Google
This is a digitaJ copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project
to make the world's books discoverable online.
ll has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enler Ihe public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vmy country to country. Public domain books
are our gateways lo the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover.
Marks, notations and other niaiginalia present in the original volume will appeal' in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from Ihe
publisher to a library and finally lo you.
Usage guidelines
Google is proud to partner with librai'ies to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we Lue merely Iheir custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order lo keep providing this resource, we have takeD steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
We also ask that you:
+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.
+ Refrain fivm aiftomated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system; If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a laige amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage Ihe
use of public domain materials for these purposes and maybe able to help.
+ Maintain attribution The Google "watermark" you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove ll.
+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring thai what you are doing is legal. Do not assume Ihat just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country lo country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assutne that a book's appearance in Google Book Search meatis it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe.
About Google Book Search
Google's mission is to organize Ihe world's information and lo make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search tlirough the full text of this book on the web
at lilitp :/ /books . google .com/
THE TUDOR
TRANSLATIONS
EDITED BY
W. E. HENLEY
IX
376617
THE TABLE OF THE NOBLE
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
compared by PLUTARKE of CHiERONEA
VOLUME III
't compared txoB 40
[oMipansd „ 107
ARISl'IDES
MARCUS CA'IX) -
PHlLOP(EMEN
T. Q. FLAHIINIUS
PYBRUS .
CAIUS MARIUS
LYSANDER .
SYLLA .
CIMON .
LUCULLUS .
see VOL.
PACK
„ 76)
« no
163
£24)
compared „ 8S0
» 488
£65)
f compared
THE LIFE OF
••*■'.
MARCUS CATO THE CENSOft'
AKCUS CATO aiid his Auiiccstcn, vfcrc (as
tlw-y *Hv) of the city of ThuMjuItim : but
before he went luito tlie warreH, and ddt in
matters of the common wealth, lie dwelt
and lived in the coutiy of the Saby-nes,
upon ccrtcinc land his father left him.
And though to nmny, his auncr^teTs were
kiiowcn to hiive bcin; obsciirr; yot hi- hini
self did highly coniiiifiidc his father Marciix, by iK-ariiig his
name, and saying hv wa.i a>ouldicr, luid luul NCrvc-d valliantly
in the flelde. And he telletli alto at an oUtcr Cato that was
his great gnndfatlier, who for hin valliant neniee had Ijcnc
oft: rewanicd of the generali, with iiuch honorable giftes, hk
the Romainei did use to geve unto them, that had done some
famous act in any Uittcll : and how that he havinge lost five
horses of service in the warres, the value of the same were
n-storcd to liim againe in money of the common tKeasure,
btcausc he had shewed ltim»clfc trusty (uid valliant for the
common wealth. jViid where tliey had a common kjhx-cIic at
Rome t«> call tlKin u(»tftrU-», that were no gentleinvn btiniv,
but did r'lfv bv verttie : it fortuned Cato to be called onu nf Cato catM
them. And (or his parte, he did confease it, that he was **> ««p"t«'t.
of the liRtt of the hoiiBe that ever had honor, and office of
state : but by rearan of the noble actes and good service of
his auncestors, be maintained he was very aimdcnt He was
called at the beginning afler hi« third name, PriscuTi: but
afterwardes by reason of his gn-at vrisedoni and expcrkticr.
3: A I
of thii words
Catd.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
MARCUS he wfts sumamcd Cfttq, "bicitusc the RomunvK cull a wise mail,
("ATO and him thnl Iwith* sCciic much, Cato. He wiw somewhat
llie delinitioa eevni to bt rvtid* fi>ood, oiul had u paver of KtAiinf; ey<yi in
his bcude, a^ thi* mati telleth uk, that for ill will wrote these
ventes of liiitt iif^r hin death :
Pluto (the f(oA) which ruled the furien iiifernttll,
wU) tiot rM«iv« the dunued stiMt, of Porciua Id hk hall:
',hi# uucy coppered ddm, ■Daflerv staring evm,
. '., hU eommoit slftiinderouii XnXfi, whkh he dl<l In thi> world d^Mi
.'^/.■■" Biad« Pluto utando lii dread thut he would brawle in h«ll,
>. ' '. ' iilthntitrh hi* bon<« were drio and dead, nii cnrth he ww m fell.
Cetoeeijuaan Purthernion.-, toucltinge the ili)>[>(»ition of hit body, he
u)d Itfe. ' was mnrvelouis ntnmge «id lusty, aiid all bicauHc he did u»e
to labor and toyle e\eti fnim his vnitli, and to li^e sparingly,
A«one that wa.t ever bmught up in th^ wanvJifraRihi* youth:
so that he was of a verj' good constitucion, l)oth for Htrenoth
of body, OS for health also. As for utterance, he esteemed it
as a seoonde body, and most neccssarie gift, not onelv to
make men honest, but alM> as a thinge very requisite tor a
man that should boorc sway and authoritJe in the common
wealth. He practised to :tp«akc well in litlc villages nn-re
home, whether he went many tiine-t to plead mcnnw eauses
in courtk-s judiciall, Uiat wmiid retaine him of uiun-iell : so as
in »lii>rtc time he became a perfect pleatler, and liad tongue
Catoaoexeel- at will, and in proeewc of time became an excellent orator.
tentemtor. After he was thus well knowen, tJiey that were familiar with
him, began to perceive a grave manner and behaviour in his
life, and a eertainc noble mindc in him, worthie to be
employed in matters of state and great importance, and to
be caUcd into the common wealth. For he did not onely
refuse to take fees for his pleading, and following the causes
he niainteined : but furthermore mode no reckening of the
ertimacioii he wanne by that manner and practise, as though
that was not Oie only marke he shot at But hi* desire
reached further, rather to winne him st-lfe fnnie by service in
tiie warres, and by valliant fightinge with hin enemie ; then
with such a quiet and pleasing manner of life. Insomuch
OS when he was but a younge stnplinge in maner, he had
many cuttcs apon his bnst, which he had received in diverse
S
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
battella and encounters asainst the enemieti. For he him
selfe WTTteth, that be was out serenteene j-eare old, when he
w«nt first unto the- w&ms, which was atmut t)i« time of
HonnibalU chitfi- prospt-ritic, when he &poyled and destroywl
aJI Italic. So when hcaune to iigliti he would strike hL^tvl v.
and nv^'er sturrv UmU: nor gevc backe, tuid woulde \iHii,e
cruelly ttppon hii enemie, and thrvatcn him with a feare-
full and tOTible voycf, which l>e uM-d him wife, and wisely
taught other alao to use tJie like : For Huch countcnaunces,
aayed he, many times doe feare the enemies more, then the
aworde ye ofler them. When he went any jortwy, he ever
nuuvbea a foote, and caried bis annour apon bk iuu:kv, and
h«l a man waytitige on him that caried hts vittellsi with him,
with whom he was never anj^ (as they say) for any tbinf; be
had prepared for his dinner or Kuupcr, t>ut did helpe to drottte
it him wife for tlie most [Mrte. if he iind any leasure, wlten
be bad done the duety nf a privntit iw>uldier in fortifying the
campe, or Huch utJit-r nedefull buKine«»e. All the while he
was abronde in »er%'ice in the warres, he never dranckc other
then cleane water, unlcsse it were when he founde he was not
well, and then he woulde take a litle vioeger : but if he saw
be were wcake, he woulde then diinkc a litle wine. Now
it fortuned, that Manius Curius the Romaine, who had
triumphed thrisr, baddc a prety Iioum.* and landc hard by
Cato, where be kept in timc^ im.tt, which Cnto for a walk'e
would vJMte oft. And he coiisuU-Hng how litle iwnde he bad
to his houNC, and wluit a litle huu.ie he luul wittuiU, and
bow poorely it was built, wondered with him Kelfe what
inaner of man Curius had bene, that having bene the greatest
roan of Rome in bis time, and having subdued tlie mightiest
nations and people of alt Italie, aiKl driven kinge PjTrus also
out of the same: yet him selfe with his ownc handes did
manure that litle patche of grounde, and dwel in so poore
and nnall a farme. Whether notwithstanding, after his
three tr4ump)K>s, the Samnytes sent their AmlMJtsadors to
visite him, who fouiide him by the fyent side seething of
peraeneapai, and pretented him a marvelous deole of golde
Don their state and communaltv. But Curius returned
them ogaine with their gold, and told tliem. tltat such as
MARCOa
CATO
Catoawiiildier
*l IT iresrca
of age.
A Kriaime
lot^a, gtrretb
tomir utha
eiiemj'.
Tbia Mania*
Curiui aver-
ihrew klnsa
rjmis b^w
KOD«riJloft£e
Tnreiitiiieo.
CaUi the elder,
xiadered at
ilie thrifUoes
»f Msnlua
Curina
Tbcmoda
doDofMsiuuB
Ciuioi.
,1 - - —
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
MARCL'S were contented witb that supper, had no nede of gold nor
CATO silver : and tliat for his parte, nc thought it greater honor to
eoinniAtuide thera that had gold, then to have it him seUe.
Cato reuiembring these thitig>n to him Mlfc, went homt
agaioe. and begnnne to thinke upon his house, of his livinge,
of his family and Kervauntes, mul nl.so of his exp<-ncc« : and
to cut of all tiuperfliiouR diar^'N, and fell him Kclfv to labor
with his owDc hiuid(«, more then ever he hadde done before.
Furthermore, when FabiuH Maximus toolce the city of
Tarentimi acaine, Cato served under him l>eing verj' votmge,
where he fell into familiar acauaintanoe witli Nearcnus the
Pythagofiaii philosopher, in whom he tooke marvelous de-
limit to heare him talkc of Philosophy- Which Nearchua
held the same opinion of pleasure, that I'lato did, by ealliiure
it the sweetc poyson and chiefest hayte to allure men to ill :
and saying that the body was the first plague unto the soule,
and that hiT onely health, ncmnly, and purgation itoode
Mix>n rules of reaiion, good exninplcs an<) oontvniplntions,
tfiat drive xiuful thoughts and eanmll pleo-tunrx nf liie txKly,
farre of from hei-. (^to moreover gave him «elfe mut-h to
■obriety and teinperaunce, and ftamed him aelfe to be con*
tented with litle. They say he fell in his very olde age to
the study of the Grceke tongue, and to reade Greeke bookea,
and that he pro6ted somwhat by Thucydides, but much
more by Dcmootlienos, to frame his matter, and also to be
eloquent. Whieh plainly appearcth, in all his bookcs and
writinges, full of authoritit^, examples, and stories taken out
of Gn'4-kv authore : aitd many of his sentenees and moralls,
hiw adages and quickc answers, art- translittcd out of the same
word for word. Now there win n noble man of Rome at
tJiat time, one of great authoritie, and a decpe wise man
Iteiides, who eoulde ea*ilv disceme huddes of vertue sprow-
tinge out of any towardly youth, who wa» of a good and
honorable disposition to helpe forwarde, and to advaunce
such. His name was N'alenus Flaocus, a neere neighboure
unto Cato, who was informed by his sorvaunts of Catoes
I life- straunge life, how he would be doing in his ground with his
owne hands : and how he would be gone evcrj- day betimes
in tlie momiog to litle villages tiieriiubout, to pleade mens
Nearchus th«
Pvtha^rinli
rbilotophrr,
CntOM Kbolfr-
nuirter.
Platoes
opinion of
plptmrp.
Cato learned
the Gri-ekc
unifui! in hii
Cato prolitoil
moct ny
DanMctbeDM
eloqacacfc
Valerius Flac-
mHafravc
wiMinan.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
eatu«s that prayed his coiiniuiill, luiil th«t wlicn he had doiie,
be would come' home againt' : anil if it were in wintrr, that
be would but co^t a litk- ooate on Iiik Khouldt^n, And being
sommer he would go out bare, luiked tu the wast, to
worke in his ground among bin Hervnunts and other worke-
mni : and would bend«, nit and eate with tbem together
at one borde, and drinke as they did. Moreover, they told
him nlxo a world of such manecs and facions which he used,
thai shewed [him] to be a marvelous plaine man, without pHde
uid of a good nature. Then they tolde him what notable
wi»e sayinses and gmve sentences they heard him sueake.
Valerius FUceiis hearing this reports of him, willed his men
one day to pray him to come to Mipper to him. Who
falling in acquaintance with Cato, and perceiving he wa«
of a ven,' good nature, uul wul given, and Oiat he wa« a
good gri'fTe to In.- wt in a better gnnmd : he pentwaded him
to eonn- to Rome, and to practise there in the assembly of
the i>e«)>le, in Uie connnon causes and alfayros of the common
wtue. Cato followed hLs oounsait, who having bene no long
practiaer among them, did erow straight into great estima-
cion, and wanne him many nvnds, by reason of the cause» he
tooke in band to defend: and was the better prefem^d an<I
taken also, by meanes of tlie speviall favour and cumiten-
aimcc Valerius Flwniii gave him. For first of nJI, by voyee
of thept-oiiie he w«»ch<»en Tnlwne of the suuldiervi, (to nay,
cotoncll of a tho4»and footenwn) and afterwards waa made
trouorer : and ko went forwards, and grew to so great credit
and authority, an he became Valerius Flaocus companion in
the chiefent oHiees of state, being chc«en Consul witli him,
and then Censor, Hut to begin withal, Cato made choise of
Quintus Kabius Maximus, above all the Senators of Ron>e,
and gave him selfe to follow him altogether: and not
so much for the credit and estimacion Fabius Maximus
was of, (who thcrnn exoedcd all the Ronuiin<« of tliat
time) as for the modesty and discrete govenin)mt he sawe
in him, whome he determini-d to followe, ftji a worthy myrror
and example. At which time ("ato jmiweti not for the malice
and evil will of Seipio ttte great, who did strive at that pre-
sent being but a young man, with tJie authoritie and great-
MARCUS
CATO
Catofcoelli
toHoiiH by
Viderias
riscctts
p«r«irMi»i.
C*to ch
CatOM frfliM*
in the S«iiate.
Cato toUomU
Faliius
ftlutimtiA.
CstMi eaia
iMion with
Seipbi Uie
gmA.
MABCC8
CATO
Cmta beiajte
trcaBOrer
tiiul«T Sci{iio
Afriium, re-
nrov«dliItD
for liU wMt-
Uti tijwtic**.
OrtoMeiiMtb
Scipia «f riot
CitoMelo-
f HMce, bb
■ontlMDtUfc,
•ad tttiMiiM
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
ntmt of Fabius Maximus, a> one that »eeme<l to envy hU
rJAiiige and greatnesse. For Cato beine sent ireasoKr with
Scipio, when he undertookc the jorney into Afrike, and per-
ceiving Scipioes bountifull nature ai>d disposition to larce
giflea without tneane to the souldicn: he toldc him plainly
one day, that he did not so much hurt the common WMlth in
wasting their treasure, an he did great liartne in c-haiin^ng the
auQcient maner of th<^ir HuiK'vstrrs : who uoi-d thoir touldiers
to be contented witli litlc, hut he taught them to xpendv
their iiupcrfliiou* money (all neoeasariefl provided for) in vaiiie
toye» and tritles, to nerve their pleasure. Scipio made him
auDSwere, lie woulde have no treasurer shoulde controll him
in that sorte, nor that should looke to narrowly to his ex-
pences : for his intent was to go to the wars, witn full say lea
as it were, and ttiat he woulde (and did aUo determine to)
make the state privie to all hi£ doinji^ but not to the mon»'
he spent. Cato hearing this auntwer, returned with spvde
out of Sicile unto Rome, crying out with Fabius Maximus in
open Senate, tlmt Scipio upeiit infinitely, and that he tended
places, coniiuedieit, and wrestlingeK, aa if he had not bene
•ent to make warrea, invasions, and atteraptea apoa their
eitvmiea. Apon this complaint the Senate appointed oerteine
IVibunea of the people, to goe and see if tneir informations
were true : and bnding them so, that they should bring him
backe againe to Rome. Rut Scipio shewed farre otherwise
to the commissioaczs that came thither, and made them see
^qMUSunt virtorte, thimigh the neceanur prcparucJon and
prorision he had made for the warre* : and be confmcd liao,
that when he had di.tpatched hi.i grettt buAiDewe, and was at
any leaiture, he would be privately merv with hi* ftends :
and tJiough he was tiberall to his aouldiers, yet that made
him not negligent of his duety and cliarge in any matter of
imoortance. So Scipio tooke shippinge, and sayled towardii
Airike, whether he was sent to make v&itq. Now to re-
tume to Cato. He daily increased still tn authority and
credit by meanes of his cftxjucnce, so that diverse called him
the Demosthenes of Rome: howbeit Uie maner of his life
was in more estimadou, thra his eloquence. For all the
youth of Rome did sceke to attaine to his vloquencv and
6
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
commencUdon of wordeo, and one envied an other which of MARCOS
tbem should come nearest: but few of tbem woulde fyle their CATO
bondes with any labor as their forefathers did, and make a
light supper and dinner, without fire or provision, or woulde
be content with a mcanc go^mt^, and a poorc lodging, and
finally woulde thinkc it more honorable to dvfj'c fansica and
plesKures, then to have and enjoy tbem. Bicau.te the state
wu waxen now of uich power and wealth, m it could no
moK rctaine the aundent diwiplinc, and fonner au«t«TitJe
and ttraitms of life it used : hut bv reason of tlie Inrgenes
of their dominion and seigniory, and tlie numl>crs of people
and nations that were become their subjects it was even
forced to receive a medley of sundry contrv faeions, ex-
amples, and manera. This was a cause, why ui reason men
din so greatly wonder at Catoes vcrtue, when they sawe
otber straight wearycd with paines and labor, tenderly
brought up like pulers: and Cato on the other sid« nevvr
oygrcommen, either with the one or with the other, no not
in his yoiiUi, when he moft coveted honor, nor in his age
also when he wiu gray headed and biddc, nfler his ConHiU-
■Kip and triumphe, but like a conqueror that had gotten
the nwistery, he would never geve over labor e^'en unto bin
dying day. For be writeth him selfe, that therv never came
gowne on his hacke that cost him above a hundred pence, Catoes woo-
and that his hyiides and worke men alwayes dronke no worse derfall UurtfL
wine, when he was Consul! and gcncrall of the amiie, then
he did him n-lfc : and that his cater never bestowed in meate
for his supper, above thirty Asses of Romainc money, and
yet he sayed it was, bicauw he might be the stronger, and
aptcr to do service in the wam« for his contry and the
common wealth. He wiyd furthermore, that being heirc to
one of liis frends timt d_v<il, lie had a pevn' of taiKStry
by him with a deepe border, which they called then the
babilonian border, and he caused it straight to lie solde :
and that of all his houses he bad abroade in the contry, he
bad not one wall plastered, nor rougfa caat. Moreover he
would say, be never bought bondeman or slave dearer, then
a thowsande five hundred pence, as one that sought not for
fine made men, and goodly pcrsona^jea, but strong fellowcs
MARCUS
CATO
C>tO«M
•hupuM.
' GentlciMtMie
Koelfa further
Utun jiutic«.
GentlcoMM
tobatued
unto brute
beutM.
A fvntle Uwa
mid» hy tlic
Atlmiaiia in
bToroftbeir
UboriDKe
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
ihaX could Away witli payiies, a* carters, horsclcepcrs neat-
hearde&, and such like : and Rgaxne lie wmilde sell Ihtm
wlien they were olde, bicause he uould not keepe them when
they couldc do no service. To conclude, he was of opioion,
that a mannc bought any thingc deere,that was for litJe pur-
pose : yea, though he gave but a fiuihing for it, he thought
tt to much to bestow so litlv, for that which needed not.
He would have men purchu.'te hoiutw, that hadde tnnrc store of
errable Imidc aikI pusture, then of line orteyanlw or ^u-dcin».
Some Haye, he didde t,hu«, for very niiiterit- and eovetoiLsnesM :
other tninke, and tooke it that he li\-ed ho spariiieely, Ui
move others by his example to cutte of all supcriiuitie and
w-ast Neverthelesse, to sell slaves in that Borte, or to tume
them out of dores when you liave hadde the service of all
their youth, and that they are growen olde, as you use brute
beastes that have screed wiiih-st they may for age: me thinkcs
that must necdes proceede of to scveare and greedie nature,
that hath no Icnger regnrde or considcrHcinn of humonitic,
then whilrat one i» able to doe an otlier eo<xl. For we see,
geiitleiicste gucth further then junticc. Rir nature te«chcth
uH to u.se juntice onely unto menne, but gentleneuie Home-
tiines is shewed unto brute beastes : and that commeth from
the very fountaine and springe of all eurtenie and humanitie,
wliich shoddc never drye up in any manne Iivinge._ I'or to
aaye truely, to keepe cast horaes spoyled in our scr*-ioe, and
dogges also not onely when they are whelpes, but when they
be olde : be even tmicns of love and kuidencsee. Ah the
Athenians made a lawe, when they builded their t«-mplc
callwl Ilecatompedon: that thcv shouldc suffer Uie movie*
an<l niulcttcs that di<l service in their cariages itbout the
buildingr of the »an>e, to graze everie where, without lette
or trouble of any manoe. And they say, there was one of
Ihnint moyles tlius turned at libertie, that came of her selfe
to the place to labour, goinge before all the other draught
beastes. that drewe uppe cartes loden towardes the castell,
and kept them coropanie, as though she si-cmed to encoragc
the rest to drawc ; which the people liked so veil in the
poore beast, that tliey appointed she shoulde be kept whilcst
slie lived, at the chaive of the townc. And yet at this
6
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
present are the gmrcs of Cimonx nuirni to be svcnc, that
wanne him thrive togt-thLT th<^ ^tu' (>f the liorw nu'V at
the games 0!i,Tnpwin. and thvy art- hardi- hy th« gmvv n{
Cimon him tvUv. WV hoan; of divcrae also Uiat haddc
biiriod thrir dogf^-s they brought upne in their house, or
that waytnl on thvm : as anionge otJier olde Xanthippus
biiricd hiH dogge on the toppe of a diSe, which is called
the dogges pit till this day. For when the people of Athens
did fomke their citie at the oommingc dowiic of Xerxes
the kinee, thi^ '^'^fl}^^ followed his master, sw-imminge in tlie
Hea bv nis gallics nide, from the fimie landc, unto the lie
< of Salamina, And there is no reason, to use livingc and
f aencible thingcs, as wc wouldc use aD olde slioov or a rngge :
I to cast it out apon tJic dongehill when wc have wonte it,
' and ean ktvc us no longrr. Fnr if it w«Te for no respect els,
but to use t» alwnycK to huniaiiitit; : we must ever tOiowe our
selves kindc ami gentle, even in such small poyntes of pitia
And as for mc, l i^ulde never finde in iny nart to sell my
drswght iHe that hadde plowed my Umde a longe time,
bicaii» he coulde plowe no longer for age : and mudi lesse
mv slave to sell him for a litle money, out of the contric
wKere he had dwelt a long time, to plueke him from his
(dde trade of life vrherewith he was best (UHiuninted, and
then specially, when he shnlbe as unprofitable for the buyer,
sa also for the seller. Dut Cato on the otiier side gloncd,
that he left his horse in S[>ayne he had Korved on in tlie
vams duringv his Ouisiilrtltip, bicause he would not put the
common wiidtli to the charge of bringing of him home by
sen into Italie. Now a (juextion mieht l>e made of this, ana
probable reason of either side, whether this was nchlenes, or
m niggardliHW in him : hut otherwise to say trucly, he was a
nuui of a wonderful abstinence. For when he was general of
tl)e army, he never tookc allowance but after three bu^oUs
wheat a moneth of the common wealth, for him selfc and
his whole family : and but a bushel and halfe of barley a
day, to keepc his hor^^ and othix bi-aste« fur bin cariiige.
On a time when he was l*nrt"r, tliu govenimiiit of the
He of Sardinia fell to his lot. And wht-n.^ tin- oUier I'netors
before him haddc put the cuiitry t<i exceeding great charge, to
8:B 9
MARCUS
CATO
XantliipMi
buriod nl*
doCTicUist
tvBmt by hu
fCaUjTM ilde
from AUlMIS
tASalsmba,
anil dy«4
wtiea ne
Undad.
CatM*
itruKht lifi
Cftto, PnrUit
in ^irdiniM.
MARCUS
CATO
C»ti>M neore-
nuc in hia
drouite.
Catow
severity.
CatncB speech
and writing.
71) e praise
nf Swrate*.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
fiiniish theni witJi tents, beddinj^, clothe^ and nucii like stuffe,
njid l)iirdcned tliem alno with a marvelouH traine of ftervaiinta
and their Trciida that waited on them, putting them to great
ex{)ence of feasting and bancketing of them : Cato in con-
trary maner brought dowiie all that esct-sse and BuperfluiUe,
unto a marvelous nccrc and uncrcdibic savingc. For wheD
he went to viaitc the citiw*. he camt- a footc to tht-m, and did
not put them to a penny charge for hint sclfe : and liad onelj
one officer or baihfc of the state, that wait«l on him, and
caricd his gownc and a ciippc with him, to offer up wine to
the goddcs in Win Nivrriftci.^ But t}u>ugh he come thug
»)mp[y to the Rubjects, and wLted them of their former
ciiarpTs, jet he shewed him st-lfe severe and hitter to thetn in
matters concerning justice: and spannJ no man, in any eom-
niaundement or service for the 6tate and common wealth.
For he was therein so predse, that he woiilde not beare
with any litle fault. So by this meanes, he brought the
Sardinians under hi* government, both to love and fvtvrc the
Empire of Rome, more then ever they did before. For his
grace Iwtli iti siH'akinge «iid wrir'tnigi- did rightly shewe him
selfe: bicniise it was pleiwiunt, and yet grave; sweet*- and
fearful!: mery and sevcarc: smtt'rntiouK, and yet familiar;
Huch as i.t meete to be !t|>oken. '^nd he wa.s to he comjiared*
afl Flato Kayed, unto Socrates : who at the first sight seemed
a plaine ainiple matme to them that knew him not outwardlvi
or else a pleasant tawnter or mocker : but when they did
lookc into nim, and found him throughly, they sawe he waa
full of grave sentences, goodly examples, and wise per-
swasions, that he coulde make men water their plaiitcs that
hcarde him, and leade thpm as he would by the carc^ There*
fore I can not see any reason that movu men to sayc, Cato
hoddc Lysias grncc and iitt(Ttuin<v. Xotwitlistandingr, lette
us referre it to tlieir juilgeuientes that make prufcNtjon to
disceme oratont graci^ and »tylei>: for my parte I sludl
content my »elfe to wiite at thiH present, onely cerlaine of
his notable sayinges and sentences, 'pentwadinge my selfe
that mennes manners are better discerned hy their wordes,
then by their lookes, ond so doe many thinke. On a time
he seeking to disawadc the people of Home, which wotdde
10
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
nocdn make a thankt-fuU diHtribtiticHi of come unto cvfriv MARCUS
citiu-ii, to no ptirpmr: bcgnnm* to niiikv nn oration with CATO
tliis preriux.- : It is ii hnnU- tliin>^r (my LorilcH of KoiiK') to ('atoe*
briiige tlie hvWk by pcntwasion to rt.-Hwii, thut hatli iio varva. wyiiige*.
And sn other time, reprovinge the ill gqvanaaent of the
dtie of Rome, he sayed : it was a hard thinge to kecpe uppe
that Btat«, where a litie tiahe was solde dearer then an ()xe.
He Gftyed aliw that the ItoniAines were like a flocke of oheepe.
VoT aareih he, as every weather when he is alone, doth not
obcj the shecpchL-ard, but when tlicy are all together t\u:y
one followc an other for love of the fonmest : even to luv
Qfor when you are together, you are all amtcntcd to bo
o by tlie noses by sucli, whose couiisoll not a miui idotic
of vuu wodlde use in luiy private cause of your owii«. And
taJkinge an oUht time of the (uitlmritic the woiiu-ii of Komc
htul over tlicir hushaiuKs. He »»yi-d : Otlwr men couiniaunde
tlteir wives and we oommaunde men, and our wives com-
m&und ufl. Uut this last of all, he borowed of Themiatoclcs
pUssaunt Bayings, For bin mnne making him do many ThtrmiiitoclM
things by meanes of his mother, be told his wife one day : "T"*-
The Athenians comnmund al Greece, I commaundc tnc
Athenians, you eommaunde me, and your sonne ruleth you.
I pray you therefore bid him use the libertie he hath with
some bettA^T discretion, foole and asse as he is, KJUiL-nce h«
can doe more by tliat power and authority, Ukii all t)w
Grctviam besides. He snyed aUo that the {Kvplc of Rome
did not onely delight in divers' Hortes of purple, Ixit likcwiae
in diverse jwrtes of exerdses. For !M»y<i he, as diverse com-
tnonly dye that cuUour they see lie^t tsteerned, and is most
plnnunt to the eye : even »o the lusty youthes of Rome doe
ihune them selves to »uch exercise, as they sec your selves
most like, and best esteme. He continually advised the Honor
Roomines, that if thdr power and greattws cante by their nouriihrth
vertuc and temperance, they should take hede tlwy became ""^
no chaungeling^, nor waxe worse : and if tliey came to tlmt
grcatne« by vice and violence, that then they «hoidd cbaunge
to better, for by tlmt mean<rs he knew very wel they had
attained U> great honor and dignity. A^iin Itv told tJiem,
tliat nueh M inicd ambitiously to beare t^oe in the common
n
MARCUS
CATO
pcrpatuity.
CaUi woulde
punUh faiia
tOtttn
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
wealth, and were common siiton for tticni : did st-mv to
he afraid to lose thi-ir way> iind tht-rforv would Ix- miiv bu
liavc iMhcra and scrf^caiits bofoi-e tJicni, to show thoiii the
wAy, IcBJit they xhoultl Uwc thniwelvw in tlie city. He did
reprove ibem alio, that ofliii i-hnsv one man, to continew
one office still : for it SLtMnt-tii, aaith he, either that you psase
not much for your officei'Si, or that you have not many
choi&enien you thinke worthy for the office. There was
an enemy of his that ledde a marvelous wicked and an
abominaole life, of whomc he was wont to say, that when his
mother nrnycd imto the goddes that nhe micht leave her
Eoiine Ix-ninde her, she did not thJnkc to pmv, nut to cune:
meaniiiKe to have him live for u iilafjue ti> tW world. And
to an other also that hml untlinflely wide hit* lands whidi
hix father had left him, lyin^ upon the tea side : he pointed
unto them with his lin^r, and mnde as thouffh he wondered
how he came to he so j^reat a man, that he was stn>nger
then the sea. For tliat which the sea hardly conaumeth, and
eateth into, by litlo and litlc a long time : he bad consumed
it all at a clappe. An other time when kinge Eumenes
was come to Itome, the Senate entertained him man-eloua
honorably, and the noblest citizens did strive, envying one
an utlier, who Khoulde welcome him Ik-st. But Cato in
contrary maner shewed plaiiiejy, that he did «us[K"ct all this
ftraxtinf^e and entertainetnent, and would not come at it.
When one of his familiar frendes tolde him, I marvell why
vou flie from king Kumenes companie, that is so good a
iMnce, and loves the Itomaines so well. Yea, sayed be, let
it be so, but for all that, a king is no better then a ravening
beast tiiat lives of the pray : neither was there ever any
kinge so Iia)>pie. that d«.«eTved to Ik- compared to Epami-
notidas, to PericJtw, to Thcitiintocies, nor ti> Manius Curius,
or to Haiiiylcar, .Minwimt'd linrca. They say his enemies did
iiuilit.'e him, bicau.ie lie unvd (^onlmonly to riw.- before day,
and did f<ir^^t hin ownv husines to folow niatten of state.
And he affirmed, that he had rather loose the rewarde of hii
well doing, ti\en not to be punished for doing of evil] : and
that he would bearc with all other offending ignorauntly, but
not with him selfc. The Romaincs having chosen on a time
IS
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
three Ambossadoni to aeaii into the rcjilinc of Bithynin,
out- of them having tlie gowtc in his fix-te, tin; uthtr hiH
betulc full of cuttes and great gaithvH, «i)d tiiti tliinl Iwiiig
but a foolc : Cato laughiuge, a&yd the Hoinalnei sent an
Amhawfle that had neither feete, heade, nor hart ijcipio
nued once to Cato at Polybiiis request, about those that were
baiUKh<il tram Achoiji. Tht- matter was argued aflerwardes
in the Senate, nnd tltvTe fell out divci^ opinions about it.
Some would liavc had them n-^tored to thtrir contric and
goodea againe : other were whully against it So Cato
roJnge up at the last, saycd unto Uiem : It sceme* we havi-
litle else to do, when we ataiul lx-»ling of our braiiiea all duy,
disputing about these olde Gri>ecia]iii, whether the Botnaines,
or the Achatans, shall bury tliem. In the end, tlie Senate
tooke order, they shoulde be reilored unto llieir contjio
afEKinc. ^VherviipiHin Polybius thought to make petition
agalnu unto the Senate, that the bamshed u>en whom tJi^
luidde restored b>' their order, might enjoy their former
eatatea and honon in Achaio, they had at the time of their
baniahmeut: but before he wuidd move the sute unto the
Senate, he woulde feele ('atoes opinion fintt what he thought
of it Who auuHwered him, xniyling : Me thinker Polybiits
thou art like Ulystes, that when lie hwl iM.-«in.-ii out of
Cyclops e&ve tlie g\'ant, he would nedn go thittter againe, to
fetch his hatte and girdell he had left beliinde him there.
He aayd also, that wise men did leame and profit more by
foolev, then foolea did by wise men. l-'or wise men sayd he,
do i*e the fmilts foolcs commit, and can wisely avoide them:
but fooles never study to follow the example of wise mens
doings. He «nvcd iiIko that ho ever liked young men better
tlmt ))lu>.h«], tfien those that looked ever whitely : and that
he woulde iiut have him for a souldicr. that wo^tgce his hande
as he goeth, ren>ovi-» his feete when he (ighteth, and rowteth
and snorteth lowder in hin »leet>e, then when he crielh out to
his enemy. An other time wlwn he woulde tmnit ii mar-
velous fatte man : See, saved he, what ^u<h1 can xuch a body
do to the common wealth, that fVom hL'> cliinne to lii-t eodde-
pcce is nothing but belly i' And to an otlier man tJiat waa
genm to pleasun;, and desired to be great with him : My
IS
MARCUS
CATU
Tbatlatoiaj'
uiiderttaod
Infc. Fat titty
Judged tltit
thvAMteof
rtiMon vas
ElMwd in til*
*Tt, follgw-
iucArutotlM
opinlou.
Itluihin^ In
ymuifaiiuatto
abMtertokaa
then poleoaa
MARCUS
CATO
A lover liveth
in «ii other
bwly.
CMo, and
Valfriuii Flac-
Ciu f.'onxulR.
CatocK daioRii
in SjMyiuk
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
frende, mtywl Cato, us rvfuKingc lii« iic()imintancc : I cad not
liw witli liiin thnt Imth better jiid^niE'iit in ttie [MilUitc of
his niouDi, then in his h».rt. This was aIho his xnyingv, tliat
the Houle of a lover, livi-d in an others body : and that in all
his life time he re]»entetl him of three tningts, 'Hie Brat
was, if that he ever tolde secret to any woman : the scconde,
that ever he went bv water, when he might have eone by
lande : the tliirdc, t^at he had bene Idle a whole daVt ^id
had doni- nothing. Also when he saw a vicious oldo man,
he would say, to reprove him : O gmv Iwardc, ace bring«.*th
many doforniittra wilh it, hvlpc it not V-sidcs with your vice.
And to n M-ditiiiti.t Tribtiriv of the iicopk- thnt wns suspected
to he a poysuniT, and would nixiim ^m.vti: sonic wicked law
by voyce of the ix-ople, ho woulde say : O voinij; ninii, 1 know
not which of tliese two l>e worse, to aiinke the dru^e*
thou geveat, or to receive the lawes thou ofterest. An other
time, Dcing reviled by one that ledde a lewde, and naughtr
life: Go tliy way, sayd he, I am no man to soolde witn
thee. For thou art so used to rc\-ilc, and to be reviled,
that it is not daynty to thee: But for niv selfe, I never
um: to hoare scalding, and much lc^»c dclitc to scoldv.
These bv his wise sayingcs wc findc writttii of him, whereby
we nmy tht? oasilitT conjecture his inanert and nature. Now,
when lie was chosen OmMtdl with hLs fivnd Valenus Flaccus,
tlie government of Spayne fell to his lott, that is on tliis
side of the river of lla^tis. So, Cato havinge subdued many
people by force of armes, and wonne others also by frendly
meanes : sodainly there came a marvelous great army of the
barbarous people against him, and bad environned him ao,
as he was in man'clous daunger, cither shamefully to be
tjikcn prisimiKT, or to be sitdiie in the ficldv. When-fore,
he sent i)rt^scntly unto tlif Celtib*.'rians, to prriy aide of them,
who weri- next nt-ighixHirs tnito the nuircrics where he was.
llieM Ceitil>tTians did aske him two hundred tai«iiti-s to
come and help him : but the Romain&s tliat were about him,
coulde not abide to hver the barbarous people to defende
them. Then Cato tolae them straight, there was no hurt in
it, nor any dishonor unto them. For saved be, if the ficlde
be oure, tnen we dial! pay their wages we promised, with the
14
^
tace, from
■povle and
ICIANS AND ROMANES
spovle and money of oiir enemies : and if we loo»*e it, then MARCtTS
our selves and they lye by it, betnge left neither man to paVt CATO
nor yet any to aske it In the ende he wanue the battel,
after a sore coii6ict, and after that time he haddc man'clous
eood fortiUK. For Polybiiis wryteth, that all th«- wallcs of
the cities that wt-rc on this side the river of BH.-tic, were by
his comraaundenient nued all in one chiy, which wcn> many,
and full of good nouldii-r^. Him m'ITo wrytvlli, Umt lie tooke
ntoe eitioi tii Spayne, then he reiiiiiiiied tlii-iv dnyes : and it
i« iK> vain* hiwai, if it be true tliat ia written, that there
were foure hundred cities of them. Now, tliough the
twiuldiers under him had gotten well in this iomey, and were
riche, yet he caused a pounde weight of silver to lie geven
to evert souldier besides: sayinge, be lilted it better that
many snould retume home nith silver in their purees, then a
few of them M*ith golde only. But for him »elfc, he affirmed :
that of all the spoylc gotten of the enemies, be never had
uiy thingc, savinge that whicli he tooko in meatc utd drinke.
And yet, myth he, I nn-ake it not to rejirovc tlicm that
ROW riche by *uch unoiV-K : hut bieause 1 woulde conteiide
in vertue ratiter witli tlie best, then in uwney with tike
richest, or in oo*etousne« witli the most vertiious. For, not
only he him selfe waa cleare from bribes and extorcion, but
bis officers aUo under him kept the same course. In tbia
Spanish jonrey, he bad five of his servauutes with him,
whereof one of them called Pauus, bought three youngc
boj'es that wen' taken in the wnrres, when the spoile was
M>ldc to them that would geve m<*«t. So Cato knew it.
But rauiiK being afmvvd to come nccrc hiK maister, hong
him Kclfe: and then Cato Milde the buycs againc, and rnit
the money made of them into the trmaory cbest«8 of navrng
at Home. Now while (^to wa.<i in Spayne, ScJpio the great Dlaconte
that was his enemy, and Aouglit to huider the course of hi.i '>et"fe*t Cato
pmsperitie, and to have tlie honor of oonqueringe all the ""* Scipto.
mt of Spavne : he made all the frcndes he could to the
petite, to iie chosen in Catocs place. He was no sooner
rntred into his charge, but he made all the possible spede he
could to be gone, that he might make Cntoes autliority ceasse
the sooner. Cato hearing of bis luuty eommitigc, tooKe only
15
MARCUS
CATO
Cito o»er-
came the
LacetitakDS.
after hi» CoD'
Bullshippeaud
triiiniphe.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
five ensignes of footemen, and five hundred horsemen to
attende upon him home : vrith the which, in hU jomey
homeward, he overcame a people in Spayne called the
Lacetanianx, and tookc sixe hundred traytora also that wero
fled from the Komnini-s c«mpc to thdr encmit-s, aiid did put
to death every mothers childe of them. Scipio slorminf; at
that, sayd Catu did him wrong. But Cato to mockc him
finely, saved : it va* the right nay tn hringe Rome to flori)th»
when noDle borne dtiiceiis would not suffer mcaue home men,
aiid upxtarU a» him selfe waf^ to go before them in honor :
and on the other side when nieane bonie men woulde con-
tende iji vertue, with those that were of noblest race, and
farre above them in calling. For all that, when Cato <'amc
to Rome, the Senate commaundcd that nothing shouldc be
chatinged nor altered otherwise, then Cato had appointed it,
whilest he wn» in hi* office. So that the government for
wliich Scipio made sucli cttniwt nute in Spayne, wns a grmter
diitgnu^c unto him, then it wa.s tmto Cato: bicause he pA.<9ed
al liiM time and office in ]>eacc, having im oeca.iitin offered
him to doe any notable service worthy memory. Further-
more, Cato after he had bene Consul, and hadde graunted to
him the honor to triumphe : did not as many others doe,
that seekc not after vertue, but onely for worlaly honor and
dignity. Who, when they have bene called to the highest
ofnccs of state, as to be C^insulls, and have also graunted
them the honor to triimiphe: do then Icnvc to deale any
more in mnttem of ttjite, and dispose them wives to live
merely and (|uietely at home, and not to trouble them selves
any more. Now C^to, farre otherwise beha%'ed him selfe.
For he would never leave to exercise vertue, but hcganne a
freshe, aa if he had bene but a voung novease in the world,
and aa one greedy of honor and reputarion, and to take as
much paines and more then he did before. For, to pleasure
his frends or any other citizen, he would come to the market
place, and pleadc their causes for them that required his
counsel], and go with his frcndes also into the warres. As
he went with Tiberius Scmpninius the Consul, and was one
of his Lieut^-nnnbi at \)w coiiijucst of the contry of lliraoe^
and imto the provinces adjoyning to tlic river of Daiiubve
16
p
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
apon those iDsrcbes. After that, he was in Greece also, HARCDS
Galloncll of a thow-sande footemen, under Manitis Aqiiilitis, CATO
against king Antiochus siirnamed the grvat, viio tntulc the
Bximjuiics ft.* much afrnycd of him, as cv«r they wen- of
enemy btit lliimiihaJl. For, when he )nu\ wnqui-«-d nil the Thepowwof
renoniiani! iin)vin(x-!j of jVsiii, which Si-lciicud Nicunor viijoyed Autiochu*
before, and hiMi Nub<luvd many barbanjus and warlike nationti : "" P*"*-
be was so prou<Ie l)nrt<^l, a« he would nitle» have want with
the HomaineH, wltnni be knew to he the only worthy men,
and best able to figlit with him. Su he made some honest
show and pretence of narres, staying : it was to set the
Greeciaiis at lil>crty, who had no cause thereof, considering
they lived after their owne lawes, and were but lately delivered
from the bondage of kinge Philip, and of the Macedonians,
through the goodnessc of the Romaines. Notwitbstandinge,
he cnmo out of Asia into Greece wjth a marvelous great
Stmy, and nil Greece was stnught in nrmc» and in wonderful!
dauii^T, bicaiiM.- of the great promiK^ hixI birge hop<!s tlie
govcrnoiirx of diverw nti(ii (wlwme the kinge ha<l wonnc and
corrupted with money) did make luito them. Whereupon
Maniua dixpntcbed AnilMx<Hdor( unto tJie cities, and nent
Titus Quintius I-laniiniua amuuge otJier^ who kept tlie
greatest parte of the people fitiui rel>ellinge (that were easily
drawen to geie eare t<> this innovation) as we have expressed
more amply in his life : and Cato beinge sent AnibasHulcNr
also, perswadcd the Corinthian*, those of Patras, and the
jS)gians, and made them stJckc still to the Romaines, and
continued a long time at Athena. Some ay the)- finde an
oration of hi« written in the Grecke tong\ie, which he made
l>cfon' the AtJieiiians in commendacinn of their niinecttcn :
wherein be Miyd, he timkc great pleiwure to siv Athiiis, for
the Ix'uuty and stntebnesH- of the city. But tliis is fiil.-sp.
For lie -fpake unto the Atheuiaiw by an inteipreter, tliougb
he ooulde have uttered bin oration in the Greeke tongue if lie
had bene disponed : but he did like the lawes and customes
of bis owDe contrie, and tlie Ronmine tongue »o well, that
he laughed at them that woidd ]iraise and commend the
Grceke tongue. As be did once mockc Posthumtus Alhinus,
who wrote an history in tlic Grceke tongue, praying tlie
S:C 17
MARCUS
CATO
CaXo mocked
Ponhumiut
AJbiuus a
Romttiue,
for writing
m Btory jii
thctiraAke
biugue.
cbus (urny.
CttoM dolnga
>g»liMtking
ADtioGhtu.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
readers in his preface to bciirc with him, if they founde loiy
imperfection in thi* tongue: Mary, iMiyd Cnt», he hnddi-wned
pardon in deede, if he iiiuldv bene forned to liAii- wrylU-ii liis
ittory in the Greeke t»np.s by order of tlw NtAti.-^ of Greece,
CA]l<-d the coiiDHel of the Ainphictyoiix. They aay the
Atlieiiiuu wondered to heare bin redy tongue^ For what
he had utteruii ijuickely in few wordn unto the interoreter:
the interpreter was driven to deliver them againe with great
circum^taiKes '"'d many woi-dfi. So that he left tJiein of
this opinion, that the Grcecians words lay ail in their lippcs,
and ttie Romaines nordes in their heodcs. Now kincc
Antioehua kept all the straightcs and narrow passages of tJio
mountaines called Tfiermopyleis (bcinge the ordinary way
and entry into Gn^-w) iukI had fortifii-d them a* wefl with
his army that cHiii|K-tI at the fiwte of the mountaino, as alto
with wallc* and In-uche* he had iniwle by hande, hesideH
the nattinUl strengtli and fortification of tlie mount it nelfe
in Kundry places: and »o he determined to remaine there,
tnistinf^ to ItiK owne atreneth and fortifications aforcsaved,
and to tiime the force of tfic warres Home other »iay. The
Konmineii also, they dispayred utttrly they should lie able
any wav to charge him before. But Cato renicnibringe with
him selfe the compasse the Persians haddc fetched about
before time likewise to enter into Greece : he departed one
night from the campc with parte of the army : to prove if
he could ftnde the very compas<(- about, the barbarous people
had made before. But w^ they elimt^d up the mountaine,
their gui(ie that was one of the priwmers taken i?i the contrie,
loHt hix way, and made tliem wan<]er up and <lowue in mar<
velouii nt^-eiie rocket and crooked wayta, that the |>oorc
snuldiers were in marvelouK ill taking, ('ato Het^irig the
daiinger they were brought into by thu lewde guide, com-
maunded all liis tiouldiers not to itturre a foote from thence,
and to tary him there : and in the ineane time he went him
selfe alone, and Lucius Manlius witli him (a lustie man, and
nimble to dimbe ajmn the rocket) and so went forwarde at
adventure, takinge extreamc and uneredible naine, and in as
much daungcr of his life, grubbing all iiignt in the darke
without moone light, through wilde Olyve trees, and high
19
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
rockcs (that lirt them tbcy coutdc not tsoc before them, MARCUS
neither cmtlcL tvll whvtJier tl>ey went) untill they stumbled CATO
at tlw length uppon a litle p»th« way, whit-h went as they
thought oirvftly to the foot*; «f tlw itiuuiitniite, whii-e the
OUDpe of thv enemies Jay. So they nvt uppc ccrlvUic nitirkvs
and tokens, uppon tlie highet«t to|)])L-« of the rockvs tJicy
eotilde ctHwttc, by vievt of eye to be di.4oemed furtlie^t of
upon the mountaiiie called Callidniraua. And uhni they Mount CkIU-
had done tiiat, they returned bcu-ke againe to fetdie tKe <IromiML
souIdier&, whom they led towardea their markeit they had
set up : untill at the length they founde their patlie waye
uadac, where they putte tJieir souldiers in order to niarche.
navr they went not fane in this pathc they founde, but the
way failed them etratght, and brought them to a hogge:
but then they were in woree case then before, and in greater
feore, not knowinge they were so neerv their enemies, as in
deede they wen.-. The day bcffRii to breake a Iitle, and one
of them that nuirclu-d forn>i.-Kl, thought he heiirde u uoyse,
and that he saw the Greeket aiiDp<- ut the foote of the
rovk<-K, and eerteine Kuuldiers tliat kept watch thtre. Where-
upon C-ato niiule thera Ktay, and willed only the Firnuinian»
to eonie unto hint, and none Init them, bicauiie he had
founde them faitltfull before, and very ivady to obey his
oonim&undement. 'I'hey were with him at a triite to Know
hU pleaflure : »o Catu said unto them : My fellowes, I uiu.it Catoei on-
have some of our enetnies taken prtBOoero, that I may know ti«m to hia
of them who they be that kecpe that passage, what number «"»l^e«-
they be, what order they kecpe, howe they are camped and
armed, and afler what sorte tliey determine to fight with us.
The waye to worke thiN feate, standeth npon swiftiics, and
hardim« to nmne upon theui suduinely, as Lyons doe, which
beinge naked fean- not to runne into tlte middent of any
hearae of fearfiill bewtes. He ha<I no sooner s|)oken thene
wordc«, but the Firmanian »ouldicn begnniie to runne downe Tlio boMenw
the mountaine, as Uiey were, apon tliose that kept tlie "»'' vnllkiii
watch : and so itetting anon them, they beinge out of order, ??^^* *
mode tlieni Hie, and tooke an armed man pri^ioner. When ^^ai^gf^
they had him, they straight brought him unto (^to, who by
otiie of the prboner wu advertised, hone that the strengtn
MARCUS
CATO
CtAoairer-
tilted of the
■trcii^rUi of
klitft Anlio-
cbui cunpe.
Cato tooke
tiie straight of
Tbenoopyle*.
Klnge Aiitio-
diuH hurl In
the face witli
B stone.
CatoHno-
tory of Iciiif^e
AuiiocJiun.
Cito woulde
pnlMhiH
owiM doings.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
of their enemies annio was lod;i;(Hi about th« persooe of the
kince, witliin tlic straight slid vftlk-y of t}ic Miid moiintoint! :
and tliat tJit- soiildicre Ihcy saw, wen- wise liundrcd ^Etolians,
all brave Kuuldti-rs, nbomc they hud c'hosvn niid Hopointcd to
kccpe the topiM- of the rockcs over king ^Vntioeliiis «ini[H'.
When Cjito bad heard him, making small accompt of the
matter, ok well for U>e)r Kmall numljer, a* al«o for Uie ill
onli-r th«y kept: he made tlie troinpett Houiide fttmight, and
his Kouldieis to inarche in battell witli great cries, him )»elfe
being the fonnest man of all hia troupe, with a swonk
drawcn in his hand. Hut when the .^tolians saw them com-
minz downc the rockea towardes them, they bcKannc to flie
for fife unto their great campe, which they tilled full of fcare,
trouble, and all disorder. Now Manliuii at the same present
also, eavc on assault unto the vrnlles and fortili cations tlic
king had made, overthwart the valliex and Ktraightcs of the
mountnim-s: ut which nssnult, king Aiitiochus Kdfe had a
blow on the face with n stone, that strake Komv of hix t<-eth
uut of hiii mouth, no that for very piiine and anguij^h he felt,
)ie turned his bone t>a<:ke, and got bim lieliinde tlie prease.
And then there were none of his annie tliat made any more
resistaunce, or tliat cotitde abide the fierceness of the
Homaincs. But notwithstanding that the places were very ill
for flying, bicausc it was unposriUe for them to scatter and
straggle, Dei ngc holdcn in with high roekes on tl)c one side of
tiicm, and with bogges and decpo manss(» on the other side,
which they must ncrdcsfall into if their fcetc clipped, or were
thniHt forwardo by any : yet tltey fell one n()on an other in the
atnighte«, and ranneKuin hi-j»|K» together, that tlw-v east them
selves away, for feare of tlie Romnines *woi-d<-s timt lighted
uppon them in every comer. And there Mtirctix VnU>, that
never made ceremony or nisenes to praise him selfe openly, riitr
reckened it any shame to do it : did take a present occasion for
it, as falteth out apon all victory and famous exploytes. And
so did set it out with all the o*tentacion and brave wordes he
could geve. For he wrote with his owne handes. tliat sudi as
saw him ehiise and lay upon his flying «nenues tliat day, were
driven to say, that Cato was tiot uomid to the Bomsinra, but
the Ronuiiiics bound unto Cato. ^Vnd then Manius the Consull
SO
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
selfc, bcinff in a great htttU: with the furi« of the battcll,
etnbnux-d Cato a great while, that was also hottc witli dms-
ingr of tJif cm-niy : and spake alowde with great joy before
thiin nil. Iliiit neither he, nor the people of Rome votild
reooroixiiw C^ito for his vnllinnt wrvicc ttmt day. After
thi« buttcU, th« CoiiKul Maiiius m-nt Cuto to Koiu«, to he tlie
HMMcnger hiin adfe to rcixirte the neve» of the victory. So
he imbarlted incontinently, and had Kuch a, fayer winde, that
he pa.<»ed over the sea to DrindeM witliout aiiv daunger, and
went from thence unto Tarentum in one day, and from
Tarentum in foiire daye* more to Home. And^ so he came
to Home in five dayes after hia landing in Italie, and made
such spccdc, that him sclfc was in dceae the first messenger
that brought ncwcs of the victcme. Whereupon be filled all
Rome with joy and sacrifices, and made the Ronuiines so
proiide, that ever after they thought thnn selves able men to
comiuer Uie worlde both uy sea wid laiidv. And t)ie$c be
all tJie martijiU deede* aiid noble «ctc« Catn did. Rut fur hi«
doings in dvill policie aiid Ktate, he semcd to be of thiH
opinion. .'That to accuse and pursue the wicked, be thought it
waa tlte l>e»t thinge an honest man and gDO<l govomour of the
common wealth coulde employ him selfe unto : for he accused
iiiaajr,and subscribed many otlier accusations which they pre-
ferred. And to be shorte. he did al wayes stirro up some accuser,
as he did I'etiliits against Scipio. But Scipio, by reason of his
nohiiity, the greatJics of his bouse, and the magnanimity of his
mindc, passed not for any accusation they could lay against
him: bemgout of all feare, they shouldc be able to eondenuie
bi»i. And m h*' Ii-t ftdl the accusation he liod against him,
Notwitlutanding, he joyned with other tJuit occuttcd Ludus
Scipitvliisiiwnt-hriiUK-r.amifcillijwodtlK-iiiiiltiTsoson'agiuiwt
hiui, that he caused him to he coniK^nmed tnagrcAtMimmcof
money to the commonwealth: who being uiuible to pay the tine,
bad gone to prison, and hardly scaped it, had not tne 'IVibunes
of the people revt^ed hia condemnation. It is sayd that Cato
comming through f he market place oik day, and meeting with
a younge manne by the wav ttint had ovcrthi'owen his advtr-
MTjr in sute, and put one of his late fathers greatest enemies
I open shaine and foylc before the people : he imbracol him
91
MARCUS
CATO
Ataiiiiu send
elb Ckto to
Rome to c»rj
oewM of the
victory.
Cato au M>
cuter of men.
MARCUS
CATO
Cato fifty
time* Bccuied.
Th« diariiitjr
kud office or
the Ceiiwr.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
with a good coimtenaunce, and sayd unto tiim : Oh my
Sonne, Hacrilioes that good children flhould oSer to their
fathtTB soule, be not Lommes nor kiddes, but the teares and
condrm nations of their enemies. But as he vexed other, so
be scaped nut frev him selfe from dnunger, in administration
of thtt common wealth. For if they could kntch the least
vantage iu the world of hlin, his enemies straight accused
him : w ut titvy Kay hv was ai'cuscd almost a fifty times, and
at thfi lait time of his accuwtion, he wax about tJic age of
foure wore yeareji. And then he »]iakif a thing ojKiily tliat
was noted : that it was a harder thinge to geve up an
accompt of his life before men in any other world, then in
this among whom he lived. And yet was not this the last
sute he followed : for foure yeares after, when he was foure
score and tenne yeares of age, he accused Servius Galba. And
thus he lived as Nestor, in uianer three ages of man, alwayes
in continuall sute and action. For when he wrestled with I
the first Scipio the African about matters of state and
cx}mmon wealth ; he went on unto the time of the seconde,
that was adopted by the tint Scipioe* sunne, the natural!
Konnc of Faulus .fmylitis, who overcame Perseus, king of
Macedon. Furthermore, Marcus Cato, tenne yeans afUr his
CoiMulship, sued to be Ccn»or, which was in Rome the greatest
office of dignity that any citizen of Rome could attiiine imto ;
and n.s a man may Miy, the roome of all glory anil huiKir
of their common w<>altli. For among other authoritii-x
the Censor had |>owcr to examine mens lives and manen,
and to puniiJi every oflendor. For the Homaines were of
that minde, that tney woulde not have men mary, gette
children, live privately by them selves, and make feastea and
banckettea at tJieir pleasure, but that they should standc in
feare to be reproved and intjuiered of by the magistrate :
and that it was not good to geve eveij- body liberty, to doe
what they would, following Ins owne lust and fansie. And
they jiiciging that mens naturall dispositions do nppearc more
in such tilings, then in all other thinge.< that arc openly done
at none duyvs, and in the sight of the worldc : UK-d to chooite
two Cen-Hori, Hint were two Surveyom of nianeni, to see that
every man lichaved him selfc vcrtuously, ami gave not them
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
•elves to pleasure, nor to brcake the lawes and customes
of the common wealth. These officers were called in tiieir
tongue, Cenxora, and alwajcs of custome one of them was a
Patridan, and the other a commoner. These two had power
and authorit)' to dUr^mdc a knight by taking away his horse,
and to put any of the Senate, whom tlicy saw live ditsolutely
and disorderly. It was their office also, to cx-hsnc aud rate
every citizen accordingc to the estimncioii of their goodev,
to note the agi-, genealogiv, and (li^rvcs of every man, and
to kcpe bookes of them, bc»)de» many other prt^rogutive*
they had b<'loiiging to their office. Therefore when Cato
came to «ie for this <»fBc« among other, the chieft^t Senator*
were all bent aj^iuKt him. Soutc of Llii:iii for very <-nvy,
thinkinjte it iihame and dishonor to the nobility, to sufTt^r
mvnne that were ineanely home, and upntartes (the first of
their boiue and name, that ever came to beare ofBce in tlie
state) to be called and preferred unto the highest oflicBB of
state in all their common wealth. Other also that were ill
livers, and knowing that they had offended the lawcs of timr
contry: they feared his cruelty to much, imagining he would
spare no man, nor pardon any offence, having the law in his
owne hands. So when they had consulted together about it,
they did set up s^-cn competitors against him, who flattered
the people with many fuyer wordvs and promises, as though
they hao nccde of magistrates to iist^ them gently, and to doc
thingc« for to plcaM- tlH-m, But Catu cmitrariwiM;, shewingc
no countenaima- tJiat he would use tlii-m gt'iitly in the office,
but opt-uly in the pulpit for orations, threatnmg tluwc that
hod lived naughtily and wickedly, he cried out: that thi^
murt refomne Uieir citie, and nerswaded the people not to
ehoone the genUest, but the mmrpest phisitions: and that
him ftclfe was such a one as they needed, and among the
PatricianB N'alerius J-'laccus an otncr, in whose company lie
hoped (they two beingc chosen Censors) to do great good
unto the common wealth, by buminge and cutting of (like
Hydras hcades) all vanity and voluptuous pleasures, that
were crept in amongest them: and that he sawe well enough,
how all the other sulers sotight the office by dishonest meanea,
fearing such ofBccrs as they knew would dcale justly and
1^
MARCUS
CATO
How the
(^usora were
chosen.
Tbe ScnAton
and »oMlh]r
bent all
ai^iiutCatoea
•ute.
MARCUS
CATO
OutodutMn
Cenmr.
CstoMactR
In Ub ceD«or-
■hlp.
Cato put
Luviua Quin-
tiufFUminiuK
nf the Sanste.
The cHiise
whf CHtoput
Suiatiu* of
• Swato.
Lucius Qiiin-
tiiMFUminiu*
wkkodDM
and cruoltf.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
upri^tly. Then did Utc people of Home shvw thvtn wives
nobly minded, and worthy of noble govcrnoun. For tlicy
refused not the wiuemesse or severity ofOito, but rejt-cted
theite menJe motithed men, Uiat NeeiiH?d reoiiy to plenoe the
people in all thinges: and thereupon cIiom; Marcus Cato
Censor, and VateriuB l-laccus to be liis fellow, and tliey did
ol>ey him, as if he hadde bene presejit officer, and no auter
for the officf, being in themselves to give it to whom they
thought good. The fint tiling lie did id^er he was stalled
in his CenAorsliip, was: that he named Lticius Valerius
Flaccus, his frond and fellow Censor witJi him, prince of
the Sennt<- : and among many other hI.'^o u'hnm lie thrust
out of the Senate, ho put I^ucius Quintiu.t Flnminiu» of the
Senate, tluit had bene Coiisull seven yeares bt^fore, and was
hrotlier al«o unto 'I'^tus <juintius Flnniiniua that overcame
Philip king of Macedon in battell, which wa« greater glory-
to him, then that be had 1)ene Conaull. Hut the cauAe why
he put him of the Senate, was this: This Lucius QuintiuH
caried ever witli him a youngc boy to the warres. whon> he
gave as good countcmuinee and credit unto, as to any of
hb best Mjuiliar frcndes he had about him. It fortuned on
a time whilcst Lucius Quintiu« was Consul! and govemour
of a province, that he niade a fcA^t, luid tliirt Iwy being set at
his table lianl by him, as hi.i maner was he ht-jranne to flatter
him, knowing how to hiuidle liim when he wjm prelily mery :
and sootliing him, told him he loved him m dean-ly, that
u|ion hii« de[>arling from Home, when the SwortU-plaiers
wert ready to ligiil for life and death with unrebated ftwords
to diew the |H<ople (lastime, he came his way, and left th«
light of that he never saw, that was very desirous to have
•eene a man killed. Then this Lucius (^uintius, to make
him aee the like, sayed ; Care not for the sight thou hast
lost, boy, for I will let thee see as much. And when he had
Hpoken these wordes, be commauiided n prisoner condemned
to dye, to be fetched and brought into nis hall liefore him,
and the hangman with hiK axe. Which was forthwith done
according to his commaundement. Then a.iked he the boy,
if he would straight see the man kilh'd : Ycit, sir, iwy<l the
boy : and with that he ))a(l the lumgmait strike of hi» head.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Most wrytera reporte this matter thus. And Cicero to con- MARCUS"
firmc it also, wrote in his hooke df SemftuU that tlie same CATO
was wr}-ttcn in sn oration Cnto made before the people of
Rome, Now lAieiuG ^uintius bcinge thus shfuncfidlj put
of the S«^niitv by Cato, hts brother Titus bcioge ofiended
withull, collide itot \A\ whnt to doe, but bcxoueht tlte people
thev woiddt- coniinniiiule C-ato to deelare tin- chusc, whj
he brought hxkU ^hiuiu- iintu hi.t huituc. Wbercuppon C^to
openly T>cfiiri- tht- iK-ople, miule rei'itiill uf all thiit fnut.
And when Luduit dV-ninl it, aftinniiiee it was not »o: Cato
would have had him &worne before tJiem all, that it wa» not
true they had burdened him withaU. But Lucius prayed
them to )3ardon him, who saved he wouldc not sweare:
^\'hcrCTipon the people judged straight that he deserved
Well ihni sliamc. So not longc after, certaine games bcinge
xhi^-wi-d in the Theater, Lucius nunv thither, and pas»inge
tx-yniide the ordinary plnt^- that was uptioiuted for tliose
tliat liad Ix-iic Consuls, he went tu Kit nloofv of ainongvst
the multitude. The ]H-ople tooke pity on him, kikI mtule
auch a do about him, n.i they foree<l hnn to riw, and to gi>
ait among tin- otJier Senaton> that had bene ('onHulH: saKin^
the best they could, tlie ahame and dislionor hapiwned unto
so noble a house, ('ato put out of the Senate also, one Af&uiJiuii put
^fanilius, wImi was in great towaixlnes to have bene made jf •**' Seiut«!
Consull the next yere following, only bicause he kissed hia 5^^X1-6 E
wife to lovingly in the day time, and before his daughter: jBHghter.
and reproving hini for it, he toldc him, his wife ne^er Itisscd
him, but when it thundei-ed. So when he was dinpoK-d to
In- niery, be would a»y it wiw luippy with him when Iupit«-r Mer^wSik
tiiundeml. He tooke away I^R-iiis Scipioes horae from liini, """ned "nen
that had trimnphed for the victories he had won against the nj'^"j'"'^***
great king AntiochuK: which wan him much ill wil, bicauM'
it appeared to the world he did it of purpose, for the malice
be did beare Scipio the African, that was dead. But the
most thing that greeved the peojile of all other cxtrcaniities
he used, was his putting downe of all fcastes and vaine ex- i)aIlkl^tinK
pcncee. For a man to take it cleaae away, and to be openly •'"' f«™*<"
Krnv in it, it was unpossiblv, bicause it was so common a ^" CatT'"^
thinge, and every man was given so to it. Hierefore Cato
3:D 25
CUoci own-
Mi lbrr»-
rxr<«o «
Rome.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
MARCUS to tetche it About iudiiwtly, did nnuM.' wrry citizens g<Mxie8,
CATO and rated tJicir nmmrt-tl, tlidr oocIk'*, tht-ir littrre, ttieir n-ives
chainex aikI juolK lUid all ulhcr iii«vc»bl«i ntiil hoiiAehold
Htufic, thitt liod cost above a thousand live buiitired I>rachmc3
a pcece, at t£nne timea as mutli ax ttiey wt-re nurtli : to the
end tltat such as had bestowed their tnoiiey in thiiw curioiis
trifles, should pay so much more subsidie to the maintenance
of the common wealth, as their goods were over valued at.
Moreover Ite ordained for every thousand Asses that those
triBing things were praised at, tlie owners of them should
pay tniTc thousand Assva to thv common treasory : to the
cndc that they who wen- gnt'%'ed witii this Uwv, and sawe
other pay 1c^sk> )>ub«idy (tJiat wcrv as much worth lu tJiem
selves, liy living witliout »uch toyes) misht coll home tliem
aelves againe, and lay a side such I'oolixht- bravery luid line-
Dene. Notwith.itatufinge, Cato was envied every way. First,
of them that were contented to pay the taxe imposed, rather
then they would leuve their vanity: and next, of them also,
that wotdd rathiT reforroc them selves, then j»ay the taxe.
And some thinke that this law was devised rather to take
away their goodcs, then to let them to make sIh'w of them :
and they have a fondc opinion bccidcs, that their ricliiii it
bettcrseene inmiixTfliiousthinpsHien in necwwary. Whereat
they say Aristotle lite Pliiliw*iplnT ilitl womier morv, then
at any other thing: bow nn-n nnild thiultc them mort- rich
and happy, that had many curious and sutieHluoii.s things,
tl»en tiuise tliat had neceiuary and profitable things. And
Scopos the Thesaaiian, when one of his familiar frends a^ed
him, I know not what trifling thing, and to make him graunt
it tiie sooner, told him it was a tiiinge he might well snare,
and did him no good : mary saycth he, all the gooocs I
cK have, are in stich toyes as do me no good. ^ this covetous
desire wc have to be rich, comnietli of no neoessary de«irc in
nature, btit is bred in us by a falic o)>inion from the common
sortr. Now, Cuto caringe least of all for Ote exclamations
they mode ngaiti^t him, grewe to be more straiglit and severe.
For he cut of the pipes and quilles private men had made to
convey water into their hotues and gardens, robbing the city
of the water that came from their common conduite hcades,
86
Sujierfluous
thinga
reckoned for
ricJiM.
I m
tov«*, that
did tiim no
good.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
and (lid plucke downe also mens porches Uiat were made
before their dores into tlie strete, and brought downe tike
prises of common workes in the city, and moreover raised
the common farmcs and customes of the cit}-, as high as
he could : all which things togc-thor mHdo him jjTeatly bated
and cnvivd of uiont men. ^VhiTcfore, Titus l-ikminiuB, and
ocrtsine other bi-itigi- bent sgiumt him in open Senate,
caused all Catoitt coviiintmtn jmd baigaintv mudc, with
the nuwtcr workv man for rennyrinfc (UhI mending of the
common Iniildings and huly inaceit, to Ix? made voide, aa
tbin^ ercatly prejudidall to tlte comntun wealth. And
tlu-y did al«> »tirr« up the l)oldeat and r»jtlH?nt of tlie
Tribunes of tln^ people against him, bicaiise tliey shouldv
Mcuse him unto the people, and make request he might
Ite condemited in the summc of two talentcs. They did
marvclousty binder also tlie buildingo of the pallace be
built at the charge of tiic common wealth, looking into the
market place under the Senate house : which palluce was
finished notwithHtanding, nnd allied after hi» nauie. Bnsilica
Forcia: a* who would say, tlie pallacr Porcius the Cenwr
built. Huwelx'it it M-eiiied tbi- jieople of Itonie did greatly
tike and comniemi hL« government in the t'ensonthipix!. For
th«y »et up a statiK of him in the temple of the goddeoae of
healtli, whereunder they wrote not his victories nor triumphe,
but only ingisved this inscription word for worde, to this
effect by translation: For the Iwnor of Marcus Cato tlje
Censor : bicause he reformed the discipline of the common
wcaltli of Rome (tlutt was farrv out of order, and given to
licentious life) by bis wise j>rvoi-pt«w, good mfmer^ and holy
instit^itioiui. In dec<lri before Uii« image wax set up fur him,
he was wont to mocke at thtrni that dvlightcd, and were
di^sirouN of such thingcs : Myiiiji, tbiry did not coiiiidcr how
they bnif^^ hi founders, piunten, and image iiiakers, but
nothing u? their vertues : and that for him selfe, tlie people
did alwayed cary lively images of him in their liartes, niean-
inge the memory of his life and doings. When some
wondered why dircrw nieanc men and unknowen persones
liad images f«t up of them, and there were none of him : he
gave them this aunswer : I had ratlicr men should nskc why
MARCUS
CATO
BmIIIcs
I'orcU built
byCftUi.
CatoMims^
wt up in tii«i
taoipla of tho
dUNW of
Ith.
Honor
chaaunth
cuuditMioa.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
JIARCVS
CATO
No roan
•hould ^ide
to be pniaed
but fiir Uie
MitnmoD
wealth.
WhatOato
was at bailie
Id bb hioam,
Us wife and
childron.
Cato judfiietli
tbe noble
borne gciille-
woRien the
best ttiviai.
Coto tmd no Iniogt- xct un for him, Uien why he had any.
In tin- cndv, tit would have no honeat man abide to be
pmiited, oiile:* lii» praise turned to the benefit of the common
wealth : aiid yet was he one of tbem that would roost praise
him selfe. So that if any had done a fault, or slept awry,
and that men had pone about to reprove them : he woiimv
say they were not to be blami-d, for they were no Catocs tluit
did ofFeude. And such as couiitiTfoatcd to follow any of his
doinecs, and ctime shortv of liis maiHT, hv called them lefl
hanmd Catoct. He would x&y, tltat in most datrngcrouM
times the Senate u»ed to caxt tlioir eyei ujHin him, u* pa»-
•00261* on the iva do looke upon ttx- nianter of tlie shippe Jn
a HOnne: and tlmt many times when he was nl»ent, the
Senate would put over niattem of importance, untill he might
come amon^ them. And thia is continued to be true, as
well by other, as by him selfe. His authority was great in
matters of state, for his n-iscdomc. his eloquence, and great
experience. Besides this commcndtu-ion, tlioy praised him
for a good father to his i-hildrcii, n fi^ood lui.'slMrKr to liis wife,
and ft gootl silver for his jiroiit : for lit was never careics of
thcoi, a» things to be lightly j>ftwi,xl on. Ami therforr me
thinkcs I matt nedes toll ytHi l)y the way. some imrle of bin
well doinge, to followe our declaration of htm. rlnct of oil,
he inaried a gentlewoman more noble then rich, knowing
that either of both should make her pnmde and -itoiile
enough : but yet he ever thought the nobler borne, would
be the more ashamed of di&hoiicsty, then the meaner bonie :
and tliercforc jthat they would be more obedient to their
hu^biuidnt, in at) honest nutner and reasonable things.
Furth<'miore, he myd ; that he thut bet his wife or his child,
<lid eonimit lu gntit a iMcriUtlge, as if he pollutvtl or spoiled
the hotyeat thingev of the wnrUl : (uui he thought it n
greater prni-ie for a man to he a goiHt huKhiitid, then a gcHHJ
Senator. And then-foi'e he thought tiothinge mon- <x>m-
Sucmtc*
pocieuce com- mendable in the life of olde Socrates, then his piuneiiee, in
meiuled bear- -'
Uig« wiih the
diJrewdnea of
bbwlfti.
using his wife well, that was such a slirewe, and his ehildrcn
that were so harebrainde. After Catoes wife hod brought
him a sonne, he could not liave so earnest buaines in hand^
if it had not touched the common wealth, but he would let
as
I
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
all alone, to go home to bu houM,*, about the time hia wife
did itnswBdell the younf^e bov U> wa.ibe and shift him : for she
gave it Huclte with Iter owne bre^tes, and many times woulde
let the slaves children sucke of her also, bicause thej' might
have a naturall love towards^ her sonne, havinge suclted one
uiilLe, and bene brought up together. When nis sonne was
come to age of discretion, and that he was able tu Icanie any
tfaingr, Cato him selfe did tcacbe him, notwitlisUmding he
bad a slave in his bouse called Chilo (a rvry lion«st man, and
a good gnunmarian) who did also teach nuiny other : but ««
hv *ixyvd him sclfci he did not like, « slave Khould rebuke hi:*
itonnt-, nor pull him by the eanw, when pnnuiveiiture he was
not apt U> take very Midainely that wa.t taught him : neither
would be have htti Monnc bouiidc to a iilave for so great a
matter as that, an to have his learning of him. Wherefore
he him selfe taught him his graminer, the law, and to exei^
cue hia body, not only to throw a dart, to play at the sword,
to v»wt, to ride a horse, and to liandlc all sortes of weapons,
but also to fight with Rates, to abide colde and bcntc, and to
swiuimeoveraswifl runnlnge river. He sayed moreover, that
he wrote goodly histories in great letters with his owne
hande, bicause his sonne might leamc in Uix fatlicn* h»u»c
the vertunt of good men in times mut, that he taking example
by tbi-ir doinges, should frame hw HiV to cxcell tliein. He
sayed also, tliat he tooke ax great heede of :<]ieaking any
fowie or uncomely wtirdes iH'fun- his Mimi«. aa he would have
done if he had lieno Iteforc the V'l'Htall Nunnes. He never
was in the whotte house with his sonne : for it was a common
use with the Romaines at that time, that the sonnes in law
did not bathe them selves with their fathers in law, but were
oxhaincd to ncc one an other naked. But aflenFardes they
havinge Icarrxtl of the Greekes to wa&h them selves naked
with nK-n, it tjiught them also to be naketl in the bathe e>'en
with their wives. ITiere locked no towardlincs nor good
diHposition in Cittoes sonne, to frame him sclfc vcrtuous : for
he was of ao gixxl a nature, that he shewed him selfe willing
to followe wliat'toever his father had taught him. Hovrebeit
be «aa such a weake puling*-, that he ooulde not auny uith
much hardneme, and Ihereioiv his lather was eontent^-d mit to
S9
MARCUa
CATO
Cal«es wifc
WHS nonrM
toharowfM
thiliU.
Cato taught
his eoonea.
Cliilo a
grammujUii.
Whst «xer-
clicsCato
brought up
his BODne in.
MARCUS
CATO
Citoe* Mnae
CatoUie
yoaafnr
mviiHl Tortin
Piiuluii JKmy-
titU (Uuxbt^T.
Sdpio tKo
HCcond wus
iEmj'liuii
nittunU
■oniie.
CrUim dl«-
dplina to
li» rUvm.
