straits Settlements, 4: 379. 1929. Malaya, Perak. 

Th. pectiniformis var, eglandulosa Reed, nom, nov. Rachis et costae 
eglandulosae, Malaya. (Holtt., Rev. Fl. Mal., 2: 254. (1954) 
1955, nom, illegit.). 

Th, pectiniformis var, hirsuta Reed, nom. nov. Pinnae subtus hir~ 
sutae. Malaya, Padang. (Holtt., Rev. Fl. Mal., 2: 254. (1954) 
1955, nom, illegit.). 


1968 Reed, Index T, elypteridis 303 


Thelypteris peltata (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryo-= 
pteris peltata v.A.v.R., Bull. Jard, Bot. Buit., II, No. 16: 12. 
1914, Sumatra. 

Th, peltochlamys (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
peltochlamys C.Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark., 9: 65. 1937. Sumatra, Java, 
Malaya. 

Th, penangiana (Hook,) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Polypodium penan~ 
gianum Hook., Sp. Fil., 5: 13 (panangianum). 1363. China, No 
India, Penang. 

Th, pennata (Poir. in Lam.) Morton, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb,, 38(2): 
64. 1967, Basionym: Polypodium pennatum Poir, in Lam., Encycl. 
Meth., 5: 535. 1804. Synonyms: Polypodium megalodus Schkuhr, Kr. 
Gew., 1: 24, t. 19b. 1806; Thelypteris megalodus Proctor, 1953. 
Trop, Amer. 

Th, pennigera (G.Forst.) Allan, Fl. N. Zeal., 51. 1961. Basionym: 
Polypodium pennigerum G.Forst. f., Prodr., 82. 1786. New Zea- 
land, Polynesia, Philippine Isls. 

Th. pentaphylla (Resenst,) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
pentaphylla Resenst., Fedde Repert., 12: 529. 1913. New Guinea, 

Th, perakensis (Bedd,) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Aspidium pera- 
kense Bedd., Journ, Bot., 188&: 4, 1888, Perak, 

Th, perglandulifera (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryo= 
pteris perglandulifera v.A.v.R., Bull, Buit., III, 2: 150. 1920. 
Sumatra. 

Th. peripae (Sodiro) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Nephrodium peripae 
Sedire, Rec., 52. 1883; Crypt. Vasc, qQuit., 265. 1893. Ecuador, 

Th, perpilifera (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
perpilifera v.A.v.Re, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit., II, No. 11: 12, 
1913, New Guinea. 

Th. perpubescens (Alston) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
perpubescens Alston, Journ. Bot., 78: 227. 1940 (Oct.); Nova 
Guinea, Ser, 2, 4: 111, t. 8. 1940 (Dec.). New Guinea, 

Th. perstrigosa (Maxon) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 

10: 253. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris perstrigosa Maxon, Kew 
Bull., 1932: 135, 1932. Colombia. 

Th. peruviana (Rosenst.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 7. 1967. Basionym: 
Dryopteris peruviana Rosenst., Fedde Repert., 7: 298. 1909. Peru. 

Th, petelotii Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, Biol., Bot. 6: 326. 

1936, Tonkin, 

Th, petrophila (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
petrophila Copel., Univ. Calif, Pub]., Bote, 18: 220, 1942. 

New Guinea, 

Th, phacelothrix (C.Chr. et Rosenst. ex Rosenst.) Tryon, Rhodora, 
69: 7. 1967. Basionym: Dryopteris phacelothrix C.Chr, et Rosen- 
st. ex Rosenst,, Fedde Repert., ll: 56. 1912, Bolivia. 

Th. phegopteris (L.) Slosson ex Rydb., Flora Rocky Mts., 1043. 
1917. Basionym: Polypodium phegopteris L., Sp. Pl., 2: 1089, 
1753. Synonym: Phegopteris polypodioides Fée, Gen. Fil., 243. 
1850-1252. Newfoundland to Alaska, S to Pennsylvania, in mts, 
to W. N.C. and E. Tenn,, west to Washington; Aleutians; Greene 
land; Iceland, Siberia; N and NW China; N, India; Asia Minor; 
northern Europe, 


304 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 


Thelypteris philippina (Presl) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., 
Bot. 10: 253. 1941. Basionym: Physematium philippinum Presl, 
Epim, Bot., 34. 1849. Philippine Isls, 

Th, physematioides (Kuhn et Christ ex Krug in Urban) Morton, Amer, 
Fern Journ., 43: 174. 1953. Basionym: Aspidium physematioides 
Kuhn et Christ ex Krug in Urban, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 24: 115. 
1897. Hispaniole,. 

Th, piedrensis (C.Chr,) Morton, Amer, Fern Journ., 53: 69. 1963. 
Basionym: Dryopteris piedrensis C.Chr., Smiths, Misc, Coll., 
52: 372. 1909, Cuba, Puerto Rico. 

Th, pilosa (Martens & Gal.) Crawford, Amer. Fern Journ,, 41: 16, 
t. 3a. 1951. Basionym: Gymnogramma pilosa Martens et Gal., 
Mem, Acad, Brux., 15: 27, t. 4, f. 1. 1842. Mexico—Guatemala, 

Th, pilosa var, alabamensis Crawford, Amer, Fern Journ., 41: 19- 
20, t. 3b. 1951. Alabama; Mexico. 

Th, pilosa var. major (Fourn,) Crawford, Amer, Fern Journ,, 41: 
19, t. 4. 1951. Basionym: Gymnogramma pilosa war, major Fourn., 
Mex. Pl., 1:.73. 1872; Gymnogramma procurrens Fée, Mém, Foug. 
8: 78, 1857; G. tctta var. procurrens Baker in Hook, et Baker, 
187 (illegit.); Dryopteris pilosa var. procurrens C.Chr., 1913 
(illegit.). Mexico-Guatemala, 

Th, pilosissima Morton, Fieldiana, 28: 11-12, 1951. Venezuela. 

Th. pilosiuscula (Zippel ex Racib.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: 
Nephrodium pilosiusculum Zippel ex Racib,, Pterid. Buit., 189, 
1898, Java. 

Th. piloso-hispida (Hook.) Alston, Journ, Wash. Acad. Sci., 48(7): 
233. 1958. Basionym: Nephrodium piloso—hispidum Hook., Sp. 
Fil., 4: 105, 1862, Mexico - Bolivia, Colombia. 

Th, piloso—squamata (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris piloso-squamata v.A.v.R., Bull. Dept. Agric. Ind. Neerl., 
21: 4. 1908, New Guinea, 

Th, pilosula (Mett.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 7. 1967. Basionym: As- 
pidium pilosulum Mett., Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips., 130. 1856; As- 
idium lasiesthes Mett., 1856, non Aspidium lasiethes Kunze, 
1850 (nom, nud.); non Aspidium pilosulum Wall., 1829 (nom. 

nud,). Mexico—Peru. 

Th, pinnata (Copel.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
253. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris pinnata Copel., Univ. Calif. 
Publ. Bot., 14: 373. 1929. Sumatra. 

Th, pittieri (C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris pit- 
tieri C.Chr., Smiths, Misc, Coll., 52: 393. 1909. Colombia, 

Th, pittsfordensis (Slosson) Victorin, Fil. Quebec, 2: 51. 1933. 
Basionym: Dryopteris pittsfordensis Slosson, Rhodora, 6: 75. 
1904. (Vermont, Quebec). = Dryopteris. 

Th, platensis Abbiatti, Darwiniana, 13(2-4): 553, f. 5, t. 3. 
1964. Argentina, 

Th, platyptera (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
platyptera Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 219. 1942. 

New Guinea. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 305 


Thelypteris plumosa (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris plumosa C.Chr., Dansk. Bot. Ark., 9(3): 65-66. 1937. 
Borneo. 

Th, plurifolia (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
plurifolia v.A.v.R., Bull. Buit., III, 5: 201. 1922, Sumatra. 

Th. poecilophlebia (Hook.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Polypodium 
poecilophlebium Hook., Sp. Fil., 5: 14. 1863. Australia. 

Th. poiteana (Bory) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., No. 

5: 63. 1953. Basionym: Lastrea poiteana Bory, Dict. Class., 
9: 233. 1826. Synonym: Polypodium crenatum Swartz, Prodr., 132. 
1788, non Forsk., 1775. Trop. Amer., Jamaica, Galapagos Isls. 

Th. polycarpa (Blume) K.Iwats., Mem, Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, Ser. 
B, 31(1): 32. 1964. Basionym: Aspidium polycarpon Blume, Enun. 
Pl. Jav., 156. 1828, Synonym: Sphaerestephanos asplenioides J.Sm., 
in Hook, et Bauer, Gen, Fil., 21. 1839. Malaysia, Thailand Pen. 

Th, polyotis (C.Chr., ex Kjellb. et C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov, Basio- 
nym: Dryo — polyotis C.Chr. ex Kjellb. et C.Chr., Engl. Bot, 
Jahrb., : 46. 1933, Celebes. 

Th. polyphlebia (C.Chr.) Morton, Amer, Fern Journ., 51: 38 1961. 
Basionym: Dryopteris polyphlebia C.Chr., Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 
10: 161, f. 19. 1913. Costa Rica — Andes of Quito, Ecuador. 

Th, polyphylla (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
polyphylla Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 19: 288, t. 37. 
1941, Mexico, 

Th, polypodicides (Raddi) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Ceterach 
polypodioides Raddi, Opusce. Sci. Bol., 3: 284. 1819; Fl. Bras., 
1: 10, t. 22. 1825. Brazil. 

Th. polyptera (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus poly— 
pterus Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 84: 161. 1955, Philippine 
Isls (Negros). 

Th. ponapeana (Hosak.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Phegopteris pona- 
peana Hosak., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 26: 233. 1936. 
Caroline Isls (Ponape). 

Th. porphyricola (Copel.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 

6: 287. 1936. Basionym: Dryopteris porphyricola Copel., Philip. 
Journ, Sci,, 7C: 60. 1912, Borneo, Sarawak, Malaya. 

Th. porphyrophlebia (Christ) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Aspidium 
porphyrophlebium Christ, Bull. Acad, Geogr. Bot. Mans, 1904: 
117. 1904. China, 

Th, pozoi (Lagasca) Morton, Bull. Soc. Bot, France, 106: 234. 1959. 
Basionym: Hemionitis pozoi Lagasca, Nov. Gen. et Sp., 33. 1816. 
Synonyms: P Polypodium tottum Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. IV, 5: 
201. 1810, non Thunb., > 1800; Acrostichum pilosiusculum Wikstr., 
Kgl. Vet. Acad, Handl., 1825: 439, 1826: Polypodium africanum 
Desv., Mem, Soc, Linn, Paris, 6: 239. 1826; Polypodium eliasii 
Sennen et Pau, Bull. Soc. Geogr. Bot. Mans, 1910: 94. 1910. Spain, 
Madeira, Azores, S. Africa, N. India-China, Korea, Japan, Malesia. 

Th. pozoi subsp. himalaica (Ching) Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 56(4): 
179. 1966. Basionym: Leptogramma himalaica Ching, Sinensia, 7: 
100. 1936. India, Himalaya. 


306 PET T ODO0OGTI & Vol. 17, no. k 


Thelypteris pozoi subsp. mollissima (Kunze) Morton, Amer. Fern 
Journ,, 56(4): 178, 1966, Basionym: Gymnogramna totta var, mol- 
lissima Kunze, Linnaea, 24: 249. 1851; G, mollissima Fischer ex 
Kunze, Linnaea, 23: 255, 310. 1850 (nom, nud.). N. India, Cey- 
lon, S. China, S, Korea, Japan, Ryukyus. 

Th, prenticei (Carr, in Seem,) Alston, Amer. Fern Journ., 45: 120, 
1955. Basionym: Lastrea prenticei Carr. in Seem,, Fl. Vit., 
359. 1873, Fiji, Samoa, 

Th. prismatica (Desv.) Schelpe, Bol, Soc, Broter., Ser. 2A, 41: 
217. 1967 (1968). Basionym: Nephrodium prismaticum Desv., Mem. 
Soc, Linn, Paris, 6: 256. 1827, Mascarenes, Madagascar, 

Th. procurrens (Mett.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Aspidium pro- 
currens Mett., Ann. Ludg. Bat., 1: 231. 1864, Java, Celebes, 
N,. India, 

Th. producta (Kaulf,) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium 
ductum Kaulf., Enum,, 237. 1824, Philippine Isls. Scisieoetian 

Th, prolifera (Retz.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Hemionitis 
proliferum Retz., Obs., 6: 38. 1791. Synonyms: Meniscium pro- 
liferum (Retz.) Swartz, Syn. Fil., 19, 207. 1806; elopteris 
elegans Kunze, Bot. Zeit., 6: 114, 1848; A. prolifera (Retz.) 
Copel., Gen. Fil., 144. 1947. S. China, N. India, Trop. Africa, 
Malesia, Polynesia, Mascarenes, Australia. 

Th. prolixa (Willd, in L.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 
10: 254. 1941, Basionym: Aspidium prolixum Willd, in L. Sp. 
Pl., ed. 4, 52 251. 1810. India, Trop. Africa, Mascarenes, 

Th. prominula (Christ) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Aspidium pro- 
minulum Christ, Bull. Boiss., 4: 659. 1896. Costa Rica. 

Th. protecta (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris pro- 
tecta Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 221. 1942, New Guinea. 

Th, pseudarfakiana (Hosak.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Phegopteris 
pseudarfakiana Hosak,, Trans, Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos., 28: 147. 
1938. Palau Isl. 

Th. pseudogueintziana (R.Bonap.) Alston, Ferns W. Trop. Afr., 61. 
1959, Basionym: Dryopteris pseudogueintziana R, Bonap., Bull. 
Jard, Bot. Brux., 4: 4. 1913. S. Africa, Cameroun, Madagascar, 

Th. pseudohirsuta (Rosenst.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
pseudohirsuta Rosenst., Med. Rijks Herb. No. 31: 7. 1917. 
Philippine Isls. 

Th, pseudoparasitica (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris pseudoparasitica v.A.v.R., Nova Guinea, 14: 19, 1924. 
New Guinea. 

Th, pseudoreptans (C.Chr., Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
pseudoreptans C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 286. 1905. Synonym: Nephrodium 
debile Baker, Journ. Bot., 1880: 212. 1880. Sumatra, 

Th, “pseudosancta (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
pseudosancta C.Chr., Smiths, Misc, Coll., 52: 378. 1909. 

Costa Rica — Guatemala. 

Th. pseudostenobasis (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris pseudostenobasis Copel., Journ. Arnold Arb., 10: 176. 
1929. New Guinea, 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 307 


Thelypteris ptarmica (Kunze ex Mett.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: 
Aspidium ptarmicum Kunze ex Mett., Pheg. u. Asp., 80, n. 191. 
1858. S. Brazil, 

Th, ptarmiciformis (C.Chr. et Rosenst. ex Rosenst.) Reed, comb. nov, 
Basionym: Dryopteris ptarmicifomris C.Chr, et Rosenst. ex Rosen- 
st., Fedde Repert., 12: 472. 1913. Bolivia, 

Th, pterifolia (Mett. ex Kuhn) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidiun 
pterifolium Mett, ex Kuhn, Linnaea, 36: 110, 1869, Synonym: As- 
pidium gleichenioides Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss., II, 4: 960. 
1904. Guatemala, Colombia, Bolivia. 

Th. pteroidea (Klotzsch) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 8. 1967. Basionym: 
Polypodium pteroideum Klotzsch, Linnaea, 20: 389. 1847. Colom- 
bia—Fcuador=Brazil. 

Th, pterospora (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
pterospora v.A.v.R., Bull. Buit., III, 2: 148. 1920. Sumatra, 
Th, puberula (Bak. in Hook, et Bak.) Morton, Amer, Fern Journ., 48: 

138. (1958) 1959. Basionym: Nephrodium puberulum Bak. in Hook, 
et Bak., Syn. Fil., ed. 2, 495. 1874, non Aspidium puberulum 
Fée, Mém, Foug. 10: 40. 1865 (illegit. nom.), nec As. puberulum 
Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot., 342. 1827. Centr. Amer., Mexico. 

Th. pubescens (L.) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci, Ser., No. 5: 
63. 1953. Basionym: Polypodium pubescens L., Syst. Nat., ed. 
10, 2: 1327. 1759, West Indies, Jamaica, 

Th, pubirachis (Bak.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Nephrodium pubi- 
rachis Bak., Journ. Bot., 1876: 344. 1876, Fiji, Samoa. 

Th, pusilla (Mett. in Triana et Planch.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. 
Biol., Bot. 10: 254. 1941. Basionym: Aspidium pusillum Mett. in 
Triana et Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat., V, 2: 245. 1864. Colombia. 

Th. pustulosa (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus pus- 
tulosus Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 81: 37. 1952. Philippine 

Isls. (Luzon, Mindoro). 

Th. quadrangularis (Fee) Schelpe, Journ. S. Afr. Bot., 30(4): 196. 
1964. Basionym: Nephrodium quadrangulare Fée, Gen, Fil., 30€. 
1850-52. Synonym: Dryopteris contigua Rosenst., Med. Rijks Herb., 
No. 31: 8. 1917. Pantropical: Borneo, Brit. Guiana, Africa (Mo- 
cambique, Zambesia, Ivory Coast, Oubangui). 

Th. quadriaurita (Christ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
quadriaurita Christ, Philip. Journ, Sci., 2C: 209. 1907. New 
Guinea, Philippine Isls (Mindanao). 

Th. quadricquetra (v.A.v.R.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 
10: 254. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris quadriquetra v.A.v.R., 

Nova Guinea, 14: 16. 1924, New Guinea, 

Th. quaylei (E.Brown in E, et F. Brown) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. 
Biol., Bot. 10: 254. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris quaylei E.Brown 
in E, et F. Brown, Bernice P, Bishop Mus, Bull., 89: 28, f. 9. 
1931. Marquesas. 

Th. quelpaertensis (Christ in Lev.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst, 
Biol., Bot. 6: 328. 1936, Basionym: Dryopteris quelpaertensis 
Christ in Lev., Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. Mans, 7. 1910. Synonyms: 
Nephrodium montanum var, fauriei Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss., 4: 
671. 1896; Dryopteris christiana Kodama ex Koidz., Bot. Mag. 
Tokyo, 38: 107. 1924. Korea, Aleutian Isls., Kamtschatka. 


308 P Hee tO a7 Ose De Vol. 17, no. 


Thelypteris quelpaertensis var, yakumontana (Masam,) Tagawa, Acta 
Phytotax, Geobot., 5: 196. 1936. Basionym: opteris yaku- 
montana Masam., Journ, Soc, Trop. Agr. Formos., 4: 76. 1932. 
Taiwan, Kyushu, 

Th. rampans (Bak.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Nephrodium rampans 
Bak,., Journ, Bot., 1889: 177. 1889. Centr. China. 

Th, randallii Maxon et Morton, in Morten, Amer. Fern Journ., 53: 
69. 1963. Jamaica, 

Th, recumbens (Rosenst. ) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
recumbens Rosenst., Hedwigia, 46: 123. 1906. S. Brazil. 

Th, reducta Small, Ferns S.E. States, 254, illus. 1938. (Florida). 
= Dryopteris, 

Th, reederi (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus reed= 
eri Copel., Amer, Fern Journ., 43: 12. 1953. New Guinea, 

Th, refracta (Fisch, et Mey. ex Kunze) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: 
Polypodium refractum Fisch, et Mey. ex Kunze, Linnaea 23: 283, 
321. 1850, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina. 

Th, regis (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris regis 
Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ.. Bot., 18: 220. 1942. New Guinea, 

*Th, reichiana (Pres] in Sternb.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: 
Pecopteris reichiana Presl in Sternb., Flora der Vorwelt, 2: 
155, t. 37, f. 2. 1838. Synonyms: Aspidium reichianum Ett., 
Die Farnkr. der Jetztwelt, 197. 1865; Pecopteris striata Sternb., 
Flora der Yorwelt, 2: 155, t. 37, f. 3-4. 1838. Upper Creta- 
ceous (Senonian): Bavaria, Saxony. Aff. Th. ligulata. 

Th. remotipinna (Bonap.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
remotpinnna Bonap., Notes Pterid., 5: 57. 1917. Madagascar, 
Th, remotipinnata (Hayata) Alston in Koie et Reching., Biol. Skr. 
Danske Vid. Selsk., 10(3): 10. 1959, Basionym: Dryopteris remo- 

tipinnata Hayata, Gen. Ind. Fl. Formosa, 108. 1917. Sachalin- 
Manchuria~Mpngolia, N & E China, 

Th, repandula (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Drvopteris re- 
pandula v.A.v.R., Nova Guinea, 14: 20. 1924. New Guinea. 

Th. repens (Hope) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 304. 
1936, Basionym: Nephrodium repens Hope, Journ. Bombay Nat. 
Hist. Soc., 21: 535. 1899. Himayala — Tonkin. 

Th. reptans (J.F.Gmel.) Morton, Fieldiana, 28(1): 12. 1951; Amer, 
Fern Journ., 41: 87. 1951. Basionym: Polypodium reptans J.F. 
Gmel., Syst. Nat., 2(2): 1309. 1791. Florida - Brazil, Vene- 
zuela, Jamaica. 

Th. reptans var. tenera (Fee) Proctor, Rhodora, 61: 306. (1959) 
1960, Basionym: Goniopteris tenera Fée, 11 Mem. Foug., 60, 
tovdS, f.3. 1666, Guadeloupe. 

Th. resinifera (Desv.) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci, Ser., 
No. 5: 63. 1953. Basionym: Polypodium resiniferum Desv., Berl. 
Mag., 5: 317. 1811. Synonyms: Nephrodium panamense Presl, Rel. 
Haenk., 1: 35. 1825; Nephrodium caribaeum Jenm., Journ, Bot., 
24: 270. 1886; Lastrea normalis Copel., Gen. Fil., 139. 1947. 
West Indies, Mexico — Panama, 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 309 


Thelypteris resinifera var. promixa (C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov, Basi- 
onym: Dryopteris panamensis var. proxima C.Chr., Smiths. Misc. 
Coll., 52: 377. 1909. Mexico. 

Th. resinosofoetida (Hook.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 
10: 254. 1941. Basionym: Nephrodium resinosofoetidum Hook., Sp. 
Fil., 4: 105. 1862. Costa Rica - Bolivia. 

Th. reticulata (L.) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., No. 5: 
63. 1953. Basionym: Polypodium reticulatum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 
10, 2: 1325. 1759. Trop, Amer., Jamaica, 

Th, retusa (Swartz) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Polypodium retusum 
Swartz, Vet. Akad, Handl., 1817: 61. 1817; Lindm., Ark, f. Bot., 
Vee i gobs. 10, re 12s, 1903, + Brazil, 

Th, rhombea (Christ) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: opteris diver- 
siloba var. acrostichoides subvar. rhombea Christ, Philip. Journ. 
Sci,, Bot. 20s 200. 1907. Philippine Isle., Celebes,. 

Th, rigida (Ridl.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Goniopteris rigida 
Ridl,, Trans, Linn, Soc., II. Bot., 9: 258. 1916. Synonym: 
Phegopteris wollastonii v.A.v.i., Mal. Ferns Suppl., 515. 1917. 
New Guinea, 

Th, rigidifolia (v.A.v.R.) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 
10: 254. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris rigidifolia v.A.v.R., Nova 
Guinea, 14: 18, 1924. New Guinea, 

Th. rimbachii (Rosenst.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
rimbachii Rosenst,, Fedde Repert., 7: 147. 1909. Ecuador, 

Th, riograndensis (Lindm,) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Polypodium 
riograndense Lindm,, Ark, f.Bot,, 1: 230, t. 9, f. 6. 1903. 

S, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay. 

Th, riopardensis (Rosenst.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
riopardensis. Ros,,Hedw,,46: 121, 1906, S. Brazil. 

Th. riparia (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris riparia 
Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 221. 1942. New Guinea, 

Th. rivulariformis (Rosenst.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryo— 
pteris rivulariformis Rosenst., Fedde Repert., 6: 316. 1909. 
Synonym: Dryopteris stenophylla Rosenst., Fedde Repert., 5: 

233. 1908 Bolivia. 

Th, rivularioides (Fée) Abbiatti, Rev. Mus. LaPlata, Ser II, Bot., 
9: 19. 1958. Basionym: Aspidium rivularioides Fee, Crypt. Vasc. 
Pl., 1: 148, t. 50, f. 1. 1869. S. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, 
Argentina, 

Th, rivularioides var. arechavaletae (Hieron.) Abbiatti, Darwiniana, 
13(2-4): 566. 1964. Basionym: Aspidium arechavaletae Hieron., 
Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 22: 370. 1896 (1897). Uruguay. 

Th. rivularioides var. pseudomontana (Hieron,) Abbiatti, Darwiniana, 
13(2=): 566. 1964. Basionym: Aspidium pseudomontaum Hieron., 
Engl, Bot. Jahrb., 22: 373. 1896 (1897). Argentina, S, Brazil. 

Th, robertiana (Hoffm.) Slosson ex Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts., 1044. 
1917. Basionym: Polypodium robertianum Hoffm., Deutsch, Fl., 

2: 20, 1795, = Gymocarpiunm, 


310 P ReaD ON Oi Tak Vol. 17, no. k 


Thelypteris robinsonii (Ridl.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., 
Bot. 10: 254. 1941. Basionym: Lastrea robinsonii Hidl., Journ, 
Fed, Mal. States Mus., 10: (128-156). 1920; Journ, Mal. Br. Roy. 
Asiatic Soc., 4: 65. 1926, Malacca, (= Th. viscosa). 

Th. rodigasiana (Moore) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Nephrodium rodi-~ 
gasianum Moore, L'I11. Hort., 29: 27, t. 442. 1862. Samoa, 

Th. roemeriana (Rosenst,) Reed, comb, nov, Sasionym: Dryopteris 
roemeriana Rosenst., Nova Guinea, &: 723, 1912, New Guinea, 

Th, rolandii (C.Chr, ) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 8. 1967, Basionym: Dryo-= 
pteris rolandii C.Chr., Dansk. Vid. Selsk, Skr., VII, 10: 258, 
1913. Zcuador, 

Th. roraimensis (Baker) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Polypodium ro= 
raimense Baker, Timehri, 5: 214. 1686, Brit. Guiana, 

Th, rosei (Maxon) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: & 1967, Basionym: Dryopteris 
rosei Maxon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 65(8): 10, 1915, Peru. 

Th. rosenstockii (C.Chr.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 8. 1967. Basionym: 
Dryopteris rosenstockii C.cnhr., Dansk, Vid, Selsk. Skr., VII, 

4: 304. 1907. Hcuador. 

Th. rotumaensis (St. John) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Cyclosorus 
rotumaensis St. dohn, Occ, Papers Bichop Mus., 21: 180, f. 3. 
1954. Fiji Isls. (Rotuna). 

Th. rubicunda (v.A.v.R.) K.Iwats., Mem, Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, 
Ser. B, 31(3): 196, 1965. Basionym: Phegopteris rubicunda 
VehoveRe Bull. Jard, Bot. Buit., ITI, 2: 162. 1920, Malaya, 
Sumatra, 

Th. rubida (J.Smith) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci., Univ, Kyoto, Ser, 
B, 31(3): 195. 1965, Basionym: Goniopteris rubida J.Smith, 
Journ, Bot., 3: 395, 1841. Philippine Isls. 

Th, rubinervis (Mett. ex Kuhn) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci., Univ. 
Kyoto, Ser. B, 31(3): 195. 1965, Basionym: Phegopteris rubiner- 
vis Mett. ex Kuhn, Linnaea, 36: 116, 1869. Polynesia. 

Th. rubra (Ching) K.Iwats., Journ. Jap. Bot., 38: 315. 1963. Basi- 
onym: Dryopteris rubra Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst, Biol., Bot. 
2: 198, t. 12. 1931. N. India - S. China. 

Th. rudis (Kunze) Proctor, Bull, Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., No. 5: 
64. 1953. Basionym: Polypcdium rude Kunze, Linnaea, 13: 133. 
1839. Synonym: Polypodium ctenoides Jenm,, Bull. Bot, Dept. 
Jamaica, II, 4: 129. 1897. Jamaica, Mexico — Bolivia, Peru. 

Th. rufostraminea (Christ) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot, 
6: 291. 1936, Basionym: Aspidium rufostramineum Christ, Bull. 
Soc. Bot, France, 52 (Mem. 1): 36. 1905. S. China, 

Th, rupestris (Klotzsch) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Leptogranma 
rupestre Klotzsch, Linnaea, 20: 415. 1847. Colombia-Venezuela. 

Th. rupicola (C.Chr.) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
254. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris rupicola C.Chr., Fedde Repert., 
15: 24. 1917. Hispaniola, 

Th, rurutensis (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris ru- 
rutensis Copel., Occ. Papers Bishop Mus., 14: 55, t. 7. 1938. 
S.E.Polynesia (Australian Isls.). 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 311 


Thelypteris rusbyi (C.Chr.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 8 1967, Basio- 
nym: Dryopteris rusbyi ©.Chr., Smiths, Misc. Coll., 52: 390. 
1909. Bolivia. 

Th, rustica (Fée) Proctor, Rhodora, 61: 306. (1959) 1960. Basio- 
nym: Phegopteris rustica Fée, 11 Mém, Foug., 55, t. 13, f. l. 
1866, Synonym: Dryopteris dominicensis C.Chr., Smith, Misc. 
Coll., 52: 384. 1909, Guadeloupe, Dominica, St. Vincent, Costa 
Rica. 

Th, sagittata (Swartz) Proctor, Bull. Inst, Jamaica, Sci, Ser., 

No. 5: 64. 1953. Basionym: Polypodium sagittatum Swartz, Prodr., 
132. 1788, West Indies, Jamaica. 

Th, sagittifolia (Blume) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium 
sagittaefolium Blume, Mnum, Pl,.dav., 153. 1828. Java, Perak. 

Th, sagittifolioides (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclo~ 
sorus sagittifolioides Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 81: 29, t. 
21. 1952. Philippine Isls. (Samar), 

Th. sakayensis (Zeiller) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Nephrodium 
sakayense Zeiller, Bull, Soc. Bot. France, 32: 75. 1885, Perak, 

Th. salicifolia (Wall. ex Hook.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Menis— 
cium salicifolium Wall. ex Hook., Icon. Pl., t. 990. 1854. Pe- 
nang, Singapore, Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, 

Th, salzmannii (Fée) Morton, Los Angeles County Mus. Contrib. Sci., 
35: 7. 1960. Basionym: Meniscium salzmannii Fee, Gen. Fil., 

223 (salzmanni). 1850-52, Amer. trop. 

Th. samarensis (Cepel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus 
samarensis Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 81: 35, 1952, Philip-— 
pine Isls, (Samar), 

Th, sambiranensis (C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
sambiranensis C.Chr,, Cat. Pl. Madagas, Pterid., 26. 1932 (non.); 
Dansk Bot. Ark., 7: 50, t. 12, f. 11. 1932. Madagascar, 

Th, sampsoni (Bak.) K.Iwats., Mem, Coll. Sci., Univ, Kyoto, Ser, 

B, 31(3): 192. 1965. Basionym: Polypodium sampsoni Bak,, Ann. 
Bot., De [re te 1891. Tonkin, 

Th, sancta (L.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst, Biel, ;- Bet. 102 254. 
1941; Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., No. 5: 64, 1953. 
Basionym: Acrostichum sanctum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1320. 
1759. West Indies, Jamaica; Guatemala - Quito, Peru, 

Th, sancta var, hirta (Jenm.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Nephro- 
dium sanctum var, hirtum Jenm., Bull. Bot, Dept. Jam., II, 3: 

20, 1896. Jamaica, 

Th, sancta var. jamaicensis (Bak. in Jenm,) Procter, Bull. Inst. 
Jamaica, Sci. Ser., No. 5: 64. 1953. Basionym: Nephrodium jamai- 
cense Bak, in Jenm,, Journ. Bot., 15: 264. 1877. Jamaica, 

Th. sancta var. magna (Jenm,) Proctor, Bull, Inst. Jamaica, Sci. 
Ser., No. 5: 64. 1953, Basionym: Nephrodium sanctum var, magnum 
Jenm., Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, II, 3: 20. 1896, Jaimaica, 

Th. sancta var. portoricensis (Kuhn) Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 

53: 64. 1963. Basionym: Aspidium sanctum var. portoricense 
Kuhn, Bot. Jahrb. Engl., 24: 115. 1897, Puerto Rico, 


R2 PH eTOc Ore Is Vol. 17, no. i 


Thelypteris sancta var. strigosa (C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov, Basio- 
nym: Dryopteris sancta var. strigosa C,Chr,, Smiths, Misc, Cell., 
52: 379. 1909, Cuba, Puerto Rico, 

Th. sanctifermis (C.Chr.,) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Drvepteris 
sanctiformis C.Chr., Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 10: 130, f. 12D. 
1913, Panama - Ecuador, 

Th, sandwicensis (Hook. et Arn.) Fosberg, Occ. Papers Bishop Mus., 
23(2): 30. 1962; 1.c., 23(8): 129. 1966, Basionym: Polypodium 
sandwicense Hook. et Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy., 105. 1832. = Cteni- 
tis sandwicensis. 

Th. savaiensis (Bak.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Nephrodium savai- 
ense Bak,, Ann. Bot., 5: 318. 1891. Samoa, 

. saxatilis R.P.St.John in Small, Ferns, S.E.States, 236, illus. 
"1938. = Dryopteris, 

Th, saxicola (Swartz) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Polypodium saxi- 
eola Swartz, Vet. Akad. Handl., 1817: 59, t. 3, f. 5. vit ee 
Costa Rica — Peru, 

Th. seaberula (Ching) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Cyclosorus sca- 
berulus Ching, Bull. Pan Mem. Inst, Biel., Bet, 8: 223, 1938, 
China Cuaidan 

Th, scalaris (Christ) Alsten, Journ. Wash, Acad. Sci., 48(7): 234. 
1958, Basionym: Aspidium scalare Christ, Bull. Beiss., Il, 6: 
159. 1906. Mexico to Guatemala and Costa Rica,and Colembia, 

Th. scallanii (Christ in Bareni et Christ) Morton, Amer. Fern Jeurn., 
56(4): 179. 1966. Basionym: Aspidium scallanii Christ in Ba- 
reni et Christ, Bull, Soc. Bot, Ital., 1901: 296. 1901. China 
(Szechuan). 

Th, scalpturoides (Fée) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Phegopteris 
scalptureides Fée, 11° Mém, Feug., 51, 1866, Cuba, 

Tis pi Be tah var. jamaicensis (C.Chr.) Reed, cemb, nov, Basi- 

Dryepteris scalpturoides var. jamaicensis C.Chr., Kgl. 
ae Vid. Selsk. Skr., 7: 299. 1907. Jamaica. 

Th, scariesa (Rosenst.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
scariosa Resenst., Hedwigia, 46: 127, 1906. Brazil. 

Th. schaffneri (Fee) Reed, comb. nov. Basienym: Nephrodium schaf- 
fneri Fée, 8 Mem. Foug., 108, 1857. Mexice, 

Th, sclerephylla (Poepp, ex Spreng.) Morton, Amer, Fern Journ., 

4l: 87 (err. "Kunze"), 1951. Basienym: Aspidium sclerophyllum 
Poepp. ex Spreng. in L, Syst. Veg., ed. 16; 4: 99. 1827; Kunze, 
Linnaea, 9: 92, 1834. Flerida, West Indies (Cuba, Jamaica, Puerte 
Rice, Hispaniola). 

Th, scelopendrioides (L.) Precter, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci, Ser., 
Ne. 5: 64. 1953. Basienym: Polypedium scolopendrioides L., Sp. 
Pl., 2: 1085, 1753. Synenyms: Polypedium incisum Swartz, Prodr. 
Veg, Ind. Occ., 131, 1788; Geniopteris strigesa Fée, 11® Men, 
Feugag 595 tol5,,f. I, 12866. West Indies, 

Th, semihastata (Kunze) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biel., Bet. 

10: 254. 1941. Basionym: Aspidium semihastatum Kunze, Linnaea, 
9: 91. 1834. Peru. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 313 


Thelypteris seriacea (Scott in Bedd.) Reed, comb. nev. Basienym: 
Lastrea sericea Scott in Bedd., Ferns Brit. India, t. 308. 
1869, nen Dryopteris sericea C.Chr., Bot. Gaz., 56: 136. 1913. 
India, Burma, China (Yunnan). 

Th, serra (Swartz) R.P.St. John in Small, Ferns S.E. States, 241, 
illus, 1938. Basionym: Polypodium serra Swartz, Prodr., 132. 
1788, West Indies, Jamaica. 

Th, serrata (Cav.) Alston, Kew Bull, 1932: 309. 1932. Basionyn: 
Meniscium serratum Cav., Descr. Pl., 548, 1803. Florida, West 
Indies; Mexico - Bolivia, Brazil. 

Th, serrulata (Swartz) Proctor, Bull. Inst, Jamaica, Sci. Ser., 
No. 5: 65. 1953, Basionym: Polypedium serrulatum Swartz, Schrad. 
Journ. Bot., 1800(2): 25. 1801. Jamaica, 

Th, serrutula Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst,Biol., Bot. 6: 319. 1936. 
China (Szechuan). 

Th, sessilipinna (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
sessilipinna Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., Bot. 6: 145. 1911. 
Philippine Isls, 

Th, setigera (Blume) Ching, Bull. fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
34.5. 1936. Basionym: Cheilanthes setigera Blume, Enum, Pl, Jav., 
138, 1828. Continental S. Asia, Malaysia, Philippines - Poly- 
nesia, Taiwan. 

Th, setosula Reed, nom, nov, Synonym: Nephrodium angustifolium 
Presl, Epim, Bot., 48. 1849. Philippine Isls. (Luzon). 

Th, sevillana Reed, nom, nov, Synonym: Cyclosorus glaber Copel., 
Philip, Journ, Sci., 81: 34. 1952. Philippine Isis (Bohol, 
Sevilla River). 

Th. siambonensis (Hieron.) Abbiatti, Darwiniana, 13(2-4): 566. 
1964. Basionym: Aspidium siambonense Hieron,, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 
22: 372. (1896) 1997, Argentina (Tucuman), 

Th, sikkimensis (Bak.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium sik- 
kimense Bak. in Hook, et Bak., Syn, Fil., 256. 1867. Sikkim. 
Th. silvatica (Pappe et Rawson) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Gonio- 

pteris silvatica Pappe et Rawson, Syn. Fil. Afr. Austr., 30, 
1858, Synonyms: Goniopteris patens Fée, Gen. Fil., 253. 1852, 
non Polypodium patens Swartz, 178&; Gymmogramma unita Kunze, 
Linnaea, 18: 115, 1844, non Polypedium unitum L., 1759. Ghana, 
Liberia, S, Afriea. 

Th, simillima (C.Chr.) K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax. Geobet,, 21(5-6): 
169. 1965. Basionym: Dryopteris simillima C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 
292. 1905. Synonym: Nephrodium simulans Bak., Journ, Bot., 
1882: 325, 188&, non Bak., 1874. Borneo, 

Th, simozawae Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 6: 157. 1937. (Tai- 
wan). = Th, angulariloba. 

Th, simplex (Hook.) K.Iwats., Mem, Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, 31(3): 
129, 1965, Basionym: Meniscium simplex Hook., Lond, Journ. 
Bot., lz 294, t. 11. 1842. S. China, Tonkin, Indochina, 

Taiwan, Ryukyus, 

Th. simplex var. trifoliata (Ching) Reed, comb, nov. Basienym: Aba~ 
copteris simplex var. trifoliata Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst., 
Biol., Bot. 10: 10. 1940. China (Fukien). 


31 P Havat pont OnGiIek Vol. 17, no. i 


Thelypteris simplicifolia (J.Smith ex Hook.) Reed, comb, nov. Basi- 
onym: Aspidium simp)]icifolium J,Smith ex Hook,, Icon. Pl., t. 
919. 1854. Philippine Isls,, Fiji. 

Th. simulans Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 280. 1936. 
(Taiwan). = Th, auriculata, 

Th, simlata (Davenp.) Nieuwl., Amer. Midl, Nat., 1: 226, 1910. 
Basionym: Aspidium simlatum Davenp., Bot, Gaz., 19: 495. 1&9L. 
Canada (P.E.I. to S. Quebec), south to N.Z. Alabama, New York 
and West Virginie. 

Th, singalanensis (Bak,) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 

6: 334. 1936. Basionya: Nephrodium singalanense Bak,, Journ. 
Bot., 1880: 212. 1880, Synonym: Nephrodium dayi Bedd., Journ. 
Bot., 1887: 323. 1887. Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Perak, Taiwan, 

Th, sintenisii (Kuhn et Christ ex Krug in Urban) Reed, comb. nov. 
Basionym: Aspidium sintenisii Kuhn et Christ ex Krug in Urban, 
Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 24: 119. 1897; Urban, Symb, Ant., 4: 19. 1903. 
Puerto Fico. 

Th, skinneri (Hook,) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Aspidium skinneri 
Hook., Icon. Pl., t. 924. 1854. Guatemala, Ecuador. 

Th, sodiroi Reed, nom. nov, Synonym: Nephrodiwa nemorale Sodiro, 
Crypt. Vasc. Quit., 267. 1893; Thelypteris nemoralis (Sod.) Tryon, 
Rhodora, 69: 7. 1967, non Th. nemoralis Ching, 1936, Ecuador, 

Th, sogerensis (Gepp) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris soger- 
ensis Gepp, Journ. Bot., 1923 (Suppl.): 61. 1923. New Guinea. 

Th. spekei (Bak, in Hook. et Bak.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, Biol., 
Bot. 10: 254. 1941. Basionym: Nephrodium spekei Bak. in Hook, 
et Bak., Syn. Fil., 263, 1867. ‘West Africa, Comores Isls, 

Th. spenceri (Copel. ex Christ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris spenceri Copel. ex Christ, Philip. Journ, Sci., Bot. 2: 
290. 1907. Fhilippine Isls, 

Th. spinosa (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris spinosa 
Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 219. 1942. Synonym: Las~ 
trea armata Copel., Gen. Fil., 138. 1947. New Guinea, 

Th, spinulosa (0.F.Muel1,) Nieuwl., Amer. Mid]. Nat., 1: 226, 1910. 
Basionym: Polypodium spinulosum 0.F.Muell., Fl. Fridr., 113, 

f. 2. 1767. = Dryopteris. 

Th. spinulosa war. americana (Fisch, ex Kunze) Weatherby, Rhodora, 
21: 178. 1919, Basionym: Aspidium spinulosum (var.) americanun 
Fisch, ex Kunze, Amer. Journ, Sci., II, 6: 6h. 1848. = Dryopteris. 

Th. spinulosa var, concordiana (Davenp.) Weatherby, Rhodora, 21: 
178, 1919, Basionym: Nephrodium spinulosuwm var, concordianum 
Davenp., Rhodcra, 6: 33. 1904. = Dryopteris intermedia var. 

Th. spinulosa var, dilatata (Hoffm.) St. John et Warren, Prelim, 
List Pl. Kaniksu Nat. For., 1: 1. 1925. Basionym: Polypodium 
dilatatum Hoffm., Deutsch. Fl., 2: 7. 1795. = Dryopteris. 

Th. spinulosa var. fructuosa (Gilbert) Fernald, Rhodora, 28: 146, 
1925. Basionym: Nephrodium spinulosum (var.) fructuosum Gil- 
bert, List N. Amer. Pterid., 37. 1901. = Dryopteris intermedia. 

Th. spinulosa var. intermedia (Muhl.) Nieuwl., Amer, Midl. Nat., 

2: 278. 1912; Weatherby, Rhodora, 21: 178. 1919, Basionym: 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 315 


Polypodium vel Aspidium intermediun Muhl, ex Willd. in L. Sp. 
Pl., ed. 4, 5: 262. 1810, = Dryopteris intermedia. 

Th. sprengelii (Kaulf.) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci, Ser., 
No. 5: 65, 1953, Basionym: Aspidium sprengelii Kaulf., Flora, 
1823(1): 365. 1823. = Th, balbisii. 

Th, sprucei (Bak, in Hook, et Bak.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. 
Biol., Bot. 10: 254. 1941, Basionyn: Nephrodium sprucei Bak, in 
Yook, et Bak., Syn. Fil., 269. 1867, Ecuador. 

Th, squamaestipes (Clarke) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot, 
6: 281, 1936, Basionym: Polypodium appendiculatum var, squamae— 
stipes Clarke, Trans. Linn, Soc., II, Bot. 1: 543, t. 79, f. 2. 
1880, Himalaya, Sikkim, N. India. 

Th. squamisera (Schlecht.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 
6: 329. 1936 (pro err.,"squamulosa"). Basionym: Aspidium thely- 

teris var. squamigerum Schlecht., Adumbr., 23, t. ll. 1825. 
(ieee: et Austr. Africa, Madagascar, S. India, New Zealand) = 
Th, palustris var. vel Th. confluens, 

Th, squamipes (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
squamipes Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 56: 99, t. 5. 1935. 
Philippine Isls, (Mindanao), 

Th. squamlosa (Presl) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
5, 329. 1936. Basionym: Lastrea squamlosa Presl, Tent. Pterid., 
76 (nom, nud.). 1836; Nephrodium squamilosum ("Presl") Hook. f., 
F], New Zealand, 2: 39. 1855. = Th. confluens,. 

Th. standleyi (Maxon et Morton) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 8. 1967, Basi~ 
onym: Dryopteris standleyj. Maxon et Morton, Bull. Torr. Bot, 
Club, 65: 368 1938, Guatemala, 

Th, stegnogrammoides (Bak.) Fosberg, Occ. Papers Bishop Mus., 23: 
30. 1962, Basionym: Polypodium stegnogrammoides Bak,, Syn. Fil., 
317. 1867, Hawaiian Isls. 

Th, stellato—pilosa (Brause) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
stellatc—pilosa Brause, Fngl. Bot. Jahrb., 56: 96. 1920. New 
Guinea, 

Th, stenobasis (C.Chr.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
254. 1941. Basionym: Drvopteris stenobasis C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 
291,, 1905. = Th, attenuata. 

Th, stenodonta (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Cyclosorus 
stenodontus Copel,, Philip. Journ, Sci., 1: 28, t. 20. 1952. 
Philippine Isls. (Panay). 

Th, stenolepis (Bak.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Polypodium steno- 
lepis Bak., Kew Bull., 1898: 231. 1898. Synonym: Aspidium yun~ 
nanense Christ, Bull. Boiss., 6: 965. 1898, S. China. 

Th, stenophylla (Bak.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Meniscium steno- 
phyllum Bak., Journ. Bot., 1891: 108, 1891. Synonym: Dryopteris 
brevipinna C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 255. 1905. Borneo, 

Th, stereophylla (v.A.v.i.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 
10: 254. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris stereophylla v.A.v.P., Nova 
Guinea, 14: 17, 1924. New Guinea. 


316 P Reo aoiG 1s Vol. 17, no. 


Thelypteris stierii (Rosenst.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Gymno- 
gramma stierii Rosenst., Festschr, Alb, v. Bamberg, 64. 1905. 

S, Brazil. 

Th, stipellata (Blume) K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 21(5~6): 
16€, 1965, Basionym: Aspidium stipellatum Blume, Enum, Pl, Jav., 
152. 1828. Ww. Malaysia, Johore, Pahang, Trenggam, Perak, Ladrones 
Isls. 

*Th, stiriaca (Unger) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Polypodites stiri- 
acus Unger, Chlor, Prot., 212, t. 36, f. 14. 1849. Synonyms: 
Goniopteris stiriaca (Unger) A.Braun,(Ueber Foss. Goniopteris— 
rey Zeitschr. Geol. Ges., 4: 553, 556. 1652; KrHusel, Paldo- 
botanische Notizen, VIII. 1927; Lastrea stiriaca (Unger) Heer, 
Fl. Tert. Helv., 1: 31 (styriaca), t. 7-8 1855; l.c., 3: 151. 
1859; Dotzler, Palaeontographica, 83B: 4, t. 1, f. 1, t. 2, f. 
1-2. 1938; Phegopteris stiriaca (Unger) Ett., Die Farnkr. der 
Jetztwelt, 195, 1865; Drvopteris stiriaca (Unger) Palibin, 1937; 
Cyclosorus stiriacus (Unger) Granbast, Ann. Paleont., 48: 106, 
1962; Ching et Takht. in Takht,, Paleobotanika, 4: 195, t. 2, f. 
1-3. 1963; Lastrea helvetica Heer, Fl. Tert. Helv.; 1: 33, t. 4, 
f, 2a-2c. 1855. Upper Tertiary (Oligocene—Miocene): Switzerland, 
France; (Neogene): Transcaucasia Goderdzi Pass, S.¥.Georgia, SSR, 

Th, stokesii (E.Brown in E. et F. Brown) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: 
Dryopteris stokesii E.Brown in KE. et F. Brown, Bishop Mus. Bull., 
89: 20, f. 6. 1931. Polynesia (Rapa Isl.). 

Th. straminea (Bak, in Hook, et Bak.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: 
Polypodium stramineum Bak, in Hook, et Bak., Syn. Fil., 316. 
1867, Venezuela, 

Th, striata (Schum,) Schelpe, Journ, S. Afr. Bot., 21(4): 268. 

1965. Basionym: Aspidium striatum Schum., Kgl. Dansk Vid. 
Selsk,, Afd. 4: 230, 1829, Synonyms: Polypodium pallidivenium 
Hook., Sp. Fil., 5: 8. 1863; Dryopteris hemitelioides Christ, 
Ann, Mus. Congo, 5: 26. 1909. Trop. Africa (Guinea, Camerouns, 
Congo, Senegal = Angola). 

Th, striata var, molundensis (Brause) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: 
Dryopteris molundensis Brause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 53: 378. 1915. 
Trop. Africa (Oubangui, Cameroun), 

Th, strigosa (Willd.) Tard. in Humbert, Fl. Madagas, Fam, 5p) 1: 27h, 
f, 38(1-15). 1958, Basionym: Aspidium strigosum Willd. in L. 

Sp, Pl., ed. 4, 52 249. 1810. Madagascar, Mauritius, Mascarenes, 
Reunion, S. Rhodesia, 

Th, strigosissima (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
strigosissima Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 221. 1942. 
New Guinea. 

Th, struthiopteroides (C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris struthiopteroides C.Chr., Smiths, Misc, Coll., 52: 388. 
1909. Guatemala, 

Th. stuebelii (Hieron.); Murillo, Cat. Illus. Plantes de Cundina- 
marca, 2: 110 (stitbelii), nomen, 1966, (Colombia), = Th, thom 
sonii, 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 317 


Thelypteris subalpina (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryo= 
pteris subalpina v.A.v.R., Bull. Buit., III. 5: 200. 1922, Ternate, 

Th, subandina (C.Chr, et Rosenst. ex Rosenst.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 
8. 1967, Basionym: Dryopteris subandina C.Chr. et Rosenst. ex 
Rosenst,., Fedde Repert., 12: 472. 1913. Bolivia. 

Th, subappendiculata (Copel,) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
subappendiculata Copel., Univ, Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 220. 1942. 
New Guinea, 

Th, subarida (Tatew, et Tagawa ex Tagawa) Reed, comb. nov, Basio- 
nym: Cyclosorus subaridus Tatew, et Tagawa ex Tagawa, Acta Phyto- 
tax. Geobot., 7: 77. 1938. Philippines, Taiwan, China (Kwang— 
tung, Fukien, Chekiang, Kwangsi). 

Th, subattenuata (Rosenst.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
subattenuata Rosenst., Fedde Repert., 10: 332. 1912, New Guinea. 

Th, subaurita (Tagawa) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
276. 1936. Basionym: Dryopteris subaurita Tagawa, Acta Phyto-~ 
tax. Geobot., 1: 157. 1932. Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyus, 

Th, subcuneata (Bak.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Nephrodium sub- 
cuneatum Bak., in Mart, Fl. Bras., 1(2): 487. 1870. Cayenne, 

Th. subdimorpha (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
subdimorpha Copel., Univ. Calif, Publ. Bot., 18: 220. 1942. 

New Guinea, 

Th, subelata (Bak.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Nephrodium sube— 
latum Bak., Kew Bull., 1906: 11. 1906, China (Yunnan). 

Th, subfalcinella (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
subfacinella v.A.v.R., Bull. Buit., III, 2: 151. 1920. Sumatra. 

Th, subglanduligera Ching, Bull. Fen Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 323. 
1936. Malay Penin, (Perak). 

Th. subimmersa Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 306. 
1936. China (Hainan). An Th. immersa (Blume) Ching, acc. Holtt., 
1954. 

Th, subintegra (Bak.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Polypodium subin~ 
tegrum Bak,, Journ, Sot., 1877: 164. 1877, Ecuador. 

Th. submarginalis (Langsd, et Fisch.) Small, Ferns S.E. States, 
258, illus. 1938. Basionym: Polypodium submarginale Langsd. et 
Fisch., Icon, Fil., 12: t. 13. 1810. = Dryopteris,. 

Th, subnigra (Brause) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst, Biol., Bot. 10: 
254. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris subintegra Brause, Engl. Bot. 
Jahrb., 56: §2, 1920, New Guinea, 

Th, subobliouata (Hook,) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 
10: 254. 1941. Basionym: Polypodium subobliquatum Hook., Sp. 
Fil., 4: 240. 1862, Brazil, Guiana, Colombia. 

Th. subochthodes Ching, Bull, Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 305. 
1936, (China, Hongkong, Japan, Taiwan, Korea), = Th. esqui- 
rolii var. glabrata. 

Th, subochthodes forma laciniata Kurata, Journ, Geobot., 11(2): 39. 
1962, (Japan, Kyushu). 

Th, subpectinata (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
subpectinata Copel., Bishop Mus. Bull., 93: 9, t. 7D. 1932. 
Tahiti. 


318 PHP Ora wer 2 Vol. 17, now & 


Thelypteris subpennigera (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryo- 
teris subpennigera C.Chr., Cat. Pl. Madagas. Pterid., 26. 1932 
oes Dansk Bot, Ark., 7: 52, t. 12, f. 1-2. 1932, Madagascar. 

Th, subpubescens (Blume) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, 
Ser. B, 31(3): 173. 1965, Basionym: Aspidium subpubescens Blume, 
Enum, Pl. Jav., 149. 1828. Synonym: Aspidium jaculosum Christ, 
Bull, Boiss., II, 4: 615. 1904, Java to S. China, Taiwan, Luzon, 
Ceylon, Okinawa, LiuKiu, Queensland. 

Th, subsimilis (Hook,) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Gymmogramma sub- 
similis Hook., Sp. Fil., 5: 142, t. 293, 1864. Fernando Po. 

Th, gubtetragona (Link) E.P.St.John, Amer, Fern Journ., 26: Lh. 
1936, Basionym: Polypodium subtetragonum Link, Hort, Berol., 

2: 105. 1833, =Thelypteris tetragona. 

Th, subulifolia (v.A.v.k.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, Biol., Bot. 
10: 254. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris subulifolie v.A.v.R., Bull. 
Buit., II, 28: 22. 1918, Sumatra. 

Th, subvillosa Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 270. 

1936 (err. "(Moore)"), Based on Polypodium auriculatum Wall, ex 
Hook., Sp. Fil., 4: 237. 1862; Polypodium subvillosum Moore, 
Ind. Fil., 308 (nomen). 1861, = Th. auriculata,. 

Th, sulfurea (E.Brown in E, et F. Brown) Reed, comb. nov, Basie- 
nym: Dryopteris sulfurea E.Brown in E, et F. Brown, Bishop Mus. 
Bull., 89: 23, t. 2. 1931. Marquesas. 

Th, sumatrana (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
sumatrana v.A.v.R., Handb. Mal. Ferns, 227. (1908) 1909, Sumatra, 
Annam, New Guinea, Singapore, Malacca, Selanger, Penang. 

Th. superba (Brause) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris superba 
Brause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., 56: 105. 1920. New Guinea. 

Th. supernitens (Christ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
supernitens Christ, Fedde Repert., 8: 19. 1910, Costa Rica, 


Th. supraspinigera (Rosenst.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris supraspinigera Rosenst., Hedwigia, 56: 353. 1915. New 
Guinea, 

Th. suprastrigosa (Rosenst.,) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
suprastrigosa Rosenst,, Fedde Repert., 10: 335. 1912, New Guinea. 

Th, tablaziensis (C.Chr. ex Christ) Alston, Journ, Wash, Acad, Sci., 
48(7): 234. 1958. Basionym: opteris tablaziensis C.Chr. ex 
Christ, Bull. Boiss., II, 7: 262. 1907, Colombia, Panama, Cesta 
Rica, 

Th, taiwanensis (C.Chr.) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, 

Ser. B, 31(3): 183. 1965. Basionym: Dryopteris taiwanensis 
C,Chr., Ind. Fil., 297. 1905. Synonyms: Aspidium lobulatum Christ, 
Bull, Herb. Boiss., II, 4: 614. 1904, non Blume, 1828; Dryo= 
pteris subhispidula Rosenst., Hedwigia, 56: 343. 1915, Taiwan, 
Ryukyus, S, China (Kwangtung), Micronesia (Palau). 

*Th, takashimensis Reed, nom. nov, Based on Lastrea japonica Krysh- 
tofovich, Journ, Geol. Soc. Tokyo, 25: 26, t. 15, f. l-la. 

1918; Nagao, Proc. 3rd Pan-Pacif., Sci, Congr., 2(1926): 1552. 
1928; Jongmans, Foss. Cat., 43: 1437. 1960; Takahasi, Jap. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 319 


Journ. Geol. & Geogr., 33: 194. 1962; Dijkstra, Foss, Cat., 68: 
3905. 1968. Tertiary (Paleogene): Japan, Kyushu Isl., Taka- 
shima Coal Mine, Hizan, 

Thelypteris tannensis (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryo- 
pteris tannensis C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 297. 1905. Synonym: Poly-~ 
podium excelsum Bak. in Hook. et Bak., Syn. Fil., 505. 1874, 
non Desv., 1827. New Hebrides, 

Th, tatei (Maxon et Morton) Morten, Amer, Fern Jeurn., 51: 38. 1961. 
Basionym: Dryopteris tatei Maxon et Merton in Merton, Jeurn. 
Wash. Acad. Sci., 28: 529. 1938. Belivia. 

Th, tenebrica (Jenm,) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., No. 
5: 65. 1953. Basienym: Nephrodium tenebricum Jenm., Journ. Bot., 
1882: 326, 1882. Jamaica. An hybrid Th. sagittata X Th. serrul- 
ata ? 

Th. tenerifrons (Christ) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biel., Bot, 
10: 254. 1941. Basionym: Hypelepis tenerifrens Christ, Philip. 
Journ. Sci., Bot. 3: 274. 1908. Philippine Isls. 

Th, tenerrima (Fée) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium tener- 
rimm Fée, Crypt. Vasc. Br., 1: 134, t. 43, f. 1. 1869. Brazil. 

Th. tephrephylla (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
tephrephylla Cepel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 40: 296. 1929. Philip 
pine Isls, (Mindanao). 

Th, terrestris (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
terrestris Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 221. 1942. New 
Guinea, 

Th, tetragona (Swartz) Small, Ferns S.E.States, 256, 476. 1938. 
Basionym: Polypodium tetragonum Swartz, Prodr., 132. 1788. 
Florida, Jamaica = Brazil, Peru, Galapagos Isls. 

Th, tetragona subsp. aberrans Morton, Leaflets of Western Bot., 
8(8): 194. 1957. Galapagos Isls. 

Th. tetragona var, guadalupensis (Fée) Kramer, Acta Bot. Neerl., 
9: 298. 1960, Basionym: Goniopteris guadalupensis Fée, 11° 
Mem, Foug., 64, t. 17, f. 2. 1866. Saba. 

Th, teuscheri (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
teuscheri v.A.v.R., Bull. Dept. Agr. Ind. Neerl., 18: s 1908, 
Borneo, 

Th. thelypteris (L.) Nieuwl., Amer, Midl. Nat., 1: 226. 1910, 
Basionym: Acrostichum thelypteris L., Sp. Pl., 2: 1071. 1753. 
= Th. palustris. 

Th. thomsonii (Jenm,) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., 
No. 5: 65. 1953. Basionym: Polypodium thomsonii Jenm,, Journ, 
Bot., 1886: 272. 1886, Synonym: Dryopteris stuebelii Hieron., 
Hedwigia, 46: 340, t. 6, f. 13. 1907. Jamaica, Hispaniola, 
Colombia. 

Th. thwaitesii (Hook.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Meniscium 
thwaitesii Hook., Fil. Exot., t. 83. 1859. S. India, Ceylon. 

Th, todayensis (Christ) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
tedayensis Christ, Philip. Journ. Sci., Bot. 2: 193. 1907. 
Philippine Isls, 


320 FP Bt 2 Oreo gs Ink Vol. 17, no. k 


Thelypteris tomentosa (Thouars) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, Biol., 
Bot. 10: 255. 1941. Basionym: Polypodium tomentosum Thouars, 
Fl. Trist. d'Acunha, 32, t. 3. 1804. Bourbon, Tristan d'Acunha, 
Madagascar, Mascarenes,. 

Th, tonkinensis (C.Chr.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Rot. 

6: 292, 1936, Basionym: Dryopteris tonkinensis C.Chr., Bull. 
Mus, Paris, II, 6: 102, 1934. Tonkin, China (Kwangsi). 

Th. toppingii (Copel.) K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 21(5-6): 
168. 1965. Basionym: Dryopteris toppingii Copel., Philip. Journ. 
Sci., 12C: 56, 1917. Synonym: Nephrodium indicum Ridley, Journ. 
Mal. Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc., 4: 73. 1926. Borneo, Malacca. 

Th, torresiana (Gaudich.) Alston, Lilloa, 30: 11. 1960, Basionym: 
Polystichum torresianum Gaudich, in Freyc. Voy. Bot., 333. 1828. 
Synonyms: Aspidium uliginosum Kunze, Linnaea, 20: 6. 1847; Poly- 
podium tenericaule Wall. ex Hook., Kew Journ. Bot., 9: 353. 1857; 
Nephrodium setigerum var, calvatum Bak., Journ. Bot., 1875: 201. 
1875; Nephrodium oligophlebium Bak,, Journ. Bot., 1875: 291. 
1875; Dryopteris lasiocarpa Hayata, Mat. Fl. Formos., 417. 1911; 
Dryopteris elegans Koidz., Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 38: 108, 1924; Poly- 
podium trichodes Reinw. ex J.Smith, Journ. Bot., 3: 394. 1841. 
Trop. Asia, Fiji, Bismarck Archipelago, India - Polynesia, Phil- 
ippine Isls., Taiwan, Assam, China (Kiangsi), Japan (Kyusm); 
introd. in Trinidad, Brazil, Argentina, 

Th, torresiana var. calvata (Bak.) K.Iwate., Mem. Coll. Sci., Univ. 
Kyoto, Ser. B, 31(3): 154. 1965. Basionym: Nephrodium setigerum 
var. calvatum Bak., Journ. Bot., 1875: 201. 1875. E. & Cent. 
China, Korea, Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu). 

Th, totta (Thunb,) Schelpe, Journ. S. Afr. Bot., 29: 91. 1963. 
Basionym: Polypodium tottum Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap., 172, 1800. 
Synonyms: Aspidium goggilodus Schkuhr, Krypt. Gew., 1: 193, t. 
33e, 1809; Aspidium ecklonii Kunze, Linnaea, 10: 546. 1936; 
es plantianum Pappe et Raws., Syn. Fil. Afr. Austr., 139. 
1868, Trop. South Amer., West Indies, S, Africa, Taiwan, Japan, 
S.E.China, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaiian Isls, 

Th, totta var. glabra (Mett. apud H.Itc) Reed, comb. nov, Basio— 
nym: Dryopteris gongylodes var, glabra Mett. apud H.It0, Journ. 
Jap. Bot., 11: 786. 1935, Japan. 4 

Th. totta var. glabra forma glaberrims (H.Ito) Reed, comb. nov. 
Basionym: Cyclosorus goggilodus var, glaber forma glaberrimis 
H.Ité, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 51: 714. 1937. Japan. 

Th. totta var. glabra forma paucipilosa (H.Ité) Reed, comb. nov. 
Basionym: Cyclosorus goggilodus var. glaber forma paucipilosus 
H.Ité, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 51: 714. 1937. Japan, Taiwan. 

Th, totta var. hirsuta (Mett.) Morton, Contrib. U.S, Nat. Herb., 
38(2): 73. 1967, Basionym: Aspidium unitum var. hirsutum Mett., 
Ann. Lugd. Bat., 1: 230. 1864. Synonym: Pteris polypodioides 
Poir, in Lam,, Encycl. Meth., 5: 716. 1804. Brazil, Australia, 
New Zealand, Mexico, Hawaiian Isls. 

Th, totta var. longipinna (C.Chr.) Morton, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb., 


38(2): 74. 1967. Basionym: Dryopteris gongylodes var. longi- 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 321 


pinna C,Chr., Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr., VII, 10: 194. 1913. 
Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay. 

Thelypteris tottoides (H.It3) Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 56(4): 
179. 1966. Basionym: Leptogramma tottoides H.Ito, Bot. Mag. 
Tokyo, 49: 434. 1935. Taiwan, S.E.China (Fukien). 

Th. transversaria (Brack,) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Nephrodium 
transversarium Brack., Expl. Exp., 16: 187. 1854. Samoa, ?New 
Guinea. 

Th. triphylla (Swartz) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, Ser. 
B, 31(3): 190. 1965. Basionym: Meniscium triphyllum Swartz, 
Schrad. Journ. Bot., 1800(2): 16. 1801. Synonym: Meniscium tri- 
phyllum forma cristatum K.Sato, Journ. Jap. Bot., 12: 824. 1936. 
Trop. Asia, Australia (Queensland), Malesia, Philippine Isls., 
N. India, S. China, Taiwan, Ryukyus. 

Th. triphylla var. parishii (Bedd.) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll., Sci., 
Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B, 31(3): 191. 1965. Basionym: Meniscium 
parishii Bedd., Ferns Brit. India, t. 184. 1866. N. India, 
Burma to Indochina, S to Malaya, Ryukyus, Taiwan. 

Th, tristis (Kunze) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 8. 1967; Morton, Contrib. 
U.S. Nat. Herb., 38(2): 65-66. 1967. Basionym: Polypodium triste 
Kunze, Linnaea, 9: 47. 1834. Venezuela, Peru. 

Th, truncata (Poir, in Lam.) K.Iwats., Mem. Coll, Sci., Univ. Kyoto, 
Ser, B, 31(1): 33. 1964, Basionym: Polypodium truncatum Poir. 
in Lam., Encycl., 5: 534. 1804. Synonym: opteris sublaevi- 
frons Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 5: 192. 1936. Pantropie: 
N. India ~ Malesia, trop. Australia, Polynesia, Madagascar, 
Mascarenes, Taiwan, Ryukyus, Bismarck Archipelago, Brazil. 

Th, truncata forma kwashotensis (Hayata) Reed, comb. nov. Basio= 
nym: Dryopteris kwashotensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos., 5: 278. 
1915. Taiwan. 

Th, truncata forma laevifrons (Hayata) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: 
Dryopteris laevifrons Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos., 4: 158. 1914. 
Taiwan, Japan (Ryukyus). 

Th. truncata forma sublaevifrons (Tagawa) Reed, comb. nov, Basio- 
nym: Dryopteris sublaevifrons Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 

5: 192. 1936. LiuKiu, Taiwan, Trop. Asia, New Guinea. 

Th, tsaratananensis (C.Chr.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., 
Bot. 10: 255. 1941; Tard., Pollen et Spores, 7(2): 334. 1965. 
Basionym: opteris tsaratananensis C,Chr., Cat. Pl. Madagas. 
Pterid., 45. 1932 (nomen); Dansk. Bot. Ark., 7: 45, t. 9, f. 
1-5. 1932. Madagascar. 

Th. tuberculata (Ces.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
255. 1941. Basionym: Nephrodium tuberculatum Ces., Rend. Acad, 
Napoli, 16: 26, 29. 1877. New Guinea. 

Th, tuberculifera (C.Chr.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 
6: 295. 1936, Basionym: Dryopteris tuberculifera C.Chr., Contr. 
U.S. Nat. Herb., 26: 275. 1931. Assam, Sikkim, Yunnan. 

Th, tuerckheimii (Donn.-Smith) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Nephro- 
dium tuerckheimii Donn.-Smith, Bot. Gaz., 12: 133, t. ll. 1887. 
Guatemala, 


322 F RP Oa OG Fee Vol. 17, no. 


Thelypteris turrialbae (Rosenst.) Morton, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb., 
38(2): 44. 1967. Basionym: Dryopteris turrialbae Rosenst., 

Fedde Repert., 22: 10. 1925. Costa Rica. 

Th, ugoensis Reed, nom. nov, Baséd on Cyclosorus rigidus Copel., 
Philip, Journ, Sci., 81: 27. 1952, non C, rigidus (Ridl.) Copel., 
Philip. oe Sci., 78: 452. 1951. Philippine Isls, (Luzon, 
Mt, Ugo). 

Th, uliginosa (Kunze) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
342, 1936, Basionym: Aspidium uliginosum Kunze, Linnaea, 20: 6. 
1847. = Th. torresiana, 

Th, uliginosa var, calvata (Bak.) K.Iwats,, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 
18: 158, 1960, Basionym: Nephrodium setigerum var, calvatum 
Bak., Journ. Bot., 1875: 201. 1875. = Th, torresiana var. 

Th. uliginosa var. elegans (Koidz.) K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax. Geo- 
bot., 18: 158. 1960. Basionym: Dryopteris elegans Koidz., Bot. 
Mag. Tokyo, 38: 108. 1924. = Th. torresiana. 

Th. unca R.P.St.John ex Small, Ferns S.E.States, 246, illus. 1938. 
Florida. 

Th. underwoodiana (Maxon) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 
10: 255. 1941; Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., No. 5: 
66, 1953. Basionym: Dryopteris underwoodiana Maxon, Amer, Fern 
Journ., 18: 49. 1928, Jamaica. 

Th, uniauriculata (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
uniauriculata Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., Bot. 9: 3. 191k. 

New Guinea, 

Th. unidentata (Bedd.) Holtt., Rev. Fl. Mal., 2: 251, f. 143. 1955. 
Basionym: Lastrea unidentata Bedd., Handb. Suppl., 53. 1892. 
Synonym: opteris monodonta C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 278. 1905, Perak. 

Th, unita (L.) Morton, Amer. Fern Journ., 49: 113. 1959. Basionym: 
Polypodium unitum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1326. 1759. Syno- 
nym: Nephrodium cucullatum Bak., Syn. Fil., 209. 1867. Trop. Asia, 
- Polynesia, Mascarsnes, Seychelles, Ceylon, Philippine Isls., 
Micronesia, Bismarck Archipelago. 

Th, uraiensis (Rosenst.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 

6: 336. 1936. Basionym: Dryopteris uraiensis Rosenst., Hedwigia, 
56: 341. 1915. Synonym: Dryopteris hirsutisquamata Hayata, Icon. 
Fl, Formos., 5: 277, f. 105. 1915. Assam, Taiwan, S. China, 
Japan (Kyushu). 

