Plants of Mississippi : a list of flowering plants and ferns

pores

Puvetrey Hiei S Ueretge te
peteethy girs wr mek

FSS)
Bd Y é
MOZ
ING
SN 2)
SS

Wa

)
ah
ah
a,
~

Bequest of

Kenneth K. Mackenzie
October 1934

—- of

= a & Bon ss & Barre
The buksthe: i wae Lue one Y
5 mots BS nts aoe
The New Yor: Ectanical Garden

g ——~
» - 2 Z SSS

= ~ AN G i.
OR ii
SWANS

Bequest of

Kenneth K. Mackenzie
October 1934

Posto O LDP |
STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

E. N. LOWE, Director

BULLETIN NO. 17

PLANTS OF MISSISSIPPI

A LIST OF FLOWERING
PLANTS AND FERNS

BY E. N. LOWE
February, 1921

-_ HEDERMAN BROS., JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI
PRINTERS, LITHOGRAPHERS, BINDERS

(1081 (6

FN ag
Qe \ Zo.

STATE GEOLOGICAL COMMISSION

FEGEE XOREUENCHMUnH WM. RUSSMibe se = aa eee aa Governor
Hon. DUNBAR ROWLAND-_------- Director, Dept. of Archives and History
ELON OS N-= POWER Go! 2. = ene eee Chancellor of State University
ELON GD Ce UE 2 oe ene aes President A. & M. College

ENN» Pere TOUI Os eee ek ee NT State Supt. of Educetite

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STAFF

TDs DR DO ee a a a ee ee ee Director

PSH VORB EY 5: oie ies See Si ee ese Assistant State Geologist

WARVEND Soe DROW Nes = oes = oo oes eae Se ee an ea ae eae eee Archeologist

Viet ON Geo aa een ae SRS Det ee Dl eee ae Se Soil Surveyor

1D TERPS ge SW De ae ee > oem ea Assistant Soil Surveyor

Miss HeANCcES: H. WALTHALL-—~2-—~2-- 22-5 Se Secretary and Librarian
e

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

OFFICE OF STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,
Old Capitol, Jackson, Mississippi,
February 7, 1921.
To His Excellency,

GOVERNOR LEE M. RussELu, CHAIRMAN, and Members of the
Geological Commission.

Gentlemen:

In the course of my field work on the Geological Survey for
several years past, I have found it advisable to make copious
notes on the native plants of the State, and to make large collec-
tions of the Flowering Plants and Ferns. A close relationship
was found to exist between the geological formations, the soils
derived from them, and the native plants growing apon those
soils, so that it seems to me that a more critical study of our
flora in connection with the geology and soils of the State was
desirable. I therefore, employed Mr. Thomas L. Bailey, an ex-
cellent field botanist, though yet an undergraduate student, te
collect during his vacations more fully cf summer and early fall
plants than I had been permitted to do while burdened with
other duties.

To embody in available form the result of the combined work
of Mr. Bailey and myself, this Bulletin has been prepared by the
writer.

It is presented with the hope that it will prove of value to
the citizens of the State, and to students of botanical science gen-
erally.

Respectfully submitted,
E. N. Lowe, Director.

Ss

Paty oe)
=
:

-

Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page

Page
Page

Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page

Page

ERRATA

5—In line 7 for “seems’’ read “seemed.”
11—In line 6 for “Paralellism’”’ read ‘‘Parallelism.”’
11—In line 13 for “‘Equisetaes” read ‘‘Equisetales.”’
11—In line 7 from bottom for ‘“‘Bethulaceae read ‘‘Betulaceae.”’
14—In line 21 from bottom for “Budbeckia” read “Rudbeckia.”
17—In line 9 from bottom for ‘‘casual’”’ read ‘‘causal.’
29—In line 16 from bottom for “floral’’ read “flora.”
39—In line 3 from top for “rententive”’ read ‘retentive.’
43—Im line 2 from the bottom for “are” read “as”,
44—In line 1 “otheca Lamarckii’’ should be transferred to the end ¢f line
2 from the bottom of page 43.
53—In line 22 from the top for ‘‘Zygademus” read “Zygadenus.”
53—In line 3 from bottom for “Quercus gertinata”’ read ‘“‘Quercus gem-
inata.”
55—In line 7 from top for “Sensuvium” read “‘Sesuvium.”’
55—In line 11 from bottom for “Paralallism’’ read ‘‘Parallelism.”
60—Omit line 13 form the top.
60—In line 14 for ‘‘Loss” read ‘Loess.”
60—TIn line 14 above ‘Loess bluffs’ insert “Pteris serrulata L.”’
72—In line 2 from bottom for “taedum”’ read “tardum.”
76—In line 1 for “‘liliiferum”’ read ciliiferum.”’
88—In line 4 for “uncea’’ read “juncea.”
90—In lime 6 from bottom for “Etonia’”’ read “Eatonia.”’
96—In line 5 from bottom for “Serax” read “‘ferox.”
96—In line 4 from bottom for ‘“Operus’”’ read “‘Cyperus.”
121—In line 13 from top for ‘jhexigona” read “hexagona.”’
127—Im line 6 from top for ‘‘Carya” read ‘“Hicoria.”’
141—In line 13 from bottom for “annus” read “annuus.”
169—In line 3 from top for ‘“Melilotus’’ read “Trifolium.”
176—In line 7 from bottom for “Apois apois”’ read ‘‘Apios apios.”
180—In line 5 from bottom for “teretris’’ read “terrestris.”
222—-In line 10 from top insert above “Diospyros L.” the following:
“Ebenaceae. Ebony Family.”
257—In line 5 from top for ‘‘“Houstonia rotundifolia Michx.” read “Hous-

tonia purp rea L.”’

i jaa :
7. Toho oe er
>
. emeale Lee, Oa a
~ ¥ [ M
h van Prete) os ue ee
3 ul veal? Are?
‘ ; 7 }
well ‘ 7 he = id ne.
ae Bult HA TA see
, ieee)
é fee LA
oe} ; 4 h
,
. = : Fl itao Sirf} J + 14)
eek &
ual? a
. 7 sitq &:
rd Lee Teh
Pir ¢
4
t
‘ 7 Ls
j j A
e 9 S
‘ -
wri”
op tt
‘
i ce us eye
. H A rok ay fu ‘ nf iv 7 Ma q mY
“iM a yee Pyar ae : wihed

4) “he 9 Teper” ea ae
wort ea - th iia at eh De
74 a> ;

* ; ’ ab ‘ital

Ear es.

4

PREFACE

Mohr’s Plant Life of Alabama has been used as a basis for
this Bulletin. The arrangement of Engler and Prantl, as
adopted in that work has been closely followed here, and the
nomenclature used by Mohr has been used in this list, except 1m
a very few instances. No species has been included in the list
unless it is found in our herbarium or is mentioned in the notes
of the writer or of Mr. T. L. Bailey, or is credited to the State
by some reputable author. A few species have been included on
the authority of a partial list of plants found with the Hilgard
Manuscripts, and presumably made by Dr. Hilgard, though no
name was attached to the list.

While work on collecting the state’s native plants was in
progress the Geological Survey received the gift of a valuable
collection of about 450 species from Mr. Andrew Allison, an ex-
eallent field botanist, who collected mainly in two ecunties—
Tishomingo and Hancock. Unfortunately for botanical science,
Mr. Allison left the state several years ago to take up missicn-
ary work in China. On his return, on vacation, in 1918, Mr.
Allison very kindly presented to the Geological Survey Her-
barium his beautiful collection, which is frequently referred to
in the list as “‘ Allison Herbarium’’ (abbreviated, ‘‘ All. Herb.”’)

Our list of grasses is taken almost entirely from the splen-
did Tracy Collection in the Department of Botany of the Missis-
sippi Agricultural and Mechanical College, free access to which
was given through the courtesy of Professor J. M. Beal.

During the summer months of 1914, 1915, and 1916, Mr.
Thomas L. Bailey, an advanced student of the University of
South Carolina, and an accomplished and enthusiastic field bota- -
nist, was employed by the Survey, and scoured the state from
end to end, taking valuable notes, and making large collections,
all of which are deposited with the Geological Survey. These
collections, together with notes and colections made by the writer
for the past several years, furnish the material for this Bulletin.

We do not claim that a complete list is-herewith furnished of
the flowering plants and ferns of the state. Doubtless many
species will be added as the list is known to be incomplete, and

8 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

it is also probable that errors will be discovered by the critical
botanist, but we felt that the mass of material brought together
by our labors has added some new light on plant distribution in
the central Gulf region, and therefore justifies publication.

While in the list the newer terminology has been adhered to,
in most instances the name given each species in the third edi-
tion of Chapman’s Flora has been included in parentheses as a
synonymn, because, while it is desirable to encourage the use of
the newer nomenclature, to mast of the older botanists, includ-
ing the writer, the nomenclature of Chapman is more familiar,
and its insertion will facilitate reference. In fact, we are not sure
that an occasional error has not crept into the list in the process
of translation from the old to the new language, although special
effort has been made to avoid them.

Where our notes will permit we have preferred to refer the
station of each species in the List to some definite locality. In
many instances, however, the species is listed from some county.
This is not entirely satisfactory, and in all future observations
exact localities will be noted. The use of place names has neces-
sitated the insertion of names of many places that would be diffi-
cult to find on a map of the state. To facilitate the finding of
these, an alphabetical list of the places, each referred to the
county in which it occurs, has been appended at the end of this
volume.

Where the name of a collector, as Allison or Tracy, appears
in parenthesis after a given locality, it means that the species
under consideration was collected or noted at. that locality by the
botanist whose name is given. Where several localities are men-
tioned in the distribution of a species, only the one immediately
preceding the collector’s name is his locality, the others being
stations recorded by members of the Geological Survey Staff.

Noe 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

INDEX

INTRODUCTORY:
LET ES UIC) pie Mlle a Se Ree SRN aS 1 +e BOY i 2 ee
Pinntewwniversally Distributed 22.2.2 fee -<= sae
BCS ONE ges 5 8 ie a pe ee oe Se ee ee ee eS

LEU PEN B sS oe ap ag , ea e eee e eeeee ene!

a a ieee ep ew ey ER A a ae es See ie
SSS (OD ae a ye a eee a

BO UIC RAG CONS = as a ee ee
LEI oe ae oe eS ee ee are a eee

VISE 0 gp Se eal Sie ces ee a ee 2 es Sn

TOPOGRAPHIC AND FLORISTIC REGIONS OF MISSISSIPPI

GeneraleConsiderations. =— =. eee eee ae
MennesscouRiVelsHwlS 22s Set eee ee ee ee SE Ee
ROPOLTAD NYA ea ae Se eee Sa ee oe Ne

ESI Oi ES) lg eae sla de eee tree
Mreesfol then pland se = tat Leg Xa
Shrubsiofthe- Uplands, === oe ee ee
iEterbstot thet Uplands’ == 2222225 =" Sse se eee eee
Eerbs ol the mich Lowerslopes == ——__
Herbs-or Limestone dedges!==—— == == === ee
inrecsroLathenwowlands*===. 22-2 -=2 2222 Se ee
NorsneasternePrainie- Belt 22 2-==22-=- 22 sl Se See

POntOLOGERIG 2 Ol ene
Topography -—~--~---------------------------------

15
16
17
18
18
18
i)
20
20
21
22
23
23

Qs
v

23
24
24
24
24
25
29
29
30
30
30
30
31
31
31
32
32
32
32
32
33

33
34
34
35
35

MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Oils =--+=--—--—-~—— == =6 = ae 35
Tree Crowth of Uplands =2— 35
Herbaceous Species of Uplands ==== =.= 36
Herbaceous forms on Limestone Ledges—_—___________— al

Platwoods —=—~---—-—=-—---—~- —— =} === = = 37

Topography ——----------~------~-=--~-~--~—~—~—==-====== 37

Soils =. 222.222 ee ee Se eee Silt
Trees and Shrubs ——~—. ~~ —_-==2 2 22_ 2.2 iT

North Central Plateau... _—--_ =. oe ee eee 38

TOPOSTaphy —-=— 222 = 2222 — = ee 38

Soils, Upland 2222. .2===. 2222 -=2 3222) =e 38
Sandy Hills Soils ~2-={—- ===] 23 222 38

Brown lLioam Soils 2-2. 22222242222 233322 39
Tree Growth of Uplands) 22. egg a)
Herbaceous Species of Uplands—in Open Woods_---_~_ 40
Herbaceous Species of Uplands—in Open Land_---__—_~ 40

Soils. Lowland ~~. 22. .---... aaa eee 41
Lowland: Trees 2226]. 234-2>-)3332 =e 41
Lowland Shrubs 2... = == eae 41
Lowland Herbs ==2+—+.-+ +2 2 == See 41
Marsh Herbaceous Spetics —_— See 42

Loess, or Bluff Region —_______=__ = 2-3 eee 42

Topography 2 2 252 225.322.3533). 42

DOS. 2L- 22422 ee eS ee ee eee 43
Tree. Growth. of the Uplands: —-22-23 =a 44
Climbers and Shrubs of the Uplands === eee 44
Herbaceous -Species of the Uplands) === 25 45
Trees and Shrubs-of the Lowlands: 45
Herbs of the Lowlands -{2.-22222 2 =e 45

Yazoo Delta 2==+<22=]2]=2++ 24=-=2- = 2 eee 46

Topography =s.222.s 2222 222-5522 46

S0IlS 2.222342 ee eee 46
Trees and Shrubs ~-=22-2_—2-— 22 eee 46
Herbaceous Species —22 522 22 2433 46

Jackson, Prairie -Region 22=+=-=-——..- 32 ee eee 47

Topography ~~ 22222). 224_ La eee 47

Soils 222222223 2424.5 See 47
Western Loam Section -_-._ 2.2. =. _ == 47
Typica] Prairie Section _-— ___ 2 22 eee 47
Hastern Sandy Section —_-_22-2_ 22) eee 47
Flora of the Prairies Proper = 2222 =e 48

Long Leaf Pine Region ——~=_-__ === = 2 eee 49

Topography and; hxtent.__=_-—- 3 3a ee 49

Soils 2-2-2 3S eee 49
Trees of Uplands! =2-.+—- 2-3 2 ee 50
Herbaceous. Species of Uplands _ 1-22-5232 eee 50
Trees-and.Shrubs;ot. Lowlands. =... jak

Coastal Pine, Meadows =2-———. =. 2 0 er byal

Topography and. Extent £25._ 50 )223.e1 eee 49

Soils... so ee 49
Trees and Shrubs of Higher Areas —-_-____. eee 52
Trees and Shrubs of Swamps and Marshes __________ 52

1s eat At FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

Herbaceous Species of Low, Wet Areas______________
“GoTPILAY (SET Cire Pell 1G (0 of: ee eee Reape Soe SEE eg es ae

Paralellism of New Jersey Pine Barrens Flora and Northern
Bog Flora with the Pine Meadows Flora of Mississippi
pkecch> Map or Topographic Regions 2-222

VTEC] ETS PULA DY 1d Be Ugh pl Oa a ee eet ees
LENTILS] ot aioe _ 5 Sah ia eet ee MN Ne Meg 2 ewe SP
OO) DDN SOS Se Cha et ee a ae ee
OL ae DOC AGl aI G ie ae a ee ee ee
BICUEIS CL AGS mae = re ne me ee a BS ee
LG ACG eS ee ee ae Se eee

LO EQON GO) 0 wie KEN eget See pase nn ce a I ae ee eee sae nn ee

UVC OD OCIAGEIG ae as = es
Ola eure PaCCa Ota: ote = he i Re ee ee
Perse Ee IEAU (ODEO NG <Seee ee ee Pee ee oe eee
MerCAT NCSD ETT AC ee ee ee a ce te ile le ey
TET GIS (GSEE NE) el Mle Ft SE ie Pe each Vie Be EAP Seen 2
ANTOTIES OS TONS Teasley cea 5 Es ete alee ae ae Pes SE ea Sa!
“LES ATO] GUE ECS EIS mse ep oN ee re nA pO oA Ls
SAE aC CAO tes ee a ee eee ee Oe

IN AC ACE A Gre = ee = re ee ee A ee ee eee
PCHOMCHZCTIACOLGN = a= t= 2 es ee So eee ae eS

J AUNS TORN TEE (ee es OS ee eee te es ee ae

et OSI Coc Cl ee ae ga pe ee I Se a ee
ROBYID Grell Cal Ogee ee n= ee a RS ee
YEE EE (G (SPAN a oe a ea a ee foes eee eo Jes
INTHE MCSE G iit ee Pe a a a ee Pe Nor Tar eer aa
WHEN ENCE C(S FG YO es a a Se ee Se a eens ere ee we 1 Ree Oe ee

PROV INU ct CO CLG ne eee ee ees ee Se eo) ee ee Re

Br O GantlOnia Come Warns ae ee te eee ee ey
STOIC ACOA yay ee Sek oe ee Ee ee

FRONTECH ENICCAG KS es ke Aakers ae
HUNCH COA Gr rs re eS Soe I en A ee
PUT ACS AG a 2 ee ee ees eB a eal en ts a ORS oo
Siri a GalC Ga Ot = sae ne ee ee Se ee ee ee
EMCRTOG OTA CCR OS as = es ee ee eee
PAgiary WiGacCCa Gy = Sa.. i ke Se ee ee ee ee
WOSCORA COAG LA c=" 3 ee ee ee
Nie CC MO Ser eS ee eee
IBTimes CCG eee a a ee ee ee ee
OTCMIGACEAO. wont eee ee Oe ee
PE TTERE LC O Ot eo a ay ee se oS
Juglandaceae —______ Fae aS i aaah hr Se
WIN RI CHEE) a See ee a eee eee et
Sc NGEY CSRs ah Reus eo eee ee
BCU Ce Rel ee ee eee ee ee ee
Eee CO ie ee ee ee ee eee

(UNNPT MES EG! Loot ee ee :

AN N@ ISSN ELE ES) “ps Ee See ee cy,» ee
UEC GE ES ug po a eS es te
ILD NA EDS SO ae el ee eee ee ee
SHUT ORE SL ee eee ee a

MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Aristolochiaceae ..2—-- =_ === 2 =. 2 eee 136
Polyeonaceac {=.= i= 2 eee 136
Chenopodiaceae =~—-_-2-2=- == eee 138
Amarantaceae@ —.=—_- = +— = 2 = ee 139
Batidae ~~] 22 =) 2 22 140
Phytolaccaceae ..-___________ eee 140
Nyctagnaceae ~~------------~~~~_~____-~_—______ 140
Aizoaceae {Li a2-+-is-_- -- = eee 140
Portulacacea@: ~._===-=_ =.= =. eee 141
Alsinaceae 2222+ =2-222_-= 141
Nymphacaceae 2-2 _=—="=2>_= ee dae.
Macgnoliacese: 2—=—=—-===—-— == ees 144
Anonacea@ -s2ss2s=>24ses=522 2253332 146
Ranunculaceae =< —--—=-—=-—-_=<. 2. 146
Berberidaceae’ -__—_ = ~-_--==-==--- eee 150
Menispermaceie@) === == — = = 150
Butneriaceae __=-=-.-——=_--=_-=2 == eee 150
Laurace®ae —-—.-~-s<2+25..2. 2 eee 152
Papavelaceae -—__—_—_ = — 151
Brassicaceae —:.—=-—--+=+_=4-=. 2222 152
Capparidaceae === _ = ee 154
Sarraceniaceae ===... --s-=s2=522232222——— == 155
Droseraceae@ =.= 222225. eee 155
Podostemaceas —_—. = --. ee eee 156
Crassulaceae —-—-===+=--=-=-2. ee 156
Saxifragracea@- =. .-=-—-==-.22 eee 156
Hamamelidaceae <.=.=+-<..——-—- 158
Platanaceae =]... 2... =... eae 159
Rosaceae: 2.22242 -222._ 22. eee 159
Viciaceae - 22-35 5-4-) 22.2222 eee 165
Geraniaceae. —~-----=<:--<:-._- eee eee 179
Oxalidaceae.---2-==-=-—=.--=.2 eee 179
Linace@ae 2=--22.-.22.22<s 2222 179
Rutaceae {= + 22 a ee Se ee eee 180
Simarubacese. -~==~-—- 2-2 eee 180
ZAygophyllaceae: —-—-=--=—___ = eee ee ee 180
Meliaceae =+---~ii-i3s2520 22S eee 181
Polygalaceae 222 2 2223.2) Eee 181
Euphorbiaceae “2222222222222 55242322 184
Callitrichaceae: 2222=—==-> == eee 187
Empetraceae, 22.-s 22-22 a eS eee 187
BuxaCeae: — i ee ek a ee ee ee 187
Anacardiacese 22 Ss... Le eee Eee 187
Cyrillaceae .--..-_- =... 2 Eee 188
llicac@ae:-=i2222.=. 2-22. SS ee eee 188
Celastraceae s2222+- 2+ 2 eee eee 189
Staphyleacese a s]2==-=_—- 2... ee 190
Aceraceae. a2 2222825525... 2 Li eee 190
Aesculaceae- == <= +2. SS ee eee 191
Sapindaceae’ =_===+22-..--.-24. 2.2 eee 192
Rhamnaceae.--s=.+----._ =... See 192
Balsaminaceae: c= eee 193
Vitaceae. =a ssis26052 5245.52.52. 0 EE 193
Tililacese 2. 222.2s22+.2-.i2-23 2 eee 194

Malvaceae 195

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

Theaceae ~~

SrOnCulla Cede = tee Se ee ee ee
[EIuN GTI CACOAG) aa aa ee ee ee a ee eS

Cistaceae —_

el IA COS Gente ie i ee ee ee eee
IPassmloracede.. — = = = Ss ee eo eee ee

Cactaceae —

Se VAMGLOM CORO eens Se. ee a

Lythraceae

Melastomaceao? sn ee ee ee

Onagraceae

llarnainhethg) 2 eee a a ES

Araliaceae —
Apiaceae —~
Cornaceae —
Pyrolaceae —

Monotropaceae =2——=---——____--___-__ —-_--—_____—

Ericaceae ~~
Vacciniaceae
Primulaceae

Plumbaginaceae —-----------~--—---~-=--~----------

Sapotaceae
Styracaceae

Symplocaceae —~--~------------------------------

Oleaceae —~-
Loganiaceae

@entianaceae ——~~-~-=—-—~---=—--=—------__-----—

Apocynaceae
Asclepiadace

Ese Se Se eS SS

Convolulaceae _____—--_~---------—----=-- --—---=-—

Cuscutaceae

Polemoniaceae ~___----------~-------------------
Hydrophyllaceae ____----------------------------
Boraginaceae _~----------~-----~-----------------

Verbenaceae
Nepetaceae
Solanaceae

Scrophulariaceae ~~---~-------------------------
Pinguiculaceae ~------~-~------------------------

Orobanchace

ae —_~——~--—-—-~-—----—-----------------

Bignoniaceae ~-------------------------------=--

Acanthaceae

Plantaginaceae ~__--~----------~--~--------------

Viburnaceae
Rubiaceae —

Waleranaced@s oe oe ee ee
CreunhitaGenG@s ee ee eee
Campanulaceae ——-_---------------—------=---_-_—

Cichoriaceae

INMDROSIACEAO hee ee oe ee ee eee

Carduaceae

13

197
197
197
200
201
203
204
204
204
205
206
210
210
211
216
217
217
217
219
220

221
222
222
223
223
224
225
227
228
230
233
233
234
235
236
238
244
245
252
253
254
254
255
259
256
261
261
261
263
266
267

14

MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (Bull.

Weronia 22222. 2 a a 267
Stokesia® Jis222-2-2+-2 2252026222232 eee 267
Hlephantopus =. --===<--.-2.:...---... eee 267
Agetatum, (22.52. 4222.2<225. 22) ee 268
Py patOnitimnlyee a mace tte sone 268
Osmia ‘j22-2----2--2. nae ino eee 270
Willughbaeya —.--.---.=<--=-22222 32322 270
Kubnia .-..--2-322 52522220522 eee 270
Lacinaria 2 L-siu.2===+- 2-==---=.=<25_ eee 270
Trilisa 2..:.-.__-..---=.----: egg 271
Carphephorus =-i2=-2=---22-222202 Eee 272
Grindelia, 22..2.2==-2=-=.-==-->_ 222) 272
Heterotheca’ ~=.-2s= 2.2255 -=-) 272
ChrySoOpsis ....-2225-22 222225 ee
Chendrophora, 2.2-2=22222--.. =) eee 273
Brintonia. .--...-_..-----.L__ 22-3. eee 273
Solidago ...2.--2.2-L. 52-252 eee eee 273
Chrysoma \...2.-225.2-. 522 4 ee SS ee 275
Huthamia, ..-2=-22--- 222222224322 275
Sericocarpus. 2-2. -=255 2225. 3S2 es eee 276
Boltonia., 222.2222 22222222 22. eee 276
Aster 2i2225-2.- 204 S22 5225 ee ee 276
Hrigeron, L222... 2.222225 eS eee 279
Leptilom .:.2:222. 22-22-59. 279
Tonactis). 2222222. 226s 3 280
Baccharis, 122.2222. os. S22 ee eee 280
Pluchea .222is2iscluckso 4 oS eee 280
Antennaria,* 22.2222 ss2.022222. 2 ee eee 281
Gnaphalium:~2.2- 2 =2S5. 52253. 2 eee 281
Silphium-t2ssce so. See 282
HMehopsis: 1222222-2 24S eee 283
Helipta 23s cesses. aoe See 283
Melanthera. 222222 2652552 222 eee 2838
Spilantiiés -22.2-2222222.22 220 ee 283
Budbeckia’ 2.2. 22 =" 322 -sscco 522k eo ee 283
Brauneria a. 2s2c22225.22-252 See 284
Tetragonotheca. 22-2. 822. 2 ee 284
Borrichia,” £2.02) .226 2202 ee = 284
Helianthus); 22222222 2 eas © ee a ee 285
Verbesina* 22222220 ho 2 2 8 286
Actinomeris _____ eee ee ee 286
Coreopsis -s_-.- 232 2a ol eee 286
Bidens, 22.2222 22. 287
Actinospermum : 2-254. WS 22S ee 288
Marsalis kes ti 9s Sir cee ee ee 288
Helenium, WW 22. 20. ts a 289
Achillea: - 2202 eons 289
Anthemis.- <. - e3 n 289
Chrysanthemum -2-=.--_.....__ 290
Hrechtites., «2 oe feat De. 290
penecio sea os 290
Mesadenia 26255. ee 290
Arctium; -_._- ea 291
Cards «2 ove ey eas 2 gl 291

yNo. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 1G

INTRODUCTORY.

Plants.—The ordinary conception of a plant is that of a
vegetable organism having three easily recognizable parts in-
timately related and mutually dependent. These parts are:
Leaf, Stem (a stalk or trunk), and Root. We visualize a plant
as having these three parts, the leaf being a flattened green
organ spread out in the lght and air, the root, a fibrous or
cylindrical branched organ reaching down into the soil, and
the stem a more or less stout and often woody vertical shaft
ecnnecting the other two organs.

The positions and relations of these three parts are not
accidental. The leaf must be spread out in the air and light
in order to perform its functions of elaborating food for growth
and reproduction of the plant, this being done through the
action of the sunlight upon the green coloring matter of the
leaf. The root sinks into the soil, gaining a firm support for
the rest of the plant, and at the same time, through its myriad
ramifications reaches out and absorbs abundant moisture and
plant food from the soil in which it is embedded. The stem,
which in herbaceous species is often called the stalk, and in
trees, the trunk, supports the leaves and lifts them into the
air and light, at the same time connecting them directly with
the root system through an intricate system of conducting
yaseular tissue, Which makes up the whole of the stem of herba-
ceous plants, and all except the heart wood and corky bark
of trees.

It will thus be seen how each part of the plant has its own
specific work to perform, and how they are all interdependent
and necessary to carry on the life of the plant.

While the picture drawn is that of the normal plant with
which we are familiar, the mass of plant life is so great and the
conditions under which plants grow are so diverse, that there
aré more species which do not answer in full to this description
than of those which do. Many desert plants have no function-
ing leaves, although in such cases some part of the stem per-

16 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

forms leaf functions; some water plants have no roots, but in
these absorption of food-laden moisture takes place through
the whole plant body immersed in water; a considerable num-
ber of plants of otherwise high organization, called parasites,
have adopted the stealthy habit of living entirely, or partly,
upon the elaborated food drawn from other plants, and as a
consequence they usually skulk in darkened places, like the

assassins that they are, and hence are pale spectres that have
lost their green tissue, through which other more normal spe-
cies rejoice in the sunlight, and like diligent housewives, go
about their legitimate duties.

Aside from these abnormal developments of higher groups
of plants to meet unusual conditions of living, there is a whole
horde of lowly organized and imperfectly differentiated forms
of plant life which have neither leaf, stem, nor root, properly
so-called. These little forms are for the most part aquatic in
habit, and by far the greater number are microscopic in size;
some of the higher groups, however, as the, liver-worts
are larger and live attached to damp rocks, tree trunks or to
wet soil. While in these low groups no specialization of parts
corresponding to those of the higher plants has taken place,
they perform all the functions of the higher plants, any part
of the plant body being able to assume any function necessary
to the plant economy—a condition which may be likened to
the conditions of primitive human society, where each man
was in turn his own butcher, carpenter, shoemaker, and barber.

Plants Universally Distributed.—That plant life is very
unequally distributed over the earth is a matter of common
knowledge. The tropical forests of Brazil present a pro-.
nounced difference from the pampas of Argentina or the
Great Plains of North America, and a still more striking con-
trast to the barren wastes of the Sahara Desert. The great
broad-leafed forests of temperate North America are succeeded
to the north by the equally extensive Canadian and Hudsonian
pine, fir, and spruce forests; which in their turn, as they ap-
proach the pole, give way to the treeless, moss-covered Arctic
tundra.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 17

While vegetation is not of equal vigor and variety in the
frozen wastes surrounding the poles, it is not entirely absent.
In spite of forbidding climatic conditions, lichens encrust the
rock surfaces, and the snows are discolored by minute forms
called algae.

Temperature is but one of the important factors influenc-
ing the distribution of plants. The Sahara Desert and the
luxuriant jungles of Central America are both in the tropics,
with approximately the same temperatures. The difference

is due to absence of moisture in the Sahara and excess of rain-
fall in Central America. Contrast the abundance and variety
of vegetation in Mississippi with the arid conditions in Death
Valley, California, both of which are in about the same latitude.
The difference here is due to difference of rainfall in the two
regions. Hence, we are impressed with the very great import-
ance of moisture as a factor in plant distribution.

Then again, in Mississippi we have the extensive pine
forests of the southern counties, the enormously valuable hard-
wood forests of the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta, and the broad,
gently rolling treeless prairies of the northeastern counties.
These are natural and marked distributional features of vegeta-
tion in our own state. This distribution is not due to differ-
ences of temperature or of rain-fall, but to differences of soil
conditions. Hence, we have forced upon our notice the im-
portance of soil conditions as a factor in plant distribution.

Ecology.—This brings us to a consideration of Ecology.
Plants are not distributed by haphazard, but, as we have seen,
certain casual factors operating upon them determine the
limits and bounds of their distribution. These are called
Ecological Factors, and Ecology may be called plant Sociology,
o1 the association together of plants of one or more species—
often of many species—under conditions favoring their devel-
opment forced upon them by the operation of all the ecological
factors to which they are subjected. In other words, the sum
of. the ecological factors determines both the habitat and the
associates of a plant. Groups of plants thus brought together

18 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (Bull.

constitute what are called plant Associations, Societies, and
I‘ormations.

Ecological Factors—These are the factors which operate
—gome one usually predominating—to bring plants together
into groups living under similar conditions. Some of the most
important of these factors will be briefly noticed.

Water—The water relation of plants varies from complete
submergence in some aquatic forms, through medium eondi-
tions of soil moisture suitable for the bulk of ordinary vegeta-
tion, to extreme desert conditions where the dearth of water
precludes the existence of any except a scattered growth of
specially organized land plants. According to the water rela-
tion of plants, three great Vegetation Types are recognized:
Hydrophytes, Xerophytes, and Mesophytes.

Hydrophyies.—Plants of this group live under conditions
of abundance of water. Water is undoubtedly one of the
most important ecological factors, since plants in the active
condition will die within a very short time if entirely deprived
cf it. To many plants, however, too much water is almost as
detrimental as none at all. Even among hydrophytes the
amount of exposure to water varies greatly. As already
stated, some groups are completely submerged in water, and all
their life processes take place under water, except that in a few
cases pollination of the flowers takes place upon the surface
of the water. Submerged aquatics are usually specially organ-
ized to suit the conditions under which they live. Roots may
be entirely absent, as in free-floating algae; or may serve
merely as holdfasts, for attachment, as in pond-weeds. The
leaves are usually pale, and are either narrow and grass-like,
or finely divided into thread-like divisions. The stems show
little supporting and conducting tissue, but air cells are numer-
ous, buoying up the stem in its watery medium. In all these
modifications in which these aquaties differ from ordinary
lend plants we see exemplified the economy of nature, in the
absence of organs not needed in a submerged aquatic but ne-
cessary in a plant growing under ordinary conditions on land.

Other groups of hydrophytes are partly submerged in

INOS 7] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 19

water, in all degrees between almost total submergence, and
eases where only the roots are covered with water o1 are
buried in a water-soaked soil. Water lilies illustrate the first
condition; swamp growth, as sedges, willows, and cypress re-

present the second.

Xerophytes.—These represent the other extreme in water
relation of plants. Dry sand flats and sandy beaches, dry
open plains, bare rock surfaces, and parched desert areas, all
present unfavorable conditions for plant life. Besides lack of
water in the soil, the air is parched and dry, and the sunlight
is usually intense. Most of the common plants cannot live un-
der these hard conditions, and those that do, acquire specially
adapted structures to meet the conditions. In desert areas,
characterized by minimum water and maximum heat, so hard
becomes the struggle for preservation of the life both of the
individual and of the species, that only a relatively few species
can subsist, and these become the monstrosities of the vegetable
kingdom; as for instance, the Cactus group, the Yuccas and

allies, the thorny acacias and greasewoods, and the weird Tum-
boa of African deserts.

The danger to desert plants are threefold: Too great
loss of water from the plant tissues into the dry air; insuffi-
cient absorption of moisture from the parched soil; and des-
truction by herbivorous animals. To meet the first of these
dangers the leaves of the plant, through which transpiration
of water takes place chiefly, are greatly reduced in size or
are entirely absent, and the whole plant is very much compact-
ed and covered with a thick ecutinized epidermis. The second
is met by developing an enlarged root system that penetrates
deeply into the soil, assuming often enormous proportions.
Also the plant body is often thick and fleshy with a great dev-
clopment of water-storage tissue, which greedily absorbs mois-
ture during a period of plenty to be used in sustaining the
plant in time of drought. To escape destruction by desert
herbivorous animals to whom these fleshy succulent bodies
would be toothsome morsels, a spiny or thorny armature 1s

zy MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

usually developed, but for which these plants would become
rapidly exterminated.

Mesophytes.—The usual, or what should be properly con-
sidered, the normal conditions of plant life, are those of a
moist air and soil which is appreciably moist, but not wet—
water cannot be squeezed from it if taken into the hand. Such
are the normal condition all about us in Mississippi. The great
mass of vegetable life grows’ under these conditions, and the
plants which constitute this mass are called Mesophytes, be-
cause they live in relations to moisture intermediate between
the two extremes of Hydrohpytes and Xerophytes.

Examples of mesophytes are our familiar oaks, maples,
beeches, and elms among trees, and the grasses and herba-
ceous forms of the fields and woodlands.

Heat.—In a large way Temperature is the most notable
factor in distributing plant life over the earth. This is espe-
cially observed in traveling from the tropics toward the poles.
Temperature Life Zones run in broad belts around the earth
roughly following parallels of latitude. Merriam has worked
out the law controlling the limitation of these Life Zones. He
has found that ‘‘plants and animals are limited in their north-
ward distribution by the sum total of heat (above 6° C.) during
the period of growth and reproduction,............ but they
are limited in their southward distribution by the mean tem-
perature of the hottest part of the year.’’* Conditions which
modify this temperature will cause the limits of the zone to
move northward or southward according to circumstances, so

that in fact the zonal limits are far from being east and west
lines.

Merriam’ has recognized the following life zones in North
America:

ae ae: George Francis, A Textbook of College Botany, 1905,
D. oO.

*Mariam, C. Hart, Life Zones and Crop Zones, Bull. No. 10,
S$. Bilogical Survey. Ais

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 21

Arctic, or Arctic-Alpine Zone.
) Hudsonian Zone.
Canadian Zone.

Boreal Region—

Alleghanian Area.
| a ae (arid Transition Area.
Pacifie Coast Transi-
\ tion Area.

{Upper Austral ) Carolinian Area.

Austral Region— \ Jone. / Upper Sonoran

Area

Zone. Lower Sonoran Area.

Lower Austral Austroriparian Area.

Humid Tropical

EP OWICAL CRON, fr 8, ele-acschecters
Arid Tropical

In the Boreal Region the Arctie or Arctic-Alpine Zone
embraces the treeless tundra from the northern limit of forests
to the pole, and the crests of the highest mountain ranges in
the United States. The Hudsonian Zone embraces the great
northern evergreen forests of spruce, fir, birch, and aspen, ex-
tending from Labrador to Alaska; the Canadian Zone, the
more southern forests of spruce, fir, balsam, hemlock, and pine,
with some oaks and other deciduous trees. The Southern limit
of this zone extends into the northernmost parts of the United
States.

The Austral and Tropical Regions are divided into an
eastern and a western area presenting distinct differences due -
to difference in rainfall. The Alleghanian Area of the Transi-
tion Zone includes the great deciduous forest region of the

22 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

b

northern United States east of the Mississippi River and the
srassy plains of the west, and extends south to Virginia and
the mountains of Georgia and Alabama.

The Arid Transition Area extends westward from the
ereat plains across the Great Basin of Colorado, Utah and

Idaho.

The Carolinian Area embraces the regions south of the
Alleghanian down to the Coastal plain of the south Atlantic
and Gulf Coast. The Upper Sonozar is the arid western ex-
tension of the Carolinian. The Austroriparian embraces the
narrow strip corresponding to the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal
plain, westward to and beyond the Mississippi River into
Louisiana and Texas to 98° of longitude. Its arid counterpart
stretching through western Texas, New Mexico, and southern
California, and southward into Mexico, is known as the Lower
Sonoran Zone.

The Tropical Region reaches the United States only in
the lower part of the peninsular of Florida.

All of Misstssippi is embraced within the Austroriparian
Area of the Lower Austral Zone, though a number of species,
which properly belong in the Carolinian Area, reach this state
in its extreme northeast corner.

Light.—Light affects plant life very materially. All
ereen plants require light to enable them to manufacture plant
tissue out of the inorganic substances which they absorb from
the soil and air. But some need more light than others.
Grasses as a group are light-loving plants, thriving best and
forming a close, carpet-like growth in open treeless areas. In
forested areas, the taller trees reach often to great height in
order that their leafy canopy may receive sufficient light.
This is especially noticed in growths of pine forests where the
struggle for light among the individual trees causes many to
become overtopped and suppressed, so that they die out, while
those remaining develop tall trunks, lifting their crown of
feaves to a proper degree of exposure to light.

Most forests in Mississippi are mixed growth of a great

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 23

variety of broad-leafed trees. The taller trees receive the
direct light from above; beneath this canopy a lower tier of
trees receive upon their foliage such lght as sifts through
the overlapping branches of their taller neighbors; below
these a still lower tier of small trees and shrubs receive upon
their tender green foliage only the subdued light that reaches
the interior of the forest. Barely rising above the ground in
cool damp air, tender herbaceous plants and green velvety
mosses subsist in the shadows of almost twilight depth. Hach
eroup occupies a position and sustains a relation to light and
other factors best suited to its needs. Many of these plants
ot the deep shade, if placed in open, untempered light where
eiasses thrive best, would soon die.

Many of the lower forms of plant life, as mushrooms,
slime-moulds, and saprophytes among flowering plants, thrive
best in dark places.

Soil.—_In temperate North America the relative amount
of annual rainfall has determined three great vegetation
formations: (1) Woodland Formation; (2) Grassland Forma-
tion; (3) Desert Formation. In all the eastern parts of the
continent with a rainfall in excess of 20 inches per annum,
svoodland or forest growth of some kind, is the dominant
feature; in the region of the grasslands and plains west of the
Mississippi, with a rainfall between 20 and 10 inches per annum,
cpen grasslands is the vegetational characteristic; in the arid
regions still further west with a rainfall of 10 inches or less,
Desert types of vegetation prevail and give character to the
landseape.

All the region east of the Mississippi River, including
Mississippi, lies within a potential Woodland Formation, and
yet it is well known that even within our state we not only
have woodlands of different kinds, but much of the state does
not support a forest growth at all. Nothing is more familiar
knowledge than that even within restricted areas vegetation
will vary decidedly. A single pasture or meadow will show
one plant assemblage in one part and a different one in an-
other part; a forest will show oaks and hickories in one part,

24 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

beeches and maples in another, and perhaps pine in still an-
other part. These differences are due to soil variation, which
will be noticed more fully in the description of the vegeta-
tional regions of Mississippi. While so far as broad climatic
influences are concerned, our whole state lies within a wood-
land formation, diversity of soil conditions has greatly modi-
fied the results, giving us a checkered and varied vegetation.

Biotic Factors.—These include the influence of plants up-
on the growth and distribution of other plants, either of the
same species or of different species. Many more seeds begin
growth than ever become mature plants; overcrowding brings
about a contest among them for space and soil moisture,
resulting in a weeding out of the weaker, and a ‘‘survival of
the fittest.”’ New species sometimes invade an area preoccu-
pied by already established forms, and a struggle begins. If
the invader is more virile and better adapted to the conditions,
it eventually drives out the previously established forms.

So also, animal influences are important in plant distribu-
tion. Many seeds that would otherwise grow, are destroyed
by squirrels, seed-eating birds, or by insects; or they may be
attacked by moulds and their vitality destroyed; or the ma-
ture plants may themselves be destroyed by parasitic fungi.
On the other hand many seeds are distributed into new regions
by birds, squirrels, or by other hairy animals, to the coats of
which many fruits. provided with hooklets attach themselves,
the cocclebur being a familiar example.

Man, himself, is at present perhaps the most active factor
in influencing plant distribution, especially of certain useful
species. For his own use he has removed the forests from
immense areas of the earth; he has started forest fires which
have destroyed the native growth from other areas; he has
cultivated the soil in every zone except the Polar Zones, ana
so disturbed the natural balance of vegetable life that in
the cultivated areas hosts of exotic weeds have come in and
crowded out the native species, to say nothing of the pampered
cultural forms, including cereals, corn, potatoes, fruits, tex-
tile crops, and numerous others, which he maintains over vast
areas of the best soils, to the exclusion of the native growth.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 25

Plant Succession.—Plant Associations are not fixed but

are constantly changing, because of the constant changes in
their environmental conditions. The growth of an assemblage
of plants, called an Association, adapted to a certain habitat
and occupying a given area, may be removed by extraneous
forces and their habitat profoundly changed. In such a ease,
when the area comes to be reoecupied it will be by an entirely
different assemblaye. A familiar example is in the clearing
of new lands for farm cultivation. In our state a rich meso-
phytic upland forest of mixed broad-leafed trees may be re-
moved from an area and the soil cultivated until the humus
and other elements of fertility are reduced. If the area is
then abandoned to nature it is a well-known fact that the
same trees, shrubs and hurbaceous vegetation that originally
occupied it will not immediately repossess it. For the first
two or three years the growth will be almost wholly weeds,
none of which, perhaps, occupied the original woodland soil.
After these, in our state, a scattered growth of persimmon
sprouts is very liable to share the area with the weeds. Very
soon, dense patches of seedling loblolly pine spring up, until
often large areas are thickly covered with a growth of this
pine. Little undergrowth exists beneath these young pine
forests, but their needles and twigs, together with decaying
trunks, gradually add humus to the soil. After the pine
forests become tall and more light is admitted to the ground,
young oaks, such as black jack and post oak, begin to invade
the pines from the edges, and grow into fringing thickets,
that gradually push into the pine forest. Any break in the
phalanx of pines is at once occupied by these Xerophytic oaks,
until we finally find the oaks replacing the pines. Once the
oaks, with their accompanying thickets of undershrubs, oc-
cupy a space, the pine seed is no longer able to germinate
there, and so, eventually the pine forest becomes a mixed
forest of pine and oak, and finally an oak forest with only an
occasional pine, the pines being crowded out. The area once
occupied by the black jack, post oak, and persimmon, the soil
becomes rapidly enriched, and their occupation is shared by
all the more mesophytice oaks, elms, hickories and the great
horde of forms that originally occupied the area.

‘

26 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Such a progressive and orderly series of changes is called
a Forest Succession. But successions are not limited to forests,
and may take place under very diverse conditions. One of the
most interesting successions to observe is that which takes
place in a filling lake, the different plant associations or for-
mations following each other in successive zones from the
edges to the centre of the lake basin. In clear lakes the central
deep waters are occupied by floating aquatics, such as pond-
weeds; surrounding this central deep, rooted in somewhat
shallower water, with their leaves floating upon the surface,
pond lilies and water-shield form a distinct zone; in still shal-
lower water surrounding the lily zone, is a zone of bulrushes;
beyond these in water but a few inches deep, is a zone of the
tall cattail flag; in the oozy, muddy edges forming a fringe
all around the pond, is a zone of sedges and coarse grasses; in
the damp rich soil beyond the water’s edge, up the slopes,
mesophytie herbaceous flowering plants occupy the ground,
these followed in turn on higher ground by shrubs and trees

oi the surrounding lands.

As the lake slowly fills by sedimentation, and the addition
of vegetable matter from the zonal growths, these associations
cradually encroach upon the lake, the pondweed association
disappearing firsi, teing replaed ‘vy the lily and water-shield
formation; these as the shallowing goes on, are gradually
crowded out by the next zone; and so on through the series
of changes, until the lake is gradually obliterated, and the
mesophytic vegetation of the adjacent lands occupies its site.

In the above examples of successions, the first shows a
progressive succession from comparatively xerophytie condi-
tions to mesophytic conditions, since a pine forest is a xerophy-
tic growth and a mixed forest of oak, hickory and other hard-
wood tree and shrubs is distinctly mesophytiec.

In the second example, that seen in the filling lake, the -

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 27

succession is from extreme hyrophytic¢ conditions to mesophytie.
Succession may thus progress along two lines, from hydro-
phyte societies on the one hand, and xerophyte societies on the
other, in either case tending toward mesophyte societies. Un-
disturbed successions tend always toward mesophytie condi-
tions, and generally terminate in the most mesophytie plant
associations permitted by climate. These associations are
called climax associations, and become static—no further
change being possible, except through changes in the factors
that influence vegetation.

*

TOPOGRAPHIC AND FLORISTIC REGIONS OF
MISSISSIPPI.

General Considerations.—The surface of Mississippi pres-
ents considerable diversity both in elevation and in character
of soil. The greatest elevation known in the state, in the ex-
treme northeastern part, is about 800 feet above sea level,
while a fringe of flat lands five to twenty-five miles wide border™
ing the Gulf, is only a few feet above tide water. While this
difference in elevation is not considered important as a climatic
factcr in the state, it undoubtedly has an appreciable effect
upon plant distribution, but the extent of this effect has not yet
been ascertained.

The north and south length of the state is somewhat more
than 300 miles, or nearly five degrees of latitude. This is suffi-
cient to produce a noticeable difference between the flora of the
northernmost parts of the state and those parts bordering the
Gulf; but when are added to this factor of climatic difference
the ameliorating effect of the Gulf in the southern counties, and
the greater elevation in the northern, we are prepared to expect
important floral differences. Comparison of the floral cf the
Tennessee River region with that of the Gulf region of the state
reveals a marked dissimilarity. Yet this dissimilarity is due
very largely to soil differences and other factors as well as to
jatitude and altitude.

Topographically and geologically Mississippi has been
divided into ten more or less distinctly marked regions, and in
a previous publication (1) I have regarded these as regions of
plant distribution. Geological structure has such a direct in-
fluence upon topography and soil, which in turn distinetly in-
fluence the distribution of plant species, that the regions given
below (See sketch map), will be accepted here to represent the
floristic regions of the state. As has already been said, the
whole state, excepting possibly a small area in the northeast-
ern corner, lies in the Austroriparian Area; hence the divisions
given are not major in importance, but are local and subor-

(1) Miss. Geol. Surv., Bulletin No. 11, “Forest Conditions of Mis-
sippi,” 1913. Notes on Flora by E. N. Lowe, p. 138.

30 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

dinate divisions within the ..ustroriparian Area, based mainly
upon soil differences.

The regions recogniz:c are the following: 1, Tennessee
River Hills; 2, Northe:..ciu Prairie Belt; 3, Pontotoc Ridge;
4, Flatwoods; 5, North Central Plateau; 6, Jackson Prairie
Belt; 7, Loess or Bluff Hills; 8, Yazoo-Mississippi Delta; 9,
Long Leaf Pine Belt; 10, Coastal Pine Meadows.

'Tennesee River Hills—Consulting the accompanying
sketch map, it will be seen that in the extreme northeast corner
of the state a small narrow division, embraced mostly in four
eounties, is marked off and called the Northeastern or Tennes-
see River Hills. The area is one of high, broken topography—
the highest point being 800 feet above sea level. This was
originally a plateau lifted upon the southern flank of the great
Appalachian fold, and sloping gently toward the south, but its
surface is now much cut up by erosion into steep hills and
ridges. The steep slopes and cliffs bordering the valley of the
Tennessee River and its tributaries for a few miles south of the
river, exhibit everywhere the outcropping limestones, shales
and chert beds of the Carboniferous formations, from 50 to 75
feet of the tops of the hills and ridges being capped by Creta-
ceous gravel deposits. Farther south the gravel deposits are
largely covered by sandy soils of Cretaceous age, the old Car-
boniferous rocks rising to the surface here and there along the
larger streams. The soils of this region, as would be expected,
are light, sandy, and infertile, except in the stream bottoms.
This region in topography and geology represents a transition
from the old Appalachian uplift to the Coastal Plain; we would
therefore expect to find a similar transitional character in the
flora of the region, and such is found to be the case.

The hills and slopes of this region were originally clothed
with forests, and in the more broken parts still remain in forest,
though the large timber has been mostly removed. The most
abundant trees of the hills are short-leaf yellow pine and loblol-
ly pine, much of the latter in thick stands of second growth.
Mixed with these, and especially on the lower slopes of the
ridges are various species of oak, black jack, post oak, Spanish
oak, and white oak. A common oak on the cherty and gravel-

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 31
ly hills is the chestnut or mountain oak (Quercus prinus,) and
on the rocky ledges along Bear Creek the red oak, (Quercus
rubra) is very common. Chestnut tan-bark oak (Quercus velu-
tina), dogwood and hickory are fairly common on the uplands.

Down on the limestone slopes occur chinquapin oak (Quer-
cus acuminata), mulberry, butternut, yellow poplar, magnolia
(Magnolia acuminata), and occasionally black walnut. Scrub
pine (Pinus Virginiana) is found on the high cherty hills near
the mouth of Bear Creek.

Common shrubs on the upland slopes are several species
of the Heath family—the dwarf inedible deerberry, and other
species of vaccinium; the hazle nut (Corylus Americana), the
brilliantly colored mountain laurel and bush honeysuckle, witch
hazle, trailing arbutus, the sweet-smelling calyeanthus and the
mountain holly; and on the rich lower shaded slopes the wahoo
(Euonymus atropurpureus).

Numerous herbaceous forms common under the dry upland
woods, are the following:

Hypoxis erecta
Hieracium scabrum
Fragaria Virginica
Ranuneulus fasicularis
Viola pedata

Phlox pilosa

Many interesting forms occupy the rich shaded soil on the

Lithospermum hirtum
Viola palmata

Silene stellata
Delphinium virescens
Silene Virginica
Houstonia cerulea.

lower limestone slopes, such are:

Chimaphila maculata
Hepatica triloba

Asarum Canadense
Trilium recurvatum
Solea concolor
Pachysandra procumbens
Zanthorhiza apiifolia
Cimicifuga racemosa
Thalictrum purpurascens
Cheilanthes lanosa
Cystopteris fragilis

Viola pubescens
Hepatieca acutiloba
Trillium grandifiorum
Botrychium ternatum
Anemonella thalictroides
Oenothera, linifolia
Actaea alba
Porteranthus stipulatus
Phlox reptans

Symphoricarpus symphoricar-

pus.

32 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Clinging to limestone lcd<es are the following:

Saxifraga Virginiensis Camptosorus rhizophyllus
Heuchera villosa Asplenium angustifolium
Heuchera Americana Cardamine Pennsylvanica
Sedum ternatum Tris cristata.

In the larger river bottoms exist remnants of what were
once a good growth of white, water, and willow oaks, basket
oak, sycamore, beech, river maple, black gum, sweet gum, and
ceyprses. Hackberry, ash, redbud, great-leaved magnolia, sil-
ver-bell, storax, paw-paw, and red birch are less useful, but
equally handsome species.

An inspection of this list shows a considerable number of
trees, shrubs, and herbaceous species that are distinctly of
Appalachian distribution, most of which are not distributed
in the state south of this region. A few are found also on Pon-
totoc Ridge, and occasionally in the northernmost tier of coun-
ties to the westward.

Northeastern Prairie Belt.—The boundaries of this region
and its relationship to other divisions can best be understood
by reference to the sketch map referred to above.

The region has a gently rolling surface, and was originally
prairies, having only here and there scattered patches of trees,
except on the stream bottoms, which supported heavy growths
cf timber. This Prairie Belt is now largely in eultiva-
tion, but some timber remains in the bottoms. Within the last
several years lands formerly in cultivation and now thrown
out, show a strong tendency to grow up in trees, in some places
the old field pine, in others thickets of shrubby oaks.

The characteristic soil of the prairies, which is residual
from the Cretaceous limestone, is a heavy, tenaceous, calcareous
loamy clay, dark gray when dry, but almost black when wet.
In much of the region a yellowish-brown loam soil prevails.
This is a lighter soil than the typical prairie soil, less fertile, and
usually supports a tree growth chiefly of post oak, black jack,
and Spanish oak. The dark soil is the typical soil of the region
and is naturally devoid of trees, except scattered clumps of

ow
co

INO Lt] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS ‘

crab apple, hackberry, and red cedar, with deciduous holly and
honey locust in low depressions.