CUM
alefpy men.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
bind)? him to tbnt straight and iiaiofull IJfv, which him sclfv
had kifit. Yet he became volliaiit in the warres. For he
foueht marvelous ittowtely in tliv battel], in which Penuius
the Kinge of MaeixKin wua ovcrthroweii by Pnuhw .'Kniyliiu :
where hU sword beiuff; striken out of liin luiiid with a great
blow tlwit lightt'd OH it, and by fcason his liaiid was som-
what sweaty hii^ideK, Jw fell into a threat fury, and prayed of
his frendes about him to r«eover it. So ttiev all together
ranne uppon the enemies in that place where nis sword fell
out of his haiide, and came in ao fiercely on them, that they
made a lane through them, and clearing the place, found it
in tlie end, but with much a do, being under such a Iteapc
of dead bodln; and other weapons, as well RomaJnes as
AliMx-doni&tts, one I>'ing on an other. PauUis ^myhus the
Gcncrnll hearing of this act of his, did highly comniende the
younge man. An<l at this day there is a U-tt«r extunt from
Cato to his sonn<', in the whicli he pmUetli this worthy
fact and toile of his, for ihe reeovcringe of his swordo
agniiie. Afterwarde*, this Cato the younger nituitKl Tertia,
one of Panluit j-Kuiyliibi daughters, and sister unto Scipio tJie
^conde, and so was matdicd in tliis noble house, not oiiely
for his owne vertues sake, but for respect of his fathen
dignity and authority : wberby the groat care, patnes, and
study that C-ato the father tookc in bringing up his sonnc
in vcrtiie and leftningu, was honorably rewarded in the
happy bi^towing of his sonne, lie ever had a great immbcr
of votmg title staves which he irattght, when any would sell
their prisoners in the warres. He did choose them thus
young, bicnusc they wen? apt yet to leome any tliinge he
would traine tliem mito, ami that a man might breake them,
like young colter, or title whcl)H-s. But none of them all,
how many soever he had, ilid ever got to any man* house,
but when him selfe or his wife diil >etuje tht-m. If any nitui
a^ed them what Cato did : Uicy aunswered, Utey ooutde not
tell. And when they were within, either they must neede*
be occupied about somewhat, or else they must slee]»e : for
he loved them well that were sleepy, holdinge opinion that
slaves that loved sleepc were more tractable, ana willing to
do any thing a man would set tbem to, then those that were
80
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
traluDe. And bicause be thought tJiat nothing more did pro-
voke slaves to miscbiefe And naiightioi-s, then lust and desire
of women : he was contentw! that his slaves might com|«iny
with his boiidcwomen in his fautisc, for u peecc of money he
I appointed them to pay, but witli slrai^bt cunimiuindemcnt
besides, that none of tlitrni kIioiiUI dealc with any other
woman iibruade. At tliv fii>t when hv j^ve him sclfc to
follow thv warrm, and uan not grentlv rich, he iicvur was
! angry fur any fault Iuh Nt-rvautitiM did about Im jjcrsoue:
aayiiie it wa» a, ffiwle tiling for a gentleman or noble man,
to fell out with his ttcrvauntes for bU belly. AflentitrdeH, n»
he rose to bt^tter state, and grew to be wealthier, if be had
made a duiner or supper for anv of his frendes and f&ntiliani,
tbev were no sooner gone, but lie woulde scourge lliem with
whippes and leather thongcs, that had not waited as they
should haw done at the borde, or b^ul forgotten any thing
he would tiHve had done. He would i-ver eniftily make one
'of thi-m fall out with an otlier: fur he coulJ nut abide
tbcy )>tioul<l be frendcs, beingv ever jealous of that. If
any of th«tn brui dune a fault tliat descrvi'd death, he
would di-clare hitt offence before titein all : and then if
they eondcmiifid him to dye, he wautd put him to death
before Utein all. Howebeit in hia latter time he gi'cwe
URcdr, and gave up his tillage, sajinge it was rather
geosaunt, then proh table. 'ilierfore oicause lie woidd
y out his money surely, and bring a eertainc revenue
to his purse, he hestowvd it uppoii poiides, naturall botte
bathes, places fit for fullers croJt, upon meodowcs and
paHturv8, upon copiM's and young wodJc : and of nil these
Itc made a gmtt and n more quiet revenue ymrcly, which he
wc)ul<l -ay, lupiti-r him Kclfe could not diminiKhe. Further^
utori', he waa a great u^rer, botl) by land and by Kca : and
the uacry he toolce by sea was moat extreame of all other, fcu'
he used it in this sorte. He would have them to whouie iie
lent his money unto, that tracked by sea, to have many
pirteners, and to the number of fifty : and that they should
nave so many shippes. Then he would venta" among them
J for a parte oncly, whereof Quintius his slave whom nc had
■JBaaunuaed, was made his tacLur, aud used to aayle, and
MAACITS
CATO
Note how
C'ato Hlt«re)l
liift maner aud
opinion by
wealth.
CatoM RDod
hiuliauary (or
iurrouiiiig lii*
trealth.
i'tita n grtU
UMrer.
He tmike ex-
ireameuMrr
by sea.
MARCUS
CATO
Cvii«ades,
Pliilo«ophera
BCDt Arabw-
Hidara ti>
Rome
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
traffiked witli the marchftunts, to whom he had lent his
money out to uwrj-. And thus he tliil not venter all the
money he tent, but a litle peece only for hia pai-te, and gotte
nmoelous riches by his usery. Moreover he lent money to
any of his slaves, tliat would therwith buy other young
staves, whom they taught and hrousht up to do service,
at Catoes charge and cost : and then tncy solde them agalne
at the yearra cndv, and i<k>dr- uf tlH-nt Cato kept for his ownv
wnict', and gave his sluvi's as much for thcni, as any othtT
i)ffcifd. Tiicrforv to idiurL- his »onnc in like manner to
make proGttv of hin nioricy : lie tnUIc him it wiu! no vine
mans nart« to dtminiNht! hu Huhstance, but ratlier the parte
of a widowe. Vet this was a token of a mont greedy covet-
ous minde, that he durst affirme him to l>e divine, and worthy
iinmorlall praise, that increased his wealth and patrimony
more, theji his father left him. l-'urthermore, when Cato
was growen very olde, Canieades the Academieke, ajid Dio-
g'nes the StoicKc, were sent from Athens as AiiibossadoiB to
oroe, to sue for a release of a fync of five hundred taleates
which they had impow-d on the Athenians apon a condem-
nation jjoasctl against tht.-m, for a contempt of appcarauncc,
by the sentence of the Sieyoiiiaiis, lit the sutc ot the Oro-
piaiiK. Immediatiy when tlie-tetwo I'liiliisophcrs were arrived
in tile citie of Uonie, the younge gitiitlenieit that wcr- geven
to tlieir bofikes, did sisite and welcome tliem, oud gave
great nn-on-nce to them after they had heanl them N|)eake,
and s{>ecially to Cameades : whose grace in speaking, and
force of nerswading was no lesse, then tlie fame ramie ujiptui
him, ana specially when he was to speake in so great an
audience, and before such a state, as would not suppi-esse his
praise. Rome straight was full, as if a winde hail blowen
this rumor into every mans care : that there was a Greecian
arrived, a famous learai-d man, who with his eloquence
wouldc leade a man as he lust, lliere was no other tidkc a
while tlirough the whole city, he had *o inf1ain«-d the vounge
gentlemen:" niiiide* with love and desin- to be learned; that
all other plea.-'nn^ and dt'lightts were m-1 a nide, and they
disiMiM-d them K'hei to no otner exercise, but to tlie study of
Plnlosophy, as if sotne secrete and divine inspiration from
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
above Iiaii procured them to it. Whereof the l/)nli>s and MARCUS
Senators of Kuuie were glad, and rejoyi-fd mudi to i«e their CATO
youtli Ao weJl geven to knowti'dgv, and to the study of
the Greeke tongue, and to deiite in the company of these
two ffKftt and excellent learned men. But Marcus Cato,
even mini the beginning that young men bcgannc to study
the Grcvke tongue, and that it grpwc in esttniacion in Houh*,
did tlistikc of it : fearing li-ii^t tiie youth of Home that were Cato mUlikcd
desirous of IwiminKf and eUwiuvnw, woulde ultvrly give over '*"' t'««ke
the honor ami glory of ttrint?<, Furthcniioiv, when lie siiwe ""ff"*-
the ratimacion and tVuue of thtw two pi-rMinage.'s <Iid increase
more and more, and in Hudi Mirtc that (^iiu Aquiliuis one of
the diiefetit of the Senate, iiia«Ie Nute to be their ititerf>retcr :
he determined then to convey Uiein out of the citie by some
honest meane and colour. So he openly fouixl fault one
day in tlie Senate, tliat the Anibaj«ador& were long tliere,
and had no dispatcbe : coniiideniig also tliey were cunninge
men, and ouulae easily persuade what they would. And if
there were no other respect, this onely might perswadc them
to determine some auniiwere for them, and so to send them
home againe to their Hehoole^, to teach tln-ir children of
Greece, and to let alone tbc eliililri'n of Rnme, tlmt tltey
might livu-ne U> olx-y the lawes and the Semite, a.-* they Imd
done before. Now he spake this to the Si*nate, not <if any
private ill will or malice he Itare to (.'ameadeii, an M>me men
thought: but bieau.w he generally hated I'bilosophy, and
of an ambition despised the muses, and knowledge of the
Greeke tongue. Which was the more suspected, bicause he
had sayd, tlie auncient Socrates was but a busie man,
and a sturrcr up of M-dition, and sought by all nicani'S
possible to usurjK- tyraimv. iind ride in his coiitrie : by per-
verting and chaiuigtng t)ie mani)er» and custonieii of ttie
same, and allunnge tlie inibjectx-N thereof to a dlMllkinge
of their lawe^ and auncient custoines. And he laughed at
Socnta HchiMiIe, tliat taught the arte of elotjui-jicc : paying,
his xcho]len< waxed old, and wert> still so long a Icaniing, tlint
they iiieiit to use their eloquence and pleode causes in an
other worlde, l>efore Minos, when they were dead. ITiere-
fore, to plu(jie his Bonne from tbc study of the Greeke
3:£ S3
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
MARCUS tongue, he aayd to him with a strayned voycc, and in a
CATO bi^KcT souiid thi^'n ho wna wont to dotr : (its if he hud spoken
to him by way of prophecy or inspiration) that »o longv lU
th« Romainos dis)KiHi-il them selves to study tJie Gn-cke
tongue, so loiiu\- woiiI<Ie they mum.' an<l bring lUl to nought.
Aim yet time iiath provud his vaioe wordes fnlne and tiiitrnc.
For th« citie of Komo did newt florishe so much, nor the
Konuiint- Km])ire was ever so great, n» at tliut time, when
learninge and the <ir<^eke tongue nxist tiurished. Howelwtt
Cato did not onely hate the l'hi!o(K>nher» of tireece, hut did
dUlike tliem also, that profps8e<l phisicke in Itome. For he
bad either hearde or red the aunswcre Hippocrates made,
when the king of Persia sent for him, ana offered him a
great summe of goldc and silver, if he woulde come and serve
him : who sware he would never serve tlie barbarous people,
that were natural! enemies to the Greecinns. So Cato
aHirmed, it wa« an othv tluit »1 other ptiisition.t sware ever
after : wherefore he cominaundctl his soTine to die fnmi thi-m
C»toee m»l- all alike, and wiyed he hnddc wrj-tlen a litle hooke of nhisickc,
«U buoke. vfith the which he did bcnle tlioitc of his houHe when they
were sicke, and did keejie Uiem tn healtli when they wen^
whole. He never forbad them to eate, but did alwaji
bringe them lippe witti crhes, and certaine light nieates, as
mallard, ringeuoves, and hftre« : for liueh nieatc^, sayd he, are
good for the sickc, and light of disgestton, saving that they
make them dreame and siiorto that vate them. He IxMistcd
also how with this maner of ohisicke, he did alwuye« keepc
him selfe in hejilth, and his iimiily from sickenes. Yet (or
all tluit, I take it-, he did nut all tlmt he braggetl of: for he
biirii'tl both his wife, and his sonue also. Diil ho him «elfv
wanofastnmge nature, and a histy Iwdy, full of stn^ngth,
and heaJtli, and lived long without sioketiesse : so tlmt whert {
he was a very olde man and past manage, he loved women
well, and inaried a younge maiden for that cause onely.
After his first wife was dead, he maried his sonne unto
PauluB /Emylius daughter, tlie sister of Scipio, the scconde'
African. Cato him selfe hcinge a widower, tookc paines
with a pretv younge maide that waited in his house, and
came by stcftb to his chamber : howcheit this haunt coulde
84
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
not lotig coiitiuue secret in his Itouttc, wid MpcdtiJIy where
there wu a jrounf^ gentlewoman inari«<I, but xteeacs must
be spied. So, one day when this young maide went some-
what boldly by the chamber of young Cato, to go into his
father, the young nmn sayd never & word at it : yet his
&ther perceived tliat he was somewhat ashamed, and gave
the maide no ffood counteiiamice. Wherefore findinge that
hie Minnc and daughter in lawc were angry with the matter,
sayinge nothinge to them of it, nor slwwinge them any ill
count enaiincv : he went one morninge to the market place
(as lii« maiHT was) witii a tmim' that followed him,(unoiigeat
whoniv vm» oik- Sadoniiix, Uint h<id bene his clearkc, and
wayted u|Hin him ».■* the rott did. Cnlo L-alling liim out
alowde by hi* luune, avked hmi if he hadde not yet bestowed
his daugnter, Saloniiis aunNwert-d him, he liad not yet
bestowed her, nor woulde not, before he made him pnvie
to it l^en Cato tolde him againe: I have fomide out a
husbande for her, and a sonne in lawe for thee, and it will be
no ill matche for her. unlesie she mislikc the age of the man,
for in doede he is very olde, but otherwise there in no faulte
in him. Salonius tolde him agsinc, tliat for that matter, he
R-ferrvd all to him, and his daughter also, praWnge him even
to make what matche he thought good for her : tor she was
his humblr st-rvnunt,mid reived wholly iimxiii him, Ktiuidinge
in neeile of hiit fnvor and fiirthi^munci-. 1 hen Citto Ix-gimnc
to diM'over, atid tulilr him plaini-ly he woulde williiigely
tnarv Iter him iielfe. Salonius therewith was alumhed, hieause
he thought Cato waa too olde to niary then, and him jtelfe
was no fitte manne to matche in any honorable houne,
Epeciallie with a Consull and one that hadde triumphed :
honebeit In the ende, when he sawc Cato mait good camiTst,
he was very glad of the matche, and so with this talkc
they went on together to the markette place, and ngTeed
then upon the manage. Now while they went about
this mutter, CattJ tlte sonne taking some of his kiniie
and frendi-M with him, wi-nt unto bin father, to aske him
if he ha«I offended him in any ttiinge, tliat for Hpight
he shoulde bringe him a .itcppe mother into bis house.
Ilien hi& father cried out, and sayd : U my sonne, I pray
MARCUS
CATO
C«to lalketk
with Snlonius
UK olaik*,
about the
miirifHK of bis
dau4;lit«r.
MARCUS
CATO
nuniwnv to
his 8MIII«, uf
his 8«con^e
mariig*.
Chto marled
S*Iutiiii«
daughter,
beln^ ■ vtry
old raua, niid
bwl a •nun I'
by )ier.
How C'ato
luuned hi*
Catonwrjrt-
ingtti and
miHiumfiitii.
Catow
revfuue.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
thee ny not so, I Hkv wll nil thou doest. and I lindc no
cause to compluiiK- of thee : but I do it, bicau!^- I dc»irc to
have mtmv cliiUln-ti, aiiii to Icnvc many »uch like citia-iw as
thou art, in the commoit wTfJtIi. Some way thttt Pi^ixtrKtuii
the tymii of Athens, made nucIi a like nuiiavrerc unto Uic diil-
drcn of hisi tint nife, which wen men growen, when be mortcd
hi» .tuconde wife 'ilmona-tao, of the towne of Arffus, of whom
he Itad (as it is reported) lophon, and 'l'he.Wtuti. But to
retunie againe to Cato, he had a somie by his second wife,
wlioin he named after her nauie, Cato Salonian : and his
eldest Sonne died in his office bciiige Prfctor, of whomc he
often spcaketh in diverse of his bookcs, coinmcndinge him
for a very honest man. And they My, be tooko the death
of him very piicieiitly, and like a grave vrite man, not leaving
therefore t*> do any service or bu»inesse fur the state, other-
wise then hi- rlid before. And therein he did imt, hs LueiuK
l.iindhi.«, and Metelhis aurnatiied l^us, did iifli-runnlN : who
gave up medlinf; any more with matteni of government imd
state, after tliey were waxen olde. For he thought it a
charge and duct;, whercunto every honest man whilest he
Hveo, was lioundc in all piety. Nor as Scipio African hadde
done before him, who perceiving that the glorv and fame
of his doin";?i did purchase him the ill will uf the citizens,
he ehaunged the re«t of his life into quietnes, and forsookc
Uie citie and all dealings in common wi-alth, aiid went and
dwelt in the eontry. But as there watt one that told Diuiiy-
siiw, the tvran of SyiacusA, ns it is wry Iten, that )h- could not
die more Iifmnnibly, then to Iw huri<'d in tJie tyranny : even
so did ('atii tliinke. Unit lie could not wnxe mure hone»tlie,
olde, then in serving of tlie common wealth, unto his drinff
day. So at vacant times, when Cato waH desirrats a litfe to
recreate and refresh him si'lfe. lie (lassed his time away in
makinge of hookes, and lookinge up|>on his husbandry in the
eontry. Iliiii is the cause why he vrrote so many kindes of
Ixmkes and stories. But his tillage and husbandry in the
eontry, he <li<l tende and follone all in his youth, for his
profit. For he sayed he hiwl hut two «>rtes of revenue,
tillrige, and sparinge : but in age, whiitstK-ver Ih- did in the
coi)tr>-, it was nil for pleasure, and to teamcsume tiiingo ever
36'
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
of nature. For he hiith wrvltcii a booke of Ute contry Life,
And of tillage, iit the which ^le sheweth howe to make tartes
and cakes, ancl how to kcene fnitei He woulde needeasliew
mich sitigiilanty aiid skill in all thinees : when he viu in
hit liouse in the conti'y, he fareil a liue better then he did
in other placet, ajid would oftentimes bid his neighbours, and
such aa had lande Ivinj; nboiit liini, to oome and suppc with
him, and ho would dc incry with them : so that his company
was oot oncly plnuuiint, aad lilungc to olde folkes as him
selfc, but also to the yoimger Korte. For lie had stvnc much,
and bad expcricnci; in matty thlngcs, and used iniKh pluuwunt
taikc, jimfitiibU- for tite henmv. Hv thouijht the t>urd one
of the ci)ii-fL->t mi'AiiCH to brecdc lore aniongt^t men, and at
hU »wiie table woulde alwayes prnifte go<Ml men and vertuouH
dtixens, but would xufier uo talke of evill men, neither
in their praise nor dispraise. Now it is thought the last
notable acte and service he did in the common wealth, was
the overthrow of Carthage: for in dcede he tliat wannc
it, and raM^l it utterly, was Scipio the secondc, but 'it was
chicfeiy through C-atot-ij counM.'!! aiid advise, that the last
warrc was taken in hand against the Carthaginians, and it
cbouneed apon this oocusion. C-ato was sent into jVfiicke to
undvntandc the cause and controvcnie that was betwene
the Carthaginians and Massinima, kin^- of Numidta, whidi
were at gtvat warn* togi-thcr. Ami he wa* m-nt tliitJii-r,
bioauite king Alas^iniioa had ever bene a freiid unto the
Romaincfi, and lor tiiat the Carthaginians were become their
confederates sijice tlie last warres, in the which they were
overthpowen by Scipio the 6rst, who tooke for a fyne of
them, a great parte of their Empire, and imposed apon them
besides, a great ycarely tribute. Now when he was come
into that contric. be founde not the citic of Cartilage in
miserie, bcggcric, and mit of harte, as tlic Romainiit sup-
posed: but full of lusty youtbc!! very riche luid wcalthte,
and great store of armour and munition in it for the warren,
•o tlutt by reaMin of tlic wealth thereof, Carthage caried
a high sayle, mid Htowped not for a litle. Wherefore im
thought that it wiu more Uuti time foi* thi- Komaioes to
leave to under»tande tJic coutrovcrKicii betwext the Cartfaa*
MARCUS
CATO
C'atOM oom-
to old
and youiig.
Tli« Ukl« a
gooA meMie
to prucurv
love, and how
Uhle talke
should bo
UBtd.
Cato atitliar
of tli« last
wsrrM^talnst
the C'arlhn.
giuuui*.
MARCUS
CATU
Solpki Nadu,
■fCdnst CUo^
fur th<i
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
giniuiK aiul Miu^iiiissu, im<t nithcr to provide bc-tirocs to dv-
HtToyv C^rtlin^-, tlmt UnMv iM-vnc- ever lui Auncieiit itinvinic
to the Roiimint-s, luui iviT icuu^it to !« revenged of tlwt
they h«ddc kullcred at tlit^ir haiidcs before, atiu that they
were now groweii to tliat ^reatnea aiid cx>ra^ in ho ahurte
time, as in manner it was incredible : so as it was likely tliey
would fall into as great enmity with the Itoraaines, as they
ever did before. Therefore so soone as he returned to Rome,
he plainly tolde the Senate, tliat the losses and harmes the
Carthaginians had received by the last warres they had with
thtm, had not so oiiich diminished their power and strength,
us the same had shewed their owne folly and lacke i>f wisdom :
for it was to be feared much, leiist their l«te troubles hod
iiuidc thein mure skilfull, tht-n weakened theiu for the wurrea.
And that they made wnrrct nowe with the Nuniidians, to
exercixe them onelv, mmninge afterwRirles to wane with
them .telvw : and that the \Kmx tlu-y had nuulc with tliein,
was but on intennimion and ktay of warren, only t-xpecting
time and opportunity to breake with them againe. 'I'hcy
say moreover, that besides Uie perswasions he used, he
brought with him of purpose, Africke 6gges in his long
sleeves, which he shooke out amongest them in the Senate.
When the Senators marvailed to see so goodly fayer greene
figgcs, he saycd : The contry that beareth them, is not above
three dsyes sniliitge from Home. But yet this is more
stntunge which they rejwrte of him besides: that he never
doclarcd his opinion in any matter in tJtc Senate after that,
but this was ever the one ende of hiM tale: Me tliinketh
rtill Carthage would be utterly ck^truyed. I'ubliusScii>io
Najtiea, uiiefl wer in like nwinner the contrary Koet'ch : ttuit
he thought it mcete ('jLrthagi- »hutdd Ktand. '11ii.t I'ubliux
Scipio saw, in my opiniim, that the Koniaines through their
piide and iiiaolency were full of ahsurdilifs, and cariiit them
selves very high, by nation of their happy successe and
m-torics, and were so lolty minded, that tlie Senate cx>u]d
hardly rule them ; and that by reason of tlieir great author
itie, thcv imagined they mignt bringe their dtie to what
height they woidd. Therefore he spske it, that the feare of
Carthage might alwayes continue as a bridle, to raignc in the
88
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
insolencr of the people of Rome, who knew well enough, that MARCU8
tlie CarthaginiaiLi were of no BufBrient power to makewarrcs CATO
with the Roinaines, nor yet to overcome them ; imd even so
were they not wholly to be de«pit>ecl, and not to be feared
at ftIL Cato still replied to the contrary, tluit therein con-
siiitrd the gn^atest daunger of all : tluit a c-itie which was
ewr of great force and power, and had bene punished by
former warres and misery, would al«ay<w hare an eye of
revenge to their eiiemitrt, and be tnwli like a horee that
bod broken his halter, that being unbridled, woulde ninne
upon hi.s rider. And therfore lie thutight it nut good, nor
acnandc advi.se, so to suffer the Cartliaginians to reeover their
strength, but rather tliey ought altogether to take away all
outward daunger, and tne feare they atoode in to loose their
cont|uc(>t ; and specially, when they left nieanes within tlie city
eclfc to fall §ti]l againe to their former rebellion. And this
is the cause why tney suppose Cato was the occasion, of the
thinle and last warre the Komaines had against tlie Cartha-
ginians. But now wIrii the warre was begonnc, Cato died, tilow dmt
and before his death he prophecied, as a man would say, who it
should be that should ende those wurres. And it was Scipio
the second, who being a young man at that time, hud cbaige
only aa a Colondl over a thouMuuI footcmeii : but in tUl
battelbi, and wheivsix-ver then- wa? warri-^, be .thewnl hini
selfeever valliant and wi.'^. Insomuch a»newe.-< being brought
thereof continually unto Rome, and Cnto heoiiiige them,
spake as they say, these two verses of Homer :
Thi« onlf mui right wiae, re|>uted U to W,
all ctbtr (Mina but iihndnwc* «el, by kucIi wiko men as he.
lATiich prophecy, Sdpio scwne after confirmed true by hiw
doingcs. Moreover, tlie tKaue Cato left behinde him, was a C*t«e«^
sonne he had by his seconde wife ; who was colled (as wc sayd posUri^.
before) Cato ^Ionian, by reason of hi-'< tnother, and a htle
boy of his eldest sonne that died before hiin. This Cato
Salonian died being J'rator, but he left u Minne behiudc
kini that came to be Consul), and was graiidfatlier
unto Cato the Philosopher, one of the most
vertuous men of his time.
«9
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
ArUtiddi nnct
Cstm.-* Hi'i'iicu!
Ui the cuiii-
THE COMPARISON OF
ARISTIDES WITH MARCUS CATO
OVV tliiit we Imvc wttc dovmc in wryt-
inge, tliese notolile mmI w»rthtc thJncs of
memory: if wo will eonfieTrr tht' life oi the
one, with the lift- of the other, iHThtijipcs
the difference lietweu*- ihe unv ftiid tlic
other will not easily he diaccnuxi, sotnngc
there he so many similitudes and rc«cin-
hhuK-cs one of un other. But If we coini'
to ronipnrc them in cvcrj- [Mirticularity, as we would doe
Po«-tK workes or pictures drowcn in tubles : first, in this we
sliall fimie them much n likv, Ihnt hiivin<; h»d nothing else
to |»refcrre and cunimi-iidi- them, hut their onely vertue and
wiiKiom, tliey have twne both governors in their common
wealth, und have U>erel>y atchieved to nvat honor and csti-
macion. But me thiakes when Aristides cum' tn denlc in
mattern of state, tlie common wealth and sei|i7iii)ry of Athena
was then of no frreat power, and therefore it was ensie for
him to set him selfe in prease. Besides, the other goveroom
and captaines that were of his time, and competitor with
him, were not very rich, nor of great authority. For the
taxe of the richest penumes then at Athens in revenue, was
but at live hundred bushells of come, and upwards, and
therefore were such called IViitaaisioiiieilinini. The second
taxe was but at throe luiiidn-d biinhel.-', nnd they were called
kuiehhi. The thir<l and liL«t was at two huntlrcd biisheUs,
and tlicy called Utem Zeugittt. Where Murois Cato com-
mtnfic out of a litle village, from a rude contry life, went
at uie first daslie (as it were) to plunge him sclfe into u
ho t torn les sea of government in the common wealth uf Konic:
which was not ruled then by sutli governors and capt«ini,-!>,
Oi Curius, Fabridus, and Ostilius were in old time. Fur
the people of Rome did no more bcntow their offices upon
40
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
such tn«aiic tnlwniig men, a.s came but lati'ly from the ARISTIDBS
plough and tlit- inatUicke : Imt they wmildc lookv iiow apoit *■";»
the DobiUty of their Iiousca, (Uid upon their rivhcs, that gave CATO
them most raoneV) or itued earnestly to tlieni for tlie oltjces.
And by reafion of their ereat power and authority, they
woulde be waittd upon, and sued unto, by those that sought
to bcnrc the honorable offices of the state and common
wcultli. jVnd it was no like match nor comparison, to have
TbcmistocJiv an iidvcraary and competitor, being neither of
noble Itousi-, nor grcfttly rich (fur they say, that all the
giN)d<« his father left hiin, were not worth above fuurc or
live hun<lred taleiites, when he bcgiumc to dittle in state)
in respect an to contciide for th«r chiefest uliHX- of hoitor
and authority ugiiiit^t Scipio Afrimn, Svrviliua Gntbu, or
(juiiitiuK riaminiiu, having no other maintenance, nor heipe
to trust unto, but a tongue speakuig boldly with reason
and all uprightnes. Moreover, Aristiaes at tJie battells of
Marathon, and of I'lataees, was but one of tlie tenne cap-
taines of the Athenians : where Cato was chosen one of the
two Consuls among many other noble and great competitors,
and one of the two Censors, before seven other thnt mode
sute for it, which were all men of ajvat rcputaciun in the
citip, and yet was Cato pn^frmxl before them all. Fiirtltcr^
tnar«, ATiMudes wa'* never the chicfest in any victory. For
at the battt-ll of Marathon, Miltituloi wtLi the gt-iiemtl : and
at tl»e bftttcll of Salaminn, Thcniistocii* : and at the joniev
of Flat^ees, kiiijr I'auMiniji:^ a.t HerodutiiK sayeth, who wryteth
that he had a mai'vi-loiM vic:tory tliere. And theiv were that
strived with Aristides for the second place, as Sopliaiies,
Amynias, Callimachus, and Cyne^rus, ever)* one of the
which did notable valliant service at those battells. Now Oftto In nmr-
Cato was generall him selfe, and chicfe of all his army in •^l,*?''*'
worthines and counsell, during the warre he made in Spayne, ?rirtiSe«.
while he was Consull, Afterwaixia also in the jomev wihiv
king j\ntiochu5 was ovcrthrowen in the contry of Thormo-
pyln, C-ato being but a C^loncll of A thou!«itde footemen,
an<l servingv under an other thnt was Conxull, wamte the
honor of the victory, wh«n he di<i Mxtainely set upon
Anttochuu behtudc, wbcivajt ho looked only to dcfeud mm
a:F 41
ARISTtDKS
jk>m
CATO
Ariiitl<le« sud
pletuurcis in
th« common
waalth.
The power of
innocencyand
eloqatiHXi.
Otmumia, '
IwuMrule.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
sclfe bofort'. Ami tfiat viclory, tvitlimit nil doubt wfts one
of tiie chivfcHt uctes that ewf Cato did, vUu druvc Aitia out
of Greece, and opt-ned the way unto Lucius Sdpio to pane
ftfltTwiinles into Alia. Su tliiti for tiw wure^ neither the
one nor Htv other of th«n was »-ver overcome in Iwttell : but
in peace aiid civill govenmient, Aristides was supplanted
by Them iat odes, who by practise got him to be bamslicd
Athens for a time, Wncrcas C-ato had in manner all the
gnatest and noblest men of Rome that were in his tin>e,
Hwome (.memica mito liim : and having alwaycs contended
with them even to his last bower, he ever kept htm selfv
on soutide grounde, like u stoutx: champion, and never tooke
fall nor fovle. For he having accuseit inany bef<)rc the
people, and mimy also nn'u.'sing him : liim wife was never
once c^tndi-mncd, but alwaycH his tongue was tlie buckeler
and defence of hiti life ana innocency. Which was to him
so necessary a weauon, and with it he could help himselfe so
in great mattery tliat (in my opinion) it was only cauric why
he uevev received dishonor, nor was unjustly coiuieiiinc<l :
rather then for any thing else he was befiolding to fortune,
or to any other that did protect him. And trucly, eloquence
u a singular gift, as Ajitiputer witnesseth, in that he wrote
of Aristotle the Phtlonoplier after his denth : mying, that
amongcst many otlier iiingiiliir graces mid piTfections ni liim,
he had this rare gift, tlirkt 1h- coiilde pcrHwade what he hstvd.
Now there is a rule (s>nfe!«H!<l of all the woild, that no mail
can attaine any gri'nter vertiu' or knowledge, tlti-n to know
how to guvernt- n multitude of men, or a city : a |>arU' wheraf
is OeamomiOf commonly called hotLieruIe, considering that- a
city u no other, then an as.scmlily of many householdes and
houses together, and then is the city commonly strong and
of power, when as the towncs men and citizens are wise
and wealthv. Therefore Lyciirgus that banished golde and
silver froDi I^txthemon, and eovne<t them money of iron, that
woutde be marred with fyrv and vinegre when it was tiot, did
not forbid his dti»Mw to bir good hiubniuls : but like a good
lawniiikcr, exceeding all other that ever w«it Ijcforo hini,
be did tmt onely cut of nil Kii]x-rfluous expciicc» Uwt cout-
iiwnly wavte up|>un ricbcK, but did also provide that his
48
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
people should ioclu.' uotJiin^ ncxH-ssitry to livi- witbtill, fcnr- ARISTIDBS
iiig morv to sec n bogf^T tuid iicdy pcrsonc dwcllingc in his *>"*
cititr, nnd enjoy thv pnviltHlgvs of tnv Munc, Hum a pruudc CAlt)
mail by rvtuou of his richi.^. So inc thiiikes, Cato wm us |
good a father to his )HnL-ii>hohle, ns he wftit a good governor
to the wnimoii wuiltli : for he did ImuentJy iiicreaw hi*
goods, and did t^-Ach other aliH> to do the same, bv saving,
and knowledge of good husbandry, whereof, in bis booke lie
wrote sundry good rules and precepts. Aristides contrari-
wise, made jurtice odious and slaunderous by bis poverty,
and as a thing Uiat made men poore, and was more profit-
able to other, then to a malts sellV that lucd justice. And
yet ilcsiodus the Poet, that eonimciideth justice so mucll,
doth wishe lis withall to be good husbandcs, reproving sloth
and iiUcues, as the roote and onginall of all injustice. And
thtnfore me thinker Hotncr spake widely when he sayed :
In llmeB past, neither diil 1 titbor, carcke nor cara
for burfn**, fi>r fnmil J-, for foitde, nor yet for fi*» :
but TAther did drliaht, with ahippfx tlio m-nfit to luiilo.
Id dnkw n bow, tu King k dart in wurrcn, tmA to provnilc.
As giving ua to understand, that justice and husbandry
are two relatives, and necessarily lincbed one to the other :
and that a man who bath no care of his ownc thingea,
nor bouse, doth live unjustly, and taketb from other men.
For Justin- is not hke oyle, which I'hiitilions s<iy is very The nature
holsome for munni.'K body, if it Ih- applied oiilwnrdly : and of «ft«,
in contrary tnaner very ill, if a ninn drinke it: tu-ither
ought a jtii^t man to profittc straungi.-n, ntt<l in tl>e tilde
not to care for liint selfe nor hiai. Thert'fune, tiie thinkes No mun wiie,
this gijvrrninge vertue of Aristid^-!> liad a fault in tbi& re- thi»ti*not
spect, if it lie true that most authors wryte of him : that '^^^^ *'""
he had no care nor fonxaat with him to leave so much,
as to mary his daiiKbters witliall, nor therenith to bury
him selfe. Where uiose of the house of Cato, continued
PrstoTs and ConsuUs of IIouk', e^'e^ unto the fourte disoeut.
For his sonnes sonnrs, and yet lower, his sounes sonnra
sonm-s cfuiie to the grtvtett ofliet^ of dignity in all Rome.
AimI jVristitii.Ts who wils in tiL' time Uie chiefi-nt nutii of
~ 48
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
ARISTIDE8 Greece, left his posterity in so great poverty, that some
Anu were fompclliti to bc«omc Soothsayers (thut iiitorpretc
CA^tO drcamcfl, and tell mens fortune) to get their living, nnd otiier
to oskc ftlmvs : itnd left ii» invane to nny of them, to do luiy
rut thing worthy of liiin. But to contrary this, it tnieht
Kuyil, povi-rty of it Hi-lft- in neither ill nor diohonett: but
PJ'^rty he uu whLTe it growt-th l>v idlenes, carelease life, vanity, and folly,
111 ihiiig. jj jj (^ ^ reprox-ed. For when it lighteth apon any roan
that is honest, and livetli welt, that taketh paines, is rerr
diligent, just, ralUaut, wise, and govemeth a common wealth
well; then it is a great signc of a noble minde. For it is
unpossible that man should doc any great tbingcs, that had
sueltabaseminde, astu thtnkenlwayesuppon trines: and that
he shoulde relieve the ])oor(^ gnvttly, tliat lacketh him selfc
rfiiefo in many thingiw. And sure, riches is not so nifreit.sary
for an honest man that will deale tnwiy in the viminion
wealth, aiid government, an is sulllcicaicy : which lH>ing<j a
contentadon in it iielfe, and desirous of no flujK^rfliiuu.s thing,
it never witlidrawetl) a man from following his biisinessi- in
the common wealth, that onjoyeth the same. For God is be
alone, who simptyand alt-wlutely hath no neede of any thinge
at all : wherefore the chiefest vertue that can be in man, and
that commeth nearest unto God, ought to be esteemed that,
which makcth man to have nccde of least thinges. For like
as a lusty body, nnd well complexioned, hath no neede (^
su]H-rlluo(is fare and curious npparell : even so a cicane life,
and sounde house, is kept with n litle charge, and so stioiddc
the gomies also be pn>])orlioned, aceorainge to use and
neccfuity. For he that giithereth much, and »iH'ndetb litlc,
hath ncx'cr enough. Hut lubnit he bath no dvnire to spend
much, then he in a fimle to travell to get more then lie
needeth : and if he do dbire it, and dare not for niggardlines
spende parte of that he lahoretb for, then h he miiiemhle,
Now woulde I aske Cato with a goodwill, if riebes lie made
but to use them, why do you boa&t then you have gotten
much together, when a litle doth suffice you ? and if it be a
commcnoable thing (as in troth it is) to be contented with
the breadc you linde, to drinkc of the same tappe workcmen
and laborers do, not to care for purple dyed gownes, nor for
44
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
houses witli plastered wallea : it followeth then that neither ARISTIDES
Anstides, nor Epaininondiia, nor Manius Curius, nor C'Aius ako
Pabrkius, have forgotten any parte of their duetiee, when CATO
they aavd not for gettinge of that which they would not
use nor occupy. For it was to no purpose for a man that
etteemed rootcs and parscnippcs to be one of the bt-st dishes
in the worlde, and that did sci-th tlicm hitn wife in his
chimney, whitest his wife did bake his bn.>ad, to tolke so
much of on Assv, and to take paincs to wi^te by what arte
and industry a man mi^ht (juickely enrich him wife. For it
» true, thnt »ufHdency, and to be contented witli a litle, i«a
CI and comniendnlik- thinner hut it is" hicautte it taketlt
I ic% »n di->ire of untiei-<«itury thingcn, tuid niaketh as not
to paaac fur them. And thi'refore we (inde that Aristidcs
sayo, when ricltc Callian ca.w wait pleaded, Lliat »ucli as were
poore against their willeti, might wel be a.<ihamed of their
poverty : hut siicl) as were wilTinaly poore, had good cause,
and might justly rejoyec at it. For it were a mad parte to
thinke that Aristides poverty itroceeded of a base niiiide and
alothfulne^ liince he might <mickely have made him sclfe rich
without any dishonc-sty at all, by taking only the spoyle of
some one of the barbarous people whome he had overcome, or
anyone of their tentcs. But enough for this matter. Further-
more, touching tlie victories ancl hattelb Cato had woune, niieUier
they did in maner htic helpe to increase tlie Empin- of Arirtide*
Borne : for it wtw already so creat, a» it could nlijmst be no ,^}^ "I.,
greater. Hut Anstldes victoncs arc tin- grv-ntm eoiKjucstcs ^(.^ lienvfit
and noblest actcs that tlie Gn-ecians ever did in any warres: their contry,
OS tlie joriK-y of Marathon, the battell of SaJaniina, and the
bftttell {of I'latecs. And yet there U no reason to compare
king AntioduL-t with king Xerxi.^ nor the wallett of the citi«
of Spayiie which Cnto <"erUirewe and nt-sed, unto so many
thousanit nf Imrtwiniu^ [leniili-, nliirli «ert- then nverthrowen
by till- Grei\-iaiis, a.* well by landc, as
by sea. In all which .servieeit, Aristides was the chiefest
and put to the Nwnrd
before all other, as toiicliing his valUantnes in fightinj;:
notwithstanding, he gave other tlie glory of it, that desired
it more then him selfe, as he did easily also leave the gold
and silver unto th<»e, that luid more neede of it then nim
4&
ARISTIPES
AND
CATO
Ambltiun, n
hstcAill thin^
in the com- '
BMD «e4kltll.
Cmo reproved
ftv U« wcoad
vlfe.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
selFe, Wherein lie shewed him selfc of a nobler tiiinde, tliMi
all they did. Furthermore, for my {wirte, I will not reprove
Catocs Riaimcr, to comincnde nnd vxtuU liim ttrlfe so highly
ahovv all other, since he him selfc myth in an oration Iw
nuulv, tlint to pntiiK- hiia-sc-lf is iw miH^i folly, tut alKo to db-
prmisc liJmselfe: but this I thinke, hinvrrtue i.t more perfect,
that diwircth other should not prai»e him, then he thnt
oommonly doth ti>i- to prai.se him Helfe. I-'or, not to be
ajiibitiouii, i.i a j^at Awv of humanity, and necessary for
him that will live ainonf^t men of government: and c^'cn
so, ambition is hateful!, and procuretli great envy unto him,
that is infected withall. Of the whicli Aristides was cleare,
and Cato farre gone in it. For Arietides did help Theinis-
toeles his chiefi'st enemic, in utl IiIh noblest aetes, and did
serve him (us u imm would say) like a private souldier that
garded his pcrsone, when Themistocles wa;<i gcnenvll, bciiigc
the oncJy instrument and ninmc of his glory : which was
in dcvdc the oiiely caiiw tlint tlie city of AUiens won saved,
and restored 'igiu'nv to her former good Htnte. Cato con-
tnu^wiHc, eronnin^ S<-ipio in all his enti-rprUieK, tlmii^ht to
hinder )i>.s voyitg<- and jomey unto (.'arUiage, in the which he
overcame Hannibal I, who untill that time was ever invineihle:
and M> in the ende, cimtinuiug him atill in jcalouzy with the
state, and c%-er accustnge of him, he never left him, till he
liad driven him out of the eity, and caused his brother
Luciuii Scipio to Ik? xhamefully condemned for theft, and ill
buhaviuiu' in his chtirge. Fuiihermore. for teiti|x-min)ce and
lliudestv, which Cuto (li<I ever eoiimicnde so highly: Aristiiles
truciy Kept IIkiii most «inwn'ly. But Catocs setvnde wife,
who marled it maide, (that wa!« neither fit for his dignity and
colling, nor ngrecHble fur his age) made him to be tJionght n
lerlieruu-s miw, and not witliout nianifM cuilhc. For he cnn
nut be excuM-d with honeiity, that lu-inge b man |>n-tt mnriagv,
brought hiK minne that wa.*) mnried, and his fayer daughter
in lawe, n atepjic motJier into litH houtie, and but a elearkeit
daughter, whooe father did WTvte for money, for any man
that woulde hyer him. Take tt Cato niarie^ her to sati&tic
his lust, or else for spite to be revenged of hia sonne, bicause
his Sonne couldc not abide his younge filth he had before:
46
CATO,
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
(rithcr of tht'Sv turncth still to his shiinie, u» wcl thv vffixX, a» ARISTIDES
abw the cause. Aguinc, the exvusf he niAde to liiit soiine *"■>
why he mimed, wam al»u a lye. For if \w Iiiul grokinded his
desire in deetle, to have gotteti other children, as he »«yd,
that mif>ht bo as honest nieti a.« hi.t eldest noniie : tlieti .surely
he lind iluiie well after tlie <leath of hijt Rrst wife, if he liad
jht him an other wife ^^oone after, tliat had lieiie of an
'bonest how>e, aii<l not to have lien with a young Imrlatry Altli,
tU bis sonne had spied him, and then when he saw it was
knowen, to goe and mary her, and to make alliance with
him, not bicausc it was honorable for him to do
it, but was easiest to be obtained.
THH KXDE OV M.UtCtTS CATOKS LIFK THE CTEK90B
THE LIFE OF PHILOP(EMEN
N the city of Mantinea, there was a citixm
in old time cjtlleil Ca.s«»nder, mti- that vi\»
a» nobly borne and of a.s pint nuthoritie
in government tltem, as any mnii of his
time whatsoever. Notwithstanding, for-
tune frowned on him in the eiide, inso-
much as he was driven out of his contrv,
and went to Ij'c 'i the city of Megalopolis,
only for the love he l»ri' imto Cnmsis, Philopocmcnes father,
A rare mitn, and nobly ■jcveii in all thinges, uu<t one that
tove<l hiin aluo very well. Now »o loiige a» ('rausis lived,
CamhukIlt wiLt SCI well used at hi^ hancli-M, tliat he ouuld
tacke notliing : and when lie w».i departed this worlde,
kCoasander, to requite the love Crau-sin Imrt- him in his life
[time^ tooke his sonne into his charge, being an orpliajie, iiiui
aught him, as Homer sayd Adiilles was brought up by the
[oWc Pbamijc. So this cbildc PhilopiEmeii grewe to have
I noble conditions and iiicrensed alwayes from good to better.
Aflerwardes, when he aime to grow to nuins state, Ecdcnius
and lJ<:mop)lUlle^, both MegalitwlittttLs, tooke hini into their
♦7
Cr&usIg,Phllo-
pcetnenM
father.
('tu>iuinil«f'
rhlluiico-
tneuca
■CluH)l»-
BuiMar.
PHrLO-
PtEJIEM
DemiHihttnw
Kd Philo-
sophy to
Pbilopcrnirn.
PhltoponDen
tilt lost
tumoa* mm
ofGtWxv.
rhilopcBmeii
Uken for
mmrviage
iDRn.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
goTcrnmmt. Thcv witl- two Philosoplicrs thitt hod bene
hearcni uf ATXM.-NiIaLi». in the kcIwoIv of Acailcmiu, nnd
afU'rwunltv i.iii[>loj'i,ii aII tin- PhilosHpliy tht-y but) UKimcd,
upon thi' govcniiiiff uf tlie a>iiinioti wcjilth, luiil (U^uliiij^ in
ninttcTN tit sUlf, tut inLi<:h or u)un-, tht-n tuiy otht-r iiu-ti of
tlicir time. For tlifj' delivered their city from the tyrftimy
of Aristtjdemufl, who kept it in aubk'ction, by corruptinge
thoiiie that killed him. And they did heipe Aratus also to
drive tlie tyraji Niocles, out of Sicyonc. At the request of
the Cyrenians, that wore troubled with dvil dissmitjon and
factions among them, they went unto Cyrena, when? they
did rcforme the state of tlie common wealth, and stablit>hed
good lawe? for them. But for them selves they reckeni-d
tJie education and bringing up of Fhtlopurmen, ttie chiefest
actv that evvr they did: ludjriiig that they luid procuretl
an univemdl good unto all Gnvce, to bring up a man of
HO noble ii natun-, in the nilea and precepts of Philosophy.
And ti> my truely, (ireee did love him jiassiiigly well, as the
liv<it vallisnt man she bn>ught fourth in her age, after so
many great and famous auncient Captaines : and did alwayes
increase his power an<! authority, as his glory did also rise.
Whereuppon there was a Kinniunc, who to praise him the
more, called him tlie )a»t of tiK' Greevians : meaningc, that
after him, Greece never bmught foorth any worthy persone,
descrvinge the nanii.- of a Grv-eciaii. And now coneeruingc
his penione, he had no ill face, as many HUpjiuM- he bad :
for his whole image is yet to be seene in the city of Delpln-s,
excellently well done, as if he were alive. And fur tJiat tliey
reporte of his hostesse in the city of Megara, who tooke liim
for a serving man : that was by reason of his curtesie, n*>t
standing uppon his Fepiita«:ion, and bicausc he went plainely
besides, tor she imdenttnruling that the General! of tlie
Achaians came to Imie there /dl night, .'<ho bi^turred her, and
was very busie preparing!- for his supper, her husband par-
advcnturc being from home at that time : and in the mcanc
a-ason came Philopucnivn into the Innc, with a poore clokc
on his b(u;ke. Ilie simple woman seeinge him no better
uppitrelled, tooke hiui for one of his men that canie before
to provide hiH lodging, and so prayed him to Icnde her his
18
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
baiide in the kitchin. He straight cast of his cloke, and
b^anne to Call to lieve wodde So, as l^hiloptcmen was
busie about it, in oomnieth her husbiuidc, and findinge him
rivinge of wodde : llu ha ha, suvd he, niv Ix>r(Ic l'hilupu;mcn,
Vfhy what nn-ancth this? Triivly iiolhitig cW, sajd he in
hi« IXiriaui toii]L;iiu, but tlmt I nni piitiUhed, hiaiiise I am
ueitlicr fay«r btiy, nor goodly man. It i» Irw that Titus
Quintius rlainiiiiiu sayod ono dav utiU> him, liet-tningi- to
modce him for hiH pernona^: O I^ilopueuiej), thou haat
fayer liaitdes, aitd good t<^ge^ but thou bast no belly, for he
was (ine in the waste, and &uialt bodied. Notwjthstkndinge,
I take it this jeastiiige tended mther to the proporticH) of
his army, then of his bodv : bicaiisc he had botn good horse-
men, and footemen, but lie was often without money to pay
Um'DI. These gvastes, scboUem have taken tipjK: in schoolcs,
orPbilo]>ccmiii. But now to disccixl to biit nature and con-
ditiotw: it »<x-incth thitt the ambition and dunrc be had to
winne hoitor in hiK doiitgiii, vrns not witliout «onic heatc and
wilfullnes. For, biakum; Im- woidd altoj^-ther fullow Kfinnii-
nondaa stepjie*, lie shewed hiii lianiines to etiterpriM^ any
thing, his wiftedonie to execute all gnat inatter*, and tiu
inteKrity also, in that no money could corrupt him : but in
dnu matters and controversies, he coulde hardly otherwhilea
keepe him selfc uitliin the boiides of modesty, pacience, and
curtesie, but woulde often burst out uito choller, and wilful-
ncs, Whii-fore it secmetJi, that he was a better Ctiptaine
for wRnx5«, then a wiw; governor for ik*ju:c. And in deedc,
eren from hi-s youth he ever loved itouldiciH, and aniicK, and
delttsd nian-elously in all niartiall exorcise.t: at in lumdling
of his wea[)on well, riding of borM« gallnntly, anil in vnwting
nimbly. And hicause be seemed to have a natumll gift
in wreitUnge, certaine of his frendes, and such a.i were care-
full of him, did wishe him to gevc him selfe most mito
that exercise. 'ITicn he asked them, if their life that made
such profession, would be no bindvrnunce to their martJall
ex«rasc«. Aimswerc vros made him sgaine, that the dis-
position of tile IK-Tvom-, (Uid manner of life that wrestlers
lucd, and xuch as followed like exercises, was altogether
contrary to tlie life and dihcipliiie of a nouldier, and tipcciAlly
a:G 49
PHILO-
PtEMEN
PliLlop(VTn«n,
hsstr uid
wilfull.
FhilopcKincu
deliKkUd in
waxreuid
tnartlall
«s«rcisM.
PHiLa
WEMEN
PhilviKEmen
(lid rF|>rovH
FbUopOK
niciMi ffoiuM
how they were
em ploy III.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
touching life and limme. For wi-estlc^rs r>tucli«I nltoj^thcr
to kecpc them selves in gooci plight, by much §lwpijig, iviting,
nnd drinking, by Iftbonng, and taking their case at certaine
hovrcrs, by not missinge a jotte of their exereisesi : and
bcsjdos ''Kre in hAzard to loose the force iind Htnmgth of
their body, if they tlid surlit never so litk% or passed their
ordinary courM; tuid rule of tiiet- Whcrv jwiiildiers contrari-
wiso ftfi- u»ed to all ehaimgi.', tmd <liver!<itie of life, and
iijx-eially be taught fnim their youth, to away with all hard-
nease, and Hcarsity, aiut to watelie in the night without
slcepe. I'hilojHtmen ht-ariiig this, did not onely forsake
those exercises, and scorned them, but afterwardct beinge
Gencrall of an anny, he Miught by all infamous nieanes
he collide to put downe all wrestling, and such kinde of
exiTciw, whidi niade meiines bodies umiieete t<> take paines,
and to bi-conR- souldieis for to fight in defence of thi-ir anitry,
that otlicrwi»e would have bene very able and handsome for
the same. When he first left his bouke imd M-hooleiiiasters,
and bt^aiine U> weare annor in invtuiuns the Mantineians
used to make up|>on Uie I.iu^'dK'nionianN, to get some g>oytc
on a sodaine, or to destruv a parte of their contry: Philo-
pcemcn then would ever In- the fonnost to go out, aiid
the hindcrmost to come in. When he had ieosiuv, he
Hsed much hunting in time of peace, all to aci|uainte his
body with toyle and travel!, or else he would be dicing
uf hii4 groimdcs. For he liad a fa>Te mannor, not pas»-
inge twenty furlotiges out of the city, whether he would
waJke commonly nnt^'r dinner or supper: and then when
night came that it was bed time, he would lye u|>im some
ill lavon-il iiuittresse, as tlie meanest laborer he had, and in
the raomingt- by hrejike of the day, he went out cither
with his vine men to labor in bis vineyard, or eke
with his plough men to follow the plough, and somtimes
returned agfune to tlie dty, and followed matters of the
common wealth, with his frendes and other officers of the
Kamc. Whatsoever he could spare and get in the warrcs,
ho spent it in buyuig of goodly horse&, in nmkingc of
fayer armors, or payinge his poore contry mens rausome,
tnot weiv taken prisotiet? in the warres : but for his goodet
00
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
and n-f-ratii', he sought onely to incrc«se thvm, bv thi'
profit of tillagv, which he L-slecim-d t)ic jiisti.-st and b«t
way of eettio^ of gooiJes. Fur )»c did nut tnfli; tlieruin,
but rmployod hi* wlmlt> ran: tuid stitdy apon it, as one that
thoudit it Ht for every noble man and gentleman tto to
tntTmiU, governe, and increasi- his owme, that he should have
no occa^on to covet or usurpe an other manncs. He tooke
no pleasure to heare all kuide of matters, nor to read all
torten of bookes of Pliilosophy : but those onely that would
teodie him most to become vertuous. Neither did he much
care to read Homers worses, savingc those phuxs onely
that stirred up mens hortes moet unto valliantnes. But of
all other stories, he speciallv delited to read Evangelus
bookes, which treated of the cfiscipliiie of warres, how to set
battells, and declared the ncrti'v nnd f^-oxU.s of Alexander the
ffreat, sayingt- : that men »houldovvpr brin^ his wordt« untx>
dcodM, onl*.«sc men would take tliein for vaine stories, and
thingt* spoken, biit not to prolit by. Fnr in his boc^es of
the K-At4.-s of warrv, and bow tmttelU shoulde be nnlered, he
was not onely oontented to see them drawen and wt out,
in cartes and mapper : but would also put tlietii in execu-
tion, in the places them selves as they were set out. And
therefore, when the army marched in order of battell m the
iielde, be woutde oonsider and study with him wife, the
eodaine erentes and approches of the enemies, that might
light upon them, when they comming downe to the valley,
or goiiiji out of a plaine, were to passe a river or a ditehc, or
through some stmight : aif'O when he xliuuld spread out his
army, or else gather it narrow : jind this he did not only
forecast by him sclfe, but woulde also arcue the «amc with
the Captaines Umt wen- aliout him. For Philo]Hvmm doubt-
leate was one of the oddc men of the vrorlde, that moitt
eiteemed the diKcinline of warre, (aiKl sometime [Kriut venture
more then he neetled) a« the n>ost Urj^e field and must fnite-
full ground that valliantnes could be exercised in : so that
be despised and contemned all that were no souldiers, as
men good for nothing. When he was come now to thirty
yeares of age, C'leomenes kingo of Lncediemon, came one
ni^t upon the i>o(lnine, and gave an assault to the city
51
PKILO.
P<£MBN
PhilopCB-
aicdiM study 1
•nd care In
to TVii Kvim-
Kcliu buokM
of th«di>d-
ptiiMof
warrea
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
PHILO-
ViFMKS
VhiUipanntni
tmufrutii
CI«ORi«n«s
king of
PbilOpCHIMIl
rer; ton
tinrt.
of Mi.'^ipolis, 80 lustely, that be drave backe the w&tdie
iwid got into the nwrket pWe, and wanne it. Pliilopceraen
Itcariiige of it, raiitit: iuiniediatlv to the rescue. Neverthe-
Itsse, though he fought very valfiantly, and did like a noble
iKmldier, yet he coulde not repulse the enemies, nor drive
then) out of the citv. But hy tnis mcane he got his dtiiiens
leaiiiu^e, aiid some time to get them out of tLc towne to save
them selves, staying those that followed tbem : and made
Clcomeura still wait*^' ujion him, no that in the end he had
much a do to mve him setfe being the last man, juid very
sore hurt, and hi« home also nlaine under him. Shortvly
afUrr, Cleomeiie-i Ix-intr advertised tiiat tlie Ale^ujKilitaju
werv gotten into the city of MesHina, sent unto thetn to let
thcni understand, tliat he was ready to deliver them ilieir
city, lands, end goods againe. But rhilopcemen seeing his
contrymen very glad of Uiese ncwes, ana that every man
pre|)ared to ri'turne agnine in hast: he st^iyd them with
these perswftsions, shewing them that Cleomem^s devise was
not to redeliver thiin their city, but rather to take them to-
gether with their city: futvni'eiiig well enougti, tluit he cotdd
not continue long there, to kcepe naked nalln and eninty
hou»eK, and that Jiim »elfe in tlie ende should lie oompelled to
goe liiH way. This perswasion slaved the Mcj^lopolitanii,
but witliall it gave Cleomene^ occasion to bume and plucke
downe a great parte of the city, and to cary away a great
sumnie of mcmey, and a great spoyle. jUterwardes, when
kingc Antigonus was come to aide the Achaians against
C'leomenc«, and thjit Cleomenes kept on the toppo of the
ABnauru mountaini-s of St'll(i>.i»i, «n«J kept all tJie pastuigc* and waves
waJnA CI«o- tinto them out of all tJiose ({uarterx : king Antigonu't fiet his
tnenM kln^ of army in luittel hard by him, determining to »et upon him,
Lacedwnuin. jujd to drive him thence if lie could ponibly. Phiioiwi-inen
was at that time amongest the horsemen witli hi8 cittiicns,
who had the Illvrians on the side of tliem, being a great
number of footemeii and excellent good souldiers, which did
shut in the taile of all the army. So they were coramaunded
1^^. to stand stil, and to kci>c tlieir place, luitiil such time as they
kinit« Cmo- '^''^ shew tliem a rvdoe eoate of amies on tlw toppc of a
oMnet. pyke^ from the other wing of the battell. where the king
52
KlnR Anti-
mniu came
loi^dfl the
AehaiiDi
Pbllopo-
OicaM unblti
bet in the
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
him seife stoode in perooiic. Notwithstanding this straight PHIIX
commatuidement, the Captaineti of the lUyrians would abide P(EMB
00 lenger, but went to see if they could force the L^oedie*
monians that kept on the top of the mountaiaes. The
Achaiooa {ontrariwisc, kept their place and order, as they
were comiiuktiiidi-d. Euclidas, Clcotiienes brother, pcrceiv*
inf; t)ui« their enemies fuotemeu nerc Kevovd from their
horMMiK-n. sudainty victit thir lighti'«t iirtnMl Kouldien and
ltutie>t fvUuwRt Ik- hntl in his l>and», to gcw « clmrKc upon
tJic Iliyriiuw behindc, to prove if they couldc tnaxe th«tn
t^ime their facxs on thctn, uicause they had no horsemen for
tlieir earde. 'nn» was done, and thesi- light armed men did
marvek>usly trotible and disorder the Itlyrians. Fhilofxmnen
perceivinge, that, and considering howe these liglit armed
men would be easily broken and driven backe, since oocasioti
selfe inforccd them to it : he went to tell the kings Cap-
taines of it, that led his men of armes. But when he saw
he could not make them tmderstaud it. and that they made
no r%*(.-ketiin>; of his rcAsontt, but touko him of no skill,
biouiM- he hnd nut yet atlatnecl any cn-dit or ^-stiniuciou to
be judged a man, tnat eouUl invk-nt or execute any stratA-
geaine of warrc : he went thither him !«.'lfe, and tookv hi«
vitixens with him, And at hix tint couiming, he so trmibled
these light armed men, that he made them flie, and slue a
number of tiiem. Moreover, to encorage the l>etter king
Antigoiius men, and to make them gevc a lusty charge
uppon the enemies, wliilest they were thus troubled and out
01 order : he left his horse, an<i marc-hcd a foote up hill and
downe hill, in rotigh and stony waycs, full of springs and
quitvcmym, being heuvely armed at all pecccs as a man at
arn>c«, and fightiuge in this sortc very pftiuefultv and unvaaily,
h« had both hi» thigluv jvisl through with a dart, havingu a Philowm
leather tlionge on the mnidi-,-.t of it. And though thi- blow •>"" f" ^t
did not take mitch holdir of tliL- fleshe, yet wan it a stronge
blow, for it pearced Imth thighi>s through and through, that
the iron was secne on thother side, 'liicn was he so com-
bered with this blow, as if he had bene shackled with irons on
his feetc, and knew not what to doe : for the leather fastened
tn the middcst of the dartc, did grevc him marvelouslv,
63'
Philopwmcn
cbasen O«iio-
rail uf the
hon>em«a of
Out Achaisns.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
wh«n they Uiotiglit to hitvc pulliKl tlic dartc out of the
Jlaoe vrlit-rc it cntrt-d in, m m iM>vcr r iiuui about him
urat set \m lioixles to it. Philopcctnvn oil the otlicr Hide,
seeine the Ught tvnriltlu uii cither .side, and would soone be
ended : it spited him to the euttoa, he would no tedne have
bene among them, So at tiit- length he made such atmggw.
ling, putting backe one t))igh, and setting forward an other,'
that he knapped the staffe of the dai'te a sunder, and made
tiicm pull out the two troncheons, the one on this side, and
tlie otJicr on the other side. Then when he saw ho was at
lilwrty a^ne, he tookc his sword in his haitdv, and nuine
tlin>ugh the middcst of them that fought, unto tlie foremont
nuickes, to mci^te with the enemy: so tlint he gave hi* men
a iiewe cor«ge, and did si-t them on fyre with envy, to followe
his valliantn<^i«te. After tho hfittell was woiiiie, Antigonus'
asked the Macedonian ('ajitaiiii'*, tx> prove them : who moved
the Iwrsemen to devide thetn »elves,''and give the charge,
before the stgne that was eorainaunded. They aunswered
him, that they were fiirced to doc it against their willes,
bicause a yoimg Mega lopol! tan geiillcman gave a charge
with hi* company, before the signe was given. Then Anti-
gonuis ioughmg, told them : tlie young gnitlnnan plityed
the jKirto of a wise and valliant Caplaine. This rxployte,
togethiT with Antignnux testimony, gave great reputacHon
unto Philopccmen, mt we may nuily imagine, fno king Anti-
gonuA morvelmisly intnnteil him nc would serve with him,
and offered him a bande of men at annes, and groat enteivj
tainemeiit, if he would go with him. But rhilopcemea'
refused his offer, and chiefly, hicauae he knew his owne
nature, that he could hardly abide to be commiumdii3 by
any. Notwithstandinge, bicausc he could not be idle, he
tookc »ca, and went into Creta, where hi- knewe there were
warrtw, onoly to continue him selfe in exercise thereof. So
when he hud wr\e6 « lonm- time with the Crt-tan-s which
were valliant wmldiers, nntl vcrj' ex|X.Tt in all polidea and
feates of wane, mid morwivpr were men of a moderate and
sp&re dyet: he returned home againe t» Achaia, with so
great credit and re])(itAei(>n of every one, that he was pre-
sently clioHen (ienemll of all the horsemen. So when he
5*
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
entred into hU charge, hv foundi* many horse-men very ill
honM-d, upon litli- InJi-s, stich il'; might Ix' gotten chL-apcst,
and how they iis«! not t<> goi- thom wivw in pcrsonc to the
wATTCs, btit ni<) wndc othvr in their sti.«de : and to be shorte,
how they twitlKr had liartes, nor exiK-rii'iicc of the wattcs,
and nil Dicaune Uie Geoer&lU and CajiUiun of the people
of the Ach&iniii tliat served I>efore him, did take no hn-de
to tiioae matters, aa fearinee to offende any, bicause Uiey
had the greatest authority in their handes to punish or re-
ward whom they thought good, l^hilopccmen feariiige none
of all these thingcs, would leave no parte of his charge and
ducty undone, hut wmt him selfe in pcrsonc to all the cities,
to pcrswade and cnojragL- the youne giiitlcmcn, to be well
horsed, and ucll armni, that they might winne honor in the
Gvlde, be able to iU*f«iile tlli-ni Selves, and overthrow their
cnemien. Ami wlu-rv pi-ntwivsion couki doe no good, there
he would Het (ynus u[K>n their heades that w refused, and
did use to muster tlit-m oft, and did acquointe t)>ein with
tilting, turning, and harriers, and one to fight with an other,
and at such times and jilaces specially, as he knew there
would be multitudes of people to give them the lookir^
on : that in shortc space he made them very forwaroe,
E roper, and ready horsemen, whose cbiefest property is, to
cvpe their order and nuickes in the battclf. bo as when
ncecssitie served for the whole cumptiny of horwmen to tumc
together, halfc turue, or whole tunie, or else every man by
him selfe : they were so throughly traiiu-d in it, that oil the
whole troupe set in baltell n»y, di<l seeme (w it wen- to be
but one body, tlioy removed so txigi-tlutr, wul withall so
easily, und at all tim&i, and so oft, as tume tliey wouldc
on the one .-tide, or on the other. Now in a gKut Iwttell
tiie Achaians had with the ^tolians and the Elians, by the
river of Lariasus : Demophantus, Gencrall of the horsemen
of the Mtoiians, came from his company to light with Philo-
pcemen, who also mode towardes Iiim, and gave hini first
such a blow with his spt-are, ttiat he stroke him starke deade.
When Dmnopliantiu fell to the grnuode, hi& souldicrs fled by
and by upon it. This wauite t'liilopcemen great honor, who
gave no place to the youngest men in lighting most valliantly
fiS
PHILO.
r(£MEN
Iliilnpcnniea
■luc J)cmi>-
phontii*.
Geiiernll o{
thebon&-
men of the
AtoliuiB.
vnux).
P(EMEN
The pniisK of
Phil(i]>i)<meu.
ArAtiis rai««d
Achnia to
KTcntnM.
[•hiloptrmcn
tind Arntuii
ciimpori'd.
Aratus b
«oft mnn in
warns.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
n-ith his owne handes : nor to the oldest mtii in wiscdome,
for the wise Icadine of liis army. In dwdc the tirst man
that made the jieople of Achaia grow iu power mid gn^ttnes,
was AratuB : for before liis tunc Achaia was of small rvckcn-
ingp, bicausc the cities of the same stoodv dcvidcd betwcne
them selves, and j\ratiix was the first mrmno that made thvm
j«>yiio togt-ther, and sUiWishwl numnjp; thein an honent civill
g<ivmimfiit. Wherebv it hap]H-iuHl, that «.t we mm.- in brookes
and Tivvrx when- any litle tbingo .ttoppeth ami falleth to the
bottome, which the crtume of the water bringeth downe the
streame, there the rest that followeth doth use to stay, and
goe no further : even so in the cities of Greece that were in
harde state, and sore weakened, by faction one against an
other, the Achaians were the first that stayed themselves,
and grewe in aniity one with the other, and ufltT«ardes
drewe on the nst of the cities iiitri Ifiigue witli tbem> M
good neighbours ami con fell em Is. Some by helpinge and
deliveringe thvm from the uppres-sion of tyrans, and win-
ninge uUii'r aI*o by tlii^ir peaix-able goremnient and good
concoi'de: they baa a ineaninge in this wise, to bringe all
the contrie of I'eloponneBiis into one body and league.
Neverthelesse, while Aralus lived, thev dejjended most apon
the strength and power of the Macif lonians : first with sticlc-
inge unto kinge I'tolomie, and then unto Antigonus, and last
to Philip, who ruled in manner all the state of Greotx-. But
when Philopccmen uime to goveme, and to be the chiefest man,
the Achaians beinge stronge enough to niiist the strongest,
wouJdr niaR'he then no more under any other IxKlienemugne,
nor wouUle suffer any more strauiige govemoi> or ('a))taines
over them. l''or Aratus (as it seemed) was somewhat to softe
and colde for the warres, and therefore the most tbinges he
did, were by gentle intreaties, by intelligences, and by the
kinges fiendshippes with whomc he wan great, as wc have
at Targe declared in his life. But rhiloiKemeu Mnge a
manne of execution, hanly and vnlliant of persone, and of
very gooti fortune, in the limt Iwllell that he ever mrule, did
niarvelou.i.ly enei-ea,**- the corage and harlcv of the Aehuiniis :
bicaune undei* hin charge they ever foiled t^ieir enemies, and
alwayes hadde the upper hande over them. The fint thiugc
66
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Philopcemen b^;anne wiUinll iit iiis i-oinrniii^, hv chitiingai
the manner of tiiettiiigc of tlw^ir tahliH, mid ttu.'ir riu,-ti>ii uf
amiinge tht-«i solve*. F*ir lieforc tliey caric-i! litle tiglit tar-
gcttes, uliich b>caui»c they were thiniie and iiarruwe, did not
cover halfc Uieir bodies, aiid used spLiares farre sliorter then
pykra, by reason whei-eof they were very light, and good to
^irmi^- and fight a fan-c of: but when tlicy came to joyne
bttttcll, thrir ciicmics then haddi- great vantagi? of them.
A» for the onU-r of their batU'ih*", they knewe not what
it ment. nor to avfi tlK-m selves into a utiuill or rinj^y, but
ODely itxtl iiw Mjiian.' batt<.-ll, nor yet euvc it any nueh fronte
wht-re the pyki-s of many ranckes mieht pmhc together, and
where tiie itouldien might »tande so cloeie,that tlteir tm^ttes
should touch one nn other, an they do in tht- sciuadroii of the
battel! of the Maeedouiana : by reason whereof, tliey wi-rt-
iiooiic broken, and overthrowen. Philopcemen reforuied all
this, pervading them to use the pykc and shielde, in steade
of their iitle target, spcarc, or bofntafTc, and to put good
mon^'ans or lairgaiiettps on thrir hcodes, corsclcttes on uidr
bodies, and good tiu»cs and greavcK to cover their thighcs
and teggct, that they might tight it out manfully, not
gevinge n fnott? of groundc, an light armed men that runne
to an<) fro in a. NkirniiHhe. And tJius Imvinge pctswadcd and
tau^it Uic younge nti-n to arme them selve-t througblie, tint
he made tliein the bolder and more cora^ou.t to fight, as
if they had l>ene menne that couldc not have bene over*
come : then he turned all their vaine liuiwrftuous char^, into
tteccssarie and honest eX{Kii«-!i. But he eould not posnblv
bring th<'m altogt-thtT from their vaine and richc apparel),
they had of long time taken up, (lie one to exceedc an other :
Dor ftom their sumptutius furutttin- i>f houses, as in hcddea,
hanginges, curioun K-rvice at tht^ table, and ilelicat^ kimle
of wshcs. But to beginiie to withdrawe thi.i dwire in them
which they hadde, to ne fine and delicati:-, iti all superfluous
and urnivcesMxie things, and to like of thingea iieremarie,
and profitable : he uiKht^l them to looke more iierely to their
mdinarie charge about them selves, takinge order a.t welt for
tJieir appajell, as also for their diet, and to spare in them,
to come hoDorablie armed to the fioldc, for doenee of their
3:H 57
PHI La
PililopuMiieU
the Aenaiatu
vrderand
dUciplIoe
of mra.
PHILO-
rpCEMEN
emun
tam«3 all
curimitv and
dunty fnre,
into brnve and
rioho urmoni.
Brnve armor
meiii mindnH
to iwrveuuljJy.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
cootrie. Thereupp<m, if yun IiaiI looked into tbv goldo-
smithes shoppvs, yt- should have M-viio iiothiiigc cl**- in Uicir
hnndes, but brwitinge aiid batteringe of poiUxs of ^Mv ruid
silver, to be east aiKrinolton downe againe, and tbc-ii gikliiige
of armors and targettes, aiid ailveriiig of bittes. In tnv sliowe
oloct-'s for the ruiiiungc of hoi-ses, there was inaniiedging and
oreiikinge of yoiiiigc horscn, and yoimge men exercisinge
arnii-s. Wouicns haudes also were full of niorryans and
heade peeeea, whereto they tyed goodly brave plumes of
feathers of sundry colours, and wen.- also fiill of imbrodered
anninge contes and cassuckL^s, with curious and very ricbc
workes. Tlie sifjht of wlneli bravcric did heave uppc thdr
hortea, and made tlu-iii f;iillant and lively: so as envy bred
straight in them who Khoutde doe bent service, and no way
spare for the warres. In deede, sunipltioiisiit'stH' luid bravene
in other sighten, dotlt secretely cai'y iJien» minder away, and
allure them to seeke after vanities, which maken them tender
bodied, and womanishe persones: bicaiise this sweete ticklinge,
and intisinge of the outwarde sencc that is delighted there-
witli, doth straight melt and soften the strength and eoragc
of the minde. But agaiiic, the sumptuous cost bestowed
apon warhkc furniture, doth iiieorage and make great a
noble harte. Even us Homer sayeth it did Aehilles, when
his mother brought tiini newe aniior and weapons, she hndde
caused Vulcan to make for him, and layetl tJiem at his feetv:
who seeinge them, coulde not tarie, but wa.s straight sctte
on fyre with desire to occiipie them. So when HliiliiiMrmca
hadde brought the youth of Aehaia to this good piu<K-, to
come tJius bravely armed and ^mished into the nelde, he
begatme then to cxerdse them continuallic iu armes: whercia
they did not onely shcwe them selves obedient to him, but
did moreover strive one to cxcell an other, and to doe better
then their fellowcs. For they liked marvelous well the
orderinge of the l>attel! he hjidde tnught them, bicausc that
standinge so close together «» they djtl, they thought surely
they coulde hardly l>e overthrowen. Thusljy eontinuaunce
of time, beinge muche utted to weare tlieir armor, they fotmdc
them a great deale easier and lighter then before, tx^ides the
pleasure they tooke to see their armor so brave, and so ricbc:
58
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
[QMmuch ns they lon^ for »ume ocawion to tryc them
straight tipiK>n tnc-ir oni-tnW. Now the Aclud«nM iit that
time were at waitcs with MachaiiiiUn, Die tvnuinv of Lacv-
dntnon, who »ought by all dense he coulae with a great
nrmie, to become chieie Lorde of all the Peloponnesian^.
V%'heii Dewet) waa broueht that Machanidas wan come into
the contrie of the MantinioDs, l'hilop<Enien straiglit nmrched
towardes him with his army ; so they mett bothe not
(kiTc from the citie of MantiiKfi, where by and by they
put them selves in order of battell. They both haddc
vntertaynnl in paye a great niimbcr of stratmecrs to
»iTve tnem, besitk-s tlie wiwle foirc of their coDtnc : and
when they cnme to joyne bnttell, Atachiuiidn^ with hi«
KtmiiiipiTs gn\c such II lustie eJiarj^e uppon certainc slingcs
Olid ari-hi-r« Ix-ing the forlonie ho|>e whome I*hilo|)a-nioii )uu)
cast of l>t.-fore the battell of the Achaians to lieginne tli«
sidruiishe, tliat he overthrew them, and made them flic
withal. But where he should have gone on directly againttt
the Achaians that were ranged in battell ray, to have proved
if he could have broken them : he was very busie, and
earnest still, to follow the cha^ of thoni that first fled, and
30 came hard by the Achaians timt stotxk- still in their battel,
and kept tlicir rancki«. litis great overthrow fortuning at
the beginning, many men thought the Aeluiians were but
cast away. But Philopcvnien made as though it hod bene
nothingv,and that he n-t light by it, and .tpying the great fault
his enemies made, followitig the furlome nope on the spitrre.
whom they had ovi-rtiirowfu, ami ^t^aying «o farre from
thelwtti-Ilof tlieir f<ioteuien, whomo they had left naked, and
the lield <>p<-n npon them : he did not make towardea Oteni
to titay ttiein, nor did strive to stop them that they nhould
not follow tho&e that fled, but suffered them to take tlteir
course. And when he saw that they were gone a good way
from their footemcn, I»c ma*ie his men marche apon the
Lacedemonians, whose sides wore naked, having no horsemen
to card them : and so did set upon them on the one side,
and rannc so hastely on them to winne one of their flaneka,
that he made tliein flie, and xlue withall a great number
of them. For it i» naid, there wen- foure tliousand Lace-
fid
PH1L0>
PCBUra4
Pfailopcenen
IDHtle vrnrrcw
witli MncliB-
□idrtH tyrnn of
BntUllfougbt
bVtWBIM
llliloMUMD
Mid MKlha-
uitU*.
PHILO-
PffiMEN
Philupuiineii
Machaiildas
•miy.lyriinof
Ui* Laced »-
raoniaiia.