Th, urdanetensis (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
urdanetensis Copel., Leaflets Philip. Bot., 5: 1682. 1913. 
Philippine Isls. (Mindanao). 

Th, urens (Rosenst.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris urens 
Rosenst., Fedde Repert., 4: 5. 1907; C.Chr., Vid. Selsk. Skr., 
VII, 4: 332, f. 52I. 1907. Uruguay. 

Th. urophylla (Wall. ex Hook.) K.Iwats., The Southeast Asian Stud- 
ies., 3(3): 81. 1965; Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 22(3): 94. 1966. 
Basionym: Polypodium urophyllum Wall. ex Hook., Sp. Fil., 5: 9. 
1863. Synonym: Polypodium pinwillii Bak., Ann. Bot., 5: 77. 1892. 
N. India = Ceylon, S. China, esia-Polynesia, Trop. Australia, 
Sumatra, Malaya, Thailand, Penang, Borneo? 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 323 


Thelypteris urophylla var. nitida (Holtt.) K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax. 
Geobot., 22(3): She 1966; (1.c., 21(5—6): 171 (illegit.). 1965). 
Basionym: Dryopteris urophylla var. nitida Holtt., Gard. Bull. 
Straits Settlements, 7: 249. 1923. Malay Penin., Borneo. 

Th. utanagensis (Hieron.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
utanagensis Hieron., 46: 333, t. 5, f. 8. 1907,Colombia, Ecuador. 
Dealt, Cat. Illus, Plantas de Cundinamarca, 2: 110 (nomen). 
1966). 

Th. valdepilosa (Bak.) Reed, comb. nev. Basionym: Nephrodium yal- 

depilosum Bak., Journ. Bot., 1879: 261. 1879. Colombia. 

valida (Christ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris valida 

Christ, Journ. de Bot. 21: 230, 261. 1908. Annan, 

Th. varians (Fée) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Nephrodium varians 
Fee, 11° Mem, Foug., 88, t. 24, f. 2. 1866, Trinidad, Amazonas. 

Th. varievestita (C.Chr.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: opteris 
atrispora var. varievestita C.Chr., Brittonia, 2: 296. 1937. 
New Guinea, Papua. 

Th, vattuonei (Hicken) Abbiatti, Darwiniana, 13(2-4): 566. 1964. 
Basionym: Dryopteris vattuoned Hicken, Darwiniana, 1: 100. 
192, Argentina, 

Th. velata (Kunze ex Mett.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Aspidium 
velatum Kunze ex Mett., Pheg. u. Asp., 79, n. 190. 1858, Cuba. 

Th, venulose (Hook.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Nephrodium venu- 
losum Hook., Sp. Fil., 4: 71. 1862. Synonym: Aspidium elatum 
Mett. in Kuhn, Fil. Afr., 130. 1868, Guinea, Ivory Coast. _ 

Th, venusta (Hew.) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser., Now 5: 
66. 1953, Basionym: Aspidium venustum Hew., Mag. Nat. Hist., 
II, 2: 464. 1838, Jamaica. 

Th, venusta var. usitata (Jenm.) Proctor, Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. 
Ser., No. 5: 66, 1953. Basionym: Nephrodium usitatum Jenm., 
Journ. Bot., 17: 261. 1879. Synonym: Nephrodium calcareum Jenm., 
Journ, Bot., 24: 271. 1886. Jamaica. 

Th, verrucosa (J.Smith ex Presl) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, Biol., 
Bot. 6: 308. 1936, Basionym: Lastrea verrucosa J. Smith ex 
Presl, Epim. Bot., 36. 1849. Philippine Isls,, Malaya, Borneo, 
Malacca, Loyalty Isls. 

Th. verruculosa (v.A.v.R.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
verruculosa v.A.v.R., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit., II, No. ll: 12. 
1913, Java. 

Th. versicolor R.P.St.John ex Small, Ferns S.E.States, 250, illus. 
1938. Florida = Texas. 

Th. vestigiata (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
vestigiata Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 220. 1942. 

New Guinea, 

Th. villosa (Link) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Jel AES villosa 
Link, Hort. Berol., 2: 51. 1833. Synonym: Dryopteris d asyphylla 
C.Chr., Ind. Fil., 260. 1905. Brazil. 

Th. villosipes (Gepp) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 
255. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris villosipes Gepp in Gibbs, 
Dutch N.W.New Guinea, 70. 1917. New Guinea. 


The 


32h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 


Thelypteris vinosicarpa (v.A.v.R.) Ching, Bull, Fan Mem, Inst, 
Biol., Bot. 10: 255. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris vinosicarpa 
v.A.v.R., Bull. Buit., III, 5: 198. 1922, Sumatra, 

Th. viridifrons Tagawa, Journ, Jap. Bot., 12: 747. 1936. Based on 
Dryopteris elegans var, subtripinnata Tagawa, Acta Phytotax,. 
Geobot., 2: 193. 1933. Japan (Honshu, Kyushu), 

Th. viridis (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Cyclosorus virid- 
is Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 81: 35, t. 24. 1952. Luzon, 

Th, viscosa (Bak, in Hook, et Bak.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, 
Biol,, Bot. 10: 253. 1941 (err., "J.Smith"), Basionym:(Lastrea 
viscosa J,Smith, Journ. Bot., 3: 412 (nom. nud.). 1841). Nephro- 
dium viscosum Bak, in Hook, et Bak., Syn. Fil., 264. 1867. Fiji, 
Borneo, Malaya, Philippine Isls, 

Th, vivipara (Raddi) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Polypodium vivi- 
para Raddi, Pl. Bras., 1: 22, t. 32. 1825. Colombia, Brazil, 
Ecuador, Peru. (Murillo, Cat. Illus. Plantas de Cundinamarca, 
2: 110 (nomen), f. 50, 1966). 

Th. vulcanica (Bak.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Nephrodium vul- 
canicum Bak., Ann. Bot., 8: 127. 1894. Java. 

Th, wantotensis (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Dryopteris 
wantotensis Copel., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 18: 220. 1942. 
New Guinea, 

Th, warburgii (Kuhn et Christ ex Warb,) B.C.Stone, Micronesica, 

2: 3. 1966. Basionym: Aspidium warburgii Kuhn et Christ ex 
Warb., Monsunia, 1: 81. 1900. New Guinea, 

Th, wariensis (Copel.) Reed, comb, nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
wariensis Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci,, 6: 73. 1911. New Guinea. 

Th, warmingii (C.Chr.) Tryon, Rhodora, 69: 8. 1967, Synonym: Dryo- 
pteris warmingii C.Chr,, Dansk, Vid. Selek. Skr., VII, 10: 227. 
1913. Brazil. 

Th. weberi (Copel.) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Cyclosorus weberi 
Copel., Philip. Journ. Sci., 81: 36, t. 25. 1952, Mindanao, 

Th, williamsii (Copel.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 
10: 255. 1941. Basionym: Dryopteris williamsii Copel., Britto- 
nia, l: 67, t. 1. 1931. Mindanao. 

Th, wollastonii (v.A.v.R.) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 
10: 255. 1941. Basionym: Phegopteris wollastonii v.A.v.R., 
Mal, Ferns Suppl., 515. 1917. New Guinea. 

Th, wrightii (Mett. ex D.C.Eaton) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: 
Aspidium wrightii Mett. ex D.C.Eaton, Mem, Amer. Acad., n.8., 
8: 210. 1860, Jamaica, Cuba. 

Th, xiphioides (Christ) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
xiphioides Christ, Philip. Journ. Sci., Bot. 2: 201. 1907. 
Philippine Isls (Mindanao), 

Th, xylodes (Kunze) Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 
296. 1936. Basionym: Aspidium xylodes Kunze, Linnaea, 24: 283. 
1851. India, S. China (rumen); Burma, Luzon. 

Th, yunkweiensis Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 27h. 
1936. China (Yunnan, Kweichow), Tonkin. 


1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 325 


Thelypteris zambesiaca (Bak,) Tard., Not. Syst., 1h: 344. 1952. 
Basionym: Nephrodium zambesianum Bak., Ann. Bot., 5: 318. 1891. 
= Th. longicuspis,. 

Th, zamboangensis Reed, nom. nov. Based on Cyclosorus christii 
Copel., Fern Fl. Philippines, 2: 362. 1960. Philippine Isls. 
(Mindanao, Negros, Luzon). 

Th, zeylanica Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 287. 1936. 
Ceylon. 


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326 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. k 


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1968 Reed, Index Thelypteridis 327 


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328 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. k 


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TWO NEW PINYON VARIETIES FROM ARIZONA 


Elbert L. Little, Jr. 


The pinyon (nut pine) of central Arizona with 1 slender leaf 
or needle in a fascicle, commonly referred to Pinus monophylle 
Torr. & Frém., is named here as a new variety of P. edulis 
Engelm. Another pinyon of the international border of south- 
eastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and adjacent northern 
Mexico, is distinguished as a new variety of its species, P. cem- 
broides Zucc. (sens. strict.). 


Many species of Pinus have broad geographic ranges distributed 
over widely varying climates, altitudes, and soils. Careful tax- 
onomic examination of a widespread species often reveals the pre- 
sence of geographic races and varieties. Like other pines, the 
pinyons exhibit similar geographic variations. 


The 8 species of pinyons (nut pines) in southwestern United 
States and Mexico are grouped together as Pinus L. subsect. Cem- 
broides Engelm. (St. Louis Acad. Sci. Trans. 4: 176, 178. 1880). 
Distribution maps have been published by William B. Critchfield 
and Little (U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 991, maps 15-18. 1966). 
Four species are native in the United States, though treated by 
some authors as varieties under the oldest name Pinus cembroides 
(sens. lat.). Morphological differences in seeds and other char- 
acters are sufficient not only for the retention of these 
species, but also for the further recognition of additional geo- 
graphical varieties and unnamed races. 


From 1927 to 1941 I did research on Pinus edulis Engelm., the 
common species of pinyon, in Arizona end New Mexico as part of 
the research project of management of pinyon-juniper woodlands by 
the United States Forest Service (U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 
271: 298-402, illus. 1965). The large edible seeds of that 
species are known as pinyon nuts (from Spanish pifion, plural 
piffones), pine nuts, end Indian nuts. They provide an annual 
harvest of about a million pounds or more. A taxonomic study of 
pinyons was begun and an abstract was published (Amer. Jour. Bot. 
27 (10) sup. 24s. 1940). However, work on the project was dis- 
continued during World War II. 


One new variety from the Edwards Plateau in southwestern Texas 
was published, Texas pinyon, Pinus cembroides Zucc. var. remota 
Little (Wrightie 2: 1823. 1966). Owing to delay in completing 
the taxonomic study, two additional varieties alluded to in that 
article are published here. A field trip to Arizona in May 1968 
provided the opportunity for further study and collections of the 
two new varieties. 


329 


330 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 


PINUS MONOPHYLLA Torr. & Frém. singleleaf pinyon 
Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frém. in Frém., Rpt. Explor. Exped. 
Rocky Mts. 319, t. 4 1845; "monophyllus." 


This is the pinyon of the Great Basin region, mountains from 
southern Idaho and northern and western Utah to Nevada, central 
and southern California, and northwestern Arizona, also northern 
Lower California, Mexico. Leaves 1 (rarely 2) in a fascicle, 2-6 
cm. long, terete, 1.5-2 mm. wide, stout, rigid, sharp-pointed, 
dull light gray green, with 20-26 whitish lines or rows of sto- 
mata, and 2-9 (16) external resin-ducts. Cones ovoid, 5-7 cm. 
long; seeds narrowly ovoid, acuminate, 15-22 mm. long, very thin- 
walled (0.1-0.2 m.), high in carbohydrate content and with mealy 
taste. 


The type specimen was collected near Pine Nut Mts., SE. of 
Gardnerville, Dovglas Co., Nevada, in 1844 by J. D. Frémont (267, 
NY). No varieties of Pinus monophylla are recognized here. How- 
ever, a variation has leaves partly or mostly 2 in a fascicle. 


PINUS EDULIS Engelnm. pinyon 
Pinus edulis Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. Tour North. Mex. 88. 
1848. 


The commonest species of pinyon was named from a specimen col- 
lected in 1846 by A. Wislizenus (MO) near Santa Fe, New Mexico. 
It is widespread in foothills and mountains of Colorado, Utah, 
Arizona, and New Mexico and has outposts in adjacent states. The 
typical variety, P. edulis var. edulis, has 2 leaves in a fasci- 
cle, 2-5 cm. long, stout, rigid, green, with whitish lines of 
stomata on all surfaces, and 2 external dorsal resin-ducts. 

Cones ovoid or subglobose, 2-5 cm. long; seeds oblong, obtuse, 
10-15 mm. long, thin-walled (0.2-0.4 mm.), high in fat content 
and with oily taste. 


Variation in number of needles in a fascicle has long been 
observed among the pinyons. For example, the tyne specimen and 
plate of Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frém. both have rare 2-needle 
fascicles. P. fremontiana Endlicher (Syn. Conif. 182. 1847) was 
a renaming of P. monophylla, apparently because the needles were 
thought to be paired and cohering rather than single. P. edulis 
var. monophyllus Torr. (in Ives Rpt. Colo. R. pt. 4: 28. 1860; 
nom. nud.; Cebat Mts., J. S. Newberry in 1858, US) apparently was 
intended to unite both species, though under the later binomial. 
Among those giving additional reasons for combining the two were 
J. S. Newberry and Thomas Meehan (Torrey Bots Club-Bul. 12: ~50, 
81-82. 1885). 


The legitimate trinomial Pinus monophylla var. edulis M. E. 
Jones (Zoe 2: 251. 1891) was made with the remark that both 
single and paired leaves were found frequently on the same indi- 
vidual tree. As no basionym was cited, the name was a new 


1968 Little, New pinyon varieties 331 
variety, not a new combination. 


Tidestrom (Fl. Utah Nev. 53. 1925) used number of resin-ducts 
in identification as follows: "Pinus monophylla is distinguished 
from Pinus edulis by the number of resin ducts in the leaves. In 
the former the number is normally eight (sometimes less), in the 
latter two in each leaf. Two-leaved forms of Pinus monophylla 
occur in western and southern Utah; these are recognized by three 
or four ducts in each leaf. Occasionally one-leaved forms of 
Pinus edulis are found, but these can readily be distinguished 
from Pinus monophylla by the number of ducts." 


The l-leaf or l-needle variation of Pinus edulis described be- 
low was mentioned by me in five publications. Southwestern Trees 
(U.S. Dept. Acr., Agr. Handb. 9: 12. 1950) stated: “A form with 
the needles single as in singleleaf pinyon but relatively more 
slender and shorter occurs in central Arizona along the lower 
limit of the woodland zone north to Grand Canyon." The other 
references are: Key to southwestern trees (Southwest. Forest 
and Range Expt. Sta. Res. Rpt. 8: 4. 1951). Seminar and study 
tour of Latin-American conifers (Mex. Inst. Nac. Invest. Forest. 
English Ed. No. 1: 90. 1962). Pinyon (Pinus edulis Engelm.) (in 
Fowells, H. A.» comp. Silvics of forest trees of the United 
States. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 271: 402. 1965). Critch- 
field, William B., and Little, Geographic distribution of the 
pines of the world (U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 991: 8. 1966). 


PINUS EDULIS Engelm. var. FALLAX Little, var. nov. pinyon 
Pinus monophylla var. tenuis Tidestrom in Tidestrom & Kittell, 
Fl. Ariz. New Mex. 2. 1941; without Latin diagnosis. 


A varietate typica differt foliis solitariis (1 in fasciculo, 
non 2), saepe etiam strobilis leviter maioribus 3.5-5.5 cm. 
longis seminibus paulo maioribus 14-17 m. lonzis. 

Arbor parva corona aperta rotunda extensa, ramulis tenuibus 
griseis glabris; gemmae cylindricae, acutae, leviter resinosae, 
squamis acutis fulvis; folia acerosa, 1 (raro 2) in fasciculo, 
brevia, plerumgue 2-4 (2.5-5) cm. longa, 1.0-1.4 mm. lata, 
tereta, leviter curva, paulo flexilia, acuminata, intesra, sor- 
dido-flavovirentia stomatibus 11-15 seriebus inconsvicuis albi- 
dis; ductis resiniferis 2 (3) externalibus dorsalibus: vagina 
paulatim decidua; strobili subterminales, solitarii vel bini, 
fere sessiles, ovoidei, dehiscentes deciduique, parvi, 2.5-5.5 
em. longi, fulvi; squamae multae, apophysis rhomboidea, crassa 
umbone dorsali plano inermi; semina plura vel multa, gemina vel 
solitaria, obovoidea vel ellipsoidalia, magna, 14-17 mm. longa, 
9-10 mm. lata, 7-8 mm. crassa, base obtuso, apice rotundo, 
aptera, testa tenue (0.3-0.4 mm.). 


Small resinous tree 4-9 m. high, with trunk 15-30 cm. in diam- 
eter and open rounded spreading crown of nearly horizontal 
branches. Bark dark gray, rough, thick, furrowed into long scaly 


332 PHY TOLDOGI.S Vol. 17, no. 


plates. Twigs slender, light gray, smoothish, hairless. Buds 
cylindric, acute, slightly resinous; bud-scales acute, light 
brown. Leaves needlelike, 1 (rarely 2) in fascicle. Short, 
mostly 3-4 (2.5-5) cm. long, 1.0-1.4 mm. wide, terete, slightly 
curved, slightly flexible, acuminate, entire, dull light green 
with 11-15 inconspicuous whitish rows of stomata; resin-ducts 2 
(-4) external dorsal; sheath of light brown membranous scales 
gradually deciduous. 


Male strobili numerous, crowded, elliptic, 6-7 mm. long, light 
yellow. Year-old conelets on scaly stalk 4 mm. long, subglobose, 
about 1 ecm. long, light brown, umbo rhomboidal with weak hori- 
zontal keel and short prickle. 


Cones subterminal, single or paired, almost stalkless, ovoid, 
dehiscent and deciduous, small 2.5-5.5 cm. long, 2-4 cm. in diam- 
eter when closed and 4-6 cm. when open, yellow brown. Cone-sceales 
many, apophysis rhomboidal, thick, keeled, the dorsal umbo flat, 
without prickle, apical and basal cone-scales reduced and sterile. 
Seeds several to many, paired or single, obovoid or ellipsoidal, 
large, 14-17 mm. long, 9-10 mm. wide, 7-8 mm. thick, dark brown, 
obtuse at base, rounded at apex, wingless, thin-walled (0.2-0.4 
mm.), high in fat content and with oily taste. 


TYPE COLLECTION, ARIZONA: Gila Co., Tonto National Forest, 
Sierra Ancha Expt. Forest, near Natural Drainage D, Sec. 14, T. 5 
Ni RR. 13 Be) alt.” 4700" £6.53 Duly 4, 1961, E.G. athe, dr. 
18581 (holotype, US; isotypes, A, ARIZ, NY, OKL, TEX, UC, UNM, 
USFS). 


Additional specimens distributed, ARIZONA: Coconino Co., 
Coconino National Forest, 9 mi. SE. of Sedona, Sec. 25, T. 16 N., 
R: 6 ED, alt. 5200°ft: > May 15,°1966, E. L. Littie, Jr. 22002, 
22002 (seedlings). 


DISTRIBUTION: Mountains at 4500-5500 (6000) ft. altitude in 
central and eastern Arizona. Also local in Grand Canyon, Coco- 
nino Co., and in Florida Mts., Luna Co., New Mexico. 


New Mexico: Luna Co., Florida Mts. J. S. Findley Jan. 21, 
1960 (UNM). 


Arizona: Mountains in central and eastern varts mostly along 
southern slopes of Mogolion Rim and adjacent mountains southward. 
From Oak Creek Canyon south and east to upper tributaries of 
Verde, Salt, and Gila Rivers. Coconino Co., Grand Canyon, Oak 
Creek Canyon, etc.; Yavapai Co., near Camp Verde, near Prescott, 
S. to Bradshew Mts.; Gila Co., near Pine and Payson, Mazatzal 
Mts., Sierra Ancha, Pinal Mts., Apache Mts., etc.; Pinal Co., 
Superstition Mts. and Devils Canyon near Superior; Graham Co., 
Galiuro Mts., Pinalefio Mts. (Mt. Graham); Greenlee Co., mts. N. 
and E. of Clifton. Kaibab, Coconino, Prescott, Tonto, Coronado, 


1968 Little, New pinyon varieties 333 
and Apache Netional Forests. San Cerlos Indian Reservation. 


This variety is found mostly southward and at lower altitudes 
than the typical variety. In the lower part of Oak Creek Canyon 
around Sedona it is common. However, it does not form extensive 
woodlands. It is scattered in the Pinyon-Juniper Type (SAF No. 
220), associated with Juniperus osteosperma and J. monosperma, 
also in the chaparral type of evergreen shrubs such as Quercus 
turbinella. 


In 1925 I first observed this l-needle variation while in 
watershed management research at the Sierra Ancha Experimental 
Forest on the Tonto National Forest, about 20 miles north of 
Globe, Gila County, Arizona. The trees s, referred to Pinus mono- 
vhylla by local foresters, were scattered in the lower part of of 
Parker Creek Canyon in the chaparral zone at an altitude of about 
4700 ft. Three miles upstream in the same canyon in the oak 
woodland at 5800 ft. were a few trees of P. edulis, the typical 
2-needle variation. 


Soon after beginning work on the pinyon project about two 
vears later, I concluded that this variation belonsed with Pinus 
edulis. At that time, being reluctant to distinguish minor vari- 
ations by name, I designated this one as “Pinus edulis Encelm. 1- 
leaf form.’ In 1929, I so annotated specimens in several eastern 
herbaria, using a rubber stamp. Likewise, in 1941, I checked 
specimens in California herbaria. 


While in Washington, D.C., in 1929, I mentioned this variation 
of Pinus edulis to the late Ivar Tidestrom, then retired and 
workings on his flora of Arizona and New Mexico. However, he 
chansed from his earlier interpretation and named it Pinus mono- 
phylle var. tenuis Tidestrom (in Tidestrom and Kittell, Fl. Ariz. 
New Mex. 2. 1L9OL.L: without Letin diagnosis). His brief English 


description was: "Distinguished from the type by its more 
slender leaves and the number of resinducts, the latter usuallv 
2, marginal. West-central Arizona and westward." I cited this 


variety 3s a synonym of P. edulis in the Forest Service Check 
List (U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 41: 264. 1953). 


Kearney and Peebles (Flowering Plants Ferns Ariz. 61. 192; 
Ariz. Fl. 52. 1951) also were aware of this variation and re- 
marked under Pinus monophylla: "As it occurs in Arizona, this 
pine scarcely differs from the ordinary pinyon (Pinus edulis) 
except in its solitary leaves, and may be only a variant of that 
species. Presumably typical P. monophylla, in California and 
Nevada, has thicker and more rigid leaves and larger cones than 
the Arizona form.’ 


Trees and specimens of this new variety generally have been 
referred to Pinus monophylla on the basis of needle number. The 
varietal epithet fallax, deceptive, refers to this character. 


33h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. k 


However, herbarium specimens of the new variety are readily dis- 
tinguished by the slender narrow green needles only 1.0-1.4 mm. 
wide. P. monophylla has relatively stout, rigid, sharp-pointed 
needles varying greatly in length, 2-6 cm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, 
straight or slightly curved, and a different color, gray green 
(srayer than in P. edulis) or sometimes pale olive green. 


There are also slight differences in needle anatomy in cross 
section. Along with smaller diameter, the new variety has fewer 
(11-15) rows of stomata, usually thinner hypodermis, and fewer 
resin-ducts, usually 2 (-4), as observed by Tidestrom (Fl. Utah 
Nev. 52. 1925). Pinus monophylla has 20-36 rows of stomata, 
hypodermis of 1-3 layers of thick-walled cells, and 3-9 (16) 
resin-ducts. Of course, differences in needle anatomy are useful 
to the extent they are correlated with other morphological char- 
acters. For example, number of resin-ducts alone would not merit 
separation of populations into species. 


Seeds of Pinus monophylla are easily distinguished from seeds 
of P. edulis (including the new variety) by their larger size, 
15-22mm. lone, thinner shells or seed coats (0.1-0.2 m.), and 
chemical composition and taste. The shape is slishtly different, 
narrowly ovoid, relatively less broad and gradually tapering to 
base. The seeds are so thin-shelled that they can be crushed and 
cracked with the fingers, between thumb and forefinger, while 
seeds of P. edulis must be cracked with the teeth. 


Pinyon nuts of Pinus edulis, including the new variety, have 
an Oily flavor, while those of P. monophylla ere mealy. These 
taste differences have been confirmed by chemical analyses, for 
example, by C. W. Botkin and L. B. Shires (The composition and 
value of pinon nuts. N. Mex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 244, 14 pp., 
illus. 1948). Seeds of P. edulis average more than 60 percent 
fat, less than 20 percent carbohydrete, and less than 15 percent 
protein. Seeds of P. monophylla average less than 25 percent 
fat, more than 50 percent carbohydrate, and less than 10 percent 
protein. Most persons prefer the oily flavor over mealy. Nearly 
all the pinyon nuts or Indian nuts sold commercially belong to P. 
edulis. However, nuts of P. monophylla are harvested and con- 
sumed locally. Botkin and Shires reported a chemical analysis of 
one sample of P. edulis l-leaf variety from southeast of Kingman, 
Ariz., oily like the typical variety but with slightly higher fat 
content (65.66%). 


The two varieties of Pinus edulis have separate natural ranges 
and altitudinal zones but meet in a few places. Plants of the 
new, l-needle variety bear 2-needle fascicles rarely. Plants of 
the typical, 2-needle variety produce 2-needle fascicles rarely 
but not l-needle fascicles. 


Further field work in early autumn to collect specimens with 
filled seeds would be desirable in northwestern Arizona and 


1968 Little, New pinyon varieties 335 


southwestern Utah. In those regions, trees with both l- and 2- 
needle fascicles have been found. Pinus monophylla is known in 
Arizona only from the northwest corner, in Virgin Mts. and Huala- 
pai Mts. and vicinity in Mohave County. Eastward, for example, 
near Peach Springs, this species meets and may intergrade with 
the typical 2-needle variety of Pinus edulis. Also, P. edulis 
var. fallax may extend northwest to Hualepei Mts. 


Pinus edulis var. fallax has no outstanding characters of 
economic value. Its nuts are not of commercial importance be- 
cause of poor seed crops. No bumper pinyon nut crops have been 
reported within its range. Trees at low altitudes seldom mature 
seeds in quantities, and many full-size seeds are empty (blighted 
or blasted). This variety is located in a warmer climate than 
the typical variety and sheds pollen up to a month earlier. Be- 
cause of the longer srowing season, it might grow less slowly. 
This variety is hardy in a semiarid warm temperate climate and is 
classed doubtfully in Zone 7, while the typical variety is hardy 
in Zone 4. Like the latter, the new variety may have possibili- 
ties for planting for shelterbelts, timber, pulpwood, erosion 
control, wildlife cover and food, and Christmas trees. In future 
tree breeding programs for pinyon nut production, this large-seed 
variety of a lower altitudinal zone should be tested. 


Number of needles in a fascicle has been reduced to 1 indepen- 
dently in 3 species of pinyon, P. monophylla, P. edulis var. fal- 
lax, and P. nelsonii Shaw (Little in Seminar and study tour of 
Latin-American conifers. Mex. Inst. Nec. Invest. Forest. English 
Ed. No. 1: 90. 1962). In P. nelsonii of Mexico 3 very slender, 
weak needles cohere functionally ss 1. Reduction of needle num- 
ber in a fascicle occurs in semiarid regions with low rainfall 
and may be assumed to be an adaptation for reduced leaf surface 
with less transpiration. These illustrations with l-needle fas- 
cicles are interesting examples of reversible evolution from 
alternate leaves to whorled and back to alternate. The spur 
shoot in Pinus with mostly 2-5 needles may have developed from an 
ancestral type like Cedrus or Larix with needles both alternate 
on leading twigs and whorled on spur shoots. The l-needle pin- 
yons approach the original, primitive type with alternate leaves 
as in several related genera such as Picea, Tsuga, and Abies. 


PINUS CEMBROIDES Zucc. Mexican pinyon 
Pinus cembroides Zucc., K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munchen, 
Abhandl. Math.-Phys. 1: 292. 1832; Flora [Jena] 15 (2), 
Beibl. 92, 18322. 


Mexican pinyon was named from a specimen collected by Wilhelm 
F. Karwinski in central Mexico, apparently near Zimapdn, Hidalgo 
(Endlicher, Synops. Conif. 183. 1847). ‘The typical variety of 
this species is widely distributed in mountains of northern and 
central Mexico and extends northward into the United States only 
in Trans-Pecos Texas. It has fascicles of 2 slender leaves 


336 PRET OL Oe fsb Vol. 17, no. k 
mostly 2.5=-5 cm. long with 2-5 lines of dorsal stomata, a 
thick-walled seeds (0.5-1.0 m.) 


Ss] 


50 


In the restricted sense, Pinus cembroides has two additional 
varieties. P. cembroides var. remote Little (Wrightia 2: 182. 
1955), Texas pinyvon, rare and local in the Edwards Plateau and 
Trens-Pecos Texas, is characterized by leaves mostly 2 in a fas- 
cicle (with dorsal stomata) and by thin-walled seeds (0.1-0.4 
mm.). That variety might be of hybrid oricin between that 
species and P. edulis. The other variety is descrived below. 


PINUS CEMBROIDES Zuce. var. BICOLOR Little, var. nov. 
Mexican pinvon 


A varietate tynica differt foliis bicoloribus sine stomatibus 
dorsalibus, superficie dorsali atro-virenti et superficiebus ven- 
tralibus albis atoue glaucis: etiam strobilis minoribus 2-2 cm. 
longis seminibus paucioribus minoribus (8) 10-12 mm. lonzis. 


Arbor parva corona aperta extensa irreszulari vel rotunda, 
ramulis tenuibus griseis glabris; semmae cylindricae, acutae, 
leviter resinosae, squamis elonzato-acuminatis, eapice atro-rubro; 
folia acerosa, 2 (raro 2 vel h) in fasciculo, brevia, plerumoue 
2.5-4 (2-5) em. longa, 0.8-1.0 mm. lata, tenva, flexilia, acumin- 
ata, integra, bicoloria sine stomatiobus dorsalibus, stomatibus 
ventralibus 2-2 seriebus, ductis resiniferis 2 externalibus dor- 
salibus; vagina paulatim decidua; strobili subterminales, soli- 
tarii vel bini, brevi-pedunculati, subzlobosi, dehiscentes et 
decidvi, pervarvi, 2-2 cm. longi, fulvi; sauamae pluree vel mul- 
tae, apophysis rhomboidea, crassa umbone dorsali pleno inermi; 
-semina pauca, solitaria vel semina, ellivsoidalia, parva, (8) 10- 
12 mm. longa, 7-10 mm. lata, 7-8 mm. cressa, base atoue apice ro- 
tundo, aptera, testa crassa (0.7-1.0 m.). 


Differs from the typical variety in the two-colored leaves 
without dorsal stomata, dorsal surface dark green, and ventral 
surfaces white and glaucous; also in the smaller cones- 2-2 cm. 
long with fewer, smaller seeds (8) 10-12 mm. long. 


‘Small resinous tree 4-9 (15) m. high, with trunk 12-45 em. in 
diameter and open irregular or rounded spreading crown of nearly 
horizontal branches. Bark blackish or dark gray, rough, thick, 
furrowed into long scaly ridges or plates, often exposing orange 
brown or reddish brown inner bark, on large branches gray and 
smooth. Twigs slender, light gray, smoothish, hairless. Buds 
cylindric, acute, slightly resinous; bud-scales long acuminate, 
light brown, dark red at apex. Leaves needlelike, 2 (rarely 2 or 
4h) in fascicle, short, mostly 2.5-4 (2-5) cm. long, 0.8-1.0 mn. 
wide, slightly spreading, slender, straight, flexible, acuminate, 
entire, dorsal surface dark green without dorsal stomata, ventral 
surfaces white and glaucous with 2-2 inconspicuous rows of sto- 
mata; resin-ducts 2 external dorsal: with sheath of light brown 


1968 Little, New pinyon varieties 337 
membranous scales gradually deciduous. 


Year-old conelets on scaly stalk 5-8 mm. long, subglobose, 8- 
10 mm. long, light brown, umbo rhomboidal with weak horizontal 
keel and no prickle. 


Cones subterminal, single or paired, short-stalked, subglo- 
bose, dehiscent and deciduous, very small, 2-2 cm. long, 2-2.5 
em. in diameter when closed and 2-4 em. when open, yellow brown, 
often slightly reddish tinged. Cone-scales several to many, the 
apophysis rhomboidal, thick, keeled, the dorsal umbo flat, with- 
out prickle, apical and basal cone-scales reduced and sterile. 
Seeds few (sometimes only 1), single or paired, ellipsoidel, 
small, (8) 10-13 mm. long, 7-10 mm. wide, 7-S mm. thick, dark 
brown, rounded at base and apex, wingless, thick-walled (0.7-1.0 
mm.), edible, high in fat content and with oily taste. 


TYPE COLLECTION, ARIZONA: Santa Cruz Co., Coronado National 
Forest, Santa Rita Mts., Madera Canyon, Sec. 12, T. 20 5., R. 14 
E., alt. 6500 ft., May 20, 1968, E. L. Little, Jr. 23011 (female 
plant, cones and seeds under several trees: holotype, US; iso- 
types, A, ARIZ, NY, OKL, TEX, UC, UNM, USFS), 23010 (male plant), 
22012 (seedlings). 


DISTRIBUTION: Mountains at 5000-7000 (8000) ft. altitude in 
southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, northeastern 
Sonora, and western Chihuahua. Also local in mountains of Coa- 
huila, Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosf, and Zacatecas. 


New Mexico: Mountains of southwestern corner; Hidalgo Co., 
Peloncillo Mts. on Coronado National Forest, Animas Mts., Big 
Hatchet Mts.; Grant Co., mts. near Pinos Altos, Mule Creek, and 
Burro Mts. all on Gila National Forest. 


Arizona: Mountains of southeastern part including nearly all 
divisions of Coronado National Forest; Greenlee Co., mts. N. and 
E. of Clifton on Apache National Forest; Graham Co., Pinaleffo 
Mts. (Mt. Graham); Pima Co., Santa Catalina Mts. (Mt. Lemmon), 
Rincon Mts., Baboquivari Mts., Coyote Mts.; Santa Cruz Co., Santa 
Rita Mts., Ruby Mts. NW. of Nogales, Patagonia Mts.; Cochise Co., 
Huachuca Mts., Mule Mts., Whetstone Mts., Chiricahua Mts., Pelon- 
cillo Mts. Probably on other peaks reaching OOO ft. altitude. 


Sonora: Mountains in northeastern part and along interna- 
tional boundary west toward Nogales. 


Chihvahua: San Luis Mts. in northwestern corner along inter- 
national boundary. Apparently less common in Sierra Madre Occi- 
dental in western Chihuahua than typical variety; recorded from 
near El Vergel (Little 18919) in southwestern part, also an 
intermediate specimen with 2 rows of dorsal stomata on leaves 
collected 25 mi. W. of La Junta (Little 18907). 


338 PHYTOLOGIA Vol, 17, no. 


Specimens of Pinus cembroides without dorsal stomata were 
noted from other states of Mexico, as follows: 


TAMAULIPAS: 2 mi. N. of Miquihuana, July 11, 1949, Stanford, 
Lauber, Taylor 2297 (UTC). 


COAHUILA: Mt. Jimulco, 13 km. E. of Jimulco, alt. 2100 m., 
June 29, 1941, Stanford, Retherford, Northcraft 110 (CAL, UTC): 
Sierra de la Madera, Caffon del Agua, Mun. de Cuatro Ciénegas, 


Sept. 8, 1939, C. H. Muller 2229 (CAL). 


SAN LUIS POTOSI: 12 mi. SW. of San Luis Potosi, alt. 7800- 
8000 ft., July 28, 1958, R. M. Straw & M. Forman 1428 (US). 


ZACATECAS: Concepcién del Oro, Sierra Madre Oriental, alt. 
2500-2700 m., July 18-19, 1924, F. W. Pennell 17435 (US); Jaguey, 
Cedros, alt. 8000 ft., May 1908, F. E. Lloyd 64 (US, CAL). 


NUEVO LEON: Sierra de la Cebolla, Mun. de Montemorelos y 
Rayones, Aug. 21, 1929, C. H. Muller 2916 (CAL). 


All trees and specimens of Pinus cembroides Zucc. (sens. 
strict.) native in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mex- 
ico are referred here to var. bicolor, having two-colored leaves 
without dorsal stomata. This new variety of Mexican pinyon is 
not abundant within its range and does not form extensive wood- 
lands as does Pinus edulis northward. Instead, Mexican pinyon is 
scattered in evergreen woodlands of junipers and oaks in the Pin- 
yon-Juniper Type (SAF No. 239) and Interior Live Oak Type (SAF 
No. 241). It is less common than the associated tree species: 
Juniperus deppeana, Quercus emoryi, Q. hypoleucoides» Q. reticu- 
lata, Q. arizonica, Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica. 


Jack McCormick and John W. Andresen (A subdioecious population 
of Pinus cembroides in southeast Arizona. Ohio Jour. Sci. 62: 
159-162. 1963) studied Pinus cembroides in Chiricahua Mountains, 
Cochise County, Arizona, pinyon trees included here within the 
new variety. They reported that only about 2 per cent of the 
individuals were monoecious and the others either male or female. 
When the type collection for this new variety was made, most 
trees were readily separable into male or female, and a second 
collection was from a male tree. Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Moun- 
tains, is about 90 miles west of Chiricahua Mountains. In Madera 
Canyon pinyon trees are scattered and not abundant. 


The needle anatomy has been described and illustrated under 
Pinus cembroides by W. M. Harlow (The identification of the pines 
of the United States, native and introduced, by needle structure. 
N.Y. State Coll. Forestry Syracuse Univ. Tech. Pub. 22, 21 pp., 
illus. 1921). His description of the position of stomata, “ven- 
tral, rarely if ever dorsal as well,” clearly refers to the new 
variety. 


1968 Little, New pinyon varieties 339 


Absence of dorsal stomata in leaves was used to distinguish 
Pinus cembroides from P. edulis by Maxwell T. Masters ( A general 
view of the genus Pinus. Linn. Soc. London Jour. Bot. 25: 586, 
588. 1904). However, George Russell Shaw (The pines of Mexico. 
Arnold Arboretum Pubs. 1: 6. 1909) added that this character 
fails in Mexican specimens. Obviously Masters was observing this 
new variety from Arizona. 


Pinus cembroides var. bicolor is easily recognized by the 
slender leaves in a fascicle of contrasting colors, the outer 
surfaces dark green without rows of stomata and the inner sur- 
faces white. The two-colored leaves are conspicuous in herbarium 
specimens though less so in those dried by artificial heat. The 
whitish lines or rows of stomata are present on the dorsal leaf 
surfaces of other pinyons with two exceptions of limited distri- 
bution. P. guadrifolia Parl., Parry pinyon, of southern Cali- 
fornia and northern Lower California, has two-colored leaves but 
stout and mostly 4 in a fascicle, rarely with dorsal stomata. P. 
culminicola Andresen & Beaman, known only from Cerro Potosi, 
Nuevo Leén, has 5 leaves in a fascicle. 


Pinus cembroides var. bicolor, like P. edulis, could become 
a popular Christmas tree in the Southwest. The two-color foliage 
of slender dark green and white needles is especially attractive. 
Nearly all plants of this variety in the United States are within 
the national forests. Accordingly, the U.S. Forest Service would 
supervise the harvesting of Christmas trees on a sustained yield 
basis. 


The new variety of Mexican pinyon is of no commercial impor- 
tance for pinyon nuts because of its scattered occurrence, gener- 
ally poor seed production with no bumper crops, and particularly 
the small thick-shelled seeds. The wood should be suitable for 
the same uses as in other pinyon species, for example, mine tim- 
bers and pulpwood. The trees should be hardy in semiarid warm 
temperate regions and could be planted experimentally in marginal 
areas near the lower limits of trees. However, growth probably 
would be very slow. The new variety of Mexican pinyon is adapted 
to a mild winter climate and in hardiness is classed doubtfully 
in Zone 7, while the typical variety of Pinus edulis is in Zone}. 


Pinyon trees of three different taxonomic groups were col- 
lected by me in 1956 growing together where their ranges meet in 
central Greenlee County, Arizona. The easily accessible locality 
is along U.S. Highway 666 about 14 miles north of Clifton on the 
Apache National Forest (T. 2S., R. 29 E.). Here, side by side, 
in a shrub type at 6200 ft. altitude, were the following: Pinus 
edulis var. edulis to 20 ft. high and 8 in. d.b.h.,near its 
southwestern border and lower altitudinal limit; Pinus edulis 
var. fallax near its southeastern limit; and Pinus cembroides 
var. bicolor at its northernmost limit. There were no intermed- 
iate plants except that those of the l-leaf variety had some 2- 


30 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 
leaf fascicles. 


Trees of Pinus edulis var. edulis and P. cembroides var. bi- 
color grow together also along Arizona State Highway 75 in moun= 
tains about 15 miles east of Clifton on Apache National Forest 
(T. 4 S., R. 22 E.). Even though branches of both species were 
touching one another, I saw no intermediate or hybrid trees. 


Pinus cembroides var. cembroides may intergrade in Trans-Pecos 
Texas with P. edulis var. edulis, which extends southeast into 
two localities there. Also, P. cembroides var. remota of east- 
ward range into the Edwards Plateau might be partly of hybrid 
origin or possibly an ancestral intermediate type. Jack McCor- 
mick and John W. Andresen (Ohio Jour. Sci. 62: 162. 1962) men- 
tioned that Marion T. Hall had observed in central New Mexico, 
from the Sacramento Mountains northward to the Sandia Range, 
trees considered to be introgressants of the two species. 
Recently George G. Fogg has revorted hybridization in the Cem- 
broid pines (Ecol. Soc. Amer. Bul. 49: 71. 1968). 


Early in my field work with pinyons in Arizona and New Mexico, 
I observed the striking characters separating Pinus edulis and P. 
cembroides there. In the meantime I have studied P. cembroides 
in Texas and Mexico. After field work in April 1962, I reviewed 
the pinyons of Texas (Wrightia 6: 181-187. 1966). While working 
in Mexico in 1945, I observed P. cembroides near the type local- 
ity in Hidalgo. In Septeniber-October 1960 I made extensive col- 
lections of Mexican pines as the United States representative 
with the Seminar and Study Tour of Latin-American Conifers, under 
the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Mex. 
Inst. Nac. Invest. Forest. English Ed. No. 1, 209 pp., illus. 
1962). Again in March 1963 I collected pinyons and other pines 
in northern and central Mexico. 


The differences between Pinus edulis and P. cembroides in Ari- 
zona and New Mexico were summarized 230 years ago in a 2-page mim- 
eographed Research Note (Little, Mexican pinon (Pinus cembroides). 
Southwestern Forest and Range Expt. Sta. Research Note No. 47, 2 
pp. 1938). The essential details, which refer to P. cembroides 
var. bicolor, are quoted below. 


"While the academic question of ranking variations as separate 
species or merely varieties is unimportant in practical forestry, 
it so happens that seed characters of pinons, which several re- 
cent taxonomists have overlooked, are of great economic impor- 
tance. Actually, Pinus cembroides and Pinus edulis, as repre- 
sented in the United States, are so distinct that a single nee- 
dle, a single winter bud, a single seed, a single immature cone, 
and in most cases a single mature cone can be assigned with cer- 
tainty to one of the two species. {Note added in 1968: This 
statement does not hold for some Texas specimens of other vaer- 
ieties of P. cembroides. | 


1968 Little, New pinyon varieties 3u1 


"Differences between the two species which hold true for trees 
growing in Arizona and New Mexico are tabulated below. The char- 
acters of greatest taxonomic value are indicated by asterisks (*). 


CHARACTER PINUS CEMBROIDES PINUS EDULIS 
{var. bicolor | 
Needles 
*Number in cluster usually 2 By ageheculs ib @ig 3) 
Shape slender stout 
*Width less than i mm greater than 1 mm 
*Dorsal stomata absent h to 6 longitudi- 
nal rows 
Color of outer surface dark green light green 
Color of inner surface white all over more or less white 
Winter buds 
*Shape of scales long tapering point short-pointed 
Immature (year-old) cones 
*Stalk long, 5 to & mm long short, 2 to 2 mm 
long 
Leneth 8 to 10 mm 8 to 14 m 
Prickle on cone scale inconspicuous nearly 1/2 mm long 
Mature cones 
Length 20 to 25 mm 25 to 50 mm 
Shape nearly spherical longer than broad 
Seeds (nuts) 
Length 8 to 12 m 10 to 15 mm 
Thickness of shell 2/2 to 1 mm less than 1/2 mm 
*Strength of shell cannot be cracked easily cracked 
with the teeth with the teeth 
Eeonomic importance 
in United States none high 


"Other distinguishing characteristics have been proposed. 
There are a few microscopic differences in wood anatomy. Sud- 
worth (U.S. Dept. Agr. Buly.460) mentions the different numbers 
of cotyledons or seedleaves, 8 to 15 in Pinus cembroides and 7 to 
10 (the author finds 6 to 12) in Pinus edulis, but these numbers 
vary widely. The author is unable to detect differences in bark. 


"The two species may easily be distinguished by testing the 
nuts with the teeth. The most practicable vegetative character- 
istic in the field is the presence or absence of the white longi- 
tudinal rows of stomata on the dorsal or outer surface of the 
needles. This character is less conspicuous in herbarium speci- 
mens because the color fades, and, according to Shaw (The Pines 
of Mexico), does not hold in specimens from Mexico. In the field 
the slender, spreading needles of Pinus cembroides present a 
color contrast of dark green and white, while the stouter, light 
green needles of Pinus edulis, being mostly in twos, do not ex- 
pose their whitish inner surfaces as much... . 


32 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 


"In a few places in Arizona and New Mexico the ranges of Pinus 
cembroides and Pinus edulis meet, but they do not overlap much. 
Trees of the two species growing side by side are not distin- 
guishable at a distance but may readily be identified when the 
characters previously mentioned are examined. No intergrades or 
hybrids have been observed. It would be interesting to know whe- 
ther these closely related species shed their pollen at the same 
time. 


"Although it. is reported that they are gathered and eaten on 2 
large scale in Mexico, nuts of Mexican pinons are of no commer- 
cial value in the United States at present because of their hard 
shells. Mr. Karl Pitschner, of the Albuquerque Food Products 
Co., reports that in fairly well dried nuts the shells of Pinus 
cembroides make up 65 to 67 percent of total weight and shells of 
Pinus edulis only 48 percent. The abundance of Pinus cembroides 
is insignificant in comparic~n with Pinus edulis. Nut crops of 
Mexican pinon trees in the United States apparently are light or 
frequently failures. Only a few nuts are contained in one cone, 
and many nuts are empty. 


"Thus, Pinus cembroides and Pinus edulis in the United States 
are sufficiently distinct to be regarded as separate species, 
even under a conservative interpretation. Additional taxonomic 
study of Mexican trees and specimens, including examination of 
the type specimen of Pinus cembroides, is needed to test the con- 
stancy of the characteristics enumerated here.” 


KEY TO ARIZONA PINYONS 


The following key to the 4 taxonomic groups of pinyons (nut 
pines) native in Arizona will serve as a summary : 


Needles 1 (rarely 2) in fascicle 
Needies stout (1.5-2 mm. wide), light gray green; seeds 
very thin-walled, with mealy taste; northwestern 
AT ZONAcest Jet be “ 5 - » - - Pinus monophylla 
Needles slender (aa Lee wide), Light green; seeds 
thin-walled, with oily taste; central and eastern 


APPZONa Ger lehhe cl ehueths Ger che aeul. ds ‘anus Gdidds sweat esaes 


Needles 2 or 3 in fascicle 

Needles mostly 2 in fascicle, stout (more than 1 mm. wide), 
green, with 4-6 rows of dorsal stomata; seeds thin- 
Walled ssnortnernm and eastern Arizona 2). 2 7. . sll. 6 ale 

- enc : b. wemites Os - - Pinus edulis var. edulis 

Needles neseEAy; 3 in pase wene. slender (less than 1 than 1 mm. wide), 
two-colored, dorsal surface dark green without dorsal 
stomata, ventral surfaces white; seeds thick-walled; 


southeastern Arizona ... . Pinus cembroides var. bicolor 


Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C. 20250. 


Se 2eP e— 


THE ERUPTION IN HIIAKA CRATER, ISLAND OF HAWAII 


Otto & Isa Degener 


Hiiaka* Crater, a minor pit crater in Hawaii Volcanoes National 
Park anda named in honor of the sister of the Hawaiian Volcano God- 
dess Pele, showed activity at 6.5 A.M., August 22, 1968, the first 
time within the memory of man. Clouds of acrid fumes rose into the 
air to be carried by the trade wind in a southwesterly direction. 
Though the activity culminated in a 75-foot lava fountain, and a 
pool of lava 300 feet in circumference accumulated in the crater 
before draining away underground, the area became quiescent before 
noon of the same day. 


On August 2), we drove along the Chain-of-Craters Road, turning 
into the side road leading to Ainahou Ranch. For a distance of 
about a mile along this road or up to one and a half miles leeward 
as the crow flies from Hiiaka Crater, we noted the following common 
plants affected by the fumes: Sadleria cyatheoides (endemic), 
Lycopodium cernuum var. crassifolium (native), Arundina bambusi- 
folia (naturalized weed), Santalum paniculatum (endemic), Osteo- 
meles anthyllidifolia (native), Dodonaea viscosa s.l. (native), 
Styphelia tameiameiae (endemic), Vaccinium reticulatum (endemic), 
Buddleja asiatica (naturalized weed), Pluchea odorata (naturalized 
weed), and Railliardia ciliolata var. laxiflora (endemic). Their 
leaves showed signs of wilting andor yellowing and often death. 
What impressed us was that the endemic Metrosideros, often in- 
correctly considered conspecific with the New Zealand M. collina, 
showed no damage from the fumes at all, apparently having devel- 
oped an efficient immunity over the ages. 


*Incorrectly spelled "Heake" on the United States Geological 
Survey map, edition of 1933. 


343 


NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. LI 


Harold N. Moldenke 


DURANTA CAJAMARCENSIS Moldenke, sp. nov. 

Arbuscula valde armata; ramis rigidis tetragonis glabris niti- 
dis parce punctato-lenticillatis, angulis acutis saepe sultmargina- 
tis; ramulis abbreviatis spiniformibus 2--5 cm. longis rigidissi- 
mis apice argutis; laminis decussato-oppositis coriaceis ellipticis 
integris, apice acutis, ad basin longe attenuatis, juventute subtus 
pubesc mtibus, maturitate utrinque glabris; corollis albis. 

Very spiny shrub; branches medium-slender, rigid, acutely tet- 
ragonal, glabrous, shiny, sp*rsely lenticillate with more or less 
punctiform lenticels, the angles often submargined; twigs abbrev- 
jiated, decussate-opposite, very rigid, 2--5 cm. long, composed of 
several nodes and internodes, very sharply aculeate at the apex; 
leaves petiolate, decussate-opposite; petioles about 5 mm. long; 
leaf-blades coriaceous when mature, elliptic, 3--5 cm. long, 
1l—1.7 cm. wide, acute at the apex, entire on the margins, long- 
attenuate at the base, pubescent beneath when immature, glabrous 
and shiny on both surfaces when mature; flowers apparently a 
single pair on filiform peduncles about 5 mm. long at the apex 
of a very much abbreviated filiform twiglet in the axil of the 
leaf subtending a spine, this twiglet and peduncles puberulent; 
pedicels less than 1 mm. long, filifom, puberulent; calyx ob- 
conic, about ) mm. long, 2 mm. wide at the top, puberulent; 
corolla white, its tube equaling the calyx, its limb spreading 
or reflexed. 

The type of this species was collected by A. Sagdstesui A. 

(no. 6884) on a shrubby slope, at an altitude of 2500 meters, at 
Guzmango, in the province of Contumaza, Cajamarca, Peru, on 
October 5, 1967, and is deposited in my personal herbarium at 
Plainfield, New Jersey. 


VERBENA OCCULTA f. AURANTIACA Moldenke, f. nov. 

Haec forma a forma typica speciei corollis aurantiacis rece- 
dit. 

This form differs from the typical form of the species in 
having the corollas orange-red according to notes by the collector 
on the label of the type specimen. 

The type of the form was collected by N. Angulo (no. 1383) in 
a cultivated field at Humachuco, in the province of Humachuco, La 
Libertad, Peru, at an altitude of 2170 meters, on July 16, 1951, 
and is deposited in my personal herbarium at Plainfield, New Jer- 
sey. The term actually used by the collector to describe the 
color of the corollas is "naranjadas", The typical form of the 
species is described as having purple corollas, and there is an 
albino form knovm with white corollas. 


3L4 


BOOK REVIEWS 


Alma L. Moldenke 


"THE ELEMENTS OF CYTOGENETICS" by G. B. Wilson, 120 pp., illus., 
Reinhold Book Corporation, New York 10022, Amsterdam & Lon- 
don. 1968. $2.25. 


This paper—back is the eighth in the series edited by Peter 
Gray on SELECTED TOPICS IN MODERN BIOLOGY, and like the others 
provides the beginning student with a clearcut, interesting and 
intelligent survey of the field. It develops excellently basic 
principles, chromosome distributions in mitosis and meiosis or 
chromosome constitution, analysis, sex determination, and 
mechanics. 

There are included a useful glossary, a good bibliography, a 
needed index, and very helpful illustrations. 

This book will have its greatest use among college freshmen. 
It should also be used as enrichment for brighter high school 
biology students and for the interested layman. 


"FLORA NEOTROPICA" Monograph I "SWARTZIA" by Richard S. Cowan, 
227 pp., illus., Hafner Publishing Company, London & New 
York 10003. 1968. $13.00. 


The Organization for Flora Neotropica has just inaugurated 
this journal as a vehicle for monographic taxonomic accounts of 
plants growing spontaneously within the Western Hemisphere 
tropics. The contributions will have geographic, ecologic, 
cytologic, anatomic, chemical and economic data; they will be 
organized in similar formats with bibliographies, citation of 
specimens and indexes. The executive director is Dr. Bassett 
Maguire who is at the New York Botanical Garden. 

This first issue contains a very carefully developed mono- 
graphic study of the legume genus Swartzia of this area, 
omitting Bocoa, which may be a distinct genus. It is the 
thorough work of a well experienced field botanist and system- 
atist. There are clear geographic distribution maps, excellent 
drawings, a list of collectors with their collections, a numer- 
ical list of 127 species and 67 varieties, an exclusion list, 
and a correction sheet, all in clear print, 


"TAXONOMY OF AMERICAN SPECIES OF LINDEN (Tilia)" by George 
Neville Jones, 156 pp., illus., Illinois Biological Mono- 
graphs No. 39, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illin- 
ois, paperbound. 1968. 50 sh 6 d. or $5.95. 


Even though this study is the thorough one of an experienced 
teacher/field man/taxononist, the introduction and many descrip- 


35 


3h6 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no, k 


tive items make interesting and easily comprehended reading. 
Like the study above, it is well provided with a few geographic 
maps, specimen photographs, specimen citations, list of collec- 
tors, and index, 


"THE GENUS PINUS" by N. T. Mirov, viii & 602 pp., illus., Ronald 
Press, New York 10016. 1967. $15.00. 


This book represents a thorough and somewhat monographic study 
through interesting facts and easy writing style of the economic- 
ally important and conspicuous pine genus. The topics covered are: 
history, paleobotany, geography (a specialty of the author), 
genetics, morphology, reproduction, physiological ecology, bio- 
chemistry (omitting lumber studies but including many of the 
author's studies), classical and modern taxonomy (omitting the 
citation of specimens and still using the sections Haploxylon 
and Diploxylon), and an evaluating summary. 

Pims dates back to the Mesozoic, has become a larger group 
since glaciation even with man's onslaught considered, is well 
established throughout the North Temperate Zone, has spread ef- 
fectively into subtropical areas, and reproduces well and freely 
since all species have the same number and kind of chromosomes. 

This book is botanically needed because much has been learned 
(and published in many isolated places) since Shaw's monograph 
of 191, and Pylger's treatment in the Engler & Prantl of 1926. 
Literature is cited at the end of chapters, diagrams and fine 
photographs are included, and excellent species distribution and 
chemical distribution maps are presented. The print is easily 
read. The index is full. 


"A MANUAL OF PENICILLIA" by Kenneth B. Raper and Charles Than, 
ix & 875 pp., illus., copyrighted 192 and reprinted by 
arrangement, Hafner Publishing Company, London & New York 
10003. 1968. $27.50. 


The biochemical, medical and industrial development of peni- 
cillin from suitable members of the thousands of tested newer 
strains has meant that there are now thousands of pharmacists, 
pharmacologists, medical doctors, chemists, chemical engineers, 
technicians and other research assistants who need handy and 
accurate sources for the identification of their cultures. This 
offset printing of this earlier classic with its obvious de- 
scriptions, fine line drawings and photographs of many cultures 
in color and in black-and-white will fill much of that need very 
effectively. The system of nomenclature followed is more in 
manual than taxonomic monograph style stressing a workable sys- 
tem of descriptive diagnoses which will enable the user to iden- 
tify the Penicillium mold in his culture with the genus deemed 
to include all penicillate green molds with or without asco- 
spores. 

It is interesting to note that the authors persist in using 


1968 Moldenke, Book reviews 37 
the plural form of the genus as a proper name. 


"PLANT NEMATOLOGY" by W. R. Jenkins and D. P. Taylor, xvii & 270 
pp.-, illus., Reinhold Publishing Company, London, Amsterdam, 
& New York 10022. 1967. $12.50. 


Herewith a useful, fine book has been added to the "Reinhold 
Books in the Biological Sciences" series by eminently qualified 
authors. After a general introduction it covers anatomy and 
morphology with many fine original drawings and good photographs, 
nature and range of nematode damage to plants directly or indi- 
rectly in association with other pathogens, and descriptive 
accounts of the following nematodes -- lancers, lesioners, bur- 
rowers, cyst-formers, root-knotters, bulb and stem residents, 
stylet possessors, seed and leaf gallers, ring-formers, pins, 
sheathers, leaf dwellers, awlers, daggers, stubby rooters, etc., 
as well as several typical non-parasitic soil forms. Some 
chapters are devoted to kinds of chemical, physical and cultural 
control. Biological control by natural predators, by trap crops 
that prevent maturation after entry, by growth of antagonistic 
plants nearby and by development of resistant varieties and make 
very interesting reading. 

With only an estimated 2 percent of nematodes scientifically 
described to date and with an estimated 10--25 percent crop 
damage in the United States due to their depredations, this book 
should prove a fine introductory text and reference work for 
students in the field now or to be enticed into it. More materi- 
al of an ecological and physiological nature would have rounded 
out this survey better. 


"THE PRESERVATION OF NATURAL HISTORY SPECIMENS", Volume II by 
Reginald Wagstaffe and J. Havelock Fidler, xv & Ok pp., 
illus., Philosophical Library Press, New York 10016. 1968. 
$17.50. 


These British authors have a marked advantage over comparably 
trained American workers because the country of the former has 
been effectively preserving a world-wide assortment of nature 
materials for centuries longer than we in herbaria, museums, 
universities, etc. 

This volume explains clearly the most successful preservation 
methods for parts of, products of, or all of chordates (including 
Walter's plastic method for the reproduction of reptiles and am- 
phibians), all types of plants, and geologic materials (rocks, 
minerals, fossils, relief maps} . 

The first volume appeared in 1955 and dealt. with inverte- 
brates and their preservation. 

Several excellent appendices cover apparatus, preservatives, 
labelling, storage structures and problems, maintenance of col- 
lections, photographic records, and microscopy. 

This work makes an excellent, easily understood, yet thorough 
text for museum techniques and an excellent reference for the 


348 PHYTOL 0O7 A Vol. 17, now k 
professional and the amateur's guidance. 


"THE PYRAMID OF LIVING THINGS" by Edith Raskin, 192 pp., illus., 
McGraw-Hill Book Company, Toronto, London, Sydney, &« New 
York 100%. 1967. $4.50. 


In this book the important ecological concept of the title is 
explained several times over in interesting, simple, quick- 
reading language. Young students as well as adults could profit 
from it and enjoy it. The interdependence of all life especially 
through the food chain is demonstrated among some of the major 
creatures of the following biomes -—- the arctic and antarctic 
tundras, the tiagas, the deciduous forests, the middle latitude 
grasslands, the deserts, the tropical rain forests, and the 
savannas. 


ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. XIII 


Harold N. Moldenke 


ERIOCAULACEAE Lindl. 

Additional synonymy: Eriocauloneae Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. 13: 
45. 1828. Eriocaulaceae Desv. ex Bullock, Taxon 7: 15. 1958. 

Additional & emended bibliography: L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 87 & 
129. 1753; Crantz, Inst. 1: 360. 1766; Hill, Herb. Brit. pl. 66. 
1769; Hope, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 59: 21-245, pl. 12. 1770; 
Scop., Introd. Hist. Nat. 20). 1777; Huds., Fl. Angl., ed. 2, 2: 
ih. 1778; Walt., Fl. Carol. 83. 1738; Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: 
60. 1790; Cothen., Disp. 16. 1790; Schreb., Gen. 2: 666. 1791; 
L. C. Rich., Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 113. 1792; Vahl, Symb. 
Bot. 3: 99. 179i; Roxb., Hort. Beng. 68. 181; Vell., Fl. Flum. 
35 1825; Lodd., Bot. Cab. 1: pl. 1310. 1828; Desv., Ann. Sci. 
Nat. 13: 45. 1828; Bong., Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb., ser. 6, 
1: 1—7, pl. 1—19. 1831; Wall., Numer. List 207. 1832; Hook. 
in Curtis, Bot. Mag. 59: pl. 3126. 1832; Bong., Mém. Acad. Sci. 
St. Pétersb., ser. 6, 2: 219—238, pl. L1—19 (1833) and ser. 6, 
Sci. Nat. 1: 55-560. 1835; Mart., Nov. Act. Acad. Leopold.- 
Carol. 17 (1): 1--72. 1835; Bong., Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb., 
ser. 3, Bot. 9--29, pl. 20--25. 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 192— 
580. 181; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 654. 181; Griff., Itin. 
Notes [Posthum. Papers 2:] 65. 1848; F. Muell., Trans. Philos. 
Soc. Victoria 1: 23--2l. 1855; Steud., Syn. Pl. Cyp. 2: 261 & 268— 
283. 1855; Kérn., Linnaea 27: 561—692. 1856; Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum., 2. 1856; Benth., Fl. Hongkong 382. 1861; Ktrn. in Mart., 
Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 273—-508, pl. 38--62. 1863; T. Caruel, Mém. Soc. 
Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 1) [ser. 2, )]: 5--16. 1868; Ktrn. in 
Warming, Vidensk, Medd. Naturh. For. Kjgbenh. 23: 309—316. 1871- 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 39 


1872; Benth., Fl. Austral. 7: 192. 1878; F. Muell., Syst. Census 
Austral. Pl. 123. 1882; F. M. Bailey, Syn. Queensl. Fl. 578. 
1883; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3 (2): 1018--1025. 1883; Hieron. 
in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, 2 (4): 21--27. 1887; 
Poulsen, Vidensk. Medd. Naturh. For. Kjgbenh. 0: 221--283, pl. 
6—12. 1888; A. W. Chapm., Fl. South. U. S., ed. 2, 502—-50h, 
658, & 696. 1889; F. Muell., Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales 5: 250. 
1890; F. Muell., Bot. Centralbl. hh: 302. 1890; Morong, Bull. 
Torrey Bot. Club 18: 351--362. 1891; Maxim., Diagn. Pl. Nov. As. 
8: 25. 1892; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 
879. 1893; Moore & Betche, Handb. Fl. N. South Wales 4h0O. 1893; 
J. G. Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 20: 227. 1893; Coult., 
Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 59. 189); Jacks. in Hook. f. & 
Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 681. 1895; Britton & Br., Ill. Fl., 
ed. 1, 1: 371--373 & 602, fig. 899—901. 1896; Ruhl. in Engl., 
Bot. Jahrb. 27: 65-85. 1899; Tate, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. 
23: 291. 1899; H. T. Holm, Bot. Gaz. 31: 17--37. 1901; N. E. 

Br. in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 8: 255. 1901; F. M. Bailey, 
Queensl. Fl. 6: 1715. 1902; Prain, Bengal Pl., pr. 1, 1: 12. 
1903; B. L. Robinson, Rhodora 5: 175—-176. 1903; J. K. Small, 

Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. 1, 236. 1903; Post & Kuntze, Lexicon 
Sly. 1904; Ruhl. in Urb., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 519--520. 1906; 
Ang. Nopie heads, Sci. 17 G2 obs Qh fice 2 5 1906; C. His Wright, 
Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1907: 3--. 1907; Robinson & Fern. in A. 
Gray, New Man. Bot., ed. 7, 260—-261 & 893. 1908; M. A. Day, 
Check List 39. 1908; Beauverd, Boiss., ser. 2, 8: 986—988. 1909; 
Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 2h: 5-6. 1910; Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 
130. 1910; G. T. Stevens, Ill. Guide Flow. Pl. 9, fig. 5. 1910; 
A. Chev., Sudania 1: 7. 1911; W. H. Bre, Contrib. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 13: 323. 1911; Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26: [93-9]. 1912; 
Ann. Rep. N. J. State Mus. 1910: pl. 28, fig. 2. 1912; F. M. 
Bailey, Compreh. Cat. Queensl. Pl. 58). 1913; J. K. Small, Fl. 
Southeast. U. Se, ed. 2, 236. 19133; Britton & Br., Ill. Fl., ed. 
2, 1: 453-55 & [678]. 1913; Domin, Bibl. Bot. 20: 506. 1915; 
Maiden & Betche, Census New S, Wales Pl. 38. 1916; Fern., Rho- 
dora 23: 92. 1921; Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. 2: 133--150, 192— 
207, 259-266, & 307—320, pl. 1--))0 (1921) and 3: 12--18 & 91-- 
115, pl. 11--32. 1922; Molfino, Physis 6: 361--363. 1923; Ltitzel- 
burg, Estud. Bot. Nordéste 3: 147 & 150. 1923; Anon., Kew Bull. 
Misc. Inf. 1923: 303. 1923; Fyson, India Sp. Erioc. 1--88, pl. 
1--51. 1923; Herzog in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 20: 82--38. 
192); Ruhl. in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 22: 29-35. 1925; Alv. 
Silv., Fl. Mont. 1-26, pl. 1--25h. 1928; A. S. Hitchc., Prop. 
Brit. Bot. 122. 1929; Uphof in Karst. & Schenck, Vegetationsb. 

21 (1-2): n.p. 1930; Ruhl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 
10)0--10). 1930; Herzog in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 29: 202— 
213. 1931; N. E. Br., Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1931: 61. 1931; Ewart, 
Fl. Vict. 263. 1931; Solomon, Journ. Indian Bot. Soc. 10: 139-= 
144. 1931; Tu, Chinese Bot. Dict., abrdg. ed., 1347. 1933; R. M. 
Adam, New Fl. & Silv. 6: 60--63, pl. 2) & 25. 1933; J. K. Small, 
Man. Southeast. Fl. 258. 1933; Tang, Contrib. Inst. Bot. Nat. 
Acad. Peiping 2: 133. 193); H. B. Davis, Life & wiorks Pringle ]3, 


350 ae: a ao Po came a Vol. 17, no. k 


55, 56, 94, 105, 123, 11, 219, & 655. 1936; Van Steenis, Trop. 
Natuur 25: 2. 1936; Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19: 17—50. 19373 Cory, 
Texas Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 550: 29. 1937; Merr. & Walker, Bibl. 
East. Asiat. Bot. 33. 1938; Satake, Journ. Jap. Bot. 15: 140— 
iS & 627--632. 1939; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 309--3%. 1939; 
Moldenke, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 137--1)8. 190; Molden- 
ke, Phytologia 2: 6-—-7. 191; Wells, Bot. Rev. 8: 537. 192; Mol- 
denke in Lundell, Fl. Texas 3 (1): iis, 1942; Carolin. Florist 
Gov. J. Drayton S. C. 1h. 193; Black, Fl. S. Austral., ed. 2, 1: 
179. 1943; Moldenke in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 31: 
65—71. 19h; Rouleau, Contrib. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 5h: 

161 & 313. 194; Ryles & Robertson, U. S. Pub. Health Bull. 286: 
106. 1944; W. A. Murrill, Cuide Fla. Pl. 34. 1945; Castellanos in 
Descole, Gen. Sp. Pl. Argent. Erioc. 87, pl. 17. 1945; Abbiatti, 
Revist. Mus. La Plata Bot. 6 (26): 329-330, pl. 2 (1), fig. h (4) 
& 6. 1946; Razi, Journ. Mysore Univ. 7 (kh): 77. 196; Rhodora 8: 
iv & 58. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. [1]--62. 
1946; R. R. Tatnall, Fl. Del. 75. 196; Abbiatti, Soc. Argent. 
Bot. Bul. 1: 280—281. 196; W. Robyns, Pull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 
18: 135. 1946; J. Hutchinson, Botanist in South. Afr. 591, 65h, & 
660. 196; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 349--352. 197; Moldenke, 
Wrightia 1: 220-221. 198; Castellanos, Lilloa 20: 2). 199; 
Raizada, Sci. & Cult. 14: 387—388. 199; Faegri & Iversen, 
Text-book Mod. Pollen Analys. 193 & 221. 1950; Hare, Journ. Linn. 
Soc. Lond. Bot. 53: 422-18. 1950; Herter, Rev. Sudam. Bot. 8: 
163--16). 1950; Reitz, Anais Bot. 2: 32 & 3h. 1950; Satake, Journ. 
Jap. Bot. 26: 221. 1951; Maekawa, Journ. Jap. Bot. 26: 116. 