On the open prairies characteristic and showy species of
herbaceous plants are the following:

Coreopsis lanceolata Coreopsis grandiflora
Silphium laciniatum Silphium terebinthinaceum
Melhiotus alba Harmannnia speciosa
Lythrum alatum Cacalia tuberosa
Oenothera triloba. Asclepiodcra viridis
Asclepias tuberosa Asclepias verticillata
Rudbeckia hirta Rudbeckia laciniata
Sisyrinchium albidum Liatris graminifolia
Petalostemon carneus Petalostemon corymbosus

Otophylla Michauxii,

Otophylla has been found in the priaries near Scooba,
where it is frequent. Oenothera tribola, with large handsome

lemon-colored flowers, is common around Okolona, especially
yn open lowland pastures along creeks.

Most. of the others mentioned in the above list are very
characteristic prairie species and widely distributed over the
limestone soils. Hartmannia often occurs thickly covering
areas that are acres in extent, and in the spring the large pink-
ish flowers densely massed form a handsome and striking cover-
ing to the gently undulating prairie surface.

On the lighter and usually higher reddish soil areas which
dot the prairie surface like islands, an entirely different assem-
blage oceurs. This soil is not so rich in plant food as the black
soils, lime especially being in much smaller proportions. These
areas support a rather dwarfish growth of a few species of
trees, chiefly oaks, the commonest being:

Quercus minor Hicoria Alba

Quercus Marilandica. Diospyros Virginiana
Quercus digitata Pinus echinata
Quereus velutina Prunus serotina

Quereus Durandi

34

MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

[Bull.

Characteristic herbaceous species associated with these

are:

Rosa humilis

Phlox pilosa
Tradeseantia Virginica
Psoralea melilotoides
Te phrosia Virginiana
Spigelia Marilandica

Plantago aristata (open
ground)

Verbena hastata

Oenothera sinuata

Apocynum cannabinum.

The red sandy hills found occasionally in the prairie region,
present still another assemblage of plants, the group as a
whole resembling very closely the flora of the sandy loam

regions of the North Central Plateau.

and shrubs are the following:

Liquidamber styraciflua
Diospyros virginiana
‘Sassafras officinale
Ulmus alata

Rhus glabra

The characteristic trees

Rhus typhina
Quercus Marilandica
Vaccinium arborem
Tecoma radicans
Vitis rotundifolia

Hardly less characteristic is the herbaceous growth:

Ceanothus Americana
Pentstemon laevigatus
Phox pilosa

Specularia perfoliata
Opuntia sp.

Aster paludosus

- Trifolium procumbens

Krigia Virginica
Plantago aristata
Gnaphalium purpureum
Shrankia sp.
Stylosanthes elatior

The soils on the stream bottoms are generally heavy and

rich, with considerable lime.
are:

Quercus velutina
Quercus alba

Quercus Durandi
Quercus nigra

Quercus Michauxii
Hicoria alba
Gleditschia triacanthos
Cissus bipinnata

The common trees and shrubs

Liriodendron tulipifera
Morus rubra

Negundo aceroides
Fraxinus Americanus
Acer saccharum

Acer dasyecarpum
Cornus aspera

Ulmus fulva

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 35

Lonicera sempervirens Asimina triloba
Brunnichia cirrhosa Aesculus glabra
Kraunia frutescens

Common herbaceous forms over the river bottoms are:

Clematis crispa Osmunda cinnamomea
Arisaema quinatum Dioscorea villosa
Phlox divaricata Ilysanthes gratioloides
Ranunculus nitida Viola cucullata.

Polymnia uvedalia

Pontotoc Ridge.—This, the next topographic and soil divi-
sion to be recognized, consists of a broad high ridge intricately
eroded into hills and subordinate ridges with intervening val-
leys of streams whose headwaters begin here. This broken
upland, having in places, an elevation of nearly 800 feet above
sea level, forms the water-shed of streams flowing east and
southeast into the Tombigee, southwest into the Mississippi,
and north into the Tennessee.

The soils of the region are red sandy loams derived from
the weathering of the glauconitic sandy marls of the basal Ter-
tiary and uppermost Cretaceous beds. These red soils are
much richer in plant food than their appearance would indicate,
and support a rich growth. The plants of Pontotoc Ridge
present decided differences from those of the prairies lying
to the east, and the tertiary Flatwoods on the west.

The northern part of the ridge is much broken into preci-
pitous hills and sand ridges about the headwaters of the Hat-
ehie River, and the soil is sandy and rather sterile, so that the
erowth partakes largely of the character of the red sand hills
of the prairie belt. Pines (Pinus mitis and Pinus taeda) are
the principal tree growth, but with considerable admixture of
caks (Quercus stellata, Quercus nigra, Quercus falcata, Quer-
cus prinus) and chestnut. From New Albany, in Union Coun-
ty, southward the soil is less sandy, richer, and the hills less .
broken. In this part. the tree growth presents, besides the
above species, the following in considerable abundance:

Quercus rubra Acer rubrum
Quereus acuminata Fagus ferruginea

36 MISSISSIPFi STATE GEOLOUICAL SURVEY

Quercus alba

Quercus pagodaefolius
Quercus phellos et aquatica
Quercus Texana

Juglans nigra et cinerea
Liquidamber styraciflua

[Bull.

Gleditschia triacanthos
Carya alba

Acer dasycarpum
Liriodendron tulipifera
Magnolia macrophylla:

Common shrubs and vines on the upland slopes are:

Hydrangea arborescens

Berchemia volubilis (not
common)

Hamamelis Virginiana

Butneria florida

Smilax herbacea

Smilax bona-nox

Corylus Americanus
Lindera benzoin
Staphylea trifolia
Aesculus pavia
Euonymus atropurpureus
Hydrangea quercifolia

Quercus prinus is limited to the high hills about the head

waters of Hatchie River.
occasionally to large size.

It is nowhere abundant, but grows
Butternut (juglans cinerea) is oc-

casional in this region on upland slopes, but no large specimens

have been observed.

Wahoo seems not to be distributed far-
ther south in the state than the vicinity cf Pontotoe.

Quercus

rubra is eccmmon here and in the Tennessee River Hills, but

rare elsewhere in the state.

The tree and shrub flora listed above shows an undoubted
northern aftinity—almost as much so as that of the Tennessee

River Hills.

The herbaceous forms, perhaps even more than
the trees,‘show their northern affiliation.

Some cf the more

characteristic, mostly spring-flowering species, are given belo. :

Uvularia grandiflora
Asarum Canadense
Silene stellata

Circaea lutetiana
Geum album

Obolaria Virginica
SSanguinaria Canadensis
Geranium maculatum
Botrychium Virginianum
Polemonium reptans
Aralia racemosa

Cynoglossum Virginicum
Actaea alba

Thalictrum purpurascens
Cimicifuga racemosa
Saniecula Canadensis
Smilax errichata
Aristolochia serpentaria
Smilacina racemosa
Claytonia Virginica
Erigenia bubosa

Trillium recurvatum

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 37

The following are common clinging to limestone bluffs:

Camptosorus rhizophyllus Saxifraga Virginiensis
Woodsia obtusa Dentaria laciniata
Tris cristata. Anemonella thalictroides

Flatwoods.—This region, as the name implies, presents
usually a low lying flat topography, though in certain parts the
surface becomes rolling and even hilly. The characteristic
feature, however, is its flatness, which has caused it to be liken-
ed to a broad river valley This region extends as a belt or
zone from three to fifteen miles wide north and south aleng
the west edge of Pontotoe Ridge from the line of Tennessee
to the point of the Ridge. South cf Houston, Chickasaw Coun-
ty, the Flatwoods skirt the western edge of the Cretaceous
prairie region.

The soil of this region is prevailingly a heavy, tenaceous,
dark gray clay, with a subsoil of gray joint clay. The drain-
age is usvally not good, so that the soil,except in dry years, is
wet and cold, and more or less acid. This heavy type of soil
shades in places into a lighter, sandier soil, which lies higher
and is better drained. Both types of soil are lacking in lime
and are deficient in other elements of plant food. The close
texture of the heavy clay soil makes it very tenaceous of
moisture, so that it is either too wet to favor plant growth, or
when dry becomes too hard and compact. So that the region
is not one of rich growth and those species present are usually
of xerophytic habit, which fits them for the extreme alternate
conditions of sterile, water-logged, acid soil, and dry soil of
stony hardness.

These conditions are reflected in the tree and shrub growth
of the region, which consists chiefiy of pine (Pinus mitis and
Pinus taeda) and of oaks of a few xerophytie species, as black
jack, post oak, and Spanish oak. These usually form open
forests, with here and there on the lower flats scattered growth
of haws (Crataegus, several species) and deciduous helly.

Since soil and topographic features cf the Flatwoods shade
into those of the larger region lying to the west—and next to
be considered—the floristic features of the two merge. Hence

38 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

further deseription will be embraced under discussion of the
next region.

North Central Plateau.—This region is much larger than
any of those so far considered It cecupies all that region of
the northern half of the state lying west of the Flatwoods and
east of a belt fifteen to twenty miles wide bordering the Yazoo-
Mississippi Delta. The boundaries may be traced on the sketch
map.

The surface of this regicn is that of a maturely eroded
plateau of varying altitude, from less than 400 to more than
600 feet above sea level, the higher altitudes being in the north-
ern parts of the area. Many streams trench the surface, the
larger having broad flats 100 to 200 feet lower than the Plateau
surface. Usually two or more terraces fringe the stream val-
leys. On account of the mature erosicn the original plateau
has been cut into hills and ridges, the surface being more
broken and intricately dissected near the larger streams, while
in the wider areas between streams the original plateau presents
a gently rolling surface. As may be inferred from the forego-
ing statements the uplands of the region are well drained. In
the stream valleys the first bottoms in many places are badly
drained and occupied with swamp growth, which will be de-
seribed presently.

The upland scils of the region present two very well de-
fined aspects which really constitute two sub-regions, as the
species occupying the two differ considerably. A north-south
zone occupying about the east one-half of the area shows clay
soils similar te those of the Flatwoods, though somewhat
sandier and the surface more rolling. Over much of the area
the tops of the hills and ridges are capped with yellow and red
sandy loam soils; toward the western part of this subdivision
the sandy soils very much predominate and the topography
becomes more brcken. These soils, as are those of the Flat-
woods, are derived from weathering of outcropping clay and
sand formations of the Eocene Tertiary.

The western subdivision of the North Central Plateau has
overlying the eroded surface of the eccene sands a blanket

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 39

covering of a tawny or yellowish-brown silt loam, which has
been called the Brown Loam. This is a medium light soil,
moderately rententive of moisture but is well drained. It is
fairly rich in plant food, and a good agricultural soil. This
soil is derived from the Loess, being the thin eastward exten-
sion of it, varying in thickness from eight or ten feet down to
one or two.

As the flora of this region is representative cf at least one-
third of the entire state, it will be treated somewhat fully. In
the sandy eastern half of this region from Grenada County
north, and in all the central parts of the state south of Grenada
and north of Jackson prairies, the chief tree growth is pine
(Pinus taeda and Pinus mitis being the commen species). The
forests, however, are not usually pure pine forests, but have
a considerable admixture of oaks of several species, and other
hardwood trees. The oaks most abundantly mixed with the
pines are black jack, post oak, and Spanish oak. The typical
forests cf the sandy uplands are:

Ulmus alata Pinus mitis
Ulmus Americana Pinus taeda
Prunus Americana Quercus nigra
Sassafras officinale Quercus stellata
Cornus florida Quercus falcata
Vaccinium arboreum Quercus velutina
Diospyros Virginiana Carya tomentosa
Castanea vesca. Carya porcina

Of original growth, Pinus mitis, the short-leaf yellow pine,
is the most common tree of the region, often growing in almost
pure stand over large areas. The old field pine (Pinus taeda)
is everywhere the most abundant second growth tree, in a few
years covering with a dense growth of seedlings all old fields
thrown out of cultivation.

The shrubby undergrowth is somewhat typical, showing
a decided xerophytie character, as will be seen from the follow--
ing list:
Vitis rotundifolia Vaccinium stamineum
Rhus radicans Rhus copallina

40 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (Bull.

Ceanothus Americanus Hamamelis Virginiana.
Hyrangea quercifola Corylus Americana
Hydrangea arborescens Rhus glabra

All the species, both of trees and of shrubs mentioned
as common in this sandy subdivision, occur also in the west-
ern subdivision where the silt lcam soils prevail, the difference
consisting mainly in different proportions of the species. On
the silt loam soil pine is not prominent as a part of the original
growth and becomes less so as the loess bluffs are approached,
while the number of varieties of hardwood species become
greater and of more mesophyte character.

The upland herbaceous forms of this region present less
diversity than its extent and soil differences would lead us to
expect. Common open land species are the following:

Plantago aristata Claytonia Virginica
Houstonia patens Anemone Caroliniana
Houstonia longifolia Asclepias tuberosa
Ranunculus fascicularis Ascyrum Crux-Andreaa
Nothoseordum striatum Linum Virginianum
Stylosanthes elatior Oenothera frusticosa -
Rudbeckia hirta Stellaria media
Commelyna Virginica Ipomea pandurata
Draba brachyearpa Erigeron bellidifolius
Tonactis linariifolius Apogon humilis
Geranium Carolinanum Krigia Virginica
Specularia perfcliata Krigia dandelion
Cerastium viscosum Coreopsis lanceolata.

Salvia lyrata

Herbs that grow chiefly beneath open upland woods are the
follewing :

/

Tephrosia Virginica Podophyllum peltatum
Antennaria plantaginifolia Smilacina racemosa
Ruellia ciliosa Mitchella repens

Viola palmata Rosa humilis

Viola pedata (in the pine Potentilla Canadensis

region) Geranium maculatum

No. 17]

Viola villosa

Cyripedium pubescens
Spiranthes gracilis ©
Galium pilosum

Galium circaezans
Dioscorea villosa

Heuchera Americana
Pedicularis Canadensis
Chamaelirium Carclinianum

FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 41

Tradeseantia Virginica

Asclepias variegata

Asclepias obtusifolius

Lithospermum canescens (in
pine region)

Pteris aquilina

Phegopteris hexagonoptera

Spigelia Marilandica

Sanicula Canadensis.

The lowland soils of this region are sandy loams rich in

plant food, although usually deficient in lime.

A heavy hard-

wood forest of numerous species originially occupied all the

stream bottoms.

Quercus alba
Quercus Michauxii
Quercus lyrata
Quercus aquatica

Some cf the common lowland trees are:

Platanus occidentalis
Carpinus Carolinianus
Ulmus Americanus
Uhnus fulva

Quercus rubra (not very com-Fagus ferruginea

com )
Acer dasycarpum
Acer rubrum
Ilex opaca
Cercis Canadensis

Carya alba
Liriodendron tulipifera
Taxodium distichum
Betula nigra.

Shrubs and vines of the lowlands are:

Cephalanthus occidentalis
Aralia spinosa

Euonymus Americanus
[lex decidua

Vaccinium corymbosum
Staphylea trifolia
Ampelopsis quinquefolia
Cissus bipinnata
Asimina trilcba

Crataegus aplifolia
Alnus serrulata —
Rosa Carolina

Cornus stricta
Lonicera sempervirens
Vitis rotundifolia
Tecoma radicans
Smilax rotundifolia.

Herbaceous forms of the wooded lowlands, especially in
rich shaded soils, are represented by the following:

Phlox divaricata
Arisaema triphyllum

Trillium sessille
Uvularia perfoliata

42 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Arisaema dracontium Uvularia sessilifolia

Osmunda regalis Boehmeria cylindrica
Osmunda cinnamomea Medeola Virginica

Adiantum pedatum Thalictrum purpurascens ?
Habenaria ciliaris Elodea campanulata
Platanthera bracteata i Galium trifidum

Platanthera psychodes Dioclea Boykinii.

Microstylis ophoioglosscides

-

In open marshy places and bordering or growing in the
water of ponds and sluggish streams, the following are re-
presentative :

Eupatorum perfohatum Zygadenus glaberrimus
Eupatorium rotundifolium Ranunculus pusillus
Senecio lobatus Linaria Canadensis
Physestegia Virginiana Typha latifolia
Dulichium spathaceum Rhexia Mariana
Sagittaria variabilis Rhexia Virginica
Scirpus lacustris Ludwigia alternifolia
Peltandra undulata Ludwigia palustris
Hibiscus moscheutos Acorus calamus.

Loess or Bluff Region—This region embraces a narrow
strip from 15 to 20 miles wide bordering the eastern edge of
the Delta lowlands from the northern boundaries of the state
tc and beyond the line of Louisiana on the south. From Vicks-
burg south the bluffs le close in towards the river, and are
rather more pronounced than farther north. The bluff hills
lie on or somewhat below the general level of the central pla-
teau, which it borders on the west, the characteristic prccipi-
tous hills of this region being remnants of the ragged edge of
the intericr plateau produced by the deep eutting of streams
in passing from the plateau level to that of the Delta lowlands.

The marked broken and intricate character of the topo-
graphy is due to a peculiarity of the material eroded. For
15 or 20 miles back from the Delta edge a thick deposit of eal-
careous loess silt overlies the surface to a depth of from 30 to
79 feet, and forms the basis for the soil and for the peeuliay
character of erosion into vertical faces. This loess is a fine

INOf 7 | FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 43
yellowish, caleareous silt, non-stratified, and containing numer-
ous snail shells. It is thickest next to the Delta edge and thins
toward its eastern margin.

On acecunt of the lime content the soil derived from this
material is more fertile than that of the plateau farther back,
and supports a somewhat different vegetation. In this region,
the upland flora of the plateau and the lowland flora of the
Delta come into competition, with the result that the flora, while
of hill type, has some characters derived from the Delta.

The extent cf the region from north to south is such that,
while the distinctive features of the flora persist, some species
appear in the southern part that have not been found in the
northern part, and vice versa.

The tree growth of the Loess hills is almost entirely of
hardwoods. Pines are not at all a common feature, except as
second growth in old thrown out fields or other openings. Red
cedar is not uncommon on the slopes, but was probably not a
part of the original flora. Magnolias of several species are com-
mon and characteristic ; several species of lime-loving trees that
are common in the lime soils of northeast Mississippi skip the

intervening regions and reappear here. Such are Durand’s oak,
~ the butternut and hackberry. The gray moss (Tillandsia usne-
oides) drapes the trees, being especially abundant in the south-
ern half of the region, and gradually disappearing before the
northern boundary of the state is reached. Myrica cerifera
has been observed toward the southern end of the regicn, but
has not been seen farther north, though east of Pearl River in
sandy loam soils, it is found considerably farther north.

The beautiful white Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata), with
its dark, glossy, trifoliate leaves and long trailing stems is very
common and striking in the southern half of this region, and
in the rich loam soils east ef the Bluff region in the same lati-
tudes.

A few herbaceous species have been observed in this region
are Croton Texensis, Parthenium hysterophorus and Heter-
as far north as Natchez, and nowhere else in the state. These

44 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

otheca Larmarkii. Pteris serrulata has been noted onee cling-
ing to the vertical loess bluffs at Natchez, and only once else-
where in the state, cn the walls of the Old Capitol at Jackson
several years ago, before the repair of that building.

The tree growth of the loess hills is rich, both in variety
and in quantity. In its original state the forests were heavy
and gloomy on account of the luxurrant growth of the gray
moss which festocned all the trees, and because of abundance
of lianas and creepers that matted the forests. Prominent in
these forests were the following trees:

Carpinus Caroliniana Castanea pumila
Ostrya Virginica Carya tomentosa
Magnolia grandiflora Carya myristicaeformis
Magnolia acuminata cordata Quercus alba
Magnolia macrophylla Quercus velutina
Liriodendren tulipifera Quercus Texana
Juglans nigra Quereus Durandi
Juglans cinerea (north) Quercus Michauxii
Fagus feruginea Quercus aquatica
Celtis Mississippiensis Ulmus Americana
Tilia pubescens Ulmus fulva

\lorus rubra

Climbers and shrubs cf the region are represented by the
following species:

Ampelopsis quinquefolia Calycocarpum Lyoni
Bignonia capreolata Hydrangea quercifolia
Tecoma radicans Arundinaria macrosperma
Rhus radicans Cornus florida

Cissus bipinnata Cornus stolonifera
Cissus ampelopsis Hydrangea arborescens
Vitis rotundifolia Asimina triloba

Vitis riparia, Euomymus Americana
Vitis labrusea Hamamelis Virginica
Berchemia volubilis Callicarpa Americana
Vitis cordifola Crataegus spathulata
Rosa laevigata Crataegus viridis
Gelsemium sempervirens Lindera, benzoin

Lonicera sempervirens Myrica cerifera (south)

No. 17]

Common herbaceous forms growing on the uplands and

loess slopes are the following:

Rubus villosus

Rubus trivialis
Heterotheca Lamarckii
Equisetum rubustum
Arisaema draccntium
Galium pilesum
Aseyrum Crux-Andreae
Geum abun

Spigelia Marilandica
Erynegmn prostratum
Awphiecarpaéea monoica

The lowlands ct this region present only slight differences
from the flora of the adjacent Delta.

FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

Asecyrum hypericoides
Ruellia eiliosa

Epiphegus Viriginiana
Podophyllum peltarium
Croton Texensis /south)
Aspidium avrest'choides
Aspidium pxtens (south)
Desmodium rotundife. wa
Actea alba

Solidago caesia
Thalictrum purpurascens
Adiantum pedatum (north)

and shrubs of the lowlands is given below:

Quereus alba

Quereus Michawxii
Quercus lyrata

(Juercus acuminata
Magnolia grandiflora
Magnolia acuminata cordeta
Liquidamber styraciflua
Nyssa sylvatica

Nyssa uniflora
Taxodium distichum
Fraxinus Americanus

A few herbaceous forms associated with the above on the

lowlands are given below:

Polygonum Virginianum
Eclipta alba

Mikania scandens
Galium trifidum

Galium cireaezans
Impatiens fulva
Phryma leptostachya

Fraxinus quadrangulata
Fagus ferrugines

Ilex opaca

Carya olivaeformis
Carya aquatica

Planera aquatica

Acer dasyearpum
Populus deltoides
Schizandra coccinea
Brunnichia cirrhosa
Arundinaria macrosperma

Tillandsia usenoides
Boehmeria cylindrica
Uvularia perfoliata
Ludwigia alternifolia
Jussiaea decurrens
Mimulus alatus
Lobelia cardinalis

A brief list of the trees

46 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (Bull.
Pilea pumila Aspidium thelypteris
Euonymus Americanus Asclepias perennis

The Yazoo Delta.—The Delta region embraces all the allu-
vial lowlands bordering the Mississippi River and the lower
courses of its tributaries. It is a narrow strip, from one to a
few miles wide in south Mississippi, but north of Vicksburg,
Warren County, it widens to a broad nearly level plain 60
miles wide at its widest part, and about 200 miles in length.
This plain les so nearly level that the drainage is poor, and
occasionally much of it overflows.

The soil is very rich, but presents two well-marked phases.
Along the streams and for a few miles back the soil is a fine
sandy loam which les a little higher and is better drained than
the lands within the interstream areas, where owing to their
relative lowness and the heavier clay soils, much of the surface
is permanently occupied by bayous, lakes and swamps.

These Delta plains were orginally covered with heavy
hardwood forests, much of which still stands in the low swam-
py areas. The trees are prevailingly of the moisture and
water loving kinds, as would be expected, and differ from the
tree flora of the last described region quantitatively rather
than qualitatively. While no new species are found in this
section, the bulk of the forest growth runs much more largely
to a few dominant species. On the higher, better drained soils
a fine growth of lowland oaks prevail, with an admixture of ash,
hickory, pecan, beech, hackberry, and magnolia, with com-
paratively little undergrowth except along bayous and stream
channels. In the low swamp areas the tree growth becomes
predominently a forest of swamp species, mainly of gum (Nyssa
silvatica, N. unifiora and N. aquatica), red gum (Liquidamber
styraciflua) and cypress, in dense growth. Cane and palmetto
palm often form dense undergrowth all but impenetrable.

In open sand flats near the Mississippi River cottonwood
is a very common growth, as also is the willow (Salix nigra).

The herbaceous flora of the Delta is not very varied. The

shade of the forest is such that few species thrive beneath them.
A few species not already mentioned as occurring in the adja-

‘No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 47

cent region, together with a few others most commonly found
in the lowlands, are given here:

Polygcnum Virginianum Hymenoeallis lacera
Commelina hirtella Lythrum alatum (openings)
Penthorum sedoides Ammannia coccinea

Lippia lanceolata Spermacoce glabra
Saururus cernuus Conobea multifida
Asclepias perennis Spilanthes repens

Jackson Prairie Region.—This region of small prairies ex-
tends in a belt varying from 10 to 30 miles miles wide, in a
directicn slightly northwest and southeast across the state
(boundaries may be seen on the sketch map). Its greatest
breadth is in the extreme western part from the longitude’ of
Jackson to the Bluff Hills; eastward it narrows to the Alaba-
ma line. The region is one of rolling topography. In parts,
as in the southern half of Madiscn County and the northern
part of Hinds, the surface is gently rolling; in other parts
where the soil is sandy, the topography is more broken. In the
broad western part of the area the surface soil is Brown Loam
of loess origin modified somewhat by the underlying cacareous
Jackson clays; the sandy, hilly parts have a soil derived from
the overlapping cf the Jackson clays by red and yellowish
sands of the Pliocene beds.

The typical prairie soils are rather heavy dark gray, or,
in much of the area, lighter gray clays produced by the weather-
ing of the calcareous clays and marls of the Jackson formation.
This character of soil is not found in continuity over wide
spaces, but is generally patchy, the patches being surrounded
by one of the other types.

As would be expected, the flora of the region presents three
rather well-marked phases. The typical soil, that of the true
prairie type, supports a characteristic prairie flora; the west-
tern loam part supports the flora of the Brown Loam region,
modified by invasions from the prairie flora, and the sandy
loam parts toward the southeast support the extensions of the
flora of the southern long-leaf pine belt, modified by additions
from the prairie flora.

4§ MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

In this brief sketch it will be necessary to notice only the
flora of the typical prairie, since the flora of the adjacent Brown
Loam region, already considered, gives a representative impres-
sion of the vegetation of that part of the region overlain by the
Brown Loam. The sandy soil division is sufficiently lke the
region lying immediately south that a discussion of the cne wil!
bring out the salient characteristics of both.

Most of the surface of even the prairie soil is now or has
been, occupied by a somewhat undersized tree growth, in places
quite open, in others rather dense. Further, while the trees in
the western part are mostly hardwocds of a few species, in the
more eastern parts pine, both long-leaf and short-leaf, is the
dominant tree, affording commercial stands. These are prob-
ably invasions, the long-leaf pine coming from the sand regions
to the south, and shortleaf pine from the sandy hills to the north
of the prairie region. That the pine is normally not a tree
of the loess soil is evident, though it invades that region as a
second growth. Practicallly all the commercial pine of the
state lies east of the Loess and Brown Loam regions.

The trees growing chiefly in the western loam part of the
prairie region are hardwoods, consisting of oaks of a few spe-
cies, as post oak, black jack, Spanish oak, tan-bark oak, and
Texas oak. With these, cecasional hickories, persimmon, and
cedar occur. Along with the pines in the more eastern parts
black jack and post oak are common, and occasionally the tur-
key oak extends into the sandy ridges.

Some characteristic herbaceous species of the prairies pro-
per are given below:

Rhus copallina Penstemon pubescens
hus glabra Petalostemon candidus
Tephrosia spicata Petalostemon violaceus
Rhynchosia tomentosa Baptisia leucantha
Delphineum azureum Silphinm integrifolium
Linum Virginianum Silphium scaberrimum
Aesculus pavia Liatris spicata
Polygala Boykinii Aster virgatus
Desmanthus luteus Rudbeckia hirta

Desmanthus brachylobus Rudbeckia triloba

Noses FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 49

Echinacea purpurea Rudbeckia laciniata
Solidago rugosa Buchnera elongata
Onosmodium Carolinianum Cacalia tuberosa
Helenium angustifolium Crotalaria Purshii
Helianthus laetiflorus Agave Virginica
Collinsonia seabriuseula . Asclepias variegata
Acerates paniculata Asclepias tuberosa

Asclepiodora viridis

Lowland forms will not be described, as they present no
characteristics different. from the lowlands of adjacent regions,
in connection with which they are sufficiently discussed.

Long Leaf Pine Region.—This division constitutes the
whole of the state south of the Jackson prairies and east of the
Loess region, except a low flat coastal stretch a few feet above
sea level, and extending from five to fifteen miles inland from
the beach. The soil here is sandy, and as just stated, the floris-
tic characteristics are noticed in the eastern half cf the state
extending as far north as Meridian, thus lapping over that end
of the Jackson prairie region. Since the red sandy formation
that furnishes the soil of the leng-leaf pine section extends
north of Meridian, the flora of the region has followed the soil
northward.

As mentioned above, this is a reddish-brown sandy loam,
and is on the whole a more sterile soil than any of those already
considered. It is generally poor in all the elements cf plant
food, and when above drainage is very dry. In the southern
parts, however, low swales and flats between ridges are poorly
drained, with wet and acid soil. The water--logged condition
of the soil induces an acidity simulating the condition of a nor-
thern bog, with the result that these places support a flora
very suggestive of bog flora.

The upland forests of this region are almost pure lon-
leaf pine (Pinus australis), with a very sparse sprinkling of
other trees, though near the northern boundary there is a large
admixture of short leaf yellow pine, and on the western border
a considerable hardwood growth invades from the loess forests.
Along stream valleys the pines are replaced by hardwoods of

50 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

numerous species, since the long leaf pine is not usually a low-
land tree. Sterile sandy ridges in places support, besides the
pine, a considerable shrubby growth of turkey oak and blue
jack,

Remembering that over the greater part of this region the
long-leaf pine constitutes fully ninety per cent of the tree
erowth, we append a list of the trees growing on the uplands
of the region.

Rhus typhina
Dicspyros Virginiana
Sassafras officinale
Pinus australis
Pinus mitis

Pinus taeda

Pinus heterophylla
(Juercus cinerea
Quercus nigra
Quercus Catesbaei

Rhus copallina

Rhus toxicodendron
Castanea pumila
Viburnum dentatum
Pyrus angustifoha
Liquidamber styraciflua
Quercus stellata

Cornus florida

Prunus Americana

The following is a partial list of herbaceous species which

grow beneath the open upland pine forests:

Tephrosia Virginiana
Tephrosia spicata
Phaseolus pauciflorus
Coreopsis lanceolata
Aster adnatus

Aster patens

Aster paludosus
Jatropha stimulosa
Stillingia salvatica
Cassia nictitans

Cassia chamaecrista
Micrantha fuchsioides
Gerardia aphylla
Ascyrum stans
Aseyrum crux-andreae
Liatris spicata

Liatris squarrosa

Stylosanthes elatior
Ruellia ciliosa
Houstcnia purpurea
Eringium yuccaefolium

Pyenanthemum linifolium

Asclepias tuberosa
iryngium virgatum
Polygala nana
Polygala lutea
Polygala grandiflora
Clitoria mariana
Centrosema Virginiana
Rhynchosia reniformis
Chrysopsis gramifolia
Afzelia cassioides
Dasytoma pectinata
Rudbeckia hirta

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 51

Drosera rotundifolia Houstonia rotundifolia
Agave Virginica Asclepias amplexicaulis
Lupinus villosus Silphium scaberrimum

Trees and shrubs on stream bettoms and bordering swamps
are the following:

Pinus taeda Quercus phellos

Pinus glabra Quercus laurifolia
Chamnaeeyparis thyoides Quercus aquaticus
Nyssa sylvatica Quereus Virginiana
Nyssa aquatica Quercus Michauxii
Liquidamber styracifiua Magnolia grandiflora
Acer dasyearpum Magnolia glauca
Symplocos tinctoria Magnoha macrophylla
Azalea nudiflora Chionanthus Virginica
Azalea viscosa Leucothoe axillaris

Cyrilla racemificra
Smilax laurifolia
Stewartia Virginica
Fraxinus Caroliniana
Taxodium distichum.

Iicium Floridanum
Gelsemium sempervirens
Halesia diptera ‘
Ilex vomitoria

The herbaceous forms are sufficiently like those of the
Coastal Pine Meadows, the next region to be discussed, that
consideration of them will be deferred.

Coastal Pine Meadows.—This is a low-lying region of slight
relief. It borders the Gulf like a penumbra five to fifteen miles
in width, but occasionally, especially around bay heads, widen-
ing to twenty-five or thirty miles. It is nowhere more than
twenty to thirty feet above sea level. Ground water lies near
the surface over the whole area, coming to the surface in occa-
sional depressions, forming marshes and swamps which tend to
follow lines roughly parallel with the coast. Near the coast
an occasional sand ridge from ten to twenty feet higher than
surrounding parts marks the position of former beach dunes,
now fixed and clothed with vegetation, which varies from car-
pet grass and sand peas to tall pine forests.

The soil is sandy and grayish in the higher parts, and in
the intervening low wet meadows, where water usually stands,

52 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

is black, peaty ,and acid. All the streams flowing through this
region are sluggish and tortuous, with sandy bottoms and clear,
aimber-colored, peaty water.

This whole area is clothed with an open growth of pine and
on the wet acid soils occurs an undergrowth of characteristic
species resembling that cf northern bogs. From a floristic
point of view it is perhaps the most interesting region in the
state, possessing more species peculiar to itself than any other.

The trees and shrubs cf the dryer areas are represented by
the following pecies:

Pinus australis Quercus cinerea

Pinus taeda Acer dasyecarpum (along
Pinus heterophylla streams)

Quercus Virginiana Simplocos tinetoria
Quercus laurifola Cyrilla racemiflora
Quereus Catesbaei Cliftonia, ligustrina
(Quercus nigra Oxydendrum arboreum

Magnolia grandiflora

Some of these species are also found along streams and
bordering swamps. Others found in the low wet depressions
are:

Ilex glabra (in dense thickets) Chamaecyparis thyoides

Ilex vomitoria Cliftonia ligustrina
Magnolia glauca Cyrilla racemiflora
Andromeda, nitida Azalea viscosa
Osmanthus Americana Azalea nudificra
Gaylussacia dumosa Serenoa serrulata
Nyssa aquatica Persea pubescens

Nyssa uniflora

Herbaceous species of the higher and drier soils are re-
presented by the following:

Polygala lutea Hypericum densiflorum
Polygala nana Viola primulaefolia
Rhexia glabella Trilisa odoratissima
Rhexia Virginica Linum Floridanum

Rhexia stricta Pingeuicula lutea

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 53

Rhexia serrulata Aster vernus

Sabbatia gracilis Sarracenia psittacina
Sabbatia campanulata Ascyrum pumilum
Oenothera fruticosa Asecyrum stans

Lobelia glandulosa Zy gadenus glaberrimus

Lycopodium alopecuroides

On low, acid, marshy depressions and open savannas, and
bordering or growing in marshes, are interesting forms, some cof

the commoner and more characteristic of which are given be-

low:

Sarracenia rubra Stokesia laevis
Sarracenia flava Chaptalia tomentosa
Sarracenia Drummondi Badwinia uniflora
Drosera rotundiflora Rhexia lutea

Drosera filiformis Eriocaulon decangulare
Drosera intermedia Eriocaulon septangulare
Pogonia ophioglossoides Lophiola aurea
Pogonia divaricata Polygala ramosa
Calopogon pulchellus Polygala eymosa
Calopogon parviflcrus Aletris aurea

Hibiscus aculeatus Aletris farinosa
Xyris torta Zygademus glaberrimus

Lycopodium alopecuroides

The Gulf furnishes a strand flora quite distinct from that
of the rest of the state. This is chiefly because of strand con-
ditions, but also partly because of an accession of a number of
tropical or subtropical species. In discussing the beach flora
the species mentioned will include characteristic forms found
on the islands off the coast.

Some of the common species found upon and immediately
above the sandy beaches are given here.

Among trees the commonest are the live oak (Quercus ger-
tinata), pine (Pinus australis, Pinus taeda, Pinus heterophylla),
myrica cerifera, and just above tide groves of Daubentonia
longifolia. :

54 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Herbaceous plants common on the sandy beaches are:

Amphistelma filiforme Cenchrus tribuloides
Cenchrus megacephalus Physalis angustifolia
Linum Foridanum Oenothera humifusa
Croton maritimus Chrysopsis scabrella
Solanum sisymbriifolium Opuntia pes-corvi
Solanum alaeagnifolium Panicum amarum
Solanum aculeatissimum Tpomcea saggitata
Solanum gracile

Cakile fusiformis Salsola kali

Dondia linearis Sesuvium portulacastrum
Strophostyles helvolus Euphorbia polygonifoha

Of characteristic species on dunes a little back from the
beach, a few dune formers and sand binders are given here:

Ilex vomitoria Myrica cerifera
Serenoa serrulata Tpomoea pes-caprae
Ceratiola ericcides Tpomoea acetosaefolia
Uniola paniculata Panicum halophilum.

On live cak and pine flats immediately back from the beach
dunes, especially on the larger islands, a few typical species
occur, as given here:

Serenoa serrulata Smilax auriculata
Myrica cerifera Quercus geminata
Cenchrus megacephalus Pinus taeda
Cenchrus tribuloides Froelechia Floridana
Calamintha coccinea Polygonella Americana
Erythrina herbacea Jatropha stimulosa
Eryngium yuccaefolium syn- Lechea tenuifolia
chatum Trilisa cdoratissima
Cassia chamaechrista Diodia teres

Cladonia rangiferina.

Forms that are found in salt marshes along the coast and -
upon the chain of islands, are the following:

Lycium Carolinianum Heterotheea Lamarkii

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 55

Avicennia nitida (on muck Solidago sempervirens

islands) Borrichia frutescens
Pluchea camphorata Aster tenuifcla
Crantzia lineata Gerardia maritima
Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Seutera maritima
Hydrocotyle interrupta Batis maritima
Sensuvium portulacastrum Salicornia herbacea
Iva frutescens Atriplex cristata
Statice Caroliana Utricularia subulata

Dichromena leucocephala (in
brackish marshes)

The species given here are only a small proportion of those
occurring in this regicn of coastal flats. Comparing the flora
of these flats and adjacent pine uplands with the pine barrens
flora of the Atlantic coastal regoin—of southern New Jersey,
for example—a remarkable paralellism will be noted. In
general character the two flcras have much in common, and
many species are identical, or represented by elcsely related
forms. Both have a comparatively large number of species
peculiar to the region, and, as just stated, a good many in com-
mon that are not shown by other regions, though the Bog ficra
of the northern United States approaches closely in character
and aspect that of the pine barrens. General similarity of soil
conditions may be sufficient to explain the persistence of these
peculiar floras in their particular situations, but hardly ae-
counts for their origin in such widely separated areas.

nly
sf
: re .

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 57

J oelsoto | | BENTON | co
iA MARSHALL I ! Tippan =
2 Cel eae ; j
a} H TATE bai ( | one
Verio re 8 ee i
ae a sen! UNIG i — 1
eee tt j i '
rs | Be
ry | | PANOLA i LAFAYETTE i= ==
a. i ( ! 5 | | Lee j\Tawamea
d c ; i PONTPTOG
scanowa jquiTman ty et Bs a 4 4 j |
roel a 4 i § d peer eee
i. a) homens! i 5a : at ee
H TALEAMAT HIE i ‘
. ) , CHICHMB aw
ee Gre CALHOUN | aoaw | Pee ae
= : J t
Sorivearn RENADA { j Fate |
4 i Fable .
‘oe j rd cacame eal | <x o ax a | \ Lawes
rd | Lescore fi | WEBSTER i } Clay
See i coe ees
J SGOMERY Fa hon (B ena’ LOWNOD
3 j carnout ba! i
| ; CHOOTAW | i {
ie _— =e) So coe sam fem +) ——: aN Lh ‘
j -

! loxusee
ATTALA t— WwInSTON §

(peel Hee eas
5

j LEAKE | MECHOBA KEMPER

9 ie

CLAIBORNE {

* ee,

Neg
JEFFERSON r Sontene wr:

ADAMB | FRANKLIN

Oy Rt ate

AMT
WILKINSO! E

ees
SEETCH MAP OF TOPOGRAPHIC REGIONS | :
' PEARL RIVER i]

1—Tennesseea River Hills.
2—Northeast Prairie Belt. eae HARRISON jf Jackson
3—Pontotoe Ridge. t
4—Flatwoods.

5—North Central Plateau.
6—Jackson Prairie Belt.
7—Loess or Bluff Region.
8—Yazoo Delta.
9—Coastal Pine Meadows.

Catalogue of Flowering Plants and Ferns

PTERIDOPHYTA. FERN PLANTS.

Sub-Kingdom PTERIDOPHYTA Fern-like Plants
Order FILICALES. Ferns proper.

Family OPHIOGLOSSACEAE. Adder’s Tongue Family.
Ophioglossum L. Adder’s Tongue.

Ophioglossum pusillum Nutt. (O. nudicaule Sturm.)
Sandy soil near the coast (Mohr).

BOTRYCHIUM Sw. Grape Fern.
Botrychium ternatum (Thumb) Sw. .(Osmunda ternatum

Thunb.)
Rich shaded soil. Prentiss Co., Itawamba Co., DeKalb,
Collins.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Botrychium Virginianum (Li) Sw. (Osmunda Virginiana L.)
Damp rich woods. Hattiesburg; Shubuta; New Albany;
Ripley ; Eastport; Vicksburg.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Family POLYPODIACEAE. Fern Family
POLYPODIUM L. Polypody.

Polypodium polypodioides (l.) Hitchcock (P. incanum Sw.)
Shady rocks and trees; a crevice plant in the sandstone
bluffs of Tishomingo Co.; Oxford; Carrollton; Jackson.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ADIANTUM L. Maidenhair Fern.
Adiantum capillus-veneris L.

Shaded limestone bluffs, Limestone Creek, Wayne Co.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

60 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Adiantum pedatum L.

Rich shaded slopes; Tishomingo, Grenada, Madison, War-
ren, and Claiborne Counties; Ripley; Eastport; Itawamba Co.; ~
Columbus. 4

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

PTERIS L. Brake Fern.

Pteris aquilina L.
Dry open upland woods in most parts of the state. Tisho-
mingo Co., Hinds Co.; Lafayette Co.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Pteris aquilina caudata L.

Coastal regions and islands (Tracy); Collins; Paseagoula.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Loess bluffs, Natchez; clinging to damp walls of the Old ©

Loss bluffs, Natchez; clinging to damp walls of the Old
Capitol, Jackson.

CHEILANTHES Sw. Lip Fern.

Cheilanthes lanosa (Michaux.) Watt. (Cheilanthes vestita Sw.)

Shaded limestone bluffs, Tishomingo Co.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

WOODWARDIA J. E. Smith. Chain Fern.

Woodwardia areolata (lL) Moore (W. angustifolia Smith.)
Shaded wet soil and swamps. Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.;

Warren Co.; Newton; Lost Gap; Chunky; Biloxi (Tracy).
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ASPLENIUM lL. Spleenwort.

Asplenium playneuron (lL) Oakes (A. ebeneum Ait.)
Damp shaded soil; Oxford; Eastport; Utica; New Albany;
Hattiesburg.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Asplenium angustifolium Michx. Narrow-leaved Spleenwort.
Rich moist woods. Eastport along Tennessee River bluffs;

Morton; Ripley.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Noo 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 61

Asplenium filix-foemina (L.) Bernh. epi cutan filix-foe-
mina.) Lady Fern.

Moist woods. Lafayette Co.; Simpson Co., (Hilg. Ms.) ;
Ripley.

CAMPTOSORUS Link, Walking Fern.
Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link;

On limestone ledges along Tennessee River Bluffs at East-
port; Pontotoc Ridge, east and northeast of New Albany.
Geol. Sury. Herb.

PHEGOPTERIS Fee. Beech Fern.

Phegoptheris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fee. (Polyodium hexa-
gonoptera Michx.)
Rich shaded woods. lafayette, Hinds, Warren and Tish-

omingo Counties; Pontotoc, Ripley, Eastport, Grenada,
Meadville, Fulton.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

POLYSTICHUM Roth. Christmas Fern.

Folystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott. (Aspidium acros-
choides Sw.)
Rather dry wooded slopes over the state. Oxford; Jack-
son; Carrollton; Charleston; New Albany.
Geol. Surv. Herb

DRYOPTERIS Adans. Shield Fern.

Dryopteris thelypteris (lL) Gray (Aspidium thelypteris Sw.)
Swamps. Warren Co.; Tishomingo City; Picayune.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Dryopteris Floridana (Hook.) Kuntze (Aspidium Floridana
Eaton).
Damp shaded woods. Picayune.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray (Aspidium marginale Sw.)
Damp shaded woods. Southwestern "Hinds Co.
Geol. Survey Herb.

62 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Dryopteris patens (Sw.) Kuntze (Aspidium patens Sw.)
Shaded woodlands in southern counties. Southern Hinds
(T. P. Bailey) ; Jefferson and Wayne Counties; Smith Co.
Geol. Survey Herb.

CYSTOPTERIS. Bernh. Bladder Fern.

Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. ( Polypodium fragile L.)
On limestone ledges in northeast Mississippi. Eastport.
Geol. Survey Herb.

ONOCLEA L. Sensitive Fern.
Onoclea sensibilis L.

Shaded swamps. Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co. (T. P. Bailey) ;
Clarke Co.; Toomsuba; Pontotoc; Ripley; Lost Gap; Grena-
da; Mich. City; Fulton.

Geol. Survey Herb.

WOODSIA, R. Brown.

Woodsia obtusa (Spring.) Torr. (Aspidium obtusum Willd.)
Shaded rocky banks. Eastport; New Albany; southern

Hinds Co.
Geol. Survey Herb.

TRICHOMANES L. Bristle Fern.

Trichomanes Fetersii, Gray.
Dripping sandstone ledges. ‘‘Alabama, Georgia and Mis-
sissippi,’’ Small.

OSMUNDA L. Flowering Fern.

Osmunda cinnamomea L. Cinnamon Fern.
Open swamps perhaps throughout the state. Oxford,

Landon; Smith Co.; Hinds Co.; Eastport; Lost Gap; Mich.
City ; Meadville.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Osmunda spectabilis Willd. (0. regalis L.) Royal Fern.

Borders of marshes, probably over the state. Oxford;
Landon;; Bay St. Louis; Ripley; Eastport; Mich. City; Lost
Gap.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 63

Order EQUISETALES... Horsetails.
Family EQUISATACEAE. Horsetail Family.
Equisetum L.,

Equisetum hyemale L.
Wet banks and marshes. New Albany; Charleston.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Equisetum robustum A. Br.
Wet depressions in loess hills. Natchez; Haynes’ Bluff,
Warren Co.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Order LYCOPODIALES. Club Mosses.
Family LYCOPODIACEAE. Club Moss Family.
Lycopodium L. Club Moss.
Lycopodium alopecuroides L.

Low wet pine barrens. Lost Gap; Lauderdale Springs;
Picayune; Landon; Tylertown.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Lycopodium adpressum (Chapm.) Lloyd & Underw. (Lycopo-
dium alopecuroides adpressum Chapm.)
Pine barren swamps; near the coast. Mohr.

Lycopodium pinnatum (Chapm.) Lloyd & Underwood (UL. in-
undatum pinnatum, Chapm.)
Pine barren swamps near the coast. Mohr.

Lycopodium Carolinianum L.

Low pine barrens of South Mississippi. Lauderdale

Springs; Picayune; State Line.

nee Geol. Surv. Herb.
Lycopodium cernuum L.

Wet banks near the ecast. Small.
Lycopodium Chapmanii Underw.
Wet shaded depressions. Fulton; Winona; Lauderdale

Springs; State Line; Hurley; Lyman.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

64 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (Bull.

Family SELAGINELLACEAE. Underw.
SELAGINHLLA Beauv.

Selaginella apus (L.) Spring. (Lycopodium apodum L.)
Wet springy banks, mcstly in pine barrens. Jackson;

Hattiesburg.
Geo. Surv. Herb.

Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA. Flowering and Seed-bearing
Plants.

Class GYIMNOSPERMAE. Cone-bearing Plants.
PINACEAE. Pine Family.
Pinus L, Pine.

Pinus taeda L. Loblolly, or Old Field Pine.

Mostly an upland tree throughout the state in light sandy
soils. Not common originally in the loess bluffs bordering
the Mississippi Delta, or in the Delta. As second growth
forms dense youn forests throughout the state.

Pinus hetrophylla, (Ell.) Sudworth (P. Elliottii Englem.)

Cuban Pine.
Coast Counties. (Hilg. Rep.) Coastal Islands.
Wayne, Perry, Forrest, Lamar Counties.

Pinus palustris Mill. (P. australis Michx.) Long Leaf Pine.
Southern counties to the Coast; Coastal Islands. (Tracy.)

Lost Gap.

Pinus echinata Mill. (P. mitis Michx.) Short Leaf Yellow Pine.

Central Pine Belt. :
Allison Herbarium

Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine.

First bottoms of streams flowing into the Gulf. — Smith,
Wayne, Jones, Neshoba, Hinds, Pike, Amite, Forest and Han-

cock counties; Lauderdale.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Nor st FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 65

Pinus Virginiana Mill. (P. inops Ait.)
Northeastern highlands, Tishomingo Co.; Oktibbeha Co.
(Tracy.)
Geol. Surv. Herb.

TAXODIUM L. C. Rich. Bald Cypress.
Taxodium distichum (l.) L. C. Rich. (Cupressus disticha L.)
Throughout the state on river flood plains.

Taxodium distichum imbricaria. (Nutt.) Sudworth. (Cupres-
sus disticha imbricaria Nutt. )
Coastal Counties; Fontanbleau (R. M. Harper); Hurley;
Picayune.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

CHAMAECYPARIS. White Cedar.

Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S. P. (Cupressus thyoides L.)
Coastal pine region in sandy swamps. Picayune; Pearl
River Co.; Moss Point (Harper).

JUNIPERUS. Juniper.

Juniperus Virginiana L. Red Cedar.
Throughout the state. Coastal Islands.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Juiperus Barbadensis L. (J. Virginiana australis Carr.)
Sparingly along the Gulf Coast.

Class ANGIOSPERMAE. True Flowering Plants.
Sub-class MONOCOTYLEDONES.
Family TYPHACEAE.
Typha L. Cat-Tail

Typha latifolia L.
Marshes throughout the state.—June.

Typha angustifolia L.

Marshes near the Coast and Coastal Islands.—June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

66 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

SPARGANIACEAE. Bur-reed Family.
SPARGANIUM. Bur-reed. -

Sparganium androchladum (Engelm.) Morong (S. simplex
androchladum Engelm.)
Shallow ponds and marshes. Oxford; Iuka.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

NAIADACEAE. Pond Weed Family.
Potamogeton L. Several undetermined species.
RUPPIA L. Ditch grass.

Ruppia maritima L.
Brackish pools along the Coast and Coastal Islands
(Tracy). June.

SCHEUCHZERIACEAE. Arrow-Grass Family.
TRIGLOCHIN. Arrow-grass.

Triglochin striata Ruiz & Pav.
Marshes along the Coast and Coastal Islands. (Tracy).

June and July.
ALISMACEAE,. Water-Plantain Family.
ALISMA L. Water Plantain

Alisma plantago aquatica L.
Marshes throughout the state.

ECHINODORUS Engelm.

Echinodorus radicans, (Nutt.) Engelm. (Sagittaria radicans
Nutt. ) :
Marshes in Coastal Counties, mostly; Tunica. May-July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

SAGITTARIA L. Arrowhead.

Sagittaria latifolia Willd. (S. variabilis Engelm.)
Marshes throughout the State. Jackson; Lumberton. Sep-

tember.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 67

Sagittaria lancifolia L.

Marshes near the coast; Picayune; Petit Bois Island.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Sagittaria lancifolia falcata (Pursh.) J. G. Smith, (S. Falcata
Pursh. )
Marshes along the Coast; Hancock Co. (A. Allison), July.
Geol. Sury. Herb.
Sagittaria graminea, Michx.

Ponds and marshes. Chunky; Gulfport. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Sagittaria cycloptera (J. G. Smith) Mohr. (S. graminea ¢yclop-
tera, J. G. Smith).
Coast and Coastal Islands (Tracy). June.

Sagittaria platyphyl’a (Engelm.) J. G. Smith.
Ponds and ditches. Coast regions, and northward (Mohr).
June-September.

POACEAE. Grass Family
TRIPSACUM L. Spiked Gama Grass.
Tripsacum dactyloides lL.
Alone ditches. Yalobusha Co. (Hile. Ms.) Oxford; Stark-
ville; Rankin Co.; Wilkinson Co.; Biloxi. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb. and A. & M. College Herb.
ERIANTHUS, Michx. Plume Grass.

Erianthus alopecuroides L. (Ell.) (Andropogon alopecuroides
Ey)
In swampy lands. Marion Co. (Hlg. Ms.)

Erianthus Tracyi Nash.
Oktibbeha Co. (Tracy.)

Erianthus saccharoides Michx.
Marshes near the coast. Biloxi; Ocean Springs: Stark-
ville. (Tracy. )
A. & M. College Herb,

Erianthus tyrevibarbis Michx. (E. alopecucides brevarbis
Chapm. )

68 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Lawrence County (Hlg. Ms.); Jackson Co.; Starkville
(Tracy). September.
A. & M. College Herb.
Erianthus strictus Bald.
Margins of swamps. Coastal region; Harrison Co.; Coast-
al Islands (Tracy) ; Columbus.
A. & M. College Herb.
Erianthus Smallii Nash.
Eastern and Central Prairies. (Mohr.)

Erianthus tripsacoides,
Harrison Co. (Tracy).

Erianthus contortus E11.
Pine woods (Small.)

MANISURIS L.
Manisuris rugosa Chapm. (Rottboellia rugosa Chapm.)
Borders of swamps in coastal region (Tracy) September.
A. & M. College Herb.
Manisuris corrugata (Bald.) Mohr (Rottboellia corrupata
Bald.)
' Wet pine barrens near the coast. Ocean Springs. Aug.
A. & M. College Herb.

Manisuris corrugata areolata (Hackel) Mohr. (Rottboellia cor-
rugata areolata Hackel.)

Low pine barrens near the coast (Mohr.)

Manisuris cylindrica (Mchx.) Kuntze.
Eastern part of state. (Mohr.)

HACKELOCHLOA Kuntze.
Hachelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze (Manisuris granularis S.
W.) Adv.
Waste grounds. Newton. June.
A. & M. College Herb.
ANDROPOGON L.

Andropogon tener Kunth.

Dry sandy soil. Biloxi; Columbus (Tracy.) August.
A. & M. College Herb.

Nor tq FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 69

Andropogon glaucopsis Small.
Dry soil (Small).

Andropogon scoparius Michx.
Occurs over the state in thin sandy soil. Simpson Co.
(Hlg. Ms.) ; Oktibbeha and Harrison counties (Tracy).