Phil(i|ii>tmi!D
tiae Maclia-
uldati.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
diemonians slaioe in the field, bicause tbcy had do ninti to
leade them : and moreover, they say they did not looke to
fiffht, but 8U|}poscd rather they had woimi- Uie (icidc, when
tiiey saw Miuhiuiidas cliasiti^ «tii those upon tht" »punv,
whom he had overthrowen. After thi.t, PhiloiHtmcii rt-tyretl
to mete Miichuriiiliw, who e^uiie buckc from the chase with
his stnumKers. But by chaunce there was a rrcat broade
ditch Ix'twcne them, so at botli of tlieiii rode upon the
buiiektsi Hides of Die same, a great while together, one
Xhist an other of them : thone side seking some convenient
:c to get over and Hie, and the other side seking nicaues
to kepe them from starting away. So, to see the one before
the other in this sorte, it appeared as they had bene wild
beaste« brought to an extreamity, to defend tJicm sclvfjt by
force, fn>ni so fierce a hunter as Philopoemcn wok. But
wbilest they were striving thus, tlic tyran* horse that was
lusty and t'()n^rioiis, and fell the fiiree of lii» mn-ilers spurrea
pricKing in his ^ideit, tliat tlu- blood followed afUr, did venter
to lenne the ditche, coniminge to (he banckex side, stoode
apon nis hindemost legges, and advaunced forward with his
foremost feete, to reach to the other side. Then Simmias
and Polyienus, who were about Fhilopcemcn when he fought,
ran thither straight to kepe him in with their Iwre staves
that he whoidd not leape the ditehe. Itiit Philoptrnicn who
was there befon- them, pereciving that the tyraii* horse by
lifting tip hiK hetul so high, did cover all his maisters body :
fonwokv by and by his norsc, and tooke [us speure in both
hit htinds, and thrust at the tyroii witli so good a will, that
he stue him in the diteh. In memory whereof, the Achiuatut
that did highly e.tteeine tliis valliiuil aele of his, and hia
wisedome also in leadinge of the Imttell: did set up hU
image in brassc, in the temple of Apollo iu Delphca, in the
forme he slue the tyran. 'i'hey say, that at the assembly of
tlic common games called Nemea, (which they solemnise in
honor uf Hcreules, not farro from the citie of Argos)and not
long lifter he had womic this battell of Manttnea, being
inaile Generall the secondc time of the tribe of the Aehiiians,
and heinpf at gimil hvisurc also by reason of the feast ; he
first siiewed all the Grecdans thdt were come thither to sec
60
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
the gamca rik) piutimes, his aroiy mungiitg in order of bnttvll,
aud niiulc thcin see how eosilj they iviiiuvfd tht^r pliicvs
cvury "iiv, iLs iii-t.'esxity and occasion of %lit ruquirvd, with-
out 'truiif]]t:ige or untfoundinge tlieir ranckia, and th&t wiUi
a marvelous force aiid rcdines. When he liad doii« thi».
he went into the 1'beater to heare the muaitians play, and
idag to their inHtrunientes, nho should irione the I>eat game,
being accompanied with lusty young gentlemen apparrelled
in purple clokcs, and in xkarlct coattr^ luid ntfsockcs tncv ware
apon their armor, being iilt in i\iv flowi-r of their youth,
and well given and di»|K>»cd : who did gR-ntly honor and
revercDcc Uteir C-uptjiiiie, and bvxidi-^ titat, shewed them-
sclvcH inwardly of noble harte't, being inoornced by many
ootablr baltellM tliey had fought, in whirh they hiul cvcr
fttteined tlie victory, and gotten the upjKT hand of their
cncniiciii. And by chaunce, ai tliey were ciitred into tlie
Tlwater, Pyladfj> the mu^itian, ainginge certaitie poenies of
Timotheus, ealled the Perses, fell into these verses :
O (Jr«ekei, it is oven be, which yuur proniwrity
Uulb gireti to f uu : and therewithal] a nublc liberty.
W^^cn lie had sweetely song out alowde these noble verws,
pwstnsly well made : the whole assembly of the Greccians in
the Tneater, that were gathered thither to sec the gainea,
cast all their eyes straight utwn Philopccmen, and clapped
their handcs one to an other for joy, bicausc of the great
hope tbey had in him, tliat through him they shoulde
soonc n-eovrr their auncicnt rc-putfictr>n, niid so imagined
they |ins!w»ed alreafiy the noble and worthy niindi« of their
aiuicvsters. And tu yoimgc hor»e that doc alwayes looke to
be ridden by their onlinarie riders, if any stniungcr get up
on thcnr bockca, do straight waxe stratmge to lie haiiddca,
and make great a do: even so, when the Achaianit aunc
to any daungerous battell, their hartes were even done, if
tliey hail any other Gencrall or leader then Philopcenien, on
whom still they det>etKiedaiidlix>ked. ^\jid when they sawe
him ever, the whole army rejoyced, and desired straight to
be at it, they hud such confidence in his valliuitnesse and
g« ■»d fortune: and truciy not without cause. For of aU
61
PHILO-
POEM EN
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
i'lEII/)- men, tbeir enemies did feare him most, luid Annt not
I'tEMEN" staiide before him: bicautie they were afrayed to heare his
name only, as it seemed by their doings. For Philip kingc
of Maceaon, imagining tnat if he could Hade meanes to
dispatche Philopcpmeo out of the way, howsoever it were,
the Achaians would straieht take part*- againe with him :
sent men secretly into trie city of Argos, to kill him by
treason. Howbcit the practise was discovered, and the king
wcr after was mortiilly luitcd of all the Greeciaiis generally,
■nd taken fnr a cowardly iind wicked Prince. It fortimcd
one (lay when the Hoeotians iayed siege to the city of
Megam, and thought certainly ttt Imvo wonne it at tJie fir»t
a<4ault : there rose a rumor sodaiiiely amongt^t tlieiii, that
Philopcemen came to aide Uie city, and was not farre from it
with nia army. But it was a false reporte. Not withstand*
ingo, the Boeotians were so scared, that for feare they left
their scaling ladders behindc them, which they had set
against the walls to have scalctl the towne, and fled straight
to save thcni selves. An other time, when Nabis the tyran
of LEieixIfrmon, that sncecctk-d Machnnidnx, had taken the
city of Mi'SNirin iJp|K>n the sodniiie : Fhilo(Heineu Wing then
a private man, and hiiviiige no cluirgi- of Konldieni, wnit unto
Lysippiis, GentTRl of the Achaians that yen-, to jKTSwadc
him tfiJit he would send present aide «nto them of Messina.
LyKip]>a>( told him, it was to late now to goe tliither, and
that it was but a lost towne, not to be holpen: considering
the enemies were in it already, Philopojmen perceiving he
could not procure him to go, went thither him selfe wjth
the force of Messina ooly, not staying for the nssembly of
the Megalopolitans, that were in coiinscll about it, to give
him commissioti by voyces of the people to take them with
him : but they all willingly followi-d him, as if he had bene
their continiiiill GeiK-nill, wul (lie nu«i that by nature was
worthiest of nil other Ut coinmaumle them. Now when he
aune neere unto Me.-'Siiia, Nabis henririge of his comminge,
durst not lary him, though he had his army within the city,
Nsbis fleeth hut sttile nut at an other gate, and marcheiii away in all t£c
PUl«p<Bm«ti. liasl he could, thinking him selfe a happy man and he could
so i-s»i|K- his handes, and retyre with .safe^, as in dede he
62
He onely
UAnieofPhilu-
pu-iiii>u iiiiule
tlie Bu^uUaiis
flee for feare.
Nftbis tyrsn ol
Luedwmon,
wanoe the city
of Measlns.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
did, Aiid thus waii Messina, by hia meanes, delivered froni
csptiTity. All that we have written hitherto ooncemiiie
PbilopcBinen, falleth out doutlessc to his rreat honor and
glory : but afterwardes he was greatly Jisjiraised for a
jorney he made into Cncta, at the retjucst of the Gor-
tj'niatia, who «nt to pray him to be their Captainc, being
sorr troublcx! with wurrvs at that timo. Biuiukc Philo-
Snncn went thiii to sitvo tht Gurtynians, when the tymniic
nbis had grciiU-jst warrvs with Uic Megnliipulitaiis, in their
owm- contry : thvy laid it to Im cliarjj«, either that he did it
to flic Uie warns, or else that he sought honor out of «en«on
witli forviite nations, when his noore citlKiMis the Megalo-
{iolitaiis were m such distresie, that their coiitry l>eiit)f lost
and deatroyed, they werv driven to keope tliem within tlieir
city, and to sow all their voide groundes and streetea in
the same with conie, to susteine tliem withall, when tlteir
enemies were encamped almost hard at their towne gates.
And the rather, bicausc him selfe making warres witn the
Cretans, and sen-ing straungeni bcyonde the sea in the
meane time, gave his enemyc!* occasion to slitunder him
that he fled, that he would not tajy to light for defenec
of h>« cwntrj'. Agaiiie, tliert- wt-n* that Miyd, hicauso the
Acliainns did choow otlwr for their Genemll, that he being
a private man and without diarge, was Uie rather contiaitcd
to be Genendl of tlie (iortyiiiano, who had inarvelousty
intrvated him to take the charge : for he was a man that
coulde not abide to live idlely, and that desired specially above
all things to serve continually in the waiTes, and to put in
mactisc his skil and discipUnc in the leading of an army.
The wordcs he spake one day of king Ptolomie doth witnessc
as much. For when tlH're were some that praised king
Ptolomie highly, saying that he trained his army well,
and that he tttJII continued his [>er»one in exercise of
nnncv: It ui not eommemUble for a king («ayd he) of his
veare*, to delite in training*^ his men to exercise armtv,
but to doe stime ai-t« him M:\ie in pei^one. Well, in the
ende, tlie Mi^^opolitaiu tooke his ahscence in such evill
parte, that they thought it a pcece of treason, and would
needes have banished nim, and put him from the frcedomc
6S
PHJLO.
PffiMEN
rhlloporrmni
ddivored
the dty ■>f
MwHtufram
NabuiUi«
tyma of Liic»-
dlDRIOIt.
P}iilop<B-
mcDM
Mcoude
joiTn«)-into
Cretsdbooai-
nieiid«d.
PHILO-
PffiMEN
Pluloptsmon
made divcne
citieo to rebel)
against the
Acbalaiift.
The Crirtan*,
pulilicki) men
of wsrre.
Phil upir men
nuide Gene-
rail of the
Achftiane
ngitinRt Nnbi*.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
of the citie : had not the Achaians sent their Gcnerall Arist»-
netiis unto them, who would not suffer the sentence of
btinishmcnt to pai>sc sgainst him, although otherwise there
vras ever contention bt-twene them n1x>ut matters of the
common wealth. Afterwjircis, I'hitouirmeii jicrccivinf; his
contrymen made no mure aucompl of him, to spif^ht them
withful, he mndi' divci-se niiiuII villugcs luid cities n-bt-li
Against them, and tAuglit them to say, and to give it out,
that Uiey were not th«-ir sutijoctK, neither payed them tribute
fron] t)ie bi-giiiiiine : aiid he made them atande to it openlv,
and maintaine tlieir soilitioii a^inst the city of Mcgabpolis,
before the councell of the Achaians, ITiesc things iiappened
shortly after. But whilest he made warres in Creta lor ihe
Gortjnians he shewed not himself a Pelojwmiesian, nor "ilte
A man borne in Arciulia, to make pimncnnd open warruc 'ut
he hmi learned the miuier of the Oretans, to iiitc their o- ne
policii-a, fine ilrvi.'ws, and lunbu.-du^ against them selves.
And nimle them know also, that all their emft't, were but
ehildish snortw as it were: in respect of those that were de-
vised, ana put in execution, by a wise experienced Caiitaine,
and skilful] to fight a battcIL So, Philopccinen having
wonne great fame by his octcs done in Creta, returned
nfainc to Peloponnesus, where he founde, that Philip kingc
of Macedon hiid bene overcome in battel!, by Titui Qiiintius
Flaminius: and that theAihaian»joynin;>;wiHi Uic Honioines,
did make warre agninsl the tyran Nnliis, ngaiii.it whiinu- he
was niiuic Gent-rail iminediatly U|K)n his n-tunie, and gave
him Imttell by sea. In the which it «eemed he fell into like
misfortune, as Kpaniinondas did: the event of this battell
fallinge out mucn worse with him, then was looked for, in
respect of his former corage and vail ion tnesse. But as for
Kpaniinondas, some say he returned willingly out of Asia,
and the lies, without any cxulovle done, bicause he would
not have his contrymen fleshed with suoyle by sea, as fearing
leojit of valliant souldiern by Iftiide, Uiey would by litie and
litle (as Plato sayd) bwume dissolute mariners by »ea. Rut
Phi I o] Kern en contrariwise, presuming upon tlie skill he had
to set the Imttell in goixi order by landc, woulde needes take
uppon him to do the same by sea. But he was taught to
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Kb oo*t to knon'c what exercise and experience ment, and
howe stroii^c it moketh tiictn that nrc prttctiM.-d in thinrcs.
For he Icwt not oiivly the hitttell by itea, bt-inf;^ unskilfuU
of that aenioe : but be oommittc'd bvsi(Ic« a Towler enx>ur.
For that h« caused an old xhippe to be ri|;gcd, which luid
bene very goo<i <if wr^iw ht^fore, but not occupied in forty
jreares together, and iinbarki-d \m contr\'mt-ii into t)ie xunic,
which were all likely to peri^Ji, bicau.-M^ the ithippe had diverae
leakefi, by fault of p>od calkins;. 'I'his overtlirow made hix
eneiniea despiac hira utterly, who penwaded them selves he
was fled for altoKether,andnJad given them sea roome : where-
upon thev laycasiege to the citie of Gythiitm. PhilopcEmen
binngc aavcrtiscd thereof, imbarkcd his men sodniuely, and
set upon his cnctnira ere they wi«t it, or had any thought of
his comming : and founde them stru^ling up and downc,
without watch or garde, by reason of the victory they had
lately wonnc. So ne landed his men closely by night, and
went and set fyrc uMmn his enemies cainpc, rihI burnt it
every wbitte: and in uu* fmre ai>d burly burly, hIuc u great
numner of tlii-ni. Shortily aflei- this stealing a|>on them,
the tyntn Nabis also ntoie ajxin him agiune unwares, as he
was to goe through a nianeloui ill and daungerou* way.
Wliich made tlie A<;haianfl amazed at the ftret, thinkinge
it unpoA.iible for them that they could ever scape that
daunger, considering their enemies kept all th« waycs there-
abouts. But Philopcemcn bethinking him selfe, and con-
sidering the nature and scituacion of the plaee : after he
bad viewed it welt, he shewed them ]}lainly then, that the
chiefrat {mint of a good soiddier, and mtui nf wtirre, was to
know how to put an anny in batti'll, nccordince to the time
and scituacion of the phice. For he did but lUter the fomte
of hiK liuttell a tit le, aitd sorted it according to the scituacion
of tlie j>Ihcx-, wheivtn he wiw comiMi.ti<i-d : and by doingr this
without troulili^ or huKines, he tooke away all feare nf datuiger,
and gave a charge upon his etK-niieii in such fierce wi.ie, that
in a Miorte time ne put them all to Hight Ajid when he per-
ceived tliat they did not Hie all in troupes together towardes
the city, but scatteringwise, abroade in the beldcs in every
place : he cau§cd the tronipet to sound the retrcatc. Then
8:1 65
PHILO-
PCEMEN
PhilofHiniieu
ovurcunie lif
sea.
Nabtebedif
dththseltr
of Gjrthluia,
Ph!Iopa-inen
overcame
Nsbis,t)'raHof
[jicedipinnn,
in battell.
Fmw-
P(£MEN
Titui Quin-
tius I'tniuth
PliiluptEincii.
Nabia daine
by llie
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
he commaundcd the ciiaac to be followetl no further, for that
all the contry thereabout tras full of thicke woddes and
grovics, rerv Ul for horsemen : and JiUo bieaiue there were
iimny brookes, vallics. iiDd cguavemyres which tlicy should
passu over, he iiic)un])vd him wife )ir<-wntJy, bvinj^ yet bnxulc
aa.y. And ho, fe*mns\- leiut hix viieii)ieH w-oidd in the night
time draw unto the city, one after an other, and by couple*:
he sent a great number of Achaiana, and laid them in ambush
amongest the brookes and hilles neere about it, which made
great slaughter of Nabia souldiers, bicause they came not
altogether in troupes, but scatteringly one after an other
as they fled, one here, an other there, and so fell into their
enemies hondes as birdoN into the fowlm net. Tliese acts
made Fhilopwinen sirigLilarly Iteloved of tlie Greecians, and
tliey did him greitt lionor in all their Theiitcrs and common
UKwmbli&s. Wherc«t Tilu* Quintius FlaminiuM, of natuiv
vety tunbitiouH, and oovetoun of honor: did much repine,
and wait enviouH at the matter, thinking tliat a Comiil of
Home lihould have place and honor ajnongest the Achaian-i,
before a meane gentleman of Arcadia. And he imagined he
had deserved better of all Greece, then Philupcemen had :
considering, howe by the onely proclamation of an heraulde,
be had restored Greece n^ne to her amicient liberty, which
before his coramingi' v/ns subject imto kingt^' I^Iip, and unto
the MttceduniiuiK. ^Vftenvardes, Titu.t Qiiintius made peace
with the tynui Nabis. Nahix wa-t ^hl^rte!y after very traiter-
ou.ily itiaine by tlie ^toliaii«. Whereiip})oii the citie of
Sparta grew to a tumult, and PhilojKemeJi Ktraiglit taking
the occasion, went thither with his army, and handeled the
matter ao wisely : that partely for love, and partely by
force, he wanne the city, and joyncd it unto the bibe of the
Achaians. So was he maneluusly commended and esteemed
of the Achaians for this notable victory, to have womie their
tribe and communalty m> fiiimms n city, and of so great esti-
macioii. For the city <if Siiiirln win no smide encreaae of
their power, and heinj; joyiied «.i a nii^inlwr of Achaia.
Moreover he wan by thin meaner, the love and good will of
all the honest men of Lacediemon, of tJie liopc they liad to
finde him a protector and defender of tlidr liberty. Wliere-
66
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
fiwc, when the tvnui Nobw Imusv whI goodes were solde, as
forfittcd to the state : thejp rcMrlved in their eutin.sell to make
him a pre»ei]t of the m*mej theruf, whieh atiiouiited to the
Mimrae of »ixe score taleiits, aitd sent AnilKkssadors punxMely
unto him, to offer it him. 'I'hen PhiloptxioeD shewed him-
«dfe pUinelv to be no counterfeate honest man, but a good
nua 111 dcvJc. For Rrst of all, Lbcre was not onv of nil the
Lacedmnoiiians that durst pn^ume to oHi-r him this monev,
but every mrui was afraytd to tell him of it : mikI cvi-rv boJy
that vraN uppointnl to do it. made M>mv excuse or utliiT for
them selvM. Nutu-ithstundiii)*v, in tlie vndc t)>CY nwdc one
llmolaus to bike the matti-r uixin him, who was hix familiar
frend, and aUo ]m hint*'. And yet the ^wme TimolauA when
be came unto .Mei^i|Kilt!i, and wa» lodged and entertained
in I'hilopietnenen house, did so much n^verenoe him for bu
wise talke and eoiiver»ation, for hiit moderate diet, and just
dealing with all men : that he bawe there was no likely possi-
bility to corrupt him with money, so as he durat not once
(»pen his moutn to spcake to him of the preseiit he had
brought him, but founde sorh* other ocnuioti to excuse the
cauM of his conimiiigr unto bim. ^Vnd bciiigv sent unto
bira againe the si-cond time, lie did even as much ax at
tlie fir»t time. And making a third proofe, he ventured at
the laat to o[ien tlw ntattcr unto him, and told liim tlie
good will the city of Sparta did beare him. Fliilopcemen
became a glad man to beare it : and when lie had beard
all be had to aay to bim, he went him »elfe unto the citie
of Sparta. There be declared unto the counsell, that it was
not noncst men, and their good frends, they ijiould secke
to winne and corrupt with money, conatdcring they might
aMnmaund their vertue upon any occasion, witliout eo«t
unto them : but that they should secke to bribe naughty
men with money, and such as by seditious oratioDK in
CDUtuell did mutine, aud put a whole citic in uprun*: to
tbe ende tliat lutving their moutiu'^ »t(>p{N.-d with giftcsi
tbey itbould trouble tliem the l<9»e in tiie uomiuon wealth.
For, said he, it is more necesKarie to stoppe your enemies
moutbra, and to itowe up their Uppea from liberde of
speaking : then it i» to keepe your frendee from it So
PBILO.
KEMEN
Ptiilopflnaenl
free from
caTetooHiM,,
Phllofof
nt«nM VIM
countell to
dKinouuui*,
home Uiey
■hotild hi-
■tor« tbetr
girtM
I'HILO-
PffiMKN
will T. Qiiin-
tiua Flnjniiiiu*
(l<i iiivadi:
LoceclK-
monio.
PUtopoB-
mene* noblv
Philflpw-
mntiec cnidty
to the
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
noble II moil wiu Pliilopa'iueii agninst all covetousncsse
ntuiivy. S)iurti.'ly ttfler, tlie LacetUemonians begiiming to
stiiTC Bgiiint', UiopiiAiifs (wln» was tlicii General of tlic
Acbaiaiis) iK^iiige lulvertiMt'd of it, bi-ganne to prepare to
punish them. The l-acedienKinians on the other side pre-
paringe for the warre», did set all the contry of PetopcMi-
ne>u8 in armes. Hereupon Philoptemeii sought to pnciRc
Diophanca a«ger, declaring unto him, that king Aiitiochux,
ami thf Koinaincs, being at warres together at that pitstnl
time, and thty both hftving puisant armira one iigainiit an
other in the middest of Greece: it was uieete for a g^ood
General! and wise governor, to have an eye to tlidr doingH,
to be cjin-full of the saute, and to beware that he did not
trouble or alter any thinfp' within his eontry at that instant,
but then ratliiT to thwrtiiblc it, and not tu swine to heare
any fault whatsoever ttii-y diiJ. Dioplianes would not be
[)erswaded, but entred tlie territoriM of Lacedieiiion with a
great army, and 'I^tus Quinl.iits Flaminitis with him: and
they together marched directly towardes the city of Sparta.
I'hilopfcmen waa so niaclde witJi their doing-t, that he tookf
apon liim an enterprise not very lawfutl, nor altogether jiust:
neverthejesse, hi); attempt proceeded of a noble minde, and
great eiiriigi-. For he got into the dtie of Sparta, and beingv
but B priviite perwnc, Kept out the General of the Aeluiana,
and the Conoid) of the Itomaines for entring the citv:
and when he hud ixicifiitl all troubles and seditions in tne
(tame, he delivenxl it tip iigrune as it was bi-fort-, into the
handea of the comniunaitie of the Aehaians. Nevi-rthel«»e,
him selfe being afterwardm Genenill of the Aehaians, did
compell the Lacedemonians to n.-CKive those home againe
whom they had bani^ed for ecrtaine faultv*, and did put
foure score natural) borne cititwiis of Sparta unto death, as
Polybius wryteth. Or three tiundred and fifty, as Aristo-
emtes an otlier historiographer reciteth. l"hen he pulled
<lowiie the walles of the city,and rased them to the groundc,
and totike ftw»iy the most parte of their territories, and gave
them to the MegalojMlitans. All those whome the tvrrumes
had made free dt-nizeiis of Sparta, he compelled them to
departe the contry of Luccuannon, and forced diem to
6S
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
dwell in Achaia, three thousand only excepted, who would
not obey hia commauitdenieiit : all those he solde for slaves,
and with the money he made of them Ito spight them the
mote) he built a goodly faycr walkc within tJie citie of
Meg;alt]K>IiB. Yet furthermore, to do the l.acedfemonians
all the nitschicfc he coulde, and as it wltc, to treade them
under the feete in their nuiNt grievous miserv : he did a. most
crucll anil luijust arte towardv them, (or he compelletl
them tu leave the tii.'scipliDe luid miiner of education of their
children, wlilvh Lyciirgiis luul of otdv time institnted : and
mndv them to follow tJiv maner the Aehoiuu used, in liew
of their olde grciunded eontry custoim-, bicAUseihv mne thi-y
would never be humble minded, xo Ion;; as Uii-y ke))t
Lycui^[Ui order and institudiiu. 'IliiLt wi-n- they driven to
put t)te beades in the eholler, by the niiHembie mJNhapjie titat
uefell them : and in all de!ipight> to suffer Fhiloptemen in thi.t
maner to cut a tiunder (a.^ it were) tlie Ktnewea of their
common wealth. But aiftcrwardes tliey made sute to the
Romaines, that the>- might be suflercd to enjoy their
auncicnt discipline againe, which being grauntcd tnem, they
straight left the maner of the Achaians, and did set up
againe as much as nils [Mssible (after so great niiserie and
comipti<m of tticir manei«) their olde auncient customes and
orden of their eontry. Now about the time the warres
b^annc in Grcea-, l>elwene the RomuincK and king Antio-
chus, I^tilo|Mfinen was then a private man, and without any
authority. He seeinee that knigi- Aiiti<>chu« lay sllll in the
citie of C'halcis, and (lid nothing but ft-i\Nt and love, and liad
maried a younge maide farre unmeete for hi.i yere*: and [ler-
ceiving that hia liiyrian souldiers wandered up and dowDc the
townes in great disorder, playing many tewde ]iarte« without
niide of Captaines : he was very aorr he waa not at that
bme Generall of the AehaiBiu, and tolde the Koniaines, that
he envied Uuir mtory, having warres with enemies tliat
were i«> wuiily to be overcome. For (sayd he) if fortune
favored mc tliat 1 were Generall of the Acnaiaos at this pre*
aent, I woulde have killed them every man in the cellen and
Uppling houMM. Now when the Komaincs had overconte
Ajit)Oc£us, they begoiinc to have- surer foutiug in Greece :
W
PHILO-
IfEMEN
Ptiliepwmeu
8psrUns for- 1
uke Lycur-
^1 taw.
Anti<Kbn>
iMilace and
mariaKe at
CWcto.
Philopw-
iHEnLi coiin- 1
itell a^ost
UieR^maine
I'lItLO-
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
and to coiDiMsNc in the Acliuiiuu of nil siili-s, aiid sjwviAlIy,
bv reason tlio )ii;Ad» and guvi-rntin of th« ciUes about theiu
dtd yeelde t» the Koinaiiiot, to winnc tJifir favor. And now
thtir preatnesse grewe in ha.«t, hy tlic fa*'or of the guddes,
80 as they were become tlie inonarche of the whole worlae, who
brought them nowe to the cnde Uiat fortune had detcr-
uiinul. Philoptemen in themeaiie time did like a good pylot,
bare hard against the billoues and roughnesse of their
naves : and iliough for the time he was forced to give place,
and to k-t things ijossc, yet for all that he was against the
RomaiiieK, and did witliKtaiide them in the most iMirte of
their prowodingcs, by seeking ever to dcf<-iid Ihi: liiK-rty of
thot*e, who by their cloiitii.'iK'i' :uiil iviOl dning cariiii great
authority among Uie Aeliainiis. And when An!>t»;iietus
Megalo] toll tan, (a man of great autltority among the
Achaions, and one tliat ever bare great devotion to tlie
ItomaineH) 8ayd in open Senate among the Achaians, that
they should deny the Uomaines nothmgc, nor shew them
selves unthankefuU to tliem: I'hilopa;men hearing what he
savd, held his peace a while, and suiTered him to speake
(though it Iwylcd in his hart, he was so angry with him)
and in the enile, breaking all iMidencc, and &» one ovcroomc
with eholler, he sayd ; O Ansbt-netuK, why have you such
hut to see till- unfortunate ende of Grccee? Aii otncr time,
when Maniun, ('onxull of Home (after he liad iiimiuereil king
Antiochtis) did make rei|ueiit to the counsi-ll of the Achaians,
that Kuch as were banished from Lacod»mon, might retume
home into their conti-y againe, an<i thut Titus Quintiua
Klaminius also did earnestly intreatc them : l*hilo]Hemen
was against it, not from any hatred he bojv unto the
linnished men, but bteause he would have done it by his
owne meone, and the uiily gmce of the Achaioits, to the
cnde they »liuld not Ix.' ueliuliling for w good n tunie,
neither unto Titus, nor yt-t to the Itomaine.'t. Aflerwardwt
he him selfe, l>eing Geneiall of the Achaiaiut, did restore
them wholly to their owne againe. Thus was Philopnnnen
wjmtinie, a litle to bolde and quarrellous, by reason of his
great stomake : and specially when any man of authority
mught for to have Uiinges. oistelv, bcuge three score and
70
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
tcnne yearea of age, hv was the eight time c)io»en GeDernll
of the Achaian-s aiitl hopt^ well, not only to paj»e tite yeare
of his chaiw in peace aiid ([uietnes, hut also all the r^ of
hia life witJiout any sturre of new warres, he saw the affaires
of Greece take so good successe. For like as the force and
strcnelli of stckcncs dwlineth, as the natural strcnf^ of
the sickcly body cDipairrth : so through all the cities and
people iif Grcew-, envy of uutim.41 and warrv* surdcascd, as
their |>owi-r diinini»lK-d. Neverthclcssc, in the end of hJn
vcarra frovcniiueiit, thv ^dik-M divine- (who jiutly punish all
in«olv»t worde* and dc^Hlfa) tiircw hiin to the i{n>u»(lv, ««
tbey HifTi^ a ryder unfortunatel v to take a Call of hix hone,
bdoge oonie almost to the enoe of his cariere. For tb^
wryte, Uiat he Iteinge in a place on a time aniongeat gooa
compaiiie, where one was niarvelously praised for a good
Captaine, saved unto them : Why, masters, can ye conimende
him that was contented to be tiken prisoner alive of his
eoemies ? Shortely after came ncwcs that Dinocratcs Mes-
Beniua (a private enemy of i*lulo]}ocmencs for ccrtaine contro-
versies past betwvnv them, tuid a miui generally hated
besidiw, of all hoiKinible iind vertuons men, for hU licentious
wickul life) liiul uitli(imwen the city of Mc»isinn from tiic
devotiuii of tln^ Achaians : and moreiiver that he conic with
an anny to take a towne called ('olonidc. l*hilo)Meuien wa«
nt tJiat time in the city of Arm», sicke of an agew, and yet
hearing these newes, tookc his jomey toward Megalipoliii,
iiiakine al the hast he could jiussihle, so that he came above
fiiure nundred furlongs that day. Straight he departed
thence tow.tril Messina, luid t&ricd not, but tooke witn him
a company of men at ariiKi« of the lustiest and wealthiest
MegalopoliUtus : witu wenr all young noble men of the city,
antTwiltin^y oRV-red them kvIvvs to gov with him for the
gotxlwill ttiey lian' luni,and for Uie di-Mix: tliey had to follow
hiK viUliiuitiK-H. Thus went they on their way towanls the
city of .Memina. and marched so longe, that tliey entnc^ nerv
unt«> U)e hill of I'ivander, where they met with Dinocmtea
and his coni^iany, and gave so fierce an onset on them, that
Ukev made them all tume taile: howbeit in the meane
whik, there came a reliefe of fire hundred men to Uinocratea,
71
PHILO-
(■(KSIEN
I'hilcijMPtupD
chmim thp
Bilfht time
Geiierall uf
the AcbHiaut
belu(( 70 yere
Philopn-
moniw jomcy
u^iist Uino*
rratn*.
Mons
Evsnder.
PITILO-
l-CKMKN
PUIop(»-
MwiMmb-
flHtUIM.
PhiloiXBRiOD
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
which he had left to kccpc tbo contry of Messina. TIic fly-
ing men that witr scatti'ivd hero and tlicn-, utring this
supply, giithi-ml thtni m-Ivc^ iigainc togi-thvr, niid «licw«l
Upon thv hillif. I'liilupa-iuvn fuiringc tu be ciivironncd, tuid
baing detiroiu to brin^ his men cafe hoD>e agalne, who ino«t
of love had followed him : beeannc to mitrdie au-ay through^
iiArrow bushy placet, him ^elfe bi'ing in the rereword, and]
tuniMl often times upon hit) enemies, and skinniiJied witht
theni, oiielj' tu drive them au-ay from foltowinge of the rest of!
liitt company, aiid nut a man that durst once ai?t apon him : for
tJiey did but cry out aloofe, and wheele as it nere about him.
Howebeit Philopoimen sundry times venturinge &rre ftxnn
his company, to geve tiiese young noble men Icasure to save
them selves one after an otlier : tooke no heeile to Mm sclfe
that he was alone, cn%nronncd on i-wry «de wilh a f^jit
number of cnnemie^ Notwith^ititndinge, of nil his iiienti*.**
tliere was not a man that durvt come to handv Ktrokvs with
him, but still sUnf^ng imd Mtooting at him a farrc uf, they
drave him in the «rnd amonge«t stony plaves betwcne hewcn
rockcM. wlirre he had much a doe to guide hix liorite, although
he had .-ipurred liim that Ito waH all uf a gore hltMxI. And bm\
for his age, timt did not lette him hut he might have naved'
him selfe, for he wai strong and lusty by the continuall
exercise he tooke: but by cursed happe, his body being
weake with sickenes, and weary with the long jome^' be had
made Uiat day, he foimde him sclfc very heavy and ill dis-
po:«^, that his horse stumbling with him, threwe htm to the
grounde. His fall was very great, atid brused all his head,
tJiat he lay for dead in the place a great while, and never
HturrtKl nor spake : so that his enemies thinkingi^ he hod bene
dead, came to tumv his body to stripijc him. But when
they saw him lift up liin head and open hi* eyes, then mnny
of them fell nil at once ajxiii him, and tooke him, and bomide
Iwth his hiuids Iwhinde him, and did all the villanv and
nuM-hii-fe they eoutd untu him, and nucIi, at one woultl litle
have thought Dinocrates would have used hi that sorte, or
that he could have had such an ill thought tnwardcs him.
So, they that taried l>eh)nde in the city of Messina, were
marvelous glad when they heard these newes, and ranne all
n
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
to Uw gfttc« of t)ie city to »oe him brought in. When th«y
HLw him thuR shamiffullv Ixiumli-, and ptnniom-d, against the
dignity of sto muiy hoiion aa he had received, and uf «o
many triuraptie» and victunej as he had passed: tlie most
parte of them wept for pitie, to consider tlie miahappe and
lU fortune of mona nature, where there ta ao litle certainety,
as in maner it is nothing. Then bcgannc there aome
curtt.'oas apeeche to ninne in the tnouthcs of tlic people by
litle and litlc, that they ahoiild n-mcmbcr tlie great good he
hod done unto them in times pa»U "nd tJie liberty he hod
restorad them unto, when he expnliM-d the tyraii Nabia out
of Mcssiaa. But there were oUier n^nv (howljeit very few)
that to pU-ANc Dinocrateit, sKved Uiey iJiould hang hini on ft
gibbet, and put hJni to deatJi us a daungeroui< enemy, and
that would never forgive man that had once ofli^iidi-d him :
and the rather, bicauae he would be more ten-ible to Uitio-
cratcs, then ever he was before, if be escaped hia hands,
receiving sucb open ahame by him. Ncvertheiee, in the end
thev caricd him into a certen dungeon under the ground,
colled the tresaury, {which had neither light nor ayer at alt
into it, nor dore, nor half dore, but a great stone rolled on
the nimith of the duri!|;eon) and fO they did let him downe
the mne, and h-top]K-d ttH- hole ugiiine with the Mtono, and
watched it with amiet) miii for to kee|>e him. Now when
thcae youn^re noble Achaian horaemen had fled uppon the
spurre a great way from the enemy, they rememhrcd them
selvea, ana looked round about for I'hilopnemen : and finding
him not in aight, they aup])oaed atraight he had bene alaiiie.
Tbcreuppon they stayed a great while, and called for him by
name, and perceiving be aunawered not, they bqcanne to say
among them aclves, they were bcaatca and cowaracs to flic in
that Gortc : and how they were dishonored for ever to have
fonaken their Captainc, to save tbvm»clvea, who had not
spared hiM owne life, to delivt^r tlieni from diuingcr. Here-
upon ryding on their way, and enquiring ^lill for him : tl>cy
were in Ihv end julviTliiuH] how he wa.> ta]<en. And then
they went and ntrietl those newea through all tlie townea and
cities of Achaia, which were very aory for him, and tooke it
as a signe of great ill fortune toward them. Wherupon they
s:e 78
PIIILO-
PtEMEN
PH1U>.
Pt£MKN
myioned by
DiuucrfeUH.
PhUofKv
iMDMlast
worda.
idMth.
Tba A«h«iuiB
did rovongt)
Philopon-
mutiiii dcAtii.
KnocntM
•luehtm aelfc
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
agreed Xo send Ambassadors forthwith to the M«>%-ni»n.s, to
demaunde him : and in the ntLtuic time ovcry mun should
prepare to armv thvm wlvtv, to go thither, And get him
either by force or love. When tlic AchaiauH hod tnaa aent,
Dinocrfttes fmrcd nothing so mticli, an that delay of time
might »avi' PhiU>[iita)ene< life: wherefore to prevent it, aa
soone as night unne, and that the people were at rest, he
straight caused the stone to tie rolled from tlic moutii of the
dungeon, and willed the hauginan to be let dowiic to Philo-
p<emen with a cuppe of poison to offer him, who waa com*
raaunded also not to goc from him, until! he had dronkc it
When the hangman was come downe, he found Philopa-mcn
laved on the grounds apon a litle clttkc, havingc- no lirt to
sUvpe, he was so gncvouxly troubled in his minde. Who
when he *awe light, and the man standing by him, holding a
cup[)e in hiK haiidc with this poUon, he aate upright upon
hiK cowch, howbeit with great paine he was so weake : and
taking the cuppe in hb tiande, aabed the hangman if he
heard any newes of the horsemen that came witii him, and
socially of Lycortas. The hangman made him answer,
tliat the maul of them were saved. Then he cast his handes
a litlc over his head, and looking merely on him he sayd : It
is well, seeing wc are not all unfortunate. Therewitli spejik-
ing no moe wordcs, nor makinge other a doe, he droucke up
air the poison, and laycd him downe as before. So nature
»lr»vc not nuieh witliall, his body being bnmght «o lowe,
and thtToiipon tlio poiNon wrought his effect, and rid him
straight out of hi^ {Miine. 'Hie newes of his death nui pre-
sently tJiroiigh all Achaia, which generally from high to low
was lamentetl. Whereupon all the Aehaian youth and coun-
sellors of their cities and townes, assembled them selves in
the city of Mt^alipolis, where they alt agreed without delay
to revenge his death. They made I.ycortas their Generall,
under whose conduct they invaded the Messenians, with force
and violence, piittinn;e all to the tire and sword : so as the
Mrwenians were so feared with this mercilcsse fiiry, thjit they
yelded them selves, and wholly consented to r«eeive the
Achaians into their city. But Uinocratcs would imt give
them Icasure to execute him by justice, for he killed Tiim
74
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
»elfc: ttnd to did all the rest make themselves away, who PHlW-
gnve advix^' Hint Phili>(i«nun shuuld lie put to deatli. But P<EMBN
those thiit would luivc had FhiloiKtiiieii tuiuged on a eibl>et,
Lj^rtos caused tlK-m to be talten, which afterwaras were
put to deatli with all kind of tortnenta. I'bat done, thej
burnt Fhi]op<pntenctt body, and did put his ashes into a poL PhilttpoB-
llien they Htraisht departed from Mfssina, not in disorder, ?*"•*„
one apon an otnera necke as every inan listed : but in such
an order and ray, that in the middcst of tin's*: fiinemlles they
did mtdce a tniimphc of victorie. Fur the souldicrs wvrc ail
crowned with earlandcs of lawrcll in token of victory, not-
witlMtnndiiig, uie tcarxw ranne downe tlieir chcekes in token
of sorowe, mkI tliey led their enemies prisunent, Htmeklnl and
chained. The fum-mll pot in the wliidi wi>r« I>hil«p<einenes
nbes, was wo covered with garlanded of flowers, noseeaics,
and laces, tliat it could scant be seene or di'^erued, ana waa
caried by one Polybius a young man, the sonne of Lyeortas,
that was General! at that time to the Achaians : about whom
there marched all the noblest and chiefest of the Ach&iaos,
and after them also followed all the souldiers armed, and
their horses very well fumislied. ITie rest, they were not to
soruwfull in their countenance, ns they are eoniuionly which
bare great cause of sorow : nor yet ko joyful, as thoM' that
CAme conijucrei^ from m grcttt a victory. TIioih; of tlie
eittca, towne«, and villaf^ in their way as they past, came
and presented them selves unto them, to touche tne funerall
Eot of his ashes, even as thev were wont to take him by the
Qjide, and to make much of him when he was relumed from
the warrt-T* : and did aeoom[mny his convoy unto the city of
Mcga)i|>olis. At the gates whereof, were oMe men, women,
and children, which thrustinge Ihcm selves amongest the
souldicTV, did renewe the teares, Korowcs, and lamentacions
of all the mi»erublv and imfortunatc city : who tooke it that
they hod Inst with their citix^n, the lir«t and chiefest place
of honor ttinoii^ the AcluUjms. So he was burie<l very
honorably as ap[H.Ttaiited unto him : and the other prisotiers
of Messina, were all stoned to death, about hu se))iilcnre. All
the other cities of Achaia, besides many other honora thev did
unto him, did set up statues, and as bkc to him, as could be
76
pimxi-
P(£MliN
NoUthn
humanity uf
the Kum^uei,
their «u«ini««
mouiunaota
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
countcrfcated, vVftcmards in the unfortunate time of
Greece, when the city of Conntbc was burnt and destroled
bv the Romaini-s, there wks a maliciouB Itomatnc that did
what he could to have the same pulled downe againe, by
btirdtfiiinir oiiil accusing Philopoi^meii (as if he had ben«
iilive) that he whs alwaies enemy to the RomaincM, aiid
envied much their pnwjierity and victoritit. But after
Fulyhiu!( had aunswercd him : neither the CohkuI Mummius,
nor hia coun.iellera, nor lieuteiiauiit*, would suffer tiiem to
deface and take away the honori tloiie in memory of so
famous and wort)iy a man, although he had many waies done
much hurt unto 'iituaf^uintiua Flaminiusond unto Manius.
So, these good men then made a difterence betwone duety
and profit: and did thinke honesty and profit two dJstinrt
things, and so separated one from the other, according to
reason and justice. Moreover thev were perswaded, tliat
like aa men receive curtcsie and goo^ncs of any, »o arc they
bound to requite them acaine, with kindencs and duety.
And Rii men use to iicknonledge the same: even ao
ought men to honor and reverence vertuc. And thus
much for the life of Dilloptemen.
TIIK SNDE OF nillXlKXMRNKS LIVE
THE LIFE OF
TITUS QUINTIUS FLAMINIUS
T is easie to see Tttus Quintius Flaminiux
forme, and stature, hy PhJlopcemcncs statuo
of hrassc, to uhiime we eompan him: the
which is now si.t iip[>e at Rome, ncere
to great Apollo that wax brought from
Carlhage, and tx pliu-ed right against the
ennnning in to the sh*>w place, under which
thcn^ is an inscription m Grccke letters.
But for his nature and conditions, they <av of him thus : he
76
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
wouM quickcly be anKTYS and vet vcrj' rcadv to pleasure m«n FLAMINIUS
agune. Fur, if be dicT piiniKd luiy mnn tnat hath iuigrr«d
hiin, he would do it gi'iitly. but his nngiT did not long con-
tincw with him. He did goitd nlm to mniiy, and t'vcr IovmI
thviii whufn Ik liod once pkasuruil, aut if tiwy liiut <lo»c him
•otne plcA/njre : and wa» ready to do for tbi^n ntill wlwni h«
founde tliankefull, bicauite he would ever niak<? thorn behold*
ing to him, and thuuffht that as honorable a thinge, as lie
'lid purchase to him Bclt'e, llicause he greatly sought
or above all thingcs, when any notable service was to
be done, he would do it him oolfv, and no man should tidtc
it out of his hftnd. He wuttld ever be ntthiT with thc-m that
needed his helpc, then with tho^e that could hdpe him, or do
hina good. For, the lirit he estL-vnii.tl im a nieaiie to exereiM^
hi* vvrtue wttll : the other, lie ttKike thini un hi* fellowis and
followers of honor with him. Hi- came to man.t state, when
tlie citie of Kome had greatest wam9> and trouble. At
that time all the youth of Rome, which were of age to cary
weapon, were sent to the warns to Icamc to traile the pykc,
and how to become good Captaines. Thus was he entrcd
into marsliuU aflair^^'K, and the first charge he tooke, was in
the warre (igttinvt Hminibcdl of Carthage, when- he was made
Colonell of a tltutLvwdv footcim-n, under Marcellii.s the con-
null : who being Klaine by nii ambush Hanniball luul laved
fbr bim betwcnc tJie cities of Bwtdai, and Venuita, then tliey
did choonc 'Pitas Quiiitiits Ftamiiiiua govcmur of the pro-
nnce and city of Tarentum, which was now taken againe
tlie scooiide time. In this govenimcnt of his, he waiine the
reputacioi) as much of a good and just man, as he did of an
pexpcrt and skilfull Cuptaine. By reason whereof, when the
rBomaines were retjuested to sent! men to inhabite the cities
of Namia aud Como, he wok ap|x>inted the cJiicfe leader of
th4<ni, which chicfely guvc him liort and conige to osjiire at
the first to the GmsuLihippe, )»a)«ing<- over afi other nieane
"BeeR, a» U> Ite vKdile, Trilitme, or Fnvtur, by which (aK by
jldeffrcca) other younge men were wont to attoino tlie (ron-
[«uUhinpe. 'ITioreforc when the time came tliat the Con.iulU
ahoula be elected, he did present him selfe amonge other,
accompanied with a great number of those he hadde brought
T7
TitiuQaio.
tiui firtt
charge ill
warre.
Degrewof
i>iHoMb«bre
n;i« came to
be CoDRuU.
T. Q. Flnmi-
dIiu, Seittuii
£]!ui Cuii-
RUUll.
T. Q. Flami-
uln* mnknth
wure with
Pbilip kin^ of
Macetlou.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
IMINIUS with him, to iiihabite the two newe townes, who did make
earnest sute for him. But the two 'IViljuiics Fulviua, and
MfuiHus, spake against him, and saved : it waa out of all
reason, that suyounce u tntui should in such manner prcase
to have tbv office of the hight'st dienitie, a^inst the use
Mid ca-<tom(.' of Rome, iK-fore he hodcle pas!>ed through thi-
inferior uUkvm of the eumnioii wmlth. Nevertlielesw, the
Scnatt? |n«ft-rn,-ii it wh<illy ti> the voyct* of the (K-iiple : who
prcaentlv i>ronounce<t him Con^tit!! o{M.-iily, witli Sexlius ;^niitt(,
although lie was not yet thirtie y^are oltit*. Atl^rwardeii,
J£lius and lie devidinge the olfioes of tiie utate by lott£ : it
fell apoo T. Quintius to make warre with Philip kinge of
Macodon. In the which me thinkcs fortune grtatly favored
the Itoinaiiies affaires, that made such a man Gcnerall of
these wum»: fur, to have jwtnted a Genenil! that by force
and violence woulde have »ought nil thliiges at the Miut-
donifuis handei*, timt were a [H-ople to be wonne rnthiT by
geiitleiic-wte and perawaKionis then by force imd compulxion :
It was all ngaintit tliem Helvci. Philip, to niaintAine tlie
bront of a battell against tlie Koinaines, hod power enough
of hifl owne in his realnie of Macetlon : hut to make waire
any long time, to furnish hini selfe with money and vittailes,
to have a place and eitii'S Ut retyn? unto, and lastly, to have
all other neei^ssarit% for his men and army : it stoode him
npon to get the force of Greece. And hud not the forcv
of Greece bene politlckely cut from him, the wurre« againitt
him had not lM>ne enditi with one l)attcll. Moreover, Greecu
(whicll never befon? \»uv the KomnineH miy great gocid will)
would not have delt theii so inwardly in frend.-Oiippe with
them, had not their (ienerall bene {as he was.) a gentle
perwine, lowly, and tractable, that waiine them more by
bis wisedome, then by his force, and could both eloquently
utter his minde to them, and curteously also hcare them
sprake, that had to doe with him, tuid chiefely, ministred
justice and cc]uity to every man a like. For it is not to
DC thought Umt Gn-ecc woiiUt otherwise »o soonc have with*
drawen them selviw from the nik- of those, with whnme they
were acqiuunt«d, and gorenMd : and have put them wives
under tiie rule of straungen, but tliat tiiey mw great justice
78
Titiu ettrtnie
•mime the
QrMciann
more then
hbferccL
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
and lenity in thein. Howbcit that may more plainly i^-
peoK^ by d<'<'lariii}; of liiit actcs. Titux waa informed, that
the Generally iK-fore liim itent to tli« warre in Maccdon (as
Sulpitiuft, and Publius lulius) used to come thither about
the later end of the yeaie, and made but cold warres, and
oertaine light skinni^'es, as sometime in one place, and some-
time in an other aEninst l^ilip, and all to takv some straite,
or to cut of rittclls : which he thought was not his way to
follow tht-ir cxanipU'. For tht-y taryiiig'at homi-, constiniixl
the most of thrir Consul 4iipj)f at Rome, in mattcre of govern-
ment, and so cnjuvi'd the honor of thi'ir office. Aflcrurardcs
in the end of their ycare, they would net out to the worrvs,
of intent to get an other yeare over their heade* in UieJr
offke, that spending one yere in their Consulship at home,
they might employ the other in the warrea abroade. But
Titus not minduig to trifle out the halfe of hiit Con.<!ulshippe
at Home, and the other abroade in ttio warres : did willit^rly
leave all his honors and dignities he might have enjoyed oy
his ofBce at Rome, and besought the Senate that they would
appoint his brother Lucius Quintius Lieutenant of their army
by sea. Furthcnnorr, he tookc with him selfe about three
tnousiuide oldc xouldiers of thoHc that had liret o\-erthrowen
Asdnibal in Spayuf, ai*ct Htuinihal nfli-rwardw in Africkc,
under the »)n(iti(rt of Scipiu, which yet wen- able to serve,
aim) were very willjnge to goe with him in this jomey, to be
the strength of his army. Witli this companie he |ias«ed
the aeaes without daunger, and landed in Kpinu, where he
found Publius lulius encamped with his army Ix'fim- kinpe
Philip, who of longc time had lien in campe aliout the
mouth of the river of Apsus, to kepo the straight and
pasMgc which i» the entry int«i Epinis. So that Publius
Itdiuii had lien still there, and done nothing, by reason of
the nuttirall force and hardm^ of the place. Then T^tus
tookc the army of him, and si-nt him to Komc Afterwards,
him sclfe went in persone to view and consider the nature
of tiie contrv, which was in this »orte. It i» u longc valley
walled on either side witlj great high moirntainrs, as those
which sliut in the valley of Terope in Thessalie. Howbcit
it had no such goodly woods, nor grene forrests, nor tiiyer
FLAMINII
T, O. Iwid.
inSpinu.
Apnui Ru.
tion of the
coutry of
Gpinia,
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
PLAMINIUS niedowes, nor other like places of ple&iure, as tlie other ode
had : but it was a gr*^t deepc marrUhe or quavemyre,
through the middest whereof the river called Apaus didi
runne, being in greatncs and swiAncs of strearae, very like'
to the river of Pcncus. The river did occupic all the ground
at the fectc of the mountaineii, saving a litlc way tliut wm
eut out uf the mftine rockc by nuuu hand, and A nnrrow
straight [wthe by the wat^-m sidt*, vory unIiiuid<*onie for a»
army to passe that way, tliougli tliuy found not « man to
keepe the passage. Thert were some in the army Uiat coun-
seUe<l Titus to tetche a great compasse about by the contry
of Daisaretide, and by the dty of L^ncua, where the contry
is i-ery ptainc, and the way marvelous casie. Howebeit he
stoode in great feore he should Iscke vitt«Us, if he stayed
farre from the sea, and haopcly if he felt into any barreil,
or leaoe contry, (Philip refusing the battel, and pur_ " _
to ftie) he should Ik- cvriNtrninul in tlie end to retiimc agwinSI
tovrnrdcs the sea, without doing any thing, tm hiK predccenoT
had don« before. Wherefore he detennined to crmae the
mountuiiws to xct uix>n liis ciienn-, oitd to prove if he could
winne the poiaage oy force. Now Philip kept the top of
tlie niountaines with hiK army, and when the Koniaines
forced to get up the hilles, they were received with dartes,
shngs, and shot, that lighted amongesl them here and there:
insomuch as the skirmish nas very hot for the time it lasted,
and manv were slavne and hurt on either aide. But this
was not tlie ende of the wurre. For in the mcnnc time there
came certuine ncatcheideK uf the contry unto Tittis (who did
use to kee[K; U-ustOH on these tii»untnini.-K) mid tolde him
tlicy could bring him a way which they kni-w tlic cnemiea
kept not : by tne which they promitted to guide his army
so, tliat in three daves at the furtliest, they would bringe
them on the top of the mountaine. And hicause they miglit
he assured that their wordes were true, they sayod they were
sent to him by Charopus, the sonnc of Machatas. This
Caropus was the chiefcst man of the Epirots, who loved the
Homaines vcrj" well, vet he fnvorvd thcni but under hand,
for fcore of Philip. Titat gave cntlit unto them, and so
sent one of his Cuptuincs with them, with fourc thousand
80
Chkropu*
(hUchalnii
iMtiue) Uie
chieJV null of
the Ejiirots.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
footemcn, und three htmdn?d horsemen. The heard men thut PLAMINIin
were their ^i(lt», wciit hrforc still, fast buundv: and the
Roniiiineit followt-il atiur. All the day time the army ruitcd
in thicke wwldvs, mid mArchitl rII niglit hy moone light,
which was then by good hnppc nt the ful. 'I^tus having
seat these in«n away, retted all tht; rest of his uunpc- : saving
that some daiee he entertayned them witli .-tome light »kir-
mishcs to occupy the enemy withall. But the same day,
when his men that fetched a oompasse about, shoulde come
unto th« top of the mountains above the campe of his
eneniics, he Drought all his snny out of the campc by
bnmke of day, and dinndod them into three troupes, wi^
the tim* of thi-m he hiraselfe went on that side of tlie river
when- th« way it stndghtent, making his band:< to march
directly against the wdc of the hil. The Miu'cd<miiuw
asaine, tJiey shot luxtely at then) from tlic height of the
hiU, and in oerten places amotigest thv rockea tltey came to
the swonte. At the selfe same time, tlie two other troupes
on either handc of hiro did their endevor likewise to get up
the hill, and ra it were envying one an oUier, thev climed
up with gri'dt corage against thu sharpc and stpepe naiigingr
uf the moLintuine. Whni the sunne was up, they might fw
a fiLTTC uf as it wen-, a certen smoke, not very bright at thv
heginning, much like to ttie nmtes we hoc commonlv rim'
from the tops of the mouiitaiiiett. llie enemies could see
nothing, bicauwe it was behiiule thcui, nnti that tlie ton of
the tnountaine was po«setsed tvith the !>aiiie. 'I'he Komaines,
though they were not assured of it, did hope being in the
midc^ of the light, that it van their fellowes they looked
for. But when uev saw it increased stil more, and more,
and in such sorte, that it darkened all the ayer : then they
did assure them selves it was ccrtainelv the token their men
did give them that they were come, llien they bt^puiiie to
crie out, clyminge up the hillx with such a Itsty corago, that
they dntve their enemiti* up the hill ittill, evwj untii the very
rough and tutrdt^ft places of the niountiune. Their fellowes
also that were behuid the enemies, did aunswer tlieui with
like [uwde crie* fW>m the top of the motmtaine: wberwith
the CDOUKs wife so astonied, that they fled presently apon it
T.g.pu«MaMi
the ttniffhU^
i>f the laoua-
laloe.
The.Ma«e-
doolsfls Am.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
AMINIL'S Nothwithstanding, there were not slame alwve two thousand
of them, bicause the hardiies and straiffhtnea of the pUcc
did so gard them, that they could not Be diased. But the
Romaincs spoilcti their campc, tooke all that tliey found
in their tents, tooke also their slaves, and nan the passiif^
into the mountiiiiies, by the which they entretl the coulry
of Kpims : und did pus»e through it so quietly, and with k>
grviti iibstineiice, thjit though they were farro from their «hip8
and the xeft, and laeked their urdiri&ry portion of conje wliich
they were wont to havf tiionthely.arid that vjtt*-lis were very
Hcant with them at Uw»t time, yel they never tooke any thing
of the contry, though they founde great stort- and plenty of
all riches in it. For Titus was advertised, that Fhiliu passing
hy Thewialie, and flying for feare, had cau.-ied the innanitants
of the cities to got them to the mountauies, and then to set
tin* on their houses, and to leave tho^e goodes they could not
cary away, by renson of the weight and unhandsome airiage
theruf, to the s|>oy]e of his souldier^ : and so (as it Kceniea)
he left tiie whiile wintry to the con(|U(^t of ihe RinUMnc*.
PhilJ|M flying
king of Alaco-
diMi.
T. g. n»ini-
tiiux mnde^ty,
fiirboarinK
■puyli!:iriiiino
him muuy
freudeii.
When^npjHin 'ntuK liM)king con.sidenitlv to hiw doings, gave
his men gn^t cliarge to pa.tse through thv eontrv witliout
doing any hurt or mischief, as the same wliidi tlieir encniicii
had now left to them as tlieir owiie. So they taried n4>t
long to enjoy tlie benefit of their orderly and wise forbear-
ing <»f the contry. For, so aoone as they were entred
Thessalie, the cities willingly yeelded them selves unto them:
wid the Grcceians inhabiting beyond the contry of Ther-
mopyies, did inarvduiuily desire to see Titus, asking no other
thing, but to ntit them selw* into his hands. The Achoioiu
aim) on the other Hide, did renounce the kttguc and alliance
they had nin^le with Piiili]i: and furlhemiore did detiTmine
in their counselt, to make warre with him on tlie Koniaiues
side. And although the yl'ltoiians were at that time freiides
and confederates with the Koniaines, and that they did shew
them selves very loving to take their parte in these warreit :
ncvcrthcles when they desired the Opuntians that they would
Eut their city into their hands, and wen? oflred that it should
c kept and defended from Philip: they would not barken
thcrto, but aent for Titus, and put them selves and their
est
I
4
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
sooda wholly into bis protection. They sfty, that when king FLAMINIUS
Pymis Cntt saw the Ronifuiies iirinv ranee iu order of buttol
mm the top of n hit), hi- said : Xfiis oraer of the bnrbaraus Pymi* uy-
pcople, setting of thi-ir men in battcll ray, wmt not done in '"K of tlM
a borbanHis miuter. And those dlso that never tuid secae ^r^^"^
l^tus before, an<l ctaiu: for to speake with him : were com-
ptlled in A mfuiner to Kay >u much. For where they had
hcanlc the Mnc^loniansi say, tlmt there came n CnutaiRe
of the tMfharotM people that (li?:>trtiyed all before hnn by
force of amies, and ^ubdueil whule contriea by violence:
tlier jtayd to the cwntrarTi tliat tliey found him a man, in
dede young of yeres, howbeit gentle, and curteous to looke
on, and that spake the Greeke tongue excellently wel, and
was a lover only of true glory. By reason wherof they re-
turned home Dlar^-elous glad, and filled all the cities and
townes of Greeee with goodwill towardcs him, and »ayd:
th«?y bad !u?ene TitiiN t)ie CAplaino, tluit would irstore tbcm
to their nimcient lilK'rtie ngaine. Then it much more ap-
peared, when Philip iilR-wcd him .-wife willing to have yKiuev,
and tluit Tittis alM> did ofler it him, and the frendshippe of
tlie fMiiplK iif Kiime, witli theae conditions: that he would
leave Uit- (in-t-ciann their whole lihcrtiea, and remore hia
garriftons out of their cities siid strong hokies : which Philip
refused U> do. And thereupon all (Iroece, and even those
which favoretl Philip, saycd with one voyce: that the Romainee
were not come to make warres with them, but n»ther with
the Macedonians in favor of the Gtvecians. ^Vherupon all
Greece came in, and oR'red them selves unto Titus without
compulsion. And as he |ia.v«ed through the eontry of Bceotia,
without aiiv Hhew nt al <if warren, the chicfnst men of the
cityofThelx^ wi-nl to mete him: who thougli they tookc
part with the kiug of Macedon, bicausc of a private man
called HrachylelU, yet they would honor I'ituN, as those
which were contented to keem^ league and frendsliip with
either side, lltiis embraced tliem, and spake very curteoutily
unto tliera, going on bis way stil fayer and softly, entertain-
ing them somtimc with one matter, and somtinie with an
other, and kept them talke of purpose, to the end bia
souldicTG being wearied with iomving, might in the mcane
89
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
n.AMIKIUS time takv good breath : and «> marching chi, by litle and
Ittle, he entred into the dty with them. Wherewith the
Lords of 'lliebeii were not greatly pleased, but yet they
durst not refuse him, thogh ne had not at that time any
number of souldiers about him. When be wa« within
Tlwbes, he pmied audience, and becan to perswadc the
people (a» carefully an if he hod not bod the city alrvody)
that they wnulde rather take parte with the Romdiniit, then
with the king of Miicedon. And to further TituM ptirpoae,
king Attnlus Ming by chauiice at that time in the OMembly,
did help to exhort Uic Thebans very earnestlv, that they
would doe as Titus penwn^led them. But Attalus was more
earnest then became a man of his yeares, for the desire
he had (as wai imagined) to ahewe 'IHtus his eloouenoe:
who did so straine and move him selfe withall, tliat he
sounded sodayncly in the middest of his oration, whereby the
rcwmc fell downe so fast uppon him, that it tookc away his
scnoes, so as he fell In a traunsc bcfon? them all, and few
dayes after was conveyed agalnc by sea into Asia, where he
Kinc Attains lived not long after. In Uie mt-onc time, the Bcrotiaits come
iMM. into the Rotnaines, and tooke thdr parte. And Diilip
Ths BoKiUuna having sent Amlnw.'uwtort to Home, Titus alwi wnt thither
ysMuutu the of his men to solidte for him, in two rvsjiucts. Hie one, if
tlie warres continued against I'hilip, tlwt then they would
Crolong his time there. The other, if the Senate did graunt
in) peace : that they would do him the honor, as to make
and conclude it with Philip. For lltus of his owne nature
being very ambitious, did feorc least they would aend a sue-
ocsror to continew those warres, who should take the glory
from him, and make tui end of them. But his frends made
such cameHt sutc for him, that neither king Philip attained
that he prayed : neither was there sent any other genvraJl
in Titus place, but he still continued his chargi- in thcne
warres. Wherfore, so sootte as he hrw) rcc^-ive^ his com-
mbsion and authority from the Senate, he wctit ittraiglit
towards The!«aiie, with great ho|)c to overcome Philip.
QoUrtlva For be bad in his army above six and twenty thousand
■*™r- fighting men, whereof the ^tolians made sis thousand
footcmen, aod three tbousande horsemen. King Philipa
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
army or thother aide was no lews in number, and ihe\ PLAMINIVS
b^an to Rujxrh one towards the other, untill at the letij^
they both drew ncere the city of Scotusa, where they deter- Kli»ir PWlIp
mined to try the battcll. So, neither they nor their men •"'l 9"'"^"?
were afraid, to stv them selves one so nccre an other : but ™i^ ncoi*'
rather to the contrary, the Romaine» on the one side tooke scotuw
neater hart imd corafre unto Uicnii desiring to fight, as
Uiinking with thcmwlvw what grmt honor they tJiould win
to oveioome th<? M)iccd«»iww, who witc so highly wtecmed
fur their valliuntiicH, hy rcitMon of the famuus aetit that
Alexander the great dj^ by them. And the MaoedouiBDa
on tlir other nide aUo, taking the Rotnaines for other maner
of ttouldiers then the Persians, began to have good hope if
they might winne the field, to make king Philip more famous
in the world, then ever was Alexander his father. Titus
then calling his men together, spake, and exhorted tfaem to
atand to it like meti, and to nhow themselves valUant Bouldiers
in this battel, as thiKw which were to shew the proofc of
their vaUiantoesw in the luut of Greece: the goodliest
Theater of the world, and against their enemies of most
Doble fame. Kiilip then by uiaunoe, or forced to it by the
Kpede he made, bicawtc tltey were both ready to joync : did
get up unwares u|x>ii a chaniell house, (where tltcy had
tiurieu many liodies, being a litle hill raised up above the
rest, and neere the treixrhes of his campe) and there began
to encorage his aouldiers, as all generals do before they give
batteL Who when he saw tlmu all diM»raged, for they
tooke it for an il signe that he was gotten up on the top of
a grave to s|>eake imto them : he of a conceite at the matter,
did of himsclfe (U-ferre to give battel! that day. The next
morning, bicatiKV! U>e night wa« viTy wet by reason the
•owthe winde» ha4l blowvn, the clowds were turned to a
miitc, and (illeii all the valley with a darkc grotsc thkke
Vfttt comming from the mountaines thereabouts, which
oovered the field betwene Imth campes with a miat all the
morning : by reason wherof the skowtes on both xides that
were sent to dijcover what the enemies did, in very shorte
time met together, and one gave charge upon an other in a
place they call the dogges heads, which are pointes of roekes
85
PLAMINIUS
BBtt«ll be-
twCDO Quiii-
tiuii UUlf
fhilip kliige
of M need on.
The prouertie
of the Mace'
donlan battel I.
LIVES OF THE
placed upon litlc hills one before an other, and vei^r' nere one
unto an other, which have bene called so, bicause they have
had some likenes of it In this skirmish there were many
chauiiges, ba commonly fslleth out when they fight in sucn
ill favored utimy pluoes. For tTomctime the Romainn fled,
and the Macedonians chased them : an other time the Maee-
duninns that follnwed the chase, were ghid to fly themwlvw,
and the Roumines who flvd Ix-fore, iiowe hiul them in duwe.
This cliaunge and altumcion cjune, by .sending new .tupplieit
xtil from both cani]>es, to relieve thfin tliat were distresfted
and driven to flie. Now Ix-nui the miste to breake up, and
the ayer to clere, so that liotli jtciierals inif;ht see about them
what was done in either cam))e : by reason whej^jf both of
them drew on their army to the field and battel. So Philip
had t)ie vantage on the right wing of his army, which was
placed on the height of an hanging; hill, from which they
came so a nininc to sot u|H>n the Roinaines, ajid with such n
fury, that the stn>iigeNt nnd valliant««t that could be, had
never liene able to ubide the front of tlif-ir bnttid, so clo^ly
were they joined together, and their wall of pykes wa» so
strong. Itut on hi.t left wing it watt not »o, bicause the
rancka of his luittel could not joine so nere, nor close target
to target, the itlace being betwixt the hills and the rocks
where the battel was eomming, so as they were compelled by
reason of the straightnes and unevennes of the ground, to
leave it open, and itnfiiniixhed in many places. Titus linding
that disadvimtoge, went from the left wing of his hall^lj
which he saw overlaid by the right wing of hi.< eneniiw, and '
going sodainly tawani me left wing of king Philips battell,
tie .set upon the Macedonians on that side, where he saw
they could not close their ninekes in the front, nor joyne
them together in the middest of the battel {which is the
whole strength and order of the Macedonian fight) bicause
the field was up hill and downe hill : and to fight hand to
hand they were so pestered behind, that one thronged and ,
overlaid an other. For the battel of the Macedonians hatil^
this property, that so long as the order is kept close and
joyned together, it eemvth as it were but the body of a bea«t
of a force invincible. But also after that it i.s once open,
86
(juiiitiu*
mertune
Philijipcn
Army,
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
and that tliey an; sundered and not joyned togL-ther, it doth FLAMtSIUS
not only loose the force and power of the vhole body, but
also of every private souldicr that tighteth : partly by reason
of the diversity of the weapons wherewith they fight, and
partely for tlmt their whole strenj^h consistcth moat, in the
distMi^ing and joyning togetlier of their rimckes and ordera
which dutii stny up one nn other, more then doth tncry
private »oulditT« strength. So when thix left wing of thv
AlacetlouinnK wiu broken, and that they ran thdr way : one
parte of the Koiitatiies followed the chiue, luid the other
mime to give a. chargi'^ iip]ion th«- lliiiK'keH of the riglit winge
which fought yet, and tliey mode gn-ut slaughter of thi-in.
Whereupon they now whiih before titui the vantage, l>egaiine
to staler and breake, and in the eiide ranne away as fa.it as
the other did, throwing downe their weapons : insomuch as
there were slaine of them L>ight thousande in the fielde, and five
thous&ndc taken prisoners in tiie chase. And hud not the
feult bcite in the ^toliaiis. I'hilip had not saved him wife by
flyinge as he did. For whilest the Roniaiiiefi had their L'nfmies
in chose, the .Etolifuis Uu'ied, tuid rifled all kiiige Philijis
campe, so Its thi y hiLd left the Honinines nothiiigi- to .sjHiyle at
their retiuTie. Whereiijwn there gn-w great qtiam-ll, and hot
words bctweive t>icm, and one will) a.n other. But aftt-rwtudi-s
tb^ wig^'ird 'ntiis worst', elialenginge the honor of this vic-
tor)' to them jielves, bicHiisi' they gave it out throuch (Jreece,
tliat they alone had nvertliroweii king I'hilip in tlie Imttell.
So that m the songa and liallets the I'oets made in pi-aise of
this victory, which every contry and townes man had in his
mouth : they alwaies put the .^tolians before the Romaines, as
in this that foUowcth, which was cunantly song in every plow:
Oh frvnd, >rhich [imsent by ; here lyv fc Hretrhwi phnnroi,
Wilhootni honor of the (trnve, withoiil Inmciititin tciirw.
\Vc thirty thousande were, whkh enclcil have our Unyei ;
lo cruell coasts of TheswilJe. which cauitiil our itecxyeK.
We have heae ovcrrtltroweii by th.^U'liHiu lata of warre : AlcMIU vmu4
A[i4 by the LdliiJd cri'ives likewiite, wboni Titus led front farre. ]> dtasMM
Even out of Italie, to Miii'eiloiiie Iniide, nf Iritw if
V* lo diitroy, ho (caotsiue like) did come with mighty hniiile. PhiSpt
And Philip Btnute, therewhlleH for nil Ilia prnwde 5«tcp fnce :
I>fl«d mors »«ift, then hartos doo ruoiic, which un nunued in chnce.
87
Aluliiiio be-
twixt tbH
MtoiiutH and
theRonaiaeL ,
Philip* vtnt»
nftninrt
Alc*uiL
Privjj grudK*
hotwixt Quin-
tius knd th«
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
PIAMIKIL'S The Poet w&s Alcieufl Uiat mitdc these ventes for to singe,
who did tbeiD in dUgracc of kinee Fhilip, blsely iitcreuinge
the number of hia men which died in the battell, only to
shanu; and spite him tJie more : howbeit he spited Titu«
th«rcbv, more then Philip, bicause it was song in every place.
For Pnilip laughed at it, and to encounter him againc
with the uke uockc, he mode a iiong to cuunterfeatc hu, ai
followeth :
'rhl( tribbpt on thia hill, »h!c1i pawan by vuf (narke :
Won >rt to hnng Alcnui up, irithoatto TmvM or burke.
But Titiis tooke it grevoualy, who chiefly desired to be
honored amongest the Greecians, by reason wherof from
that time forwards he delt in the rest of his matters alone,
without making aivonipt of the vfitolians ; witervrith they
W(Te m^trvelous angry, and Hixx-ially when he received an
AmbnsNidcH- from Philip, am) gave earv unto a treaty of
jHruec which he ofi'red. Fur then they wi-n- so netled
Rgainitt him, that they gave it out thruiigh all Greece,
tfiat 'I'itufl hati soldo pcaee unto Philip, when tie might
altogether have ended the warre, and utterly hare destroyed
Philips whole power and Empire, who had first brought
Greece into bondage. These slaunderous reports and false
tales which the v^tolians spred thus abroade, did much
trouble the Itomaiues frendes and confederates : but Philip
Kclfe pulled this suspinon out of their heodi's, when he OUDC
ill [Krrson ti> reiiuin- peace, and did submit him st^'lfe wholly
to the discretion of I'ituK aiid the Homaines. 'I'itus tliiii
grauiited him peace, and delivered to htm hi« reaJme of
Maoedon,n»d commaunded him he shouldr give overall that
he heldc in Greece, and lie^deit, Unit he should itay one
thousande talents for tribute, taking from him all his army
by sea, saving only tenne shippes : and for as&uranoe of this
peace, he tooke one of his sonnes for hosl^e, whonic he sent
to Rome. Wherein Titiw ccrtainely did veiy well, and
wisely did foresee the time to come. For then Hannibal!
of Carthage, (the great enemy of the Romaines) vtm biLnished
out of his contry, and conimen to kinge ^Vntiochus, whumv
he put in the head, and i-anicntiv mov«l, to follow his good
88
T. QuIntloH
rnuuted
PUllp peace.
Hannihal wi
with kin^ce
Aatiochu*.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
fortune, and the incmuc of hix Empire. Whmn Hanniball
so followed vrith thcw pentwiutiuiis, tbnt kingo AntiochuH at
length was comv to it. And tni8tir)<^ to niH fornicr good
Biicci's»<-, mid notabli- net*, wht-rtby in tin- wnn\-s before he
hiuJ »ltJiitK\l till.' ^unmmc of grviit : he b(-)nui now to umpire
to the monarchy of the- wholu world, ana Hoiiglit how to
finde occasion to make warres with tlic Kotnainea. So that
if Titus (foresetring that a far of) liad not wisely inclined
to peace, but that the wars of Antiochiu had fallen out
together with the warm of king Philip, and that these
two the mightiest Princes of the worldc had joyned together
against the dty of Itomc : then it had bene in as great
trouble and daimgcr, as ever it was before, in the tinu:
of their warrra against Hannibal. Howbeit Titus havingv
happely thrust in this |>c«ci' bctwene botlt wnrrcs, he cut of
the warn; that wa« present, befoiv the other that was
cominingc: by which meaner he tooke from one of Uie
kinged nit limt, and fnotn the other his {irsl hope. In tlie
nteane time, the tenne commisMioners that were sent hy tlte
Senate from llome to Titui, to aide and assist him in the
order of Uie afTaiera of Greece : did coun§ell him to set all
the rest of Greece at liberty, and onely to kepe in their
handes with good garrison, the cities of Chalctde, of Corinthe,
and of Demetriadi', to niakc Hiire that by practise they should
not enter into league and alliiLnce with Antiochiis. Then
the ^tolians (that were the eonimou slauitderen of 'ViUa
proccedingcs) beganne o|K-iily to nuke these c)t)<« to rebel!,
and did summone Titus to (oo»e the chained of Grewe : for
•o did kitige Philip call tltesv? three dtieit. 'llien Uiey aaked
tlte Greeeiaiift in mockery, whether they were willing now to
have heavit.T fettera on their le^en, then before, being
•omwhat brighter and fayrer then those they had bene
shackled with: and also whether they were not greatly
beholding to Titus for taking of the fetters from the Greedaiu
legs, and tyinge them about their occkes. T^tus beinge
niur\-clously troubled and vexed with this, moved the tenne
coun$ellers so earnestly, that he made them gmunt hi*
rrauettt in the endc, that those tlu-ee cities also should be
delivered from garrison : bicausc the Greeciaos thenceforth
3:M 80
FLAMINIU8
Chaldda,
CotiaOi*,
Pmivtriacle,
exited by
t-htlip of
Mm^ou, the
CboiuM of
Gr«<c«
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
PLA.M1NIUS might no more complainc, Uiat his grace and liberality was
oot thrauffhiy pciformcd. And accomplished in every rcspi-ct
Ittliinia. oa tlitrm all. \Vhcrvforr, when thv fnut called IsthmJa was
come, tlierc were gathered tftgetluT an infiiiiti; tnultitii<Ic of
people OOHK- to stx- the sportt; of Hk (niinw pinynl there:
for Grei^ce having iK^iie long timt- troubTed witti warres, U
feeing thi-in selvm now in sure pcaci:, and in rerj
hope of ful lilK-rty, looked after no other thing) but delited
only to see games, and to make mery. Proclamation was
then made by sounde of trompct in the assembly, that cveiy
man shoulde keepc silence. That done, the herauldc went
forward, and thrust into the middest of the multitude, and
proclaimed out alowdc : That the Senate of Rome, and Titiis
Quintius Flaniiiiius, Consul of the |K-ople of Rome (now that
they had ovcrthrowen kinge Pliiliji mid the Macedonians iii
battell) did thentvforth diHchurge from all garriHons, and «t
at lilierty from all taxes, sulnidies, and iinjHMitionii for ever,
to live after their olde auncient lawes, ajid in full liberty :
the Corinthians, the Locrians, those of I'hocide, those of tne
lie of Kubcra, the Achaian^ the Phthiotes, the Magnesians,
the Tliessalinns, and the Pcrrhccbeians. At the first time of
the proclamation, idl the people could not heare the voice of
the neraiddc, and tJic most p#irte of tliose that hearde him,
collide not tell di-stinelly what he sayed: for there raiirtc up
and downe the shewe place when> the games were played,
a confuted brute and tumult of the people that wondered,
and asked what the matter ment, so a» the herauldc waa
driven againe to make the proclamation. Whereupon aAer
silence made, the berauld puttinge out his voice farre lowder
then before, did uroclaime it in such audible wise, that the
whole assembly neard bim : and then rose there such a
lowde showte and crie of joy through the whole people, that
the sound of it wa.i heard to the w-a. Then all the people
that had taken their places, and were «et to sec the Sword-
playent play, rose up all on their feete, lettingc the gam**
alone, and went together with great joy to salute, to embrace,
and to tlianke 'I'itus the recoverer, protector, and patroiie of
all their liberties of Greece. Then was scene (which i* much
spoken of) the power of mens voyces : for crowes fel downe at
90
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
ifast present time among the people, which by chaunce flew FLAMINIUS
over the show place at tiint time that they made the same Crowe« flyiugr,
out showte. 'ITiis came t<i pa.'se, hy reason the ayer wm '^l' downe by
broken and cut a sunder, with the veheracncy and strength m™'s'ToU«^
of the voyces, so as it had not his naturall power in it, to
Iccqw up the flying of the birdes : vthicb were driven of
Dcceiuty to fall to the crounde, as flyingc through a roide
plaoe wncn; thi-y ladccdayer. Unlmse we will rather gay,
that it wu thi- violence of the eric, which strookc the birtle*
paMinge tbniiif;h ttic aycr, m they had bene hH with nnttwes,
utd M made tlK-ni fall <lowiie dead to tho earth. It may be
alM, that then: wa» »ome hurlingc winde in tlw ayer, a* we
doe see sometime in the sea, when it riseth high, and many
times tumeth about the waves, by riotenoe of the storme.