1951; Meikle, Am. Journ. Bot. 39: )—51. 1952; Penfound, Bot. 
Rev. 18: 31. 1952; Beard, Ecol. Monog. 23: 177. 1953; Zinderen- 
bakker, S. Afr. Pollen 1: 32, 36, & 79, pl. 7, fig. 33 & hh. 1953; 
Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 27: 98), 2026, & 3121. 1953; Moacyr Lisboa, 
Cent. Nascim. Leon. Bot. Damazio [2]. 195); Reitz, Sellowia 6: 
256. 1954; Koyama, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 8: 367—368 & 378, 
pl. 6. 1955; Razi, Journ. Mysore Univ. B.1) (10): 460. 1955; Razi, 
Contrib. Bot. 0: 92. 1955; Razi, Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India 21B 
(2): 82. 1955; Anon., Assoc. Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. Index 1955: 
29--30. 1956; Koyama, Journ. Jap. Bot. 31: 9-~1l, fig. 3. 1956; 
Masa Ikusi, Pollen Gr. Jap. 1956; Angely, Cat. Estat. 10: [2]. 
1956; Mutisia 25: 26, 1956; Rambo, Sellowia 7: 263 & 292. 1956; 
Soukup, Biota 1: 122 & 208. 1956; Boivin, Bull. Bot. Soc. France 
103: 503. 1956; Reitz, Sellowia 7: 9 & 12l-—-125. 1956; Moldenke, 
Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 116—1)1. 1957; M. T. Davis, Taxon 6: 
179 & 181. 1957; J. A. Steyerm., Fieldiana 28: 1188. 1957; Anon., 
Biol. Abstr. 29: 3248 & 3626. 1957; Angely, Fl. Paran. 7: 7 

(1957) and 10: 1--16. 1957; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 29: 328 & 3626 
(1957) and 30: 3931 & 4393. 1958; Anon., U. S. Dept. Agr. Bot. 
Subj. Index 5: 226-277. 1958; Kostermans, Proc. Sympos. Humid 
Trop. Veg. 159. 1958; Suvatabandhu, Proc. Sympos. Humid Trop. Veg. 
173. 1958; Alain, Revist. Soc. Cub. Bot. 15: 1 & 49. 1958; de 
Roon, Internat. Direct. Spec. 79, 201, & 231. 1958; Angely, Bol. 
Inst. Par. Bot. 8: 3h. 1958; Soukup, Biota 2: 57. 1958; W. Robyns, 
Fl. Cong. Belg. Tabl. Anal. 17, 57, & 64. 1958; Bullock, Taxon 7: 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 351 


15. 1958; P. van Royen, Nov. Guin., new ser., 10: 21—l);, fig. 1- 
5. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé [1], 3—16, 19, 22, 23, 25, 27, 32, 35- 
36, 1, u3—h8, Si--5h, 57, 63, 66—00, 83, bn, 87—89, 91, 92, 
9-109, 112117, 119, 123, 126, 129, 133-136, 10, 12—150, 
153, Ih, 156-163, 165~-167, 169--176, 178—181, 18), 186, 188, 
190--193, 201, 20—209, 211, 218, 220, 237, 20, 249, 277, 279— 
281, 284—29), 301, 302, 309, 320, 323-329, 33h, 342, 345, 350— 
352, 355, 395-02, hib——-h20, h2h, 426, 428, & 479—L93. 1959; 
Soukup, Biota 5: 300--301. 1959; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 33: 3171. 
1959; Taxon 8: 77. 1959; Bullock, Taxon 8: 171. 19593 Anon., As-— 
soc. Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. Index 1958: 31. 1959; J. Hutchin— 
son, Fam. Flow. Pl. 2: 57h. 19593; Razi, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 18: 
19. 1959; Anon., Kew. Bull. Gen. Index 1929-1956, 111. 1959; 
Reitz, Sellowia 11: 103. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: [1]——3, 
a19, 21, 23, 25, & 26 (1959) and 2: [1], 2, b—7, 9, & 16. 
1960; P. van Royen, Blumea 10: 126--135, fig. 1. 1960; Leenhouts 
in Lam & Leenhouts, Blumea 10 (2): xvi. 1960; Angely, Liv. Gen. 
Bot. bras. 9, 19, & lh. 1960; Angely, Fl. Paran. 15: 6& ly 
(1960) and 16: 33. 1960; Straka, Erdkunde 1): 60, 87, 90, & 95. 
1960; Renné, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. 68. 1960; Moldenke, Biol. 
Abstr. 35: 983, 1688, & 2177. 1960; Santapau, Fl. Bombay & Sal- 
sette [3]. 1960; Nath, Bot. Surv. South. Shan States 9 & 20. 
1960; Panigrahi & Naik, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: 383. 1961; 
Runner, Rep. G. W. Groff Coll. 292. 1961; Fables, Bartonia 32: 

9. 1961; Reitz, Sellowia 13: 37. 1961; Hamann, Willdenowia 2: 
640, 644, chart 1, 645, 651—65), 656--658, 660, 663, 665—685, 
687, 69h, 7u1—71h, 710, 7hh, 75, 7h6, 752, 75h, 761, & 763. 
1961; Angely, Fl. Paran. 17: 10, 12, & 2). 1961; Tamayo, Bol. 
Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 22: )O & 88. 1961; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 
36: 2843. 1961; Clapham, Tutin, & Warburg, Fl. Brit. Isles, ed. 
2, 961--962. 1962; Hamann, Willdenowia 3: 179 & 191. 1962; Mol- 
denke, Biol. Abstr. 0: 250 & 1560. 1962; Van Stecnis—Kruseman, 
Fl. Males. Bull. 3: xli, 687, 780, 781, 861, & 862. 1962; J. H. 
Willis, Handb, Pl. Vict. 281. 1962; K. Larsen, Nat. Hist. Bull. 
Siam Soc. 20: 113. 1962; Hatusima, Mem. South. Indust. Sci. Inst. 
Kagoshima Univ. 3 (1): 123 (1962) and 3 (2): 123 & 131. 1962; G. 
L. Shah, Bull. Bot. Surv, India h: 237. 1962; L. B. Sm., Contrib. 
U.S. Nat. Herb. 35: 225. 1962; Angely, Fl. Bacia Par, 22: 15, 
25, & 31. 1962; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: [1]--5, 9, 12, 15—2h, 
26, 28, 31, & 32 (1962), ks [1]—7, 11, & 21 (1962), and 5: [1], 
2, 5, & 6. 1962; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. Aw: 591-593 (1962) and 
A.6: lbh. 19635 H, P, Riley, Fam. Flow. Pl. S. Afr. 199. 1963; 
Prain, Bengal Pl., pr. 2, 1: 121 (1963) and 2: 8)7—8)8. 1963; 
Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 2: 1517. 1963; Soukup, Biota : 320. 
1963; E. H. Bryan, Pacific Botanists. 1963; Killick, Bot. Surv. 
S. Afr. Mem. 34: 87, 108, 109, & 119. 1963; Hegnauer, Chemotax. 
Pfl. 2: 152--15h & 517. 1963; Arker, Water Pl., ed. 2, 286. 1963; 
Je Joseph, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 283 & 297. 1963; Montgomery 
& Fairbrothers, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 92 & 96. 19633; Glea- 
son & Cronquist, Man. Vasc. Pl. 183--18). 1963; Espirito Santo, 
Junta Invest. Ultramar Est. Ins. & Docum. 10h: 5h & 88. 1963; 


352 PY ho. Loe bx Vol. 17, no. k 
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 6: [1], 2, 5, 6, 8, & 9 (1963), 7: 3—6 
(1963), 8: 2, 3, & 5 (196k), 9: 6 (19645, 10: 1, 2, & L—7 (196), 
and 11: [1] & 4--6. 196; Moldenke, Diol. Abstr. 45: 3521, 5019, 
Bou3, Bolu, B.117, & B18. 19645 Angely, Bibl. Veg. Paran. 90, 
98, 101, 155, 158, 182, 195--197, & 253. 1964; Angely, Yl. Paran. 
32: 60. 196; Moldenke, liém. lius. Hist. Nat. Paris, new ser. B 
Bot. 15: 6. 1964; Koyama in Kitamura, biurata, & Koyama, Col. 
Illustr. Herb. Pl. Japan 175--185, pl. 8. 1963; Anon., Biol. Ab- 
str. 45: Be2 & B.116. 1964; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.3: 190. 
1964; Soukup, Biota 5: 194. 1964; P. Tomlinson, Journ. Linn. Soc. 
Lond. Bot. 59: 163—173. 1964; Anon., Assoc. Etud. Tax, Fl. Afr. 
Trop. Index 1963: 9. 1964; Anon., Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 51: iv. 
1964; Langman, Select. Guide Lit. Flow. Pl. Mex. 911. 196k; Anon,, 
Assoc. Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. Bull. 15: 23. 1964; Maguire, 
Assoc. Trop. Biol. Bull. 3: 25. 1964; Altman & Dittmer, Biol. 
Data Book 568. 1964; Klein, Anais XV Congr. Soc. Bot. Bras. 271. 
196); Marie-Victorin, Fl. Laurent., ed. 2, 83, 90, 579, & 857. 
1964; Rao & Sastry, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 281 & 28h. 196k; 
Punt, Reg. Veg. 9. 196; Batson, Wild Fls. S.C. 28. 1964; Pani- 
grahi, Chowdhury, Raju, & Deka, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 260—- 
261. 1964; Bhattacharyya, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 208. 196k; 
C.M.&D.S. Patel, Vidya 7: [58]—70. 196); Moldenke, Biol. 
Abstr. 6: 1012 & 2131 (1965), 46 (3): B.46 & B.12l (1965), and 
6 (6): B.S. 1965; F. A. Barkley, List Ord. Fam. Anthoph. 15, 
113, & 164. 1965; Naurois & Roux, Bull. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noire A. 
27: 85h. 1965; S. A. Manning, Syst. Guide Flow. Pl. 2 & 237. 
19653; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 6 (6): B.45. 1965; Hunter, Assoc. 
Trop. Biol. Bull. 5: 33. 1965; Hedberg, Assoc. Etud. Tax. Fl. 
Afr. Trop. Bull. 16: . 1965; R. C. Cook, Leaders Am. Sci., ed. 
6, ly. 1965; A. Robyns, Ann. No. Bot. Gard. 52: 238, 239, 2h2, 

& 246. 1965; F. H. Montgomery, Native Wild Pl., pr. 2, 9. 1965; 
Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 181--191. 1965; J. S. Beard, 
Descrip. Cat. W. Austral. Pl. 9. 1965; D. Walker, Govt. Sarawak 
Sympos. Ecol. Res. Humid Trop. Veg. ine 1965; Thanikaimoni, 

Mém. Hus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris, new ser. B, lu: 9—38. 1965; 
Hedberg, Webbia 19: 526. 1965; Humbert, Trav. Sect. Scient. & 
Techn. Inst. Frang. Pond., ser. 6, Not. Carte Madag. 66. 1965; 
Stocking, Nat. Conserv. Ecol. Stud. Leafl. 6: [15]. 1965; F. k. 
Fosberg, Govt. Sarawak Sympos. Ecol. Res. Humid Trop. Veg. 286. 
1965; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: [1]—5 & 7--12 (1965), 13: [1], 
3, 5, & 7 (1966), and 1h: [1]—-3, 8, & 9. 1966; F. H. Montgomery, 
Plants from Sea to Sea } & 9. 19663; Thanikaimoni, Biol. Abstr. 
7: 169. 1966; O. D. Evans, Contrib. New S. iiales Nat. Herb. Fl. 
Ser. 27/28: 9--12. 1966; Kral, Sida 2: 285-—332. 1966; Erdtman, 
Pollen Morph. 163, fig. 9). 1966; Anon., Ind. Bibliog. Bot. Trop. 
3 (1): 41. 1966; P. B. Tomlinson, Excerpt. Bot. 10 (lh): A.310. 
1966; Airy Shaw in Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7, vii, 1ii,168, 
223, 22h, 349, 396, 17, 418, 483, 620, 647, 758, 950, 956, 1057, 
1091, & 1092. 1966; Anon., Gen. Costa Ric. Phan. 2. 1966; R. C. 
Jacks., Reg. Veget. 3: 33. 1966; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 7 (10): S. 
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148. 1966; Shinners, Sida 2: 1. 1966. 


PHYTOLOGIA 


Designed to expedite botanical publication 


Vol. 17 ii November, 1968 No. 5 
CONTENTS 
~ CHUNG, In-Cho, Studies in Manettia (Rubiaceae) Section 
Pyrrhanthos Schum 353 
LITTLE, E. L., Jr., Transfers to Guapira from Torrubia 
(Nyctaginaceae). : AA i PRA See io) ei 


- DEGENER, O. & I., Review of F. E. Wimmer, Campanulaceae- 
Lobelioideae Supplementum et Campanulaceae-Cyphioideae. 
Das Pflanzenreich, IV. 276c (108. Heft), 1-X, 816-1024; with 
description of Trematolobelia wimmeri Deg. & Deg., sp. nov. 369 


, 


4 MOLDENKE, H.N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. XIV 


_ KOYAMA, T., Iconographia Cyperacearum II 


RENE. A. LL: Book reviews . 


Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 


303 Parkside Road , 
Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 eg 
U.S.A, of 


Price of this number, $1; per volume, $6.75 in ssacige oad 
or $7 at close of volume 


rz 


#396 


. 422 


\ NOV 18 1968 


_~ 


NEW YORK 


STUDIES IN MANETTIA (RUBIACEAE) 
SECTION PYRRHANTHOS SCHUM. 


In-Cho Chung, Mansfield State College 


The first of this series of papers, section Heterochlora, 
appeared in Phytologia vol. 15 (no. 4): 272-288, 1967. 


Six species are recognized in section Pyrrhanthos in this 
paper. The morphological characteristics of the section are as 
follows. The corolla is red, clavate-tubular or infundibular, 
gradually widened from the base upwards, 2-6 cm. long, mostly 
glabrous outside, sometimes sparsely puberulent with 1-few-celled 
hairs, or rarely densely pubescent with slender multicellular 
hairs outside, glabrous within except for a band of hairs near 
the base of the tube. Anthers are subsessile to with more or 
less apparent filaments, the filaments 0.5-5 mm. long, inserted 
at the summit of the corolla-tube. Stigmas are ovate to oblong, 
obtuse at the apex. The disk is free from the calyx; calyx- 
lobes 4. 


Key to Species 


1. Leaves very small, 7-15 (24) mm. long, with no apparent 
lateral veins; corolla glabrous outside. 

2. Leaves coriaceous, elliptical, rarely ovate, 4-7 mm. 
wide, obtuse at apex, rounded to obtuse at base; 
calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse, about 2 mm. long; stip- 
ules coriaceous, truncate, glandular-toothed, hispid 
outside; branches subtetragonal to subterete, striate, 
scaberulous, with hispid, short hairs turned upward 
on the angles of young branches. 

West Enduicsnn i ss es a nulenesl te maemo OOM UGE sts 

2. Leaves membranous, narrowly lanceolate, 1.5-3 mm. 
wide, acute to acuminate at apex, attenuate at base; 
calyx-lobes linear, acute, 3-4 mm. long; stipules 
membranous, with deltoid, entire, short, free portion, 
glabrous; branches strongly tetragonal, winged, 
smooth, glabrous. Uruguay, S. Brazil. . M. tweedieana 

1. Leaves large, 2.5-14 cm. long with conspicuous lateral veins. 

3. Flowers 4 or 5 in terminal cymes; calyx-lobes linear, 
attenuate-acuminate, 11-18 mm. long; free portion 
of stipules with 3 unequal aristae; corolla glabrous 
outside. Mexico ..... +. » « - « - M. Zimapanica 

3. Flowers 1 or 2 in leaf-axils and 1 to several at 
the end of short branches; calyx-lobes broadly ovate 
to linear, if linear or linear-subulate, then pedi- 
cels, ovaries, calyx-lobes, and outer surface of 
corolla densely pubescent with slender multicellular 
hairs. Central S. America. 


353 


35k PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. § 


4. Corolla and capsules densely pubescent with slender 
multicellular hairs outside. S. Brazil. .M. pubescens 
4. Corolla and capsules glabrous or puberulent weer 
l-few-celled hairs. 
5. Pedicels capillary, with 2 basally conate 
bracts at the base; capsules oblong to oblong- 
turbinate, 5-8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide; stigmas 
oblong;. .8. Brazil, + 5 ss « « + + + Me oractiia 
5. Pedicels not capillary, naked or with 2 distinct 
bracts near the middle; capsules mostly subcom- 
pressed ellipsoidal with slightly tapered apex 
or subglobose, mostly 8-12 mm. long, 6-7 mm. 


wide; stigmas ovate. Central S. America. 
0° fm 16 Giny) eth de Slide en pels. beet’) #08) 00 ae | Mes COLELLOLIS 


M. domingensis Sprague, Bull, Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 266. 
1905. Type: Eggers 2178 (K, isotypes BM,G). Fig. l. 


Branches slender, subtetragonal to subterete, striate, sca- 
berulous, with hispid short hairs turned upward on the angles 
of young branches, internodes slightly shorter than the leaves; 
stipules truncate without free portion, coriaceous, glandular- 
toothed, hispid outside; petioles very short, 0.5-2 mm. long, 
hispid, leaf-blades coriaceous, elliptical, rarely ovate, obtuse 
at the apex, rounded to obtuse at the base, 7-15 (24) mm. long, 
4-8 mm. wide, with no apparent lateral veins, glabrous on the 
wrinkled upper surface, glabrous beneath except for the short 
hispid hairs on the midvein, ciliate on the reflexed margins; 
flowers solitary rarely two at the ends of short lateral and 
terminal branchlets; pedicels slender, 5-9 mm. long, glabrous; 
calyx-lobes oblong, mostly about 2 mm. long and about 1 mm. 
wide, obtuse, glabrous, l-nerved, connate at the base for about 
0.2 mm.; corolla 20-30 mm. long (the lobes 4-6 mm. long), about 1.5 
mm. wide at the base, 4-6 mm. wide at the apex of the tube, 
glabrous outside, glabrous within except for a band of hairs near 
the base; stamens reaching the apex of the corolla; filaments 
3-5 mm. long, inserted at the apex of the corolla tube; anthers 
2-2.8 mm. long; style exserted for about 3 mm., stigmas short, 
ovate, obtuse at the apex; disk free; capsules turbinate to 
oblong-turbinate, 5-7 mm. long, glabrous, West Indies: Sto. 
Domingo: Valle Nuevo, Eggers 2178 (BM,G,K), Santiago Bueno 1772 
(F,GH); Prov. Azua, Ekman Ho284 (S,US), H1198 She 
Prov. La Vega: Fuertes 1754 (G,GH, NY,P,US); Prov. San Juan: 
Sanbana Nueva, Howard 9012 (BM, NY, P,S, US). 


1968 Chung, Studies in Manettia 355 


M. tweedieana Schum. Mart. Fl. Brass. 6 (6): 1889. 
Type: Tweedie. Fig. 2. 


Branches slender, strongly tetragonal, winged on the angles, 
glabrous, smooth; stipules membranous, glabrous, 1-1.5 mm. long 
including the deltoid, entire free portion; leaf-blades narrowly 
lanceolate, acute to acuminate at the apex, attenuate to very 
short petioles, about 10 mm. long, 1.5-3 mm. wide, with no apparent 
lateral veins, glabrous on both sides except for the minute his- 
pidulous hairs near the reflexed margins; flowers solitary, term- 
inal; pedicels 8-18 mm. long, glabrous; calyx-lobes linear, 3-4 mn. 
long, about 0.3 mm. wide, acute, glabrous, connate at the base, 
alternate with glandular-toothed deltoid lobules (0.5 mm. long); 
corolla 30-37 mm. long (the lobes 2-3 mm. long), 1.7-2 mm. wide 
at the base, 6 mm. wide at the apex of the tube, glabrous outside, 
glabrous within except for a band of hairs near the base; anthers 
about 2.5 mm. long, nearly sessile, the very short filaments 
about 0.5 mm. long, inserted at the apex of the tube; style ex- 
serted for about 4 mm; stigmas ovate, obtuse at the apex. 

Uruguay: Rio Grande, Tweedie (type, B, photo!), Brazil: Santa 
Catharina, Tweedie (GH, K). 


M. zimapanica Hemsl. Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mex. 30. 1878. 


Type: Coulter 203 (K). 


Flower-bearing branchlets subterete to somewhat compressed, 
moderately pubescent with short, spreading hairs; free portion 
of stipules trisetose, the middle arista 2-2.5 mm. long, the 
lateral aristae 1-1.5 mm. long, the sheath pubescent outside; 
petioles 4-5 mm. long, sulcate, pubescent; leaf-blades ovate- 
lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate at the apex, attenuate at the 
base, 6-9.5 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, sparsely pubescent except the 
upper surface of the midvein with dense short broad hairs and 
the lower surface of 3 or 4 pairs of lateral veins with moderate 
hairs; flowers 4 or 5 in terminal cymes; pedicels slender, 5-20 
mm. long, minutely puberulent; ovaries semispherical, 1.5-2 mm. 
long, glabrous; calyx-lobes linear, attenuate-acuminate, 11-18 mm. 
long, connate at the very base, 1-3-nerved, sparsely ciliate, 
glabrous on both sides; corolla 35-39 mm. long (the lobes 5-7 mm. 
long), glabrous outside, glabrous within except the pubescent 
basal 10 mm; anthers about 3 mm. long, subsessile, inserted 
near the apex of the tube in short-styled flowers; stigmas oblong, 
obtuse at the apex. 
Mexico: Zimapan, Coulter 203 (K). 

The disk is slightly convex and free from the calyx, or 
nearly flat to slightly concave and adnate to the calyx-tube. 


356 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 5 


M. pubescens Cham. & Schl. Linnaea 4: 170. ° 1829; 

Type: Sellow. Figs. 4-9. 

M. villosa Cham. & Schl. 1.c. 172. 1829. Type: Sellow. 

Sellow 1750 (B, photo)! 

M. confe reiflora Benth. Linnaea 23: 443. 1850. 

Type Regnell T: 368! 

ri ubescens var. villosa Schum. Mart. Fl. Bras. 6(6): 173. 
aes. 


Branches, petioles, lower surface of leaves, pedicels, ovaries, 
capsules, calyx-lobes, outer surface of corolla densely pubescent 
with slender multicellular hairs; free portion of stipules erect, 
mostly lanceolate, often tapering to an arista, frequently 3-lobed, 
with the lateral ones shorter and setaceous, the middle one up to 
11 mm. long; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate to linear-subulate, 

5-13 mm. long, subulate short (1-5 mm. long) lobules usually 

present; corolla 33-50 mm. long, 4-8 mm. wide; filaments about 1 mm. 

long, anthers about 5 mm. long; capsules subcompressed ellipsoi- 

dal, 6-15 mm. long, 5-7 mm. wide; leaf-blades mostly ovate, rounded 

to obtuse at the base, acuminate at the apex, 25-80 mm. long, 

12-38 mm. wide. 

Brazil: Prov. Minas Geraes: Damazio 966 (G), 40153 (NY), 

Glaziou 17630 (P), Macedo 2895 (BM, G, MO, US), Mosen 905 (Ss), 

1864 (S), Regnell JN SSTETS) 366 (Ke PP} S); ar Hilaire 52 529 in in part (P), 
Widgren 189 ts ), Sen. anno 1845 (GH, K, S); Rio deJaneiro: 

Teepe (TF); S. Paulo: Leite 3951 (F), Loefgren 3445 (FP), 

P. Campos Porto 3273 (F); Prov. Parana: Dusen 16539 (MO, S); 

Prov. Sta. Catharina: Dusen 8416 (F, S), Ule 1261 (P); Prov. 

Rio Grande doSul: Leite 2772 (F), Rambo 42076 (F). 


M. gracilis Cham. & Schl. Linnaea 4: 169. 1829. 
Type: Sellow photo! 
Var. gracilis. Fig. 3. 


Young branches slender, subterete, striate, densely pube- 
scent; stipules deltoid, erect, toothed; petioles 12-18 mm. long, 
densely pubescent; leaf-blades ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the 
base, acuminate at the apex, 3-7 mm. long, 6-25 mm. wide, moderately 
pubescent beneath, with 4 or 5 lateral veins on each side of the 
midvein; flowers 1 or 2 in the leaf axils or several at the end 
of the branchlets; pedicels capillary, 12-18 mm. long, glabrous 
or puberulent, with 2 small, basally connate bracts at the base; 
Ovary glabrous to puberulent; calyx-lobes deltoid to lanceolate, 
more or less pubescent, 1-1.5 mm. long, connate at the base for 
about 0.5 mm; corolla 23-30 mm. long, slender, 3-5 mm. wide, gla- 
brous or sparsely pubescent outside with slender few-celled 
hairs, glabrous within except for a band (3-5 mm. long) of hairs 
near the base; stigmas oblong, obtuse; anthers 2.5-4 mm. long; 
filaments 1.5-3 mm. long, inserted at the apex of the corolla- 
tube; capsules oblong to oblong-turbinate, 5-8 mm. long, 3-4 mn. 
wide, glabrous or sparsely puberulent. 

Brazil: Prov. Minas Geraes: Regnell I: 366 in part (S)? Prov. 

San Paulo: Hoehne 1642 (F), Weir s.n. (BM); Prov. Parana: Dusen 
9984 in part (NY, PH, S); Prov. Santa Catharina: Reitz & Klein 3401 
in part (NY, UC, US), 4115 (G, NY, UC, US), 6912 (UC, US). 


1968 Chung, Studies in Manettia 357 


M. gracilis var. glabra Benth. Linnaea 23: 444. 1850. 
Type: Regnell I: 366! 

M. burchellii Wernh. Journ. Bot. 57 Suppl. 18. 1919. 
Type: Burchell 4855 (kK)! 


Branches glabrous; petioles ciliate; leaf-blades glabrous 
except for the puberulent veins on the lower surface; pedicels 
and calyx-lobes glabrous. 
Brazil: Prov. Minas Geraes: Hoehne 10-5-1927 (NY), 19536 (F), 
Novaes 3634 (F), Regnell I: 366 (S, US), Widgren 191 (S); Rio 
deJaneiro: Brade 14642 (F), 21224 (F); Prov. S. Paulo: Brade 6314 
(S), Hoehne 17637 (F), 42644 (F), Eiten 2793 (NY, US), Mosen 1340 
(S), Uster1 128 (K), Weir 226 (F, BM), s.n. (K); Prov. Parana: 
Dusen 9765 (BM, F, G, S, US), 9904 (NY), 9984 in part (UC), Jonsson 
283a (BM); Prov. Santa Catharina: Bowie & Cunningham s.n. (BM), 

123 (Fy 


Reitz & Klein 4240 (NY, S, UC, US), Schwacke ; Burchell 
4855 (K). 7 


Key to the Varieties and Forms of 
M. cordifolia 


1. Calyx-lobes connate at the base. 
2. Corolla glabrous outside or nearly so. 
3. Leaves more or less pubescent. 

4. Leaves at least puberulent on the veins 
beneath, but not tomentose. 
EP Amor Pobre Bal a som oc Ot Benet. SaViarys -COLEGILOlalal 

4. Leaves tomentose beneath with gray or 
yellowish-brown hairs. 


eo es NoNSs % Savars cordifolnarttorm. -incana 
3. Leaves glabrous. 
5. Branches subterete, glabrous. . .var. glabra 
5. Branches tetragonal, with short, reflexed, 


hispid hairs ‘on the angles. 92%. %) 3) is) %) Ve 


Benes (2 3. Siwaregllabra form.) bolaivvanal 
2. Corolla puberulent outside; iaumed and branches 
puberulent. 9%. 2. 2. - ” o 88. var. ihassleriana 


1. Calyx-lobes free to the base, broadly ovate. 

6. Young branches subterete, densely pubescent; leaves 
more or less pubescent above; pedicels densely 
pubescent; ovary glabrous or nearly so; calyx-lobes 
glabrous or with a few hairs near the base of margins; 
corolla glabrous outside. ... . . .var. paranensis 

6. Young branches compressed, minutely puberulent; 
leaves glabrous or nearly so above; pedicels 
minutely puberulent; ovary minutely puberulent to 
glabrous; calyx-lobes sparsely minutely puberulent 
to glabrous except ciliolate margins; corolla more 
or less puberulent to glabrous. . . var. chrysoderma 


358 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, mo. 5 


M. cordifolia Mart. Denkshr. K. Acad. Muench. 9: 95, t.7 
L824 eee 

Var. cordifolia. Figs. 10-16. 

M. asperula Benth. Linnaea 23: 444. 1850. Type: Regnell I: 
367 (K)! ak 


M. attenuata Nees & Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 12(1): 14. 
L624,5 i eae eee 

M. cordifolia var. attenuata (Nees & Mart.) Wernh. Journ. 
Bot. 57 Suppl. 20. 1919. 

M. grandiflora Miq. Linnaea 22: 803. 1849. Type: Blanchet 
3600! 

Guagnepina nebina\ idnita, Vella» Flor. Fium.) 45,. 13) ¢.. 215 ..kb25% 

7 Ge f M. ignita (Ve Schum. var. cordifolia Schum. Mart. Flor. 

Bras, 6( Tis 1889. 

M. igcanthden cea Griseb. Abh. Wiss. Goett. 19: 159. 1874; 
Plant. Lorentz. lI1. 1874. Type: Lorentz 365! 


M. Stipulosa Wernh. Journ. Bot. 57 Suppl. 21. 1919. Type: 
el 


Gardner s.n. 


Branches subtetragonal to subterete, striate, densely pub- 
escent to glabrous; stipular sheath about 1 mm. high, pubescent 
to glabrous; free portion of stipules erect, deltoid to subulate, 
mostly 1-2 mm. long rarely 3-4 mm. long, pubescent to glabrous, 
toothed; leaf-blades membranous to chartaceous, ovate to ovate- 
lanceolate, rounded to attenuate at the base, acuminate to long- 
attenuate at the apex, with 3-5 lateral veins on each side of 
the midvein, densely pubescent on both sides to nearly glabrous 
except on the veins beneath, 2.5-12 (14.5) cm. long, 1-6.5 (9) 
cm. wide; petioles 2-15 (rarely up to 40) mm. long, pubescent; 
upper leaves on flowering branchlets much smaller, nearly orbi- 
cular to lanceolate, cordate to obtuse at the base, acute to 
acuminate at the apex; flowers axillary and terminal on branch- 
lets, solitary to in cymelike inflorescences; pedicels 13-60 mm. 
long, pubescent to glabrous, naked or with small bracts near 
the middle or above the basal part; ovaries oblong to oblong- 
turbinate 3-5 mm. long, pubescent to glabrous; calyx-lobes 
connate at the base for 0.5-1.5 mm., free portions ovate-lan- 
ceolate to lanceolate, acute to acuminate, pubescent to glabrous, 
2-8 mm. (rarely 10-11.5 mm.) long and 0.5-2 (rarely 3-4) mm. wide, 
sometimes with small teeth or lobules in between; corolla 3.5-6 cm. 
long (lobes 3-5 mm. long), glabrous outside, densely pubescent 
within for 5-10 mm. near the base of the tube; anthers about 4 mm. 
long, half-exserted; filaments about 2 mm. long, inserted at the 
apex of the tube; stigmas exserted, ovate, obtuse; disk free from 
the calyx-tube; capsules mostly subcompressed ellipsoidal with 
slightly tapered apex, (6-7) 8-12 (15) mm. long, (4-5) 6-7 (8) 

mm. wide, mostly glabrous. 


1968 Chung, Studies in Manettia 359 


Brazil: Prov. Bahia: Blanchet 2092 (BM, G, NY), 3600 (BM, G, K, 
MO, P); Prov. Goyaz: Gardner 3769 (BM, F, G, K, NY, P); Prov. 
Mato Grosso: Lindman A3417 (S), Moore 553 (BM), Weddell 3323 (F); 
Prov. Amazonas: Rio Acre, Ule 9864 (G, K); Prov. Minas Geraes: 
Brade 17862 (F), Claussen 689 (NY, P), s.n. (BM, G, GH, K, S), 
Duarte 459 (F), Gardner 4717 (BM) , 4718 (K), Heringer 69 (F), 
Irwin 2338 (F, NY, UC, US), Macedo 1685 (MO, S), Magalhaes 3254 
(US), Mexia 5697a (BM, F, G, GH, MO, NY, S, UC, US), Mosen 1863 
(F, $)> 4474 (s), Re nei Ts 367 (K, S7eUuS)), Saint-aiberre 213 
(P), vauthie vauthier 208 te}, Williams, L.O. & V. Assis 8218 (F, GH); 
Prov. Sao Paulo: Glaziou 12774 (P, US), Valio 16 (US); Prov. 
Parana: Dusen 3426 (F,S), 7582 (S), 23872 (F), Reiss 54 (F, NY, S); 
Prov. Santa Catharina: Hoehne 24406 (F), Reitz & Klein 3401 in 
part (US), 4174 (NY); Ceara, fa; eavaner 1699 in in part (BM, G, r= GHieeky 
NY); Schott 855 (K). 

Paraguay: villarrica, Hassler 4132 in part (S), 884la(G); Villa 
Rica: Joergensen 7269 (F); Prov. Tobaty: Hassler 6246 (BM, G, NY, 
UC); Caballero, Morong Si2* (NY )ie 

Argentina: Prov. Misiones: Bertoni s.n.; Prov. Jujuy: Bartlett 
20396 (US), Fries 242 (S), Schreiter 11173 (F), Venturi 8 

(BM, F, GH, K, MO, US), West 8360 (GH, MO, UC, US); Prov. Salta: 
Borrea 37073 (GH), Cabrera 3104 (F, NY), Donell 3137, Ragonesi & 
Coras 37800 (GH), Sa. 5422 (F), 10114 (US); 33686 : H), 
Venturi 5317 (F, GH US), 8279 (F, US), West West 6131 (MO, uUGy US); 
Prov. Tucuman: Dinelli Sem TBM) , Gonzalez 21657 (G), Lorentz 321 
(G), Meyer 9827 (F), Schreiter 748 (US), 2191 (F), Venturi 120 
(US), YE (UC; US) ,m4086(GH,mUS), 4244 (BM Ey T887 (GH, US), 
8037 (F), 10359 (BM, MOpaSspUG) = 

Bolivia: Prov. Beni: Rurhenabaque, Fleischmann 215 (S); Huah- 
uanus-Reye, Cardenas 5390 (US); Prov. Cochabamba: Bang 1255 

(BM, F, GH, K, MO, NY, PH, US), Kuntze s.n. (US); Nord-Yungas: 
Milluguaya, Buchtien 252 in part (GH, MO), 4723 (NY, US); Chaco: 
Cardenas 2605 (F). 

Peru: Dept. | San Martin: Ferreyra 5067 (US), 7776 (US), 7851 
(US), 7911 (US), Klug 3541 (F, G, GH, MO, S, US), Spruce 3929 

(K, S), Williams Ll. 7479 (F, G), 7773 (F), Woykowski 35259 (F), 
35339 (F); Dept. Junin: Woytkowski 6333 (US); Pozuzo, Macbride 
4722 (F, S, US), Pearce 2S: (BM) . 


Gardner s.n. (K), the holotype of M. stipulosa Wernh. (Journ. 
Bot. 57 Suppl. 21. 1919. Gardner s.n., K) is characterized by 
the large leafy calyx-lobes which are about 9 mm. long, 4 mm. 
wide, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, and glabrous; glabrous petioles 
and leaf-blades except for the minutely ciliolate margins; erect 
stipular free postions lanceolate, 2-4 mm. long; and the moderately 
pubescent young branches. Venturi 7887 (GH) from Argentina and 
Dusen 9180 (BM) from Parana, Brazil, also have similar, large, 
Ieafy calyx-lobes. In some of the stipules on Dusen 9180 (S) 
the free portion is as long as 4 mm. long. Although the leaf 
surfaces are glabrous, M. stipulosa Wernh is considered as a 
form of M. cordifolia var. cordifolia. 


360 PHYTOLOG IA Vol. 17, mo. 5 


M. cordifolia var. cordifolia form. incana (Schum.) Chung, 
comb, nov. 


M. ignita (Vell.) var. incana Schum. Mart. Fl. Bras, 6(6): 
171. 1889. Type: Balansa 2135! 
M. sublanata Wernh. Journ. Bot. 57 Suppl. 21. 1919. 


Type: Hassler 8841! 


Distinguished from var. cordifolia by the tomentum on the 
lower surface of the leaves, which is gray or yellowish-brown. 
Corolla 25-45 mm. long; calyx-lobes 2-4 mm. long; ovaries often 
tomentose; capsules 7-10 mm. long, pubescent; pedicels and 
branches pubescent. 

Brazil: Minas Geraes, Regnell I: 367 in part (S). 

Paraguay: Villa Rica, Balansa 2135 (G); Cordillera de Villa Rica, 
Hassler 8841 (BM, G, GH, NY, S, UC); Villarrica, Jorgensen 4132 
in part (F, GH, NY, PH, US). 


Argentina: Prov. Corrientes: Santo Tome, Ybarrola 1503 (S). 


M. cordifolia var. glabra (Cham. & Schl.) Standl. Field 
Mus. Bot. 7(3): 261. 19 

M. glabra Cham. & Schl. Linnaea 4: 169. 1829. Type: Sellow 
Photo (B) 
M. ignita var. glabra (Cham. & Schl.) Schum. Mart. Fl. Bras. 
6 (6): 7. 1889. 

M. micans Poepp & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 24. 1845. 

M. ignita var. micans (Poep. & Endl.) Schum. Mart. Fl. Bras. 
6(6): 171. 1889. Poeppig 2415 (G)! 

M. cordifolia var. filiformis Wernh. Journ. Bot. 57 Suppl. 20 
1918. Type: Fiebrig 4636! 


Branches, potioles, leaf-blades, pedicels, and calyx-lobes 

glabrous. 
Brazil: Prov. Bahia: Blanchet 3281 (G), Rose 20034 (US); 
Prov. Mato Grosso: Kuntze s.n. (NY, US); Prov. Sao Paulo: 
Loefgren 1252 (F), Weir 192 in part (K); Prov. Parana: Dusen 9059 
(S), 9180 in part (PH), 11758 (S), 16171 (F, GH, MO, S, US), 
Hatschba ch 3160 (US), 3763 (US); Prov. St. Catharina: me (F), 
Tweedie (GH). 
Uruguay: Dept. Artigas: Herter 1157 (F, G, MO, NY, UC, US), 
Rosengurtt B-3663 (US); Dept. Salto: Osten 5451 B (US); Dept. 
Paysandi: Calot 94 (P), 95 (P); Concepcion, Lorentz anno 1895 

(GH); Fray Bentos, Fruchard (P) ; Islands of the Uruguay River, 
Tweedie (K). 
Paraguay: Between River Apa and River Aquidaban, Fiebrig 4636 

(BM, G, GH); Upper River Apa, Hassler 8327 (BM, F, G, GH, MO, NY, 

S, UC); Sierra de Amambahy, Hassler 11200 (BM, G, GH) ; Campo 
Duarte, —— 1237 (G, K); Yerbalium de Maracayu, Hassler 4435 
(BM, F, G, NY); Central Cordillera, Hassler 7026 (BM, G, NY); 

Lake we Hassler 11783 (BM, F, G,.GH, MO, NY, S, UC, US); 
Paraguari, Balansa 2134 (G, K). 


1968 Chung, Studies in Manettia 361 


Argentina: Prov. Misiones: Bertoni 1485 (UC, Ekman 1383, (MO, 
NY, S), Gruener 35 (F), Meyer 5319 (F), Rodriguez 337 (F), Spega- 
zzini 20715 (F); Prov. Corrientes: Bonpland 599 (P), Ibarrola 
1872 (S), Meyer 8972 (S), Wurth 74 (S); Prov. Entre Rios: Lorentz 
107 (£H), S.n. (PH), Tweedie s.n. (BM, K). 

Bolivia: Dept. Cochabamba: Steinbach 9055 (GH); Dept. Santa 

Cruz: Maguire 44492 (NY), Steinbach 6240 in part (G, GH)-sSe Bolivia, 
Chignica, Fiebrig 2686 in part (BM) . 

Peru: Dept. Loreto: Rio Marano Valley, Killip, Smith & Dennis 

29200 (F, US); Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 27990 (F, NY, US), Poeppig 
2415 (G); Balsapuerto, Klug 3080 (BM, F, G, MO, S, US); Tarapoto, 
Mathews 1343 (BM, F, G, GH); Haallaya River, Spruce 4592 (BM, F, G, 
GH, K, NY); Dept. San Martin: Ferreyra 4521 (US), Klug 2606 (BM, 

F, G, GH, MO, Ny, S, US), 4075 (BM, F, GH, MO, NY, S, UC), Woytkowski 
7242 (MO, US); Dept. Huannuco: Killip & Smith 26823 (F, NY, US); 
Dept. Junin: Ferreyra 3603 (US), 3678 (US), Killip & Smith 23519 

(NY, US), 24748 (F, NY, US), 25213 (US), Macbride 5585 (F, US), 
Schunke 480 (F, S), 1430 (F), 1519 (F), Woytkowski 395 (US); 
7451 (US); Dept. Cuzco: Sandeman 3646 (K), Vargas 1843 (GH, MO) 
3791 (US), 15430 (MO). 


The following specimens are rather intermediate between 
var. cordifolia and var. glabra in that the leaves are glabrous 
but the young branches are pubescent. Brazil: Bahia: Blanchet 
3281 in part (BM, F, NY, P); Ceara, Loefgren 587 (S); Mato Grosso: 
Malme 1740 (F, S). Argentina: Corrientes: Ibarrola 1234 (S). 


M. cordifolia var. glabra form,boliviana (Wernh.) Chung, 
comb. nov. 

M. boliviana Wernh. Journ. Bot. 57 Suppl. 20. 1919. 
Syntypes: Bang 1372!, Bridges! 


Tetragnal branches with short reflexed hispid hairs or recur- 
ved teeth on the narrow wings. 
Brazil: Bahia: Lemos Froes 20165 (US); Espirato Santo: Freire 
68 (F); Mato Grosso: Kuntze 92 in part (NY); Ceara, Gardner 1699 
in part (2). ae 
Bolivia: Dept. Santa Cruz: Brooke 5774 (BM, F, NY), Kuntze (NY), 
Steinbach 6240 in part (G), 7092 (BM, F, G, GH, MO, NY, PH, S, UC), 
Yapacani, Kuntze (NY); Dept. Cochabamba: Cardenas 3135 (F, US); 
Dept. La Paz: Mapire, Rusby 1126 (BM, F, GH, K, MO, NY, PH), 
Buchtien 1449 (S); Guanai, Bang 1372 (BM, F, G, MO, NY, PH, US), 
Rusby 1127 (F, NY); Nordyungas, Buchtien 262 in part (BM, F, G, GH, 
NY); Chignica, Fiebrig 2686 in part (Grek, SUS) ++ Gran, Choca;, 
Eres 1 sie (S)i 
Argentina: Prov. Jujuy: Bartlett 20341 (US), Hunziker 1974 
(GH), Spegazzini 381 (F); Prov. Salta, Dept. Oran: Hunidoboro s.n. 
(S, UC), Meyer 5072 (UC), Pierotti s.n. (S), Spegazzini 14280 (F). 
Peru: Dept. Cuzco: Storke, Horton & Vargas 1baes (RUC 


362 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, mo. 5 


M. cordifolia var. hassleriana (Chod.) Chung, comb. nov. 
M. hassleriana Chod. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7 App. 1: 82. 1899. 
Type: Hassler 2509 (from near Rio Apa., Paraguay, not see) 


M. eres Wernh. Journ. Bot. 57 Suppl. 22. 1919. 
Type: Fiebrig 


Branches subterete, striate, puberulent; leaves lanceolate 
to ovate-lanceolate, acute to rounded at the base, attenuate- 
acuminate at the apex, 35-65 mm. long, 10-24 mm. wide, puberulent; 
calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, more or less narrower at the base, 
acuminate at the apex, 5-8 (12-13) mm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, puber- 
ulent; corolla 3-4 cm. long, moderately puberulent with short 
broad hairs; inside of corolla glabrous except for a band (6mm. 
long) of dense hairs in the narrow tube about 4 mm. above the 
base; filaments about 2 mm. long, inserted at the apex of the 
tube, anthers 3.5-4 mm. long; stigmas ovate, obtuse; capsules 
oblong to oblong-turbinate, 6-7 mm. long. 
Brazil: Parana: Duarte 1912 (F, NY); Sta. Catharina: Dusen 11894 
(GH, MO, S). 
Paraguay: River Alto Parana, Fiebrig 5734 (BM, G, GH, K, US). 
Argentina: Misiones: Iguazu Falls, Sandeman 4770 (K), Smith 355 
(K); Dept. Iguazu: Rodrigo 3681 (F). 3 


M. cordifolia var. paranensis (Standl.) Chung, comb. nov. 
M. paranensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8(5): 331. 1931. 
Type: Dusen 641 


Distinguished from var. cordifolia mainly by the large 
leafy calyx-lobes which are free to the base; short, turbinate 
ovaries 1-2 mm. long; small subglobose capsules 5-6 mm. long. 
Branches subterete, densely pubescent; stipular sheath 0.5-1 mm. 
long; often ill defined, free portion of stipules 1.8-2.5 mm. 
long, triangular-lanceolate, often bilobed at the apex; petioles 
7-13 mm. long, pubescent; leaf-blades ovate, 2.8-5.5 cm. long, 
1-3 cm. wide, sparsely pubescent, with 2 or 3 lateral veins 
on each side of the midvein; calyx-lobes broadly ovate, acute to 
acuminate, 8-11 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, 3-nerved, glabrous or 
with a few hairs near the base of the margins; corolla 3.5-4.2 cm. 
long, glabrous outside. 
Brazil: Parana: Serra do Mar, Dusen 8964 (G, GH, NY, S, US), 
9007 (S), Morretes, Hatschbach 1741 (S); Piraquara, Hatschbach 
2840 (US); Guaratuba, Hatschbach 6574 (US). 


M. cordifolia var. chrysoderma (Sprague) Chung, comb. nov. 
ue, Bu 


M. chrysoderma Sprag - Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 264. 
1905. Type: Mueller 123 (K)! 


M. paulina Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8(5): 328. 1931. 
Type: Saint-Hilaire 1229! 


1968 Chung, Studies in Manettia 363 


Young branches compressed, puberulent; free portion of 
stipules deltoid to round and apiculate; leaf-blades ovate to 
ovate-lanceolate, rounded to acute at the base, acuminate at the 
apex, 4-6 (-11) cm. long, 1.8-3 (4) cm. wide, glabrous or nearly 
so above, puberulent beneath mainly on the veins, with 4 or 5 
lateral veins on each side of the midvein; pedicels more or 
less puberulent; calyx-lobes free to the base, ovete to ovate- 
lanceolate; acute to acuminate, 4-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, more 
or less puberulent to glabrous except the ciliate margins; 
corolla 35-55 mm. long, 6-9 mm. wide, more or less puberulent 
with short broad hairs or glabrous outside. 

Brazil: S. Paulo: Edwall 1900 (F), Krieger anno 1863 (NY), 
Saint-Hilaire 1229 (F, P); Parana: Dusen s.n. (GH, MO), Glaziou 
(P), Hatschbach 4136 (US); Sta. Catherina: Mueller 123 (K), Smith 
& Klein 7450 (NY, US), Reitz 4363 (US), Reitz & Klein 4028 tae, 
(SpmUS) i700" (US)s, 521 Suc, sus) i 


Acknowledgement: I wish to express my appreciation to the 
curators at the institutions indicated for making it possible 
for me to study the collections in their herbaria. The illus- 
trations have been prepared by Mr. Walter L. Boyer of Field 
Museium of Natural History after the author's drawings. 


Hh PR, TiO} Over A Vol. 17, now 5 


Fig. 1. Manettia domingensis, flower, x4 (Ekman H6284, S) 
Fig. 2. Manettia tweedieana, flower, x4 (Tweedie, GH 
Fig. 3. Manettia gracilis, flower, x4 (Reitz & Klein 4115, G) 


1968 Chung, Studies in Manettia 365 


Figs. 4-9. Manettia pubescens. 4: flower, x2 (Macedo 2895, PH), 
5: ovary and calyx, x2 (Damazio 966, G), 6: fruit, x2 (Damazio 


966, G); 7-9: stipules, x10 (7: Regnell I: 368, K; 8:  Regnell 
fs) 368, S; 9: Macedo 2895, PH). 


366 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no» 5 


15 


1 


12 


Figs. 10-16. Manettia cordifolia var. cordifolia. 10-12: stipules, 
x10 (10: Dusen 3426, S; ll: Gardner, K, M. stipulosa; 12: 

Dusen 9180, S) 13-14: calyx-lobe, x4 (13: Venturi 7887, GH; 14: 
Gardner, K, M. stipulosa), 15: flowering branchlet, xl (Mosen 1863, 
S), 16: ovary and calyx-lobes, x4 (Gardner 1699,K) 


TRANSFERS TO GUAPIRA FROM TORRUBIA (NYCTAGINACEAE) 


Elbert L. Little, Jr. 


Eight new combinations in Guapira (family Nyctaginaceae) are 
made here for forthcoming publications on common trees of the 
United States, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, Province of 
Esmeraldas in Ecuador, and Venezuela. 


Guapira Aublet (Hist. Pl. Guian. Franc. 1: 308; 3: &. 119. 
1775) with a single species (G guianensis) was of uncertain posi- 
tion until identified as a synonym of Pisonia by Hallier (Leiden 
Meded. Herb. 25: 18-20. 1918). The genus Guapira was not 
accepted by a second author until 1961, when revived with 1 new 
species and 1] new combination by Woodson in Woodson and Schery 
(Fl. Panama 4 (4): 402-406, fig. 125; Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 48: 61- 
64, fig. 125. 1961). Lundell (Wrightia 2: 22. 1962) trans- 
ferred 2 species to Guapira, and Miranda (Soc. Bot. Méx. Bol. 29: 
a. 1965)5 Us 


My proposal (No. 149) to conserve the generic name Torrubia 
Vellozo was submitted in August 1962 and published in the pro- 
posals for the Tenth International Botanical Congress at Edin- 
burgh (Regn. Veg. 24: 58-59. 1964). Now the Committee for 
Spermatophyta (Taxon 17: 462-462. 1968) by a vote of 1-9 "de- 
elines to recommend Torrubia for conservation, chiefly because 
the identity of the type-species is uncertain and probably will 
remain so. No type-specimens of Vellozo are known, and it is 
impossible to identify his plant from the protologue.” However, 
many of Vellozo's names have been typified and taken up. The 
type species, Torrubia opposita Vell., was illustrated by a draw- 
ing of foliage with male flowers and was described from coastal 
forests at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. My suggestion that it may be 
the same as T. olfersiana (Link, Kl. & Otto) Standl. var. nitida 
(Mart.) Reitz (Sellowia 12: 169. 1960) could be checked by a 
local specialist. About 50 names must be transferred to Guapira. 


Three species of small trees native in southern Florida 
(Little, Check List Native Naturalized Trees U.S. 292. 1952.) are: 


GUAPIRA BRACEI (Britton) Little, comb. nov. Brace blolly 
Torrubia bracei Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Rul. 21: 614. 1904. 


GUAPIRA GLOBOSA (Small) Little, comb. nov. roundleaf blolly 
Torrubia globosa Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 490, 1504. 1923. 


GUAPIRA LONGIFOLIA (Heimerl) Little, comb. nov. longleaf blolly 
Pisonia discolory longifolia Heimerl in Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 
21: 627. 1896. 
Torrubia longifolia (Heimerl) Britton, Torrey Bot. Club. Bul. 
367 


%8 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 5 


21: 614. 1904. 
Pisonia longifolia Sarg., Man. Trees No. Amer. 214, fig. 251. 
1905. 

A fourth species Torrubia floridana Britton (Torrey Bot. Club. 
Bul. 21: 615. 1904) was described as a low shrub. It was col- 
lected at Rock Key near Key West more than a century ago and has 
not been found since. 


The three species listed below are trees native in Puerto Rico. 
Two were recorded by Britton and Wilson (Sci. Surv. Porto Rico 
Virgin Is. 5: 286-287. 1924) and by Little and Wadsworth (Common 
Trees Puerto Rico Virgin Is. 92-92, fig. 1964). Alain Liogier 
(Rhodora 67: 229. 1965) has suggested the transfer to Guapira. 
The third species is known from southwestern Puerto Rico also. 


GUAPIRA DISCOLOR (Spreng.) Little, comb. nov. barrehorno 
Pisonia discolor Spreng., Syst. Veget. ed. 16, 2: 168. 1825. 
Torrubia discolor (Spreng.) Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 21: 

612. 1904. 


GUAPIRA FRAGRANS (Dum.-Cours.) Little, comb. nov. 
© corcho, black mampoo 
Pisonia fragrans Dum.-Cours., Bot. Cult. ed. 2, 7: 114. 1614. 
Torrubia fragrans (Dum.-Cours.) Standley, U.S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 18: 100. 1916. 


GUAPIRA OBTUSATA (Jacq.) Little, comb. nov. 
Pisonia obtusata Jacq., Pl. Rar. Hort. Caes. Schoenbr. 2: 25, 
t. 314. 1798. 


Torrubia obtusata (Jacq.) Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 21: 
612. 1904. 


The next species was found in 1965 in the Province of Esmer- 
aldas, Ecuador. It was described from Peru, where it was reported 
to be the only species of Torrubia (Standley in Macbride, Fl. 
Peru pt. 2 (No. 2): 528. 1927). 


GUAPIRA MYRTIFLORA (Standl.) Little, comb. nov. 
Torrubia myrtiflora Standl., Field Mus. Pub. Bot. S2P207.  “A92k. 


The last was selected as an example of the genus in a book on 
common trees of Venezuela now being edited for publication. Seven 
species of Torrubia were listed from Venezuela by Pittier et al. 
(Cat. Fl. Venez. 1: 290-291. 19h5). 


GUAPIRA PACURERO (H.B.K.) Little, comb. nov. pacurero 
Pisonia pacurero H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 218. 1817. 


Torrubia pacurero (H.B.K.) Standley, U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 
18: 101. 1916. 


Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Wash- 
ington, D.C. 20250. 


REVIEW OF F. E. WIMMER, CAMPANULACEAE-LOPELIOIDEAE SUPPLEVENTUM 
ET CAMPANULACEAE-CYPHIOIDEAE. DAS PFLANZENREICH, IV. 276c (108. 
HEFT), I - X, 816 - 102); WITH DESCRIPTION OF TREMATOLOBELIA 
WIMMERI DEG. & DEG., SP. NOV. 


Otto & Isa Degener 
Volcano, Hawaii 


Shortly before his death on May 2, 1961, Dr. Franz Elfried Win- 
mer submitted his completed manuscript about Lobelioideae and 
Cyphioideae to Dr. K. H. Rechinger. The latter then sent the work 
to Drs. H. Stubbe and S. Danert. It was published on March 15, 
1968, in East Berlin. Of the Lobelioideae there are 29 plates and 
1l figures; of the Cyphioideae, 51 plates. The drawings, probably 
reproduced in the same size as executed by the illustrator instead 
of being reduced by half, are not as good as the photographs, 
those borrowed from the late Dr. J. F. Rock being outstanding. 


As we are not familiar with the Cyphioideae, we shall not re- 
view the almost 100 pages devoted to them. In fact, we shall limit 
ourselves to the Lobelioideae so far as represented in the Hawaiian 
Islands. Dr. Wimmer lists the following genera endemic to these 
islands, with the number of species known up to his time, as: 


Brighamia --------- al Delissea- --------- 8 
Clermontia - ------- 32 Rollandia --------- 12 
Cyanea---------- 7h Trematolobelia - ----- - 3 


For the presumably cosmopolitan genus Lobelia, he lists 388 species 
for the world. 


Being a bit less conservative perhaps than Dr. Wimmer, we prefer 
Lobeliaceae to Lobelioideae; and so far as the genus Lobelia is 
concerned, do not recognize it as native to the Hawaiian Archipel- 
ago. Instead, we prefer to place most of the taxa reposing there 
into three small, endemic genera. 


As Hawaiian place names are confusing in their spelling and as 
plant labels, particularly ours, are often a bit illegible in script, 
we here wish to put on record some necessary orthographic changes: 


Page 817, for Kanehaha read Kanahaha; for Hononau, Honaunau. 

Page 818, for Anny Greenwell read Amy Greenwell. 

Page 820, for McKandles read McCandless. 

Page 823, for thelephone read telephone. 

Page 825, for Pololo read Pololu; for Maunakui read Mauna Hui; for 
Kapoho Puna read Kapoho, Puna. 

Page 826, for Papaiku read Papaikou; for Kala, Kikala; for Pitso, 
Piko; for Jao, Iao; for Kaulelewelewe, Kaulalewelewe; for 


369 


370 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 5 


Pololo, Pololu; for Honokanenui, Honokane Nui; for Pololo, 
Pololu,. 

Page 828, for Komakawei read Komakawai; for McCandles, McCandless. 

Page 829, for Olau read Olaa; delete Kohala before Kulani; for 
Pololo read Pololu; for Honokanenui, Honokane Nui; for Anny 
Greenwell, Amy Greenwell. 

Page 831, for Kawaihe read Kawaihae. 

Page 887, for Honokanemui read Honokane Nui; for Kaholuamano, 
Kaholuamam; for Hamakue, Hamakua. 

Page 888, for Lehma makanoe read Lehmamakanoi. 

Page 892, for Waiahmatua read Waiahuakua. 

Page 901, for Farn read Fern. 

Page 906, for Hiray read Hirai. 

Page 909, for Hetheway read Hatheway. 


Regarding lobelias in the Hawaiian Islands, we are convinced 
many new taxa still exist; but most of these probably will be ex- 
terminated before they can be collected by the botanist due to 
the ravages of man's bulldozing, his agricultural and timber in- 
dustries, his livestock raising, his building boom with apparent- 
ly a desert-like golf course next te every tourist hotel, and his 
introduction by accident and design of exotic plants and animals 
injurious to the endemic biota. One of these many taxa on the 
verge of extinction we here name, 


TREMATOLOBELIA WIMMERI Deg. & Deg., sp. nov. Lobi calycini 7 m. 
longi; capsula 15 mm. longa et 16 mm. lata. lata. 

Trematolobelia macr macrostachys sensu Fagerlund & Mi & Mitchell, Checklist 
Plants Haw. Nat. Park Kilauea - Mauna Loa Sect. 58. 194). 

Trematolobelia macrostachya (sic) sensu Fosberg; Doty & Mueller- 
Dombois in Haw. Bot. Sc. Paper 2: 231. 1966. 

Not Trematolobelia macrostachys Zahlbr.; Rock in Coll. Haw. Publ. 
22. Noi Ib3 « 

Trematolobelia kauaiensis sensu Wimmer in Pflanzenreich IV.276c 


(108. Heft). 901. 1968. (As to Island of Hawaii only). 


Plant with single slender erect stem 2 meters tall. Leaves ob- 
lanceolate, about 1) cm. long and 2 cm. wide, glabrous throughout, 
acuminate to sessile base, sharply cuspidate at apex, faintly un- 
dulate with submarginal hydathode at each indentation. Flowers 
about 20 per horizontal 30 cm. long branch of inflorescence, with 
pair of bractlets at lower third of pedicel: in bud with hypanth- 
ium 3 m, long and 2 mm. wide; with calyx lobes 5 mm. long and 
almost 2 mm. wide, oblong, obtuse at apex but with faint cusp; in 
anthesis (flower in poor, decayed condition) with staminate column 
and style and stigma probably about 6 cm. long. Capsule on 
thickened 3 cm. long pedicel, 20 mm. wide, 13 mm. high without 
the persistent somewhat incurved 5 mm. long calyx lobes. 

Type locality: Hawaii, Kilauea, near Fern Forest, rich moist 
sunny locality; only this one seen. Degener 7860, February 18, 
1922. (Vienna). 


1968 Degener & Degener, Review 371 


The type, collected by Otto Degener in 1922, was not available 
for study when the writers visited the Natural History Museun, 
Vienna, in the summer of 196). Even though the type specimen 
normally must have died after fruiting, the Degeners combed the 
type area in August 1968 with the hope of perhaps discovering an 
offspring of the 1922 plant. Though the area had escaped the 
usual ravages of "civilization" in the vicinity, no Trematolobel- 
ia plants were found. Three sheets (Fagerlund & Mitchell 847) in 
the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park herbarium, however, evidently 
belong to this taxon, are considered cotypes, and here have been 
used to augment the description. Fagerlund & Mitchell collected 
the young flowering material September , 193, and fruiting ma- 
terial from the same specimen February 22, 194). As the sheets 
cite the locality as being "In wet forest between Crater Rim 
road and Kilauea Iki," the writers visited the area in the hope 
of finding specimens. The search was of no avail - the area had 
been devastated by the 1959 Kilauea-Iki Eruption! In place of 
Trematolobelia, the unwelcome exotics Anemone japonica, Buddleja 
asiatica and Rubus penetrans were taking over the area. We fear 
Trematolobelia wimmeri Deg. & Deg., a species with capsules 
reminiscent in size to those of T. kauaiensis (Rock) Skottsb., 
to be on the verge of extinction if not already extinct. 


ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. XIV 


Harold N. Moldenke 


ERIOCAULACEAE Lindl. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Petiv., Gaz. pl. 6, fig. 2. 
1702; Pluk., Alm. pl. 09, fig. 5. 1769; Lam., Encycl. 3: 276. 
1789; Willd. in L., Spe Pl., ed. kh, ls 186. 1797; Michx., Fl. 
Bor.-am. 2: 165. 1803; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 91. 181; Roem. & 
Schult. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 nova, 2: 86). 1817; Nutt., Gen. 
1: 90. 1818; Ell., Sketch Bot. 2: 565. 182); Wall., Plant. As. 
Rar. 3: 28. 1832; Wall., Numer. List 207-208 ["207"]. 1832; 
Beck, Bot. 370. 1833; Benth. in Hook., Niger Fl. 547. 189; Hook. 
f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 571--585. 1893; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., 
Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877--880. 1893; Britton & Br., Ill. Fl., ed. 
1, 1: 371—373, 602—604, & 611, fig. 899-903 (1896) and 3: 536, 
37, Sul, 545, & 577. 1896; Ruhl. in mngl., Pflanzenreich 13 (IV, 
30): 1--108. 1903; R. M. Harper, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 17: 267— 
268, pl. 2h, fig. 1. 1906; Alv. Silv., Archiv. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 
23:'162, pl. h. 1921; Fern., Rhodora [8: iv & 58. 1946; Jacks. in 
Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877--880 (1965 and pr. 
3, 1: 877--880. 1960; B. G. Briggs, Contrib. N. S. Wales Nat. Herb. 
h: 2h & 26. 1966; Anon., Assoc. Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. Bull. 
17: 19. 1966; G. L. Davis, Syst. Embryol. Angiosp. 1966; K. Lar- 
sen, Dansk Bot. Arkiv 23: 375--399. 1966; C. C. Townsend, Excerpt. 
Bot. A.10: 310. 1966; Anon., Assoc. Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. In- 
dex 1965: 31. 1966; S. V. Ramaswami, Study Flow. Pl. Bangalore 
[thesis] 219-221 & 1)06—1)07. 1966; Goodland, Bol. Soc. Venez. 
Cienc. Nat. 26: 345. 1966; Klots, New Field Book Freshw. Life 9). 
1966; Begum, Curr. Sci. [India] 35: 262--263. 1966; R. H. Compton, 
Journ. S. Afr. Bot. Suppl. 6: 19, 33, & 92. 1966; Subramanyam & 
Henry, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 21). 1966; Sebastine & Ramamur- 
thy, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 182. 1966; J. L. Ellis, Bull. Bot. 
Surv. India 8: 329 & 339. 19663; O. D. Evans, Biol. Abstr. },8: 
4562 & 4563. 1967; Soukup, Biota 6: 359. 1967; Anon., Pollen & 
Spores 9: 62. 1967; Kral, Biol. Abstr. 8: 3190. 1967; Anon., 
Ind. Bibliog. Bot. Trop. (1): 53 & 88. 1967; Y. H. Harrison, 
Biol. Abstr. 48: 8707. 1967; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 8: 3190 & 4563 
(1967), 48 (10): S.60 & S.117 (1967), and 48 (22): S.65. 1967; 
Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 8: xxii & 10099 (1967) and 48 (20): S. 61, 
$.161, S.165, & S.183. 1967; Dombrowski & Kuniyoshi, Araucariana 
1: 15 & 18. 1967; J. de J. Jiménez, Archiv. Bot. & Biogeog. Ital. 
43: 4. 1967; Begum, Bioresearch Index 1967: 2255. 1967; Anon., 
Assoc. Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. Bull. 18: 5. 1967; Moldenke, 
Résumé Suppl. 15: [1]—5S, 8, 10, 12, lh, 20, & 21. 1967; W.G. 
Burger, Fam. Flow. Pl. Ethiop. 132. 1967; Sculthorpe, Biol. Aquat. 
Vasc. Pl. 23, 389--391, 393, & 394. 1967; L. V. Barton, Bibl. 
Seeds 782. 1967; Satake, Nat. Sci. & Mus. 3: 161 & 162. 1967; 
Fulling, Ind. Bot. Record. Bot. Review 178. 1967; R. M. Harper, 
Castanea 32: 17. 1967; a es Fis. U0. S.'2) Fe 2, ees 


V- 
=~) 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 373 


27 (1967) and 2 (2): 659 & 666. 1967; Friedrich-Holzhanmer in 
Merxmtfller, Prodr. Fl. Stidw. Afr. 159: 1--2. 1967; Berhaut, Fl. 
Sénégal, ed. 2, 311. 1967; J. & A. Raynal, Adansonia 7: 329. 1967; 
L. Se Thomas, Pine Barrens 23. 1967; D. A. Livingstone, Ecol. 
Monog. 37 (1): 43. 1967; L. 0. Williams, Fieldiana Bot. 31: 2h9-- 
269. 1967; Anon., Assoc. Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. Index 1966: 9 
(1967) and 1967: 31. 1968; Cronquist, Evol. & Class. Flow. Pl. 
335, 336, & 390. 1968; F. A. Barkley, Outline Classif. Organisms, 
ed. 2, 10. 1968; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 9: 188 (1968) and 9 
(9): S.58. 1968; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 9: 1975 (1968) and 9 (7): 
S.58, S.133, & S.180. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: [1], 2, 
5-9, 12, 19, 21, 23, 25--27, & 30. 1968; R. M. White, Irish 
Naturl. Journ. 16: 0. 1968; Meikle, Kew Bull. 22: 1)1--1)). 
1968; Justice & Bell, Wild Fls. N. C. 13 & 209. 1968; Moldenke, 
Phytologia 17: 3)8--352. 1968; Fassett, Index Rep. Fl. Wisc. [1]. 
n.d. 

Burger (1967) informs us that in this family "a pistillode [is] 
often present in staminate flowers". Airy Shaw (1966) states 
that the genus Reilia Steud. may belong in either the Eriocaula—- 
ceae or the Juncaceae; he also tells us that the Eriocaulaceae 
was included by Bentham & Hooker in a "Series" called Glumaceae. 
Tomlinson (196) compares the Eriocaulaceae with the genus 
Aphyllanthes in the Liliaceae. Runner (1961) places the genera 
Streptolirion and Juncoides in the Eriocaulaceae by the apparent 
error of omitting the name of family "31" between families "30% 
and 32", Tamayo (1961) places Leucotho¥ venezuelensis A. C. 

Sm. in the Eriocaulaceae instead of in the Ericaceae. Larsen 
(1966) reports the chromosome numbers for seven species in this 
family from Thailand. 


BLASTOCAULON Ruhl. 

Synonymy: Blastocaular Angely, Fl. Bacia Paran. 22: 31, sphalm. 
1962. 

Additional bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (IV, 
30): 223. 1903; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 7, 28, 31, 
39, lh, 52, 53, 55, & 59. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia ): 338. 

1953; Angely, Cat. Estat. 10: [2]. 1956; Angely, Fl. Paran. 10: 6, 
7, 9, & 10. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 87, 237, 279, 281, 285, 292, 
323, 327, 328, 334, 352, 402, & 479. 1959; Angely, Liv. Gen. Bot. 
Bras. 19 & 39. 1960; Angely, Fl. Bacia Paran. 22: 31. 1962; Heg- 
nauer, Chemotax. Pfl. 2: 153. 1963; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 7: 7 
(1963) and 12: 11. 1965; F. A. Barkley, List Ord. Fam. Anthoph. 
113 & 145. 1965; Airy Shaw in Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7, 

138. 1966. : 

The generic name is taken from the Greek words, BhaoTés,and 
Kavkos, meaning "young branchlet stems" because the stems pro- 
duce small branchlets. 


BLASTOCAULON ALBIDUM (Gardn.) Ruhl. 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
7, 28, 4b, & 55. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 4: 338. 1953; Moldenke, 


374 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 5 


Résum6 87, 279, 285, 323, 33h, & 479. 1959. 

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: G, Gardner 5273 
(B—isotype, N--isotype). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings & notes 
by KUrnicke (B). 


BLASTOCAULON PROSTRATUM (KUrn.) Ruhl, 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Eri- 
ocaul. 7, 28, 31, 52, & 55. 19463; Moldenke, Résumé 87, 261, 327, 
334, & 479. 1959. 

Pereira reports that this plant grows in pure stands with no 
other plants in the fommation. The species has been collected in 
anthesis in May. 

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Martius s.n. [Cabo 
Agosto; Macbride photos 18733] (B--isotype, Mu—292—-isotype, N— 
photo of isotype, W--photo of isotype); E. Pereira 2802 [Pabst 
3638] (Bd--38h7, 2); J. E. Pohl sen. (Mu--293). MOUNTED ILLUSTRA- 
TIONS: drawings & notes by K8rnicke (B). 


BLASTOCAULON RUPESTRE (Gardn.) Ruhl. 

Additional synonymy: Blastocaulon rupestris (Gardn.) Ruhl. ex 
Moldenke, Phytologia : 338, in syn. 1953. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
7, 28, 39, 53, 55, & 59. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia : 338. 1953; 
Moldenke, Résumé 87, 237, 292, 328, 33h, 352, & 179. 1959; Mol- 
denke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 11. 1965. 

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: G. Gardner 5272 
(B—isotype, N--isotype, W--1067056—-isotype); Mexia 5779 (B, Ca- 
509143, Mi, Ut—50252a, Vi, W—157190)), 5780 (Gg, Go, Mi, Ut— 
5025la, W—-1571905); BZ. Pereira 2805 [Pabst 361] (Bd—-386, 2); 
Schwacke 885 (B). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings & notes by 
Ktrnicke (B). 


BLASTOCAULON SPELEICOLA Alv. Silv. 

Additional bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 27), pl. 182. 
1928; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Eriec. 7 & 28. 1916; Mol- 
denke, Résumé 87 & 479. 1959. 


CARPTOTEPALA Moldenke 

Bibliography: Moldenke, Fieldiana Bot. 28: 11). 1951; Angely, 
Cat. Estat. 10: [2]. 1956; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
118. 1957; J. A. Steyerm., Fieldiana Bot. 28: 1157. 1957; Angely, 
Fl. Paran. 10: 7, 9, & 10. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 70, 7h, 29, 
326, Ol, & 479. 1959; F. A. Barkley, List Ord. Fam. Anthoph. 113 
& ae 1965; Airy Shaw in Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7, 202. 
1966. 

Type: C. insolita Moldenke [=C. jemmani (Gleason) Moldenke}. 
The generic name is derived from the Latin, carptim, and the 
latinized French, tepala, meaning separate divisions of the peri- 
anth, because of the completely free sepals and petals in the 

flowers of both sexes. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 375 


CARPTOTEPALA JENMANI (Gleason) Moldenke 

Synonymy: Paepalanthus jenmani Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 
56: 1h. 1929. Carptotepala insolita Moldenke, Fieldiana Bot. 28: 
11\--116. 1951. Paepalanthus chimantensis Moldenke, Bull. Jard. 
Bot. Brux. 27: 118, in syn. 1957. 

Additional bibliography: Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 56: 
14. 1929; Moldenke, Fieldiana Bot. 28: 1l--116. 1951; Moldenke, 
Phytologia 4: 338. 1953; Moldenke, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 278. 
1957; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 118-119. 1957; Mol- 
denke, Résumé 70, 7h, 249, 326, & 79. 1959. 