Andropogon scoparius villosa.
Saltillo.
A. & M. College Herb.
Andropogon scoparius villosissimus Kearn.
Dry sandy soil (Small).

Andropogon scoparius flexile.
Coastal Counties and Islands (Tracy).

Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B.S. P. (Cinna glomerata
Walt.)
Damp pine barrens. Smith Co. (Hlg. Ms.); Oktibbeha
Co.; Coastal Islands (Tracy).

Andropogon macrourus viridis Michx.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.

Andropogon Virginicus L. (A. dissitiflorum Michx.)
Dry, sandy soil. Tishomingo Co. (A. Allison) ; Oktibbe-
ha and Harrison counties; Coastal Islands.
A. & M. College Herb.
Andropogon perangustatus Nash.
Dry soil (Small.)

Andropogon corymbosus (Chapm.) Nash (A. macrourus corym-
bosus Chapm. )
Wet pine barrens (Small). Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.

Andropogon camphyloracheus Nash.
Dry sandy soil. (Small. )

Andropogon Tennesseensis Scribn.
Dry soil (Small).

Andropogon Tracyi Nash.
Dry soil. Columbus (Tracy).

70 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVHY [ Bull.

Andropogon tetrastachyus Ell.
Starkville and Gulf Coast (Tracy). October.
A. & M. College Herb.
Andropogon Mohrii (Hackel)
Gulf Coast (Tracy). October.
A. & M. College Herb.
Andropogon maritimus (Small)
Gulf Coast and Islands (Tracy).

Andropogon Elliottii Chap.
Saltillo; Sessums; Jackson; Gulf Coast and Islands
(Tracy).
A. & M. College Herb.
Andropogon subtenuis Nash.
Sandy soil (Small).

Andropogon argyraeus Schult.
Southern pine belt Biloxi; Oxford. September.
A. & M. College Herb.
Andropogon provincialis Hackel.
Starkville; Ocean Springs.
A. & M. College Herb.
Andropogon sericeus.
pstarksville. Cultivated.
A. & M. College Herb.
Andropogon furcatus Muhl
Southern pine region (Hilg. Ms); Starkville; Oxford.
Geol. Surv. Herb. A. & M. College Herb.

CHYRSOPOGON Trin. Indian Grass

Chrysopogon avenaceus Michx.
Perhaps throughout the state; Biloxi (Tracy).

Chrysopogon serralatus
Starkville. Introduced.
A. & M. College Herb.
Chrysopogon Elliotti Mohr (Andropogon nutans Ell.)
Southern pine region; Covington Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ; Biloxi.
A. & M. College. Herb.
Chrysopogon nutans linneanus Doell. (A. nutans linneanum
Hackel).
Dry sandy soil (Small).

No. 2G) FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS {|

SORGHUM Pers.
Sorghum halapense (Ell.) Pers. (Holcus halapense Ell.) John-
son Grass.
(Int.) Over the state, chiefly in the prairies.

PASPALUM Ell.

Paspalum compressum Nees.__(P. platycaulon Poir.) Carpet
Grass.
Hinds and Oktibbeha counties; Crystal Springs; Lake;
Starkville; Ocean Springs; Cat Island.
A. & M. College Herb.

Paspalum paspalodes (Michx) Scribn. (P. digitaria Poir)
Coastal Islands (Tracy). May-June.

Paspalum mucronatum Muhl.

Columbus.
A. & M. College Herb.

Paspalum membranaceum Walt. (P. Walterianum Schult.)
Saltillo; Biloxi; Ocean Springs; Horn Island. Aug.-Sept.
A. & M. College Herb.
Paspalum conjugatum Bergius.
Chiefly in Southern counties; Starkville. June.
A. & M. College Herb.
Paspalum distichum L. Joint Grass.
Marshall, Oktibbeha and Hinds counties; Coastal Islands
(Tracy). June-August.

Paspalum ciliatifolium Michx.
Coastal Islands (Tracy.)

Paspalum ciliatifolium dasyphyllum (El].) Chapm. (P. dasy-
phyllum EIll.).
Pine barrens (Mohr). July-September.

Paspalum setaceum Michx.
Dry sandy soil; Coastal Islands (Traey).

Paspalum laeve Michx.
Distributed over the state; Starkville; Lake; Holmes Co.;
Martin; Biloxi. June-July.
A. & M. College Herb.

Tz MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Paspalum Muhlenbergii Nash.
Sandy fields (Small).

Paspalum praecox Walt. (P. lentiferum Lam.) 2
Starkville; Biloxi; Ocean Springs. May-June.
A. & M. College Herb.
Paspalum praecox Curtisianum (Steud.) Vasey; (P. Curtisia-
num Steud.)
Low pine barrens and Coastal Islands (Tracy). June.

Paspalum plicatulum Michx. (P. undulatum Poir.)
Starkville; Coastal regions and Islands (Tracy). June.
A. & M. College Herb.
Paspalum bifidum (A Bertol.) Nash (P. racemulosum Nutt.)
Starkville; Ocean Springs.
A. & M. College Herb.
Paspalum dilatatum Poir. (P. ovatum Nees).
Central and southern counties; Durant. June-August.
A. & M. College Herb.
Paspalum Floridanum Michx.
Smith Co. (Hilg. Ms.); Starkville; Lake; Biloxi; Ocean
Springs; Ship Island. June.
A. & M. College Herb.
Paspalum glabratum (Englm.) Mohr (P. Floridanum glabra-
tum Eng]m.).
Low pine barrens near the coast; Biloxi (Tracy).

Paspalum laeviglumis Scribn.
Moist soil. Summer and fall (Small).

Paspalum altissimum Le Conte.
Dry fields. Autumn (Small).

Paspalum boscianum Fluegge (P. purpurascens Eli.) Bull
Grass.
Starkville; Newton; Ocean Springs; Wilkinson and Har-
rison counties. August-October.
A. & M. College Herb.

Paspalum amplum Nash.
Wet soil. Summer (Small).

Paspalum taedum Nash.
Summer and fal] (Small).

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 73

Paspalum Kearneyi Nash.
Dry soil. Autumn (Small).

Paspalum larranagae Arechav.
Warren and Hinds counties.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ANTHAENANTIA Beauv.

Anthaenantia villosa (Michx.) Beauv. (Phalaris villosa Miehx.)
Sandy pine barrens; Biloxi (Tracy). August.

Anathaenantia rufa (Ell.) Benth. (Panicum rufus Kunth).
Low wet pine barrens. Biloxi (Tracy). June-July.

ERIOCHLOA. HBK.

Eriochloa annulata.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.
Eriochloa aristata.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.
Erichloa punctata (L.) Hamilt.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.

SYNTHERISMA Walt. Finger Grass.

Snytherisma filiforme (L.) Nash (Panicum filiforme L.) Slen-
der Crab Grass.
Starkville; Meridian; Biloxi; Coastal Islands. July-Oct.
A. & M. College Herb.
Syntherisma suatina.
Biloxi (Tracy).
Syntherisma barbatum (Willd.) Nash.
Sandy soil (Small).
Syntherisma linearis (Krock.) Nash. (Panicum lineare Krock)

Smooth Crab Grass.
Starkville; Biloxi (Tracy). September.
A. & M. College Herb.

74 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY { Bun.

Syntherisma serotinum Walt. (Digitaria serotina Michx.)

Hoary Crab Grass.
Low open ground. Ocean Springs; Horn Island. July-Oct.
A. & M. College Herb.

Syntherisma humifusus (Pers.) Rydb.
Coastal Islands (Tracy).

Syniherisma sanguinale (L.) Nash. (Panicum sanguinale L.)
Common Crab Grass.

Distributed over the state. Coast, and Islands (Tracy).
Geol. Sur. Herb. A. & M. College Herb.

Syntherisma fimbriatum (Link.) Nash. (Digitaria fimbriata
Link).
Biloxi and Coastal Islands (Tracy). August-Sept.
TRICHOLAENA Schrad.
Tricholaena insularis (L.) Griseb. (Andropogon insularis L.)
Starkville. July.
A. & M. College Herb.

ECHINOCHLOA Beauv.

Echinochloa colona (L.) Link.
Starkville; Vicksburg; Coastal Islands; Bay St. Louis.
July-September.
All. Herb. A. & M. College Herb.

PANICUM L.

Panicum Texanum Buck. Texas Millet.
Amite Co.
A. & M. College Herb.

Panicum stenodes Griseb. (Panicum anceps strictum Chapm.).
Coastal region (Mohr); Biloxi; Ocean Springs; Horn Is-
land.

A. & M. College Herb.

Panicum repens L. (P. arenarium Brot.). Creeping Panicum.
Coastal regions and Islands (Tracy). July-September.
A. & M. College Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

~
on

Panicum littorale Mohr. (P. repens confertum Vasey).
Coast and Coast Islands (Tracy).
Panicum melicarium Michx. (P. hians Ell.) Gaping Panicum.
Jackson; Lake; Enterprise; Coastal Islands (Tracy). June
A. & M. College Herb.
Panicum depauperatum Muhl. Impoverished Panicum.
Attala Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ; Tishomingo Co.; Coast Islands.
All. Herb. A. & M. College Herb,
Panicum neuranthum Griseb. Nerved Panicum.
Lake; Ocean Springs. June.
A. & M. Colleve Herb.

Panicum angustifolium Ell. (P. sanguineum Wats.).
Biloxi and Coastal Islands. May.
A. & M. College Herb.

Panicum arenicola Ashe.
Southern pine region. Dry soil. (Small). May-June.

Panicum brachyanthum Steud.
Wet soil (Small). Autumn.

Panicum polycaulon Nash.
Low pine lands. Summer.

Panicum curtivaginum Ashe.
Sandy soil (Small). Spring and summer.

Panicum laxiflorum Lam. Loose-flowered Panicum.
Holmes Co.; Starkville; Crystal Springs; Grenada; Lake;
Biloxi; Ocean Springs. July.
A. & M. College Herb.

Panicum consanguineum Kunth (P. villosum EIl.).
Jackson. Mareh-July.
A. & M. College Herb.

Panicum pyriforme Nash.
Damp sandy soil (Mohr). March.
Panicum ciliatum Ell. (P. ciliatifolium Kunth).
Sandy soil. Starkville. Summer.
A. & M. College Herb.

76 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Panicum liliiferum Nash.
Ocean Spring (Tracy).

Panicum albomarginatum Nash.
Sphagnum bogs near the coast. June.

Panicum ensifolium Baldw. (P. nitidum ensifolium (Baldw)
Chapm. )
Panicum trifolium Nash.

Sandy soil (Small). Spring and summer.

Panicum lucidum Ashe.
Wet shaded places (Small). May.

Panicum curtifolium Nash.
Sandy soil Type locality Ocean Springs (Tracy). July.

Panicum paucipilum Nash.
Wet soil (Small). Summer.

Panicum parvispiculum Nash.
Dry open woods (Small). April and May.

Panicum Nashianum Scribn. Nash’s Panie Grass.
Avondale; Biloxi; Coastal Island (Tracey). Sprive.
A. & M. College Herb.

Panicum neonanthemum (perhaps P. neuranthum Griseb.).
Biloxi (Tracy).
Panicum Roanokensis Ashe.

Dry woods near the coast (Mohr). April-May.

Panicum dichotomum lL. Forked Panicum.
Starkville; Durant; Meridian; Crystal Springs; Leake Co.;
Lake; Biloxi; Poplarville; Ocean Springs. June.
A. & M. College Herb.
Panicum nitidum Lam.
Starkville; Crystal Springs; Biloxi; Horn Island.
A. & M. College Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 77

Panicum barbulatum Michx. (P. nitidum barbulatum Chapm.).
Bearded Panicum.

Open damp woods. Starkville; Morton; Wilkinson and
Harrison counties.
Geol. Surv. Herb. A. & M. C. Herb.
Panicum Wrightianum Seribn.
Sandy soil (Small). Summer and fall.
Panicum pubescens Lam. Hairy Panicum. Ocean Springs
(Tracy); Grenada. May.
Panicum lanuginosum Ell. Woolly-stemmed Panicum.
Biloxi. April-May.
A. & M. College Herb.
Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell. Round-fruited Panicum.
Oxford; Starkville; Holmes County; Crystal Springs;
Lake; Ocean Springs; Gulfport.
Geol. Surv. Herb. A. & M. College Herb:

Panicum polyanthes Schult. (P. microcarpon Muhl.) Small-
fruited Panicum.
North Mississippi (Hilg. Ms.) ; Saltillo (Tracy). May.
A. & M. College Herb.

Panicum scoparium Lam. (P. scoparium major Vasey).
Over the state in shady banks. Starkville; Coastai Islands
(Tracy).
A. & M. College Herb.
Panicum oligosanthes Schult. (P. pauciflorum Ell.)
Damp, light soil. Starkville; Madison; Ocean Springs;
Horn Island. May-June.
A. & M. College Herb.

Panicum viscidum Ell. (P. scoparium Michx.).
Madison Co. (Hilg. Ms.) July-August.
A. & M. College Herb.

Panicum halophilum Nash.
Coast and Coastal Islands (Tracy). Spring and fall.

78 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Panicum scabriusculum Ell.
Ocean Springs. April-May.
A. & M. College Herb.
Panicum commutatum Schult.
Tishomingo Co.; Morton; Starkville; Biloxi; Ocean
Springs. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb. A. & M. College Herb.
Panicum Joorii Vasey.

Damp woods. August-September.

Panicum latifolium L. (P. Walteri Poir.).
Starkville; Coastal Islands (Tracy). June-September.
A. & M. Colicge Herb

Panicum publifolium Nash. (P. latifolium Molle Vasey).
Rocky woods (Small). Summer.

Panicum Ashei G. Pearson.

Tishomingo Co.
Ali. Herb.

Panicum clandestinum L.
Durant; Madison Co. (Hilg. Ms.).
A. & M. College Herb.

Panicum xalopense HBK.
Open damp woods. Morton. April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Panicum capillare L.
Starkville; Lake,
A. & M. College Herb.

Panicum flexile Scribn. Wiry Panic Grass.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.

Panicum ciliosum Nash.
Dry soil (Small). Summer and fall.

Panicum inflatum Scribn. & Smith.
Sandy soil (Small.) Autumn.

No. \17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

Panicum erectifolium Nash.
Wet soil (Small). Spring and summer.

Panicum proliferum Lam.
Perhaps over the state. Starkville; Biloxi.
A. & M. College Herb

Panicum Atlanticum Nash.
Dry soil (Small).

Panicum mutabile Smith.
Sandy soil (Small). Summer and fall.

Panicum cognatum Schult. Autumnal Panic Grass.
Northeastern prairies; Starkville. August-September.
A. & M. College Herb

Panicum verrucosum Muhl. Warty Panic Grass.
Starkville; Meridian; Biloxi.
A. & M. College Herb.

Panicum rostratum Muhl. Beaked Panicum.
Biloxi; Coastal Islands (Tracy).

Panicum amarum Ell. Seaside Panie Grass.
Coastal Islands (Tracy).

Panicum anceps Michx.
Durant; Martin (Tracy).

Panicum longifolium Torr.
Biloxi (Tracy). ~July-Oct.

Panicum elongatum ramosior (Pursh., Mohr.
Damp, cutivated ground (Mohr).

Panicum agrostoides Muhl.
Starkville; Biloxi (Tracy). July-August.
A. & M. College Herb.

Panicum virgatum lL. Switch Panic Grass.
Starkville; Tupelo; Columbus; Biloxi; Coastal Is!ands

Panicum crus-galli L. Barnyard Grass; Cockspur Grass.
Over the state. Martin; Horn Is.
A. & M. College Herb.

80 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Panicum stipitatum Nash.
Howells Springs; Lafayette Co. September.
~ Geol. Surv. Herb
Panicum Walteri Pursh.
Lawrence Co. (Hilg. Ms.); Cat Island (Tracy). July.
Panicum gibbum Ell. (P. Elliottianum Schult.). Purple Pani-
cum.
Starkville; Ocean Springs; Leake Co.; Coastal Islands
(Tracy). July-September.
A. & M. College Herb.
Panicum sphagnicola Nash.
Ocean Springs; Avondale (Tracy).
OPLISMENUS Beauv.

Oplismenus setarius (Lam.) Roe & Schult. (Panicum setarium
Lam.).

Warren County; Ocean Springs. July-September.
Geol. Surv. Herb. A. & M. College Herb.
CHAETOCHLOA Sceribn.
Cheateochloa glauca (Setaria glauca Beauv.) Pigeon Grass.
Holmes Co.; Lake; Starkville. July-October.
A. & M. College Herb.
Chaetochloa glauca perennis Coit.
Cat Island.
A. & M. College Herb.
Chaetochloa glauca imberbis Chapm. :
Artesia; Biloxi.
A. & M. College Herb.
Chaetochloa glauca laevigatum Ill.
Horn Island.
Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scribn. Green Foxtail.

Throughout the state. Lafayette and Warren counties.
June-September.

A. & M. College Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS $1

Chaetochloa magna (Griseb.) Seribn. (Setaria magna Griseb.).
Large Swamp Millet.
Coastal Islands and Gulf Coast (Tracy). July.
Chaetochloa compesita (H.B.K.) Seribn.
Wilkinson Co.
A. & M. College Herb.
CENCHRUS L. Sandbur.
Cenchrus tribuloides L. Common Sandbur.
Oxford; Coastal plains and Islands (Tracy). July-Oct.
A. & M. College Herb.
Cenchrus macrocephalus Scribn. Large Sandbur.
Coast and Islands. July-October.
A. & M. College Herb.
Cenchrus incertus \i. A. Curtis. Southern Sandbur.
Coast and Coastal Islands. July-October.
A. & M. College Herb.
PENICILLARIA Beauv.
Penicillaria spicata (L.) Willd.

Waste places. Summer and fall (Small).
STENOTAPHRUM Trin. St. Augustine Grass.
Stenotaphrum secundatum ( Walt.) Kuntze. (Ischaemum secun-

datum Walt.).
Starkville and Coastal Islands (Tracey). June.
A. & M. College Herb.
HYDROCHLOA Beauv.
Hydrochloa fluitans (Michx.) Nash (Zizania fluitans Michx.).
Coastal pine regions (Mohr).

LUZIOLA Juss.

Luziola Alabamensis Chapm.
Wet soil. Poplarville. Summer and fall.

A. & M. College Herb.

82 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [ Bull.

ZIZANIOPSIS Doell. and Aschers.
Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) D. & A. (Zizania miliacea Michx.)
Water Millet.
Coastal regions; Ocean Springs. June-July.
A. & I. College Herb.

HOMALOCENCHRUS Mieg.

Homalocenchrus Virginicus (Willd.) Britton. White Grass.
Starkville; Holmes Co. September.
A. & M. College Herb.
Homalocerchrvs lenticularis (Michx.) Serbn. Catch-fly Grass.
Marshes, Westfield (Tracy).
Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Pollich. Rice Cutgrass.
Marshes. Throughout the state. Oxford; Columbus;
Starkville. July-September. 7
Geol. Surv. Herb. A. & M. College Herb.
PHALARIS L.
Phalaris canariensis L. Canary Grass.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.

Phalaris Caroliniana Walt. (P. Americana Ell.) Southern
Canary Grass.
Prairies to the Coast; Madison Co. June.
A. & M. College Herb.

ARISTIDA L.

Aristida dichotoma Michx. Poverty Grass.

Holly Springs; Columbus; Artesia; Coast and Coastal

Islands, August-September.
A. & M. College Herb.

Aristida purpurascens glaucissima.

Handsboro (Tracy).
Aristida oligantha Michx.

Dry soil. Lafayette Co.; Tippah Co. Summer and fall.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] . FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 83

Aristida gracilis Ell. Slender Aristida.
Starkville; Durant; Pascagoula; Horn Island. July.
A. & M. College Herb.

Aristida intermedia Scribn. & Ball.

Sandy soil. Summer and fall (Small.
Aristida Chapmaniana Nash.

Dry sandy soil. Fall (Small).
Aristida stricta Michx. Wire Grass.

Starkville (Tracy); Coastal region (Hilg. Ms.).
Aristida spiciformis Ell. Spike-flowered Aristida.

Coast and Coastal Islands (Tracy); Mississippi City. Au-

gust-September.
Geol. Surv. Herb

Aristida purpurascens Poir.

Biloxi; Coastal Islands (Tracy). August-September.
Aristida lanata Poir. (A. lanosa Muhl.) Woolly Aristida.

Coastal Islands (Tracy). August-October.

ANTHOXANTHUM L.

Anthoxanthum puelli.
Starkville (Tracy).

STIPA, > hh.

Stipa avenacea L. (Stipa barbata Michx.). Black Oat Grass.
Columbus; Biloxi; Ocean Springs. April-May.
A. & M. College Herb.

MUHLENBERGIA Screb. Drop-Seed.

Muhlenbergia trichopodes (Ell.) Elliott’s Hair Grass.
Biloxi and Coastal region. Fall.
A. & M. College Herb.
Muhlenbergia filipes Curtis.
Sandy soil near the Coast. Fall (Small).

Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin.

Columbus; Biloxi.
A. & M. College Herb

S4 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [ Bull.

Muhlenbergia diffusa Schreb. Nimble Will.
Starkville; Holly Springs; Durant; Biloxi.
A. & M. College Herb.

BRACHYELYTRUM Beauv.

Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv. (Muhlenbergia eree-
ta Schreb.).
Rich moist soil (Mohr).

PHLEUM UL.

Phleum pratense L.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.

ALOPECURUS L.

Alopecurus geniculatus L. (A. aristulatus Michx.) Water Fox-
tail.
Starkville (Tracy); Oxford. May.
Alopecurus agrestis L.
Waste places. Summer. (Small.)

SPOROBOLUS R.Br. Drop-Seed Grass.
Sporobulus Indicus (L.) R. Br. Smut Grass.
Starkville; Coastal Islands (Tracy). July-September.
A. & M. College Herb.
Sporobolus junceus (Michx.) Kunth. Purple Drop-Seed Grass.
Columbus; Meridian; Black Hawk; Ocean Springs; Coastal

Islands. September-October.
A. & M. College Herb
Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb

Sporobolus Virginicus (L.) Kunth.
Coastal Islands (Tracy).

Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth. Rough Rush Grass.
Holly Springs; Starkville; Columbus; Lake; Coastal Re
gion. September-October.
A. & M. College Herb

Nox 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 85

Sporobolus attenuatus Nash.
Dry soil (Small). Autumn.

Sporobolus longifolius (Torr.) Wood.
Pine barrens near the coast (Mohr). October.

Sporobolus canovirens Nash.
Dry sandy soil (Small). Summer and fall.

Sporobolus minor Vasey.
Holly Springs. September-October.
A. & M. College Herb.

Sporobolus vaginaeflorus tener Vasey. Sheathed Rush Grass.
Starkville; Horn Island. October.
A. & M. College Herb.

POLYPOGON Desf.

Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. (Alopecurus monspelien-
sis L.). French Beard Grass.

Starkville. June-July.
A. & M. College Herb.

CINNA L.

Cinna arundinacea L. Wood Reed Grass.

Leake Co. June.
A. & M. College Herb.

CASTRIDIUM Beauv.

Gastridium australe Beauv.

Madison Station.
A. & M. College Herb.

AGROTIS L.

Agrostis alba L. (Agrostis alba stolonifera Seribn.). White

Bent Grass.

Starkville. April-May.
A. & M. College Herb.

86 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [ Bull.

Agrostis vulgaris (A. alba vulgaris (With) Thurber.)
Holmes Co.; Crystal Springs.
A: & M. College Herb.
Agrostis Elliottiana Schult (A. arachnoides Ell.) Elliott’s
Bent Grass. Eastern Counties. May.
Agrostis hiemalis (Walt.) B. S. P. (A. seabra Willd.) Rough
Hair Grass.
Starkville; Biloxi; Ocean Springs.
A. & M. College Herb.
Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm. (Cornucopiae pernnans
Walt). Black Hawk; Starkville; Biloxi. October.
A. & M. College Herb.
Agrostis intermedia Scribn. Up!and Bent Grass.
Coastal regions; Biloxi. September-October.
A. & M. College Herb.

Agrostis pulchella (Cult.)
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.
‘Agrostis nebulosa (Cult.).
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.
Agrostis minutifolia.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.

HOLCUS L.

Holcus lanatus L. Velvet Grass.
Yalobusha and Carroll Counties (Hilg. Ms.); Starkville
(Tracy). May.
A. & M. College Herb.
Holcus halepensis L.
Oxford. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 87
AIRA L.

Aira capillaris Host.

Oxford; Ripley. June-July.
Geol. Sury. Herb.

TRISETUM Pers.

Trisetum flavescens (L.) R. & S.
Waste places (Small). Summer.

ARRHENATHERUM Beauv.

Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. (Avena elatior L.) Tall
Oat Grass.
Starkville (Tracy).

DANTHONIA DC.

Danthonia sericea Nutt. (Avena spicata Ell.). Silky Wild Oat
Grass.
Damp, open woods. Columbus; Morton; Ocean Springs.
Geol. Surv. Herb. A. & M. College Herb.

CAPRIOLA Adans.

Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze; (Cynodon dactylon Pers.).
Bermuda Grass.
Throughout the state. Newton; Starkville; Cat Island.
A. & M. College Herb

Capriola dactylon maritimus,
Biloxi; Coastal Islands (Tracy).
A. & M. College Herb.
SPARTINA Schreb. Marsh Grass.

Spartine, gracilis Trin.
Biloxi (Tracy).

88 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.
Spartina polystachya (Michx.) Ell. (Trachynotia polystacha
Michx. )
Coastal Islands (Tracy). July.

Spartina uncea Ell. (S. patens (Ait) Muhl.) Salt Reed Grass.
Coastal Islands (Tracy). July-August.

CAMPULOSUS Desd.
Camuplosus aromaticus (Walt.) Scribn. (Ctenium American-

um Spreng). . Toothache Grass.

Damp sandy soil. Forrest, Jones Cos. (Harper). lLumber-
ton, Biloxi. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb. A. & M. College Herb.

CHLORIS Sw.

Chloris barbata (L.) Nash.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.
Chloris Swartziana Doell. (Chloris petraea Sw.).
Starkville; Coast and Coastal Islands.
A. & M. College Herb.
GYMNOPOGON Beauv.
Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) B. S. P. (Andropogon am-
biguus Michx.).
Starkville. July.
A. & M. College Herb.

Gymnopogon brevifolius Trin. (G. racemosus filiformis
Chapm.).

Starkville. Summer and fall.
A. & M. College Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 89

SCHEDONNARDUS Steud.
Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trelease.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.

BOUTELOUA Lag.

Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. (Chloris curtipendula
Michx.). Grama Grass.

Prairie regions northeast. Starkville. July-August.
ELEUSINE Gaert.

Eleusine Indica (l.) Gaert. Barnyard Grass. (Cynosurus In-
dicus L.).
Oxford; Starkville; Newton; Warren Co.; Ocean Springs.
June-September.
Geol. Surv. Herb. A. & M. Collebe Herb.

Fleusine aegyptia Pers.
Starkville; Meridian.
A. & M. College Herb.

LEPTOCHLOA Beauv.

Leptochloa mucronata (Michx.) Kunth. (Eleusine mucronata
Michx.). Feather Grass. June.
A. & M. College Herb.

Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) Beauv.
Lafayette Co.; Warren Co. August-September.
Geol. Surv. Herb

DIPLACHNE Beauv.

Diplachne fascicularis (Lam.) Beauv. (Festuca fasicularis
Lam.). Many-Spiked Diplachne.
Coastal Islands. June.
A. & M. College Herb.

PHRAGMITES Trin.

Phragmites phragmites (L.) Karst. (Phragmites communis
Trin.). Reed.

90 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Lafayette Co.; Coastal Islands (Tracy). August October.
SIEGLINGIA Bernh.

Sieglingia purpirea (Walt.) Kuntze (Triplaris purpurea
Chapm.). Sand Crass.

Coastal Islands (Tracy). July-September.
Sieglingia Americana (Beauv.) Kuntze (Triplaris Americana

Beauv.). Southern Sand Grass.
Coastal Islands (Tracy). July-September.

Sieglingia Drummondii Scribn. & Kern.
Dry soil (Small). Autumn.

Sieglingia stricta (Nutt.) Kuntze (Windsoria stricta Nutt.).
Narrow-spiked Sieglingia.
Moist prairie soil. Starkville. July.
A. & M. College Herb.

Seiglingia ambigua (Ell.) Kuntze (Tricuspis ambigua Chapm.).
Round-Spiked Sieglingia.
Along the coast (Tracy). July-August.
Sieglingia sesleroides (Michx.) Scribn. False Red Top.

Perhaps throughout the state. Starkville. July.
A. & M. College Herb

KOELEREA Pers.

Koelerea cristata (L.) Pers. (Aira erista L.).
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.

ETONIA Raf.

Etonia obtusata (Michx.) Gray (Aira obtusata Michx.). Early
Etonia.

Starkville; Biloxi; Ocean Springs. April-May.
A. & M. College Herb

Etonia Pennsylvanica (DC) Gray.
Starkville; Ocean Springs.
A. & M. College Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS aE

Eatonia filiformis (Chapm.) Vasey (E. Pennsylvanica filifor-
mis Chapm.). Slender Etonia.
Pine barrens. Biloxi. March-April.
A. & M.-College Herb.
Eatonia nitida (Spreng.) Nash (Aira nitida Spreng.). Slender
Glossy Etonia.
Starkville; Columbus. June.
A. & M. College Herb.
ERAGROSTIS Beauv.
‘-aorostis hypnoides (Lam.) B. S. P. (Poa hypnoides Lam. :
Creeping Meadow Grass.
Starkville; Jackson; Leake Co.; Coastal Region (Tracy) ;
Simpson Co. (Hilg. Ms.).
A. & M. College Herb.

Eragrostis Elliottii S. Wats. (EB. nitida EI.)
Ocean Springs; Pascagoula; Horn Island; Cat Island.
A. & M. College Herb.
Eragrostis major (L.) Host (Briza eragrostis L.), Candy Grass.
A. & M. College Herb.
Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. (Poa pilosa L.). Slender Mead-
ow Grass.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.
Eragostis secundifiora Presl. (Poa interrupta Nutt.). Purple
Love Grass.

Starkville; Coastal region and islands. July.
A. & M. College Herb.

Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. (Poa pectinata Michx.).
Starkville; Holmes Co.; Biloxi; Ship Island. July.
A. & M. College Herb.
Eragrostis refracta (Muhl.) Seribn. (Poa refracta Muht.).
Starkville; Ocean Springs; Biloxi. September.
A. & M. College Herb.

92 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Eragrostis Frankii Steud.
Moist soil. Starkville. Fall.
A. & M. College Herb.

Eragrostis lugens Nees.
Dry soil near coast. Spring and summer.
Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) Link (Poa ciliaris L.). Fringed Eragros-
tis.
Waste places. Starkville; Meridian; Coastal region. Sep-

tember.
A. & M. College Herb.

Eragrostis glomerata (Walt.) Dewey (Poa glomerata Walt.).
Jefferson Co.; Starkville. July-August.
A. & M. College Herb.

Eragrostis hirsuta (Michx.) Nash.
Ocean Springs; Coastal Islands. September.

A. & M. College Herb.

MELICA UL.

Melica mutica Walt. (M. glabra Michx.). Honey Grass.
Damp, rich soil. Jackson; Starkville; Biloxi. April. -
Geol. Surv. Herb. A. & M. College Herb

UNIOLA’ -L.
Uniola paniculata L. (U. maritima Michx.) Sea Oats.
Littoral in drifting sands. Gulf Coast and Coastal Islands.

July-August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Uniola latifiora (Michx.) Broad-leaf Spike Grass.

Damp. shaded creek banks. Rankin and Madison Coun-
ties (Hilg. Ms.); Tishomingo, Jones and Leake Counties;
Starkville; Taylor. June-July.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb. A. & M. College Herb.
Uniola laxa (l.) B.S. P. (U. gracilis Michx.). Slender Spike
Grass.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 93

Damp, open woodlands. Oxford; Starkville; Jackson;
Crystal Springs; Martin; Ocean Springs. July-September.
Geol. Surv. Herb. <A. & M. College Herb.

Uniola longifolia Scribn. Long-leaf Spike Grass.
Shady wet creek banks. Biloxi; Coastal Islands; Grenada
County. July.
A. & M. College Herb.

Uniola nitida Baldw. Smooth Spike Grass.
Sandy creek banks. Biloxi; Ocean Springs.

A. & M. College Herb.
DISTICHLIS Raf.

Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene (Uniola spicata L.) Marsh
Spike Grass.
Littoral. Ocean Springs; Deer Island, and Coastal Islands.

A. & M. College Herb.
DACTYLIS L. Orchard Grass.

Dactylis glomerata L.
Fields and waste places. Starkville (Tracy).

POA L. Meadow Grass.

Poa laevis.
Starkville.

Poa arachnifera Torr.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.

Poa sylvestris A. Gray.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.

Poa annua L. Spear Grass.
Widely distributed in the state. Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.

Poa Chapmaniana Scribn. (P. cristata Chapm.). Chapman’s

Spear Grass.
Starkville. May-June.

A. & M. College Herb

94 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY { Bull.

Poa compressa L. English Blue Grass.
Northern parts of the state. Dry sandy loam soils.

A. & M. College Herb.

Poa pratensis L. June Grass. Kentucky Blue Grass.
(Cultivated chiefly). Limey soils. Starkville (Tracy).
June.

Poa autumnalis Muhl. (P. flexuosa Muhl.). Bending Spear
Grass.
Northern counties (Hilg. Ms.); Starkville. May.
A. & M. College Herb.

PANICULARIA Fabr.

Panicularia Americana (Torr.) McM. (Poa acquatica Ameri-
eana Torr.)
Starkville.

A. & M. College Herb.

GLYCERIA R.Br.
Glyceria nervata Trin. (Poa nervata Willd.)
FESTUCA -L.
Festuca nutans Willd. Nodding Fescue Grass.

Tishomingo Co.; Oktibehha Co.
Allison Herb. A. & M. College Herb.

Festuca capillata Lam.
Waste places (Small). Summer and fall.

Festuca obtusa Spreng.
Woods and thickets (Small). Summer.

Festuca Shortii Kunth.
Tippah Co.; Madison Co. , July.
Geol. Surv. Herb. A. & M. College Herb.
Festuca octoflora Walt.
Dry, light soil. Tishomingo Co.; Starkville; Holly
Springs; Ocean Springs. March-April.
Allison Herb. A. & M. College Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS we

BROMUS. L.

Bromus ciliatus L. (B. pubescens Muhl.). Wood Chess.
St. Anthony Park.
A. & M. College Herb.
Bromus madritensis (Cult.)
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.

Bromus racemosus L. Erect Chess.
Throughout the state. Starkville; Madison Co. May-
June.

Bromus tectorum L.
Waste places. Spring and Summer (Small).
A. & M. Colleg2 Herb.
Bromus secalinus I. Cheat or Chess.
A weed throughout the state. Starkville (Tracy); Madi-
son.
A. & M. College Herb.
Bromus commutatus Schrad.
Lafayette Co. June-July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Bromus unioloides (Willd.) H. B. K. (Festuca unioloides
Willd.)

Over north half of the state. Oxford; Starkville. May-
June.
Geol. Surv. Herb. A. & M. College Herb.

LOLIUM UL.

Lolium Italicum A.Br.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb

Lolium perenne L. Perennial Ray Grass.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb.
Lolium temulentum LL. Poison Darnel.
Starkville.
A. & M. College Herb

96 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.
ELYMUS L.

Elymus Virginicus L. (Elymus Carolinianus Walt.). Terrell
Grass.
Starkville; Coastal Islands (Tracy); Oxford (Lowe); Wi-
nona (T. L. Bailey).
Elymus Virginicus Australis (Scribn. & Ball.). Hitchcock.
Oxford. .
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Elymus striatus Willd. Wild Rye.
Carroll Co. (Hilg. Ms.). May-June.
Elymus Canadensis L.
Madison Co. (Hilg. Ms.) Starkville Ocean Springs (Tracy>.
July.

ARUNDINARIA Michx. Cane Reed.
Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Chapm. (Arundo gigantea
Walt.). Cane.
River bottoms, especially abundant in the loess biuffs and

the Mississippi Delta. May-June.

Arundinaria tecta (Walt.) Muhl. (Arundinaria macrosperma
suffruticosa Munro). Switch Cane Reed.
Geol. Surv. Herb

Distributed over the state along streams. Okolona; Jack.
son. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

CYPERACEAE. Sedge Family.
CYPERUS L.

Cyperus ferax Vahl. Coastal Islands (Tracy).
Operus diandrus Torr. Low Cyperus.
Oxford. August.

Cyperus flavescens L. Yellowish Cyperus.
Lafayette Co. July-August.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 97

Cyperus Nuttallii Eddy. Nuttall’s Cyperus.
Salt marshes along the coast (Small). August-Octover.
Cyperus microdontus Torr. (C. Texensis Steud.). Coast Cy-
perus.

Biloxi (Tracy). July-September.

Cyperus compressus L. Flat Cyperus.
Simpson Co. (Hilg. Ms.). Along the coast (Tracy). July-
August.
Cyperus vegetus Willd. Thrifty Cyperus.
Carroll Co. (Hilg. Ms.). July-August.
Cyperus virens Michx. Green Cyperus.
Coast and Coastal Islands (Tracy). June.

Cyperus haspan L. (C. gracilis Muhl.). Sheathed Cyperus.

Coast and Coastal region and Islands (Tracy). August-
October.

Cyperus multiradiatus (Torr.) Mohr (C. Le Conti Torr.). Le
Conte’s Cyperus.
Drifting sands along the Coast and Islands (Tracy). June
July.

Cyperus articulatus L. Guinea Rush.
Coastal region and Islands (Tracy).

Cyperus rotundus L. (C. hydra Michx.). Nut Grass.
‘More or less over the state, especially abundant in parts
of the Mississippi Delta. Lafayette, Warren and Hinds Coun-

ties.
Geol. Sury. Herb.

Cyperus strigosus L.
Starkville, west side (Tracy). July-September.

Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. (C. tenuiflorus Ell.). Red-Rooted
Cyperus.

Swamps along the coast, and Islands (Tracy). August-
September.

98 MiSSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Cyperus cylindricus (Ell.) Britton. (Mariseus cylindricus Ell.).
Pine Barren Cyperus.
Starkville; Coastal region and Islands (Tracy). June-
August.

Cyperus retrofactus (L.) Torr. (Scirpus retrofactus).
Dry upland pastures and fields. Liberty; Lafayette Co.;

Jasper Co.; Rankin Co. Fall.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Cyperus filiculmis Vahl. (C. mariscoides Ell.).
Dry sandy soil, chiefiy southern counties. Lafayette Co.

July-August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Cyperus echinatus (Ell.) Wood. (C. Baldwinii Torr.).

Marion Co. (Hilg. Ms.). Coastal region (Tracy). Sept.-
October.

KYLLINGA Rottb.

Kyllinga pumila Michx. Low Kyllinga.
Leake Co. (Hilg. Ms.); Biloxi. August-September.

Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. (K. monocephala L.). Short-Leaved
Kyllinga.
Durant. October-November.
A. & M. College Herb.

Kyllinga odorata Vahl. (K. sesquiflora Torr.) Fragrant Kyl-
linga.
Wet soil. Pascagoula. July-August. ;
A. & M. College Herb.

DULICHIUM Pers.

Dilichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton. (D. spathaceum Pers.).
More or less throughout the state. Oxford. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ELEOCHARIS R.Br. Spike Rush.

Eleocharis albida Torr.

Horn Island.
A. & M. College Herb

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 99

Eleocharis cellulosa Torr. (Scirpus dictyopermus Wright).
Cellular Spike Rush.
Coastal regions; Ocean Springs; Horn Island. July-Sepr.
A. & M. College Herb.
Eleocharis ochreata Nees) Steud. (Eleogenus ochreatus Nees).
Pale Spike Rush.
Wet soil, in the Coastal regions; Ocean Springs
A. & M. College Herb

Eleocharis olivacea Torr. DBright-Green Spike Rush.
, Ocean Springs. June-July.
A. & M. College Herb.
Eleocharis ovata (Roth.) Roem. & Schult. (E. obtusa Sehult.).
Ovoid Spike Rush.
Yalobusha Co. (Hilg. Ms.). June-July.

Eleocharis tortilis (Link.) Schult. (Seripus tortilis Link).
Coastal region. Biloxi. June-August.
A. & M. College Herb.

Eleocharis tuberculosa (Michx.) Roem. & Schult. (Scirpus tu-
berculosa Michx.).
Central Mississippi (Hilg. Ms.); Biloxi; Ocean Springs.
July-September.
A. & M. College Herb.
Eleocharis microcarpa Torr. Small-fruited Spike Rush.
Biloxi. July.
A. & M. College Herb.

DICHROMENA Michx.

Dichromena colorata (L.) A. S. Hitche. (D. leucocephala
Michx.).

Coastal region. Horn Island; Petit Bois Is. July-August.
Geol. Surv. Herb. A. & M. College Herb.

Dichromena latifolia Baldw.
Biloxi; Picayune; Forrest Co. (Harper). July-August.

100 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

PSILOCARIA Michx.

Psilocaria corymbiformis Benth.
Horn Island.
A. & M. College Herb.

FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl.

Fimbristylis castanea Michx.) Vahl.
Coastal Islands (Tracy).

Fimbristylis spadicea (l..) Vahl. (Scirpus spadiceus L.). Brown
Club Rush.
Littoral. Coastal Islands; Dog Key. July-September.
A. & M. College Herb.

Fimbristylis laxa Vahl.
Biloxi; Coastal Islands.
A. & M. College Herb.

Fimbristylis puberula (Michx. Vahl. (Fimbristylis spadicea
puberula Chapm.).
Along the coast (Mohr). April-July.
Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult. (Scirpus au-
tumnalis L.).
Holly Springs; Carrollton; Black Hawk; Ocean Springs;

Horn Island. August-September.
Geol. Surv. Herb. A. & M. College Herb.

STENOPHYLLUS Raf.

Stenophyllus ciliatifolius (Ell.) Mohr. (Isolepis ciliatifolia
Torr.).
Horn Island. September-October.
A. & M. College Herb.

SCIRPUS L. Club Rush.

Scirpus carinatus (Hooker & Arn.) Gray (Isolepis carnata
Hook. & Arn.).

Coastal Counties (Mohr).

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 101

Scirpus Americanus Pers. (S. pungens Vahl.).
Lafayette Co. (Lowe); Coastal Islands (Tracy). July-Sep-
tember.
Scirpus cylindricus (Torr.) Britton (S. maritimus eylindricus
‘Porr. ):.
Pine barren streams near the coast (Mohr). May-July.
Scirpus Olneyi Gray. Olney’s Bulrush.
Southern counties to the coast; Clark Co. July-October.
Scirpus lacrustis L. (Scirpus validus Vahl.). Large Bulrush.

Throughout the state; Oxford; Newton. July-August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Scirpus robustus Pursh. (S. maritimus macrostachyus Michx.).

Salt-Marsh Bulrush.
Along the Coast and Coastal Islands (Tracy). July.

FUIRENA Rottb. Umbrella Grass.

Fuirena simplex Vahl. Ocean Springs.
A. & M. College Herb.

Fuirena scirpoidea Michx.
Littoral. Biloxi (Tracy). July-August.
Fuirena squarrosa Michx.
Rankin Co. (Hilg. Ms.); Lafayette Co.; Durant; Lake;

Ocean Springs. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb. A. & M. College Herb.

HEMICARPHA Nees. & Arn.

Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl.) Britton (Scirpus micranthus
Vahl):
Rankin Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ; Belzoni; Coastal Islands. May-

June.
A. & M. College Herb.

RYNCHOSPORA Vahl. Beaked Rush.

Rynchospora Tracyi Britton. Tracy’s Horned Rush.
Pine barrens ponds (Small). Summer and fall.

102 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Rynchospora corniculata (Lam.) Gray. (R. longirostris Ell.).
Rankin Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ; Leak Co.
A. & M. College Herb.

Rynchospora pusilla Chapm.
Along the coast; Biloxi. August-September.
A. & M. College Herb.

Rynchospora divergens Chapm. (R. lamprosperma Sauv.).
Southern pine barrens to the coast; Biloxi. June-Aug.
A. & M. College Herb.
Rynchospora oligantha Gray.
Coastal region; Biloxi. May-June. _
A. & M. College H>vb.
_Rynchospora plumosa Ell.
Coastal region; Biloxi; Ocean Springs. June.
A. & M. College Her».
Rynchospora alba (L.) Vahl. (Schoenus albus L.).
Mississippi City (Tracy). August-September.
Rhynchospora semiplumosa A. Gray.
Biloxi; Ocean Springs.
A. & M. College Herb.
Rhynchospora glomerata (L.) Vahl. (Schoenus glomeratus L.).
Biloxi; Ocean Springs (Tracy). July-September.
Rynchospora glomerata paniculata (Gray) Chapm. (R. pani-
eulata Gray).
Biloxi (Tracy). July-September.
Rynchospora axillaris (Lam.) Britton. (R. cephalantha Gray).
Pine barrens to the coast; Ocean Springs. July.
A. & M. College Herb.
Rynchospora filifolia Torr.
Harrison Co.
A. & M. College Herb.
Rynchospora fascicularis (Michx.) Vahl. (Schoenus fascicu-
laris Michx.).
Coastal region and Islands (Tracy); Biloxi. June-July.
A. & M. College Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 103

Rynchospora gracilenta Cray.
Coastal region; Biloxi. August.
A. & M. College Herb.

Rynchospora Baldwinii Gray.
Southern pine region (Mohr.). July-August.
A. & M. Colleze Herb.

Rynchospora ciliaris (Michx.) Mohr.
Damp piney woods; Ocean Springs. July.
A. & M. College Herb.

Rynchospora dodecandra Baldw. (R. megalocarpa Gray).
Dry sandy soil near seacoast, and on Coastal Islands
(Tracy). May-June.

Rhynchospora cymosa ( Willd.) Ell. (Schoenus eymosus Willd.)
~ Light sandy soil. Horn Island.
A. & M. College Herb.
Rynchosopora Toreyana Gray.
Mississippi City (Tracy). August.
Rynchospora rariflora (Michx.) Ell. (Schoenus_ rariflorus
Michx.).
Coastal region; Deer Island. July-September.
A. & M. College Herb

Rynchospora microcarpa Baldw.
Ship Island; Horn Island.
A. & M. College Herb

Rynchospora compressa Carey.
Biloxi (Tracy).

Rynchospora caduca Ell.

Ocean Springs. July.
A. & M. College Herb.

Rynchospora prolifera Small.

Piney woods (Small). Summer.
Rynchospora inexpansa (Michx.) Vahl. (Schoenus inexpansus
Michx.).
Lake.

A. & M. College Herb.

104 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Rynchospora miliacea (Lam.) Gray. (Schoenus miliaceus Lam.).
Wet shady places in the prairies (Mohr). July-August.

CLADIUM P.Br. Twig Rush.
Cladium effusum (Sw.) Torr. (Schoenus effusus Sw.). Saw
Grass.
Coastal region and islands (Tracy). July-August.

SCLERIA Berg. Nut Rush.

Scleria hemitaphra Steud.
Sandy swamps (Small). Summer and fall.

Scleria triglomerata Michx.
Coast and Islands (Tracy). June-July.

Scleria Torreyana Walp. (Scleria laxa Torr.).
Coastal region (Tracy). August-September.
Scleria paucifiora glabra Chapm.
Dry sands near the seashore. (Mohr). June.

Scleria Caroliniana Willd. (S. Hirtella Michx.).
Wet pine barrens (Mohr). June-July.
Scleria gracilis El.
Drifting sands along the shore (Tracy). June-July.

CAREX UL, Sedge.

Carex riparia Curtis.
Starkville (Tracy).
Carex folliculata australis Bailey (C. folliculata Ell.). South-
ern Long Sedge.
Coastal regions along banks of streams (Tracy). May-
June.
Carex intumescens Rudge. (C. folliculata Wahl.). Bladder
Sedge.
Damp shady places. North Mississippi (Hilg. Ms.).
April-May. ~
Carex Elliottii Schw. & Torr. (C. castenea Ell.). Elliott’s
Sedge.
Wet margins of streams (Mohr). April-May.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 105

Carex turgescens Torrey; Pine Barren Sedge.
Wet banks of pine barren streams (Tracy). April-May.
Carex glaucescens Ell. Pale Sedge.

Borders of pine barren streams; Biloxi (Tracy).

Carex verrucosa Muhl. Warty-fruited Sedge.
Wet soil (Small). Summer.

Carex triceps Michx. (C. viridula Schw. & Torr). Smooth
Green Sedge.
North Mississippi (Hilg. Ms.).
Carex Caroliniana Schwein. (C. triceps Smithii Bailey). Caro-
lina Sedge.
Damp shady borders of woods (Mohr). April.
Carex Cherokeensis Schwein. (C. recurva Muhl.). Cherokee

Sedge.
Biloxi (Tracy). May-June.

Carex oblita Steud. (C. glabra Boott.). Dark Green Sedge.
Springy bogs (Small). May-June.

Carex debilis pubera Gray (C. venusta Boott.). Elegant Sedge.
Pine meadows (Mohr). May.

Carex debilis prolixa Bailey. (C. debilis Boott.).
Swampy banks of pine barren streams. April-May.

Carex amphibola Steud. (C. eryptandra Schwein. )
In prairie regions (Mohr).

Carex granularis Muhl.
Prairie region (Mohr).

Carex striatula Michx. (C. laxiflora Boott. )
Woods and meadows (Small). Spring and summer.

Carex digitalis Willd. (C. oligocarpa Muhl.).
Shaded rocky hillsides of northeast counties (Mohr).

Carex Texensis (Torr.) Bailey. (C. rosea Texensis Torr.).

Texas Sedge.
Dry hills (Mohr).

106 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [ Bull.

Carex retroflexa Muhl. (C. rosea retroflexa Torr.)
Coast and Islands (Tracy). June.

Garex Muhlenbergii Schk.

Damp soil over the state. Spring.

Carex Leavenworthii Dewey (C. cephalophora angustifolia
Boott.).
Springs and meadows (Small). June.

Carex Atlantica Bailey. (C. stellulata conferta Bailey). Hast-
ern Sedge.
Wet stream banks in southern pine barrens (Mohr). May.
Carex scoparia Schk. (C. scoparia minor Boott.) Hilg. Ms.
Pointed Broom Sedge. In moist soil. June.
Carex alata Torr. [C. straminea alata (Torr.) Bailey.| Broad-
Winged Sedge.
Swamps (Mohr). May.
Carex reinformis (Bailey) Small. (C. straminea reinformis
Bailey).
Rich alluvial soil (Small). Spring and summer.
Carex tenuis Rudge.
Bayou Graveline (Tracy).
Carex gracillima Schwein.
Meadows (Small). Spring and summ_r.

Carex triangularis Boekl.
Low prairies (Small). Spring and summer.

PALMAE. Palm Family.
SABAL, Adans. Palmetto

Sabal minus (Jacq.) Pers. [S. Adansonii Guerns.; 8. glabra
(Mill.) Sarg.] Dwarf Palmetto.
Low ground in coastal region, and along streams; Coastal
Is. (Tracy); Ocean Springs; Bay St. Louis; Greenwood.
June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 107

SERENOA Benth. & Hook.
Serenoa serrulata (Michx.) Benth. & Hook. (Chamaerops
serulata Michx.) Saw Palmetto.
Coastal regions and Islands;Gulfport; Picayune. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ARACEAE, Arum Family

ACORUS L., Calamus or Sweet Flag.
Acorus calamus L.

In ponds. South Mississippi (Wailes); Lafayette Co.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ORONTIUM UL.

Srontium aquaticum L. Golden Club.
In sluggish streams. Lafayette Co.; Clarke Co.; Amory;
De Kalb. March-April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

PELTANDRA Raf.

Peltandra sagittaefolia (Michx.) Morong. (Calla sagittaefolia
Michx.). Wild Calla Lily.
Boggy borders of pine barren streams; Gulf Coast (Mohr)
July-August.

Peltandra Virginica (L.) Kunth. (P. undulata Raf.). Green
Arum.
Marshes and boggy places throughout the state. Oxtord;
Lucedale. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ARISAEMA Mart.

Arisaema triphyllum (l.) Torr. (Arum triphyllum L.). In-
dian Turnip.
Throughout the state in rich shaded ground. Tishomingo
Co.; Lafayette Co.; Forrest Co.; Carroll Co.; Smith Co.; Sa-
tartia on loess bluffs. New Albany; Ripley; Rosetta; Mead-
ville. May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

108 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Aresaema quinatum Schott. (A. polymorphum Chapm.).

Rich shaded moist slopes. Calhoun Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ; Oko-
lona; Carroll Co. (bluffs); Smith Co.; Yazoo Co. (loess
bluffs). April-May.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Arisaema Dracontium (L.) Schott. (Arum Dracontium L.).
Green Dragon.

Rich shaded slopes of north and central Mississippi. Ox-
ford; Okolona; Starkville (Tracy); New Albany (Pontotoe
Ridge); Jackson; Holeomb. (loess bluffs). Ripley; Hast-
port; West Point.; Meadville. April-May.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

MAYACACEAE. Mayaca Family.
MAYACA Aubl.

Mayaca Aubletii Michx. (M. Michauxii Schott. & Endl.) May-
aca.

Shallow, sluggish streams and ponds in the pine barrens.
Lumberton; Waynesboro; Picayune. June-July.

XYRIDACEAE. Yellow-eyed Grass Family.
XYRIS LL. Yellow-eyed Grass.

Xyris serotina Chapm.
Coastal Islands (Tracy). October.
Xyris ambigua Beyr. (X. stricta Chapm.)

Pine barren swamps near the coast. Ocean Springs. July- -
August.

A. & M. College Herb.
Xyris neglecta neglecta Small.
Moist pine lands (Small). Summer and fall.
Xyris flexuosa Muhl. (X. bulbosa Kunth.).

Wet sandy soil, chiefly in the southern counties. Leake
Co. July-August.

A. & M. College Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 109

Xyris Elliotti Chapm.
Coastal region. Ocean Springs; Biloxi. July-October.
4 A. & M. College Herb

Xyris Caroliana Walt. (X. elata Chapm.).
DeKalb; Leake Co. (Hilg. Ms.); Lumberton; Horn Island.
July.
Geol. Surv. Herb. A. & M. College Herb.
Xyris platylepis Chapm.
Ocean Springs; Biloxi.
A. & M. College Herb.

Xyris iridifolia Chapm.
Low pine barrens. Wayne Co. (Lowe). June-July.

Xyris fimbriata Ell.
Low coastal flats (Tracy). July-Sept.

Xyris torta Smith (X. conocephala Sauv.).
Biloxi; Ocean Springs; Horn Island. June. /
A. & M. College Herb.