So it is, that if 'Htus hadde not prevented the whole multi-
tude of people which came to see him, and that he had not
got him away betimes, before the games were ended : he had
Eardly scaped from being stifltxl amongest them, the people
came so thictcc about him from every place. But after that
they weru weary of crying, and singing atwut his pavillion until!
night, in the ende they went their way ; and &a they went,
if they mut any of their kinnt^ frctidcs or citiix-ns, they did
kiitse and <.-mbntcu one an other for joy, and Mt »up{H-d, and
made niery togetlicT. In their more njoycinge yet, aa we
may tfainke full well, tliey had no other talkv at the table,
but of the warrcK of Greece, discoursing amongest tliem what
sundry great warrvs they had made, what they had endured
heretofore, and all to defend and recover their liberty. And
yet for all that, they coulde never so joyfully nor more
assunxljy obtaine it, then they did even at that present,
receiving the honoralilest reward, and that which deserved
greatest fiunc through tlie worlde : that bv the valliantncsso
of straungers who fought for the same (without anv spilt
blood of tbeir ownc in com|uinson, or that they lost Oie life
of nay one man, whose death thvy had cause to liimt-nt) they
wei« so rcstorwi to their aunrii-nt frcvdome and lil>erty. It
is a very ran- things amoiigi-st nu-n, to finde a man very
valliant, and wi.te withall: but yet of all sortes of valliant
men, it i» harder to finde a just num. Pew Agesilaus,
91
FLAMIKIUS
Qvintiiu uro
to nUblUh Ui«
libertjr of th«
GrMaaiw.
Tie teat
Nmum kept
rtAigu.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LyMinder, Nidan, AlcibiaiU's, mid all uUier the famous Cap-
ttuiies i)f former tiniett, had very good skill to lead an aimy, aiid
to winiie tlte battel), as well Bv sea as by lande : but to tume
their ^nctoriea to any honorable benefit, or true homH* among
men, they could never skill of it. And if you doe except
the battell against the barbftrous people, in the nlaiiiL' of
Marathon, tho batt*:!! of Salamina, the jomvy of Platees,
the battell of Thcrniopyliw, the bnttell Cimon fought about
Ciprus, and upon the river of Eiirym»Ion: all the other
warrcs and biitt<-lK of Greece that weiv made, fell out
again»t thvm selves, and tlid ever briiige tliem into bondage :
and all the tolcomt of triuniphe which ever were set up far
the same, was to their shame and loiee. So that in the end,
Greece was utterly deatroyed and overthrowen, and that
chiefly through the wickednes and sclfe will of her governors
and captaincs of the eities, one envjing an othein doing.
Where a straunge nation, the which (as it should seeme) hid
very small occasion to move them to do it (for that they
have hod no great familiarity witli auucient Greece, and
through the n>unt«L-l and good wisedoiiie of the which it
^ould seemc very straunge thwt Greewr collide r\-ceive luiy
benefit) have notwjthstjinding witii dauiigirotis iMtlt-ls and
inRnitc troubles delivered it from oppretaion, and servitude,
of violent IxtnlcH and tvnuti. Thi^t, and such like talke, did
at that time occupy tne Greecians heades: and moreover,
the deeded followitig did aunswer and {lerforme the words of
the proclamation. For at one selfc time, Titu* sent Lentulus
into A»a, to act the Harf^Iians at lil>crtv, and TitilHus into
Tliracia, to remove tlie garrisons out of the lies and cities
which Philip had kqit there: and I'ublius lulius was sent also
into vVsto, unto king Antiochus, to speakc unto him to set
the Greecians at liberty which he kept in sulnection. And as
for Titus he went him selfe unto the city of Chateide^ where
he tooke nea, and went into the jirovince of Magnesia, out
of tlic which he t<xike all the garrisons of the cities, and
n^deliviTisi Uu- gt>venm)ent of the common wealth imto the
citizetu of tlie some. Afterwords when time came, thiit the
feast of Nemca was oclebrated in the dtie of Argos in tlic
honor of Hercules, lltus was chosen judgc^ and rector of the
92
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
sanies that were plaJed there: where, after he had aei all
thioffea iii very good order, pertaining unto the solemnity of
the tesfit, he caused againe solemne proclamation to be made
openly, for the geuerall liberty of all Greece. Further-
more, nsiting the cities, h« did stablish very good lawes,
rvformod justice, and did set the inbubitanti) and citizens of
every one of them in good peace, amity, and concord one
with an other: and did call home uIm all thcnc that were
outlawed and banished men, and pndlied all oldc quarrellc
and ditsentionit amonge them. The which did no Icssc
pleoae and content hiai, Uiat by penwasionR he could bring
tlie Greecianii to be reconciled one with the other ; then if
he had by force of armea overcome the Macedonians. Inso*
much, as the recovery of the libertie which Titus had restored
unto the Greecians, seenved unto them the least parte of the
Boodnesse they had received at his handcs. They say, that
Lycurgua the orator seeinge the collectors of taxes, cary
Zcnocrates the Philosopher one day to prison, for lacke of
payment of a ccrtaine imposition, which the stiaungers in-
nabiting within the citic of Athens were to pAy : be rfsctied
him from them by force, un<l mon-ovcr pnwccuted law so
hard against Ibcni, that he nuulc tht-ni pay a fyne for the
injury Otey luwl done unto so wortliy « jwrxon. And tJiey
tell, how the Mun« Philoaoplieraflerwardesi meeting Lycurgus
children ui the city, saved unto them : I doe wet requite
vour fathers good tume hi' did me : for I am the cause that
he is praised and commended of every man, for the kinde-
ncsse he shewed on my behalfe, So the good dcedes of
the Romaincii, and of 'Htus Quintius Plammius unto the
Groecians, did not only reape this benefit unto them, in
recompcncc that they were praised and honored of all the
worldc : but they were csuse also of incrcasingc thcEr
(lominiiins and Empire over all nations, and that the worldc
ftflt:rwiir<fc» had KTcnt affiance and trust in them, and that
most justly. Sii that the |H-«|ile and cilii-* did not onely
woeive Uio Captains* luwi governors tlie Homaines iient them :
but they also went to Uamo unto them, and procured them
to come, ftiwl did put them selvea into their handes. And
not only the cities and commmudties, but kings and princes
FLAMfNIUS
Ljcutgu* Uie
orator, ro*-
cued Zcno-
ontM tii«
PhUotophar,
and uvcd him
from priMn
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
FLAMINIUS »l»o (which were oppressed by other more mighty than tbem
»i.'lve«) hiwl no other refuge, but to put them itelves under
Uieir pn>t«etioD : by reason whereof in a very ehorte time
(with tlie favor and bclpc of the goddcs aa I am pcmwaded)
all tlie wurlil cantu to xuhmit them selves to their obedieiicC)
and under th« protection of their Empire. Tittts ul»o did
glory more, tliat he had rwttoretl Greece ngnine unto liberty,
then in any other nerviw or t-xphiyte he had ever done. For
when he ottered up unto th« tviiiitle of Apollo in the dtie of
Delphes, the targets of ttitver witn hlH owne fthielde, he made
these verses to be graven upcm them, in effect a& foUoweth :
O Doblfl tw^DM TyndarUn, Dan love liis c)iil4r«D deue :
IlrawoutlawdedieuteBorjoyjaDdBirtbfrqlmreeBod make good cbean.
Bobl« Unn of Spartaa sorle, wUeh Wm MUght to ryd«,
Yinir trampling ttoedes, wttli fomy byt, and trapploga hy their *id« :
Rcjoyoo you now, for Tiluc ho, tlie viilliant RomHne knight,
Tliciie ([iflei lu great to you hath ynt, vvon by bia force aiid nu|{bt.
That mivtnfc tak«u eluno awny, fr<itn (if the (ir«Bkiiihu netitrt,
Tb« ti«ary yeiie of leriiliulti, which huM thvm Hirall to cLeclua,
Vuto their formur liberty, he hath nguturdtf tlitni (rte,
Ulileli altogether perldht was, ai meti m)|>lit jilaiuely aea.
He gave u crownc of mnssie gold unto Apollo, up]>on the
which lie made this inscription to Ix; wryttt-n:
A valliant Komnine kai^ht, cvod Titun by hii name,
A cnptaino nurtliy by driwrt, of hi^h rvmiwDp luiil fane :
To thc« (Apollo gixil thin crownc of pure fine guldo.
Hath f;(TV«ii thy Mdlmd to odonie, with juvlli) miuiifuMe,
TbeTcfurti let it tnM pleaM (Apullu god of emre)
With fHVcr to re(|ulte this love, to him aDd to bit rnca:
That hiHrenowmed funie, and vertiie may be spied,
And blaaed through the vorlde to wide, tn ihair what ILfo he Ifid.
So bath the city of Coririthe vtijoycd thi« good luippc,
that the Grvcciatis have bene twisc prnrlHimcd to be tet at
liberty : the dnt time by I'ittis Quintiut Flatninius, and tJie
second tlmc^ by Nen) in our time, and at the itelfe some
iiivtfuit when they solemnly kejit the feaat odled Isthmia.
Howehfit the first proclamation of tlieir lil>erty (a* we have
toldt ye before) wast done by the voyec of a herauld : and the
neeonclL- time it was done by Nero him selfe, who proclaimed
it in an oration he made unto the people in open ncscmbly,
in the market place of the city of Corinthe. But it wax a
94
Nero did set
Gr«ic«at
liberty.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
longe time after. Furtlieraiore, Titus bcgwine then a
goodly And just warre o^iist Nabii, the cuntea and wicked
tyran of I^acediemmt. HuwelK-it in the ende he deceaved the
expectation of (ireece. For when he might have taken hitn,
he would not doe it, hut made peace with hioi, fur&akinee
poore Sparta unworthily oppressed under the yoke of bonu-
age : eitner bicause he was afrayed that if the warre heldc on,
there shoulde come a successor unto him from Romv, that
ahouldcaiy the Rlory away to endc the same, or else he stoode
lealouB ana envious of the honor they did unto Philopccrnvn.
Who having tihewi-d him sclfc in every phicc as excellent a
Cnptiuni.- a» ever ciimc in Greece, mid huvlnge doiie notAbl«
acta and fnniouK service, both of great wiiwdonw, and aJm
of ralliantnc!Me, aivd Nixrcially in the Aduiians wnrrv:, he was
as much honored and nTvetvnced of the Acliaiftn.4, in tlte
Theaten and common aMt-mbheH, even ax 'I'ituii watt.
Whereat 'Htus was marvelously offended, for he thought it
unreasonable, that an Arcadian who had never bene genemll
of an army, but in small litle warres against his neighboure,
should be as much esteemed and honored, as a Consult of
Rome, that was come to make wamn for the recovery of the
libcrtie of Greece. But Titus allco^red reasonable exctusc
for hi* doingvn, sayine that he saw very well he eoulde not
destroy thi-t tynui Niibio, without the great Io)kc- utid misciy
of the othi-r SjiiirtanH. Furthemiorv, of all tiic honors the
AchaiaiiH ever did him (which were very great) Die thinkss
there was none that came neciv any rccoinpence of his
honorable and well <I»erving, hut one onely present they
offered him, and which he above all the rest nio^ esteenwd :
and this it was, Duringo the neconde uarrcs of Africke,
which the Romaiites had against Hanniball, many Roinaines
were taken priMiners in the simdry battella they lost, and
liringc solde here and there, remained slaves in many con-
tries : and amongcst other, there were dispersed in Greece to
the number of twelve hundred, which from time to time did
move men with nitic and compassion towardcs them, that
law them in «o miM-mblc climmffe and state of fortiuie. But
then much more wm.i their nii»<,-rie to be pitied, when Uiese
captives found In the Komaines army, some of them tlieir
96
FLAMINTU8
U'liytjuiiitiuD
mndr pmce
with Nabiii
the tyniii of
Locednmini,
Th« honor of
PhilopoiiDcn.
Twelve
huiiilrcd
Ilomainoa
■oMo for
•lavet.
PLucnon
The Achnioni!
redccmt^ the
BomaiiiMtlmt
werenolde for
sUvm lu
Greece.
Th« ceremony
nf ulaveii
manumi*ed.
T. Quiiitiui
triunphe.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
■OODcs, other their brethren, and the rest their fellowes and
frendm, fn.i-, and conquerours, and them selvca slaves and
bondi.-mvii. It ^i'\'cd Titua much to see these poon; men
ill such mi!«.-nihli." cwptivity, notwithstanding he would not
take them hy force from iKose that had thcni. Wlien-upon
the Achaiaiis Ksit-eiiKtl and bought them for five htinun.-Yl
pence a man, and luivingi.- gathered them togetiitT into a
troupe, they presented all the Komuine captives unto Titus,
even as he was ready to take ^hip to rctume into Italie:
which present made him return*- home with greater joy and
contcntficion, having received for his noble deedes so honor-
ttbic a rcconipcnce, and worthy of him selfe, that wbs so
loving n man to his citizens and conby. And surely, that
onely was the omiunent (in my opinion) that did most
bcjiutifie hin triumplic. For these poore redeemctl cf^itivc*
did that, which the »IavM are wont to doc un that day when
thev l)e net at liK-rly : to witt*-, tlicy nhavc their m«d<-H,
aiKl doe weare Htle huttCH n|Km them. The Kom^iiiies that
were thua redeemed, did in Hke inuner : and so followed
'ntus cJiarret, on tlie day of his triumplie and entrie made
uito Home in the triumphing manner. It waa a goodly sight
also, to see the spoyles of the enemien, which were caried in
the show of this triumphe : as, store of helmets after the
Greecians facion, heapes of targets, shicldes, and pykcs after
the Macedonian manner, with a wondcrfiill suramc of
and silver. For Itaiius the historiographer writeth,
there was brought n marvelous gir^it mawc of tnrssurc in
niggots of golde, of tlirve thfaiwind ttcvea hundred and
thJrteene pounde weight, and of silver, of forty three
thousande, two htuidretl, Uirce Mcore and tenne pound
weight, and of golil ready coyncd in peeoes called Philips
fouretei'ue thousand, (i\o hundrod, and foureteene, bendes
the thousand taienti kins Philip should pay for a raun8oni&
The which summe, the Komaines afterwardes forgave him,
chiefly at lltus sute and intercession, who procured that
grace for him, and caused him to be calleu a frvnd and
confederate of the people of Rome, and his soniie Demetrius
to be sent unto him againe, who remained before as an
hosta^ at Rome. Shortcly after, king Antiochus went out
96
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
of Asia into Grci-oe with ti giv&t flcctc- of shippes, and a very PLAMINIUS
piiimit army, to stim; up t)ic cities to forsMce their league
and alliance with the noniabics, and to make a disseotaon
amongust them. To furthi-r this his dmirc and cnt«rpriac,
the ^tolians did aidv and backc him, which of long time
had bome eivat and »i.Tn;tc malice ogiunst the Romaincs,
and dedrra awch to have liiul tvants with them. Su
tbcT taueht king Antiuchiis t» nay, that the wiun.- whidi ho
tooKe in nand«, vm» to set thv Gnvciaiiit at liberty, whereof
they had no neede, bicauxe they did already enjoy their
liberty : but for that they hod no just cause to raalce warre,
they taught him to cloke it the honestest way he coulde.
Wherefore the Romaines feariuge greatly the rising of the
people, and the rumor of the power of this grvat king, they
Bent thither Afanius AdUuB their gonerall, and Titus, one of
his LieuteiULunts for the Greectans sakes. Which arrivall
did the more assure them that already bare good will to
the Romuines, after they had once seene Manius and Titus :
and the rest that bcgunne to fliv out, and to shrinkc
from tJK-ni, thiwe I'itus kept in obetlience from starting,
remcmbTiiigv them of tlie fmnUhii) mid y^Mul will they had
borne him, even like a good skiifull uhiMitinn tlmt couldc
geve hi* padent phi*ieke to pwserve hun from a «>ntagw>ui»
diseaae. In dl;(^ae there werv some (but fewe of than) that
left him, which were won and corrupted before by the
jfitolians : and though he had just cause of offence towardes
them, yet he saved iTiem after the liattcll. For king Antio-
chus being overcome in the coutrj' of Thcrmopyles, fled his
way, and m great hast tooke the sea to rctume into Asia,
And the Considl Manius following his victory, cntxod into
the contry of the ^Etolians, where he tooke ccrtaine townes
by force, and left the other for n pray unto kingc Philip.
So Philip kinge of Maooion on the one iHdc, spoylod nod
sacked the Doioiiiiui.*, the Miipiu^iAiiK, tlie AtluimnTnan:^
and the Ai>erajitnie!(: and the (!imfull ManiuH on the other
Mde, destroyed the dty of Heraclea, and layi-d Moge to the
dtle of Naupactum, which the jfCtoliana kept. Rut I'Stus
takinge com|iaasion of tliem, to see the poore people of
Greece thus spoiled and tnmcd out of all: went out of
3:N 97
MaaiuB Ad*
liu« Cun«ul,
wid T. Quia-
tliiR lieu-
Urnatint Aont
intoGroooa.
ADtlochua
overthroirto
in Thermo-
Ibi, by
AniuD the
C'oiKuU.
E
FUMINIUS
trmUith for
King Antlo-
chus iitHrled
('leoptolemiiH
diiugnter in
tho city of
ChaloldR,
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
Peloponnesus (where he wa.t Ukii) unU» MAniiw AciHus
campe, and tbiir n-praved him for sufTering king Philip
to uKurjH* Ute benefit and reward of his honorable nctory,
still con<juerii»ge many people, king<i, and contries, whilest
be continued siege before a city, and only to wreake hia
anger upon ttieni. Afterwaides, when they that ««ere besieged
saw Titus from their walles, they called him by his name,
and helde up their handcs unto him, prayinge turn he would
take pitie upon them : but he gave them never a word at
that time, and turning his bnvke luito them, tie fell a weeping.
Afterwards he spake with Maaius, and nppCMtng his anger,
got him to graunt the .'EtoHnnK truoc for ccrtaine dayes, in
which time they might nende Amljassiidor* to Rome, to »ec
if tlicy could obtaine gmce and pardon of tlie Senate. But
the most trouble and difBculty ne had, was to Jntreate for
the CniiUcidians, with whonie the Consul) Manius was more
giievdu&ly ofTended, then with all the rest: bicause that
kinge Antiochus after the warres was begonne, had maried
his wife in their citie, when he was past yeares of manage,
and out of all due time. For he was now vcrv olde, and
beinge in his extrcamc age, and in the middest of his warres,
he fell in dotage with a young gentlewoman, the daughter
of Cleoptolemus, the fayre^t woman that was at that time
in all Greece. Thereforv the dalcidiaiis were much affected
unto king Antiochus, and did put their city into his hande^!,
to serve him in this warrc, for a «t«)ng niiii safe retyring
place. Wh(-ru|)on, when Antioclius had lost the battel, he
came thither with all po*aible speede, and takinge from
thence with him his jiassinge fayer younge Queene which
he had maried, and his golde, his silver, and frenden, he
tooke the seaes incontinently, and retimied into Asia. For
this cause the Consull Manius having wonnc the battel!,
did marche straight with his army towardcs the citie of
Oialcidc in a great rage and fury. But Titus that followed
him, did alwayes lye uppon him to pacilie his anger, and did
»o much intreatc him, together with the other Romiuncs of
state and ntithoritii- in counsel] : that in the cnde, he gotte
him to {utnloiie them of Ch»l<ride also. Who, bicause they
wtrx' prracn-cd from perill by his meanest, thoy, to reoompcncc
99
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Uiis r&ct of his, did consecrate unto him, all their most stately FLAMINIUS
and sumptuoDii buildinees and cominoii workes tn their citie,
as ap[>eareth yet by the superscriptions mnainiiige to be
scene at this day. As in the show place of exercises : Th«
people of Chalcide did dedicate tliis show place of exercises, Hoitor» don*
unto Titus and Hercules. And in the tcmpk- called IXI- y"^"^^,^'"'
phinium : The people of Chalddv did coiisecratc this tcniple, tho'chalei'-"*'
unto Titus, and unto Apollo. And furthermore, unto tliiv dians and the
prtBcnt time, there is a priest chosen by the voycc of the tireecUus.
Moplv, purposely to do sacrilicK unto Titus : in wnicH »acri<
fic^ after tnat the thing «icrilicii'd i.i ofTi-rvd up, luid win*
pownid npon it, the piijpic ^ttmding by, do sing a »ong of
triumphe made in prnixv of him. But bicattsc it were to
long to wrk'tv it all out, we have only drawcii lu briefe the
latter end of th« sani« : and tliis it is :
Th* dcore utmpoUcd fitith, of RomiiinM wi> ailoru,
And vow to be their fiiilhfuU freiidci, both uow and ever more.
Sing out you Atutici uyne, to lovea trtcrtiall tumt.
Sing out the honor due to Roni«, iiid Titu>t worthy uane
Slag oat (I My) tlie [iTnlse, of Titus aad hi« fiith :
B7 whom you tisve pnserted bene, from rulne, dote, and dmtl).
Now the Chalcidiaos did not atone only honor and rever-
ence Titus, but he was generally honored also by the
Grcecians as he deserved, and was nuLrvclouslv beloved
for his curtesie and good nature: which argucth plainelv
that they did not fainedly honor him, or through compul-
•ion, but wen from the hart. For though tbere was some
Jarre betwixt him and Philopo-men at the Bixt about service,
for emulation of honor, and after betwixt him au<l Diopliani^
also, both gt-nerall.^ of tbe AchaianK : yet he never ban^ them
any malice in hi.-( lutrt, neither di<l his anger move him at
any time to hurt tJHtn any way, but he ever ended tlie
heate of his wordes, in counsell and assemblies, where he
uttered his minde franckety to them both. Therefore none
thought him ever a cruel! man, or eger of revenge: but
many have thought him rashe, and hasty of nature. Other-
wise, be was as good a companion in company as possibly
could be, and would u»e as pleasaunt wise mirthe n any
man. As when be saved to the Achaians, on a time, who
99
Quiiitiuit
GurteHC and
goodoRUrb
EmuUtioD
tiet«lxt T.
Quiutiusaod
Fhiloptgxatn.
PLAHINIUS
T. (juintiaii
Antiochut
Ambawadoni
doe boaat of
their kiuf[M
gnU mnay.
Titux (juiii'
tiaa vittjr
AiiHwen to
the Ambw-
M<lon
bmggw.
T. Qulntitu
ehooea
Ceator <rltb
Mtroelina.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
would iie«dt--(i unjustlv iisurpc tlie lit? of tl>c Zacynthiiuui, to
diffiwode them from it ; My Lordes of Acliuiit, if yc ouct goe
out of PelopoiinvHUs, you put your selves in iluuiigvr, as the
tortcyscs doc, wh^-'ti Uicy thnist their licndvn out uf tlieir
shell And thv fint tinti' Uv jMrled witli Pliili|) to UtaXe
of ]Ktuix : whm Philip mud unto hitu, you have drought
uuuiy RiL-ii witli you, uihI I luii coun.^ aloiit.-. In dei:!de it is
true you an; afoue, Miyd liv, bicaime you uiiule all your
fraidi^ nnd Idime to be ulaitie. An other time, Dinocrates
Mesaeuiaii being in Rome, after lie liad taken in his cuppes
in a feaat where he was, he disguised hint aelfe in womaiu
apparell, and daunced in that manner : and the next day
foUowingc he went unto Titus, to pmy him to hclpc him
through with his saW, which was, to iiiakf the citiu of
Mfsniia to rvhcll, and luivf the tribe of the Achaians.
Titus made liini aunswor, that he wouhi tliinke upon it:
but I van but wonder ut you (»ayd tie) howc you can dauiwe
ill woniana apparell, and xinge at a feast, hnvjnge such matters
of weight ill your head. In the eounsel! uf the Achaiana,
king Aiitiochus ambassadont heiiige come Uiitlier, to move
them to breake tiieir league with the Uomaiiies, and to make
alliance with the king Uieir master, they made a manelous
large discourse of the great multitude of souldient that were
in their niasten army, and did number them by many diverse
nam<^s. Whcreuiito Titus aunswcred, and tolde how a &eud
of hia having biddL-u him one night to su|>])er, and having
served so many disJius of mcatv to hit liord, an he was angry
with him for mwtowing so great cont a)Hiii him, a« womler-
inge howe he could so Mxlaiiicly get ho nuieh store of mute,
and of so diverse kiiideH. My frendc xnyed to me againe,
that all was but porke drettsed so many waves, an<l with
so sundry sawces. And even so (rjuod 'i'itus) my ].ords of
Achaio, estteme not king Antiochus army the more, to heare
of so many mcii of armcs, numhred with their lauiices, and of
such a numbci' of footcmcii with their pykes: for they are
all but Syrians, diversely armed, only with ill favored lit^
weapons. Furtheniiorc, after I'itus had done tho^c thingea,
and that the warrc vritb Antiochus was ended, be was chosen
Censor at Rome, with the xomte of that same Msrcellus,
100
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
rho had hem five times CotuulX -' yjliis office is of f^rcnt
dignitie, and as a muti may siky, tke ccownv of all the
liorion thnt u citizen of Romi- cau Iiutk in-tlH-ir common
weoJU). ITiey put of the StiMitv, foiin: mnrmily: Init they
WKK not fmnou*. Ttivv (iid mx-ivc ull into l)tk- iiiiptIxT of
citiaeM of Koinv, thnt wouUI prevent thiiii Kelws ^..be
enrolled in tlieir common n.-p»tcr : with a proviso, tlwi-ih«^.
were bonie free by fatlier ami mother. They were eoinpef>e<l'
to doe it, by Tereutius Culeo, Triliune of Uie people, who
to despiglit the nobility, per»w(Lded the people of Home to
commaunde it iw. Nowe at Uint time, two of the noblest
^ and most famous men of Home were n^eat enemies one
""wdost an other: l*ublius Seipio African, and Marcus
mcius Cato. Of tliese two, Titus named I'ublius Seipio
African, to be prince of the Senate, as the chicfcst and
worthiest pcrsoiic in the citie : and gut the displeasure of the
' other, which was Cato, by this niishappe, Titus had it
brother ailletl Lucius Quintius Plamimus, ttothinK like unto
him in condition at all: for he was so distrouitely and
liccntiouiily given over to his pleasure, tluit he forgattv all
conilinesse and honesty. This lAidw loved well a younee
t>oy, and cartet) him nlwayi.-> with him when be went to tnv
warre^ or to the charge aiul f^ovennn<fiit of any province.
This bov flattering him, one day sayd unto Lucius Quiiitius,
that he loved him so well, that lie did leave the sight of the
Swordplayers at the sharpe, which were making ready to
tbc iiebt, although Jie had never seene man killed before :
to waitc upon him. Lucius being very glad of the boyes
wordes, aua^Mcred him straight. Thou shalt loose nothiiu; for
that my boy, for I will by and by please thi-e as well, bo be
commiiuudcd a (vndemned nuui to Ik- ft.-t«:h<d out of pnson,
aiul witlittll (idled for the hangman, whome he willed to
strike of hU bead in the niiddcat of hU sup[>er, that the boy
might see him killed. Valerius AiitioK tne histonitgrajiher
wryteth, that it was not for the love of the iKiy, bitt of a
woman which he loved. iJut 'i'itus l.ivius declaretli, ttiat in
aa omticm which Cato him M^lfe made, it was wr^'tten, that it
was one of the Goulcs : who hcinge a traitor to his contiy
men, was come to I'lamiuius gate with bis wife and children,
101
PLAMINim
l>, Scipiu, Slid
M. P, Cato
KTeateuenles.
Secret ^udge
betwixt Tttui
su<l Vaio,
A rrufll lied*
of Lucius
Quiutiaa,
Cato M9IW0
mit Luda*
Quill tiiu
FI&mlDius
<ifth«SenaW.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
FLAMINIUS and that Flaminiiiii ntuJcing him ratnc into his hallo, killed
him with hiii oww ha)i(h-s, to pic-asc a boy hv lovnl, that was
cIi-sinMi§ to s(^ Ji man Icillcd. Howchcit it is very hkdy that
Cato wrote irt this sortc, to aggravate the oifviice, and to
make li, mon crucll. For, mnny Imvv wrytteit it that it H
tnif.iiiid that he was no tmil«r, but an oneiidor coiidomned
.t.Klyfc : ami aiiiouf;*" oliier, Ciix-ro the orator dotli recite it in
,_ '»I)i>oke he made of aj^?, whwe he made it to lie tolde unto
.*. -. !-Catoi5H>vviie j>ersime. Howesoever it was, Marcus Cato being
chosen Censor, and clensing the Senate of all unworthy
persones, be put of the same Lucius Quintius Flarainius,
although he had bene CcMisuU: which disgrace did seemc
to rcdownc to his brother Titus Quintius Flaminius also.
Whereupon both the brethren came wepitig with all
humility before the ]K-o{)le, and made a pt^'titiun that seemed
very reasonable and eivill: which was that thev would
eonunaunde Cato to come liefore them, to declare the cause
ojmily why Iw hjid with such open slianic deface*! so noble a
houw as their* was. Cato then without delay, or slmnking
bacltc, came with hia companion into the market place,
where he asked Titus out alowde, if he knew nothing of the
supper where such a fact was committed. 'I'itus aunawered,
he knewe not of it. Then Cato o)}ened all the whole matter
as it was, and in the cnde of his tale, he bod Lucius Quintius
sweare openly, if he would deny that be had sayed was true.
Lucius aunswcrcd not a worde. Whereuppon the people
judged the shame was justly layed upon him: and so to
honor Cato, tbey did accompany him fnmi the pulpit for
orations, homeimto his owneltoiiM'. BulTitu.t beinge much
offended at tlie ilisgrace of his brother, became enemv to
Cato, and fell in with thotie that of long time luu) tmti.tl him.
T. Quintius And so by practise he procured of the Senate, tliat all
uiiwurtii}' Hcts bargiuiten of leases, and all deedes of salcH made by Cato
a^mt Csl* during bis office, were called in, and made voyde : and caused
many sutn alao to he commenced aeainst him. Wherein,
I can not say he did wisely or civilly, to become mortall
enemy to an honest man, a good citizi^, and duetifull in his
office, for hia yeare, [for an] unworthy kinseman, who had
justly deserved the shatnc layed upon hun. Notwithstanding,
Ida
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
^
I
shortely after wlten the people were assembled in Uie
'llveater to see games played, and the Scnaton were net
aocordinx to their custome, in the most honorable places:
Lucius rlaminius came in also, who in lowly and nunible
mailer went to sit downe in the furthest seetes of the
Theater, without regard of his former honor: which when
the people saw, thcv tooki- pity of him, aiid could not abide
to sec mm thus dJslionorcd. So thvy cried out to have
him oome and sit amonc the otlier Svnators and Consutls,
who made him pliuw, ukT received him accordingly. But to
returoe ugaiiie to Titus, The tinlurull ambition and covet-
ous gnh.-<iy miiidv be hoti of honor, wo* vi;ry well taken and
uteemed, so long as he had any oocasioa offered him to
eiereiie it in the warres, which we have spoken of t>efore.
For, after he had bene Consull, of his owne seeking be
became a Colonell of a thousand footemen, not being called
to it by any man. So wh^ he beganne to stoupe for age,
and that he had given over as a man at the last cast, to
bcare office any longer in the state : tbev saw plaincly he
was ambitious beyond measure, to suffer himselfe in olde age
to be overcome with such youthfull violence, beinge farre un-
mectc for any of his yeares. For me thinkcs his ambition
was the only cause that moved him to procure Ilaimibals
death, whicli bred him much disliking and ill opinion with
many. For, »fli-r Hiuinib'il] hiKl Red out of his owne contn*,
he watt fimt unto kinj; AntJochus: who, after he lost the
battel in Phri'gia, wat f;lud tlic HomiiiiiM ^nunted him
peace with «icn conditions as them svlvi-s would. Wherefore
Hanniball lied agoine from him, and after he had long
wandered up and downe, at the length he came to the realme
of Bithjnia, and remained there alioiit king Frusios, the
Romaities knowingo it well enough : and bicause Haimiboll
was then on otde broken man, of no force nor power, and one
whoroc fortune had spumed at her fcete, they made no more
Tcckening of him. But Titus being sent Ambassador by
the Senate, unto Prusios kingc of Bithvnis, and finding
Hanniball there, it giicved him to see him alive. So that
notwithstanding Prusios innrvelotisly intieated him, to take
pitic ap<m Hanniball, a pnore oldc man, and his frend who
103
FLAMINIUS
LuduD Qnia-
tiu* restored
to )i)« plnce hj
the people.
T. Qulatiua
ambition.
T. gtilnUuB
cauM of
Hniinilialls
dutli.
Titiw »«it
Amhoisnitor
unto I'rukJAS
kinft of
Bitliyui*,
Httnnibal
deoeived by
aa ondeeoD
dt»th.
H-nnihnll
IcoPt at
LtbYMn in
BitnTnio.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
FLAMIXIUS cAtuc to hiin for succor: vet lii' collide not piTswodt' 'ntua
to be content he ehoulil iivi;. Haiiniball long before hod
rcctivcd oiinswer of his death from lui omele, to this effect :
Th< liulije of Lybitt, Bhall covtr uader mowld*,
Th9 ndlirat corpn of IlatinitiHll, wbeu he U dead kod oolde.
So Hannihall understootic that of I.ybia, as if he Mhoutd
have dyed in Afiieke, and bene buried in Carthage, 1"here
is a certains sandy contry in Btthynia neer« to the seaes
side, where there is a htlc viltace called Libyssa, and
where Hanniball rvmained continually. He mistrusting king
1'riinia^ fayntA^' harte, and fearing the Romaincs ittalicr also,
had nuviv seven ])rivy cttvew and vntilt<« under grounde longe
bi'fori.> ttifkt he miglit secretly go out at vither of them which
wuy l)e noulde, and every one of them came to the maine
Tault wher<^ him selfe did lye, and eoulde not be dioeemw)
outwardly. When it was tolde him that I'itus had willeil
PrutiiaK to deliver him into his haiidcs, he sought tlien to
save him selfe by those inynes: but he found that all tlie
vcntes out, had watch and ward apon them by the kinees
com maun dement. So then he tletemiined to )(ilt liim selfe.
Now some say, that he wounde a Hiinen towell hanle about
his neeke, and comniaundi<d one of his men he should set his
knee upon his buttocke, an<] wayitig hard upon him, holding
tJie towcll fiist he should pull hii* neckc backeward with nU
the powiT atid stn-ngth he <'Oiild, and never linne iirc«<<ing on
him, till he hiwl strangled him. Other wiy that tie dmttcke
bulU-s IiIikkI, Us Mida^i and Thcmi.stncleit had done l>efnre
him. But. 'ntUH Livitts wryteth, tliat he had poysoii which
be kept fur »<uch a purpose, and tempered it in a cuppe he
lielde ill bis han<los, and before he dranke, be spake these
wordes : Come on, let us deli»-er tijc Homaiues of this great
care, sith my life is so grievous to them, that they thinke it
to long ta tai-y the nnturall death of a poore old man, whom
they hate so much : and yet 'I'itus by this shall winue no
honorable victorie, nor wortbic the memoric of the auneient
Homaines, who advortised king IVrrus Uieir dR^my, even
when he made warrea with them, and had wotint- battels
of them, that he ithould bcwan^ of puyMniing which was
intended towards him. And tlii« was Hatmiballs ende, as we
104
Bamiballfi
dMtli.
MUaaand
liamivtoelM
pojnmned
tliom RulvM.
Hsaiuballii
laat wordM.
k
I
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
finde it vrrytU-ii. 'I'he m-wtrs wlR'n^if iieing comt- to H»inc
unta the innate, inany of them thought 'I'ituit to violent aiid
cruell, to have made tlaniiiball kill him selfe in that iturte,
when eitreamity of age had oveitonie liim already, and was
as a birde left naked, tier feathers fallinge from her for age :
and so much the more, bicaune there tvas tio instant occasion
offered him to urge him to doe it, but a covetous minde of
honor, for that be would be chronicled to be the cauae
and author of Hniiniballs death. /Vnd then in eontmri*
«ri»e they did niiirh honor nnd coninicnd the clemency and
noble minde "f Seinio Afrienn. Who having ovcnronieii
Hainiiluilt in l>atte]l, in Africko Kelft-, and lieinfr then in
deede to b«: feantl, and tiad bene never oviTeouH- l>eft>rc:
yet he did not eau-M- him to Ite ilriven out of bia afiitiyi
neither did aske him of the Carthaginians, but boUi then,
and before the battel, when he jwrleJ with him of peace, he
tookc Hannibal curteoiisly by the hand, and after the bnttell,
in thccondicionisof i>eace he gave tbem, he never !i]>ake word
of hurt to Hiiniiibidls [xrson, neither did he shew niiy cniclty
to him in his tniwiy. ' ^Vnd they teJl how u(Vi-w«nle» Ihey
met agaiiK- tof^iilier in the cily i>r E[)hi«ii.<, and as they
were walkiiige, t)uit HnimilMll toiike the upner band of
Scinio : and that Seipio liare it jiaciently, ana left, not of
wolkir^ for that, neither shewed ajiy countenaunce of inis-
Kking. And in entring into discourse of many matters,
ther chscendcd in the cnde to Inlke of auncient C^ptaines :
and Hannibull gave judgement, that Alexander the great
was the famouscst Cnpttdne, Pymi^ the «eeond, and him
adfe the tiiinle. Ilien Scipio smilingi-, gently asked him:
What wotddest thou say th^^l, if I had not overcome thtv 'f
Truely, <|iio<l Hanniliall, I would not tlien put my nelfe the
third man, but tlie tirnt, an<l above all the Captained that
ever were. So divers gn^atly coniinending the goodly say-
inga and deedes of Scipio, did niarveloiisly mislike Titus,
for that he had (as a man may say) lajed nis biuides upon
the death of an other man. Other to the contrary agoine
sayd, it was well done of him, suyinge, that Hanniboll so
loiu^ as he lived, was a lire to the Kinpirv of the Romoinc:),
which locked but one to blow it : and that wbeo be w»» in
3:0 105
FL.U!INIirs
[.ixilie in
PrrrnR life
for xhenUrtj
nt liagt.
Scipio Afri-
duisdemeney
cumiiieiideil.
Talkt! betwixt
Kcipio African
aua Uaonilial.
HannnMli
juilgem«at«f
Captaiaw.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
FLAMINItJS his bi-wt furco »xn\ lusty itgv, it was not his hundc nor l>o())F
thnl tmubtcd the Komnim-K, so much, but his ^-ut wLK;iiumf
«]iil skill he hiul ill tlic whitc-k, and the nmrtiul lintc lii- l»ire
m his hart tdWJinU-s the lltnnitiiu-s, whidi iivitticr ji-ttH'S,
neither age wtmld dimiiiinhe or take tiway. For inen.s luitumil
oondicions <1» n-nmitie atill, but fortune doth not alwayes
keepe hi a state, but ehaungidh xlil, aiid tliiii (juickeiieth up
our desireit to set willingly upjion thone timt warre against
us, bicause they hate us in tlieir hartes. Tlie thinges which
fell out afterwards, did (rnfatly prove the reasons brought
out for this purpose, in discliarge of Titus, For one ArJB-
AriNtmiicuiL tonicus, sonnc of a daughter of a player upon the cithemc,
undiT the fame and glory of Eiimenui, whose bastard he was,
filled all Asia with warrc and rvbrllion, by reason the [leoplv
Mllhrldstes. f•*='^^ in his fiivor. Afjaiue Mithri<Inle-i, afl*'r so niiuiy los»i»
lie had received against Syllit mid Findiriit, wid after so Hiiuiy
aruiiet overthroweti by liattell tui<i wamH, and aft<.i' tto iiiiiny
famous Captaines lost lutd killed : did yet recover againe,
and came to be of great power liotii by sea and land against
Lucullus. Tmelv Ilannilial was uo loner brought then
Miriui. Caius Marius had bene. For he had a king to his frend,
that gave him entertainment for him and his family, iind
made liim Adminvll of his shipi>es, and Generull of his horee-
men and f<M>tetnen in the tield. Marius also went up and
downv Africke a begging for h'w living, insomueh as his
eD«nii<s< at Kome moekmi him to acornv : and niKine nStn
notwitJistanding tht-y fell downe nt hi> feete befoni him,
when they s.'iu' they were whipped, murtliered, und slaine
within Itiiine by his cnmmaundement. Tlius we see no num
can say eertainely he is nieane or great, by reason of the utieer*
tainty of thiugea to come: consideringe tliere is but one dt-ath,
and chaunge of better life. Some sav also, tliat Titus did not
this act alone, and of his ownc autfiority ; but that he was
sent Ambassador witli I.ueius Seipto to no other end, but to
IHit Hfumitmll to death, by what mcancs soever they eould.
■'urthernion: rdler this AmW'wsade, we do not finde any not-
able thing written cif I'jtu* worthy of memory, neither in
pence, nor in warrett. For he died <(uietely of natuiall
death at home i» hi» coutri«>.
106
To be ni«4iiie
or Kr«*t In
tills life Is
Dothiiijic :
but death
brin^etii tbo
ntimHioa.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
THE COMPARISON OF TITUS QUIN-
TIUS FLAMINIUS WITH PHU.OP(EMEN
time
i» tinif nowc wc pome to compare them T. Qulutiiu
togi-ther. Therefore mt tuuchinge the beuefiu unto
great Ix^efitt that cnitiv to the Grvecians, Oreec*
iH-ithi-r Philoptenn-ii, nor all the other
former Cnfititiiiet lav to be coni|Min.-(I with
'I'itu*. For all the Aiinciciit C^tptiLin<»
almost being Greeciann, made warns with
other Greecians: but 'Htuft beinge a
Romainc, and no Greeeian, made warres for the liberty of
Grceee. When Philopcrmen was not able to helpe his poore
citi/ens distrewed sore, and vexed with wanvs, he sayled
away into C'reta- Titus having overcome I'bitip kinge of
Macedon in biittell, did restore a^ine to liberty all the
C[>le and cilii-ji of tJic xauio, which were kept Wforc io
dnge. Atid if any wil narrowly examine the battella
of eitfii.T partie : they shall finde, tiiat rhiloi>trmon being
Gvnendl of tl»- AoIiaiai).4, made more Greccnans to Ih- >laine,
then 'ntuH did of the JVlacedonians, lightinjre witli them for
tlie liberty of the (irwviaHs, And for IJieir iiiijwrfectioiw,
the one of them was ambitious, thi^ other was as obstinate :
the one was quicke and sodainly angered, the otliei- was very
hard to be poeified. Titus left kings Philip his reakne ana
crowne after he had overcome him, and used grcat clemency
towardes tlie -■Ktoliwis: where I'liilopcemen for spite, and PhiIolKf^-
malicc. tooke townes and villiiges (rom his ownc native '"'"'*• "•aHw-
contrv. and city, when-iii he was bunie, that had alwayes
payed thein tribute. Furthermore, Titus continued a sounde
ircnd to tli«n, to whonie he had once pnife!«txl frcndshipiw,
and done pleasure unto: and I'liiloptcmen, in a geare and
ai^;er, was ready to take away that he had given, and to
overthrow the pleaaure and good tunie he had iihewed. For
Philopcemen witen he had done the Laeedannonians great
107
KUMINIUS
PHILO-
I'UfMKN
Titus Quin-
liuswieerthtn
Ptiilo^men.
Quiiitius
comitiauuded
good
«ouldlsra :
Philopnimpli
mode good
louldiun.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
pli.'!n.-<un>, (lid afterwards rase the walls of their city, and
MiKwled and destroyed all their contry : and lastly, overthrew
UKiT whole govemnMnit. It seemcth also by reason of bit
immoderate cnoller, he was him selfc cause of nis owno death,
for that he made mori- hjist tlicn good sjjcedt, to RO out of
time to set i>pon thuKcr of Mt^na : aiiu not us 'ntiis, who
did all his affaires with uHsL-domi', and wcr conxidt-nxl wluit
was best to he done. But if we looke into the number of
battells, and victories : the waire which Titus made a^mt
Pliiti|j was ended witli two battvllN. Whereas Philo[Mi:men
in inlinitL- battelln in whidi he had tlie l>etter, never left it
doutfull, but that his akill did ever helpe him tlie more to
victory, then the good fortune he had. Moreover, Titus
waiuie honor by meanes of the power of Home, when it
Horished most, and was in best prosperitie: I'hilopccmcn
made him aclfe famous by his dcedcs, when Greece begannc
to stoupe and finll all together. So that the deedcs of the
one, were common to all the Romaincs: and the dcdes of
the other, were privat*' to hinwelfe nlone. For I'ltus wu*
General over c^ood and vulliant nouldiers, that wen- alreiuly
trained to hiM hand : Mid Fhilofxcineii bi.-inf; choM-n &-uenJl,
did traine hit men him a^lfe, and made theoi aAerwarda
very ex|H-rt and valliant, tliat were hut meanc and grevne
soiildierN l>efore. And whereas Philopa'men had eontinunll
warrt-s wiUi the Greeciaiis, it was not for ajiy good fortune
he hnd, but that it mode a ccrtaine proofe of his vatliant-
nesse. For where all other thingcs are aunswerahle to his,
there we must judtc that such as overcome, have the roort
coraee. Now Phiropccnien making waircs with the most
warhke nations of nil Greece, (as the Crettms, and the Lace-
da?monians) did overcome the Hubtillest of them, bv finencsse
and policy: luid the imwt valliant, by prowex «ud hurdincese.
But Titus <iviTc«iiu-, by puttine thnt only in practise, which
WOK dlreiuly foimd and st&bliiJied : as the dLicipline of the
warrcis, and order of Imttell, in the which his souldient hod
longi^ before l>ene trained. Whereas Fhilopcemen broufj;ht
into his contry, both the one and the other, and altered all
the order which before they were accustomed unto. So tliat
tlie chiefest point bow to winoe a battell, was found out a
108
N
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
new, and brought in by the otu', intu n )iliux- wHitl- it was
orrcr before : and oiw\y vmploynl bv th« utlivr, vrliich oould
vcnr good skill to use it, and h&a fnundc it out abv«dy
beiore. Againe, totichiiig the valliant actes done in th«
p«noD of them selves, many notable actt^ may be told
of Philoptemen, but none of I'ittis : but rather to the con-
trary. For there was one Archcdcnius an .i£toHan, who
flowtinge Titus one day, sayd in his reproche: that at a
day of battell, when Philoparmcn rannc with his sword in
his hande, to that side where he saw the Macedonians fight-
ing, and making hed agninst the enemy, Titus held up his
haods unto hcjivni, and vns biisiv nt bin prayent to the gods,
not stirring wne fiwte, when it wiw morv limt- to handle tbe
swunl, and to tight of all tiandi-n. All the goodly iltHiten
Titu.t ever did, were done alwaieti as a Consul, or lieutenant,
or A Mngi.Htrate : whereas Philoptemen shewed him selfe unto
the At^baians, a man no lesw valliant, and of execution,
being out of office, then when he was a GeiicralL For
when he was a Generall, he did drive Nabis the tyran of the
I.Aceda?niouiaas out of iMes^ina, and delivered tbe Ate^enians
out of bondage : and being a privuto man, be shut the gates
of the citv of Sparta, in tbe fiice of Ilioiibaiies (Generall of
the Adiuuins) anil of Titu.t Qiiintiiis Fuimiiiius, mid kept
them iK>th from commingt- in, and thereby saveil tiiK dty
from sacking. IIiuk Inking boriu- to u)iiiniaunde, lie knew
not only how to cominaiinde necimling lo the law, but could
commaund tlie law it Kclfe apon necessity, and when the
common wealth required it. i-'or at such a time he would
not tary, while tlie Magistrates which sbould goveme him,
did gevc him authority to commaimd, but be tookc it of
him sclfe, and used them when the time served : esteeniing
him in deede their Gi'neralt, that knew better then they
what was to be tJoiie, tbcn him wlium they cbose of them
selves. An<l tJjerefon^ they <loe wt-ll, ttwit doi- eomuieiide
T1tu» actt-s, for his clemency, and ciirtwie, used lo tbe
Gnrvrians: but much mon- the noble aiul valliant aetes of
Philopnemen unto the Komaincs. For it is much easier
to pleasure and gratilie the weake, then it Is to hurt and
resiflt the strong. 'I'herfore, sithence we have throughly
FLAMINnrS
Ann
PHILO-
It£MI£N
A G«n(ir>]l
inuct nut bo «t
liii jiraycm,
when tie
■huuld UL'cujiy
liis ^iDonl.
Suiutius
emency to
thetireaciaiu:
l'hil<i|)[(>-
mcne* Idv« to
the RnmninM.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
PLAMTN'lUS exAtninctl, nni) com|>»r(xl the one with the other : it in rery
tianJt- tu jii^Ki' rtlu>gi.'tlicr the difTcrcQCc that is betwene
theni. Fi-nuKiiitun- thvrefoiT tht- judccmcnt wouldc not
seenie very ill, if we di)t- gt-vi- tht- Grwtian, for di«a-
pline of warn,-, the |>rehi'inincncc ftiid jiraisc of a good
Captaiue: and to the RoiiiaiiH-, for justice and
clemenc}', the name and dignity of u most
Just and curteous gt-ntlt^innn.
THE END£ OP TtTUS QCINTIUS FLAUIXIU8 LIFE
AND
IHEMBN
THE LIFE OF PYRRUS
Pyrriiii kin- l|b^Mnuc^r7b£||1' i** written, that since Noes floiid, the first
rM, nnd be- jvWfi ItK?1 kiiigof theThesprot!anfl,a!id of the Molos-
pnnin^ofthe {fo-^*^ H^wC sians, was I'hai-ton, imc of those who came
ofX'r'^ M^ 8^ "'"' l'*"'a*g"«' into thf rt-nlmc ofEpirus.
i6)_Wr ^Zj) 2}„t some g^y otherwise, tlwit Deucalion,
nnd liis wife Pyrni remained then.-, after
they liiul built itnd foiin()<-d the temple of
Dodone, in the contry nf the M(>Int(<tinn)i,
But lioM»(ie\'er it was, ii great while alter that, Neojitoleniun
the Sonne of Achilles, bringing thither a great number of
people with him, conquered the oontry, and after him left
a succession of kinges, which were called after his name, the
Pyrrides: bicause that from his infancy he wa« sumamed
Pyrrus. redd. I'yrrus, as much to say, as i-eddc : and one of his legittinuite
sonncK whom he had by Ijinassji, the danfihter of Cleodcs,
the Konne of Hilhis, was also numed by him Pymi*. And
Ihi* is Uie rmisc why Achilles is honond ns n god in Fpini*,
hriiige cJilled in their Inngiinge, A»|K'tos, that i* to stay,
mighty, or very grmt. But from Ihe fintt kitiges of that
race untiti tlie time of TliarrytaR, there is no meraor)- nor
mencion made of them, nor of their power that raimied in
the iDcane time, bicause they all I>ecame verj- barliarous,
an<l utterly voydc of civility, "ninrrytas was m deede the
fint that beautified the cities of his contry with the Grecian
110
I
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
ton^e, brought in civil) lavrcs aiid customes, and luadc liis PVRRUS
name farooie to the posterity Uuit followecL This Timrrytas
left a Sonne called Alvcta», of jVlcttas came Arymbos, of
An-iiibns and Troindo his wife, ciinic yEiicides, who ninried
PhthJa, the dau^jhtcr of Meiuin TtM-vsdlijiii : A fiitnoiis iiuui
in the time of tJie nitrres stininiiu'd l^iniiu'u.v, mid one that
had fam-greiitiTiuitliorily llu-n unv ntlurof thecoiifaleratt*,
nAvf LeoHtlients. This .-I'laciileH liad two danghten by his
wife Fhthia, to say, Deidatiiin and Troinde, and one mnne
called fyiTUH. In Iiih time the MoloasiaiiH rebelled, drave
him out of his kirigdome. and put the erowne into the handH
of the sonnes of Neoptolenuis, Whereupon all the frends of
jKaades that could be taken, were generally murdered, and
slaine outright jVndrodides, and Angelns in the racane time
stale sway iSirus, being yet but a suckling bnhc (whome his Huw i'jnrua
envmies ncvertiielcsse egerly sought for to have destroyed) being ■n bl-
and fled awfty with him as fiwt wi [wssihly they might, with ^y^"*
ft* »ervuunt«, his mtrx-s »n«l newssary wonieu only to h>oko
lo the cliilde, and give it sucke: by n-a^on wlirn'i>f tiieir
flight waa mudi hindered, mo aa they could go no great
jorneys, hut Uia^ tliey might easily )>e overtaken by tlieni
tJiat followed. For which cause they put the childe into
the handes of Androclion, IIi|)])ifts, and Neajider, three lusty
young men, whome tliey trustcil with liini, and connimiin<!c<i
tbian to runne for life to a certaine citie of Itlaeedon, called
MegSTCs: and they them selv^-s in the meaiie time, {Mtrtely Mc^tnrH^
bv mtrv«tv, «iid iwirtelv by force, miule stay of those that \^^^
followed them till riiglit. So a« with mnch a doc havinec *'»^*"''
driven them backe, Uiey rnnne after thetn tluit enrivd the
childv Pyrrus, whom tney overttxike at suiuh- set. ^Vnd
now, wening they had bene safe, and out of all dniiiiger ;
tliey found it cleanc contrary. For when they came to the
river under the towne valles of Megares, they saw it !>o
Rn^h and snift, that it made them afrayed to beholde it :
ana when they gngtd the forde, they found it unpoasible
to wade through, it van so sore risen and troubled with the
fall of the rfunc, besides that the darkcncssc of the night
made cvciy tiling seemc fc«ircful unto tlu'm. So as they now
that caricd the child, thought it not good to venter the
111
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
PYRRUS pasaa^ over of themselves alone, with the women that
tended the cMlde : but hearing certaine contrymen on the
other side, they prayed and besought tliem in the name
of the eocldes, that they would helpc them to passe over
the child, showing Pyrrus unto them a farre of. But the
coutrynicn by n-asoii of the ronringc of the river utiderstoode
them not. Thus tht-y continued ii Umff! space, the one cry-
ing", tile other lystning, yet could they not inulervt^ind one
an other, til at the hut one of the (■oni()«.Hy li(-tlii>uf;ht him
m:\te to )>ill of n ]H.-(.i;e of the barkc of an ukv, mid upon that
he wrote with the tongue of a buckle, the hard fortune and
necessity of the ehilde. Which he tyed to a stone to geve
it weignt, and bo threw it over to the other aide of the
river : other say that he did pricke the barkc through with
the point of a dart which lie cast over. The conb'ynien on
the other side of the river, havinge red what was wi^ten,
and understanding thereby the present diiunger the chilue was
in : felleil downe tm-M in all the hast they could poiwibty,
boundv them togi^ther, and ho pa-wed over the river. And
it fortuned that the (ir»t niait of them that juumxI over, and
tooke the child, was called Aehitles: tlie rettiduv of the
contrymen [MLssed over also, and tooke the other that came
with the ehilde, and conveyed thi-ni over an they came first
to hand. And thus liaving escaped their hands, by easie
OUuolwking jomeys they eame at the length unto Glaucias kmg of
oflllrHa. Illyria, whom they found in his house sitting by his wift:
and laved downe the childc in the middest of the flower
Ix'foR'liim, The king hereuj)[K)n utayed a long time with-
out uttering any one word, waving with him telfe what was
best to he (lime : bicausv of the feare he had of Omsander, a
inortall enemy of yl<]addes. In the meane time, the ehilde
l^rru.i creeping of all foure, tooke hold of tlie kingei* gowne,
and scrawled up by that, and so got up on his feete againnt
tlie kings knees. At the first, the king laughed to *ee the
childc: but after it pitied him againe, hicause the child
seemed like an humble suter that came to seeke sanctu&iy
in his arnie». Other Miy that Pyrrus came not to Glaudas,
but unto the alter of the familiar gods, alongcst the which
he got up on his feete, and embraced it with ootli his hands.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Which Ghtucios imagining to be done by gods proridencc,
pnsciitly dclivcrt'ci Uii- chilJc to hU vnh, guvc her tin- charge
of him. luul will»i h4.T to fx him brought uu with his ownc.
FShorteiy after, his cnrmies sent to tleinauitde the childc of
him : and muivorer, Ciis«nd«f caiued two hundred talenta
to be oftt-red him, to delirer the childe Fymis into his
handes. Uowet>eit tilaucias vould never graunt thereunto,
but contrarily, w)ieii Pyrrus was comen to twelve yearea
oldc, brouEht him into ]m contry of Kpims with an army,
And stablished him king of the realme againe. Pymis had
a great mftjesty in his countenaunce, but yet in deedc mor«
fcarefull then frcndly. lie had also no teeth in hi§ upper
Ce that stoodc distinctly one from an other, but one whole
e through out his gomme, markttl n litlc at the top onlV)
with pcrtaiiie riftt-s in the pbu-c where the teeth slioidil bt*
de\-ided. ^fcn lieldv opinion al«o, that he did hvale them
that were ^ckc of tlie upleiiv, by NAcrifidngi> n white cocke,
and toitdtinge the place of the splenc on the left side of
them that were sieke, softely with his right foote, they lying
on their tMcken: and there wa* not so poore nor iiimple a
man that craved Uiis remedy of him, hut he gave it him,
and tooke the cocke he ascrificed, for reward of the remedy,
which pleased him very well. They say also that the grwit
toe of his right foote had some secrete vcrtiic in it. For
when he waa dead, and that they had burnt all jmrtes of
his body, and consumed it to ashes : his great tw wax
wliolc, and had no hurt at all. But of that, we will wryt*.-
more hereafttT. Now, when he was seventwue yenrcs of age,
flunking him sdfc sure enough of lii» kiiigdomo, it chaunced
liim to make a jomey into lUyria, where he niaried one of
GInucias daught<-rs, with whom hi' hwl bene brought up.
Hut his iMckv wan no Mxtncr turned, but the Moloi^ians
rebelled agaiiH' (if^rt«t him, and drave out bis frends, and
servaunis, and ih^troycd all his guods, and yehied tliem-
setves unt" hi* advewary Ncoptolemus. King ("yrrus having
thus lost his kingdom, and seeing himself forsaken on all sides,
went to Demetrius (Antigonus winnc) that had maried his
sister Deidamia, who in her young age was assured to Alex-
ander, the sonne of Alexander the great, and of Roxnnc-, and
3:P 113
PYRRU8
Pyrrua ooan-
teuHUDce and
teetli.
Pymis benled .
them tbAt
wensickeof
theiplefifc
Thfifier
pouhl not
l>URi« Pyrnia
gT«attoe.
Prmsi
Ukeaftan
liim in hi*
alit«uc«.
Uemi'tnuit, put Utem all to flight
aiid was worthely reputed for the va]
them all, Furtliermore, when Dem
had lost the battcll : Pymti never
fully did kecpe for him the cities
into his hands. ^Vnd afterwards wl
betwixt Demetrius aiid I'tnloiiiie, Vy
for Dcmotrius into tite rvfdmc of /f
Ptttlomii- knovf (Ixjth in hunting)', n
his [HTWint-) that In* was vory xtnii
endure any labor. Purtliemiore pt
tunongcHt all kins Ptoloroies wives,
e&teemt-d of her tiufibande, both for
dome : he liegannc to entcrtainc an
the nst. For he was a man tliat coi
Pymi* him sclfc towardos the great (by w
behaviur. benefit) and knewe also Itou- to ere
and in tike manner was he a gr^at t
such n» wiTe his inferiors. Moreover
marwioiis honorabk* and of fayvr com
PTirasnarted In-forc all oUkt young prtiKcs to be
lo^itlgouB giiim, tlie dnuglitiT of Qiiwne IWrcn
SphniffiiK 1'1'ilip. iHfore «he mu niari«l unto Pt
ofMnoodon, forth growing through tl« aliynnce
nml of bin and more into estimacioii and favor
wife Hcrunioe. Antigona, who shcwcKl her nelfe vet
towardce him : he found meanes in
men and money to retume againe int
Pjrres ny and to eomjuer it : so was he then
Lchired to bb Ulc ri-nnlr nnd fhr ]m\tm^a^dkt
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
him. Whereupon it was agreed brtwcnt- them, tliut tJiey pyBRDS
sbmild both together be kingcs of Epirus. But in procwse PjrniB ilevid-<
of time, some of their men secretly made rtrifc ngainf be- !j^uJ^^^
twcne tlK'm, find set them at dtrfyance one with lui other: ^^eu^Iemui.!
and the chJefest cause as it i» sny<»l, tluit Aiievrod I'yrrua
moHt, gix'w (i]K>n this. Th« kinst'^ of Kpirus liiul nn nuiicieiit
cUNtoinv of grvnt iintiquitv, after they luul nifttle .tolemiie
•acrificv uuto lupittT MiirtiNll, (in a eertaine place in tJie
province of Molo»side, called I'at.-iaron) to take tlit-Jr othe,
and to l>e sworoe to the Epirotcti, that they would raigne
well aiid juKtIy, acconiinge to Uie lawes and ordinauiices of
the contry : and to reci-ive the subiectes othes interchaunge-
ably also, that they would defeiM and maintaine them in
their kingdorae, according to the ]A¥res in like nuuicr. Thia
ceremony was done in the presence of both the kingcs, and
they witn Uieir firendes did both gcvc and receive prescnttfs
cchi' of other. At this nicetingv and soh^mnity. amongc
other, one Gelon a most faitLfiill servuiiiit iiud assured frt-i>d
unto N(wptoiemiifl, who Ix-sidcs jjreat showcs of frtiidshippe
anil honor he did tint" i\rru«, gave him two imyer of
draugtit oxen, which one MyrtihiK a ciip|»elH-arer of Pyrrus
beinge un.-«ent, and »eeiii^^, did crave of hf.t niiiNtt-r. But
Pym» diniyed to gevi* them unto him whereat MyrtihiH was
very angry. Geloit perceivinge tliat Myrtilus wa-i angry,
prayed nim to ^uppe with him that night. Now some say,
he sought to abu£e Myrtdlus, bicause he was faycr and
yotmge : and begannc to perswade him after supper to take
parte with Neoptolemus. and to |xiyson I'yrrus, Myrtiius
nude OS though he was wilUng to am corv to tliis
penwiuion, and to be well pleoMtl wiUiall. But i» the
nwcnc time, Ih- went and toldv hi.s master of it, by whose
com maun dement he made Alexicrat<«, Pymi» ehiefv cuppe-
bearer, to UUke with Gelon about tliiK pnu.-t)M.-, as though
he had aW> geven hi.i oonsLOt to it, and wn.t willingc
to be partaker of Uie enterpri.se. 'I'hia did I*yrru» to
have two witiicsot, to prove the pretended poyMiiiingc of
him. ThuD Gelon beinge finely deceived, and Ne(>])toiemits
also with him, both iniaginiugc they had cunningly Hi>onne
the tbrede of tlieir trca&on : Neoptolemus vas so glad of
115
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
PYRRUS it, that he could not kcpc it to him «clfc, but toW it
to ciTtaini* cif his frmdes. And on a time ^>ing to he
miTy with hia sister, ht- could not kccpc it in, hut must be
pmtliiigiif it tu h(,T,sup]>OMiignul)0(ly rifulhmitl him but her
«'ifc, bicausc then' wiw no Uvin;; crcwtntv iiei-re them, saving
Ph<fnateta Saiiion.'* wife, the kin^ chjefe henrdnian of all
his beastes, uiiit yet fiw was biycu apoii a litle bed by, and
turned towards the wall : so that »])c seeiiied as tliough ^e
had slept. But having heard all their talke, and no body
mistrusting her: the next nioniing she went to Antigona
king Pyrrus wife, and told her every worde what she had
heard Ncoptolemus say to hia sister. ]*ymis hearing thJK,
made no eounti'HHiince of any thing at that time. But
havirige itinde sacrilicc unto the goddes, he had Neoptolemun
muslue tu isupper to his hnuse, where he slue him, being well in<
l/eoptaUmua. furnicd before of the good will the chicfcst men of Uie realme
did bean- him, who wished him to dispatch Nei>ptiilemus,
ai>d not to content him selfe with a petx-e of K])ini» only,
but to follow his natumll incliimtion, Ix-ing bonie to gnaA
thingea: and for tlii.i cause therefore, tiiin Mispition fallingc
out in the meane while, he prcvent<.:il Ncoptolemus, and slue
him first. And furthermore, rcmemlKinge the pleasures he
hod received of Ptolomie and Berenice, lie named his firet
Sonne by his wife Antigona, I'tnloinie, and having built a
city in the Fresc(iiie, an lie of Kpiriis, did name it Bere-
nieidn. When he had done that, imagining great mattere
in his head, but more in his hope, he first determined with him
Kclfe howe to winne that whicli lay neerest unto bim : and to
tooke occasion by this meanes, nnt to set foote into the
Empire of Mncedon. The eldest sunne of Cassfmder, called
Antipater, put his ownc mother Thessstonica to death, and
drave his brother Alexamier out of his owne eontry, who
sent to Demetrius for het|>e, and called in Pyrrus also to bis
aydc. Demetrius beine troubled with nther matters, could
not 80 quickely go thither. And Pymw hoing arrived
tliere, demaunded for his chargi- suKteined, the citic of
Nymphtea, with all Uie sea cosstes of Macedon : and besides
all that, certaiue inndcs also that were not belongince to the
auncient cmwnc und revenues of the kinges of Maoedou,
U6
BnTcnicidn, a
city i)f Kpirus
in the He of
Prencque.
Pyrrun firnt
joniuy intu
Mftuedun.
Kinff Lfii-
tnaenua onlt <
ti> deceive
l')TTU«.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
but wt-n.' addvd unto it by foroe of annet, a.^ Ambmciu, PTRRD3
Acanuuiiii, niiil Ainphilocliia. Al) tliew, the youtifr king
Alexutdof luLviiif^i- uiito iiim, he tooku pu^iestiiuii tlteivoj*.
Mid put ;r>od garriaoiiH into tbc same in hia owne name : and
ooniiueriii^ the rest of Macedon in the name of Alexander,
put lii-o brother Aiiti)>atcr to great distrcase. In Uie nienno
time kinge Lysiniachus lacked no ffood will to lielpe
Antipftter with his force, but being busied in other matters,
had not the meant.- to doe it Howbeit knowinge very well
that I'rrrufi io acknuwli'd^nge th^- grvAt nlcasures he had
received of l^olomic, woiildc dmy him iiothinge : he deter-
mined to wryte coiintt-rfeate It'ttcrv to him in Ptolomios
name, and tlHTeby instantly to pmy nnd n:({uire him to
leave of the wnrn^ be^)nne agsinxt Anti|mtrr, und to take
of him lownrdt^! tbi- ik-frayiugv! of liin charges the siitnine of
three huiidnxl tjiiwitt's, Pymis npening the letlci-s, km-w
ntnught tliat thi.i wa.t but a fett^h and deviite of LvHiiimchtiK.
For kint; Ploliniiie* common maimer uf grtvting of tiini, which
he UKt) at t)>e beginning of hin letters, watt not in tliem
obaerved: To my sonnePyrrus, health. But in thoiie counter*
feate was, king Ptolomie, unto king I'ymia, health. Where-
upon Iw presently pronounced Lysimachus for a naughty
man : neTerthclesse, aftcrwardes he made peace with Antj-
pater, and they met together at a day appointed, to be
swome upon the sacrifices unto the articles of peace. There
were three bcastcs brought tu be sacrificed, a goate, a bu],
and a ramme : of the wliich, the ranime fell downe dead of
him sclfc before he was tondii'd, whereat all the Btouders
by fell a biugldngc. But lher« was a Sixtthsayer, one
Tlwodotitt, tluit itcrswaded Pyrriw not to swearv: saying,
that this sigiic anil token of the gods did threaten one of the Tli«Mlot
three kingt with sod&ine death. For which caiLw !*ymiBif"'**""sn*. ■
concluded no peace. Now Alexajiden warre.s Iteiiige endi-d, ^"^^"^T^
DeraetriiB notwithstanding came to him, knowing well
enough at hit) comming that Alexander had no mure iieede
of bis aide, and that he did it only but to fcare liim. Tliey
had not bene many dayes together, but thone bcganiie
to mistrust thother, ancf to spie all the waycs they could
to mtmppe echc other: but Deuietrius embradng the first
117
^la
PYRRIJS
PyTTUS
qunrrfill nnd
wiirrp with
Demctriui.
Pnntnitchuii,
J)cmctriu«
LteuU-iiHut ill
JKtoUn.
teht, with
nntauchus.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
oocofiion offered, prevented Alexander, and slue hini, being
a young man, and proclaimed Inni selfe king of Maccdon
in his ruonie. Now Demetrius had certalnc qufureUs
Ix-fon- against Pyrrus, hicausi- he had overrunne the contry
iif Thcssalic : and fiirtlwrmorc, grttfly eovetousncs to have
the njou- (wiiicli i.t a ('(muiion vice with princes and noble
men) niiulv, that Ikriiig no iiccre ncigbbours, the one ittoode
in fmn^ and niistriist of the other, an<I yet much Tn»>re after
the dcjith of Deidaiiiia. Kut now that they Ix'th oecunied
all Maci-don lietwenc them, and were to make (liviHJtiii of one
selfe kiiiijdome. Now I nay bt'f{an the matter and occasion
of (jiiarrell, to grow the greater Itetwene them. Whereupon
DcmetriuH went with his amiy to set apon the j^tolians,
and havinge conquered the eon try, left I'antailchus his
Lieuteiiaunt there with a gnat army: and him selfe in
person in the meniie time, inarched i^ainst I'yrrus, and
Pyrrus on tholher side against him, I'hcy both uiii«wd
of tnwtiiige, luid Demclrtiis soingc on fiirtlier on the one
KJdc, eiitretl into the it-alme of Kptrus, tuid brought a gn-at
nnoylt- away witli him : l*ymiii on the other nide marched on,
till he tjime to the place where PantaucI\UK was. To whome
lie gave hattell, and it was valliantly fought out bctwene
the aooItUers of lither [wirty, but specially betwene the two
Generallft. For doutlesse, Pantauclius was the valUantest
Captaine, the stowlc*t man, and of the gri-atest experience
in armes, of all the Captaines and sunldlera Demetrius had.
Whereupon, Piuitniiehtis trusting in his strength and eorsgr,
advaunced him iielfe furwurdes, an<l histcly chalengcd tlic
combat of Pyrru». Pymw tm the other side bi-ing inferior
to no king in valJiantnes, nor in de.sin^ to winne honor, a.t h«
that would ascribe unto hinixclfe the glory of Achillea, more
for the iraitjidon of his valliancy, then for that he was
diacendtd of his blood : passed through the middest of the
battel! unto the first rancke, to buckle with Pantauchus.
Thus they beganne to charge one an other, first with their
dartes, and then comming nearer, fought with their swordcs,
not only artificially, but also with great force and fury ;
untill such time as Pyrrus va» hurte in one place, and nc
hurte Pantauchus in two. The one neerc unto nU thiote and
118
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
the otiKr in hi* tegge : w* a» in the ende FymiH imulc him
tume hi* linckc, ami threw him to the ground, but never-
thdette ktllfd him not. For, so uwne a.4 h« vras downc, hi*
men tooke liiin, ami carietl him away. Hut the K]>init(4
cncoraged by the victory of their kinge, and tht- adinimtioii
of his valliantnea§e, stucke to it so histely, that in the en<l
their brake the b&ttcU of the Macedonian footeinen : and
having put them to flight, followed them so lively, that they
slewc a grv&t number of them, and tooke five thousoode
prisoner);. This overthrowe did not so much fill the hartea
of the MitCfdonifiiiK uitli angiT, for tJie losw they had
received, nor with the hate comx'ived lurninKt Pyrrus : M it
wanne PyrniK grvnt fanu- luid Itiintir, nuiKiiig hi« coragc and
valliAntncA to be woiidntl at of nil ituch im wc-rt' prencnt at
tlio battell that jaw him fight, and how he layed aimut him.
For Uiey tliought that they saw in his faoe the very life and
agility of Alexan<lcr the great, ami the right shadow aa it
were, ahowinge the force and fury of Alexander him M-Ife in
that fighL And where other kinges did but onlv counter-
featc Alexander the great in his purple garments, and in
numbers ofsouldiers and gardes about their personcs. and in a
ccrtaine facion and bowing of tlteir ncckes a title, and in utter-
ing his siK>i:h with an high voyce : I*ymi< only was like unto
liiui, aiiJ followed him in hi-t ntanduill ditties and vHlliant
acte*. Furthi-rimin-, for IiIn exix-rieiice and itkill in warlike
discipline, tJie bookes be wrote iiiin selfe theft-of, do amnly
trove and make manifest Furthermore, Uiey rejwrte, tiint
inge AntigonuM being aitked, whome he thought to be the
riteot (^ptaim^ : made aunswer, Pymis, so farre foorth aa
might live to be olde, speaking only of the Captaines of
hia time. Hut Hanniball generally sayd, Pymis was the
greatest Captaine of expenenee and skil in warres of alt
other, Scipio the second, and him selfe the third : aa we have
wrytten in the life of Scipia So itseemcth that Pyrnisgave
his whole life and sUtdy to the dixeipliiM* of wam-)>, as that
which in d«le was princely and nicetc for a king, making no
nckimiDg of nil otW knowKtlgw. And furthi-rmorc touch-
ing this matter, tliey n-{M)rte that he t>cing at a feast one
(^y* * question wa.<i aakal hitn, whom he tnought to be the
119
PYBBU8
PjrrTU*
vktury of
I'VltUucfaua.
Pjma
likened Ui
Alexander
the great
PymiadtU
ill wariike
dJBdpUnfc
HanolballB
jad^meotof
('Hptainsi,
PYRRUS
Pyrrua wise
Bunswer.
P}Tru> gtxid-
RM nad
curtenie.
CnWoo
of I'VTTU*.