Collectors describe the roots of this plant as thickish and 
orchid-like, the leaves borne in dense clusters, rigid, erect, 
firmly membranous or rigid-coriaceous, varying from rich- or 
pale-green to grass-green on both surfaces, the involucre buff, 
the heads white or gray-white with blackish on the outer parts at 
the base, the flowers white or whitish, and the bracts gray-brown. 
Gleason's original description was "Leaves densely cespitose, 
soft and lax, 1—2 m. wide, 8--12 cm. long, glabrous, subulate- 
tipped; peduncles 20—25 cm. long, costate, somewhat twisted, 
glabrous; sheaths strongly twisted, 4--5 cm. long, sparsely hir— 
sute; heads hemispheric, 3—-5 mm. in diameter; bracts broadly 
ovate to ovate-oblong, appressed, imbricate in several series, 
glabrous." 

The type of the species is Jerman 1032, collected on the 
Kaieteur savanna in British Guiana, and deposited in the herbar- 
ium of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. The conspecific C. in- 
solita, on the cther hand, was based on J. A. Steyermark 60703, 
collected by a waterfall in a swampy savanna between Rio Karuai 
and Salto de Itaba-naima along the Rfo Karuai, at the southwes- 
tern base of Ptari-tepui, at 1220 meters altitude, Bolfvar, Ven- 
ezuela, on November 28, 19), and is deposited in the herbarium 
of the New York Botanical Garden. Paepalanthus chimantensis was 
based on Steyermark & liurdack 365, also from Bolivar, Venezuela. 

The plant has been collected at altitudes of 65 to 2600 meters, 
in anthesis from January to March, and in July, August, October, 
and November, and in fruit in July. Steyermark records the ver- 
nacular name "leut". He also states that the species forms dense 
mats on wet rocks at the base of waterfalls, that it is common 
along swift water and rapids, locally abundant in large colonies 
in rapid water among rocks, and found in the spray zone on top 
of waterfalls. Maguire found it on moist rocks, while Sandwith 
describes it as tufted in sand among boulders by falls. Maguire 
& Fanshawe found it by waterfalls, on sandstone savannas, and 
locally common by riversides. Steyermark & Wurdack describe it 
as locally frequent on moist mossy ground, in scrub forests, in 
dense cushions in thickets, in dry sand, and in large colonies 
in rapid water among rocks. On the label of their no. 365 they 
note that its "leaves narrower and caudex more elongate than 
364 but probably only an ecological variant". I agree with this 
conclusion. Whitton found the species growing on wet rocks, in 
moistish open white sand, and as recently exposed or still below 


376 P.5.F 2:00 6 54 Vol. 17, no. 5 


river water. He notes "buds farther advanced the further up shore 
one goes", 

Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: B, Maguire 33516a 
(N); J. A. Steyermark 6070 (N), 74662 (2), 76016 ( (Z), 76057 (Z)s 
Steyermark & Wurdack 72 (N), 364 (N), 365 (N), 476 (N). BRITISH 
GUIANA: S. G. Harris Harrison nm 1391 (K, .a04 Jenman 1032 (Ne Y. Bot. Gard. 
Type Photo neg. 5007] (K--type, N-=photo o of typ type, N--photo of 
type), 7198 (K), 7486 (Ut—-9107a) ; Maguire & Fanshawe 32312 (N), 
32643 (Mu, N); Sandwith 1258 (K, Ut—lli22ha); Schomburgk s.n. 
(K); Whitton 36 (K), 77 co 367 (K). 


COMANTHERA L. B. Sm. 

Bibliography: L. B. Sm., Contrib. Gray Herb., ser. 2, 117: 38- 
39, pl. 2. 1937; Moldenke, Phytologia : 338. 1953; Angely, Cat. 
Estat. 10: [2]. 1956; Angely, Fl. Paran. 10: 5, 7,9, & ll. 
1957; Anon., U. S. Dept. Agr. Bot. Subj. Index 5: 226. 1958; 
Moldenke, Résumé 70, 75, 88, 351, 00, & 479. 1959; Moldenke, 
Résumé Suppl. 1: 5, 6, 16, 21, 23, & 25. 1959; Angely, Liv. Gen. 
Bot. Bras. 19 & 42. 1960; F. A. Barkley, List Ord. Fam. Anthoph. 
113 & 154. 1965; Airy Shaw in Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7, 
268. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 218. 1966; Moldenke, Biol. 
Abstr. 7: 6792. 1966. : 

The generic name is derived from the Greek, kop@,andayos, 
meaning "hairy flower", since the anthers are long-hairy. 

Mrs. A. Gtrts-van Rijn, in a letter to me dated March 21, 
1966, casts some doubt on the validity of this genus. She says: 
"We have been looking very thoroughly to some Comanthera kegeli- 
ana specimens, partly annotated by you, and also used the publi- 
cation of L. B. Smith in Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 38. 1937. He 
gives the description and some illustrations of this new genus 
and of C. linderi. We cannot agree with him on the characteris- 
tics of the flowers. He describes the male flowers as having a 
very reduced perianth and only one stamen. The sterile flowers, 
according to him, have reduced stamens. We have been looking to 
the flowers of Syngonanthus or Comanthera kegeliana, but could 
not find similar male flowers. We did, however, find overripe 
female flowers, where the fruits had come out and the perianth- 
segments had partly fallen off; these had the appearance of the 
described male flowers of Comanthera L. B. GSnith. About the 
sterile flowers we are not quite sure, but they are supposed to 
be the immature male ones. They do have stamens, but it is 
difficult to say whether they are reduced or only very young." 
In a letter to me dated August 3, 1967, Dr. Smith replies as 
follows: "I have just gotten around to studying my Comanthera 
that I borrowed from Harvard at your suggestion. It has stam 
inate flowers as I described them. Your Syngonanthus akurimen- 
sis is the same thing as regards the type but the Irwin col- 
lection shows no such stamens. Maybe the species is polymor- 
phic and some heads lack functional stamens." 

Type: Comanthera linderi L. B. Sm. [=C. kegeliana (Ktrn.) 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 277 
Moldenke. 


COMANTHERA KHEGELIANA (Ktrn.) Moldenke 

Synonymy: Paepalanthus kegelianus Ktrn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 
(1): 438. 1863. Dupatya kegeliana (Ktrn.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 
2: 745. 1891. Syngonanthus kegelianus (Ktrn.) Ruhl. in Engl., 
Pflanzenreich 13 (IV, 30): 273. 1903. Comanthera linderi L. B. 
Sm., Contrib. Gray Herb., ser. 2, 117: 38-39, pl. 2. 1937. 
Syngonanthus akurimensis Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 371—372. 197. 
Syngonanthus akurimensis var. amazonicus Molcenke, Phytologia 3: 
42. 198. 

Additional bibliography: Ktrn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 38. 
1863; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 745. 1891; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflan- 
zenreich 13 (IV, 30): 273. 1903; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 
27: 119—120. 1957; Angely, Fl. Paran. 10: 5. 19573 Anon., U.S. 
Dept. Agr. Bot. Subj. Index 5: 4226. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 70, 
75, 77, 88, 280, 326, 351, & 479. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 
1: 5, 6, 16, 21, 23, & 25. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 218. 
1966; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 7: 6792. 1966. 

The species has been encountered by Lindeman on a large sand 
savanna, It has been collected in anthesis from March to July 
and in fruit in May. It is described by Tamayo as growing 5--8 
cm, tall. An isotype, Kegel veR was photographed by Macbride 
in the herbarium of the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques at 
Geneva and is his type photograph number 25170. Material has 
been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as "Compositae". 

Additional & emended citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Lasser 
1705 (K, N, N, Ve, W--1901897); Tamayo 3234 (F-~photo, N, N— 
photo, Ve, W, Z—-photo). Federal District: Lockhart s.n. [Ca- 
racas] (K). BRITISH GUIANA: Cox & Hubbard 121 (N); Irwin BG. 
20 (W--211)1), Z); Linder O [N. Y. Bot. Gard. Type Photo neg. 
5006] (G, N--photo, N--photo); Martyn 146 (K). SURINAM: Kegel 
1473 [Macbride photos 25170] (N—-photo of isotype, W--photo of 
isotype); Lanjouw & Lindeman 298) (N, Ut-—178768); Lindeman 
4018 (Ac). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Frées 2233 (Ca--28252, N). Pard: 
Ducke sen. [Herb. Mus. Goeldi 12088] (Bs). 


ERIOCAULON Gron. 

Additional & emended synonymy: Erioucaulon L., Mant. 580, 
sphalm. 1767. Cespa Hill, Herb. Brit. 1: pl. 66 [some copies]. 
1769. Nasmythia Huds., Fl. Angl., ed. 2, 2: lh. 1778. 
Ericaulon Lour., Fl. Cochimch. 1: 60, sphalm. 1790. Eriocaulon 
L. ex Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 312. 1821. Randalia P. Beauv. 
ex Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris 13: 47. 1828. Sphaerochloa P. 
Beauv. ex Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, ser. 1, 13: 7. 1828. 
Sphoerochloa P, Beauv. ex Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, ser. l, 
13: pl. 5, fig. 1. 1828. Symphachne P. Beauv. ex Desv., Ann. 
Sci. Nat. Paris, ser. 1, 13: 47. 1828. Leucocephala Roxb., Fl. 
Ind. 3: 612, 1832. Busseuillia Lesson in Bougainville, Journ. 


378 PETTOLOGIA Vol. 17, now 5 


Navig. Aut. Freg. Thetis & Corv. Espér. 2: 348. 1837. Sympachne 
P, Beauv. ex Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 65. 1641. Chaetodiscus 


Steud., Syn. Pl. Cyp. 2: 261. 1855. Electrosperma F. Muell., 
Trans. Philos. Soc. Victoria 1: 23. 1855. Dichrolepis Welw., 
Apont. Phyt.-geogr. 542. 1859. Lasiolepis Boeck. (in part), Flo- 
ra 56: 90. 1873 [not Lasiolepis Bennett, 1838). Symphyachna Post 


& Kuntze, Lexicon 5. 190,. Ericaulon Merr. & Walker, Bibl. 


East. Asiat. Bot. 343, sphalm. 1938. Lasiolepsis Btck. apud 
Milne-Redhead, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 198: 472, sphalm. 19h8. 
Randalia Petit apud Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 36: 2, in 
syn. sphalm. 1955. Randalia "Petiv. ex Desv." ex Angely, Cat. 
Estat. 10: [2], in syn. sphalm. 1956. Sphaerochloa "P. Beauv. 
ex Desv." apud Angely, Cat. Estat. 10: [2], in syn. 1956. 
Symphachne "P. Beauv. ex Desv." apud Angely, Cat. Estat. 10: [2], 
in syn. 1956. Eriaucolon L. ex Moldenke, Résumé 285, in syn. 
1959. Randalia Beauv. & Desv. ex Moldenke, Résumé 342, in syn. 
1959. Randalia Petiv. ex Moldenke, Résumé 32, in syn. 1959. 
Sphaerochloa Beauv. & Desv. ex Moldenke, Résumé 345, in syn. 
1959. Eriocaullon With. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 31, in 
syn. 1962. Eriocaulum Ktrn. apud Angely, Bibl. Veg. Paran. 155, 
sphalm. 1964. Randalia "Beauv. ex Desv." apud Airy Shaw in 
Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7, 950, in syn. 1966. Sympachne 
Steud. apud Airy Shaw in Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7, 1091, 
in syn. 1966. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Petiv., Gaz. pl. 6, fig. 2. 
1702; L., Spe Pl., od. 1, 87 & 129. 17533 Crantz, Inst. 1: 360. 
1766; Pluk., Alm. pl. 09, fig. 5. 1769; Hope, Phil. Trans. Roy. 
Soc. 59: 2h1—-2)5, pl. 12. 1770; Scep., Introd. Hist. Nat. 20h. 
1777; Huds., Fl. Angl., ed. 2, 2: lik. 17783 Walt., Fl. Carol. 
83. 1788; Lam., Encycl. 3: 276. 1789; Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: 60. 
1790; L. Ce. Rich., Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 113. 1792; 
Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. h, 1: 486. 1797; Michx., Fl. Bor.-am. 
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1-10. 1831; Wall., Numer. List 207--208 ["207"]. 1832; Hook. in 
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28. 1832; Beck, Bot. 370. 1833; Bong., Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pét- 
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(1833), ser. 6, Sci. Nat. 1: S\S—560 (1835), and ser. 3, Bot. 
9--29, pl. 20-25. 180; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 65h. 182; 
Griff., Itin. Notes [Posthum. Papers 2:] 65. 1848; Benth. in 
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283. 1855; F. Muell., Trans. Philos. Soc. Victoria 1: 2h. 1855; 
Benth., Fl. Hongkong 382. 1861; Benth., Fl. Austral. 7: 192. 
1878; F. Muell., Syst. Census Austral. Pl. 123. 1882; F. M. Bai- 
ley, Syn. Queensl. Fl. 578. 1883; A. W. Cham., Fl. South. U. S., 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 379 


ed. 2, 502--50), 658, & 696. 1889; F. Muell., Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 
S. Wales 5: 250. 1890; F. Muell., Bot. Centralbl. ll: 302. 1890; 
Morong, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 35). 1891; Maxim., Diagn. Pl. 
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J. K. Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. 1, 236. 1903; Ruhl. in 
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1908; M. A. Day, Check List 39. 1908; Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 2h: 
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pl. 28, fig. 2. 1912; F. M. Bailey, Compreh. Cat. Queensl. Pl. 
584. 1913; Je Ke Small, Fl. Southeast. U.S., ed. 2, 236. 19133 
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Domin, Bibl. Bot. 20: 506. 1915; Maiden & Betche, Census N. S. 
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H. B. Davis, Life & Works Pringle 3, 55, 56, 94, 105, 123, 1l1, 
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627—632. 1939; Wells, Bot. Rev. 8: 537. 1942; Moldenke in Lun- 
dell, Fl. Texas 3 (1): 4--5. 1942; Carolin. Florist Gov. J. Dray- 
ton S.C. 14. 1943; Black, Fl. S. Austral., ed. 2, 1: 179. 193; 


380 Ae Han Cet ng A 8 Vol. 17, no. 5 


Rouleau, Contrib. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 5): 161 & 313. 19hh; 
Byles & Robertson, U. S. Pub. Health Bull. 286: 106. 19h; W. A. 
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La Plata Bot. 6 (26): 329-—330, pl. 2 (1), fig.  (d) & 6. 196; 
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422--l))8. 1950; Herter, Rev. Sudam. Bot. 8: 163--16. 1950; Mae- 
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1953; Moacyr Lisboa, Cent. Nascim. Leon. Bot. Damazio [2]. 195); 
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1955; Anon., Assoc. Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. Index 1955: 29-30. 
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Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. Pot. Gesell. 67: 83. 1957; E. H. Walker, 
Proc. 8th Pacif. Sci. Cong. : 06. 1957; Angely, Fl. Paran. 10: 
4--9 & 11. 1957; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 29: 328 & 3626 (1957) and 
30: 3931 & 4393. 1958; Anon., U. S. Dept. Agr. Bot. Subj. Index 
5: 4226--4277. 1958; Kostermans, Proc. Sympos. Humid Trop. Veg. 
159. 1958; Suvatabandhu, Proc. Sympos. Humid Trop. Veg. 173. 
1958; Alain, Revist. Soc. Cub. Bot. 15: 49. 1958; DeRoon, Inter- 
nat. Direct. Spec. 201. 1958; P. van Royen, Nov. Guin., new ser., 
10: 21--4,, fig. 1--5. 1959; Soukup, Biota 5: 300-—-301. 1959; 
Anon., Assoc, Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. Index 1958: 31. 1959; 
Razi, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 18: 19. 1959; Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. 
Index 1929-1956, 111. 1959; Reitz, Sellowia 11: 103. 1959; Mol- 
denke, Résumé \--12, 1h, 22, 23, 25, 27, 32, 35, 30, ll, 43, h6, 
48, 51--53, 63, 66, 70, (3 155 T1—79, 83, 88, 89, TZ, EE3; 
116, 119, 123, 132--138, 10, 1-151, 153, 156--163, 165—167, 
169--176, 178--181, 184, 186, 188, 190--193, 196, 201, 204, 205, 
207-209, 211, 218, 226, 20, 277, 278, 281, 284—-294, 309, 320, 
SeS5 32h, Gece 328, 329, 32, 345, 350, 351; 395-399, 11h, 415, 
417--19, L2h, 426,.428, 479-8, & 494. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 
Suppl. 1: [1]~—3, 5—19, 21, 23, & 25. 1959; P. van Royen, Blumea 
10: 126—135, fig. 1. 1960; Straka, Erdkunde 1): 60 & 87. 1960; 
Angely, Fl. Paran. 15: 14h. 1960; Renné, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. 
68. 1960; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 877-- 
880. 1960; Angely, Liv. Gen. Bot. Bras. 19 & lj. 1960; Moldenke, 
Biol. Abstr. 35: 1688 & 2177. 1960; Santapau, Fl. Bombay & Sal- 
sette [3]. 1960; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 2: [1], 2, L~—7, & 9. 
1960; Panigrahi & Naik, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: 383. 1961; Run- 
ner, Rep. G. W. Groff Coll. 292. 1961; Fables, Bartonia 32: 9. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 381 


1961; Angely, Fl. Paran. 17: 2. 1961; Van Steenis-Kruseman, Fl. 
Males. Bull. 3: xli, 781, 861, & 862. 1962; J. H. Willis, Handb. 
Pl. Vict. 281. 1962; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. Awl: 592 & 593. 1962; 
K. Larsen, Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 20: 113. 1962; Moldenke, 
Résumé Suppl. 3: [1]--5, 7, 9, 12, 15--2h, 26, 28, 31, & 32 (1962), 
hk: [1] —-7 & 11 (1962), and 5: (1), 2, 5, & 6. 1962; Angely, Fl. 
Bacia Paran. 22: 31. 1962; Hatusima, Mem. South. Indust. Sci. 
Inst. Kagoshima Univ. 3 (1): 123 (1962) and 3 (2): 123 & 131. 
1962; G. L. Shah, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 4: 237. 1962; Prain, Ben- 
gal Pl., ed. 2, 2: 847-848. 1963; Arker, Water Pl., ed. 2, 286. 
1963; J. Joseph, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 283 & 297. 1963; Heg- 
nauer, Chemotax Pfl. 2: 152. 1963; Montgomery & Fairbrothers, 
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 92 & 96. 1963; Gleason & Cronquist, 
Man. Vasc. Pl. 183--18). 1963; Espirito Santo, Junt. Invest. Ul- 
tramar Est. Ens. & Docum. 10: 54 & 88. 1963; H. P. Riley, Fam. 
Flow. Pl. S. Afr. 199. 1963; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 6: [1], 2, 

5, 6, 8, & 9 (1963), 7: 3 & 6 (1963), 8: 2 & 3 (1964), 10: h& 5 
(196k), and li: [1) & h--6. 1964; Rao & Sastry, Bull. Bot. Surv. 
India 6: 281 & 28). 1964; Punt, Reg. Veg. 9. 196); Langman, Sel- 
ect. Guide Lit. Flow. Pl. Mex. 911. 1964; Panigrahi, Chowdhury, 
Raju, & Deka, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 260--261. 1964; Bhatta- 
charyya, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 208. 1964; C. M. & D. S. Patel, 
Vidya 7: [58]--70. 196; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 5: 5019. 196); 
Batson, Wild Fls. S.C. 28. 196); Koyama in Kitamura, Murata, & 
Koyama, Col. Illustr. Herb. Pl. Japan 175—185, pl. is. 196); 
Angely, Bibl. Veg. Paran. 155 & 253. 1964; D. Walker, Govt. Sara- 
wak Sympos. Ecol. Res. Humid Trop. Veg. 11. 1965; F. A. Barkley, 
List Ord. Fam. Anthoph. 113 & 16). 1965; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & 
Spores 7: 181189. 1965; Thanikaimoni, Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. 
Paris, new ser. B, 1): 9--38. 1965; J. S. Beard, Descrip. Cat. W. 
Austral. Pl. 9. 1965; Hedberg, Webbia 19: 526. 1965; Humbert, 
Trav. Sect. Scient. & Techn. Inst. Frang. Pond., ser. 6, Not. 
Carte Madag. 66. 1965; Stocking, Nat. Conserv. Ecolog. Stud. 
Leafl. 6: [15]. 1965; F. R. Fosberg, Govt. Sarawak Sympos. Ecol. 
Res. Humid Trop. Veg. 286. 1965; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: [{1]- 
5 & 7-10 (1965), 13: [1], 3, 5, & 7 (1966), and lk: (1]—3 & 8. 
1966; Thanikaimoni, Biol. Abstr. 7: 169. 1966; S. V. Ramaswami, 
Study Flow. Pl. Bangalore [thesis] 219--221 & 106--1407. 1966; 

J. A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 1: 15 & 19. 1966; Goodland, Bol. 
Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 26: 345. 1966; Klots, New Field Book 
Freshw. Life 9). 1966; B. G. Briggs, Contrib. N. S. Wales Nat. 
Herb. : 2) & 26. 1966; Shinners, Sida 2: ll. 1966; R. C. Jacks., 
Reg. Veg. 43: 33. 1966; Anon., Gen. Costa Ric. Phan. 2. 1966; R. 
H. Compton, Journ. S. Afr. Bot. Suppl. 6: 19, 33, & 92. 1966; 
Kral, Sida 2: 290—312 & 330. 1966; 0. D. Evans, Contrib. N. S. 
Wales Nat. Herb. Fl. Ser. 27/28: 9--12. 1966; Airy Shaw in Willis, 
Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7, 168, 223, 22h, 349, 396, 417, 418, 620, 
647, 758, 950, 1057, 1091, & 1092. 1966; Subramanyam & Henry, 
Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 21). 1966; Sebastine & Ramamurthy, Bull. 
Bot. Surv. India 8: 182. 1966; J. L. Ellis, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 
8: 329 & 339. 1966; Sculthorpe, Biol. Aquat. Vasc. Pl. 23, 389-- 
391, 393, & 39h. 1967; L. V. Barton, Bibl. Seeds 782. 1967; Satake, 


382 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 5 


Nat. Sci. & Mus. 3h: 161 & 162. 1967; Fulling, Ind. Bot. Record. 
Bot. Review 178. 1967; L. O. Williams, Fieldiana Bot. 31: 249-- 
269. 1967; R. M. Harper, Castanea 32: 17. 1967; 0. D. Evans, Biol. 
Abstr. 8: 4562. 1967; Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 2 (1): 135 (1967) 
and 2 (2): 659. 1967; Friedrich-Holzhammer in Merxmffller, Prodr. 
Fl. Stidw. Afr. 159: 1--2. 1967; Berhaut, Fl. Sénégal, ed. 2, 311. 
1967; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 48 (10): S.60. 1967; J. & A. Raynal, 
Adansonia 7: 329. 1967; L. S. Thomas, Pine Barrens 23. 1967; D. A. 
Livingstone, Ecolog. Monog. 37 (1): 3. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé 
Suppl. 15: (1], 8, 10, 12, 1h, & 20 (1967) and 16: [1], 2, 5, 7— 
9, 12, 19, 21, & 25——27. 1968; Justice & Bell, Wild Fls. N. C. 13 
& 209. 1968; Meikle, Kew Bull. 22: 141—1)). 1968; R. M. White, 
Irish Naturl. Journ. 16: 0. 1968. 

The scientific name of this genus is taken fram the Greek, 
Eproy,and kavAdos, meaning "hairy stem", since many species 
have pubescent scapes or peduncles. Berhaut (1967) describes 
this genus, as know to him, as "Bractées triangulares, sommet 
beaucoup plus large, base cunéiforme, 6a bractées de base seule— 
ment, dont 3 exterieures débordant la base du capitule....capi- 
tules blanc-neigeux". Riley (1963) reports the sporophytic 
chromosome number as 32 and 36. Thanikaimoni (1965) studied the 
pollen of 6 species of the genus. Livingstone (1967) tells us 
that the genus is among the minor taxa in the sritaceous belt of 
the Ruwenzori Mountains in equatorial Africa. Rickett (1967) re- 
cords the common names "hatpins" and "pipeworts" for the genus 
as a whole, and Espirito Santo (1963) records "or6". 

The Lasiolepis of Bennett, referred to in the synonymy above, 
is a synonym of Harrisonia R. Br. in the Rutaceae. The type 
species of Eriocaulon is E, decangulare L. {as established by 
Britton & Brown (1913)]; that of Chaetodiscus is C. gilberti 
Steud., based on Gilbert 153 from Australia [Ruhland reduces 
this genus to synonymy under Eriocaulon, but fails to dispose of 
the type binomial anywhere in his work]. The type of Electro- 

sperma is E. australasicum F. Muell. [*Eriocaulon australasicum 
(F. Muell.) Ktrn.]. Lasiolepis has no type indicated; three 
species were proposed in the original publication: L. aquatica 
Boeck., L. brevifolia Boeck., and L. pilosa Boeck. — of these 
the first two are members of the genus s Eriocaulon, while the 
last-mentioned belongs in the genus Pae thus. The type spe- 
cies of Nasmythia is N. articulata Huds. lastine. Th septangu- 
lare With.J, that of Randalia is R. decangulare (L.) P. Beauv. 


[=Eriocaulon decangulare L.J, and that of S ymphachne is S. x»yT- 
oides P. Beauv. [=Eriocaulon decangulare L.]. 

The Poilane 13849, distributed to herbaria as a species of 
Eriocaulon, is actually Fimbristylis tetragona R. Br. in the Cy- 
peraceae. 


ERIOCAULON ABYSSINICUM Hochst. 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 383 


122. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 135, 138, 147, 153, & 479. 19593; Kil- 
lick, Bot. Surv. S. Afr. Mam. 34: 119. 1963; R. H. Compton, 
Journ. S. Afr. Bot. Suppl. 6: 33. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 
16: 8. 1968. 

Compton (1966) records this species from Swaziland. The H. 
Wild 1162 [Govt. Herb. 15100], distributed as E. abyssinicum, is 
actually E, ambo&nse Schinz. 

Additional citations: ETHIOPIA: Schimper 68 (S), 1944 (B-- 
isotype, Z--isotype). 7 a 


ERIOCAULON ACHITON Ktrn. 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon heteropeplon Kirn. ex Moldenke, Résumé 
Suppl. 1: 17, in syn. 1959 [not E, heteropeplon Alv. Silv., 1928]. 
Eriocaulon schlagintweitii Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 18, 
in syn. 1959. Eriocaulon thomsoni Ktrn. ex Moldenke, Résumé 
Suppl. 1: 18, in syn. 1959. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
122. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 159, 161; 175, 178, & 79. ghia Mol- 
denke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 11, 17, & 18° (1959), 3: 16 (1962), and 
15: 8. 1967. 

This species has been collected on wet cliffs in open areas, 
at altitudes of 50--2000 meters, flowering from January to March 
and in October, and fruiting in February. Hansen & Smitinand de- 
scribe it as "common in wet localities" in Thailand, and tell us 
that the flowers are "whitish" or "dirty-white". Smitinand says 
of it "common in sandy soil along edge of water hole". 

Tpe name, E. heteropeplon Ktrn., appears to be based on 
Schlagintweit 2653, from East Punjab, deposited in the herbarium 
of the Botanisches Museum at Berlin, and 11311, from Sind, d epos- 
ited in the herbarium of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum at Stock- 
holm, while E. schlagintweitii Ruhl. is based on Schlagintweit 
188, "trom Khasia, deposited at Berlin, and E. thomsoni Kirn. is 
based on J. De. Hooker 3, from Sikkim, "also deposited at Berlin. 
Ruhland also annotated the Hooker Borteetten at Berlin as "Erio- 
caulon n. sp." 

Hansen & Smitinand 12388a is a mixture with Es sexangulare L., 
while Ritchie 12h2 is a mixture with E, stellulatum K8rn. and Ee 
thwaitesii Kirn. _ 

Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as 
E. sexangulare L, The Smitinand 1982a, distributed as E. achiton, 
is actually E. alpestre Hook. f. & Thoms. 

Additional citations: PAKISTAN: East Bengal: Griffith 5576 Gah 
C, S). Sind: Schwagintweit 11311 (S). INDIA: Assam: Chand nd 2978 
(Mi); Koelz 31319a (Mi). East ist Punjab: Schlagintweit 187 By (5) pau 
2653 (B). Kerala: Stocks, Law, &. s.n. (Malabar, Concan, &c] 
(B). Khasi States: Griffith 47 (B—type); Schlagintweit 188 (B). 
Madras: Perrottet 1170 (V, V—96838, V—-270556). Mysore: Ha in 
Ramaswamy 20 [Neds wl 21 (Rf), 29 (Ac). Sikkim: J. D. Hooker 3 (B). 


38), PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no, 5 


State undetermined: Ritchie 122, in part (T). THAILAND: Hansen 
& Smitinand 11897 (Cp, Rf), 12368a (Cp), 12389 (Cp, Rf); Smiti- 
nand 5602 (Gg). 


ERIOCAULON ADAMESII Meikle 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 161. 199; 
Moldenke, Résumé 136 & 79. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 8 & 
9 (1959) and : 6. 1962. 

This species has been collected in flower in December, growing 
in poor sandy soil at the uppermost ends of tidal creeks, and also 
"common in wet ditches, often submerged". Meikle (1948) comments 
that E. adamesii "is a very distinct Eriocaulon, having closer af- 
finities with the West Iridian E. echinospermum C. Wright, and its 
allies, than with any African representatives of the genus. E. 
Sahat is the only African species with which it could possibly 
be confused, but this has blackish capitula, and the sepals of the 
2 flowers have broad wing-like keels." 

Additional citations: SENEGAL: J. G. Adam 18299 (Z), 18377 (Z). 
REPUBLIC OF GUINEA: Boismare }17 (Herb. Chillou 3937] (An); Chillou 
17k6 (An). LIBERIA: Dinklage 3009 (B). 


ERIOCAULON AEQUINOCTIALE Ruhl. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Goegr. Distrib. Erioc, 
5 & 32. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 181. 199; Moldenke, Résumé 
70 & 479. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON AFRICANUM Hochst. 

Additional bibliography: J. Hutchinson, Botanist in South. Afr. 
678. 1946; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 122—123. 1957; 
Moldenke, Résumé 18, 151, & 153. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 
2: 9 (1960) and 3: 16. 1962. 

This species has been collected at 6000 feet altitude. Hutch- 
inson (1946) cites his no. 324. The Zeyher 1730, distributed 
as E. africanum, is actually Sy Syngonanthus hus wahlbergii (Wikstr.) 
Ruhl, 

Additional citations: SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal: F. A. Rogers s. 
n. [Moss & Rogers 1921] (S). =v a 


ERIOCAULON AFZELIANUM Wikstr. 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon kouroussense Lecomte ex Moldenke, Résumé 
289, in syn. 1959. Eriocaulon afzelii Wikstr. ex Moldenke, Résu- 
mé Suppl. 1: 16, in syn. 1959. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Dis- 
trib. Erioc. 20, 21, 32, & 36. 1946; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. 
Brux. 27: 123. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 13)—138, 289, & 79. 1959; 
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: ai: 1959; Hepper, Bull. Inst. Fond. 
Afr. Noire 27: 420. 1965; Berhaut, Fl. Sénégal, ed. 2, 311. 1967s 

The name, E. kouroussense Leconte, appears to be based on R 
nal & Raynal 6795 in the herbarium of the California Academy of 
Sciences at San Francisco. Hepper (1965) found the species grow- 


ct., 


Herbarium epee sore we have material of this family from additional 
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1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 385 


ing in seasonally inundated ricefields in Northern Nigeria. Ber- 
haut (1967) cites his numbers 1636, 6432, 6633, & 6651 from Séné- 
gal. Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria 
as E. bongense Engl. & Ruhl. and under the name Utricularia spira- 
lis Sm. 

~ Additional citations: SENEGAL: J. G. Adam 15887 (2), 15922 (2), 
15947 (Z), 16968 (Z), 18477 (2), 18527 (Z); Raynal & Raynal 5231 
(Z, Z--drawing), 6795 (Gg); Roberty 16336 (An). REPUBLIC OF GUI- 
NEA: Boismare )2 [Herb. Chillou 3962] (An); Chillou 7 (An), 1) 
(An), 754 (Z), 789 (An, An), 935 (An), 1155 (Z), 3435 (An), 3555 
(An), 4OLO (An); Pitot s.n. [13.X.1950] (An). SIERRA LEONE: Af- 
zelius 1h (B--type, S-~isotype, S--isotype, Z—isotype). NIGERIA: 
Northern: C. Barter 1019 (B, S, Ut—-325). CHAD: Schweinfurth s. 
n. [Djur, 1869] (B). = 


ERIOCAULON ALATUM H. Lecomte 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Eri- 
oc. 26 & 61. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 181 (199) and : 339. 
1953; Moldenke, Résumé 175, 18), 201, & 79. 1959; Moldenke, Ré 
sum§ Suppl. 1: 13 (1959) and 3: 20. 1962; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & 
Spores 7: 183. 1965. 

Collectors have found this species growing in savannas, de- 
scribe it as an herb with yellowish heads, at 200 meters altitude, 
flowering in April, October, and December, fruiting in April, and 
called "chuk nok yung" in Thailand. 

Additional citations: THAILAND: Bunnal 57l1b [Roy. Forest Dept. 
18264] (Bk); Larsen 825 (2); Sgrensen, Larsen, & Hansen 78) (Cp), 
8070 (S). WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: 
Reillo 19270 (N). INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Celebes: 
Eyma 3383 (Ut—11518b), 3996 (Ut—11514b). Sumatra: H. H. Bart- 
lett 7456 (Mi). 


ERIOCAULON ALLEIZETTEI Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 27: 2026. 1953; 
Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 123. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 
156 & 479. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON ALPESTRE Hook. f. & Thoms. 

Synonymy: Ericaulon alpestre Merr. & Walker, Bibl. East. Asiat. 
Bot. 343, sphalm. 1938. Eriocaulon alpestre var. alpestre (Hook. 
f. & Thoms.) Koyama, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 8: 368. 1955. 
Eriocaulon femineo-spathaceum Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 
17, in syn. 1959. 

Additional bibliography: Maxim., Diagn. Pl. Nov. As. 8: 25. 
1892; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 578. 1894; Ruhl. in mngl., 
Pflanzenreich 13 (IV, 30): 95. 1903; Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 
130. 1910; Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26: [93--9}. 1912; Lecomte, Fl. 
Gén. Indochine 7: 10, pl. 6D. 1922; Mak., Jap. Bot. Journ. 3: 26. 
1926; S. Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 99. 1928; Tu, Chinese Bot. Dict., 


386 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 5 


abrdg. ed., 1317. 1933; Merr. & Walker, Bibl. East. Asiat. Bot. 
343. 1938; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 23, 25, 26, 32, 
& 61. 1963 Koyama, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 8h: 367— 366. 1955; 
Moldenke, Résumé 161, 169, 171, 172, 175, 178, 18h, 285, & 79. 
1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 11.& 17 (1959), 2: 6 (1960), and 
3: 19. 1962; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 183. 1965; Moldenke, 
Résum6 16: 21. 1968. 

Koyama (1955) cites a Hayata s.n. from Tonkin and remarks: 
"Having expected the occurrence of the present species in Indo- 
China, Lecomte included this in his Flora général de 1'Indo-Chine, 
without any citation of extant specimen from Indo-China. This 
Hayata's record may be the first one based upon a real specimen. 
E. alpestre in Ruhland's sense is composed of two taxa in the 
present days, namely E. alpestre in his meaning includes E. ro- 
bustius, a Japanese allied one. Examining E. alpestre, I, how- 
ever, found that there was not very important difference between 
the above two entities, and I was inclined to place E. robustius 
in a varietal rank as Maximowicz did in his first publication of 
this taxon." Koyama, therefore, recognizes E. alpestre var. ro- 
bustius Maxim. and E. alpestre var. nigrum (Satake) Koyama, which 
I maintain as E. robustius (Maxim.) Mak. and E. robustius var. 
nigrum Satake, “respectively. 

Eriocaulon alpestre has been collected in bogs, at pond margins, 
and in rice paddies near carabao pastures and Chara pools, at al- 
titudes of 5000 to 12,000 feet, flowering in August. Common names 
recorded for it are "hiroha-no—inunchige", "hiroha-no-inunohige", 
"kok-cheng", and “kuro-—inunohiga". Material has been misidenti- 
fied and distributed in herbaria under the names E.-achiton Ktrn., 
E. atrum Nakai, E. japonicum Kérn., E. luzulaefolium Mart., and 
E. = Mart. The cheironymous binomial, E. femineo- 
spathaceum Ruhl., was based by Ruhland on Warburg sen. from Yulu- 
po, Japan, deposited in the herbarium of the Botanisches Museum 
at Berlin. 

Additional citations: INDIA: Assam: Jenkins s.n. [Assam; h.r. 
nm. 310] (S). Khasi States: C. B. Clarke 1885la (B)} Hooker & 
Thomson 19 (B), sen. (Mont. Khasia, , 5-6000 ped. ] (SoS, S, Ut—30k). 
Sikkim: J. D. Hooker 18 (B), sen. [Sikkim, 8-12,000 ey) } (Ss, 
Ut--305). THAILAND: Smitinand 1982a (Gg). INDOCHINA: Annan: 
Clemens & Clemens 212 (Ca—-339345). KOREA: Komarov 349 (N). 
WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: JAPAN: Honshu: Furuse s.n. Son. [16 Sept. 
1954] (S), sen. [17 Sept. 195k] (S, S), Sm. [1s Sept. 1955] (S); 
Saida s.n. (Matsushiro, Prov. Shinano, Aug. ug. 1885] (B). Kiushu: 
Hayakawa s gen. (S). Island undetermined: Warburg s.n, [Yulupo] 

B e 


ERIOCAULON ALTO-GIBBOSUM Ruhl. 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Eri- 
oc. 7 & 32. 196; Moldenke, Résumé 88 & 79. 1959. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 387 


Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mattogrosso: Pilger 757 (B—type, 
Z—isotype). 


ERIOCAULON AMANOANUM Koyama 

Bibliography: Koyama, Journ. Jap. Bot. 31: 9--ll, fig. 3. 
1956; Moldenke, Résumé 181 & 79. 1959; Hatusima, Mem. South. In- 
dust. Sei. Inst. Kagoshima Univ. 3 (1): 123. 1962; Moldenke, Ré- 
sumé Suppl. 12: 8. 1965. 

the type of this species was collected by T. Amano (no. 4) -- 
in whose honor it is named — at Ogimi-mura, Okinawa, in 1937, 
and is deposited in the herbarium of the National Science Museum. 
Koyama (1958) states that this species is related to E. latifolium 
J. Sm., of Africa, but differs in its pilose receptacle, the se- 
pals of the staminate florets being glaucous-nigrescent, the anth- 
ers nigrescent, and the petals of the pistillate florets being 
smaller. He says that it resembles E. sexangulare L., which dif- 
fers in being dimerous. 7 

Additional citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: JAPAN: Kiushu: 
Hatusima & Sako 25289 (Z). 


ERIOCAULON AMBOENSE Schinz 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
123. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 147, 151, & 479. 1959; Moldenke, Ré- 
sumé Suppl. 3: 16 (1962) and 4: 6 & 7. 1962; Friedrich-Holzhammer 
in Merzmtfller, Prodr. Fl. Stidw. Afr. 159: 1 & 2. 1967. 

This species has been collected at 540 feet altitude in South- 
ern Rhodesia. Material has been misidentified and distributed in 
herbaria as E, abyssinicum Hochst., E. inyangense Arwidsson, and 
E. sexangulare L. 

Additional citations: SENEGAL: J. G. Adam 15709 (Z), 183622 
(Z). REPUBLIC OF GUINEA: Schuell 2366 (An). RHODESIA: C.K. 
Brain 70 (N), 9010 (N); Horaky H.2305 [Govt. Herb. 1317] (N— 
photo); H. H. Wild 162 (Govt. Herb. 15100] (N). SOUTHWEST AFRICA: 
Baum 111 (S, 5, Z)} Dinter 7220 (S). SOUTH AFRICA: Cape of Good 
Hope: SF A. Rogers s.n. [Moss & Rogers 1593] (S). 


ERIOCAULON AMPHIBIUM Rendle 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 181. 199; 
Moldenke, Résumé 18 & 479. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON ANDONGENSE Welw. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Eri- 
oc. 21 & 32. 19146; Moldenke, Résumé 1h7 & 479. 1959. 

Additional citations: ANGOLA: Loanda: Welwitsch 2)3 (B—co- 
type, Z--cotype). 


ERIOCAULON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Ktrn. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Eri- 
oc. 7 & 32. 1916; Moldenke, Phytologia 4: 340. 1953; eee 
Résumé 88 & 479. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1): 2.1 

This plant has been collected in flower and fruit in Oe tober. 


388 Ps Bo TalO G20 oF. Fak Vol. 17, no. 5 


Additional citations: BRAZIL: Brasilia: Sucre 839 [Luiza 69] 
(Z). Goids: G, Gardner 4362 [liacbride photos 10555] (B—tyne, Ne 
isotype, W--photo of type). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings & 
notes by Ktrnicke (B). 


ERIOCAULON ANGUSTISEPALUM H. Hess 

Additional bibliography: Anon., Assoc. Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. 
Trop. Index 1955: 29--30. 1956; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 
27: 12h. 1957; H. Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. Bot. Gesell. 67: 83. 
1957; Moldenke, Résumé 147 & 479. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 
1: 10. 1959. 

This plant has been collected at 1850 meters altitude in An- 
gola. 

Additional citations: ANGOLA: Huila: Antunes 168b (B); H. Hess 


52/1754 (B, Z).» MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: fig. 1a (B). 


ERIOCAULON ANNAMENSE H. Lecomte 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Eri- 
oc. 26 & 61. 196; Moldenke, Résumé 175 & 479. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON ANNUUM Milne-Redhead 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Eri- 
oc. 21. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 181~—182. 199; Moldenke, 
Résumé 1h, 148, & 479. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 9 
(1959) and 4: 6. 1962. 

Additional citations: REPUBLIC OF GUINEA: Boismare 22 [Herb. 
Chillou 3942] (An); Chillou 727 (An); Pitot s.n. [4-X.1950] (An), 

sen. [13.X.1950] (An). MAFIA ISLAND: Schlieben ben 257) (B, N, S). 


ERIOCAULON ANTUNESII Engl. & Ruhl. 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon antunesii Engl. ex Moldenke, Résumé 
Suppl. 1:16,. ain syn./1959. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Eri- 
oc. 21 & 32. 1946; Moldenke, Résumé i7 & 479. 1959; Moldenke, 
Résumé Suppl. 1: 16 (1959) and h: 6 & 7. 1962. 

Additional citations: VOLTAIC REPUBLIC: Winkony 3 (Z). SENE- 
GAL: Winkony 23 (Z). IVORY COAST: Winkony 1 (Z). ANGOLA: Huila: 
Antunes 139 (b--type, b—isotype, Z--isotype). 


ERIOCAULON APICULATUM H. Lecomte & Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
125. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 156 & 79. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON AQUATILE Ktrn. 

Synonymy: Paepalanthus aquatilis Mart. ex Moldenke, Résumé 
323, in syn. 1959. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Eri- 
oce 7, 32, & kh. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 321. 1950; Molden- 
ke, Résumé 88, 323, & 179. 1959; Renné, Levant. Herb. Inst. Ag- 
ron. 68. 19603 Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. ety Zn AGS 

The name, Paepalanthus aquatilis, is apparently a cheironym 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 389 


placed on the type collection of this taxon by Martius himself. 
The type specimen, Martius s.n., deposited in the Munich herbari- 
um, was photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph 
number 1868). The species has been collected in anthesis in 


June. 
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Brasilia: Irwin & Soderstrom 


5822 (N). Minas Gerais: Martius s.n. [Macbride photos 1868] (N- 
photo of type, N--photo of type, W--photo of type); Sena SNe 
[Herb. Schwacke 14561] (B). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings & 
notes by Ktrnicke (B); drawings of type collection by Martius (B). 


ERIOCAULON ARECHAVALETAE Herter 

Additional bibliography: Castellanos, Lilloa 20: 2h. 199; 
Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 125. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 
119, 285, 289, & 79. 1959. 

The Pedersen 812, distributed as E, arechavaletae, is actually 
E. magnum Abbiatti. 

Additional citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Descole, Gen. Sp. 
Pl. Argent. pl. 1) (N), pl. 15 (N). 


ERIOCAULON ARENICOLA Britton & Small 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
125. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 53 & 479. 1959. 

Additional citations: ISLA DE PINOS: Killip 2715 (S); Marie- 
Victorin & Alain 166 (Vi). 


ERIOCAULON ARISTATUM H. Hess 

Additional bibliography: Anon., Assoc. Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. 
Trop. Index 1955: 29--30. 1956; H. Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. Bot. 
Gesell. 67: 83--8. 1957; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
125. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 1,7, 151, & 479. 1959; Moldenke, Ré- 
sumé Suppl. 1: 10. 1959; Friedrich-Holzhammer in Merxntiller, 
Prodr. Fl. Sttdw. Afr. 159: 2. 1967. 

Hess (1957) records this species from Southern Rhodesia. 
Friedrich-Holzhammer (1967) reduces E. welwitschii var. pygmaeum 
Rendle to synonymy under E. aristatun. 


ERIOCAULON ATABAPENSE Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
126. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 66, 71, & 479. 1959. 

The Cruyent 47 collection, cited below, is a mixture with some 
cyperaceous material. 

Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Cruyent 7, in part 
(Ve); Vareschi & Maegedfrau 6608 (Ve—2903); Ll. Williams 13858 
(Z--photo of type). 


ERIOCAULON ATRATUM Ktrn, 

Additional bibliography: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 57). 189h; 
Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (IV, 30): 69. 1903; Fyson, Journ. 
Indian Bot. 2: 310. 1921; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
2h & 32. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia ): 340. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 


390 Pens Cir ore 2h Vol. 17, no. 5 


167 & 479. 1959. 

Ruhland (1903), in his monograph of this group, cites the type 
collection of this species as "Gardner 972", but the actual type 
seems definitely to be number 932. The Co. Collector undesignated s. 
n. [18/10/13], distributed as E. atratum, is actually £. atrum 
Nakai. 

= pe citations: CEYLON: G. Gardner 932 (B-type, Z--iso- 
type 


ERIOCAULON ATRATUM var. MAJOR Thwaites 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
2h, 32, 33, & 38. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia h: 340. 1953; Mol- 
denke, Résumé 167, 286, 291, & h79. 1959. 

The Herb. Holtermann S.n. specimen, cited below, has stems to 
12 inches long and leafy thr throughout! 

Additional citations: CEYLON: Herb. Holtermann s.n. (B); 
Thwaites C.V.131 (B--isotype, B--Isotype 


ERIOCAULON ATROIDES Satake 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
126. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 172 & 479. 1959. 

This species has been found growing in mddy swamps. A common 
name recorded for it is "kuro-inunohiga". Material has been 
misidentified and distributed in herbaria as E, atrum Nakai. 

Additional citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: JAPAN: Honshu: 
Furuse sen. [6 Oct. 1955] (S), sen. [2 July 1956] (S). 


ERIOCAULON ATROIDES f. NANUM Satake 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
126--127. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 172 & 479. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON ATRUM Nakai 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon atratum Nakai, in herb. [not E. atratum 
Ktrn., 1856]. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
25 & 61. 1946; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. "Bot. Brux. 27: 127. 19573 
Moldenke, Résumé alee 172, & 479. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 
3: 18 & 21. 1962; Koyama in Kitamura, Murata, & Koyama, Col. Tl- 
ustr. ee Pl. Japan 18--185, pl. 48, fig. 310, text fig. 126 
(2). 196 e 

This species has been found growing in boggy pondsides. The 
Koyama plate, cited above, is in full color. The Furuse s.n. “[6 
Oct. 1955], distributed me E. atrum, is actually E. . atroides Sa- 
take, while Furuse s.n. [17 Sept. 1954] is Ee alpestr e Hook. f. 
& Thoms. 

Additional citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: JAPAN: Honshu: 
Collector undesignated s.n. [18/10/13] (S); Furuse s.n. [1 Sept. 
— (Ca—59916), son. [2 July 1956] (S), s-n. sn. [21 Sept. 1957] 

S). 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 391 


ERIOCAULON ATRUM var. INTERMEDIUM Nakai 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
127-128. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 172 & 79. 1959; Koyama in Kita- 
mura, Murata, & Koyama, Col. Illustr. Herb. Pl. Japan 185. 196). 


ERIOCAULON ATRUM var. PLATYPETALUM Satake 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux,. 27: 
128. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 172 & 479. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON AUSTRALASICUM (F. Muell.) Ktrn. 

Synonymy: Electrosperma australasicum F. Muell., Trans. Philos. 
Soc. Victoria 1: 24. 1855. Eriocaulon electrospermm F. Muell., 
Syst. Census Austral. Pl. 123. 1882. 

Bibliography: F,. Muell., Trans. Philos. Soc. Victoria 1: 2). 
1855; Ktrn., Linnaea 27: 616. 1856; F. Muell., Syst. Census Aus- 
tral. Pl. 123. 1882; Moore & Betche, Handb. Fl. New S. Wales 0. 
1893; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (IV, 30): 114. 1903; Mai- 
den & Betche, Census New S. Wales Pl. 38. 1916; Moldenke, Known 
Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 27, 32, & 3h. 1946; Ewart, Fl. Vict. 263. 
1931; Moldenke, Résumé 208, 26h, 286, 287, & 79. 1959; J. H. 
Willis, Handb. Pl. Vict. 261. 1962; 0. D. Evans, Contrib. New S. 
Wales Nat. Herb, Fl. Ser. 27/28: 10. 1966. 

Evans (1966) describes this plant as follows: "Small annual 
scapigerous herb. Leaves 2--5 cm. long, ca. 1.5 m. broad, lin- 
earsubulate, pellucid, fenestrate, 3- to 5-nerved. Scapes about 
as long as the leaves, erect, l- to 5-ribbed. Flower-heads ovate 
to subglobose, 3—-l; mm. diam.; outer bracts almost lanceolate, 
obtuse to acute, glabrous; inner bracts narrow, acuminate, glab- 
rous; receptacle conical. Male flowers central, pedicellate; 3 
outer tepals cohering at the base; 3 inner tepals fused into a 
tube, with 3 lobes at the apex each bearing a gland; stamens 6. 
Female flowers on short pedicels; perianth absent; style short 
with 3 filiform stigmatic branches. Capsule smooth, 3-locular; 
seeds solitary, smooth." He says that the type was collected 
by Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von hueller, in December, 1853, in 
wet ground along the Murray River towards the junction with the 
holotype]. He comments "Known only from the type locality; if 
not extinct, it would be expected to occur on both the New South 
Wales (South-western Plains) and Victorian sides of the Murray 
River. Search for it is desirable." It should also be noted 
that if the above description is correot and there are really 
no sepals (as well as no petals) in the pistillate florets, 
then this species does not fit into the generic description of 
Eriocaulon and Mueller's genus Electrosperma may well be revived 
for it. 


ERIOCAULON AUSTRALE Re Br. 

Additional bibliography: Benth., Fl. Austral. 7: 192. 1878; 
F. Muell., Syst. Census Austral. Pl. 123. 1882; F. M. Bailey, 
Syn. Queensl. Fl. 578. 1883; Moore & Betche, Handb. Fl. New S. 


392 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 5 


Wales 0. 1893; F. M. Bailey, Queensl. Fl. 6: 1715. 1902; Ruhl. 
in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (IV, 30): 66. 1903; F. M. Bailey, Com- 
preh. Cat. Queensl. Pl. 584. 1913; Domin, Bibl. Bot. 20: 506. 
1915; Maiden & Betche, Census New S. Wales Pl. 38. 1916; Koyama, 
Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 8h: 368 & 378, pl. 6. 1955; Moldenke, 
Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 128. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 169, 175, 
208, 211, & 479. 1959; Moldenke, Hésumé Suppl. 3: 17. 1962; O. D. 
Evans, Contrib. New S. Wales Nat. Herb., Fl. Ser., 27/28: 10—ll. 
1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 12. 1968. 

The specific epithet of this species is sometimes uppercased 
for no valid reason. Koyama (1955) cites Hayata 99 from Annan. 
Bailey (1913) records the common name "hat-pin plant". Evans 
(1966) describes the plant as follows: "Anmal scapigerous herb 
sprinkled with loose hairs at least on the lower parts of the 
leaves and scapes. Leaves basal, tufted, linear, up to 60 cm. 
long and 0.8 cm. wide. Scapes about half again as long as the 
leaves, ribbed when dry with 6—7 distinct ribs. Flower-heads 
hoary, semi-globose, changing to depressed-globose at maturity, 
up to 8 m. wide; involucral bracts closely imbricate, broad, 
glabrous or nearly so, the margins entire or lacerate; fertile 
bracts closely imbricate, 3 mm. long, up to 3 mm. wide, obconical, 
narrowed at the base into a short stalk, broad and rounded at 
the apex which is covered externally with a very short and dense, 
white, persistent tomentum. Flowers very numerous, the male and 
female mixed together or sometimes one sex or the other predomin- 
ating, the tepals scarious or hyaline. Male flowers: outer tep- 
als 3, irregular, the 2 laterals ca. 2.5 mm. long, 0.5 m. wide, 
the middle one linear, much narrower; inner tepals 3, equal, less 
than 1 mm. long, inserted on the receptacle close beneath the 
stamens, each fringed with a few white hairs. Stamens 3--6 on 
very short filaments. Female flowers: parts seen better in 
fruiting stage as follows: outer tepals 3, irregular, the 2 la- 
terals ca. 3 mm. long, up to 3 mm. wide, complicate, the keel 
very broadly winged, lacerate on the upper margin, the middle 
one lanceolate, concave, shorter than the laterals; inner tepals 
3, regular, ca. 2.5 mm. long, linear but with a broader base. 
Ovary 3-lobed, 3-locular; style branches 3, filiform. Capsule 
similar to the ovary, slightly enlarged, opening by longitudinal 
slits. Seeds ellipsoid, ca. 0.8 mm. long, brown, shining." He 
comments that the species flowers in summer "and possibly most 
of the year," growing in wet places in sandy heathland and on 
margins of swamps. From New South Wales he cites Collector un- 
designated s.n. [Nat. Herb. 58391], Constable s.n. [Jan. 1953; 
Nat. Herb. 22205],Ingram s.n. [Aug. 1941; Nat. Herb. 6330] and 
sen. [Jan. 1961; Nat. Herb. 6334], and Maiden & Boorman s.n. 
[Nov. 1903; Nat. Herb. 58392]. He reports it also from Queens- 
land and Northern Territory. 

Additional citations: CHINA: Fukien: En 211 (Ca--288123). 
Kwangtung: Tsang 330 (Herb. Lingnan Univ. 19611] (N), 331 (Herb. 
Lingnan Univ. 19612] (N); Tso 21077 (N, N). AUSTRALIAN REGION: 
AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Dallachy s.n. [Rockingham Bay] (V—71557). 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 393 


State undetermined: Collector undesignated s.n. [Nov. Holl.] (V). 
MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Baur Icon 29 (V), 250 (V). 


ERIOCAULON BARBA-CAPRAE Fyson 

Additional bibliography: Fyson, Journ, Indian Bot. 2: 19213; 
Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 23 & 61. 1916; Moldenke, 
Phytologia : 31. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 161 & 79. 1959; Thani- 
kaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 18. 1965; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 
15: 20. 1967. 


ERIOCAULON BARBEYANUM Ruhl. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
23 & 32. 196; Moldenke, Résumé 161 & 79. 1959. 

Additional citations: INDIA: Mysore: Ritchie 127 (B—isotype, 
Z=-isotype). 


ERIOCAULON BASSACENSE Moldenke 
Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 308--309 & 321. 1950; 
Moldenke, Résumé 175 & 479. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON BAURII N. E. Br. 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon bauri N. E. Br. ex Zinderenbakker, S. Afr. 
Pollen 1: 32, 36, & 79, pl. 7, fig. 33 & Wy. 1953. 

Additional bibliography: Zinderenbakker, S. Afr. Pollen 1: 32, 
36, & 79, pl. 7, fig. 33 & 4h. 19533 Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. 
Brux. 27: 128. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 153 & 79. 1959; Moldenke, 
Résumé Suppl. 2: 9 (1960) and 3: 16. 1962; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & 
Spores 7: 182. 1965; R. H. Compton, Journ. S. Afr. Bot. Suppl. 6: 
33. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 8. 1968. 

This species has been collected at altitudes of 5600-6000 
feet, flowering in November. Killick states that it is "locally 
very abundant" in Natal. Compton (1966) records it from Swazi- 
land. 

Additional citations: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape of Good Hope: Baur 
1166 (B—cotype, Z--cotype). Natal: Killick 116 (S). Trans- 
vaal: F. A. Rogers 19580 (S). 


ERIOCAULON BEAUVERDI Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
35, 61, & 62. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 183 (199), 3: 321 
(1950); and : 3l1. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 88, 288, & 179. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON BENTHAMI Kunth 

Additional bibliography: H. B. Davis, Life & Works Pringle 56 
& 655. 1936; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux, 27: 129. 1957; Mol- 
denke, Résumé 35, 286, & 179. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. ): 
(19625 and 12: [1] & 2. 1965; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 
181. 1965. 

Recent collectors have found this plant growing in water, in 
scattered colonies in moist sandy soil of moist open wooded ra- 
vines, and in moist to wet places in low wet meadows along with 


39h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 5 


Cyperus, Eleocharis, Juncus, Mimulus, Ranunculus, Spiranthes, 
Trifolium, grasses, etc., at altitudes of 1900—2250 meters, 
flowering in July. Iltis and his associates describe the flowers 
as "chalk-white". 

Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as 
E. humboldtii Kunth. On the other hand, the Hitchcock & Stanford 
7201 and Pringle 2665, distributed as E. benthami, appear to be 
Ee ehrenbergianum Klotzsch. The E. benthamd of S Schlechtendal is 
a synonym of E. ehrenbergianum Klotzsch. 

Additional citations: LOUISIANA: Beauregard Par.: R. L. Crock- 
ett 8280 (Ld). MEXICO: Chihuahua: E. W. Nelson 6028 (W—-3597h5) . 
Federal District: Collector undesignated s.n. (Chapultepec, Au- 
gust 31, 1872] (W--l5278). Jalisco: Hartweg 258 (B-type); R. Le. 
McGregor 16617 (Lw); R. McVaugh 201,73 (Mi). México: Gilly, 
Alexander, & H & Hernandez Xolocotzi 83 (Mi); Hinton 627 (S), 3638 
(fre Lsh9 (Rf. Rf, Ur); Matuda 30855 (Z); Pringle 1871 (i (Mi) 
i chagbane TT Tltis, Koeppen, & Tltis Lo9 ( (S). Nayarit: J. Ne. J. N. Rose 

s.n. (Aug. 8, 1897] (W--82909). Tlaxcala: Arséne 1725 (wW— 
10327h1) . Vaeacmne Pringle 11871 (Gg—-23)00, W—-l,61266, W-- 
1586)88) . 


ERIOCAULON BIFISTULOSUM Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. 

Additional & emended synonymy: Eriocaulon fluitans Criff., 
Itin, Notes [Posth. Papers 2:] 65, 1848. Eriocaulon fluitans J. 
G. Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 20: 227. 1693. Sriocaulon 
limosum Engl. & Ruhl. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 27: 7h. 1899. Erio- 
caulon schweinfurthii Engl. & Ruhl. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 27: 7: The 
1899. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Griff., Itin. Notes [Posth. 
Papers 2:] 65. 1848; A. Chev., Sudania 1: 7. 1911; Moldenke, 
Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 20—23, 27, 32, 3u, & 39. 19463 Mol- 
denke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 129. 1957; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 
29: 3248. 1957; H. Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. Bot. Gesell. 66: 87— 
88. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 133, 13h, 136~—138, 140, 146-18, 156, 
161, 208, 288, 289, 292, & 479—-1180 . 19593 Razi, Rec. Bot. Surv. 
India 18: 19. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 15 & 16. 1962. 

The binomial, E. limosum Engl. & Ruhl., is a cheironymous des- 
ignation placed at Ruhland on the specimen of Barter 1021 from 
Nupe, Nigeria, in the Berlin herbarium, while the same workers 
apparently regarded Schweinfurth 22), from "am Biri, Dar-Fertit, 
Gasalquellen-gebiet", in the same herbarium, as the type of 
their E. schweinfurthii. 

Hess (1957) claims that E. bifistulosum should be reduced to 
synonymy under the earlier E. melanocephalum Kunth of the New 
World, affirming that the differences which I list as differenti- 
ating the two taxa do not hold up. He records the taxon from 
Angola. Griffith (188) records it from Assam. Recent collectors 
have found it at altitudes of 1000—1830 meters. Milne-Redhead 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 395 


& Taylor describe it as a "plant varying in height and size de- 
pending on age and depth of water; leaves very delicate, entirely 
submerged; heads blackish", growing in water 8—50 cm. deep in 
the open, rooting in crevices of laterite, flowering in April. 

Chevalier (1911) cites his no. 302. Material has been mis- 
identified and distributed in herbaria as E. heudelotii N. E. Br. 
and E. melanocephalum Kunth. 

Additional citations: MALI: Collector undetermined s.n. [26. 
II.45] (An). CHAD: Schweinfurth 2176 (B, S). SENEGAL: J. G. 
Adam 174h2 (Z)3 Couey 1 (Z); Raynal & Raynal 6816 (Z). REPUBLIC 
OF GUINEA: Boismare are 118 [Herb. Chillou 3938] (An); Chillou 1737 
(An); Schuell 11 2 (An). NIGERIA: Northern: C. Barter ter 1021 TUES 
isotype, , S—isotype, Ut—32--isotype). TANGANYIKA: Milne- 
Redhead & Taylor 9929 (B, S). ANGOLA: Huila: H. Hess 52 ; 52/1678 
(B). P PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA: Gazaland: Schweinfurth 22h (B). 
MADAGASCAR: Loher s.n. [Tananarivo, II.1911] (Mu--395)._ 


ERIOCAULON BILOBATUM Morong 

Additional & emended bibliography: H. B. Davis, Life & Works 
Pringle 9) & 11. 1936; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
h, 32, & 36. 1946; Moldenke Bulle Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 130. 
1957; Moldenke, Résumé 35, {1, 289, & 80. 1959; Moldenke, Résu- 
mé Suppl. 7: 3. 1963; Langman, Select. Guide Lit. Flow. Pl. Mex. 
911. 196). 

Recent collectors have found this plant growing on slopes by 
streams in meadows in pinewoods, at altitudes of 2300—2l,00 
meters, flowering in September. Ruhland, on a label of the type 
collection in the Berlin herbarium, states that he feels that 
this is the "BZ. sexangulare Auct." and that the taxon is probab- 
ly conspecific © with E. cinereum R. Br. (which he called E. sie- 
boldtianum Sieb. & zucc.). The two taxa are certainly very - gim- 
ilar. Pringle 616 is a mixture with E. schiedeanum Ktrn. 

Additional citations: MEXICO: Durango: Moore & Bunting 8690 
(Z). Jalisco: Barnes & Land 159 (S); R. McVaugh 17578 (Mi); 
Pringle 3855 (B--isotype, B--isotype, Ca--215--isotype, Ms—— 
15)65--isotype, S—isotype), 6146, in part (Ca~115172), 6299 
(B, Ca—-115173, Ms—156h, S Vays GUATEMALA: Jutiapa: datke. 
Steyermark 30405 (W--2022037) . ane 


ERIOCAULON BLUMEI Ktrn. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
27 & 32. 1946; Moldenke, Résumé 190 & 80. 1959; Moldenke, Résu- 
mé Suppl. 1: 13. 1959. 

Backer found this plant growing at 1725 meters altitude, flow- 
ering in October. Koorders is of the opinion that E. blumei is 
conspecific with and should be regarded as a synonym of 5. E. 
brownianum Mart. and he so identified Pulle 3079. 

Additional citations: INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISIANDS: Cele- 
bes: Eyma 009 (Ut--11516b), 4,009 bis (Ut—--11515b) . 


ICONOGRAPHIA CYPERACEARUM  II* 


Tetsuo Koyama 


The New York Botanical Garden 


As the second part of this series of illustrations the pre- 
sent paper presents ten species, which are: Carex doenitzii, C. 


curvicollis, C. mitrata, C. Breviscapa, C. jackiana (ssp.), C. 
brownii, C. olivacea (ssp.), C. idzuroei, C. michauxiana (ssp.), 
and Scirpus juncoides (ssp.). The selection of these species 
was made from the species that are endemic to the Japanese flo- 
ristic region, or from those of which the main area of distri- 


bution lies in that particular floristic region. 


It has been known among the cyperologists that the genus 
Carex shows its highest endemism in the Japanese floristic re- 
gion. In 1962 I made a revision of Japanese Carices. In my 
revision of Japanese Carices (1962)** an emphasis was made on 
the taxonomic relationships of Japanese species with those of 
other floristic regions to elucidate the actual endemism of 
Japanese Carices. The following table reflecting the high en- 
demism of Carex in the Far East was based on 422 species that I 
recognized to be valid in my above-mentioned study. The Japa- 
nese floristic region as regarded here includes the Japanese 
Archipelago from Kuriles to northern Ryukyus, Korea and the 
montane region of Formosa. 


I would like to express my appreciation to Miss Josephine 
H. Ueno, who so ably typed my sometimes difficult manuscript in 
the form that suits the off-set printing. 


* Patio te buy tolopia V5" 105) 2201-224 Spilis.e = LOLP L967. ; 


** Koyama, T. Classification of the Family Cyperaceae (2). 
Journ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, III, 8(4): 149-278. 1962. 


396 


1968 


Koyama, Iconographia Cyperacearum 397 


Table 1. Geographical distribution of Carex occurring 
in the Japanese floristic region. 


Species endemic to the Japanese floristic region..... DIRS 
Far Eastern species: 


2a. Species extending to eastern 
Siberia arid eMAaTGMUrataly eo) spe tetelclc ae elects leleter-i- ta -- 16.3% 


2b. Species extending to Central China. ........... 4.9% 
Discontinuous species: 
3a. Species also occurring in Indian 

Himalayas, Southern China and 

occasionally as well as in Malaysia. ......--.-. 5.0% 


3b. Species also occurring in North America. ...... 3.7% 


3c. Species also occurring in Australia 
and adjacent Malaysian Archipelago. ..........-. 0.8% 


Wide species: 


4a. Circum-polar and circum-boreal species. ....... 6.5% 
Bie MEUrastaneSPCCVeS © © Vepe pet. = eta ele tafe! stn el coleetere: seater 2.9% 
fe) 'Cosmopolatanspectess Vac! \.-- ~ teete tose = 0.6% 


Plate 11. CAREX DOENITZII BUckeler 


Carex doenitzii BUckeler, Flora 65: 61. 1882. 


Synonymy. Carex plocamostyla Maximowicz, Mél. Biol. 
123565 wSs7z 


Carex dicuspis Franchet, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 8°sér. 
TAZ IUSOS. 


Carex chrysolepis Franchet & Savatier var. modesta Lévei- 
Ile & Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Intern. Géogr. Bot. 10: 
27924901 


Carex dicraea C. B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 8: 71. 
1907. 


Vol. 17, no.5 


o's 
Tate 


rt 4 Co ae 


2 ta tees rete : 


PHYTOLOGIA 


398 


Carex doenitzii Bockeler 


Plate ll. 


1968 Koyama, Iconographia Cyperacearum 399 


Carex nagatadakensis Masamune, Fl. Geobot. Stud. Yaku- 
shima, 526. 19354) 


Carex doenitzii Bockeler var. mollis Akiyama, Journ. 
Japa Bot. "13: "648 1957" 


Tufted in clumps; rhizome short, erect or erect-ascending, 
divided; roots densely yellow-hairy. Leaves radical, narrowly 
linear, shorter than to slightly longer than culms, linear, 3-5 
mm wide, flat, rather soft, lightly green above, densely papillo- 
se and white-powdery beneath, gradually acute at apex; sheaths 
dorsally reddish- or purplish-brown, ventrally yellow-brown, the 
basal sheaths short-bladed or cataphylloid; ligule auriculate, 
membranous. Culms slender, 10-60 cm tall, ca. 1 mm thick, 3- 
sided, scaberulous, erect or slightly curved above. Spikes 2 to 
4; upper 1 or 2 staminate, clavate, 0.7-2 cm long, 3-6 mm thick, 
deeply purple-brown; other spikes pistillate or rarely androgy- 
nous, obovate to elliptic, 1-3 cm long, 5-7 mm thick, densely 
many-flowered, cernuous or filiform peduncle, the lowest one of- 
ten spaced and long-peduncled, the upper ones somewhat approxi- 
mate and short-peduncled. Lower 1 or 2 bracts leaf-like equal- 
ling or slightly exceeding the inflorescence, not sheathing at 
base. Pistillate glumes lanceolate or ovate-lancecolate, 6-10 mm 
long, deeply purplish-fuscous, deeply red-purple or rarely gre- 
enish, gradually tapering above to an acute aristate apex; the 
awn scabird 0.1-0.2 mm long, the costa green, 3-veined. Perigy- 
nia slightly shorter than glume, erect, lanceoblong or ovate-ob- 
long, 4-6 (-10) mm long, unequally biconvex, membranous, lightly 
ferrugineous-green to yellowish-green, densely dotted with red- 
dish purple, sparsely hispidulous on both sides, minutely serru- 
late on both margins, contracted at short-stipitate base, gradu- 
ally tapering above to a long flattish beak, the orifice deeply 
bifurcate, the teeth shortly awn-shaped, serrulate. Achenes 
rather tightly enveloped, obovate-elliptic, biconvex, 2-2.2 mm 
long, contracted at both ends; style elongated, long-exserted 
beyond the orifice of perigynia; stigmas 2, filiform, up to 6 mm 
long, persistent. 


Voucher specimen: Japan, Mt. Fuji, U. Faurie 15570 (KYO). 


Wet open grassland or on rocks in subalpine regions. Dis- 
tribution Endemic to Japan; from Hokkaido southwards to central 
Japan and southwestwards to Toyama Prefecture of Japan Sea side 
of the Mainland. 


Plate 11. A. Total plant; B. Staminate spike; C. Staminate 
glume; D. Pistillate spike; E. Perigynium at anthisis; F. Stami- 
nate glume; G. Perigynium; H. Basal part of perigynium; I. Por- 
tion of the margin of perigynium; J. Tooth of the orifice of 
perigynium; K. Achene with style-base. 


4,00 


PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 5 


Plate 12. Carex curvicollis Franchet §& Savatier 


1968 Koyama, Iconographia Cyperacearum 01 
Plate 12. CAREX CURVICOLLIS Franchet § Savatier 
Carex curvicollis Franchet §& Savatier, Enum. Pl. Japon. 2: 579. 
US7Se 


Synonymy. Carex viridula Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. 
Japon. 2: 2: 151 & 579. 1879. Not of Michaux, 1803. 