Xyris flabelliformis Chapm.
Low pine barrens (Small). Spring.

Xyris Baldwiniana R. & S. (X. juncea Bald.).
Borders of pine barrens swamps. Picayune. September.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ERIOCAULONACEAE, Pipewort Family
ERIOCAULON L. Pipewort.

Eriocaulon decangulare L.
Low wet pine barrens and marshes. Rankin Co. (Hilg.
Ms.); Iuka; Lost Gap; DeKalb; Back Bay at Biloxi. July-

October.
Geol, Surv. Herb.

Eriocaulon septangulare Withering.
Wet pine barrens (Hilg. Rep.) ; Iuka; Ocean Springs.
Geol. Surv. Herb

f
/

110 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Eriocaulon Ravenelii Chapm.
Wet places; common at Walker’s Lake, Inka.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Eriocaulon compressum Lam. (EK. gnaphalodes Michx.)
Boggy pine barrens swamps. Landon; Back Bay at Bi-
loxi. May-Aug.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
LACHNOCAULON Kunth:

Lachnocaulon anceps ( Walt.) Morong; (lL. Michauxii Kunth.)
Damp soils in coastal belt. Mareh-June (Mohr).

BROMELIAL02AK Pine Apple Family
TILLANDSIA L. Spanish Moss.

Tillandsia usneoides lL.
Southern half of the state in deep damp forests, especially

of alluvial plains along rivers. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

COMMELINACEAE. Spiderwort Family.
COMMELINA L. Day Flower.

Commelina Nashii Small.
Sandy soil (Small). Summer and fall.

Commelina nudiflora L. (C. communis Walt.)

Damp soil throughout the state. Lafayette, Hinds and
Warren Counties ; Woodville; Coastal Islands (Tracey) ; Simp-
son County (Hilg. Ms.). Sept.-Nov.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Commelina erecta L.
Dry sandy soil. Marion Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ; Lost Gap. Sept.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Commelina hirtella Vahl. (C. erecta Gray).
In wet shaded swamps. Lafayette, Warren and Holmes.

Counties. August.
Geol. Survey Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS Pe

Commelina Virginica L. (C. angustifolia Michx. )
Common on dry sandy soil. Oxford; Lost Gap; Hinds
Co.; Coastal Islands (Tracy).
Geol. Survey Herb.
TRADESCANTIA. Spiderwort.
°
Tradescantia refiexa Raf. (T. canaliculata Raf.)
Jackson (Dr. T. P. Bailey.) Mareh-April.
Tradescantia Virginica L.
Common on dry sandy soil. Oxford; Jackson. May.

Tradescantia incarnata Small.
Sandy soil (Small)). Spring.

Tradescantia pilosa Lehm.
Rich, shaded sandy soil. Chunky; Ripley. May-July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

PONTEDERIACEAE. Pickerel Weed Family.

PONTEDERIA L. Pickerel Weed.

Pontederia cordata L.
Sluggish streams and ponds. Coastal counties (Hilg. Ms.)
April-July.

PIAROPUS Raf. Water Hyacinth.

Piaropus crassipes (Mart.) Britton.
In floating masses on sluggish streams and ponds. Com-
mon in southern counties; Jefferson, Wilkinson, Lafayette coun.
ties. Coastal Regions.

JUNCACEAE. Rush Family.
JUNCUS L. Rush.

Juncus effusus L:
North Mississippi (Hilg. Ms.) June.

Juncus Roemerianus Scheele (J. maritimus Chapm.)
Along the Gulf Coast (Tracy). July.

112 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Juncus tenuis Willd. (J. bicornis Michx.).

Distributed over the state in damp soil. May-June.
Juncus setaceus Rostk.

Southern pine barrens to the Coast (Tracy). June.

Juncus marginatus Rostk.
Probably throughout the state. June (Coville).

Juncus aristulatus Michx. [J. margnatus aristulatus (Michx.)
Coville].
Coastal region and Islands (Tracy), June.
Juncus repens Michx.
Coastal regions and Islands (Tracy). Spring and summer.
Juncus Torreyi Covi.le (J. nodosus megacephalus Torr.).
Perhaps over the state (Mohr).) July
Juncus interior Wiegand. |
Dry woods and prairies (Small). Spring and summer.
Juncus brachycarpus Engelm.
Open prairies (Mohr)). June-July.
Juncus scirpoides Lam. (J. echinatus Ell.)
North Mississippi (Hilg. Ms.) Coastal region and Islands
(Tracey). June.
Juncus validus Coville.
Sandy soil (Small). Summer and fall.
Juncus trigonocarpus Steud. (J. cordatus Chapm.).
Southern pine regions (Mohr. September-October.
Juncus acuminatus Michx.
Coastal regions (Tracy ).)
Juncus acuminatus debilis (Gray) Enelm. (J. debilis Gray).
Wet swamps (Small). June (Hilg. Ms.).
JUNCOIDES Adans.
Juncoides campestra (L. Kuntze; J. campestris L.) Common
Wood Rush.

Distributed over the state. Lafayette, Benton, Tishomin-
go counties. March.

Geol. Survey Herb

Noe eT] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 112

LILLIACEAE. Lily Family.
TOFIELDIA Huds. False Asphodel.

Tofieldia racemcsa (Walt.) B.S. P. (T. pubescens Pers.)

Southern pine barrens. Waynesboro; Gulfport; Pica-
yune. July.
Geol. Survey Herb.
CHAMAELIRIUM Willd. Blazing Star.
Chamaelirium luteum (L.) Gray. (C. Colinianum Willd ) Devil’s
Bit.

Open wooded slopes of North Mississippi. Oxford; Rip-
ley; Fulton; Meadville. May-June.

CHROSPERMA Raf. Fly Poison.
Chrosperma muscaetoxicum (Walt.) Kuntze. (Amianthium
muscaetoxicum Gray) ).

Rich moist woods. Toomsuba. April.
Geol. Survey Herb.

ZYGADENUS Michx.

Zygadenus glaberrimus Michx.
Sandy swamps. Oxford; McHenry; Iuka; Lost Gap; Pica-
yune. June.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Zygadenus leimanthoides (Gray) Wats. (Amianthium leiman-
thoides Gray) ).

Swamps. Landon; Michigan City; Hattiesburg; Boone-
ville.

Geol. Survey Herb.
STENANTHIUM Kunth.

Stenanthium gramineum (Ker-Gawl) Morong. (S. angustifol-
ium Kunth.)
North Mississippi (Hilg. Ms.)

ve

/
114 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY {Bull.

UVULARIA L, Bellwort Family.

Uvularia grandiflora, J. E. Smith.
Rich shaded damp soils. Toomsuba; New Albany; Ponto-
toc; Ripley; Hatchie Hills. April.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Uvularia perfoliata L.
Throughout North Mississippi. Oxford; Tishomingo Co.;
Jackson; Southern Hinds. April.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Uvularia sessilifolia L. (Oakesi a sessifolia Wats.).

Wet shaded places. North Mississippi; Lafayette, Tishi-
mingo and Hinds Counties; Pontotoc; Ripley; Fulton; Michi-
gan City. April.

Geol. Survey Herb.

ALLIUM L. Onion.

Allium Canadense L. Wild Garlic.
Throughout the state. Jackson. April.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Allium mutabile Michx. Wild Onion.
Hattiesburg. May.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Allium arenicola (Small).
Damp sandy soil (Small). Spring.

NOTHOSCORDUM Kunth.

Nothoscordum bivalve (l1) Britton (N. straitum Kunth.). Yel-
low False Garlic.
Throughout the state. Lafayette, Hinds, Warren and
Jones Counties. March-April.
Geol. Survey Herb.

MUSCARI Tourn. Grape Hyacinth.

Nuscari botryoides Mill. (Adv.)
North Mississippi, escaped from gardens. Oxford. March-
April.
Geol. Survey. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS + 115

Muscari racemosa Mill. (Adv. )
Oxford; Carrollton.
Geol. Survey. Herb.
ORNITHOGALUM Tourn. Star of Bethlehem.

Ornithogalum umbellatum L. (Nat.).
North Mississippi. March.
YUCCA L.
Yucca filamentosa L. Bear Grass.
Throughout the state. Oxford; Hinds County; Wood-
ville. June.
Geol. Survey. Herb.
Yucca aloifolia L. Spanish dagger.
Common about old dwellings throughout the state. June-
July.
Yucca gloriosa L. Spanish Bayonet.
In sandy soil in the southern counties; Coastal Islands

(Tracy); Meadville. May-June.
Geol. Survey. Herb.

- 5

Yucca recurvifolia Salisb.
Coastal Islands (Small). Spring and summer.

POLYGONATUM Adans. Solomon’s Seal.
Polygonatum bifiorum ( Walt.) Ell. (Convallaria biflora Walt.)
Small Solomon’s Seal.

North Mississippi. Lafayette, and Itawamba counties;
New Albany; Ripley. April-May.
Geol. Survey. Herb

Polygonatum commutatum (Roem & Schult.) Dietr. (P. gigan-
teum Dietr.).

Rich shaded slopes. North Mississippi. Ripley; Eastport.
April-May.

116 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (Bull.

VAGNERA <Adans. False Solomon’s Seal.

Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong. (Smilacina racemosa Desf.
Northern half of the state. Lafayette, Tishomingo, Mad-
ison Counties. May-Jun.e
Allison Herbarbium.

ASPARAGUS Tourn.

Asparagus officinalis L. ( Adv.)
Escaped from gardens throughout the state. June.

LILIUM L.

Lilium Carolinianum Michx. (lL. superbum Carolinianum
Chapm.) Southern Spotted Lily.

Dry open woods. Meridian; Utica; Brookhaven; Mead--
ville;. Hattiesburg; Laurel; Taylorsville; DeKalb. June-
July.

Geol. Survey. Herb.
Lilium Catesbaei Walt. Catesby’s Lily.
Low damp pine barrens. Taylorsville; Shubuta; McHen-
ry. duly:
Geol. Survey. Herb.
Lilium superbum L. Turks Cap Lily.

Hattiesburg; Laurel.

Geol. Survey. Herb.

QUAMASIA Raf.
Quamasia esculenta (Ker-Gawl) Coville. (Camassia Fraseri
Torr.). Wild Hyacinth. ;
Central prairie region. Montrose; Jackson. April.
Geol. Survey. Herb

NOLINA. Michx.

Nolina Georgiana Michx.
Dry pine barrens. Wiggins. April-May.
Geol. Survey. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS LT

MIEDEOLA L.

Medeola Virginiana L. Indian Cucumber.
Low shaded woods. Northern half of the state. Oxford;
Ackerman; Booneville; Itawamba Co. May.
Geol. Survey. Herb.

TRILLIUM L.
Trillium grandiflorum Salisb.
Rich woods near the Tennessee River. Eastport. May.
Geol. Survey. Herb.

(Found in only one locality, at the base of Tennessee River
bluff,—may be specifically distinct from granditlora. )

Trillum sessile L. Wake Robin.
Rich shaded woods. Tishomingo, Lafayette, Union coun-
ties, Hinds Co., Pontotoe Co. March.
Geol. Survey. Herb.

Trillium Underwoodii Small.
Rich damp woods. Jackson. April-May.
Geol. Survey. Herb.

Trillium viride Beck. (T. viridescens Nutt.)
Rich woods and glades (Small).

Trillium stamenium Harb.
Roeky woods (Small).

Trillium Ludovicianum Harb.
Low rich woods (Small).

Trillium recurvatum Beck. (T. recurvatum lanceolatum Wats. )
Low rich woods. Pontotoc; New Albany; Eastport;
Charleston; Taylor. March-April.
Geol. Survey Herb.
ALETRIS L.

Aletris farinosa L. (A. alba Michx.) White Star Grass.
Low wet ground throughout the state; most abundant in

the southern counties. Lost Gap. May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

118 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [ Bull.

Aletris aurea Walt. Golden Star Grass.
Low wet pine barrens. Leake Co.; Tishomingo Co.; Lum-
berton ;Biloxi; Lost Gap; Meadville. June.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Vignera racemosa (L..) Morong (Smilacina racemosa Desf.)
Moist open woods and copses north half of the state. Tish-
omingo Co.; Oxford; Madison (Allison) ; Ripley; New Alba-
ny; Jackson. May-June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Allison Herb.

SMILACACEAE Vent. Smilax Family. 3
SMILAX LE.

Smilax herbacea L. (Coprosmanthus peduneularis Kunth.)
Carrion Plant.
In open woods in the northern counties; Oxford, Ripley ;
Starkville (Tracy); New Albany. May.
Geol. Survey Herb.
Smilax ecirrhata (Kngelm.) Wats. (Coprosmanthus ecirrhata
Engelm. )
Dry open woods of northern counties. April-May.

Smilax glauca Walt. Glaucous Greenbrier. Sarsaparilila.
Found throughout the state. Starkville (Tracey) ; Oxford;
Ripley. May.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Smilax rotundifolia L. (S. quadrangulata Willd.) Low Bamboo
Brier.

Starkville (Tracy); Tishomingo Co. (Allison); Oxford;
Benton Co. May.

Geol. Survey Herb.

Smilax cinnamomifolia Small.

Southern Hinds County.

Geol. Survey Herb.

Smilax pseudo-china L. False China-Root.
Low damp ground. Northern counties. April.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 119

Smilax bona-nox L. (S. hastata Willd.) Bamboo Brier.
Dry sandy soil. Ripley; Hinds Co.; Pascagoula; Stark-
ville; Durant; Coastal Islands (Tracy). April-May.
Geol. Survey Herb.
Smilax auriculata Walt. (S. ovata Ell.)
Along the coast; Coastal Islands. April-May.
Smilax laurifolia L. Bay-leaf Bamboo.
Southern pine regions to the coast. Hattiesburg. May.
Geol. Survey Herb.
Smilax Walteri Pursh. (S. cadueca Ell.) Coral Smilax.
Pine woods. Oxford. May.

Geol. Survey Herb.
Smilax lanceolata L. (S. ovata Pursh.) Sweet-scented Smilax.
Low wooded lands. May-June.
Smilax hispida Muhl.
Damp thickets. South Mississippi (Wailes’ Report) ; Ok-

olona.
Geol. Survey Herb

HAEMODORACEAE, Blocdwort Family.
GYROTHECA Salisb.

Gyrotheca capitata (Walt.) Morong. (Lachnanthes tinctoria

Ell.) Red Root.
Southern pine barrens to the coast. Picayune. Aug.-Sept.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

AMARYLLIDACEAE. Amaryllis Family.
ATAMOSCO <Adans. <Atamoseo Lily.

tamosco atamasco (L.) Green (Amaryllis atamasco L.)

Central and southern
Nugent; Smith Co. March-April.

counties to the coast. Shubuta;

Geol. Survey Herb.

120 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

HYMENOCALLIS Salisb. Spider Lily (Le Conte).

Hymenocallis occidentalis Kunth (Pancratium occidentale Le
Conte. )
Scattered over the state in shaded swamps. Michigan City ;
Taylorsville. May-June.
Geol. Survey Herb.
Hymenocallis rotatum Kunth. (Pancratium rotatum Ker-
Gawl.)
Swamps and marshes. Oxford. April-May.
Geol. Survey Herb.

CRINUM L.

Crinum Americanum lh.
Southern counties to the coast. Ocean Springs (Tracy) ;
Bay St. Louis; Pascagoula. May.
reol. Survey Herb.

HYPOXIS L. Star Grass.

Hypoxis hirsuta Coville (H. erecta L.)
Open woods throughout the state. Oxford; Tishomingo
Co.; Morton. March-April.
Geol. Survey Herb.
Hypoxis juncea Smith.
_ Damp pine barrens. Jandon. Spring.
Geol. Survey Herb.
LOPHIOLA. Ker-Gawl.
Lophiola Americana (Pursh.) Coviliei (Lophiola aurea Ker-
Gawl.)
Low pine barrens near the coast. Leakesville; Landon;

Gulfport; Picayune; Back Bay at Biloxi. June-July.
Geol. Survey Herb.

AGAVE L. American Aloe.

Agave Virginica L.
in dry woods throughout the state. Oxford; New AI-
bany; Tishomingo Co.; Okolona; Jackson; Amory; DeKalb.
May.
Geol. Survey Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 121

DIOSCOREACEAE. -Yam Family.
DIOSCOREA L. Wild Yam.

Dioscorea villosa L.
Throughout the state in open woods. Tishomingo Co.; Ok-
olona; New Albany; Oxford; Jackson. May.
Geol. Survey Herb.

IRIDACEAE. Iris Family.
IkIS L.

Iris versicola L. Blue Flag.
Throughout the state in marshy ground. Tunica. April-
May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Iris hexigona Walt. (I. Virginica Michx.) ‘Southern Blue Flag.
Marshes in the coastal zone. April.

Iris verna L. Dwarf Iris.
Very common in southern pine belt. Lost Gap; Collins;
Wayne Co.; Jones Co. March-April.
Geol. Survey Herb.
Iris cristata Ait. Crested Iris.

Wet seeps on limestone ledges of the Tennessee River. Tish-
omingo Co. Pontotoc; Ripley; Fulton; Grenada. April
Geol. Survey Herb.

GEMMINGIA Fabr.

Gemmingia Chinensis (l.) Kuntze |B.elameanda Chinensis (L.)
D.C.|] Blackberry Lily (Int.)
Common. about homesteads and roadsides. Oxford; Utiea.
July.
Geol. Survey Herb.

SISYRINCHIUM L. Blue-eyed Grass.

Sisyrinchium flexile Bicknell.
Along the coast (Small.) Spring.

122 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Sisyrinchium graminoides Bick. (S. anceps Wats.)
Coastal pine belt. LE loxi, April-May.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Sisyrinchium Tracyi Pic!:.
Wet sandy lands in the southern counties. (Small). —

Sisyrinchium capillare Bick.
Coastal pine barrens. Mohr). April.

Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michx.
Central prpairie regions. Jackson; Morton. April-May.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Sisyrinchium corymbosum Bick.
Sandy pine barrens. Gulfport.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Sisyrinchivum nanum Lick.
Coastal regions. Landon. April-May.

Sisyrinchium scoparium Bick.
Coastal regions. April (Small).

‘Sisyrinchium implicatum Bick.
Wet bottom lands. Calhoun Co. (Small).

Sisyrinchium capillare Bick.
Low sandy pine barrens. Pascagoula.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Sisyrinchium campestre Bick.
Damp open woods. Oxford. Spring.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Sisyrinchium fuscatum Bick.
Damp sandy soil. April.

Sisyrinchium albidum Raf.
Rich moist shaded hill slopes. Grenada Co.; Okolona; Ox-

ford; Jackson. April. .
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Sisyrinchium fibrosum Bick.
Moist woods. Spring (Small).

Nos Wi] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 12%

bo
i)

Sisyrinchium tortum Bick.
Sandy soil (Small). Spring.

BURMANNIACEAE. Eurmannia Family.
BURMANNIA L.
SBurmannia biflora L. (Tripterella coerulea Nutt.)
Coastal regions. October-November. (A. Allison).
Burmannia capitata Mart. (Tripterella capitata Michx.)

Wet pine barrens along the coast. Bay St. Louis. Octo-
ber-November.

Allison Herb.
ORCHIDACEAE. Orchid Family.
CYPRIPEDIUM L. lLady’s Slipper.
Cypripedium hirsutum Mill. (C. pubescens Willd.)
Oxford; Ripley; Tishomingo Co; Columbus; Hatchie
Hills in Prentiss Co. A‘pril-May,
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Cypripedium parviflorum Salish. (C. caleceolus Michx.)
Open woods. May.

HABENARIA Willd. Wood Orchis.

Habenaria habenaria.
Damp pine barrens. Gulfport.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Habenaria clavellata (Michx.) Spreng. (H. tridenta Hook.)
Wet shady woods. Oxford; Rocky Ford; Waynesboro;
Tylertown; Wiggins; McHenry; Fulton; DeKalb. July.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Habenaria nivea Spreng. (Orchis nivea Nutt.)
Damp pine barrens. Waynesboro; Wiggins. July.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Habenaria cristata R. Br. (Orchis cristata Michx.)
Over the state in wet shady places. Fulton; Lumberton;
Picayune; Meadville. August.
Geol. Survey Herb.

124 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Habenaria ciliaris (L.) R. Er. (Orchis ciliaris L.) Yellow
fringed orchis.
Over the state in edges of marshes. Oxford; Taylorsville;
Picayune; Fulton; Meadv.tlle. June-August.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Habenaria blephariglottis Torr. (Orchis blephariglottis Willd.)
Swampy places, central pine region to the coast. Lauder-

dale Springs; Nugent; Mississippi City. July.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Habenaria peramoena Gray. (Orchis incisa Pursh.)
Rankin Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ; Oxford (Bailey). July.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Habenaria quinqueseta Michx. (H. Michauxii Nutt.)

Central pine belt. Decatur.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Habenaria repens Nutt. Creeping Orchis.
Borders of swamps near the coast. (Mohr). October.

POGONIA Juss.
Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker-Gawl. Snake-mouth.

Scattered over the state bordering open marshes; more
common toward the coast. Iuka; Landon. April-May.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Pogonia divaricata (L) R. Br. (Arethusa divariecata I.)
Perhaps throughout the state in open marshes. Chunky;

Landon. April-May.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Pogonia verticillata Nutt. (Arethusa verticillata Willd.)
Fulton; Rocky Ford; Booneville; Toomsumba; Meadville.

March.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Pogonia pendula.
Moist shady places along spring branches. Taylorsville.
Geol. Surv. Herb

NO: 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 125

GYROSTACHYS Pers. Ladies Tresses.

Gyrostachys gracilis Kuntze. (Neottia gracilis Bigelow.)
Perhaps over the state. Jackson; Lost Gap. April June.

Gyrostachys praecox (Walt) Kuntze. (Spiranthes praecox
Gray). ;
Found sparingly throughout the state. Oxford; Jackson
(T. P. Bailey.) May-June.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Gyrostachys odorata Kuntze (Spiranthes odorata Lindl.)
Damp woodlands along streams. October.

~ ACHROANTHES Raf. Adder’s Mouth.

Achroanthes unifolia (Michx.) Raf. (Michrostylis ophioglos-
soides Nutt.) Green Adder’s Mouth.

Low shaded banks along streams. Oxford; Winona; Lost
Gap; Lucedale; DeKalb; Itawamba Co.; Meadville. July-
August.

Geol. Survey Herb.

CORALLORHIZA R. Br. Coral Root.

Corallorhiza Wisteriana Conrad.
Upland woods. New Albany. August.
Geol. Survey Herb.

TIPULARIA Nutt. Crane-Fly Orchis.

Tipularia unifolia (Muhl.) B.S. P. (Tipularia discolor Nutt.)
Rich shaded woods in northeastern counties. Itawamba

Co.; Booneville. June. ;
Geol. Survey Herb.

LIMODORUM L. Grass Pink.

Limodorum tuberosum L. (Calopogon pulchellus R. Br.)
Open springy places or marshes. Lafayette Co.; Tisho-
mingo Co.; Landon; Winona; Lost Gap. June.
Geol. Survey Herb

126 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [ Bull.

Limodorum parviflorum (Lindl.) Nash. (Calopogon parviflor-

us Lindl).
Low wet pine barrens. Picayune; Gulfport; Lyman; Lan-

don. March-April.
Geol. Survey Herb.
HEXALECTRIS Raf.

Hexalectris aphyllus (Nutt.) Gray (Bletia aphylla Nutt.)
Throughout the state in oak woods. Rocky Ford; Oxford;
Utica; Meridian. July-August.
Geol. Survey Herb.
EPIDENDRUM L.

Epidendrum conopseum R. Br.
Epiphytic on large magnolias and live oaks in dense low
forests near the coast (Mohr). July.

DICOTYLEDCNES

ARCHICHLAMYDEAE.
SAURURACEAE. Lazird’s-tail Family.
SAURURUS L.. Lizard-tail.

Saururus cernuus L.
Occurs throughout the state in swamps and marshes. Ox-

ford; Jackson; Bay St. Louis. June-Aug.
Allison Herbarium.

JUGLANDACEAE. Walnut Family.
JUGLANS L. Walnut.

Juglans cinera L. Butternut.
On rich upland soils. Not common. Tippah Co.; Union

Co.: DeSoto Co.: Booneville; Carrollton.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut.
Throughout the state in rich soil. Lafayette Co.; Tishomin-

go Co.; Grenada Co.; Clarke Co.

~]

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 12

HICORIA Raf. Hickory.

Hicoria pecan (Marsh) Britton (Carya olivaeformis Nutt.)
Pecan.
Common in the Mississippi Delta and the loess bluffs.
Greenwood. Yazoo Co.; Warren Co.

Carya laciniosa (Michx. F.) Lond. King Nut.
River bottoms (A. B. Hurt).
Geol. Survey Herb.
Hicoria ovata (Mill.) Britton (Carya alba Nutt.) Sealy Bark.
Common in northern part of the state. Mostly on low-
lands. Lafayette Co.; New Albany; Pontotoe.

Hicoria alba Gritton. (Carya tomentosa Nutt.) Mockernut.
Oceurs throughout the state. Rare in southern pine belt.

Hicoria glabra (Mill.) Britton. (Carya porcina Nutt.) Pig Nut
Hickory.
Lowlands throughout the state. Tishomingo Co.; Hinds

Co.; Amite Co. April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Allison Herb.

Hicoria myristicaeformis (Michx.) )Britton. (Carya myris-
ticaeformis Nutt.)
Rather rare. Most common in the loess bluffs. Yazoo Co.

Hicoria minima Britton. (Carpa amara Nutt.) Bitternut.
Sparingly over the northern half of the state, on low
ground. . ;

Hicoria pallida (Carya pallida)
Not common; mostly on rich uplands. Taylor.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Hicoria aquatica Britton. (Carya aquatica Nutt.) Water
Hickory.
Low swamps and overflow lands of the Mississippi and its
larger tributaries. Lafayette Co.; Holmes Co.; West Point.
May.

128 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. [Bull.

MYRICACEAE. Wax Myrtle Family.
MYRICA, L. Wax Myrtle. Candle Berry.

Myrica cerifera L. (Myrica cerifera aborescens Michx.)
Frequent on low pine barrens near the coast. Pascagoula;
Meadville; Lost Gap; Biloxi. February.

Geol. Surv. Herb.
Myrica pumila Small (M. cerifera pumila Michx.)
Damp open pine barrens. Back Bay near Biloxi. March.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Myrica Carolinensis Mill. (M. cerifera media Michx.)
Coastal regions in pine barrens swamps. Lyman. March.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Myrica inodora Bartram. Wailes’ Report. Feb.-March.

SALICACEAE. Willow Family.
POPULUS L. Poplar,-or Cottonwood.

Populus deltoides Marsh. (P. monilifera Ait.)
Common over the state on river floodplains.

Populus alba L. White or Silver Poplar.
An introduced -tree common in yards, but escaped, and
rather common around settlements.

Populus heterophylla L.
On low lands of southwest counties. Wilkinson Co. Feb.
Geol. Survey Herb.

SALIX L. Willow.

Salix nigra Marsh. Black Willow.
Common throughout the state on river alluvium and about
springs. Lafayette; Hinds. April.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Salix humilis Marsh. (S. longirostris Michx.)

_On low moist soils. Lafayette Co.; Tishomingo Co. April-
May.

Geol. Survey Herb.

Nor <L7] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 129

Salix longifolia.
Tishomingo Co. (A. Allison) ; Starkville (Tracy).

BETULACEAE. Birch Family.
CORYLUS L. Hazelnut.

Corylus rostrata Ait. Beaked Hazelnut.
Rich wooded slopes and copses. Meadville. March-April.

Corylus Americana Walt. Common Hazelnut.
Dry woodland slopes. Tishomingo Co.; Tippah Co.; La-
fayette Co.; Itawamba Co.; Michigan City; Meadville. March.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

BETULA L. Birch.
Betula nigra L. (B. rubra Michx.) River Birch.

Common along streams. Lafayette Co.; Tishomingo Co.;
Carroll Co.; Chunky; Greenwood; Hattiesburg.
Geol, Survey Herb.

ALNUS Gaertn. Alder.
Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Koch. (A. serrulata Willd.)

Common on low wet stream banks throughout the state.
Lafayette Co.; Tishomingo Co. February.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.
CARPINUS L. Ironwood.

Carpinus Caroliniana Walt. (C. Americana Michx.)
Throughout the state on rich lower slopes and _ alluvial
lands. Tishomingo Co.; Grenada Co.; Hinds Co.; Amite Co.;
Hattiesburg; New Albany. May.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

OSTRYA Seop. Hop Hornbeam.

Ostyra Virginiana (Mill.) Willd. (O. Americana Michx.)

Rich lower woodland slopes and stream bottoms. Tuisho-
mingo Co.; Pontotoe Co.; Grenada Co.; Copiah Co.; Amite
Co. April--May.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

130 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

FAGACEAE. Beech Family.
FAGUS L. Beech.

Fagus Americana Sweet. (IF. ferrugineaAit.).
On bottom lands over the state. Hinds Co.; Warren Co.;
Lafayette Co.; Amite Co.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

CASTANEA Adans. Chestnut.

Castanea dentata (Marsh) Borkh. C. vesca Americana Michx. )
American Chestnut.

Light soil on uplands; most common in the northern coun-
ties. Lafayette and Tishomingo Counties. New Albany;
Ripley; Futon. May-June.

Geol. Survey Herb.

Castanea pumila Mill. (Fagus pumila L.) Chinquapin.
Rich upland slopes. Most common on loess bluffs of

southwestern counties. Itawamba; Hinds; Warren; Amite
counties; Pascagoula; Grenada; DeKalb; Woodville. May.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

QUERCUS L. Oak.

Quercus alba L. White Oak.
Over the state on low ground. Lafayette, Grenada, Tish-
omingo Counties; Bay St. Louis. April.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Quercus minor Sarg. (Q. stellata Wagenh.) Post Oak.
Over the state on dry uplands. Tishomingo, Lafayette,
Hinds, Amite Counties; Bay St. Louis. April.

Allison Herb.

Quercus lyrata Walt. Overcup Oak.

Low stream bottoms. Lafayette, Tishomingo, Leflore
Counties: Warren Co.; Amory; Rosetta. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Now LT] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 131

Quercus prinus L. (Q. montana Willd.) Rock Chestnut Oak.
Only found in the extreme northeastern counties. Com-
mon on the sandstone bluffs of Bear Creek, Tishomingo Co.;
on high rocky divides of Itawamba, Alcorn and ‘Tippah
Counties.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Quercus acuminata Sarg. (Q. Muhlenbergii Englm.) Chestnut
or Yellow Oak.

On rich upland soils, especially where derived from limey
formations. Oxford; Grenada; Holcomb, on loess bluffs;
Sataria, on loess bluffs; New Albany, on Pontotoc Ridge;
Clarke County, on limey soils east of Shubuta; Woodville, on
loess bluffs.

Geol. Survey Herb.

Quercus Michauxii Nutt. (Q. prinus Michauxii Chapm.)

On low alluvial grounds throughout the state. Lafayette
Co.; Hinds Co.; Yazoo Co.; Amite Co.; Hattiesburg on Leaf
River; Grenada; Rosetta; Picayune.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Quercus brevilobata (Torr.) Sarg. (Q. Durandi Buckl.) Pin Oak.
Limestone prairie soils; loess bluffs. West Point; Brook-
ville; Roberts; Shubuta; Natchez.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Quercus austrina Small.
Low lands. Central Mississippi (Sargent).
Quercus nigra L. (Q. aquatica Walt.) Water Oak.
On alluvial soil and rich moist slopes throughout the state.
A very common and beautiful tree. Lafayette Co.; Grenada
Co.; Hinds Co.; Hattiesburg; Bay St. Louis.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Quercus Virginiana Mill. (Q. virens Ait.) Live Oak.
Southern counties; more common near the coast.
Allison Herbarium.

Quercus geminata Small.
Sandy soil near the coast and coastal Islands; Cat Island.
Geol. Survey Herb.

132 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Quercus Texana Buckl. Texan Oak.
A common oak on low rich soil. Lafayette, Yazoo, War-
ren, Hinds and Clarke Counties.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Quercus rubra L. Red Oak.

Common on sandstone bluffs. Bear Creek, Tishomingo
County; bluff of Bull Mountain Creek in Itawamba Co.;
New Albany; Taylor; Waynesboro; Amite Co.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Quercus velutina Lam. (Quercus coccinea tinctoria Gray.)
Black Oak.
Throughout the state. Amite Co.; Bay St. Louis; Oxford;
New Albany; Jackson.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Quercus catesbaei Michx. Turkey Oak.

Sandy soil; long leaf pine region. Moss Point; Bay St.
Louis; McHenry; Hattiesburg; Meridian; Jones Co.; Wayne
Co.

Quercus digitata Sudworth. (Q. faleata Michx.)

Throughout the state. Bay St. Louis.
Allison Herbarium.

Quercus pagodaefolia Ashe. (Q. pagodaefolia Ell.) Spanish
Oak.

A very common and handsome tree throughout the state.
Mostly on uplands. Tishomingo Co.; Oxford; New Albany;
Amite Co.; Bay St. Louis.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Quercus Marylandica Muench. (Q. nigra Wangenh.) Black Jack.
Over the state in sterile uplands. Tishomingo Co.; La-
fayette Co.; Grenada Co.; Hinds Co.; Lauderdale Co.; Bay

St. Louis.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Quercus laurifolia Michx. (Q. phellos laurifolia Chapm.)
Laurel Oak.
Southern half of the state on low ground. Okolona;
Waynesboro ; Hattiesburg.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 13

ww

Quercus phellos L. Willow Oak.
Throughout the state on low ground. Lafayette Co.;
Hinds Co.; Amite Co.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.
Quercus myrtifolia Willd. (Q. phelios arenaria Chapm.) Myrtle
Oak.
Littoral, Mississippi City.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Quercus imbricaria Michx. Shingle Oak.
Starkville (Tracy).)
Quercus brevifolia Sarg. (Q. cinerea Michx.) Upland Willow
Oak.

Dry upland sandy soil in southern pine belt to the coast.
Jones Co.; Covington Co.; Wayne Co.; Forrest Co.; Moss
Point; Bay St. Louis; Meridian.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Quercus hybrida (Chapm.) Small.
Sandy upland soils. (Small).

Quercus Comptonae Sarg. Compton’s Oak.
Loess bluffs. Natchez; Yazoo City.

ULMACEAE. Elm Family.
ULMUS L. Elm.

Ulmus crassifolia Nutt.
Along streams; Not common (Small). Autumn.

Ulmus Americana L. American Elm.
Rather common throughout the state. Lafayette Co.;
Tishomingo Co.; Hinds Co.; Chickasaw Co. February.
Ulmus alata Michx. Wahoo. Winged Elm.

Throughout the state. Moist woodlands. Lafayette Co.;
Tishomingo Co.; Holmes Co.; Hinds Co. February.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

134 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Ulmus fulva Michx. (U. pubescens Walt.) Slippery Elm.
Low rich bottom lands. Lafayette Co.; Chickasaw Co.;
Tippah Co.; Hinds Co.; Warren Co. February.
Geol. Survey Herb.
PLANERA Gmel. The Planer-Tree, or Water Beech.
Planera acquatica ( Walt.) Gmel. (Anonymos acquatica Walt.)

On low wet flood plains of the larger streams. Taylor.
February.

Geol. Survey Herb.
CELTIS L.
Celtis Mississippiensis Bose. (C. laevigata Walt.) Southern
Hackberry.

Prairies and river bottoms. Tishomingo Co.; Benton Co.;
Chickaksaw Co.; Noxubee Co.; Warren Co.; Clarke Co.;
northern Hinds Co.

Geol. Survey Herb.
Celtis occidentalis L. Hackberry.
Starkville (Tracy).

MORACEAE. Mulberry Family.
TOXYLON Raf.

Toxylon pomiferum Raf. (Maclura aurantiaca Nutt.) Osage
Orange. (Int.)
Throughout the state about habitations. April.
MORUS L. Mulberry.

Morus rubra L. Red Mulberry.
Common over the state on low ground. Tishomingo Co.;
Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co. March.
Geol. Survey Herb.

URTICACEAE. Nettle Family.
URTICA L. Nettle.

Urtica gracilis Ait. (U. procera Willd.) Common American
Nettle.
Damp shaded places, perhaps throughout the state. Tisho-
mingo Co.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 13

Urtica dioica L. Stinging nettle.
About dwellings and hedgerows throughout the state.
Common. July.
Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh. (U. purpurascens Nutt.)
Pascagoula.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ADICEA Raf. Clear Weed.

Adicea pumila, (Pilea pumila Gray.) Clear Weed.
About shaded boggy springs throughout the state.
fayette Co.; Hinds Co.; Eastport.

BOEHMERIA Jacq.

La-

Boehmeria cylindrica Willd. (Urtica cylindrica lL.) False
Nettle.

Throughout the state in damp boggy woods.
Co.; Tippah Co.; Hinds Co.; Copiah Co.; Bay St. Louis. July.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Tishomingo

LORANTHACEAE. Mistletoe Family.
PHORADENDRON Nutt. Mistletoe.

Phoradendron flavescens Nutt. (Viscum flavescens Pursh.)
Throughout the state, growing parasitic upon trees, mostly

oaks. February.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

SANTALACEAE, Sandalwood Famliy.
COMANDRA Nutt.

Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. (Thesium umbellatum L.)

Rare and local in northern counties. In upland oak woods.

Oxford. June.
Geol. Survey Herb.

MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY | Bull.

asi
ww
on)

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Birthwort Family.
ARISTOLOCHIA L.

Aristolochia serpentaria L. Virginia Snakeroot.

In low damp woods. Oxford; West Point; Vicksburg;
Hattiesburg; Madison Co.; Rosetta; Lost Gap; New Albany;
Ripley. (Hilg. Ms.). May.

Geol. Survey Herb.

Aristolochia tomentosa Sims. Dutchman’s Pipe.
River bottoms; Pearl River bottom at Jackson. April-May.
Geol. Survey Herb.

ASARUM L. Wild Ginger.

Asarum Virginicum 1.
Rich shaded slopes. Fulton; Booneville. March.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Asarum Canadense lL.
Rich shaded slopes along the Tennessee River, in Tisho--
mingo Co.; Pontotoe Ridge at Ripley; New Albany. Mareh.
Geol. Survey Herb.

HEXASTYLIS Small. Wild Ginger.

Hexastylis arifolium (Michx.) Small
Rich shaded slopes. Common in the southern counties.
Hattiesburg. March.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Hexastylis Ruthii (Ashe) Small.
Rich low ground. MHattiesburg.
Geol. Survey Herb.

POLYGONACEAE. Buckwheat Family.
RUMEX L. Dock.

Rumex acetosella L.
Dry soil throughout the state. Tishomingo Co.; Oxford;
Jackson; Gulfport. April-May.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb

INGE el FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 137

Rumex verticillatus L.
Open swamps and ditches. Greenwood. April-May.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Rumex crispus L.
In open pastures throughout the state. May-June.

POLYGONUM UL. Knotweed.

Polgonum aviculare lL.
Yards and gardens; common. May.

Polygonum maritimum L. (P. aviculare littoral Chapm. )
Along the coast. August-September.

Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. (P. mite Pers.).
Open wet ground throughout the state (Hilg. Ms.) Tracy.
July.

Polygonum erectum L.
Starkville (Tracy). June.

Polygonum puctatum Ell. (P. acre H. B. K.). Smart Weed.
Open wet ground. July-October. Amite Co.; Bay St.

Louis.
Allison Herb.

Polygonum Pennsylvanicum L.
Damp open soil throughout the state. Jackson (T. P.
Bailey) ; southern Hinds Co.; Lafayette Co.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Polygonum Virginianum L.
Over the state in low swamps. Copiah Co.; Warren Co.

July-September.
Geol, Surv. Herb.

Polygonum sagittatum L.

Marshes and springs. Oxford.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Polygonum convolvulus L. Bind Weed.

Waste places. June-August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

138 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Polygonum persicaria L. Ladies’ Thumb.
Open damp pastures and fields. June-October.

Polygonum cristatum Engelm.
Over the state.

POLYGONELLA Michx. Joint Weed.

Polygonella polygama Gray (P. parvifolia Michx.).
Dry sands along the coast. Cat Island. October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Polygonella gracilis Nees. (Polygonum gracile Nutt.).
Littoral; Coastal Islands (Tracy).

Polygonella Americana Small (P. ericoides Engelm. & Gray.)
Sandy soil. Southern Hinds Co. August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

BRUNNICHIA. Banks.

Brunnichia cirrhosa Banks. Ladies’ Ear Drops.
Common on stream banks. Grenada; Winona; Jackson
July-August.

Geol. Surv. Herb.
CHENOPODIACEAE. Goosefoot Family.
CHENOPODIUM lL. Pigweed.

Chenopodium album L. Lamb’s Quarter.
In gardens and fields throughout the state. A common
weed.
Chenopodium ambrosicdes L.
Ruderal throughout the State. July-September.

ATRIPLEX L. Orache.

Atriplex cristata H. B. K.
Coastal Isiands, Door Point. Spring to fall.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 139

Atriplex arenaria Nutt. (Obione arenaria Moq.).
Beach or sand Orache. Sand beaches. Petit Bois Island.
July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

DONDIA Adans. Sea-blite.

Dondia linearis (Ell.) Millsp. (Suaeda linearis Moq.). Sea
Blight.
Littoral. Sandy beaches along the Gulf Coast and Islands.
July.

SALICORNIA lL. Glasswort.
Salicornia Bigelovii Torr. (S. mucronata Bigel.).
Salt marshes on Coastal Islands (Lloyd & Tracey). July-
August.

Salicornia herbacea L.
Salt marshes of Coastal Islands. Door Point, Chandeleur
Islands. July.
: Geol. Surv. Herb.

SALSOLA L. Saltwort.
Salsola Kali L. (S. Caroliniana Bigelow).
Sandy beaches. Coast and islands; Horn Island.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

AMARANTHACEAE. Amaranth Family.
AMARANTHUS IL. Amaranth.

Amaranthus retrofiexus L. Pig Weed.
Cultivated ground throughout the state. Oxford; Jack-

son. August-September.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Amaranthus hybridus L. (A. chlorostachys hybridus Gray).
(int. ).
Common in cultivated ground over the state. July-Oct.
Amaranthus spinosus Lh.
A common weed in cultivated ground over the state. Ox-

ford; Hinds Co.; Coastal Islands (Tracy). July-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

140 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

FROELICHIA. Moench.

Froelichia Floridana (Nutt.) Moq. (Oplotheca Floridana Nutt.)
Dry sands of beach. Coast and Coastal Islands. Beau-

voir (Tracy); Bay St. Louis (A. Allison); Horn Island,

Petit Bois Island. Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

BATIDAE. Eatis Family.
BATIS P:BeE.
Batis maritima L. Saltwort.
Salt marshes along the coast and Islands. July.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

PHYTOLACCACEAE. Pokeweed Family.
PHYTOLACCA L. Pokeweed.
Phytolacca decandra lL.

Rich damp soil in open’ ground throughout the state.
September-October.
NYCTAGINACEAE. Four o’Clock Family.
ALLIONIA Loefl. Umbrella-wort.
Allinonia albida Walt. (Oxybaphus albida Chois.)
Dry hill soils (Mohr). July-September.
Allionia decumbens (Nutt.) Rydb.

Dry sandy soil. (Small). Spring and summer.

AIZOACEAE. Carpet Weed Family.
MOLLUGO L. Carpet Weed.
Mollugo verticillata L.

In cultivated grounds around dwellings. Throughout the
state. Oxford; Winona; Jackson. June-Oct.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 141

SESUVIUM UL. Purslane.

Sesuvium portulacastrum. Sea Purslane.
Coastal regions and islands. Pascagoula; Door Point,
Chandeleur Islands. December.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Sesuvium maritimum (Walt.) B.S. P. (S. pentandrum Ell.).
Salt water pools and marshes along the coast; on sandy
beaches (Mohr). August.

PORTULACACEAE. Purslane Family.
PORTUTDA CAS le:
Portulaca oleracea L.
In gardens and cultivated grounds throughout the state.
May-September.
CLAYTONIA UL. Spring Beauty.
Claytonia Virginica L.
In open woods and pastures. Lafayette Co.; Holmes Co.;
Oktibbeha Co.; Okolona; New Albany; Shubuta. April-
* May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ALCINACEAE. Pink Family.
SCLERANTHUS.

Scleranthus annus.
Coast Islands (Tracy).

AGROSTEMMA L.

Agrostemma githago L.
Waste lands; not common. Oxford. June.

; SILENE lL. Campion.
Silene stellata (L.) Ait. Starry Campion. (Cucubalus stellata
ie

Rich shaded banks and slopes. More common in the north-
ern part of the state. Tishomingo Co.; Lafayette Co.; New
Albany; Ripley; Michigan City; Hatchie Hills; Madison Co. ;

Waynesboro. July-August.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

142 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (Bull.

Silene Virginica L. Indian Pink.
Dry sandy uplands. Lafayette Co.; Grenada Co.; New
Albany; DeKalb; Ripley. May-June.
| | Geol. Surv. Herb.

Silene ovata Pursh. Round Leaf Silene.
Rich shaded slopes. Hatchie Hills; Aleorn Co. Spring.

SAPONARIA L.

Saponaria officinalis L. Soapwort. (Adv.).

Escaped from gardens all over the state. July.
VACCARIA IL. Cow-herb.

Vaccaria vaccaria (L.) Britton (Saponaria vacearia L.) Adv.
Occasionally found in cultivated ground. Oxford. May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

SAGINA lL. Pearlwort.

Sagina decumbens (Ell.) Torr. & Gray. (Spergula decumbens
Ell.)
Damp pastures. Oxford and Carrollton. April.
Geol. Surv: Herb.

Sagina decumbens Smithii (Gray) Wats. (S. subulata Smithii
Gray).
Dry sandy soil. Southern counties (Mohr). April.

ALSINE IL. Chickweed.

Alsine media L. Startwort-Chickweed. (Stellaria media Smith.)
Found throughout the state in moist open lands. Febru-

ary-April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Alsine pubera (Michx.) Britton. Hairy Starwort. (Stellaria
pubera Michx.).
Rich woods in northeast counties. Tishomingo Co. (Alli-
son). May-June.

Nox Lz} FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 143

ARENARIA L. Sandwort.

Arenaria lanuginosa Rohrb. (Arenaria diffusa Ell.).
Thickets and moist woods. Most frequent toward the
coast (Mohr.) Seen once at West Point.

Arenaria serpyllifolia L.
In moist ground around dwellings. Oxford. May.

TISSA <Adans. Sand Spurry.

Tissa marina (L.) Britton. (Arenaria rubra marina L.).
Sandy beaches along the coast. Petit Bois Island. May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

CERASTIUM lL. Mouse-ear Chickweed

Cerastium viscosum L.
Common throughout the state in open lands. Oxford;
New Albany; Jackson. March.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Cerastium vulgatum L. (Cerastium triviale Link.).
Common in open damp soil throughout the state. March.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

STIPULICIDA Michx.

Stipulicida setacea Michx.

Coastal region and islands (Tracy). April-June.
Stipulicida filiformis Nash.

Sandy soil (Small). Spring and summer.

SIPHONYCHIA Torr & Gray. Whitlow-wort.

Siphonychia erecta Chapm.
Sands along the coast and islands. July-August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Siphonychia corymbosa Small.
Coastal islands (Tracy).

144 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

NYMPHAECEAE, Water Lily Family.
NELUMBO Adans. Sacred Bean.

Nelumbo lutea ( Willd.) Pers. (Nelumbium luteum Willd.)
In deep still water throughout the state. May-June.

BRASENIA Schreb. Water Shield.

Prasenia purpurea (Michx.) Casp. (Hydropeltis purpurea
Michx).
Throughout the state in still water. May-June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

CASTALIA Silisb. Pond Lily.

Castalia odorata Salisb. (Nymphaea odorata Dryand.). Sweet
stented Water Lily.
Throughout the state in deep still water. April-June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Castalia tuberosa.
Deep still water. Coastal Islands (Tracy).

NYMPHAEA UL. Yellow Pond Lily.

Nymphaea sagittifolia Walt. (Nuphar sagittifolia Pursh.).
Southern counties to the coast (Mohr). June-July.

MAGNOLIACEAE. Magnolia Family.
MAGNOLIA L.

Magnolia foetida (L.)-Sarg. Magnolia. (M. grandiflora L.).

Common forest tree in lowlands. Rare in northern coun-
ties. Hinds Co.; Amite Co.; Port Gibson; Hattiesburg;
Woodville; Vicksburg; Picayune.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
Magnolia Virginica L. (Magnolia glauca L.). Swamp Bay,
or Sweet Bay.

Common on low marshy ground; not common in the loess
region. Bay St. Louis; Landon; Hattiesburg; Tishomingo
City; Lost Gap; Woodville; Fulton. May June.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

No: 17) FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 145

Magnolia acuminata L. Cucumber Tree.

Common in the hill region of northeast Mississippi. East-
port; Sartaria; Wayne Co.; Warren Co.; Adams Co.; New
Albany. April.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Magnolia acuminata cordata (Michx.) Sarg. (M. cordata
Michx.).

On lowlands. Warren Co.; Wayne Co. - Copiah Co.; Wil-
kinson Co. May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Magnolia tripetala L. (M. umbrella Lam.). Umbrella Tree.
Hill regions of northern Mississippi. (Mohr). May.

Magnolia Fraseri Walt. (M. auriculata Lam.) Fraser’s Mag-
nolia.

Pearl River valley (Mohr).

Magnolia macrophylla (Michx.) Large Leaf Magnolia.
A small tree common on rich slopes. Winona; Vaiden;

Satartia; Meridian; Lost Gap; Rosetta; Woodville. April-
May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

LIRIODENDRON L. Tulip Tree.
Liriodendron tulipifera L.

Throughout the state on rich slopes and second bottoms.
Tishomingo Co.; Pontotoe Co.; Lafayette Co.; Amite Co.;
Hancock Co. April-May.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

ILLICIUM UL. Star Anise.

Illicium Floridanum Ellis.

Southern pine region to the coast. Lauderdale Co.; Jones
Co.; Hattiesburg; Tylertown; Bay St. Louis; Picayune.
March-April.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

146 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

SCHIZANDRA Michx. Sarsaparilla Vine.

Schizandra cocinea Michx.
Rich lowland woods in southern half of the state. Hinds
Co.; Copiah Co.; Wilkinson Co. June.

ANONACEAE. Custard Apple Family.
ASIMINA Adans. Papaw.

Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal (Anona triloba L.).

Throughout the state in rich lowland woods. Tishomingo
Co.; Itawamba Co.; Union Co.; Hinds Co.; Warren Co.; Oko-
lona; Bay St. Louis. March-April.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Asimina parviflora Dunal.
Low lands in the southern counties. Hinds, Yazoo and
Clarke Counties. Fulton; Grenada; Lost Gap; Amory. April.
RANUNCULACEAE. Buttercup Family.
ZANTHORHIZA L’Hert.

Zanthorhiza apiifolia L’Hert. Shrub Yellow Root.
Rich shaded creek banks. Tishomingo City; Itawamba
Co.; Booneville; Columbus. March-April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ACTAEA L. Baneberry.

Actaea alba (L.) Mill. (A. spicala alba L.) White Baneberry.
Rich shaded slopes, mostly in limey soil. Ripley; Eastport;
Hatchie Hills; Booneville; Pontotoc; Toomsuba; Vicksburg.

Not common. April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

CIMICIFUGA lL. Bugbane.

Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. (Actaea racemosa L.) Black
Cohosh.
Rich shaded slopes of extreme northeastern counties.
Blufis of Tennessee River near Eastport; Booneville; Colum-
bus; Hatchie Hills. June.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 147

DELPHINIUM UL. Larkspur.

Delphinium Carolinianum Walt. (D. azureanum Michx.). Blue
Larkspur.
Open pastures and copses on clay soil. Jackson. April-
June.
- Geol. Surv. Herb.

Delphinium virescens (Nutt.). Green Larkspur.

Dry rocky uplands of Tennessee hills. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Delphinium consolida L. Common Larkspur.
Escaped from cultivation. Common around Oxford. May-
June.

Delphinium urceolatum Jacq. (D. exaltatum Ait.). Tall Lark-
spur.

Edges of woods. Southern counties (Hilg. Ms.). June.
ANEMONE L. Wind Flower.

Anemone Canadensis L. Canada Anemone.
Starkville (Tracy); Tishomingo Co. (A. Allison).
Allison Herb.

Anemone Caroliniana Walt. Prairie Anemone.
In open pastures. Local and infrequent. Has been col-
lected only at Oxford and at Jackson. March-April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Anemone Virginiana L. Virginia Anemone.

Edges of thickets and woods. Common in northern half
of state. Starkville (Tracy); Oxford; New Albany: Madi-
son; Fulton; Ripley; Pontotoc; DeKalb. April.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

HEPATICA Scop. Liverwort.

Hepatica hepatica (L.) Karst (H. triloba Chaix.)
Rich wooded slopes of northeast hills. Limestone bluffs

along Tennessee River near Eastport. March.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

148 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Hepatica acutiloba D. C.

In places similar to the last, but’more widely distributed
in the state: Eastport; Meridian; Toomsuba. March.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

SYNDESMON. Hoffing.
Syndesmon thalictroides (L.) Hoffmg. (Anemonella thalie-
troides (L.) Spach. |

Rich shaded slopes. Eastport; Pontotoc; Itawamba Co.;
Oxford; Chunky; DeKalb; Meridian; Taylorsville. April-
May.

CLEMATIS L.

Clematis Virginiana L. Virgin Bower.

More or less common on lowlands throughout the state.
Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.; Heidelberg; Rodney (Dr. Pervi-
ance). Michigan City. Summer.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Clematis Catesbyana Pursh.
Sandy soil (Small). August.

Clematis viorna L. Leather Flower.

Lowlands bordering streams. Lafayette Co.; Chunky.
June.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Clematis crispa L. (C. cylindrica Sims). Blue Clematis.

Low swamps along streams. Okolona; West Point; Jack-
son; Waynesboro. May.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

MYOSURUS L. Mouse Tail.

Myosurus minimus L.

Common in damp open pastures and fields. Tishomingo
Co.; Oxford. Perhaps throughout the state. May.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 149

RANUNCULUS L. Crowfoot or Buttercup.

Ranunculus pusillus Poir. (R. flammula Walt.).

Edges of open marshes throughout the state. Oxford;
Jackson; Tishomingo Co.; Newton; Pascagoula, April.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Ranunculus recurvatus Poir.
Damp rich thickets and woods. Lafayette Co.; Tishomin-
go Co.; Ripley. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Ranunculus abortivus L. (R. nitidus Walt.).