PfTTUS wivw
uid children.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
best pIdj'iT of till- fluUi, P^Umhi or Opiuviajt : wlwK'unto he
auiwwi-rvd, Uial I'olj'iM'rclioii in his opinion was Uie beat
Captaint-, «a if he would have sayd, that was the only thing
n prince should seeke for, and which he ought chiefly to
h-nriu- and know. He was very gentle and familiar with hU
fn-ndes, easie to forgeve when any had offended him, and
mari'i-lous desirous to requite and acknowledge any curte&ie
or pleasure by him received. And that was the cause why
he did very impadently take the drath of vKropus, not
so much tor his death (which he kncwe was n common
thing to every living crt-ature) n» for that he was angry
with him«'!fe ne had d(.-fi.Tr<.-il Uir time no long, that time
it wlfi- hml cut him of from ail oecnxion and nicflncs to
ntjuite tliv vurte.tiea he had received of him. True it is
that money lent, may be repayed againe unto the heirex of
the lender: but yet it greveth an honest nature, when he
can not recompence the good will of the lender, of whom he
hath received the good tiume. An other time Pyrrua being
in the city of Anibracia, there were certaine of his frends
that gave him counsel to put a miughty man out of the
city that did nothing but spcakv dl of him. But he
(uuiswercci, it is Ix'tt^T (tpiiMl lie) to kcc^t- him here stJll,
spcjikiiigi.- ill of UK but t<> a fewv: Uii*n driving him away, to
make him jt|>eake ill of ua every wherf. Certain*; youthes
were brought liofore him on a time, who making inrry
togi-thiT, drinking freely, were iKilile witJi tlie king lo
upeake their pleasure of him in very unduetifull sort«. So,
Fyrnis askinge them whether it was true they sayed ao or
no : It is true, and it please yoiu" grace, sayed one of them,
wc sayed it in dcedp, and haa not our wine failed us, we had
spoken a great doale more. The king laughed at it, and
pardoned them. After the death of Antigona, he maried
many wives to incrtywc his power witball, and to gettc moe
fn-ndes. For he maritHi the datight^T of Autolvon kingc of
Fieonia, and Birc-enmt the daughter of Bardillis, king of
Illyria, and Lanaxsa, thv daughter of Agathocle», tyran of
Syracusa, that brought him for her dower tlie lie of Coruhu^
which her father had taken. By Antigona his fintt wife, he
had a soniie called Ptolomie : By f-ap*M»^ an other called
ISO
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Alexander : and by Birccnna, an other (the youngest of all) PYRRUS
called Ilclcnus: all which though they wcrv marshall men
by race and naturail inclination, yet were they brought up bv
hiDi in H-arrc«, and therein trained as it were even from their
crndell. They wryte, tliat one of hU M>nnes beingt- but a
boy, iLtked him one day to which of them h<> would leave
bis kingdome : Fymi« utinMoenrd the Iwy, To him tlint hath
tlieiharpcHt mvonle. That was much like tlie tragicall curse
wherewith (k-dipiw eurwd hU children :
Let tbem (for ra«) dmide, bnUi icuoilo, yen reiiXet anil Uiide :
WHh tranehauDt aword, niid bluody bluweo, by fvrce of mighty
hud*.
So cructt, hatcfull, and beastly is the nntiire of ambitioD
aDd desire of rule. But after this Iwttell, P)-mi8 n.-tunK'd
homeagBine to hiie contry, full nf hmior niul gloryi IiIh hitrt
highly exaltvd, and hi." minde thnxighly contented. And tu
at hix retume tltc Kpirotes hiit .tubjcctes called hini an Ki^d^^i PpvuB eallei
he auiiswered them : If I be an Ei^le, it in through you that "» Ka^^e.
I am so, for your weapons are the winges that have rajaed me
ixa. Shortely after, beinge advertised that Demetrius was
fallcn sicke, and in great daunger of death, he sodainelv went
into Maccdon, only to invade it, and to make pray thereof: Pyrrua
hovrbcit lie had in deede almost taken the whole realme, and in^'AdRtii
made him sclfc Lord of aJI without stroke striken. For be i'"****""-
came as farre as the city of Edessa, and fiKind no miiitanec :
but rather to the contrarj-, many of the eoritrv willingly
came Ut his canuw, and suliinitted them wlveti. Ine daunger
Demetrius was ui to Iih)si- hU reainie, did niovt him more:
then the diNea^te (Ln<i itickt-m^ uf his Itody. And on the other
aide, hi» freiidctt, Kervauntes, and Captaines, hsvins gathered
a great number of men of warrc together in mar^eloufl ^horte
time, marched witli great spedc towardes Pyrrus, being
eameiitly bent to do some cxploitc against him ; who being
come into Maeedon but to make a ronde oidy a])(>n them,
would not tary thcni, but fled, antt flying, lo^t parte of h'a
nwn, biciuise the Macedonians followcil him hard, and set
aiwn him by the way. But now, tlinttgli they Iwd drii-en
Pymut thiM ensily out of Ma<.'e<lon, DemetriuH for all that
did i>i)t iiuike ItgKt accompt of him : hut pretending greater
PYRRUS
Demetriuit
iirnty buUi by
laud aud »eu.
Dflmotrius
muridd
Lnnssu
Pyrni* wife.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
thingcs, (na to recover thv Ituidc-x aiul doniinions of hia
fathtT, with an ftniiy <if lui biiiuin-il thouHaiid (ightinj* men,
ami iif five hiiiulral saylv wlik'lt lii^ put to the lua) woutil not
sturiclc to iimko warrea a^intit Pycrun, neither yet leave the
M tux-don tans (whilest he was- absent) so daungerous a neigh-
bottr, and ao ill to deale withal). But lacking leasurc to
make warres with I'yrrus, concluded a peace with him, to the
ende he might witJi the more liberty !^t apon the other kingcs.
Thus now, the peace concluded betwist Uemetriun and Pyrrus,
the other kinpes and prinws he^jaonc to finde oitt Dcmetriua
intent, and wny lie had made no great prcuanition i»iul tn-ing
afrayed thenif, wrote unto I'yrrus by tneir Ambnssiidiir*,
that they wondred how he could let go such oportunity
and m'cOMion, and to tary till DemelriuN might with better
lca»ure make warrea upon him. And why lie chose ratlier
to tary and fight witli him for the aultera, temples, and
sepulchers of trie Molossians, when he ^houlde be of greater
power, and have no warres elsewhere to trouble him : theo
now that he might easily drive him out of Mocedon, having
so many things in hand, and bdng troubled as he wok in
other plaeo«. Aiitl considering also that very lately he hud
taken one of hii wives fnnij him, with tlw «tv of Coqihue.
For Luna-ssa mislikingi-, that I'yrrus loved hw other wivist
belter then her, (tiiey l»eing of a harlmrous nation) got her
unto Cor|>hue: and detiring to mary some other king, sent
for Demetrius, knowingc that he nf alt other kinges would
Koonest be wonne thereunto. Whereuppon Demetrius wait
thither, and nioried her, and left a garrison in his dtie of
Corphue, Nowe these other kinges that did advertise P)'rrus
in this sorte, them wives did trouble Demetrius in the meone
while : who tractt'd time, luid yet went on with his prefmra-
cion notwithstanding, for on the one side, Ptolomie entivd
Greetx; with a great anny by wmi, where he caused the cities
to revolt agfljnst him. And Lyminiachus on the other side
also, entring into high Macedon hy the contry of Tlimcia,
hun)t anil spoyled all as he went ryrrua alitn arminge him
selfe with tlicni, went unto the city of Bcrrcea, imagining
(as afterwardes it fell out) that Demetriat goinge against
LysimochuH, would leave all the lowe contir of Macedon
I*>Truii
juniey iiito
nlaoedon.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
naked, nrithout garrison or defence. And the sclfe same night PVRRUS
that Pvmjs departed, he imagined that king Alexander ihe I'yrrua
ercat md call him, and that also he went unto Mm, and found drewne.
him sickc in his bed, of whoui he had vurv good wordes
•ad entertain n tent : iitNomu<:h u» he prumi^t^'d to hvlpc him
tfaroughly. And Pyrrus imagiiK-d nlsi> tintt he wns ho bolde
to demAuixl nf liim againe : How (niv Lxml) etui ytni hirlpe
me, that lye »ic-ke in your bed P and ttuit Alexander mode
auiiiiwer: With my name only. And that moreover he
sodainoly tberxrvritliall got up on hi.s horse Niseo, and rode
befoie I'jmis to guide him tlie way. 'I1u« virion he had in
(us dreame, whicli made him holde, and furthennore encour-
aged him to goe on with Iiis enterprise. By which occasion,
marching forward with all spcede, in few daye§ he ended his
intended jomey to the. city of fiemra, which sodainely he
tooke at his liret comming to it : the most parte of his army
he layed in ^irrison thcR-, the reudue he w-iit awny under the
coniluct of nis (4iptuin(^?^ here /uul Un-re, to eoiKjuer the
eitiet thenailxnitx. IX-nietritis having intt^lligence hereof, and
hearing aUo lut ill rumor Uuit rttnne in hi» vJimpe amongent
the MoccdoniAiis, ilunit not It^ie tliem any further, for f'eurc
least (when Ite xhould eume nere to Lyairaaehufl beinge a
Macedonian king hy nation, and a prince cstemed far a famoua
captaine) they would shrinke from him, and take Lysimaehua
parte : for thiH cause therefore he turned agaiiic u[>Dn the
sudaine against l^yrrus, as against a straunge prinee, and ill
beloved of the Macedonians. l)ut when he came to incompc
□erv him, many coouninge from Berrcua into hiti cumpv,
blew abroade the praises of PymiH, saying, that he wo* a Pjatu
noble prince, invincible in wamw, and one that curU-ouitly pwl"**-
intreatrd all thoiw he tooke to ht« )>arty : and aniongt^t
thuw, there were otlier that ni-re no natural Maoedoniam
borne, hut M-t »n by Pyrru», and fained them selves to be
Macedonian-s who gave out, that nowe occasion was offered
to iiet them at lil>erty, front l>emctrius prowde and stately
rule, and to take kinge Pyrrus parte, that was a curtcous
prince, and one that loved souldicrs and men of warre.
ibae wordes made the most parte of Demetrius army very
doutfull, insomuch as the Macedonians looked about, to sec
1S3
PYBRUS
How Pyrrut
mrefauhead
pe«e»
Pyrrus pro-
elaitned kiuge
of Mficedon.
Macodiin
dflvidecl
betweno
Pyrrus Hnil
Lyainiachuft.
Covetfliisnen
hath no ende.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
if they could findc out Pyrrus to yelde them selves unto
him. He hfid at that present left of his hetu) peew:
by mcane whereof, iK-reeiviiig he was not kiiuwen, be
put it on iijfiiinc, finil then they knew him n fane of, by
the sight of his j^wxtly fnyi-r [iliiine, nnd the gimtea homes
which he oirieil on the t(ipiH- of his enyist. Where-
upon then; eniiic a great iiumber of Miivedunians to
his pitrte, at unto their »overaine I^rd nnd king, and
tx.'qumsl the watche word of him. Other put garlandes of
oken bowes about their header, bieauae they saw his men
crowned after that sorte. And some were so bolde also, «*
to go to Demetrius him selfe, and tell him, that in their
opinions he shoidd do very well and wisely to geve place to
fortune, and refcrre all imto Pyrrus. Demetrius heR-upon,
seeing his cautpe !n such uprore, was so uniased, that he
knewc not what way to take, but stale away secnlly, dia-
fuisetl in a tlin'dt^ bare eloke, wiil » h<K>de on his head to
epe him from knowled^:. I'yrnis foort.hwith Hcatei) uppcm
hU eam])c, tooke all that he founde, and was presently
proclaimed in the fielde, king of Maeednn. Lysim^
diu» on thothcr side, came straight thither after him, and
sayed that he had holpen to chase Demetrius out e^
his realme, and therefore claimed halfe the kitigdome with
him. Wherefore, Pyrrus not (riistinge the Macvdonions to
farre as yet, but ratlier standing in doubt of their faith :
gruunted Lysiniaeluis his desire, and thereupon devidul all
the eitita and jirovintx-s of the n-alme of Miu.'edon betwene
theni. ThiN fxirticion was profitable for them both at tliat
present, and stoode then to good ])urposc to pacilie the
warre, that otberwi.ic might .lodiiinely have risi-n tietwene
them. Hut shortly after, they foiiiid that thi.i parlieion waa
no end of their enmity, but rather a beginning of quarre!)
and dissention betwene tliem. For they wliose avance and
insatiable greedy appetite, neither the sea, the mountaioes,
nor the unhabitable desertes coulde containe, nor yet the
confynes that sejxu'ate Asia from Europe determine : howc
should they be content with tlieir owne, without usurping
others, when their frontcrs joyne so necre together, that
notJiiiig devides them P Sure it is not possible. For to say
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
truely, they are willinglj? together by the eares, havuie these
two cursed thinges rooted in them : that they continually
seekc occasion how to surprbe ecbe other, and cither of them
envies his neighbours well doing. Ilowbeit in apparaunce
they use tlicsc two tearmcs, of [>eace and warrcs, as they doe
money : usinge it as they thtnke KO*^> "*^^ aceordinge to
right and justiti-, but for llH-ir private profit. Ami tnicly
thcv <"% nH>n of furrc gn-nter honLvty, that make open wnrrL*,
lUKi avow it : then tliosi- tluit di^guuic and colour tlic delay
of titeir wicked Munwse, by thi* holy itume of jiuticv or
IteDdahip. AVhicn Pymw did truely then Vfrifie. For
desiring to Vepv DeiuetriuK dowtiv from ri.Mng an other time,
and that lie Hhould not revive agairti- ax escajicd from a tutig
(laungeruu.'i disease : he went to aide tlit (ireet-ians against
him, and was at Athen^s where they suffered him to come into
the castell, and doe sacrifice there unto the godde^tse Minerva.
But comming out of the castle againe the same day, he tolde
the Athenians he was greatly bclioldinge unto them for their
curtmc, and the great trust they had reposed in him : where-
fore to requite them agaiiie, he gave them cuunsell, never to
lufliT prinee nor king from thencefortli to enter into their
city, if they were wise, nor once open their gates unto them.
So, after that he made [>cnce with Demetrius, who within
sbortc timv beingc gone to make warrcs in Atiiit, I*yrru« yet
oooe aeaine ((>eniwuded tliercunto by Lysimaclius) caii)«d all
Thenutc to rise agaiiut him, luid went him selfe to set upon
thoM garrisons which Deiiietriu.i had left in the eitieit of
Greece, liking better to continue the Macedonians in warre,
then to leax'e them in peace : besides tliat him selfe also
was of such a nature, as could not long continue in peace.
Demetrius thus in the ende being utterly overthrowen in
Syria, Lyjimachiis seeing him selfe free from fearc on that
side, and being at good lea^ure, as ha\-ing nothing to trouble
him otherw'aycs: went straight to make warre apon l^jrrus,
who then remained ueere unto the city of Edcssa, and meet-
ing by the way with the convoy of vittvlli comming towards
him, set upon the con<hH-t«^ni, and rifl<>(l them wholly. By
this mcanoi, fint he distn-Ntui FyrriB for want of vittcis:
then he corrupted tlie princes of Macedon witJi letb^m and
125
PYRROS
I'toce, Mild
warrr, OMid
lyke ini>n>e]r>
I'yn-u* a)'il«d,
the OnecUiHJ
DonetiiuJi.
L}'BiinMhu(i
msketh wiirrs
«itb PyTriMk '
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
PYRRU8 messengeni, declaring unto them, what ^ame tiiey sust^ed
to have made a atraunger their king (whose aiinccsters had
ever bene their vassaU and subjectes) and to have turned all
those out of Macedon, thnt had bene familiar frendes of king
Alcxiinder the great. Many of the AfaerdoniunK were wonnc
by these jJcrswasionK, winch fact so feared Pyrruw, thilt
tie i)e])artetl out of Maccdon with hi« men »)f warn;, tJie
KpirotvK, and other his conft'dCTnti's : and so li»*t Macedon
by the Kelfe xamo mi-aiies hv wania- it. Kiiigi^ and princes
therefore miint not hlami^ private men, though they cliaunge
sod alter sometime for their pmfit : for thea-in tliey do but
fi^ow the example of princes, who teache them all disloyalty,
treajion, and infidelity, judging him moat worthy of eaine,
that least observetli justice and equity. So I'yrrus oeing
come home agaJne to his kingdome of Epirus, forstdiingc
Macedon altogether, furtuue made him happy enough, and
in deede he hod good mcanes to live peaoviblv ut honM>,
without any trouble, if he could have contends] him .-tulfei
only witli Uif M>vcnunty over hi.t owne imturail Hubjixtes, '
But thinking, that if \w did ii<-ilJ)(-r hurt other, ni>r that
other did hurt him, he could not tell how to iipend his time,
and by peace he should pyne away for Horow, an Homer sajd
of Acnilles;
Hu lDtiftuiBlii>d nail (lyudL' by tnkin^ vumr luiil rmt:
Allit ill t)ie wnrrei wh^fC tnivuile wan, be Uktd ever bett.
And tlius seeking matter of newe trouble, fortune pre*
scnt4.ll liitn thin occiution. AlK>ut thii> time, the Komaincs
by chaunev made warrv with the Tareiitinc^ who could
netlier Ix'an: their force, nor yet dei,iKe htm to |Mi«ifie th«
same, by retiKoii of Uie ranhnesoe, folly, aitd wickitlnvH of
their gi>veniorB, who perswaiied them to make Pyrrun tlicir
Generall, and to seiide for him for to conduct these warres:
bicause he wa§ lesae troubled at that time, then any of tlie
other kinges about them, and was esteemed of every man
also to be a noble souldier, and famous Captoine. The
elders, and wise men of tlie city, utterly mii!ilikcd that
coun»ell : but some of tlium were ]iut U> ailemx^, thmugh the
uoysc ttud fury of the puojile, who cried for warres. Some
The Tnren-
tinw hnvinice
wnrro with til e
ltinnninc-»,de-
Uirmiiic to
inuke kin;;
Pyrruu llieir
Geoerall.
Grecians and Romanes
oUu-r seeing tlietn dufked, and taken up by the multitude
in thu Diaoner, wouldc no more reftayre to thi^r cummoQ
».-winhIie!t. Ainon^ the rest, there vmn one Meton, im
lioiivxt wor^iipfuU citieen, who when tlie i\ay Y/as annn thnt
the petjple ahoulcle (.■onclude in counsel, Uie decrei- for tlte
calling in of Pj-mis: all the people of Tarentura l>eiiw
aiuieniuled, and set in the Thentcr, this Meton put &n olae
withered sarknde of flowen upon his head, and carving a
torch in his haiidv ns though he had bene drooke, and navm^c
a woman minstrell before nini playing on a pypc, went dauns-
inge in thiii goMliy unty throtigh the midde»-t of the whole
assembly. And tltL-re, (as it hitpfH-neth commonly in every
burly burly of people thnt will l>e masti-rs them selves, and
when.' nt> g<xMl onier i» kent) some of tliein clApjKxl their
hfuidtv, otla^ burst out in alau^ter, and every inansuifcred
him to doe what he luat : but they all cried out to the
woman minstrell, to play on and spare not, and to Metun
him selfe, that he slioulcf sing, and come forward. So Meton
made shewe as though he prejjared him selfe unto it : and
when thev had gevcii silence to hcare him sing, he spake
unto them with a lowd voice in tbis manner : My Lordes of
Tarentum, ye doe well sure, not to forbid them to play and
to be mery that are m disposed, whilest they may lawfiiUy
do it : and if yv Ik^ wiw, every of you also (aa many as you
be) wili take y(>ur lilierty whilc^t you may enjoy it. For
when king PymiH slinlhe in this dty, you shall live I
unirraiit yc after an uUier sorti-, ainl not tut yi- now do.
HMtic wonles of Meton moved many of the Tarentines, fuid
Bodaiuly there ran a rumor through all the tLssemhly, that
he haci sayed trttely. But they that had offended the
Komaines, fearing if peace were made, that they shoiJde be
delivered into their handes, they checked the people, asking
tlieni if they were such foolcs, as would abide to be mocked
and played Vithall to their teeth : and with those wordcfl
all ranne uppon Meton. and dmvc him out of the Theater.
The deem* tnus oonfirmi-d by voyces of the people, they sent
Ambassadors into Kpinis, to cary pn.<scntM unto king Pymis,
not only fn>m the Taitiotinw, but from i>ther Gnx-ciniis also
tiiat dwelt in Ilalitf, MiyiDg that tliey irtoodc in neede of n
1«7
PYBRUS
Mebin eoaa-
terfeatjng Dm
foule, wiselr
penwaileduifl
TnrenlinM
not to lend
fur PpTua.
Tnrentiim a
city in It»)ia.
Meton* eonn-
■ell tothe
TsrcDtinM.
The Twen-
tiuM Wilde
Ambanadan
t« Pjrrrue.
Cinu8 tlie
orator, fi
TheMfilUn
bomv, and
nttoiidiiiK
iu I'yrrun
couitc.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
PVRRUS wise Aiul skilful Captaine, tliat wan reputed famous in mar-
kUhII discipline. And as to the rest, for nuuibera of good
.sDiildiem, they had men enough in Italie, and were able to
bring an anny into the field, of the Lucamans, the Messs*
piana, the Saninitcs, and Tarentines, of twenty thowsaade
iiorec, and three hundred ihowsand footemcn being all
assembled together. Iliese wordes of the Ambassador; did
not only lift up Pyrrua harte, but made the Epirotcs aUo mnr-
vclous desirous tij go this jorney. There was in kiiige Pyrrui*
courte one Clneas ThesHnlian, a man of great undifntimding,
and that Imd bene DenicMtheneit the orators sclmUer, who
soemcHl tu he the onely man of all oUier in his time in
common reputacion, to l>e most eloquent, following the
lively image and shadow of Demosthenes ^Mssing eloquence.
This <*ineas, Pyrrus ever entertained about him, and sent
him Ambassador to the people and citjes thereabouts : where
he vereiied liiiripides wordes:
As much M trcnchnnt bliuJea, in mif^hty hiuicI«H iiuiy doe,
Ro much can skill of ol<M|uonc«, atcHievv siid conquer too.
And thcrforc I'yrrus would often say, that Cineas had wonne
him moe townes with his eloquence, then him sclfc had dune
bv the sword : for which he did greatly honor and imploy
him in all hix chicfc aH'aires. Cineas pt^reeivjrige that Pyrrus
was marvelously Iniit to tluse warre* of Italie, finding him
one liny at lawun-, di.Kcoursird with him in this sorte: It is
reported, and it plea-te your maji-sty, that the Komainen are
vtTV good men of warrv, and that they commaund many
valliant and warlike nations: if it please the goddes we due
overcome them, what benefit sliall we have of that victory ?
Pyrrus aunswored him agaiue : Thou doest aske me a question
that is manifest of it scflc. For when we have once overcome
the Romaines, there can neither Greecian nor barbarous city
in all the contiy withstande us, but we shall stj&ight conquer
all the rest of Italic with case: whose grcatnes, wealth, and
]K»wcr, no man knowcth better then thy sclfe, Cincas
pHwstn^ 11 while, replivc]: And when we have taken Italic,
what shftl we do then ? Pyrrus not finding his meaning yet,
said unto liim : Sidliaas tnou knowtst, ixnoid adjoyning to
1S8
Clnens fcrsve
telke with
Pymi", to
mndemtc hix
nmbitinu*
miadc
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
itf and doUi &* it w«re offer it selfe unto us, and is a marvd-
ous populoiu and rioh« lande, and ea&ie to be taken : for all
the cities within the llande are one against an other, having
no head that governes them, since Agathoclcs died, more
then orators only that arc their couoiicllers, who will soone
be wonne. In dede it is likely which your grace speaketh,
quod Cincas : but when wc have wonnc Sicilio, shall then our
wanes take cndv ? If the goddes were pleased, luiycd Pyrrus,
that victory were RtchieveJ : the way wc-rv then broiidc open
for us to Attj(ine gix-iit C"n<(H«ite». tor who uould not aflcr-
wardes g<x- into Africke, and w to Cartliagf, which also wiil
be an easie cotiquf*l, sincv AgathticUit .w-crctly flying from
Syracuaa, and having pa^ed tn« sew* with a fewe tthippe*,
had almost taken it? And that ona- coixjuercd, it in mart
ccrtaine there durst not one of all our enemieti that now doe
daily vexe and trouble us, lift up their headcs or handes
Munst ua. No surely, sayd CHneas: for it is a cleare case,
tn/it with so great a power we may easily recover the realme
of Miux-don againi-, and commaunde all Greece besides, with-
out let of any. But when wc have all in our bandcs : what
shall we doc in the endeP Then Pymis laughing, toldc
him Againe: We will then (good Cin«i») be quii-t, and take
our ease, and niake feiwtB every day, and bi^ «» iiu-ry one with
an other as we <7ui pimibU-. Cim-nn having broiiglit him to
that poynt, sayd againe to him : My lx>rd, what U^tteth us
now to be quiet, and mery together, wth we enioy that
presently without further travel and trouble, which we will
now go seeke for abroade, with such sheading of blood, and
so manifest daunger ? and yet we know not whether ever we
shall attainc unto it, after we have both suffered, and caused
other to suffer infinite sorowes and troubles. These last
wonloft of Cineas, did rather ofTcnde Pyrrus, then make him
Ut alter hiK minde : for he was not ignorant of the happy
state he sbmilde thereby forgoe, yet could he not leave of ttic
h<^ of that he did so mueh <lesiR-. So he sent Cincas
before unto the Tarentincs, with three thousand footcmen :
and afterwardes the Tareutinc:!! having sent him great store
of Satlwttomes, gallies, an<l of all sortes of pasKcngers,
he shipped into them twenty elephantes, three thousand
S:U 1S9
PYBRUS
juilfrranent
of oraton
curruption.
A dsuni^erous
Uiinc to with-
Htaooe the
I'lince* nind.
PYRRUS
Pyrru* ioriii'y
into lUly.
Pymis diitin-
gfr byte' II pes I
on the nea.
PyrruB curt
OQ ahoare
npon the
coiitry of the
MossjtpinriH.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
horsemen, and two and twerty thowsancle footemen, with
five hundred bowe men and slingra. All thinges thus ready,
he waycd anckera, and hoysed sayles, and waa no sooner in
the maine sea, but the north winde blew verf roueh]y, out
of scttxon, and drave him to leeward. NotwitrntAndingc, the
M\> which he was in him selff, by mv&l toile of the pilots
ATiu iiiuriners turning to wimleward, and with much a do,
ftiul manelon.s daiingvr nvovered tlie coa»t of Itjilie. How-
Iwit the rest of hi.* flwte were violently dispersed here and
there, wheivuf :<ome of them failinge thi-ir coiine into Italic,
were cast into the seas of Libya, and Kicilia. The other not
able to recover the pointe of Apulia, were benighted, and
the sea being hie wrought, by violence cast them apon
the shoare, and against the rockes, and made shipwrackcs
of them, the Admirall onely reserved, which through her
strength, and the greatnes of her burden, resisted the force
of the sea that most violently bet against her. But aft4;r-
wanls, the winde turning ana oomming from the lande, the
Kca cruelly riikinp; over llic height of her foreca*t<-ll : in fync
bnjught her in inmiifest pi-rill of iipi-iTinge, and itpUt ting, and
in daunger to bi- driven from the const, piittinge her out
ogainc to the ineny of the windes, which ehauiiged every
hower. Wherefore Pyrrus coalinge the perill every way,
thought best to leape into the aea. After bira foorthwtth
lept ois gard, his servauntes, and other his familiar frendes,
venturing their lives to save him. But the darkencs of the
night, and rage of the waves (which the shore brcakinge,
forced so to rebound baeke u|Kin them) with the great noyse
also, did so hinder their swimming : that it was even day be-
fore they oouhi recover nny lundc, and yet was it by mconcs
that the windc fell. A» for Pymis, he was so «■« bcotcn,
and wearied with the wavcit, that he was able to do no more:
thnugli of hiniJ^elfi- he had tto grt^at a harte, and ittowte a
enrage, as woji able to overcome any perill. Moreover, the
Messapians (upon whose coast the stornie had ca.st him) ran
out to helpe him, and diligently lal)ored in all they coulde
possible to save him, and received also ccrtaine of his shippes
that hod sctipcd, in which were a few horsemen, about two
thowsandc footemen, and two clcphantes. With this small
180
I
I
Pymu beitij
the Tareu-
their Tklii«
voluptuq
Ufa
I
ECIANS AND ROMANES
forcv, I*yrriis tiinrc)i<.-(l on liis jomev to goe by laiide uiito ITRRtTS
Taraitum : mid Citieas beins advtrtitied of nia oomniiiig,
went with liis men to mcetc nim. Now whei) he waa coitu:
to Tarentiini, at t)>e fint he would doe nothing by force, nor
avoinst the goodwill of the inhabitaiites: imtiU such time a.i
his shi»|)et that had escaiK-d tht- daunccrs of the sea, were
all ai'nvei), and the greatest {uirtc uf his arrny comen to-
gether againe. But nhen he hud all his tinny he looked for,
seeing that the people of Tarcntuni coidd neither save them
sdves,nor be saved by any utlurr, without straight order and
compulsion, bicausc tlicy nuide their rcvlietiing that I*Yrrus
should light fur tiiem, and in tlte mame lime tJiey would not
stinv nut of (Iwir InittNcs fmm bathing iJn-m sdvi-x, from
bnnketing, nml making good diere : lintt of ail Iti- i-humkI all
tlic {iRrktv and places of shew to be shut up, where tliey w«re
wunt to walke an<t di-inorte them selves, in any kind uf exer-
cUe, and an they waited, to taike of warres aa it were in
pastime, and to fi&ht with words, but not to come to the
blowes. And further he forbad all ft^astingcs, mommories,
and such other like nieasurvs. ss at that time were out of
season. lie trained titeiii tmt also to exercise tiieir weapons,
and shewed him sclfo very severe in must4;rs, not pardoning
any whose names were billed t«> Hervv in the warres : inso-
much as there were many (which uoiurqiininttil with such
rough handling and goveniment) fursooke the cfty alto-
gether, calling it n l>ondagi.s not to have libiTty to'livc at
their pleasure. Fiirtht'rmore, I'ymis having intelfigencv that
Lcviniw tlte Komnim: Consul t^ame asainst him with n great
puixant army, and that he was already entred into the lunde
of Lucania, where be destroyed and 8poyled}all tlic contry
before him : albeit the Tarentines aide of their confederates
was not as yet comen, he tliought it a great shame to Riiffer
his enemies apnroche so nenc him, and therefore taking that
small number ne had, brought tbcm into the lielde agajiut
Lcvinus. Ilowbcit he sent a Iwrrvuld before to the KoniaineR,
to understand of them, if (before they etitrvd into this warre)
they couldc be content the controversies they had with
oil the Grcocian?^ dwellinge in Italie, might be decided by
sfene them selves to his arbitrement,
MonhnJI
(Usciplii
Lcrinaa
(.'uniiul, tent'
TIU.
JUStlC
Herein
191
PYRRUS
Pyirut
camped iu
the plaiiie.
betwene Pan-
doaia and
Hemcten.
Slmfl.
PyTTU*
B.tteU.
Pymi* fint
conflict with
thellnRikincs.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
who of him wife would undertake the paciBcation of them.
Whereunto the Consul) I^vinus made aunswcre, that tho
Roniaincs would never allow him tor n judge, neither did
they feare him for an cneniy. Whcrfore Pymis goJn^ on
atil, came to lodge in the puiine which is betwene the cities
of Pandosia, outr of Hcniclwi : and havbig newest bn)ught
him that the Komaini^ were enuim^iil very nvre uritit him
on the othei' .side of the river of Kiri«, he tuoke his hone, and
rode to the rivers side to view their caiii^ie. So having
tliroughly eonsidi-red the forme, the hcituocion, and the
order of the same, the maner of charging their watcbe, and
all their facions of doing : he wondered much thereat. And
speaking to Megactes, one of his familiars about him, he
sayd : This order Megaclcs (quod he) though it be of bar-
barous {Kxiple, yet is it not biirlMtrouBly done, but we shall
shortely i>rove their force. Afler he had thus taken thb
view, he iKgaiirie to be more carcfull then he was iK-fotv, and
purpoik'd to tary till the whole aide of their confedenites
were eomen together, li-aviiif; men at tiie rivers side of Siris,
to kepc the passage, if the enemies ventured to pa^ac over as
they did in dede. For they made hast to pre\'ent the aide
that I'yrrua looked for, and passed their footeinen over apon
a bridge, and their honwmen at diverse fordes of the river:
insomuch as the Grcecians feariugr least they shoulde be
compassed in iM'hitide, cirt-w hacke, Pyrriis advertised there-
of, and beitig a Utle trtnibied therwithail, cumniaundetl the
Captainis* of hix footetnen presently to put their bandit in
liattell ray, and nut to itturre till they knew his pleasure:
and he hini selfe in tlie ineane time marched on with three
thowsande horse, in hope to finde the Komaines by the river
side, aa yet out of order, and utterly unprovided. But when
he saw a farre of a greater number of footemen with their
targettes ranged in battell, on this side the river, and their
horsemen marching towardes him in very good order: be
canned hi-s men to joyne close together, and him selfc lint
begaime the elmrge, being e*wie to be knowen from other, if
it luul bene no mon- but his piLssinge riche gli»t«Tinpc armor
and furniture, an<) withall, for tluit hi» vidliiuit ditlra gave
manifest proofe of his well deserved fame and rciiowiK-. Vor,
132
I
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
thouffh he valliiuitly bi-sturrwl his hunds and body both,
repulsing them he cDcountcml vrithall iti fight, yet hi>
torgsU: iiot him sdfo, tior ntvlt-'dx'd tbi; judgement &nd
fionxt^t, which nhuidd iiL-v'er be wiuiting in a General] of
•n »rmy : but a» thoueh he had not fought itt all, quietly
oih] discretly gave order for cveric thiiijji-, rydinge to and
fro, to dcfeiuie iiiu) cm-orage hi.« men in those pliieeti, wIktc
be mire tJieni in rnont diAtmtne. But er<.ii in the hottest
of the baittell, lA'oimtiLi Miu-edoiiiaii, Hpyed an Italiiui a man
of armeit, Uiat fullowed i*yrru» ujtjie niid dovme where he
went, and ever kept in manner of even hande with him,
to set apon hiui. Wherefore lie sayd to Pyrrus : >Iy Ijjnd
doe you not xe that Imrliaroai man there uppon a have
horse with white feetc? Sure he looketii as though nc
mciit to doe some notable feate and mischiefe with his ownc
handcs : for his eye is neve^ of you, but waytcth only apon
you, being sharpc set to dealc with your selfe and none otner,
and therefore take hede of him. Pyrrus aunswcred him, It
is imixNKible I^-unutuK, fur u man to avoyde his dcstinic:
but neither he, nor tmy other Itnlian whattoever, »hall liuve
any joy to de»do with me. And a.t they were talkinge thus
of the matter, the ItiUiaii taking hin niKtart: in tin' middetct,
and setting spurred to hit hone, cnitrgi^j apon PyrruK,
and ranne hJH horse through and Uirouf;h witn tlte same.
Leonatiis at the selfe same instant Kcrved the Italians horse
in the like manner, so aa both their horses felt dead to the
ground. Ilowljoit Pvmis men that were about him, saved
nim presently, mid slew tile Italian in the lielde, although
he fought it out right valliantly. 'llie Italians name was
Oplacus, bontv in the city of terentum, and was C^aptaine
of a bande of men of armtw. This niischauiiee made kinge
I^rmu looke llje better to him selfe afterwnrde*, and seeinge
bu borwmeii geve Iweke, wnt pn-wntly tu Iwwteii hi» foote-
men forward, whom )ie HtraiL;ht *ct in order of Iwttell : and
delivering Ul^ armor mitl ctoKe to one of hU familiar* called
MegacleH, and being hidden ns it were in MegaclcM armor,
returned againe to the Itattell against the Komaine», who
valiantly resbted him, so that the victory depended longe in
doubt For it is sayd, that botli the one ude and the other
133
PTBRUS'
PjfTTui wise-
dum and
funmiicbt Id i
UUeU.
[•ymis
chuifcd
his amMir
auddokfl.
■Ikine, taken
for Pyrriis.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
PYRRCS <i><I chase, uiid wns vhasvd, ulwvc tcvvn times in Uiut conflict.
Tlie cliftiingtnge of thf kiiigcs urmor wrvcd very vrdi for titt
saft^ty of Ilia owiie perM>nf, liowcbvit it wiis like U> Imvc marred
ail, hikI to have mude liiin loose Liu: fieldc. For iiiniiy of his
Euieiniii-4 »et u[i)>un Mogacles, UuiL ware the kin^ armor: and
th« partie that slue him ilea«I, and threw hiin ^tarke to the
grounde, was one Uexius by name, who ijuickely snatched of
nts head peece, tooke away his cloke, and ranne to Levinua
the Consul, crying out aJowde, that he had slaine Pyrrus, and
withall Hlicwed foorth the spoylcs he supposed to have taktn
from him. Which being c-aricd about tliroughall the hands,
and openly sliewed from hand to hand, niudc- the flomaincft
manekius joyfull, and the Grit-dans to the contrarj-, both
afenrd and ri^ht sorowfuU: untill stich time as Pyrrus ut-ani^
of it, went luid pamcd alongt-«t all his bandcs liorc fauadnl,
and han> fai-i-d, holding up hiH haiidv to Ids souldicn, and
gevinge them to uiiderhtanile with his owne voyce, that it
wat him selfe. The elephanles in the ende were they in
deede that wanne the battell, and did most distresse the
Ilomaines : for, their horses seeing them a farre of, were
sore afrayed, and durst not abide them, but caried their
masters backc in despite of them. Pyrrus at the sight
thereof, made his Thessalian horsemen to gt-vc a charge
apun them whitest they were in this disorder, and that so
lustely, as they made the Kuiuniues Hie, and sust^-ine great
slaughter. I-'or Uionysiii.t wrytetl), llittl there dyed few
lesse, then fifteene thowMUid Konminvs at that battell. But
Uieronymus speaketli onely of seven thowsande. And of
I'yrrus side, Dionysius wiyteth, there were slaine thirte«nc
thowsaiide. But Hieronymus sayth lease then foui-e Uiow.
sandc: howcbcit they were all of^the Iwst men of his armV)
and those whome most he trusted. King IVrrus presently
hereupon also tooke the Koniaines eampe, which they for-
sooke, niul wan tnnny of their cities from their allyance,
spoylvd, antl uvcrcaine niudi of their contry. Insomuch sa
hie came within six and thirty mile of Rome, whither came
to his aide, an confederates of the Taivritincn, the Lucanians,
and the Samnitea, whom he relmked bicause they ounc to
late to the battel. Howbeit a man might easily sec in his
Pymis
victory of
Lerinu* thn
Cod Hull.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
fitce^ tbftt he wtu not a litlp cltul find proudv to haw over- PYRRUS
throwen to great an (uiny of the KumAimii with his uwiie
men, And thv aide of the TnrtintinoK uiii-ly. On thothcr nde,
tl»t K(>inHiiiv« htirtw vtvrv so ereftt, that tht-y wimUl not de-
IHKte l^vintH from hU ('on.HiiUshippe, iiotwitlixtfiiidtnge the
ij«ie lie had re<«ivt^1 : nml V&iun Fftiiriciuii sayt-d (>|)tnly, that
tiiey were not the KpiroteH that had ovenroiiieii tlie Koniaines,
but iVmia had overcome Lcxinua: meaniugtberebv, that this
overthrow chaunced unto them, more through the subtilty
and wise conduction of the Gcncrall, then through the valliant
feates and worthincs of his itmiy. And hrrouppon thcv
speedily supplii-d tlieir ]egyon» Hfjaine that wen- minishi-d,
with other ncwesuuldicn in t)icdi-nd nienH plaoCiand It-nvic-d
a frmh force brides, »|)CHktng bravely niM fivrocly of this
wanVf like men whose hart«s were nothingv appawlcd.
Whereat Pyrru« nwn-elinge much, ttiougtit goou first to
tend to the Homaine*, to prove if tliey would gere any
eare to an olTer of peare, knowing right well that th«
winning of the city of Home was no easie matter to com-
paane, or attaine, witli tltat strcn^h he presently had : and
also that it would he greatly to his glory, if be could bring
them to peace after this his valliaiit victory. And hereupon CineMnent
he sent Cineas to Rome, who spake with the chicfrat of the Arntw«B«J<.r
cjtv, and offrcd prtscntes to them nnd their wives, in the *"*
befialfc of the km^ his master. Howbeit, neither mitn nor 'ni« noble
woman would receive uny lit his hnndes, but uunsweri-d all miniiaofthe
with one voyce: that if tlw pCHcv might \k gnicral to all, **"'"*"'«•■
thev all privately woulde bi- »t tJio kinges commaundemcnt,
ana wouldc l>e glad of his frendsliipne. Moreover, when
Cinea* had talked in open audience l>efore the Senate, of
many curlt^ius oflers and hail di'Jivered them profitable
eapitulacions of peace: they accepted none, nor shewed
any affection to ge>-e eare unto them, although he otfei-ed to
deliver tliem their prisoners home againe without raunaome,
that had bene taken at the battel), and promised also to aide
them in the conquest of Italic, requiring no other rccom-
pence at tbeir handcs, saving their goodwills only to his
master, and assurance for the Torcntino, that they should
not be annoyed for any thinge iKist, without demaunde of
135
PYRRUS
Clauiliui
the Romaiiie§
from ninkiiig
peace wltli
l*yiTiis.
AppiuB
Claudiuii
oratiuu to
the Seuat^.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
other matter. Neverthele!»e in the ende, when ther had
hearde the§e ofFers, many of the Senators yeclded, ano were
willinge to make peace: allvaginge that they had ah-eady
lost a crcat battell, and howe they looked for a greater,
when the forci- of the confederates of Italic ttbould joynv
together with king Pyrrus )>owit. But Appiiis Claudius,
a faiiioiit nmn, who camv no more to the SenaU*, nor ddt
in matters of state at all by reason of hb> age, and jiartcly
bicauKc he waa hlindi-: whwi he undenstoode of kingFymw
ofli-nt, and of the eoinmoii brute that ranne through Uie cityj
howe the Senate were in ininde to agree to the capitula<:ioiiis^
of peace propounded by Cineaa, he oould not abide, but
caused his servaiintes to car)- him in his ehayer apon their
armes unto the Senate dore, his sonnes, and sonnes in law
taking him in their amies, caried him so into the Senate
house. The Senate made silence to honor the comming in
of so notable and wortliy a personage : and he so soone as
they had sctte him in Im seatv, beganne to spcakc in this
sorte : ' Hitherunto with great imnacience (my Lordes of
' Rome) have I borne the losse of niy night, but now, I
' wnuld I wciv also as deafe ajt I am biindi-, that I might
' not (a» I diK') hearu Ute rep<nte of your liUhonorabk- con-
' Mdtiu'i<inH dettTniined upon m Senate, which tcnde to subvert
* tlio glorious fame and reputacioii of Home. What is now
' become of at) your great and mighty braKKC" you biased
' abroade, through the whole worlde ? that ifAlexander the
' great him selfo had come into Italie, in the time that our
' fethcrs had bene in the flower of their age. and we in the
' prime of our youth, they would not have saycd every where
'that he was altogether invincible, a* now at thin present
' they doe: but eitlier hv should have left his body slninc
* here in Imttell, or at the hitst wiw; htire bene driven to
* flie, and by liis death nr Hyingt^ xhoulde greatly have en*
* lai^-d the rwinwne and glory of Home ? you plainly nhow
* it now, that all these words spoken then, were but vaine
* and nrrogftiit vainibt of foolisli pride. Considering that you
' tremble for feare of the Molossians and Chaonians, who
* were ever a pray to the Macedonians: and that ye are
' afiaycd of Pyrrus also, who all his life time served and
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
' followi-d one of the gard u]itx> Alex&iuUr Uiv great, aad PYRRU8
* Doure is oonie to mi^e waires in th«»L- p&rtc«, not to aide
* tlie tireecittiis initabitiiig in Italie, but to tlie from hi»
* envinit^ tliere about \m owiie contry, oficnnj^ you to cuit-
* quer all tlie rest of Italic with aii anny, wherewith he yax
* notJiinA able to kepe a small parte of Macedon only for
* him 6eif& And therefore you must not pcrswade your
* Belves, that in making peace with him, you shall thereby
* be rid of him : but ratner shall you draw others to come
' and set apoo you besidvs. For thi-y will utterly despise
' you, when they sh«l hwirc ye nrv so rasily overcome, and
' that you hftvi- sxiflV-R-d I'ymis to i-scapt your hiitidi«, before
* you nuule him fvKlu Uw ju«t rewttrd uf liix IwUlv pn.%ump-
' tuous attempt upon you : varying with hjai fur a further
' hier, ttiix adviuitag« over you, tliat he hatli geven a great
* ooca^on both to the Samnites, and Tarentines, hereafttT
* to niocke and deride you.'' After that Appius tiad tolde
this tale unto tlw Senate, every one through the whole
assembly, desired rather warre then peace. They dia-
patched Ciiieas away thereupon with tJiis aunswere, that
if Pyrtus sought tl»c Itomaines frend&hippc, he must first
dvparte out of Italie, and then sende unto them to treate
of pence : but so lunge as he reuiuincd therv with his army,
the Ronuiines wofikl nuike wam'K upon him, with all the
force and power they cuuld make, yt^a altiiougb he had
overthrowen anil slaine tenne thovrsaiid ^ueh Ciiptaines a»
Leviaus wiu. They .say tltat Cineas, during the time nf his
alxtdv at Rome, inUeating for thin ^leace, did curiou&ly labor
to couHider and underiitande, the manners, order, and life of
the Uomaincti, an*) their common ireale, discoursing thereof
with the cliiefest men of tJie city : and how afterwards he
made ample reporte of the same unto i'ymis, tuid tolde him
amongent other thinges, that the Senate appeared to him, a
oounsell house of many kingiv. .\nd furthermore (for the The majettie
Dumber of people) that he fcjired ereatly they should fight of theSeuata
against such a seqK^t, as that wliich wa.t in olde time in the '^ RvikA'
marises of Lcmv, of which, when tlicy had cut of one heode,
•even other came up in tlte pUce : bicause the Constdl
Levinus luul nowc leavied oo other army, twise aa grc«t ta
»:S 137
PYRRUS
Caius Pabri-
clufi, Ai[ibiut-
sador to
Pyrru*.
Calus Fubri-
clus a Dolile
Cmptaine, but
vory poore.
Pabriciun re-
fund kiuu
Pyrrua ipAe*.
Thr opinion
ol the Kpirii-
riani touch-
iagii lielicity.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
the first was, and had left at Home also, many times ss
many good able men to cory armor. After this, there were
sent Ambassadors from Rome unto Pymis, and amougest
other, Caius Fabricius touching the state of the prisonefs,
Ciueas toldc the kinge his master, that this Fabricius was
one of the gl■c■att^Bt inenni" of u^cumpt in all Rome, a right
honest man, a good Gtptaine, and a vcrv valliant man of his
handcs, yi't [Mxirc in diwk- he was notwithstandiiiK- Pyrrus
taking him iwcretly u side, madv very much of bim, and
HDiungcst other thinges, olfered him botht- golde and silver,
prayingi; him to takv it, not for any dishonort rajKCt he
iTicnt tiiwardeK him, but only for a pledge of the goodwill
and frecidHliippe that dhould be betwene them. Fabricim
would none of his gift : so P)Trus left him for that time.
Notwithstanding, the next mominge thinkinge to feare him,
bicauae he had never scene elephant before, Pyrrus com-
niaunded his men, that when they sawe Fabricius and bim
talkinge together, they shoulde hringc one of his greatest
elephaiites, and set him harde by them, behinde a hanging:
whicli being done at a wrtaine signc by Pyrrus gwen,
sudainly the bunging was pulleil btieke, and Uie elephant
with hi* Ironcke was over Fal>ricius heade, and gave a terrible
and fwrvfull crie. Fabricius soflely geviug bncke, nothing
afrayed, laughed and sayd to I'yrrus smiling: Neither did
your golde (oh king) yesterday move me, nor your elephant
to day feare me. I'lirtliermore, whJIest they were at supper,
fallinge in talke of diverse matters, specially touchinge the
state of Greece, and the Philosophers there: Ciness by
chaunce spake of Fptcitrus, and relieareed the opinions of
the Epicurinns touching the goddcs and government of the
common wealth, how tliey placed mans chiefe felicity in
}>lca«un.% how they fled from all ofRcc and publike charge, ax
Tom ft tiling that hindereth the fruition of Inie felicity :
howe they maintained that the gi>dd<-x were immortjul,
neither moved with pity nor anger, and led an idle life full
of all pleasures and delightes, without takuig any n-earde of
mens doinges. But as he still continued this discourse,
Fabricius cried out alowdc, and sayd : The goddes graunt
that Pyrrus and the Sanmitcs were of such cmmions, as long
US
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
liud
fiATvelii
u tiK'y liud wAn«$ against xa. PymiR niArveliit); m
at th« constancy and mn^ianimity of this mwi, wus mon:
desirous a great deale to liave peace with the Komaineft, t)i«n
bi-fore. And privat«Iy prayed Fabridits very cametitly, that
he would treate for peace, whereby he niieht aflerwards
oome and reitiaine witli him, saying: that ne would give
him the chiefe place of honor about hint, amongest all hia
frendea. Wbereunto Fabricius aunswered him softly : 1'hat
were not good (oh king) for your selfe, quod he : for your
men that presently doe nonor and esteemc you, by expenence
if they once knew roe, would rather chooM me for their
lunge, then your Bclfc. Such was Fabricius talkc, whose
wordes Pymis tooke not in ill parto, neither was offended
with them ut all, as a tynui woiildi- haw bene : but did him
eelfc rvportc to his frcndes and familian thv noble mindc be
fouiule in him, and delivered him upon his fnitli only, all the
Romaine prisoners: to the cndc that if Ute Senate would
not agrw unt«i peace, Uiey niif^ht yet see tlieir frendes, and
kept tiw fcft.ft of Satunic with them, and then to send them
biockv againe unto him. Which the Senate establiiihed by
decretf, u)K)ii jiaine of death to all such as should not
pcrforme the same accordingly. Afterwardea Fabricius was
chosen Consull, and as he was tn his compc, there came a
man to him that brought him a letter from kinge Pyrrua
Phisiti&n, wrytten with his owne handcs: in which the
Phisition offered to poyson his maister, so he would promise
him a good reward, for ending the warres without further
daunger. Fabricius dctestinge the wickcdnt^ssc of the
Pbisitian, and having made Q. .Cmilius his colleague, and
fellowc Consull also, to abhorrc the Name: wrote a letter
unto Pyrrus, and had him take hecde, for there werr that
ment to poyw>n him. The contentcs of his letter were
these : C«ius Fabricius, <uid Quintus j^mylius CoiisiiLi of
Itomc, imto king Pymw greeting. You have (oh king)
made unfortunate eboinc, both of your frendes and of your
enemks, a» (hall appcare unto you by reading of this letter,
which cmc of yours hatli wrytten unto us : for you make
wtuTca witli iuit an<l honest men, and do your selfe trust
altogetfaer the wicked and unfaithfulL Hereof theifore
139
King PjTrns
I'kUituui
wrvUtbta
Fobriciiu,
aitd offeretb
to poytou
Ills mMt«r,
Fabricius
lottcr to
PjTTuB,ad»or^
tiiinx hitn >if I
hii Phixitions'
treuou.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
PYRRUS
Pjnniii
■eiuleth the
RonwinM
thetrprison-
«n without
Pfrniiiiiecond
iMttol with the
Kunuunoa, by
the city uf
Awiuliun.
we have thought good to advertise you, not in respect to
pleasure you, but hr f?are least the mi.tfortune of your death
might make us unjustly to be accused: im^ning that by
trechery of treason, we have sought to end thU warre, as
though by v&Uiantiwsse we coulde not otherwise atchieve it
PyiTus having n>d this letter, and proved the contentea
thereof true, executfd the Phisitian as he had deserved :
and to requite the advi-rtiscmcnt of the Consulls, he sent
Fitbricius and the Romainos their prisoners, without payinge
of rauiuonie, and sent Ciiien» againr unto them, to prove if
be could obtaine peace. Howbdt, the Komniiics, Ueautc
they would neither nx^eive pUtuure of their enenii^at, And
leant of all reward, fur tliat tliey consented not unto ho
wicked a deede : did not only ixffu.%e to take their prisonere
of free gift, but they sent him againe so many SaiuniteR, and
Tareiitines, And furthermore, for peace, and his frend-
shippe, they would gcve no eare to it, before the warrea were
ended, and that he had sent away his army againe by sea,
into his kingdome of Epinis. \vhcrcfore rj-rrus seing no
remedy, but that lie must ncedes fight an other battcll, after
he hart somt-whiit refn-shed hi>> army, drcwc towardes the citie
of Asciiluni, whtTt- hr fought the sccotide time with the
Uomatnt^ : and wiu Imittght into a marvelous ill groundc for
horsemen, by a very swift, ninniiig river, from wheiiw came
many bn»oki-H and oef^po marixhcft, iiiKOiniich as his eU-phante*
could have no »ipace nor ground to joine with the battel of the
footemen, by reason wherof there was a great nunih»'r of
men hurt and slaine on both sides. And in the ende, the
t)attcU being fought out all day longe, the darke night did
sever them : but the next momingc, IVrrus to winae the
advantage to fight in the pl&ino tieto, where he might
pn-vaile with the force of his elephuntes, sent first certainc
of his bfMidw to wjiw upon the naughty ground tliey had
fought on the day Iwfcire. And by this policy having
brought the llomaines into the pUine field, he thrust in
amongest his elephantt, store of shot, an*! slingmcn, and
then made his army marche (being very well set in order)
with great furie against his enemies. They raissinge thother
dayes tuminges and places of retyre, were now compelled to
140
I
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
6ght all an a fixmte in the plaine tielde : and striving to
breake into the battell of Pyirus'^footeiucn before thf olc-
phantes v*xae, they desperately prcaccd in apon their enemies
pvkeit with their swordcs, not caring for their owne pi-reoni.'*
what became of them, but only lookn) to kill iind destroy
their enemies. In the endc notwithslanditi^e, after the
battell hjul holdcn out very lonj^i the Koniuiiit-s lo»t it, mid
t)H^ first bvgaimv lo brvokc and flii' on that side wher«
PymiB wa*, by rcmom of the great force and furie of Im
chargis and mud) more throufrh Ute violence of the ele<
phantes : aeain-^t whidi, the Kotnaine« valliantiies nor cora^
eoulde ougnt prevaile, but tlvat they were driven to geve
them place (much like the fb^ of aureing waves, or
terrible tremblingc of the earth) rather then tary to be
troden under feete, and ovcrthrowen by them, whomc they
•rere not able to hurtc af^inc, but be by them mo«t
grevously martyml, and their troubles thereby yet noUiingc
cased, ^'he ehase waK not Ion;;, btcause they fled but into
their cam{H^: and HienmymiiK the historiugraplier writeth,
that there died >nx tltuMxiuide men of thv Itdinninn, and of
Pymis parte about three thuwsaiKte live hundred and fivi>,
aN the kinftua owne ChroiiidoH doe witneiac, Ncvertheleaae*
Dionysiiis makes no meneioii of twn ImtlellH gcven ncere unto
the eity uf Ai«uluni, nor Uiat the Uonminei were eertainely
overthroweii : howbeit ho conlirmoth tliat tiiere was one
battel) only that continued until sunne set, and that they
scarcely severed also when nif;ht was eome on, Pymis beinf;
hurte on the arme with a sncare, and his cariaj^ robbed and
spoiled by the Siunnites besides. And further, that there died
in this battell, above fifl«-ene tltowsaiide men, rus well of Pyrrus
■ide, iiH of tlte Koinaiti<« irnrte : uiid th;it at the latst, both
the one and the other did ivtyre. And oome K»y, that it
woa at that tinte I*vrru.i nun.twen-<l oi)e, wh4> rcjoyced with
him for tiie victory they had wontie : If we winnc an other
of the price, quod he, we arc utterly midmw. For in d«dv
then liad l>e lost the most i>arie of his anny he brought with
him out of his rcalnte, and all hb frendt^ and (^ptainen in
manner every one, or at the least there lacked Htle of it : and
besides that, he had no meanes to supplie them with other
141
PyTTii* vlo-
tury uf tlie
RuniaUica.
The wryter*
Office not
aliout Pyrriial
b»Uell.
i>YRRUS
AmbuMutora
nut of Sicilln,
tu urny niiiv
of Pyrrus.
Pfmujonwjr
into SidllH.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
from thence, and perceived also that the confederates he had
in Italie, beganne to waxe colde. Where the Romaines to
the contrary, did easily reuue their army with freahe souldiers,
which they caused to come from Rome as neede required,
(much like unto a lively sprins, the head whereof they had
at home in their contry) and tSey fainted not at all for any
losses they received, but rather were thev so much the tame
hotly bent, stowtely determining to abide out the wsrrca,
what ever betyde. And thus whilest Pymis wa» troubled in
this sorte, newe hopes, and newe enterprises were ofirnl unto
him, that made him doubtful what to do. For even at a
clap came Ambassodore to him out of Sicilio, offering to put
into his hand»t, the cities of Syracusa, of Agri^-ntutu, and
of the I^Mitim-s, and lH-»eeching him to aide them to drivei
tlii^ (^rthaginians out of Uie lie, thereliy to deliver themf
from all the tyrannea. And on the other side also, newes
wat brought hnn from Greece, howe Itolomie sumamcd the
lightning, was slaine, and all his army overthrowen in battell
against the Gaules, and that now he shouldc come in good
hower for the Mad-donLons, who lacked but a king. Thca
he cursed his hnrd fortune that presented him all at oocc,!
such sundry occasions to doc great thingcs : and as if both
enterprises had Ix-ne already in his hande, he matie hit
ftccompt that of necessitie he must loose one of them. So,
long debating the matter with him sclfv, whidi of the two
waycs he should conclude' upjHm : in the ende he resolved,
that by the warrei< of Siciliit, iJinrc wa-« good nieane to attaine
t<i the greater matters, considering tliat Africke was not
farn^ from them. Wherefore, disposinge him selfe that way,
he sent CineaK thither immediatly to make his way, and to
speake to the townes and cities of the contry as he was wont
to doe : and in the meane time left a strong garristm in the
city of Tarentum, to kepe it at his devotion, wherewith the
Tarcntincs were very angry. For they made request unto
him, either to remaine in their contry to maintamc wa
with them against the Romaines, (which was their mcai
why they sent for him) or eUe if he would ncedes go, at the
least wise to leave their dty in as good state us ne founde
it. But he aimswcrcd them agsinc very roughly, that thwl
14%
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Pjrmis wuii
U>«< city of
Ertzin
dioul<lc spcokc no more to him in it, and tltat th«y Htiould PVRRU.S
not choose but twy his occasion. And with this auiwwere
toukv ghi[>))<.-, Hiid xailcd towanlei) Sicilia: when; so sooiie
RK he wiw urrived, lu* fouiiile all that he hopn) for, for the
citict did wiUitiguly put them selven into his haiides. And
where tivcessity of battell was oRered him to employ his
nrniy, natliing at the banning could ataude before him.
For, with thirty thoirsande footemen, two thowsande five
hundred horsemen, and two hundred savie which he brought
with him, he dniive the Carthaginians before him, EUid con*
quered all the contry imdcr their obedience. Nowe at that
time, the city of Erix was the strongest place they had : and
there wcrv a great number of good touldier^ within it to
dcfendc It. Pymiit determined to prove the luaault of it,
and when hi* army wiu midy to geve th« charge, he amied
him •elfe at all pwces frimi toi>|ie to Ux.; una approching
the wallK, vowed unto Hi-reiile» to geve him a solennit- sacri-
fice, with a feast uf conimon playei), m» that he would emunt
bim grace to shew him wife unto the Greeciaiis inliabitiog
in Sidlia, worthy of the noble aunceitera from whence he
came, and of the great good fortune he had in his handcs.
Iliis vowe ended, he straight made the trompettea sound to
the assault, and cauHxI the barbarous people that wen' on
the walles, to retyre wjlh force of his shot. Then whim
the scaling luddvm were set up, him sclfe was the first that
mounted on the walk-, when.* hv foimd divenM.- of tlie bar-
barous people that reMxted him. But some he threw over
tile waJleH on either tide of him, and with hiit Kwonl slew
many dead about him, himselfe not once hurt : for the bar-
barous people had not the harte to looke him in the face,
hiB oountenaunce was so terrible. And U)is doth prove tluLt
Homer spake wisely, and like a man of experience, whc« he
•ayd: that valliantncsse onely amongest all other morati Homer of
vatueB i» that, which hath somtimes, ocrtaine furious motions
and divine provocations, which make a man besides him selfe.
So the city being taken, he honorably performed his vowed
sacrifice to Hercules, and kept a feaatof all kindes and sortcs
of games and weapons. There dwelt a barbarous people
at tnat time about Messina, called the MamiTtiocs, wno did
148
valliuitaot.
PYRRL'S
71i« Maitier-
tines why bu
called.
Pymui
cruvlty ill
Sicilia.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
much hurt to the Greectans thenbouts, inakiiij^ nun; of
them pay taxe and tribute: for they were n srcat number
of them, and all men of waire An<l good ftouluient, and liad
their name also of Mare, hicause they were aiarshall men,
and gcven to arnies, Pyrrus led hia army asainst them, and
ovfrthrew them in battell : and put their collectors to death,
that did leavy and exact the tase, and rased many of their
fortrcMiVH. And when the Cartha^nians rcquireil pcsre and
ht« frendship, oDi-ritig him shippcs and money, pretending
greater mittti'rs: hv made them a Mhorte aunswere, that
there van btit one way to wake pence uuid love bc-twene
them, to fonuiki- Sieiliu altoj^'thi-r, tuul to be contented to
mnke Mart- l.ibyeuin the lK>nler betwixt Greei,v nnd them.
For hiH good fortune, and tlie force bt^ liatl in liin bander, ilid
set him aloft, mid furtlier allured him to follow the hope
that brought him into Sicilia, aspiring lint of all unto the
conquest of Libya. Now, to paase hinj over thither, he had
ships enough, but he lacked owcrs and mariners ; wherefore
when he would presse thcni, then he began to deale roughly
with the cities of Sidlin, and in anger compelled, and severely
puni!ibed thetii, that woiilil nut obey his commaundement.
This he did not nt his lint comniingi.*, but cuntrtirily bad
woiuicall their good wilLs/ftpt-nking more curtc*m.sly to them
then any other did, and hhewin^; that h<- truxtetl Uiem alto-
gether, and troubled tlieiu in nothing. But Midainly bein^
altered from a jxipuler prince, unto a violent tyran, he we*
not only thought cruel! and rigorou8, but that wont of all
ia, unfaitbfull and ingratefull: neverthelesse, though they,
receive<i great hurt by him, yet they sufi'cred it, and grauntea]
him any necdefiill Uiing he did deniaund. But when they
saw be began to mistrust Tba-non and Sostratus, the two
cbiefc Captaincs of Syracusn, and they who first caused him
to come into Sicilia, wlio also ut his lintt orrivull delivered
the city of Syrnctisn into \m hundt, and had bi-ue liin chiefc
aiders in helping him to ooni[uiw<e that )ie liad done in
Sicilia: when I say they .taw he would no more cary them
with him, nor leave them Itehiude him for the miiitrust he
had of them, and that SoetratuH fled fix>m him, and abnented
him aelfc, fearing least Pyrrus would doe him some Diisduefe :
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
and that Pymis moreover, had put Thasion to disth, mis-
trusting that he would alao haw done him aarae harmv.
Then nil things fell out against Pymw, not unv aftiT an
othrr, nor by lith- luul litle, htit »II tof^thi-r dt out- ittstniit,
and oil the dUva ^-nenilly hatni liim to the dviith, nnd did
Af^inu sciiiK- of them confedemti' witl) the Cnrthaginianx, and
otht-n witi) tlie Maiiiertiiies, to ^^t ui)on hini. But when all
Skilia was thutt bent against him, he received letters from
the SamniteH and Tarentines, bv which they advertised htm,
how thev had much a doe to dcfende them selves within
their cihes and strong holdcs, and that they were wholly
driven out of the (iiTd : whcrforv tJicy earnestly besought
him speedily to come to tlK'ir lude. Tins ih-wcs came happcly
to lum, to cloke his flying, that he might say it was not for
diKpAin- of good suocvs»c m Stciha that he went his way : but
tnii: it was in <k-dc, tliat when he itaw he could no longcr
kcepc it, thi^i a .shipjie could stand still among the waves, lie
»ought f^nie honest sluulow to colour his dqmrting. And
that surely was ttie cau^e why he returned agame into Italic.
Neverthelesse, at his departure out of Sicile, tliey say that
looking bocke apon the lie, he said to those that were a)>out
him : O what a goodly Geld for a hattcli, my &cndes, doe we
leave to the Romnines and Carthaginians, to 6riit thooe
with thother ? And verily f'O it fell out shortely ^er, as be
bad ^i(4cen. But the bFirlwix>tt« )x-uple eonsplrmge together
agaiiut I'yrnift, the C'artliagtni»ii.-« on the one Kioc watching
hu pa«Mge, gave him battel on the tea, in the veiy straight
it selfe of MeHsina, where lie loxt many of his siii|i», and
fletl witli the rent, and tooke the coast of Italic. And
tl>ere the Alamertines on the other side, being gx>r)e tliither
l>efore, to tl»e number of eightecnc thousandi' fighting men :
durst not present him battell in open tiolde, but tarirtl for
him in certaine straites of the mountaines, and in very hard
places, and so set upon his rcrcward, and disordered all
bis army. They slew two of his elephfmts, and cut of a
great number of his rcrcward, so as he was compelled him
nclfe in [wrvoiie to come fn>in his vangard, to bctpe them
against Uie barbarous people, whidi were lusty vallfant
men, and olde trained souldier^. And there Prrrus caught a
8 : T li6
PYRRire
Th« SumiiitM
nnd Taren-
tiuci Rent fori
I'yrru* to
return* into
Italic.
Pymisre-
tume into
Italy out
of Si
y out
jidU.1
PYBRUS
PjriTiis hurt
Ml hiB hnad
wHh a It word e.
Pyrrm with
a blow of liu
■word ulovu
hb vtitimieii
hetul in the
iniddest, HHil
Inyvd it oit
hi* ihoiiiiler*,
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
blow on his hood with u swortJc, luid was in great dnuogeri
iiisoni\tch n« tiv was forcvd to rvtvrc out of the pre&te and
light, which iltil »o much thv tnorv <i>conif;e ha enemies.
Amon;^ whii-li there wiis one more ativcnlurous then the
rewl, u ffuudly mail of iH-Twnage, (nyetr nnnvd in white
aniior, who aavauncing him nelfe farre before bisonnpcuiy,
cried out to the king with a bolde and fierce voyce, and
clialenged him to tight with him if he were alive. Pymw
beinge mad as it were with this bravery, turned againe with
(us garde, in spight of his men, hurt as he was. And besides
that he was all on a flrt' with choller, and his face- all bloody
and terrible to behold, lie wtnt through his men, and came
at the length to this barbuous vilk-n that had cltalhiiged
him : ttiid gave him niich a blow on his head with all his
forci' and power, that what by the stn.iigth of bin ann«, and
thrciu^h tiie goiidnejt of the t(-iii{HT and mettle of the itword,
the blow clave hi.t ht;a4l right in the middt-xt, ilowne to the
shoulders : so that his beode beinge tliutt devided, the one
parte fell on the one ahoulder, and the other parte on the
other. This matter sodainly stayed the barbarous people,
and kept them from going« any further, they were so a&ayed
and anioscd both to see so great a blowe with ones handc,
and it mmie them thinke in dede that l*yrrus was more then
a nxui. After that, they let him go, and troubled him no
more. Pyrnis holding on his joniey, arrived at the length
in the city of Tarentum, with twenty tbow»and footianen,
and three thowsand hone. And uitli thvsv (joyning Uiereto
the choycest pyked men of the Tarentini.9) he went incon-
tinently into the lield to neeka out the Hoinaini'«^ who had
their campe within the territories of the SaniDit&s which
were thc-n in very hard state, l-'or their hartea were killed,
bicause that in many battella and encounters with the
Itoniainv!!, they were ever overthrowen. ITiey were very
angry hmides with Pymis, for that he had forwkeo them,
to goe hi:4 voyagi- »mt<> Sicilia, by reason whereof there came
no great mimlier of luiiildirrit into bis rampc. But notwith-
standing, he devided all his strength into two |MLrte$, whereof
he sent the one parte into Liicauia, to occupy one of the
Homaine Consults that was there, to the end he should not
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
oome to aide his companion: and with the otlier parte He
went him selfe against Maniua Curiuft, who lay in a very
itraunge place of advantage nere to the citie of HeneventiJ,
attending the aide that should come to him out of Lucania,
besides also that the Soothsayers (by the signes and tokens
of the birdcs aitd sacriticcs) did cxtunsell him not to sturre
firom thence. I'yrrus to thi- contrarj', desiring to fight with
Manius before His aide came unto luin, which he looked for
out of Lucania, tookv with him the best souldiers be had in
all hu army, and the warlike»t elephnntes, nnd marched away
in th« night, supjHtsing to .itwilo hjkhi Maniit* on the iwdaiiie,
ftJKl gcvt- an aKsnult unto hi* auiiiK', Now Pymw having a
long way to eo, and through n noddy contry, nix lighti-s nnd
toroies failea him, by reason whervuf many of his souldien
lost their way, and they lost a great deale of time also, before
they oould againe be gathered together : so as in this space
the night was spent, and the day once broken, the cnemieii
perceived nUineiy how he came dowinf the hills. This at
the first sight made them muse a while, and put them in
a litle feare : neverthclessc Manius having had the signes
of the sacrifices favorable, and seeing that occasion did
prcsse him to it, went out into the field, and set apon the
vowarde of hU enemies, nnd made them tiime their backcs.
The which fc«red all the rest in such wise, that there were
»Uine u gn-al numlKT of tiwm in the ficldc, luid c<^rtftine
elqihaiiti-K also bLki-n. This victiiry made Manius Ciiriu8
leave his rtrength, and come into the plainc field, where
he set his men in batt^^ll ray, and overthrew his enemies Iiy
ptaine force on the one dde : but on the other he was re-
pulsed by violence of the elephantes, and compelled to drawe
tmcke into his owne campe, wherein he had left a great
number of men to garde it. So when he saw them upon
the rampere of his campe all armed, ready to fight, be called
them out, and they comming fresh out of places of advantage
to charge upon uic elephantes, cornpi-llcd them in a very
shortc time to tume tl>eir backes, and flie tbrongh their
owne men, whom they put to great tronblc, nnd disorder :
•0 as in the cnde, the whole victory fell apon the R(pmninr«
side, and consequently by mennm of that victorv, followed
147
PYRRUS
Unnhis
Curiui
Cuniiua
Vyrrat thirtle
bnttell with
the Rvmaiites.
I'jrrTtis i>veiw
thruwen by
Manius
Curinsln
b«tt«U.
PYRItUS
PyrruB com-
Ssred to n
yce pinyet.
PytTU»r»-
turtie into
Kpiru* out
ofltalie.
I'yrru* vic-
tory of Anti-
Kiniuft kinji;
of Macedon.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
the grratncs and power of their Empire. For the Romninvs
bvini; j(ruwi-n itkiiv corsgious by this battel!, and huTing
invn^teil tln'ir force, and wonnc the nrputncion of men im-
conquerabie: iminvdiativ afler oonqiu-rni nil Italiv besides,
and soone after tliat, all Sicdlia. To this ende as you we,
came kins Vymi» vaine hope he had to conquer Itiklie and
SidJia, aner he had spent sixe yeares continually in warres,
during which time his good fortune decayed, and his army
coDBiuned. Notwithstaiiding, hU noble cora^ remained
alwsyes invincible, what losses soever he had susteined : and
moreover whilest he lived, be was ever esteemed the chiefcst
of all the kings and princea in his time, as well for his ex-
|)erivnve and sufltcicncy in warres, as also for the valliantncs
and liardm<« of his pcraon. But what he wtuine by famous
deeded, he lort by vnine hopes: desiring so v<inn-»tly tliat
which he had not, as he fon^ate to ke|H- Uwit whicli he had.
Wherefore Antif^otiuK >-iiin)Mr('<l him unto a din- player that
caatetii well, but can not u!<e his lucke. Now ha^'ing Drought
backe a^ine with him into Kpirus, eight thowsande foote-
men, ana five hundred horsemen, an<l being without money
to pay them, he devised with him selfe to seeke out soioe
new warrc to cntertajne those souMiera, and kcpe them
together. Wliercf«)re iippon a ncwe aide of certaine of the
Gaides Ix'tn^' comen unto him, he entered into ttiv realme
of Maccdoii (which Antigoniis, Demetrius soime held at that
time) with intent only to make a furrey, and to get some
snoyle in tlie contry. But when he «aw tluit he bad taken
diverse holdcs, and moreover, that two thowxand nten of
waiTe of the contry came and yelili'd them Mclves unto him :
he beganne to hope of better succt«se, then at the 6Tst he
looked for. For upon that hope he marched against king
Antigonus selfe, whom he met m a very straight valley, and
at his first eoinming, gave such a lusty charge upon hiB
rcreward, that he put hII AntJgoniis army in great nisorder.
For AjitiKontis had plact^ the Gaules in the rercward of his
army to eloH; it in, »-Iiich were a convenient nuiiilKT, and did
valliantly defend the first charge: and the skimiishv was so
hotte, Uiat the ntust of them were slninv. After them, the
leaders of tlie elephantes perceiving they wen environned
148
Diath from
kingo I'yrru*
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
on «venr aide, yclded them selves bihI their bwutm. PyrrUK PYRBII3
Mcinff (lis power to be now iiicrtttsvd with such a Kup]jly,
trusting more to his good fortun<-, thi'n any good R-4uoti
mi^ht movL' him : thrust further into Uie b«tt«l of the
Mncccioniiuis, who wrrv nil Afniy«l, luid tnitiblvd for the
ovcTtlm)Vfp of Uicir rereward, .■«> ns th«y would not ou<»
base thvir pykes, nor light AgAliixt liim. He for his parte
holding« up his haiide, and cidliiigv the Captaiues of the
liandes by their names, straight wayes made all the foote-
men of Antigonus tume wholly to hb side: who flyHng, AntJ^noa
saved him selfe with a few horsemen, and kept certaine of
the cities in hia realme apon the aea coost. IJut P>TTits in
ail his prosperity, judging nothing more to rcdowncfe to his
honor and glorj-, then the overthrow of the Gauli-s, laynl
aridc their goodliest and richeat spoyles, and oflrad up the
nnio in the temple of Minerva Itomda, with this irucriptiun :
When Pyrrus knd «ut>dii<le, th« pulaHitO«UM la flaldi,
Ho cnuKod of thoir fpolles to mail*, thM8 laigati, urmM, and
The wbicl) ho hnnffod up, iti tnmpiR nil on hifth.
Before Mttiervu (ftocldnHo hm) iii nfme tif victon-.
W)i«i] hi! hud KVtMTumc. the whole oixl hii)(ii- huast :
The which Auti^tiua dill briiit;. lutu hin cuutru<s cotuit.
No iBsrvell shuuld it secme, thoui;h victory he vuiiiie,
Since itUllnntn^ hrliiK^^ vii^torj*, nnd eveniinre hnth done:
And vmlliantTie* altmyen, hath roiistiiiitly kept pliice.
Prom ag« tn age, ana time to time, in iMcas liis net.
Immediatly after tltis bnttell, idl the cities of the realme
of M acedon yelded unto him : but when he had the eitic of
^Egee in his power, he uKcd tlie inhaliitatites thereof very
hardly, and specially bicauM* lie left a great garrison of the
Gaules there which ne luui in pay- Th«i nation is extreame
covetous, as then they sJtewed tiiem selves : for they spared
not to brvalce up the tomlies whennn the kinges of iilacedon
lay buried there, tooke away all the gold and silver they
oould linctc, and afterwards with great insolency cast out
thnr bones into the open winde. Pyrrus was tolde of it,
but lie lightly passed it over, and made no rcckening of it :
either bicaiuv h« deferred it till an other time, by reason of
\4&
Th« covetowl
neawof tli«
GaulM.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
I'YRRL'S the warns he liod then in hande : or el»e for that be du»t
nut meddle with punistiin^ of theite barhnrous people at that
time. But whatsoever tlie matter was, the Macedonians
were x'ery angry with Pyrrus, and blamed him greatly for
it. Furthennore, haring not yet made all thingcs sum In
Macedon, nor beine fully poasest of the same : new toycs Mid
hope came into his head, and mocking AntiG^niw, snyd, he
was a mad man to goe ap|}arrcllcd in purple like u king, when
a poorp clokc miglit In-come him like a private man. Now,.
CleonymuskingofSpurtiilx-ing come to procure him tobrin^ >
hin anny into the contry of Lad-diemon, Pymts was very
willing to it. 'lliix CK-unymuic wax of the blood royall of
Sparta, hut bicause he wait a cruell man, and would do all
tninges by authority, they loved him not at Sparta, nor
trust*^ him at all : and therefore did they put him out, and
made Areus king, a very quiet man. And this was tb*f
oldest (juarrell Cleonymus had against the common wealth
of Sparta : but besides that, he had an other private quarrel,
which grcwe uppon this cauxe. In his olde yearcs, Cleonymus
had maried n iaver yotrnge Ladv called Chclidonida, which |
vfox alw of the blood royall, and tnc ditugbtcr of Leotychidcs,
Thi.t Ijidy being fallen extreaniely in love with Acmtatus, '
king Areufl wmne, a goodly young gi-nltcmaii, and in his
lus^ youth, she greatly vexeil and dishonurt-d her hu^bande
Cleonymus, who was over heade and eares in love and jealousie
with her : for there was not one in all Sparta, but plainely
kncwe that his wife made none accomut of him. And thus
his home sorowes, being joyned with nis outwarde commoa
greves, even for spight, desiring a revenge, in choller he went '
to procure Pyrrus to come unt« Sparta, to restore him agalne
to nis kin^^dome. Hereupon he brought him into Laccda>
monia forthwith, with live and twenty thowsand footcmcD,
two thowxtind hor«;, and foure and twenty ricphantes: by
which prepanu^ion, though by nothing else, the worldc might
plairifly see, that I^yrrux came with a mindc not to restore
CleonymuH againe unto Sjiarta, but of intent to comjuer for
him selfe (if ne eould) all the contrie of Pelnponnestis. For
in wordes he denied it tci the LacediemoniaiiN tJiem selves,
who sent Ambassadors unto hira when he was in the dtv of
160
AreuB made
ItingQt
SpftrtA, and
put downe.