Carex Savatieri Franchet, Nouv. Archiv. Muséum 3© sér. 
NOS Taso Ss 


Densely tufted in large clumps; rhizome short, branching, 
stoloniferous; stolons slender, covered with reddish-brown sca- 
les, the inter-nodes 0.5-0.8 cm long; roots densely yellow-pube- 
scent. Leaves many, narrowly linear, 2-4 mm wide, equalling or 
somewhat shorter than culms, flattish, soft, lightly green; she- 
aths pale-brown to reddish-fuscrous, the basal ones short-bladed 
to cataphylloid, eventually split into soft brown fibers. Culms 
slender, acutely 3-angled, 10-35 cm long, soft, smoothish, in- 
clined to nodding. Spikes 3-6 (-8), all approximate to subfasti- 
giate; terminal spike staminate, clavate, 0.8-2.5 cm long, 1.5-3 
mm thick, purplish-fuscous, erect on a short peduncle or nearly 
sessile; lateral spikes pistillate, oblong to cylindrical, 1.5- 
4 cm long, 5-8 mm thick, densely many-flowered, the upper 3 or 4 
subsessile or short-peduncled, the lower ones on a capillary 
elongated peduncle, the lowest spike sometimes with 1 or 2 addi- 
tional spikes at the base of the body of the spike through bran- 
ching. The lower 1 or 2 bracts leaf-like, equalling to slightly 
longer than inflorescence, the upper bracts glumaceous or seta- 
ceous, none seathing at base. Pistillate glumes ovate, 1.5-2.25 
mm long, deeply purplish-fuscous to pale-ferrugineous, contract- 
ed to obtusish or mucronulate apex, the costa green, obscurely 
3-nerved. Perigynia much exceeding glumes, erect to erect- 
patent, lanceolate, 4-5 mm long, compressed trigonous, thinly 
membranous, pale-green, weakly and densely many-veined, smooth, 
glabrous, suddenly contracted at obtuse short-stipitate base, 
gradually tapering above to a long terete often slightly recur- 
ved beak, the orifice truncate or somewhat emarginate. Achenes 
loosely enveloped, elliptic-obovate, compressed-trigonous, 1.5- 
1.7 mm long, contracted at both ends; style elongated, slender, 
subpersistent, not thickened at base; stigmas 3, 2.5 mm long, 
recurved. 


Voucher specimen: Japan, Mainland, base of Mt. Bukosan in 
Saitama Prefecture, ca. 850 m alt., T. Koyama 6,703 (NY). 


Plate 12. A. Total plant; B. Prophyll at the base of pedun- 
cle; C. Staminate glume and its triandrous flower; D. Apex of 
anther showing the connective; E. Perigynium at anthesis; F. G. 
Pistillate glumes; H. Dorsal view of perigynium; I. Orifice of 
perigynium; J. Fruiting pistil showing mature achene. 


02 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, noe 5 


Plate 13. Carex mitrata Franchet 


1968 Koyama, Iconographia Cyperacearum 03 


Plate 13. CAREX MITRATA Franchet 


Carex mitrata Franchet, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 8° sér. 7: 
88. 1895. 


Tufted in large clumps with divided slender ascending rhi- 
zome. Leaves rather many, slenderly linear, stiffish, 1.5-2 mm 
wide, grass-green, folded, longer than culms, gradually attenu- 
ate to acute tip; sheaths yellow-brown or brown, eventually 
weakly split into brown parallel fibers. Culms many, slender 
but stiffish, 6-30 cm tall, obtusely trigonous, nearly smooth, 
glabrous. Spikes 3-5, the upper 3 or 4 approximate to contigu- 
ous at culm apex, the lowest one often basal; terminal spike 
staminate, linear, 5-15 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, whitish-brown- 
ish, short-peduncled to nearly sessile, slightly exceeding the 
next pistillate spike; lateral spikes pistillate, densely many- 
flowered, narrowly cylindrical to oblong, 0.5-1.5 mm long, 2- 
2.2 mm thick, green, erect, nearly sessile or on a short pedun- 
cle enclosed in bract sheath. Bracts short, setaceous or spa- 
thaceous, much shorter than the subtending spike, the base 
hardly or short-(+0.5 mm)-sheathing. Staminate glumes oblong, 
whitish-brownish, the margins broadly white-hyaline. Pistill- 
ate glumes oblong to oblong-obovate, 1.25-1.5 mm long, ca. 2/3 
mm wide, membranous, pale, truncate at hyaline apex, the keel 
green, l-nerved, projecting beyond the glume apex into a short 
upright mucro. Perigynia nearly erect, slightly longer than 
glume, fusiform-obovate to fusiform, 2-3 mm long, ca. 1-75 mm 
wide, 3-sided, membranous, lightly green, weakly many-veined, 
sparsely pubescent, the base gradually attenuate, the apex con- 
tracted to a short conical occasionally slightly incurved beck, 
the orifice minute, nearly entire. Achenes tightly enveloped, 
elliptic, triquetrous, 1.5 mm long, the sides shallowly concave 
below, the beck discoid-annulate, 0.25 mm wide; style thickened 
ab Gases Stipes 3, ishorte. Slhendex. 


Voucher specimen: Japan, Mainland, Urawa in Saitama Prefec- 
ture, T. Koyama 6881 (NY). 


Grassy hillsides somewhat sheltered by loose woods. Dis- 
tribution. Endemic to Japan, central and western Mainland, Shi- 
koku, Kyushu and southern Korea. 


Plate 13. A. Total plant; B. Staminate spike; C. Stami- 
nate glume; D. Pistillate spike; E. Pistillate glume; F. Peri- 
gynia; G. Achene. 


Vol. 17, noe» 5 


PHYTOLOGIA 


oly 


breviscapa GS B.Glanke 


Plate 14. Carex 


1968 Koyama, Iconographia Cyperacearum os 
Plate 14. CAREX BREVISCAPA C. B. Clarke 


Carex breviscapa C. B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 736. 1894. 


Synonymy. Carex jackiana Boott var. breviculmis Thwai- 
tes §& Hook. f., Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 356. 1884. 


Carex curtisii Ridley, Mater. Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 117. 
1907. 


Carex obtuso-bracteata Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 6: 131. 


1916. Nomen nudum. | 


Carex lutchuensis Ohwi, Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. B, 
S22 JOR 40F 


Densely tufted from short erect rhizome clothed with dark 
brown parallel fibers; roots rather stout. Leaves many, crowd- 
ed, all radical, linear, elongated, 4-7 mm wide, 25-60 (-90) cm 
long, herbaceous, somewhat roughned above, 3-costate, flat-pli- 
cate, gradually tapering above to long acute apex, the base 
short-sheathing, dark purplish-brown on veins, eventually dis- 
integrating into dusky-brown fibers. Culms much shorter than 
the leaves and almost hidden in leaf tussocks, 10-20 (-30) cm 
tall, slender, obtusely 3-angled, ca. 1 mm thick, 3- to 6-nod- 
ed, bearing spikes from above the base. Spikes usually panicu- 
late through branching; terminal spike staminate, slenderly 1li- 
near, 1-2 cm long, 1 mm thick, pale-brownish, erect on a short 
peduncle, equalled or surpassed by the next lateral spike; late- 
ral spikes pistillate or with short staminate part at apex, nar- 
rowly cylindrical, erect to erect-patent, 1-3 cm long, 3-4 mm 
thick, loosely many-flowered, the upper spikes short-peduncled 
or nearly sessile, the lower ones on exserted peduncles. The 
lower 2 or 3 leaf-like bracts elongated, much exceeding the in- 
florescence, reaching 40 cm in length; upper bracts much re- 
duced, short-bladed or spathaceous, the sheathing base 1-2.5 cm 
long. Pistillate glumes elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong, 2-3 
mm long, 1-1.75 mm wide, membranous, pale- or whitish-brown, 
white on hyaline margins, obtuse or rounded at cilio-late apex, 
faintly several-nerved on both sides, the midvein greenish end- 
ing below the glume apex or projecting beyond the glume apex 
into a short straight mucro 1/2 to 1 mm long. Perigynia about 
twice as long as glumes, rhombic-lageniform, 3-sided, 3.75-5 mm 
long, broadest at about the middle, 1.25-1.5 mm wide, membra- 
nous, pale-green, glabrescent or sparsely puberulent on the up- 
per half, slenderly many-nerved, cuneate at short-stiped base, 
contracted above to a short conical beak 1/2 to 1 mm long, the 
orifice 2-toothed. Achens tightly enveloped, rhombic-fusiform, 
2.5-3 mm long, triquestrous, 1.25-1.5 mm wide, cuneate at base, 
gradually narrowed above the middle to transversely truncate 
apex with annulate margin ca. 1 mm in diameter; style short, 


PHYTOLOGIA 


1,06 


a) 
bad onl 
° i) 
o & 
5 
e| x 
| ¢ 
| 
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oS il 
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a 
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1968 Koyama, Iconographia Cyperacearum 07 
often with thickened base; stigmas 3. 


Voucher specimen: Formosa, Taipei-hsien, Shirin, Ohwi Hb. 
TNS 55,925 (TNS). 


Undergrowth of dense forest in the tropical high mountain 
zone and on hills in the subtropics. Distribution. From Cey- 
lon through Malaysia eastwards to northern Queensland of Austra- 
lia, and northeastwards to Annam, Formosa and the Ryukyu 
Islands. 


This species is recognizable at once by the slender short 
culms hidden in the well-elongated leaf blades as well as in 
the peculiar lageniform perigynia. 


Plate 14. A. Total plant; B. Pistillate glume; C. Dorsal 
view of perigynium; D. Lateral view of perigynium; E. Trans- 
verse section of perigynium at the level marked A - B in Fig. 
D; F. Dorsal view of achene; G. Annulate apex of achene. 


Plate 15. CAREX JACKIANA Boott subsp. PARCIFLORA Ktkenthal 


Carex jackiana Boott subsp. parciflora (Boott) Ktukenthal, 
Pflanzeru. 4(20), Cyper-Caric. 638. 1909. Incl. 
forma ochrolepis (Franchet) Ktikenthal. 


Synonymy. Carex parciflora Boott, Mem. Amer. Acad. 
NeS 6): FABER PS59E 


Carex ochrolepis Franchet, Nouv. Archiv. Muséum, Besser. 
TORS 48 r e2e, Ze 98: 


Carex jackiana Boott var. parciflora (Boott) Kukenthal 
ex Matsumura, Index Pl. Japon. 2(1): 115. 1905. 


Carex kamikochiana Nakai [Rep. Veg. Kamikochi 34 & 42. 
1928. Nomen nudum] ex Akiyama, Journ. Fac. Sci. 
Hokkaido Univ. 5, 2: 163. 1932. 


Carex parciflora Boott forma ochrolepis (Franchet ) 
Miyabe & Kudo, Fl. Hokkaido & Saghal. 2: 267. 1931. 


Loosely tufted; rhizome decumbent, short or slightly elon- 
gated, covered with brown fibers. Leaves basal and 1 or 2 up- 
per on the lower part of culms, linear or broadly linear, 5-10 
mm wide, shorter than culms, soft, 3-costate, flattish-plicate, 
whitish-green, sheaths pale-green or pale, elongated, ventrally 
thinly membranous, the ligule shortly produced, rounded, white- 
hyaline, the basal sheaths short-bladed, brownish to fuscous, 


08 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, now 5 


sep. 
macrozliosga 
at 


subsp. 
parciflora 


Distribution Range of Carex jackiana as a species 


1968 Koyama, Iconographia Cyperacearum 09 


eventually more or less split into soft brown fibers. Culms 
erect, acutely 3-angled, 50-80 cm tall, smooth, whitish-green. 
Spikes (3-) 4 or 5, the upper 2 or 3 approximate and nearly se- 
ssile or on short peduncle, the lower 2 or 1 much spaced and on 
long-exserted peduncle; terminal spike staminate, clavate, 1-1.7 
cm long, ca. 1.3 mm thick, pale or becoming stramineous later, 
nearly sessile and fastigiate with the next pistillate spike, or 
short-peduncled (forma ochrolepis KUkenthal); lateral spikes 
pistillate, elliptic to oblong, subdensely flowered or in the 
lower spikes loosely flowered toward the base of spike, 1.5-3 
cm long, 5-7 mm thick, whitish-green. Leaf-like bracts about 

3, slightly overtopping the inflorescence, the upper 1 or 2 
hardly or only shortly sheathing, the lower ones long-sheathing. 
Pistillate glumes ovate or broadly ovate, 3-4 mm long, 1.7-2 mm 
wide, membranous, pale or pale-green on both sides, the apex 
acute or obtusish, mucrovate or cuspidate, the costa obscurely 
3-nerved, green. Perigynia slightly longer than glume, ovoid 
or ovoid-ellipsoid, 4-5.5 mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm wide, 3-sided, 
membranous, whitish-green, finely many-veined, contracted at 
spongy-Stipitate base, tapering above to an erect or somewhat 
curved beak, the orifice obliquely truncate with white hyaline 
margin. Achenes tightly enveloped, obovate or broadly so, tri- 
quetrons 2.2 mm long, 1.7-2 mm wide, contracted at both ends; 
style slender elongated, not thickened at base; stigmas 3. 


Voucher specimen: Japan, Hokkaido, Hamatombetsu in Kitami 
Province, T. Koyama 11,080 (NY). 


Moderately wet grassy places mostly as the undergrowth of 
forest at the Fagus belt. Distribution. Saghalien, southern 
Kuriles, Hokkaido, Japan Mainland from North-eastern District 
and the Japan Sea side of Central District. 


Subspecies parciflora is the Far Eastern counterpart of 
Indo-Malasian Carex jackiana subsp. jackiana. It differs from 
the latter chiefly in its smaller perigynia and shorter pistil- 
late glumes. Subspecies parciflora tends to form looser tufts 
due to its decumbent rhizome. 


Plate 15. A. Total) plant; B. Portion of Leaf blade; GC. Li- 
gule; D. Portion of culm; E. Staminate glume; F, G. Two views of 
prophyll; H. Pistillate glume; I. Perigynium; J. Orifice of peri- 
gynium; K. Transverse section of perigynium; L. Achene. 


Plate 16. CAREX BROWNII Tuckerman 


Carex brownii Tuckerman, Enum. Meth. Caric. 21. 1843. 


Synonymy. Carex brownii Tuckerman var. viridis 


10 Pied BO OrGd A Vol. 17, no. 5 


Bockeler, Linnaea 41: 151. 1877. 


Carex nipposinica Ohwi, Act. Phytotax. Geobot. 11: 255. 
” eed c 


Loosely tufted from decumbent or short-creeping rhizome. 
Leaves rather loose, basal and subbasal, sometimes the upper 1 or 
2 on the lower part of culms, linear, shorter than or equalling 
culms, 3-5 mm wide, weakly folded, stiffly herbaceous, grass- 
green above, pale-green beneath, scabrid, gradually attenuate to 
acute apex, long-sheathing at base; sheaths ventrally white-mem- 
branous, dorsally greenish, the basal sheaths short-bladed and 
tinged with light brown, eventually spilit into brown or dark 
brown parallel fibers. Culms rigid, erect, acutely to obscurely 
trigonous, 27-80 cm tall, 1-1.75 mm thick, striate, smooth and 
l- or 2-noded toward the base, scaberulous above the middle. 
Spikes 3 or 4 (occasionally 5); terminal spike staminate, linear- 
cylindrical, erect on short peduncle, 1-3 cm long, ca. 2 mm thi- 
ck, pale green; lateral spikes pistillate, erect, two upper app- 
roximate or contiguous, the lowest spaced, cylindrical, 1.5-3 cm 
long, 5-6 mm thick, densely many-flowered, grass-green (but, oli- 
vaceous when dried), the uppermost one nearly sessile or on a 
very short peduncle, others on a peduncle increasingly exserted 
from bract-sheath downward. Bracts leaf-like, longer than sub- 
tending spike, usually slightly overtopping the inflorescence, 
shortly to longly sheathing. Pistillate glumes ovate or elli- 
ptic, 1-2 mm long excluding awn, 1-1.5 mm wide, thinly membra- 
nous, whitish, the green keel excurrent into a flat long scab- 
rous awn 0.5-4 mm long. Perigynia ellipsoid, ellipsoid-obovoid 
or subglobose, much inflated, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 1.5-2.25 mm wide, 
thickly membranous, distinctly many-veined, glabrous, patent 
when mature, green and olivaceous when dried, abruptly contra- 
cted at non-stipitate base, abruptly contracted at apex with a 
short subterete beak 0.5-1 mm long, the orifice hyaline, obli- 
quely truncate or 2-toothed. Achene loosely enveloped, obovate- 
elliptic or elliptic, 3-sided, 2.25-2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 
the faces somewhat concave, contracted at both ends, the apex 
with a short bent beak; style slightly thickened at base; stig- 
mas 3, short. 


Voucher specimen: Japan, Mainland, Boso Peninsula, Torami, 
T. Koyama 11,052 (NY). 


Sporadically occurring in wet grasslands. Distribution. 
Japan, New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand. 


Plate 16. A. Total plant; B. Portion of leaf blade showing 
the upper surface; C. Portion of leaf blade showing the lower 
surface; Ds Onificelof léat osheath; -E.ghowerspantyoft teulm; «Ps 
Upper part of culm; G. Staminate glume; H. Rhachilla of spike 
with a pistillate floral unit; I. Prophyll at the base of pedun- 
cle of spike; J. Dissected prophyll; K. Pistillate glume; L. 


Koyama, Iconographia Cyperacearum y11 


1968 


Carex brownii Tuckerman 


Plate 16. 


12 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, now 5 


—S x 


T KOYAMA, DEL. 


Plate 17. Carex olivacea Boott 


subsp. confertiflora T. Koyama 


1968 Koyama, Iconographia Cyperacearum 413 


Perigynium; M. Orifice of perigynium; N. Transverse section of 
perigynium; O. Achene. 


Plate 17. CAREX OLIVACEA Boott subsp. CONFERTIFLORA T. Koyama 
Carex olivacea Boott subsp. confertiflora (Boott) T. Koyama, 
Bot. Macs Tokyol 728507 9592 


Synonymy. Carex confertiflora Boott ex A. Gray, Mem. 
Amer. Acad. N.S. 6: 418 (= Bot. of Japan 418). 1859. 


Carex olivacea Boott var. angustior Kukenthal, Pflan- 
zenr. | 4\(20)) 5 Cyper-Cariie-y 61/8.) 11909). 


Rhizome robust, horizontally long-creeping, stoloniferous. 
Shoots solitary or few together at nodes or rhizome. Leaves 
basal and few (1 or 2) upper on culms, broadly linear, 8-15 mm 
wide, shorter than to exceeding the inflorescence, rather thick- 
ly herbaceous, soft, conduplicate with 3 conspicuous costas, 
grass-green above, white-powdery beneath, acute at apex, long- 
sheathing at base; basal sheaths short-bladed or cataphylloid, 
brown to rusty-brown, hardly or loosely split into brown fi- 
bers soprkesy 5) co) 7.) terminally one (Stammnatess Inmear, 5 —7 (cm 
long, ca. 2 mm thick, yellowish-brownish, erect on short pedun- 
cle; all lateral spikes pistillate or occasionally the upper- 
most lateral spike staminate or androgynous, the pistillate 
ones cylindrical, 2.5-7 cm long, 7-9 mm thick, densely many- 
flowered, green and becoming olivaceous when dried, erect on 
short rather stout peduncle. Bracts 4-6 leaf-like, 1 or 2 up- 
per setaceous, the leaf-like bracts erect-patent, exceeding in- 
florescence, short-sheathing at base. Pistiliate glumes oblong- 
elliptic, ca. 2.5 mm long, membranous, pale-white, spotted with 
brown, acute obtusish or sometimes shallowly emarginate at apex, 
the costa green, 3-nerved, excurrent beyond the glume apex into 
a straight scabrous awn 0.5-2 mm long. Perigynia broadly elli- 
ptic or obovate-elliptic, longer than subtending glume, 3.75-4 
mm long, patulous to spreading, rounded at non-stipitate base, 
herbeceous, pale- or cinereous-green and becoming dark olivace- 
ous when dry, many-veined, contracted to a short erect or re- 
curved beak 0.8-1 mm long, the orifice hyaline, obliquely trun- 
cate with minute teeth. Achenes loosely enveloped, broadly 
obovate or broadly elliptic, 2 mm long, trigonous, short-beaked 
at apex; style thickish, hardly enlarged at base; stigmas 3. 


Voucher specimen: Japan, Mainland, along Katashina River 
ca. 8 km south of Lake Ozenuma in Gumma Prefecture, 1,000 m 
alt., T. Koyama, s.n., 3 Aug. 1949 (NY). 


yl 


T Koyama, de, 


PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 5 


Plate 18. 


Carex idzuroei Franchet §& Savatier 


1968 Koyama, Iconographia Cyperacearum 415 


Forming large colonies in shallow water of lake margins or 
narrow rivers. Distribution. Endemic to Japan (Hokkaido and 
the mainland). As a species Carex olivacea is distributed in 
the Indian Himalayas, Java, Lower Yanzgtze River Valley of Cen- 
tral China, and Japan. 


Subspecies confertiflora is the Japanese counterpart of 
Carex olivacea subsp. olivacea of Indian Himalayas and Java. 
The taxonomic differentiation and phytogeographical relation- 
ships between the two subspecies were fully discussed in my pre- 
vious publication (T. Koyama, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 72: 298-308. 
LOS9)) 


Plate 17. A. Total plant; B, C. Two views of prophyll at 
the base of peduncle; D. Staminate glume; E. Pistillate glume; 
F, G. Dorsal and lateral views of perigynium; H. Orifice of 
perigynium; I. Achene; J. Achene further enlargement of achene. 


Plate 18. CAREX IDZUROEI Franchet §& Savatier 


Carex idzuroei Franchet §& Savatier, Enum. Pl. Japon. 2: 155 & 
SS) 5 1ei7/e) - 


Synonymy. Carex pseudo-vesicaria Léveillé § Vaniot, 


Bull. Acad. Intern. Géogr. Bot. 11: 180. 1902. 


[Carex multinervia Kukenthal ex C. B. Clarke, Journ. . 
Linn. Soc. 36: 298. 1904. Invalid name in synonyny .] 


Subloosely tufted in small clumps; rhizome stoloniferous; 
stolons slender, ca. 1.5 mm thick, clothed with lightly brown 
scales. Leaves basal and subbasal, 1 or 2 upper on the culm, 
linear, flattish, 3-9 mm wide, usually shorter than culms, soft 
but somewhat thickish, lightly green, obscurely septate-nodu- 
lose, gradually acute at apex, long-sheathing at base; basal 
sheaths bladed, pale-brownish tinged with red-brown, not conspi- 
cuously disintegrating into fibers. Culms 20-60 cm tall, trigo- 
nous, smoothish. Spikes 3-5; terminal spike staminate, occa- 
sionally with a short sessile additional staminate spike immedi- 
ately below the body of spike, linear, 2-5 cm long, 1.5-2 mm 
thick, pale-greenish, erect on long peduncle; lateral spikes 
pistillate or the upper ones with a short staminate portion at 
apex, ellipsoid or oblong, 1.5-4 cm long, 7-10 mm thick, sub- 
densely many-flowered, lightly green and becoming olivaceous 
when dry, erect-patent, nearly sessile, or the lowest one on a 
short or slightly exserted peduncle. Bracts 2-4, leaf-like, the 
lowest equalling or slightly overtopping the inflorescence, hard- 
ly to short-sheathing at base, the upper ones shorter than the 
inflorescence, non-sheathing at base. Pistillate glumes ovate 


Vol. 17, now 5 


PHYTOLOGIA 


16 


x 

y 
: 
> 
x 

kK 


Carex michauxiana Bockeler 


Plate 19. 


asiatica Hultén 


subsp. 


1968 Koyama, Iconographia Cyperacearum 417 


or deltoid ovate, 4.5-5.25 mm long, membranous, pale or tinged 
with straw-colored on both sides, narrowed from above the base 
to briefly acutish muticous apex, the costa broadly green, in- 
distinctly 3-nerved. Perigynia about twice as long as the sub- 
tending glume, ovate-elliptic, 10-12 mm long, erect-patent, 
subcoriaceous, strongly swollen, finely many-veined, glabrous, 
abruptly rounded-contracted at short-stipitate base, tapering 
above to a long slender hisdulous beak, the orifice white-mem- 
branous, 2-toothed, the teeth acute. Achenes loosely enveloped, 
rhombic-elliptic, 2.75-3 mm long, acutely triquetrous; style 
rigid, persistent, not thickened at base; stigmas 3. 


Voucher specimen: Japan, Mainland, Tajimagahara Swamp 
along Arakawa River in Saitama Prefecture, ca. 50 malt., T. 
Koyama, s.n., 27 May, 1951 (NY). 


Sporadically occurring in lowland swamps. Distribution. 
Japan (the Mainland, Shikoku, Kyushu) and China (Yangtze River 
Valley). 


Plate 18. A. Total plant; B. Staminate glume; C. Perigy- 
nium; D. Achene. 


Plate 19. CAREX MICHAUXIANA Bockeler subsp. ASIATICA Hultén 


Carex michauxiana Bockeler subsp. aSiatica Hultén, Fl. Kamtsch. 
He 2O Tags 2 7: 


Synonymy. Carex michauxiana Bockeler forma asiatica 
(Hulten) Akiyama, Journ. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. 


Gon 2 220 AdOS2. 


Carex dolichocarpa C. A. Meyer ex V. Krecz., Fl. URSS. 
Sz A58NG 1625.5 919352 


Carex michauxiana Béckeler var. asiatica (Hultén) Ohwi, 
Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. B, 11: 491. 1936. 


Carex michauxiana of many authors not of Bockeler. 


Subloosely tufted in small or large clumps; rhizome stout, 
obliquely ascending, divided, clothed with grayish-brown fibers. 
Leaves few to a culm, 1 or 2 basal and 1 to 3 upper on culms, 
all spaced, linear, 3-5 mm wide, 8-25 cm long, stiffish, thin, 
lightly green, 3-costate, weakly folded, acute at apex, the 
sheathing base 2-6 cm long, pale; basal sheaths cataphylloid or 
short-bladed, brown, eventually disintegrating into parallel 
fibers. Culms slender, 20-50 cm tall, 0.8-1 mm thick, obtusely 
trigonous, smoothish or scaberulous below inflorescence. Spikes 


418 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 5 


3-5, the uppermost 2 approximate, remainder spaced; terminal 
spike staminate, linear, 0.7-1.5 cm long, 1-1.2 mm thick, pale- 
green, erect on very short peduncle, slightly exceeding or sur- 
passed by the pistillate spike immediate below it; lateral spi- 
kes pistillate, subglobose at maturity with spreading perigynia, 
1-1.7 cm long and as wide, subloosely flowered, yellowish-green, 
the upper ones on short inclosed peduncle, the lowest on a long 
exserted peduncle. Bracts 2 or 3 leaf-like, shorter than to 
slightly overtopping inflorescence, short- or in the lowest 
long-sheathing at base. Pistillate glumes ovate or broadly 
ovate, 4-5 mm long, pale-green or lightly yellow-brown , acutish 
or obtusish at apex, the costa broadly green, sub-5-nerved, end- 
ing below the hyaline apex of glume. Perigynia spreading or 
divergent at maturity, lanceolate or lance-oblong, 9-13 mm long, 
obtusely trigonous, coriaceous, yellowish green, finely many- 
veined, glabrous, suddenly contracted at slightly spongy base, 
gradually attenuate above to a long erect beak, smoothish or 
hispidulous on upper margins, the orifice distinctly bi-lobed 
with erect rigid teeth. Achenes rather tightly inclosed, obo- 
vate, trigonous, 2.3-2.5 mm long, contracted at both ends; 

style elongated, rigid, slightly thickened at base forming a 
mucro at achene apex; stigmas 3, ca. 3 mm long. 


Voucher specimen: Japan, Mainland, Ozegahara Moor in Nikko 
National Park, 1,600 m alt., T. Koyama, s.n., July 21, 1950 (NY). 


Wet peaty sedge swamp or in the Sphagnum moor at upper tem- 
perate zone. Distribution. From the Mainland of Japan (the 
Japan Sea Side of Central District, upper Kwanto District and 
Northeast District), Hokkaido, northward to Saghalien, and nor- 
theastwards to Kuriles and Kamtschatka. 


Carex michauxiana, as a species, shows the distribution of 
American-Japanese floristic link. Since subspecies michauxiana 
occurs in eastern North America, Aleutian Islands, Alaska and 
western Canada are the interferent regions between the two dis- 
junct areas. Morphologically Asiatic subsp. asiatica differs 
from subsp. michauxiana by more robust habit, larger perigynia 
and relatively shorter bracts. In subsp. asiatica the pistil- 
late glumes are about 2/5 the length of the subtending perigy- 
nium, while in subsp. michauxiana they are less than 1/3 the 
length of the perigynia. 


Plate 19. A. Total plant; B. Staminate glume; C. Two 
views of prophyll at the base of peduncle of spike; D. Pistil- 
late glume; E. Perigynium; F. Transverse section of perigynium; 
G. Achene with persistent style. 


1968 Koyama, Iconographia Cyperacearum 419 


Plate 20. SCIRPUS JUNCOIDES Roxb. subsp. HOTARUI T. Koyama 


Scirpus juncoides Roxburgh subsp. hotarui (Ohwi) T. Koyama, 
stat. nov. 


Basionym. Scirpus hotarui Ohwi, Repert. Sp. Nov., 
Fedde, 36: 44. 1934. 


Synonymy. Scirpus juncoides Roxburgh var. hotarui (Ohwi) 
Ohwi, Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. B, 18: 114. 1944. 


Scirpus erectus of many authors, not of Poiret. 


Annual, tufted in dense clump without distinct rhizome; 
roots fibrous, soft, light brownish. Culms erect, slender to 
very slender, 13-40 cm tall, O.7-1 mm thick, deeply green, 
quite smooth, terete or very finely striate when dry, clothed 
at base with 2 or 3 bladeless sheaths. Sheaths the longest up 
to 6 cm long, the shorter 5 to 20 mm long, pale-green, ventral- 
ly white-membranous, the orifice obliquely truncate, acute, 
sometimes with a sublate elongation of green dorsal portion up 
to 1 mm long; basal sheaths cataphylloid or scale-like, brown- 
ish. Inflorescence of 1 to 3 sessile spikelets in pseudo-late- 
ral head. Lowest involucral bract upright, continuing to the 
culm, culm-like, 3-7 cm long, terete, 1-furrowed ventrally, 
acutish at apex, the base dilated with membranous margins. Se- 
cond and third bracts when exist broadly oval, membranous, the 
midrib excurrent into a subulate projection 0.2-5 mm long. Spi- 
kelets ovoid to ovoid-globose, terete, 6-14 mm long, 4-6 mm 
across, acutish to rather rounded at apex, greenish and straw- 
colored later. Glumes broadly ovate to oval, or almost orbicu- 
lar, boat-shaped, 2.8-4.5 mm long, 3-4.8 mm wide, membranous to 
papyraceous, pale and densely brown-lineolate on both sides, the 
costa broadly green, 3-nerved above, forming a minute mucro at 
rounded or shallowly emarginate apex of glume. Achenes broadly 
obovate, slightly adpressed-triquetrous with flat or shallowly 
concave sides, (1.8-) 2-2.5 mm long, 1.7-2 mm wide, contracted 
at base, rounded to mucronate apex, the sides punctate and dis- 
tinctly transversely wrinkled, blackish-brown when mature. 
Hypogynous bristles 6, needle-like, lightly yellowish-brown, 
retrorsely scabrous, the longer (2 or 3) slightly longer than 
achene, remainder 2/3 to 3/4 the length of achene; style cadu- 
cous, slightly thickened above the middle, glabrous; stigmas 
3-cleft, recurved. Anthers 1 mm long, the connective oblong. 


Voucher specimen: Japan, Mainland, Boso Peninsula, swamp 
near Yatsumi, sea level, T. Koyama 5,000 (NY). 


Wet places of varying conditions such as rice fields, wet 
meadows, wet sand, from warm region to upper temperate zone. 
Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido to Kyushu), Korea, Manchuria, 


Vol. 17, no. 5 


PHYTOLOGIA 


420 


juncoides Roxburgh 


Plate 20. 


hotarui T. Koyama 


subsp. 


1968 Koyama, Iconographia Cyperacearum 21 
and the northern Ryukyu Islands. 


Plate 20. A. Total plant; B & C. Dorsal and ventral 
views of the upper part of sheath without notch; D §& E. ventral 
and lateral views of the upper part of sheath with a notch; F. 
Portion of culm; G. Basal part of lowest involucral bract; H. 
Second bract; I. Glume; J §& K. Dorsal and ventral views of 
mature achene with hypogynous bristles and withered filaments; 
L. Transverse section of achene; M. Hypogynous bristle; N. 
Stamen; O. Style and stigmas. 


BOOK REVIEWS 


Alma L, Moldenke 


"WILDFLOWERS OF CAPE COD" by Harold R. Hinds & Wilfred A. Hatha- 
way, xv & 172 pp., illus. Chatham Press, Chatham, Massachu- 
setts 02633. 1968. $2.95 paper, $5.95 cloth. 


Here is a delightful book produced in cooperation with the Cape 
Cod National Seashore for the Cape (or any New England coastal 
plain spot) vacationer who is attracted to the wild life of the 
area. It presents over 200 flowering plants in excellent color 
photographs or fair line drawings by the authors, in well worded 
descriptions, and in well explained habitat keys for the follow- 
ing areas: woodlands, disturbed areas, heaths, dunes, seashores, 
salt marshes, ponds, bogs, fresh marshes, meadows, and swamps al- 
lowing for intergradations and overlappings,. 

Over 600 plants have been identified from Cape Cod with many of 
them found only rarely and in isolated spots. The third of them 
treated in this book are the common ubiquitous ones. 


"THE NATURAL GARDENS OF NORTH CAROLINA" with Keys and Descriptions 
of the Herbaceous Wild Flowers Found Therein by B. W. Wells, 
xix & 458 pp., illus., University of North Carolina Press, 
Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 1967. $7.75. 


How fortunate that this book originally published in 1932 is 
available again, especially for the author's excellent descrip-— 
tions of the various ecological areas of the state. Reading this 
new edition recalled for this reviewer a wonderful series of 
field trips led by the author through a few of these areas almost 
three decades ago. 

These natural gardens include: the windy and salt-strayed 
dunes, the marine live oak forest, the salt marshes, the inland 
fresh water marshes, the swamp forest, the aquatic vegetation, the 
Warm evergreen shrub bogs, the savannahs or grass-sedge bogs, the 
wire-grass sandhills, the old fields with natives and adventives 
competing and mingling, the upland forest with its shade gardens, 
and the boreal forests of the high mountains serving as the south- 
ern limit to the Canadian flora. For each of these areas there 
are simple keys often by flower color and easily understood de- 
scriptions of the herbaceous wild flowers. 

Unfortunately many of the 22) photographs are too dark and too 
indistinct when contrasted with modern book illustrations. 

An addendum at the beginning of the book offers the only 
changes. It explains that salt spray rather than wind is the main 
source of damage to the seaside community; it shows the origin of 
the high mountain grass balds as expanded trails of the early hun- 
ter Indians; and reports the sad fate of the now doomed Big Savan- 
nah near Burgaw where over half of its acreage is now an expansive 

422 


1968 Moldenke, Book reviews 423 


and productive corn field despite the author's (and others') urging 
that it be kept as a natural area since it "was probably the most 
beautiful wild flower garden in the eastern United States." 

This book is dedicated to the members of the Garden Club of 
North Carolina that helped sponsor the earlier edition as well as 
this one. What a really worthwhile service for this group to 
perform! 


"HUMBOLDT, BONPLAND, KUNTH and TROPICAL AMERICAN BOTANY", a 
miscellany on the "Nova Genera et Species Plantarum" by Wil- 
liam T. Stearn, 159 pp. and map, Verlag von J. Cramer, Lehre, 
Germany, paper. 1968. 


Dr. Stearn has performed a valuable service to the field of 
botany by editing this volume, by authoring seven of its articles, 
and by compiling the collective index and map of the Humboldt and 
Bonpland localities in Mexico, Venezuela, Cuba, Colombia, Ecuador 
and Peru. The writers of the other articles, often previously 
published elsewhere, are Barnhart, McVaugh, Beck, Sandwith, 
Sprague and Sarton. 

For a brief but not superficial introduction to, an apprecia- 
tion of, a review about the personages, trips, collections and 
publications of the famous H.B.K., and a direction to some of the 
major bibliographic sources of information (which in turn lead to 
much more through their references) this work is uniquely excel- 
lent. 


"A FIELD GUIDE TO WILD FLOWERS" of Northeastern and North-central 
North America by Roger Tory Peterson and Margaret McKenny, 
xxviii & 20 pp., illus., Houghton, Mifflin Company, Boston, 
Massachusetts. 1968. $95. 


This is an excellent addition to the Peterson Field Guide 
Series directing access to identification through simple keys 
based on a visual approach by color, form and structure. Color 
tabs are marked on the corners of pertinent pages. All this is 
mainly the work of the second author. 

The black/white and color plates are very well done by the 
first author, placed immediately opposite the descriptive text, 
and marked with arrows pointing out diagnostic features. What 
could be easier for the interested amateur? 

The terminology is kept simple, well explained and illustrated 
by excellent diagrams. Older, classical scientific names are 
used. 

The book is priced very reasonably, especially in view of the 
many color plates, 


"THE BIOLOGY OF FUNGI" by C. T. Ingold, revised and expanded 
edition, 1h) pp., illus., Hillary House Publishers, Ltd., 
New York, N. Y. 10010. 1968. $2.75 paper. 


This book provides a simple presentation or review of these 


2h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 5 


organisms as phycomycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes or imper- 
fecti explaining clearly and interestingly their life histories, 
their effects upon the enviroment, their nutrition patterns, 
their habitat relations, the spore dispersal means, and their 
overwhelming role in plant pathology. Structure is always pre- 
sented in relation to function. 

The illustrations are usually plain line drawings that surely 
make understanding easier. Some of them are new for this edition 
as is the greater emphasis on ecology. 

This author's efforts will surely help to postpone the "sad 
day when students of fungi cease to marvel at the beauty of 
structure in moulds and toadstools, and cease to enquire into how 
they function as living mechanisms". 


"TAXONOMY" A Text and Reference Book by Richard E. Blackwelder, 
xiv & 698 pp., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London, Sydney & 
New York, N. Y. 10016. 1967. $19.95. 


It is interesting for the botanically trained to look over 
the zoologist's shoulder at his taxonomic concepts and problems 
as applied to his part of the world of living things, and espec- 
ially so when the zoologist is this very competent author. Even 
though this work is zoologically, even entomologically, and 
classically oriented it has much of value to offer to all ad- 
vanced students and practicing taxonomists. After defining and 
explaining the place and importance of taxonomy, the author de- 
scribes the practical use of it in classification, identifica- 
tion, curating and data recording and states that "It is the 
presence of this diversity and the presence of uniformity within 
each kind that makes classification necessary and possible. The 
rest of taxonomy is largely the prelude to, or mechanical opera- 
tion of, the classification system." The latter is then inter- 
preted in detail. Theoretical taxonomy is explained as a science. 
Zoological nomenclature with its international rules, taxa and 
names are presented. Crystallizing summaries are given at the 
end of the chapters. 

There is a fine, topically classified bibliography and a 
needed index. 

This is a most valuable book. 


a fk } E + 
4 fh ‘ Bi +f 
a4 
~~ PHYTOLOGIA © 
Designed to expedite botanical publication gaN 
Vol. 17 December, 1968 No. 6 


CONTENTS 
MOIR, W. W. G., Studies in the equitant oncidiums Il. . . . . . . 425 


MOIR, W. W. G., Studies in the equitant oncidiums III... . . . 429 
MOLDENKE, H.N., Two new species of pipewort. . .. .. . . 435 
faci, By L.,!|r.; Pinus bartweert in Honduras... 0s) .)2 . 0... 439 
KHUDAIRI, A. K., A possible new plant hormone . ...... . 441 
DWYER, J. D., Borojoa and Tocoyena (Rubiaceae) in Panama. . . 445 


MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. XV. . 450 


Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 


303 Parkside Road 
Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 
U.S:A. 


Price of this number, $1; per volume, $6.75 in advance, 
or $7 at close of volume i 


ae 
rs art 


STUDIES IN THE EQUITANT ONCIDIUMS II 


W. W. Go Moir + 


Introductory Notes 


This is a continuation of the work presented in 
Phytologia Vol. 15, No. 1, 2-12, June 1967. These 
notes are to describe two new species and insert the 
description of two varieties omitted from the first 
article. 


Oncidium variegatum, the type species, is a loose 
growing mass of plants on medium length rhizomes and 


with masses of aerial roots. It is not a strong 

grower and therefore falls all over itself. It has 

a wider distribution in the West Indies than any other 
species but is not found in Jamaica, the Bahamas or 
Florida. There are only six species of this type with 
long rhizomes - 0. bahamense, 0. scandens (which is 
described herein), 0. velutinum, 0. hawkesianum, 0. 
Sylvestre and 0. variegatum. The first three named are 
tetraploid with 84 chromosomes while the fourth (0. 
hawkesianum) has 133. 0. variegatum has 40 and the 


count for O. sylvestre Is not known. 


There was published in Cytologia Vol. 27, No. 3: 
306-313 Oct. 1962 the results of a study on the 
chromosome numbers of the Oncidium alliance. In this 
list there are many changes to be made in the names 
of the plants. The name 0. knescoffii was not a 
described species and is described as 0. scandens 
herein: O. sp. from Abaco = Q.lucayanum, Nash ex 
Britt., O. Moir = 0. bahamense, Nash ex Britt., 0. 
sylvestre Ldl. = 0. velutinum Ldl. and 0. leiboldii 
Reichb. f. fma album Hort. = O. Leiboldii Reich. f. 


var album Moir. 


0. sylvestre has horizontal rhizomes, grows in 
short grass in Cuba, and has very few, terete, erect 
leaves. It has a great similarity to 0. bahamense . 
However 0. bahamense has rhizomes groing straight upwards 
and 0. sylvestre grows horizontal. 


+Associate Editor, Na Pua Okika O Hawaii Nei, and 
Honorary Associate Editor, The Orchid Review, P. 0. 
Box 2298, Honolulu, Hawaii 96804. 


4,25 


426 PHYTOLOGIA Yol. 17, me. 6 


ONCIDIUM VARIEGATUM Sw. 


This species has a loose mass of growths on short 
rhizomes and many aerial roots. Several colors occur 
and in various habitats but all have the same crest. 
The following two varieties are worthy of validation 


botanically. 


ONCIDIUM VARIEGATUM Sw. var ROSEUM Moir, var. nov. 

Differt a form typica planta dimidia, foliis tenuis, 
erecta, habitu compactis. Floribus roseis, cristis 
labello flavis. 

Plant one-quarter as large as typical species, more 
compact, with short rhizomes. Inflorescence erect, 
short, few flowered, Leaves more erect and falcate 
than typical, flowers in addition to being of deep 
pink color have a fuller lip that makes up about 90% of the 
flower, Crest deep yellow and same as 0. variegatum. 

Hispaniola: Collected in south-eastern area near 
El Seibo. Flowering in cultivation in Honolulu for 15 
years. 


ONCIDIUM VARIEGATUM Sw. var. PURPUREUM Moir, var. nov. 

Differt a form typica planta bis majoribus, 
Floribas griseo purpureis, 

Plant grey green and more erect than type, with 
shorter rhizomes. Inflorescence long, of fewer flowers, 
Flowers large, greyish purple, with a mottled design 
on both front and back. Crest same as type. 

Virgin Isles: St. Thomas: Water Isle in shrubs 
and tall grass altitude about 25 feet, summer 1963; 
Walter Phillips, s.n., flowering in cultivation, 
Honolulu 1966, 


ONCIDIUM SCANDENS Moir, sp. nov. 
(Oncidium “kenscoffii" hort. } 


Pseudobulbi nulli. Rhizoma erecta 8 = 30 cm 
longa, planta flabelliforma, scandens, folia sessilis, 
falcata, 5 - 18 cm longa, 5 = 7 mm lata. Inflorescentia 
racemosa, ad 40 cm long, erecta. 

Pseudobulbs absent. Growth rampant, climbing, 
erect on long vertical rhizomes 8 cm to 30 cm long. 
Growth large, wide, flabelliform, with many aerial roots 
at base of leaves. Leaves sessile, green, 8 = 30 in 
number, very falcate, rigid, top surface lightly grooved, 
roughly denticulate margins, 5 - 18 cm long, 5 - 7 
mm broad, acute to apiculate. Inflorescence racemose, 
many flowered, rarely branching, scape up to 40 cm long, 
often shorter, rigid, erect; floral bracts linear, 
the tips often recurved, to 3 mm. long. Sepals obovate - 
oblong, subspatulate, apically truncate and apiculate, 
7 - 9mm long 3 mm broad, laterals connate into a 2 


1968 Moir, Equitant Oncidiums 427 


apiculate synsepal. Petals obovate, spatulate, retuse, 
apiculate to 8 mm long, apically 4 = 6 mm broad. Lobes 
broadly triangular, rounded ends, isthmus narrow, 
somewhat tubular to make lower lobes reflex on sides, 
margin of isthmus slightly denticulate, lower lobes 
broadly circular because of tubular isthmus, 1.2 - 1.6 
cm long, 1.3 = 1.5 cm broad when flattened out; crest 
with upper section horizontally linear, lower section 
of 3 parts turned upwards, center one longest, total 

5 parts. Column wings membranaceous, acute, semiovate 
marginally entire. Flowers light to dark rose color 
depending on media on which it is growing: on acid 
media very pale color, on alkaline media deep rose, 

Haiti: 6000 ft. elevation in pine forests and 
grass above and beyond Kenscoff. 

This species is found in many areas in Hispaniola 
in the upper elevations, never at low elevations. It 
has 84 chromosomes. Flowers similar to 0. variegatum but 
thinner in texture, with tubular isthmus and top of 
crest level - not like water buffalo horns as in 0. 
variegatum. wh 


ONCIDIUM CAYMANENSE Moir, sp. nov. 

Planta parvissima, caespitosa, pseudobulbi nulli. 
Folia flabelliforme, triangularis, oblonga, acuta, 
Margine denticulata, ad 3 cm longa, ad 8 mm lata. 
Inflorescentia gracilis, racemose; scapus ad 4 cm 
altus, spica pauciflor, flores rotundatis, bracteae 
mMinutae, triangulae, 2 mm longae, pedicelli cum ovarii 
circ, 1 cm longi. Sepalum dorsale oblanceolatum, 1 
em longa vix 2 mm lata; lateralia in synsepalum 
formantia. Petala e basi cuneata obovata, rotundata, 
brevi-apiculata, 1 cm longa vix 5 mm lata. lLabellum 
lobi lateralibus parvi, lobum medium reniforme, 1 cm 
longa vix 1.5 cm lata; isthmi nulli; cristae callis 5 
pars, superior 2 pars libratis, inferior 3 pars. 

Very small tufted plant without pseudobulbs. 
Leaves triangular, oblong, acute with toothed edges, 

3 cm long by 8 mm broad. Inflorescence thin, a raceme 

of 4 cm length with 2 = 4 small round flowers of pale 
pink color. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate, 1 cm long by 

2 mm wide; lateral sepals forming a synsepal. Petals 
obovate in a wedge shape, rounded and with small apicule, 
1 cm long by 5 mm broad. lLabellum 1 cm long by 1.5 cm 
broad, side lobes small, middle lobe reniform; essen- 
tially no isthmus; crest in two sections, upper parts 
horizontal, lower three parts in triangular arrangement, 
making a total of 5 parts. 

Cayman Islands: Grand Cayman, precise locality 
and original collector unknown. The plants were sent 
to Mr. Oris Russel in Nassau, Bahamas, who in turn 
gave them to the late Mr. Stanley Smith, of Nassau, who 
sent one speciman in flower to Hawaii, blooming during 


428 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 6 


May - June, 


The 0. variegatum var. roseum plants are so minute 
at times and without rhizomes that they could be mistaken 
for small seedlings or even 0. leiboldii., They flower 
on short spikes with never very many flowers, but the 
size of the labellum is very full compared to the rest 
of the flower. It has the definite O. variegatum crest, 
however. Flowers in March - April. 

Oncidium variegatum var, purpureum is very unusual 
and not very common on Water Isle in the Virgin Isles, 
but has produced 0, x floride~phillipsae as the natural 
hybrid with 0. prionochilum t that was described in 


Phytologia Vol. 15, page 6, June 1967. 


The name 0. scandens was chosen as more descriptive 
of the plant, which occurs at higher elevations through- 
out Hispaniola. Also since the town Kenscoff is a 
considerable distance from the habitats of the species 
it was felt that the name should be changed. It also 
occurs in the Dominican Republic at somewhat lower 
elevations in the grass between Jarabacoa and Con- 
stanza and also on the road going to Bonao from Jara- 
bacoa. In the areas in Haiti the long roots going 
down through the grass and pine needles often make 
club-like endings on the limestone rocks and the 
bauxite-like soil. There the color of the flowers is 
deep rose. However, by placing the plants on acid 
tree fern slabs or into trees the flowers are pale 
pink, in fact almost white. In very good conditions 
of growth the distance from tip to tip of leaves 
across the fan can exceed 12 inches and have as many 
as 15 leaves on each side in a beautiful are with a 
notch in it at the top. From a single fan or two 
one can get a mass of plants about 12 inches deep and 
2 feet up and down and 2 feet across in about 3 years. 

This plant was first mistaken by me to be O. 
sylvestre but that species has terete erect leaves in 
tufts of 5 - 6 terete leaves, with long rhizomes going 
sidewards as illustrated in the article on page 235 of 
The Orchid Journal Vol. 2, No. 5 ( May = June 1953), 
All the plant and floral characteristics of 0. scandens 
are very dominant in breeding and these carry on into 
the F 2 and F 3 generations even when crossed with 
species with tufted non rhizome forming growth. 


0. caymanense is the smallest tufted species while 
0. hawkesianum is the smallest species with rhizome 
growth. QO. lucayanum in the Bahamas is a bit larger 
than O. caymanense in native habitats. 


STUDIES IN THE EQUITANT ONCIDIUMS III 
We. W. G. Moir 


The monograph on Oncidiinae by Krazlin originally 
published in 1922 lists the following oncidiums as being 


native to Jamaica, 0. berenyce (written berenice), O. 
pulchellum, 0. tetrapetalum and 0. triquetrum. 


Krazlin used the crest on the labellum as a means 
of separating these Variegata oncids. However, he mis- 
placed one other in the Oblongata group - 0. prionochilunm, 
so there were fifteen known at that time. Share we have 
about double that number, In 1964 Withner and Jesup 
added another to the Jamaican group as O. gauntlettii. 


Oncidiums have a crest on the labellum of the flower. 
The crest is probably the most reliable floral part to 
use in separating oncidium species whose flowers look 
similar. There are other characteristics that are useful 
but the crest is the best as it is not influenced by 
environment nor geographical distribution. 


O. variegatum, the type species for this group, has 
the widest distribution in the West Indies and probably 


has the most varietal forms, yet in every case the crest 
is the same as the type species. The grooved upper pro- 
jections of the crest turn downwards to give the effect 
of water-buffalo horns. 0. variegatum does not exist 

in Jamaica. oa 


There is considerable discussion as to whether the 
species 0, berenyce exists. There are not plant or leaves 
preserved and the description of the flower with a partial 
sketch was all that was reported by Reichenbach in 1862, 
Others feel it is a natural hybrid. But in this article 
there is presented the description of the missing parts. 


In the discussion to follow we shall leave out both 
O. triquetrum and O. gauntlettii for these two have 
only a slightly raised shiny area for a crest. These 
two do not seem to be closely associated in nature with 
the others. Man-made hybrids between them and the others 
have no resemblance to natural hybrids found in Jamaica. 


29 


4,30 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 6 


In the hybrid complex that occurs in the somewhat 
triangular area between Alexandria, Claremont and Brown's 
Town in St. Ann Parish in Jamaica is found many forms of 
flowers that have characteristics not found in the three 
species 0. berenyce, 0. tetra etalum and 0. pulchelilum, 
These characteristics are (1) a much dentated or fringed 
isthmus area, even as far as the edge of the lateral upper 
lobes, (2) many short points to the parts of the crest, 
(3) concave flowers, (4) dark purplish red flowers, and 
(5) heavy veination on the labellum in the darker purplish 
red flowers. Where did these characteristics come from? 


About twenty five years ago I purchased many plants 
from a Honolulu orchid nursery. These plants had been 
imported from Jamaica. There were some plants easily 
recognizable as 0. berenyce, 0. pulchellum and 0. tetra- 
petalum but among the others there were several different 
types that did not fit the description of these three species. 


After flowering these and using them in breeding I 
did considerable photographing of their flowers and plants, 
These included closeup front and side views of the flowers 
to determine the makeup of the crests. All these plants 
were smaller in stature and in flower size and nubers 
than the plants later obtained. 


Later among the many plants from St. Ann sent by Mr. 
George Hart of Kingston we found still another unusual 
species that quickly answered several of the questions on 
where the concave flower characteristics came from in 
the hybrid complex. A couple of years later while collec- 
ting in St. Ann I picked up another specimen of this odd 
colored concave flowered plant. 


Going through the same photographic study of these 
species and hybrids, as before, the smaller plants and 
their peculiar crests gave most of the answers as to 
why the peculiar characteristics were in the hybrids. 

The result of this study has shown me the need to present 
the description of 3 species and to clearly determine 
and supply the additional data on O. berenyce. 


The flower that agreed with the description of 0. 
berenyce in Kranzlin's monograph also agreed completely 
with the sketch by Reichenbach. The names chosen for 
the others were the descriptive words for the most pro- 
Minent parts of the flower or crest. All the plants 
were of the same general growth as the larger species in 
Jamaica but somewhat smaller, that is, they were tufted 
plants without rhizomes like in 0. variegatum. 


1968 Moir, Equitant Omcidiums 432 
ONCIDIUM CUNEILABIUM = Moir sp. nov. 


Planta caespitosa, pseudobulbi nulli, folia fla- 
belliforma, rhizoma nulli. Folia lanceolata, acuta, 
6 = 8 cm longa vix 8 mm lata. Inflorescentia ex axilla 
foliorum. Sepalum dorsale oblongatum, acutum; lateralia 
in synsepalum formantia, convexa, apice biapiculata, 
1 cm longa vix 8 mm lata. Petala obovata, obtusa, 
margine undulata, 1 cm longa vix 8 mm lata, omnia pallide- 
rosea, bruneo maculata. lLabellum trilobum, basis profunde 
cordatus, lobis lateralibus lineares, obtusa, divergentes 
vel leviter reflexi; lobum intermedium semilunatum; isthmus 
elongata, tubulosa; crista tuberculis 6, lata, laterales 
Magnae profunde cuneatae, mediana minuta, bruneus maculata. 
Gynostemia alae magnae, lata, acuta, denticulata. 


Medium small plant, tufted in growth, fan shaped, 
with no bulb nor rhizome, Leaves lancolate, acute, 
6 = 8 cm long by 8 mm wide. Inforescence from axil of 
the leaves, 6 = 8 cm long, few flowered. Dorsal sepal 
oblong, acute, 1 cm long by 6 mm wide; laterals forming 
a synsepal, convex, with two apices, 1 cm long by 8 mm 
wide. Petals obovate, obtuse with very small apex, margin 
undulated, 1 cm long by 8 mm wide in pale rose with brown 
spots. Lip trilobed, the base cordate to round, lateral 
lobes linear, obtuse and reflexed slightly backwards; 
lower lobe crescent shaped, only slightly undulated; 
isthmus long and tubular; crest in 6 parts, the lateral 
parts very large, wedge shaped in a vertical position, 
the upper middle projection small, the lower projections 
with two smaller ones and a larger center one in a 
complete sweep like the crest of a wave. The wings on 
the column are large, broad at the base and pointed 
at the top as if a wing in flight, toothed. 
Jamaica; locality unknown. Flowering in cultivation 
Honolulu 1948 Moir s.n. 


The heavy wedge-shaped side lobes of the crest are 
vertical and very prominent, therefore the name oO. 
cuneilabium,. 


ONCIDIUM BERENYCE Rchb. f. 


The next in order is O. berenyce but the description 
in Kranzlin is not complete. Here are the missing parts:- 


Pseudobulbless, tufted growth shaped as a fan, with 
no rhizomes, Leaves lanceolate, acute, 6 = 10 cm long by 
8 mm broad, curved outward after the mid distance to a 
sharp point, three sided leaves, purplish green color, 
upper side grooved. Inflorescence or scape up to 25 
ecm long, bearing several flowers. 


432 PHYTOLOGIA Vel. 17, no, 6 


It comes from Jamaica and is not twice as large as 
the present day 0. variegatum flowers, It is not closely 
related to 0. variegatum but much closer to O. cunei- 
labium described above, from which it differs mostly in 
a very different crest. The upper parts of the crest are 
straight, as they go out sidewise. Underneath these parts 
are 2 pearl-like projections and then below are three 
more projections to make a total of 7. The rest of the 
description in Kranzlin applies to this plant I have studied, 


ONCIDIUM APICULATUM Moir sp. nov. 


Planta caespitosa, pseudobulbi nulli, folia laxa 
flabelliforma, rhizoma nulli. Folia lanceolata, acuta, 
falcata, 4 = 6 cm longa vix 5 mm lata. Inflorescentia 
ex axilla foliarum, 6 - 8 cm alta, racemosa, flores 3 = 5, 
Sepalum dorsale, erectum, apiculatum, bruneus, 8 mm 
longa vix 5 mm lata, lateralia in synsepalum formantica. 
Petala oblanceolata, 8 mm longa vix 5 mm lata, alba, 
bruneo maculata. Labellum 1.5 cm longa vix 1 cm lata, 
lobis lateralis minuta; isthmus elongata, lata, profunde 
dentata, maculata; lobum intermedium semi-lunatum; crista 
profunde apiculata, lata. 


Compact plant with few short slender falcate leaves, 
4 = 6 cm long by 5 mm broad. Inflorescence short, 6 = 8 
cm tall, flowers 3 - 5 in a raceme. Dorsal sepal 
erect, pointed, brown; laterals forming a synsepal. 
Petals oblanceolate, pointed, 8 mm long by 5 mm wide, 
white. Labellum 1.5 cm long by 1 cm broad, lateral 
lobes short, narrow and small; isthmus elongate, broad, 
heavily toothed or fringed; lower lobe crescent shaped; 
crest with upper two lobes long, horizontal, then tips 
turned down and very apiculate (giving name to this species); 
lower parts of crest also sharp pointed, short and 
turned upwards. 
Jamaica; location unknown. Flowered in cultivation 
Honolulu 1949 Moir s.n. 


Characteristics of this flower prominent in the 
hybrid complex in St. Ann Parish in which the fringed edge 
to the isthmus and the very sharp pointed parts to the 
crest are prominent. : 


ONCIDIUM CONCAVUM Moir, sp. nov. 
Planta caespitosa. Pseudobulbi mulli, folia laxa 


flabelliforma, rhizoma nullii. Folia lanceolata, acuta, 
carnosa, laevis, purpurea, falcata, 4 = 8 cm longa vix 


1968 Moir, Equitant Oncidiums 4433 


l cm lata. Inflorescentia ex axilla foliorum, 6 - 8 

em alta, racemosa, flores 3-5, sepalum dorsale concavum, 
apiculatum, 1 cm longa ad 3 mm lata; lateralia in 
synsepalum formantia, 9 mm longa, 4 mm lata. Petala 
oblanceolata, acuta, ad 9 mm longa, 5 mm lata, concava. 
Labellum quadrilobum, venosum, rubro-purpureum, concavum, 
1.8 cm longa vix 1.5 lata, isthmia 8 mm lata; cristae 
minutae, 5. 


Plant medium size, with few leaves, in fan shape, 
no pseudobulbs nor rhizome. Leaves light greenish 
purple in color, falcate, 4 = 6 cm long and 1 cm broad 
at middle, lanceolate, acute. Inflorescence 4 to 6 
cm long, with 3 - 5 flowers in raceme. Dorsal sepal 
concave and apiculate, 1 cm long by 3 mm broad. Petals 
oblong lanceolate, acute, 8 mm long, 4 mm broad, concave 
as well as thrust forward as dorsal sepal. Labellum 
divided into four almost equal lobes, heavily veined 
in darker reddish purple (the color of entire flower), 
entire labellum heavily concave; isthmus narrow and 
lobes quickly flaring outward; crest projections 5, small, 
rounded and compressed. 
Jamaica: 1500 = 2000 feet elevation, St. Ann Parish, near 
Claremont, first collected 1955 by Mr. George Hart, second 
time in 1958 by Moir. Its characteristics found very 
dominant in hybrid complex in St. Ann Parish. Flowered 
in cultivation Honolulu 1954 Moir s.n. 


ONCIDIUM x HARTII Moir nat. hybr. nov. 
(Oo. pulchellum Hook x oO. concavum Moir) 


Habitu inter parentiis intermedium, inflorescentia 
8 ad 15 cm racemos, floris concavum, venosum, 


Plant intermediate between parents, also in leaves 
and colors. Characteristics, except flowers, like a 
smaller edition of 0. pulchellum, however the flowers are 
very dark rose, concave, intermediate in size between 
parents, heavily veined in darker red, crest more like 
that of O. pulchellum, but pale pink. 
Jamaica: St. Ann Parish, near Claremont. Flowered 
Honolulu 1954, Moir s.n. Verification made by crossing 
O. pulchellum and 0. concavum. Characteristics from 0. 
concavum are dominant in all subsequent hybridizing. This 
attractive natural hybrid is named for Mr. George Hart, 
of Kingston, Jamaica, 


In addition to those described above are plants of 


the same stature as QO. tetrapetalum and oO. pulchellum 


43h PHYTOLOGIA Yol. 17, no. 6 


which have 7 rounded and blunt tipped projections to 

the crest, just as in the description of 0. berenyce, but 
decidedly different in their size and arrangement. 

This has not been clearly placed in the alliance. 0, tet- 


trapetalum and 0. pulchellum have only 5 projections to 


the crest and all are mor or less blunt tipped. 


In the present day hybrid mixture in St. Ann 
Parish, the species described above show their charac- 
teristics. 0O. x hartii has also bred with the others and 
the deep purple flowers that are somewhat concave or 
with labellum at a 4 o'clock angle to the top portion 
show its characteristics and its parental species 0. 
concavum. oF: 


But just how QO. apiculatum with pointed crest parts 
and fringed isthmus got into this hybrid complex is 
more of a mystery. However, the largest dark hybrids 
have very pointed crest parts and many of them bear 
8 or more sharp projections, while an occasional one 
has a fringed isthmus or even a fringed upper lobe to 
the labellum. 


In this hybrid complex are the three other named 
hybrids described in the article in the Phytologia Vol. 15, 
No. 1: 3 = 12 (June 1967). This article is a supplemen- 
tary article to that one. Although these species are 
very difficult to find or may even now be extinct the 
descriptions are necessary to understand the hybrid 
complex. Most of those described are not attractive, 
nor would they be easily noticed by a collector but 
they have left their mark. I have had this data for 
Many years but have only now published it, so that everyone 
can understand the complexity of the hybrid swarm. There 
are still many pure forms of 0. pulchellum and O. tetra- 
petalum in Jamaica. An easy test to determine whether 
these are pure is to hybridize them with 0. triquetrum and 
note the characteristics of the offspring. The first 
cross I made between a pure 0. pulchellum and O, tri- 
quetrum gave a distinct pattern not found in the subsequent 
crosses using what looked like 0. pulchellum in darker 
colors. The “blood" of 0. concavum rises to the surface 
in the dished flowers and heavy veinations. These are 
the most prominent flowers today in the plants sold as 


oO. pulchellum. 


TWO NEW SPECIES OF PIPEWORT 
Harold N. Moldenke 


PAEPALANTHUS RESTINGENSIS Moldenke, sp. nov. 

Herba acaulescens; foliis rosulatis ca. 1 cm. longis 2 mm. la- 
tis, apice subacutis vel acutis juventute utrinque densiuscule 
villoso-pubescentibus, senectute glabrescentibus opacis olivaceis; 
pedunculis pluris 9--20 erectis 7--9 cm. longis villosulis brunneo- 
stramineis l—-sulcatis, pilis divergentibus tenuissimis capitulatis; 
vaginis ca. 2 cm. longis, arcte adpressis densissime villosulis, 
ad apicem fissis; capitulis ovato-subrotundatis vel hemisphaericis 
6——8 mm. longis latisque griseis. 

Acaulescent herb; leaves rosulate-cespitose, about 1 cm. long 
and 2 mm. wide, subacute or acute at the apex, rather densely vil- 
lous=pubescent on both surfaces wken young, glabrescent in age, 
opaque, olivaceous, not fenestrate; peduncles usually many, 9-20 
per plant, straight, erect, 7-~-9 cm. long, l-dulcate, only very 
slightly twisted, browish-stramineous, villosulous throughout, 
the hairs diverging at right angles, very slender, very slightly 
capitulate; sheaths about 2 cm. long, surpassing the leaves, 
closely appressed to the peduncle base, very densely villosulous 
throughout, 2—l-split at the apex; heads ovate-subrotund or hemi- 
spheric, 6-8 mm. long and wide, gray; involucral bractlets 
stramineous, oblong-elliptic, about 1.5 mm. long and 0.8 m. wide, 
pilosulous on the outer surface; receptacular bractlets spatulate, 
concave, gray, about 3 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, obtuse at the a- 
pex, with a black spot at the center near the apex; staminate 
florets pedicellate: sepals 3, united for almost 2/3 their length, 
about 3.5 mn. long and 1.4 m. wide, concave, rounded and pubes- 
cent at the apex; stamens 3, slightly exserted; anthers 2-celled; 
pistillate florets sessile: sepals 3, separate to the base, nar=- 
row-elliptic, concave, about 5 mm. long and 1.) mm. wide, obtuse 
at the apex, pilose, with a small blackish spot at the center 
near the apex; petals 3, separate to the base, narrow-elliptic, 
about ) mm. long and 0.6 m. wide, glabrous; pistil one; style 
capillary, glabrous, about 3.5 mm. long; stigmas 3, about 1 mn. 
long; ovary rotund, about 0.7 mm. long and wide, glabrous. 

The type of this species was collected by R. P. Belém and R. S. 
Pinheiro (no. 3181) in the restinga at Marat, Bahia, Brazil, on 
January 18, 1967, and is deposited in my personal herbarium at 
Plainfield, New Jersey. The collectors describe the plant as 
"Planta de 5 cm.; infl. arroxeada", Plate I: A — habit x 1/2; 

B -—- hairs on peduncle x 10; C — portion of leaf x 4; D — in- 
volucral bractlet x 10; E -=- receptacular bractlets x 10; F — 
staminate floret x 15; G — calyx of staminate floret x 15; H — 
corolla dissected from young staminate floret x 15; J — pistil- 
late floret x 15; K — sepal from pistillate floret x 15; L — 
petal from pistillate floret x 15; M — gynoecium x 15; N -=- seed 
x 50. [Drawn by Charles C. Clare, Jr., August 1968]. 


435 


436 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 6 
Plate I 


1968 Moldenke, New species of pipewort 37 


SYNGONANTHUS ROBINSONII Moldenke, sp. nov. 

Herba acaulescens; foliis rosulatis usque ad 1 cm. longis 1 m. 
latis ubique dense adpresseque albido-pilosulis, ad apicem sub- 
acutis, ad basin lanigeris; pedunculis plerumque 3 erectis stram- 
ineis 15-~28 om. longis 3-costatis nitidis mimite pilosulis; va- 
ginis 3.5--l; em. longis arcte adpressis minute pilosulis ad api- 
cem fissis; capitulis hemisphaericis albis ca. 6 m. latis. 

Acaulescent herb; leaves rosulate, cespitose, numerous, linear, 
to 10 mm. long and about 1 m. wide, densely appressed-whitish- 
pilosulous on both surfaces, subacute at the apex, densely white- 
lanate at the base; peduncles mostly 3 per plant, erect, straight, 
15=-28 cm. long, 3-sulcate and 3-costate, slightly twisted, shiny, 
minutely pilosulous throughout with short and irregular, weak, 
gland-tipped hairs at right angles to the peduncle; sheaths brow, 
3.5—- cm. long, closely appressed to the peduncle, minutely 
pilosulous throughout with hairs similar to those on the peduncle, 
split at the apex, the blade erect and appressed; heads hemispher- 
ic, white, about 6 mm. wide; involucral bractlets lanceolate, 
stramineous, about 2.5 mm. long and 0.9 mm. wide, concave, pilose 
on the lower 1/3, acute at the apex; receptacular bractlets nar- 
row-lanceolate, about 2.) mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, concave, a= 
cute at the apex, pilose throughout on the back; staminate florets 
short-pedicellate: sepals 3, united for about 1/2 their length, 
about 1.5 mm. long and 0. m. wide, obtuse at the apex, pilose 
on the back except at the very apex;petals 3, united into a tube 
about 0.6 mm. long, glabrous; stamens 3, the filaments adnate to 
the corolla to its apex, the free portion about 0.2 m, long, 
glabrous; anthers 2-celled; pistillate florets long-pedicellate; 
sepals 3, separate, lanceolate-ovate, about 1.9 mm. long and 0. 
mm. Wide, concave, bluntly subacute at the apex, sparsely pilosu- 
lous on the back; petals 3, connate at about the middle, linear- 
lingulate, about 1.1 mm. long and 0.15 m. wide, barbulate-pilose 
at the apex; pistil one; style about 0.9 mm. long, glabrous; stig- 
mas 3, about 0.25 mm. long; style-branches 3, similar to the stig- 
mas in size; ovary 3-celled, 3-seeded. 

The type of this species, compared at the Royal Botanic Gardens 
in Kew and there confirmed as new, was collected in shallow soil 
over sandstone at Kasanshi Dambo, 55 km. east-southeast of Mporo- 
koso, Northern Nigeria, by E. A. Robinson (no. 5167) -- in whose 
honor it is named -- on May 13, 1962, and is deposited in the Brit~ 
ton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. Plate II: A — 
habit x 1/2; B — glandular hairs on peduncle x 20; C — involucral 
bractlet, exterior view x20; D — receptacular bractlet x 20; E — 
staminate floret x 20; F -—— corolla of staminate floret dissected, 
sepals removed x 20; G -— sepals of staminate floret x 20; H -- 
pistillate floret x 20; J — petal of pistillate floret x 25; K —~— 
gynoecium x 20; L -- seed x 50. [Drawn by Charles C. Clare, Jr., 
August 1968]. 


38 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 6 


Plate II 


PINUS HARTWEGII IN HONDURAS 
ELBERT L. LITTLE, JR. 
Four species of Pinus, pine, have been recorded from Honduras, 


near the southern limit of this genus in the New World in Nicar- 
agua. A fifth, Pinus hartwegii Lindl., is noted here. 


In his article on the conifers of Honduras, Antonio Molina R. 
(Coniferas de Honduras. Ceiba 10: 5-21, illus. 1964) has 
described these four species, summarized their geographic dis- 
tribution, and prepared a key for their identification. The 
three which extend into Nicaragua are widespread, occupying 
mainly different but overlapping altitudinal zones. According to 
Molina, Pinus caribaea Morelet (var. hondurensis Barrett & 
Golfari) is found between 20 and 900 meters. The most widely 
distributed species, P. occarpa Schiede, grows at 600 to 1,700 m. 
P. pseudostrobus Lindl. is confined to higher mountains from 
1,606 to 2,300 m. 


The fourth, Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb., is known from Honduras 
only on Cerro Santa ae from 1,800 m. to the summit at 2,750 
m. (9,300 ft., or 2,835 m., on one map). Its discovery during 
the difficult ascent in April 1951 was described by Paul H. Allen 
(The conquest of Cerro Santa Bérbara, Honduras. Ceiba 4: 253- 
270, illus. 1955). That mountain, perhaps the second highest in 
the country, is located in northwestern Honduras between Santa 
Barbara and Lake Yojoa. 