Damp open grounds and fence rows throughout the state.
Lafayette and Tishomingo Counties; New Albany; Taylor;
Jackson. April.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Ranunculus septentrionalis nitidus (Poir) Chapm.
Trailing in low swamp land. Okolona. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl.
Common in damp open pastures throughout the state.
Tishomingo Co.; Oxford; New Albany; Shubuta. April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Ranunculus parviflorus L. (R. trachyspermus EI1L.).
Common in open lands around dwellings. Tishomingo Co.;

Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co. April.
Allison Herbarium.

Ranunculus apricus Greene.
Moist pine barrens (Small). Winter and spring.

THALICTRUM lL. Meadow Rue.

Thalictrum purpurascens L. (T. rugosum Pursh.).

On low moist shaded places in the northeastern counties.
Tishomingo Co.; Ripley; West Point; Pontotoc; Fentress, in
Choctaw Co. May.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb

150 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Thalictrum macrostylum (Schutt.) Sm. & Hell.
Leaf River near Hattiesburg. Spring.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

BERBERIDACEAE. Barberry Family.
PODOPHYLLUM. Mandrake or May Apple.

Podophyllum peltatum L.
Low shaded ground throughout the state. Oxford; Tish-
omingo Co.; Ripley; Pontotoc; Jackson. March-April.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

MENISPERMACEAE. Moonseed Family.
CEBATHA Forsk.

Cebatha Carolina (L.) Britton (Menispermum Carolinum L.).
Carolina Moonseed.

Perhaps throughout the state, climbing over bushes and
hedgerows. Oxford; Jackson; Starkville (Tracy); Madison
Co. (Hilg. Ms.); Warren Co. July.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

CALYCOCARPUM Nutt. Cup Seed.

Calycocarpum Lyoni (Pursh.) Gray (Memispermum Lyoni
Pursh.). Cup Seed.
Climbing over bushes along stream banks. Tippah, Attala
and Carroll Counties (Hilg. Ms.); Starkville (Tracy); La-
fayette Co.; Hinds Co.; Copiah Co. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

BUTNERIACEAE. Calycanthus Family.
BUTNERIA Duhamel. Calycanthus.
Butneria Florida (L.) Kearney (Calycanthus Floridus L.).

In open woodlands. Fulton; Booneville; Columbus; For-
rest Co. April.
Butneria fertilis (Walt.). Kearney. (Calycanthus feriilis fer-
tilis Walt.).
In moist open woods. Ocean Springs (Tracy).

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

LAURACEAE. Laurel Family.
PERSEA Gaetn. Red Bay.

Persea borbonia (l.) Spreng. (P. Carolinensis Nees.) Red Bay
Alluvial Swamps. Lawrence Co. (Hilg. Ms.) June.

Persea pubescens (Pursh.) Sarg. (P. Carolinensis pubescens
Pursh.).

Swamps and ponds in pine barrens to the coast; Coastal
Islands (Tracy).
Geol. Sury. Herb.
SASSAFRAS. Nees & Eberm.
Sassafras sassafras (L.) Karst. (S. officinale Nees. & Eberm.).
Sassafras.

Light upland soil.

Very common throughout the state.
April.

Geol. Sury. Herb.
BENZOIN Fabr. Spice Wood.

Benzoin benzoin (l..) Coulter (Lindera benzoin Blume). Spice
Bush.

Moist shaded banks and slopes. Tippah, Union, Hinds,
Yazoo, Warren and Madison Counties. March-April.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
PAPAVERACEAE. Poppy Family.

SANGUINARIA L. Blood Root.

Sanguinaria Canadensis L.

Rich shaded slopes. More common in the northeastern
counties. Booneville; Eastport; Fulton; Pontotoc; Colum-
bus; Hatchie Hills; New Albany; Meridian; Prentiss. March.

Geol. Surv. Herb.
ARGEMONE UL. Prickly Poppy.
Argemone Mexicana L.

Waste places near the coast. Biloxi (Tracy). April-
May.

152 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull

a

Argemone alba Lestib. (A. Mexicana albiflora DC.).
Waste places near the coast. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

CAPNOIDES Adans. Corydalis,

Capnoides aureum.
Loess bluffs in open ground and copses. Natchez. April-
May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

BRASSICACEAE. Mustard Family.
LEPIDIUM lL. Pepper Grass.
Lepidium Virginicum L.

Waste lands and pastures throughout the state. Oxford;
Jackson. Spring and summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

CCRONOPUS Gaertn. Swine Cress.
Coronopus didymus (L.) J. E. Smith. (Senebiera pinnatifida
DC.). Pepper Grass.
Pastures and moist open lands. Common in moist sands

along the coast. Jackson ; 3iloxi. March-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

CAKILE Gaert. Sea Rocket.

Cakile Chapmanii Millspaugh. C. maritima acqualis Chapm.).
Sands along the beach. Biloxi. June-August.
Geol. Surv. Herb
Cakile fusiformis.

Coastal Islands (Tracy).
SISYMBRIUM UL.

Sisymbrium officinale Scop. (Erysimum officinale L.). Hedge
Mustard.

Common in waste places throughout the state. Spring.

Now] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 15

eS)

BRASSICA L. Mustard.

Brassica nigra (L.) Koch (Sinapis nigra L.). Black Mustard.
Throughout the state. Not rare. Spring.

Brassica alba L. White Mustard.
Occasional throughout the state. Spring.

RORIPA Seop. Cress.
Roripa nasturtium L. Rusby (Nasturtium officinale R.Br.).
Water Cress.

Common throughout the state in cool springy places.
Biloxi beach. April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Roripa sessiliflora (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchcock (Nasturtium sessi-
liflora Nutt.).
Along the coast (Tracy). March.

CARDIMINE L. Bitter Cress.

Cardamine Pennsylvanica Muhl. (C. hirsuta Gray).

Found on dripping limestone ledges of the Tennessee Ri. r
near Eastport. February-March.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
Cardamine bulbosa (Schrieb.) B. S. P. (C. rhomboidea DC.).

Boggy ground in the northern counties. Oxford; Taylor;
Okolona; Potts Camp; Jackson.

Geol. Surv. Herb.
DENTARIA’ L.

Dentaria diphylla Michx. Pepper Root.
Rich shaded slopes. Eastport; Oxford.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Dentaria laciniata Muhl. (D. coneatenata Michx.).
Rich shaded shlopes. Oxford; New Albany.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

154 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Dentaria lacinia‘a multifda (\!uhl.) J. F. James (D. multifida
Muhl.).
Rich slopes in northeastern counties. Eastport. March-
April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
BURSA Weber. Shepherd’s Purse.

Bursa bursa-pastoris L. Britton (Capsella bursa-pastoris
Gray) ). |
Waste lands in pastures throughout the state. March-
May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
DRABA lL. Whitlow Grass.

Draba verna L. Intr.
Open pastures and waste places. Tishomingo Co. Ben-

ton Co. March-April.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Draba brachycarpa Nutt.
Open grass plots and waste places throughout the state.
Oxford. May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
ARABIS lL. Sand Cress.

Arabis Virginica (lL.) Trelease (Arabis ludoviciana C. A.
Meyer).
Open grass plots in pastures throughout the state.

Arabis canadensis L.
Northeastern counties (Hilg. Ms.). June.

CAPPARIDACEAE. Caper Family.

CLEOME L.

Cleome spinosa L. (C. pungens Willd.).
Rather common in open waste places. Copiah Co.; Smith

Co.; Meadville. June-July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 165

SARRACENIACEAE. Pitcher Plant Family.
SARRACENIA UL. Pitcher Plant.

Sarracenia purpurea |.
Southern pine barrens (Hilg. Rep.). March.

Sarracenia psittacina Michx.
Southern pine barrens. Picayune; Landon; Biloxi. April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Sarracenia rubra Walt.
Southern pine barrens. Picayune; Biloxi; State Line;
Leakesville; Waynesboro; McHenry; Landon. April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Sarracenia Drummondii Croom.

Pine barrens. State Line. April.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Sarracenia flava L.
Pine barrens meadows. Black Bay at Biloxi; Picayune;
Lumberton. April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Sarracenia catesbaei Ell.

Wet pine barrens. Gulfport. (Dr. T. P. Bailey|) June.

Sarracenia minor Walt. (S. variolaris Michx.)
Low pine barrens near the coast. (Hilg. Rep.)

DROSERACEAE. Sundew Family.
DROSERA L. Sundew.

Drosera brevifolia Pursh.
Damp pine barrens near the coast. (Mohr.) April.

Drosera rotundifolia L.

Damp pine barrens near the coast. Waynesboro; Hurley ;
Landon; Gulfport; Biloxi; Bay St. Louis; Picayune; Coastal
Islands.

Geol. Survey Herb.

156 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Drosera capillaris Poir. (D. 'revifolia major Hook.)
Low pine birrens near ihe coast (Mohr.); Bexley, April.

Drosera intermedia Hayne: (D. longifolia Michx.)
Low pine barrens. «.cayune; Hurley. April-May.
Geol. Survey Herb.
Drosera filiformis Raf. (D. tenuifolia Willd.)
Low pine barrens near the coast. Landon; Gulfport. May.
Geol. Survey Herb.

PODOSTEMACEAE. River Weed Family.
PODOSTEMON Michx. River Weed.

Podostemon abrotanoides Nutt.

Gravelly stream bottoms. (Small). June.

CRASSULACEAE. Orpine Family.
SEDUM L. Stone Crop.

Sedum ternatum Michx,

Wet limestone bluffs of Tennessee River, near Eastport.
May.
Geol. Survey Herb.

PENTHORUM IL.
Penthorum sedoides L. Ditch Stone Crop.

Edges of marshes and ditch sides. Common in north
half of the state. Hinds Co.; Oxford; Durant. May.

Geol. Survey Herb.

SAXIFRAGACEAE. Saxifrage Family.
ASTILBE.

Astilbe biternata (Vint.) Britton.
Rich shaded slopes of the northern counties. Eastport;
Ripley; Oxford. May.
Geol. Survey Herb.

~

Noy i] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 15

SAXIFRAGA L. Saxifrage.

Saxifraga Virginiensis Michx. Virginia Saxifrage.

Usually on limestone ledges. Confined to the northeast-
ern counties. Eastport; New Albany; Oxford (found only
once). April.

Geol. Survey Herb.
TIARELLA L. False Mitrewort.

Tiarella cordifolia L.
Northeast counties on rich slopes. April. (Mohr.)

HEUCHERA L. Alum Root.
Heuchera Americana lL.

Rocky or dry open woods in the northern counties. Tish-
omingo Co.; Lafayette Co.; Itawamba Co.; Tippah Co.; Clay
Co. April-May.

Geol. Survey Herb.
Heuchera villosa. Michx.
Limestone ledges along Tennessee River near Eastport;
rare. Summer.
Geol. Survey Herb.
PARNASSIA L. Grass of Parnassus.

Parnassia grandiflora DC.

Low wet depressions in lower Pearl River Valley. Pop-
larville. (Mohr.)
Parnassia Caroliniana Michx.

Wet pine barrens of southeast Mississippi. (Mohr.)

PHILADELPHUS L. Syringa.

Philadelphus grandifiorus Willd.
Oceasional in the northern counties. Fulton; Chunky.
Perhaps escaped from gardens. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Philadelphus inodorus L.
Moist woods and river banks. (Small.) April-May.

158 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

HYDRANGEA lL. Wild Hydrangea.

Hydrangea arborescens L. (H. vulgaris Michx.)

Common on rich shady slopes and creek banks. Tisho-
mingo, Itawamba and Benton Cos.; Ripley; New Albany;
Oxford; Pontotoc; Madison; Jackson. June.

Geol. Survey Herb.
Hydrangea radiata Walt.
Rich shady banks. Southwestern Hinds Co.
Geol. Survey Herb.
Hydrangea quercifolia Bartram. Oak Leaf Hydrangea. Seven
Bark.

Very common in the northern counties; less so southward ;
on shady slopes. Tishomingo, ‘Tippah, Benton, Lafayette,
Union, Madison and Hinds Counties. May-June.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

ITEA L.
Itea Virginica L. Virginian Itea.
Borders of swamps and shaded stream banks. Tishomin-

go Co.; Oxford; Newton; Lost Gap; Hattiesburg; Bay St.
Louis. May-June.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.
DECUMARIA L.

Decumaria barbara lL. (D. sarmentosa Ell.) Carolina Decu-
maria.
Shaded alluvial flats bordering streams. Oxford; Taylor;
Monticello; Simpson Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ; Amite Co.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

HAMAMELIDACEAE. Witch Hazel Family.
HAMAMELIS. Witch Hazel.
Hamamelis Virginiana L.

Throughout the state on shady slopes. Tippah, Lafayette,

Hinds, Amite Counties; Chunky; Bay St. Louis. October-
November.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

No. 17]: FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 159

LIQUIDAMBER L. Sweet Gum. Red Gum.

Liquidamber styraciflua L.

Throughout the state, mostly on low lands. The commer-

i)

cial variety known as ‘‘Red Gum”’ is confined to alluvial bot-
toms of large streams. Especially common in the Mississippi

Delta swamps. February-March.
PLATANACEAE. Sycamore Family.

Platanus occidentalis. Sycamore.

River bottoms throughout the state. May.
Geol. Survey Herb.

ROSACEAE. Rose Family.
SPIREAEA L. Spirea..

Spiraea salicifolia L.
In low wet copses. Picayune.
Geol. Survey Herb.

PORTERANTHUS. _ Britton.
Porteranthus stipulatus. (Muhl.) Britton. (Gillenia stipu-
lacea Nutt.).. Indian Physie.
In low open woods of northeastern counties. West Point;
Eastport. On Bull Mountain Creek, Itawamba Co. Summer.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

RUBUS L:
Rubus argutus Link (R. villosus frondosus Torr.) Common
Blackberry.
Throughout the state bordering lowland thickets and fence
rows. May.

Rubus argutus floridus (Tratt.) Bailey. (R. floridus Tratt.)
Light sandy soil.

160 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Rubus rhodophyllus Rydb.
Tishomingo County. Spring.

Allison Herbarium.

Rubus persistens Rydb.
Sandy soil. Biloxi (Small). Spring.

Rubus trivialis Michx. Southern Dewberry.
Throughout the state, usually in sandy soil. Coastal
Islands (Tracy); New Albany; Oxford; Waynesboro; Smith
County.

Rubus Enslenii Tratt.
Tishomingo County.

Allison Herbarium.

Rubus cuneifolius Pursh. (R. parvifolius Walt.) Sand Black-
berry.
Jackson; . @Dr. T. P. Bailey.) ~~April:
Rubus occidentalis L. Wild Black Raspberry.

Thickets on rich hmey soil. Pontotoe Ridge in Union

County; Tishomingo County (Allison.)

Allison Herbarium.

FRAGARIA L. Wild Strawberry.

Fragaria Virginiana. Duchesne. .

On open damp soil. Not common; apparently limited to
north half of the state. Tishomingo, Hinds, Lafayette coun-
ties. April-May.

Allison Herbarium.

DUCHESNEA Smith.

Duchesnea Indica (Andr.) Focke. (Fragaria Indica Andr.)

Escaped from gardens throughout the state. | Common.
Oxford; Carrollton; Jackson.

Geol. Survey Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 104

POTENTILLA I.

Potentilla Canadensis L. Five Fingers.
Common to open upland woodlands. Tishomingo Co.; La.
fayette Co.; Ripley; Jackson. May.
GEUM L. Avens.

Geum Canadense Jacq. (G. album Gmel.)
Shady thickets. Eastport; Ripley; Pontotoc; West Point;
Michigan City; Oxford; southern Hinds Co. May.
Geol. Survey Herb.
Geum vernum (Raf.) T. & G.
Shady copses. Pontotoc. May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Geol. Survey Herb.
AGRIMONIA L. Agrimony.
Agrimonia parviflora Soland. (A. suaveoleus Pursh.) Sweet
-~ Agrimony.
Borders of woods and thickets; perhaps throughout the
state. Warren Co.; Michigan City. July.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Agrimonia incisa T. & G. Cut-Leaf Agrimony.
Edges of woods and eopses. Infrequent throughout the
state. July.
Geol. Survey Herb.

ROSA L. Rose.

Rosa humilis Marsh. (R. Caroliana Michx.) Low Wild Rose.
Common in open dry upland woods of the northern coun-

ties. Oxford; New Albany; Noxubee County, in sandy ridge
soil; West Point; Amory; Woodville; Jackson. May.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Rosa blanda Ait. Early Wild Rose.
Starkville (Tracy) ; spring and early summer.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

162 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Rosa laevigata Michx. (R. sinica Ait) Cherokee Rose.
Southern counties in open woods and roadsides; more com-
mon in the region of the loess hills. Jackson; Warren Co.;
Claiborne Co.; Franklin Co. February-April.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Rosa bracteata Wendl. (Adv.)
Southern pine region to the coast (Small). July-Septem-
ber.

Rosa rubiginosa L. Sweetbrier.
Run wild in open grounds and along fence rows.. Com-
mon in limey soils. Tishomingo Co.; Jackson. Summer.
Allison Herbarium.

Rosa Carolina L. Swamp Rose.
Low wet ground in swamps and pastures. Northern coun-
ties; Benton Co.; Lafayette Co.; Common. June.
Geol. Survey Herb.

PYRUS i,

Pyrus ansustifolia Ait. Southern Crab Apple.
Throughout the state. Tishomingo, Hinds, Lafayette, For-
rest Counties. April.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

ARONIA. Pers. Chokeberry.

Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Ell. (Mespilus arbutifolia L.) Red:
Chokeberry.

Throughout the state along creek banks and edges of
ponds. Most common in the southern pine belt. Tishomingo,
Jones, Hancock, Amite Counties. March-April.

Allison Herbarium.

Aronia arbutifolia melanocarpa. Black Chokeberry.
Edges of swamps and springy marshes. Lafayette Co.;
Simpson Co. (Hilg. Ms.) April.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Noe Li] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 163

AMELANCHIER Medic. Service Berry, or June Berry.
Amelanchier Canadensis (l.). Medic. (Mespilus Canadensis L.)
Edges of ponds and borders of streams. Tishomingo and
Lafayette counties. June.
Geol. Survey Herb.

CRATAEGUS L. Haw.

Crataegus spathulata Michx.
Damp woods and thickets. Tishomingo and Hinds coun-
ties. April.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Crataegus viridis L. (C. arborescens Ell.)

Damp clay uplands. Morton. March-April.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Crataegus apiifolia (Marsh.) Michx. (Mespilus apiifolius
Marsh.) Red Haw; Parsley Haw.
Low wet clay soil throughout the state. Tishomingo Co.
Hinds Co.; Morton; Hattiesburg. April.

Crataeous rotundifolia (EKhrh.) Borek. (C. glandulosa Willd.)
Glandular Haw.
Dry open woods and thickets. Tishomingo Co.. April
May.
Allison Herbarium.

Crataegus mollis (Torr & Gray) Scheele (C. coccinea mollis
(Torr & Gray). Downy Haw.
Rich upland woods. Starkville (Tracy.) April.

Crataegus crus-galli L. Cockspur Thorn.
Open woods and copses in damp rich soil throughout the
state. April.

Crataegus denaria Beadle.
Along streams in East Mississippi; Common near Colum-
bus (Sargent).

Crataegus Mohrii Beadle.
Rich damp lowland soil. Tishomingo Co. May.
Allison Herbarium.

L104 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Crataegus flava Ait. (C. flava pubescens Gray.) Summer Haw.
Sandy soil; more common in the piney woods region, Simp-
son Co. (Hilg. Ms.)

Crataegus aestivalis Torr & Gray. May Haw.

Low wet borders of streams and ponds in the pine barrens.
Bay St. Louis. April.
Allison Herb. —

Crataegus uniflora Meunch. (C. tomentosa Michx.) Dwarf
Thorn.
Dry open copses throughout the state.

PRUNUS L.

Prunus Americana Marsh. (P. hyemalis Michx.) Wild Plum.
Damp wooded slopes and stream banks throughout the
state. Benton, Pontotoc, Lafayette, Tishomingo, Hinds,

Clarke Counties. March-April.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Prunus hortulana Bailey. (P. maritima Chapm. Wild Goose
Plum.
Littoral along Gulf Coast. March.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Prunus angustifolia Marsh. (P. Chicasa Michx.) Old Field
Plum; Chickasaw Plum.
Common in old fields and waste lands throughout the state.
February-March.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Prunus umbellata Ell. Southern Sloe; Hog Plum.
Open woods and edges of fields in pine barrens. Enter-
prise. March.
Prunus mitis Beadle.
Open woods. New Augusta.
Geol. Survey Herb.
Prunus serotina Khrh. Wild Black Cherry.
Throughout the state on low rich ground. Mareh-April.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 165

Prunus Caroliniana Ait. Laurel Cherry; Wild Peach.
Low rich ereek banks in the southern counties. Hinds Co.;
Hattiesburg. February-March.
Geol. Survey Herb.

CHRYSOBALANUS L.

Chrysobalanus oblongifolius Michx. Deer Plum.
Dry pine woods in the southern counties toward the coast.
Hurley; McHenry. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

VICIACEAE. Vetch Family.
MIMOSA.

Mimosa strigillosa T. & G. Sensitive Plant.
On low damp open ground. ‘Yazoo City; Tchula. May.

ALBIZZIA. Durazz.

Albizzia julibrissin (Willd.) Duraz. (Mimosa julibrissin Willd.)
Silk Tree. (Int.) ;
In yards and about dwellings throughout the state. May.

NEPTUNIA Lour.

Neptunia lutea (Leavenw.) Benth. (Desmanthus luteus Benth.)
Open grass lands and limey soils. Rankin Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ;

Jackson; Back Bay opposite Biloxi,
Geol. Surv. Herb.

SHRANKIA Willd. Sensitive Brier.

Shrankia angustata Torr. & Gray.
Dry open woods. Lost Gap. May-July.
Shrankia uncinata Willd.
Open pastures on clay soil. Jackson (T. P. Bailey).

ACUAN Medic.

Acuan Illinoense (Michx.) Kuntze (Desmanthus brachylobus
Benth.)
Open lands, more commonly on prairie soils. Pontotoc;
West Point; Greenwood; Jackson; Warren Co. July.
Geol. Survey Herb.

166 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

CERCIS L.

Cercis Canadensis L. Red Bud. Judas Tree.

Throughout the state in rich woods and along streams.
Tishomingo, Lafayette, Tunica, Chickasaw, Hinds, Warren,
Clarke, Jones, Smith Counties. March.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

CASSIA L.

Cassia occidentalis L. Coffee Senna.
A rather common weed about gardens and _ barnyards.
Starkville; Ciloxi (Tracy); Hinds Co. July.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Cassia tora L. (C. obtusifolia L.) Low Senna.
A weed found throughout the state in waste places. June-
August.

Cassia Marilandica L. Wild Senna.

A weed occurring throughout the state. Marshall Co.
July-August.

CHAMAECRISTA Greene. Sensitive Pea.

Chamaecrista fascicularis (Michx.) Greene. (Cassida cham-
aecrista L.) Partridge Pea. Large-flowered Sensitive Pea.
Throughout the state in open sunny places. West Point;
Oxford; Hinds, Copiah, Jories Counties. August-Sept.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Chamaecrista Missis-ippiensis (Pollard) Pollard. (Cassia Mis-
sippiensis Pollard.)
Dry sandy edges of fields near the coast. (Mohr.)

Chamaecrista chamaecristoides (Colladon) Greene (Cassia de-
pressa Pollard.)

Damp shaded banks. Biloxi (Tracy). August.

Chame2ecrista Tracyi Pollard. Sea Beach Sensitive Pea.
Along the coast. (Small.)

Chamaecrista multipinnata (Pollard) Greene. (Cassia multi-
pinnata Pollard.) Many-leaved Sensitive Pea.
Shady banks and edges of fields. Biloxi (Tracy.) August.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 167

Chamaecrista robusta (Pollard) Pollard. (Cassia chamaecrista
Torr. & G.) Sensitive Pea.
Open borders of woods; coastal islands. (Tracy. )

Chamaecris‘a nictitans (l.) Moench. (Cassia nictitans L.)

Wild Sensitive Pea.
Throughout the state; edges of woods and old fields; more

common southward. July-August.
GLEDITSIA L. Honey Locust.

Gleditsia triacanthos L. ;
Throughout the state. Tishomingo, Chickasaw, Warren

counties. May.
Allison Herbarium.

Gleditsia monosperma Walt. (G. aquatica Marsh.) Water Lo-

cust.
Low alluvial ground. Tunica; Yazoo City; West Point.
Geol. Survey Herb.

BAPTISIA Vent. False Indigo.

Baptisia alba (L.) R. Br.
Open prairie soil. Jackson (T. P. Bailey). May.

Baptisia leucantha (Torr & Gray).
Rather common on prairies and open lands. Oxford;
Tishomingo Co.; Amory; West Point; Hattiesburg. May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

CROTALARIA L. Rattle Box.

Crotalaria rotundifolia (Walt.) Poir. (C. ovalis Pursh.)
Round-Leaf Rattle Box. Dry, sandy open soil. Meadville;
Lost Gap; Hurley; Gulfport; Bay St. Louis; Coastal Islands

(Tracy). June.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Crotalaria sagittalis L. Common Rattle-Box.
Sandy soil. Common throughout the state. Lafayette,
Montgomery, Hinds, Marion (Hilg. Ms.) and Hancock counties.

July.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

168 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Crotalaria Purshii DC. Pursh’s Rattle Box.
Damp pine barrens, more common near the coast. Winona,
Jackson; McHenry; Landon; Gulfport (T. P. Bailey) ; Biloxi;
Bay. St. Louis; Coastal Islands. April and May.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.
LUPINUS L. Lupine.
Lupinus gracilis Nutt. (lL. perennis gracilis Chapm.) Nut-
all’s Lupine. .
Dry, sandy pine barrens toward the coast. (Mohr.) April.
Lupinus diffusus Nutt. Spreading Lupine.
Sandy pine ridges in the lower counties (Mohr). May and
June.

Lupinus villosus Willd. Hairy Lupine.
Lower pine barrens. Wayne County. May.

MEDICAGO L.

Medicago denticulata Willd. Toothed Medick. (Int.)
Naturalized throughout the state, sparingly. Bay St.
Louis.
; Allison Herbarium.
Medicago maculata Sibth. (M. Arabica L.) All. Spotted Burr
Clover: -Cuits)

Naturalized, throughout the state; most common on lime-
stone soil. Oxford; Natchez; Starkville (Tracy). Mareh-
April.

Geol. Survey Herb.
Medicago sativa L. lLucern. Alfalfa. (Int.)
Escaped from cultivation locally in limey soils. May.
MELILTOUS Juss. Sweet Clover,

Melilotus alba Desr. White Melilotus.
Common on white limey prairie soils, especially in north-

east Mississippi, along roadsides, ditches, and limestone bluffs.
May-June.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 169

Melilotus Indica All. M. parviflora Desf.)
Prairie region (Mohr.) May-June.

MELILOTUS Juss. Sweet Clover.

Trifolium reflexum L. Buffalo Clover.
Open woods and pastures; prairies. Tishomingo Co.
April-May.
Allison-Herb.

Trifolium Carolinianum \ic!ix. Wild White Clover.
Open fields and pastures. Starkville (Traey.) Mareh-
April.

Trifolium pratense I. Red Clover.
(Int.) Eseaped from cultivation throughout the state;
more frequent in the hmey soil of the prairies. May.

Trifolium arvense L. Rabbit-Foot Clover.

(Int.) Dry light soi! along roadsides, in old fields, and
yards. Holly Springs. Summer.

Geol. Survey Herb.

Trifolium repens L. \\ ite Clover.

(Int.) Eseaped | eultivation commonly throughout
the state, along roadsi‘' in pastures, and waste places gen-

erally. April-June.

Trifolium procumbens ! Yellow Clover.
Common in the nori!:::n counties in pastures and moist
open ground. May-Jun Lafayette, Tishomingo counties.

Allison Herb.

PSOR A \ L. Psoralea.

Psoralea pedunculata (\!') Vail (P. melilotoides Michx.)

Common in open tic’ ind banks throughout the state,
most common northw Oxford; Newton; Hattiesburg.
June.

Geol. Survey Herb.

Psoralea simplex Nutt.
Wet grassy banks in ern counties (Mohr.) June.

170 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

AMORPHA L. False Indigo.
Amorpha fruticosa L.
Throughout the state on low, shady stream banks. LEast-
port; Greenwood; Gulfport; Bay St. Louis. April-May.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

KUHNISTERA Lam. Prairie Clover.

Cuhnistera candida (\Willd.) Kuntze (Petalostemon candidus
Michx.) White Prairie Clover.
“ommon in the prairie regions; less so on lighter soils.
ickson; Oxford. June.
Geol. Survey Herb.
iubn's era purpurea (Vent.) MacMilan (Petalostemon viola-
ceus Michx. Purple Prairie Clover.
Usually on prairie soils; not common. Jackson; Green-

vood. July-September.

Geol. Survey Herb.

“vbnistera pinna‘a (Walt.) Kuntze (Petalostemon corymbosus
iichx.) Pime-Barren Prairie Clover.
Dry, sandy pine barrens near the coast. Mississippi City.
July-September.
Geol. Survey Herb.
INDIGOFFERA L.

Indigofera Caroliniana Walt. Wild Indigo.
Coastal Islands (Tracy.) June.

CRACCA L. Hoary Pea.

“racca Virginiana L. (Tephrosia Virginiana Pers.)
Over the state in dry open upland woods. Tishomingo
County; Lost Gap; Oxford; Jackson. June.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Cracca spicata (Walt.) Kuntze (Tephrosia spicata Torr &
ray.) Hairy Devil’s Shoestring
Dry, open sandy woods. Throughout the state, but more

common southward. Lost Gap; Jackson. June-August.
Geol. Survey Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS L(t

Cracca ambigua (Curtis) Kuntze.
Dry pine lands in the southern counties (Small).

Cracca hispidula (Michx.) Kuntze (Tephrosia hispidula Pers.)

In pine barrens region (Mohr). June-Sept.

Cracca chrysophylla (Pursh.) Kuntze. (Tephrosia chrysophylla
Pursh. )
Sandy pine barrens, to the coast Bay St. Louis. July.
Allison-Herb.
KRAUNHIA Raf. Wisteria.
Kraunhia frutescens (l.) Greene (Wisteria frutescens Poir.)
American Wisteria.
Throughout the state along streams. Tishomingo Co.;
Columbus; New Albany; Oxford; Jackson. May-July.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

ROBINIA L. Locust.

Robinia pseudacacia L. Black Locust.
Rich shaded woods and slopes; often forms thickets in old
fields and open grounds. May.
Robinia hispida L. Purple Locust.
robably escaped from cultivation. Oxford. May.
ASTRAGALUS L. Milk Vetch.
Astragalus Carolinianus L. (A. Canadensis L.) Carolina Milk
Vetch.
Rich slopes, edges of woods. Northern counties. Ox-
ford; Yazoo City. May.
. Geol. Survey Herb.
Astragalus distortus Torr & Gray.
Dry soil (Small). Spring and Summer.
GLOTTIDIUM Desv.
Glottidium vesicarium (Jacq.) Desv. (Sesbania vesicaria Ell.)
Low moist ground bordering sireams and maishes. July-
August.

172 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

_. SESBAN Adans.

Sesban macrocarpum Muhl. Long-Leaf Sesban.

Low, damp, open ground in the southern half of the state;
Werren, Hinds, Jasper, Hancock counties; Coastal Island
(Tracy). Sept.-October.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
DAUBENTONIA DC.
Daubentonia longifolia (Cav.) DC. (Aeschynomene longifolia
Cav.)

Low ground along the coast. Biloxi; Bay St. Louis. June.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

AESCHYNOMENE L. Sensitive Jcinted Vetch.

Aeschynemene Virginica (L.) B.S. P. (A. hispida Willd.)

Coastal plain marshes and low grounds. Hancock Co.;
Coastal! Islands August.

Geol. Survey Herb.
Aeschynomene viscidula Michx.
Coastal Islands (Tracy). July.

STYLOSANTHES Sw. Pencil Flower.
Stylosanthese biflora (L.) B.S. P. (S. elatior Sw.)
Over the state in dry light soil. Tippah, Lafayette, Hinds,
Newton counties; Bay St. Louis. June July.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.
Stylosanthes riparia Kearny.
Along the coast. Biloxi (Tracy). July.
ZORNIA Gmel.
Zornia bracteata (Walt.) Gmel. (Z. tetraphylla Michx.) Bract-
ed Zornia.

Dry sands near the coast. Bay St. Louis; Petit Bois Island.
July.

Geol. Surv. Herb

Now IT] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 173

MEIBOMIA Adans. Tick Trefoil; Beggar Tick.

Meibomia nudiflors (1..) '<v itze. (Desmodium nudiflorum DC.)
Naked-Stemmed Beever Vick.
Throughout the state .n shaded uplands. Oxford; Madi-
son; southern Hinds Co.; Fay St. Louis. July-August.
xeol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Meibomia sessilifolia (Torr.) Kuntze (Desmodium sessilifolia
Torr & Gray.)
In open woods. Oxford. Spring and Summer.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Meibomia grandiflora (Walt.) Kuntze (Desmodium acumina-

tum DC.) lLarge-Flowered Beggar Tick.
Over the state in rich wovods. Oxford; Ripley. July-Aug.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Meibomia pauciflora (Nutt.) Wuntze, (Desmodium pauci-
florum DC.). Few-flowered Tick Trefoil.
my

Shaded rich woods. Grenada; Toomsuba. June-July.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Meibomia arenicola Vail (Desmodium lineatum DC.) Striped
Tick Trefoil.
Dry sandy soil toward the coast. Ocean Springs (Tracy) ;
Ship Island. Sept.-October.
Geol. Survey Herb.

Meibomia Michauxii Vail. (Desmodium rotundifolium DC.)
Round-Leaf Tick Trefoil.
Dry soil in open woodlands, especially the pine barrens.
August-October.

Meibomia stricta (Pursh.) Kuntze (Desmodium strictum DC.)

Erect Tick Trefoil.
Common in pine barrens to the coast. Biloxi (Tracy).

Meibomia canescens (L.) Kuntze, (Desmodium canescens DC.)
Hoary Tick Trefoil.
In open shady forests, especially in sandy soil. Lafayette
and Hinds counties; Vicksburg (Tracy.) August-Sept.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

174 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Meibomia bracteosa (Michx.) Kuntz, (Desmodium cuspidatum
Hook.) Bracted Tick Trefoil.
Dry, thin upland soils. Oxford. September.

Meibomia viridiflora (L.) Kuntze, (Desmodium viridiflorum
Beck.) Green-Flowered Tick Trefoil.
In light, moist woodland soils. Oxford, Bay St. Louis.
July-September.
Allison Herb.

Meibomia laevigata (Nutt.) Kuntze, Desmodium laevigatum
DC.) Smooth Tick Trefoil.
Southern counties (Hilg. Rep.) August-September.
Meibomia Marilandica (L. Kuntze, (Desmodium Marilandicum
Boott. )
Central and south Mississippi (Hilg.Rep.) August-Sept.
LESPEDEZA Michx.
Lespedeza repens Bart. (L.) (L. prostrata Ell.) Creeping Les-
pedeza.
Perhaps distributed over the state. Starkville (Tracy.)
June.
Lespeceza procumbens Michx. Trailing Lespedeza.

Dry soil on borders of fields. Reported in Hilg. Rep. Sept.

Lespedeza violacea (.) Pers. (Hedysarum violaceum-L.)
Open woods and _ copses. Lawrence Co. (Hilg.Ms.) ;
Starkville (T September.

Lespedeza stuvei angustifolia Britton.
Probably found in the southern counties. August.
Lespetiera, frutescens (L.) Britton (Hedysarum frutescens L.)
DGush Clover.
Open uplands; more common in old fields of light sandy
soil. Seooba: Oxford.’ October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 175

Lespedeza Virginica (L.) Britton (L. reticulata Pers.) Virginia
Bush Clover.
Sandy and gravelly copses. Jones Co. (Allison); Biloxi
(Tracy).
Allison-Herb.
Lespedeza hirta (L.) Ell. (L. polystachya Michx.) Bristly Bush
Clover.
Dry, barren soil, mostly of old fields. Oxford; Bay St.
Louis.. July.
Lespedeza capitata Michx. (UL. frutescens Ell.) - White Bush
Clover.
Old frelds and copses in dry soils. Bay St. Louis. June-
Sept
Allison-Herb.
Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Hook. Lespedeza. Japanese Clover.
(Int.) Waste lands throughout the state. All summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

VICIA L. Vetch.

Vicia Texana (Torr and Gray) Small, (Vicia Caroliniana Tex-
ana T. & G.) Texas Vetch.
Open lands and prairies (Small). Spring and summer.

Vicia Caroliniana Walt. (V. parviflora Michx.) White-flowered
Vetch.
Open rich woods. Tishomingo and Lafayette counties;
Jackson; Morton. April.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Vicia micrantha Nutt. Small-Flowered Vetch.
Calcareous soil in open woods and damp fields. Jackson.
April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Vicia hirsuta (L.) Koch, (Vicia Mitchellii Raf.) Hairy Vetch.
Escaped from cultivation. Starkville (Tracy.) May.

Vicia Ludoviciana Nutt. Louisiana Vetch. Deer Pea.
Rich damp grassy places (Mohr). April

i76 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Vicia <ativa L. Common Vetch.
Edges of fields, hedgerows, pastures, and waste places.
Very common. Oxford; Jackson; Bay St. Louis. April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
BRADBURYA Raf. Butterfly Pea.
2 Tada a Virginiana (L.) Kuntze, (Centrosema Virginiana
lbenth.
ic: dcrs of woods and dry open fields. Oxford; Jackson;
iay St. Louis. *
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.
CLITORIA L. Butterfly Pea.

Clitoria Mariana L. Maryland Butterfly Pea.
Open moist lands over the State. Pontotoc; West Point;
Lost Gap; Oxford; Jackson; Bay St. Louis. Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
FALCATA Geml.

Faleata comosa (l.) Kuntze,, (Amphicarpa monoica Ell.) Hog
Peanut.

Damp rich soil in thickets and open woods. Oxford;
Charleston. September.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

APIOS Moench. Groundnut.

‘yois apois (L.) MeMillan (A. tuberosa Moench). Groundnut.
Oxford; Hinds Co.; Collins; Hattiesburg; Bay St. Louis.
tuly-September.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
ERYTHRINA L.

ythrina herbacea L. Coral Plant.

Southern half of the state in dry open woods. Jackson:

| jica; Hattiesburg; Woodville; Meadville; Moss Point. May.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 17

~

VIGNA Savi.

Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth. (V. glabra Savi). Sand Pea.
Bordering streams and brackish marshes near the coast.
Bay St. Louis (Allison) ; Petit Bois Island.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

DIOCLEA H. B. K.
Dioclea multiflora (Torr & Gray) (D. Boykinii Gray), Boykin’s
Dioclea.
Rich shaded lowlands. Oxford; Leakesville; Warren-
tor: Holeomb. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

GALACTIA P.Br. Milk Pea.

Galactia regularis B. S. P. (G. glabella Michx.) Pine Barrens
Milk Pea.
In sandy pine lands to the coast (Tracy). July-Sept.

Galactia volubilis (L.) Britton (G. pilosa Ell.) Twining Mi)
Pea.
Sandy and light shady soil. Rocky Ford; Bay St. lo
Coastal Islands (Tracy). July.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison !

Galactia volubilis intermedia Vail (G. pilosa angustifolia
& Gray). Seaside Milk Pea.
Borders of streams and marshes, and marine inlets. Beac'
on Petit Bois Islands. August-September.
Geol. Surv. He:
Galactia erecta (Wilt.) Vail (G. sessiliflora Torr & Gray)
Erect Milk Pea.
Dry sandy pine barrens (Mohr). May-June.

PHASEOLUS L.

Phaseolus Polystachyus (L.) B.S. P. (P. perennis§ \):
Wild Bean.
Dry shady woods. Grenada; Bay St. Louis. July-Septe
ber.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Her!

178 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Phaseolus pauciflorus Benth. (Strophostyles pauciflorus S.
Wats.) Small Wild Bean.

Along rivers in Mississippi (Britton & Brown) ; Coast
(Tracy.) July-September.

Phaseclus helvolus L. (Strophostyles angulosa Ell.) Trailing
Wid Bean. Beach Bean.

Damp thickets of the interior, but most frequent on sand
flats of the beach. Oxford; Carrollton on sand flats of Big
Sandy; Jackson (T. P. Bailey) ; Biloxi; Bay St. Louis; Coastal
Islands (Tracy). July.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Phaseolus umbellatus (Muhl.) Britton, (Strophostyles pedun-
eularis Ell.) Fragrant Wild Bean.
Throughout the state. Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.; Gulf-
port; Biloxi (Tracy.) July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Pkaseolus simulatus Nutt.
Pine regions (Small.) Summer.

RHYNCHOSIA Lour.

Rhynchosia latifolia Nutt. Prairie Rhynchosia.
Dry soil. Oxford; Jackson. May-June.

Rhynchosia erecta (Walt.) DC. (R. tomentosa erecta Torr &
Gray) Erect Rhynchosia.
Lry open woods, most common in pine regions. Rocky
Ford; Meadville; Jones County. June-August.
Geol. Sury. Herb. Allison Herb.

Rhynchosia tomentosa (L.) Hook. & Arn. (R. difformis DC.)
Trailing Rhynchosia.
Dry open woods. Madison County Hilg. Rep.) Jackson
(T. P. Bailey) Southern Hinds County. September.
Rhynchosia simplicifolia (Walt.) Wood, (R. reniformis DC.)
tound-Leaf Rhynchosia.
Dry open sandy woodlands, most common in the southern
counties. Hinds Co.; Biloxi; Back Bay; Bay St. Louis (Alli-
son). May-June.

Geol. Surv. Herb

-

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS liy

Rhynchosia galactioides (Nutt.) Endl. (Pitcheria galactioides
Nutt.) Pine Barren Rhynchosia.
Dry sandy pine barrens. Leakesville. July-August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

GERANIACEAE. Geranium Family.
GERANIUM L. Cranesbill, or Geranium.

Geranium Carolinanum L. Common Cranesbill.

In cultivated and waste ground throughout the state; very
common. Tishomingo Co. (Allison) ; Oxford; Jackson. March-
April.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
Geranium maculatum L. Spotted Geranium, or Cranesbill.
Rich shaded slopes in the northern counties. Hastport;
Itawamba Co.; Ripley; Booneville; Pontotoc; Grenada; Ox-
ford; Jackson. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

OXALIDACEAE. Wood-Sorrell Family.
OXALIS L.

Oxalis stricta L. (O. corniculata stricta Sav.) Yellow Woo]
Sorrel.

Very common in open ground throughout the state. Tisho-
mingo Co. (Allison;) Oxford; Jackson; Bay St. Louis (Allison).
April-May.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb
Oxalis violacea L. Purple Wood Sorrel.

Throughout the state in damp open soil. Oxford; Jack-
son; Tishomingo Co. (Allison). Very common. April.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb

LINACEAE. Flax Family.
LINUM L. | Flax.
Linum Virginianum L. Wild Yellow Flax.

In open old fields, and waste lands. Jackson (T. LP
Bailey). April-May.

180 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Linum Floridanum (Planch). Trelease (lL. Virginianum Flori-
danum Planch.) Southern Yellow Flax.

Low demp pine barrens, and old fields with sendy soil. Ox-
ford: Grenada; Bay St. Louis (Allison); Coastal Islands
(Tracy). May.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison [ferb.

Linum usitatissium L. Common Flax.
Oecasional in waste places. Oxford. May-June.

RUTACEAE. Rue Family.
ZANTHOXYLUM L. Prickly Ash.

Zantuo>* ™ clava-herculis L. Southern Prickly Ash.
in rich camp soil of edges of woodlands in the southern
coun *ce; Ioecs bluffs at Vicksburg; limestone soils of Clarke

and Wz) ue counties; Bay St. Louis; Pascagoula. April.
A p
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

PTELEA L.

Ptelea trifoliata L. Hop Tree.
Shaded banks of streams. Oxford; Enterprise. (Rare).
May.

SIMARUBACEAE. Simbaruba Family.
AILANTHUS Desf.

Ailantkus glandulosus Desf. Tree of Heaven.
(Int. from China) Escaped from cultivation near old:set-
tlements. June.

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Caltrop, or Bean-Caper Family.
‘TRIBULUS L.

Tribulus tere tris L. Ground Bur-Nut.

Open waste places, and pastures in the southern counties.
In pastures becoming a veritable nuisance within the last few
years. Hinds Co.; Warren Co.; (Adv. from Europe.) Sum-
mer.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 181

KALLSTROEMIA Scop. Caltrop.

Yatls‘rcemia parviflora Norton.

In dry soil (Small.)

MELIACEAE. Pride of China Family.
MELIA L. Pride of China; Chinaberry Tree

Melia azedarach L.
Throughout the state around dwellings and waste grounds.
Once seen growing in deep swamp of Leaf River. March-
April. :

POLYGALACEAE. Milkwort Family.
POLYGALA L. Milkwort.

Polygala cymosa Walt. (P. corymbosa Michx.) Pine-barren

Milkwort.
Low wet pine barrens, and ponds near the coast. Leakes-
ville; Bay St. Louis; Picayune; Biloxi Back Bay. June-July.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Polygala ramosa Ell. (P. corymbosa Nutt.) Low-branched

Milkwort.
Wet pine barrens toward the coast. Marion and Jones
counties; Picayune; Bay St. Louis; Biloxi Back Bay. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Polygala lutea L. Yellow Milkwort.
Long-leaf pine region. Madison Co. (Hilg.Ms.); Wayne
Co.; Simpson Co.; Picayune; Biloxi Back Bay (Tracy). June-

July.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Polygala paludosa St. Hil. Swamp Milkwort.
Sandy soil. Spring and summer (Small.)

Polygala Baldwinii Nutt. Bladwin’s Milkwort.
Pine barren swamps (Small). Summer.

182 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Polygana nana (Michx.) DC. (P. lutea nana Michx.) Dwarf
Milkwort.

Pine barrens in southern counties to the coast. Menden-
hall: Waynesboro; Hattiesburg; Gulfport; Back Bay opposite
Biloxi; Bay St. Louis; Coastal Islands (Tracy). April-August.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Polygala cruciata L. Cross-Leaf Milkwort.
Damp open pine woods. Iuka; Oxford; DeKalb; Colum-
bia; Rankin Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ; Bay St. Louis June-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Polygala brevifolia Nutt. Short-Leaf Milkwort.
Damp, shaded soil near the coast. Wiggins. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Pelygala Hookerii Torr. & Gray (P. attenuata Hook.) Hook-
er’s Milkwort.
Damp pine barrens near the coast. Leakesville; Missis-
sippi City. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Polygala cetacea Michx. Slender Milkwort.
Low, damp, shaded pine barrens. Leakesville; Hurley;
Back Bay at Biloxi. Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Polyga'a Boykinii Nutt. Boykin’s Milkwort.

Damp shaded ground, chiefly in prairies. Columbus;
Jackson; Brookhaven; Hurley; Bay Springs in Smith Co. (in
limestone soil). June-August.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Polygala verticillata L. Worled-Leaf Milkwort.
Damp open soil throughout the state. Lafayette Co.;
Hancock Co. July-August.
Allison Herb.

'ygala ambigua Nutt. (P. verticillata ambigua Wood) Am-
biguous Milkwort.
Dry, sandy, or gravelly thickets. Booneville; Biloxi
(Tracy). June-July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 183

Polygala incarnata L. Naked-Stemmed Milkwort.

Damp, light sandy soil in open woods throughout the state.
Oxford; Yalobusha Co. (Hilg.Ms.); Madison Co.; Hinds Co.;
Moss Point; Bay St. Louis. May-September.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Polygala viridescens L. (P. sanguinea L.) Greenish-Flowered
Milkwort.
Dry woods over the state. Iuka; Houston (in Flatwoods) ;
Carroll Co.; Attala Co. (Hilg.Ms.); Coast (Tracy). July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Polygala mariana Mill. (P. fastigiata Nutt.) Maryland Milk-
wort.
Damp, grassy ground. Iuka; Grenada; Oxford; Hancock
Co. (Allison) ; Biloxi (Tracy). June.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Polygala Nuttallii Torr. & Gray. (P. sanguinea Nutt.) Nutt-
all’s Milkwort.
In low, damp pine lands. Winona; Laurel. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Polygala Chapmani Torr. & Gray. Chapman’s Milkwort.
Wet pine barrens (Mohr.) May-June.

Polygala polygama Walt. Polygamous Milkwort.
Flat grassy pine barrens. Landon. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

““lygala grandiflora Walt. (P. ;tbescens Muhl.) Large-Flow-
ered Milkwort.

Dry copses and borders of pine woods of the southern
counties. Lost Gap; Vosburg; Jackson; Hancock Co. (Alli-
son); Coastal Islands (Tracy). June-October.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Polygala Senega Ll. Seneca Snakeroot.
Madison County (Hilg.Ms.) Dry open woods. Spring.

Polygala leptostachys Shuttl.
Dry sandy soil. Lyman. Spring.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

184 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

EUPHORBIACEAE. Spurge Family.
CROTON L.

Croton capitatus Michx. Wooly Croton.
A common weed of pastures and waste places. Oxford;
Winona; Utica; Bay St. Louis. August-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Croton maritimus Walt. (C. punctatus Jacq.) Silver Leaf, or
Seaside Croton.
Dry, drifting sands near the coast. Bay St. Louis (Alli-
son); Coastal Islands. May.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Croton glandulosus L. Glandular Croton.
Dry sandy fields and waste places. Marion Co. (Hlg.
Ms.) ; Biloxi (Tracy); Bay St. Louis (Allison). August.
Allison Herb.

CROTONOPSIS Michx.

Crotonopsis linearis Michx.
Dry sandy soil. Lafayette Co.; Lawrence Co. (Hilg. Ms.).
August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ACALYPHA. Mercury.

Acalypha gracilens Gray (A. Virginica gracilens Muhl.) Slen-
der Three-Seeded Mercury.
Dry sandy soils, woods and waste places. Coast and
Coastal Islands (Tracy. )
Allison Herb.
TRAGIA L.
Tragia urens L. (T. innocua Walt.) Stinging Tragia.
Dry sandy soil in pine barrens. Bay St. Louis.
RICINUS L.

Ricinus communis L. Palma Christi. Castor Bean.

(Ady.) Seattered throughout the state near old home- —
steads.

ENG. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 185

JATROPHA L.

Jatropha stimulosa Michx. (J. urens stimulosa Mueil.) Spurge
Nettle. Bull Nettle.

Dry sandy pine barrens, southern counties to the coast.

Lost Gap; Jasper Co.; Hattiesburg; Lumberton; Cat Island
(Tracy). May-June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

STILLINGIA L.

Stillingia aquatica Chapm.
Low pine barrens marshes. Picayune. Summer.

Stillingia sylvatica L. Queen’s Delight.
Dry sandy soil, especially in the southern counties. Lost
Gap; Enterprise; Jasper Co. (Hilg.Ms.) April-June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

SEBASATIANA Spreng.

Sebastiana ligustrina Muell. (Stillingia ligustrina Michx.)
Shady stream banks. Jackson; Hattiesburg; Clarke Co.;
Tylertown; Bay St. Louis. May-June.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

EUPHORBIA lL. Spurge.

Euphorbia polygonifolia L. Seaside Spurge.

Drifting sands, and beaches along the coast and Coastal
Islands (Traey.) July-October.
Euphorbia cordifolia Ell. Heart-Leaf Spurge.

Littoral sands. Gulf Coast and Coastal Islands (Tracy.)
June-August.

Euphorbia humistrata Engelm. Low-Spreading Spurge.
Shady sandy, grassy soil. Oxford; Bay St. Louis; Ocean
Springs (Tracy); Horn Island. August-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Euphorbia maculata L. (E. thymifolia Pursh). Spotted Spurge.

Roadsides and waste places throughout the state. July-
Nov.

186 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Euphorbia nutans Lag. (~. >> ~<!11 Guss.) Field Spurge.
In fields and cultivatcd .:ounds throughout the state. Ox-
ford: Winona; Jackson.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge.
Throughout the state in open ground. Lafayette Co.;

Tishomingo Co.; Hinds Co.; Bay St. Louis (Allison). June-
October.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Euphorbia corollata angustifolia Ell. Narrow-Leaf Flower-
ing Spurge.
Dry up:and pine woods. ‘Tishomingo Co. July-August.

Euphorbia dictyosperma Fisch & Mey. (E. Arkansana Engelm.
& Gray). Arkansas Spurge.
Damp open pine lands and fields. Jackson. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Euphorbia prostrata Ait. Prostrate Spurge.
Sandy soil along the coast and Coastal Islands (Tracy.)

Euphorbia marginata Pursh. Large-Flowered Spurge.
Escaped from cultivation. Lafayette Co. June-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

CHAMAESYCES. F. Gray.
Chameasyce Tracyii Small.
Sandy plains (Small.) Summer.
TITHYMALOPSIS Oel. & Gareke.
Tithymalopsis olivacea Small (Euphorbia olivacea Small.) .._-
Sandy soil, northern Mississippi (Small). Summer.

Tithymalopsis apocynifolia Small. (Euphorbia apocynifolia
Small).
Sandy soil (Small.) Summer and fall.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 187

CALLITRICHACEAE. Water Starwort Family.
CALLITRICHE L. Water Starwort.

Callitriche Nuttallii Torr. (C. pedunculosa Nutt.) Nuttall’s
Water Starwort.
Damp open ground in the southern counties (Mohr). Feb.-
March.

EMPETRACEAE. Crowberry Family.
CERATIOLA Michx.

Ceratiola ericoides Michx. Heather-like Ceratiola.
Drifting sands along the coast and islands. Horn Island;
Cat Island. August-September.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

BUXACEAE. Box Family.
PACHYSANDRA Michx.

Pachysandra procumbens Michx. Mountain Spurge.
Rich shaded limestone slopes, northeast Mississippi; slopes
of Tennessee River near Eastport. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ANACARDIACEAE, Cashew Family.
RHUS L. Sumach.

Rhus copallina L. Dwarf Sumach.
Throughout the state, on dry sandy or rocky uplands.
Tishomingo Co.; Pontotoc; Oxford; Ripley; Jackson. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Rhus elabra L. Smooth Sumach.
Throughout the state on light soil. Tishomingo Co.; Pon-
totoe Co.; Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Rhus vernix L. (R. venenata DC.) Poison Sumach.
Perhaps throughout the state in shady swamps; not com-

mon. DeKalb; Newton; Bay St. Louis (Allison). May.
Allison Herb

188 MISSISSIPPI STATE CHEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Rhus hirta (L.) (Rhus t: plna L.) Staghorn Sumach.
Dry upland woods :nd borders of fields. A small tree
10-14 feet high. Hinds (o.; Martin (Tracy). June.