The uuse of
PfiTuii iiivsd
ii^t Pvlopon-
notuN.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Megalipolis, where be toldc th«ni that Ik was come into
Pclopoiuwsia, to sctte the towiivH mud dUe« at libortie which
AntigunuH kept in bomiage: an<l tlwt his true iiil<-iit aiid
BteMUDE WHS to Ncrnii hiH yuuiig M>t)iic» intu Sparta (»<> tht-v
would be conleiilLtt) to the eiid tliey iiiiglit be trained after
the Laconiaii manner, and trom their y<>uth have this advan-
tage above all other kinges, to have uene well brought up.
But faining these thingcs, and abusing those that came to
meete him on his way, they tookc no heede of him, till he
came within the coast of Lncotiia, into the which he was no
Eooncr cntmi, but he beganuc to spuyle and wact the whole
conttv. And when the Atnbwusndoni of Sparta reproved
and foundc fault with hitn, for that he matle wamv upon
tbem in such »urte, before he had o[)enly proclaimed it : he
made them autuwcr : No more have you your »e\vat utted to
proclaiiiie tlint, whiiJi you purposed to do to others. Tlieii
one of the Auiba.-o^lore called Mandriddas, rc]ilied againe
unto him in the l..aconian tongue : If thou be a god, thou
wilt doe US no hurt, bicause we have not ofiended thee : and
if thou be a man, tliou shalt meeto with an other that ahalbe
better then thy sclfe. Then he marched directly to Sparta,
where CleonymiiH gave him coiuisl-11 evcti at the first, to
assault it. But he would not so do, fearing (a^ they sayd)
that if he did it by night, his soiildierH would sacke the city :
and sayd it should l>e time enough to a.-«iudt it the next day
at brvad day light, bicause then; were but few men witliiu the
towne, and lieside they were very ill provided. And further-
more, king Areus him xelfe waa not there, hut gone into
Creta to aide the Gortynians, who had warres in their owne
oontry. And doutlesse, that only was the saving of Sparta
from talcing, that they made no reckening to amiault it
hotly : bicause they thought it was not able to make resist-
tuiDce. For l*yrrus cam|)ed before the towne, throughly
pcrswaded with hini selfe, that he should finde none to nght
with him : and CleonymuH frendK tuid ser\'auiites also did
prepare his lodging there, as if Pjrnut should have come
to supp<T to him, and iudgixl with him. When night was
come, the LA«(t«;moiiian.i i:oun.ti:Lled together, luid secretly
detennined to send away their wive», and litle children into
151
PVRRUS
Pymuttiata-
Swoivto tk»
Mnmlriridlis
ituwtauaiiwer
tolling
Pyrruii.
Pyrru»b«-
tifweth laef
PYRRUS
The Conine i>f
th« woRieii of
Sparte.
Womm
wrouKht in
the trenab.
contKnd their
men to fifth t
Pyrni* bftttcL
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
Creta. But the women them selves were against it, and
there was onr amon^e them called ArcliidamiH, who went
iato thi- Seiiatr house irith a sword in her hand, to spcakc
iinto thvtn in Die name of all the rvst, and sayd : lliat they
did thvir wiv-c« ^-at urongf, if they thought them so fainte
hsrt«d, us to live after Smrtu w(.tc dntrored. Afbmraixls
it was agreed iii oounKclI, that tlwy Khould vast a tn-nche
before tlie enemies cain|x-, and that at both the endes uf the
same they should bury earteH iii the ground unto the middest
of the wheeled, to the irnd that being i'ast set in tite ground,
they fihould stay the clephantes, and kepe them from pa^ns
further. And when thev heganne to go in hand wtthall,
there came wives and mmdcs unto tlieni. some of them tbeir
clothes girtc up round about them, and others all in their
smockes, to worke at this trenche with the old men, advising
the young men that should light the next moniing, to rrst
them selves in the tiivane while. So Uie women tooke the
third parte of the treiiehe to tiuike, which y/ox six eubittes
lirotule, fuure cubit-t deepc, and eight hundred foote long
nit Fhilarchuii sayth: or title le&se aa UieronymuA wryteth.
'n>en when the breake of day appeared, and tlie enemie«
removed to come to the assault : the women them seU f»
fetched the weapons which they put into the young mens
hands, and dcHvervd them the t^uke of the ticnche ready
made, which they before had undertaken, praying them
valliantiy to keejie and defend it, telliiige them withall,
huwe great a pleasure it is to overcome the enemies, lighting
in view and sight of their native contry, and what gnat
felicity and lionur it is tx> dye in the amiea of his mother
and wife, after he hath fought valliantiy like an honi-.><t man,
and worthy of the magnanimity of Sparta. But Clielidonida
being gone a side, had tyed a halter with a riding knot about
her necke, ready to strangle and hang her selfe, rather then
to fall into the hands of Cleonymus, if by chaunce the city
should come to be taken. Now Pyrrus marched in person
with his batti^ll of fotitemen, against the fronte of the
Spartans, who being w great number also, did tary his
conunuig on the othet- t>ide oC tlie treiicbe: the which,
beridea that it was very ill to pii«»c over, did let the Kouldicn
IBSt
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
alao to fisht stcadcly in order of batU-ll, bicauw the etaih PYRRUS
liviiii; iicwlv cAsl up, did ycld under their fct'tc, Whervforv,
Ptu]i>iiii<* kiiiji Pymu sonm-, ixvuiing nil ftlongvitt ttii- tn.-iM.-h
sidf wfitli two thowiwjKi Gnulrs, (ind all the t-Iiovcc im.-ii of
the Clinonian-t, owuiyi-d if hv c»tiU) get over to tliv otlivr side
at one of the endes of the trenelie where the cartes wete:
which beinff ftct very deepe into the ground, and one joyned
unto an other, they did not only hinder tluusaylanta, but
the defendants also. Howbeit in the end, the Gaides l>egan
to plucke of the wheeles of these cartes, and to draw them
into the river. But Acrotatus, king Arvu§ sonnc, a young
man, seeing the daunger, ranoe through the city with a
troupe of three hundrra lusty youthes besides, an« went to
inclose Ptolomic behinde before be espied him, for that he
p«iwted a Mcret hollow way till he came even to gcve tiie
charge upon tlicm : whereby they wore enforcwl to tume
their faces towards him, oiie ninningc in an others neckc.
and 1*0 in great disonli-r wen^ thrust into tlie trenches, and
under the earte» : in-sumuch as at tlie last, with mudi a due,
and great blooddied, Acrotattia and hi.^ company drare them
backe, and repuliied tliem. Now the women and old men,
that were on Ihother side of the trcnche, saw plainly before
their face, liowe vatliantly Acrotatus had repulsed the Gaules. Aerotatua
\Mierefore, after Acrotatus had done this cxployte, he re- vaUlwitwa.
turned againe through the city unto the place from whence
he came, all on a goarc blood, coragious and lively, for the
victory he came newly from. The women of SpartA thought
Acrotatus &rrc more noble and fayrer to beholdc, then ever
he was : eo that they all thought Chelidonida happy to have
MKh a frcn<l «nd lover. And there wen^ iHTlaine oldc men
tliat fullowiii him, crying «ft*-r him, G«ie thy way Acrotatuii,
and eiyoy thy love Cliclidontdn : U^t noble children of her
unto Sparta. The fight wtu cruell on tJiat »ide where l\rrus
waa, and many of the S])artans fought verv valliantly. How-
beit amoRgest other, Uiere was one named Phillius, who after
be had fought long, and slaine many of his enemies with his
owne hanoes, that forced to passe over the treiiche : per-
eeiving that his hart fainted for the great number of wouodes
be had apon him, called imc of them that wen- in the ranckc
3:U 158
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
PYRRUS next bclunde him, unci gcving him his place, fell downe
dcnrie in the ftnnes of his fn-mit-s, htcau-^e his t^nemics shouUk-
not have his hody. In the ende, the baltell havingi- c-oh-
tinued all the day longe, the night did separate them : atid
Pyrrui Pjttus lieiiig layed inliifl bed, had this vision in his itlcepe.
^rtfBt. IIp thought he strake the citv of Laccdsemon witli lightning,
tind that he utterly consumed it : whereat he wai m passing
gliwl, that even with the very jov he awaked. And there-
u[)ji<»i foorthwith cnniitiiumded ))]-'« CaplatneK to make their
men ready to the a.'cuiull: and told his dreame uuto his
familiers, tiu)i[K>sing Uiat out of dout it did betoken he
Hhould in that approaehe take the citie. All that beard it,
beleved it was no, sarinji^ one LyaJmachus : who to the am-
trary, §ayed that this vision liked him not, bicauw the piaG««
smitten with lijihtning arc holy, and it i> not lawfiill to tnler
into them : by reason whereof he was nltw afl'niiL-ii, that tiie
poddcs did si^nifie nnfo him. that he should not enter into
the eitif of Simrta. Pjrriw Awiutwvred him : That saied he, is
a matter disputable to aixl fro in an open a-tsembly of people,
for there is no nianer of certainty in it. But furtbermoro,
every man must take his weapon in hiii hand, and set thia
sentence before his eyes :
A t'lgiit t;ood »igiie it ih, tliat ha would hssnrd Ufa
In just aefence of msetere csiiae with Bpearr anil bloody knife.
Alludingi! unto Homem verMw, which he wrote for the de-
fence of hi.i contry. And saying thus, he rose, and at the
breake of day led his army uuIjo the assault. On thotber
side also, the lAcedfeinoniajis with a marvelous coroge and
majjnanimity, farre greater then their fora? bestirred them
welves wonderfully to make resistauncc, having thw'r wives by
tbem that gavL< them their weapons wherewitli tliey fought,
and weR- ready at hand to geve mcate and drinke to them
that iHtaU-d, and did oJso withdrawc those that were hurt
to cure them. The MmH-dciiiian.'t likewise for their parte,
endevored them selves with ail their might to fill uppc the
trenche with wodde and other tbingi-.t, which they cast upon
the dead bodies and armors, lying in the bottome of the
ditdic : and the Lacedsmoniaiis againe, labored all that they
\v9
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
coutd posdbic to let tliem. But in this great brovlc, one-
pomei^ed Pymis a horse backc to have lept the ti"enchc. WLst
over tin; Ktrvngth of the cartes, and make force to enter intit
the city. H'hcrforc thoM' that wtrtr n|j>uoi»t«-d to defeiiJc
thst portif uf the trem-h, criitl out strugnt : nnd tlM- women
fvJl ashreeking, aiid ninnins, ns if all luuJ bene lust. And ta
Pnrus passed furtlirr, striking downe witli hi* owne haiules
nil that stoode ttefurc him, a Cretan shot at him, and etrake
hi» hofic thriMigl) lM>th ntdes : w)m> leUMiige out of the prease
for pninc of his wounde, <Iying, caned Pmua avay, ajid threw
hini ttppon the haueing of a stecpe hill, where he was in
grf«t doungcr to fall from the toppe. 'I'his put all his
servauntes and frcndcs about him in a marvelous fearc, aod
therewithjdl the Ijtoediruranians seeing tltrm in this tetn
and truubU- mn immediatly unto that place, wtid witli force
of ahotte drave them nil wit of the trntcbe. Aflcr this
retyre, I'yrrtia cnu»ed idl A.w»ult to cwwe, hoping tl>e Laoe*
dctnonians in tin- end would yxvlde, i.x>iiNideringe there were
many of theni siaine in the two dayes past, and all tlie rest
in mancr hurt. Huwbeit, the good fortune of \1k citie
(whether it were to prove the valliantnes of the inhabit'
antes them selves, or at the least to ^lew what power they
werr of even in their greatest nedc and distrvsw, when tlic
LacedRinonians had sutall hoiK' left) bnni<;ht one Atiiiniiis
Phocian IVmn Coriiithe, one of king AntigomiH Cuptnine*
with a great band of men, and put tfaeni into Uie city to
aide Uinn : and stniight alter him, at Konne as he had entred,
ktt^ Areus arritn) al«<> on thothtT »ide from Creta, and two
thowsand souldiers witli him. So tlie women went home to
their houaee, makinge tlit-ir reckeniiig that they should not
necde any more to trouble theni selves with warres. They
gave the olde men liberty also to goe and rest them selves,
who being past all age to fight, for necessities soke yet were
driven to orme them selves, and take weapon in hande : and
in order of battcU placed tlie m-we come M)uldien in tlieir
rooineM. Pyrrus unden'tanding that tu-vic .«iippties were come,
erewe to gnwter ntomake tlien liefore, and inforced all that
ne could, to winiie the towtie by OHUiiilt. But in the end,
when to his cost he founde that he wamie nothing but
155
PYRRt
Pymi ii
duuiMr of
hi* life, at
Uieti«ge*f
Sparta.
Amred :
Sparta with
new Bide.
PYRRUS
Sedition in
the city of
Xrgot.
pulned from
Sparta ([oeth
tif Argot.
Ptolomio
kinRc I*yrru»
■onuB. ualiie
bj Ors«u»
Cr«Uu.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
blowcs, hi- gnvi' uvcr the ^vgy, und went to spcijrle ftll the
ountr)' nbout, dt-tcmiiiiing to lyc there in earrixon all the
winter. He ouulJe not for all Uii» avoioc his tiestenie.
For tliert- nise a sttlition in the city of Argos l>etwene two
of tht! chief»>t titiy-eiiti, Ari.iti'aa an<l AriNtippus : and bicause
Ari.iteas tliought that kiiige Aiitiffonus did favor his enemy
Aristippus, lie made hast to senae first unto Pyrnis, whoec
nature and disposition was such, that he did continually
heape hope uppon hope, ever taking the present prosperity,
for an occasion to hope after gn^tcr to come. And tf tt
fell out he was a loser, then he sought to recover Iiim selfe,
and to restore hU losse, liy some other newe utteniptx. So
that neither for being cwiniucmr, nor overconien, he would
ever be quiet, but alwaytw tmubleil w)me, urn! him selfe
hJko : by reiuon wherof, he MHlainly demrtt-d towantes Argos.
But king Areas having layed amhtuJici for him in diTerse
Eeeti, and occupied also the atraightest and hardest passage?!,
the which he was to irnsse: gave a charge uppon the
ules and Molossians, it hich were ii] the tavle of nis army.
Now, the sclfe same day I'ymis was warned by a Soothsayer,
who sacrificjiig had foiindc the Hver of the sacrificed benst
infected : that it betokened the lostte of some most nvcre
unto him. Hut when he henrd the noyse of the chaige
pevcn, he thought not of the forwaming of hi* Soothsayer,
out com mail rid CI ( hiit Mtnne to take his hoii.teluild Nervauntea
with him, and to go thither: a.-> he him selfein Uk- meane time
irith aa great hast as he could, made the rent of his army
marclie, to get them quickely out of this daungerous way.
The fraye was very hotte about Ptolomie Pyrnis Sonne, for
they were all the ehiefe men of the LaceaEcmoniana with
whome he had to doe, led by a valliant Captuine railed
Evalcus. But as he fought valllantly ngainst tho%' that
stoode before him, there vms a souldier of Cn-ta called
Ontsu!*, borne in the citie of Aptera, a man very rvady of
his haiide, and light of foote, who running alnngent by him,
.itrake him such a hlowe on his side, that lie fell downe dead
in the place. This prince Ptolomie being slaine, his com-
pany began straight to file : and the Lacedaemonians followed
the chase so hottely, that they tooke no heede of them selves,
166
Evmlm*.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
until] tki-v sno'L' Dtcy were in Uic )jliunc Geld &ttc from tlu-ir PYRRDS
fooU'cicu. Whi-ivfon;, P^mix unto whom thv duuth of Iiis
Sonne km newly n-purtctl, being a, fire with «or»w and
pnfttion, tunicil sojAinly upun them witli the men of nnues
uf the .MoUKUtiatLH, and being the fir«t tltat CAnti- unto tlteni,
niade a iiianelous slaughtt-i' among thein. For, notwitli-
.ttAnding that every where before that time he waa terrible
and invincible, having his sword in his haude : yet then be
did 6bewe more proofe of his valliantnes, strength, and
corage, tfacn be had ever done before. And wheo he had
sette spurrvs to his horse against Evalcus to clotfC with him,
Evali-us turned on the toe side, and gave Pj-mis such a
blowe with hif sword, that he oUMed litle the cutting of his
bridle hande : for he cut in deede all the ntiix-M of the bridle
a Minder. But Pymut Mtmight ranne him through the Ixxly
with biN «peare, and lighting of from hix Iwrw;, he put all
the troupe of the I.Ace<lienionian!t to the awurd tliat were
about the body of Evalctii, being all chof*«» men, 'llius
the ambition of the Captaines was cause of that losse unto
their contrj' for nothing, eonsidt-ring that the warres against
them were ended. But I'vrrus having now as it were made
sacrifice of these poore bodies of the Lacedirmoniaus, for the
soule of his dead soniie, and fought thus wonderfully also to
hooor his funrralls converting u grait parte of his sorow for
his death, into aiigi.-r and wrath agmnist the enemies: he
ofYerwardesi held on hi« way liin-etly towartU^i Arp^iw. And
undentanding that Ling Antiguniu bail ulniuiy scaM-d the
hilhi that were over the raltey, he lodged ni-ere unto the ciW
of Nauplia : and the next morning following Ktit a tierauUJe
unto Antigonus, and gave him dcfyance, cadUng him wicked
man, and chalonged him to come downe into the valley to
6ght with him, to trye which of them two should be king.
Antigonus made him aunswcr, that be made warres as much
with time, as with wojipon : ^uid furthermore, that if Pymis
were wwuy of his life, he iwul waves open enough to put him
welfe to <leath. The citixens of Argn« al>w tent Ambassadors
unto tliem Iwth, to pniy them to dcp<u-te, sith they knew
that there wa-s noUiiiig for them to w« in the city of Argoa,
and that they would let it be a newter, and frena unto them
157
Autigoaui
Bunswerc
10 Pyrritf
diBlengt-
PYRRUS
Tukeiiit of
Pyrru* cleatli.
Pyrru» Sght
iu Uie city
or Argus.
CaaUU in
Ar^OB.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
both. Kiiig Antigotius agr<^ unto it, and gave ttwin his
pontic for hostagv. Pvmis also mude thtm t&yer promise to
tla so too, but bioitise hv t^vv no caution nor sulTiokiit pledge
to |KTfc>niic it, tbvy niislrusti.si bjni tin- tiion-. Tlicn thcire
fel out many groit and m undtrful lokeiiN, b» woI tinto I'^rrus,
as unto tJie Argives. For Pyirus having Kacriliced oxen,
their heades Wing striken of from tlieir bodies, tliey thrust
O'ut their tongues, and licked up their owne blood. And
within the city of Argos. a sister of the temple of Apollo
Lycias, called Apollonide, raiine throush the strectes, crying
out that she saw the dty full of murder, and blood rue
all about, and an EngU- Hint cntnc unto the frayc, howl
she vfttiiitlii-d away sodaiiily, and no IxKly kncwe what became
of her. I'yiTiis then ouiiiminge hard to thr wallest of Argot.,
in the night, and linding one of the gat<« called Dininpem^l
opened by Arist»^as, he put in hi.i Gaulos : who [XKCKetnetl the
market place, before the citizens knew any tiling of it. But
bicaii^c the gate wa>< too low to passe the elepbantes through
with their towers upon their Ijackes, thcv were driven to take
them of, and afterwards when they were within, to put them
on in the dnrkc, and in ttimultc : by reason whereof they lost
much timi^', no that the citiKCOH in the vnde perceived it, and
ran incontinently unto the CJixti-ll of A>j«des and into other
strong pliices of the city. Ami therewilhall, they sent with
present xptitte unto Antigonus. to pray hint to come andi
Iielpe them, ami so he did : and after he was come hard to'
the walles, he remained without with the skowtes, and in the
meane time sent his sonne witli his chiefest Captaines into the
townc, who brought a great number of good aoutdiers and
men of w-arre with them. At thf same time abo arrived
Areus, king of Sparta, with a thowgand of the C'retans, and
most histy Spartans: idl which joyning together, came to
gwve a cliarge upon the Gaules that were in the market
place, wlio put thent in a marvelous feare and haxard.
Pyrrus entring on that side also of the city called Cylarabia,
with terrible noyse and cries : when he underatoode that the
Gaulcs aunswered him not lustelv and coragiouslr, he doubted
straight that it was the vovce of men disti-essed, and that
had their handes full. Wherefore, be came on with speede
158
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
to relieve tbero, thnutine the horsemen fonrards that
Bucbed before him, with grest daunger and paine, by
won of boles, and sinckes, aod water conduttes, whereof
the dty was fiiU. By this mmnc there wa& a wondcrfull
coofusioD amongest them, as may be thought tightingt- by
ni^t, whcTT DO miui saw w)iut he liad to doc, oor could
heara what wax commaunded, by natoa of thv gmtt iioyve
tbey made, strayii^ here ijid there up and downe the
ttreetea, thooe Ksttmd fraro the oUter: nt^ither could the
Captaines set their meit in order, aa wel for tlie darkenes of
the night, a^ abo for th<; confused tumult that was all the
dty over, and for that the streetes also were very narrow.
And therefore they remained on both sides without doing
any thing, looking for day light : at the dawning whcrol^
PjTTUs perceived the castel of AadmIcs, fiU of Ius armed
conntca. And furthermoiv, sodainly ns be was cofue into
the market i»laoe, amoneext many other g«XM]ly ooumon
workni <«tt« out t'( Ix-auttBc (Ik Muiie, hi- .ipinl the iinageti
of a hull and a woulfc in c<>p)K-r, tlie which fought om- with
BO other. This night made him afrsved, bicaa-te at tliat
present he renietnbred a prophixry that liad bene tolde him,
that hb end and death should be, when he sawe a woulfe
aod a bull 6ght together. The Argives reportc, that these
JMgTii were set up in the market placr, for the remem-
bimuDcc of a certainc citaunce that hiid happened in tlM.>ir
cootrie. For when Diuwuk mnit- tliithiT hrst, by tix way
callc-d rvramiafas one would wy, huid sowcn wilb cnnH-) in
Ibc contxy of 'niyn:atidv', tte »j»w m be went, a woulfe fight
with a ImiII : whvieupou hi! stayed to we what the end of
their Geht would come to, nupposing the ca.<te in him »elfe,
that tne woulfe was of hik side, bicauM that being a
•tnunger as he was, he came to set uppon the natuiall
ildl^itantes of the contry. The wotdfe in the ende obtained
the victory : wherefore Danaus making his prayer unto
Apollo Lycias, followed on hi» enterprise, and had so good
nioccMc, that he dmvc Gelnnor out of Argos, who at that
tine wax king of the Argivcs. And Uii» you hrArv ttie
owtK why they say theae iukagco of the woulfe and bull were
htf roairltet place of Argos. Pyrrua being halfe
PYRRU8
A trail ud
woliig in
oofiper, *et aa
in iM dtr of
At]^ 6gDU
iagtegtAtr.
Danaus win
UMdtyof
AffMfron
kin^ GeUoor.
ApoUo Ljrdaa.
G«lMM>r
kiqi«f the
Argivea.
up
159
PYRRUS
HetenuB
Fyrrus *onn«.
The itrvuiine
love of au
Ele»h«tit to
Ilia keeper.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
discorngnl with the Kight of them, nnd also bicausc notluiige
fell out well Recording tu liU cxpcctocioD, thought beat to
rctyrc : but fearing the stroiteiivsw.- of the gates of the city,
he Kent unto his Konne Helenu*, whomi> he hud left without
the city with the gre«tt«t p&rte of his force and uniiv, com-
iiwuiiding htm to overthrow h peece of the wall tJint tiU laen
might the more readily g«t out, wid that, he miglit rveeive
tJiem,ift,heirenemiesbychaunce did hinder their eiimmingout.
But the messenger whom be sent, was so hasty aiid fearefull^i
with the tumult that troubled him in going out, that he did
not well understand what Pyrrus sayd unto him, hut reported
his message quite contrarv- Whercuppon the young prince
Ilelenus taking the beitt »ouldi<.-T» he nod with liim, and the
rest of his elepbnntes, etitred into the eity to helpehis father,
who was niiw geving backe : mid so biiig as he had rooiiie to
fight at ease, retyririg still, he \alliftiitly rvpulwtl those that
ift't upon hini, turning hia face oft unto them. Rut when he
watt oriven unto the streete that went from the market place
to the gate of the city, he was kept in with hw owne men
that entered at the same gate to heipe him. But they i
eoulde not hearc when Pyrrus cried out, and bod them go
backc, the noyse wa.'^ so great : and tbough the first had
heard him, and would have goni- bncke, yet they that were
behinde, and did stil thrust forward int«) tbe prense, did
not permit them. BesideH this moirover, the biggwt of all
the elephantes by mi.tforttine fell downe overthwart the gate,
where ne griudinge his teeth did hinder those al.to, tluit
woulil have coinen out and geven barke. Furthermore, an
other of the elephantes that were entred befort; into the city,
called Nieon (as much to say, as conquering) seeking his
governor that was striken downe to the ground ftY>m hia backe
with terrible btowes : ran upon them that catnc backe upon
him, overthrowing freiides and foes one in an others nccke,
ti) at the length having foiinde the body of his master slaine,
he lift him up from Uie ground with hi» troncke, and cary-
ing him niwn his two tushes, rt?tumed Iwcke with great
fury, trejuliiig all under fet^te he found in his way. Thus
cviPry man Iwing thronged and crowded up togetJier in this
sortc, thtTe was not one that could helpe him selfe : for it
160
I
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
•cenKd to be a maau and heape of a multitude, and one PYRROS
wbob body shut tosetber, wbioi sometinu? thrust forward,
and aoratuiM gave badce, as the sway went. They fought
not to much asainst tbcir enrmics, who set apon them
bchuute : but titey did them m.>1%'« morr hurt, then tbdr
tp e mio did. For if any drew out hts sword, or based hit
Ske, he cwuld fw-itlier M-»l>ari] U«nu- iigaino, nor lift up
ither, but thmnt it full u)k>ii his owiie ft-IUiwe«i tliat eaine
in to heipe them, and so killed them Helves one thrusting
upon an other. Wherefore Pyirus aedng his people thus
troubled and harried to and fro, tooke hia crowne from bia
beade which he ware spon his helmet, that made him knowen
of his men a farre of, and gave it unto one of hia familian
that was next unto him : and tnt^ing then to the goodnea
of hia hor»e, flewc upon his i-nemies that followed him. It
fbrtimed that one hurt him with it pykv, but the wound was
iMiitber daungvrouG uor gjvat : whcrfore Pymis art upon him
that bad hurt him, who wax an Argian bonie, a man of
meaite condition, and a poore oldc womanH Konnr, wbowe
mother at that present time waa gotten m> to Uie top[>e of
the tvlea of a house, as all other women of the city were, to
we uw fight. And she perreiving that it was lier aonne
whonie Pymis came apon, was so afrighted to see him in
that daunger, that she tooke a tvle, and with both her Kln^ Pynui
bandea cast it apon Pjrrrus. Thc'tyle falling of from his «l»ino *ith »
head by reason of his head peece, lighted full in the nape of |^' w™^'
hb nccVe, and brake his neckc bone a isunder r wherewith he
WHS sodainly so benummed, that he Umt hi» night with the
blow, the runn of hin bridle foil oul of hLs hiuidr, and htm
selfc fell from his horse to tlie ground, by Lirymmiiut tombc,
before any man knew what he was, at Uie lea:>t the amimon
rple. Untill at Ute last there came one Zopyna, that waa
pay with Antigonai, and two or three other aouldiera
abo tnat ran straight to the place, and knowing him,
dragged hia body into a gate, even as he was comming againe
to him selfe out of this traunse. This Zopyrus drewe out a
Slavon aword he wore by his side, to strike of his head. But
Pyrrus cast such a grimme cotmtenanrc on him betwenc hia
erce, that made him so ofraycd, and his hand so to shake
S:X 161
PVRRUS
AlcyoTieua
kini! Aiiti-
ATiti^niM
curtmio to-
wiinlh Pyrrus
Ixxly luitl
frtiidM.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
tlierewitli : that being thua aroarod, he did not strike him
rifjlit in tlie place where he should have cut of his head, but
killed him under his mouth about his chinne, so that he was
a great while ere he could strike of his head. The matter
was straight blowen abroade amotigcst diverse: whercupcHi
Alcyoneiis nmtiing thither, aikcd for the head that be might
know it n^aine. But whvn he had it, he nuinc prtsrntiv
utiti^i hir< mther witball, mid found him talking with hiH
familiar freiids, and (-a''t Pyrrti^ hciut iM-fuiv him. Aiitigonus
looking upon it, when he kixcw it, layed apon hi» mkiuk with
his staff'e, and called him cruell murderer, and unnsturall
barbarous beajtt : and so hvding hb eves with his cloke, wept
for pity, (remembring the fortune of his grandfather Anti-
gonus, and of his fatner Demetrius) and then caused l'>-nai«
Head and body to be honorably burnt and buried. After-
wards Alcyoncus meeting Ilclcnus (king PyrruB sonne) in
very poore state, mulled up with a |>oorc shorte cloke : used
him very curtvoutily with gentle wonlett, and brought him to
his father. AntignniiM seeiug his HOiine bringing of him,
snyd unto him : This parte now (my sonnv) i» bt-tter then
the first, fuid plwweth me a great dealt- more. But vet
thou hiwt not done all thou .iliouldest : for thou »huulacst
have taken from him hiw Ix'ggi'rly cloke he wcareth, which
doth more Hhame un titat are the gaincre, then him that is
the loser. After he had spoken these wordes, Antigonut
embraced Helenus, and having apparelled him in good
sorte, sent him home with honorable convov into nis
realme of Epirus, Furthermore, seasing all Pjttub
campe and army, he curtcously received all his
frendcs and servauntcs.
THB END OF PYKBUS UKK
4
4
16S
KuinaiiiM,
. gevi-n them, by reasun of tlie ciiiuiuestos they wan.
reason I'osidoniuH thinketli to overcome them that
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
THE LIFE OF CAIUS MARIUS
T is not knowcn what w(w tho thin! nniiH" of
Caius MariuK, no niort- thi-n of Qiiintitw
SertoHus, who liiui till S|)iiyi>i; in hix luindes
At one time: nor of Lucius MummiuK, Ite
Uwt (ifstroyed the citic of Corintlve. For Of tlw iwmei
Uii» niune of Athaicu«, that was geven ^'^*
unto MummiuA, of AfVitanus unto Scipiu :
and of Numidirus unto Metcllus: were all
sunmintr*
By tJiis reason
say, Uiat the third name the Komaines have, is their proper
tuuiK: as Cfunillus, MarccUus, Cato. For if it fell out so,
sayd he, then it must ncedes follow that tJicy which havo
two naiiieH, Khoiild have no proper name. But on the other
ode aim, he doth not eonsider that by the like rettson l>e
should say, tltat woineii have no names: for there is not a
woman in Koine timt Is eullcd by her fir«t name, which
I'osidonius judgeth to l>e tht- proper name of the Romaitie*.
j\Dd that of tl)e other two, the one i» Uic nnnniun name of
all the hou% or family, a.i of tlu- I'oitijieinns, of the Manlians,
and of the Cornelians, like as the Hei>ieliiles and the IVlopides
arc amongest the Greecjana : and the other is a surname
taken of the decdes, or of the nature, forme, or sliape of the
l>ody, or of some other like accident, as are these surnames,
Macrinus, Torquatus, and Sylla. Even as amongest the
Grecciaiis Iikewi$«, Mnemon, which significth having gotxl
memory : Grypos, having a crooked nose : Callinicos, coii-
3iienng. But o-t for that, the diver«itio of customc would
elivcr objection sufficient to the contrary, to him tliat
listed. And furthermore, as touching the favor of Marina Wwiosftvor,
face, we have seene an image of his in marl>cll at Ravenna,
a city of the Gaules, which doth lively represent tliat rouf;h
severity of nature and maner which they say was in him.
For being home a rough man by nature, ana seven to the
163
C'AIUS
MARIUS
Msriu* could
no Bkill of the
Qroeke touge.
PUtoesMj'-
iag to Xenu-
criit«ii.
Mali tut
pkreiits,
Rumen, ttnd
contry.
Msriu* firat
joriiiy >int»
til9 WUTOf.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
wam«, atui having folUwod the Mime altogether from his
vouth, more then tn<- civill life: wlien he came to authority,
lie could not bridle his anger and cliullericke nature. And
they say furtheniiore, that he never learned the Grwrke
tongue, nor used it iji any matters of weight : ss though it
had bene a mockery to study to leame the tongue, the
masters whereof lived in bondage under othets. After his
second triumphc, io the dedication of a certainc temple, he
made Greeke playcs to shewe the Itomaines pnsUnie: a»d
came into the Theater, howbeit he did but sit dovriK' only,
and went his way stntight. Wherfore me thinkts, tliat as
Plato was wont to say oft o«t»> Xeiiocrtttes the Fhiii>»ophef,
who was of u currish nature, had his head ever occupied, and
to severe : Xenucrates, my frend : I pray thee doe sacrifice
to the Graces. So if any man could liave peKwaded Manus
to have .•acrificed to the Muses, and to the Gretxrian Graces:
(tliat is to say, that he had knowen the Greeke tongue) to ao
many famous and glorious deedes as he did, both in peace
and waxres, he had not joyned so unfortunate and miserable
an end as he made, thruugh his choUer and eitrcame ambi*
tion, at such yeores, and Ui rough an unsatiable covctousnec,
which like boysterous wiudts made him to make shipwmcke
of all, in a most cruell, hloody, and uimatumll Jigc. The
which is cosily knuwen in reading the disoouive of his
doinges. First of all he was of a nieauv houw, borne of
poore parents by father and mother, that got their livings by
Hwvate of their browes. His fatlier as hnn selfe, was calUd
Coius: Fuldnia was his mother. And this was the cauae
why he beganne so late to haunt the city, and to leame
the civility and nuinnvrv of Rome, having bene brought
up alwayes before in a litlc poore village <^led Cimcaton,
within the territory of the city of Arpoa: where he led a
hard contry life, in respect of thone that lived pleosauntly
and finely in the cities, but otherwise well reformed, and
nearest unto the maimers of the aiincient Romaines. TTic
first jomey he made unto the warres, wax against the Cclti-
beriaiis in Spayne, imder Scipio African, wheii he went to
besiege the eity of Numaotia : where his Captoines in ahortc
time found that he was a better souldier, then any other of
161
ScipUi AfrU
uCdt of
Mwiiu.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
hia companions. For he did marvelous etuiily rucvive the CAIUS
idbnnation of manners, and the dudpliiie of w&rru^ which KURIL'S
Sdpio advaunccd amongest his souldiem that were ill trained
before, and gevcn over to all pleasure^ And they say, that
in till* sight of his Gfonall he fought hand to hand witl) one
of his enemies, and <ilew him : upon which occasion, lik-ipio
to make him love hini, did offer him many curtesies and
ple*Mtrv«. But vpvdallT one day ahote tne rent, having
niadv him mppv with rum at his table, some one after
uipper falling in talkv of Cautaini» that were in Rome
at that time : one that ittoodc uy Scipio, asked him (either
Incauae in deede Ik sto«xIe in doubt, or el«v fur tliat he
would curry favor witli Sdpio) wluit oUk-t Captaine tl>e
Homunea anould have after his dt-uth, like unto him. Sduio
having Marius by him, gently clapped him apun his shoulder,
and sayd : I'eniaveiiture this shalbe he. Thus Iiappely were
they both borne, the one to shew from his vouth that ooe
day he should come to be a great man. ana the other also
for wisely coujecturing the end, by seeing of the beginning.
Welt, it fortuned so, that tlic:^^' words of Scipio (by rcportc)
above all things else put Manns in u good nope, as if they
had bene spoken by Uie omclc of Kome god, and made him
bold to deale in matters of ntatv and common wnUth :
where, by mean<-« of tlie favor and countenaunce ('axiliua
MetelluA gave him (whose hou.ie hU fattier and he hail
alwayea followed and honored) he obtained the office of
Tribuneshij^. In thi!> office he preferred a law touching
the manner howe to geve the voycea in election of the
Magistrates, which did seeme to take from the nobility tJic
authority they had in judgement. And therefore the Con-
sull Cotta stepped up against it, and perswaded the Senate* CottaConsuU.
to nai:<t Unit Inwe, and not sufTer it to be authoriM-d, anil
tlunwithiill pn?<-iitly to cidl Mariw before tticm to ydd
srEMOD of his doing. So was it agreed u[^)on in the Senate.
Now Mariu.t ooimning into the Senate, w«« not abashed at
any thing, as some other young man would have bene, that
bod but newly begonne to enter into the world as be did,
and having no otner notable calling or <)uality in him,
■aving hi» vertue only to commend him : but taking boldenes
165
Tribune of
the people.
CAIUS
MARIUS
Two lortca of
vEdilo.
Cumli*.
jKdililai
popularia.
MariuH
deiir«(l to
be £dilis.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
of him sdfc (as the uoble actes be afterwards did, gave show
of his valor) he opeiily tbrratntd the Consult Cotta to sende
him to prison, il he did not prescntlv withdrawn the con-
clusion he had cau^'d to be resolved apon. 'l^ie Consull
then tumine him sclfe unto Cnrcilius MctcUus, asked liim
how he tikeu it P Mvtellus stJindiiig up, spake in tbc liebalfe
of the Consul! : and thvii Mariiiit ctilHng a scrgejiunt out,
coinmaunded him to tAkc Mett-lluN Ki'ltV, and to caiy him
to prison. MeteUus npjienlt-t] to Hit? iiUii^r Tribunw, but
never n one would takt^ hi^ matter in hand : to that the
Senatt- whfii all wan done, were com|)elled to call lucke
the conehiition that l>efore was taken, 'riieii Marius re-
turning with great honor into the market plaee among
the assembly of the people, caused this law to pa-tse and
be authorised : and every man lield opinion of him tliat
he would prove a stowt man, and such a one, as would
not stoupc for any fcai\', nor shrinke for bashfullncs,
but would beard the Senate in favor of the people. Not-
withstanding, he shortly uAvr chnunged opinion, and
altered tliv first, by an other act Iw mode. 1-or when an
other went «boi:t t<> have a kw made, to distribute come
unto every citim-ii without [myment of any penny, he was
vehemently against it, and ovt-rtlirew it : so tliat thereby he
came to he a like hon<inHJ an<l estenied of either party, as
he that would neither pleasure the one, nor the other, to
the ])rejudice of the common wealth. After he bad bene
'IVihune, he sued for the chicfcst office of vfidiUs, Of the
..Edilea there arc two sortes: the first is called JEdUitaa
Curulii, so named bicause of certaine chaycrs that bare
crooked fecte, uuon which they sit when they pcve audience.
The other is ul k-isse dignity, und tluit is called ^Edilitaa
jHtpuUirin : and when they have cbo»eii the first and grcatrr
/GdilJH at Rome, they presently proct^de the same day also
in the market place unto election of the lesiter. MariuN see-
ing plainely that he was put by the chiefest of the .i'Milcs,
turncfl apiine straight yet to demaund the second : but this
was misliked in him, and they tooke him for too hold, too
shameles, and too presumptuous a man. So that in one
sdfe day he bad two denyalles and repulses, which never
166
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
man but him xvlft- Ijefure hat]. And ni'vcrthelcsse, nil this
could not cut hi* combe, but iJiortcly after he sued also
for the Pnt-tnrshippe, and he lacked but lith- of the denial!
of tluit : yet in the ende, being Last of all choecn. he was
acaised to have bribed the people, and bought their voyccs
for mont-y. And surely amongest many other, thin jirc-
sumption was verygrettt: that they saw a inan of Cawiiis
Sabiioon within the barres where the election w nuult', rmi-
niog to and fro amonge them that gave their voyccs, bicaiuc
this Sabacon was I^rius very great frend. Ilic matter
came before the judges, and Sabacon was examined upon it.
Whereunto he aunswcrcd, that for the great extreame huate
lie felt, he was very drv< and a«ked for cmlde water to drinke,
and that this miui had brought hini some in a potte nhere
he was, howbeit that he went hi« way as soone as ever he
had dronkf. llil^ Sabacon was afti;rwardcs put out of the
Senate by the- next Ceniwnt, and many Judge that he was
worthy ot thin infamy, for tluit he wa* perjured in judgement,
or bicausc he wa* »o subject ajid gevi-ij to hw pleasure.
Cains Heniuiiuit was also called for a witnftwe against
Manus : but he did alleage for his excuse, that tlie hiw and
cuitome did dispense with the Patrone, to be a wituMsc
againnt his follower and client, and he was quit by the
judges. For the Romaines alwayes call those Patronx, who
take the protection of meaner then them selves into their
hattdes: saying, that Marius nredeccssore, and Marius him
eetfe, had ever bene followers of the house of the Herenniana,
Tlie judges received his nunswore, and allowed thereof. Hut
Manus spake against it, allrnging, that since he had received
this honor to licarc office in the common wealth, he was now
growen from this base eondicion, to l>e any more a follower
of any man : the which was not true in all. For every office
of a Sfagislnite doth not exempt him Uwt hath the office,
nor yet hi* posterity, to be inider the patn>nage of on other,
iMrdoth diwhiirgo him from tlie duety of honoring them:
but of necessity he must be a Magistrate, wbidi tlie law doth
permit to sit in the crooked chayer called CuruSs, that is to
say, caned up^ion a charet through the city. But notwitli-
standing that at the first hearing of this cause, Marius had
167
CAIUS
MARIUS
Mariuc
PtNtor.
Sftbacon put
of the Senati
Ciuiu Heren-1
111 us jileaded
in Muiut to
hstfe, touoli-,
lag: the patrol
and clieot.
CAIOS
MARIUS
MuiuRftctM
i» Spnyno.
Thp opinion
of Suiiiiyurdl
to olda timu.
Bloqiunce,
■ndridiM,
rftUed BieD to
authority.
Hov Marius
cr«Ut*Dd
■tttHMlna
gnw.
lulia, Mariu«
wife.
Marl us tem-
ptminco anil
padwu*.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
but ill (uocesse, and that the judges were gainst him all
the)- could : yet \n the ende for all that, at the last hearing
of his matter, Marius, contrary to all mens opinions, was dia-
chargcd. bicausc the judges opinions with and against him
fell to be of like number. He used him selfe vory ordcriy in
bis ofiicc of Pnctorshippc, and after his ycarc was out, when
it came to devide the provinces by lot, Spoine fell unto him,
wliich is Ix^yond the river of Ba-tis : where it i« reported that
hi- skowRHi all the contrie tlu-nMibout» of thevv« An<l robbt-m,
which notwitii.ttiiiuling wux yirt v^-ry cruell and savage, for
the rude, liarlmrou!', and uncivill manner and facion of life
of the inhabitanttat thtre. For the Spanyards were of
opinion even at that time, that it was a goodly thinge to
live apon tlieft* and robbery. At his rctume to Rome out
of Spayne, desiring to dcale in mattera of the common
wealtn, he saw that he had neither eloquence nor riches,
which were the two meancs, by the which those that were
at that time in credit And authoritVi did cary the people
even as they wintld. NotwithstiLnding, they made great
nccompt of nix eonxt^mcy and noble mindv they found in
him, of hL» {»r«at [wyne* and travell he tooke continually,
and of the simplicity of hin life : which were cauaeH to bring
him to lionor and pn-fcrmeut, insomuch an he maricd very
hiffhiy. For he marled lulia, that was of the noble hou!«e
of tlie Ciesara, and auiite unto lulius Cwsar : who after-
wardes came to be the chiefest man of all the Romaines, and
who by reason of that allyance betwenc them, seemed in
some tningcs to followe Marius, as we have wrytten in his
life. Marius was a miui of great tempcraimce and pacience,
as may be judged by lui iu;tc- he did, puttingc him selfe into
the hnndos of siirgwms. For his shmickes unci Icppcs were
fidl of great swollen veynes, and lieing angiie bicausc it waa
no pleasaunt thinge to licliolde : he aeU-rminai to put htm
selfe into the handw of Mirgeons to be cured. And first,
laying out one of hi^i lef^ges to the surgeon to worke upon,
he would not lie bound as others are in the like case :
but paeientlv abode all the extreame paines a man must of
necessity feele Ijeing cut, without slurring, groning, or sigh*
ing, still keeping hts countenatmce, and sayed never a wora.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
But when the surgeon bad done with bis first legge, and
would have gone to the other, he would not gevo it him :
Nny Myd he, I see the cure ts not worth the paine I must
■U}idv. Aflerwaides, Civciliiis MetvlliiB thu Consull, being
•pgrnintLx] to go into A£ncke to niulte wurrv with king
lujjurthe, tookcMariuH with him for one ufhiNLiimtfniuintes.
Muiux being tiwn^ iweing notAblv good service to lie done,
[and good ocuMon to shew hist inoiinoode, was not or mtnde
in thk voyage to increote Meteilun hon<ir and reputacion, oa
other Lieu tenaun tea did : and tliouKht that it watt not
yHcteJluH that called him forth for ah Ueutenaunt, but
ne her seife that presented hira a fit occasion to raise
him to greatnes, and (as it were) did lead him by the hand
into A goodly 6eld, to put him to the proofe of that he
coulde doe. And for this cause therefore, he endcvored him
^Ife to shew all the possible proofcs of vaUiantnesse and
aor he could. For, the warrra being great continimJly
Etbere, he never for fcarc refused any attempt or Ker^ice, how
idaungerouj or i>uirifiill soever it were, neither disdaim-d to
take any .tervice in hand, were it never m litle : I)ut execeding
all other his fellowea and companionn in wiitednmc anil fore-
sigfat, in tliat which was to be doiie, and striving with the
nest Bouldiers in liWng hardly and painefully, wanne the
iwill and favor of every man. For to say bTiely, it is a
at comforte and refreshing to soiddiers that labor, to have
npanions that labor willingly with them. For they thinke,
that their company laboring with them, doth in manner take
away the compuUion and necessity. Furthermore, it plcaseth
the Kumainc iwuldicr mar%'elously to mm.- the Genernll eate
popcnlv of the *jime hn-ad hv eateth, or that he lyeth on a
'lurd bed an he doth, or that him selfe is the tSr»>t man tn set
his hande to any worke when a trenche is to l>e cast, or their
campe to be fortitied. For they doe not ao much esteeme
the Captaines, that honor and reward them : as they doe
those that in daungerous attempts labor, and venture their
lives with them- ^Vnd further, they do farre better love
them that take painra with them, then tliosc that suiTcr them
to live idlcly by them. Mariiis iH.-rfoniiing all this, and
winiiing therebv the love and goonwilh of his suuldien : he
3 : Y ' 169
CAIUS
MARIUS
Mctellus
CousuU,
Mmtiu;
Metullui
LieuUtuiiuit
In the warre
•Kalukt
lugurthe.
The liilMwr
and jiTCM^CO
of the (ilTOC-
ntll mnkrth
thu Kouldieni
worku «U.
liojjly.
CAItIS
MARIUS
Msrius the
author of
Turpiliu*
fnloe uccuntt-
tiun and
<l«Bth.
Vuecs, a
|p«at city.
The cause of
the supposct
treiwon
BKninrt
lurpiliui.
TurpUiua
wrongfully
put to death.
Diopliviituru
bntwixt
Mctdlun uid
Mariua.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
straight Blled all Libya and the aty of Bome writh his glory,
so that he was in every oianns mouth. For they that were
ill the campe in Afnckc, wrote unto tht-m that were at
Uonie, that they should never kcc the cnde of these wamcs
against this bartmroiis king, if they gave not the charge unto
Mariiis, and cho«e him Conxull. 'lliesc thinges misUked
Mctellu* very much, hut specially the ini.sforliiiic that caine
apon Turpilius, did marvelously trouble him : which fell out
in this sorte. Tur]>ilius waa Metellus frtnde, yea he and
all his parentes luui followed Metellus in this warre, being
master of the workes in his campe. Metellus made him
governor over the city of \'aeea, a goodly great city : and be
using the inhabitant*^ of the «unc very gently ajid curteously,
mistrusted nothing, till he was fallen into the handcs of his
enemies through their trviwuTi. Fnr they hod brought king
lugurthe intt) their city unknowing to him, howlx-it thuy
dill liim no hurt, but onely Iteggt-d him uf the king, atx! let
liim goe lii.s way .lafe. And tliis wa.i the cause why they
ac^cused Turpilius of treason. Marius being one of his
judges in the counsell, was not contented to be bitter to hira
him selfe, but moved many of the counsel! besides to be
against him. So that Metellus by the voyccs of the people,
was driven again«t his will to cundenine him, to suffer as a
traitor: and shortly after it was foiutde, and proved, that
Tur|)ilius wan wrongfully conilcnnied, and put to death. To
say tnii'ly, there wat not one of tlu' counsel but weiv very
Kory with Metellus, who marvelous impadently tooke tKc
death of the poore innocent. Hut Marius contrarily re-
joyced, and tooke it upon him that he pursued his death,
and was not ashamed to make open vauntes, that he had
hanged a fury about Metellus necke, to revenge his
frendcs bloiKl, whom lit- giltleese h^td caused to be put to
death. After that titut; they became mortall enemies. ^Vnd
they say, tliat one day Mctvllus to niocke him withall, sayd
unto him : good man, tliou wilt leave us then, and retumc
to Rome to sue for the Consiilshippe, and cannt thou not be
contented to tarv to be Consull with ly sonne .•' Now his
-wnne at that time was but a boy. But whatsoever the
matter ment, Marius left hira not so, but labored for leave
170
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
a)] be could possible. And Metellua after he had used many
deUyea and excuses, at the length zave him leave, tnelve
daycs only before the day of election o? the Consulls. Where-
fore Manus made hast, and in two dayes and a nisht came
ffum the campc to Utiut apoo the sea side, which is a mar-
rclous way from it ; and tncrc before- he tookc nhippv, did
McHHcc- unto tlie godd(.«, and the SoothsHver toldv him,
tJiat thtf j^ldtii by thi; nigni.'s of hU sncrificn, did uromi-tc
hiin uncrixlible proHix-nty, and m great, as he- himMUe durst
not hope after. Ineae worde* made Moriun hart gntter.
Whereupon he hoysed sayte, and luiving a pacing good gale
of winde in the poope of Hie shippe, ikOHwd the Neae* in foure
dayes, and being landed, rode poste to Rome. When he
was lurived, he went to thewe nim selfe unto the people :
who were mairelous desirous to see him. And heinfi brought
by one of the Tribunes of the people unto the pulpit for
orations, after many accusations which he objcctra against
Mctel)u«, in the end he besought the people to choose him
Consul], promidng that within few dayes he would either
kill, or take king lugurthe priwonor. Whereupon he was
cho«en C«>ii!»ull without any contnuliction. And so itoone n»
he was proclaimed, he Iwgiinne imniediatly to leavie men of
warre, causing many jmore men thitt had nothing, and many
■lavea alM>, U* be enrolled agiLin.'<t tho order of auncient
cuatome: where other (*a]it>une» before him did receive no
sueh maner of men, and did no more sutler unworthy men to
be souldiers, then they did allow of unworthy officers in the
common wealth : in doing the which every- one of them that
were enrolled, left their goodea behinde tfiem, as a pledge of
their good service abroade in the warres. Yet this was not
the matter that made Marius to be ntost hated, but they
were his stowtc prowde wordcs, fidl of contempt of othcm,
that did chicfcly oft'endc the noble men in the city. For he
prochiimcil it every when- iibnwuU' lus it were, lliitt his Con-
itulUhippc wax n si>oyI(- he had gott<-n of the effeminate riehe
noble men through hia valliantncs, and that the wounds
which lie had ujion his body for service of the common
wealth, and not the monument^ of the dead, nor the images
and statues of others, were tho&e that recommended him to
171
CAIU9
MARICS
Mariui flrtt ,
tim* of baiqi
CoDtall.
Nfarios
offeiidad th«|
nobility.
CAIUS
MARIUS
Muiua
(ioprived
Metellus of
tlie honor of
cotKi lie ring
of kiDK
lugiirtlie.
Bocehuii
kinge of
Nuniidia,
delivervth
lu^urthe
unto Syllft.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
the people, nor weare hitt strength. And ofttimea naming
Albinus, and otherwhile Beatia, both noWe men, and rf
great bouses, who having bene Generalls of the Ituniainc
army, had very ill fortune in the contry of Libya : be c&Ued
tbem cowardes, and simple souldicrs, asking tbcm tiiat were
about bim, if they did not thinkc that their aunixsten would
rather have vrishrd to have left their children that came of
them like unto him *elfe, then tiuch as thcv had bene : con-
itiderin^ that they tbem !«clveK bad wonne ^lonor and gloi^*
not for that they wen- diKeenrliMl of noble blood, but thioufffa
their deserved vertue and valliant deedea. Now Manus
spoke not these wordes in a fooliahe braverv, and for vaiae
glory onely, to purchase the ill will of tne nobility for
nothing : but the common people being very glad to see him
shame and di^spito the Senate, and me&suring alwaycv the
greatm's of his corn^c with bis havrty fierce wordes f*^y
e-ggcd him forward still not to spare tlie nobility, and to
reprove the ffrx'jvt men, so that he ever held ""ith the com-
munalty. And furtbennore, when he wax pAMcd over againe
into Airicke, it sniti-rl Metelhitt to the hart, bicause that he
having ended alt the warre, that there remained almost no
more to take or winne, Marius sboidd come in that sortc to
take away the glory and triumphe out of his handcs, baring
sought to rise and mcrease by imtbankcfullncs towards bim.
He would not come to him therefore, but went an other
way, and left the army with Rutilius one of his Ucutenaunte*,
t« de!iv(T the same unto him. Howbeit the revenge of thia
ingratitude, lighted in the eiido upon Mnriu* owne neeke.
For Sylla tooke out of Marius hands the honor of ending
this warnr : even na Man us had taken it from MetcUus. But
how, and after what sorte, I will re)>eate it in few word^,
bicause we have written tiie particularities more at large in
the life of Sylta. Roochus king of high Numidis, was father
in law unto king lugurthe, unto whom he gave no great
ai<Ie, whilest he made warres with the Romaines, bicause he
hated bis un faithful Ines. and feared least be would nuikc
him selfe greater then he was ; but in tlie end, after lugurthe
[tad fled, and wandered up and downc in e^-ery place, he w«»
constrained of very necessity to east hi.'« Inst hope and ancker
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
npon him, ns hU flnall refu^ luid m repayre unto him.
King Boochus received him mther for tihaiiie, bicause he
(hint not punish him, then for any love or (goodwill he bare
him : and na^Hiig him in his handu, *eeined ojienly to intreate
MaHus for him, and secretly to wrjle the contrary unto him.
But in the Dicanc time, he practised treason under hande,
and wnt privcly for Lucius l^ylla, who then was Quiestor (to
my, hifffa trcn^orer) under ^Inrius, and of wbome he had
rcot-irea cortaine uleasureti in those wnrrcti. SyUa tmsting
to thia iMrlMTous King, went at his wuiding for to him. But
when hf wft.1 cmnr, king BcKchus rvjH-uti-d him of his pro-
mine, and altered hU mindo, .itaiuiin^ many dayc^ in doubt
with him selfe howi^ to rennlve, whether lie should deliver
king lugurthe, or keepe Sylla him selfe : yet at the last he
went on with his purpose and intended treason, and delivered
king lugurtbe alive into Syllaes hands. And this was the
fint onginall cause of the pestilent and mortall enmitie that
grew aftcrwardcs betwixt Marius and Sylla, and was like to
hare utterly overthrowcn the dtie of Rome, and to have
rmccd the fnttitdation of th<.- em])yn' imto the grounde. For
nmny envyingc the glorie of Marius, gave it out every where,
that this Acte of the taking of king lugurthe, appertained
only unto Sylla: and Sylla him wife cauitcd a ring to be
made, which he ware commonly, an<l liad graven upon the
stone of the same, how Bocchus delivered lugurthe mto his
handea. And afterwardes he made it allwayes his scale to
dbpite Marius with all, who was an ambitious and proude
man, and couldc abide no companion to be partaker of the
glorie of his doings : and Sylla did it specially at the pro-
curement of enemies and ill willcrs, who gave the glory of
the beginning and chicfc cxpjoytji of thi? wnrrc, unto Mctellus,
■nd tne U«t and finall cniMrluxion unto Sylla, to Uie ende
that the people should not lutvi- MnHus in no grvat twtima-
cion and good opinion, ait they Itad iKfore. But all thia
eavy, detraction, and hatred against MariuH, was aoone after
extmguished and troden under foote, by reason of the great
daungcr that fell apon all Italic out of the West : and they
never spake of it afterwardcs, knowing that the common
wealth stoode in accde of a good Captaiuc, and that they
CAIUS
MARIUS
Lueiuj Sjrlla
und«f Uwiufa
i
The orlKlaal]
cause of the
eirill warres
betwirt
Mkriui and
Sylla.
Tlie ciymniln^
iutu ItftJie of
U>« Tf'utnnH
and Cimbfw.
Th« nrinj- of
Iba Teuton*
Knd ('imhroii
noooOO men.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
CAIUS begantw to lookc about, mikI consider who should be thAt
MARIUS great wise Pylot, that niiglit save and prcstn-c it, from so
cxceding dnungerou)! stonm> of wan«s. For then- was not a
noble moil of nil the auncient houMS of Rome, tliat (lur«t
undertake to ofTer him selfe to deinaunde the ('oit!tuII»hi{>|ie :
btit Moriu* being nbnent, was choaen Ginmill the .secoixl time.
For lugurthe was no sooner taken, but tiewes eame to Rome
of the eoniniitiff dowiie of the Teutons, and of the Cimbres,
the which would not be beleved at the first, by reason of
the infinite number of the fighting men which was sayd to
be in their company, and for the uncredibte force and power
of arniics which was j ustified to cx>iiic tdso : but ofU-rwardes
they knew plninely, thnt the rumor that ranne abroadc was
Icsse, then the tn)th Ml out in decde. For they were three
hundrvd Uiowxand fighting men all onned, who brought
with tJHin alto an other multitude as grent (or more) of
women and children : which wandered up and downe seeking
eontrioM and towneo to dwell and live in, an they hi«nt say
Uio (iaulcih had done in olde time, who leaxiiig their owne
oontry, came, and hail possessed the best parte of Italic,
which they had taken away from the Thuscans. Now to
say trueiy, no man knewe of what nation they were, nor
from whence they came : as well for that they had no frend-
shippe with any other people, as also bicause they came out
of a farre contrv. 'w a clow<ie of people that was sprcd all
over Gaute and llrilic. It was doiitwi mticb Umt they came
out of Gerniiinye, dwelling itlmut the north sea: and this
th«v conjectured by viewc of the grcatiiw of their Ixxlic:*,
aoci nUo for that tHvy hod darke blew eyes and reddc, licsidcs
that the Germanes tn tlidr tongue doe call theeves and
Omfcri. robben, Cimbri. Other say that Ccltica, for the great length
and laigenes of the contry, stretching it selfe from the const
of the great Occcan sea and from the north partes, drawing
tovrards the m&risscs M(Foti<les, and the East runneth into
Scythia, or Turtaria Pontica: and that for iteighbourhood
these two nations joyned togcthtT, and went out of their
contrie, not that tliey made tlii^i great voyage all at one
time, btit at manv simdry timi'S, marching ycsrely in the
spring furtiier ant) further into the contry. Aud thus by
174
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
oontiiiuaiic-e of time, they passed by forw of annes through CAltW
oil the finne laodc of Europe: iind that for this cause, MARIUS
althousfa they bad ittany piirlicuW iiHtncs according to
tbe divenitie of their iinliuns, yet id I this masse aikd ^^i
taultitudc of people gHtliered togeUier, were called not- ^H
withstaodiog, Uiu iirtny of the ('eituscythcs, lu who would ^H
MV) Uk CcltotartareM. OtJier hold opinion thnt the nation ^|
gf the CiinmeriHiis, whn were knoweii in old time fur auncicnt Cimnwrij.
Graeciana, the «ne parte of them were not very grvAt in
respect of the whole, the which being fled (or driven out
of their contrie for some civil! di^eention) were compelled by
the Tartares to passe bcvond the marisscs Mceotide^ into
the contries of Asia, under the conduction of a Captaine
called Ligdamis. But the residue of them which were a
larre greater number, and more warlike men, they dwelt in
the furdcst partes of the uirth, adjoyning unto the great
Occcan si-a, in a durkv Nhudowvd cnntHe, covered with wonder-
full furrcstes, of such Ivngth, and so great and thicke, and
the trees so high, that the .luune cait htive no power upon
the ground, aiKi they joyne ban! u]km» the great forr^-st of
Uen^iia. And furthermore, Uiey are under »iich a climate,
where the pule in of such a height by the incliniitiun of
the circles equidistant, which they call i'arallelles, tliat it is
not farrc from the poynte that aunswcreth directly to the
plummet uppon the head of the inhabitantes : and where
the dayes are cquinocttall, tliev doe devidc all their time
in two part*-*, tlic which gevetfi Homer occasion to faync,
that when Ulis^es would aul uuun the dead, he went into the
contiT of the Cimmerians, m into the coutry of hell. And
this » the cauxe why they .say the.iv barbarous people left
their owne contries to come into Italic, which from the bc-
glDDing were called Cimmerians, and afterwordcs they nj
(and not without great likelyhoodc) that they were sumamed
Cimbres : howebeit that is spoken rathci- by a likely conjec-
ture, then by any assured troth of history. And a» for Ol«
multitude of men, the most parte of histoHographers doc
wryte, that they were rather moe, then lease then we iiaw
spoken of: and that they were so hardy and valliant, that
nothing coulde stoode before them, they did so great tl)inge«
175
CAins
MARIUS
Muiu«ch«Mu
CoQKuU the
■eoond time
SKuiiat the
Uw.
L*wmustgii'«
place for oain>
moa beoefit.
Mniiu
triurnphe
iuto Rome,
for kiDg
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
by the strengUi of tlieir ltan(l» whvrc they fought with any»
!M} viiilently, and so sodaiiiely, that thvy Kivnird to Iw like
a lightititige fire all aliout where Uiey atme. By menites
whereof, they met with no man tJiat uurst resittt them, Imt
ocraped together and caried away, all that they found, hand«
OTer head ; and there were many Uomaine Captaines ap-
pointed governors to kccpe that wliich the Komaines held
ni Gnidf bcyondf tin- inountnini-M, who with great armica
were shaiiiefnlly im-rtlirowcii hy thi-m. The tx)wai-(llynes of
thosi% wtioni thi'v hiid overconiv, wfu the chieti^t cAUKe that
moved ttwta to direct their joniey to ItonH'. Pur whvn they
had vftn<iu»hed thv fint they fought wittiall, and gotten
great ridiuMe altto : they were so ficslied hy Uiif, tlial they
aetenniiied to stay no where Iiefore they had first destroyed
Koine, and sacked all Italie. The Koinaines hearing of this
out of all partes, sent for Marius to geve him tlie conduc-
tion and leading of these warres, and chose him Coiisull the
sccondc time: notwitlistjinding that it was directly against
the tawc. that did vxpn.>ssvly forbid any iiitui to be chosen
being ab!«nti and until! aim) a cert'tinc time appointed hod
past bctwene the vacation and elrction, l>eforv they could
chooH; him oHiw-r twise in one office. Sutne altcitged thi»
law, of intent to hinder the election. But the people
rejiuUt them, objecting to the contrary' : that thia was not
the fintt time the law had geven place to the benefit of the
coinmoti wealth, and that the occasion offered to abrogate
the law at that present was no lesse, then former occasions
by the which they chose Scipio Consull, against the coiine
and time appoint^'d by the law, iiot for any feare they stoode
in to lose their owne contrie, but for the dcsin- they hjul to
destroy the contry of the Carthu^titanH, hv n^ison whereof
the people proceeded to election. And I^IuHim hringit^
home his armie ogftine out of Libya into Italie, tooke [xisms-
sion of hi-'t C^>n»uUhip the first day of lanuary (on which t\ay
the Homaine* l>eginne their yeare) and tlierwithall made
hilt triumpho into the city of Itonie, showing that to the
Komaineoi which they thought never to have secne: and
that wa», kinge lugurthc prisoner, who was so subtill a man,
and coulde so well frame lum hcUc unto his fortune, and with
176
:
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
his craA and subtUHe was of so great coragc besides, that CAI08
none of bis enemies ever hc^>ed to nare had bim alive. But UARJUS
it is sayd, tbat after be was led in this triumphe, he fell mad
straight apon it. And the pompe of triiimphe being ended,
he was caried into prisone, where the serseatint£« for lw*t to
have U>e spoyle of him, tare bis apparell by fnrw from of
h\a bneke : and bicause they would take awav his rich golde
eare ringes that lioiig at nix eares, they pulled away witli
them tlie typpe of his eare, and tlwn cost nim naked to the
bottome of a deepe dungeon, his witte« being altogether
troubled. Yet wlien they ilid throw him downe, laughing
he aayd : Hercules, liow colde are your stoves. He livea
there yet six dayes, fighting with hunger, and desiring
alwayes to prolong his miserable life unto the lajt howcr :
the which was a just deserved punishment for his wicked life.
Id this triumphc were caried (as thev say) three thowsaod
and seven hundred pound weight in gold, and of nlver nygots,
five thowsand seven hundred and Ixxv. poundc weight: and
more in goldc and ready coync, eight and twenty ttiowsand
WhI seven hundred crowncs. After this triumphc, Mtriiu
caused the Senate to assemble within the Capitoll, where he
cntnd into tJic comjiame with his triumpliiiige robe, eitlier
bkause he forgot it, or else of too grotse ana undviU arro-
gancy : but perceiving that all tlie ««semblie mtsliked of it,
be ro*c mdainly, and tooke hi« lone Consulls gownc, and
then returned cguickely againc into Im place. Furthermore
Marius departing to goe to the warres, tl>ought to traine How Morius
his army ny the way, and to harden his souldiere nnto *^*'?^ '"'*
tabor, causing them to runne every way, making great longc •'^"Wtert. i
jomeys, compelling ech souldier to cary his ovmc furniture,
and to prepare him necessary nttells to finde him s«lfe
withall : so that ever after they made a proverb* «f it,
and called such as were paineful and willme to do that
which thcr were commaunded without gruagine, Marius Marius
morks. Other notwithstanding, do shew an outer cause »oylM.
ano beginning of this nrovcrbe. For they say, that Sdpio
lying at the sit^ of tnc dty of Numantia, would not only
ike view of the armor and hor«S! of wnico that were in
his armie, but aUo of the nioyles nn<) other bcastes of bunlni,
8 : Z 177
CAIUS
MARIUS
M&riua com-
meudwl fur
hla juKticc
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
bkaiue he would see how they were kept and funiiabed. So
MaHus brought his horse and moylc to the niustiM' which
he kept him si-lfe, fatto, fnyiT, nnd very well drcst, and liis
movk't! hcarc no Elikt- nnd smooth, and thtrvwithall so liuty
anil trimme, as none uf the n«t were hke unto tlieni. Scipio
tooke great pleasure to »ee tJie»« beaste* tto well kept, and
in so f^ood plytc: inxomuch as he spake of it aftervardit many
a time and oft. And upon his words, this manner of taike
was taken up ever after, aiid became a common proverbe :
iFhen they meane to mocke any man that is paiiiefull, and
eeveu to sore labor, makingc as though they would praise
him, they call him Marius moylc. Furthermore, it was
A happy tumc for Marius (in mine opinion) that these
barbaroui^ {x-ople (likv in force to the beating httekc of the
riifring seacs) timied their (imt fury tow<inU« Sjuiyne: aud
Umt he in the meane space had time and li-aMin; to traine
and exerci.te his souldier*, to make tlieiii bolde-, atid withal),
him selfe to be throughly knowen amangest them. For when
by litle and litle they had learned not to olTend, nor disobey:
then they found his rough commaunding, and sharpe scTeri^
in punishing such as slackv their duety, both prohtable and
very noccssaric, besides that it was also just and reasonable.
Againc, his great fury, his shaqie words, and bis Gcroc
lookcs, after they had a while bene used to them, by litle
and litle they seemcil iiotlunge so fearfull to them, as to
their enemies. But th*; thing that plcu^ed tlie souldiers
more then all tlie rest, wa» hiA justirv and upright deal-
ingo : whereof they re|x>rt<- such an example : jfariun liat]
a iiepbewe of his in his canipe called Caius Liisiiis, uho liad
charge of men in the army. 'ITiis Lusius was taken for a
marvelous honest man, saving that he had this fowlc vice
in him, that he would be so&nlv in love with faycr young
boyes: and as at that time he fell in love witli a trimme
younge striplinge, colled Trebonius, that served under him,
and having niiiny times lewdly entised him, and never could
obUiine Ids nur])iwe,Mt Ihe last jtciit for him one night by his
servttunt- The young man might not dicobay his Optainc
Ix'ing iM-nt for, but presently went unto bun. When he was
come into his tent, and that his Captaine did strive with all
178
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
tun force to <Ioe him villanny : Ix dtvwe out his sworde, and
killed hini in the p\tux. And this wus done whun Mnnus
was out «f lii.i c«mi>c : who »o soonv rs ht- n.'tnmid, cHu^d
the manhall to bring thi: young man Itc-fofx: him. Many
stepped forth Htmight to accuw him, but no miui to defend
him. Wherefore he boldly began to tvll hiK tale hiin.ielfe,
and to name many witne«se», who had l>oth Heene and kiiowen
how his dead t.'aptaiiie had often timet ofiere<I him dinhunor,
and how that he had continually resisted his abhoniinabte
motion, and would never yeld him selfe unto him, for any
gift or present he could oner him. Wherefore Morius com-
mending him greatly, and being v-cry glad of it, caused
prc^ntly one of those crownes to be brought imto him,
whidi are ttscd to be gevcn to them that in a day of
battel have done «>me valliant deedr, hikI he him selfe
did orownc Trebonius withall. m one that hiul ilouv a
nohl*' ftcte, and at such a time, a-t good and iHinest ex-
amples were rvcjuiHite. This judgement of Mariim heinfe
coned to Knme, KtocHli; hini tu great gtKKl purixMe towaroea
the obtaining of his third ConsuLihip]te: ueaides aliM) that
they looked f<»r the cimnning tmcke of these liarharoua
[K-ople about the springe witli whome tlie llomainc souldiers
would not light under any other Caplainc, then Marius.
Howbeit they came not so mmnc ngaine as they looked for
them, but Marius passed over also th*.' yeare of his third
Consullshippc, So time comming about ugaine for the
election of ncwc Consulls, and hi» coin[MUiioii also lieing
dead : ho was driven to goe him selfe imt« Rome, leaving
the eluirgc of his camjH- in hi" idMcnee, unto Manius Acilius.
At tlmt time thoir were many noble men that sued for tlie
Con»ulship)>e: but LuciuH SatuniiniLs one of tJie Tribunes,
who had the commutmlty under hi.i girdell as he would him
aelfe, more then any of thother 'IVibunes, and being wonne
under hand by Mariua, made many orations, in the which he
pcrswadod the people to cliootie Marius Consull the fourth
time. Mariua to the contrary, seemed to refuse it, saving
that he would none of it, though the people chose iiini.
Whereupon Satuminus called him traitor, crying out, tliat
bis rcfusall in such a daunecr and time of neoeflntr, wan an
178
CAIUS
MARIUS
MwtUm third
ConsuU-
*hipp«.
MiuiJus
ArlliuD I.lm-
UnAiit nf Uia
nrm^, uudw
.)tanus.
Ludu*
SAtumiuuN
Tribuae.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
CAIUS apparant parte to betray the oommon wealth. It waa found
MARIUS stmizht triat this was a erosse pockc betwixt Satuntiniis and
Manus, by such as could sw day at a litle hole. Ncvcrthe-
Icsso, thi- people consiik'riiig that their present trouble*
required MariuH skil and good forluue in the warres, t)i«y
Mariui fuurtli made him Consull the fourth timv, and Joyned Catulus
Couiullahipiie Lijclatlus Consul witJi him, a mail that was greatly honored
r rt«tf '" "^ ^'■' ""l^'''ty, and not miitlikwl also of the voinmun people.
ManiiN haviiiu iiewe« of the u))proelii[ig of Uie barbarous
people, jia^ieii over tlie Alpett witli great speede, and fortify-
RhodaDUifl. ing nis canipe by Uie river of Khone, he brought great pro-
vision of alt kindes of vittels thither with him, least being
atraighted by lacke thcrof, he should be forced to come to
battell at any other time, but even as he would him selfe,
and as it should seeme good imto hiui. And where before
that time the transporting of vittells unto his eampc by
sea was very long, and [iitiiiigrrous, and a marvelous great
cliarge beside.s i he mmle it very »ht>rte (md tUMn by thin
Dteanes. The mouth uf the river of Rhone had gathered
together ho much mudde, and such ittore of nande, wnich the
waves of the sea had cast on heapes together, that the .tame
was becomcn very high and depe : so as the tiaitckeii made
the entry into it veiy narrow, hard, and ilaungerous for
great shippes of buroen that came from the sea. Mariua
considering this inatti^'r, set his men a worke while they had
nothing to do, nnd iiiailc thein digge a large trench and deepe
ehannell, into the which he tumou a great parte of the river,
and caried it to a convenient place of the coast, where the
water fell into the sea by an open gulfv, whcrby he made It
able to cary the greatest -Hhiupe.i thjit wen- ; and besides
that, it was in a very still quiet plane, not being troubled
with windea nor waves, 'ITie channel! earicth yet hi* name,
and is called Marius Channell or trenehe. These barbarous
Q>le devided them selves into two armies to pasK into
e, so that it fell out to the one parte which were Uic
TheCimbrw ('imbrcB, to goe through high Germanye, and to force that
wcotthrouKh |w»5age which Catulus kept: and unto the other parte,
t.«rTnMi«ioto ^hjj.jj ^^^ y^^ Teutons and Ambrons, to passe through the
contry of the GenouesJans by the sea side against Mariua.
180
Miiriiiii
chaaaslL
lulit^
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Now the Cimbres having the greater coinpaase to fetch CAIOS
about, stayed lenger, and remained behinde : but the MARIUS
Teuttms and the Ambrons going their way first, had in fcwi* '^' Teuu»i»
dayefl dispatched their jomey they had to go, to bring them ^u npon *
to the campe where the Itoniaincs lay, unto whom they Mariuii to
presented themselves by infinite immbi'TH, with terrible focvM psme into
to beholde, and their crj-es and voyoes farrc oontiary imto ltAlie,thiomIi
Dther mens. Tliey tooke in a mnrvclouH d«de of grounde in ^» t«f"t<"r
length til cami)e upon, and so can>e forth to d«fie Mariua, '"'"'■•
and provoke iiim to baltell in o)>eii liel<l. >Cariu» made
no reckoning of all tlteir bragging defianees, but kept his
men togetlier witliin his cauipe, taking on terribly with them
that would raahely take upon them to move ought to the
OOQtrary, and which through impacienee of choiler would
nedes go forth to light, calling them trajiors to their
contry. For said he, we are not come to fight for our
pri\'ate glory, ncitlier to winne two triuniphcs nor victories
for our selves : but we must seekc by all meancs to divert
and put by this great shower of warres from us, and this
Ughtning and tempest, that it overcome not all Italie.