On the summit of Cerro Santa Bdrbara, Allen found a strange 
relic forest in which the following conifers were dominant, 
making up the bulk of the stand: Abies Gut CRE Cupressus 
lindleyi [C. lusitanica], “Pinus yseudostrobus, P. ayacahuite, 
and Taxus globosa. Though not not stated, four of these conifers 
probably were first records for Honduras. He mentioned also P. 
pseudostrobus as probably the pine observed on a hill summit at 
lower altitude. 


In January 1965, I made a brief study of pines in Honduras. 
Several areas were examined where many trees had been killed 
during the destructive epidemic of the southern pine beetle or 
bark beetle or gorgojo del pino (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.). 
All three common species of pine were attacked by these insects. 
At the time I was employed as consultant in dendrology and pro- 
fessor in the forestry program of the Interamerican Institute of 
Agricultural Sciences, Turrialba, Costa Rica, with a special Fund 
Mission of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United 
Nations. 


439 


40 PRS TO OGa & Vol. 17, no. 6 


The record of Pinus hartwegii Lindl. is based upon my examina- 
tion of the following specimen in the large herbarium of Escuela 
grep Panamericana (EAP) at Zamarano near Tegucigalpa: Paul 

- Allen, Robert Armour, and Alphonse Chable 6096, Cerro Santa 
ee Depto. Santa Bérbara, Honduras, April 5-6, 1951. The 
label adds that it was a tree to 150 ft. (45 m.) frequent on 
summit, altitude 2750 m. As reported above, this specimen was 
labeled P. pseudostrobus Lindl. However, another visitor had 
annotated it as P. montezumae Lamb. 


The specimen has stiff, moderately stout needles 5 ina 
fascicle, 1.0-1.1 mm. broad (dry), 15-20 cm. long (slightly long 
for this species), with 3 medial resin canals in cross section; 
stout twigs 8-12 mm. in diameter; and 2 sessile dark-colored 
cones 7-8 cm. long and 5-6 cm. broad (open), with dark brown, 
horizontally keeled apophysis and slightly raised blackish umbo. 


Pinus hartwegii Lindl., as interpreted here, includes P. rudis 
Endl. Paul C. Standley and Julian A. Steyermark (Flora of Guate- 
mala Pt. 1, pp. 48-50. 1958) stated that the pine of higher 
elevations in Guatemala (as Pinus montezumse var. rudis (Endl.) 
Shaw) was not easily distinguishable at lower elevations from 
typical P. montezumae. The Honduran specimen is intermediate in 
needle length but has the smaller, dark-colored cones of the 
former. 


Pinus hartwegii and P. ayacahuite (but not P. montezume) are 
known also from the summit of the highest peak in El Salvador, 


altitude about 2,800 m. (9,200 ft.) and located near the Honduras 
boundary about 125 km. southwest of Cerro Santa Bdrbara. Both 
should be sought on Cerro Pacayas, altitude about 2,865 m. (9,400 
ft.). The last named peak, apparently the highest in Honduras, 
is between the other two. 


The range extension of Pinus hartwegii from El Salvador to 
Cerro Santa Bdrbara is not unexpected, as P. ayacahuite has the 
same disjunct distribution pattern. The geographic distribution 
of all these species of Pinus has been mapped by William B. 
Critchfield and Elbert L. Little, Jr. (Geographic distribution of 
the pines of the world. U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 991, 97 pp.-, 
maps. 1966). 


Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D.C. 20250. 


A POSSIBLE NEW PLANT HORMONE 
A. K. Khudairi® 


There are three major families of plant hormones, phytohormones: 
(1) auxins, (2) gibberellins, and (3) cytokinins. These are growth pro- 
moting hormones; the first two result in cell elongation and cell division, 
while differentiation is controlled by a combination of an auxin and a 
cytokinin. Other physiological effects of these hormones are known, e.g., 
auxin is connected with apical bud dominance, rooting, curvature of coleop- 
tiles, partherocarpy of fruits, abscission of leaves and others. Gibberel- 
lin causes bolting of rosette plants, germination of seeds and production 
of reducing sugars. Cytokinins delay senescence and have an important 
role in cell differentiation. 

From the definition of a hormone, three points have to be considered: 
(1) biosynthesis of the hormone within the organism, (2) translocation of 
the hormone from the source where it is produced to the site of action, 
(3) specific physiological effect of the hormone, Ascorbic acid was found 
to fit these requirements. First of all, ascorbic acid (AA) has been 
found in many plant tissues, i.e., buds, leaves, certain stages of floral 
development, and root tips of flowering plants (2,3,4). Ascorbic acid was 
found to occur in Chlorophyceae, Rhodophyceae, Pheophyceae, mosses, ferns, 
and conifers (1). It has been known as vitamin C to animals, hence it is 
essential to growth but animals cannot produce it. 

Xanthium pensylvanicum leaves contain 100-500 mg. AA per 100 gr. 
fresh weight. The content depends on the physiological condition of the 


leaf as well as age. AA, when applied exogenously, moves from Xanthium 


* 
Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Mass. 02115 


tat 


Ly2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol, 17, no. 6 
leaves to the tested (receptor) bud. AA also was found to move downward 
when applied to decapitated Xanthium plants. The site of action is the 
undeveloped lateral bud. Such lateral buds developed more rapidly in the 
presence of AA than the water controls. Upward movement of AA was also 
observed with derooted plants immersed in AA solution. Translocation of 
AA within the plant satisfies the second point in the definition of a 
hormone. 

The physiological effects of AA are: (1)enhancement of seed germination 
in lettuce seeds including percent germination and seedling growth (Fig.l), 
(2) removal of apical dominance executed by auxin over later bud develop- 
ment (AA application overcomes the inhibitory effect of auxin on the 
development of lateral buds), (3) enhanced development of flower buds, 

(4) increased growth of young leaves when applied to intact leaves or 
excised leaves floated in water or sugar solution. The increase in size of 
leaves treated with AA is small due to the presence of endogenous ascor- 
bic acid in normal leaves. 

Ascorbic acid is unlike gibberellin or cytokinin in its action; 
where gibberellin overcomes the dark inhibition of Grand Rapids lettuce 
seeds germination, AA cannot. AA increases the germination rate in the 
presence of red light, whereas AA is inactive in lettuce seed germination 
(Table 1). The hormonal action of AA is red - far-red reversible. It 
appears that AA action is phytochrome mediated. This effect of hormonal 
activity is not limited to lettuce seeds, but also found in Xanthium bud 
development (Table 1). Lateral bud development was more pronounced when 
the plants were given 5 minutes of red irradiation in the presence of exo- 


genous AA applied to the leaves. Five minutes of far-red inhibits AA 


1968 Khudairi, New plant hormone 143 
action and the lateral buds develop like the control, without AA. The 
biosynthesis of AA was observed with other plants. Schopper, 1966, 1967 
(5 & 6), found more endogenous AA synthesized in mustard seedlings 
(Sinapis alba L.) in the presence of red light. Far-red irradiation re- 
sulted in less biosynthesis of AA. 

This new hormonal action of AA may lead to the suggestion of a fourth 


family of growth hormones, "the Photophytohormones." 


Table - 1 


Photoresponse of ascorbic acid to red and far-red irradiation in the 
development of lateral bud of Xanthium and Grand Rapids lettuce seeds 
germination. Single-leafed Xanthium plants were treated for 3 days and 
100 mg/L AA solution was applied to the upper surface of the leaf. Grand 
Rapids lettuce seeds were germinated in the presence of AA (100 mg/L) or 
distilled water. Germination percent was measured three days after the 
beginning of water or AA solution inbibition. 


Light Treatment Bud Development of Xanthium]| Grand Rapids lettuce 
(mm length) ~* seeds (% Germination) ”* 


Red (5 min.) 
then in Darkness 


Far-Red (5 min.) 
then in Darkness 


Mean of eight plants. 
Mean of two lots of 100 seeds each. 


te 
* 

Sete 
n* 


bid PEYTOLOGTIA Vol. 17, no. 6 


Figure 1- A. Seedlings of lettuce, Lactuca sativa var. Grand Rapids 
germinated in distilled water at 23° C in lighted growth chamber. 
B. Lettuce seedlings of the same variety germinated under the same con- 
ditions with the exception of the presence of 100 mg/L AA solution as 
the germinating medium. Photograph taken when seedlings were 6 days old. 
References 
1. Aberg, B. (1958) Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, Vol. VI. Edited by 
W. Ruhland. Springer-Verlag. Berlin. Gottenberg. Heidleberg. 
pp. 479-499. 
2. Reid, M.E. (1937) Amer. J. Bot. 24: 445-447. 
aye 2 (L988) abids 252 701=711. 
4. . (1941) ibid. 28: 410-415. 
5. Schopfer, P. (1966) Planta 69: 158-177. 


6. - (1967) Planta 74: 210-227. 


BOROJOA AND TOCOYENA (RUBIACEAE) IN PANAMA 


By John De Dwyer, St. Louis University and 
Missouri Botanical Garden 


The genus Borojoa (Tribe Gardenieae) has been treated 
recently by Dr. Julian Steyermark (Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. 
Nat. 26: 16-178. 1966). The genus has not been reported north 
of South America. Principally through the efforts of Dr. James 
Duke of Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, three 
species have been collected recently in the Republic of Panama. 
One of these is a new species, one is sterile, and the third 
is the familiar Colombian B. patinoi Cuatrecasas. Despite the 
fact that Cuatrecasas (the author of the genus Borojoa) has 
provided an excellent description of B. patinoi, I eee elected 
to describe the Panamanian collections, with the exception 
of the flowers (here mals) as they are in bud only. 


1. POROJOA PATINOL Cuatrecasas, Rev. Acad. Colombia Cienc. 
7: 47h. 199. 


Trees up to 7 m tall, the branchlets smooth, subplano-com- 
pressed, glabrous, the bark thin and peeling easily, the 
internodes here up to 6 cm apart, the uppermost pedicel scars 
often prominent. Leaves with the petioles up to 3.8 cm long, 
glabrous; lamina elliptic, cuneate at the apex, cuneate to 
truncate-obtuse at the base, up to 36 cm long, up to 17 cm 
wide, thin-coriacesous, presumably glabrous, the costa promin- 
ulous above, prominent beneath, up to 1.8 mm wide, obviously 
porcate above distally, the principal veins ca 15, broadly 
arcuate, up to 3 cm apart, usually 1-1.5 cm apart, the tertiary 
veins pinnatiform, patulous, tending to persist and later often 
reflexed, connate below the middle to form an appressed cylinder, 
ovate-elliptic to ovate, up to cm long, up to 1.2 cm wide, 
acute (or obtuse?) at the apex, stiffly chartaceous, with a 
slender median carina on the outside, venose, the veins ascend- 
ing, crowded, prominulous, the intervenal areas delicately 
patulous-reticulate. Flowers (here male) crowded into a terminal 
capitate cluster, ca 2.5 cm long, the corolla at first enclosed 
within the calycine cup. Fruit sessile, rotund, ca 7 cm in 
diameter, crowned by a persistent calyx, the fruit wall thick, 
smooth, glabrous, ca 1 cm thick, the seeds here ca 0.5 cm long, 
embedded in a pulp. 


PANAMA: Darien: Finca Othon nr Yape, Duke 11820 (MO); 
Santa Fe, Duke & Bristan 310 (MO); 311 (MO); Rio Morti, 
Drill Site 7, ca 250 m elev, Duke 1)181 (MO); between 
Rio Punusa & Rio Pucro, Duke 1037 (MO); without specific 
locality, Duke 8332 (MO). ws 


L46 rain COLoegis Vol. 17, no. 6 


Duke records that the tree is cultivated for its fruit; 
these take more than a year to ripen; the falling away of the 
terminal stipuloid bracts signal the maturation of the berry. 
The wood is described as soft. The mass of male flowers with 
the corolla tube stillwithin the calyx has the appearance of a 
young Morinda fruit in Duke 8332. Common names recorded by 
Duke are "Borojo", "Borojo Hembra", "Borojo Macho", "Borojo 
del Monte" (Choco Indians), and "Buriyo" (Choco). Borojoa is 
closely related to Genipa and therefore should be of interest 
biochemically. 


2. BOROJOA PANAMENSIS Dwyer, spec. nov. 


Arbores parvae, ramulis subteretibus fere rimosis ultime 
subplano=compressis fortasse glabris, internodis ad 9 cm 
distantibus, cicatricibus petiolorum subrotundis vel cordatis 
prominentibus, ca 0.4 cm diam. Folia petiolis ad 2 cm longis, 
in medio ad 0.2 cm latis, laevibus proximaliter turgidis; 
lamina elliptico-rotunda, apice lato-cuneata, brevi—acuminata, 
basi cuneata et subaequilaterali, ad 19 cm longa, ad 12.5 cm 
lata, rigido-chartacea, fortasse glabrescenti praeter costam 
minute diffuso—auro—pubescentem et praeter axillas venarum 
principalium saepe auro=barbellatas, costa supra prominula, . 
subtus prominenti et porcata praecipue proximaliter, venibus 
lateralibus ca 10, supra prominulis, subtus subprominentibus 
ad prominentibus, ad 3 cm distantibus, plerumgue ca 2 cm dis= 
tantibus, venis tertiariis pinnatiformibus; stipulae superiores 
persistentes ad medium connatae, tubo cylindrico, ad 1 cm longo, 
basi prominentia triangulari, ad 6 mm longa, ca 0.5 cm lata 
notato, aetate provecto fisso reflexoque, partibus liberis 
obovato=-rotundis ad ellipticis, acuminatis, ad 2 cm longis, ad 
1 cm latis, plerumgue supra medium latioribus, tenui-coriaceis, 
pallido—brunneis minute venosis, extus carina tenui media 
ornatis. Flores non visi. Fructus terminales, sessiles, 
solitarii, globoso-rotundi, ad .6 cm longi, ad 1.2 cm diam, 
ca O14 cm alto. 


PANAMA: Gontas Cerro Pilon nr. E] Valle de Anton, ca 
2700 ft elev, Duke & Dwyer 1501) (MO, holotype); Lallathin 
501); (MO). Panama: Cerro Jefe to Eneida, ca 2700 ft elev, 
Dwyer, Duke & Dressler 823 (MO). 


Borojoa nsis is the first new species of the genus 
to be Ene north of South America. It is readily distingu- 
ished by its elliptic-rotund blades with few lateral veins; 
these are glabrous except for minute tufts of hairs in the 
majority of the axils of the secondary veins on the lower side. 
The common name is "Madrono", 


3. BOROJOA SP. 


Shrubs small, the branchlets drying tan, diffuse-pilulose. 


1968 Dwyer, Borojoa and Tocoyena in Panama 47 


Leaves with the petioles up to 3 cm long, 0.35 cm wide, puberu- 
lent; blades elliptic, cuneate and briefly acuminate at the 
apex, cuneate to vaguely obtuse and subequilateral at the base, 
up to 36 cm long, to 13 cm wide, thinly chartaceous, drying 
black above, moderately diffuse-golden=pilose beneath especial=- 
ly on the veins and the lateral nerves, the costa prominulous 
above, porcate proximally, prominent beneath, up to 1.8 mm wide, 
the secondary veins ca 10, widely arcuate, up to 2 cm apart, 
occasionally with 1-2 irregular and evanescent veins diverging 
between a pair of lateral veins; stipules not seen; bracts 
terminal, stipuloid (7), crowded, imbricate, the mass up to 

lh cm long and wide, each bract elliptic, cuneate toward the 
apex but finally obtuse, up to 2.5 cm long, up to 1.5 cm wide, 
thin-coriaceous, drying black venose, medianally carinate on 
the outside, golden pilose, the hairs tending to persist only 
on the margins. 


PANAMA: Darien: Cerro Pirre, Bristan 95 (uO). 


Unfortunately the collection is sterile. The aggregation of 
bracts seems particularly noteworthy; these simulate in form 
and texture the stipules of known species of Borojoa but are 
not connate at the base, a fact which may be significant. 

see 


In 1928 Standley described Posoqueria pittieri and later 
transferred this to Tocoyena Aubl. T. pittieri (Standley) 
Standley ranges from Costa Rica to Panama. Steyermark in his 
recent treatment of Tocoyena (Mem, NeYe Bot. Garden 12: 192- 
197. 1965) considers the genus to be restricted to South 
America, presumably unaware of T. pittieri and T. obliquiner- 
ia (Standley) Standley. Recently I have had the opportunity 
to examine some excellent material of T. pittieri collected 
in Panama. In view of Standley's incomplete description I have 
elected to give the following diagnosis and to consider 
briefly the genus Tocoyena whose center of distribution appears 
to be in northern Brazil. The genus extends south to Paraguay. 


TOCOYENA PITTIERI (Standley) Standley, Contr. Arn. Arb. 5: 151. 
1933. 
Posoqueria pittieri Standley, Jour, Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 
167. 1928 


Trees up to 10 m high, with the branchlets often nodose, 
the nodes usually 2-3 cm long, terete, smooth, glabrous, the 
pith septate. Leaves with the petioles to 3 cm long, ca 0.25 
cm wide, glabrous; lamina elliptic, widely cuneate to subrotund 
at the apex, short-acuminate, the acumen to 1 cm long, ultimate- 
ly obtuse, cuneate toward the base, often somewhat inequilater- 
al, up to 32 cm long, to 17 cm wide, stiffly chartaceous, black- 
brown when dry, glabrous except minutely pubescent beneath in 
the axils of the principal veins, minutely pappilate under 


LLB PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 6 


magnification, lightly marcescent above, the principal veins 

ca lO, arcuate, the tertiary veins slender, irregular and 
open-pinnatiform, plane; stipules not seen. Inflorescence 
cymose=paniculate, resembling a candelabra, to cm long, ca 
11.5 cm wide, the flowers numerous, erect, the bracts and 
bracteoles triangular—subulate, 0.5-1 mm long. Flowers 

yellow, the pedicels 1-3 mm long, glabrous; hypanthiun 

oblong, truncate, to ) mm long, glabrous, the calyx cup ca 

1 mm long, scarcely swollen, with the teeth 5, widely triangu- 
lar-subulate, to 0.5 mm long, glabrous; corolla tube erect, 

to 9.5 cm long, 2=3.8 mm wide, slender, thickly carnose, 
occasionally dilated slightly basally, glabrous externally, 
glabrous within except white-villose at the base, the lobes 5, 
forming an ovate-rotund mass in the bud, golden-farinose on the 
outside, at anthesis ovate-elliptic or elliptic-rotund, to 1 cm 
long, ca 0.65 cm wide, glabrous; stamens 5, exserted at anthes- 
is, the anthers sessile, elliptic, ca 6 mm long, ca 2 mm wide, 
attached at the apex of the throat; ovary with the wall (includ- 
ing the hypanthium) up to 1 mm thick, 2-locellate, the ovules 
flat, subrotund, ca 0.2 mm diam, the style ca 0.6 mm wide, the 
stigmas 2, ovate-lancecolate, crassate, ca 5 mm long, obviously 
wider than the style, smooth on the adaxial surface. Fruits 
sessile, solitary, subrotund, obtuse or rotund at the apex, 
6-10 cm in diam, woody when dry, the wall thick, to 1.3 cm diam, 
black when dry, tan within, smooth externally except longitudin- 
ally costate, the ribs perhaps 10-15, well-spaced, slender or 
thick, prominent, not ridge-like, often in part evaescent along 
their length, the general surface often marked by well-spaced 
corky eruptions, the seeds flat, ovate-trapeziform, obtuse, to 
2 cm long, to 1.3 cm wide, ca 0.5 cm thick, slimy to the touch, 
the pulp when dry blue-black. 


PANAMA: Canal Zone: Barro Colorado Island, Croat 1636 (MO). 
Darien: La Boca de Pirre, Bristan 126 (uO); Rio Salsa 

nr Rio Coasi, Kirkbride & Duke 1586 (MO); Rio Balsa nr 
Cerro Campamento, S cerro Pirre, cloud forest, Duke 

15599 (MO). 


Several additional collections of Tocoyena pittieri have been 
made on Barro Colorado Island; in fact this has been the only 
collection site in Panama. Bristan records that the wood is hard; 
the twigs have a diaphragmed pith which rasembles that of our 
black walnut Juglans nigra L. The corolla is an attractive lemon 
yellow; on falling from the tree it turns a drab brown (fide 
Croat; Kirkbride). T. pittieri probably has as large a fruit as 
is found in any Tocoyena, although judging from the original 
descriptions, o about only about one third of the species 
have been described from fruit. The fruit may reach the size of 
a fist and is marked by distinct although irregular and often 
incomplete ribs varying considerably in diameter. The fruit 

wall is lined with a glossy, tan, thin, and hard coat, up to 

0.2 mm thick. Kirkbride & Duke note that the fresh pulp is 
brownish-black; the dried pulp is deep purple, resembling the 


1968 Dwyer, Borojoa and Tocoyena in Panama Lg 


dried pulp of Genipa, a relative of Tocoyena. Genipa yields 
the well-known cyclopentanoid monoterpenes ete and genipic 


acid (cf. Tallen in Tetrahedron 20: 178-187. 196 ; also 
several papers by Djerassi et al in Journ. Organic Chen., 
beginning with vol. 23: 217-2177. 1960.). 

Tocoyena ranges from Mexico to Paraguay. T. cubensis 
(eens) Britton a West Indian species, perhaps would 
be better placed in Casasia Rich. 

In Tocoyena the principal characters separating the 
species are: the relative size of the leaves, the number of 
lateral veins of the lamina, the presence or absence of hairs 
on most parts of the plant, especially on the leaves, the hyp- 
anthium, and the inner surface of the corolla lobes; the length 
of the calycine teeth, the length of the corolla tube; the 
size and ribbing of the fruit. 

The Mexican T. tabascensis Standley is probably not a 
Tocoyena; the inflorescence has the flowers disposed in threes 
and the corolla has only ) lobes. In T. obliguinervia Standley 
the flowers are much smaller than in T. pittieri and the calycine 
lobes are not acute but obtuse. Among the South American species 
T. amazonica Standley, T, brasiliensis Mart., 7. brevifolia 
Steyermark, T. hirsuta Moric ex Dc, T. mollis Krause, T. sell- 
oana (C. & Se) Schuman have much smaller leaves, measuring up to 
about 8 cm in width. The leaves of the Peruvian Tf. hispidula 
Standley are hispidulous. T. longiflora Aublet, the type species 
has glabrous foliage but has calycine squamellae and elongate 
calycine lobes. T. orinocensis Steyermrk from Venezuela 
whose fruits are longitudinally ribbed is probably closely related 
to T. pittieri, but its corolla lobes and anthers are much larger. 
The Peruvian T. williamsii Standley is reported as having 6 corolla 
lobes while T. sprucei Standley has much smaller fruit. T. foetida 
P. & Ee, of Brazil and Colombia has much longer floral tubes 
as in the Venezuelan T. guianensis Steyermark, and a tomentose 
hypanthium as in T. stipulosa K. Schum., and presumably smaller 
fruit. T. cuatrecasii Steyermark from Colombia, T. hirsuta from 
Brazil, i neglecta Brown, T. surinamensis Bren. “from Dutch 
Guiana, and T. tomentosa Mor. (herbarium name?) from Brazil all 
differ from T. pittieri in having the leaves very pubescent. 
Noteworthy is the fact that the corolla lobes of T. costanensis 
Steyermark from Venezuela and T. cuatrecasii are pubescent within, 
unlike the lobes of Tf. surinamensis and T. pittieri. The Venezu- 
ekan T. pendulina Spruce ex Standley Cos from all Tocoyena 
(except Te sprucei) in having the leaves widely rounded at the 
apex; the lamina is up to 8 cm wide with the lateral veins 
reduced to about 6; the corolla tube is very short, measuring 
up to ).5 cm in Tenaune 


ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. XV 


Harold N. Moldenke 


ERIOCAULACEAE Lindl. 

Additional bibliography: Melchior in Engl., Syllabus Pfl., ed. 
12, 2: 19, 20, 2h, 26 & 554--556, fig. 230. 1964; M. E. S. Mor 
rison, Journ. Ecol. [Brit.] 56: 373, fig. 5. 1968; D. Walker, 
ee a [Brit.] 56: 451. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 372- 
395~ 1968. 

Morrison (1968) reports the finding of eriocaulaceous pollen 
in Uganda swamps, which he feels is not from the genera Mesan- 
themum or Syngonanthus, since these genera are recorded only 
from swamps at lower elevations. 


BLASTOCAULON Ruhl. 
Additional bibliography: Melchior in Engl., Syllabus Pfl., 
ed. 12, 2: 556. 1964; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 373. 1968. 


COMANTHERA L. B. Sm. 
Additional bibliography: Melchior in Engl., Syllabus Pfl. 
ed. 12, 2: 556. 1964; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 376-377. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON Gron. 

Additional bibliography: Melchior in Engl., Syllabus Pfl., 
ed. a2. 23 555 & 556, fig. 230 A-—-K. 1964: Me Ee Se Morrison, 
Journ. Ecol. [Brit.] 56: 373, fig. 5. 1968; D. Walker, Journ. 
— (Brit.] 56: 451. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 377--395. 
1968. 


ERIOCAULON ABYSSINICUM Hochst. 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 382-——-383 & 
387. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON ACHITON Ktrn. 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 383—-38 & 
386. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON ALPESTRE Hook. f. & Thoms. 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 385--386 & 
390. 1968, 


ERIOCAULON AMBOENSE Schinz 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 383 & 387. 
1968. 


ERIOCAULON ATRUM Nakai 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 386 & 390. 
1968. 
450 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 451 


ERIOCAULON AUSTRALASICUM (F. Muell.) Ktrn. 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 382 & 391. 
1968. 


ERIOCAULON BLUMEI Ktrn. 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 395. 1968. 
Additional citations: INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISIANDS: Java: 
Backer 12567 (Ut--53018, Z), 26071 (Ut—52813); Pulle 3079 (Ut— 
2666, Ut—2667). Sumatra: Blnnameyer 9728 (B). 


ERIOCAULON BOMBAYANUM Ruhl. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
23 & 32. 1946; Moldenke, Résumé 161 & 1,80. 1959. 

Additional citations: INDIA: Bombay: Warburg 876 (B--type, Z— 
isotype). 


ERIOCAULON BONGENSE Engl. & Ruhl. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
20, 21, & 33. 1946; Moldenke, Résumé 133, 134, 136, 138, 146, & 
480. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 6 (1960) and kj: 6. 1962; Je 
A. Raynal, Adansonia 7: 329. 1967; Berhaut, Fl. Sénégal, ed. 2 
311. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 7. 1968; Moldenke, Phyto- 
logia 17: 385. 1968. 

The Raynals found this plant growing on alluvium of the Niger 
River on inundated prairies, flowering in December; they report 
(1967) that the species is common in Gambia and Sénégal. On the 
label of their no. 5306 ter they claim that this specimen is 
identical with their no NO. , 52303 a splendid series of drawings of 
the plant accompanies their n no. 5306 ter collection deposited in 
a Hel pore herbarium. Berhaut (1967) cites his no. 6662 from 
Sénégal. 

Additional citations: MALI: Soudan: Jaeger 5126 (Gg); Raynal & 
Raynal 5306 ter (Z). CHAD: Schweinfurth h 2635 (S), 2722 (B—-type, 
Z——isotype). SENEGAL: Winkoren 2 (Z). REPUBLIC OF GUINEA: Pitot 
sen. (2).I¥.19)9] (An). 


ERIOCAULON BONI H. Lecomte 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
26 & 61. 1946; Moldenke, Résumé 175 & 480. 1959. 

Additional citations: INDOCHINA: Tonkin: Eberhardt 3834 bis 


(Mg). 


ERIOCAULON BRACHYPEPLON Ktrn. 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 

33. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 16h. 1949; Moldenke, Résumé 

204 & 480. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON BREVIFOLIUM Klotzsch 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
6 & 33. 196; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 322 (1950) and 4: 3h1. 1953; 
Moldenke, Résumé 75 & 480. 1959. 


452 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 6 


Gleason, in his unpublished notes for a Flora of British Guia- 
na, describes this species as: "Leaves all basal, cespitose, 5—7 
cm. long, 1.5-—-2.5 mm. wide, thinly pubescent toward thebase; pe- 
duncles 1—l, 1—l dm. high, straight of somewhat twisted, glab- 
rous, the basal sheaths somewhat exceeding the leaves; heads sub- 
globose, 5—& mm. in diameter; bracts broadly ovate or subrhombic; 
subtending bracts similar in shape, acute, hirsute at the apex." 
He says that it inhabits savannas, and cites only the type col- 
lection (Rob. Schomburgk 107) and Appun 1536 & 2216. 

An isotype, Rob. Schomburgk 107, in the Delessert Herbarium at 
the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques in Geneva, was photograph- 
ed there by Macbride as his type photograph mumber 25158. The E. 
brevifolium of Martius is a synonym of E. sellowianwm Kunth, 

Additional citations: BRITISH GUIANA: Dirven LP.186 (Ut— 
283788); Rob. Schomburgk 107, in part [Macbride photos 25158] (B— 
type, N--isotype, W—702519—isotype, Z—-photo of isotype). 
MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings & notes by KUrnicke (B). 


ERIOCAULON BREVIFOLIUM var. PROLIFERUM Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 76. 
1957; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 130. 1957; Moldenke, 
Résumé 71 & 80. 1959. 

The Vareschi & Maegedfrau 6698, distributed as E. brevifolium 
var. proliferum, is actually Syngonanthus xeranthemoides (Bong.) 
Ruhl., while their 6706 & 6717 [Herb. Nac. Venez. 42557 & 42558) 
are actually something in the Cyperaceae. 


ERIOCAULON BREVIPEDUNCULATUM Merr. 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon acaule Fosberg, Govt. Sarawak Sympos. Eco- 
log, Res. Humid Trop. Veg. 286. 1965 [not E. acaule Pennell, 
1959). su lsad ES 

Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Dis- 
trib. Erioc. 26, 27, & 61. 196; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 
27: 130. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 18, 192, 201, & 480. 1959; Mol- 
denke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 1) (1959) and 8: 3. 1964; Moldenke, Biol. 
Abstr. 45: 5019. 196); F. R. Fosberg, Govt. Sarawak Sympos. Ecol. 
or Humid Trop. Veg. 286. 1965; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 13: 7. 
1966. 

Recent collectors have found this plant growing in open barren 
country on the west side of a clay-stone plateau, in boggy meadows 
by pools, in wet pools, on wet and cold bare windswept granite, 
and in swamps surrounded by treefern grasslands, at altitudes of 
8000—12,500 feet, flowering in June and November, fruiting in 
May and November, and called "pehndigi" and "poio" by the natives 
of the region. Collectors report that it is "tuft-forming", 
"densely cespitose", or "grows in mats". The E. acaule Pennell, 
referred to in the synonymy above, is a synonym of Syngonanthus 
peruvianus Ruhl. 

Additional citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: PHILIPPINE IS- 
LANDS: Mindoro: E. D. Merrill 621) (B—isotype, N—isotype). IN- 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 453 


DONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Celebes: Eyma 863 (Ut—11517b). 
Sabah: M. S. Clemens 1050 (Ca—-21suh1), 1061 (Ca—214h39, 2); 
Clemens & Clemens 32336 (Ca—5)1311), 51120 (Ca—-557560). MELAN- 
ESIA: NEW GUINEA: Dutch New Guinea: Hoogland & Schodde 7031 (W— 
ee Northeastern New Guinea: M. S. Clemens 709 (B), 9942 
B). 


ERIOCAULON BREVIPEDUNCULATUM var. ANGUSTIFOLIUM Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Biol, Abstr. 27: 98h. 1953; 
Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 131. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 
201 & 480. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 1). 1959. 

Mrs. Clemens found this plant growing in boggy marshes and 
open alpine places, at 7000-~9000 feet altitude. 

Additional citations: MELANESIA: NEW GUINEA: Northeastern New 
Guinea: M. S. Clemens 558, (B), 5655a (B), 9368 (B). 


ERIOCAULON BREVIPEDUNCULATUM var. LONGIPES Moldenke 

Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 9: 360. 1963; Hocking, Ex- 
cerpt. Bot. A.7: 45S. 1964; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 5: 5019. 196h; 
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 8: 3. 196). 

Citations: MELANESIA: NEW GUINEA: Dutch New Guinea: Hoogland & 
Schodde 767 (W-~2377945——type) . 


ERIOCAULON BREVISCAPUM Ktrn. 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon breviscapon Kérn. ex Thanikaimoni, Pollen 
& Spores 7: 18). 1965. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Knorm Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
23 & 33. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 18). 1949; Moldenke, Résumé 
161 & 80. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 17 & 19. 1962; Thani- 
ae Pollen & Spores 7: 18). 1965; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1): 

- 1966. 

Recent collectors state that this is a common herb on rocks in 
streams in Cambodia, the flowers being "dirty-white", blooming in 
February, at 1000 meters altitude. 

Additional citations: INDOCHINA: Cambodia: Smitinand & Abbe 


6450 (Z). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings & notes by KUrnicke (B). 


ERIOCAULON BROMELLOIDEUM H. Lecomte 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
26 & 61. 1946; Moldenke, Résumé 175 & 80. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON BROWNIANUM Mart. 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon brownianum Wall., Numer. List 207. 1832. 
Eriocaulon browniamum R. Br. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 16, in 
syn. 1959. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
131—132. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 159, 161, 167, 176, 286, 29h, & 
480. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 11 & 16. 1959; Panigrahi & 
Naik, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: 383. 1961; Thanikaimoni, Pollen 
& Spores 7: 18). 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 395. 1968. 


5k PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, nos 6 


Recent collectors have found this plant growing in old fields, 
at altitudes of 5900—6000 feet, flowering in August and November, 
and fruiting in November. Chand describes it as 20 inches tall, 
with "grayish-white" flowers. Koorders claims that E. blumei 
Ktrn. is a synonym of this taxon, but it is glabrous! 

Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as 


E. nilagirense Steud. 

Additional citations: PAKISTAN: East Bengal: De Silva 2 (Wal- 
lich 6066] (B~—isotype); Griffith 557h (S). INDIA: Assam: Chand 
7993 (Mi). Khasi States: Hooker & . Thomson 32 (B), sen. ([Mont. 
Khasia, 3-5000 ped.] (S, Ut—306). "Madras: “Herb. Presid. Coll. 
Madras 3331 (B). State undetermined: Collector undesignated 12 123 
[Mons Pangerango] (S, S); Herb. Univ. Mich. s.n. [Mountains of 
India] (Mi); Wight s.n. (Ind. or.] (V—h1209, V—L1339). CEYLON: 
Bérgesen s.n. [13 371928] (Cp); H. Saint John 2/128 (Bi). 


ERIOCAULON BROWNIANUM var. LATIFOLIUM Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
132. 1957} Moldenke, Résumé 167 & 4,80. 1959. 

Additional citations: CEYLON: Bérgesen sn. [13/3/1928] (Cp). 


ERIOCAULON BRUNONIS Britten 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
132. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 208, 286, 292, 3h2, & 480. 1959. 

The label of Schultz 261, cited below, also bears the inscrip- 
tion "Rich. Schomburgk 261". 

Additional citations: AUSTRALIAN REGION: AUSTRALIA: South 
Australia: Schultz 261 (B--isotype, Z—-isotype). 


ERIOCAULON BUCHANANII Ruhl. 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon buchanani Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Résumé Sup- 
pl. 1: 16, in syn. 1959. 

Additional bibliography: J. Hutchinson, Botanist in South. 
Afr. 99. 196; H. Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. Bot. Gesell. 67: 84. 
1957; Moldenke, Résumé ih, 147, 1u9, 418, & 480. 1959; Moldenke, 
Résumé Suppl. 1: 8 & 16 (1959), hs 6 (1962), and 16: 8. 1968. 

Milne-Redhead & Taylor describe this plant as an annual, the 
leaves "similar to those of 10885", slightly bronzy-green, with 
rather parallel sides; sheathes pale- or yellow-green; scapes 
erect, scarcely diverging or tending to spread, green or pale- 
green; involucral bracts pale brownish-gray or pale-brown; floral 
bracts brownish-gray or blackish with grayish tips, very acute; 
anthers blackish or greenish-black; style white; growing in dazp 
rather deep hollows in Brachystegia-Uapaca woodlands where water 
has been standing, also on sandy ground in the same woodland 
with Lipocarpha and Naesea species and in derelict cultivated 
ground in riverside grassland on boggy soil. It has been collec- 
ted at altitudes of 900—1320 meters, flowering in June. Hess 
(1957) records it from Angola, Southern Rhodesia, and Sénégal. 
Hutchinson (1946) cites his no, 3647. Material has been misiden- 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae ss 


tified and distributed in herbaria as E. plumale N. E. Br. and as 
Ez. transvaalicum N. E. Br. 

Additional citations: SENEGAL: J. G. Adam 17239 (Z); Raynal & 
Raynal 6946 bis (An). REPUBLIC OF GUINEA: Chillou 726 (An); 
Pitot 226 (An), sen. [9.X.1950] (An), sen. [16.X.1950] (An, An); 
Schuell 215 (N, N—-photo). TANGANYIKA: Milne-Redhead & Taylor 
10556 (B), 10892 (B); Whyte s.n. [Post Hill] (B—cotype, 2—-co- 
type). ANGOLA: Huila: H. Hess 52/2003 (B). RHODESIA: E. A. Rob- 
inson 5541 (N). MALAWI: Buchanan 1168 (B—cotype); Stolz 1344 
(B, H—photo, S, Ut—64478, V—10809). 


ERIOCAULON BUERGERIANUM Korn. 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon pachypetalum Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 
10: 52, fig. 29. 1921. Eriocaulon nipponicum KUrn. ex Moldenke, 
Résuné Suppl. 1: 17, in syn. 1959 [not E. nipponicum Maxin., 

1892, nor Tatew., 1938]. 

Additional bibliography: Koyama, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3h: 
368. 1956; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 133. 1957; Mol- 
denke, Résumé 132, 169, aunt 174, 176, 181, 290, & 480. 1959; 
Woldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 12 & i7 (1959) and 3: 17. 19623 Hatu- 
sima, Mem. South. Indust. Sci. Inst. Kagoshima Univ. 3 (2): 123. 
1962; Koyama in Kitamura, Murata, & Koyama, Col. Illustr. Herb. 
Pl. Japan 183, pl. 48, fig. 308, * text fig. 125 (2). 196). 

The plate in Koyama! s (196) *work is in full color. The E. 
nipponicum Maxim., referred to in the synonymy above, is a valid 
species, while E. nipponicum Tatew. is a synonym of xE. perplex- 
um Satake & Hara; the E. nipponicum of Ktrnicke is a cheironym 
which he placed on Savatier 1361 in the Berlin herbarium [it 
should be pointed out, however, er, that this and the other Savatier 
collection cited below may actually be Franchet numbers]. 

Eriocaulon buergerianum has been found growing in the retain- 
ing walls of rice terraces, but is said by Lau to be "rare" in 
Kwangtung. It has been collected in anthesis and fruit in Au- 
gust. Koyama (1956) gives its overall distribution as "China, 
Formosa, Liukiu, Japan" and cites Hayata s.n. fran Tonkin, which 
he says is a new record for Indochina. 

Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria 
under the names E. sexangulare L., E. sieboldianum Sieb. & Zucc., 
and E. wallichiamm Mart. The Faber s.n. collection cited below 
is a mixture with E. cristatum Mart. On the other hand, the 


Kawakami 431, distributed as E. buergerianm, is actually’ E. 
pterospermm Hayata, while Ake s T. Tsang 535 535 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 
16034] is B. sinii Ruhl. 

additional citations: CHINA: Anhwei: R. C. Ching 550 [Herb. 
Univ. Nanking 8939] (Ca—-263593). Kwangsi: a. T. Tsan ang 23167 
(¥—-8303). Kwangtung: Lau 708 (N); W. T. Tsang 20657 SORT CB, oo, Cp, Ss, 
V—1338, V—l618), 21681a (N). Manchuria: Bohnhof 29) (N). 
Yunnan: Maire 2331 (Ca--222835). Province undetermined: Faber 


456 PobaYoTsOrtOnG Teh Vol. 17, no. 6 


sn. (N). CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: Tak 535 [Herb. Lingnan 
Univ. 16034] (Ca—326638); W. T. Tsang 535 (Herb. Lingnan Univ. 
1603k) (N). WESTERN PACIFIC | 1SLAMST JAPAN: Honshu: Savatier 1361 
(B), 1361 bis (B). aie fa 


FRIOCAULON BURCHELLII Ruhl. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
13h. 19573 aes Résumé 88 & 480. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Sup- 
pl. ll: k. 196). 

The type, Burchell 7812, deposited in the herbarium of the 
Botanisches Museum in Berlin, was photographed there by Macbride 
as his type photograph mumber 10556. 

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Burchell 7812 [Macbride 
photos 10556] (B--type, W--photo of type). 


ERIOCAULON CAAGUAZUENSE Ruhl. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
134. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 116, 286, & 480. 1959. 

Additional citations: PARAGUAY: Balansa 56 (P); Hassler 8885 


(B--type, V—-133-- isotype), 9425 (V—7011). 


ERIOCAULON CABRALENSE Alv. Silv. 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon cubralense Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. pl. 5a, 
sphalm. 1928. 

Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Archiv. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 23: 162, 
pl. . 1921; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 17—19, pl. 5 & 5a. 1928; Mol- 
denke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 7 & 33. 196; Moldenke, Résu- 
mé 88, 287, & 80. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON CAESIUM Griseb. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
5 & 33. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 185. 1949; Moldenke, Résumé 
63 & 480. 1959. 

The W. E. Broadway 2145, distributed as E. caesium, is actually 


Paepalanthus lamarckii Kunth. 


ERIOCAULON CANDIDUM Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
13h. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 88 & 480. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON CAPITULATUM Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 132—133. 
1948; Moldenke, Résumé 35 & 80. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON CARSONI F. Muell. 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon submersum Tate, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Aus- 
tral. 23: 291. 1899 [not E. submersum Welw., 1899]. Eriocaulon 
tatei Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (IV, 30): 117. 1903. Erio— 
caulon carsonii F. Muell. ex Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Er 
Zoc. 27 & 33. 196. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 57 


Bibliography: F. Muell., Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales 5: 250. 
1890; F. Muell., Bot. Centralbl. ly: 302. 1890; Moore & Betche, 
Handb. Fl. New S. Wales 0. 1893; Tate, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Aus- 
tral. 23: 291. 1899; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (IV, 30): 
98 & 117. 1903; Maiden & Betche, Census New S. Wales Pl. 38. 
1916; Black, Fl. S. Austral., ed. 2, 1: 179. 19433; Moldenke, 
Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 27 & 33. 1946; Moldenke, Résumé 208 
& 480. 1959; 0. D. Evans, Contrib. New S. Wales Nat. Herb., Fl. 
Ser., 27/28: 10 & 12. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 12 & 21. 
1968. 

Evans (1966) describes this plant as follows: "Small, glab- 
rous, scapigerous herb, possibly perennial. Leaves basal, tuf- 
ted, lanceolate, gradually narrowed upward to an obtuse, often 
incurved apex, up to 6 cm. long and 0.5 cm. wide, the base en- 
larged and sheathing. Scapes rather robust, twice as long as 
the leaves or somewhat longer, angular. Flower=heads globose, 
up to 5 m, diam. Involucral bracts ovate, obtuse, rounded, 
glabrous; fertile bracts obovate, obtuse, membranous, glabrous; 
central axis (receptacle) narrow-conical, up to  m. long. 
Flowers scarcely numerous. Male flowers: outer tepals 3, 
spathulate- or linear-cuneate, somewhat lacerated at the apex; 
basal parts of the inner tepals fused into an obconical tube 
conspicuously longer than the lobes which are slightly fringed 
and each marked by a dark glandular spot. Stamens mostly 6; 
anthers rounded and almost black. Female flowers: outer tepals 
often 2 only, broad, cymbiform—conduplicate, whitish, opaque; 
inner tepals 3, ovate- to narrow-lanceolate, apiculate, brown- 
ish upward. Style short; stigmatic branches 3, filamentous. 
Fruit a membranous, turgid capsule, 3-valved. Seeds ellipsoid, 
shining, almost smooth, brown, ca. 0.6 mm. long." He states 
that the type was collected in New South Wales and that the 
species forms ample tufts in wet ground adjoining a somewhat 
saline spring, called by the aborigines Wee Watta spring, on 
Kallara Station, Darling River, near Louth. The type was col- 
lected by Carson in March, 1888, and is no. 66346 in the New 
South Wales National Herbarium. He adds "Also in South Austral- 
ia where it is reported to have formed dense mats in a bog at 
springs between Lakes Blanche and Frome. In New South Wales it 
is known only from the type locality. Search is desirable at 
appropriate sites in the far west for further occurrence of 
this species. Recent endeavours to find it have been unsuccess= 
ful. The original description of E. submersum Tate is incorrect 
in several respects. It stated that the female flower is tetra- 
merous, with 2 sepals, petals and a 2=branched style, also 
that the glabrous flower—heads and the form of the bracts dis- 
tinguished it from all other Australian species. Tate noticed, 
however, that the fourth 'petal' was distinct from the others. 
Careful examination of the type shows that it agrees with the 
description above under E. carsonii." 


ERIOCAULON CAULIFERUM Mak. 
Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. 


458 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 6 


Distrib. Erioc. 25 & 61. 196; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 
27: 13l—135. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 172 & L380. 1959; Koyama in 
Kitamura, Murata, & Ko , Col. Illustr. Herb. Pl. Japan 178, 

text fig. 120 (2). 196h. 


ERIOCAULON CEYLANICUM K&rn. 

Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon zeylanicum KUrn, ex Moldenke, 
Résumé 29, in syn. 1959. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. 
2: 310 & 312. 1921; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 2 & 33. 
1946; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 135. 1957; Moldenke, 
Résumé 167, 286, 29), & 480. 1959; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 
7: 184. 1965. 

G, Gardner 934 appears to be the type collection of E, ceylan- 
icum Ktrn. and a cotype collection of the so-called E. subcaules- 
cens Hook. f. I therefore feel now that the latter name is not 
worthy of recognition and that it should be reduced, along with 
E. ceylanicum var. subcaulescens (Hook. f.) Fyson, to synonymy 
under E. ceylanicum Ktrn. 

Saint John found this species growing in a swamp at 7500 feet 
altitude, flowering in November. Material has been misidentified 
and distributed in herbaria under the name EZ. argenteum Bong. 
Fyson (1921) is of the opinion that E. ceylanicum and E. crista- 
tum Mart. are related. 

Additional citations: CEYLON: G. Gardner 93 (B—type, B— 
isotype, N—isotype, N—photo of isotype); Herb. Bentham s.n. 
(Ut—313); H. Saint John 215) (Bi); Uzel s.n. [1902] (v¥— 

10086) . ‘elt t.Nenl Jak LG ees tae 


ERIOCAULON CHINOROSSICUM Lom 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Knorm Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
61. 1946; Moldenke, Résumé 132 & 1,80. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON CHRISTOPHERI Fyson 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
23 & 61. 1946; Moldenke, Résumé 161 & 1,80. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 
Suppl. 11: 6. 1964; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 18. 1965. 
Thanikaimoni (1965) regards this taxon as a synonym of E. col- 
linum Hook. f. oe etd 


ERIOCAULON CILIIPETALUM H. Hess 

Additional bibliography: Anon., Assoc. Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. 
Trop. Index 1955: 30. 1956; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Prux. 27: 
135—136. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 15 & 4,80. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON CINEREUM R. Br. 

Emended synonymy: Leucocephala thacea Roxb., Hort. Beng. 
68, hyponym (181), Fl. Ind. 3: 613. 1632. Eriocaulon nitidum 
Buch.-Ham. ex Wall., Numer. List 207, no. 6073, hyponym. 1632. 
Eriocaulon tenue Buch.-Ham. ex Wall., Numer. List 207, no. 6073, 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae sS9 


hyponym. 1832. Eriocaulon sieboldtianum Sieb. & Zucc. ex Steud.,. 
Syn. Pl. Cyp. 2: 272. 1855. Eriocaulon se evar. & Kirn, 
Linnaea 27: 613. 1856. Eriocaulon sexangulare var. ® Ktrn., 
Linnaea 27: 613. 1856. Eriocaulon sexangulare var. Y KUrn., 
Linnaea 27: 613. 1856. Eriocaulon heteranthum Benth., Fl. Hong- 
kong 382. 1861. Eriocaulon sieboldianum Sieb, & Zucc. ex Jacks. 
in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 879. 1893. Eriocaulon 
stuhlmanni N. E. Br. in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 8: 255. 
1901. Eriocaulon formosanum Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 10: 9, 
fig. 27. 1921. Eriocaulon cinereum Merr. apud Satake, Rev. Jap. 
Eriocaul. 11, in syn. 1940. Eriocaulon sexangulare Mart. apud 
Satake, Rev. Jap. Eriocaul. 11, in syn. 190. Eriocaulon 
sieboldianum Steud. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 181, in syn. 

1949. Eriocaulon siebolotianum Sieb. & Zucc. apud Koyama, Phil- 
ip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 8h: 373, sphalm. 1955. Eriocaulon hexangu- 
lare Wall. ex Moldenke, Résumé 288, in syn. 1959. Eriocaulon 
sieboltianum Sieb, & Zucc. ex Moldenke, Résumé 292, in syn. 

1959, Eriocaulon setaceum Willd. ex Moldenke, Résum§ 292, in 
syn. 1959. Eriocaulon sexangulare Auct. ex Moldenke, Résumé 

292, in syn. 1959. Eriocaulon teme Hamilt. ex Moldenke, Résumé 
293, in syn. 1959. Eriocaulon quinquangulare var. % K&rn. ex 
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 18, in syn. 1959. Eriocaulon quin- 
quangulare — pusillum Ktrn. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 18, 

in syn. 1959. Eriocaulon setaceum Rottler ex Moldenke, Résumé 
Suppl. 2: 9, in syn. 1960. Eriocaulon cinerea S. & Z. ex Molden- 
ke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 31, in syn. 1962. Eriocaulon sieboldii S. & 
Z. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 32, in syn. 1962. Ericcaulon 
siiboldianum S. & Z. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 32, in syn. 
1962. Eriocaulon cinereum var. sieboldianum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Mu- 
rata ex Koyama in Kitamura, Murata, & Koyama, Col. Illustr. Herb. 
Pl. Japan 178--179, pl. 48, fig. 30h, text fig. 121 (1). 196h. 
Eriocaulon sieboldiamm Sieb. ex Sebastine & Ramamurthy, Bull. 
Bot. Surv. India 6: 162. 1966. Eriocaulon sieboldianum "Sieb. & 
Eng ex Steud." apud J. L. Ellis, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 339. 
1966. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 
130. 1910; F. M. Bailey, Compreh. Cat. Queensl. Pl. 58h. 1913; 
Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 23--27, 33, 35, 38, 0, 
hh, & 61. 196; Koyama, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 8h: 373. 1955; 
Masa Ikusi, Pollen Gr. Jap. 1956; E. H. Walker, Proc. 8th Pacif. 
Sei. Cong. : 06. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 32, 1, 159—161, 165, 
167, 169,171, 172, 17k, 176, 178, 181, 18h, 188, 190, 207, 208, 
287, 288, 290, 292, 293, 309, & 480. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Sup- 
pl. '1: 12 & 18 (1939), 2: 9 (1960), 3: 17, 18, 21, 31, & 32 
(1962), and h: 7. 1962; G. L. Shah, Bull. Bot. Surv. India }: 
237. 1962; Hatusima, Mem. South. Indust. Sci. Inst. Kagoshima 
Univ. 3 (2): 123. 1962; J. Joseph, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 297. 


4,60 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 6 


1963; Prain, Bengal Pl., ed. 2, 2: 848. 1963; Koyama in Kitamura, 
Murata, & Koyama, Col. Illustr. Herb, Pl. Japan 176-179, pl. 46, 
fig. 30h, text fig. 121 (1). 196; Bhattacharyya, Bull. Bot. 
Surv. India 6: 208. 196; Panigrahi, Chowdhury, Raju, & Deka, 
Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 260-~261. 1964; C. Me. & D. S. Patel, 
Vidya 7: [58)—-70, fig. 1--59. 196; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. li: 
6 (196) and 12: 9. 1965; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 182 & 
184. 1965; J. S. Beard, Descrip. Cat. W. Austr. Pl. 9. 1965; S. 
V. Ramaswami, Study Flow. Pl. Bangalore (thesis) 219--221 & 
1407. 1966; Subramanyam & Henry, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 21). 
1966; Sebastine & Ramamurthy, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 182. 
1966; Shinners, Sida 2: ll. 1966; Kral, Sida 2: 310—312 & 330. 
1966; J. L. Ellis, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 329 & 339. 1966; 
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: [1], 8, & 10 (1967) and 16: 9 & 21. 
1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 395. 1968. 

Recent collectors have found this plant growing in mud of 
dried ponds and paddy-fields, in rice fields, in open places by 
the sides of fields, and in drained rice paddies after the grain 
is harvested, at altitudes of 200—2000 meters, flowering in 
January, February, and August to November, fruiting in August 
and September. Raizada describes it as a "small herb in damp 
depressions" in Bashahr; Smitinand found it "common in wet lo- 
calities in savannas" in Thailand; Ellis says "marshy plants 
near fringes of puddles formed in rainy season of January to 
February" in Andhra Pradesh; Steward & Cheo say "cultivated in 
field" in Kwangsi, but surely they mean "in cultivated field"; 
Sebastine & Ramamurthy (1966) tell us that it is common in Mad- 
ras, citing their no. 1564). Bhattacharyya (1964) found it to 
be "common in marshy areas" in Uttar Pradesh; Joseph (1963) 
found it "common on riverbanks" in Madhya Pradesh; and Panigrahi 
and his associates (196) report it as "common" in Orissa. 
Prain (1963) assures us that in Bengal it is "In most of the 
provinces. A herb of rice-field and marshy ground". Ellis 
(1966) records it from Andhra Pradesh and cites no. 15788, while 
Subramanyam & Henry cite no. 18707 from Madhya Pradesh. Koyama 
(1955) cites Hayata s.n. from Annam and gives the over-all dis- 
tribution of the species as "Tonkin, Cochin-china, Philippines, 
Formosa, Liukiu, China, Japan, Malaysia, Africa, India". 

Kral (1966) describes the species as follows: "Solitary or in 
small tufts, the leaves narrow, linear-attenuate, to 9 cm. long, 
green, thin, tapering very gradually to a filiform tip. Scape 
of the sheath 2—l cm. long, definitely shorter than the leaves, 
scarious and bifid-acute above. Mature scape filiform, 15--30 
cm. long, slightly twisted, 6—8 ridged. Mature head subglobose 
to very broadly ovoid, about  m. broad, silvery-gray, sanewhat 
chaffy in appearance. Outer involucral bracts ranging from ob- 
ovate to lanceolate, ca. 2 mm. long, scarious, pale, the tips 
acute, often lacerate or erose. Receptacular bractlets linear- 
oblong, cae 2 mm. long, scarious, pale save for a grayish mid- 
region, the tips acute. Surface of the receptacle of the head 
with a few long, very slender, transparent, multicellular tri- 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 61 


chomes. Male flower: sepals united into a single spatulate, lus- 
trous, scarious, 3-lobed scale which is gray-translucent toward 
the apex, pale toward the clawed, tubular base, glabrous save for 
a few white, short—linear trichomes at or toward the tip. Petals 
3, joined into a yellowish tubular—clavate androphore ca. 2 m. 
long whose base is enveloped by the calyx tube and whose apex is 
divided into 3 small, scale-like, white-hairy (the hairs tapering) 
glanduliferous lobes . Central glands 3, white or yellowish-white. 
Stamens 6. Anthers broadly ellipsoidal, ca. 0.25 m. long, yel- 
low, on white filaments about as long as the corolla lobes. Fe- 
mate flowers: perianth consisting of 2 or 3 (if 3, ome much nar- 
rower and shorter) linear, flat, pale, translucent scales ca. 1.5 
mm. long whose margins or connivent, acute tips may bear a few 
multicellular clear trichomes. Gynophore at least 1 mm. long, 
usually somewhat longer, smooth. Gynoecium 3—carpellary; style 
branches 3. Seeds ovoid, slightly less than 0.5 mm. long, pale 
brown, reticulate, the rectangular compartments of the reticule 
oriented perpendicularly to the axis of the seeds." 

If it can be assumed that this description has been taken 
from the California specimen cited by this monographer, then it 
should be compared carefully with descriptions of the Old World 
material of E. cinereum. The California plant has quite a dif- 
ferent aspect from at least most of the Old World material and I 
am not at all sure that the California specimens are properly 
placed in this species. Kral goes on to say "“Adventive in rice 
paddies, Stanislaus County, California. Reported as native in 
northern Australia and in the rice growing regions of the south 
Pacific. I have so far examined only one U. S. collection of 
this species, the citation for it being: 'Krause rice fields, 
Modesto. Plants submersed except for upper part of flowering 
stems, Stanislaus County, California, Basil G. Markos, Sept. 18, 
1947!. I visited the rice areas around Modesto during the summer 
of 196), but was unable to find the plants." 

Vernacular names reported for the species are "hoshikusa" or 
"hoshi-kusa". Ruhland, on a label of Pringle 3855 in the Berlin 
herbarium, states that E, bilobatum Morong is probably conspecif- 
ic with this taxon. In this I cannot agree with him. The plate 
in Koyama's (196) work is in full color. 

Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria 
under the names E. dianae Fyson, E. merrillii Ruhl., E. minimum 


Lam., E. parvum Ktrn., mepeee sexangulare L., and E. truncatum Han- 
ilt., as well as "Eriocaulon sp." » “Eriocaulon | affine sexangula- 


ri L." [by Miquel], and even Xyris microcephala. 
On the other hand, the R. C. C. Ching 550 and Herb. Univ. Nan- 


king 8939, distributed as B cinereum, are actually E. buergeri- 
anum Ktrn., while Tanaka & Shimada 1357) is E. kiusianum Maxin., 
Stocks, Law, &. s.n. and | Wight 2366 2366 are E. Tedac tum Ruhl., 

Clemens & & Clemens . 3275 and Squires e591 are Ee robinsonii Moldenke, 
and J. Se Drummond | 15053 and Sauliére 71 are E. sollyanum Royle. 


Koelz z 19398 is am is a mixture with E. luzulaefolium Mart., E. oryze- 


462 y-H-t-t-O-bO'C Ta Vol. 17, no. 6 


torum Mart., and E, sollyanum Royle, and Dorsett & Morse 6328 is a 
mixture with something in the Cyperaceae. 
Additional citations: CALIFORNIA: Stanislaus Co.: Harkos s.n. 


(Modesto, Sept. 18, 197] (Ca--754280, Gg—341592). PAKISTAN: 
East Bengal: "Br. 6073a" (B); Griffith 5565 (S); Hooker & Thoason 
son. (Chittagong, 0-1000 ped.) (S). INDIA: Assam: Chand 2672 (ua (Mi). 
Bashahr: Raizada 19970 (Gg—398815). Bombay: Hohenacker 131bb (Ss, 
Ut—319). Kashmir: Polunin 381 (B); Re R. Stewart 3268 1/2 (c (Ca— 
322687). Madras: E. W. Erlanson 5652 (Mi); Herb. | Herb. Presid. Coll. 
Madras 5127 (S); Herb. Roth gen. [Trankenbar ] (B); Mace s.n. n. [Co- 
romandel] (B); Perrottet 1168 (V, V—96881). Mysore: S S. Ne Rama- 
swamy 2 (Ac), 3 (Ac), 1h (Rf), 15 (Rf), 31 (Ac), 1745 (hy); Gc. 
Thomson s.n. [Maisor & Carnatic] | (8). Pondichery: Lépine s.n. 
[Pondichery] (V--6092). Surguja: Koelz 19398, in part (Mi). West 
Bengal: Herb. Roth s.n. [Bengala] (B). State undetermined: Horne- 
mann s.n. . [ex Ind. orient.] (B); Rottler 17 [India orientalis] 
(S)5 Wight 2365 (B). CEYLON: Thwaites C.P. P.795 (B). CHINA: Fuki- 
en: H. H. Chung 257) (Ca—232825), 2599 (Ca—232907), 3842 (Ca— 
288515); Han 8347 (Ws). Kiangsi: Ip 14 [Herb. Univ. Nanking 
7649] (Ca—-259186). Kwangsi: R. Ce Ching 7263 (Ca--100L1); Ste- 
ward & Cheo 1097 (S). Kwangtung: BE. D. Merrill 10918 (Ca— 
300937); Tak & Chow s.n. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 14389] (Ca— 
319067). Kweichow: Y. Tsiang 7010 (Ca--503635), 70lla (S). 
CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: W W. Y. Chun s.n. [Herb. Univ. Nan- 
king 5795] (Ca); S. K. Lau 3061 (Bi, “S). Honam: E. D. Merrill 
98146 (Ca--29167). THAILAND: Hansen, Seidenfaden, | & . Smitinand 
10839 (Cp); Smitinand 5018 [Herb. Roy. Forest ect: 18585) (Gg); 
Vesterdal 465 (Cp). (Cp). INDOCHINA: Annam: Clemens & Clemens 3652 
(Ca—339257). Vietnam: BE. H. Walker 8019 (W-—-2395270). KOREA: 
Dorsett & Morse 6328, in part (Mi, S). WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: 
JAPAN: Honshu: Collector undesignated s.n. [Tokyo] (S); Furuse 
sen. [27 Sept. 1955) (S), SM~ [2 July 1956] (S), sen. [8 Oct. 
1959] (S); Eats 1621, (Go, N, S); Ito & Koyama 826 (B, Ca— 
55778, Go, Mg, N, S); Maximowicz s.n. [Yokohama, 1862] (S); Mura- 
ta 8342 (Ws), 1219) (ut—59776); Sug Sugimoto s.n. fasreehneey} ~(B)3 
Suzuki UG.439 (Ca--928743); Wichura 709 (B). FORMOSA: Faurie 796 
(V—-8309), sen. [22.6.09] (S) ; Herb. “Govt. Formosa 21620 (Ca— 
3uh141); Simada 430 (Ca—3h4948). PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: Lo- 
her 13901 ~ (Ca—2h2826) ; E. D. Merrill 293 (Ut—22)91); Me Ramos 

sen. . (Herb. Philip. Bur. , Seis 2,089) (Bi, Bi); Reillo 1276 (N). 
Island undetermined: Cuming 670 (V). INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA IS- 
LANDS: Java: Herb. Galathea d. sen. [Buitenzorg] (Cp); Mbller 
s.n. [Goenoeng Pautjar, 6.1897] (S, S). 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 463 


ERIOCAULON CIPOENSE Alv. Silv. 
Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Résumé 88 & 80. 1959. 
Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Silveira 343 (B— 
isotype, Z—isotype). 


ERIOCAULON COERULEUM Van Royen 

Bibliography: Van Royen, Blumea 10: 128. 1960; G. Taylor, Ind. 
Kew. Suppl. 13: 52. 1966. 

This species is said by Van Royen (1960) to be endemic to the 
island of Celebes. 


ERIOCAULON COLLETTII Hook. f. 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
139. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 165 & 1,80. 1959; Thanikaimoni, Pollen 
& Spores 7: 18). 1965. 


ERIOCAULON COLLINUM Hook. f. 

Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon luzulifolium Thwaites ex Mol- 
denke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 17, in syn. 1959. Eriocaulon collinium 
Hook, ex Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 18], sphalm. 19 

Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Dis— 
trib. Erioc. 23, 2h, 33, & 3h. 196; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. 
Brux. 27: 139--1)0. "1957; Moldenke, "Résumé 161 167, 287, 290, & 
480. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 17 (19595 and. 32°27. 1962; 
Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 18). 1965; Moldenke, Résum& 
Suppl. 1: 8. 1966; Subramanyam & Henry, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 
8: 21h. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 9. 1968. 

Thanikaimoni (1965) regards E. christopheri Fyson and E. oli- 
veri Fyson as synonyms of E. collinum. The name, E. luzulifolium 
Thwaites, is apparently based on Thwaites C.P.796 in the Berlin 
herbarium. 

Eriocaulon collinum has been found growing in meadows and old 
fields, at 6000 feet altitude, flowering in July and August. 
Chand describes it as 7 inches tall, while Koelz remarks “black, 
opening white" [for the floral heads?]. Subramanyam & Henry re- 
cord it from Madhya Pradesh and cite no. 12123. 

Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria 
under the names E. quinquangulare Mart., E. trilobum Ham., and 
E. 5-angulare Loree 

Additional citations: INDIA: Assam: Chand 7991 (Mi); Koelz 
23078 (Mi). Madras: Herb. Presid. Coll. Mad Madras as 7083 (S); Kofoed 

s.n. 3.n. (Ootacamund, Oct. 1903) (Cp). State undetermined: N. B. He E. He 
Bang 6 [9] (S); Wight s.n. [Ind. or.] (V—L132h, V--))13h5, a 
L1351, V-—-1353). CEYLON: G. Gardner 935 (B); Thwaites C.P.796 
(B, B)5 Walker 12 (B). MOUNTED LITERATURE: Ruhl. in Engl., 
Pflanzenreich (B). 


ERIOCAULON COMPRESSUM Lam. 
Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon halodes Beauv. ex Molden- 
ke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 17, in syn. 1965. Eriocaulon compressum 


64, PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 6 


(Huds.) Morong ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 2: 9, in syn. 1960. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Britton & Br., Ill. Fl., ed. 
1, 1: 372 & 602, fig. 900 (1896) and 3: 537. 1896; R. M. Harper, 
Ann, N. Y. Acad. Sci. 17: 267. 1906; Robins. & Fern. in A. Gray, 
New Man. Bot., ed. 7, 261 & 898. 1908; M. A. Day, Check List 39. 
1908; W. H. Br., Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 323. 1911; Uphof 
in Karst. & Schenck, Vegetationsbild. 21 (1-2): n.p. 1930; Mol- 
denke, N. Am. Fl. 19: 18 & 22—-23. 1937; Wells, Bot. Rev. 8: 537. 
1942; R. R. Tatnall, Fl. Del. 75. 1916; Moldenke, Known Geogr. 
Distrib. Erioc. [1]—3, 33, 35, & 56. 19146; Moldenke, Bull. Jard. 
Bot. Brux. 27: 140. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 7--12, 1), 23, 27, 
288, 320, 345, & 480. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 2 417 
(1959) and 2: 2 & 9. 1960; Fables, Bartonia 32: 9. 1961; Molden- 
ke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 2, 3, & 7 (1962) and : [1])—-3. 1962; Glea- 
son & Cronquist, Man. Vasc. Pl. 18). 1963; Montgomery & Fair- 
brothers, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 92 & 96. 1963; Melchior in 
Engl., Syllabus Pfl., ed. 12, 2: 556, fig. 2301 & k. 196; 

Kral, Sida 2: 299--302 & 331. 1966; Shinmers, Sida 2: jl. 1966; 
Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1): [1]. 1966; R. M. Harper, Castanea 
32: 17. 1967; Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 2 (1): 135 (1967) and 2 
(2): 659. 1967; L. S. Thamas, Pine Barrens 23. 1967; Justice & 
Bell, Wild Fls. N. C. 13 & 209. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 
16: 1. 1968. 

Additional illustrations: Melchior in Ingl., Syllabus Pfl., 
ed. 12, 2: fig. 230 i & k. 19643 Kral, Sida 2: 300. 1966; Jus- 
tice & Bell, Wild Fls. N. C. 13 [in color]. 1968. 

Recent collectors have found this plant growing in shallow 
peaty ephemeral bogs or ponds, cypress ponds in the pinebarrens, 
small cypress swamps, savannas, low pine savannas, swamps, 
creek edges, marshy borders of ponds, river bottoms, dry white 
sandy loblolly pine areas, bogs, pools, boggy savannas, pinebar-— 
rens, acid bogs in pinelands, sandy open bogs, Sarracenia sledgei 
bogs, cranberry bogs, sphagnous bogs, and cypress ponds. Redfearn 
& Kral say that it is "frequent in shallow water of cypress 

" and "frequent in shallow water of ponds" in Florida. 
Tatnall (1946) records it from the pinebarrens of Sussex and 
Wicomica Counties on the Delmarva Peninsula, flowering there 
from May to August. Harper says that it occupies the Lower Oli- 
gocene and the Altamaha Grit formations on the coastal plain of 
Georgia and records it from Berrien, Coffee, Irwin, Screven, 
Tattnall, and Wilcox Counties in that state. Fables (1961) 
states that it blooms earlier than E. decangulare L. in the New 
Jersey pinebarren bogs and swamps. 

Harper (1967) avers that he and Berry in the autum of 1910 
found this species in bloom at the mouth of the Yellow River in 
western Florida. It was high water at the time and the plants 
were submerged, with only the flower—heads above the water. He 
notes that this was surprising to him because he had thought 
that the species blooms only in the spring. Several years later, 
at time of low water, Godfrey found many of the basal leaf- 
rosettes at the spot, but no flowers. Brown (1911) shows that 
the texture of the substratum is more important to this species 


than water depth. 


Foldout in Book 


— 


~ Ae See ATAAMQANY SK ODAMAMN~AA 


or 


AanNMoNOH OBnNH EH WOH ND HEBER YP DHL 


14-7 PHYTOLOGIA 


Designed to expedite botanical publication 


Vol. 17 December, 1968 No. 5 
CONTENTS 
REED, C. F., Index Thelypteridis Supplement]... . . . . . .465 


RHYNE, C. F., & ROBINSON, H., Struveopsis, a new genus of 
ERA CHORE I Wits Sh Vee videstek eon Gs more Seah EOL 


MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. XVI. .473 


Index to authors in Volume Seventeen ........... . .506 

Index to supra-specific scientific names in Volume Seventeen . . 506 

Publication dates for Volume Seventeen .... .... +... 12 
¥ Erm: a 
lao KS 


JAN 45 1989 


2VU 


TWAS Weyrt) 


BOTANICAL GARDEN 
Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 


303 Parkside Road 
Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 
US. A: 


Price of this number, $1; per volume, $6.75 in advance, 
or $7 at close of volume plus postage K 


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INDEX THELYPTERIDIS 
Supplement I 


Clyde F. Reed* 


Shortly after the manuscript to INDEX THELYPTERIDIS had been 
sent to be published, several papers arrived from Dr. Kunio Iwat- 
suki whieh were not available to the author while preparing the 
index. Therefore, a few corrections are necessary and few more new 
combinations are to be made, 


Thelypteris crinipes (Hook.) K. Iwats., Journ. Jap. Bot., 38(10): 
315. 1963; Reed, Phytologie, 17(4): 269. 1968 Himalayas, SW 
China to N Thailand; Malacca. 

Th, cyrtomioides (C.Chr.) Reed, comb. nov. Basionym: Dryopteris 
stegnogramma var, cyrtomioides C.Chr., Acta Hort. Gothob., 

1: 5. 1924; Stegnogramma cyrtomioides (C.Chr.) Ching, Sinensia, 
7: 95. 1936; Icon, Fil. Sin., 5: pl. 231. 1958 (1959). South 
and Western China (Szechwan). 

Th. dictyoclinoides (Ching) Reed, comb. nov, Basionym: Stegno~ 
gramma dictyoclinoides Ching, Sinensia, 7: 92. 1936. Yunnan, 
Annam, Taiwan. 