Rhus radicans L. (R. toxicodendron vulgare Michx.) Poison
Ivy. Poison Vine.
Throughout the state, climbing over trees. May.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Rhus toxicodendron L. (R. toxicondendron querifolium Michx. )
Poison Oak. .
On sandy upland soil. Tishomingo Co.; Oxford; Jack-
son; Hattiesburg; Montrose. April.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

CYRILLACEAE. Cyrilla Family.
CYRILLA L.

Cyrilla racemiflora L. Black Ti-ti. Leatherwood.
Borders of swamps and streams in the pine barrens. Hat-

tiesburg; Bay St. Louis. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

CLIFTONIA Banks.

Cliftonia monophylla (Lam.) Britton (C. ligustrina Spreng.)
ict
Pine barrens swamps. Biloxi (Tracy) ; Hancock Co. (Al-
lison); Landon; Hurley. March.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ILICACEAE. Holly Family.
ILEX L. Holly.

Ilex opaca Ait. Common Holly.
Throughout the state on rich wooded slopes and lowlands.
Tishomingo Co.; Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.; Warren Co. Apr.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 189

Tlex cassine Walt. (Ilex vomitoria Ait.) Yaupon.

Bordering low woods and copses in the southern counties.
{fattiesburg; McHenry; Bay St. Louis (Allison) ; Horn Island.
april.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
Tlex decidua Walt. (Ilex prinoides Ait.) Deciduous Holly.
Possum Haw.

Low wet woods and along streams. Tishomingo (Allison) ;
Benton Co. Hinds Co. March-April.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Ilex Caroliniana Walt. (I. ambigua Chapm.) Carolina Privet.
Sandy banks of streams of southern counties. Bay St.

Louis. April.
Allison Herb.

Tlex monticola Gray (I. montana Gray) Mountain Holly.

Damp rocky banks of brooks. Tishomingo Co. (found
only once.) April.

Ilex glabra (l.) Gray (Prinos glaber L.) Gall Berry. Ink Berry.
Forming thickets on low wet pine barrens toward the
coast—the so-called ‘‘gall-berry flats.’’ Landon; Biloxi; Bay
St. Louis. Marion and Jones Counties (Harper); Newton Co.
May.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
Tlex verticillata (L.) Gray (Prinos verticillatus L.) Winter
Berry.
Marshy springs and stream borders. Tishomingo Co.;
Lafayette Co.; Holmes Co. Very conspicuous and common in

late fall and winter. April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

CELASTRACEAE. Staff-Tree Family.
EUONYMUS IL. Strawberry Bush.

_Euonymus Americanus L. American Strawberry Bush. Burn-
ing Bush.

190 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Low damp thickets along streams, and bordering springs
and lakes. Lafayette Co.; Panola Co.; Grenada Co.; Hinds Co.;
Warren Co.; Jones Co. April.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. Wahoo. Burning Bush.
Rich, shaded slopes. Found only once on Pontotoe Ridge.
Poutotoe. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

STAPHYLEACEAE. Bladder Nut Family.
STAPHY LEAs
Staphylea trifoliata L. American Bladder Nut.

Moist shady borders of woods and thickets in the northern
counties. Lafayette Co.; Pontotoc Ridge near New Albany.
April.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

ACERACEAE. Maple Family.
ACER L. Maple.

Acer saccharum barbatum (Michx.) Trelease (A. barbatum
Michx.) Rock Maple. Sugar Maple.

On river bottoms and rich slopes in the northern counties.

Lafayette Co.; Grenada Co.; Pontotoc; Okolona; New Alba-

ny; Ripley.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Acer leucoderme Small. White Bark Maple.
Low lands along streams in the southern counties. Wayne
Co:

Acer Floridanum (Chapm.) Pax, (A. saccharium Floridanum
Chapm.) Florida Maple.

Rich slopes and low woodlands along streams; common
on Pontotoc Ridge near New Albany; Clarke Co.; Taylor;
Gloster.

Geol. Sury. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 191

Acer saccharinum L. (A. dasyecarpum Ehrh.) Silver Maple.
Rich alluvium along streams. Tishomingo Co.; Lafayette
Co.; Okolona; Hattiesburg.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Acer rubrum L. Red Maple.

Throughout the state on low lands bordering streams.
Tishomingo Co.; Lafayette Co.; Amite Co.; Bay St. Louis
(Allison).

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Acer Drummondii Hook & Arn. (A rubrum Drummondii Sarg.)
Drummond’s Red Maple.
River swamps; frequent on Mississippi and Yazoo River
bottoms (Mohr.) February.

Acer negundo L. (Negundo aceroides Moench.) Box Elder.
Low rich ground throughout the state. Tishomingo Co.;
Lafayette Co.; Chickasaw Co.; Hinds Co.; Warren Co. March.
Geol. Surv. Herh

AESCULACEAE. Horse Chestnut Family.
AESCULUS L. Buckeye.

Aesculus pavia L. Red Buckeye.

On rich slopes, edges of woods, and thickets throughout
the state. Oxford; Jackson; Clarke Co. ;, Wayne Co. March-
April.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Aesculus austrina Small.

Rich open woods with above species, low swamps of south-
ern counties. Jackson; common in Leaf River bottoms,
of Smith Co.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Aesculus octandra Marsh. (A. lutea Wang) Yellow Buckeye.
Rich wooded hillslopes. (Reported in Hilg. Ms.)
Aesculus glabra Willd. Fetid Buckeye.
Rich lowland limestone soil. Okolona; Starkville (Tracy).
May.

192 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

SAPINDACEAE. Soapberry Family.
SAPINDUS. L.

Sapindus marginatus Willd. Soapberry. Wild China.
Assigned doubtfully by Mohr to this state.

RHAMNACEAE. Buckthorn Family.
BERCHEMIA. Necker.

Berchemia scandens (Hill) Trelease (B. volubilis DC.) Rattan
Vine.

Low damp thickets and borders of woods. Not common in

the northern counties. Lafayette Co. (rare); Okolona;

West Point; New Albany; Hinds Co.; Warren Co.; Adams Co.

June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
RHAMNUS lL. Buckthorn.
Rhamnus Caroliniana Walt. (Frangula Gray). Indian Cherry. -
Yellow Wood.

Rich shaded hillslopes, especially in limey soils. Pontotoc
Ridge at New Albany; Sartartia on loess bluffs; Hinds Co.;
Copiah Co.; Clarke Co.; Amite Co.; Forrest Co. May.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
SAGERETIA. Brongn.
Sageretia minutiflora (Michx.) Trelease (Rhamnus minuti-
florus Michx.) Michaux’s Sageretia.
Gravelly and sandy exposed wooded banks (Mohr). Oct.
CEANOTHUS - L.
Ceanothus Americanus L. New Jersey Tea. Red Root.

Dry open woods and copses in the northern counties. Ox-

ford; Pontotoc; Lost Gap; Grenada; Ripley; Jackson; Mead-
ville. May-June.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 1b Je"

Ceanothus Americanus intermedius (Pursh.) Torr. & Gray,

(C. intermedus Pursh.) Lesser Ceanothus.
Dry sandy copses in the southern counties. Bay St. Louis.
Allison Herb.

BALSAMINACEAE. Basalm, or Impatiens Family.
IMPATIENS L. Touch-Me-Not. Jewel Weed.

Impatiens biflora Walt. (I. fulva Nutt.) Spotted Touch-me-not.
Common around marshy, shaded springs and brooksides.
Eastport; Ripley; Oxford; Taylor; Vicksburg; Rosetta.

June-July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

VITACEAE. Vine Family. Grape Family.
PARTHENOCISSUS Planch

Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. (Ampelopsis quin-
quefolia Michx.) Virginia Creeper.
Throughout the state on lowlands. Lafayette, Hinds, Tish-
omingo counties. May-June.
Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

AMPELOPSIS Michx.

Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Rusby (Cissus bipinnata Nutt.) Pep-
peridge. Kentucky Vine.

Copses and borders of woods, mostly in the loess region.
Planted for ornament. Okolona; Rankin Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ;
Hinds Co.; Warren Co.; Jefferson Co.; Ocean Springs
(Tracy). June.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Ampelopsis cordata Michx. (Cissus ampelopsis Pars.) Heart-
Leaf Cissus.

Common in thickets and edges of springs in the southern
counties. Hinds Co.; Warren Co.; Claiborne Co.; less com-
mon eastward.

Geol. Sur. Herb.

194 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

VITIS L. Grape.

Vitis aestivalis Michx. Summer Grape.
Throughout the state on rich wooded slopes and low
gerounds. Coastal Islands (Tracy).

Vitis cinerea Engelm. Downy Grape.

Low damp thickets on banks of streams. Tishomingo Co.
Allison Herb.

Vitis cordifolia Michx. Winter Grape.

Rich slopes in the more northern counties. Oktibbeha Co.
(Tracy) ; Warren Co.

Vitis vulpina L. (Vitis riparia Michx.) Riverside Grape. Pos-
sum Grape.

In rich soil along river banks. Copiah Co.; Ocean Springs
(Tracy). June.

Vitis rotundifolia Michx. (V. vulpina Torr. & Gray). Musca-
dine. Bullace Grape.

In light, especially dry, sandy soil throughout the state.
Tishomingo county; Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.; Franklin Co.
May-June.

Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.
Vitus labrusca L. Fox Grape. Plum Grape.

In thickets on low ground. Oxford; Jackson (T. P. Bail-
ey.)

Geol. Sur. Herb.
TILIACEAE. Linden Family.

Tilia Americana L. Basswood. Linden.
Low rich woods along streams. Waynesboro.

Tilia pubescens Ait.
Low rich woods. Lafayette Co.; Warren Co.; Hatties-
burg; Liberty. April-May.
Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.
(The tilias of Mississippi are in confusion. There may be
more than two species. Dr. Sargent has‘lately given them at-

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS Is

tention, and will, it is hoped, soon publish the results of his
studies. )

MALVACEAE. Mallow Family.
ABUTILON. Gaertn.

Abutilon abutilon (LL) Rusby (A. avicennae Gaertn.) Indian
Mallow. Velvet Leaf.
Ruderal about farmyards, gardens and waste grounds.
Marshall county; Lafayette Co. June-September.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

MODIOLA. Moench. Mallow.

Modiola Caroliniana (L.) Don (M. multifida Moench.) Caro-
lina Mallow.
A common weed, roadsides, pastures, and waste places.
May-July.

CALLIRRHOE. Nutt. Poppy Mallow.

Callirrhoe papaver (Cav.) Gray (Malva papaver Cav.) Purple
Poppy Mallow.
Light sandy soils of the southern counties. Meridian; El-
lisville; Hattiesburg; Shubuta; Lumberton. August.
Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

Callirrhoe alceoides (Michx.) Gray (Sida aleceoides Michx.)
Pale Poppy Mallow.
Light shaded upland soil. Oxford. August.

Callirrhoe triangulata (Leav.) Gray (Malva triangulata Leav-
enworth) Triangular-Leaf Mallow.
Rich shady sandy soil of southeast Mississippi. Lost Gap.
June-July.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

SIDA L.

Sida spinosa L. Spiney Sida.
A common weed in cultivated ground and waste places.
Oxford; Starkville (Tracy); Hinds Co.; Claiborne Co.;
Coastal Islands (Tracy). June.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

196 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Sida rhombifolia L. Rhomb-Leaf Sida.
Dry pastures and waste lands. Biloxi (Tracy). May.

Sida Elliottii Torr. & Gray (Sida gracilis Ell.) Elliott’s Sida.
Light dry soil, open copses in the southern counties
(Mohr). June-August.

HIBISCUS L. Rose Mallow.

Hibiscus aculeatus Walt. (Hibiscus scaber Michx.) Rough Rose
Mallow.
Grassy pine barrens toward the coast. Bay St. Louis (Al-
ison) ; Picayune; Gulfport. July.
Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

Hibiscus moscheutos L. Swamp Rose Mallow.
Borders of swamps and marshes throughout the state. Ox-
ford; Greenwood; Grenada; Vicksburg; Durant; Bay St.
Louis (Allison). June-July. -
Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

Hibiscus grandiflorus Michx. Great-Flowered Rose Mallow.
Marshes, chiefly near the coast (Small). Spring to fall.

Hibiscus militaris Cav. (H. Virginicus Walt.) Halbert-Leaf
Rose Mallow.
Low banks of steams and shaded depressions. Houston;

Tehula; Grenada. June.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Hibiscus syriacus L. Althea.
Sparingly escaped from cultivation in the southern coun-
ties. Hinds Co.; Rankin Co. Summer.

KOSTELETZKYA Presl. Virginia Kosteietzkya.

Kosteletzkya Virginica (L.) Gray (Hibiscus Virginicas L.)
Fresh and brackish marshes alone the coast. Bay St.
Louis. June-August.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Kosteletzkya altheaefolia Gray. Althea-Leaf Kosteletzkya.
Salt marshes along the coast (Mohr).

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 197

THEACEAE. Tea Family.

Gordonia lasianthus L. Loblolly Bay.
Wooded swamps near the coast. Bay St. Louis. June.
Allison Herb.

STEWARTIA L.

Stewartia malacodendron L. S. Virginica Cav.) Virginia
Stewartia. |
Rich wooded slopes and lowlands in the southern counties.

Monticello; Hattiesburg; Meadville; Rosetta. May.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

STERCULIACEAE. Sterculia Family.
MELOCHIA L.

Melochia corchorifolia L. (M. hirsuta Chapm.) Hirsute Melo-
chia.
Adevntive from the tropics. Biloxi (Tracy). July.

HYPERICACEAE. St. Johnswort Family.
ASCYRUM. St. Peterswort.

Ascyrum amplexicaule Michx. (A. tetrapilalum Lam.) Vail.
Damp sands near the coast. Hurley. Summer.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Ascyrum cuneifolium Chapm Wedge-Leaf St. Peterswort.
Low pine barrens. Coastal Islands (Tracy). June-Sept.

Ascyrum multicaule Michx. (A. Crux-Andreae L.) St. An-
drew’s Cross.
Open woods and eopses. Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.; War-
ren Co.; Bay St. Louis (Allison). July.
Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

Ascyrum stans Michx. (A. hypericoides L., in part).

Damp open woods in the southern counties Biloxi
(Tracy) ; Waynesboro; Bay St. Louis (Allison) ; Madison Co.
(Hilg. Ms.). Summer.

Allison Herb.

198 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Ascyrum hypericoides L. (A. Crux Andreae angustofoliun
Nutt.) Southern St. Peterswort.
Sandy pine woods and thickets. Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.;
Bay St. Louis (Allison). July.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Ascyrum pumilum Michx. Dwarf St. Peterswort.
Light dry soil in the southern pine belt. Back Bay oppo-
site Biloxi. April.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

HYPERICUM L. St. Johnswort.

Hpericum prolificum L. Shrubby St. Johnswort.
Dry, light rocky ‘soil. Rankin Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ; Chunky.
June.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Hypericum myrtifolium Lam. (H. glaucum Michx.) Pale St.
Johnswort.
Low wet pine barrens near the coast Moss Point. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Hypericum fasciculatum Lam. (H. nitidum Lam.) Tall Narrow-
Leaved St. Johnswort.
Wet margins of pine barren streams. Biloxi (Tracy).
July.
Hypericum aspalathoides Willd. Short-Leaf St. Johnswort.
Wet pine barrens near the coast. Waynesboro; Picayune.
August.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Hypericum galioides Lam. Glossy St. Johnswort.
Pine barrens southern counties. Hurley. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Hypericum galliodes pallidum Mohr. (H. galioides ambiguum
Chapm. )
Shaded swamps in the pine barrens (Mohr). June-Sept.
Hypericum cistifolium Lam. (H. nudiflorum Michx.) Cistus-
Leaf St. Johnswort.
3orders of alluvial swamps. Bay St. Louis. June.
Allison Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 199

Hypericum opacum Torr. & Gray (H. cistifolium Wats.)
Opaque -Leaved St. Johnswort.
Low wet pine barrens bordering swamps. Bay St. Louis.
May.

Hypericum virgatum acutifolium (Ell.) Coulter (H. acutifoli-
um Michx.) Angular-Stemmed St. Johnswort.

Low pine forests (Hilg. Ms.). July.

Hypericum pilosum Walt. (H. simplex Michx.) Hoary St.’
Johnswort.

Wet sandy soil in the pine barrens. Bay St. Louis. July.
Allison Herb.

Hypericum maculatum Walt. (H. corymbosum Muhl.) Spotted
St. Johnswort.
Throughout the state, bordering fields and thickets. Mad-
ison Co. (Hilg. Ms.); Oxford; West Point. June.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Hypericum mutilum L. Smaller St. Johnswort.

Wet shaded places along ditches and brooks throughout
the state. Lafayette Co.; Union Co.; Hinds Co.; Madison
Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ; Warren Co.; Bay St. Louis. June.

Geol. Sur. Herb.

Hypericum gymnanthum Engelm. & Gray. Bare-Flowered St.
Johnswort.
Exposed wet soil near the coast. Biloxi (Tracy). May.

Hypericum Drummondii Torr. & Gray. Drummond’s St.
Johnswort.
Dry open soil. Rankin Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ; Amite Co. (All-
son); Cat Island (Tracy). September.

Hypericum gentianoides (L.) B. S. P. (Sarothra genianoides
L.) Orange Grass. Pine Weed.

Over the State in sandy open lands. Coastal Islands (Tra-

ey);Waveland; Bay St. Louis (Allison: Siep Island.

July-October.
: Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

200 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Buli.

Hypercium perforatum L.
Moist shaded ground. Oxford; Hinds Co.
Gecl. Sur. Herb.

TRIADENUM Raf.

Triadenum petiolatum Walt. (Elodes petiolata Pursh.) Marsh
St. Johnswort.
Edges of marshes and swamps. Rankin Co. (Hilg. Ms.).
July.

Triadenum Virginicum (L.) Raf. (Elodes campanulata Pursh.)
Virgina Marsh St. John’s Wort.
Low wet places, perhaps throughout the state. Oxford;
Taylorsville; Bay St. Louis. July.
Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

CISTACEAE. Rock Rose Family.
HELIANTHEMUM Pers.

Helianthemum arenicola Chapm. Seaside Rock Rose.
Drifting sand near the seashore (Mohr). April-May.

Helianthemum Georgianum Chapm. Georgia Rock Rose.
Open sandy hillsides. Along the coast (Dr. T. P. Bailey) ;
Coastal Islands (Tracy). May-June.

Helianthemum corymbosum Michx. CorymbedRock Rose.
Dry sands near the coast. Coastal Islands (Tracy). April.

Helianthemum rosamarinifolium (Pursh).
Dry sandy banks (Mohr). August.

Helianthemum Carolinianum (Walt) Michx. (Cistus Carolinia-
nus Walt.) Carolina Rock Rose.
Dry sandy soil. Oxford; Carrollton. March,
Geol. Sur. Herb.

LECHEA IL. Pinweed.

Lechea minor L. (Ul. thymifolia Michx.) Thyme-Leaved
Lechea.
Light sandy soil in the coastal regions. Coastal Islands
(Tracy). August.

INOW Aa FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 201

Lechea villosa Ell. (L. major Michx.) Hairy Pinweed.
Dry thin soil. Hinds Co.; Cat Island (Tracy). May.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Lechea tenuifolia Michx. Narrow-Leaf Pinweed.
Dry, open, sterile soil throughout the state. Oxford;
Hinds Co. September.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Lechea Torreyi Leggett (lL. racemulosa Hook.) Torrey’s Pin-
weed.

Dry sands along the coast. Horn Island (Mohr). June.

VIOLACEAE. Violet Family.
VIOLA L. Violet.

Viola pedata L. Bird’s Foot Violet.

Dry open copses, mostly in upland regions of sandy soil.
Seems never to be found in loess regions. Tishomingo Co.;
sandy uplands of Attala Co.; eastern Lafayette Co.; Tippah
Co.; in flatwoods near Scooba, Neshoba Co.; dry clay soils of
Seott Co. April-May.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Viola pedata bicolor Pursh. Bi-Colored Bird’s Foot Violet.
This variety has been found in Mississippi only in sandy

uplands of northeastern Tippah county. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Viola palmata L. Blue Wood-Violet.

In open woods throughout the state. The commonest up-
land violet in the loess region. Oxford; Hinds Co.; Tisho-
mingo Co; Carrollton; Woodville; Meadville; Ocean Springs

' (Tracy). May.
Geol. Sur. Herb.
Viola vicinalis Greene. Large-Flowered Violet.

Common in the dry pine barrens. Jones Co.; Bay St.

Louis (Allison); Biloxi (Tracy). April-May.

202 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Viola Carolina Greene. Carolina Wood Violet. Wek

Dry ground (Small). Oxford (Dr. T. P. Bailey); Vicks-
burg; Woodville. March.

Allison Herb.
Viola papilionacea Pursh. (V. cucullata Le Conte) Common
Wood Violet. 2 |

Common throughout the state, Lafayette Co.; Benton
Co.; Tishomingo Co.; Chickasaw Co.; Hinds Co. March-
April. :

Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.
Viola villosa Walt. (V. cucullata eordata Gray). Soft Hairy
Wood Violet.

Common on damp low shaded soil. Pontotoe Co.; Carroll
Co.; Hinds Co.; Wayne Co; Jones Co.; Forrest Co. March-
April.

Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.
Viola sagittata Ait. Arrow-Leaved Violet. '

Dry open woods, usually light soil. Philadelphia; Morton;
Forest. — April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Viola primulaefolia L. Primrose-Leaved Violet.

Damp, sour soil, usually in sandy regions. Calhoun Co.
(Hilg. Ms.) ; Tishomingo Co.; Wayne Co.; Jones Co.; Jack-
son; Hattiesburg; Landon. April-May.

Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.
Viola primulaefolia australis Pollard. Southern Primrose-
Leafed Violet.

Seems confined mostly to the southern pine belt. Bay St.
Louis. April.
Allison Herb.

Viola lanceolata L. Lance-Leaf Violet.

Low wet places in the southern counties. Chunky; Leakes-
ville. April.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 203

Viola pubescens Ait. (V. Pennsylvanica Michx.) Downy Yel-
low Violet.
Rich, shaded limestone soils in the northeastern counties.
Base of limestone bluffs near Eastport; Houston. April.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Viola multicaulis (Torr. & Gray) Britton (V. canina multicau-
lis Gray). Branched Violet.

Shaded bank.s Starkville (Tracy). April.

Viola Langloisii Greene. Langlois’s Violet.
Moist woods (Small). Oxford (Dr. T. P. Bailey). April.

Viola Rafinesquii Greene (V. tenella Raf.) Wild Pansy.
Tishomingo Co. (Allison) ; Oxford; Old Rockport. March-
April. ; ae,
Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

CUBELIUM Raf.

Cubelium concolor (Forst.) Raf. (Solea concolor Ging.) Green
Violet.
Rich shaded limestone soil in northeastern counties. East-
port; Pontotoc Ridge near New Albany. May.

PASSIFLORACEAE. Passion Flower Family.
PASSAFLORA L. Passion Flower

Passiflora incarnata L. Maypop. Common Passion Flower.
.. Very Common in old fields and waste places throughout

the state. May.
: Geol. Sur. Herb.

Passifiora lutea L. Yellow Passion Flower.
In low moist thickets throughout the state. Oxford; Taylor;
Hinds Co.; Warren Co.; Forest; Bay St. Louis... June:

‘ae Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

204 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

CACTACEAE. Cactus Family.
OPUNTIA Mill. Prickly Pear.

Cpuntia humifusa Raf. (O. Rafinesquii Engelm.) Rafinesque’s
Prickly Pear.
Throughout the state near dewllings and pastures. Not
very common. Oxford. April-May.
Opuntia opuntia (L.) Coult. (O. vulgaris Mill.) Common Prick-
ly Pear.
In dry sandy soil throughout the state. Coastal Islands
(Tracy). May.

Opuntia pes-corvi Le Conte. Crow-Foot Cactus.
Drifting sands along the coast (Mohr); Coastal Islands
(Tracy). April-May.

THYMELEACEAE. Mezereum Family.

DIRCA L. Moose-Wood.

Dirca palustris L. Leatherwood.
Rich wooded slopes. Reported in the state by Wailes
(Agri. and Geol. of Mississippi. B. L. C. Wailes. 1854).

LYTHRACEAE. Loosestrife Family.
ROTALA L.

Rotala ramosior L. Koehne (Ammannia ramosior L.) Branched
Rotala.

Lowlands, and bordering ditches. Rankin Co. (Hilg. Ms.).
July.
AMANNIA UL.

- Ammannia coccinea Rottb. (A. latifolia Torr. & Gray). Sear-
let Ammannia. k

Wet lowland fields and waste places. Hinds Co.; War-
ren Co. August.

LYTHRUM UL. Loosestrife.

Lythrum alatum Pursh. Wing-Stemmed Loosetrife.
Amory; Scooba; Grenada; Rosetta; Madison Co. (Hil.

Nori FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 205

Ms.) ; Bay St. Louis (Allison). August.
Allison Herb.

Lythrum lineare L. Linear-Leaved Loosestrife.
Southern counties to the coast in damp, light soil. West
Point; Durant; Jackson; Warrentown; Horn Island. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

DECODON J. F. Gmel.

Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell. Nesaea verticillata H. B. K.)
Swamp Loosestrife.
Edges of swamps and springy places; rare. Lauderdale
Springs. July-August.

MELASTOMACEAE. Malastoma Family.
RHEXIA L. Meadow Beauty. Deer Grass.

Rhexia serrulata Nutt. Serrulate-Leaf Deer Grass.
Low damp pine barrens. Picayune. Summer.

Rhexia Mariana L. Maryland Meadow Beauty.

Wet edges of thickets and open marshes. Iuka; Oxford;
Lost Gap; Grenada; Jackson; Jones Co. (Allison); Tyler-
town; Bay St. Louis; Ocean Springs and Biloxi (Tracy).
June.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Rhexia lanceolata Walt. (R. angustifolia Nutt.). Lance-Leaf
Meadow Beauty.
Damp soil in the lower pine barrens. Chunky; Hurley.
August.
Geol. Sur. Herb.
Rhexia Floridana Nash. Florida Meadow Beauty.
Damp soils in the southern counties. Bay St. Louis; Ship

Island.
Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

Rhexia Virginica L. Virginia Meadow Beauty.
Low wet open places throughout the state. Iuka; Lost

206 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Gap; Attala Co. (Hilg Ms); Lafayette Co.; Lake Co. (Hilg.

Ms.); Picayune. July.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Rhexia glabella Michx. Deer Grass.
Low wet pine barrens. Tylertown; Landon; Hancock Co.;
(Allison). June-July.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Rhexia stricta Pursh. Swamp Meadow Beauty.
Borders of pine barrens and swamps. Gulfport (Dr. T. P.
Bailey) ; Lumberton; Iuka; Picayune; DeKalb. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Rhexia ciliosa Michx. Fringed Meadow Beauty.

Low pine barren marshes. Rankin Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ;
Chunky; Tylertown; McHenry; Bay St. Louis (Allison).
June.

Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

Rhexia lutea Walt. ‘Yellow Meadow Beauty.

Low wet pine barrens near the coast. Waynesboro; Pica-
yune; Landon; Gulfport; Back Bay opposite Biloxi; Bay St.
Louis (Allison). May-June.

Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

ONAGRACEAE. Evening Primrose Family.
JUSSSIAEA L.

Jussiaea diffusa Forsk. (J. repens Sw.) Creeping Jussiaea.
Shallow ponds and ditches. Bay St. Louis. June.
Allison Herb

Jussiaea decurrens (Walt.) DC. (Ludwigia decurrens Walt.).
Decurrent-Leaf Ludwigia.
Throughout the state in wet places. Oxford; Jackson;
Amory; Prentiss; Jefferson Co.; Biloxi (Tracy); Bay St.
Louis (Allison). Summer. : aa
Allison Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 207

Jussiaea pilosa H. B. K. (J. leptocarpa Nutt.) Hairy Jussiaea.
Edges of swamps and wet spring places. Bay St. Louis

(Allison) ; Poplarville. August.
Allison Herb.

Jussiaea Peruviana L. Peruvian Jussicaea.
Adventive along the coast. Coastal Islands (Tracy).

LUDWIGIA’ L.

Ludwigia alternifolia L. Common Ludwigia.
Along ditches and in springy places throughout the state.
Oxford; Bay St. Louis. August.
Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

Ludwigia alternifolia linearifolia Britton.
In marshy edges of swamps and thickets. Michigan City;
Copiah Co. August.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Ludwigia hirtella Raf. (L. pilosa Ell.). Hairy Ludwigia.
Low coastal pine belt. Biloxi (Tracy); Bay St. Louis.
June.
Allison Herb.

Ludwigia alata Ell. Winged Ludwigia.
Marshes and brooksides along the coast. Ship Island
(Tracy). Spring.

Ludwigia virgata Michx. Slender-stemmed Ludwigia.
Wet sandy pine barrens. Bay St. Louis. May.
Allison Herb.

Ludwigia linearis Walt. (lL. angustifolia Michx.). Narrow-
Leaf Ludwigia.
Wet sandy soil, especially in the southern counties. Amo-
ry; Smith Co. (Hilg. Ms.); Bay St. Louis. August.
Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

Ludwigia linifolia Poir. Flax-Leaf Ludwigia.
Borders of pine barren marshes and ponds. Gulfport
(Tracy). July.

Ludwigia microcarpa Michx. Small-Fruited Ludwigia.
Boggy, muddy places (Small). Spring-Fall.

208 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Ludwigia pilosa Walt. (L. mallis Michx.) Hoary Ludwigia.
Wet, marshy borders of thickets. Bay St. Louis. July.
Allison Herb.

ISNARDIA L.

Isnardia palustris L. (Ludiwigia palustris Ell.) Water Purslane.
In miry and marshy places throughout the state. Oxford;

Jackson; Amite Co. (Allison). June.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

ONAGRA Adans.

Onagra biennis (L.) Scop. (Oenothera biennis L.) Common
Evening Primrose. .
Common in o!d fields, pastures, and cultivated grounds.
Oxford; Jackson; Winona. June.

Geol. Surv. Herb.
OENOTHERA. L.

Oenothera humifusa Nutt. (O. sinuata humifusa Torr. & Gray).
Seaside Evening Primrose.
Sands along the beach and near the coast. Gulfport;
Biloxi; Petit Bois Island. April.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Oenothera sinuata L. Mant. (O. laciniata Hill). Sinuate-Leaf
Evening Primrose.

Dry sandy soil throughout the state. Oxford; Jackson;
Newton; Tishomingo Co.; Amite Co.; Bay St. Louis (Alh-
son). April-May.

Geol. Sur. Herb.

Oenothera laciniata grandis Britton (O. sinuata grandiflora
Wats.)
Northeastern counties (Mohr). September-October.
Oenothera triloba Nutt. (Lavauxia triloba Spach.) Prairie
Evening Primrose.
Common locally on the limestone soils of northeast Missis-
sippi. Okolona; Wheeler. April-May.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 209

KNEIFFIA Spach.

Kneiffia fruticosa (L.) Raim. (Oenothera fruticosa L.). Sun-
drops.
Open woods and dry soils. Ripley; Grenada; Starkville
(Tracy) ; Smith Co.; Chunky; Hattiesburg. May.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Kneiffia linearis Michx. Spach. (Oenothera linearis Michx.).
Pine Larrens Sundrops.
Dry pine barrens near the coast. (Reported in Hilgard
Manuscript from Rankin county). June.

Kneiffia linifolia (Nutt.) Spach. (Oenothera linifolia Nutt.).
Flax-Leaf Sundrops.
Dry open woods and pastures. Jackson (T. P. Bailey) ;
Tishomingo Co. (Allison). Spring and summer.
Allison Herb.

HARTMANNIA Spach.

Hartmannia speciosa (Nutt.) Small (Oenothera speciosa Nutt.)
Prairie Hartmannia.
Open soil, espcia.ly in prairies. Oxford; Newton; Artesia;
Macon; Jackson. April-June.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

GAURA L.

Gaura ancustifolia Michx. Narrow-Leaf Gaura.
Dry sands along the shore. Biloxi (Tracy). August.
Gaura biennis L. Common Gaura.
Dry open soil, usualy in edges ot fields and pastures.
Jackson. Summer.
Geol. Sur. Herb.
Caura Michauxii Spach. (G. filipes Spach.) Michaux’s Gaura.
Dry sandy open woods. Oxford; Jackson; Laurel. July-
September.
Geol. Sur. Herb.
Gavra longifera Spach. (G. biennis Pitcheri, Torr. & Gray).
Pitcher’s Gaura.
Dry sandy soil (Small). Spring and summer.

210 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (LBalk

Gaura filiformis Small. Filiform Gaura.
Sandy soil (Small). Summer to fall.

CIRCAEA L.

Circaea lutetiana L. Enchanter’s Nightshade.

Rich moist woods, usually in deep shade. Pontotoe Ridge
near Ripley; New Albany; Taylor; Pontotoc; Eastport;
Booneville; Warren Co. Summer.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

HALORAGIDACEAE. Water Milfoil Family.
PROSERPINACA IL. Mermaid Weed.

Proserpinaca palustris L. Swamp Mermaid Weed.
Stagnant ponds and ditches throughout the state. Coastal
Islands (Tracy). May-June.

Proserpinaca pectinata Lam. Comb Mermaid Weed.
Pine barren swamps near the coast. Hattiesburg. May.

MYRIOPHYLLUM lL.

Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Southern Water Milfoil.
Still water and slow-flowing streams. Oxford; Hatties-

burg.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

ARALIACEAE. Ginseng Family.
ARALIA I.

Aralia rasemosa L. Spikenard.
Rich woodlands on limey soils. Eastport; Itawamba Co.;
Hatchie Hills; Ripley; Columbus. June.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Aralia spinosa L. Angelica Tree.

Borders of woods on rich soils. Itawamba Co.; Michigan
City; Copiah Co.; Amite Co. (Allison). June.
Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

PANAX IL. Ginseng.
Panax quinquefolia L. Aralia quinquefolia Decaisne).

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 211

Rich wooded slopes, mostly on limey soils. Itawamba Co.;
Booneville; loess bluffs at Tocowa, Panola Co.; Madison Co.
(Allison, oral communication). May.

Geol. Sur. Herb.

APIACEAE...Parsley Family.
DAUCUS L. Carrot.

Daucus pusillus Michx. Wild Carrot.
Dry pastures and old fields throughout the state. Tisho-
mingo Co.; Lafayette Co.; Tupelo (Tracy); Warren Co.;
Amite Co. June.

TREPOCARPUS Nutt.

Trepocarpus aethusae Nutt.
Damp shaded borders of fields. Strakville (Tracy). May-
June.

ANGELICA L.

Angelica villosa (Walt.) B. S. P. (A. hirsuta Muhl.). Hairy
Angelica.
Borders of dry wooded hillslopes. Oxford; Waynesboro
(Pollard); Lineon Co. May.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

OXYPOLIS Raf.

Oxypolis filiformis (Walt.) Britton (Tiedemannia teretifolia
DC.) False Dropwort.

Wet borders of swamps, more common in the pine regions
toward the coast. Biloxi (Tracy) ; Ocean Springs (Skehon) ;
Bay St. Louis (Allison). ;

Allison Herb.

Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf. (Sium rigidius L.) Cowbane.
Wet banks of pine barren streams. Waynesboro (Pol-
lard) ; Jones Co.; Bay St. Louis. July.
Allison Herb.

212 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

POLYTAENIA DC.

Polytaenia Nuttallii DC. (Tordylium Americanum Nutt.) Nut-
tall’s Polytaenia.
Prairie region (Mohr). Calhoun Co. (Hilg. Ms.). July.

THASPIUM Nutt. Meadow Parsnip.

Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. (Ligusticum barbinode
Michx.). Barbed Meadow Parsnip.
Shaded banks in the prairie region. Okolona. April-May.

Thaspium trifoliatum aureum (Walt.) Britton (Thaspium au-
rem Nutt.) Go.den Alexander.

Dry copses on hillslopes. Tishomingo Co. (Allison) ;
Itawamba Co.; Ripley; West Point; New Albany Starkville
(Phares) ; Oxford; Jackson. May.

Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

CYNOSCYADIUM DC.

Cynoscyadium pinnatum DC. Dog Parsley.
Dry hillslopes. Meridian. August.

ERYNGIUM L.

Eryngium yuccaefolium Michx. (EK. aquatica L. Button
Snakeroot.
Dry upland old fields, pastures and open woods. Oxford;
Tay.or; Jackson. July-August.

Eryngium cynchaetum (Gray), Coult. & Rose. (E. yuccaefol-
ium synchaetum Gray) Narrow-Leaf Button Snakeroot.
Low damp pine barrens. Landon; Gulfport; Ocean
Springs; Biloxi (Tracy); Bay St. Louis (Allison). June.
Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

Eryngium Virginianum Lam. Virgina Snakeroot.
Swamps and margins of ponds. Joncs Co.

Allison Herb

Eryngium integrifolium Walt. (E. Virgatum Lam). Blue-
Flowered Eryngo.
Common in damp pine barrens. Rankin Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ;

No, 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 213

Oxford; Winona; Hattiesburg; Prentiss; Liberty; Bay St.
Louis (Allison). July.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Eryaogium prostratum Nutt. (E. Baldwinii Torr. & Gray)
Creeping Eringo.
Shad» damp soil throughout the state. Oxford; Lost Gap;
Tiinds Co.; Warren Co. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

SANICULA L. Sanicle.

re

Seniexla Marilandica L. Maryland Saniele.
ich upland woods and copses; apparently more common
in te northern counties. Fulton; Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.;
Amite Co.; Bay St. Louis. May.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Senicu’a Canadensis L. Canada Sanicle.

“ich upland wooded slopes. Tishomingo Co.; West Point;
“ew Albany; Lost Gap; Lafayette Co.; Pontotoe Co.; Tippah
(o : Hinds Co.; Warren Co.; Starkville (Tracy); Bay St.
| ouis (Al ison).

Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

canicvla Floridana Pickn. Florida Sanicle.
“esembles Candensis, but considered by Small as distinct.
‘-ndy wooded slopes (Small.) Spring and summer.

Sanicula Smallii Bickn. Small’s Sanicle.
Nich wooded slopes (Small). Summer.

CHAEROPHYLLUM lL.
“haerophyllvm procumbens (L.) Crantz (Scandix procumbens
Lif Vild Chervil.
Onen woods and copses (Mohr). April.
Caercphy lum dacycarpum Nutt.
“rairies and hillsides (Small); Biloxi (Tracy). Spring.

Chaerophyllum Tainturieri Hook. Tainturier’s Chervil.
Shaded borders of fields. Starkville (Phares); Jackson
(Phares). April.

214 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

LILAEOPSIS Greene.

Lilaeopsis lineata (Michx.) Green (Crantzia lineata Nutt.)
Crantzia.
Sait and brackish marshes along the coast. Gulfport;
Biloxi. July.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

APIUM UL.

Apium ammi (L.) Urban (Sisson ammi L.) Marsh Parsley.
Borders of low fields; common toward the coast. Amite
County. May.
Allison Herb.

ERIGENIA Nutt.

Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. (Sison bulbosum Michx.)
Harbinger of Spring.
Rich wooded slopes in limestone soil. Pontotoe Ridge near
New Albany. Rare. February-April.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

ZIZIA Koch.

Zizia, aurea (li.) Koch. Golden Meadow Parsnip.
Meadows and swamps. Montrose. April-June.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

CICUTA . L.

Cicuta maculata L. Water Hemlock.
Swamps and wet meadows. Jackson (Dr. T. P. Bailey) ;
Michigan City. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Cicuta Curtisii Coult. & Rose. Curtis’s Water Hemlock. '
Swamps throughout the state, perhaps. Madison Co.
(Phares).

DERINGA Adans.- -

Derinea Canadensis (E) Kuntze (Sison Canadensis L.) Horn-
wort. LEE

no. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 215

Damp woodlands. Madison Co. (Hilg. Ms.); Pontotoc.
July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

SPERMOLEPIS Raf.

Spermolepis divaricatus ( Walt.) Britton (Daucus divaricatus
Walt.). Spreading Spermolepis.
Sandy soil in the southern pine belt to the coast. Ocean
Springs (Tracy). May.

Spermolepis echinatus (Nutt.) Britton (Leptolepis echinatus
Nutt.).
Southern pine region to the coast. Cat Island (Tracy).
May.

PTILIMNIUM Raf.

Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. (Discopleura capillacea
DC.) Mock Bishop’s Weed.
Along ditches and marshy places. West Point; Oxford;
Madison (Phares) ; Ocean Springs (Tracy). May.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Ptilimnium Nuttallii (DC) Nuttall’s Bishop’s Weed.
Damp sandy and gravelly soils. Oxford. July.

HYDROCOTYLE UL. Pennywort.

Hydrocotyle umbellata L. Water Pennywort.

Edges of stagnant pools; marshy places near the coast.
Woodville; Pascagoula; Gulfport; Bay St. Louis (Allison) ;
Cat Island (Tracy). May. ;

Geol. Sur. Herb. Allison Herb.

Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. (H. interrupta Muhl.)
Whorled Pennywort.

Marshes and edges of ponds and stagnant streams. Simp-
son Co. (Hilg. Ms.); Rodney (Dr. Perviance); Hinds Co.;
Coastal region (Tracy). May.

Geol. Sur. Herb.

Hydrocotyle Canbyi Coult. & Rose. Canby’s Pennywort.
Marshy and miry borders of ponds. Hinds Co.; Gulfport.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

216 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Hydrocotyle Bonariensis Lam.
Marshes along the coast. Biloxi; Gulfport. May.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. Crowfoot-like Pennywort.
Stagnant pools and ditches. Greenwood; Bay St. Louis;
Deer Island.

CENTELLA L.

Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban (Hydrocotyle repanda Pers.).
Asiatic Pennywort.
Marshes and borders of pools; abundant a‘ong the coast;
Biloxi; Gulfport; Bay St. Louis (Allison); Coastal Islands
(Tracy). May. Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

CORNACEAE. Dogwood Family
CORNUS L. Dogwood.

Cornus stricta Lam. (C. fastigiata Michx.). Stiff Dogwood.
Low damp ground along streams. Oxford; Taylor. May.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Cornus amomum Mill. (C. sericea) Silky-Leaf Swamp Dog-
wood.

Low swamps along streams. Starkville (Tracy). May.

Cornus asperifolium Michx.
Thickets on dry limestone soil. Okolona; Jackson. May

Cornus Florida L. Flowering Dogwood.
Throughout the state in dry upland woods. Oxford; Tisho-
mingo Co. (Allison) ; Carroliton; Hinds Co.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

NYSSA_ L.
Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. (N. multiflora L.) Highland Black

Gum.
Upland forests throughout the state. April.
Allison Herb

Nyssa biflora Walt. (N. sylvatica biflora Sarg.) Southern Black
Gum.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS ibaa

Swampy borders of streams, especially in the southern
pine belt. Oxford. April.

Nyssa aquatica L. (N. uniflora Wang.) Tupelo Gum.
Common in deep swamps of large streams throughout the
state. Less common in the northern counties.

SYMPETALAE
PYROLACEAE. Pyrola Family.
CHIMAPHILA Pursh. Wintergreen.

himaphila macula‘a (L.) Pursh. (Pyrola maculata L.) Spot-
ted Wintergreen.

ich wooded slopes (Small). Probably limited to the
northeast counties. Summer.

MONOTROPACEAE. Pinesap Family.
MONOTROPA L.

fonotropa uniflora L. Indian Pipe.

Not common under forests, particularly pine forests.
Minds Co.; Lauderdale Co.; Smith Co.; Bay St. Louis (Alli-
son). September.

Allison Herb.

ERICACEAE. Heath Family.
AZALEA IL.

Acalea viscosa Pursh. Clammy Azalea.
Swamps and stream banks; more common in the southern
counties; middle counties (Hilg. Ms.); Hattiesburg; Wood-
ville; Picayune; Bay St. Louis (Allison). June.

Azalea nudiflora L. Purple Azalea.

Rock ledges and copses throughout the state. Not common
in loess region. Eastport; Amory; Lost Gap; Lauderdale
Co.; Scott Co.; Hattiesburg; Clarke Co. Wayne Co.; Wilkin-
son Co. April-May.

Geol. Sury. Herb. Allison Herb.

218 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

KAUMEA Li;
Kalmia latifolia L. Mouniai. Laurel. Calico Bush.
Rocky woodlands for ‘!.c most part in eastern part of the

state. Seems never to oc ur in the loess region. Hastport;
Hattiesburg; Ocean Springs (Tracy). April-May. —
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Kalmia hirsuta Walt. Wicky.
Low sandy pine barrens (Mohr). May.

LEUCOTHOE Don.

Leucothoe axillaris (Lam.) Don (Andromeda axillaris Lam.)
Downy Feter-Bush.

Swamp thickets and stream borders (Mohr) Smith Co.
(Hilg. Ms.). May.

Leucothoe racemosa (L.) (Andromeda racemosa L.) Race-
mose Fetter-Bush.
Southern pine regions near the coast. April.

Leucothoe platyphylla Small.
Low moist thickets (Small). Spring.

PIERIS Don.

Pieris nitida (Bartr.) Benth. & Hook. (Andromeda nitida

Bartr.) Shining Fetter-Bush.
Open boggy pine barrens. Smith Co. (Hilg. Ms.); Hat-
tiesburg; Landon; Ocean Springs; Biloxi; Pascagoula. April.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

OXYDENDRUM DC.

Oxydendrum arboreum (l.) (Andromeda arborea L.) Sour-
wood.

Dry or damp upland woods. Simpson Co. (Hilg. Ms.).
Tishomingo Co.; Itawamba Co.; Wilkinson Co.; Hancock Co.
(Allison). July.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

EPIGAEA UL.

Epigaea repens L. Trailing Arbutus.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 219

In rocky woods. Found in Tishomingo County (Allison).
February-March.
Allison Herb.

VACCINIACEAE. Huckleberry Family.
GAYLUSSACIA HE. B. K.

Gaylussacia frondosa (L.) Torr. & Gray. Tangleberry.
Roeky upland ridges. Tishomingo Co
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Gaylussacia dumosa (Andr.) Torr. & Gray (Vaccinium dumo-
sum Andr.) Dwarf Huckleberry.
In sandy pine barren swamps. Picayune; Landon; Bay
St. Louis (Allison). April.

Gaylussacia hirtella (Ait. f.) Klotzach (G. dumosa hirtella
Gray) Hairy Huckleberry.
Low wet borders of pine barren streams. Biloxi (Tracy).
May.

Caylussacia resinosa (Ait.) Torr. & Gray (Vaccinium resnosum
Ait.)
Uplands dry open woods near Tennessee river. May.

VACCINIUM L.

Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. Farkleberry.

Dry sandy upland woods throughout the state. Tisho-
mingo Co.; Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.; Franklin Co.; Cat
Island (Tracey). April-May.

-Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Vaccinium myrsinites glaucum Gray. Pale Evergreen Blue-
berry.
Barren rocky hills and dry pine lands (Mohr). April.

Vaccinium Elliottii Chapm. (V. myrtilloides Ell.) Elliott’s
Blueberry.
Low thickets in damp sandy soil.

Vaccinium tenellum Ait. (V. virgatum tenellum Gray). Gale-
Leaf Blueberry.
Shady copes in sandy soil. Pine regions (Small). April.

220 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Vaccinium vacillans Kalm. ! ow Blueberry.
Open woodlands on cry sandy or rocky uplands. Tisho-
mingo Co. April.
Allison Herb. ©

Vaccinium corymbosum L. Common Blueberry.

In low rich ground and springs; more common in the
northern counties. Tishomingo Co.; Lafayette Co.; Carroll-
ton; Jackson; Biioxi. April.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Vaccinium fuscatum Ait. (V. corymbosum fusecatum Gray)
Fuscous Blueberry.
Shaded dry, sandy banks near streams and swamps
(Mohr.) March.

POLYCODIUM Raf.

Polycodium stamineum (LL.) Greene (Vaccinium stamineum L.)
Deer Berry. Squaw Berry.
In dry or damp shaded sandy soil throughout the state.
Rare in loess region. Tishomingo Co.; Tippah Co.; Lafayette
Co.; Morton; Ocean Springs (Tracy). April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Polycodium neglectum Small.
Open woods and thickets (Small).
PRIMULACEAE. Primrose Family.
HOTTONIA L.

Hottonia inflata Ell. Water Violet.
Floating on stagnant or slowly flowing water. Southern
counties (Mohr.) May.

SAMOLUS L.
Samolus floribundus H. B. K. (S. valerandi americana Gray).
Water Pimpernel.

Wet shady woods throughout the state. Lafayette Co.;
Hinds Co. April.

Now 7] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 221

STEIRONEMA Raf.

Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf. (Lysimachia ciliata L.) Fringe-
Leaf Loosestrife.
Low damp thickets throughout the state. Ripley; Ponto-

toe; Oxford; Jackson; Lucedale. June.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

Steironema lanceolatum (Walt.) Gray (Lysimachia lanceola-
tum Walt.). Lanece-Leaf Loosestrife.
Damp shaded soil, borders of woods. Coastal pine belt
(Mohr) ; Madison Co. (Hilg. Ms.). Summer.

Steironema heterophyllum (Michx.) Raf.
Woods and meadows (Small). Summer.

Steironema radicans (Hook.) Gray (lLysimachia radicans
Hook.) Trailing Loosestrife.
Low shaded swamps. Columbia; western Lafayette Co.;
Wilkinson Co. June-August.
Geol. Sur. Herb.

ANAGALLIS L.

Anagallis arvensis L. Common Pimpernel.
Damp flats in the pine barrens near the coast; (Adv.)
Pascagoula. April.

Geol. Sury. Herb.
DODECATHEON IL.
Dodecatheon meadia L. ‘Shooting Star. American Cowslip.

Low moist woods; rare; seen only in the vicinity of the
State University. May-June.

PLUMBAGINACEAE. Leadwort Family.
LIMONIUM Adans.

Limonium Carolinianum (Walt.) Britton (Statice Carolinia-

num Walt.) Marsh Rosemary.
Salt marshes along the coast and Coastal Islands. Stark-
ville (Tracy); along the coast (Tracy); Cat Island. Sept.
teol. Surv. Herb.

222 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Limonium Nashii Small. Nash’s Marsh Rosemary.
Salt marshes along the coast (Small).

SAPOTACEAE. Sapodilla Family.
BUMELIA Sw.

Bumelia lycioides (L.) Pers. Sideroxylon lycioides L.). South-
ern Buckthorn.
Dry open woods and copses; more common on calcareous

soils. Jackson; Yazoo City; Grenada. March.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

DIOSPYROS L.

Diospyros Virginiana L. Persimmon.

Common throughout the state in old fields; occasionally in
deep river swamps. Tishomingo Co.; Lafayette Co.; Hinds
Co.; Copiah Co. May.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

STYRACACEAE. Storax Family.

Mohrodendron Carolinianum (L.) Britton (Halesia tetraptera
L.) Carolina Silverbell Tree.

Wooded banks of streams; Hinds Co.; Amite Co.; Wilk-

inson Co.; Chunky; Newton Co.; perhaps throughout the

state. April.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Mohrodendron dipterum (L.) Britt. (Halesia diptera L.)
Southern Silverbell.
Low wooded stream banks. Madison Co. (Hilg. Ms.);
Woodville; Rosetta. April.

STYRAX L.

Styrax Americana Lam. (S. glabrum Michx.) American So-
rax.

North Mississippi (Hilgard); Lafayette Co.; Jones Co.
(Allison) ; Hattiesburg; Gulfport. Low wet thickets along
streams. March and April.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

bo
bo
eo

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

Styrax grandifolia Ait. (S. grandiflorum Michx.) Large-Flow-
ered Storax.
Tishomingo Co.; Amite Co.; Waynesboro. Moist, rich lower
slopes and stream courses. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

SYMPLOCACEAE. Sweetleaf Family.
SYMPLOCOS L.

Symplocos tinctoria (L.) L’Her. (Hopea tinctoria L.) Sweet-
leaf. Horse Sugar.

Low woods and stream bottoms Ocean Springs (Tracy) ;
Carroll Co. (Hilgard) ; Lowndes Co.; Tishomingo Co.; Hinds
Co.; Forrest Co.; Durant; Chunky; Woodville; Bay St.
Louis (Allison). April.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

OLEACEAE. Olive Family.
FRAXINUS L. Ash.

Fraxinus Americana L. (F. alba Marsh.) White Ash.
Low, rich grounds throughout the state. Tishomingo Co.
(Allison). March-April.
Allison Herb.

Fraxinus Pennsylvanica Marsh (F. pubscens Lam.)
Low woods and stream bottoms. Yazoo Delta (A. B. Hurt.)

Fraxinus Caroliniana Mill. (F. platyearpa Michx.) Water Ash.
Low shaded swamps. Forrest Co. February.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. Blue Ash.
In limestone soil of northeast counties. Starkville (Tracy).
May.

CHIONANTHUS lL.

Chionanthus Virginica L. Fringe Tree. Grandsire Graybeard.
Low rich woods. Scott Co.; Forrest Co.; Jones Co.;
Wayne Co.; New Augusta; Montrose; Chunky; Mendenhall;

April.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

bo
bo
—~

OSMANTHUS 1 Lour.

Osmanthus Americana (L.) B. & H. (O.ea Americana L.) Amer-
ican Olive. Devil Wood.
Low wet woods along streams. Biloxi (Tracy); Rodney
(Hilg. Ms.) ; Bay St. Louis (Allison).
Allison Herb.

LOGANIACEAE. Logania Family.
GELSEMIUM Juss.

Gelsemium sempervirens (l.) Ait. f. (Bigonia sempervirens L.)
Yellow Jessamine.

Low grounds along streams throughout the state; but
rather rare in the northern counties; very common along low
pine barrens streams in the southern counties. March.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

SPIGELIA L.

Spigelia Marilandica L. (lonicera Marilandica L.) Pink Root.
Rich, open wooded slopes throughout the state; not com-
mon in the low sandy soils of the southern counties. New
Albany; West Point; Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.; Itawamba
Co.; Tishomingo Co. (Allison) ; Hattiesburg; Meadville. May
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

CYNOCTONUM. J. C. Gmelin.

Cynoctonum mitreola (L.) Britton (Mitreola petiolata Torr.
Gray )
Wet springy banks. Ocean Springs (Tracy). July.
Cynoctonum sessilifolium (Walt.) J. G. Gme in (Mitreela ses-
silifolia Torr. & Gray) Sessile-Leaf Mitrewort.
Low springy places in pine barrens. Biloxi (Tracy); Bay
St. Louis (Allison). June.
Allison Herb.