TbeK words he NgMike unto the private CfiptAtni.-!4 which were
under him, as unto men of havior and ({uality. But m* for
tJie common Mitildien, he made them .itaitde upon the
trcncbol of hi.-* eainpe, one after an other lo l>ehold the
enemiea, and to aoquaint them selveH with sight of their
fitoes, their eoiuitenaunce, and marching, and not to be
afrayed of their voyces to heare tliem speake, which were
wonderfuU, both straunge and beastly : and also that they
might know the facion of their weapons, and how they
handled them. And by this order and ordinary viewing of
them, in time he made the things that itemed fearefull imto
his men at the fint sight, to be afterwords verv familiar : to
that they made no more wondring at them. For he judged,
tile thing which in decde is true, that a rare and new matter
iMVcr ».vnf before, for liurke of judgement and underttand-
ilUF, mnkcth UiingM iinknowen to us, more horrible and fcarc-
fuU then they ore : and to the contrary, that cuKtoimr takcth
away a great dcale of feare, and terror of those things, which
by nature arc in deede fearefulL The which was leeoe then
> 181
CAIUS
MARIUS
Murtha, a
wine womAU
or prophet-
eue.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
bjr experience. For they being dayly acquainted to lookc
upon these barbarous people, it did not only diminish some
parte of the former feare of the Romaine souldiers : but
furthermore they whetting their choller with the fierce un-
toUerable threates and brogges of these barbarous brutish
pcopk-, did set their hartes a fire to fight with thvm,
uicausc they did not only wast and destroy all the contry
abottt them, but besides that, canic to geve asmult e-rea
unto their cAinpc with such a lK>ldn(.>8, that, tht- Komaine
souUlient could no leiigt.-r MutTcr tlicni, and they letted not to
qwake wonies that came to Mariu.-t vares him sdfe. What
cowardhnes hath Morius ever knowen in us, that he keepca
us thus from lighting, and under locke and key as it were, in
the gard of porters, as if we were women ? Let us tbcrc-
fbre shew our selves like men, and go aske him if he lookc
for any other soiddicrs beside our selves to defend Italic :
and if he have dctennincd to employ us as pioners onvly,
when he would cast a trenche to ridde away the muddc, or to
tiinie a river contrary. For therein hatn be onely hiUwr-
unto finployt-d us in gn.'«t btbor, and they arv the notable
worktw he hath done m his two ConxuUshippes, whereof he
niakvth htK boast unto tliem at Home. Is he afraved they
should take him, as they did Carbo and (!^io, whom the
enemies have overthrowen ? He must not he afrayed of
that : for he is a Captaine of an other manner of valor and
reputacion then they were, and his army much better then
theirs was. But howesocvcr it be, yet were it much better I
in provinc to loose something, then to be idle, and to Buffer
our frcnds an<l confedcrats to be destroyed and sacked
befortr our eyes. Marius wa* marvelous glad to heare hi«
men complainc thus, imd did comfort ttiem, luid told them
that he did nothing mititrust their ooroge and valiantnen:]
howljeit that through the counsoll of cx'rtaine nropheci<
and oracles of the gods, he did expect time and place fit to
victory. For he ever caried a Svrian woman in a litter
about with him called Martha, witJi great reverence, whom
they said had tlje spirit of prophecie in her : and that be
did ever sacrifice unto the gods by her order, and at such
time as she willed him to do It. This Syrian woman went
18S
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
first to spcakv n-iUi the Senate about thvsv muttcts, and did
foretell (UkI prognosticate what should follow. But tbo
SctiAtc- woiilil nut heorc her, oxtd miulv Iht to be driTcn
ftway. Whrrupon the went unto thtr wodk-d, luid made
them see jiroofe of Bome thingH she vnuated of, imd xpcciully
Mariu» wife, at whose feete slie was set tmc day in an
axtt-mbly of the common playee, to see swordplayen fight
for life and death : for she told her certenly which of them
should overcome. Whereupon this Ladv sent lier unto her
husband Morius, who made great reclcening of her, and
caried her even in a Utter with him whersoever he went.
She was aJwaics at Mfuiiis sacrifices, apparelled in a gown of
purple in grauie, clasped to her witn claspes, and held a
speart) in her hand wound all about with noeegayes, and
giirlandu of fluwen tycd on with huxs. This maner of jeast
made many dout whether Mariiis nhcwed thiH woman openly,
belcviiig in dcde that she had tJic gift of pTOi>liix;y : or els
that knowing the contrary, he made as though tie did beleve
it, to hel])e ner ^^ning. But that which Alvxaixler the
Myndian wrote touching Vultures, is a thing grcntly to be
wondred at For he said there were two of tnem lollowed
Marius in bis warres, and that they ever sliewed theni wlven
and missed not, when he should win any great battel,
and that they did know them by latin collers they ware
about their necks, which the souldiers had tyed aliout them,
and afterwards let them go where they would : by reason
wberof, tlieyr did know thi; souldicrs ogaine, and it semed
also that tncy did salute them, and were vny glad when
they saw them, and perxwadixl them selves, that it was
aaigne and token of good lui-ke to follow. Mfuiy Kigncs and
tokens were seene before tlie luittt^l : liowhcit all tlic nwt
were ordinary sightes, saving that which was reported to
be scene at Tuaertuni, ana Ameria, two cities of Italic.
For they say there were scene speares and targetit in the
night, burning like fire in the dement, which first wtre caried
up and downe here and there, and then met together even as
men move and sturrv ttiat fight one with an other : untill at
the length, the one gi-ving oocke, and the other foUowinge
after, tlicy all vanished away, and consumed towordes the
183
CAIVS
MARIUS
TlieBttiar
of Msrtba
in time of
sscriiice.
A wood«r of
tlie Vulturm
fthewed to
Mail us.
NAM
CAIUS
MAIUUS
BaUbacei the
priMt uf Uie
■notliM- of tlie
AuluN
I'umpcius
Tribune.
The enemies
csnipe were
removing
Rixe days*
tA^thar.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
We«t About tlie ttclfe same time also, there came from the
citie of Pe&siiiunta, Batabaces, the chiefe priest of the emt
mother of the goddes, wlio brought newea, that the goaaate
had spoken to him within her sanctuar)', ant) told him that
the victory of this warre should fall out on the Romainss
side. The Senate beleved it, and ordained that they should
build a temple unto thiit goddcssc, to gvve h«r thfuil:f?3 for
the victorie which s\>c did promise them. Batnbaccs also
would havf pn.-si-nted him «elfc unto the people in open
asseniblie, to tell thom as much. ISut there was one Aulus
I'ompciuK a Tnbiine that would not Miffcr him to do it,
calling him tomblcr, or jugler, and violently t)iru»t him
behtnue the pulpit for orations: but the miitchaunce th«t
fell apoii Poin)teiuH afterwardii, made them the more to
bdeve Batnbat^es words. For Pompeius the 'iVibune no
«ooner came home unto his house, out a great vehement
^ew tooke hira, wherof he dyed the seventh day after, as all
the worid could witnes. Now the Teutons perceiving that
Mariua stirred not at all out of his campe, they proved
to assault him : howbeit they were so well reccivea with
shottc and slinges, that after they htul lost ccrtaine of their
men, they gave it over, and deU-nniiicd to goc further, pcr-
swading them solves that they might ca-tlly pa«se the Alpes
without daunger. WlK-rfore trussing uu «1 their bagga^,
they pRKSL-d by Marius camiw : at whirn time it appeared
more certftinly then before, tnat they were a marvelous great
multitude of people, by the length of time whicli they tookc
to poAse their way. For it is sayd they were paMJng by his
campe, sixe dayes continually together. Ana as they came
raking by the Ilomaines campe, tJiey asked them in mockery,
if they would wrytc or send home any thing to Uieir wives,
for thev would b« with them ere it were long. When they
were all passed and gone, and that they continued on their
jomcy still, Mnrius also niised his campe, and went and
followed them fiiyer and softly foote by foote, and ever
kept hard at their taile Ks iieere as he could, alwayes fortify-
ing hi.* campe very well, and ever choosing strong places "of
acituacion and advantage to lodge in, Uiat they might be
safe in the night time. Thus tliey marched on in this sorte,
184
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
untill Uiejr ctinie unto the city of Aix, from whenct.' tlwy Imd CAItJS
not farrc to gue, but tltcv «nt*.-red Ktmight into Uie moun- MABIUS
taineti of tlic A1)wk. ^Viiervfure Mariux prrpnred nowe to
fiirtit with tliem : aivd choae out a pt&cc tikat wait very fttrone
of acituodon to lodge his cainpe in, howeheit there Uckecl
wat^r. And they itay he did it of purpose, to tlie ende to
quicken his mens comge the more thereby. Many repined
at it, and tolde him that they should stande in gK&t
(iauoger to abide marvelous thint if they lodged uiere.
Whcreunto he made aunswere : shemng them the river that
ronne hard by the enemies campe. saying withall, tliat they
lUUNt go thither and buy drinke with their blood. The Muiui bold«
•oiildim rcplyed ngaine: Ami whv then doe ye not lead us '""J^" *" *"'•
thithdr, whiW our bIwHl is yet inoyste.^ Ik- gently iiuiwvrm-d JJI^J^u";^
them agaiiK- : Bicnu»e the first tiling fv d<H', we mudt fortilie
our campe. The itouldiers, tltougn they were angry with
him, yet they obeyed him : but tlie slaves ha\'iiig neither
drinke for them selves, nor for their csttelt, gathered to-
gether a great troiijie of them, and went towardes the river :
some of them car^-ing axes, other hatchets, other swords and
speares, with their pottes to carv water, determining to fight
with the barbarous people, if otherwise they couUt not come
by it A fewc of tiie barbarous people at the fintt fot^t
with them, bicausc the moat parte of their company were at
dinner, after they had bathed, and others were fltill in the
batiie washingc them selves, finding in that ]>hwv many
Hpringi-s of hotte iintunill bathew. Thus the Komaine*
founde many of the IwrbarouB pi^ople makinge mery, and
taking their plemun^ about them- )>atni-8, for the grt-at dclite
they tooke to conntider the pk-a-iauntnes of tlie plaee: but
when they heard the iioyse of them that fought, they
beganne to runne tme after an other unto the place from
whence the noyse came. Wherefore it was a hard thing for
Marius anv lenger to keepe the Komaine souldien in from
going to tlieir helpe, for that tbey feared their slaves should
have bene slaine of the barbarous people : and moreover*
bicausc the valliantcst Mouldiera of their cneniirs cntlvd thit
Ambrons (who before had overcome Manliun and Cn.-j»io, two
Rumnine Captaiiies with thctr unuii.-^, and that made of them
8:AA 180
Ratte)) be-
twixt the
AmbrutivliDd
MariufL
Mariufl over-
cftm« the
AinlMiHi*.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
setvCK thirty thowtande fifrhting men) rnnne to annes, beinr
very heavy of their botiies, as having filled their bellies well,
but otherwise valliant and coragious fellowes, and more lively
th«n they were wont to be, hy reason of the wine they had
drooke. They ran not furiouslv to fight out of order,
neither did they crie out eonfiisedly, out marching all
together in good array, making a noyse with their hama
all after one sort«, they oft rfhearscd their ownc name
Ambrons, Ambrons, Ambrons: which was, oitlier to call
one an other of thvm, or rise to fearr the Rumaincs with
their name only. The Italians aim on thothcr side, being
the first that vnmv dnwne to fight with them, wcn,^ the
Ligurianit, dwelling upon the coast of GiMiuoa, who hcAriiig
thin noyKC luid crye of tJicint, plainely understiuiding them :
niiiL-twc-red them againe with the like tioyse and orye,
Ligtiriana, I.iguriajtn, I^igiirians, saving that it was the true
surname of all tlieir nation. And so before tliey joyned
towther, this cryo was redoubled many a time on either
siae : and the Captaincs of both partes made their souldierB
crye out all together, contendinjrc for envv one against
an other, who should cryc it out lowdi-st. This contention
of crying, inilomcd the souldiers eorages the more. Now the
Ambrons having the river to [wlxkc, were by this meaiies put
out of order, and before they coidd put them selves in battcll
ray againe, after they had passed the river, the Liguriiuis
ninne with great fury to set apon the fnnnest: and aficr
tlivm, (to aitie the Liguriiuis tliat had hegon the ehiugc) the
Ramaiues them selves fell also apon the Ambrons, eommiiig
downc Axmi the places of advantage upon these l>arbaroua
I>uotfle, and compelled them by this meanes to tume their
lacices, and flie. So the greatest slaughter they made,
fortuned uppon the banckc of the river, whereinto they
thrust one an other in such sorte, that all the river ran
blood, being filled with dead bodies. And they that could
get over the river againe. and were on thother side, duret
not gatiier together any more U> stand to defence : so as
the Komaines slew them, and dmve them into their camp?,
evil) unto thdrcariagc. Then their women came out against
them with ttwordes and asc« in their bundu, grinding their
186
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
teeth : aitd crving out for soiroir and anger, they diargetl an CAIU8
well upon tlieir owne people that fled, as upon tliem that MARIIJS
chased tliem : tiie one as traitors, and the other as enemies. The m«niii
Furthermore, they thrust them selves amongest Uiera that '"*oft'»«
fought, and strove by force to ulucke the Itomaines targets houwui,
out of tbeiv handed, and tooke noidc of their naked swonles
bare handed, abiding with an invincible corage to be hacked
and mangled with their swordes. And thus was the tint
Iwttell geven (as tliey say) by the rivers side, rntlier by
chauiice unlooki-d fur, then by nny set piirposL-, or thruugn
the generals euunscl. Now the Koni»iiit«, ufU-r they had
overcome tiie iiiokI parte of the Anibrons, retyring \jacke by
rea»on the night had ovi-rtakvn them, did not (aa tlicy were
wont after they had geven such an ovi-rthniw) sing sunges of
victory and triunipln?, nor ninke gi«Ki elw-re in tlieir tentes
one mth an other, and least of all sleepe : (mhith is the best
and sweetest refn-shing for men that have fought liappely)
but contrarily, they watched all that night with great feare
and trouble, liicausc their caniuc was not trenchcdand forti-
tivd, and bicausc they kncwc also that there rvmoincxl almost
imiumcmble thowsundcs of barbarous people, that had not
y<rt fought : bcsitics nlxo, tliat the Anibrunis that had flotl
and Kciiped from the overthrow, did howle out all nif^hl with
lowd cries, which wen' nothing like mens Inmeutadons and
ughes, but mthor like wildi- beostes Allowing and rooringe.
So that tiie bellowing of such a great multitude of bejutly
people, mingled together with threaten and waylinges, niad«
the mountaines tiiereabi»uts and the running river to re-
bounde sgaine of the sounde and ecco of their cries marvel-
ously : by reason whereof, all the valliv that lay betwene
botli, thundered to hcare the horrible antf fearefull trembling.
This mode the Romainc souldiers afeard, and Marius him
nelfe in some doubt : bicausc they looked to have bene
fought withall the same night, being altogether troubled
ancT out of order. Notwith.'standing, the barbarous people
did not afmult them that night, nor the next day following,
but only pn-pai-ed lliem selves unto battell. And in the
meane time Manns knowing tiiat there was alwvc the place
where they were camped, certaine caves and lille volleves
187
CA113S
MARIUS
Mnriuii
HBcnnde
buttcll •ritli
tho TcutPiui.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
covered with woddc: he secretly sent Claudius Marodlus
thither with three thowsand footcmen well armed, (uhI com- ,
maunded him tokeqx-closein amhushv, untill he saw that!
barbiiroui people were ti^iting with him, and that ,thcn btl
should cooDC and set npon tlieir rvrvwsrd. I'he rtsidtic of hic<
annie, Uiey nupited when time came; bikI aftvr !mi»i)er rftiotted
them KelveK. liie next morning at the braike of uajr, Alarius
brought his men into the liehle out of hb forte: where he put
theui in order of luttell, sending hia horsemen before to draw
the enemies out to nkirmi^ihe. 'I'he Teutons s«dng them
come, had not the pacieuce to tfiry till the Komalnes were i
dowiie into the ulaine licldc to hght without advantace, bul
arming them selvt* in hR«t> and lo a rage, rannc up the hill
to the Bomaincs, where they stoode in battell niy. Maiius
taking good regard to that they did, sent here and there
unto the jirivnte C-a|)tAities, charging them they shouldj
nut Ktirre, and imely to teinpuriw and forbvare,' untill th«l
L-nemies came witliin a stones eiut of them : and that thry
should then throw their dartes at Uiein, and afterwardvs dniwe
their swordes, and repulete the barbarou* people with their
shietdes. For he did foresee before, tliat when they Hhould
clime up against the hill (uppon the hanging whereof the
Romaines luul set their b&ttell) that their blowes would not
be of great force, nor tbcir order and ranckcs could stand
close together to any e^Wt or purpose : bicausc thev could
not have sure footing, nor march a&^urcdly, but would easili
be throwen biu;keward if they were never so litlc rcpidscc
by ivason of the hanging of the hill. Marius gave tliis order
unto hilt foike and ttierewithall uati him K-lfc the first man
that put it in execution : for he wiu a» trymmc a warriour,
and a.1 valliant a souldier, as any man in all his anny:
iKsideH, not one amongeat tbeni all would veiitt-r furder, Ulcl
be more bolde then him selfe. So when Uie K4imaine>i hail
resisted them, and stayed them sodainely, going with fury
to have wonne the hill, pcrociwng them selves to be repulaed,
they gave backc by litlc and Htlc, untill they came into the
field : and then Ix-ganne the forniest of them to gather to-
gether, and to ])ut tliem selvc^s in battell ray uppon the plainc,
when Kidainly they heard the uuyac ancf chaiging of them
188
AinbroiM.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
that iKxv in the,tay]e of their army. ForCUiidiuK Marwllus CAIUB
failed not to take the occasion when it wan uflered him, .MARICS
btcause that the noyse of the first diarge oomininf; up
against th« hilU thereabouts, under the which he lay in
ambuahe, gave him advertisement thereof: whereupon he
caused his men presratly to shew, and running with great
crycs, camv to gcve a charge upon those which were in the
tajle of the bHrhuruiu people, putting the hindemost to the
swordc. They made their fillowcs whose hackes were next
onto thcin, to tunic their Ui-cv*, uitd ^o from man to man,
till nt the length, in Khorte time all tlieir battdl bcgannc to
waver in diwirdcr : and thev uinde no great n^HiRtnuncv, when
tliey >HW they wert; no cruirged before anil behiiKle, liut
be^tne straight to Hie for life. 'I'he KomaiitvH following MaiHui ric-
theui liard at the heeles, killed and tooke prisoners above y>ry of ibe
a hundred thonsande of them, and tooke moretiver tlieir ,t^JJ^,
cartes, their tcntes and all their cariagc. Which tlie whole
anny by consent agreed to present unto Marius, excepting
nothing, saving that which was imbeaeeled and conveyed
away under hande. Now, though this was a marvelous
hoiiorRble and rigJ)t noble present yet they tliought it not a
n-co 111 pence sufficient for that he had ihsenwl, for the valurc
be luul Hhewed of a famouit CitptJiiiie in Iciuling of his army,
and for the good order be kept in tliis wurrv: »o lutppy
tliought tiiey them selven to have escajiud mo great a daiingcr.
Notwithstanding, some wryters doe not agree, that the
spoyle of the barbarous people was geven unto Mariiu : nor
I that there were also so great a nuinoer of men slaine as we
' have spoken of. But thev say, that after this battel! the
Aiansitians did inclose tncir vines, with hedges made of
dead mens bones : and that the bodies being rotten and
consumed upon the tieldes throitgli the great raino tliat fell
upon them the winter following, the ground waxed so fatte,
and did »okc the grease .10 lieqK- in Uie «ame, that the
nommcr following tlicy did beare an uncn-diblc <]iiantity of
all Horti-H of frutes. And by tlii.s meniKn were Ardiilociu
wordes proved true, that U>e crrahte land doth waxt- fat with
sudi mttennessc or putrificatioti. And it is aayd alwt, that
of ordinary aAer great ImttellK, there falleth great «tore of
180
CAIUS
MARIL-S
Murh rsine
fnlloirrth
after srcnt
Miuiux the
lift time
Coiuull.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
minr. Either it in by nivane of ftonic god that [Mwring dowfie
piin.' mine water dotn purifie, wa3h,aiid dense the grounds,
ilcfiled and polluted with mans blood : or elae it happeneth
by natural! cause. For that the overthrow of so many
dead l>odie8, and of the blood spilt, engeodreth a raoyst,
grosse, and heavy vapoure, which doth thicken the ayer
(tijat by nature is cnaungt-abk-, and c-asie to alter) from a
rery small or litlc beginning, unto an cxct-cdinggmtt chaunge.
After this battcll, IVfariiis causi-d thf Iinmcsse luid spoylre of
the barbarous people to hv Iwyt-d iisitif, tlmt were left whole
ftitd fayor to sight, to bi-itutitir anti etiricli the |KimjK' of his
triuriiptie. Then lie ciiusrd tin; rv:*t to be gntht-red togi-tlier
on a great hoape, and laved apon a staki; of wodde, to make
a noble NUcritice unto the god*, all hit) army being armed
a)>out him, erowned with garlandes of triuniphe, and him
selfe apparelled in a long gowne of purple, aceording to the
custome of the Uomaines in such a case, and holding a
torch burning in both his hands, which he firat lifted up unto
heaven. And as he was turning downe the torch to put fire
to the stake of wood, they saw some of his fivnds a good way
of ft horse backe, commiiig post unto him : then sodainly
thiTc was a great silence made of idl tJie assembly, every' man
desirous to lieare whatgixxl newes they had brought >Vhen
they were come and lighUsi of thi-ir hor«», they nuine
Ntraight to einbniee MiiriiiK.and brought him newcn that he
was chosen Consul! the lift time: and presented him tlic
letters sent him from Home confirming the !«ame^ AjkI thus,
this new ioy falling out besides the victory, the private
souldiera did shewe the great joy and pleasure they tooke in
both, with great aliowtea and beating upon their hamease :
and the Captaines also, they crowned Marius againe with
new garlanaes of laurel! which they put about his head, and
that done, he put tire under the stake of wodde, and ended
his sacrifice. But that which never sufPereth men quietly to
enjoy the good happe of any victory cicarcly, but in this
mortall life doth ever mingle the ill with the good, be
it either fortune or spight of fatal! dcsU-nie, or else the
necea.sitie of the naturtul causes of itu-thly thingcs : did
shortely after this great joy bring newes unto Marius, of
190
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
hU compwiion Catulua Luctatiiu thv other Consul], who CAItlS
wttit Wkc K cloitde in « f«yer bright dny, and brought the ^(ARlt/S
city of Rom« Againe into a new feftre and trouble. For
Ottulus tiiat went again-tt the CtnibreK, thought it was not
for him to keepe the atrai^ites of the mountnincs, in hope
tu let the barbarous people for jiaHsing : bicnu.tr that in m
doing, he had bene compelled to decide hiK anny into inany
partes, and had weakened him selfe very much if he hati
taken that courw. Wherefore comming a litle on tliiH side
the Alpni towardcs Italic, he planted him selfe uppon the river AtbMi« flu.
of Atheus, and built a bridge apon it, to passe and repawe
over his men when hv would, and st-tte up at either endc
of tlte bridgi* two strong fortt-n well fortified, that he might
mure ci>mmodiuu!<,ly helpc th<- placent on the other side of the
river, if the l)*rban)tK [joople by chauncx- would offer to foroe
them, after they had gotten out of the xtmighU of the
mountainesL Now, these liarbarou^ people had such a glory
in them selves, and disdained their enemies so much, that
more to shew their force and Iwldnes, then of any neocmity
that compelled Uiem, or for any benefit tliey got by it : they
sufPred it to snow apon them being starke naked, and did
clime up to the toppc of the mountaincs, throw great heajK'S
of ise and snow. And when they wereat the very topneofaJI,
they iayed their long broad tareet« under their bodies, and
lay all along apon them, sliding downe the steepe high rockes,
that had ccitftine hanginges over of an infinite height. Li
the ende, they came to aim|H- neen- unto the Romaines
by the river !<ide, an<l wjiisidered howe they micht passe it
over: and lieganne to fill it up, t<-aring downe (like g)-Rnts)
great hilles of earth whicli they foundc therwibontjt, brought
thither great trees which they pulled up whole by tlie rootcs,
threw in great peeces of rockes which they brake, and whole
towers of earth after them, to stoppe and brcake tlje eour^'
of the river. But besides all this, they threw great tymber
into the river, which being caried downe the streame, came
with such a force, and hit against the postes of the bridge so
violently, that they shaked the Itomaines bridge mar^'eloufl]j,
Whcrcuppon many of the souldiers of the great campe were
afrayed, and fonutking it, bcgnnnc to retyro. But tnen did
191
CAIUS
MAaiL'S
Catulus
LuL-tatiuB the
Coiitull.nieth
front the
Cimbres.
Mariui re-
futed to enter
In Iriumphe.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
Catuluft, like a peHit good Capt^ne showe, Uist he made
lesse accompt. of hU owiie private honor and eatiniacion, then
he did of the generall honor of all his aouldiers. For, seeing
that he coula not petswadc his men by any reason to tary,
and that in this fearc they dislodsed in disorder against
his will : he hini selfe eommaundcd the standerd bearer of
the Eagle to mnrcht- on, and ranne to the foremest that
went tlicir way, and marched him seife before tbeni all, to
the intent that the Khitme of thi« rvtyrv should altceethv
liglit upon him, and not npon his contry, and that it
might appearc tlte Komaines did follow their Captaine, and
not flie away- The l>arbarous people therefore aK>autting
the forte at the end of the bridge of the riv^ of Athetita,
tooke it, and all the men that were in it. And bicause
the Romaines defended it like valliant men, and had
lufitcly ventured their lives to the death for defence of
their contry : the barbiirous people let them go upon com*
position, which they hwutv to kcpc (iuthfully, by their bull
of copper. Tills bull afterwards was taken when they
lost ttie batt4Tll, and caricd (as thi-y Miy) into Gittdua
Liictatiux hoittc, as the i-hii-fi-»t thing of the victory. Fur-
thermore, the barharouA pi^pk- finding tho contry opet)
without any defence, scattered here and thert>, and destroyed
all where they came. Whereuppon tlie Komaina »ent for
MariuH to Rome to froe agauist tbem : and after he was
arrived, every man Uioiignt he ahoulde have entred in
triumphe, bicause nl«o the Senate did graunt it him very
willingly. But be would not doe it, cither bieause he would
not deprive hix Kotildient and the Cnplaines that had fought
under him, of any parlc of the lumor that was doe unto
them, they being absent: or hicaune that he would warrant
t>ic (H-iipIc from the present daunger they were in, bv layinge
nuitU- t tie glory of hia fnnner victorim, into the banoo^ of tltc
good fortune of Uome, in certaine hope to take it againe
afttTwardes, by a more honorable and |>erfit confirmation of
the second. Wherefoi-e, after he had made an oration to the
people, and Senate according to the time, he went hia way
immediatly towardes Catulua Luctatiiis, whose comniing did
comforte nim much : and sent also for his army that was
192
l-
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
jret ill Gttuli' beyond the tnounUiiiie& And afU-r his army
was ponw, h« |>ns!H.'<l the river of I'o, to kept- tlic barbnruii^
[woplv frum hurting Itfilie on this Kidi- tta' Fu. Now, the
biimtres Ktill dt-ferrod to tjove btittell bitausv tlioy ItK'keci for
the Teutons, axwi Jtnyd : thttt thov niiir\-el«I mucii what thoy
ment to tary »o long : dther hi<aiiiNV tlu^y knewe not in
deedc of tlieir ovt-rthrowc, or elsi' for tliat they would not
seeroe to kiiowif it, hteitiisc they hnndelod them cruelly that
brought the newes of their deathes. At the length, they
sent unto Marius to aske him landes and townes sufficient,
to kepe tliem and their brethren. Marius asked their Am-
bossaaors what brethren they ment. They aunswercd, that
they were the Teutons, Whereat the standers by beganne to
laugh : and Marius finely mocked them, saying : Can* not
for tha'w.' brethren sayd ne, for we have gcvcji them grDun<l
vuiou^h, which tlit-y will kept,-' for ever. Thew^ AniUiKsiuIors
found his mock Ktraight, and bcgannc to revile anil thrt-ati-n
him, ttiat the CimbKs »ho(ildc pn-scntly make him repent
it, and the Teutonic so Kounc a» they nrrive<l. Why, sayd
Marius unto them agnine, they are eonie already : and there
were no hone*ty in you, if you muld goe your way and not
salute then), mucc tliey are your hretiiren. And as he spake
these wordes, he conimaiinded his men to bring him the
kingcs of the Teutons bounde and chained, that had bene
taken within the mountaines of the Alpes by th« Scquani.
The Cimbres understanding this by reporte of their Ambas-
Midors, presently marched touardes Marius, who stirred not
at all, but only fortified and kept his canipe. 'I1)ey say that
it WB» for this battdl that Marius first invented the newe
devige he brought in for the darte which tlie Hoiiiaincs were
wont olwayut to throwe agikinst thv vnviuiex at the fint
charge. I<or before, the xtaRe of the darte wat faatJied unto
the iron, ajid tiw iron imto the *talfe, with two litle iron
pinned that pa«.«ed tlirough tlie wodde: and then Marius left
one of the iron pinnet ai it was before, and taking away the
other, ])ut a litle thinne pinne of wodde, easie to be broken,
in place of the same, making it craftcly, to tlic end that
when the darte was throwen, and stuckc in the enemies
target, it should not stand right forward, but bow downc-
a:fifi 193
I'o ilu.
Marius
tnucke to tha]
Ciniliret.
The CiiiibTM {
tiiArch sgaiug
MariuH.
Mnrlus devil
for altering i
the darte m
fight
CArirs
MARICS
BoBorix kliig
of the
CimbrM.
I
Two nnd llflie
thowHnnil and
thrvt^ hull d red
mim bolweiie
Mu-iun nnd
CHtuluK.
battclL
The bnttell of
the CimbrM.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
wanlti towtuxlcs the- iron, that the wodden pinne bdng
broken, the fl&fk of the diirtc should hang downewardea,
holding yirt hy thfi inin pinne running (juite through at the
ixtynW. So Ba-orix king uf tin- Cimbres, conimiug nccrr to
MartuH compe with a small iiiunlter of horaciucn, sent him
defymiiice, and willed him to appoint a day and place for
battell, that they might trye it out, who should be owncra
of the contry, Whereunto Marius made aunswer, that it
was not the manner of the Romaincs to couiiscU with their
enemies, cf the time; and place when they should geve
battell : but nevcrthek-sst.-, he would not sticke to pleasure
the Cimbres no mueh. And tints thev at^tved betwene them,
that it should be the thirdc day following, in U>e plaine of
Veraelles, which wiu very commodious for the horsemen of
the Kiimaines : and also for the barbarous people to put
out at will their great number nf fighting men. So both
armieH failed not to meete according to appointment, but
appeared ranged in battel!, the one before the other. Catiilus
Luctatiua the other Consnll, had in his campe twenty thow-
sand, and three hundred souldiers : and Marius haJ in bis fl
canipe two and thirty thowsand lighting men, whieh be ^
pliurcd in the two winges of the batU-ll, shutting in Catulus
with his men in the middest As Sylla writeth it, who wa*
pn^'nt at the wmv : saying, that Mariuit did it of malice,
for the hope he liiul to nverthrowc bis eneniie:* with tlie two
winges of the biitteil, to tJie end that the whole victory
should light anon his two wingeit, and that Catulus and hia
men in the middeat ahould have no parte therot For he
could not so much aa 5-oote the enemy, bicausc that com-
monly when the fronte of a battell is of such a bredtbc, the
two wingcs are ever stretched out before, and is made like
the cressant of a moone, where the middrat is thickest and
farde.st in. Ajid it ia wiyttcn also in other stories, that
CatuluH him sc-lfe accusing the malice of Marius, Incause he
did so: npake it to excuse hitt ovrtie di.>>honor. As for the
Cimhi-es, the troupes «f their footemen camming out of (Jieir
fortes leasurely, aid put tliem selves into a squadron, as
broade as long, for in every wide they occupied almost tliirty
furlong : but their horsemen which were hftecne thowsande,
191
I
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
marched before in sumptuous furniture. For they had CAIGS
helmets oh their heades, fadoDed Uke wilde bcastes neckes, MARIUS
and straunge bcvcrs or buRcs to the sanie, aijd ware on their
helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they bad bene
wingies : which to sight made them appcare taller and bigger
men then they were. FurthcrmorCt thvy had good cunues
on their bnckes, and caried great white targets before thvm :
And for wraponit uHt-niivt-, vvcry ninn had two dattes in bis
rhuid to Ixittow a farrt- of, and when Uiey came to hand
[•trok<»i, they had great heavy .tworcU which tijcy fought
[witholl ntrere hand. Hut at tnat time they did nut nmrcbe
directly in rancke against the army of the Koniainea, but
tumeo a litJe on the right hand, meaning to inclose the
Romatnet) hetwene them and their footemen that were on
the left hand. The Romainc Captaincs founde their policy
Btnightf but they couldc not kecpe their souldicra liackc:
for there wns one that cried, the ODctnies fled, and immc-
diatly all the mt bcganne to runtie after. In the mivuic
time, the footcnicu of the barbarous people tlut wen; like
to a iwR before them, came forwards «till : and then Maritu
Itavinf; washed hiti )uui<le», and lifting them up to heaven,
prfiniiwd, and vowed a solemne .-Avrilice unto the goddiii of
a. hundred oxen. Catuluit also made a vow, liflin); up his
handc!! to heaven in like maner, tliat he would build a
temple unto fortune for that day : and it is reported, that
Manus having sacriGced, when they shewed him the intralls
of the beastcs sacrificed : he cried out a lowde. The victory
is mine. Kut when they came to gevc the charge. Mnrius
had a great misfortune hapiK-tied bini, ]K>wrcd umm him by
Goddes justice, who tumi-d his craft (igiiiii»t hnn neife, as
Sylla wrvteth : for there rose very credibly »> great a duitt, A dutt nuwd
that hotli armies lost the sight one of an other. And here- "J^' neither
upon Sfarius b<-ini|; the fimt that mune to lief^iiine the charge, ^JJ^" ,
and having ijIimx-iT hi« men about him, ntiftned to meete with other.
his rnemies : and U-ing [>a.-ised Ixrvonde their Itattell, wandred
a great while up and dowiie the field, whilest the barbarous
pcO]>le fought f^piinst Catulus, So that the greatest fury of
tlie liattei wa.« against Catulus and his army : in the which,
Sylht wrrteth he was him selfe, and sayeth, that the heatc
195
CAIC8
MARIIIS
ThetuDiieful
iatheCiitibres
faces.
The lidde
fouglit tlie
CT of luly.
Horrible
cruelty of
women.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
nnci the xunne which was full in the Cimhres faceti, did the
RoniniiiL's marvelous pleasure at that time. For the harbaroua
(X'Oi)le being very hard brought up to away with cold (bicause
thev were Ijornc and bred ui a cold contry, shadowed alto-
gether with woddra and trees as we have tAyd) were to the
contrary very tender against the bcate, and did melt with
sweating against the &intnc, and gaped straight for breathe,
putting their tarjiels before thoir faces: for it was also in
the liart of soiiiiner, about the seven tind twcntif day of Ibe
monctti of liilii', that this bntti.01 wns ccven, and tni» diwt
also made the Komaines the Imlder, an<l Kcpt them that they
could not see the innumerable multitude of their enemie*
farrc from them. And every man runninge to »et apon
them that came against them, they were joynt-d together in
fight, before that the sight of their enemies could mitke them
afrayed. And ftirthermore, they were so good aouldiera, and
so able to take paines, that how extreame soever the hcate
was, no man was senc sweats nor blow, though they ranne at
the firat to sot apon tlicm : and this hath Catulus Luctatius
him selfc left in wrytiiig unto the praise of his souldiers. So
were the most parte of the barbarous people, and specially
of the ln-st souldiers, slaine in the field. And bicause
they should not nix-n nor brtTike their rancks, the forv-
mest raiiekft wen- all tyed am! Ixiund together with girdells,
leather thongs, and long chayiies of iron: and they that
flt^d, were chawd and followetl into their Mmpe by the
Komainea, where they met with horrible and fearefull thingcs
t« beholde. For, their wives l»eing apon the toppe of
their cartes, apparelled all in blackc, shie all thaw that fled,
withoTit regardc of persones : some their fatheni, other their
husbandcs or their brethren, and strangling the litle young
babes with their owne handes, they cast them under the
carte wheeles, and bctwenc the horse legces, and afterwards
shie them selves. And they say, that there wa6 a woman
hanged at the ende of a carte ladder, having hanged up
two of her children by the ui-ckes at her hcek«. jVnd that
the men also, for Iftciic of a tree to hang (hem selves on,
tyed slipping haltvrs about their neckcs, unto tlie homes and
feete of the oxen, and tbat they did uricke them afterwardcs
196
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
wilh goAdet to make them fliiig aii<l Iceipc so long, Uiat
(Imggiiig th«ni all nhotit, and tnvwlmg them under feete, at
the It-ii^h they killwf them. Now, tJiough niiinlx-jrii vrere
slaine by tlii» meanes, yet were there three ncorc tliowsand of
tliem taken prisoneni, and the number of them that were
iilaine, came to twise aa many ntoe. In Uiis manner Mariua
Bouldiers spoyted the canipt? of the Ciuibres : but tlie spoyles
of dead men that were slaine in the (ielde, with their ensignes
and trompets, were all brought (as it is sayd) unto Catulus
campe, which was a plaine testimonie to shewe that Catulus
and his souldicrs had wonne tbe fivld. Strife rising thus
bctwenc the souldicrs of both campes about it, that the
matti'r miglit be tryed frcndly betwenc them : thvy made
the Ambu^ndont of Parma their arbitrator, who were by
chaunce at that time in thv tinny. Cutuhiii Luctatiuit
touldicn led the AinhaTLindors to the place uhi-rcr tho over-
throwe was geven, shcwinR them the enemti'S bodies peorMd
through with their pyki-s, which wen- owie to l>e knowcn,
bicauRe C^attituH had made them grave his name apon tJwir
pykes. For all Oiis, Mftriiw went away with the honor of
this great victory, aa well for the fint liattell he waime alone^
when he overtJirewe the Teutons and tlie Anihroiia : as for
his great calling, hax-ing bene Consul five times. And
furthermore, the common people at Rome, called him the
third founder of the city of Rome, thinking them solves now
delivered from as great a datmger, as before time thev had
bene from the auticicnt GruIcs. And every man feasting at
home with his wife and children, offered the best dishes of
mcatc they had to supper, tmto the goddes, ttnd unto Marius :
ami woidd needc^s have him alotte to triumphe for both
victories. But he would not in any case, but triumDhcil
into the city with Catulus Luctatius, meaning to shew nim-
»elfe curteoai and mtKlerate in w great pn)*(>frity : and
peradvcnture also fenring Cnlulux souldiers, who were in
readinoMC- and ]>repared (if Mariu.t would have deprived
their Ca])taine of iJiat honor) to let him alio of his triumphe.
And tliuH you see howe he passed his Cft Consulshippe.
After that, ne made more eanie^t sute for the sixt Consul-
shippe, then ever any other did for his first: seeking the
I9 I
CAIU3
MAIUUS
Priaonen fiO
thoWMWl.
Men ulniii*
riXKOTV
thowmiKl.
.Might over-
corn metf)
right
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
CAIDS peoples goodwilk-s by all thv fmycr mMUvs hv could to plcnte
MARIOS tht^'Di, humbling him selfc tmto them, not only more tb«.-n
bccnniv his cst^t^ iind citlling, but directly ilUo aj^nst his
ownt' nuturv, counti-rfwiliiiK o curtuous jKijmler manner,
being cleanc cuntmriu to nis disposition. His smbition
made him tiinerotut to deale in matt£ra of the state con-
cerning Uic city. Kor that corage and boldenease which he
had in battell against the enemy, he lost it quite when he
was in an assembly of people in the city : and was easily put
out of his byase, with the first blame or praise he dcard
geven him. And though they reporte, that on a time when
he Diadc a thowsandc Camennes free of the city of Rome,
bicause they had done valliant service in the wanr*, that
there were some that did ncctuc him, saying, that it was a
thing done against all law : he aunvwen-d them, tluit for
the noyse of the armor, he could not hean^ the hiw. Not-
withstanding, it swmetii that in dedt- he was gn-atly afmrd
of the fury uf the people in an a-isembly of tite city. For
in time of warres, he ever stoode apon his rniutacion and
authority, knowing that they had neede of him : but in
peace and civill goveniraent, oicauae he would rather be the
chiefcst man then the honestest man, he would en:«pe into
the people* bosomcs to get their favor and goodwil. And
thus through his cvill behavior, he brought all the nobility
generally to Ik- his enemies. But he feared nor mistrusted
none so much, as he did Mvtellus, for the great unthankefuU
parte he renienihred hu had phiyed him : and the rather
also, bicuusL- he knew him to Ix^ n ju.it and true dealing maiif
MeuIluM and one that was ever against the-t- pi-imlc pteiuen and
(wsiust people fluitertrs. Mariurt therefore nracti'^wl all the wi»ve-H he
pleasers. j^„j,]_ ^^ ^^.^ MeteUns to be banished Home. WlWrforr,
to cotn|)assc his intent, he fell in ft'endship with Giaucta,
and one Satuminus, two of the most boldest, moat d«si>cnite,
and most hardbraind yoimg men, thai were in all Home:
who had all the rablemcut of rogues and beggcr*, and such
tiimultuoiLs jKople at their com maun dement, by whose
meiiiies he msule new jiopider hiwes, and caused the souldiers
to be ealleil home out of the warms, and mingled them with
the peojile of the city in common assemblies, to trouble and
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
rexe IVIetcllus. Moreover Riitilius, an liotiost and true
writer, (howbcit an t.'ncmy unto M&nus) vrrj-tcth, thst hv
obtAincd his sLxt Consulsliippe by corruption of monvy,
which he caused to be distnbut«d lunongcst thv tnb(^s of the
iicoplv: and tJiut he bought it fur muiy inuncy to put by
Mctvllus, and to hjivc Vueriuo FIncciiH not for hi;# ft^llowr
and oompRnioii iu tiie Consulsbippv, hut mtlier for u mintNtfr
of hi.t wUl. Tlieru wns nev«r Konuiinv to whoin£ th« peuplr
grauntt-d the ConMulshippe six titnt«, except it were unto
Valerius Corviflus only. But for him, they say tliat there
was live and forty yeares betwene his iirst Consulship and
the last \Vhere Marias since the first yeare of his Consul-
ahippe, continued five vearea together by good fortune one
after an other. But in hia last ConsuUhip. he waiinc him
sclfe great hate nnd malice, bicausc he did manv fowie faultes
to please Satuminus v-itliall : as ainotigi^t otlici^ whcit he
bare with Satuminus, who murdered Nonius his oomi>etitor
in the 1>ibuneship. Afterwardi^ when SAtiiminus was
dtosen IVibune of the people, he preferred n law for distri-
bution of Uie liindis among the common people, (Ulil unto
tliat law h« had sjx-tually luUliil one article : tluit all the
Lords of the Senate »l)ould oonie ot>enIy to swL'are, that they
should kepc and oljtervc from pointe to pointe that whicn
the people by their voycea sliould decree, and should not
deny it m any iotte. Hut MariiLs in open Senate, made aa
though he would withstand this article, saying, tliat neither
he nor any other wise man of judgement would take this
othc: for said be, if the law be evill, then they should due
the Senate open wrong to compell them by force to graunt
it, and not o? their owne goodwills. But he spake not that,
meaning to do as he said : for it was but a uayte be had
Uyed for Metellus only, which ho could hardly escaias For,
imagining that to t«ll a fine lye, was a pceee of verluc, and
of a go«)d wit : he wax throughly resolved with him selfe,
not to paste for any thing he had spoken iti the Senate,
And to the contrary also, knowinge well enough that
Metellus waa a grave wise nun, who esteemed that to be
just and true (as I*indarus sayd) is the beginning and foun-
dadon of great vertue : he thought be would outreach bim,
199
CAIUS
MAKIUS
Vnlfrin*
Flntiniii Con-
null with
Mariun the
sixt time.
Valerius Cor-1
visas slxe
timMContuU.!
Tho law
Aifriiria.
An «rtld« to
th« oUiM «r
th« !>ennUi to |
conlinnrirhn
tlie p<'oiile
■huuM pa$Me
by voyci).
Mariuii ilubia ,
deoJiug
To Ive can-
aitix'v.Moritis
Ukntti it for
a Tcrtue.
CAIUS
MARIUS
Timoroui
policycaiiseth
perjury.
Metellus
eonstonlUi
vertue.
Metrilui wiie
tnyinR, touch-
InKwelliluiiig.
Metcllus
tnuUhmeiit
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
DUikin^ him nflinite before the Senate tlmt he would not
swi-nn', knowiii^e al.w that the people would hat« him deadly,
if hi- would irfust' aftei-wardes to nwcare. And so iii dede tt
hnpi>eiic-d. For Metellufl having assured them then that he
would not sweare, tlie Senate brake up uppon it. And
shortly after, Satuminus the Tribune callins the Senators
unto the pulpit for orations, to compell tnem to swcsrc
before the people: Marius went thither to offer him wife
to aweare. WhiTcupou the people making silence, listncd
attentively to heare what he woidd say. But Marine not
regarding his Iiirge promise and bragges made before the
Senate, sayed tlieti, his nccke was not so long, that he would
prejudice the (■ouinmn wealth in a matter of so great import-
ajice: but that he would »wenre, and oIk-v tlie lawe, if it
were a law. ThiH shifting Rubtilty he added to it, to cloke
anil trover hh »hanie : and when lie had ^yd .to, he tooke
his otlie. 'i"he people seeing him sweare, were marvelous
glml, and praised him with clapping of their hands : but the
nobility hanging downc their lieafk wei-e ashamed of him*
and were marvefous augry in their hartcs with him, that he
had so cowardly- and shamefully gone from his word. I'her-
upon all the Senatt^' tooke their othes, one after an other
i;gainst their wills, bicntise tliey were afrayed of the pi-oplo.
Saving Metelliis, whonie, neither [mnMites nor faridw per-
swosion and intreiity coidd unee move to sweare, for any
ptmishment that Saturiiiriu.i fiatl im]Hised upon them, whicn
refused to take the othe, hut eontinued one man still accord-
ing to his nature, and would never yelde unto it, ofTering to
abide any payne, ratlicr then to be brought to consent to a
dishonest matter unbcseming his eiitate. And thereuppon
went out of the assembly, and talking with them that dtd
accompany him, told them, that to do cvill, it was too eesie
a thing : and to doe good without daunger, it was also a
common matter : but tu do well with daunger, tliat waa the
parte of an honest and vertuou» man. Satuminus tbon
commaundL'd the ConsuUs by eiliet of the people, that they
should batiislie Mcbellus by itounde of trompet, with spccuul
comnintindement, that no man should let him have tire nm'
water, nor lodge him privately not openly. The common
200
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
people, they were ready to have fallen upon him, and to
have killed him : but the noble men being ufTendcd for tlu-
injury they liad oBred him, gatherrd toj^thvr about him to
■avc him, if any would oB'er him noUnce. Meteliu» him
aelfe waji so good a man, ttiat he would not any civill dis-
sention should rise for hJH .take: and therefore he abftentvd
him seife from Rome, wherein he did like a wise man. Fur
sayd he, either things will amend, and the people then
repenting them selves of the wrong thoy have done me, will
call me home againc: or else tbingvs standing as they do
now, it shalbe beat for me to be furthest of. But for his
travaill in his exile, howe much he ytw beloved and honored,
and how swcetely he t>assed hi* time studying philomphie in
thf citic of Rhodes, stiulbe dwlari'd more at large in his life.
Now on the other side, Mariu* to iwompcnw the pk^osurc
Satuminus hod done him, being driven to let him (lave his
wilt in all tilings : did not fore«cf what an intollerable plague
he brought unto the common wealth, geving the brydle to
a de-iperati' man, who every way, by force, by sword and
murder, plainly sinight to usurpe tyraimicall power, with the
utter destrucdon and Rubvertion of the whole common weale.
And so bearing reverence of the one side unto the nobility,
and desirii^ on the other side to gmtific the common people:
he played a shamefull parte, and shewed him selfc a double
dealing man. For one night thi> nobilitic and chiefi^it
citizens comming to his house, to per«wi»de him to brydle
SatuniinuK inwlencic and boldnc:': at the sclfe Mine time
also Sittumiuiis going Uiithvr to itpeoke with him, he cauMtd
him to be let in at a backe dore, the noble men not being
privy to his comming. And ho Morius telling the nobility,
and then Satuminus, that he was troubled with a loaenea of
hi* body, under this pretence whipped up and downe, now to
the one, then to tJic other, and did nothing else but set them
further out one against an other, then they were before,
Nevertheles, the Senate being man-elous angry with his
naught)' double dealing, and the order of knightcs taking
parte with the Senate, Marius in the rnde was compelled to
annc the people in the market plaec, to supprewc tfiem that
were up. and drsvc them into tiic Capitoll : where for Wke
3:CC SOI
CAIU8
MARIUS
Marius dobJa
twane the
nobilitie aod
p«opt*.
Marim
pfOcur«th
Mdition at
Rome.
CAIUS
MAUI US
No truiit to
th* faith of
the cummoa
poople.
MctoUtu re-
tiime from
bullish erne at.
MoriuDJomey
into Cappa-
doi^iu tiud
Galatta.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
of water, Uicy wen; compt-llcd to ycldi: thcui »e]ve« at Uk
length, IjitTivist hf litwl cut of thv p^pes And conduiti by ■
thf whicli the wat«r ran unto the CApitttU. By reason f
whcix-of, they lieing unithli- to continue any teiigi-r, called
MnriuN onto theiu, and yeelded theiii selves to him, under
the axAurance of the faith of the commoa people. But
although Marius did what he could possible to his utt^moat ■
power to save thorn, he could not prevaile, nor doc them I
pleasure: for they were no sooner come dowse into the
market place, but they were all put to death. Whcrcu|K)n
he having now purchiui-d him sclit- the ill will of the ix.-ople
and nobility both, wbm time ounv about that new Cvnsors
abouldc be clioMcn, ev&y mau looked that h« would ha«e
bene one of the HutetK : nowbeit he .sued not for it, for feoie
of repulse, but suffered otJiers to be diaseii of f&rre lesae
di^iity and calling then him selfe. Wherein notwithstand-
ing he gloried, saying that he would not sue to be Ceoaort
bicause nc would not have the ill will of many, for examining
too straghtly their lives and manners. Againe, a decree
being preferred to rcpcalc McteUiis banJshmeut, Marius did
what lie could poiisiule by word and dccdc to hinder it:
howbeit, seeing Ui the- end he could not have his will, he let
it alone. 'ITie iH-ojili; having thus willingly revokcil Metvlluji
banishment, Marius hart would not serve him to sec Metcllus
rcturnc againe, for the malice he liare him : wherforv, ht
tooke the seas to goe into Cappadocia and Galatia, uiider _
colour to pay certaine sacrifices to the mother of the podd at-B
which he bad vowed unto her. But this was not the very
cause that made him to undertake this jomey, for he had an
other secret meaning in it. For his nature not being framed
to live in peace, luid to govcmc cjvill matters, and havinf
attained to Ids givatrK^ oy tmnt^^, and supposing that his
glorie and authority consumed and decreased altogether —
nving idlely in peace: he sought to devise new occosiod <^m
warres, hoping if he could -stirre uj> the kinges of A^sia, and
s[»ecially Mitnridates (who witJioiit his procurement wax
feared much, that one day he would make warTe> against the
Romaincs) that he sJiould then undoutedly without let of
anv man be chosen Geuerall to make warres witb him, and
'S02
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
wtthall also, that bv that meanes he should have occasion to CAIOS
fill the citie of Rome with newe triumphes, and hLs house SIARIUS
with the spoylcs of the great kingdome of Ponte, and with
the riches of the king. Now Mithridates disposing him selfe
to entt-rtaiiH* Marius, with all the hoiior and curtesies he
cuuld pitssihly shew him : MnriuH in thi- endc notwithstand-
ing would not oncn- gt'%*c him a gotxl liNikr. nor a curttoiw
word a^ne, but diurlishly myd imtn Mitliridulo* «t hi»
departua- from him : ITiou must dt-termine one of thnc MmIm prowd
two, king Mithridattv: either to make thy selfe rtrongrr TJ?*^*?,**
then the Homainc*, or eUe to lookc to doc what they com- *■'""'*■*••■
maund thee, witliout nsistaunce. These wordes amaxed
Mithridates, who had beard say before that the Romainei
' Would spoako their mindt-s freely : howltcit he never saw nor
provwl it before, uiilill tliat time. After Marius was returned
unto Home, he bialt a house nevre unto the market place,
bicnUKv he would not (as he said himself) that such as came
unto him should trouble them itelves in coing farre to bring
him home to his hoiuH-: or else for that he thought this
would be an ocouiion that dirente would come to salute him,
as they did olht-r S<-nntors, Howlx-it that was not theaui»e
in dei-^e, but the imcly <aui>e was, for tJial he had no natundl
gmce nor civility to entertaine men curteouily that came
unto him, and that he lacked behavior iHtttdeii to rule in a
common wealth : and therefore in time of peace they made
no more reckoning of him, then they did of an old rusty
hamessc or jmpk-ment that was good for nothing, but for
the warres only. j\nd for all other tliat professed armes as
him selfc did, no man grieved him so much to be called
forward to ofSce and state before him sclfe, as Sylla did.
For hi' was ready to burnt for spite, to )tcc that trie noble
mm did all what they could to pivferrc Syllm for the ntalice
and ill will they ]wro him : and that Syllaes fint riftingf and
prefem-ment grvw, hy the tjuarrells and eontcntioivx he had
with him. And specially when Docchus king of Numidia
was proclaimed by the Senate, a frende and confederate
of the Romaine people : he ofiVed up statues of victories,
carving tokens of triumpbc, into the temple of the Capitoll :
ana placed neerc unto tocm also, an image of gold of king
sod
CAI08
MABIUS
The cause of
the diMen-
tton botwent
Mariuii Mid
Syltk.
TTie wMTtf
of the oon>
fed«ntM.
SiloM stawU
ch&lenite and
«at««r.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
lugurtbe, whkh be delivered by his owne handcs unto Sylla.
And this mode Marius starke madde for spite and jolouKie,
and could not abide that an other should tMce iipun (lini the
glor)' of his doingcs : insomuch as he dt-tcmiinra to plueke
thoev images dowue, and to c&ry tlwni away by force. Sylla
on tJie otlKT side stomakcd Marius, and would not KufTer him
to take tliem out of tJie placv where they were : so that thia
ctvill Koditioii had taken present elfeet, liad nut the worrea of
their confederatt-N falteji out betwene. ond ri<stTfUi>ed them
for a time. For the be^ souldters and a>i>st warlike people
of all Italie, and of greatest power, they all together rose
Xinat Uie Romainest, and liaa well neere overthrowen their
>le Empire. For they were not onely of great force,
and power, and well armed : but their Captaines also, for
valliantnes and skill, did in maner e(]uall the worthiiH-s of
the Uomaines. For this warre fell out wonderfully, by
rvason of the calamity and misfortune that happciieil in it :
but it wanne Syllu as much fame and rcputacion, as it did
Marius shame and dishonor. For he shewn) him wife very
cokle and »low in all his entcrpristx, still delayingv time,
either hicatise a^ luu( mortified Im active hvate, and killed
that tjuicki- ready di.iiionition of liudy tluit wa» wont to be
in htm, l)eiii(r then alxtve Uirec- Mx>re and live yean olde:
or eUe as he sayd him selfe, bicause he was waxen flowfy,
and had ache in his raines and sinewes, that he could t>ot
well stirre his body, and that for shame, bicause he would
not tary bchindc in this warre, he did more then his ycares
could away withall. Notwiths tan ding, as he was, yet he
wannc a gn-at battel), wherein were slaine six thowsande of
their enemies : and so long as the warrcs endured, he never
gave them advantage of liini, but paciently suflred them
Humetime to intreoche him, and to mockc him, and geve him
vite word>, cha)cnging him out to fight, and yet a)) this
wou)d not provoke him. It is sayd aifio, tliat Pompedius
Silo, who was the chiefest (^ptaine of reputadon and
authority the enemies bad, said unto Marius on a time t If
thou be MariuR, so great a Captatne a.s tliey say thou art,
leave thy campe, and come out to battel. Naj, said Marius
to him againc ; If thou be a great CaptaJne, plueke me out
S04
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
by the cares, aiid compell me to come to battel]. An other
tunc when tie enemies eavc them occasion to gcvc a great
charge upon them with advantage: the Ilomaines were
faintc hartcd, and tliirst nut «ct upon them. \Vher«for«,
after both the one and the other were retired, Marius caused
hii men to assemble, and .s)uike unto them in thiii surte: I
con not tell which of the two I should rvcken mort cowardes:
you your itelvcs, or your eneuiiet : for Utey dunt not oitoe .
see your liackes, nor you tbeiii in the faces. In the end »ot-
with.s landing;, he wa.H compelled to reaigne hix cJiai^*, biding
able to serve no leii^r for the weakeiteiiiie and tlebihtie of hiit
body. Now, all the rebeU of Italie being put dowue, many
at Home (by the orators nicanes) did sue to Itave the cliarge
of the warres againat Mithridates: and among them, a
Tribune of the people called Sulpitius, (a veiy bold and
rash man) beyond alt mens hope and opinion preferred
Marius, and perswadcd them to geve him the charge of these
warres, with title and authority of vice Consull. The people
thereupon were devided into two partes : for the one side
stoode for Marius, and tbother wuuld Iiave Sylla take the
charge, saying, that Marius wa^i t«> thinke nuwc tipuon the
hotte but)ie^t at Bates, to louke to cure his okle bodie, urought
lowe witli rewnie and age, as him selfi' wiyd. For Marius
had a goodly .ttately hou-ie in tho>e parte.-* necre unto the
mount of Miwene, which was farre more fine and curiously Mon«
furnished, then became a Captaine that had bene in ao many •'"i'en'un-
foughten Imttelts and daungers. The)' say that Cornelia
afterwardea bought that 6qc house for the sunune of seven
tbowsande 6ve hundred crownea, and shortly after also,
Lucullus bought it ag&ine for two hundred and fifty thow-
sand crowncs : to so great excesse was vanitie and curiositie
growen in very short*- time at Rome. Notwithstanding all
this, Marian too ambitiou.ily striving like a passioned young Mariui
man agnirwl the weakeiie* and debilitv of hi» age, never amWtiou.
mined day but he would be in thv fiela of Man to e^cercisc
him seife among the young men, shewing his body disposed
and ready to handle all kinde of weaponi, and to rydv hnrM-s :
albeit that in his latter time, he had no jrreat health of btxiy,
bicause he was very heavy and sad. 'Inere were that liked
SOS
CAIUS
MARIOS
Sulpltiti* p!vd
of ux« hun-
dred koightcn.
Suluitiui
traldnM.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
th&t pA«ing well ill him, tutd went of purpose into the fielde
to see the paines lie totiki^ striving tu excel! the rest. How-
beit those of the better sorte were very sory to see his avarice
and ambition, con-Mdering specinJly, that being of a poore
man bwome very ricli, uni of a right mcftne persone a gnat
estate, that he coiilcle not now coiitainc his prosperity witliin
reasonable buundcs, nor content him sclFc to be cstciined
and honored, quiettie enjoying all he had wonne, lutd which
at that present be did jKissessc: but ns if he hnd bene very
poore and newly, ofltr ho had rvceivwl such grvnt honor
and tnumplif^ would yet enry out hi.<« age no Ktowlly, even
into (^p|>a«l(H'ia, and utito the n-alnic of I'oiit, to got- (iglit
there againjit Archelaus and Neoptoleinut), l.ieiitenaunta of
king Mithridates. In deede he alleaged some reasons to
excuse him wife, but they were altogether vaine : for he savd
that he desired in persone to bring up his sonnc in exercise
of annes, and to tench him the dtwipline of warrcs. Itiat
discovered the sctTct hidden plague, which of long time hath
lurked in Rome, Mnriut spceiolly having now met with n
fit instnniKiit, and minister to dc!<troy the common wealth,
which was, the iiinolent aitil ra-sh Sulpitiiii*: who altogether
followed SntuminuH (loingen, saving tn«t he was found too
cowanllv and fainte luurted in all hiit enterpriM^ and for
that di(l Mariu.4 iu^tly reprove him. But SulpitiuN, bicaiuw
he would not dally nor delav time, had evi-r sixe hundred
younge g«itlemen of the onfer of knightefl, whome he used
as his gard about him, and called them the gard against the
Senate. And one day as the Consulls kept their common
assembly in the market place, Sulpitius comming in armed
apou them, made them both take their heclcs, and get them
packing : and us they fled, oik- of the ConKult» sonncs being
taken tardy, was slaine, Sylla being thothcr Consul!, and
Ecrcciving that lie wiw foilow<'d hard at hand unto Marius
0UM>, rume into the same against the opinion of all the
world : wherof they that ranne after him not l>eing aware,
(Muwed by the house. And it is reported that Afariii.i him
selfe conveyed Sylla safelie out at a liacke dore, and that he
being scaped thus, went unto his campe. Notwithstanding,
Sylla him selfe in his commentaries doth not say, that he
906
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
was saved in IVIarius house when be fled : but that he waa CAIUS
brought thither to geve his consntt unto a matter which MAKl^S
Sulpitius woulde have forced him uiito ngainrt bis will, pre-
senting bim naked swordot on every side. And he wrytetb
abo, uuit being thus forcibly brought unto Marius house,
h« was kept there in this feare, uatilt sudi time aa rvtuni-
inge into the market place, he wa^ comiietled to revuki;
againe the adjuniement of justice) which ne and hi» cum-
paiiion by eojct had comiuaund«l 'llua done, Suluitiu*
then being the stronger, caused the oommiaaion and cnai^
of this warrc against Mithndatcs to be assigned unto Marius
by the voyce of tbc people. Thcrforc Mariua geving order
for bia departure, »cnt two of his ColooelLi bdore to take
the army of Sylla: who having wonm- his souldicrs harts
before, and stirred thciii up against Planus, brought tbcm
00 with him din-ctly towitrden Home, Ix-ing no ^s»c then
fire and thirty UiowMuid lighting men; who letting apon
the Cnptaiiiea Marius liod sent unto them, hIkvic Uicm iu
tlie fiettle. In revenge whereof, Marius againe in Rome put
nwny of Syllaes fnmdcs and followers to death, an<l pro-
claimed open liberty by sound of trompet, to all alaves iukI
bondmen that would take armes for him: but there were Marius
never but three onlv that offered them selves. \Vhi--rcuppon, "^^'tio"-
having made a litle n«i»taunec unto Sylla when he came
into Rome, he was suone after compelled to irmnc his way.
Mariu;« was no sooniT out of the ritie, but they that were 5'"j'n *'**''
in liix coinjjMUiy fonwking him, dispersed them selves here '''*"' J*""**-
and Uien- Ikui^ durke night: and jVInriuH bim nelfe got to
a liouu- of his in the contrie, called Saloiiium, an<l i^-nt his
Sonne to one of his father in law Mutius fanm^t nut farre
from thence, to make some provision for vittellt. I)ut Marius
in the mcane time, went before to Ostia, where one of hit
frendes Nuuicrius had prepared him a shippe, in the which
he imbarked immediatly, not tarying for bis sonne, and
hoisod eaile, having only Gmnius his wiven sonne with him.
la the mvane time llie yiMin^r Marius beinge at his father in
law Mutiii.i fiirme, stJiyed so long in getting of provision, in
trussing of it up. and ciuying it away, that brotule day bght
had like to liave discovered hiim : for the enemies had adrcr*
S07
CAIUS
MARICS
M»riu« the.
•onne flieUi
Into Africk«.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
tuement wbetber he was gone, nbereuptn) certaioe horsemen
were sent thither supposing to have fotind him. But the
keeper of the house liavine (ui inckling of their comminge,
and preventing them altio before thev c&me, sodainely yoked
his oxen to the irartv which he ludecf with beanes, and nidde
tliis younger Marias under the same. And prickingc the
oxen forward witli hin Koade, set out, atid met them as be
wiait towiird-s tin- city, and delivetwi IVlarius in thi» sort«
into hU wive« huu^: and there taking .tuch thiiiges ax lie
needed, wheii the night folEowing came, went towards the
sea, and tooke Rhippe, finding one crosae sayled, bound
towards Africke. Marius the father saylinge on still, had
a very good winde to poynte alongest the coast of Italie :
notwithstanding, being afraycd of one Geminius, a chicfe
nmn of 'IVrracine, who hated hjm to the de«th, be gave
the maryncTs warning thereof betimes, and willed them to
take hecdc of landing at Tcrrocinv. The maryners were very
willine to obey him, but the winde stoode full against them
oomming from the innyne, which nuscd a great storme, and
tiiey feared mueh that their ve**eU whieh wa» but a bote,
would not bntoke the nens, Ix^ides tliat he Iiim M-lfe wtw
very iiicke in his stomake, and Min- nea, beaten: iK)twith-
standing, at the length with the greatest difficulty that
might be, tlicy recovered the coast over against the city
of Circeca. In the meane time, the storme increased stm,
and their vittells failed them : whoroupou they were com-
pelled to laud, and went wandring up and downe not know-
inge what to doc, nor what way to take. But as it falleth
out commonly in such like cases of extremitie, they thought
it alwayes the best sufotie for them, to flic from the place
where they wen>, and to hope of that which they saw not :
for if tile sea were their enemy, the lande was so likewise.
To meet* witli men, thev were ufmyed : ami not to nieete
with them on thother »i()e lacking vittt'lLi, wa.t in dcede the
greater daunger, Ncveithelewt-, in the end Uiey met with
heard men that could geve them nothing to cate, but know-
ing Marius, warned hiui to get him out of the way as soane
aslie could possible, bicauae it was not longc since that there
passed by a great troupe of horsemen that sought him all
jao8
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
about And thus hang brought unto su«h perplexitVi that CAIU3
he knew not where toDestowe him selfe, and speciallv for &LARIUS
that the poorc men he hod in his company were almoet
fltarved for himger : he got out of tbo high way notwith-
standing, and sought out a very thickc woddc where he
pused all that niglit in great sorow, and the next mominge
behigc compelled oy necessity, determined yet to employ his
body befure all his irtretigtli fiuled. Thus he wuidi-red on
alongest the sea coast, §ti]l comforting thvm that followed
him the best he could, and praying ttivm not to dispayrv,
but to referre them selves to him, even until the laat hope,
trusting in certaine prophecies which the Soothsayers had
told him of long time before. For when he was but very
young, and dweSing in the contrr, he gathered up in the
lappe of his gowne, the ayrie of an ^igle, in the which Mariua found
were seven young Eagles : whereat his father and mother ¥• »J'*e •f
much wondering, asked the Soothsayers what that mont.
They answered, That their sonne one day should be one of
the gn.-utest men in the wortd, luid that out of doubt he
should ubtaine seven times in his life the chiefcst offk'e of
dignity in his contry. And for that matter, it m myd tJiat
HO in lU'de it came to pasw. Other hold opinion, tluit such
ai) were about MariuA at tliat time, in tliat present place, and
eUe where, during the time of !ii» flying: they hearing him
tell this tale, bdeved it, and afterwardes put it downe in
wr)'tingc, as a true thinge, although of trothe it ia bothe
fate and fayned. For they say, that the Eagle never getteth
hut two yoimge ones : by reason whereof it is mavnlavned
also, that the Poet Musa;us bathe lyed, in that wliich be
hathe wrytten in these verses :
Esgfw.
Tlie E»g\t liiyr* three ffgff, 'nd tiri> shn hatflietli forth :
But yet shn liringrth uf but on«, tlint snf thiag u worth.
IHowwoever it wak, it i» certaine tluit Marius many times
during the time of hia flying myd, that he was assured he
should come unto tl>e tteventli Oinsulship. When they were
comen necre now to the city of Mintumes, about a two mylc
and a halfe from it, they might perceive a troupe of horse-
men comming by the sea side, and two shippcs on tlie aea
S:DD «09
HowiBuy
Mjccitha
Eagle UjtOt.
CAIU5
MAams
lirUfl.
land, and fbr-
•akeu of ike
muiaeti.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
that fell uppon the coast by good happc. Wherefore thcr
all bccannc to runnc (so long w tncy hail breath luid
strcngSi) towardes the sea, into tl>e wliicli tliey threw thetn
selves, and got by swymining unto one of the ^ippes where
Gnuiius wait: and they crosaed over unto the lie that is
right agaimt it called Eiiaria. Now for Marius, who was
heavy and sicke of body, two of his servauales hoipe to bolde
him up alwayes above water, with the greatest pain« and
difficunie in the worldc : and at the last they labored so
tliRMigfaly, that they put him into tl)e otlicr «hippe at the selfe
same present, when the horsemen came unto the sen ade^
who cried out alowde to the niarynvn, to lande againc, or
cl«c throw Mariu» over horde, and then to goe where thev
would. Marius on thother »i<le humbly besought them witli
tcarvit, not »o to do : whereby the masters of the shippe
in a shortc space were in many raindes whether to doe it, or
not to doe it. In the endc notwith-itanding, they aunHwered
the horsemen they would not throwe him over the borde :
M> the horsemen went their way in a great rage. But as soone
as they were gone, the masters of the shippc diaunging minde,
drewe towardes lande, and cost auckcr about the mouth of
the river of Liris, where it leaveth her banckes, and maketb
great marysses: and there they lolde Marius he nhould doe
well to goe a land to vnte .■«om<.-what, and rrfrevh his sea
sicke booy, till the winde Kcrved them to make mile, which
doubtleate xaycd they, will he at a certaine hower when the
sea winde fallen and hecomeK calrae, and that tliere ri»eth a
litle winde from the lande, ingendred by the vapours of the
nmryasea, which will serve the tume very well to take twas
agame. Marius following their counsell, and thinking they
had ment eood faith, was set a lande uppon the rivers bancke:
and there layed him downe apon the grosse, nothing suspect-
ing that which happened after to him. For the manners
preiK-ntly taking their shippc ogaine, and hovsing up their
anekers. Hailed straight away, and fled : j"*!ging it no hones^
for them to have delivereHl Marius into the handes of his
enemies, nor safetie for them selves to have saved him.
Marius finding him selfe all alone, and fonaken of every
man, lay on the ground a great, while, and sayd never a
210
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
word : jrH at the length taking hartc a Utle to him» got up CAIT:.S
ODce againe on hU fccte, and paincfully wandrcd up and MARIUS
downe, where u-as ncitlicr way nor pathc at all, ovcrtnwnri
dvepe marissfs and grvtit ditchi-s, mil uf wat*-r luid muddc,
till hi' came at tlic length to u poorc oldc nuinx voUlgv,
dwelling there in tlimu nuirissi-H, luid fallingi; ut hi.s feetc,
btMought him tu help^.- to wuve txiid Hucvoiir a |hk>k Hiflicted
man, vrith prumiM; tliat one da; he would gvve him a better
raconi(K>nce then he Io«>kvd for, if he miglit escape this
preKnt (launger wherein he was. The olde man whether for
that he had kriowen Mariun aforetime, or that seeing him (hy
c«>niecturt only) judged him to he some great personage:
tola him that if he ment but to lye downc and rest him selfe
a litle, his poore cabyne would aervc that tume n-asonably
well : but if he mciit to wondor thus, to die his eiMiuicii that
followed him, he would then bring him into a mure sec-ret
place, nnd fanlcrof from iioy»e. Mariiu pmyvd him thjtt he
would no mucl] doe for him : ami the good mmi brought him Mnriai
into the niari^lie, unto a low plocv by tin- rivers «de, where ^'^^'o io Hi«
he made him lye downe, and tlien covered him with « great ''^■''"••••
deale of n^ede and bent, and otlier such tight tliinges as
could not hurte him. He had not long l>ene tliere, but he
heard a great noyse comming towardeti the cabin of the
poore old man : for Geminius of Terracine had sent men all
about to secke for him, whereof some by chaunce came that
way, and put the ]HK>n; man in a fcare, and threatned him
that he hod received and hidden an cnomie of th« Romaincs.
Marius hearing that, ro«e out of the place where the old
man hod luyeu him, and Ktripping him nelfe etarke naked,
went into a [Wirte of the mamht- wlu-n.'^ the WMtcr wan full of
niyre and mudde, and there wa.i founde of tlione that ^-^irehcd
for him : who takinge him out of the ulime htl naked on he MuiusUkeo.
was, caried him into the citie of Mintumeti, and delivered him
there into the govemoutB bandes. Open proclamation was
made by the Soiate through all ItaJie, that they should
apprehend Marius, and kifl him wheresoever they founde
him. NotwitliBtanding, the governors and magistmtes of
Alintumo thought good lir»t to consult thenipon omongest
tbvm wives, and in tbc meanc time thc^ debvcrod him into
211
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
CAIUS the safe custody of n H-om&n called Fannw, whom they
MARIUS thought to have bene a bitter ciicmie of his, for an oia_
gnidec she had to hiin, whicli was this : Fannia somtitnv '
a husband called Tinitius, whom sht wa^i willine to li'uvf fur
that they could not iijfrc, and rctiuircd ht-r (lower of him
uiiinc, which niis very frn-ut. Her husbnndv aj^iuiic .taycdi
inc had iilim-d Uic whurit. Tlie inutti-r wax brouflit before
MaHun m im x\\t Conitubhippe, who hod gevcn judgviaent
npon it. Huth {uirtieH bt-iiig lieanl, and the l«w prasecute '
on eithi-r aide, it v/tm found tJint thin Faiinia waa a naught
wofiiaii of her body, atid that her huijlmtitl knowing it weC
enoush before he maried her, yet tooke her witJi her faultcs,
and long time lived with Iier. Wherefore Marius being
angrie with them both, gave sentence that the husband
should repay backc her dower, and that for her naughty Ufe,
pAimioM she should pay fourc fartbings. This notwitbstanding, when
ciirt(«i« onto Fanniu saw Marius, she gru^^^d him not for that, and Kwd
'"*■ of ail had any revenpiiige miride in her towardirs him, but
cuntrarily did cortiforte and heipe him what she eouUI with
that she had. Marius thanked her niar>*elously for it, aiid
iiiui her bojie well : bicautte he mvt with good hivke as he
waa coinnting to her houae, and in this manner. A-i they
were leading of him, when he came ncere to Fantiiaes house,
her dore l>eing open, there came an sxte nuining out to go
drinke at a conouit : not farre from thence: and meeting
Marius by the way, looked apon him witli a lively joyfufl
countcnatmce, first of all stopping sodainly before him, and
thou bcgiiming to bray out alowde, and to leape and skippc
by him. Whereuppon Marius straight conjcvttning with
him »elfe, said, that the goddes did signifie unto him, that be
sltuulil save him selfe sooner by water then by lande : bicause
that tlie atse leaving him, nmm- to drinke, and cared not ti>
eate. So when he had tolde Fiuuiia this t(do, he desiixxl to rest,
and prayed them to let him alone, and to nJiut the chamber
dore to him. But the mogistrateH of the citie having con-
8ult4<d together about him, in the ende i«»olved they must
deferre no lenger time, but dispatchc him out of tlie way
presently. Now when they were agreed apon it, they could
not findc a man in the citie that durat take apon him to kill
212
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
him: but a nun of oimcs of the GkuIcs, or one of the
Cimbres (for we fiotic botli the one rikI the other in wryting)
that went thither with his sworti dmweii in his hitndc. Now,
that place of the chamlx-r wlR-n;in Miiriits lay waa vtry
darkc, and as it is reported, the citu) of anneti thoit^t lie
aawe two huminge flames come out of Mariu* eyvn, nTuT heard
a voyce out of that dar ke comer, sayinfr unto him : O fcHowe,
thou, dnriMt thou come to kill Cttia% Mariun p 'llie Imrharoua
Oaule henring lht--se wordes, nuine out of the e)iuinht-r pre-
sently, cikitiiig hi^ sworde in the niiddc^t of the flower, and
crying out theite wordes onely : I can not kill Caiuii Maiius.
Tnis niade tlie Mintumlaiis afraied in the city at the first,
but afterwards it moved them to compassion. So they were
angry with them selves, and did repent them that they con-
verted their counsell to so eruell and iinkinde a decde,
against one that had preserved all Italie: and to deny him
aide in so extreamc ucceKsity, it was too great a Kliine.
Therefore let us let him goi-, »ayeil they to tht-m selves,
wlterc he will, and suffer him take his fortune aj>puintM) him
eUc where : and let us pny to tlie goddvs to p<irdone tiiis
offence of ourn, to have thrust Manu« nakeii and Ix^gerly
out of our city. For thoi<c conMderatioii.s tiie Mintumiaiis
went all togt-tJicr to Marius wlure he woa, aiul stoode almut
him, determining to see him nafeiy amducted unto the sea
side. Now though every man wa« ready, and willing to
pleasure him, some with one thing, some with an other, and
that they did hasten him all they could posdhle, yet they
were a good while a going thither : hicause there was a
wodde c&lled Marica, that layc right in their way bctwene
their city and the sea coast which they creatly rv-vcrence,
and thinke it a socnledgc to cary any thing out of that
woddc, tliat woH once brought into it. On thother nidc,
to leave to goe through this wodde, and to compasse it
rounde atwut, it would oAe a nuir^-elous long time So
they standing all in douht w)iat they should doe, one of the
auncientest men of the city, spake alowde unto them, and
nid : that there was no way forbidden them, that went
about to save Marius life. TIicii Marius him selfe being
the fonneat man, taking up some of the fardells which
SIS
CAIU5
MARIOS
One hiwrid W
kill Mnriui.