Th, evoluta (Clarke) Tagawa et K. Iwats., Acia. Phytotax. Geobot., 
22(h=m6): 101. 1967; (Bedd.) Reed, Phytologia, 17(4): 276. 1968. 
Basionym: Nephrodium amboinense var. evolutum Clarke, Journ, 
Linn, Soc., 24: 417. 1888; N. evolutum Bedd,, Handb. Ferns Brit. 
India, Suppl., 76. 1892, Assam and North Thailand. 

Th, exseulpta (Baker) K.Iwats,, Acta Phytotax, Geobot., 21(5=6): 
170. 1965. Basionym: Acrostichum exsculptum Baker, Journ, Bot., 
26: 326, 1888, Borneo, Brunei. 

Th. griffithii (Moore) Reed, Phytclogia, 17(4): 280. 1968, Syno= 


nym: Stegnogramma griffithii (Moore) K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax. 
Geobot., 1904-6 }:117. 1963. ; 
Th, hirtisora (C.Chr.) K.Iwats., Journ, Jap. Bot., 38(10): 314. 


1963; Reed, Phytologia, 17(4): 283. 1968, Add: Upper Burma, 
Indochina, 

Th, interrupta (Willd.) K.Iwats., Journ. Jap. Bot., 38(10): 314. 
1963; Stone, Micronesica, 2: 3. 1966, Add: Thailand. 

Th. kingii Reed, nom, nov. Based on Stegnogramma leptogrammoides 
eee Acta Phytotax. Geobot., isUees 119, f. 17-18 1963. 


* Reed Herbarium, Baltimore, Maryland; Research Botanist and Plant 
Explorer for United States Department of Agriculture; Collaborator 
in Departmant of Botany, Smithsonian Institution. 

65 


466 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 7 


Thelypteris prolifera (Retz.) Reed, Phytologia, 17(4): 306. 1968, 
Add: Thailand, 

Th, rubra (Ching) K.Iwate., Journ. Jap, Bot., 38: 315, 1963, Add: 
Thailand, 

Th, rubra var. hirsuta (Ching) Tagawa et K.Iwats., The Southeast 
Asian Studies, 5(1): 70, 1967, Basionym: Abacopteris rubra var, 
hirsuta Ching, Bull. Fan Mem, Inst, Biol., 8: 248, 1938, China 
(Kwangtung) to Burma and northern Thailand. 

Th, siamensis Tagawa et K.Iwats,, Acta Phytotax, Geobot.,, 22(4-4): 
101-102, f. 5. 1967, Thailand (Loey). 

Th, stegnogramma (Blume) Reed, comb, nov, Basionym: Gymnograma 


stegnogramma Blume, Fl, Jav. Fil., 98, t. 44. 1829, Synonym: 
Gymnogramma aspidioides Hook, et Bauer, Gen, Fil., t. 120B, 


1841, non Kaulf, 1824, nec Desv, 1827, nee Blume 1828, Java, 
Borneo, Sumatra and Ceylon, 

Th, stegnogrammopsis Reed, nom, nov, Based on Dryopteris stemic 
gramma var, asplenioides C,Chr., Acta Hort. Gotheb., 1: 56. 
1924; Stegnogramma asplenioides J,Smith ex Ching, Sinensia, 

7: 9h. 1936; Icon, Fil. Sin., 5: pl. 232. 1958 (1959), Khasia, 
Sikkim, China (Szechwan), Assam, 

Th, subelata (Baker) K.Iwats., Journ. Jap. Bot., 39(10): 315. 
1963; Reed, Phytologia, 17(4): 317. 1968, Add: Thailand and 
Upper Burma, 

Th, sumatrana (v.A.v.R.) Tagawa et K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax, Geo~ 
bot., 22(4-6): 101. 1967; Reed, Phytologia, 17(4): 318. 1968. 

Th, valida (Christ) Tagawa et K.Iwats., Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 
22(4—6): 101. 1967; Reed, Phytologia, 17(4): 323. 1968, Basio~ 
nym: Dryopteris valida Christ, Journ. de Bot., 2le Annee, 

261. 1908, Add: Tonkin and northern Thailand, 


Bibliography 
Iwatsuki, Kunio Taxonomic Studies of Pteridophyta, VII. 9. A 
revision of the genus Stegnogramma emend, Acta Phytotax, Geo-= 
bot., 19(4=5): 112-126, f. 17-19. 1963. 
---- An American Species of Stegnogramma, Amer, Fern Journ., 


54(3): 141-143, 1964. 

---- On Hypodematium Kunze, Acta Phytotax, Geobot., 21(1-2): 
L3=5h, 5 figs. 19 e 

---- Ferns of Borneo, collected by M, Hirano and M, Hotta, 2. 
Thelypteris group. Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 21(5=6): 165172. 
1965. 


Reed, Clyde F, Index Thelypteridis., Phytologia, 17(4): 249= 
328. Oct. 18, 1968, 

Tagawa, Motozi and Kunio Iwatsuki Ferns of Borneo, Collected by 
M, Hirano and M, Hotta, 4. Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 22(3): 
87-94. 1966. 

-~-—- and New or Interesting Ferns from Thailand, I, Acta 
Phytotax, Geobot., 22(4-6): 97=103, f. 1-5. 1967. 

--—-- and =———- Enumeration of Thai Pteridophytes collected during 

1965-1966, The Southeast Asian Studies, 5(1): 23-120, 1967. 


STRUVEOPSIS, A NEW GENUS OF GREEN ALGAE 


Charles F. Rhyne & Harold Robinson 


Smithsonion Institution 
Washington, D.C. 


A new green algal genus, Struveopsis, is described to include 
two species with small stipitate fronds and retarded branch 
septation, S. chagoensis, a new species from the central Indian 
Ocean, and Cladophoropsis robusta from El Salvador and the Gulf 
of California. 


Attempts to determine recent collections from the island of 
Diego Garcia, Chagos Archipelago, have resulted in the discovery 
of a new species of Siphonocladalian algae having a long stipe 
cell, an upper blade-like portion branching in one plane, 
delayed division at the bases of branches, and no interconnecting 
tenaculae. The same combination of characters has been seen in 
a species from the west coast of Mexico, Cladophoropsis robusta. 
Comparison with related groups indicates that the two species 
are best placed in a new genus, Struveopsis. 


The taxonomic problem lies in a group of genera belonging by 
most recent treatments to the three families, Anadyomenaceae, 
Siphonocladaceae, and Boodleaceae, most of which have either a 
stipitate or blade-like branching structure. Two such genera, 
Willeella Bérg., 1930, in the Anadyomenaceae, and Ernodesmis 
Bérg., 1912, in the Siphonocladaceae, are readily distinguished 
by their lack of delayed division at the bases of branches, the 
smallest observable branches showing already a distinct cell 
wall separating them from the subtending cell. The latter 
genus, Ernodesmis, is also distinct by its branching being in no 
way restricted to one plane. Struvea Sonder, 1845, and Boodlea 
Murray & DeToni, 1889, both of the Boodleaceae, and Cladophor- 
opsis Bérg., 1905, and Apjohnia Harvey, 1855, both of the 
Siphonocladaceae, all have a type of branching where the lateral 
branches are usually long delayed in laying down basal dividing 
walls and where such walls are often formed somewhat out of 
place. Of these, Struvea and Boodlea are distinguished by 
having tenaculae that attach adjacent parts of the plant to each 
other. The mature parts of these two genera always show, to 
some extent, interconnections or anastomoses caused by these 
tenaculae. Most of these genera are reviewed in some detail by 
Egerod (1952). 

The genus Apjohnia possesses several characters in common 
with Struveopsis such as distal younger branches laying in one 
plane with retarded branch septation and a distinct stipe cell. 


467 


468 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 7 


Though branching in Apjohnia is largely in one plane, the branch- 
ing at the apex of the stipe cell is clearly verticillate. 
Marked annular constrictions are also a distinctive feature of 
Apjohnia, Harvey (1855, 1858), Agardh (1887), and DeToni (1889) 
all related Apjohnia to Chamaedoris because of the evident 
annular constrictions in the stipe. DeToni combined the two in 
a tribe Apjohnieae of his family Cladophoraceae, subfamily 
Valonieae. The basic verticillate manner of branching in the 
initial phases of Apjohnia is reminiscent of the cup-shaped 
capitulum development in Chamaedoris. 


The genus Cladophoropsis serves as an interesting comparison 
of a less organized plant. Careful observation of Cladophor- 
opsis membranacea, the type of the genus, indicates some 
organization of mature plants, but far short of the blade-like 
form seen in Struveopsis. Plants of C. membranacea often exhibit 
long areas without cell walls, but these are not differentiated 
as distinct stipe cells. There are branches formed in a comb- 
like series, but these are only one branch per cell, and they 
tend to lie slightly out oi plane. In the best developed material 
the branches seem to alternate in lying in two planes slightly 
offset from each other. Whenever branching of a second order 
occurs, there is not necessarily any correlation with the branch- 
ing plane of the first order. On the basis of the type species, 
Cladophoropsis can be distinguished from Struveopsis by the lack 
of a stipe cell, of a distinct blade-like structure, and by the 
lack of pairs of branches from individual cells. Though we have 
seen no material, an illustration (Womersley, 1955) shows a few 
paired branches in C. magnus. Still, the plant seems compara- 
tively unorganized in its structure and to be related to 
C. membranacea. 


The characters and composition of Struveopsis are as follows. 


Struveopsis Rhyne & H. Robinson, gen. nov. 
Siphonocladaceae 


Plantae frondosae parvae; frondibus laxe subpinnatis, stipi- 
tatis, haud tenaculatis; rami plerumque bini, non plus numerosi; 
septis basilaribus ramorum retardatis; cellulae non annulatae. 


Including two species of which Struveopsis chagoensis n. sp. 
is type. - 


The delayed formation of cell walls at the bases of branches 
seems to be usually associated with the phenomenon called 
segregative division. In segregative division the protoplasts 
divide and separate and then grow together again forming a wall. 
The rounded units of protoplasm seen in Struveopsis chagoensis 
(fig. 3) seem to agree with those illustrated by Bérgesen (1913, 
p. 44, fig. 29) and to represent true segregative division. 


1968 Rhyne & Robinson, Struveopsis 69 
Key to the species of Struveopsis 


Apical cells rather pointed; cells of main axes often with 
bulbose enlargements near the upper ends, branching 
angle ca. 30° (Central Indian Ocean) .... . .S. chagoensis 


Apical cells with broadly rounded tips; cells of main axes 
without bulbose enlargements, branching angle 45° or more 
(Pacific coast of Mexico and Central America) . . . 5. robusta 


Struveopsis chagoensis Rhyne & H. Robinson, sp. nov. 


Plantae frondosae parvae; frondibus laxe subpinnatis, stipi- 
tatis, haud tenaculatis; septis basilaribus ramorum retardatis; 
cellulis veterioribus interdum in parte superiore inflatis. 


Plants frondose, laxly bipinnate, to 2.75 cm high; basal 
portion of creeping rhizoids with occasional septations; stipe 
cell erect, rather clavate, 0.7-1.0 cm long, to 275 uw diam. near 
the base, to 450 » diam. just below the first branches; branches 
in one plane, regularly pinnate, forming open blade-like 
structure, branches usually arising at angles of less than 30°, 
ultimate branches up to 2.5 mm long, 200-275 y, diam., with apices 
very narrowly rounded, larger branches up to 325 yu diam.; larger 
cells often with distinct swollen rather bulbose enlargements 
near upper ends immediately below branch origin or rarely in 
cells that lack branches. 


Specimens examined: Central Indian Ocean: Diego Garcia atoll, 
lagoon side of West Island, in shallow Cymodocea bed in 0.3-0.7 m 
of water, epiphytic upon Cymodocea, 16 June 1967, Rhyne 421, with 
wet material (holotype-US) ; same habitat, infrequent as epiphyte, 
22 June 1967, Rhyne 450 (US). 


The enlargements seen in some cells of the plant seem quite 
distinctive, and they are in no way comparable to the annulations 
in Apjohnia. The former are actual enlargements that are located 
near the upper ends of the cells, while the latter seem to be the 
result of constrictions and are located in the lower ends of the 
cells. There were small rhomboid crystals observed in the center 
of some of the enlargements, but the significance of these is not 
known. 


The plants of 5. chagoensis have a strong superficial resemb- 
lance to various species of Struvea, especially some material 
seen of S. orientalis Gepp & Gepp from the island of Aldabra. The 
latter material was relatively immature and had less highly 
developed tenaculae, however, with careful examination, some 
tenaculae could be demonstrated in all parts of the plant. 


4,70 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 7 


Struveopsis robusta (Setchell & Gardner) Rhyne & H. Robinson, 
comb. nov. 
Cladophoropsis robusta Setchell & Gardner, Calif. Acad. Sci., 
BeGC. BV, Act fib, DiLGdoy. Fie. 16a 2924, 
Willeella mexicana Dawson, Amer. Jour. Bot. 37: 151, fig. ll. 
1950. 


Plants with small fronds arising in dense tufts, up to 2.5 cm 
long, 350-500 » diam. near upper end, sparsely forked at base and 
attached by numerous rhizoidal filaments, branching above into a 
small pinnate to bipinnate blade-like structure; branches usually 
in pairs, usually diverging at 45° or more, 250-400 » diam.; 
apical cells with broadly rounded tips. 


Specimens examined: Mexico: Gulf of California, Punta Aguja, 
Bahia Conception, 26 March 1949, Dawson 7102 (US); Puerto 
Escondido, 18 March 1949, Dawson 7148 (US). El Salvador: Gulfo 
de Fonseca, Meanguera Island, 7 September 1960, Dawson 21898a, 
with wet material (US). 


The species was originally distinguished in the genus 
Cladophoropsis by the large diameter (up to 1.1 mm in dry material) 
and the great length of segments between the branches (Setchell 
and Gardner, 1924). Dawson (1950) described Willeella mexicana 
from material showing much more highly developed blade structure. 
Later, Dawson (1959) recognized the identity of his collections as 
more mature specimens of Cladophoropsis robusta. 


We wish to acknowledge the many important suggestions of Dr. 
Max H. Hommersand of the University of North Carolina, and we 
appreciate the cooperation of Dr. C. J. Dawes of the University of 
South Florida in furnishing wet material of Apjohnia laetevirens 
and indicating some significant results of his investigations. 


Literature Cited 


Agardh, J. G. 1887. Till algernes systematik, Nya Bidrag, Femte 
Afd. Lunds Univ. &rsskr. 23: 1-174, 5 pls. 

Bérgesen, F. 1905. Contributions & la connaissance du genre 
Siphonocladus Schmitz. Overs. K. Danske Vidensk. Selsk., 
Forhandl. 1905: 259-291. 

- 1912. Some Chlorophyceae from the Danish West Indies. 

Bou. THidsskees, 21. 322 241-278, figs..2-17. 

1913. The marine algae of the Danish West Indies. Pt. I. 

Chlorophyceae. Dansk Bot. Arkiv. 1(4): 1-158, 2 maps. 

1930. Some Indian green and brown algae especially from 

the shores of the Presidency of Bombay. Indian Bot. Soc. Jour. 

9: Lali pls. 


1968 Rhyne & Robinson, Struveopsis 471 


Dawson, E. Y. 1950. Notes on Pacific Coast marine algae, IV. 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 37(2): 149-158, figs. 1-29. 

. 1959. Marine algae from the 1958 cruise of the Stella 
Polaris in the Gulf of California. los Angeles County 
Museum Contr. Sci. 27: 1-39. 

DeToni, G. B. 1889. Sylloge algarum. I. Sylloge Chlorophycearum. 
1(1): 1-389. Padua. 

Egerod, L. 1952. An analysis of the siphonous Chlorophycophyta, 
with special reference to the Siphonocladales, Siphonales, and 
Dasycladales of Hawaii. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 25(5): 325- 
454, 14 pls. 

Harvey, W. H. 1855. Short characters of some new genera and 
species of algae discovered on the coast of the colony of 
Victoria, Australia. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 15:°332-336. 

. 1858. Phycologia Australica. 1: 1-11, 60 pls. London. 

Murray, G. & G. B. DeToni. 1889. On a new genus of Chlorophyceae, 
Boodlea. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 25: 243-245. 

Setchell, W. A. and N. L. Gardner. 1924. The marine algae. 
Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of 
California in 1921. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. IV. 12: 695-949, 
tt pXs: 

Sonder, G. 0. 1845. Nova algarum genera et species, quas in 
itinere ad oras occidentales Novae Hollandiae collegit L. Preiss. 
Bot. Zeit. 3: 49-57. 

Womersley, H. B. S. 1955. New marine Chlorophyta from Southern 
Australia. Proc. Sci. 9(4): 387-395. 


472 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 7 


ME 


ee — S00, —od 


Fig. 1-3: Struveopsis chagoensis, new species; 1: Habit. 
2: Detail of branching. 3: Detail showing segregative 
division. - 


ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. XVI 
Harold N. Moldenke 


A considerable quantity of notes and herbarium material has come 
to my attention since the previous installments in this series 
were prepared. It seems worthwhile to place this information on 
record in these series of notes for the benefit of future workers 
on this group. 


ERIOCAULACEAE Lindl. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Petiv., Gaz. Nat. 10, pl. 6, 
fig. 2. 1702; J. E. Sm. in Rees, Cycl. 13. 1809; S. Ell., Sketch 
Bot. 2: 564-~567. 182); Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, sér. 1, 13: 
4S—-47, pl. 5. 1828; Raf., Atl. Journ., pr. 1, 121. 1832; Colla, 
Herb. Pedem. 483—L5h. 1836; Raf., Autikon Bot., pr. 1, 188-~-189. 
1840; Benth., Pl. Hartw. 28, 180; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 
585. 18,0; Ge Gardn,. in Hook. ives Icon. Pl. 6 [new Sere, 2]: pl. 
525. 1843; Schlecht., Linnaea 18: 34—36. 1844; W. Griff., 
Notul. 3: 112--122, pl. 159. 1851; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 259— 
334, 340, 342, & 347. 1855; F. Muell., Fragm. 1: 92-96. 1859; 
KOrn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): [271]—508, pl. 38-62. 1863; 
Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., pr. 1, 526. 186; Sauv., Fl. Cub. 
162. 1868; Je Ge Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 20: 277=— 
279. 18833 S. Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 20. 1887; Wawra, Itin. 
Princ. S. Coburg 2: 96. 1388; F. Muell., Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. 
Wales, ser. 2, 5: 250. 18903; Engl., Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 
1891: 154. 1892; Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mex., ed. 1 [La Naturaleza, 
ser. 2, 2: App. 2], 17. 1893; Engl., Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 
1894: 14. 1894; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. l, 

2: 681 & 1283. 1895; Engl., Pflanzen. Ost-Afr. C: 133. 1895; 
Schinz, Bull. Herd. Boiss., ser. 1, h, App. 3: 35~ 1896; N. E. 
Br. in Thisel.-Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: Bie=55. 1897; Schinz, Mém. Herb. 
Boiss. 10: 76. 1900; Britten, Journ. Bot. 38: 481—}83. 1900; 
Pilg. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 30: 1)6—1)7. 1901; Durand & Jacks., 
Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 158. 1902; Thiselt.—Dyer, Ind. Kew, 
Suppl. 2: 70 & 203. 190; Rendle, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. 37: 
475. 1906; Beauverd, Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 8: 283, fig. 9A. 
1908; H. Lecomte, Journ. de Bot. 21: 89 & [101]--109. 1908; Alv. 
Silv., Fl. Serr. Min. 33—~3. 1908; H. Lecomte, Bull. Soc. Bot. 
France 55: 571--573 (1908) and 55: 643-648. 1909; Druce, Pharm. 
Journ. 29: 700. 1909; Beauverd, Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 8: 
986—-988. 1909; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 5: 3%. 
1910; Nakai in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 466. 1911; A. Chiov., 
Ann. Bot. Rana 9: ly e 1911; Nakai, Bull. Géogr. Bot. 21: 139. 
1911; H. Lecomte, Not. Syst. 2: 215. 1912; Prain, Ind. Kew. 
Suppl. 4, pr. 1, 82. 1913; H. Lecomte, Not. Syst. 2: 380. 1913; 
Nakai in Matsumura, Icon. Pl. Koisikav. 1: 157, pl. 79 (1913) 
and 2: 35.7, pl. 102—~108. ey Koidz., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 28: 

73 


474 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 7 


171. 1914; Guillaumin & Beauvis., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 38: 0. 
1914; Fyson, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1914: 330--331. 191k; E. D. 
Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 10: 290. 1915; H. N. Ridl., Journ. 
Fed. Malay States Mus. 6: 191. 1915; Komarov, Bull. Jard. Bot. 
Pétersb. 16: 156. 1916; He. Ne Ridl., Trans. Linn, Soc. Lond. Bot. 
9: 240. 1916; R. E. Fries, Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo- 
Exped, 1911-12 1: 218. 1916; Ewart & Cookson in Ewart & Davies, 
Fl. N. Terr. 67. 19173 Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 31: 976 1917; Ne Le 
Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club ll: 31—32. 1917; C. H. Wright, 
Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1919: 264. 1919; H. N. Ridl., Journ. Fed. 
Malay States Mus. 10: 155. 1920; Hand.-Mazz., Anz. Akad. Wiss. 
Wien 57: 238. 1920; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 97. 1921; 
Rendle, Journ. Lim. Soc. Lond. Bot. 45: 259. 1921; Dinter in 
Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 260. 1921; Haines, Bot. Bihar & Or- 
issa 6: 1066—1071. 192h; H. N. Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 5: 133— 
13%. 1925; Kudo, Jap. Journ. Bot. 2: 248. 1925; Mak., Journ, Jap. 
Bot. 3: 26. 1926; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 78—79. 1926; 
Miyabe & Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 2: 479. 1928; Honda, Bot. Mag. 
Tokyo 42: 507. 1928; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 88-89. 
1929; Cs Ee Ce. Fischer, Kew, Bull. Misc. Inf. 1930: 159-161. 
1930; Markttter, Ann. Univ. Stellenb. 8A (1): 10. 1930; Ohmi, 
Bot. Mag. Tokyo hh: 566—-567 (1930) and 45: 196 & 389. 191; 
Honda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 5: 299. 1931; C. E. C. Fischer, Kew 
Bull. Misc. Inf. 1931: 261. 1931; C. E. C. Fischer in Gable, 
Fl. Presid. Madras 9: 1607--1620. 1931; Bullock, Kew Bull. Misc. 
Inf. 1932: 507. 1932; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 87. 1933; 
Masamune, Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. ll, Bot. 4: 536— 
538. 193k; Wang & Tang, Contrib. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad, Peiping 
2: 133. 1934; C. E. C. Fischer, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1935: 159. 
1935; Malme, Arkiv Bot. Stockh. 26A, 9: 8. 1935; Hand.-ilazz., 
Symb. Sin. 7: 126. 1936; P. C. Standl., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 
12: 90. 1936; Hand.-Mazz., Sinensia 7: 619. 1936; Satake, Bot. 
Mag. Tokyo 51: 285--291. 1937; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. , pr. 2, 
82. 1938; Satake in Nakai, Icon. Pl. As. Oriat. 2: 175. 1938; 
Satake & Hara, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 52: 00. 1938; A. W. Hill, Ind. 
Kew. Suppl. 9: 105. 1938; Milne-Redhead in Hook., Icon. Pl. 3y: 
pl. 3388 & 3389. 19393; Satake, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. : [Rev. 
Jap. Erioc.] 1—[{74], pl. 1—12. 190; Durand & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 158. 191; Miyabe & Satake, Acta Phytotax. 
& Geobot. Kyoto 13: 280. 193; Masamune, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. 
Taiwan 33: 13 & 25—-26. 1943; Raf., Autikon Bot., pr. 2, 188 & 
189. 19433; Castell. in Descole, Gen. & Sp. Pl. Argent. 3: 83— 
88, pl. 17. 1945; Leén, Fl. Cuba 1: 278—28h. 1946; Abbiatti, 
Revist. Mus. La Plata, new sere, Bot. 6: 323—3)1, pl. 2 Qi, 
fig. h (d) & 6. 1946; Raf., Atl. Journ., pr. 2, 121. 196; 
Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877--880 
(1946) and 2: 681 & 1283, 1946; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 
10: 86. 1947; Meikle, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 198: 472 (1949) and 
1950: 231. 1950; Suesseng. & Heine, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. 
Mttnchen 2: 57. 1950; E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. ll: 88. 
1953; Koyama, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 8h: 369--371. 1956; J. N. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulacese 75 


Mishra, Mycologia 8: 07--)09, fig. 1 d—f. 1956; Bourdu, Bull. 
Soc. Bot. France 10: 156. 19573; H. Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. Bot. 
Gesell. 67: 8). 1957; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 
158. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 55. 1959; Jacks. in 
Hook. f£.& Jacks., Ind. Kew., pre 3\- 1s 877880 (1960) amd 2: 
681 & 1283. 19603; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 2, 97. 1960; 
Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., pr. 2, 526. 1963; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. 
Suppl. 133 52. 1966; Le O. Williams, Fieldiana Bot. 313 255-256. 
1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 50-6. 1968; D. Walker, Journ. 
Ecol. [Brit.] 56: 451. 1968. 

Jackson (1893) consistently cites Ktrnicke's monograph of 
this group in Limnaea, volume 27, as 185)", but the evidence 
seems to indicate that it was not issued until April, 1856. 


ERIOCAULON Gron. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Petiv., Gaz. Nat. 10, pl. 
6, fig. 2. 1702; J. E. Sm. in Rees, Cycl. 13. 1809; S. Ell., 
Sketch Bot. 2: 564—-567. 1824; Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, sér. 
1, 13: 45—l7, pl. 5. 1828; Colla, Herb. Pedem. 83-8). 1836; 
Raf., Autikon Bot., pr. 1, 188-—189. 180; Benth., Pl. Hartw. 28. 
1840; G. Gardn. in Hook. f., Icon. Pl. 6 [new ser., 2]: pl. 525. 
1843; Schlecht., Linnaesa 18: 3436. 18h); W. Griff., Notul. 
3: 112-122, pl. 159. 1851; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 259-268. 
1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2 (Cyp.): 261, 268—283, 332—33h, 
& 342. 1855; F. Muell., Fragm. 1: 92--96. 1859; Griseb., Fl. Brit. 
W. Ind., pr. 1, 526. 186k; Sauv., Fl. Cub. 162. 1868; J. G. Ba- 
ker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 20: 277-278. 1883; S. Wats., 
Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 20. 1887; Wawra, Itin. Princ. S. Coburg 2: 
96. 1888; Ingl., Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 1891: 154. 1892; F. 
Muell., Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales, ser. 2, 5: 250. 1890; 
Sessé & Moc., Fl. Mex., ed. 1 [La Naturaleza, ser. 2, 2: App. 2], 
17. 18933 Engl., Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 189: 1). 189k; Jacks. 
in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 681 & 1283. 1895; 
Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 133. 1895; Schinz, Bull. Herb. 
Boiss., sér. 1, h, App. 3: 35. 1896; N. E. Br. in Thiselt.-Dyer, 
Fi. Cap. iis Su--55. 1897; Britten, Journ. Bot. 38: 481—83. 
1900; Schinz, Mém. Herb. Boiss. 10: 76. 1900; Pilg. in mmgl., Bot. 
Jahrb. 30: 146—-1)7. 1901; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, 
pr. 1, 158. 1902; Thiselt.—Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 70 & 203. 
1904; Rendle, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 37: 475. 1906; Beau- 
verd, Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 8: 283, fig. 9A. 1903; H. Le- 
comte, Journ. de Bot. 21: 89 & [101]—109. 1908; Alv. Silv., Fl. 
Serr. Min. 33—3. 1908; H. Lecomte, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 
571—573 (1908) and 55: 643-648. 1909; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 
3: 69—70. 1908; Druce, Pharm. J e 29: 700. 1909; Beauverd, 
Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 8: 986—988. 1909; E. D. Merr., 
Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 5: 336. 1910; Nakai in Fedde, Repert. 
Sp. Nov. 9: 66. 1911; A. Chiov., Ann. Bot. Rama 9: 148. 1911; 
Nakai, Bull. Géogr. Bot. 21: 139. 19113 H. Lecomte, Not. Syst. 
2: 215. 1912; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr. 1, 82. 1913; H. Le- 
comte, Not. Syst. 2: 380. 1913; Nakai in Matsumura, Icon. Pl. 


76 Parle O Ors aie Vol. 17, no. 7 


Koisikav. 1: 157, pl. 79 (1913) and 2: 35—-l\7, pl. 102--108. 
1914; Koidz., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 28: 171. 1914; Guillaumin & Beau- 
vis., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 38: )O. 1914; Fyson, Kew Bull. Misc. 
Inf. 1914: 330--331. 19143; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 
10: 290. 1915; H. N. Ridl., Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus. 6: 191. 
1915; Komarov, Bull. Jard. Bot. Pétersb. lo: 156. 1916; H. N. 
Ridl., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 9: 240. 1916; R. E. Fries, 
Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo-Exped. 1911-12 1: 218. 1916; 
Ewart & Cookson in Ewart & Davies, Fl. N. Terr. 67. 1917; Nakai, 
Bot. Mag. Tokyo 31: 97. 1917; N. L. Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. 
Club lj: 31--32. 1917; C. H. Wright, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1919: 
264. 1919; H. N. Ridl., Journ. Fed. Malay States Mus. 10: 155. 
1920; Hand.-Mazz., Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 57: 238. 19203 Prain, 
Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 2, 97. 19213 Rendle, Journ. Linn. Soc. 
Lond. Bot. 45: 259. 1921; Dinter in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 
260. 1921; Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa 6: 1066-—-1071. 192h; Her- 
zog in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 20: 82-88. 192); Ruhl. in Fedde, 
Repert. Sp. Nov. 22: 29—-35. 1925; Kudo, Jap. Journ. Bot. 2: 
248. 1925; Mak., Journ. Jap. Bot. 3: 26. 1926; A. W. Hill, Ind. 
Kew, Suppl. 6: 78-79. 1926; Miyabe & Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 2: 
479. 1928; Honda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 42: 507. 1928; A. W. Hill, Ind. 
Kew, Suppl. 7: g6—89. 1929; C. E. C. Fischer, Kew Bull. Misc. 
Inf. 1930: 159-161. 1930; Mark&tter, Ann. Univ. Stellenb. 8A 
(1): 10. 1930; Ohwi, Bot. Mag. Tokyo hl: 566—567 (1930) and 5: 
196 & 389. 1931; Honda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 5: 299. 1931; C. E. C. 
Fischer, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1931: 261. 1931; Herzog in Fedde, 
Repert. Sp. Nov. 29: 202213. 1931; C. E. C. Fischer in Gamble, 
Fl. Presid. Madras 9: 1607—1619. 1931; Bullock, Kew Bull, Misc. 
Inf. 1932: 507. 1932; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 87. 1933; 
Arwidsson, Bot. Notiser 193): 83-87. 193; Wang & Tang, Contrib. 
Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2: 133. 193; Herter, Rev. Sudam. 
Bot. 2: 125. 19353; C. E. C. Fischer, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1935: 
159. 1935; Malme, Arkiv Bot. Stockh. 26A, 9: 8. 1935; Hand.- 
Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1216. 1936; Pe C. Standl., Field Mus. Publ. 
Bot. 12: 90. 19363 Hand.-Mazz., Sinensia 7: 619. 1936; Prain, 
Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr. 2, 82. 1938; Satake in Nakai, Icon. Pl. 
As. Orient. 2: 175. 1938; Satake & Hara, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 52: 
00. 1938; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 105. 1938; Milne 
Redhead in Hooke, Icons. Pl. 3h: pl. 3388 & 3389. 19393 Satake, 
Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. h: (Rev. Jap. Erioc.}] 1—[7], pl. 1—12. 
1940; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 158. 19); 
Miyabe & Satake, Acta Phytotax. & Geobot. Kyoto 13: 280. 1913; 
Masamune, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 33: 13 & 25——26. 193; 
Castell. in Descole, Gen. & Sp. Pl. Argent. 3: 83—88, pl. 17. 
1945; Le6én, Fl. Cuba 1: 279—281. 196; Abbiatti, Revist. Mus. 
La Plata, new ser., Bot. 6: 323--3\1, pl. 2 (1), fig. k (da) & 
6. 1946; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877— 
880 (19h6) and 2: 681 & 1283. 196; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. 
Suppl. 10: 86. 1947; Meikle, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 198: 72 
(1949) and 1950: 231. 1950; Suesseng. & Heine, Mitt. Bot. Staats- 
samml, Mttnchen 2: 57. 1950; E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 
88. 1953; Koyama, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 8h: 369-371. 1956; 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 477 


J. N. Mishra, Mycologia 48: 407—l09, fig. 1 d—f. 1956; Bourdu, 
Bull. Soc. Bot. France 10h: 156. 1957; H. Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. 
Bot. Gesell. 67: 8h. 1957; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, 
pr. 3, 158. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 55. 1959; Jacks. 
in Hook. f. & JackSe, Ind. Kew., pre 35 die 877-—880 (1960) and 
2: 681 & 1283. 1960; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 2, 97. 1960; 
Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., pr. 2, 526. 1963; G. Taylor, Ind. 
Kew. Suppl. 13: 52. 1966; L. 0. Williams, Fieldiana Bot. 31: 255- 
256. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 50—l6. 1968; D. Walker, 
Journ. Ecol. [Brit.] 56: 451. 1968. 

Jackson (1893) consistently cites Ktrmicke's monograph of 
this gems in Linnaea, volume 27, as "185", but the evidence 
seems to indicate that it was not issued until April of 1856. 


ERIOCAULON ABYSSINICUM Hochst. 

Additional bibliography: Hochst., Flora 28: 31. 185; Jacks. 
in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877. 1893; Ruhl. in 
Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (lj-30): 261, 282, & 28h. 1903; Jacks. in 
Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877 (1946) and pr. 3, 1: 
877. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 450. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON ACANTHOCEPHALUM Griff. 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon acanthocephalus Griff., Notul. 3: 118, 
sphalm. 1851. 

Bibliography: W. Griff., Notul. 3: 116-118. 1851. 

Nothing is known to me about this taxon except the detached 
characters mentioned by Griffith. The binomial has never been 
recorded in the Index Kewensis or any of its supplements to date. 


ERIOCAULON ACHITON Ktrn. 

Additional bibliography: Ktrn., Linnaea 27: 630. 1854; Jacks. 
in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877. 1893; Ruhl. in 
Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (~30): 13, 103, 111, & 284. 19033 H. 
Lecomte, Journ. de Bot. 21: 108. 1908; Haines, Bot. Bihar & Or- 
issa 6: 1067 & 1070--1071. 192; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., 
Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877 (196) and pr. 3, 1: 877. 1960; Molden- 
ke, Phytologia 17: 450. 1968. 

Jackson (1893) reduces this taxon to synonymy under E. nigri- 
cans R. Br., but the latter is now itself reduced to synonymy 
under E. pygnaeum Soland. The specific epithet of E. achiton 
is sometimes written with its initial letter uppercased for no 
valid reason. The C. B. Clarke 16101, distributed as E, achiton, 


is actually E. gregatum Ktrn. 


ERIOCAULON ADAMESII Meikle 

Additional bibliography: Meikle, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 198: 
472. 1949; E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 88. 1953; Molden- 
ke, Phytologia 17: 38h. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON AEQUINOCTIALE Ruhl. 
Additional bibliography: Ruhl, in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h- 


478 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 7 


30): 42, 47, & 284. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 69. 1906; 
Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 384. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON AFRICANUM Hochst. 

Additional bibliography: Hochst., Flora 28: 30. 185; Jacks. 
in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877. 1893; Ruhl. in 
Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 61, 69, & 284. 19033 Jacks. in 
Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877 (1946) and pr. 3, 1: 
877. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 36. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON AFZELIANUM Wikstr. 

Emended synonymy: Eriocaulon kouroussense H. Lecomte, Bull. 
Soc. Bot. France 55: 6h. 1909. 

Additional bibliography: Ktrn., Linnaea 27: 680. 1856; Jacks. 
in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877. 1893; Ruhl. in 
Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 63, 83, & 26h. 1903; H. Lecomte, 
Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 6hl—6)5. 1909; Prain, Ind. Kew. 
Suppl. h, pr. 1, 82 (1913) and pr. 2, 82. 1938; Jacks. in Hook. 
f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, l: 877 (1946) and pr. 3, 1: 877. 
1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 38)-~385. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON ALATUM H. Lecomte 

Additional bibliography: H. Lecamte, Journ. de Bot. 21: 102 & 
104-105, fig. 2. 1908; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. lh, pr. 1, 82 
(1913) and pr. 2, 82. 1938; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 385. 1968. 
erg ne H. Lecomte, Journ. de Bot. 21: 105, fig. 2. 
1908. 


ERIOCAULON ALLEIZETTEI Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 55. 
1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 385. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON ALPESTRE Hook. f£. & Thoms. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks, 
Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877. 1893; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 
1, pr. 1, 158. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 

65, 95-96, & 28h. 1903; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, 

pr. 2, 158. 191; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 
1: 877. 1946; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 158. 
1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 877. 
1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 450. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON ALPINUM Van Royen 
Bibliography: D. Walker, Journ. Ecol. [Brit.] 56: 51. 1968. 
Nothing is known to me about this taxon. 


ERIOCAULON ALTOGIBBOSUM Ruhl. 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon alto-gibbosum Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- 
reich 13 (4-30): 16, 5h, & 264. 1903. 

Additional bibliography: Pilg. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 30: 146. 
1901; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 18, 43, 5h, & 28h. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 79 


ane Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 69. 1908; Moldenke, Phytologia 

“The index to Ruhland's monograph (1903) cites this species to 
page "6," instead of to 54. Consultation of the original publica- 
tion reveals that I have been in error in writing the specific 
epithet of this taxon with a hyphen in my previous publications 
and annotation of specimens. It was originally proposed without 
the hyphen. 


ERIOCAULON AMANOANUM Koyama 
Additional bibliography: G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: 52. 
1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 387. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON AMBOENSE Schinz 

Additional & emended bibliography: Schinz, Bull. Herb. Boiss., 
sér. 1, 4, app. 3: 35. 18963 Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 
(y=30): 112 & 28h. 1903; Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 70. 
190k; H. Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. Bot. Gesell. 65: 160-~16l, 
fig. 1, & 176-178, pl. 9, fig. 3. 19553 Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 
450. 1968. 

Illustrations: H. Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. Bot. Gesell. 65: 
160, fig. 1, & pl. 9, fig. 3. 1955. 

Hess (1985) tells us, among other things, that this species 
often grows in association with E. gilgianum Ruhl. The type is 
Schinz 859. 


ERIOCAULON AMPHIBIUM Rendle 
Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr.1, 82 
(1913) and pr. 2, 82. 1938; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 387. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON ANDONGENSE Welw. 

Additional bibliography: Rendle, Cat. Welw. Afr. Pl. 2: 100. 
1899; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (-30): 66, 101, & 284. 
1903; Thiselton-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 70. 190k; H. Lecomte, 
eer an Bot. France 55: 647. 1909; Moldenke, Phytologia ay: 

7. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Ktrn. 

Additional bibliography: Ktrn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 
h94—96. 1863; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1 
1: 877. 1893; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): h2, 49; 
57, & 28h. 1903; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 
1: 877 Oe) 8 and pr. 3, 1: 877. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 


ERIOCAULON ANGUSTISEPALUM H. Hess 

Additional & emended bibliography: H. Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. 
Bot. Gesell. 65: 160, fig. 7& 8, & 170—17h, pl. 9, fig. 2, 6, 
& 7. 19553 G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. ples ce 1959; Moldenke, ” 
Phytologia 17: 388. 1968. 

Illustrations: H. Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. Bot. Gesell. 65: 


4,80 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 7 
160, fig. 7&8, & pl. 9, fig. 2, 6, & 7. 1955. 


ERIOCAULON ANNAVENSE H. Lecomte 

Additional bibliography: H. Lecomte, Not. Syst. 2: 215. 1912; 
Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 97 (1921) and pr. 2, 97. 1960; 
Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 388. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON ANNUUM Milne-Redhead 

Additional bibliography: Milne-Redhead in Hook., Icon. Pl. 3h: 
pl. 3389. 1939; Hall & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 86. 197; 
Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 388. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON ANTUNESII Engl. & Ruhl. 

Additional bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 27: 76. 
1899; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 61, 69, 70, & 26). 
1903; Thiselt.—Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 70. 190); Moldenke, 
Phytologia 17: 388. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON APICULATUM H. Lecomte 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon apiculatum H. Lecomte & Moldenke ex Mol- 
denke, Phytologia 3: )10O—)11. 1951. 

Additional bibliography: H. Lecomte, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 
55: 571 & 572. 1908; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr. 1, 82 (1913) 
and pr. 2, 82. 1938; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 55. 1959; 
Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 388. 1968. 

Through an unfortunate oversight, I was not aware until now 
that Lecomte had actually validly published the binomial name 
which he had proposed and written on herbarium material of the 
type collection, Bernier 79, from Madagascar. The name must, 
therefore be accredited solely to himt 


ERIOCAULON AQUATILE Ktrn. 

Emended synonymy: Paepalanthus aquatilis Mart. ex Ktrn. in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 495, in syn. 1863. 

Additional bibliography: Ktrn., Linnaea 27: 60. 1856; Ktrn. 
in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 495-96. 1863; Jacks. in Hook. f. & 
Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877. 1893; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflan- 
zenreich 13 (4-30): 2, 49, 57, & 284 1903; Jacks. in Hook. f. 
& Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877 (1946) and pr. 3, 1: 877. 
1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 388--389. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON ARECHAVALETAE Herter 

Additional bibliography: Arech., Anal. Mus. Montevid. ) (1): 
21. 1902; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 69. 1908; Herter, Rev. 
Sudam. Bot. 2: 125. 1935; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 
86. 1947; E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1): 88. 1953; Molden- 
ke, Phytologia 17: 389. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON ARENICOLA Britton & Small 
Additional bibliography: N. L. Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. 
Club 4: 31. 1917; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 78. 1926; Leén, 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 4,81 
Fl. Cuba 1: 280. 196; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 389. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON ARISTATUM H. Hess 

Additional & emended bibliography: H. Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. 
Bot. Gesell. 65: 160, fig. ll & 12, & 162--16h, pl. 9, fig. 5. 
1955; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 55. 1959; Moldenke, Phyto- 
logia 17: 389. 1968. 

Ijlustrations: H. Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. Bot. Gesell. 65: 
160, fig. 11& 12, & pl. 9, fig. 5. 1955. 


ERIOCAULON ATABAPENSE Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 
88. 1953: Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 389. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON ATRATUM Kirn. 

Additional bibliography: Ktrn., Linnaea 27: 610. 1856; Jacks. 
in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877. 1893; Ruhl. in 
Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 61, 69, & 28). 1903; Jacks. in 
Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877 (1946) and pr. 3, 1: 
877. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 389-~-390. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON ATRATUM var. MAJOR Thwaites 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon caulescens Hook. f. & Thoms. ex Thwaites, 
Pl. Zeyl. 341. 186) [not BE. caulescens Poir., 1813, nor Willd., 
1863]- Eriocaulon philippo-coburgi Szyszyl. ex Wawra, Itin. 
Princ. S. Coburg 2: 96. 1888. 

Additional bibliography: Wawra, Itin. Princ. S. Coburg 2: 96. 
1888; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 158. 1902; 
Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 68, 69, 28), & 285. 1903; 
Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 158 (1941) and pr. 3, 
158. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 390. 1968. 

The E. caulescens of Poiret is Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) 
Ruhl., while that accredited to Willdenow is Paepalanthus pilosus 
(H.B.K.) Kunth. 


ERIOCAULON ATROIDES Satake 
Additional & emended bibliography: Satake in Nakai, Icon. Pl. 
As, Orient. 2: 175, pl. 65. 1938; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 
10: 86. 1947; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 390. 1968. 
5 Illustrations: Satake in Nakai, Icon. Pl. As. Orient. 2: pl. 
65. 1938. 


ERIOCAULON ATRUM Nakai 

Additional bibliography: Nakai in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 
466. 1911; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 97. 1921; Masamune, 
Prel. Rep. Veg. Yakus. 51. 1929; Satake, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 
ls: [Rev. Jap. Erioc.] 57. 190; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 
2, 97- 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 450. 1968. 

The E. atrum accredited to Masamune is E. hananoegoense Masa- 
mune. 


4,82 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 7 


ERIOCAULON AUSTRALASICUM (F. Muell.) Ktrn. 

Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon australasicum KOrn. in Mart., 
Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 475. 18 3. 

Additional bibliography: KUrn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 75. 
1863; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877 & 878. 
1893; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30) : 13, 104, 114, 2h, 
& 285. 1903; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 
877 & 878 (1946) and pr. 3, 1: 877 & 878. 19603; Molderke, Phyto- 
logia 17: 451. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON AUSTRALE R. Br. 

Additional bibliography: F. Muell., Fragm. 1: 92. 1859; Jacks. 
in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877. 1893; Ruhl. in 
Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 60, 62, 66, 281, & 26h, 1903; 
Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877 (1946) and 
pr. 3, 1: 877. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 391--393. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON BANANI H. Lecomte 

Bibliography: H. Lecomte, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 65. 
1909; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr. 1, 82 (1913) and pr. 2, 82. 
1938. 

The type of this species is A. Chevalier 52 from Soudan in 
Mali, Pee es eke 


ERIOCAULON BARBA-CAPRAE Fyson 

Additional & emended bibliography: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. 
1: 50 (1919) and 2: 197. 1921; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 
78 (1926) and 7: 88. 1929; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 393. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON BARBSYANUM Ruhl. 

Additional bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l- 
30): 61, 73, & 28h. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 69. 1908; 
Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 393. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON BASSACENSE Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 
88. 1953; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 393. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON BAURI N. E. Br. 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon baurii N. E. Br. apud Ruhl. in Fngl., 
Pflanzenreich 13 (-30): 63, 79, & 28h. 1903. 

Additional bibliography: N. E. Br. in Thiselt.—Dyer, Fl. Ca. 
7: Su—-55. 1897; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 63, 79, 
& 284. 1903; Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 70. 190k; Molden- 
ke, Phytologia 17: 393. 1968. 

Consultation of the original publication shows that Brown there 
proposed this binomial with only a single "i" in the specific 
portion. I see no valid reason for changing his spelling. 


ERIOCAULON BEAUVERDI Moldenke 
Synonymy: Eriocaulon helic oides var. giganteum Beauverd, 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 483 


Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 8: 283, fig. 9A. 1908. Eriocaulon 
giganteum Beauverd, Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 8: 987. 1909. 
Eriocaulon giganteum (Beauverd) Beauverd ex Moldenke, Phytologia 
3: 183, in syn. 19h9. 

Additional bibliography: Beauverd, Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 
8: 283, fig. 9A. 1908; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. , pr. 1, 82 
(1913) and pr. 2, 82. 1938; E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 
88. 1953; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 393. 1968. 

I,lustrations: Beauverd, Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 8: 283, 
fig. 9A. 1908. 


ERIOCAULON BENTHAMI Kunth 

Additional & emended bibliography: Benth., Pl. Hartw. 28. 
18,0; Schlecht., Limnaea 18: 43. 1844; Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 
221. 1854; Ktrn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 490—192. 1963; 
Hemsl., Biol. Cent. Am. Bot. 3: 3. 1885; Jacks. in Hook. f. & 
Jacks., Ind. Kew. pre L l: 877. 1893; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen=- 
reich 13 (4-30): 42, 48, 49, & 28). 1903; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 
311 & 316. 19395 Jacks. in Hook. 10 & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pre 2. 
1: 877 (1946) and pr. 3, 1: 877. 19603; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 
393--394. 1968. 

This taxon was first noted as "Eriocauli spec. nova?" by Ben= 
tham (1840). The Aschenborn 531, distributed as E. benthami, is 
actually a cotype collection of E. ehrenbergianum Klotzsch. 


ERIOCAULON BIFISTULOSUM Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. 

Emended synonymy: Eriocaulon fluitans J. G. Baker, Journ. 

Additional & emended bibliography: J. G. Baker, Journ. Linn. 
Soc. Lond. Bot. 20: 277-278. 1883; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., 
Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877 & 878. 1893; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- 
reich 13 (-30): 18, 64, 90, 28h, 285, & 286. 1903; Thiselt.- 
Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 70. 190); H. Lecante, Bull. Soc. Bot. 
France 55: 571 (1908) and 55: 67. 1909; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. 
Suppl. 8: 87. 1933; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 
2, 1: 877 & 878 (1946) and pr. 3, 1: 877 & 878. 1960; Moldenke, 
Phytologia 17: 394-395. 1968. 

Jackson (1893) regards E. fluitans J. G. Baker as conspecific 
with E. melanocephalum Kunth; the date "1893" given by me in some 
of my previous publications for this binomial is erroneous. 


ERIOCAULON BILOBATUM Morong 

Additional bibliography: Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. l, 
pr. 1, 158. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 21, 
56, 113, 28h, & 286. 1903; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, 
es ag 138 (1941) and pr. 3, 158. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 
395~ 1968. 


ERIOCAULON BLUMEI K8rn. 
Additional bibliography: Ktrn. in Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. 


48h PHITTOLOGTIA Vol. 17, no. 7 


Bat. 3: 240. 1867; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. l, 
1: 877. 1893; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 114 & 28h. 
1903; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877 (1946) 
and pr. 3, 1: 877. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 451 & 455. 1968. 
It is of interest to note that Ruhland (1903) seams to recog- 
nize this taxon as valid in his text, but as invalid in his index. 


ERIOCAULON BOMBAYANUM Ruhl. 

Additional bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l- 
30): 102, 10h, & 284. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 69. 1908; 
Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 451. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON BONGENSE Engl. & Ruhl. 

Additional bibliography: Ruhl, in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 27: 75. 
1899; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 66, 100, & 26h. 
1903; Thiselt.=Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 70. 190); H. Lecomte, 
Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 647. 1909; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 
451. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON BONI H. Lecomte 

Additional bibliography: H. Lecomte, Jgurn. de Bot. 21: 89 & 
108. 1908; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr. 1, 82 (1913) and pr. 
2, 82. 1938; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 51. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON BRACHYPEPLON K&rn. 

Additional bibliography: Ktrn., Linnaea 27: 665. 185; Jacks. 
in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877. 1893; Ruhl. in 
Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 281 & 285. 1903; Jacks. in Hook. 
f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877 (196) and pr. 3, 1: 877. 
1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 451. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON BREVIFOLIUM Klotzsch 

Additional bibliography: Klotzsch in Schomb., Faun. & Fl. 
Brit. Guian. 1116. 188; Ktrn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): h96— 
497. 1863; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877. 
1893; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 2, 50, & 285. 
1903; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877 
(1946) and pr. 3, 1: 877. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 451— 
452. 1968. 

The name hitherto employed for this taxon is invalid because 
of the Eriocaulon brevifolium Raf., Autikon Bot., pr. 1, 189 
(1840), published validly 8 years before Klotzsch published his 
homonym. I, therefore, hereby propose the substitute name, Erio- 
caulon klotzschii Moldenke, for this taxon, honoring Johann 
Friedrich Klotzsch (1805—18&60), who contributed considerably 
to our knowledge of this group of plants. The var. proliferum 
Moldenke, Mem, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 278 (1957) will ae to re- 
ceive the new name, Eriocaulon klotzschii var. proliferum (Mol- 
denke) Moldenke. 

Lest there be any doubt about the legality of Rafinesque's 
binomial, I quote his original description of Eriocaulon brevi- 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 85 


folium Raf. herewith, taken from his Autikon Bot., pr. 1, 189 
(18]0) , reprinted without change in 1843 and listed in E. J. 
Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 88 (1953): "fol. subul. brevissimis 
acutis, scapo gracilis contorto sulcato, basi vaginato, capit. 
globosis, bract. ovat. acut. glabris fulvis —- South New Jersey 
and Texas, leaves uncial or less, scape 5 to 8 inches few ribs, 
heads small, fl. gray". The exact identity of Rafinesque's 
plant will be discussed by me later in this series of notes. 


ERIOCAULON BREVIPEDUNCULATUM Merr. 

Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. , pr. 1, 82 
(1913) and pr. 2, 82. 1938; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 452--l53. 
1968. 


ERIOCAULON BREVISCAPUM K&rn. 

Additional bibliography: Ktrn., Linnaea 27: 676. 1856; Jacks. 
in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877. 1893; Ruhl. in 
Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 61, 70, & 285. 1903; H. Lecomte, 
Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 646. 1909; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., 
Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877 (1946) and pr. 3, 1: 877. 1960; Moldenke, 
Phytologia 17: 453. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON BROMELIOIDEUM H. Lecomte 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon bromelloideum H. Lecamte ex Moldenke, 
Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 26 & 61, sphalm. 196. 

Additional bibliography: H. Lecomte, Journ. de Bot. 21: 107. 
1908; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr. 1, 82 (1913) and pr. 2, 82. 
1938; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: i53. 1968. 

Unfortunately, due to an early typographic error, I have been 
misspelling the specific epithet of this species up until now. 
Consultation of the original publication has brought to light the 
correct spelling. 


ERIOCAULON BROWNIANUM Mart. 

Additional bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877. 1893; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h- 
30): 63, 8h, Lh, & 285. 1903; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877 (1946) and pr. 3, 1: 877. 1960; Moldenke, 
Phytologia 17: 453—I15). 1968. 


ERIOCAULON BRUNONIS Britten 

Additional bibliography: Britten, Journ. Bot. 38: 82. 1900; 
Ruhl, in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 32, 38, & 285. 1903; 
Thiselt.—Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 70. 190; Moldenke, Phytologia 
17: 45k. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON BUCHANANII Ruhl. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Ruhl. in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. 
Cap. 7: 83. 1897; Ruhl. in Ingl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 66, 
101, & 285. 1903; Thiselt.—Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 70. 1903; H. 
Lecomte, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 67. 1909; H. Hess, Bericht. 


4,86 PHYTOLOGIA Vol, 17, no. 7 


Schweitz. Bot. Gesell. 65: 136, fig. 5 & 6, 145—17, & 161, pl. 
8, fig. 7--9. 1955; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: hSu—l55. 1968. 
Illustrations: H. Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. Bot. Gesell. 65: 
13%, fig. 5&6, & pl. 8, fig. 7-9. 1955. 
Hess (1955) informs us that this species often grows in close 
association with E. gilgianum Ruhl. 


ERIOCAULON BUERGERIANUM KUrn. 

Additional bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., 
pr. 1, 1: 877. 1893; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 65, 
9h, & 285. 1903; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 89. 1929; Jacks. 
in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877 (19h6) and pr. 3, 

1: 877. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 455—L56. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON BURCHELLII Ruhl. 

Additional bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l- 
30): 42, 50, & 285. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 69. 1908; 
Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 56. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON CAAGUAZUENSE Ruhl. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, 
pr. 1, 82 (1913) and pr. 2, 82. 1938; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 
456. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON CABRALENSE Alv. Silv. 

Additional bibliography: Alv. Silv., Arch. Mus. Nac. Hio Jan. 
23: 162. 1921; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 88. 1929; Molden- 
ke, Phytologia 17: 56. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON CAESIUM Griseb. 

Additional bibliography: Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., pr. 1 
526. 1864; Jacks. in Hook. £. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 677. 
1893; Ruhl. in mngl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 18, 64, 86, & 285. 
1903; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877 
(1946) and pr. 3, 1: 877. 1960; Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., pr. 
2, 526. 1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 56. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON CALLOSUM Raf. 

Bibliography: Raf., Autikon Bot., pr. 1, 188 (180) and pr. 2, 
188. 1943; E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 88. 1953. 

Rafinesque's original description (180) of this taxon is: 
"fol. gramineis semipedalibus latiusculis apice obt. callosis, 
scapis fol. longior basi vaginatis contortis sulcatis, capit. de- 
pressis, bract. subrot. acutis vel obt. fulvis glabris, fl. cin- 
ereis —- Alabama, leaves broader at base, scape ultrapedal, 
heads small, fl. cinereous". 

Of the probable identity of Rafinesque's plant more will be 
said by me later in this series of notes. 


ERIOCAULON CANDIDUM Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. li: 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 487 
88. 1953; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 56. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON CAPITULATUM Moldenke 
Additional bibliography: E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. li): 
88. 19533; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 456. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON CARSONI F. Muell. 

Additional & emended bibliography: F. Muell., Proc. Linn. Soc. 
New S, Wales, ser. 2, 5: 250. 1890; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. 
Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 158. 1902; Ruhl. in Ingl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l- 
30): 65, 98, 281, & 285. 1903; Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 

2: 70. 190); Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 70. 1908; Durand & Jacks., 
Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 158 (191) and pr. 3, 158. 1959; Mol- 
denke, Phytologia 17: 56—-57. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON CAULIFERUM Mak. 

Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr. 1, 82 
(1913) and pr. 2, 82. 1938; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: i758. 
1968. 


ERIOCAULON CELEBICUM Van Royen 

Bibliography: Van Royen, Blumea 10: 127. 1960; G. Taylor, Ind. 
Kew. Suppl. 13: 52. 1966. 

Nothing is known to me about this taxon except what is given 
in the bibliography above. It is supposedly endemic to Celebes. 


ERIOCAULON CEYLANICUM K&rn. 

Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon subcaulescens Hook. f., Fl. 
Brit. Ind. 6: 573. 1893. Eriocaulon subacaulescens Hook. ex 
Moldenke, Résumé 293, in syn. sphalm. 1959. 

Additional bibliography: Ktrn., Linnaea 27: 667. 1856; Jacks. 
in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877. 1893; Durand & 
Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 158. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., 
Pflanzenreich 13 (30): 64, 68, 67, & 285. 1903; Durand & 
Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 158. 191; Jacks. in Hook. f. 
& Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877. 1946; Durand & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 158. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew., pr. 3, 1: 877. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 458. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON CHINOROSSICUM Komarov 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon chinorossicum Lom ex Moldenke, Known 
Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 61, sphalm. 1916. 

Additional bibliography: Komarov, Bull. Jard. Bot. Pétersb. 
16: 156. 1916; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 78. 1926; Molden- 
ke, Phytologia 17: 458. 1968. 

Lamentably, due to a typographic error in 196, I have been 
misaccrediting this binomial until now! 


ERIOCAULON CHRISTOPHERI Fyson 
Additional bibliography: Fyson, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 191): 
330. 1914; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 97 (1921) and pr. 


4,88 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 7 
2, 97. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 458 & 63. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON CILIIPETALUM H. Hess 

Additional bibliography: G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 55. 
1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 458. 1968. 

ERIOCAULON CINEREUM R. Br. 

Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon ciliiflorum F, Muell., Fragm. 
1: 95-96. 1859. Eriocaulon sielboldiamm Sieb. & Zucc. ex H. 
Lecomte, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 68, sphalm. 1909. 

Additional & emended bibliography: R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. 
Holl. 1: 254. 1810; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 552 & 571. 181; Jacks. 
in Hook. b gy & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pre he 1s 877—879. 1893; N. Ee 
Br. in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 8: 259. 1901; Ruhl. in 
Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 111, 285, & 286, fig. 112. 1903; 
Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 70. 1908; H. Lecomte, Bull. Soc. Bot. 
France 55: 648. 1909; Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. 2: 313. 1921; 
Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa 6: 1066 & 1068. 192); S. Sasaki 
List Pl. Formos. 99. 1928; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 89. 
1929; C. E. C. Fischer in Gamble, Fl. Presid. Madras 9: 1611 & 
1619. 1931; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 
877--879. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 325. 1950; Jacks. in 
Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 877-879. 1960; Molden- 
ke, Phytologia 17: 54 & 458-62. 1968. 

Another vernacular name recorded for this plant is "takasago- 
hosikusa". 

The E. nitidum Buch.-Ham., cited in the synonymy of this 
taxon previously, is erroneously reduced to E. sexangulare L. 
by Jackson (1893). The E. nitidum of Bongard is Syngonanthus 
nitidus (Bong.) Ruhl., while the E. cinereum Buch.-Ham., also 
cited as E. cinereum Hamilt., is E. hamiltonianum Mart. 

Additional & emended citations: CHINA: Kwangtung: Samson 256 
[127] (D--824275). FORMOSA: Tanaka & Shimada 1357), (D—697325) . 


ERIOCAULON CIPOENSE Alv. Silv. 

Additional bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Serr. Min. 33. 1908; 
A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 87. 1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 
7s 463. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON COLLETTII Hook. f. 

Additional bibliography: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 275. 
1893; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 158. 1902; 
Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (lj-30): 11) & 285. 1903; Durand 
& Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 158 (1941) and pr. 3, 158. 
1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 63. 1968. 


ERIOCAULON COLLINUM Hook. f. 
Synonymy: Eriocaulon dianae var. triloboides Fyson, Journ. 


Indian Bot. 2: 260.1921. Eriocaulon luzulifolium f. nigrescens 
Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 139, in syn. 1957. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae L89 


Additional bibliography: Hook. Ses Pls Brit. Ind. 6: 58h. 
1893; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 158. 1902; Ruhl. 
in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 6), 87, & 285. 1903; Haines, 
Bot. Bihar & Orissa 6: 1066 & 1069. 192h3 C. E. 0. Fischer, Kew 
Bull. Misc. Inf. 1931: 261. 19313 C. E. C. Fischer in Ganble, 

Fl. Presid. Madras 9: 1615--1616 & 1620. 1931; Durand & Jacks., 
Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 158. 1941; Koyama, Philip. Journ. Sci. 
Bot. 8h: 370. 1956; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 
158. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 458 & 63. 1968. 

Fyson's original description (1921) of his E. dianae var. 
triloboides is "Capitula nigra aut nigrescentia globoba. Plate 
15. Khandala to Wynaad. Leaves as in var. a [=typica]. Heads 
globose, dark almost black, distinguishable only by the third fe- 
male sepal being linear from E. trilobum Ham. This variety has 
in consequence frequently been identified as that species. See 
p. 139, fig. 3, which is this plant, but wrongly named E. trilobum 
on p. 150, also see p. 206." 

Koyama (1956) says that E. hayatanum Koyama, from Annam, "is 
distinguishable from E. collinum by completely free sepals of 
male flowers, female sepals emarginate at apex and much longer 
sheaths at the base of peduncles". 

The Gopalaswamy $n. sen. [Castle Rock, 7-10-51], distributed as E. 
collinun, is actually E E. dianae var. longibracteatum Fyson. 


ERIOCAULON COMPRESSUM Lam. 

Additional & emended synonymy: Eriocaulon filiformis Raf., 
Atl. Journ., pr. 1, 21. 1832 [not E. filiforme Bong., 1831]. 
Eriocaulon euasheloides Schlecht., Linnaea 18: 35. 18h). Erio- 
caulon cephalotes Poir. apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew., | pr. 1, 1: 877, in syn. 1893. Eriocaulon filiforme Raf. 
apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 878. 1893. 
Eriocaulon gnaphaloides Michx. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 186, 
in syn. 199. 

Additional peat ca Raf., Atl. Journ., pr. 1, 121. 1832; 
Raf., Autikon Bot., pr. 1, 189. 180; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks, 
Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 877 & 878. 1893; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- 
reich 13 (4-30) : rte BL Sls Bogut 265. 1903; Raf., Autikon 
Bot., pr. 2, 189. 19433 Raf., Atl. Journ., pr. 2, 121. 196; 
Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 877 & 873° 
(1946) and pr. 2, 877 & 878. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 463— 
héh, fig. 2. 1968. 

On pure sand this species is a common pioneer, but may fre- 
quently be seen where the water is a few inches or to 30 inches 
deep. Eventually accumulation of organic matter changes the 
bottom substratum. Rooted aquatics and then marsh plants move in 
and eliminate the Eriocaulon. 

Cooley & Monachino found the plant growing on a wet prairie, in 
water 0.5 m. deep, describing the heads as white, the petals each 
with a black spot, and the sepals black with a fringe of white, 


490 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 7 


blooming in March. Cooley & Eaton found it in a wet ditch of a 
hammock, and describe the bracts as blackish, the flowers wmhite- 
bearded, sometimes ciliate. 

The R. M. Harper 216, cited below, was erroneously cited as 
E. lineare Small by me in a previous installment of these notes. 
The Jansson s.n. [Aug. 26, 1950], also cited below, is a mixture 
with E, |B. decangulare L. mounted in such a way that the E. decangu- 
lare flowering scapes appear to be issuing from an E. compressum 
leaf-rosette! 

It should be noted here that the E. filiforme Bong., cited in 


the synonymy above, is a synonym of Syngonanthus nitens nitens (Bong.) 


Kral (1966) gives the following very interesting notes about 
this species: "Sands or sandy peats of shallow pineland ponds, 
lakeshores, seepage bogs, savannas, ditches or low flatwoods, 
coastal plain, eastern Texas, e. to Florida and n. to New Jersey. 
Type. South Carolina, Fraser. (At P?). In stature and habit 
E. compressum somewhat resembles E. decangulare, a tall summer 
and fall flowering Eriocaulon, but differs from it in having a 
more spongy foliage, softer neads, a less~hairy receptacle, and 
darker coloured bracts the tips of which are acute or rounded 
rather than acuminate. In fact, it is closest in appearance to 
a shorter plant, E. lineare, which also has soft, white, usually 
hemisphaerical heads, but differs from that abate in rere 
larger, often unisexual (rather than bisexual) heads, the recep- 
tacular surfaces of which have at least sparse hairs’ (those of E. 
lineare are smooth). Also, the surface of the seed of E. com- 
pressum is smoothish while that of the seed of E. lineare is in- 
distinctly cancellate, sometimes papillate. This is perh perhaps the 
showiest of all the Eriocaulaceae of the southeastern United 
States, in springtime so abundantly decorating the shallow waters 
of pinelands as to appear like a shower of white confetti." 

Material has been abundantly misidentified and distributed in 
herbaria as E. decangulare L., E. lineare Small, E. septangulare 
With., E. texense Ktrn., and Lachnocaulon glabrum K KSrn. On the 
other hand, the Demaree 2366, R. K. Godfrey 531 53139, Jacob 1278, 
and Kral & Godfrey 23h2, dist distributed as as E. c ee are actu- 


rong s.n. S.n. [Aug. 1l, 1873), We F We F. Sonatinas Sen. [Abbeeville, July & 
Aug. 1925], and P.O. Schallert : Sone [Nakina, 6/25/3k] are E. 
decangulare L., We M.-C Canby s.n. 3.n. (Magnolia, April 1858], Re ie 
Godfrey 5368) 5368), and S. Taylor 127 127 are E. lineare Small, Hueske | Se 
n. [White Lake, 5/24/47] is E. pellucidum Michx., and M. 0. Helms 
1011 and Olds s.n. (Montgomery, 3.20.94) are Lachnocaulon a anceps 
(Walt.) Morong. 

Additional citations: NEW JERSEY: Atlantic Co.: G. W. Bassett 
s.n. [Hammonton, May 27, 1923] (Mi, Ws); C. Ae Gross | S5Me . [cedar 
Lake, June 3, 1891) (Dt); H. N. Moldenke 22273 ( (Ac); Williamson 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 491 


sen, (Aug. 1905] (S). Burlington Co.: Herb. Durand s.n. (Ms-- 
15473); F. J. Hermann 78 (Mi, Ok--14318); M. A. Johnson s.n. 
(Chatsworth, 5 June 193i] (S); Lawrence & Dress ; 273 3 (Ca—805289) ; 
G. B. Rossbach s.n. [6/18/48] (We). Ocean Coe: Ewer 1066 (Ms—- 
43547); Jansson s.n sen. [Aug. 26, 1950] (Go); MacElwee wee 658 (; (S). 
County undetermined: C.F. Austin sen. [Oct. RET (N)5 W. Me 
Canby s.n. [Damp pine . barrens, ms, 1859] (Ws); Treat s.n. [Pine bar- 
rens } (Dt). NORTH CAROLINA: Bladen Co.: C. L. Rodgers 155¢ (Hi-- 
34475). Brunswick Co.: Bell & Kim 281 (Hi—199268). Columbus 
Co.: Godfrey & White 710) (Ca—7)1130, Mi, S); A. E. Radford 
421s (Hi—l8380). Harnett Co.: A. E. Radford 01, (Hi--))8379). 
New Hanover Co.: W. M. Canby s.n. . (prope Wilmington, 1873] (Ca— 
405216); Godfrey & White 7033 (Ca—71350, Mi, S); A. E. Radford 
4279 (Hi—h8381), 4377 (Hi--W3383), 5155 (Hi—50212). Onslow 
Co.: Ashe s.n. (May 20, 1899] (Hi); Radford & Stewart 1213 (Hi— 
23656). Robeson Co.: Ahles & Ramseur 23819 (Hi--97212). Scotland 
Co.: Ahles & Hammond 2,763 (Hi--97213), 24942 (Hi--119267) ; Rad- 
ford & Stewart 328 (Hi—16761). SOUTH CAROLINA: Allendale Co.: 
C. Re Bell 2643 (Hi--97210). Barnwell Co.: Batson & Kelley s.n. 
TApr 13, 1952] (Hi—10166), s.n. [Apr. 20, 1537 (Hi ae 0167, 
Hi--10168, Hi--140169, Hi--10170). Charleston Co.: Cabanis s. 
n. [around Pinebarren Ponds near Charleston] (B). Darlington 
Cos: We CG. Coker sen. [4/3/1910] (Hi--7709), sen. [5/7/10] 
(Hi), s sen. [June 27, 27, 1931] (Hi—-21)87); J. Be Norton sen. [Apr. 
9, 1921] (Hi, Hi); B. E. Smith sen. [April 21, 1932] (Hi—-2142). 
Dorchester Co.: C. G. Du Bois s.n. SN. en. [Apr. it; 1889] (Ws). George- 
town Co.: Radford & Stewart 1030 30 (Ca——978012, Hi--23497) . Marion 
Co.: C. Re Bell 7870 (Hi--97211). Williamsburg Co.: A. E. Rad- 
ford 21268 (Hi--97167). County undetermined: L'Herminier SNe 
{Carolina meridionale] (B). GEORGIA: Early Co.: Re F. Thorne 
3294 (N), 3477 (Mi, Vi); Thorne & Muenscher 2467 (We). Miller 
Coe: Thorne & | & Harper 3171 (Ca—-906391). Montgomery Co.: Re M. 
Harper 2146 (Ms~15L,76, N N). Sumter Co.: R. M. Harper 2219 9 (Ms-- 
15477), 2279 (B). Ware Co.: Ward, Ward, & & Godfrey 1307 (Hi 
181986). Sapelo Island [McIntosh ‘Gen lee Adams, Connell, & Duncan 
20000 (Mi). FLORIDA: Alachua Co.: "B. T. Y." "121 (i (Hi=-203783). 
Collier Co.: A. R. Moldenke 1379 (Ac, | Rf, Ws). Dade Co.: A. A. 
Eaton 485 (Rf). Duval Co.: Curtiss 3017 (Ca~~2)12, Ms—-15],66, 
Ms—15),68, Vi), 4585 (Ca--115168, Mm--7961) , 6126 (Hi-~77051, S), 
3.n. ree ecnai a ial (Ws); Ruth s.n, [May 1893] (Ut—798b) . Es- 
cambia Co.: Fassett 21142 (Ws); (Raa K. Godfrey 54595 (N); Goodale 
sen. [2h March 1933] ~(Ms—-69827), $.n. [31 March 1933] (Ms— 
6982h). Gulf Co.: A. W. Chapman s.n. [Wewahhitchka] (Dt). Hills- 
borough Co.: Cooley & & Eaton 5781 (N). Holmes Co.: R. K. Godfrey 


492 PHT 0.06 2a Vol. 17, no. 7 


56395 (Ca—112969); Kral & Redfearn 2695 (Hi—111832). Jackson 
Co.: R. K. Godfrey 54530 (Hi--157560, N). Lake Co.: G. V. Nash 
92 (Ca—115165, Mn—7 —7963, Ms—15,69). Lee Co.: Re kK. Godfrey 
53104 (Hi--157559); H. N. Moldenke 689a (S). Leon Co.: Re K. 
Godfrey 5310) (N). Liberty Co.: A. Re ~R. Moldenke 281 (5S); “Reese 
1 (Hi--193h68). Martin Co.: Wp: F. *. Buchanan BN. (Stuart, 
March 23, 1938] (Ok). Okeechobee Co: Jehe “J. A. Harris C.17908 (Ca— 
61007). Orange Co.: A. S. Hitchcock s.n. “(Winter Park) (Dt); A. 
M. Huger 9 (3). Osceola Co.: G. Een s.n. Ne [254301951] (S).- Pal 
Beach Co.: A. R. Moldenke 1379 .(B); Small, DeWinkeler, & Rane 
9815 (S). Pasco Co.: Cooley & & Monachino hino &65 (N). Pinettas | Co. 
M.S. Bebb s.n. (Clearwater, 189] (Ok). Polk Co.: McFarlin 4280 
(Mi), 4322 (iis), 4491 (Mi) 5 Topping 2611 (Mi). Saint Johns Co.: 
J. De Smith Son. [ich. , 1882) (Ca—189 386). Santa Rosa Co.: 
Fassett 21136 6 (Ws). Seminole Co.: H. C. Beardslee s.n. [Near Al~ 
temonte Springs, April 1939] (Ca—8h1785). Volusia Cos: H.C. 
Beardslee 1 (Ca-—81784). Wakulla Co.: R. K. Godfrey 53134 53134 (Hi— 
157558, N)j Redfearn & Kral 243 (N). Walton Co.: Kral 198hh 
(N). Robert's Island [Dade Co.]: J. K. Small 7386 (s)e “County 
undetermined: Chickering s.n. (Ca—-2h1h); Cur Curtiss sn. [Pine bar- 
ren swamps, July 188-] (Hi—770h3), s.n. (iim—7962); Goodale 
69827 [Ensley] (0k); Herb. Amherst Coll. s gen. (M8s—15)73). ALA- 
BAKA: Escambia Co.: Ahles hles 7255 (Ur). Mo Mobile Co.: Herb, Jewett 
3007 (Dt); Keli & Dittman sen. [29 April 1951] (Ac). MISSISSIPPI: 
George Co.: Ahles & Bell & Bell 7688 (Ur). County undetermined: Hil- 
gard s.n. [seacoast, “May 1859] (Dt). LOUISIANA: Saint Tammany 
Par.: Kral 16508 (N). TEXAS: Austin Co.: Tharp s.n. [Beliville, 
5/u/40) (Ca—8h1806). Hardin Co.: R. L. Crockett 6697 (Ld); E. 
J. Palmer 9563 (S). Henderson Co.: abe ~ Sanders 132 (Mi, Rf). 
Houston CG Co.: ror Je Palmer 13185 (Ws). LOCALITY “OF COLLECTION 
UNDETERMINED: Boott Sone sen. (WS); | Hooker s.n, [S. States] (B); 
Palisot de Beauvois s.n. [America septentr. 1..CE 


ERIOCAULON COMPRESSUM var. HARPERI Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 27: 
11. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 11, 12, 1), 23, & 480. 1959; Moldenke, 
Résumé Suppl. 3: 2 (1962) and 16: i & 2. 1968. 