POLYPREMUM L.

Polypremum procumbens L. Procumbent Polypremum.
Sandy pastures and old fields. Bay St. Louis. August.
Allison Herb.

bs
b
ol

Nori FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

GENTIANACAEAE. Gentian Family.
SABBATIA Adans. Centaury.

Sabbatia macrophylla Hook. Large-Leaf Centaury.
Open savannas and pine barren swamps. Bay St. Louis
(Allison) ; Waynesboro; Picayune; Landon; Gulfport. May.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
Sabbatia angustifolia (Mich.) Britton (S. brachiata EIL)
White-flowered American Centaury.
Dry open pine woods. North Jackson.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Sabbatia angularis (L.) Pursh. (Chironia angularis L.) Ameri-
ean Centaury.

Perhaps throughout the state in rich damp woodlands.
Starkville (Tracy); Oxford; Jackson; Rodney (Hilg. Ms.) ;
Jones Co.; Amite Co. (Allison). June.

Geol. Surv. Herb

Sabbatia Calycina (Lam.) Heller (S. Calycosa Pursh.) Calycine
Sabbatia.
Rich swampy bottoms. Madison Co. (Hilg. Ms.). August.

Sabbatia stellaris Pursh. (S. gracilis Ell.) Seaside Sabbatia.
Seaside meadows occasionally overflowed by tides. Coast-
al Islands (Tracy); Bay St. Louis (Allison). July-August.
Allison Herb.

Sabbatia campanulata (L.) Torr. (S. gracilis Michx.) Slender
Sabbatia.
Low rich banks, especially southward. Bay St. Louis (Al-
lison) ; Gufport; Tylertown. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Sabbatia dedecandra (L.) B.S. P. (S. chloroides Pursh.)

Large-flowered Sabbatia.
Pine barren swamps and pond borders. State Line. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

226 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Sabbatia gentianoides Ell. Gentian-like Sabbatia.
Low damp pine barrens. Hancock Co. (Allison) ; Gulfport ;

Hurley; Picayune. July. \
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

GENTIANA L. Gentian.

Gentiana saponaria L. (G. catesbaei Walt.) Soapwort Gentian.
Rich shaded slopes. Lafayette Co. November.
Geol, Surv. Herb.

Gentiana Elliottii Chapm. (G. Catesbaei Ell.) Blue Sampson’s
Snake Root.

Rich wooded slopes, Jones Co. (Allison) ; Brookhaven.
Allison Herb.

Gentiana villosa L. (G. ochroleuca Froel.) Sampson’s Snake
Root.

Rather dry wooded slopes. Oxford; Decatur. November.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Gentiana Andrewsii Griseb. Closed Gentian.
Damp upland woods. Northern Lafayette and Tippah
Counties. November.

FRASERA Walt.

Frasera Carolinensis Walt. American Colombo.
Rich upland forests. Eubank’s Creek, north of Asylum at
Jackson. May.
Geol. Sury. Herb.
OBOLARIA L.

Obolaria Virginica (L.) Pennywort.
Moist open wooded slopes. Pontotoe Ridge; near New Al-
bany. May.
Geol. Sury. Herb.
BARTONIA Muhl. .

Partonia Virginica (L.) B.S. P. (B. tenella Muhl.) Autumnal

Bartonia.
Wet springy places in pine barrens swamps. Hurley. Oct.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 227

Bartonia verna (Michx.) (Centaurella verna Michx.) Vernal
Bartonia.
Low wet pine barrens under low bushes. South Missis-
sippi (Mohr). February.

LIMNANTHEMUM 5S. G: Gmel.

Limnanthemum lacunosum (Vent.) Griseb. (Villarsia cordata
Ell.) Pitted Floating Heart.

Ponds in the lower pine barrens (Mohr). March-April.

APOCYNACEAE. Dogbane Family.
AMSONIA Walt.

Amsonia amsonia (L.) Britt. (Amsonia Tabernaemontana
Walt.)
Rich, shady limestone slopes. Tishomingo Co.; Okolona;
Ripley: Columbus. April.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

APOCYNUM UL.

Apocynum, cannabinum L. Indian Hemp.
Damp open places, often along railroad tracks. Ripley;
Oxford: Jackson. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

TRACHELOSPERMUM Lemair.

Trachelospermum difforme (Walt.) Gray (KHchites difformis
Walt.) Climbing Dogbane.

Damp slopes and alluvial lands, climbing over bushes. La-
fayette Co.; Leake Co. (Hilg. Ms.); Canton; Hattiesburg.
June-July.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

VINCA L.

Vinca minor L. Periwinkle.

Introduced, but growing wild about old gardens, fences
and graveyards. All spring and summer. Oxford; Carroll-
ton; Jackson.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

bo
bo
Co

MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

ASCLEPIDIADACEAE. Milkweed Family.
ASCELPIAS L, Milkweed.

Asclepias tuberosa L. Butterfly Weed. Pleurisy Root.

Open uplands and pastures over the state. Eastport; Rip-
ley; West Point; Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.; Madison Co.;
Bay St. Louis (Allison). May-June.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Asclepias phytolaccoides Pursh. Poke M.lkweed.
Moist shady woods. (Doubtful here) Hilg. Ms.

Asclepias cinerea Walt. Hoary Milkwe 1.
Dry open pine lands. Chunky; S.ate Line; Picayune.
Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Asclepias angustifolia Ell. (A. Michauxii Deesne.) Fragrant
Milkweed.
Low sandy pine barrens. Back Bay, Biloxi. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Asclepias lanceolata Walt. (A. paupercula Michx.) Marsh
Milkweed.
Boggy pine barrens; salt marshes. Pascagoula Bay; Bay
St. Louis (Allison); Picayune. May-June.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Asclepias purpurascens L. Purple Milkweed.
Thickets and borders of woods. Horn Lake. June-July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Asclepias obtusifolia Michx. (A. purpurascens Walt.) Obtuse-
leaved Milkweed.
Dry, open upland woods. Lafayette Co.; Jones Co. (Al-
ison). June.
Allison Herb.
Asclepias humistrata Walt. (A. amplexicaulis Michx.) Rab-
bit’s Milkweed.
Dry sandy soil in pine barrens. Coastal Islands (Tracy) ;
Chunky; Hattiesburg. April-May.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

bo
bo
wo

INGreeL Cl FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

Asclepias variegata L. Variegated Milkweed.
Dry open woods and borders of fields; Oxford; Jackson;
Morton; DeKalb; Brookhaven; Meadville. May.

Asclepias rubra L. Tall Milkweed.
Wet sandy marshes. Very tall, 5-6 feet. Lost gap; Me-
Henry. June-July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Asclepias perernis Walt. (A. parviflora Ait.) Swamp Milk-
weed.

Low wet river swamps. Hinds Co.; Warren Co.; Jackson

Co. (Hilg. Ms. ); Taylor; Canton; Grenada; Roxey. Summer.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

re J

Asclepias verticillata L. Whorled Milkweed.
Dry sandy upland soil. Philadelphia; Laurel. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Asclepias verticillata linearis (Scheele) Pollard (A. linerais
Scheele). Narrow-Leaf Whorled Milkweed.
Damp woods in prairies (Mohr). July.

ACERATES Ell.

Acerates Floridana (Lam.) A. S. Hitchcock (A. longifolia 1El.)
Florida Green Milkweed.
Damp open pastures and fields. Jackson; Bay St. Louis
(Allison). April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Acerates viridifiora Raf. (Eaton; Broad-leaf Green Milkweed.)
Dry, sterile soil. Jackson; Winona. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ASCLEPIODORA. Gray.

Asclepiodora viridis (Walt.) Gray (Asclepias viridis Walt.)
Dry open fields and pastures on calcareous prairie soils.
Jackson; Columbus. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ANATHERIX Nutt.

Anantherix connivens Gray.

bo
eo

0 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Wet pine barrens. Hattiesburg. June-July.
; Geol. Surv. Herb.

AMPELANUS Raf.

Ampelanus albidus (Nutt.) Britton (Enslenia albida Nutt.)
Sand Vine.

River banks, climbing over shrubs. Greenwood. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb:

CYNANCHUM IL.

Cynanchum palustre (Pursh) Heller (Seutera maritima
Deesne.) Seaside Winding Milkweed.
Borders of salt marshes. Cat Island. Very common. June.

AMPHISTELMA Griseb.

Amphistelma filiforme Griseb.
Dry soil near the coast. Biloxi.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

VINCETOXICUM. Walt.

Vincetoxicum gonocarpusWalt. ( Gonolobus macrophyllus
Michx.) Smooth Angle-Pod.

Along wooded river banks and side hill slopes. Spring to
Summer.

Vincetoxicum hirsutum (Michx.) Britt. Gonolobus flavidulus
Chapm.) Hirsute Angle-Pod.
On rich wooded slopes, climbing on bushes. Pontotoc;
West Point; Jackson; Starkville (Tracy) ; Clinton (Dr. T. P.
3ailey). May-June.

Geol. Surv. Herb.
Vincetoxicum Baldwinianum (Sweet) Britt.
Thickets and rich copses. Carroll Co. (Hilg. Ms.; Star-
kville (Tracy). Spring and summer. |
Hedge rowe and cultivated fields. Simpson Co. (Hilg.).
CONVOLVULACEAE. Morning Glory Family.
IPOMEOEA L.

Impomoea coccinea L. Scarlet Morning Glory.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 234

Hedge rows and cultivated fields. Simpson Co. (Hilg.
Ms.) Lafayette Co. August Sept.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Ipomoea barbigera Sweet. Bind-weed. Tie Vine.
Mississippi (Mohr) August.

Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. Ivy-leaf Morning Glory.
In cultivated fields throughout the state, and in thickets.
Oxford. August.
; Geol. Surv. Herb.

Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth. (Convolvus purpureus L.) Com-
mon Purple Morning Glory.
Cultivated ground throughout the state, especially on low-
lands. August-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Impoea pres-caprae (l.) Sweet (Convolvulus pres-caprae L.)
Goat’s-foot Seaside Ipomoea.
Littoral, especially on damp lower slopes of sand dunes.
Coastal Islands. July-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Ipomoea acetosaefolia (Vahl.) Roem. & Schult. (Convolvulus
acetosaefolius Vahl.) White-blooming Seaside Ipomoea.
Littoral sand plains. Coastal Islands . July-Aug.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Ipomoea pandurata (L.) Meyer ay olvulus panduratus L.).
Wild Potato.

Throughout the state in light rich soil in fields and open
woods. Pontotoc; Grenada; Lost Gap; Oxford; Jackson.
July-August.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Ipomoea sagittata Poir. (Convolvulus speciosus Walt.) Arrow-
leaf Morning Glory.
Littoral, in brackish and salt marshes. Coastal Islands
(Petit Bois Island) ; Biloxi; Bay St. Louis. July-August.
Ceol. Surv. Herb.

232 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (Bull.

Ipomoea Carolina (l.) Pursh. (Convolvulus Carolinus L.)
Carolina Morning Glory.
Thickets and fields, in rich moist soil. Coastal Islands
(Tracy). October.

JACQUEMONTIA Chois.

Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. (Impomoea tamnifolia
L.) Blue-fiowered Bind-weed.
Cultivated fields in rich moist soil. Lawrence Co. (Hilg.).
Perhaps throughout the state. July.

BREWERIA R. Brown

Breweria humistrata (Walt.) Gray (Stylisma humistrata
Chapm., 1st edition) Low Breweria.

Dry light soil; more common southward in the pine regions.
Lowndes Co. (Tracy); West Point; Wayne Co.; Bay St.
Louis (Allison). June.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Breweria acqutica (Walt.) Gray (Stylisma aquatica Chapm.,

Ist Ed.) Aquatic Breweria. .
Low damp soil in pine woods. Lost Gap; Chunky. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

CONVOLVULUS UL.

Convolvulus repens L. (C. sepium var. repens Gray) Creeping
Bindweed.
Damp shaded thickets. Oxford (Dr. T. P. Bailey); Bay
St. Louis (Allison). April-May.
Allison Herb.

DICHONDRA Forst.

Dichondra evolvulacea (1. f.) Britton (D. repens Forst.) Caro-
lina Dichondra.
Open, damp grassy plats throughout the state. Oxford;
Jackson; Morton; Hattiesburg. April.
Geol. Sury. Herb.

New tT | FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 233

CUSCUTACEAE. Dodder Family.
CUSCUTA L. Dodder, or Love Vine.

Cuscuta arvensis Beyrich, Field Dodder.
Light sandy soil in fields and openings. Coastal Islands
(Tracy). June-August.

Cuscuta Gronovii Willd. Large Love Vine.
Throughout the state in low damp thickets. Coastal Is-
lands (Tracy). July-September.

Cuscuta compacta Juss. Compact-flowered Love Vine.
Low damp thickets throughout the state. Jackson (T. P.
Bailey) ; Oxford. Autumn.

Cuscuta glomerata Chois.
Low rich ground in open fields. Lafayette Co.

POLEMONIACEAE. Phlox Famliy
PHLOX L.

Phlox paniculata L. Sweet William.

Thickets and rich woods. Starkville (Tracy); Bay St.
Louis (Allison) ; Ripley; Booneville; Batesville; Yazoo City.
July-September.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Phlox maculata L. (P. pyramidalis Smith) Spotted Phlox.
Low wet woods. . Ripley; Oxford; Jackson. June-July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Phlox glaberrima L. Smooth Phlox.
Dry open woods. Lafayette Co. (Hilg.); Iuka; Grenada;
Canton; Shubuta; Gulfport. May-July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Phlox pilosa L. (P. aristata Michx.) Hairy Phlox.

Dry thickets and open woods. Oxford; Scott Co.; Tippah
Co.; Tishomingo Co.; Grenada; Montrose; Hattiesburg;
Meadville; Bay St. Louis (Allison). May-July.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Phlox reptans Michx. Creeping Purple Phlox.

234 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Damp shaded woods. Tishomingo Co. (Allison); Michi-
gan City. May-June. ;
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
Phlox amoena Sims (P. Walteri Chapm.) Early Phlox.

Dry open sandy soils. Tishomingo Co, (Allison) ; Biloxi;

March-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Phlox divaricata L. Blue Phlox; Sweet William.
Rich open woods. Lafayette Co.; Tishomingo Co.; Oko-
lona; West Point; Jackson. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

POLEMONIUM L.

Polemonium reptans L. Jacob’s Ladder.
tich shaded slopes with limestone soils. Lafayette Co.;
Pontotoe Ridge near New Albany; slopes of Owl Creek near
Ripley; Booneville. April-May.
; Geol. Sury. Herb.

HYDROPHYLLACEAE. Water-Leaf Family
HYDROPHYLLUM UL.

Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Nutt.
Rich woods. North Mississippi (Mohr). April.

NEMOPHILA Nutt.

Nemophila microcalyx (Nutt.) Fisch. & Mey.
Damp borders of woods. Natchez. March.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

NAMA L.

Nama affine (A. Gray) Kuntze.
3orders of ponds. Hinds Co.; Amory; Monticello. Sum-
mer. .

Geol Sury. Herb. Allison Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 235

Nama ovata (Nutt.) Britton.
Borders of ponds. Eastern prairie region. Bay St. Louis
(Allison) ; Lumberton; Picayune.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

BORAGINACEAE, Borage Family.
HELIOTROPIUM L. Heliotrope.

Heliotropium curassavicum L. Seaside Heliotrope.
Salt marshes. Coast and Coastal Islands (Tracy).
Heliotrophium Indicum L.
A weed in waste and cultivated ground. Coast and Coast-
al Islands (Tracy) ; Hinds Co.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Heliotropium anchusaefolium Poir.
In waste places. Hancock Co. (Allison).
Geol. Surv. Herb.

MYOSOTIS L. Forget-me-not.

Myosotis verna macrosperma Nutt.
Dry open fields. Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.; Starkville
(Tracy) ; Tishomingo Co. (Allison). April.
Allison Herb
LITHOSPERMUM L. Gromwell.

Lithospermum arvense lL.
Edges of fields. Montrose. June-July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Leim. Puccoon.
Dry pine woods. Tishomingo Co.; Lafayette Co. April-
May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Lithospermum tuberosum Rugel. Tuberous-Rooted Gromwell.
Light gravelly and sandy soil. Oxford (Dr. Bailey). Apr.

CYNOGLOSSUM Tourn. Hound’s Tongue.

Cynoglossum Virginianum L. (C. amplexicaule Michx.) Wild
Comfrey.

236 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Dry open woods. Lafayette Co. (Hilg.); Eastport; New
Albany; Ripley; Grenada; Vicksburg. Spring.

Geol. Surv. Herb
COCHRANEA Miers.

Cochranea anchusaefolia (Poir.) Gurke.

Waste places (Small). Spring-Fall.

ONOSMODIUM Michx.

Onosmodium Carolinianum (Lam.) A. DC. Carolina False
Gromwell.

Rich limey prairie soil at Jackson (rare) ;

Starkville ;
Satartia on Jackson clay.

May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Onosmodium Virginianum (L.) DC. Virginia False Gromwell

Rich upland woods and dry sandy fields. Oxford; Hat-
tiesburg; Lost Gap.

Geol. Surv. Herb.
VERBENACEAE. Verbena or Vervain Family
VERBENA L. Vervain.

Verbena aubletia Jacq.

Aubiet’s Verbena.
Dry sandy soil.

Hattiesburg.

Geol. Surv. Herb.
Verbena xutha Lehm.

Waste places, especially near the coast. Oxford; Jackson;
Gulfport. August.

Geol. Surv. Herb.
Verbena urticaefolia L. White Vervain.

A common weed in waste places. Oxford; Hinds Co.;

Warren Co.; Starkville; New Albany (Tracy). July.

Verbena Carolina L. Carolina Vervain.

Usually in dry pine lands. Lowndes Co. (Tracy); Jones
Co. (Allison); Hattiesburg. June.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

bo
ce
~]

NOs] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

Verbena bracteosa Michx. (Verbena canescens Chap.)
Dry open waste places. Oxford; Grenada. July.

Verbena hastata L. (V. paniculata Lam.) Blue Vervain.
Low damp open pastures. Benton Co.; Pontotoe Co. Sum-

mer.

Verbena stricta Vent.
Damp open ground. Bluffs below Satartia; Eastport.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Verbena angustifolia Michx. Narrow-leaf Vervain.
Caleareous clay soils. Starkville (Tracy). July.

Verbena Canadensis (l.) Britton (Buchnera Canadensis L.)
Dry prairie regions. Lawrence Co. (Hilg.). March-April.

Verbena bonariensis L.
Open waste lands. Jackson (T. P. Bailey); Woodville.
July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
LIPPIA L. Frog Fruit.

Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. (Verbena nodiflora L.) Spatulate-
Leaved Frog-fruit.

Damp sandy soil. Pontotoc; Seooba; Coastal Islands;
Moss Point; Biloxi; Bay St. Louis (Allison); Jackson Co.;
Warren Co. May-November.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Lippia lanceolata Michx. Lance-leaf Frog Fruit.
Low wet soil. Taylor; West Point; Warren Co.; Southern

Hinds Co.; Pascagoula.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

CALLICARPA lL. French Mulberry.

Callicarpa Americana L.
Dry upland woods. Coastal regions; Hancock Co. (Hilg.
Rep.) ; Bay St. Louis; Hinds Co.; Grenada; Tippah Co. June.
Allison Herb.

238 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

AVICENNIA L.
Avicennia nitida Jacq. Black Mangrove.
Wet littoral, sandy soil (Small). Door Pomt (Coastal

Islands).
Geol. Sury. Herb.

PHYRMA L. Lopseed.
Phyrma leptostachya L.
Damp rich shaded soils. Ripley; Grenada Co.; Charleston;

Warren Co.: Copiah Co. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

NEPETACEAE. Mint Family.
MESOSPHAERUM L. Swamp Basil.
Mesosphaerum rugosum (L.) Pollard (Hyptis radiata Willd.)

Margins of pine barrens ponds. South Mississippi (Hilg.) ;
Rankin Co. (Hilg.); Biloxi (Tracy); Bay St. Louis (Alli-

son) ; Jones Co. (Allison); Tylertown. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

COLLINSONIA L. Horse Balm.

Collinsonia scabriuscula Ait. Purple Horse Palm.

Damp thickets. Clinton (T. P. Bailey). Sept.
Collinsonia Canadensis L. Canadian Horse Balm.

Rich woodlands. Northern part of state (Mohr). July.
_ Collinsonia anisata Sims. Citronella

Dry shaded slopes. Southern part of state (Mohr). Sept.
Collinsonia verticillata Baldw.

Rich shaded woods (Small). Spring and summer.

MENTHA L. Mint.

Mentha spicata L. (Mentha viridis L.) Spearmint.
Low damp soil perhaps throughout the state. West Point;
July-August.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 23S

LYCOPUS L. Water Hoarhound.
Lycopus Europoeus
On the beach. Cat Island. (Lloyd & Tracy).

Lycopus pubens Britton. ‘
Pine swamps (SmaH). South Mississippi. Summer and
Fall.

Lycopus rubellus Moench. Reddish Bugleweed.
Low swampy land. Southern pine region to the coast. Bay
St. Louis (Allison). August.
Allison Herb.

Lycopus velutinus Rydb.
Low grounds and swamps (Small). Summer and fall.

CUNILA L. Dittany.

Cunila origanoides (L.) Britton (Cunila mariana L.)
Cherty, gravelly hillslopes near Eastport. Northern part
of the state. July-August.

KOELLIA Moench.

Koellia flexuosa (Walt.) MeMillan (Pyenanthemum linifoli-
um Pursh.) Virginia Thyme.

Low wet ground; prairies. Amory; southern part of state
(Hilg.) ; Carroll Co. (Hilg.) ; Oxford; Jones Co.; Jackson Co.
June.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Koellia Virginana (L.) Britt. (Pyenanthemum lanceolatum
Pursh. )
Dry soil and thickets. Oxford; Jackson. June.

Koellia aristata (Michx.) Kuntze. Aristate Thyme.
Pine regions in southern part of state. Horn Lake. June.
Geol. Sury. Herb.

Koellia albescens (Torr. & Gray) Kuntze (Pyenanthemum al-
bescens Torr & Gray). Whitish Basil.

In sandy soil, often in dry woods (Small). Chiefly in
southern pine regions of the state. Bay St. Louis (Allison) ;
Hinds Co.; Lafayette Co. July. -

Geol. Surv. Herb. Altison Herb.

240 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Peas

CLINOPODIUM lL. }
Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze (Calamintha nepeta Savi.)
European Basil Thyme.
Dry uplands and roadsides. Oxford. July-Sept.

Clincpodium Carolinianum (Walt.) Kuntze (EE Caro-
liniana Walt.) Carolina Thyme.
Dry open woods (Mohr). August and September.

Clinopodium coccineum (Nutt.) Kuntze (Calamintha Coccinea
(Nutt.) Benth.) Searlet Baln.
Sandy pine ridges; Coastal Islands (Tracy); Cat Island;
Gulfport. September.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

SALVIA L. Sage.

Salvia cocinea Juss. Scarlet-flowered Salvia.

Sandy soil; waste places; southern part of state. Bay St.
Louis (Allison) June-Oct.

Allison Herb.
Salvia azurea Lam. Azure Salvia.
Dry sandy soil. Marion Co. (Hilg.); Ocean Springs

(Tracy); Jones Co. (Allison); Bay St. Louis (Allison).
Spring-Fall.

Allison Herb
Salvia urticifolia L. Nettle-Leaf Salvia.
Open rich woods or thickets. Northeast Mississippi (Hilg.)
Spring and summer.
Salvia lyrata L. Meadow Sage.

Open grassland throughout the state. Oxford; Tishomin-

go Co. (Allison) ; Jackson; Bay St. Louis (Allison). Spring
and Summer. )

Geol. Surv. Herb.
MONARDA IL. Horsemint.
Monarda fistulosa L. Wild Bergamot.

Fence rows and thickets; dry woods. Oxford; Iuka;

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 241

Ripley; Lost Gap; Starkville (Tracy); Jones Co.; Jackson.
June.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Monarda punctata L. Dotted Horsemint.

Dry sandy soil, borders of fields, pastures and waysides.
Oxford; Shubuta; South Mississippi (Hilg.); Simpson Co.;
Bay St. Louis (Allison) ; Coastal Islands. July-October.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

BLEPHILIA Raf.

Blephilia ciliata (l.) Raf. (Monarda ciliata L.)
Dry woods and thickets, especially limey soils. North Mis-
sissipp1; Ripley; Oxford; Smith Co. June-August.

NEPETA L.

Nepeta cataria L. Catnip.
In waste ground. Oxford; Hinds Co. Summer-fall.

GLECOMA L.

Glecoma hederacea L. (Nepeta glecoma Benth.)
Around buildings and waste lands. Oxford. Spring.

SCUTELLARIA L. Skulleap.

Scutellaria laterifolia L. Mad-dog Skulleap.
Wet thickets; along streams. Over the state. Oxford;
Fulton; Heidelberg; Rosetta; Hinds Co.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Scutellaria cordifolia Muhl. (Seutellaria versicolor Nutt.)
Shady borders of woods; moist banks. Oxford; West
Point; Lost Gap; Bay St. Louis (Allison). Spring-summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Scutellaria incana Muhl. (S. canescens Nutt.) Hoary Skulleap.
Open copses and borders of woods. Oxford; Tishomingo
City. June.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

si 4

242 : MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Scutellaria pilosa Michx. }
Dry soil; open woods and thickets. Central pine uplands

to the coast. Oxford; Brookhaven.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Scutellaria integrifolia L. (S. hyssopifolia L.)
Dry woods and thickets. Iuka; Oxford; Carroll Oo.
(Hilg.). Summer.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Scutellaria parvula Michx.
Dry open soil, sand or clay. Oxford; Tishomingo Co.;
Morton. May-June.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
PRUNELLA L.

Prunella vulgaris L. (Prunella vulgaris Tour.) Self-Heal.
(Introduced )

Damp pastures and open woods; perhaps throughout the
state.. Tishomingo Co. (Allison); Michigan City; Oxford;
Jackson. Spring-fall.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
PHYSOSTEGIA (L.) Benth.
Physostegia Virginiana (L.) Benth. (Dracocephalum Virginia-
num lL.) False Dragon’s Head.

Borders of swamps and ditches. Oxford; Tippah Co.;
West Point; Taylor. |

Geol. Surv. Herh
STACHYS L. Woundwort.
Stachys aspera Michx. Hispid Woundwort.

Shaded wet borders of ditches and streams. Durant.

Summer.

Stachys tenuifolia Willd.
In copses and open fields. Taylor; Warren Co.; Hinds Co.
Summer.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 243

LEONURUS L. Motherwort.

Leonurus cardiaca L.
Waste places; Tishomingo Co, (Allison). Summer.
Allison Herb

LAMIUM L. Dead Nettle.

Lamium album (Introduced). White Dead Nettle.
Old gardens. Oxford (one locality). Early spring.

Lamium amplexicaule L. Common Garden Dead Nettle.
In waste and cultivated ground; over the state. Oxford
Jackson. February-May.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

TRICHOSTEMA L. Blue Curls.

Trichostema dichotomum L. Common Blue Curls.

Throughout the state in dry sandy soil. Lawrence Co.
(Hilg.); Biloxi (Tracy); Clinton (T. P. Bailey); Jackson.
July.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Trichostema lineare Nutt. (Trichostema brachiatum Lam.).
Linear-leaved Blue Curls.
Dry open soil. Central pine region to the coast. Bay St.
Louis (Allison). July.
Allison Herb

TEUCRIUM lL. Germander.

Teucrium Canadense L. Wood Sage.
Over the state; damp thickets and low banks. Rodney;
Holmes Co.; Bay St. Louis (Allison). July.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Teucrium Nashii Kearney, Nash’s Germander.
Littoral (Small) ; shaded thickets and hammocks. Biloxi;
Coastal Islands (Tracy). Spring and: summer.

MACBRIDEA Ell.
Macbridea pulchra Ell.

/

/
f

244 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Pine barren swamps. McHenry. Summer and fall.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

SOLANACEAE. Nightshade Family.
LYCIUM L.

Lycium Carolinianum Walt. Carolina Box Thorn.
Littoral, swampy beaches. Coastal Islands (Tracy) ; Door
Point. June.

Geol. Surv. Herb.
PHYSALODES Boehm.

Physalodes physalodes (L.) Britton. (Nicandra physalodes
Goert. )
Apple of Peru.
Waste places near dwellings. Hudsonville. July-August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

PHYSALIS L. Ground Cherry. Jerusalem Cherry.

Physalis angulata L. (P. angulata var. linkiana Gray.)
Over the state, pastures, borders of fields -and waste
ground. Hinds Co. July.

Physalis Virginiana intermedia Rydberg. Virginia Ground
Cherry.
Shaded thickets (Mohr). April-June.
Physalis viscosa L. (Physalis tomentosa Walt.) Stellate
Ground Cherry.
Pine barrens region; sandy banks of streams. Oxford.
June-October.
Physalis angustifolia Nutt. Narrow-leaf Seaside Ground
Cherry.
Low sandy beaches along the coast. Coastal Island (Tra-
cy); Horn Island; Gulfport. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

SOLANUM L. Nightshade.
Solanum nigrum L. Common Nightshade.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 245

Throughout the state, in waste or cultivate ground, Ox-
ford; Hinds Co.; Smith Co.; Bay St. Louis. June-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Solanum gracile Dunal. Slender Nightshade.
In sandy soil of the coast region; coastal islands (Tracy) ;
Summer and fall.

Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. (Solanum mamonsum Ell.)
Spiny Nightshade.
Dry sandy soil. Coastal region. Pascagoula. Spring.

Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Silverleaf Nightshade.
Dry sandy soil. Bay St. Louis (Allison). June.
Allison Herb.

Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. (Solanum balbisii Dunal).
Southern prairie region to the coast. Biloxi beach. Spring
and summer.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Solanum Carolinense L. Horse Nettle.
Over the state; dry sandy open ground, fields and waste
places. Oxford; Hinds Co. June-Oct.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Solanum rostratum Dunal.
Waste places and prairies (Small). Lafayette Co. Spring
and summer.

DATURA L. Thorn Apple. Jamestown or Jimson Weed.

Datura tatula L. Purple Thorn Apple.
Rich waste. places over the state. Very common. Summer.
Datura stramonium L. Common Thorn Apple. Jamestown
or Jimson Weed.
Much less common than D. tatula in this state. Waste
places and eultivated ground. Summer.

SCROPHULARIACEAE. Figwort Family.
VERBASCUM L. Maullein.

Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mulein.
Dry open fields and pastures; over the state. April-May.

246 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Verbascum blattaria L. Moth Mullein.
Over the state; in fields and waste places. July.

LINARIA Jus. Toad Mas

Linaria Canadensis (L.) Dumort (Antirrhinum Canadense L.).
Wild Toad Flax.

Over the state, in cultivated and waste ground. Oxford;
Jackson; Gulfport; Bay St. Louis; Hattiesburg; Newton.
March-April.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
Linaria Floridana Chapm. Florida Toad Flax.

Littoral region; drifting sands near. the coast (Mohr).

Bay St. Louis (Allison). April-May.

Linaria linaria (L.) Karst. (Linaria vulgaris Mill.) Common
Toad Flax.
Field and waste places. Not very common. May-June.

SCROPHULARIA L. Figwort.

Scrophularia Marilandica L. Maryland Figwort.

Chiefly in northeastern part of the state. Michigan City;
Carlisle. August-September.

Geol. Surv. Herb.
CHELONE (L.) Tour.
Chelone glabra L. Turtlehead.

Damp shaded banks, thickets and swampy places. North-
ern and eastern parts of the state. Smith Co. (Hilg. Rep.) ;
Lafayette Co. September.

PENTSTEMON. (U’Herit.) Soland.
Pentstemon hirsuta L. (P. pubscens Soland) Pubscent
Beard-tongue.

Dry sandy soil; borders of thickets and woods (Mohr).
Oxford; Tishomingo Co. (Allison); Jackson (T. P. Bailey).
May.

Pentstemon digitalis Nutt. (P. laevigatus digitalis Gray). Fox-

glove Beard-tongue.
In fields and wet woods. Jackson (T. P. Bailey). May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 247

Pentstemon pentstemon (L.) Britt. P. laevigatus multiflorus
-Chapm.). Smooth Beard-Tongue. ;
Damp woods and thickets, Hattiesburg; Back Bay of

Biloxi. May.
Geol. Sury. Herb.

Pentstemon tubifiorus Nutt.
On low prairies (Small). Oxford; West Point; Lost Gap;
Jackson. Spring-summer.

Geol. Surv. Herb.
PAULOWNIA Sieb. & Zuee. Paulownia.

Paulownia tomentosa (Tunb.) Baill.
Waste places and thickets. Oxford; Hinds Co.; Copiah
Co. March-April.

MIMULUS L. Monkey Flower.

Mimulus alatus Soland.
Swamps, meadows and damp grassy banks. Oxford; Du-
rant; Hinds Co.; Copiah Co. Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

GRATOLIA L. Hedge Hyssop.

Gratiola Floridana Nutt. Flordia Hedge Hyssop.
Wet places in the woods; muddy banks of streams. Amite
Co. (Allison. ) April-May.
Allison Herb.

Gratiola spaerccarpa Ell. Gratloia acumineata Vahl.)
Round-Fruited Hedge Hyssop.
Over the state; low grounds, springs and branches. Ox-
ford; Hattiesburg. April-May.
Geol. Sury. Herb.

Gratiola pilosa Michx. (Gratiola Peruviana Walt.) — Pilose
Hedge Hyssop.
Most common in the low, sandy pine region of the coast
plain. Bay St. Louis (Allison. )
Allison Herb.

248 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Gratiola hispida (Benth.) Pollard; (Sophronanthe hispida
~ Benth.) Rough Hedge Hyssop.

Dry Sands on the Gulf Coast (Mohr) ; Coastal Islands
(Tracy.) June-July.

MONNIERA P. Br.

Monniera acuminata (Walt.) Kuntze, (Gratiola acuminata
Walt.) Blackening Hedge Hyssop.
Southern part of the state (Hilg. Rep.) Low damp places,
thickets and pastures. April-May.

Monniera monniera (l.) Britt. (Herpestis monniera H. B. K.)
Creeping Monniera.
Coastal plain and Islands (Tracy); Bay St. Louis (Alli-
son); Moss Point. May-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Allison Herb.

Monniera rotundifolia Michx.
Wet muddy flats bordering ponds. Hinds Co.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

SEPTILIA Raf.

Septilia crenulata Small; (Monniera crenulata Small).
In ditches and low wet places. Picayune.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

MICRANTHEMUM Michx.

Michranthemum orbiculatum Michx.

Muddy banks and ponds. Northern part of the State.
(Hilg. Rep.) Amite Co. (Allison); Bay St. Louis (Allison.)
May-August.

Allison Herb.
ILYSANTHES Raf.

Tlysanthes gratioloides (Iu.) Benth. (Ilysanthes riparia Raf.)
Hedge Hyssop-like Ilysanthes.
Muddy borders of streams and springs. Oxford; Leake
Co. (Hilg. Rep.) May.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 249

Ilysanthes refracta (Ell.) Benth. (Lindernia refracta Ell.)
Wet pine lands (Small) Spring and summer.

SCOPARIA L.

Scoparia dulcis L.
In sandy soil of the Coastal plain. July.

VERONICA L. Neckweed.

Veronica peregrina L. (V. Caroliniana Walt.)
Open pastures over the state. Oxford; Tishomingo Co.
(Allison) ; Carrollton. March.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Allison Herb.

Veronica arvensis L. Corn Speedwell.
Cultivated ground. Coastal region. Oxford; Tishomin-
go Co. (Allison). Feb.-March.
Allison Herb.

Veronica agrestis L.
In fields and waste places; near the coast.

LEPTANDRA Nutt. Culver’s Root.

Leptandra Virginica (l.) Nutt. (Veronica Virginica L.)
Meadows and moist thickets Northern and central parts
of the state. Oxford; Horn Lake; Madison Co. (Allison.)
Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Allison Herb.

AFZELIA J. G. GMELIN.

Afzelia cassinoides J. G. Gmelin. (Seymeria tenuifolia Pursh.)
Thin-leaved Afzelia.
Dry sandy pine forests (Mohr).- Fontanbleau (Tracy).
September.

MACRANTHERA Torr.

Macranthera fuchsioides (Nutt.) Torr. (Conradia fuchsio-
ides Nutt.) Fuchsia-like Macranthera.

250 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Damp pine lands, Sorih+:2 counties, to the coast. Me-

Henry; Nugent. August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

DASYTOMA Raf. False Foxglove..

Dasytoma pedicularia (l.) Benth.
Rich shaded slopes. Mich. City; Oxford. Summer-fall.
vs Geol. Surv. Herb.

Dasytoma pectinata (Nutt) Benth. (Gerardia pedicularia
Pectinata Nutt.) Pectinate False Foxglove.
Dry sandy soil. Southern part of State (Hilg. Rep.)
Tishomingo Co.; Lyman; Rankin Co.; Lost Gap. August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Dasytoma flava (L.) Wood. Geradia flava L.) Downy False
Fox-glove.
In woods and thickets. Booneville, West Point. Sum-
mer.

Geol. Surv, Herb.

Dasytoma Virginica (L.) Britton. (Gerardia quercifolia
Pursh.) Virginia False Foxglove.’

Dry woods and thickets; Northeastern part of State
(Small.) Starkville, (Tracy); Winona; Oxford. Summer
and fall.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Dasytoma dispersa Small.
Dry pine woods and on hillsides. (Small). Summer and
fall.

Daysytoma laevigata (Raf.) Chapm. (Gerardia laevigata Raf.)
Smooth False Foxglove.
Central pine belt. Bay St. Louis. (Allison. Summer.
Allison Herb.

Gerardia Auriculata Michx. (Otophylla Michauxii. Benth.)
Auriculate False Foxglove.
Limestone prairies, frequent. Scooba

Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17) FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 251

Gerardia linifolia Nutt. Flax-leaf Gerardia.
Low pine bowers. Rankin Co.; Bay St. Louis. August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Allison Herb.
Gerardia Purpurea (L.) Purple Gerardia.

Low and swampy open ground in northern and central
parts of the state. Marion Co. (Hilg. Rep.) ; Jackson (T. P.
B.); Oxford. August.

Geol. Surv. Herb.
Gerardia flava L.

Northern and eastern parts of the state. Lauderdale Co.
(Hilg.) Aug.-Sept.

Gerardia maritima Raf.. G. purpurea Var. erassifolia Pursh.)
Seaside Gerardia.

Littoral; Salt Marshes. Coastal Island (Tracy.); Cat
Island; Back Bay of Biloxi. June-July.

Geol. Surv. Herb.
Gerardia Plukenetti Ell. (G. setacea Chapm. (JPlukenet’s Ger-
ardia.

Dry open pine barrens of lower pine region (Mohr.) Sept.-
Oct.

Gerardia fasciculata Ell. (G. purpurea Var. fasiculata Chapm. )
Fascicled Gerardia.
Low damp pine barrens near the coast. Biloxi (Tracy).
Sept.-Oct.
Gerardia setacea Walt.
* Dry open uplands. Claiborne Co. October.

Gerardia divaricata Chapm.
Dry open upland woods. Claibore Co. October,

Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl. (Anonymos erecta Walt. ) Thin-
leaved Gerardia.
Dry open woods. Oxford; Heidelberg; Jackson; Fall.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

252 MISSISSIPPI STATF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Gerardia tenuifolia filifo:2>.< ¥ ahl.
Light open soil. Lymen.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Gerardia Skinneriana Wood, (Gerardia ponifolia Chapm.)
Small-leaved Gerardia.
Damp sandy pine woods of the coastal region. Gulfport
(Tracy); Bay St. Louis (Allison) ; Lyman; McHenry. Oct.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Gerardia aphylla Nutt. Leafless Gerardia.
Pine barrens near the coast. Lyman; Lumberton. Oct.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

BUCHNERA L.

Buchnera Americana L. Blue Hearts.
Dry open woods. Madison Co. (Hilg. Rep.) May-July.

Buchnera elongata Sw. Southern Blue Hearts.

Most frequent in dry woods of the Southern Counties.
Jackson (T. P. Bailey) ; Ripley; Jones Co. (Allison) ; Wiggins;
Landon; Bay St. Louis (Allison). May.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

CASTILLEJA Mutis
Castilleja Coccinea (L.) Spreng. (Bartsia Coccinea Ll.) Paint-
ed Cup.

Reported at Oxford by Hilgard; North Miss. (Mohr) per-
haps after Hilgard. July.

PEDICULARIS L.

Pedicularis Canadensis L. Wood Betony.

In damp open woods and moist banks, throughout the
state. Oxford; Hinds Co.; Itawamba Co.; Tishomingo Co. (AI-
lison). April.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

PINGUICULACEAE. Butterwort Family.

PINGUICULA L. Butterwort.
Pinguicula lutea Walt. Yellow Butterwort.

ol

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 253

Low wet pine barrens near the coast. Biloxi (Tracy) ;
Gulfport; Landon; Lyman; Bay St. Louis (Allison). March-
April.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb

Pinguicula planifolia Chapm. (P. australis Chapm.)
Low wet pine barrens near the coast. Lyman; Picayune;
Hurley. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Pinguicula pumila Michx. (P. australis Nutt.) Pigmy But-
terwort.
With other species on low pine barrens near coast (Hilg.
Rep.) Spring.

UTRICULARIA Bladderwort

Utricularia biflora Lam. (U. fibrosa Chapm.)
Ditches and shallow stagnant ponds, mostly near the coast.
(Hilg. Rep.) July-Sept.

Utricularia fibrosa Walt. (U. striata Leconte.) Fibrous Blad-
derwort.
Open, shallow sphagnous ponds near the coast (Mohr.)
Aug.

Utricularia juncea Vahl. (U. personata Leconte) . Rush-like
Bladderwort.
Low wet pine barrens near the coast. Greene Co.; Hur-
ley; Picayune. Sept.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Utricularia subulata L. (U.setacea Michx.) Setaceous Blad-
derwort.
Low wet pine barrens near the coast. Biloxi and Coastal
Islands (Tracy.) April.

OROBANCHACEAE. Broom-rape Family.
LEPTAMNIUM Raf.

Leptamnium Virginianum (L.) Raf. (Epiphegus Americanus
Nutt.) | Beech-Drops.

254 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Parasitic on roots of beech trees throughout the state.
Warren Co.: Hinds Co.; Amite Co. (Allison.) - Oct.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

BIGNONIACEAE. Bignonia Family.
BIGNONIA L.

Bignonia crucigera L. (B. capreolata L.) Cross-vine.
Throughout the state climbing over large forest trees. Ben-
ton Co.; Tishomingo Co.; Hinds Co.; Copiah Co.; Hancock Co.
(Allison.) April.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

TECOMA Juss.

Tecoma radicans (L.) D.C. (Bignonia radicans L.) Trumpet-
Creeper. Sometimes called by farmers Poor Land Vine.
Throughout the state climbing over trees and bushes, most-
ly on low grounds. Often becomes troublesome in cultivated
ground. Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.; Okalona; Bay St. Louis
(Allison. ) June-July.

CATALPA, Scop.

Catalpa catalpa (L.) Karst. (C. bignenioides Walt.) Catalpa
tree.
Throughout the state mostly on low ground. Common
around dwellings where it has been used as a shade tree. April-
May.

ACANTHACEAE. Acanthus Family.
RUELLIA L.

Ruellia noctiflora (Nutt.) Gray. (Dipteracanthus noctifl-
orus Nutt.)
Night-blooming Ruellia. Savannas near the coast. (Mohr.
Small.) Sept.-Oct.

Rvellia ciliosa Pursh. Ciliated Ruellia.
Throughout the state in dry open upland woods, Ripley; —
Poutotcc; West Point; Oxford; Starkville ‘Tracy) ; Hinds Co.;

bo
or

No! 174 FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

Warren Co.; Lost Gap; Amite Co.; (Allison) ; Biloxi (Tracy}.
Summer.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Ruellia ciliosa humilis (Nutt.) Britton (R. humilis Nutt.) Low
ciliated Ruellia.
Dry open upland woods. Mostly in the Southern counties.

Bay St. Louis (Allison.) Summer.
Allison Herb.

Ruellia cilicsa parviflora (Nutt.) Britt. Dipteracanthus cil-
iosus var. parviflorus Nees.) Small-flowered ciliated Ruel-
‘lia.

Open upland dry woods. (Mohr.) July.

Ruellia strepens L. (Diptheracanthus strepens Nees.)

Open woods and ecopses. Tishomingo Co.; Simpson Co.;

(Hilg.) Rodney (Dr. Pervianee); Tunica. June-July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

DIANTHERA L. Water Willow.

Dianthera lanceolata (Chapm.) Small (D. ovata lanceolata
Chapm.)
Low wet stream banks and ditches. Taylor; Warren-

town; Hattiesburg. Summer to fall.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Dianthera ovata Walt.
Wet muddy brook sides and banks. Leake Co. (Hilg. M.
S.); Jackson (Dr. T. P. Bailey.) Late summer.

PLANTAGINACEAE. Plantain Family.
PLANTAGO L. Plantain.

- Plantago major L. Greater Plantain.
Low moist waste places throughout the state. Oxford;
May.

Plantago lanceolata L. English Plantain, or Rib Grass.
Open waste lands around dwellings and pastures. Through-
out the state. Oxford; Jackson; Tishomingo Co. (Allison) ;
Bay St. Louis (Allison). May.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

256 MISSISSIPPI STATE GHOLOGICAL SURVEY { Bull.

Plantago aristata Michx. (P. patagonica aristata Gray.) Awned
Plantain.
Dry upland sandy soil: Throughout the State. Oxford;
Jackson. Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Plantago Virginica L. Common Plantain.

Dry upland fields and pastures throughout the State. Ox-
ford; Carrelton; Tishomingo Co. (Allison) ; Bay St. Louis (Alli-
son). Spring and Summer.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Plantago heterophylla Nutt.
Low damp fields and pastures. Oxford; Scott Co. Spring.

Plantago pusilla Nutt. Marsh Plantain.

Found abundantly in edges of marshes growing in several
inches of water. Oxford; Scott Co.; Tishomingo Co.; (Alli-
son) Pascagoula. April-May.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

RUBIACEAK. Madder Family.
OLDENLANDIA L.

Oldenlandia boscii (DC.) Chapm. (Hedyotis boscii DC.)
Damp soil edges of ponds and ditches. Bay St. Louis.
July.

Oldenlandia uniflora L. (O. glomerata Michx.)
Damp sandy soil. Coastal Islands (Tracy.) July.
Oldenlandia, littoralis Mohr.
Muddy banks near tide level. (Mohr.) Tishomingo Co.
(Allison). Sept.

HOUSTONIA L.

Houstonia coerulea L. (Hedyotis coerulea Hook.) Bluct.
Damp rich banks, edges of copses. Only in northern coun-

ties; Tishomingo Co.; Lowndes Co. April-May.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Houstonia minor (Michx.) Britt. (H. patens Ell.) South-
ern Bluet.

bo
on
~]

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

Damp open pastures and waste lands. Throughout the
state. Oxford; Jackson; Tishomingo Co. (Allison); Bay St.
Louis (Allison). March.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Houstonia rotundifolia Michx. (Oldenlandia purpurea Gray.)
Open woods and copses. Tishomingo Co. (Allison) Mont-

rose; Hattiesburg; Fernwood; Wayne Co. April-May.
: Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Houstonia lanceolata (Poir.) Britt.
Open copses and woodlands. Oxford. May-June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Houstonia angustifolia Michx. (Oldenlandia angustifolia Gray.)
Dry open upland woods. Oxford. May-June.

CEPHALANTHUS. L.

Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Buttonbush. Button Willow.
Low marshy banks and pastures. Throughout the state.

Oxford; Grenada; Hinds Co.; Carroll Co. July-Aug.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

MITCHELLA L.

Mitchella repens L. Partridge Berry.

Dry open shaded woods throughout the state. Lafayette
Ca.; Tishomingo Co.; Carroll Co.; Hinds Co.; Forrest Co.; Han-
cock Co. (Allison). April-June.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

SPERMACOCE L.

Spermacoce glabra Michx. Smooth Buttonweed.
Low wet open fields and pastures. Eastport; Oxford;
Rodney (Dr. Perviance) ; Warren Co.; Hinds Co. Summer .
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Spermacoce parviflora (Meyer) Gray (Borveria parviflora
Meyer.)
Low bottom lands in the coastal pine regions. Biloxi
(Tracy). June.-Aug.

258 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

RICHARDIA L.

Richardia scabra L. (Richardsonia scabra St. Hilg.) Mexican
Clover.
Dry sandy soil. On Tennessee River bottoms in Tisho-
mingo County. Summer and fall.

DIODIA L.

Diodia Virginiana lL. (D. tetragona Walt.) White Button
Flower.
Low damp fields and pastures. Throughout the state.
Oxford; Hinds Co. June.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Diodia teres Walt. (Spermacoce diodina Michx.) Puarpie
Button Flower.
Dry sandy or sterile soil throughout the State. Lafayette,
Benton, Carroll, and Hinds Counties. Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

GALIUM L. Bedstraw, Cleavers.

Galium Aparine L. Climbing Bedstraw.
Damp thickets and banks, climbing over objects perhaps
throughout the state. Tishomingo Co.; Hinds Co. April-May.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Galium pilosum Ait. Hairy Bedstraw.
Dry open woods. Tishomingo Co. (Allison) ; Oxford; Rip-
ley; West Point; Lost Gap. Summer.
Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

Galium pilosum puncticulosum (Michx.) Torr and Gray (G.
puneticulosum Michx.)
Dry sandy soil in the southern counties. Hinds Co.; Bay
St Louis (Allison.) Summer.
Allison Herb.

Galium circaezans Michx. Wild Licorice.
Damp shaded soils. Ripley; Pontotoc; Oxford. May-
July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 259

Galium trifidum L. Small Bedstraw.
Wet, marshy soil. Tishomingo Co.; Hinds Co. Summer.
Allison Herb.

Galium triflorum Michx. Sweet-scented Bedstraw.
Rich shady upland woods. New Albany; Oxford; Gre-
nada; Winona; Hinds Co.; Wilkinson Co. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Galium tinctorium lL.
Low shaded swamps. Oxford. Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Galium hispidulum Michx. (Rubia peregrina Walt.) Scarlet-
fruited Bedstraw.
Dry shaded upland soil. Bay St. Louis (Allison) ; Biloxi
and coastal islands (Tracy.) May-June. .
Allison Herb.

VIBURNACEAE. Honeysuckle Family.
SAMBUCUS L. Elder.

Sambucus Canadensis L. American Elder.
Low damp stream banks and thickets. Throughout the
state. Oxford; Hinds Co. May-June.

VIBURUM L.

Viburnum molle Michx. (V. dentatum scabrellum T. & G.)
Hairy Arrowwood.
Rich moist stream banks. Chunky. Summer.

Viburum prunifolium L. Black Haw.
Upland open woods. Clarke Co. Spring.

Viburnum rufotomentosum Small. (VY. prunifolium ferrugin-
eum Small.) Southern Black Haw.

Open upland woods and thickets. Hinds Co. Tishomingo
Co.; Meridian; Okolona; Satartia, on bluffs; Shubuta. April-
May.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.

260 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Viburnum cassinoides L. (V. nudum cassinoides Torr & Gray.)
White Rod. |
Thickets along stream banks. South Mississippi. (Hilg.
Rep.) May-June.

Viburnum nudum L. (V. nudum elaytonii Torr & Gray.) Pos-
sum Haw.
Low swampy thickets. Biloxi (Tracy.) Jackson (Dr. T.
P. Bailey.) Bay St. Louis (Allison) ; Lost Gap. Spring.
Allison Herb.

Viburnum nitidum Ait. (V. nudum angustifolium Torr &
Gray.)
Low wet banks of pine barrens, streams (Mohr.) Amite
Co. (Allison.) May.
Allison Herb.

TRIOSTEUM L. Fever-Root.

Triosteum angustifolium L. (T. minus Michx.) Narrow-leaf
Fever-Root.
Low rich shaded thickets. New Albany; Hatchie Hills
west of Booneville; Oxford. May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

SYMPHORICARPUS. Juss.

Symphoricarpus symphoricarpus L. McMilla-. (Lonicera sym-
phoricarpus L.) Coral Berry.
Limy wooded hillslopes. Tishomingo Co. (Allison.)
Allison Herb.

LONICERA L. Honeysuckle.

Lonicera sempervirens L. (Caprifolium sempervirens Michx.)
Trumpet Honeysuckle. Coral Honeysuckle.

Rich moist banks of streams. Throughout the State. Tish-
cmingo Co. (Allison); Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.; Carroll Co.
April-May.

Geol. Survey Herb. Allison Herb.
Lonicera Japonica Thunb. Japanese Honeysuckle.

fun wild throughout the state, climbing in thick profusion
over trees and banks. April-May.

No.7) FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 261

VALERIANACEAE. Valerian Family.
VALERIANELLA Pollic.

Valerinella chenopodifolia (Pursh.) DC. (Fedia chenopodifola
Pursh). Goose-foot Corn Salad.
Low damp limey clay. Jackson. Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb

Valerianella radiata (L.) Durr. (V. locusta radiata L.) Lamb
Salad.

Low damp soil borders of fields and pastures. Lafayette
Co.; Tishomingo Co.; Lowndes Co.; Hinds Co. Montrose. April-
May.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

CUCURBITACEAE. Gourd Family
LAGENARIA Seringe.
Lagenaria vulgaris (L.) Seringe (Cucurbita lagenaria L.) Com-

mon Gourd.
Naturalized in waste lands around dwellings. Summer.

MELOTHRIA L.

Melothria pendula L. Grape Melon.

Common on low moist shaded ground, edges of thickets and
stream banks. Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.; Copiah Co.; Forrest
Co. Summer.

Geol. Surv. Berb.

SICYOS L.

Cicyos angulatus L. Bur Cucumber.
Thickets and low ground bordering streams. Oxford;

Vicksburg. September.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

CAMPANULACEAE. Bluebell Family.
CAMPANULA L.

Campanula Americana L. (C. acuminata Michx.) Tall Blue-
bell.

262 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Rich shaded soil edges of woods and copses. Houston.
July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

LEGOUZIA Durand. Venus Looking Glass

Legouzia biflora (R. & P.) Britt (Specularia biflora Gray.)
Two-flowered Venus looking glass. :
Light soil in open fields and pastures Tishomingo Co. (Alli-

son); Lafayette Co. Spring
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Legouzia perfoliata (L.) Britt. (Specularia perfoliata A. DC.)
Perfoliate Venus Looking Glass.

Open soil of cultivated fields and waste places around
dwellings. Tishomingo Co.; Bay St. Louis (Allison) ; Oxford;
Starkville (Tracy) ; Hinds Co. May-June.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

LOBELIA L. Lobelia.

Lobelia cardinalis L. Cardinal Flower.

Wet shady places bordering streams and swamps through-
out the State. Lafayette Co.; Holmes Co.; Warren Co; Ran-
kin Co.; Amite Co.; Scooba. Aug.-Sept.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
Lobelia brevifolia Nutt. Short Leaf Lobelia.

Low wet pine barrens in the Southern Counties. Lumber-
ton; Bay St. Louis (Allison). Sept.-Oct.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Lobelia puberula Michx. Downy Lobelia.

Damp sandy soil along borders of thickets. Oxford ; Hinds
Co.; Simpson Co. (Hilg. Ms.); Bay St. Louis (Allison). Aug.-
Oct.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Lobelia amoena Michx. Southern Lobelia.
Low shaded swamps. Bay St. Louis (Allison). July-Sept.
Allison Herb.
Lobelia amoena glaudulifera Gray. Pretty Lobelia.

Low moist open sandy soil. South Mississippi (Hlg. Rep.) ;
Oxford. Sept.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 263

Lobelia glandulosa Walt. Glandular Lobelia.
In swamps and low shaded creek banks. Hinds Co.; Bay
St. Louis (Allison.) Aug.-Sept.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Lobelia Floridana Chapm. Florida Lobelia.
Wet pine barrens (Small.) Spring and summer.
Lobelia leptostachys DC. Slender-Spiked Lobelia.
Dry open woods and copses. Oxford; Tupelo. Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Lobelia spicata Lam. (Ll. Claytoniana Michx.) Spiked Lobelia.
Dry sandy meadows. Jackson; Jones Co. (Allison) ; Bay

St. Louis (Allison). June-Aug.
Allison Herb.

Lobelia inflata L. Indian Tobacco.
Dry fields and thickets. Lafayette; Hinds; Amite (All-
son) Co. Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Lobelia canbyi A. Gray. Canby’s Lobelia.
Swamps and wet meadows. Picayune. July-Sept.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

CICHORIACEAE Chicory Family.

Cichorium intybus L. Common Chicory.
Occasional in waste places. Tupelo. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ADOPOGON Nee. WDandelion.

Adopogon Carolinianum (Walt.) Britt. (Krigia Virginica
Willd.)
Dry open sandy soil throughout the state. Tishomingo
Co. (Allison) ; Oxford; Newton; Bay St. Louis (Allison). April
May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Adopogon Virginicum (L.) Kuntze (Krigia dandelion Nutt.)
Dry sandy soil of open woods and pastures. Tishomingo

Co. (Allison); Oxford; Montrose. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

264 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

SERINEA Raf.

Serinea oppositifolia (Raf.) Kuntze (Apogon humilis Ell.) Lit-
tle Humility.
Dry sandy soils in open fields and wastelands. Through-
out the state. Oxford; Jackson; Montrose. April-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

HIERACIUM L. Hawkweed.

Hieracium Gronovii L. Common Hawkweed.

Light soil in dry open woods throughout the state. Tuisho-
mingo Co.; Carrollton; Oxford; Morton; Clinton (Dr. T. P.
Bailey); Amite and Hancock Counties (Allison). April-May.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Hieracium Marianum Willd. Maryland Hawkweed.

Dry open woods and thickets. Jackson.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Hieracium scabrum Michx. Rough Hawkweed
Dry open woods and clearings. Hinds Co. Summer.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

TARAXACUM Haller.

Taraxacum taraxacum (L.) Karst. (T. officinale Weber.)
Common Dandelion.
Open pastures and wastelands everywhere. March-May.

SITILIAS Raf.
Sitilias Caroliniana (Walt.) Raf. (Pyrrhopappus Carolinianus
DC.)
Open fields and pastures throughout the state. April-June.
LACTUCA L.

Lactuca Canadensis L. (L. elongata Muhl.) Wild Lettuce.
Damp rich soil, borders of fields and copses. Perhaps
throughout the state. Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co. August.

Lactuca graminifolia Michx. (L. elongata graminifolia Chapm.)
Narrow-Leaf Wild Lettuce.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 265

Borders of fields and pastures. Bay St. Louis (Allison.)
Allison Herb.

Lactuca Floridana (l.) Gaert. (Mulgedium Floridanum DC.)
Blue-flowered Wild Lettuce.

Rich moist soil, borders of ditches and thickets throughout
the state. Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.; Rankin Co.; Amite Co.
(Allison). May-June.

Allison Herb.

Lactuca villosa Jacq. (Mulgedium acuminatum DC.) Hairy-
veined Blue Lettuce.
Damp rich soil of shaded copses and thickets. Aug.

Lactuca scariola L. Prickley Lettuce.
Dry open banks, especially along railroad tracks. Grena-
da; Jackson Aug.-Sept.

NABALUS CASS.

Nabalus serpentaria (Pursh) Hook (Prenanthes serpentaria
Pursh). Gall of Earth.
Light dry soil of open woods. (Wailes). Summer.

Nabalus altissimus (L.) Hook. (Prenanthes altissima L.)
Tall White Lettuce. :
Rich woods and thickets. Smith and Jasper Counties
(Hile. Ms.) ; Lafayette Co.; Tippah Co. August.
Geol. Sury. Herb.

Nabalus virgatus (Michx.) DC. (Prenanthes virgata Michx.)
Slender Snake Root.
Damp sandy soil. Lost Gap. Sept.-Oct.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

SONCHUS L. Sow Thistle.

Sonchus asper (L.) All. (S. oleraceus asper L.) Prickly Sow
Thistle.
Cultivated and waste ground throughout the State. Jasper

Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ; Lafayette Co. Summer.

Conchus oleraceus L. Common Sow Thistle.

266 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Occurs with the last throughout the State. Hattiesburg.
Spring

Geol. Surv. Herb.

AMBROSIACEAE. Ragweed Family.
AMBROSIA L. Ragweed.

Ambrosia bidentata Michx. lLance-leaved Ragweed.
Dry open pasture and edges of copses. Oxford. Sum-
mer.

Ambrosia trifida L. Tall Ragweed.
Rich moist soil, borders of lowland fields throughout the
state. Lafayette Co.; Chickasaw Co. July-Sept.

Ambrosia artemisiaefolia L. Hogweed. Ragweed.
Edges of dry upland cultivated fields throughout the
state. Oxford ;May St. Louis (Allison). July-Sept.
Allison Herb.

IVA L.

Iva imbricata Walt. Seaside Marsh Elder. .
Damp low beaches along the Gulf Coast. Coastal Islands
(Tracy.) Summer and Fall.

Iva frutescens L. Shrubby Marsh Elder.
Low muddy beaches and brackish marshes along the coast.
Horn Island. Summer and fall.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Iva caudata Small.
Low wet ground and swamps. (Small.) Fall.

XANTHIUM L.

Xanthium strumarium L. Cocklebur
Cultivated and low open ground. Summer.

Xanthium canadense Mill (echinatum Murr.) Common Cockle-
bur.

Throughout the state in cultivated ground, especially low
rich fields.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 267

CARDUACEAE. Thistle Family.
VERNONIA Schreb. Iron-weed.

Vernonia maxima Small. Great Iron Weed.
Dry copses and borders of woods. (Mohr.) Summer.

Vernonia fasciculata Michx. Fascicled Vernonia.
Shady thickets and woods. Starkville (Tracy.) Aug.

Vernonia graminifolia (Walt.) (V. angustifolia Michx.) Nar-
row-leaf Vernonia.
Upland pine forests toward the coast. (Small.) Hurley.
Aug.

Vernonia Texana (A. Gray) Small. Texas Vernonia.
Sandy soil. Meadville. Summer and fall.
Geol. Surv. Herb

STOKESIA L’Her.

Stokesia laevis (Hill) Green (S. cyanea L’Her.) Azure-flower-
ed Stokesia.

Low damp pine barrens near the coast. Biloxi (Tracy) ;
Bay St. Louis (Allison); Pass Christian; Landon; Picayune;
McHenry; Lumberton. May-June.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

ELEPHANTOPUS L. Elephant’s Foot.

Elephantopus Carolinianus Willd. (E. Scaber Walt.) Carolina

Elephant’s Foot.

_ Open dry woods. Oxford; Starkville; (Tracy) ; Holmes
Co.; Hinds and Warren Counties; Haneock Co. (Allison). July-
Aug.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Elephantopus tomentosus L. Hoary Elephant’s Foot.
Dry light soil in open woods. Biloxi (Tracy); Bay St.
Louis (Allison); Oxford; Amory; Hinds Co.; Jones Co. (Alli-

son). Sept.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Elephantopus nudatus Gray. Naked-Stemmed Elephant’s Foot.

268 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Low rich shaded soil. Biloxi (Tracy); Copiah Co. Oct.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

AGERATUM L.

Ageratum conyzoides L. (A. Mexicana Sims). Mexican Ager-
atum.
Open waste grounds and fields. Oxford; Winona; Car-
roll Co.; Warren Co.; Adams Co.; Star. July-Aug.

EUPATORIUM L. Thoroughwort.

Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small. (EH. foeniculaceum
Willd.)
Low moist ground in fields and pastures. Biloxi (Tracy) ;
Utica (Dr‘ T. P. Bailey). Becoming troublesome weed in
pastures of the Southern Counties. Fall.

Eupatorium leptophyllum DC.
Old sandy fields and dry open woods (Mohr.) Fall.

Eupatorium purpureum L. (EK. ternifolium Ell.) Purple Bone-
set.
Rich damp soil edges of woods and thickets. Ripley; Ox-
ford; Hinds Co.; Bay St. Louis (Allison). Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Eupatorium trifoliatum L. Joe Pye Weed.
Low rich moist soil, borders of fields (Small). Summer
and fall.

Eupatorium leucolepis. Torr and Gray.
Low pine lands McHenry. Summer and fall.

Eupatcrium album L. (E. glandulosum Michx.) White Flow-
ered Boneset.
Dry sandy soil in open woods throughout the state. Ox-
ford; Jackson; Simpson Co. (Hilg. Ms.) Summer and fall.

Eupatorium Mohrii Greene.

Damp open pine lands toward the coast. Biloxi (Tracy) ;
Woodland (Allison. )

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 269

Eupatorium serotinum Michx.
Rich soil borders of low woods and thickets. Lafayette
Co.; Winona; Jackson. October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Eupatorium hyssopifolium L. (KE. hyssopifolium laciniatum
Gray.)
Edges of fields and pastures. Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.
August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Eupatorium semiserratum DC. (EK. parviflorum Ell.)
Low lands, edges of fields and pastures. Biloxi (Tracy) ;
Rankin Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ; Covington Co. Sept.

Eupatorium altissimum L.
Dry sandy soil. Bay St. Louis (Allison). Fall.

Eupatorium tortifolium Chapm. Twisted-leaf Boneset.
Dry ridges in pine lands. Biloxi (Tracy). Summer.

Eupatorium rotundifolium L. False Hoar-hound.

Dry open low grounds throughout the state. Biloxi
(Tracy); Tishomingo Co.; Winona; Lost Gap; Silvarena; Bay
St. Louis (Allison.) Summer.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Eupatorium pubescens Muhl. (E. rotundifolium pubescens B.
S.P.) Pubescent False Hoar-hound.
Damp open places (Mohr.) August.

Eupatorium perfoliatum L. Common Boneset.

Low damp thickets and edges of marshes throughout the
state. Oxford; Jackson; Bay St. Louis (Allison.) Late sum-
mer.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Eupatorium ageratoides L.
Low shaded ravines. Amite Co. (Allison) ; Waynesboro.

Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Eupatorium aromaticum L. (E. ceanothifolium Muhl) Wild
Hoar-hound.

270 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull

Dry openings in the pine forests. Smith Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ;
Bay St. Louis (Allison). September and October.
Allison Herb.

Eupatorium incarnatum Walt. Bushy Eupatorium.
Damp edges of woods and thickets. Clinton (Dr. T. P.
Bailey.) June.

Eupatorium coelestinum L. (Conoclinum coelestinum DC.)
Mist Flower.
Along ditches and damp thickets. Starkville (Tracy) ;
Biloxi (Tracy) ; Jackson; Jones Co.; Amite Co. (Allison.)
Allison Herb

OSMIA Sch. Bip.

Osmia ivaefolia (L.) Small, (Eupatorium ivaefolium L)
Old fields and pastures. Amite Co. (Allison.) Fall.
Allison Herb

WILLUGHBAEYA Neck.

Willughbaeya scandens (L.) Kuntze, (Eupatorium scandens
f..) Climbing Boneset.

Climbing over bushes in low, damp lands throughout the
state. Tupelo; Holmes Co.; Hinds Co.; Jones Co.; Coast and
Coastal Islands (Tracy.) August.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

KUHNIA L.
Kuhnia kuhnia (Gaert.) Mohr, (K. eupatoroides gracilis Torr.
& Gray). Southern False Boneset.

Dry pine barrens (Mohr.) Sept.-October.
LACINARIA Hill.

Lacinaria elegans (Walt.) Kuntze, (Liatris elegans Willd.)
Handsome Blazing Star.
Dry open pine barrens. Lumberton; Picayune. August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Lacinaria squarrosa (l.) Hill, (Liatris squarrosa Willd.) Sealy
Blazing Star. Colic Root.
Dry light soil in open woods or fields. Oxford; Madison

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 271

(Hilg. Ms.); Brookhaven; Hattiesburg; Wiggins; Waveland
(Allison.) August-September
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Lacinaria scariosa (L.) Hill, (Liatris seariosa Willd.) Com-
mon Blazing Star.

Dry open woods and grasslands. Lawrence Co. (Hilg.
Ms.) ; Jackson; Heidelberg; Bay St. Louis (Allison). August
September.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Lacinaria vittata Greene.
Woods and meadows of south Mississippi (Small). Fall.

Lacinaria spicata (L.) Kuntze (Liatris spicata Willd.) Spiked

Button Snakeroot.
Low pine barrens of southern counties. Jackson; Collins;
Lumberton; Taylorsville; Bay St. Louis (Allison.) September.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Lacinaria pilosa (Ait.) Heller (Liatris graminifolia dubia
Gray.) Hairy Blazing Star.
Damp open sandy soil of the pine barrens. Biloxi (Tracy.)
September.

Lacinaria elegantula Greene.
Open pine barrens (Small). Summer.

Lacinaria elongata Green.
Low open pine lands (Small). Summer and fall.

Lacinaria gracilis Pursh. (Liatris pauciflosculosa Nutt.)
Slender Blazing Star.
Dry open pine barrens (Hilg Ms.). September-October.

TRILISA. Cass.

Trilisa odoratissima (Walt.) Cass. (Liatris odoratissima
Michx.) Vanilla Plant. Sweet-scented Deertongue.

Low wet pine barrens. Lincoln Co.; Lumberton; New Au-

gusta; Taylorsville; Picayune; Coastal Islands (Tracy). Au-

gust.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

MISSISSIPPI STATE GHOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

CARPHEPHORUS. Cass.

Carphephorus pseudo-liatris Cass.
McHenry; Bay St. Louis (Alli-

Low damp pine barrens.
Allison Herb.

son). September.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
GRINDELIA Willd. Gum Plant.
Grindelia lanceolata Nutt.
August.

South Mississippi (Mohr).
HETEROTHECA Cass.

Heterctheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britton & Rusby, (H. Lam-
arckii Cass.) Seaside Heterotheea.

Loose drifting sands along the coast. Gulf Coast and

Islands (Tracy) ; Cat Island; once noted in Adams Co., near

the River. August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

CHRYSOPSIS Nutt. Golden Aster.
Chriscp*is graminifolia (Michx.) Silver Leaf Golden Aster.

Light sandy soil in old fields and copses. Biloxi (Tracy) ;
Claiborne Co.; Tishomingo Co.; Lost Gap; Bay St. Louis

(Allison). August-September.
Allison Herb
Chrysopsis trichophylla Nutt. Hoary-leaf Golden Aster.
Open damp pine swamps. Biloxi (Tracy). October.
Chrysopsis scabrella Torr & Gray. Beach Golden Aster.
Dry sands along the beach. Bay St. Louis (Allison) ;
Gulfport. Fall. =
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

(Inula mariana L.) Mary-

Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Nutt.
land Golden Aster.

Dry open pine forests. Lauderdale Co.; Jones Co.; “lin-

Sailey); McHenry; Bay St. Louis (Allison),

August-September

Allison Herb.

pom! (TP:
Claiborne Co.; Coastal Islands (Tracy).

Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 273

Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh.) Nutt. (Amellus villosus Pursh.)
Western Golden Aster.
Dry soil. Assigned to Mississippi by Mohr; late summer.

CHONDROPHORA Raf.

Chondrophora nudata (Michx.) Britt. (Bigelovia nudata DC.)
Rayless Golden Rod.
Low pine barrens near the coast. Biloxi (Tracy); Bay
St. Louis (Allison). August-October.
Allison Herb

BRINTONIA Greene.

Brintonia discoidea Greene, (Solidago discoidea Torr. & Gray.)
Borders of woods and copses. Ocean Springs (Tracy) ;

Bay St. Louis (Allison). September.
Allison Herb

SOLIDAGO L. Golden Rod.

Solidago petiolaris Ait. (S. elata Ell.) Bushy Golden Rod.
Dry open woods (Mohr.). October.

Solidago caesia L. Blue-Stem Golden Rod.

Damp rich open woods. Tishomingo Co.; Lafayette Co.;
Ripley; New Albany; Hinds Co.; Warren Co.; Amite Co.
(Allison). Summer.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Solidago caesia paniculata Gray. (S. gracilis Poir.) South-
ern Blue-Stem Golden Rod.
Dry cherty hills. Northeast Mississippi (Mohr).

Solidago bicolor L. Silver Rod.
Dry open woods. Simpson Co. (Hilg Ms.) July Septein-
ber.

Solidago sempervirens L. Evergreen Golden Rod.
Littoral, bordering brackish marshes along the coast. Cat
Island. Summer and fall.

Solidago puberula Nutt. Downy Golden Rod.
Dry soil (Small). Summer and fall.

274 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Solidago erecta Pursh. (S. speciosa angustata Torr. & Gray).
Erect Golden Rod. '
Dry upland rocky ridges. Jasper Co. (Hilg Ms.) July-
August.

Solidago odora Ait. (S. retrorsa Michx.) Sweet-scented Gol-
den Rod.

Light dry soil in open woods. Tishomingo Co.; Amory;
Houston; Jackson; Lost Gap; Bay St. Louis (Allison). July-
August.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb..

Solidago tortifolia Ell. (S. retrorsa Pursh.) Twisted-leaf
Golden Rod.
Dry sandy or clay soil. Scooba. Fall.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Solidago fistulosa Mill. (S. villosa Ell). Villous Golden Rod.
Borders of woods and swamps. Bay St. Louis (Allison).

Fall.
Allison Herb

Solidago arguta Ait. (S. Muhlenbergii Torr. & Gray). Short
Serrate Golden Rod.
Northeast counties, in grassy open ground (Hilg. Ms.).
Summer.

Solidago serotina Ait. (S. gigantia Willd.) Late Golden Rod.
Damp edges of woods. Lafayette Co. September-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Solidago rugosa Mill. (S. altissima Ait.) High Golden Rod.
Damp low ground, bordering thickets and fields. Tish-
omingo Co.; Oxford; Jackson; Amite Co. (Allison); Biloxi

( Tracy). September.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Solidago Bootii Hook. Boot’s Golden Rod.
Dry open woods. Horn Lake; Mississippi City (Tracy) ;

Bay St. Louis (Allison). August-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 275

Solidago brachyphylla Chapm. (S. Bootii brachyphylla Gray).
Dry open pine barrens (Mohr). October.

Solidago Canadensis L. (S. altissima L.) Common Golden Rod,
A common weed along ditches and fence rows of old fields
throughout the state. Fulton; Oxford; Winona; Hinds Co.;
Smith Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ; Amite Co. (Allison). September- Oc-

tober. ~
Allison Herb

Solidago Canadensis scabriuscula Porter.
Smith Co. (Hilg. Ms.) October.

Solidago nemoralis Ait.
Dry open woods and fields. Lafayette Co. September-Oc-
tober.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

CHRYSOMA Nutt.

Chryscma pauciflosculosa Greene. (Solidago pauciflosculosa
Michx.) New-flowered Golden Rod.
Loose sands along the coast. Littoral belt (Mohr) ; Coast-
al Islands (Tracy). October.

EUTHAMIA Nutt.

Euthamia Caroliniana (L.) Greene. (Solidago tenuifolia
Pursh). Narrow-leaf Euthamia.
Lawrence Co. (Hilg. Rep.) ; Biloxi (Tracy) ; McHenry ; Bay
St. Louis (Allison). September-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Euthamia graminifolia (l.) Nutt. (Solidago lanciolata L )
Lance-leaf Euthamia.
Damp soil, borders of fields and open places. Pivayune;
Rankin. Summer and fall.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Euthamia leptocephala (Torr. & Gray) Greene. (Solidago lep-
tocephala T. & G.) Western Bushy Golden Rod.
Moist sandy soil. Biloxi (Tracy). August-October.

bo
-~l
lor)

MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

SERICOCARPUS Ness. White-Topped Aster

Sericocarpus linifolius (L.) B.S. P. (S. solidagineus Nees.)
Narrow-leaf White-topped Aster :
Low damp open woods. Philadelphia. Summer.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Sericocarpus asteroides (lL.) B. S. P. (S. conyzoides Nees.)
Large-flowered White-topped Aster.
Dry rocky, gravelly or sandy soil. Canton. August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Sericocarpus bifoliatus (Walt.) Porter. (S. tortifolius Nees.)
Mouse Ears.
Dry sandy pine barrens. Bay St. Louis (Allison;. July-
August.

Allison Herb
BOLTONIA L’Her.

Boltonia diffusa Ell. Spreading Boltonia.

Damp rich soil of low pastures and fields. Simpson Co.
(Hilg. Rep.) ; Biloxi (Tracy); Jones Co.; Hancock Co.; (All-
son; Jackson; Oxford. August-October.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

ASTER L.

Aster paludosus Ait. Swamp Aster.

Nearly always found on dry sandy uplands; rarely seen on
low wet soil. Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.; Simpson Co. (Hilg.
Rep.) ; Tippah Co.; Tishomingo Co.; Winona; Jackson; Clai-
borne Co.; Jones Co. (Allison); Bay St. Louis (Allison).
August-October.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Aster sagittifolius dissitiflorus Burgess. Arrow-leaf Aster.
Dry soil in open woods (Small.) Summer and fall.

Aster concolor L. Southern Silky Aster.

Dry sandy soil of open woods and fields. Tishomingo Co.;
Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co.; Jasper Co. (Hilg. Rep.); Bay St.
Louis (Allison). October-November.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

INO! ANC FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS

be
~
“A

Aster adnatus Nutt. Small Leaf Aster.
Upland pine barrens. Covington Co.; Jones Co. (Allison) ;
Smith Co.; Marion Co. October-November.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Aster Novae-Angliae L. New England Aster.
Rich damp soil, edges of thickets and fields. Jackson.
October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Aster patens Ait. (A. amplexicaulis Michx.) Spreading Aster.
Dry soil of open woods and old fields. Lafayette Co.;
Smith Co. (Hilg. Rep.); Tishomingo Co.; Ripley; Jackson;

Claiborne Co.; Jones Co. (Allison). August-September.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Aster patens tenuicaulis Mohr. Slender spreading Aster.
Dry open soil. This variety is perhaps the prevailing form
throughout the state.

Aster patentissimus Lindl.
Dry soil (Small)). Summer and fall.

Aster camptosorus Small. Walking-leaf Aster.
Probably found once before flowering on Pontotoe Ridge
near New Albany. Fall.
. Geol. Surv. Herb.

Aster azureus Lindl. Sky-blue Aster.
Dry open woods. Smith Co. (Hilg. Ms.); Lafayette Co.;

Claiborne Co.; Jackson. October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Aster undulatus L. Wavy-leaf Aster.
Dry open woods and thickets. Smith Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ;
Clinton (Dr. T. P. Bailey); Jackson. September-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Aster cordifolius L. Heart-leaf Aster.
Dry open woods and thickets. Smith Co. (Hilg. Ms.;
Beauvoir (Tracy). September-October.

Aster purpuratus Nees. (A. virgatus Ell.) Wand-like Aster.

278 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Shady banks of pine barrens streams. Jackson (Dr. T. P.
Bailey). Fall.

Aster laevis L Smooth Aster.
Dry open upland woods. Jasper Co. (Hilg. Ms.)

Aster ericoides L. Heath-like Aster.

Light dry soil, borders of fields and open woods (Mohr).
October-November.

Aster ericoides pilosus ( Willd.) Porter
with the last (Small). Fall.

Aster proteus Burgess.
Dry soil near the coast (Small) Summer and fall.

Aster multiflorus Ait. Many-flowered Aster.
Dry fields and prairies (Mohr). October.

Aster dumosus L. Bushy Aster.
Dry shaded sandy soil. Smith Co. (Hilg. Ms.); Jackson.
Fall.
Geol. Surv. Herb.
Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britton. (A. diffusus Ait.) Diffuse
Aster.
Moist banks. Smith Co. (Hilg. Ms.) ; Amite Co. (Allison).
August-October.
Allison Herb

Aster Tradescanti L. Tradescant’s Aster.

Open fields and swamps. Clinton (Dr. T. P. Bailey). Sum-
mer and fall.

Aster salicifolius Lam. (A. carneus Torr. & Gray). Willow-
leaf Aster.
Damp grassy banks of streams; prairies (Hilg. Ms.) ;Jas-
per Co. (Hilg. Ms.). October.

Aster paniculatus Lam. Panicled Aster.
Low open ground. Oxford. Fall.

Aster tenuifolius L. (A. flexuosus Nutt.) Salt Marsh Aster.
Brackish and salt marshes along the coast. Biloxi (Tracy) ;
Cat Island. September-October.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 279

Aster exilis Ell. (A. divaricatus Torr. & Gray). Seaside As-
ter.
Borders of ditches and marshes along the coast. Reported
at Clinton by Dr. T. P. Bailey. Possible error in diagnosis).
October

ERIGERON L. Fleabane.

Erigeron annuus (l.) Pers. (Aster annuus I.) Sweet Seabi-
ous.
Open fiields and waste places throughout the state. Sum-
mer.

Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) B. 8S. P. (EK. strigosus Muhl.).
Daisy Fleabane.

Dry open old fields throughout the state. Oxford; Hinds
Co.; Yalobusha (Hilg. Ms.) ; Amite Co.; Bay St. Louis (Alli-
son). May-July.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Erigeron pulchellus Michx. (EH. bellidifolius Muhl.) Lilac
Fleabane. ;
Open woods and edges of fields. Oxford; Tishomingo Co.
(Allison); Jackson April-May.
Allison Herb.

Erigeron Philadelphicus L. Philadelphia Daisy Fleabane.
Moist rich borders of fields and woods. Oxford; Jackson.
April-May.
Erigeron repens A. Gray. Creeping Fleabane.
Sandy coasts. Coastal Islands (Tracy). Spring and Sum-
mer.

Erigeron vernus (L). Torr. & Gray. (HE. nudicaule Michx.)

Vernal Fleabane.
Low wet pine barrens near the coast. Gulfport; Landon;

Picayune; Bay St. Louis (Allison). March-May.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

LEPTILON Raf.

Leptilon Canadense (l.) Britton. (Erigeron Canadensis L.)
Canada Fleabane.

By

280 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

A common weed in old fields throughout the state. Ox-
ford; Hinds Co.; Coastal Islands (Tracy) ; Bay St. Louis (AI-
lison). July-October.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Leptilon divaricatum (Michx.) Raf. (Erigeron divaricatus
Michx.)
Pastures and waste places. Carroll Co. (Hilg. Ms.). Sum-
mer.

Leptilon linifolium ( Willd.) Small. (Erigeron linifolius willd.)
Narrow-leaf Fleabane.
Old fields and waste places. Cat Island (Tracy). Spring
and fall. ;

IONACTIS Greene.

Tonactis linariifolius (L.) Greene. (Aster linariifolius L.)
Pine Starwort.

Dry sandy open woods. Tishomingo Co.; Lafayette Co.;
Claiborne Co.; Jones Co. (Allison); Biloxi (Tracy). Octo-
ber-November. |

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

BACCHARIS L.

Baccharis halimifolia Michx. Groundsel Tree.
Fresh and salt marshes alone the coast. Cat Island.-Octo-
ber.

PLUCHEA Cass.

Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC. Erigeron camphoratum IL.)
Salt Marsh Fleabane.
Littoral zone, in brackish and salt marshes. Biloxi (Tra-
cy); Bay St. Louis (Allison); Horn Island. October.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Pluchea petioata Cass. (P, foetida DC.) Strong-scented Plu-
chea. .
Low damp streams and ditch banks (Mohr). Fall

Pluchea foetida (L.) B.S. P. (P. bifrons DC:). Viseid Plu-
chea.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 281

Sorders of pine barrens ponds and ditches. Smith Co.
(Hilg. Ms.) ; Biloxi and Coastal Islands (Tracy); Bay St.
Louis (Allison), August-October.

Allison Herb.

ANTENNARIA Gaert.

Antennaria plantaginifolia (l.) Richards. (Gnaphalium plan-
taginifolium L) Plantain-leaf Cudweed.
Dry thin soil in open woods. Tishomingo Co. (Allison) ;
Oxford; Morton. March-April. ;
Geol. Surv. Herb.

GNAPHALIUM lL. Everlasting.

Gnaphalium Helleri Britton. Heller’s Everlasting.
Open woods and copses. Jones Co. and Amite Co. (Alli-
son) September.
Allison Herb.

Gnaphalium obtusifclium LL. (G.. .polycephalum _Michx.)
Sweet Everlasting.
Dry soil of old fields and borders of woods. Oxford; Hinds
Co.; Jasper Co. (Hilg. Ms.). July-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Gnaphalium purpureum lL, Purple Cudweed.
Open old fields and waste lands throughout the state.
April-June.

Gnaphalium spathulatum Lam.
Open waste grounds and pastures. Bay St. Louis (Alli-
son). Summer.
Allison Herb.

Gnaphalium undulatum Walt.
Sandy pine lands (Small). Spring and summer.

POLYMNIA L.
Polymnia uvedalia L Bear Foot.

Low rich shaded borders of woods and copses. Itawamba
Co.; Tippah Co.; Union Co.; Pontotoe Co.; Chickasaw Co.;
Hinds Co. April-May.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

282 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [ Bull.

SILP TE pla

Silphium laciniatum L. (*. gummiferum Ell.) Compass
Plant.
Dry open prairies. '«; elo; Scooba; seen once near Ox-
ford. Summer.

Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. Prairie Dock.
Grassy openings and prairies. Tishomingo Co.; Tupelo;
Noxubee Co. August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Silphium perfoliatum L. Cup Plant.
Rich moist soil on stream banks. Collins. Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Silphium scaberrimum Ell. Scabrous Rosin Weed.
Prairies and edges of fields. Oxford; Lost Gap; Jackson.
July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Silphium asperimum Hook. (S. radula Nutt.) Rough Rosin
Weed.

Dry open pastures and borders of fields. Lumberton.
Summer.

Silphium integrifolium Michx. Entire-leaved Rosin Weed.
Open prairies and upland fields. Houston; West Point;
Durant. Summer and fall.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Silphium asteriscus L. Common Rosin Weed.
Dry open sandy or rocky soil. Meridian; Batesville. Sum-
mer and fall

Silphium glabrum Eggert. Smooth Rosin Weed.
Dry open pastures and fields. Rocky Ford; West Point;
Heidelberg. Summer and fall.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

Silphium gracile A. Gray. Slender Rosin Weed.
Prairies and dry open fields and pastures. Amory. Sum-
mer.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS_ 283

HELIOPSIS. Pers.

Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) B.S. P. (H. laevis Pers.) Sun-
flower-like Oxeye.
Dry open woods. Yazoo City. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ECLIPTA L.

Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. (Verbesina alba L.) White-flower-
ed Eelipta
In moist soil along streams and in waste places. Oxford;
»Jackson; Claiborne Co. June-September.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

MELANTHERA ~ Rohr.

Melanthera deltoidea Michx.
Rich moist sandy soil. Waynesboro; Chunky; Rosetta. Sum-
mer.

Geol. Surv. Herb.
SPILANTHES Jacq.

Spilanthes repens (Walt.) Michx. (Anthemis repens Walt.)
Creeping Spilanthes.
Low damp pastures and fields. Vicksburg August-Oc-
tober.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

RUDBECKIA L.

Rudbeckia triloba L. Three-lobed Cone Flower.
Thickets and fence rows, often in prairies. Jackson;
Batesville: August-September.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Rudbeckia hirta L. Black-eyed Susan.
Dry upland pastures and old fifields. Oxford; Pontotoc;
West Point; Jackson; Bay St. Louis (Allison.) Summer and fall.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Rudbeckia longipes Moore. Hispid Cone Flower.
Fields and open woods. Vicksburg. Summer and fall.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

284 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Rudbeckia laciniata L. ~~ 1: ..:ie Cone Flower.
Rich moist prairie sois. Jackson; Tupelo; Scooba. Au-
gust-September.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Vahl. (Dracopis amplexicaulis Cass.)
Clasping-leaved Cone Flower.

Low damp fields and pastures. Grenada; Tehula; Vicks-
burg; Rodney (Dr. Perviance) ; Bay St. Louis (Allison) ; com-
mon along Illinois Central tracks from Jackson to Durant. Sum-
mer.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. (R. discolor Ell.) Golden Cone Flower.
Dry open woods. Vicksburg. Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Rudbeckia subtomentosus Pursh. Sweet Cone Flower.
Prairies; open ground along streams. Horn Lake. July-
September
Geol. Surv. Herb.

BRAUNERIA Neck.

Brauneria purpurea (l.) Britton. (Echinacea purpurea Mo-
ench.) Purple Hedge Hog Flower.
Dry open woods and prairies. Oxford; Jackson; Brook-
haven. Summer.

Geol. Surv. Herb.

TETRAGONOTHECA IL.

Tetragonotheca helianthoides L. False Sunflower.
Dry sandy soil of southern pine regions. Bay St. Louis
‘Allison. )
Allison Herb.

BORRICHIA Adans.
Borrichia frutescens (L.) DC. (Buphthalmum frutescens L.)
Sea-Oxeye.
Salt marshes along the coast. Biloxi; Gulfport; Bay St.

INOS LT] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 28:

ol

Louis (Allison) ; marshy borders of Cat Island. August-Octo-
ber.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

HELIANTHUS L. Sunflower.

Helianthus angustifolius L. Narrow-leaf Sunflower.

Very common in edges of lowland fields and waste lands.
Ripley ; Lafayette Co.; Panola Co.; Carroll Co.; Grenada; Wi-
nona; Hinds Co.; Warren Co.; Jones Co.; Tylertown; Ocean
Springs (Tracy). September-October.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Helianthus heterophyllus Nutt. Naked-stemmed Sunflower.
; Low damp pine barrens. Biloxi; Bay St. Louis (Allison).
October-November.
.Geol. Surv. Herb.

Helianthus laetiflorus Pers. Showy Sunflower.
On dry prairies and pine barrens. Jackson; Jones Co.
(Allison). August-September.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Helianthus divaricatus L. (H. truncatus Schwein.) Woodland
Sunflower.
Dry open woods. Oxford; Lost Gap. July-August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Helianthus giganteus L. Giant Sun-flower.
Along ditches and creek banks in low open ground. Jack-
son; Bogue Chitto bottoms near Brookhaven. Forest; Gre-

nada Co. September-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Helianthus hirsutus stenophyllus T. & G.

Dry open woods in the southern pine region (Mohr.) Au-
gust-September.
Helianthus strumosus lL. Pale -leaved Wood Sunflower.

Dry open woods. Jackson; Brookhaven. July-August.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Helianthus glaucus Small. Southern Smooth Sunflower.
Dry sandy open woods. Oxford August-September.

286 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

VERBESINA L.

Verbesina occidentalis (L.) Walt. (Siegesbeckia occidentalis
L.) Wayside Crownbeard.
Low damp borders of fields and thickets. Southern coun-
ties (Hilg. Rep.). September.

Verbesina Virginica L. White Crownbeard
Rich soil in open woods. Bay St. Louis (Allison). Sept.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

ACTINOMERIS Nutt.

Actinomeris squarrosa Nutt. (Verbesina alternifolia (L.)
Benth.) Crownbeard.
Rich moist soil, borders of fields. Oxford; Ripley; West
Point; Simpson Co. (Hilg. Ms.) Summer.
Allison Herb.

Actinomeris paniculata (Walt.) Small.

Rich damp shaded soil edges of woods and creek banks.
Tishominga Co.; Claiborne Co.; Amite Co. (Allison) Septem-
ber.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

COREOPSIS L.

Coreopsis gladiata Walt. Smooth Coreopsis.
Low damp pine barrens (Mohr.) | September-October.

Coreopsis angustifolia Ait. Narrow-leaf Coreopsis.
Low flat pine barrens. Bay St. Louis (Allison). Septem-
ber-October.
Allison Herb.

Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Garden Coreopsis.
Old fields and waste places; escaped from cultivation. Ox-
ford. May.

Coreopsis Drummondii (D. Don) Torr & Gray; (Calliopsis
Drummondii D. Don). Drummond’s Coreopsis.
Grassy glades on shore of Mississippi Sound. Pascagoula
(Mohr.) Summer.

Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg. Great-flowered Coreopsis.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 287

Dry light soil. Oxford; Jackson (Dr. T. P. Bailey). June-
August.

Coreopsis lanceolata L. Lance-leaf Coreopsis.

Dry light soil in open woods and old fields. Oxford; Gre-
nada; Jackson; Brookhaven; Landon; Bay St. Louis (Allison).
May.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
Coreopsis crassifolia Ait. (C. lanceolata villosa Michx.) Hairy

Coreopsis.
Dry open pine forests.. Jackson (Dr. T. P. Bailey). June.

Coreopsis Leavenworthii Torr. & Gray.
Moist pine lands. Lucedale; Hurley. Summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Coreopsis pubescens Ell. Star Tickseed.
Moist rich soil, banks of streams. Brookhaven. July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Coreopsis auriculata L. Meadow Coreopsis.
Moist open woods. Tishomingo Co.; Jackson; Jones Co.
(Allison). May.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Coreopsis major Walt. (C. senifolia Michx.) Wood Coreopsis.
Dry open sandy upland woods. Tishomingo Co.; Benton
Co.; Newton Co.; Ripley; Hattiesburg. July-August.

Coreopsis cardaminefolia (DC.) T. & G. (Calliopsis cardamine-
folia DC.) Cross-leaved Tickseed.
Moist open soil. Biloxi. May-September.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Coreopsis tripteris L. Tall Coreopsis.
Damp rich soil in edges of woods and thickets. Oxford ;
Itawamba Co.; Ripley; Clinton (Dr. T. P. Bailey) ; Lost Gap.

July-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

BIDENS L. Beggar Ticks. Bur Marigold.
Bidens frondosa L. Stick Tight. Common Beggar Tick.

288 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

Low rich soils; edges of fields and thickets. Oxford ; Car-
roll Co.; Starkville (Tracy) ; Jackson (Dr. T. P. Bailey). Sum-
mer.

Geol. aan Herb.

Bidens bipennata L. Spanish Needles.
Low rich soil; borders of fields and waste places. Lafay-
ette Co.; Carroll Co. September-October.

Bidens aristosa mutica. (A. Gray) Weigand.
Swamps (Small). Summer and fall.

Bidens coronata (l.) Fisch. (Coreopsis aurea Ait.) Golden
Flowered Coreopsis.

Moist rich soil in pine regions. Jackson’ (Dr 4P;
Bailey); Bay St. Louis (Allison) ; Gulfport. September-Octo- -
ber.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Bidens trichosperma (Michx.) Britt. (Coreopsis trichosperma
Michx.)
Swamps and wet meadows. Oxford; Picayune. August-
October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

ACTINOSPERMUM EIL.

Actinospermum uniflorum (Nutt). Barnh. (Baldwinia uni-
flora Nutt.) One flowered Baldwinia.
Open damp pine barrens near the coast. McHenry; Pica-
yvune; Landon; Gulfport; Biloxi (Tracy); Ocean Springs;
Woodland. August.

MARSHALLIA Schreb

Marshallia graminifolia (Walt.) Small; (Marshallia angusti-
folia Pursh). Narrow-leaf Marshallia.
Low wet pine barrens. Picayune; Jackson Co. August-
September.

Marshallia trinervia (Walt.) Porter; (Marshallia latifolia
Pursh.) Broad Leaf Marshallia.

No. 17] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 289

Light sandy soil, edges of ponds and ditches. Iuka;

Leakesville. Spring and summer.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

HELENIUM lL.

Helenium tenuifolium Nutt. Bitter Weed.

A troublesome weed in pastures and waste places. Ox-
ford; Hinds Co.; Rankin Co.; Grenada Co.; Jefferson Co.; Bay
St. Louis (Allison) ; Coastal Islands (Tracy). Summer and fall.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Helenium nudiflorum Nutt. (Leptopoda brachypoda T. & G.)
Low Sneeze Weed.
Dry open soil, pastures and waste places. Oxford; Gre-
nada; Bay St. Louis (Allison.) June-July.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Helenium autumnale lL. Common Sneeze Weed.
Damp pastures and borders of ditches. Jackson; Rankin
Co.; Jones Co. (Allison) ; Tippah Co. ~ August-September.
Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Helenium vernale Walt. (Leptopoda puberula McBride) Ver-
nal Sneeze Weed.
Low banks along pine barren streams (Mohr.) Spring.

Helenium brevifolium (Nutt.) Gray, (Leptopoda brevifolia
Nutt.) Short Leaf Helenium.
Wet sandy soil, edges of woods and thickets (Mohr.)
Spring.

ACHILLEA L. Yarrow.

Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow.
Open waste ground throughout the state. Summer and
fall.

Geol. Surv. Herb.
ANTHEMIS L.

Anthemis cotula L. (Maruta cotula DC.) May Weed. Dog
Fennel.

290 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

An offensive weed in waste lands around dwellings. La--
fayette Co.; Hinds Co. April-June.
Geol. Sury. Herb.

CHRYSANTHEMUM L.

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. (Leucanthemum vulgare
Lam.) Oxeye Daisy.
Pastures and open waste lands. Not very common any-
where. Oxford. May-July.

ERECHTITES Raf.

Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. (Senecio hieracifolius L.)
Fire Weed.
In woodlands and thickets, common after fires. Bay St.
Louis (Allison) ; Coastal Islands (Tracy.) Summer.
Allison Herb.

SENECIO L. Groundsel.. Ragwort.

Senecio obovatus Nutt. (S. aureus obovatus Torr. & Gray)

Ovate Leaf Ragwort.
Dry open upland woods. Tishomingo Co. (Alliscn). May.
Allison Herb.

Senecio lobatus Pers. (S. lyratus Michx.) Butter Weed. Yel-
low top.
Low rich freshly cleared fields throughout the State. Tish-
omingo Co.; Lafayette Co.; Hinds Co. April-May.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.
Senecio Smallii Britt. (S. aureus angustifolius Britt.) Small’s
Groundsel.
Dry pastures, old fields and open woods (Small.) Spring.

MESADENIA Raf. Indian Plantain.

Mesadenia atriplicifolia (L.) Raf. (Cacalia atriplicifolia L.)
Pale Indian Plantain.
Rich moist woodlands and thickets. Ackerman; Hatchie
Hills of Tippah Co.; Fulton. June-July.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Wee LC FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS 291

Mesadenia ovata (Walt.) Raf. (Cacalia ovata Walt.) Ovate
Leaf Indian Plantain.

Low rich soil of thickets and open woods; prairies (Hilg.
Ms.) Bay St. Louis (Allison) ; Booneville; Tylertown; Mead-
ville; Picayune. Summer and fall.

Geol. Surv. Herb. Allison Herb.

Mesdenia lanceolata (Nutt.) Raf. (Cacalia lanceolata Nutt.)
Lance Leaf Indian Plantain.
Wet banks of pine barrens streams. Lyman. August-
September.
Geol. Surv. lierb.

Mesadenia tuberosa (Nutt.) Britt. (Cacalia tuberosa Nutt.)
Tuberous Indian Plantain. Indian Potato.

Low prairies and damp meadows. Tishomingo Co.; Lafay-
ette Co.; Carroll Co. (Hilg. Rep.) Summer.

ARCTIUM L.

Arctium minus Schk. (lappa minor DC.) Smalller Burdock.
Open waste lands. Oxford. July-August.

CARDUUS L. Thistle.

Caruus spinosissimus Walt. (Cnicus horridulus Pursh.) Yel-

low Thistle.
Lov moist s°ndy soil. Gulfport (Dr. T. P. Bailey). April.
Carduts Virgin’: nus L. (Cnicus Virginianus Pursh.) Virginia

Thistle.

Dry open upland woods. Jackson; Gulfport; Oxford;
Amite Co. (Allison) ; Bay St. Louis (Allison). August-October.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Carduus altissimus L. (Cnicus altissimus Willd.) Tall Thistle.
Moist rich soil in fields and thickets. Amite Co. (Alli-

son). September-October.
Allison Herb.

Carduus discolor (Muhl.) Nutt. (Cnicus altissimus discolor.
A.Gray). Field Thistle.

292 MISSISSIPPI STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [Bull.

In fields, pastures and along roadsides. Warren Co. Sum-

mer and fall.
Geol. Surv. Herb.

Carduus glaber Nutt. (Cnicus glaber Ell.) Smooth Thistle.
Dry pine woods. Littoral region (Mohr.) ; Coastal Islands
(Tracy.) Spring and summer.

THYRSANTHEMA Neck.

Thyrsanthema semisflosculare ( Walt.) Kuntze. (Chaptalia to-
mentosa Vent.) Vernal Chaptalia.
Low wet pine barrens. Wayne Co.; Hattiesburg; Wiggins;
Picayune; Back Bay at Biloxi; Bay St. Louis (Allison). Feb-
ruary-March.

~

Geol. Surv. Herh. Allison Herb.

ADDENDA:

The following should be added to their respective groups in the List:
Pellaea atropurpurea (L) Link. Cliff Brake.
Crevice plant in rock ledges of Tishomingo County.
Trichomanes radicans Sw. Alabama Bristle Fern.
Dripping sandstone rocks of Cave Spring, near Mingo Post O*fice, Tishomingo
County.
Andropogon ternarius Michx.
Dry open grounds. Ox*ord. Sept.-Oct
Sorgastrum ‘nutans (L.) Nash.
Dry open soil. Oxford. Late autumn and fall.
Paspalum longepedunculatum Le Conte.
Sandy soil. Horn island.
A. & M. College Herb.
Aristida palustris (Chapm.) Vasey.

Wet sandy swamps. Pascagoula (Tracy); Oxford Late summer and fall.
Spartina stricta maritima (Walt.) Scribn. Salt marsh Grass.
Salt marshes; Coast and Coastal Islands (Tracy.) Summer and fall.

Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Link.
Oxford. July.
Eragrostis nitida (Ell.) Chapm. Glossy Eragrostis.
Light sandy soil. Starkville; Columbus
A. & M. College Herb.

Festuca sciurea Nutt.
Dry soil. Starkville (Tracy).
Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Dwarf Barley.
Waste places; roadside (Mohr.) Summer.
Cyperus ovularis (Michx) Torr. Round-Headed Cyperus.
Damp open ground. Yalobusha Co. (Hilg. Ms.); Coast (Tracy). Summer
Stenophyllus stenophyllus (Ell.) Britton. Tufted Stenophyllus.
Dry sandy soil, near the Coast. Autumn.
Nymphaea advena Soland. Yellow Pond Lily.
Slow-moving streams, and ponds. Lampton; Tylertown; Brookhaven, Summer.
Ranunculus muricatus L. Prickly-Fruited Buttercup.
Along ditches and creeks. Jackson. April - May.
Chamaecrista littoralis Pollard. Seaside Chamaecrista.
Sandy soil near the coast ( Small).
Kuhnistera gracilis (Nutt.) Kuntze. Slender Prairie Clover.
Grassy open pine barrens. Biloxi (Tracy); McHenry. Fall.

Canavalia obtusifolia (Lam.) DC.
Sandy soil. Coastal Islands (Tracy).

Hibiscus lasiocarpus Cav.
Swampy soil. Greenwood. Summer and fall.
Houstonia rotundifolia Michx. Round-Leaf Houstonia.
Dry sandy soil. Hattiesburg; Bay St. Louis (Allison); Coastal Islands (Tracy);
Biloxi. March - April.
Adopogon dandelion (L.) Kuntze. Dwarf Dandelion.
Dry open sandy soil. Tishomingo Co. ((Allison); Oxford; Jackson. Spring.
Helianthus mollis Lam.
Dry soil. Grenada.

Actinospermum angustifolium (Persh.) T. & G.
Sandy coasts; Coastal Islands (Tracy). Summer.

NAMES OF PLACES MENTIONED IN THE TEXT

Nekerman=. == 2225 === Choctaw Co. McHenry yee es 2) oe Harrison
ING NOTRY = Se Monroe Co. Meadvillet snes ane a ae Franklin
init, re Lowndes Co. Mendenhall ete ee aaa Simpson
ieee 2) Se Ss Michigans Gitygee seas Benton
Rateswillove:=_ = eae be Panola Co. Mississippi City. — === Harrison
BavounGraveline s2e2—-s se ==—-ene—— = —— Monticellaye sa se Lawrence
avEstebouis s5--s---0 aoe Hancock Co. Montrosete cee te eo ome Jasper
Paratha eT Ses Humphreys Co. Mortontisceae 2 ee eee oe ee Scott
loses on eae ee i ee Harrison Co. IMosSPR On teas se =e eee Jackson
Biackwhawk = 2225-552 > Carroll Co. INabehezs aa ae. eee et ee ae Adams
Rooneville so nee Prentiss Co. Newton =sae2 = Soe Sa Newton
Brookhavents—--—-=-s. = Lincoln Co. INewsAlbany\222 22 =" eis == Unnion
Cantonuee == ee Madison Co. News Augustay 22 22555 se Perry
@arroliton. 22622 oS = Carroll Co. INNES eee Harrison
Gharleston: 2=224.22=2——- Tallahatchie Co. Ocean Springs ~---------~_- Jackson
Ghrunkeysee = Newton Co. Okolonay see ee Chickasaw
(Glintoneee ee eee AL ae hhals (Glo, Obiakor) Se eS Lafayette
Gollins teen sae Ba ae Covington Co. Pascagoula ~---_____________ Jackson
Colum bite ee Marion Co. Pass Christian ~------_-_~_ Harrison
Columbus) 2—-22-—)——--=—— Lauderdale Co. Eeniladelp brag ae eee Neshoba
GrystaleSprings ==25--——-— == Copiah Co. FR LCAY RING |= eee a ere Pearl River
Mecatureoes en aed Tea Newton Co. Pontotoc —--________-______ Pontotoc
Delalby fesse oe ee Kemper Co. Poplarville ------________ Pearl River
Buen Gees tee Holmes Gow Lert: Gibson, 222 eas ===s = Claiborne
Hashportysee ee eee ee Tishomingo Co. Potts Camp ---------_-_____ Marshall
mibtenp ri Somes a se ee eee Glarke Go, Prentiss —==---===-—= Jefferson Davis
IHenLnCSS) tse oe ean Choctaw Co. Ripley os. 5-5. Ss Tippah
HlemrnwOOdt mie ett sa ee ee PikerCome GR Oer Stee een ean ee Newton
iHaxtveanbleaul === = a Jackson Co. Rockporte (Old) jesse Holmes
Ln liars «Se oe SE eee Itawamba Co. ROdNe ys ee ee Jefferson
Gloster see wate he ee TS [Mathis (Gay INOS a =a Wilkinson
Grenand ae ewe ae ee Grenaday Cone bOxCVge =e ee Franklin
Greenwood stain ae ee Leilene (Ca, eal) 2 eee Lee
Gulfport Soe ee Harrison Co. Satartias = eee Yazoo
atchiesEilish t= eke eS remiss Gp, S@OCR spas Sos Kemper
Mathes burg. == 2-2 Forrest Co. Sessums ~-~--------------- Oktibbeha
inlaymessaB lutte oe Warren Co. SINWIOUIE), a Clarke
TREES EN Sores Se Sea ee a Jasper Co. Silvarena ~------------------_ Smith
lolcomps 2 ee ee Grenada Co. Star ------------------------ Rankin
Holly Springs sn ae ae Marshall Go, ‘Starkville ~-_----==----="— Oktibbeha
Honneakers += ete DeSoto Co. State duines22- Sarees ee Wayne
ERO TIS COT P= ee eens ok Chickasaw Co. Taylor ->------------------ Lafayette
Howell Spring ~_--_-_-___- Lafayette Co. Taylorsville!’ 22202322 eee Smith
(3 qbid (hy) SE A eee Jackson Co. Tchula =----- er Holmes
ice Tishomingo Co. Tishomingo City ~------~- Tishomingo
Mites OTe oP een a ee Hinds Co. Toomsuba See eee ee Lauderdale
TUE - oi eR Rep rea Semen (Sey, twas) es Coahoma
Mandona =o. ere ee Harrison Co MUpElO was oo Se es eee Lee
Lauderdale Springs________ Lafayette Co. Yylertown -—---____________ Walthall
iLiad | 2 ee ee eee Jones Co. Utica: 22525 — ee ieee See Hinds
Menkes villowes. se aowce a6 Grose (Gp, Newel 2a Carroll
LAG RY a a ee Kniten Got Vacksbourey eee See Warren
Mos Gap ie iberGlachie em, NAesdw? Soe ee Jasper
MCE aes nen Re Ea George Co. Wiarreriton, «2225-252. Warren
Meraborionpee ce snr 5 ae Lamar Co. Wistve end eee Hancock
LEsRTESR EL Se a Pe Harrison Co West Boimt}222—5 es See eee Clay
Witeorime meee se ee A esas (Ce, NWIGSOS 2-25 eee Prentiss
WMadisonpesseet tn. ta Miteabeer Cin, MMHSERS sooo Harrison
Martin (now called Witlons (sess seee ee Montgomery

Patterson) ____________ Oriana Gin, . Woden) — 2 ee Chickasaw

Woodville: ae Wilkinson

Co.

HNL mT

MACKENZIE

WITHDRAWN
FROM HSNY LIBRARY

LIBRARY OF THE

biasilitson di heel OF N. Y.
SASSY E

NEW YOR

lay UW SY

5 00287

ee ee ee Oe eee
ie Se tethepe aes
as hee YS)
;

vaso -8 tt

: ‘ : . * ISO ttsita fn
«or ; = Set : :
3
; : - =
gehen Sapa. Si een Eph AE MRE E Spans ‘
ee eaacdanebe es