Recent collectors have found this variety growing in pinebar- 
rens, open white gravel bogs, moist shallow broad ditches, sphag- 
nous peat of hillside bogs, sphagnous sandy peaty soil of flat- 
woods areas, longleaf pine hills, heavy sandy peaty clay of hill- 
side bogs, and Sarracenia bogs. Kral reports it "very abundant 
in sphagnous Sarracenia type boggy areas in flatwoods", while 
Kral & Godfrey report it "common on moist open sands of savanna". 
They have collected it in flower and fruit in April and August. 
Kral describes the heads as "snowy white". 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 93 


Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as 
E. compressum Lam. and E. decangulare L. The Lighthipe s.n. 
[Tom's River, Sept. 1, 1890] is actually a mixture with Ee E. decan- 
gulare L. 

Additional citations: NEW JERSEY: Ocean Co.: Lighthipe s.n. 
[Tom's River, Sept. 1, 1890] (Ca——81790). MARYLAND: Prince 
Georges Co.: S. F. Blake 10665 (Ws). GEORGIA: R. M. Harper 1395 
(B). FLORIDA: : Bay Coe: Co.: Kral ral 19800 (N). Escambia Co.: Kral 19876 
(N), 19880 (N). Franklin Co.: Re 3 Re Ke Godfrey 53139 (Hi--157557, 
N). Tee Co.: H. N. Moldenke 689 (S). Wakulla Co.: Kral & God- 
frey 23h2 (Hi—193978, N); He oP Moldenke 1123 (S). Walton Co.: 
Kral 19808 (N). ALABAMA: Mobile Co.: Kral 26526 (N). MISSISSIP- 
PI: George Co.: Kral 1985 (N). Jackson Co.: 2: Demaree 2866 (Ok, 
St); Jacob 1278 (Hi—196310) . LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDET ER- 
MINED: : Herb. So Soc. Nat. Hist. Boston s.n. (Dt). 


ERIOCAULON COMPTONII Rendle 

Additional bibliography: Rendle, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 
45: 259. 1921; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 88. 1929; Molden- 
ke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 27 & 61. 1946; Moldenke, Résumé 
205 & 480. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON CONCRETUM F. Muell. 

Additional bibliography: F. Muell., Fragm. 1: 92—-93. 1859; 
Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 878. 1893; 
Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (-30): 11) & 285. 1903; Molden- 
ke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 27 & 33. 196; Jacks. in Hook, 
hg "ke Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 878 (196) and Bre 3,° 1: 676. 
1960; Moldenke, Résumé 208 & 180. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON CONGOLENSE Moldenke 

Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. h: 7. 1962; 
Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 386. 19623 Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 
455. 19633; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 2: 1517. 1963; Anon., Assoc. 
Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. Index 1962: 29. 1963. 

Citations: CONGO LEOPOLDVILLE: Monod 1162 (An—-type, Z—iso- 


type). 


ERIOCAULON CONICUM (Fyson) C. E. C. Fischer 
Synonymy: Eriocaulon dianae var. conica Fyson, Journ. Indian 
Bot. Soc. 2: 260. 1921, Eriocaulon conicum Fisch. apud Razi, 
Journ. Mysore Univ. 7 (lk): 77. 1946. Sriocaulon conicm Hock” 
f. ex Razi, Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India 21 B (2): 82. 1955. 
Bibliography: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. Soc. 2: 260. 1921; C. 
E. C. Fischer, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1931: 261. 1931;.C. E. Ce 
Fischer in Gamble, Fl. Presid. Madras 9: 1616—~—1617 & 1620. 1931; 
A. We Hill Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 105. 1938; Razi, Journ, Mysore 
Univ. 7 (4): 77+ 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 23 
& 61. 1946; Moldenke, ’ Phytologia 3: 189 (1949) and 3: 322. 1950; 


Lol PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 7 


Razi, Journ. Mysore Univ. B 1) (10): 460. 1955; Razi, Contrib. 
Bot. 40: 92. 1955; Razi, Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India 21 B (2): 82. 
1955; Moldenke, Résumé 161, 287, & 480. 1959; Razi, Rec. Bot. 
Surv. India 18: 19. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 17 & 31. 
1962; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 18. 1965. 

Fyson's original description of this taxon is "Capitula conica, 
basi truncata, folia linearia. Mysore to Wyanaad. Heads conical 
with horizontal base, very black, because nearly glabrous: clearly 
connected with var. f. This plant is possibly E. Rouscianum 
Steud." Razi (1959) cites Gamble's Fl. Madras, cited by me in 
the bibliography above. He records the species from Andhra, Mad- 
ras, and Mysore. 

The Ramaswamy 102 & 2267, distributed as E. conicum, actually 
are E. odoratum Dalz., while Ramaswamy 2108 is E. oliveri Fyson 
and his 1830 is E. hamiltonianmum var, minimum Fyson 


ERIOCAULON CONIFERUM Herzog 

Additional bibliography: Ltttzelburg, Estud. Bot. Nordéste 3: 
1h7 & 150. 1923; Herzog in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 20: 82. 192h; 
A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 88. 1929; Moldenke, Known Geogr. 
Distrib. Erioc. 7 & 33. 196; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 322. 1950; 
Moldenke, Résumé 88 & 80. 1959. 

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Ltttzelburg 455 [Macbride 
photos 18685] (N--photo of cotype, W--photo of cotype). 


ERIOCAULON CRASSISCAPUM Bong. 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon molle Mart. ex Ktrn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 
3 (1): 487, in syn. 1863 [not E. molle Steud., 1855]. Eriocaulon 
crassiscapum Bonz. ex Renné, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. 68, 
sphalm. 1960. 

Bibliography: Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb., sér. 
6, 1: 628, pl. 44. 1831; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 57) & 575. 18); 
Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2 (Cyp.) 2: 269. 1855; Ktrn. in Mart., Fl. 
Bras. 3 (1): 486--487. 1863; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew., pr. 1, 1: 878. 1893; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h- 
30): 7, 8, 17, b2, 52, 285, & 286, fig. 2 E—G, & 7. 1903; Ruhl. 
in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 15a: fig. 17. 1930; 
Castell. in Descole, Gen. Sp. Pl. Argent. 3: 87, pl. 17. 1945; 
Abbiatti, Revist. Mus. La Plata Bot. 6 (26): 329-330, pl. 2 (1), 
fig.  (d) & 6. 1946; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., 
pr. 2, 1: 878. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 7, 
33, & 37- 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 189 (199) and 3: 322. 
1950; Angely, Fl. Paran. 10: 1). 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 88, 123, 
& 290. 1959; Angely, Fl. Paran. 16: 51. 1960; Renné, Levant. 
Herb. Inst. Agron. 68. 1960; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew., pr. 3, 1: 878. 1960; Angely, Fl. Paran. 17: 24. 1961; Mol- 
denke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 31. 1962. 

Illustrations: Ruhl. in Ingl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 7& 
52, fig. 2 E--g & 7. 1903; Ruhl. in img]. & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- 
zenfam., ed. 2, 15a: fig. 17. 1930; Castell. in Descole, Gen. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 95 


Sp. Pl. Argent. 3: pl. 17. 1945; Abbiatti, Revist. Mus. La Plata 
Bot. 6° (26)2 330; *plsree(2), figs h (d) & b. 1946. 

The E. molle Steud., referred to in the bibliography above, is 
a synonym of Paepalanthus plumosus (Bong.) KtUrn. It should be 
noted that E. molle Mart. is based on Luschnath 4O [Martius 890] 
from Caxoeiro do Campo, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 

Kunth (181) describes Z. crassiscapum as follows: "acaule; 
foliis vagina brevioribus, lanceolatis, acuminatis, reticulatis, 
glabris; pedunculo crassiusculo, fistuloso, glabro; vagina laxa, 
bifida. Bong. -- In paludibus inter as Prados et Barbacena." He 
tells us that the "pl. 1)" of Bongard's work (18331) was never 
published. I have personally verified that it does not occur in 
the New York Botanical Garden's copy of the work. It is, of 
course, possible that the original drawings are preserved in 
Leningrad. 

Our plant has been collected in marshes, flowering in Febru- 
ary. Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria 
under the name E. flagellare Guill. The Riedel 1038, cited below, 
is a mixture with Leiothrix curvifolia (Bong. ) Ruhl. and was iden- 
tified by Pulle as L. -E. curvifolia var. lanuginosa (Bong.) Ruhl. 

Abbiatti (1946) thinks that the LUfgren collection, cited be~ 
low as from S&o Paulo, may actually have come from Minas Gerais 
[the locality of collection is "Corrego Alegre"]. She cites also 
Muniez s.n. [Loreto, Sept. 1919] from Misiones, Argentina, and 
the fo. following specimens from S%o Paulo, Brazil: brade ae (Herb. 
Inst. Bot. S. Paulo 6581], Duarte 37 [Herb. Inst. Bot. S. Paulo 
10176], F. ©. Hoehne s.n. [Butantan, 27-VII-1917; ater Inst. Bot. 
S. Paulo . 368), “and Collector undesignated sen. [Cantareira, 8-IV- 
1901; Herb. Com. Geogr. & Geol. 7; Herd. Inst. Bot. S. Paulo 
10177]. 

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Burchell 5701 (Br); 
P, Clausen 8 (Br), 17 (P), 1180 (E), s.n. (Br); “Lindberg 570 (Br, 
38); Luschnath 40 [Martius 890] (Br, M, [, N--photo, Z—-photo), s.n. 
[Campos Bravos, Julio 1833] (Br); Vagalhties Gomes 1,301 {Herb. 
Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 26714] (N); Mosén 1738 (S); “Regnell Ill. 
1269 [22/11/186h] (Ss, S, 200762), » 111-1269 [26/117 186h] ro 
L. Riedel 1038, in eee (Ut—-336). Paran&: Dusén 10493 (S, S); 
Hatschbach 2861 (N). S&o Paulo: Brade 5536 (S); Eiten & Eiten 
1749 (N); Lofgren s.n. sen. [Herb. Inst. Bot. S. Paulo 10175; Herb. 
Con. Geogr. & Geol. 3576) (N); L. Riedel 1481 (S, Ut—328). State 
undetermined: Glaziou 17344 (Bryi eae 


ERIOCAULON CRISTATUM Mart. 

Bibliography: Wall., Plant. As. Rar. 3: 28. 1832; Wall., Numer. 
List 207. 1832; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 559--560. 1813; Ktrn., Linnaea 
27: 607. 1856; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 574. 1893; Jacks. in 
Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 878. 1893; Ruhl. in Engl., 
Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30) : 63, 8h, & 28s, 1903; Fyson, Journ. Indian 


496 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, now 7 | 


Bot. Soc. 2: 312, pl. 31. 1921; Satake, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. lj: 
(Rev. Jap. Erioc.] 64. 1940; Moldenke, * Known Geogr. Distrib. Eri- 
oc. 23, id 26, 33, & 61. 196; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind, 
Kew., pr. 2, 1: 875. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 189. 199; 
Moldenke, Résumé 159, 162, 169, 273. 174, 180, 287, 291, & uso. 
1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. ne Be 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. 
Jacks., Ind, Kew. pr. 3, 1: 878. 1960; Thanikaimoni, Pollen . 
Spores 7: 183 & 16h, tab. 1. 1965; Voldenke » Résumé Suppl. 15: 8. 
1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: sk. 1968. 

Illustrations: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. Soc. 2: pl. 31. 1921; 
Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 183, tab. 1. 1965. 

Fyson (1921) describes this species as follows: "Stem short or 
up tol in. Leaves linear to 6 in. by 1/6 in., many nerved, not 
much enlarged at the base, Scapes 6—15 in. Heads 1/3 in. In- 
volucre black or white. Floral bracts deltoid. Receptacle not 
very hairy." He gives its distribution as "Assam; Khasia; Bengal" 
and comments that "Some of the heads have a fringe of protruding 
male petals as in E. longicuspis, but because of the broad leaf- 
bases I am inclined to regard this as more nearly related to E. 
ceylanicum ." 

The E. cristatum Mart., noted in KUrn., Linnaea 27: 607 (1856), 
is actually E, miserum Ktrn. 

It appears that the W. Griffith 5568, cited by me as from 
West Bengal, India, in a previous installment of these notes, is 
actually from East Bengal, Pakistan. Chand describes E. cristatum 

as "S in, tall, gray" and found it growing in a meadow in Assan, 
Fweetae in June . It has been collected at altitudes of 1,000 to 
6000 feet. Material has been misidentified and distributed in 
herbaria as E. depauperatum Merr. 

Additional citations: PAKISTAN: East Bengal: H. Bruce 9 (Br— 
cotype); W. Griffith 5568 (Br, C, S), 5578 (S); Hamilton s.n. 
[Silhet] (Br, N—photo, Bz whsto); F. de S: Silva 8 (Br--co (Br--cotype, N-- 
photo of cotype, Z-—photo of cotype); Wa Wallich lich 6070 (B). INDIA: 
Assam: Chand 781), (Mi). Bombay: J. Fernandez 3.n. [Arn. Arb. 43] 
(Xa), sen. [Arn. Arb. 888] (Xa); Santapau 10906 (Xa), 11738 (Xa). 
Khasi States: Hooker & Thomson s.n. n. (Mont. Khasia, 6000 p ped. ] 
(BP Br, Mees, Ut—-307). Madras: S. S. N. Ramaswamy 17 (Z). Mysore: 
S. Ne eacovane 28 (Ac). State undetermined: Ritchie 1248 (T). 


ERIOCAULON CRISTATUM var. MACKII Hook. f. 

Bibliography: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 57h. 1893; Ruhl. in 
Ingl., Pflanzenreich 13 (30) : 8 & 285. 1903; Moldenke, Known 
uaee Distrib. Erioc. 23 & 33. 196; Moldenke, Résumé 162 & 480. 
1959. 

Hooker (1893) describes this variety as follows: "leaves broad- 
er, receptacle densely villous. Assam (probably Khasia). Mrs. 
Mack. Probably a different species." It is to be noted that if 
he intended to honor Mrs. Mack, rather than her husband, he did 
not spell the varietal epithet in the proper manner. 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 97 


ERIOCAULON CUBENSE Ruhl. 

Additional bibliography: Ruhl. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 22: 
29.6 1925; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. Te 88. 19295 Moldenke , Ne 
Am. Fl. 19: 18 & 20. 1937; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 313. 1939; 
Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc.  & 33. 1946; Leén, Fl. 
Cuba 1: 280. 196; Moldenke, Résumé 53 & 80. 1959. 

Additional citations: ISLA DE PINOS: Ekman 12065 (Ca--9127)—— 
isotype, N--photo of type, S--type, Z--photo of type). 


ERIOCAULON CUSPIDATUM Dalz. 

Additional bibliography: Dalz. in Hook., Kew Journ. 3: 281. 
1851; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 878. 1893; 
Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 63 581. 189); Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- 
reich 13 (4-30): 102, 10h, 168, & 285. 1903; Fyson, Journ. Indian 
Bot. Soc. Zs 317-3 9 pl. Bole 1921; Co Ee Ine Fischer in Gamble, 
Fl. Presid. Madras 9: 1606 & 1618. 1931; Moldenke, Known Geogr. 
Distrib. Erioc. 23 & 33. 196; Razi, Journ. Mysore Univ. 7 (h): 
77. 1946; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 878. 
196; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 189 (1949) and 3: 322. 1950; Razi, 
Journ. Mysore Univ. 11 (1): 6 & 16. 1950; Moldenke, Résumé 162, 
165, & 480. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 
1: 878. 1960; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 18). 1965. 

Illustrations: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot, Soc. 2: pl. 38. 1921. 

Fyson (1921) describes this species as follows: "Stem disci- 
form. Leaves 1—), in. by 1/6—~1/l in. exactly oblong up to the 
round and apiculate or cuspidate apex above 7 nerved. Scapes 
several 8--15 in. Head Vh in, diam., globose, white. Floral 
bracts cuneate, obovate, hairy. Sepals of both sexes 2 only 
(F.B.I. has '3, one flat') female sepals deeply boatshaped and 
enlarged down the back. Seeds oblong, quite smooth. Petals 3, 
linear-lanceolate, unequal." He gives its distribution as 
"Peninsular India; N. Mysore; Kanara, at sea-level, Malabar and 
Concan” and comments that "The leaves make this a very distinct 
species." He cites Dalziel 138 in the Calcutta herbarium. Razi 
(1950) also records the species from Mysore. 

Additional citations: INDIA: Bombay: Sedgwick & Bell 7016 (a, 
Z). Kerala: Stocks, Law, &. 20 (B), sen. [Concan] ( y. Mysore: 


327 (Mi). 


ERIOCAULON CUSPIDATUM var. BRACTEATUM Fyson 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon cuspidatum var. bracteata Fyson, Journ. 
Indian Bot. Soc. 2: 316. 1921. 

Bibliography: Fyson, Journ. Indian Bot. Soc. 2: 318. 1921. 


ERIOCAULON DALZELLII Ktrn. 

Synonymy: Eriocaulon rivulare Dalz. in Hook., Kew Journ. 3: 
280. 1851 [not E. rivulare G. Don, 18)9]. 

Bibliography: Hook., Kew Journ. 3: 280. 1851; Ktrn., Linnaea 
27: 605. 1856; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 


4,98 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 7 


878 & 879. 1893; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 91 & 
285. 1903; H. Lecomte, Not. Syst. 2: 215. 1912; Haines, Bot. Bihar 
& Orissa 6: 1066--1068. 192k; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. 
Kew., pr. 2, 1: 878 & 879. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. 
Erioc. 23, 33, & 39. 19463 Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 189--190. 199; 
Razi, Journ. Mysore Univ. ctl (1): 16. 1950; Moldenke, Résumé 159, 
162, "167, fe: & 480. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., In, 
Kew., pr. 3, 1: 878 & 879. 1960; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 
185. 1965. 

The E. rivulare of Don, mentioned in the synonymy above, is a 
synonym of E. latifolium J. Sm. 

Lecomte (1912) states that E. dalzellii differs from E. eber- 
hardtii H. Lecomte in having its scapes 10- (not 6—) costate and 
its anthers white (not black). 

The W. Griffith 5563 and Herb. R. Wight 2855, cited by me as 
E. dalzellii ina previous installment of these notes, prove to be 
E. odoratum Dalz. instead. The Herb. Roy. Forest Dept. 1817h, 
distributed as E. dalzellii, also is ; actually E.. E. odoratun. m. Razi 
(1950) records Ea. dalzellii from Mysore. 

Additional citations: INDIA: Bombay: San tapau 17667 (Xa). Ker- 
ala: Stocks, Law, &c. sen. (Malabar, Concan, &c.] ~(B, | MN, S, Ut— 
314). Mysore: Dhanvantari s.n. [Castle Rocks, 7-10-51] (ies 
3206). State undetermined: “Dalzell 1494 (T). 


ERIOCAULON DAMAZIANUM Beauverd 

Additional bibliography: Beauverd, Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 
8: 986. 1909; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, pr. 1, 82 (1913) and 
pr. 2, 82. 1938; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 7 & 33. 
196; *Moacyr Lisboa, Gent. Nascim. Leon. Bot. Damazio [2]. 195h; 
Moldenke, Résumé 88 & 180. 1959. 


ERIOCAULON DECANGULARE L. 
Additional & emended synonymy: Randalia mariana procerior 


Petiv., Gaz. Nat. 10, pl. 6, fig. 2. 1702. Eriocaulon decanqulare 
L. ex S. Ell., Sketch Bot. os 565, sphalm. 182). Randalia decan- 
are Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, sér. 1, 13: 47, pl. 5, fige 2 

1828. Randalia americana Petiv. apud Kunth, Emm. Pl. 3: 543, in 
syn. 181. Ran Randalia decangularis Beauv. ex Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3 
543. 1841. Paepalanthus decangularis L. ex Ktrn. in Mart., Fl. 
Bras. 3 (1): 491 [as "Paepalantho decangulari"]. 1863. Eriocaulon 
gnaphalodes Ell. apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 
1: 878, in syn. 1893 [not E. gnaphalodes Beauv., 1959, nor Michx., 


1803, nor C. Wright, 1900). Eriocaulon decemangulare L. ex Mol- 
denke, Résumé 287, in syn. 1959. Brioc Eriocaulon decangulare Michx. 


ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 17, in syn. in syn. 1959. Eriocaulon 
gnaphalodes Bernhardi ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 17, in syn. 
1959. Eriocaulon decandulare L. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 499 


31, in syn. 1962. Eriocaulon decangular L. ex Kral, Sida 2: 305, 
sphalm. 1966. 

Additional & emended bibliography: Petiv., Gaz. Nat. 10, pl. 
6, fig. 2. 1702; Le, Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 87 & 129. 1753; Crantz, Inst. 
1: 360. 1766; Pluk., Alm. pl. 409, fig. 5. 1769; Walt., Fl. Carol. 
83. 1788; Lan., Mcycl. Méth. Bot. 3: 276. 17893; Willd. in L., Sp. 
Fl., ed. 4, 1: 486. 1797; Michx., Fl. Bor.-am. 2: 165. 1803; 
Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 91. 1813 Roem. & Schult. in L., Syst. 
Veg., ed. 15 nova, 2: 86. 1817; Nutt., Gen. 1: 90. 1818; S. Ell., 
Sketch Bot. 2: 565--566. 182h; Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, sér. ], 
13: 7-8, pl. 5, fig. 2 & 3. 1828; Beck, Bot. 370. 1833; Raf. 
Autikon Bot., pr. 1, 188--189. 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: Blah, 
563, & 580. 1841; Schlecht., Linmaea 18: 435. 1844; W. Griff., 
Notul. 3: 118. 1851; Ktrn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 7h, 476, 
91, & 497. 1863; Morong, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 35h. 18913 
Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 878. 1893; 
Coult., Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 459. 18943 Jacks. in Hook. 
f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 681. 1895; Britton & Br., Ill- 
ustr. Fl., ed. 1, 1: 372 & 602, fig. 901 (1896) and 3: 537. 
1896; J. K. Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. 1, 236. 1903; Ruhl. 
in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 1, 31, 33, 35, & 285. 1903; 
Re Mo Harper;/Ann. N.Y. Acad.-Sei. 272-267) ph. 2h, fig. 2s 
1906; M. A. Day, Check List 39. 1908; Robins. & Fern. in A. Gray, 
New Man. Bot., ed. 7, 261 & 898. 1908; Ann. Rep. N. J. State Mus. 
1910: pl. 28, fig. 2. 1912; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, 
1: 455, fig. 113. 1913; J. K. Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. 
2, 236. 1913; Uphof in Karst. & Schenck, Vegetationsbild. 21 
(1-2): nop. 1930; J. K. Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 258. 1933; 
Cory, Texas Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 550: 29. 1937; Moldenke, N. Am. 
Fl. 19: 18 & 21. 1937; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 31)—~316. 1939; 
Moldenke in Lundell, Fl. Texas 3 (1): —5. 192; Raf., Autikon 
Bot., pr. 2, 188--189. 1943; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 12h. 19h; 
R. R. Tatnall, Fl. Del. 75. 196; Fern., Rhodora 8: iv & 58. 
1946; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 878 
(1946) and 2: 681. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 
{1)--3, 34, 40, & 56. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 153 (1948), 
3: 190—-192 (1949), 3: 383—385 (1950), and 3: 68. 1951; Thorne, 
Am. Midl. Nat. 52: 281. 195); Angely, Pl. Paran. 10: . 1957; 
Moldenke, Résumé 7—12, 1), 23, 27, 287, 288, 292, 293, 342, 350, 
414, & 480. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 2, 3, 17, & 23 
(1959) and 2: 2. 1960; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., 
pr. 3, 1: 878 (1960) and 2: 681. 1960; Fables, Bartonia 32: 9. 
1961; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 2-5, 7, & 31 (1962), : [1]—~3 
(1962), 5: 2 (1962), and 6: [1]. 1963; Gleason & Cronquist, Mn. 
Vase. Pl. 18). 1963; Batson, Wild Fls. S.C. 28. 196h; Moldenke, 
Résumé Suppl. 11: [1] (19645 and 12: [1]. 1965; Shinners, Sida 2: 
Whi. 1966; Kral, Sida 2: 302305 & 330. 1966; Rickett, Wild Fls. 
U. Se 2 (1): 135 (1967) and 2 (2): 659. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé 
Suppl. 15: [1] (1967) and 16: [1] & 2. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 
17: 382. 1968. 

Additional illustrations: Petiv., Gaz. Nat. pl. 6, fig. 2. 


500 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 7 


1702; Batson, Wild Fls. S. C. 28 [in color]. 196h. 
It is perhaps worth pointing out here that the homonymous des- 
ignations, E. decangulare Hill and E, decangulare Huds., are syno- 


nyms of the Old Jorld E, septangulare With., E. dec 


Lightf. is the New World E. pellucidum Michx., E. decangulare 
Willd. is E. humboldtii Kunth, E. gnaphalodes Beauv. and E. gnaph- 


alodes Wichx. are E. campressum . Lame, and E. halodes C. Wright 
S60) Be) Ee pseudocompressum Ruhl. Although Jackson (1893) accredits 


the ~homonym, E. gnaphalodes Ell., to S. Ell., Sketch Bot. 2: 565 


(182), the binomial is there plainly attributed to Michaux. The 
initial letter of the specific epithet is often uppercased,. 
Eriocaulon decangulare L. is the type species of the genus Er- 
iocaulon. It is worth oe the comments of Kunth (181) re- 
garding Symphachne xyroides Beauv. & Desv.: "Endlicher cum ? ad 
Philodicen ducit. Planta a cel. Beauvois sub nomine Symphachnis 
xyroidis accepta nil nisi specimen valde juvenile Eriocauli decan- 
gularis esse videtur; florem structuram enucleare mihi haud 
licuit." The same author, under E, wightianum Mart., comments 
that "Huic speciei pro aliis habitu accedit E. decangulare Linn." 
Kral (1966) says for E. decangulare: "Sandy or peaty lake- 
shores, pine flatwood, ditches, margins of cypress domes, or sa- 
vannas, primarily in the coastal plain, Florida north to New Jer- 
sey, west to eastern Texas. Type. In swamps, North America. Not 
seen by this writer. This is the most robust of the Eriocaulons 
of the southern United States and it is certainly one of the more 
conspicuous floral elements in the midsummer and fall savannas, 
its white ‘buttons! providing a pleasing contrast in a sea of 
grass and sedge. It is also to be distinguished from sympatric 
Eriocaulons by its narrowly acute to acuminate receptacular 
bractlets, the pale tips of which are noticeably exserted from 
the heads, anc by the firmer character of its foliage and inflor- 
escences. The stature, leaf length and breadth, and the head 
size of E. decangulare all tend to be less as one travels west 


toward Texas or north along the Atlantic coastal plain. The 
largest examples of this species are to be found in northwest 
Florida (E. decangular L. var. latifolium Chapm. ex Moldenke)." 
Recent collectors have found this plant growing ina great 
variety of habitats, which they describe as follows: moist or 
pine savannas, flatwoods, low pinebarrens, low savannas with 
few scattered pines, boggy pinelands, pinebarren bogs and swamps, 
bogs in longleaf pine hills, hillside and mountain bogs, pineland 
swales, shrub bogs and Sarracenia bogs, on gravel in seepage 
bogs, in sandy clay peat or sandy peat in flatwood bogs, in sandy 
soil along brooks in cutover longleaf pine country, in pastured 
pine savannas, in boggy sandy margins and adjacent woods near 
ponds, burned-over shrub savannas, roadside or acid roadside 
ditches, in pocosins and pocosin borders, low woodlanc borders, 
muddy Sphagnum holes in shaded swamps, exsiccated cypress ponds, 
in barely emersed Sphagnum, swamp and shallow lake areas in oak 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae Sol 


woods, and among severely cutover longleaf pine ‘crayfish flats' 
with much myrtle and sweetgum shrubbery. It ascends to 2500 feet 
in western North Carolina. 

Thorne (1951) states that the species is "common" in moist 
pinelands, cypress ponds, and bogs; Novosad reports it "abundant 
in acid bogs, full sun" in Texas; Rock found it "abundant in 
ditch bordering a Muhlenbergia-Arundinaria grass savannah with 
pine not yet in aspect dominance; some Clethra and Cyrilla pre- 
sent" in North Carolina; while Webster & Wilbur report it "common 
in low moist areas in woods of longleaf pine and some hardwoods", 
also in Texas. Correll & Johnston note that the plants form 
"large clumps", Lakela found it in "sandy mucky soil and shallow 
open water; drier soil with forbs and grasses" in Collier County, 
Florida. 

In spite of the statement that it is normally a late-bloomer, 
specimens have been collected in anthesis from April to September 
and in November, in fruit both in June and in September and No- 
vember. Fables (1961) emphasizes that in New Jersey it blooms 
later than E. compressum Lam, Tatnall (196) avers that on the 
Delmarva Peninsula it occurs mostly in Sussex County pinebarrens, 
flowering from July to September. The Lundells say for their 
NO. 11902 "perennial herb, corolla yellow, anthers orange", but 
surely th: this must be a case of faulty transcription when the labels 


were made, 
Arséne 11030 in the Berlin herbarium has a printed label read- 


ing "PL. du MEXIQUE", but a longhand inscription "Covington"; no. 
11786 has a similar printed label and the inscription "Covington- 
Fairview", Obviously the specimens are from Louisiana, not Mexico. 

The Palisot de Beauvois s.n., cited below, is the type collec- 
tion of Symphachne xyrioides Beauv. & Desv., but the labels are 
inscribed "Symphachne xyroides Beauv." and "S. xyroides Palis." 

Ahles & Leisner 31896 and Ray, Lakela, & Patman man 10062 exhibit 
binary flower-heads! C. R. Bell s.n. wo 10, ~10, 1958] exhibits 3 
flower-heads with large » foliaceous—proliferated involucral bract- 
lets. Mikula 3056 has very soft compressed heads; J. T. Baldwin 
Jr. 182) is from the sane locality and is very immature but 
doubtless conspecific. Possibly this may represent a hybrid with 
E. campressum Lam. Godfrey 1.8489 and B. W. Wells sen. [July lh, 
1949] have very narrow leaves; similarly, B Be We Wells sen. [Bur- 
gaw, 6/23/1945] has very narrow and not very firn m leaves, es, but its 
heads are still very immature. Perhaps these may also represent 
this hybrid. 

The F. A. Barkley 13543, cited by Kral as typical E. decangu- 
lare, is 8 the type collection of var. minor Moldenke, and Kral 
17208 also represents that variety. Li Lighthi sen. [Tom's River, 
Sept. 1, 1890] is a mixture with E. compressum var. harperi Mol- 
denke. The Jansson s.n. [Aug. 26, 1950] specimen, cited below, is 
a mixture with E. compressum Lam. and is so mounted that the E. 


502 PORT OL Ou Tek Vol. 17, no. 7 


decangulare scape appears to be issuing from an E. compressum 
basal leaf-rosette! 

Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria un- 
der the names E, anceps Walt., E, articulatum (Huds.) Morong., E. 


compressum Lam., Ee E. septangulare With., E. texense KUrn., Lachno- 
caulon sp., and even Phalaris arundinacea L. 
On the other hand, the Bell & Kim 281, W. M Canby 5 .n. (Damp 


A aes lip a ha asec | ote HEB ——_— ———  _——_ 


ville] & s.n. [Pine barren swamps, July 188-], and Kadford & Stew- 
art 328, distributed as 3. decangulare, are all E. compressum . Latie; 
Bee Fe . Blake 10665 is E. compressum = harperi Moldenke; Tharp, 
Turner,  & Johnston 5u95y is E. texense Kérn.; and B. E. Smith s.n. 
[5/25/32] is Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong. According % a 
Kral, the F. A. Barkley 13543 & 13556, Painter & Barkley 13510, 


Rowell 8050 & 8136, and Tharp l3h, Lu3bb, & Lu3bkb, all cited by 
me as me as 5. te: texense, are actually E. a E. dec aang Novosad 80, dis= 


tributed as E, texense, is also E E, decangulare. Actually, I re- 
gard F. A. Barkley 1353 as the type collection of E. decangulare 
var. minor Moldenke, and Kral 17208, distributed as E. decangu- 
lare, “also represents that va variety. 
~~Additional citations: NEW JERSEY: Atlantic Co.: Diffenbau 

3016 (Dt); C. A. Gross s.n. [Weymouth Paper Works, Aug. 1 15, £83) 
(Ca—67329), son. (Aug. 29, 1883] (Ca—67330), sen. [July 1891] 
(Dt); Killip 13290 (S). Burlington Co.: R. Ce Alexander S.ne 
[Batsto, 2 Jul. '69] (Ca—379006); J. A. “Allen SoM. [Atsion, 
Aug. 1h, 1879] (Ca--2)10); Brinton s.n. ~ [Quaker Bridge, June 22, 
1880] (Ca—67586) ; Chrysler & Johnson sen. [Aug. 11, 1936] (B); 
Commons s.n. [Oct. 1 , 1872) (Ms—1546 67); Dautun sen. (Sept. 20, 
1907] (EB); Ee H. Eames 23387 (Ws), sn. (Chatsworth, Sept. 15, 
1896)).(S), sen. . [Chatsworth, Sept. 15, 1897] (Hi—-77052); Ewer 
oh (is——-L3549); Fogg 45k2 (S); Johnson & Brer 91k (1is—l3550) ; 
Lawrence & Dress 575 (Ca—80535); We He We He Leggett s. sen. [Quaker 
Bridge, Aug. 6th, 1564] (N); 0. Reed sen. (Quaker Bridge, July 
22, 1950] (We); We R. Taylor 7.008 (Mi). Camden Co.: J. We 
Adams 49-358 (Hi--56h,25) ; Ge We W. Bassett s.n. [Atco, July 19, 1923] 
Gs, Ws Ws); Buc! Buckheister 901 (Dt), Sone (Cedar B Brook, 31 July '99] 
(Dt). Cape May Co.: G. W. Bassett s.n. [Cold Spring, July 16, 
1917) (S). Ocean ie pb Ba Je Alexander | sn. [Forked River, Sept. 
18, 1932] (N); N. L. Britton SMe [Manchester, Aug. 28, 1879] (N), 
sn. [Forked River, J Aug, 27, 1889) (Ca—-2h09); E. He Day sen. [Is- 
land Heights, 1.9.82] (N); Eggleston 489) (Dt); H Heuser sen. [3 
Sept. 1896] (B); Jansson s.n. [Aug. 26, 1950] (Go); F. C. Lane 
1870 (Ur); Lighthipe s.n Sone - [Tom's Eine Sept. l, 1890] ica 
841790) ; Mackenzie L257 ( (S). County undetermined: W. M. Canby s. 
n. [Pine barrens, Aug. ug. 1861] (Ws), s sen. (July 186] “(Ms--15472) 5 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 503 


W. Re Taylor T.1073 [Davenport] (Mi); J. Torrey 22 (S); Tweedy s. 
n. [Pine barrens, Sept. 1881] (Ca--17363\). PENNSYLVANIA: Phila- 
delphia Co.: Ge Wateon sen. [Philadelphia] (Ca--379005). County 
undetermined: “Herb. Braun son. (B). DELAWARE: Sussex Co.: H. Re 
Baker s.n. [1 Sept. 1930] (Ws); Goodale 62518 (Herb. Piper 1203) 
(0k), sen. [10 Sept. 1931] (Ms--62518). County undetermined: 
Bernhardi | Sen. (B). MARYLAND: Baltimore Co.: Morong s.n. [Aug. 
11, 1873] (Be). Prince Georges Co.: S. F. Blake 7989 (Ca—81791), 
10665 (S); E. H. Walker 4160 (N). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: M.S. 
Bebb | SNe (Herb. Umbach 17933] (Ws); T. Holm s.n. [22/7/1888] (s, 
s\er sen. [7-1883] (B); F. H. Sargent 6374 (0 (Ok, » St); C. S. Sheldon 
8371 (Ca—-189377); Steele 5.n. [July 1912] (S). VIRGINIA: James 
City Co.: J.T. Baldwin Jr. 1482h 1482) (N); Mikula 3056 (N); H. N. Mol- 
denke 21357 (Le). Norfolk Co.: Fernald & Lon & Long - 13908 (We) 5 Hub- 
richt B.2508 (E--128)021). NORTH CAROLINA: Alexander Co.: Rad- 
ford & Stewart 1657 (Hi--22656). Alleghany Co.: A. E. Radford 
38341 (Hi--1192]8). Beaufort Co.: Davis & Davis 10511 (We). Bla- 
den Co.: Ahles 458/48 (Ur); Ahles & Haesloop 29110 29110 0 (Hi—119257); 
Fox & Godfrey 2653 frey 2653 (N). Brunswick Coe: Re K. , Godfrey 48396 (N)5 
B. W. Wells s.n, [July 1h, 1949] (No—~19791); Wood & Clement 7067 
(Hi--51189). Buncombe Co.: Biltmore Herb. 3867a 7a (Hi—77040), 
38674 (S). Carteret Co.: Blomquist 15262 (Ca--946l,93); A. E. 
Radford 4705 (Hi--838h); C. 5. Wood 6407 (Hi--51167). Catawba 
Co. Co.: Small & Heller s.n. [June e 25-26, ~3891) (Ms—-15),70). Clay 
Co.: Radford & Duke 645 (Hi--538h2), 6453 (Hi--53752). Columbus 
Coe: C. Re a= 12710 (Hi--119263); R. K. Godfrey 18489 (No— 
16392); P. 0. Schallert s.n. (Nakina, 672573) (Ca--5),0128) . 
Craven Co.: a E. Radford a 37513 (Hi--119262); B. W. Wells s.n. 
[July 1h, 1923] (No- =2625). Cumberland Co.: Ahles & Leisner 
33488 (Hi--119264). Dare Co.: P. 0. Schallert s.n SMe , [July 12, 
19k1] (Ca--841787, Hi--30287, Ok, Ur), s.n. [July 13, 191] (eee 
841786); B. W. Wells sen. (July 1, 1923] (N (No—-2623). Duplin Co.: 
Ahles & Haesloo 23199 (Hi—11925)). Harnett Co.: H. Laing 1439 
(Hi--97154). Henderson Co.: Barksdale Bene [8/10/37] (Hi); 
Singletary s.n. [Gier 365] (Je--6551). “Hoke Coe: Ahles & Haesloop 
29u5h (Hi--119266). Iredell Co.: M. E. Hyams sen. ~ [Statesville] 
(Dt); A. E. Radford 2679 (Hi—l,7998) 3 R Radford & & Radford 2637 (Hi-- 
30729); Veerhoff sen. [7/30/1934] (No—-262)). Johnston Co.: Deans 
sen. [Aug. 1932] (Hi—77036). Jones Co.: A. E. Radford 37120 (Hi- 
119247). Lenoir Co.: A. E. Radford 25772 (Hi=-97159). Lincoln 
Coot Cy Re Bell SNe (Sept. 10, 1958] (Hi--134743, Hi—134744). 
Moore Cos: Ashe gen. [June 20, 1897] (Hi—2869); Blankinship s.n. 
[Southern Pines, July 18, 189¢] (Lb—-206)3); Matthews & Holland 
sen. [Oct. 26, 1929] (Hi—77037, Hi~-77039). New Hanover Co.: 


504 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 7 


Biltmore Herb. 3867o (Hi—77041). Onslow Co.: C. Ee. Wood 6520 
(Hi—51165, N). Pam Pamlico Co.: As Es Radford 35963 (Hi—119261) . 
Pender Co.: Ahles & Leisner 32349 (Hi~—119260); Barksdale s.n. 
[7/13/37] (Hi--77035); Re K. Godfrey Tho 4,740 (o—2630) ; Herb. No North 
Carolina State Coll. 2628 (No); H . Le Rock 631 (St); B. Rac 
Wells sen. (July 2nd, 192) Uh her Be sen. (Burgaw, 6/23/19L5] 
(No——2619, No—2635). Richmond Co.: A. E. Radford 14158 (Hi-- 
97161). Robeson Co.: Ahles & Haesloop 29038 (Hi—-119251). Rowan 
Co.: A. A. Heller 180 (Ca—21,08) , 181 (Ca--2),13). Sampson Co.: 
Ahles & Leisner 33690 (Hi—119255). Scotland Co.: Ahles & Haes- 
loop 28610 (Hi—119256, St). Tyrrell Co.: A. E. Radford 39234 
(Hi--119249). Roanoke Island [Dare Co.]: we Be Radford adford él, 
(Hi—L8382); Radford & Stewart 907 (Ca--8),1788, Hi--150L6) ; P.O. 
Schallert 535 (B). County undetermined: G. McCarthy s.n. [ Julius 
188) (Hi—77038), s.n. [Julio 1885] (Hi—2868). SOUTH CAROLI- 
NA: Allendale Co.: C, Cail Bell 3983 (Hi-—-97168). Bamberg Co.: 
Ahles & Haesloop 30487 (Hi—119259). Beaufort Co.: Ahles & Bell 
12381 (Hi—97169). Berkeley Co.: Ahles & Haesloop 2629 26429 (Hi— 
97170), 30671 (Hi--119258); Godfre rey & y & Tryon 603 (Ca—957175)3 Re 
F. Martin 1187 (N). Charleston Co.: “Mi, Haai Haas s.n. (June 28, 
1930] (Go). Chesterfield Co.: A. Ee Radford 12455 (i—97172) « 
Clarendon Co.: A. E. Radford 24605 (1 (Hi—97171). C Colleton Co.: 
C. R. Bell 4583 ( (Hi—97173) « Darlington Co.: W. C. Coker s.n. 
[8/15/1908] (Hi~770h7), sen. [July 5, 1909] (Hi—770L8) ; Je ae Be 
Norton s.n. [July 12, 1920] (Hi—77045); Radford & Stewart 397 
(Hi--15712). Dillon Co.: Ahles & Haesloop 27862 (Hi—-119252). 
Dorchester Co.: Ahles & Haesloop 26161 ) 26181 (Hi—9717b) Ahles & 
Leisner 31896 (Hi--119253). Florence Coe: C. Re Bell 7553 (Hi— 
97175). Georgetown Co.: Go dfrey & Tryon 343 3 (Ca—957161, Mi); 
ae 0. Schallert sen. [9/1/40] (Ws). Hampton Co.: C. Re. Bell 
3691 (Hi—97176); Wilbur & Webster 2833 (N). Horry y Cos: C. Re 
Bell 7785 (Hi—-97169). Jasper Co.: C. Re Bell 4937 (Hi—-97190) . 
Kershaw Co.: H. D. House 2691 (E); A. . E. Radford 27640 (Hi— 
97155). Lee Co.: A. E. Radford 27362 (Hi—97191). Marlboro Co.: 
Houten & Schoenmakers - 1021 (Ut--52773a) ; A. E. Radford 15565 
(Hi—-97160) . Orangeburg Co.: Ahles & Leisner 31792 (Hi--119250) . 
ates Co.: A. E. Radford 2007 (Hi--97162). Williamsburg Co.: 
odfrey & Tryon 509 (Ca—95717h); A- E- Radford 24753 (Hi--97163). 
aaa Bacon Cos: A. R. Moldenke 31,8 (Fg). Ben Hill Co.: We 
H. Rhoades s.n. [Fitzgerald, Aug. 1926] (Ws). Bleckley Co.: i 
R. Moldenke 380 (Fg). Chatham Co.: Herb. Mt. Holyoke Sem. sen. 
[Savannah] (Dt). Clinch Co.: A. R. Moldenke 333 (Fe, S)- Dodge 
Co.: A. Re Moldenke )18 (Fg). “Dooly Coe: J.T. T. Curtis sen. [Aug. 
3, 1939] (Ws). Douglas Co.: Cronquist 5425 (Ca-—777560, N)« 


1968 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 505 


Grady Co.: A. Re Moldenke 302(Fg). Jeff Davis Co.: A. R. Molden- 
ke 349 (Fg). Lee Co.: Thorne & Muenscher 8308 (Vi). Lowndes Co.: 
A. R. Moldenke 316 (Fg). McIntosh Co.: Harmer 618 (S). Screven 
Co.: A. R. Moldenke 17 (Fg). Telfair Co.: A. R. R. Moldenke 361 
(Fg). Thomas Co.: Mrs. Taylor s.n. [Thomasville, Aug. , 1903] 
(Rf). Ware Co.: A. R. Moldenke 338 (Fg, S); P. 0. Schallert 3961, 
in part (B, Je-~7056). Wilcox Co.: We F. Rhoades | Sone [Abbee- __ 
ville, July & Aug. 1925] (Ws). Worth Co.: Svenson | 6930 (Ca—— 
£99919) . Blackbeard Island: W. H. Duncan 20365 (Lb—]2829). Sa- 
pelo Island: W. H. Duncan 20365, i in part (Hi—1060)3, Ws). County 
undetermined: “Beyrich s.n S.n. ~ [Georgia] (B, B). FLORIDA: Bay Co.: 
Farmer sn. [July 25, 1959] (Hi—210975); Perdue 1643 (Ca—L9708, 
Rf, Ur, Ut--61167b). Brevard Co.: Melvin s.n. sen. [July h, 1957] (Hi- 
119265); H. N, Moldenke 233 (S). Collier Co.: Lakela 30322 (N). 
Duval Co.: Curtiss 3016 (Ca--211, Ms—-15)71), 5690 [. [June 2h] 
(Ca—12521, Dt), 5690 [Aug. 21] (Ca—1h2521, Dt); Lighthipe 475 
(Herb. Umbach 10991] (Ws). Escambia Co.: M. Morgan P.1 (Ca-- 
841789); Redfearn & Kral 2718 (Hi—111828). Franklin Co.: Re 
Kral 2813 (N); Re (N); Redfearn arn 2665 (N). Hernando Co.: Re A. Howard 
12953 (B, B, B, ~Ca—h867L, N, Ok, S, St, Ur, Ut--6963hb, Vi, We). 
Highlands Cow: C. C. Deam 64210 61,210 (No-~21316) . Hillsborough Co.: 
Ray, Lakela, & Patman 10062 2 (Hi--201768) Jefferson Co.: Godfrey 
& Kral 54896 (N). Lake Co.: Nash 847 (Ca--115166, Mm—7960), 
1722 22 (Ca—115169, Mm—-7959), s.n. {August 10, 189] (N). Levy Co.: 
Kral & Kral 6920 (N). Liberty Co.: A. Re. Moldenke 279 (Fg), 283 
(Fe); Redfearn mn 2626 (N). Manatee Co.: Perdue 1757 (Ca—27825, Rf - 
Ut--61229b); S S. M.S Tracy 7587 (Ws). Orange Co.: Barrows sen. [Win- 
ter Park, 189] (Dt). Palm Beach Co.: Fennell & Jones ones 972 . (Ca— 
841792); W. B. Fox sen.[Apr. 2, 19h5] (No=-15827). Pinellas Co.: 
Re Fe Thorne 1353 (Ca--907023). Polk Co.: McFarlin 3418 (Mi), 6213 
(M4), 6216 (Ca-—593592, Mi). Putnam Co.: P. 0. Schallert 3961 
(Hi--56323). Saint Lucie Co.: H. Ne Moldenke 21187 (Hk, Sm, Ss). 
Santa Rosa Co.: E. S. Ford 56 (1 (Hi—15' 158655); Kral & Redtaeen 2932 
(Hi—111311); A. Re -Moldenke 266 (Fg). Seminole Co.: P. 0. Schal- 
lert 3961, in part (Je=8731, S, S, Ur). Volusia Co.: P. 0 , Schal- 
lert 3961, in part (Ws). Wakulla Co.: Kral & Godfrey y 2342 (Me- (Ms—- 
4728). Walton Co.: A. R. Moldenke 268 (Fe). County undetermined: 
Herb. Chapman s.n. [Florida] (Ok, Ok). ALABAMA: Baldwin Co.: Dem- 
aree aree 35929 (Ss); Dress & Read 7498 (Go); A. R. Moldenke 265 (Fe); 
Se S. M. Tracy - Tracy 80h3 (iis) 5 We Wolf s.n s.n. [Elberta, . Aug. 21, 1925] (Ca— 
841793). © Cherokee Co.: “We Me Harper 3996 (N). Mobile Co.: C. Fe 
Baker s.n. (Mobile, 7/20/1897) (Hi—770Lk) 5 Bush 71 (S). Washing- 
ton Co.: S S. B. Jones s.n. [31 Aug. 1960] (Hi--210913) . County un- 
determined: Buckley 132 (Ws), s.n. (Alabama, July 1820] (Br). 


506 PHYTOLOG 


IA Vol. 17, no. 7 


Index to Authors in Volume Seventeen 


Boivin, B., 57 

Chung, I.-C., 353 

Degener, 0. & I., 113, 343, 369 
Dwyer, J. D., Lhd 

Gunn, C. R., 1 

Khudairi, A. K., Yl 

Koyama, T., 396 

TAttle, ‘Beclwg aliag ety 26 Te 


439 
Moir, W. W. Ge, 25, 29 


Moldenke, A. L., 345, 22 
Moldenke, H. N., 8, 113, ik, 
2l0, 3h, 348, 372, 435, 450, 
2B 


Moura, C. A. F. de, 2h7 

Myint, T., & Ward, D. B., 121 

Reed, C. Fe, 249, 65 

Rhyne, C. F., & Robinson, H., 
4,67 

Wunderlin, R. P., 25 


Index to Supra-specific Scientific Names in Volume Seventeen 


Abacopteris, 29-251, 253, 256, 
260, 261, 28h, 289, 294, 313, 
66 


Abies, 335, 39 

Acacia, 41, 50, 161 

Acalypha, 1 

Acnida, 70 

Acrostichum, 252, 253, 267, 298, 
300, 305, 311, 319, 65 

Adansonia, }2 

Aegopodium, 101, 106, 107 

Afzelia, 2 

Aleurites, 113 

Allophylus, 2 

Alsophila, 273 

Amaranthaceae, 58, 69 

Amaranthus, 65, 69, 70 

Amauropelta, 251, 256, 288 


Apjohnia, 67, 468, 470 

Araliaceae, 32 

Araliales, 99 

Armeria, 77, 78 

Arundina, 343 

Arundinaria, 501 

Asimina, l, 3 

Aspidiaceae, 250, 25) 

Aspidites, 279, 296 

Aspidium, 29, 252, 253, 255-257, 
259=316, 318-320, 322-32) 

Asterochlaena, 253, 25) 

Astripomoea, 236 

Atenia, 107 

Athyriun, 259, 270, 278, 279 

Atriplex, 58, 63-66 

Axyris, 59, 66 

Bassia, 59, 66 


Ampelopteris, 251, 253, 255, 256,Bauhinia, 245, 2h6 


306 
Anadyomenaceae, 1,67 
Anagallis, 71, 77 
Andrographis, 1h 
Androsace, 71, 73 
Anemone, 371 
Anethum, 101, 107, 108 
Angelica, 101, 107, 108 
Anisocampium, 257, 261 
Antidesma, 161 
Aphyllanthes, 373 


Bignoniaceae, 0 

Blanchetia, 25 

Blastocaular, 373 

Blastocaulon, 373, 374, 450 

Blitum, 60 

Bocoa, 35 

Boisduvalia, 80, 82, 83 

Bonamia, 121-157, 159-235, 237- 
239 

Boodlea, 67 

Boodleaceae, 167 


1968 


Borojoa, 4lS--h7, lho 

Boykinia, 93 

Brachystegia, 33, 41, 43, 2hh, 
45k 

Breweria, 126-13), 136, 153, 
156, 157, 160, 162, 163, 168- 
170, 174, 177, 178, 179, 181, 
182, 191, 197, 198, 203, 20h, 
208, 209, 211, 216, 22h, 225, 
232, 234-238 

Breweriopsis, 126, 127, 13h, 
168, 169, 175 

Brighamia, 369 

Brosimum, 28 

Buddleia, 15 

Buddleja, 343, 371 

Bupleurum, 101, 10) 

Bursera, 28 

Bussevillia, 377 

Byrsonima, 28 

Callitrichaceae, 78, 86 

Callitriche, 86, 87 

Calycobolus, 12), 126, 127, 131, 
162, 186, 191, 192, 23h-236, 
238, 239 

Campanulaceae, 369 

Canavalia, 115 

Carex, 396-18 

Carissa, 2 

Carptotepala, 374, 375 

Carum, 100, 106, 107 

Caryophyllales, 58 

Casasia, )h9 

Cecropia, 

Cedrus, 335 

Centunculus, 71, 77 

Cespa, 377 

Ceterach, 261, 305 

Chaetodiscus, 378, 382 

Chamaedoris, 68 

Chamaenerion, 81 

Cheilanthes, 313 

Chenopodiaceae, 58, 69 

Chenopodiales, 58 

Chenopodium, 59-64, 66, 68 

Chlorophyceae, 71 


Index 


507 


Chlorophycophyta, 171 
Chlorophyta, 71 
Chrysosplenium, 89, 96, 97 
Cicuta, 100, 101, 10-107 
Circaea, 80, 85, 86 
Citharexylum, 113 
Cladophoropsis, 67, 468, 470 
Clermontia, 369 
Clerodendrum, 13 
Codonanthus, 126 
Cogswellia, 110 
Comanthera, 376, 377, 450 
Combretum, 26, 156, 215 
Compositae, 377 
Conimitella, 89, 96 
Conium, 100, 104 
Connutia, 29 
Convolvulaceae, 121, 126, 128, 
eol=239 
Convolvulus, 157, 163, 168, 
182, 22), 225, 234-236 
Cordia, 25 
Corispermun, 59, 67 
Crassulaceae, 87, 88 
Croton, )1 
Cryptotaenia, 101, 106 
Ctenitis, 278, 312 


Cupressus, 139 
Curatella, 28 


Curcuma, 113 

Currania, 250, 251 

Cyanea, 369 

Cyathea, 273 

Cyatheites, 265 

Cyclogramma, 250, 251, 253, 256 

Cycloloma, 59, 63, 68 

Cyclosorinae, 251 

Cyclosoriopsis, 253 

Cyclosorus, 249-255, 258, 260, 
262-266, 269, 271, 272, 27h, 
275, 277, 278, 280, 281, 283, 
285-297, 289, 291, 292, 296, 
298-300, 302, 305, 307, 308, 
310-313, 315-317, 320, 322, 
32h, 325 

Cymodocea, 69 


508 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 7 
Cymopterus, 100, 108, 109 Eriaucolon, 378 

Cyperaceae, 382, 396, 452, 462 Ericaceae, 373 

Cyperus, 13, 39h Ericaulon, 377, 378 


Cyphioideae, 369 


Cyrtomiopsis, 253 
Dalium, 42 
Dasycladales, 71 
Daucus, 100, 111 
Delissea, 369 
Dendroctonus, 39 
Dethardigia, 126 
Dethardingia, 238 
Dichapetalum, 161 
Dichrolepis, 378 


Dictyocline, 250-252, 25h, 256, 


280 
Dictyoclineae, 250, 251 
Dictyoxiphiaceae, 250 
Didymochlaenaceae, 250 
Digitaria, 43 
Digitatae, 57 
Dimerae, 57 
Dimorphopteris, 253, 256, 29 
Diospyros, 161 
Diploxylon, 36 
Dipteropeltis, 127 
Dodecatheon, 70, 73, 7h 
Dodonaea, 31,3 
Douglasia, 70, 72 
Drosera, 98, 99 
Droseraceae, 98 
Dryopterideae, 29 
Dryopteridoideae, 254, 326 


Dryopteris, 249, 251, 254, 255, 


257-325, 465, 466 
Dryopteroideae, 255 
Dufourea, 126, 238 
Dupatya, 377 
Duranta, 34 . 
Elaphoglossaceae, 250 
Electrosperma, 373, 382, 391 
Eleocharis, 39) 
Enclea, 161 
Endolepis, 65 
Epilobium, 80-82 
Equisetum, 67 


Eriocaulaceae, 345, 349, 351, 
Sey 3139 Stee’ Otley Alep 
363, 385, 387, 
395, 450, 451, 
59; 461; 163; 
479, 481, 483, 
491, 493, 495, 
503 

Eriocaullon, 378 

Eriocaulon, 377, 382-391, 393- 
cor 450-64, 475-90, 4g2- 

O 


Eriocauloneae, 38 
Eriocaulum, 378 
Eriophyes, 23 
Erioucaulon, 377 
Ernodesmis, 67 
Eryngiun, 100, 102 
Erythrina, 28 
Eubreweria, 127 
Eucalyptus, 10, 205, 207 
Euglaphyropteris, 250 
Eugymnocarpium, 250 
Eumeniscium, 250 
Euphegopteris, 250 
Eurotia, 58, 66 
Euthelypteris, 250 
Bvolvulus, 179, 23h, 236 
Eximia, 7) 
Filicinae, 326 
Filix, 301, 328 
Fimbristylis, 382 
Foeniculun, 112 
Garcinia, 2 
Gardenieae, )5 
Gaura, 80, "85 
Gayophytun, 80, 85 
Genipa, Genipa, 6, lig 
Gesneriaceae, 126 
Glaphyropteridopsis, 253, 257 
Glaphyropteris, 29-253, 256 
Glaux, 71, 76 
Glmaceae, StS 


Goniopterideae, 250, 251 


1968 


Goniopteridinae, 251 

Goniopteridonsis, 250 

Goniopteris, 250-257, 261, 268, 
269, 275, 277, 278, 281, 283, 
287, 290, 292, 297, 308-310, 
B12, 3135 316, 319, 325 

Grewia, 1, 42 

Guagnebina, 358 

Guapira, 367, 368 

Guibourtia, 21) 

Gymnocarpium, 250, 251 

Gymnogramma, 249, 260, 262, 269, 
271, 273, 280, 288-290, 299, 
304, 306, 313, 316, 318, 323, 
4,66 

Halorrhagidaceae, 78, 79 

Hannoa, 39 

Haplocoelum, 1 

Haplodictyum, 253, 256, 276, 282 

Haploxylon, 36 

Harrisonia, 382 

Hemestheum, 256 

Hemionitis, 280, 299, 305, 306 

Heracleum, 101, 111 

Heterochlora, 353 

Heuchera, 89, 94, 95 

Hewittia, 23) 

Hippuris, 78-30 

Hoslundia, 2 

Hyoscyamus, 1) 

Hypodematium, 250, 251, 466 

fe iecaiazese, 250 

Hypolepis, 319 

Ipomoea, 128, 157, 225 

Isnardia, 80 

Jacquemontia, 237 

Juglans, 8 

Juncaceae, 373 

Juncoides, 373 

Juncus, 394 

Juniperus, 333, 338 

Kochia, 59, 66 

Lachnocaulon, 90, 502 

Lactuca, 

Lannea, 2 

Larix, 335 


Index 


509 


Lasiolepis, 378, 382 

Lasiolepsis, 378 

Lastraea, 255, 275 

Lastrea, 29-253, 255, 260, 262, 
266, 267, 269, 275-280, 236- 
289, 293, 2974) Sol, 305.) 306, 
eat 310, 313-316, 318, 322- 


3 

Lastrella, 250, 252 

Lastreopsis, 250 

Lavauxia, 8h 

Leiothrix, 95 

Leptarrhena, 89 

Leptogramma, 29-252, 25h, 256, 
265, 266, 281, 283, 305, 310, 
erally sry 

Leptotaenia, 110 

Lettsomia, 167 

Leucocephala, 377, 458 

Leucotho’, 373 

Levisticum, 101, 103-111 

Liberae, 57 

Liliaceae, 373 

Limonium, 77 

Lipocarpha, 5) 

Lithophragma, 89, 95 

Lobelia, 369 

Lobeliaceae, 369 

Lobelioideae, 369 

Lomatium, 100, 101, 10), 108, 
aa 

Ludwigia, 80 

Lycopodium, 

Lysianthes, 

Lysimachia, 


343 
Heal 
(Ole te eer 


Lythraceae, 78 
Lythrales, 78 
Lythrum, 78 
Macrocyclosorus, 250 
Macrothelypteris, 250, 251, 257, 
269, 326 
Magnolia, 1, 3, 7 
Manettia, 353-366 
Maripa, 186 
Melanoxylum, 25 
Menisetinae, 251 


510 


Meniscium, 2449-256, 258-260, 
261, 270, 276, 278, 283, 289, 
0, 2, 36, 311, 313, MS, 
319, 321 

Menisorus, 256, 302 

Meriolix, 8h 

Mesanthemum, 1450 

Mesochlaena, 256 

Mesoneuron, 251, 253, 257, 29k 

Metaporana, 12), 126, 234, 237 

Metathelypteris, 250, 251, 253, 
re PAE 

Metrosideros, 343 

Micranthes, 91 

Mimulus, 39h 

Mitella, 89, 96 

Monachosorella, 250 

Monachosorum, 250 

Monolepis, 59, 63 

Morinda, 113, 46 

Muhlenbergia, 501 

Msineon, 100, 104 

Myriophyllum, 79 

Myrrhis, 10) 

Naesea, ok 

iets tit, 311, a02 

Naumbergia, 75 

Neocyclosorus, 253 

Nephrandra, 120 

Nephrodium, 249, 257--259, 261- 
264, 266-278, 280-298, 300— 
30k, 306-315, 317, 319-325, 


Nyctaginaceae, 367 
Oenothera, 80 , 82-85 
Onagraceae, 78-80 
Oncidium, 25-1, 3) 

Oochlamys, 251, 256, 299 
Opuntia, 50 

Osmorhiza, 101-10), 106 

ae og 33 
Pachylophus, 85 

Eee aes, TIS F177 4 BO 

5 16, viet "1,81, ”1498 
Panicum, eh 


Parapolystichum, 250 


PHYTOLOGIA 


Vol. 17, no. 7 


Parathelypteris, 250, 251, 256 
Parnassia, 89, 97, 98 
Pastinaca, 101, 111 
Pecopteris, 259, 265, 275 
296, 300, 308 
Penicillium, 346 
Penthorum, 87, 88 
Perideridia, 100, 107 
Perispermm, 126, 134, 170, 237 
Peucedanum, 110 
Phalaris, 502 


Phegopteridinae, 251 

Phegopteris, 29-252, 255, 256, 
262, 264, 265, 268-272, 275- 
278, 284, 286, 292, 29h, 296, 
297, C3 fe 300, 303, 305, 306, 
309-312, 316, 32h 

Phyla, 1, 

Physematiun, 304 

Picea, 335 


Pinus, 329-331, 333-336, 336- 


32, 346, 439, 4ho 

Piriqueta, 2h7, 2448 

Pisonia, 367, 368 

Pistacia, 22 

Platymisciu, 28 

Plectrachne, 207, 211 

Plectronia, “hh 

Pleocnemia, 268 

Pluchea, 33 

Plumbaginaceae, 70, 77 

Pneumatopteris, 253, 256 

Polygonales, eB 

Polymeria, 212 

Polypodiaceae, 254, 255, 325, 
326 

Polypodites, 300, 316 

Polypodium, 249-257, 260-273, 
275-280, 282-28), 288, 291- 
303, 305, 307-322, 32h 

Polystichun, 257, 320 

Posoqueria, 47 

Prevostea, 126, 127, 160, 162, 
186, 191-193, 233, 237, 238 

Primula, 71-73 

Primlaceae, 70, 77 


rim es, °70 


» 279, 


1968 


Priva, 114 

Pronephrium, 256 

Prunus, 61 

Pseudocyclosorinae, 251 

Pseudocyclosorus, 251, 257 

Pseudophegopteris, 251, 257 

Pteridophyta, 325-327, 66 

Pteridrys, 250 

Pteris, Pteris, 249, 255, 268, 28h, 320 

Pterocarpus, 33. 186 

Pyrostoma, 5 

Pyrrhanthos, 353 

Quercus, 338 

Raillardia, 3h3 

Randalia, 377, 378, 382, 198 

Ranunculus, 39) 

Rapona, Banana 236 

Reilia, 373 

pelea 226,235 

Ricinus, 3 

Rollandia, 369 

Rosales, 87 

Rubiaceae, 353, hls 

Rubus, 371 

Rutaceae, 382 

Sadleria, 343 

Salicornia, 58, 67 

Salix, 1 

Salsola, 59, 68 

Sanicula, 100-102 

Santalun, 343 

Sapiun, Saree 

Sarcobatus, 58, 67, 68 

Sarracenia, 99, 64, 492, 500 

Sarraceniaceae, 98, 99 

Sarraceniales, 98 

Saxifraga, 89-9) 

Saxifragaceae, 87, 88 

Saxifragales, 87 

Scandix, 100, 102 

Scirpus, 49, 20 

Scleranthus, 58 

Seddera, 12h, 126, 127, i2h5. 
23237 

Sedum, 87, 88 

Silene, 72 


Index 


511 


Sinapis, 3 

Sium, 101, 107 
Siphonales, 71 
Siphonocladaceae, 467, 468 
Siphonocladales, 71 
Siphonocladus, 70 
Solanun, 113 
Sphaerochiloa, 3175) Ble 


Sphaerostephanaceae, 250 

Sphaerostephanos, Sphaerostephanos, 250, 251, 253, 
256, 305 

Sphagnum, 99, 418, 500 

Sphoerochloa, 377 

Spinacia, 58, 63, 64 

Spiranthes, 39) 

Sporobolus, 13 

Statice, 77 

Stegnogramma, 219-252, 254, 255, 
280, 282, 325, 65, 466 

Steironema, 75 

Steiropteris, 250-253, 256 

Sterculia, 2 

Streptolirion, 373 

Struvea, 467, 69 

Struveopsis, 467-72 

Strychnos, 2 

Stylisma, 12), 126, 127, 133, 
169, 234-238 

Styphelia, 33 

Suaeda, 59, 68 

Suckleya, 58, 65, 66 

Suksdorfia, 89, 90 

Svida, 

Swartzia, 345 

Sympachna, 378 
Sympachne, 378 

=== 377, 316. 302.500; 
501 

Syngonanthus, 376, 377, 38h, 437, 
1,50, L52, 481, 490 


Teijsmanniodendron, 32, 20 
Telesonix, 89, 93 
Terminalia, 10 


512 PHYTOL O7G°T4 Vol. 17, no. 7 


Thaspium, 105 Umbellales, 99 
Thelypteridaceae, 250-252, 254, Umbelliferae, 99 

325, 327 Urospermum, 10 
Thelypterideae, 249-251, 254 eisviacde) 385 
Thelypteridinae, 251 Vaccinium, 33 
Thelypteridoideae, 25 Variegata, 29 
Thelypteris, 29-328, 65, 466 Verbena, 3h 
Thespesia, 2 Vicia, 1, 3, kh, 6, 7 
Tiarella, 89, 9 Viiex, 7 
Tilia, 3h5 Vitex, 8-7, 49-56, 114-120, 
Tocoyena, 45, hly7-lh9 20-2) 
Torrubia, 367, 368 Viticicola, 3, hh 
Trema, 161 mapnenberess 235 
Trematolobelia, 369-371 Willeella, 467, 470 


Trichantha, 126, 128-13), 136, Woodsiaceae, 250 
151, 185, 191, 198, 215, 216, Xanthium, ))1-))3 


237, 238 Xylopia, 161 
Trientalis, 71, 76 Xylosteon, 11) 
Trifolium, 39) Xyris, 461 
Triodia, 209, 211 Zizia, 101, 105 
Tsuga, 335 Zollernia, 25 
Uapaca , 5) 


Publication Dates for Volume Seventeen 


No. 1 — July 6, 1968 No. 5 —— November 18, 1968 
No. 2 — August 3, 1968 No. 6 — December 5, 1968 
No. 3 — September 14, 1968 No. 7 — December 20, 1968 


No. 4 — October 18, 1968 


3. Distribution of Eriocaulon decangulare 


Herbarium curators who have material of this species from additional 
counties are asked to send it to the author for verification and 
record, so that future editions of this map may be more complete 


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