Tlie Mlnttti^
iiians mifFcred
Mariu* to Ki>
hlR w»y with
safety.
Usrlca Sjln.
■A^aaa
CAIU9
MARI(;8
Mvlui the
eldw ftleUi
latoAMck*.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
they caried with him, to plesaurc him in the ahip, vent
through the wodde. All other thin^ necessary- being thus
rvndilv ])rc)Mirrd for him with like goodwil, and HpL-ciaUy
the snipuL- which one- Bellams had ordained for him: M
caused oJI this sloriv to bo painted in a tabic at large,
which hr gave luitu th« tvniplv, out of the which he dqiarted
when he tuoke ^lippc. Aflvr he was departed thence, the
witide by good fortune caried hini into the He of Knaria,
where he foiinde UraniuB and some other of his freii<It?s. with
whom he tooke &ea ogaine, and pointed towardea Africke.
But lacking water, they were compelled to landc in Sicilio,
in the territory of the city of Erix : where by chaunce Uiere
Uye a Romame Qua»tor, who kept that coast. Morius
being landed there, sc^wd very narrowly that he was not
taken of him : for he slue sixteene of his men that came out
with liini to take water. So Mariux getting liiui tJienoc
with oil spei-de, eniwixl the leaa, untill nv arrival in tlie lie
of Atenyn;^, where he (irst undcmtoode tliat his Aunne w««
savml witli CetheguH, and that tliey wt;re Ixith tutf^tiier gone
to Hienipsal king of the Numidians to bcseeche him of ayde.
'I'hiH gate him a litle corage, and made him bold to passe
out of that lie, into the coast of Carthage. Nowe at that
time, Scxtilius a Homaine Prajtor wai governor of Africke,
unto whom Manus had never done good nor hurt, and
therfore be hoped, that for pity only he might perhappm
have helpc at his hande. Ilowbcit he was no sooner lanued
with a few of his men, but a scrgvattnt come straight and
nayd unto him: SexUlius, Prietor and f;uv^-mor of Libya,
dot!) forbid thee to laiule in all thiit province : otlierwise l»e
t«Ueth tiRt-, tliat he will obay the Senateit t-ommauiidcinettt»
and purtue tliee as an enemy of the Uoiiiainefl. Matiuf
hearing thu coroinaundenient, waa so angry and Bory both,
that he coulde not readily tell what aunswere to malce him,
and pawsed a good while, and eayd never a word, still eying
the sergeaunt with a mmmc looke : untill he asked nim,
what aunswcr he would make, to the Pnvtors eomiiiaunifc-
ment. Mariiw then fetching a dpcpc sigh from hi." hartc, gave
him this aunswcr : Thou xlmlt Ull Scxtilius, that thou
host aetot Coius Morius bouished out of his coiitrie, sittinge
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
amongest the ruines of the city of Cartbue. By tfau
aunswere, be wisely laved the example of me mine and
destruction of that givat dt)' of Carthage, before SextiHua
eves, and the chaungc of his fortune : to wame Sextilius that
tne like might fell uppon him. In the meane time, Uiemo-
sal king of the NiunidiAns, not knowit^ bow to resolve, did
Iwnorauly intreatc voung Morius anu bis compani«. But
when they wen- willing to goc their way, be alwaycs founde
newe occasion to stay thL-tti, aii<I was very ^ad to toe that he
vtarted nut for any oixirtunity or good occauon that was
offered : ootwithatJaduige, there fortuni-<l a happy nivaae
unto them, whereby they saved t}tei:i setves. And tim it
was. Iliis Mariuc the younger being a fayer complexioned
young man, it pitied one of the kinges concubines to see him
80 hardly delt wi thall. This pity of hen was a shadow to doke
the love she bare him : but Marius would not hearken at the
first to her intiscmcntcs, and rcfu!>ed her. Yet in the ende,
SLTceix-ing that there wiis no other way for him to escape
icnce, and consideritig ttiat six did all thinges for their
availc, more dilig^.'ntly and lovingly then iihc would have
done, if she hod not ment further matter imto him, then
only to enjoy the plcaflurc of him : be then accepted her
love and kytnincsie, so oa at the length she taught him n way
bowe to flyi^, and save biin M-ife and his freiuleri. Hereupon
be went to hia father, and after they bad inibraccd and
■aluted eche other, going alongest tlie aca aide, they founde
two soorpiona figbtinge together. Maiiua tooke this for an
ill ngne : wherupon thcr quickly tooke a fisher boate, and
went into the ile of Cerciua, which is no great distaunce of
&om finnc landc. They had no soner hoi%d up ancker, hut
they sawe the honie men which kiiif:;c lliempsal had sent
unto the place from whence they were departed : and that
was one of the greatctit dauogcn that Manus ever csc&pcd.
In the mcanc time tben^ was ncwes at Home, that Silla made
wiure against kinge Mithridate* Li<titen«untrs : and further-
more, that the Consulla being up in armca tbone against
thother, Octnviua wanikc tlie battell, and being the stronger
had driven nut Cinna, who sought to have usurped tyran-
iiinll power, and had made Cornelius Menila Consull in bis
ai5
CAIU8
KURIL'S
atiKwers of
flirt iinM in-
Gumitaaey.
Martiit tbs
CfCaprth
HypcipMiIi
ktioda
Cinna driven
out of Rome
by OcUviui.
CAIU9
MAEUVS
Mariui joyn-
eth force
with Ciiuia.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
place : and that CJnnn on thothrr sido leavicd men out gf
other partes of Itftlii*, nod nindt; wanes upon them that were
in Rome. Marius hvnnngof this diwciition, thought good
to rctumv as MKim* it» hv cuiild ixnsibli- into Italic. And
aGSt-mbling ccrtaiiie horsi:mi.-i) of Uit- nation of tlw Mauni-
nans in Africke, and certaiiiv Itnliaiu ttuit had sRvni thrm
aelvus there, unto tlie number of a thowtaiid men in all : he
tooke sea, aitd landed inaliaven of Thuitoute called TelanMn,
and being landed, proclaimed by aounde of trompet, liberty
to all slaves and bonde men that would come to him. So
the laborers, heard men, and neateheanies of all that marches
for tlie onely name and rcputacion of Marius, raune to the
aea side from all partes : of the which he having chosen out
the stowtest and lustitist of them, waime them so by fayer
wofdca, that having gathered a great companie together in
few daycs, he made fortii; iMylc of them. Puruiermore,
knowing that Octavius wax a man'elotis honest man, that
would have no authiiritie otlierwiM^' then law and reason
would : and tliat Cinna to llie contmrie was suspected of
Syllo, and that he wught to bring in chiumgv ima innova-
twn to the common wealth, he detennined to joync his force
with Cinna. So Marius sent firat unto Cinna, to lettc him
undorxtandc that he would obay him an Consull, and be
rcmiy to do all that he should comroaunde him. Cinna
rec('ii'ed him, and gave him the title and autlioritie of Vie^
coiiaull, and sent him scrgcaunts to carie axes and rtMldea
before him, with all other s:lgnes of publicke autiioritie. But
Marius refused them, and saved, that pompe became not hu
miserable fortune : for he ever went in a poore threede bare
Ewne, and had let his heare grow still after he was banished,
ing above three score mvf tenne yeare olde, and had a
sober gnt(^ wiUi him, to make men jjitie him the more that
sawe him. But under all this counterfeatc pitic of his, he
never chaunged his naturall looke, which was ever more
fcartfull and terrible, then oUterwij«. And where he spake
but litle, and went very demurely and sot>crly : that shewed
rather a cankered cornge within him, then a minde humbled
by his baniahment Inus when he had saluted Cinna, and
spoken to the souldiers : be then be^^anne to set thiugcs
S16
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
kbrottchc, and made a wondcrfuU chaiingc in fewe dayes. CAIUS
For first of all, with hi^ ship)>e3 lie cut of all the vittelU by MARIUS
sum, and rubbed the DiRrrhniints tliat caiied come and oUier
vittoUs to Rome : so that in a shorte space he was master
purveyLT for all necvsairie provision and vittclls. After
this he went R]on^>st the coast, and toukv all the cities apon
the sen side, oiid at the length wainte Ottia also by treason,
put the mort purtc of them in tin* towno to the mword, and
spoylcd all their grHMl«'» : and HfUTwards making a bridge
apon the river of 'nKT, t(x>ke from bin enemies all hope to
have any manner of provision by sea. That done, he went
diractJv towarde* Koine with hiti armie, where first he wantw
the hiH called lanicutum through Octavius faulte : who over- OeUrina
tlirewe him selfe in his doinffes, not so much for Iscke of I'*5%^""*
reasonable *kill of warrea, oh tJirtrngh his unprofitable curio- J? t-tT**!
sitie and strictnes in observing the law. For when diverse Rume.Mmnrt
did perswade him to set the bond men at liberty to take Cinnt'aad
ormea for defence of the common wealth : be aunswered, Mwiw,
that he would never gevc bond men the law and privilcdge
of a Itomaine citizen, having driven Cains Mariiis out of
Rome, to matntaine the anthoritie of t)K- lawe. I)ut when
Ciecilius MeteUiis was come to Rome, tJie soniie of that
MctelUis Numidicus, that having Ix-gonne the warns in
Libya against king lugiirtbe, was jitit out by Marius : the
souldioTM foreooke Octavius immediAtly, and came unto him,
bicausc they tookc him to be a better Captaine, and dealred
also to have a K-juler that could tell how to commaund
tliem, to .lavo the citio, and tlie oomnMin wealth. For they
promi.4i-d to tiglit valliiuilly, and perswadcd them selves that
they should overcome their enemies, so that they ha<! a skil-
ful! and valliant (^ptaine that could order them. Mctcllus
misliking their offer, commaunded them in anger to rctume
a^^aine unto tJve Conaull : but they for spite went unto tlicir
enemies. Mctellus on tbothcr side, seeing no goiKl order
taken in the citic to resist the cncniies, got him out of
Home. But Octavius being (icrswadni by certoine Sooth- 0<:Uviu« too
saycr* and Ch&ldcan sacrificcrs, who promised him all should J""'^''^'V''
ffoe well with him, taried still in Home. For that man "" "" "*"**
being otherwise, as wise as any Roniaine of his time, and
3 : EE an
CAIUS
MARIUS
Octtviiu
virtue And ini'
peiftotion.
OcUviuR
■laine by
Mariu*
Muldian.
A great eott-
tniri«ty la
iwtr<iriomy.
Oinnn adH
MHriuR entry
iatn Itonip.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
on« that delt as uprightly in his Conaiikhippe, not carinl
away with liftttering tales, and one also that followed thf
auncieut ordei's and customcs as iulalliblc rules and examples,
neither hrcaking nor oniitting any parte therof : vac thinkes
yet had this imperfection, that hv frequented the SooUi-
sayers, wikc men, and astronomers, more then men fikilfull in
armes and fjovemmi-nt. Wherefore, Ix'fore that Mariu* him
selfe eame into the citic, Octavius wax by forct pluet out
of the pulpit for orations, and slaiiie presently by Mariiui
sonldiers, wliome he had sent before into the citi& And
it in sayed also, that when h« was slaine, they founde a
figure of a Oialdean pro])heeic in hi« bntome : and here is
to 1« noted a great eoiitrarietie in tliese two notable men,
Olavius and Marius. The first lost his life, by trusting
to soothsaying : and the seconde prospered, and rose
againe, bicause he did not despise the arte of di\'ination.
'ine state of Rome standing then in this mitncr, the
Senate consulting together, sent Ambassadors unto Cinna
and Marius, to pray them to eome peacibly into Borne,
and not to embnie their hands with the blood of their
citizens. Cinna sitting in his chayer as Consid, gave them
audience, and made them a very reasonable and eurteous
aunswer. Marius standing by hiro, spake never a worde:
hut kIh'wmI by his sower looke that he would stiaigbt fill
Hnnie witJi murdi-r luid blood. So when tlie Ambasmdors
were gone, Cinna aunc into Himie enxironned with a great
number of souldien : but Maritis Ntay'd itodainly at the
gate, speaking part«-!y in /uigiT, and partely in mockerie,
that he was a Iianisht'd man, and driven out of his
eontric by law. And therefore if th^ would have him
come into Home againe, they should first by a contrarie
deeree abolish and revoke that of his liajiishmcnt, as if
he hod bene a religious observer of the lawcs, and as
thoKgh Rome had at that present enjoyed their freedom
and libertie. Thus ho made the i»oplc assemble in the
market plat-e to proccede to the confirmation of his call-
ing home againe. But before three or fbure tritx* had
time to geve their voices, disguising the mattvr no Icnger,
and showing plainly that he mcnt not to be lawfully called
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
home asaine from exile : he came into Rome with a garde
about aim, of the veriest rascalU, and most sbsnietesse
slaves, called the Dardiieians, who came to him from all
partes; and they for the least woi-d hi- spake, or at the
twinckling of his eye, or at a noddc of his head mode to
thc-ni, slew many mc-n through his cuiimuiuudemciit, luid ut
the length slew Anchnrius a Senator (tlint hod bene Pnt;tor)
at Manus feete with their swordcs, bicuusc only that Morius
did not .salute him when he came unv ilny to npMke witli
him. AftiT thi» murthcr, they continued killinge all them
that Marius did not Kulutt-, oiul .tjienke irato : for tliat was
the very nigne he had gtrvmi thvni, to kill Uiein openly in the
streetei before every iimri, so tliat his very frendes were
afvarde of lieing murtliered, when tJiey came to aalute him.
Thus being a great numlier of men slaine, Cinna in the end
begannc to be satisfied, and to appease his aiigcr. But
Munus anger and unsatiable desire of revenge in(^rea!ted more
and more, so that he s|)ared not one if he suspected him
never so litle : and there was neither towne nor high way,
that WH» not full of skowtcH and spies, to huiite them out
that biddc them selves and fled. Then experience taught
them, that no frcndc is fiiithftdl, aud to be trusted, if fortune
especially frovnic never so litli- : for tiiere were very fewe
that did not Iwtraj' tljeir frendes tliat fled to them for
Kuecor. And tht^rcftire dtur Ciirnutu^ servaunLi mo mudi the
more deserve pniiM.', wlio having secretly hidden their master
in his house, did hang up the dead body of some common
nersoiie by the necke, and having put a golde ring on his
linOTr, thcv shewed him to the llardisians, Marius garde,
niiti burieti him in steade of their owne master, without sus-
liicion of any man that it won a faiiied thing : and so Comutus
being hidden by his servauntcs, was safely conveyed into
the cnntriv of Gaulc. Marke Anthony the fh^tor hod also
founde uut n faithfull frende, yet was he unfortunate. This
faithful! fmid of his, was a poore simple mjm, who having
received one of the chiefest men of Home into bin house to
kcpe him close Uutc : he being dwirons to make him the
best chere he could with that Title he had, sent one of his
men to the next tavcnic to fetcbe wine, and tastinge the
919
CAIUS
MAltI[;S
BardiwL
MuriuicauitccI
BTMit murdur
m KoDic.
MariuB
cTuelUe.
SanaUlfUft
of fraadw In
Bidi'er«ltl«;
The fsilhful-
UM of Curnii-
tusMomiuiW
to th^
nutar.
M. Antoniua
Ihc (>mlor,
l>«trn]-eil hy a
Urenier.
CAIUS
BIAIUUS
The force of
eloqueuce.
Catulu* Luc-
tntiua kilted
himvelfe.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
wine more curiouitly then be wm wont to do, he called for
better. The drawer ai^kcd liiiii, why th»t new ordinary wine
would not serve him, hut he niuat iiceden have of the be&t Aiid
deoieet : the foolish fellow simply aunswered him (tellioK him
■a his &milLar frend) that his master did feast Marke An wony,
who was bidden very secretly in his bouse. He was no soonrr
gone with his wine, and nis bsclce turned, but the vile
traitcTouH drawer rume unto Marius, who was set at supper
when he came. The drawer bcinj^ brought to him, proniiMfl
him to deliver Marke Anthony into his handcs. MariuK
hearing that, waa to joconde, that he cried out, and clapt his
haiulet together for joyc: and would have risen from the
Iwrde, aiiiT gone tluther him Kclfc in penHHie, had Dot his
frendes kept him Iwekv. Rut he sent jVnnitix one of his
Captaines thither with a <urtaine ntimlx-r of souldiera., and
commaunded them to hriti^- him his hiiuie tguickely. So tbcy
went thither, and when tiiey were coau: to tlie bouse whim
the drawer had brought them to, Aimiuit taried beneath at
the dore, and the souldiers went up the sta^'era into the
chamber, and finding Anthony there, they b^anne to en-
tonige one an other to kill him, not one of them having the
liiirii: to lay handc's uppon him. For Anthonyes tongue vra
us Kwcetv (w a Sircne, and had such an excellent grace in
s|K!iikiiig, that when be began to spcakc unto the souldier^ and
to pray thviu to save tiis life : their was not one of tbein so
hard hitrted, ok onc»; to touch him, no not oiidy to looke him
in the facv, but looking downewitrde);, fell a weeping. Annius
perceiving they t^irietl long, and cnuic not downe, went him
selfe up into the ehainlier, and founil Anthony bilking to hn
niouldicrs, and thi-ni wt-eping, hi.t nweele eloquent tongue
had so melted their harte'i : but be rating them, iwine
furiously apoii him, and strake of hi» head with his owne
h«n(I(%. And Catulus Luctatius also, that had bene Consult
with Marius, and hsd triumphed over the (.'imhres with him,
seeing him selfe in this perill, set men to intreate Marius for
him : but his Jiunswcre was e^er, he must needes dye. So
Catulus locked him sclfc into a Utle chamber, and mode a
great tire of charoolc to be kindled, and with the smoke
thereof choked him sclfe. Now afler their hcsdes were cut
iao
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
of, tb<^y threw out the nak«d bodiitt into tiw ^In-ctvs, (u>d
truddv them under their feetf : the vhicli vrtu not only ■>
pititffull, bitt n fuirvfull Mght to nil tlmt mwc iheni. Hut
iifU-r ikll this yet, tlnif wim nothing tiint {^riwit! tlio [xt>ple
Ml much, w the horriMi^ lechcrv nnd nhlioiniiiaUle <;ruelty of
tluK ganl of the Uurdiieiaiui, wlio couiniing into menu houftes
by fume, after thev hiuJ ataiue the miutent, defiled their
young children, and ravi&lied their wivoi and maides, and no
man would once reprove tljcir crueltie, Jet-hcrie, and unsati-
able avarice : until! Cinna and Sertorius in the end set apon
them sn they slept in their campe, and slcwe thcni every one.
But in this extreniitie, as if all thinges luul bene restored
unto their first estate, newpH cnine a^nv from tdl partem
to Home, that Sylla having ended l)i» warn.- agninHt kiiij
CAIU8
MARItJS
The Biv<liiD-
of UiMr Cap-
bun* for their
cruel ti&
Mithridutes, and recovered the pniviitcei which he hii
unirped : retunii.-*) into Italie with a gn-at {mwct. This
euned these cvilN and unnpeakeahh- miM-ries to ci-n»e a litle,
liicauM- t)ie wickf<l dtx-nt of Uie satne looked tliey should
liaie warres on Un-ir liiu-keH ere it were long. Whereuppon
MariuR was chosen (.'oiihuU the 9e%'enth time. He going out
of hiH house openly the first day of lanuarie, being the
beginning of the yeare, to take possession of hi» Consul-
shippc : caused one Scxtus Lucmus to be throwen downe
headlong from the rockc Turpeian, which seemed to be a
gR-iit Mgne and cvrt&ine token of the e\ilU and miseries,
that fell out afterwards the selfe same yem apon them of
their faction, and unto all the citic l>csidc. But MariuM
being wre broken with bin former troubles, and his minde
oppitaM-d witli extreftjHV sorow and griefe, w>uld not now tU
this la.'tt time of neede pluvke up hi» biirte to him iignirK-,
when he came to thinke of t)>i.i nowe towtLixl wnrre tliat
threatned him, and of the daungers, griefe:!, ami trnubk-s be
should enter into, more great and )>mlloua then any he tuul
passed before. For through the great experience he had in
warrcs, he tremblwi for fearc when he beganne to thinke of
it, considering that he had to fight, not with Octaviua, nor
with Mvnila, C'uptjiincs of u cx>mpHnie of rel>en!< gatliered
togetlicr : but with a imblc Sylla, that hod driven liim out
of itome before, and that cume now from driving the puiaant
sesi
.Mariua
•evciith
CwMuUhip.
Mariiu
UiouffhUi
M)<1 lure.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
CAIUS king MiUiridatcs, unto the furdcst parte of the rcalmc of
HARIUS Pont, and of the !K-u Euxinum. Thus, dcviicly wnyitig Ax>d
considering the s&me, nnd fpeciallj' whi-n ne looked meke
u|)|>oii lii> lun^ tinK* of tmniKhnH-tit, how vticnbundlike tie
WftndcTed up iind downc in uUier coiitriejt, wid nrnienibn-d
the mat ini»fortiinw hv hml fiunsed, hikI tlie .■'un<lrit.' daun-
gen he fell ko oflvii into, being purMied ntiil by ttea and by
land : it grieved him to the hute, wid made him »o unquiet,
that lie coulde not uleepe in the night, or if he slept, had
feaj^full dreamer that troubled him, and still he thought he
besTxl a voyee burning in his eares :
A L^ons very dvnnc, is dreadfull to bobold ;
ThouKh ho him cclfo he f^nc abroadc, and be not therein hold.
But fearing ino*t of all that Ite sh4>uld no more Klcepc niid
t«kc hia n»t, he gave him selfc to moke unn-naoimble
bnnekets, and to drinke more then his yeres could bcare,
DevMc to seeking to wiinte iileepe by this meanes, to avoyde care the
vinaedeepc. better. But at the length there came one mini the sea,
that gave him certaine intelligence of all : and that was an
increase of a new feare unto him. And thus he being now
extrcfunelv troubled, partely for feare of the thing to come,
and partely also for the over heavic burden of his present ill,
there ncded but litJe more ax^ntvation, to fall into the
disease wherrof he dyixl, which was n plewrisie : as Posi-
donius the PhilosopheT untcth, who «>ycth ptntuly that he
went into hi» ehaniber whiii he wn« Mcke, utxi Muike unto
him abotit matters of his Ambastude, for the whicli he came
to Rome. Vet an otJier histuriogniphvr ('aiu« l*i»o wryteth,
that Manus walking one <lay after xupwr with his fniKU'x,
fdl in talke nf hi.i fortuni; fnmi tlte ficginnin^ of hiii life,
telling Uiem at laree how ot^i-n fortune bad tume<l with and
againxt him : concluding, that it is no wise maas^ ))srte to
trust her any more. So when he had doite, he tooke his
Marlus the leave of them, and layed him downe upon hia bed, where he
Gtlhen death, lay siekc seven dayes togetlicr, and on the seventh day dyed.
Some wrvte tliat liis auiBition appeared plainly, by a straunge
raving tl^at tooke blm in his head during; his sickcnes. For
he thought that he made warrvs with ^lithridatcs, and slicwed
Id bis bed all his gestures and movings of his bodic, as if he
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
had bene in a batt^ crying the selfe same cryea out alowde, CAIOS
which he was wont to crie when he was in the cxtreftme«t SIARIL'S
fight. The dedrt- he bad to have taken this charge in hande M"iu« mad
i^tiii.«t Mithridfttes, was so dccpely setled in his miiidv •""'•'tioM.
through cxtrcamc ambition and je&louz^- that possest him:
thut iH-ing then three score and ten veare old, after he had
bene th(! lint man that ever was chosen seven times ConsuU
in Rome, and aUo after that he had gotten a world of goodes A note Bfainit
and richeKie together that might have suffiscd many kinges : the »nil>itious.
yet for all this he dyed for sonowe, lamenting fiis harde
fortune, as if he had dyed before^ hi« time, and before that
he had done and ended tliat which lie hod detirvd. But
this was cleane eontrarie unto tliat the wife Plato did, when
he drewe neere to his death. For Ite gave God thanke* for Platoes ironis
his fatal! end and good fortune. First, for that i»e liad made ** •"'• <l«ifc-
him a reasonable man, and no brute 1?ea.<it : secondly, a
Greke and no barbarous man : and furthermore, for that
he wiu bontc in Socrates time. It is reported also, that
one Antijiater of Tharsis calling to mind a litle before hit
death the good fortune he had in his life time, did not for-
gctte nmongc other thinges, to tell of the happie navigation
he mode, tT)mming fnjm his contrie unto Athens : which did
witne«w that he put upon the fyle of his good accompts for
A nngular git-at griico, all favor fortune luid shewed him,
and uiat he kept it in pi-rpetuall memorie, being the oncly
and most a-tsured treasure a man can have, to keiJc those
giftes that nature or fortune doe Ix^towc ujion hira. But
contrariwise, untb&nkefull fooles unto God and nature Twtfa,
doe forget with time tlie memory of tlieir fonner benefitted,
and laying up nothing, nor kening it in perpetuall memory,
are alwaycs voyde of goods and full of hojie, gaping still for
things to come and leaving in the meane time Uie things
prcBcnt, though reason pcrswndes them the contrarv. tor
fortune may easily let tnem of the thing to come, liut she
cftO not take tliat from them which is already past : and yet
they utterly forget the certaim- benefit of fortime, as a thing
noUiing btrlonging unto them, and dreame ainaycs of that
which i« uitc«rtame. And sure it ehauiiceth ti) them by
great reason. For, having gathered outward goodes together,
CAfOS
MARICS
Note that In
follow iuK It
Aiipenretii,
tliHt Atari UK
theyoungtir
in th* city of
PnsaL'i>l*.',utiil
Dot iu PcnmiH
naytmule
hitn. Sou
ihe dtv »eem-
«tJi toW nil»-
t^m in niifl
ol UlMO liVM.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
and locking them up before they have built and Isyd a sure
f^Miiidcd r<>ut)diu:ioii of reason through D^wd leaniinj^ : they
can not aflt^rwardes till nor qiicnchc thcu' unaatJable grcedie
co%-etoua niiiide. Thus ended Marius his life, the seventeenth
day of his seventh Consijshippc, whereof all the citic of
Rome was not 8 litle slad, and toc^c liarte ugainc tmto them,
supposing thpy had tfien bene delivered from a bloodic cniell
tyranny. But within few cijkyes after they knew it to their
cost, that they had ehaun^-a an olde master taken out of
the worlde, for a younger Unit came but newly to tlieni :
sucli extn-nme unnnturoll crui-lti<«, and murders did Mnriu*
the younger commit, after the death of bin father Marian,
murdering in manner all the chiefeat noble men of Kome.
At the first, they tooke him for a valliant and hardy young
man, whereupmn they named hira the sonne of Mars: but
sliortly after his deedes did shew the cwntrary, and then
they ealled hira the sonne of Venus, In the end he was
sl)ut in, and IiesiL'gcd by i^ylla in the city of I'erusia,
where he did what he could posidble to save his Ufc,
but all was in vaine : and lastly, seeing no way
to escape, the eity being tak«-n, he slewe him
si'lfc with bis owne bnndt-s.
TUE KND OF CMVa HAUUS UFK
THE LIFE OF LYSANDER
Lfmaitn
N tlH- treasoiie of the Acanthians, which is
in the temple of Aiiollo at Delphes, there
i:t tlii»iitMrripti»n: Bnu(idtLS,ana the Acan-
tbianH, with tlie spotle of the Athenians.
That imcripti<m maketJ) many men thinke,
that the unage nf stone tiiat standeth
witliin the chamber by the dore therof, is
the image of Bi-asidas : howbeit in trutli
it is the livelie image of Lysander him selfc, made with a
great bush of hcare, im<l a tbicko long beard after the old
aundent fiicion. And where some say &at the Argivca, after
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
they were oi-erconie and had lost a great battel), did all
of them shave them selves in token and sjgne of common
sorrow : and tliat the Lacediemonians on thothcr side to
shewe the joy of their victor)-, did all let their hcares growe,
that is not true. No more then this is true which other do
rqmrte of the Bocchiades: who being flvd from Corinthe
unto Laccda'mon, the Lac-txla-mtmians foundc them so ill
favoredly disguised aiid dcforait-d, bicaitsc- their hcnds were
aU ahavcii, that thereu])oii Uiey had a desire to let thnr
heare and bvardM grnw. For that wiu one <if the orditiaitnees
of Lycurg\is, who sayd that the long bushe of heare, maketh
tfaem that are natumlly fayer, the |)Iea.*aunter to looke iip|K>n:
and those that are ill favored, more »ugly and fearefull to see
to. And furthermore, it i^ sayd that Aristoditus, the father
of Lysander, was not of tlie royall blood of the kingeti of
Sparta, though he came of the race of the Heraelides: and
that his Sonne Lysander was very meanely and poorely
brought up, being as obedient to the lawcs and statute
of his contrie, as any other man was, showing him selfe
olwayes very strong and constant against all vonitic and
picastm;, saving only in matters of honor and curtesie, which
they oifcr unto thow that deserve well. For they thinke it
DO sbume nor dishonesty in Sparta, that the young men doc
suffier tfaciD selves to be overcome with that delite and plea-
sure: but doc so bring up their children, that from their
youth they woidd have them to have some ta-tt and feeling
of honor, deliting to be praised, and sorie to Ix- di»cam-
mended. For they make no accoinpt of him that is not
moved with the one nor the other, nut take him to be of
a base cowardly nature, that hath no manner of mtndc to
doe good. Ana therefore it is to be thought, that the ambi-
tion and stowtnesse that was bred in Lysander, proceeded
of the Laconicall discipline and education he had, and not
so much of his owne nature. But in dcde of his owne nature
he wax a nght courtier, and could tell how to eiitertainc and
flatter great states and nobility, farrc better then the common
moncr of the natural Sfiartims : and moreover for his private
bcndit, he could easily bcare with the stowtiie« of grc^iter
men of authority then him sclfe, which »ome jiulge to Ih- h
3:FF Sm
LYSANDER
Lycurnu* the
author (if
wMritig lougtt
lieara.
The eommo-
ditie of WMT-
inn I«njfo
hearts
LyKKiiden
kiiired.
The eduen-
tioii of tho
Lmriitiinn
cbildroD.
LyHuidoni
niiuiii«r».
LVSANDEB
WLm men be
evM melui-
eholy«.
L7«iinder ■
dfMpiMr of
richw.
irorda of
DionvduB
llbcralitie.
Lvnuder
admlnll for
tli« Ittotdm-
munluu by
■M.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
great poynt of wisedome, to know bow to deal« in matters
of state. Aristotle in a place where he sayeth. that the
snratest wittes commonly are subject unto mciancholyc, (as
bocratcs, Plato, and Horcitl*^ wcrp) wrytcth, that Lj-windtT
in hilt Inter (Lgr fell into thv mt'lruicholy disivuc, but not in
hiH youth. He hod also thin Ninguhir gift above idl ottwr,
that in his poverty he alwaycn kept that honest tnodnty
with him, as ne would never be overcome nor corrupted with
gold nor silver: and yet be filled his contrie with riches and
covetousnes, which lost him tlie reputa<:ion he had wonne,
bicauae him BcUe nwidc none aecompt of riches nor getting.
For bringing store of golde and silver into his contrie after
he had overcomen the Athenians, lie reserved not unto him
sclfe one Drachma only. And furthermore, when Dionysius
the tynui of Synicu«a, had on a time sent goodlv richc
gownes out of Sidiia to his daughters: he ivfu»r<i thi-m,
saying, that he was nfrayed such guwi>c« wmtld mnkc them
fowler. NcverUitrlesse, wtortly afti-r being sent AmlMiKsndor
out of his contrie unl« tlie same tvnmne, Uionysiuwj'ending
him two gownes, praying him to choose which of the two he
would cary to his daughter: be answi^ed, that she ber selfe
could best choose which was tlie titter, and so caned both
with him. But now to come to his doings in warlike causes :
the warres of Peloponnesus fell out marvelous long. For
after the overthrow of the armie which the Athenians bad
sent into Sicilia, when every man thought they had utterly
lost all their force by sea, and that by all conjecture they
■houlde Noonc after loose all by laudv also: Aldbiades re-
turning from his exile to dmle againc in matters of the stale,
made an exeeding great chaimge an<l alteration. For bo set
tlie Athenians a ftote agoine, and made Uiein aa strong by
sea as the Laoedaeinonian.i : who Uicrcitpon beganrie to tjuake
for feare, and to looke eflsoones for a fr&he warre, porceir-
inge that they stoode in ueede of a greater power, and of a
better Captatnc then ever they had before. Wbercuppon
they made Lywuider their Admirall, who arriring in the eitie
of tpbesiiB, fottndc thera very well affected towardes him,
and man-clous willing nn<I ready to take tlic Luceda>moniails
p«rte: howbcit utbcrwiae in very poon.' state, and ready
sue
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
atmoat to tiUce up all the b«irlMTxnis nuu»mi and facions of LY9ANDE
the Pcniaiix, biouuM.' they did contirtiuilly friiiu<-iit thcin, being
aivironmd rouixl Alx>ut with thi- coiitry of I.jdiji, nfu-ix- the
king of Peraiaes CaptnitK^K wen- i-vtr reHkleiit. Wtwmfopc, LfHoder
having planted his cauipe then-, iw brouf;ht thith«r mar- enlarfi:«th
chauntes shippes out of all partcfl, aud aeLto up an artenail v**!.
or store house to builde gallies in : so tltat in shorte space,
hy oft Kcoune of marchauntcs that bc^^ne to trade thitlter,
he quickened their havenj, and set up their ataple againe for
tranicke of niarchaundijM^, and fitled every private artilioen
bouse mth an honest trade to make them richv by, so that
BTcr after it grewc in Gonttnuall hope to come unto that
florisbinge state and grcatnes, in the which wc scv it at this
prvKi-nt. Furthermore, Lysander being odvvrtuied that Cyrus,
one of the great king of Fersin«« sonnea, was come unto
thv dty of Sanlis, he went thither to 'H)cnke with him, and SuJi* « cftt
to eompUihc of TisaphenR-* : who hnvinj^ c<>tiiui'iumI<-uioitt '" M™*.
geveti him from tliv king to aide tltv I^uccdit-moniruiN, and
to helpc to cxpulsc the Athe»iuii», and to driw tlton from
tbe sea, ttecmed to deale but coldly ami faintly agatiiMt th«Ri,
for the favor he l>are to Aldbiadcs. For, fumiiihing the
Lacjdannonians very scantly with nioncj', was an occaaioit
that all their arinie by »ea went to wrackc. Cyrus for his
owne parte was very glad that he heard complaintcs of
"nsHphcmes, and that tliey spake against him ; bicause he
was an ill roan, and the rather for that be had him svlfv
a litle odde grudge to him. Wberforc he loved Lysandvr
marvelous wcD, as well for the complainttv 1m' made of Tisa-
E hemes, as also for the pleiinure be looke in hi» compnnic^
icause he was a man that could wi>n<liTfully pUtiM; an<i
(l#lit« noble HHii : by whi<;h invaiien having wonne the favor
of thi« young Prince, he tlid ]»r«wmle, and also ineorage him
to follow Uiix waire. And when L^'^ander was upon his
departure to take his leave of him, Cyrus feasted him, and
afterwanles prayed him not to refuse the offer of his liber-
alitie, and tnat was : that be would freely oske bini what
he would, a<Huring him he should not be denied any thing,
Wlieriinto Lysander answered hiui : Sithence I see (Cynis)
you arc so willing to plcnsurc us, I bewevlu.' you, ajiJ doe
n.
LYSANDEli
Ly Minder
ti>ol(i! money
fur u&yeodiid
s(iuIiU«r«.
LywitiUerit
victorio cif
the AtheuUus
by BetL
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
also counsel] you then to increase the ortiinaric pay of our
inarynera, one halfe iieuny a day; to the end tnat where
now they have but tJirce halfe pence, they may thenceforth
receave two pence a day. Cyrus was gtad to hcare Lrsandeni
bounty, and the increase that he would make, ana caused
tennc thowsandc Darickes to be delivered him; by meane
whereof he (tddcd to the ordinary pay of the marynen, the
increase of a hulfv penny a day. This libernJity, witliin few
daycs after, emptied all their enemies galHes of t>>eir men.
For, Uie most parte of their mjiryncrs and galley men went
when' tlity might have the best l>ay : and n>Kh as remained
bi-liiiide, became very dull, Insio, and !*editii>us, dayty troub-
ling their (^ptaines and govemoni. Now tiiough Lysander
had drawen his enemies men from them by this polide, and
had done this great hurte, yet he durst not fight it out by
sea, fearing the worthines of Alcibiades : who was a valliant
man, and had greater store of nhippea then he had, and
besides that, was never overcome by lande nor by sea, in
any battell where he was Generall. So it chaunced, that
Au'ibitulei; went out of the He of Samos, imto the dty of
I'hocca, which staiidcth upon firmc landc directly over against
Siunos, and lea%-ing the whole eharge of his flectc in his
aliMnce, with Antiochus his pylot: he being more bardie
then wise, in »comc and dension of Lysander, went with
two gallies only into the haven of E}>Ik^»us, and went by the
arsenall (where all Uu-ir >Jiippi« lay in docke) with great
Qoyse and laughing. This jmt Lysander in sueh a heate and
chafe, that first of all he put a fewe gallies to tlie sea, and
had him in chase with tliem. But anerwardes, perceiving
that the other Captaines of the Athenians came out one
after an other to the rescue, he anned other gallies also : so
that supplying stitl with a few on either side, at the length
they eainv to a mainc battcll, which Lysander wanne, and
having taken fifteenc of their gallies, he set up a token of
triumphe and victory. When the people at Athens heard the
newes of tliis overthrow, they were so augric with Ali-ibinde*.
that they discharged him proiently of his charge : and Uje
souldiers also Uiat lay in cam[>e in the He of SanioH, iM^^ne
to mislike him, and to Mwakc ill of him. Whereup[>on he
2!e8
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
preaentljr left hJs campo, and went into the contrie of Ch«r-
roncsus in Thnwia. 'ITiis battell was more ti|>okcn of then
thi^re wa.1 cAuse, by reason of Alcibiodes rcpiitAcinn. Further-
more, I.^Aander causingc the stowtest and lioldMt men of
every city, above tlie common sorte, to oomc to E])bctiu3
unto him : layed there secret foundadonit of ereat diauiige
and alteracion, which he stablished aftcrwanks in the govern-
tnentes of cities. For he penwaded his private frendes to
make tribca amongest them selves to winne them frendes,
and to pmctise to gettc the nilc of their cities into their
h&ndcs: promising them, that so soonc rs the AthenianB
were ovcrthrowen, they them selves also should bo delivered
from subjection of tlieir people^ and every one of them
should bearc chiefc ride in their oontry. And this he per-
formed to them all, and nmdu every one of them prove his
wonleji true. For be nn-ferrvd all them that hiul bene his
oldo frcndes, unto the iK^t oftic«« and cliargt-s : not niiaring
to doe acninst all right and n-anon, so that they were tul-
vaunccd by it. And thus by this mean&s every man came
to take his part, and they all sought and deKirea to gratifie
and please nim : hoping, that what great matter M>ever fell
out, they assured themselves in maner that they should ob-
taine it of hin>, when he came to have the government in
his ownc hands. And therefore they nothing rejoyocd at
Callicratidas comming, who came to suoceede him in the
office of the Admirall : neither afterwards also, when they
saw by experience that he was as honest and just a man as
ooulde be. Neither did they like his manner of governingc
which was plaine, imil without any arte or cunning. But
they commended the |)erfwtioH of his vertue, as they would
have done the image of .toifte demy god m»<Ie ofh-r the oldc
fucioii, which had bene of singular lieawty. But in the
mcAite time, they wislied for Ly^ander, as well for the
tender love and good will he hare to his freiids and
them, as also for the profit and commodity they got by
him. So when Lvs&nder tookc the seas to rctume home
againc, all they that were in the campe, were as sory
08 could be possible, insomuch as the tcarcs stoode in
their eyes : and he on thothcr side, studied to make them
as9
LYSANDEB
ChMTUIienUll
> cuiitrye iu
Thracis.
ruIlicraUdus
Lyukiident
iiicccMor in
hU office of
admyraltle.
PlnynenM
r.nmmntided
for a vertue,
hut liked lu
&II olde ims^
of m kmI that
lisd bene ex-
cellent faier.
lysander:
The ipiKhte
of Luimiler to
Cullicnttjila*.
NoOllw
estemM
with the
BBrbnrinnH
but money.
Callicnitidaa
jwcieoce.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
worse alTccted unto Caillicmtitliu. For amonge^t man/ othvr
tiijiigCH, )m- seiit the r«st of the moitey backc a^ne to
Snnlis, which Cvrux haJ gcvcn him to pay Ihtr iiiarjiwn:
saving, that CallicratidAS should eo him selfe to a^Jte tt,
if lie would have it, and finde the meanes to ttitirrlAitie
his men. And lastly, when be was ready to imbarke, be
Srotested before all them that were present, that be did
diver, leave, and asaigne over the sarmie into hb bandcs,
commaimding all the sea. But CoJIicratidas, lo overcome
his finlae ambicion, and fowlc botutitiK lye ounswcrvd him
agaiiie, and saicd : If thitt Ik- true thon* saicst. comL- then
imd deliver mc thu ((nllics in the city of Milvtum, as thou
govst by, before thv lie «f Suaioa : for sith thou commaund-
vni all the »c&, we shall not iic«dv to feare our enemies that
are in Somos. L>-miid«r thereto replied, that the armic
was no more at his commaundement, and that he had tbc
charge over them : and ao departed thence, taking hin coune
direc-tly unto Pelonoimesus, and left Callicratidas in great
j>erj)lexity. For ne had brousfat no money out of hia
contrie with him, neither would he ooropell tbe dties to
fumishe him with any, sccingc that thcv were at that time
too much troubled already. Tlicn hod he no other way
but to goc to the Lieutt-naitnteH of the king of Persia, to
aske tliem money as Lymniler had <loi)i-. tiut he was tbe
tmmeetcst tiinti for it tlitxt could Ik poiwiblv: for he was of
a noble and libemll nature, and thought it K-wte dishcmor
and reproache unto the Greeciajis, to be overconie bv other
GrtHicians, then to goc Hatter the barbarous jx^ople, and
Hfeke to tliem that had gold and silver enough, but other-
wiiie, no goodnes nor honesty. In the end notwithstandiof*,
making vertuc of necessity, he tooke his jomey towards
Lydia, and went directly to Cyna courtc: where at his
first comming he willed them to let him understand, that
Callicratidas ttie Admirnll of the Laoedicmonians would
speoko with him. One of the souldiets that warded at the
gat«, told him : My freiide, syr strauntwr, Cyrus is not at
leusure iiowe, for he iK net at dinner. CAJIienitidat aiinswered
him ulaini^iy ogaine : -No force, I will tar)' here till ta- have
dined. The Jmrbarous Persians hearing this, tooke him
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
for Home plune lowte, and so bp went his waye the first LYSAN'DER
ttme with a mocke at their handcs. But the second time
when th«y would not let him come in at the gate, he fell
in a rage, aod retomed bncke (as hv camt-) to the citie of
£phcsus, cursing and banning thetn that at ttw tiivt had ko
much imbnscd them si-lvtw, ils to goc »uc to the harhnrous
people, teaching thein to be prowde and stately for their
gooded and riclii^ : swearing before them all that were
prt-nent, that s[> soone as he came to Sparta a^ine, he
would due all that he could possible to pacihe the (ii-eecians,
and wet tlieni at peace one with an other, to the end they
might be fearefiilt to the barbarous people, and also that
they shoidd mcdle with them no more, nor necde their
aide to destroy one an otlwr. But Callienitidas baring
the noble bartc of u Spartan, and being to be c»m|iarKl
in justice, valliiincy, and gn-atiiw of corage, with the Dio«t
exwllcntest Greeciaiw in hit* time, dyed iOiortiy after in a The Hwth of
battel) by sea, which he lost iip]H)n tln^ lies Ai;gimi-''i.'«. C»llicr»tid««,
Wherefore, the confederates of the [^aced^emoniann i>eeiiig
that their wtatc was in declining, they all together sent an
Ambaflsade unto Sparta, by whom they made request to the
counsell, that they would send Lysander againe for their
Adinirall, promising that they would do all things with
better corage and goodwill under his conduction, then they
would under any other Captainc they could sende Uiem.
So much did Cyrus also wrytc unto them. But bicause
there was an cxpri'sse law forbidding tJiat one man should bv
twise Admirall, and hesidefi, tliev being willing Ui graunt the
rc(iurat of their conftilcrats, made one Araciis their Admiroll,
hut in effect gave Ly-saiuler the whole authoritic of all thingCK.
Who was marvelous wt-lcome unto them, and specially unto
the lieatk's and rulers of cities, which l<nig hefon^ bad wi.ilted
fur hiH coiimiing : bicause tliat by his mc^nes they hoped to
make their autliority greater, and altogether to take away
the authority from the people. But they that loved plaine
dealing, and open magnanimitie in the manners of a jp>vemor
luid gi'nerall, wh*'n they came to compare I,ysajwer, with
CalHcmtidaJs; they foundc that Lvsondcr had a fine subtill
hi.«d, and did more in warrcs with his policy and subtiltie,
SSI
LYSAKDER
Lynnder
tnAr uid
dcMHfull.
A wIm Mvln^
oriftmder.
Th* wicked
dtamnbllng
and d«uUe
dCHlillKOf
Lytaiider re-
(ptrded no
Krjurie, fol-
*iiig i^e
example of
Polycntw
th« tynn
ofSftinos.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
then by any other mouics. And moruovvr, thnt he tvtctned
histicv, whc-n it fell out firofHtfthle : luiii toolce profit, for
luKticv Ami hoi)i»tie, not thinking ttmt plaine dmliDj; was of
better force then cnUle, but ntttfLiuring the value of the tone
and ttiother, by Uie profit that came out of tlieni, and mock-
inge of them that sayed that the race of Hercules should not
make warres with craft and Hubtilty. For eayd he, when
the lyons skin will not serve, we must help it with the ease
of a foxv. And hereunto agreeth that, which they wrytc he
did in the citic of Mitetum. For hia frcndcs and (amihars to
whotDc he had promised aide for destruction of the_peoi>kii
authority, and to drive their enemies out of the city : they
having chitun^'d thdr mindes, "^^ being reconciled unto
tlicir ndvofKanca, he openly mode grrut nhowe of gUdnis,
luid iKi-tned h» though he would heipe to ngn^c them leather :
but M.'eretly being alone, he tooke tlieni iiji Ahiu^ily, and told
tliem that they were cowards to doe it, and did procure them
to the contrane, to -let apon the people. And then when he
understoode that tiiere was commocion among them in the
citie, he ranne thither sodainly as it were to appease it.
But when he waa also comen into the citie, the first he met
with of them that would alter the state of government, and
take the authority from the people: he fell out withnll, and
gave tiicm rough worde«, commaunding with extrcainitic
that they should follow him, as though he woidd have done
some great punishment. An<l againe, meeting witli them on
the contrary parte, he willed them also that tney should not
be afrnyeti, nor dout that any roan should doe them hurtc
where he was. Thi.i waw a wicked and miUiciouA jiracliM^ of
him, to .ttay the chiefitit of them that were roost affected to
tlie popular faction, to the ende that afterwardes he might
[>ut them all to death, aa he did. For_they that trusting to
i\n words remained quiet in the dty were all put to death.
Moreover, Androclida^ touching this matter, bath left in
wryting that which Lysander was wont to say : bv the which
it appearc th, that he mode very litie reckeiiing to be perjured.
For he sayd, that children shoidd l)e deceived with the play
of kuylcs, and men with othcs of men, following therein
I'olycrabcs, the tyran of Somos, but without n-ason ; for he
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
was a lawfiill Capteinc, aod the other a violent usurper of LYSjINDBK
tyrannical! power. Furthi-rmore, it was not done like a true
]!,Eu:oninn, to WhavL- hiiu sclfc towardi^ the goddcH none
otherwise, tlieii towardes mvii, but rather woree, and more
injuriously. For hi- that deck'ivx-tli his enemy, and breaketh
his othe to him: sheweth plainly ttiat he fcareth him, but
tlut he caKth not for God. Cyrus therefore having sent for CVma
Lysander U> come t*) Sardis to him, gave hiin money hirRely, libwditi*
and )iroii)imHl him more : and bicaunt- he would more honor- *** i-r**'"^*'*
ably >heH'e the good will he had to gratifie him, tolde him,
that if tlie kinge his fatlier would geve him nothing, yet )»e
would geve him of hia owiie. And furthermore, when all
other meanes fayled to hclpc him with monev, that rather
then he should lacke he would melt his owne cnayer to make
money of (which he sate in when he gave audience in matter
of justice) being altogether of gold and silver. And to be
shorte, when he was going into IVIcdia to the king his father,
he gave Lysander power to rt.-(vivu the taxc« lUid ordinary
tributirs of the cities under his govennnent, and made him
I^eiiti-naimt of all his contry. And lastly, bidding him fim>
well, prnied him that he woulde not geve battell by sen unto
tlie Atlienian.-i, untill he n^tumed from the courte: and tiiat
lx;ft>re his eomming againe he iioiilde have authontie to
leavie a gieate nomoer of shippes, aswell out of Ph^enida, as
out of Cilicia. Wherefore wbilest CyniB was in his joniey,
Lysander not being able to light witn his enemies with liKe Ljrunden
nomber of sitippes, nor also to lye still and doc nothing with "«'*" '>y *«■-
eo good a numt)er of gnllyes, went and scowred the seas,
where he tooke certaine Handed, and robbeil also .£gina and
Salamina. From thence he went and landed on the firme
lande in the cmitrye of AtticA, and di<i his thitie there unto
Agis king of Liurrdninonin, who came purjxM-ly from the
forte of iX-ccieii to the sen side to see iiini, bicituse their
armye by lande also shoulde see what power they had by
•ea, and nowe it ruled more hy sea then they woulde. Never-
theles, Ix-iii^j advertised that the fieete of the Athetiiaii*
followed harde after him, he tooke an other course to flye
backe agoine into Asia by tlie lies : and retiiminge againe,
fnunde all the contrv of Hellespont without men of wane.
3 : GG ' 883
PliiloclM
crntlMlrin
untoUM
AUittuant.
LyMitdcni
craft in
inariiMt (ight.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
SohcIaJcHj siege before the citieofLampsacua, and did assault
it with hia gailica by sea : and Thorax being come thither
also at the selfe same time in great hast wit£ his armie hy
land, gave tha&<ault on his side. Thus was the citii' token
by force, which Lysandcr left to the spoilc of the soaldicm.
Now in the mcone time the flcctc of the Athenians (whkfa
was a hundred and foure sourv taile) came to an unckcr before
the dtie of Eleunte, in the contrie of C)u.-rTonc»us : and
ncwiTs being brought^ thf-m Uiat Uie city "f LaninsBt-w wan
taken, Uic-y came witli all sjiede i>us$ib)e nnto tJie dtie of
SoftiM, where getting frefthe acatea and vittelieii, ttiey coasted
aJI alongcst the coaHt unto a certaine place called the goatea
river, directly over against the fleete of their enemies, whkh
lay yet at ancker bemre the citie of I^ampsacus. Now tliere
was a cajitajnc of the Athenians amongcst other called
Philoclcs, he that perswaded the Athenians to cut of the
prisoners thumbcs of their right handcs that were taken in
the wam-g, to thcnd they should no more handle the pyke,
but only seri'e to pull the owcr. Both the tone and the tother
rested that day, hoping to have battel without failc the next
morning. But Lysanm-r having an other meaning with him,
commniindeil the matKtrr; and mnrynvr* notnitlistHniiing,
that they nhniild Itave tlu-ir giiliiw rvfuly to gevt.- Imttell the
next inorningu by hn'vtko of dav> bicaiise every man should
iret a iKird lietimes, and should l<eei>e them selves in order of
ntittell, making no noise at all, attending what he would
cnnmiattnde them : and further, made the armie by lande
also to be ranged in battell ray, by the sea aide. 'Ijie next
morning at sunnc rising, the Athenians b^aiine to row with
all their gallics set in order of battcll in a fronte. But
Lysandcr, though he had his shippes in order to light, the
proiv lying towardes the enemies ticforc day, rowed not for
all tiiat against them, but sending out pynnasies unto the
first gallic*, commaundi-d them etraightly that they should
not stirre at all, hut keepe them solves in onler, making
no noyae, nor rowing again^^t the enemy. Though the
AtJicnians also were retyred in the night, ho would not
geve the souldiera leave to come to lande out of tlie gallics,
before he had sent first two or three gallics to dtwnc tlic
S84
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
fleete of his eiii-mie.t : who brought him won! th«t they h«d
■eene the AtheniaiiH take lAntlc. The next itioniine tiwy
did the like, the third day, and tite fourth aino idl m one
sorte: m tliat the Athenians I)eganiie to be- boUl of thi-in
selves, and to despise their eiiemieH, imagining tliey lay Lhux
close for feare of ttiein> and dunt not come forward. In tht
meane time, Alcibiades (who lay at that time in the contrie
of Cherroneaus, in certatne places which he had conquered)
came ryding to the cauipc of the Athenians, to tell the
Cuptaincs and getierolls of the armje, the grt-at faultcs they
committed. First, for that they had caf>t anckcr, and kept
their shippcs in an open place, wlnTe tht-re waa no maner of
succor, nor liarWr U> retyre unto upon any stimiic : mid worst
of all, bicnuse that they were to fctche tlieir vitlills furri' of,
At the citiu of Sestoa, unto which haven they ithoiild rather
draw then selves unto, considering that they had but a litle
way to go, niul also that they should have Uie citie to l)acke
them, which would furnish tliem with all Ihinges neccssarie :
and beside tliat, they should be further of from tlieir enemies,
which were governed by one generall onely that did com-
maund them all, and were so well trained, that at a whistle
they were ready straight to execute his commaundenient
Alcibiades pcrswasions to these Captaines of the Athenians
were not only mislikcd, but furthermore there was one called
Tydeus, that answcrod him very lewdly : Hint he hod nothing
to doe to commaundv the nrmie, but other that had the
diarge of them. Aleibijidra mistrusting thereby some treason,
quietly went his way. The fift day, the Athenian.-* having
made the mme countenauncc to present battell unto their
enemies, and retyring tJie same night as of custome very
negligently, and ui ill onlcr, ux men that made no reckening
of their enemie.'i: Lysander !*ent againe certaine galliots to
discrie them, commaim<liiig the Captaines of the same, that
when they perceived the Atlienians nad left their gallics and
taken lande, they shoultl then rctume backe with all poissiblv
tipeedc they could, and being nud way over the straiglitcs,
tliat they Mioidd lift up a copper target into the ayre, apon
the top of a pyke in the foredeckc, for a signe to make all
the whole ficete to row in battcU. Now Lysnnder him selfe
335
LV8ANDBB
Aldbiaiira
fcave gttoA
lulviie lo the
CuptJtiiiCB <if
Ibn AUieu-
laus.
A copper
tiurgot lift nn,
the ngat of
battcU by soa.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LTSANDER in U)u tneune Um<? went in iHrnune fn>in galley to galWw
[>cntwiulitig nnd trxliorUiig every Captaiiie tliat tKey Hhould'
put tlieii' i^allioU, niaryners, an3 aouldiers in good readineu
to theiid tliat when the aigne sliouUl be tiKed up, they Hhouldl
rowc witii all their might in battell against the enemies.
Wherefore, so soone as the copper target vas set up in the
ajer, and that Lysandcr had made his trompet sound out
of the Admiral, ior a token to hale out into the wa : the
gallics immcdtatly bcpannc to row for life in envy one of
an other, and the foot^-niun tliat wen- apon the lunde, mnne
with spevdc also to the top[K- of a hi^h clifTe necre luito the
sea, to sctf wtiat would be the viKle of his ttf^it, biotuse the
distuunee from one side to the otlwr in tliat plaee was not
fully two niyl»<, which tliey had »onc cut over, and in a Htlv
spate, through tlio {jreat dili{;eiu« and force of rt>wing with
Cuoon, Ad- tlieir owers. So t'oiHjn tlie cliit-fe <^ptaiii« of the Atheniot
minllorthe m-rcciving from Uie nhure this great fletc coniniing with
Atbeniaiu. f^^l^ f^,,^ [^ assault then) : he then cried out to the souldia
that they iliould runne to their sliip|MS, and being in a ntge^
to sec thinges in this daunger, called some bv their names,
oU>era he inta-atcd, and the rest he compelled to take tlieir
gallies. Itut all his diligence was to no purpow, bicause tiie
souldiers wen? wholly R-jttl«Tcd here and there. For so soone
as they wcrv set a lunde out of their gallics at their rctume,
some went to buy )iruvisioD, other went a walking in the
fieldes, some were set at supper in their eubincs, and other
were laycd downc to slvepc, nothing mistrusting that which
bftppeni'd to tliem, through their C'aptiiiiies ignoruimce nnd
lacKc of exiwrieiioe. But when the onniiies wore rt-ady to
joyne and fall ujion them with gifut crii-s and noyse of owcre,
Conon having eight gsllies, stido tui^retiy out of Uie flccte.
LyMnilem
victftrj- of th
AthcaUai.
and flying unto £vagoras, itaved him aelfe in the lie of
Cijinis. In the mesne time, the I'eloponnesiana falling; apon
tlie other gallics, toobe some of them emptie, and brake the
others as uic souldiers beganne to come aborde apon them.
And as for the men, some were slaine by their shippea as
they ramie unto them like naked men without weapon, and
out of order, tliiiildng to have saved them selves : other were
killed Id flying, hicausc the enemies landed and bad them io
SS6
I'araloi, the
holy gnllcy of
Alhriis.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
those. And there were taken alive of tlicm, three thowsanct I.YSANDER
prisoners with the Captaint's, Lysander moreover tooke all
the whole fleete of their i^hippes, tlie holic galley excepted
called Paralos, and the eight that fled with Coiion : and after
he had destroyed all the campe of the Athenians, he fastened
the gallics that ncrv taken, unto the koclc of his gallies, and
returned with songes of triumphe, with the sound of Rules
and hoboyes, towards tlit- cltie of Lanipsacii», having wuniie
a great victory with litli' htbor, luul hiul cut of in a suiuU
time, the long continuing and most diverse worrc that ever
was, and hod brought forth so inany »ini<lrie straunge t^ventcK
of fortune, a.t art- uticredible. For there had Ix-ne infinite
bittti-lls fought both l>y mm and Unde, and had nlti-red many
sundry times, and tltere wa.<i slaine at tlint time moe Cap-
taim-^ than in all tlie other warres of (ireece together: all
whicli wei<e at the length brought to ende and actermined,
hy the good wi»cdume and conduction of one onely man.
And therefore some thought, that thts great overthrowe was
geven by the gods, and sayd : that at the departure of
Lysanders fleete out of the tiaven of Lan]]isacus, to goe set
apon the fleete of the enemies, tliev perteaved over I^sanders
ndlcy the two fin^s which thiv eall the starres of Castor and
Pollux : the one on the tone side of the gnlley, and the other
on thother side. They say also, that tlie fall of the stone
11if Ktnrrw
(if ('Httor, nad
i'olliix.
was a token, that did .signifie this great ovcrtlirow. For A (tone fell
"■" "■ out nf the
clemeut*.
(minion of
the ftAttva.
about that tini«, (as many hohl opinion) then.! fell out of the
aver u nmr>-eloii!> great «tone, in tm- place they call the g<>at«!i
river, which titoiie is seem- yet unto thi--* day, holden in gn-«t J^to» "■
revercnct: by tlie inhabitauntes of the citit- of ('herriinestis.
It is Mivd also that Anaxagoras did prognosticate', tluit one
of the Dodies tyed unto the vaulte ot the heaven, should be
pluckt away, and should fall to the ground by a alyding and
shaking that should hapiM'n. For he sayd, that the stanrea
were not in their proper place where they were first created,
considering that they were heavy Iwdics, and of the nature
of stone: howebeit tlmt they did shine by reflection of the
fire elemcntorj', and had Iwne drawwi up thither by force,
where they were kept by the gn-at violence of the circuler
motion of the ekineiit, evvti ta at the begiimiog of the world
237
LYSANDER
What failmg
BtsiTCa be.
Damachun
tMUmonie at
the fSory eton«
neent ici tli«
clement
All otJhw
oplniuii of
that fell
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
tbcy bad bene stayed and let from falling downe beneath,
at Uiat time when the separation was made of the coMc and
heavy bodies, from the other substauiice of the tinivenuiL
world. Then; is an otltcr opinion of certaine Philosopliers,
where thiCTv iis more likelvhoodc then in that For they say,
that those which we call falling stanx-s, be no fluxions nor
derivncions of the fire cicmentorie, which are put out in the
ay«r, in a miuiiicr so soouu an they be lighted : nor aho an
inflanmiatioii or coiiibu»ti(pii of niiy [mrtc of the »yer, which
by her to «vt.-rntu<;h quantity dotli s})n.'ad upwardet: but
they are celettiall btHlii.'s, wliicii by Komu -slitekiiuTt of stnoigth,
or falling from the ordinary course of heaven, are tlirowen
and caftt downe here heneaUi, not ulwayett in any parte of
the earth iiilmbitcd, but more ofter abroadc ij) the great
Occcan sea, which is the cau&e tJiat we do not see ttiem.
Notwithstanding, Aiiaxagoras words are confirmed by
Dnmachiis, who writeti) in his booke of religion, that the
space of three score and fifleenc yeares together, before that
this stone did fall, they saw a great lumpc of fier continually
in the ayer like a clowde inflamed, the which toricd not in
any one place, but went and came with diverse bmkiii
removing^, by tlw driving whereof there cume out lightnings
of fire that fell in many pIiMxw. and gave Iiglit in fnlling, a*
the starres do Uiat fall. In the enil, «hn» Uiis grcjtl Iwtly
of (ire fell in tliat parte of the earth, tlie tnhabitiuit^ of the
contrie, after that they weiv a litle lioldened from their
feare and wonder, came to the place to 8ee what it was :
and they found no manner of shew or npparautice of fire,
but only a very great stone Iving upon the ground, but
DoUiing in comparison of the least parte of that whicli the
oompaiMe of this hodie of fire did shew, if we may so name it-
Sure herein, Damachus wordcs had neede of favorable bearers.
But againe if they be true, then he utterly confuteth their
argumentes, that maintainc that it was a peece of a rockc,
whicli the force of a boystcrous windc did teare from the
toppe of a mountAine, luid uiried in the uyer, so long as thi»
hurle winde continued : but so sooiie as that waa downe, and
calme againe, the stone fell inimi-diAtly. Neither doe wo say
that this lightoiug bodie, which apiKored so many daycs in the
23a
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
clement, WM very lire in decdv, which comiiiing to diwolve LV8AK0BR
and to Ix- out out, did beget tlii.t vioUtit stormo und boynterou*
wind in tlie element, tliat hml tJie force to tenre tJu- dtone
in lunder, and to ca*t it dou-ne, Ne\'ertliele«, this matter
requireth better discourse in Home other booke then this.
But now to our story. When the tJiree thowHuid Atheniarm
that were taken prisoners at that overtlirow, were condemned
by the coumtell to be put to death : Ly^sander calling
Pnilocles, one of the Captaines of the Atlienians, asked him
what painc ho would judee him worthy of, that ^ve the
citizens so cnicti ancl wicked couiisclf. Philoclcs beine riiilnclet
nothing abn&hcd to see hini seife in that miscrie, aunswered w'o'rt'iicy,
him : Accuse not them that have no judge to heart- their J^jAtllan-
causc: but since the go<idc« have gcvcn thee grace to he j^^
conqueror, dw with u.t, aa we wouUl Yiiivc done with thee, if
we had overcome thee. \Vhen he hat! sayd so, h<.' wnit to
wa»he him lelfe, and Uten put on a fayer cloke upon liini, an
if he should have gone to some feast: and went luxtely the for-
metit man to execution, leading his contrio men tlie way, as
Tlieophrastus wryteth. After thia done, Lysaiider witii all
his fleete went by all the cities of the sea coast, where he
commaunded so many Athenians as he founde, that they
should get them to Athtns, letting them understand that he
would not pardone a man of them, but put them all to death
a^ many wi he found out of their city. ^Vnd this he did of
policie to bring them all within the precinct of the walles of
Athens, bieauKV he might so much the sooner famish them
for luckv of vittf Hit : for otherwise they would have troubled
him sore, if they hod hail wherewithall to have maintaj-ncd
a long siege. But in all the cities «» he piLvw-d by, if they
were governed by tlie authority <)f tlie people, or if that there
were any other kindc of government, he left in every omr of
thero a Xjicedsnionian Captaine or governor, with a coiinscll
of tenne officers, of them tJiat had bene before in league and
amity with him : the which he did as well in the dtiea
that had ever bene confederates and frendes unto the
IvUTcda-muniaiis, as in them that not long before had bene
their enemies. So he went sayling all alongest the coastes,
fayer and softely nudcing no haste, stabliuting in manner
929
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LYSANDEIt a gv&vmll pnnci)Mlitv over all
Uii-in ofRovrs tliut were ttiv richest, the nobUvt, or
cruelty.
Tbeopompui
tlie CumiooU
PutiU uayiiiKe
of the lice-
die mouiaut.
Grrecc. For ho did Dot
iiuikf
liuiwittetl me-ii, btit Huvti fu w«re hut fmtdvv, out of th<Me
tiibet which lie luul pliicLtl in everv dtiv : nntl to tliem he
gave nutlionty to piiiii>h, aikI rew&ni audi as thvy liked of,
and would lie pre.ient him K'lfe iu pentone Ut heipe them to
put tlioNe to deatli, whoine they would execute, or otherwise
expulae or banish their contrie. But this gave the Greeeiajnt
small hope of good or gratfous government under the
rule of tne Lacedjfmoiiiaus. Wherefore, me thinkes that
Thcopompus the eoiuicall Poet doted, when he compared
the Laced armoni an s, unto taverncrs wines, saying : that they
luid gcvcii the Grvccians ii tast of the swcete drinkc of
tibertic, and tiiut ailerwimlts they had oiinglcd it with
viae^r. For, the ta«t th«!y gave the Greeci«n> of their
government fnmi the l>eginning, was very sharpc unto them:
bieauM' I.ywuider totike the ruleatid aittliority ofguvernmciit
out of the peoples handen, and euve it unto a (ewe of the
boldest, and iiknt aeditioun men in every citie, ThuH having
ttpent a great time in thin voya^, to make these alteratiuius :
lie sent newes before to Laceoarmon, that he wait comming
with two hundred sailc. He spake also with the kinges Agis
and Paiisania§, in the contry of Attica, [Krenading him seTfe
that he should winnc the nty of Athens at the first assault
Diit wlien he saw his expectation failed, and that tJiej
Athenians did valliaiitly r«si.'st him : he rctunicd once againe
with his fleete into ^Ysia, where he unidc an end of ehaunging
and altering tlic niancr of government through every city in
equall niancr, stablJNhing n counsel! (if teiim^ officers imly
in cvoiy one of them, and putting every when- many citizens
to death, and biuiixhiug many aUo. Aniong olhew, he dnivc
all the SaiiiiajiK out of their cotitry, and restoixil againe nil
them llial had Ix'ne iMiiUKlii^d befure : and the city of Sestos
also, being yet in the Athenians handes, he toobc it from
them. And fnrthermoi-e, he would not aufler the naturall
Sestians to dwell there, but dravc them away, and gave tht-ir
citie, their bouses, and landcs, unto shippe raaisters, officers
of gallies, and galley slaves, that had bene in the "arrea with
him. But therein the Lacedaemonians were again&t him, and
240
The Aihen.
iaiiii feelile
up Alh^us to
LystDiler.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
this wajt th« lintt thing that th«v did f<n-bid him : for ihty LYSANDER
restored the St'sliaiiH, iigwiist his will, unto their liuicic^i
ajiil goodes u^nc. Kut n.s tho tin-ei-ian^ wurc very miKh
offended, to see the partis Lysiuider pUyed : so were they /ill
vay slad sgaine, to see titi'^e othen which he nflerwaides
did. For he restored the jGginetes agitine to their laiides
aiid liouses, who had bene put ffwni them a long time. He
n-storcd also the MeUaus, and the Scioneeians to their landea
agaiue, which the Athenians had gotten from thi-ni, and
dniTe out tbe Atbetuaas. Furthermore, Lystndcr being
adverti;<ed, tliat the citizens and inhabitantcs of Athi-ns were
pinched sore for lackc of vittclls, he retuntvd ugninc, und
came into the hnvcn of Pira-u : by mcnncs whvrraf he kept
the citif so .ttniight, tliut he iiwidc them ywlde iip|Kin s-ui-b
condicions as he him »elfe would. Howbi-it then- art- ct-rtaiiie
l^oediemoiitanN that say, l.ysaiider wroti; unto tlx^ Kphnrea :
The city of Atht-nK 1.1 take-n. And that the P^jihori wrote
againe unto him: It is well that it itt taken. But this ia
but a tale devised to inake the matter seeme better: for in
deede the capitulacions which the Ephori sent unto him, were
these. ITie I^ordes of the coiuisell o( I..aeediemon have thiw
decreed : that ye doc rase the fortification of the haven of
Fines. That ye do overtlirow also the long wall that joyncth
the haven to the citie. That yc yeelde up and ivdcliver
all the citic* which yc doc holde, and content your selves
with your lives and contiy only. This doing, ye shall have
pence, so that vc perfornie our demntindoK. That ye Ahall
receive those w'tiicn are banished : *ind for the number of
shippcs, ye shall ditpose «f them iw we .slmll will yon. The
Atnenians agreed unto the articles i-ontained in that bill,
following tJie catm!H.-il of ThernmeneH, the soniie of Agiion.
Who when a young orator called Cleomenes, did opeiUy askc
him in ang<-r, if ne were ao Iwld to dare to doe, or say,
any thing contrary unto that, which Themistocles had done
b^are time, to assent unto tiie Laeedwmonians, that the
walle which he built in despite of them, should by their
coromaundement now be rased : he aunswcred him openly
againe. Young roan, my (Vend, I doe nothing contrary tii
Themistocles doinges. For like as he heretofore did t>uild
ti-.HH Ml
The miuicraf
Eencoolferod
dmnoniani
to thi! Athea-
LVSANDER
A nnUbte
MyinK for Ui«
wnllt of dtier.
ErUnthu*
cm ell ndviiie
Bg&iusl the
AtheulADg.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
tlii^ walle, for the sftfcty &nd benefit of all the citizens nnd
people that were in Athene at that time : even so doc nc that
an- iicre none, for the selfc Hamc cause plucke It dowtie and
nuK! it. And if it be true that waJkrs doe make dtii-K hapm,
then it munt iie«'<le* follow that the city of Sparta wnidi
never had tuiy walle*, should be tlw unfortiinatest of all
other. So Ly.tonder having r£oeiv<^ all the Athenians
nhippes but twelve, and t)ic walleit of the city ntto to use
tiiem at his pleasure: on the sixteenth day of Mtirch (on
which day in olde time the Athenians had wonnc the battell
by sea, within the straight of Salaniina, against the king of
Persia) he counaeUcd them straig;ht to chaunge the fonnc
of their government. The people could not brooke tluit
motion, and were ninrvelouMy offended withall. Wherc-
uppon LysandvT sent to deelnre unto them, Umt they bad
broken the arliclw of the peace made betwene them, for that
their v-alles were vet standing, the twine dayes Iwing expired
in which they hao promised to overthrowe them : and tJiere*
fore tiiAt he would once againe referre it to the detennination
of tlie counaell, howe they should be used, that had broken
tlie articles and covenaunts of the Jirst peace, Otiier say,
that immediatly he referred it tmto the deliberaeion of the
council of their confcderatoK, that is to say : whether they
should altogether destroy the city, and make the inhabitaiites
thereof, slaves, and bondmen or no. In this counscU, it is
reported that there was a Tlieban called Eriiuithus, whose
opinion was, that tJu-y should utterly rase the city, and
make the contry a de»crt: so that it should never al>er
•er\'e for other thing, but for pasturage uf )>ea)iteii. But
during this dyet ana comisell, there wai< a banket made,
whereunto all the Captaines and chiefe officers of tlie army
being bidden, there was a Phodau, a singer of songes, that
sang the entrv of the Chorus to the tragedy of EUctra, niade
by the Poet f^uripides, which beganne in this sorte :
Blectrs noble Dsme, Rnd daughter to a Vina :
Even AganMtmitnn, kin^ of (irM>c«i, whose ramew wide did ring,
I «iHn* DAW to your courUs, which lyi? both vide and wast :
Byipojlcof WBrre«dc|M)pulitte, dnstroyod, oiul dwfcrML
These words moved all the hearera «rith coinivuaion, so
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
tliftt Uie most p«irt« of them tliouf;ht it nvri' too Rr«it u
siniie to rfestroy bo noble a city, which brought forth su
vaany &inouti wiiie men, and grvat )>enu}iM9i. Whtreforu
Ly.sander, when the AtJieniaiift luul Hubmitt*Hl them welven
altogether to his will, cau-ted all ttie women players of pipcii
or shalnies to come out of the dty, and jratliered all those
together which he had in hia owne campe aliM, aitd with the
soimd of their iitstrumcntH lie made the wallcs and fortifica-
tionti of the city of Athene to be pulled itowtic to the wry
ground, and sut all thvir gnllies on lire, and buntt them in
the prvaence of the confederates of tliv LaretUemontans, who
dauiiced and playod in the in«anc ^enson wiUi giirlondt* of
flowerH on thetr tuiuU-n, iti token tlmt that day wid n l)cf*in-
niiig of their full and ]>i.'rfect liberty. Immediativ after he
chauiiged alito the ittatt^ of tlie gownimeiit, efltabli-ilitng a
counsidl of thirty Ma^atratei in the city, and otlicr tenne
also in the haven of I'inea, havine all equaU and like
authority: and tlierewithall made Callibius a gentleman of
Sparta Captaine of the castell there, and left a good garrimn
of the LaocdiemoniftnH with him. This C'Alliuius one day
lift up his stalle he hnd in his hande to strike Autolycus
withall, a strong nuidc man to wrewtlc: whvn-uppon Xeno-
phon the Philosopher made U\» booke ia olde time, called
Convivium. But Autolycus that was a cunninj; wreitler,
liKving nil the Hlcight.-< of wrestling, ftodainly tripped Callibius
with his legge, and lifting him up at the amies ende, cast
him to the ground. Houlwit I.ysander was not angry with
Autolycus for it, but reproved Callibius, telling him that
he should have remeinbn?d (if he had bene wise) that he
had the government over fnic men, and not of bonde men.
NotwithSanding, shortly aftxr the thirty govemon of Uie
city, to satisfic CallibiUis )>ut this Autolycus to death.
Wnen Lysiuidor had done idl these things, he tooke sea
ngninc, niid went into the contrv of Thnu-ia, and sent by
Ciylippiis liefore tinto S[Mirta (who had l>one Captaine and
gcnernlt iif Die Syracuaans in Sidlia) all the golde and silver
that was \ct\ in his handed, with all the preaentes besides
wliich had bene privately geven him, and with the crowncs
also that had bene presented him : which were inarvelou« in
243
LYSANDER
The •we«le
muricke
softtrned their
cru«U Iie>rt8,
HI 111 mov^il
them to pity.
hyaanAvi
nvcrthrcvr
the »«Ue> uf
the d^ of
Atkeat.
CftlliMiNOq)-
Uin* of tli«
C'MtUll of
AthMW.
Autolycus
a cunnloge
wrestler.
Autolj'cuR
put tw death.
Lyiumdor
Ecnt moniT
to Sparta by
Uy lippiu.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
"TffBiWrrn numlH-r lu it is to Ik thou^it, for that miuiv came to prvwnt
him, consKic'rinj^ th»^ gn-jit [>i>wer he hiwl, luid tluit in mitiier
he wds cliiffo itiut Mole [iriiwre uf nil Graw. Thi* G)'lippu*
GyllppuB did rtppe the scamca of every bagge in the bottome where
rabbed parte tjjg nioiiey was, and tooke a good iiuinmc out of every of
^ wi'ed^to'' thvin : and afterwardes sowed them up againe, not thinlting
Spirta.
that there had bene a border uppon every bagge, f^n
the which was declared, the miniDer and Icindes of gold
and silver that were therein. Now when he was come
to SpArta, be hid the money be had stolen, under the
house vavinges, and went and delivered the bAggt« he
had brought, into the hnndcs of the Ephori, shewing them
Lvsaiuli-ni M^nlc, which he hud set to every one of tiiein.
The Epltori having opened the Iwggtw, iukI told the money,
found that the »umme agreeil not witli the bonicw of the
coiitvnt«s : ai»d yi't coulde not tell where the fault was.
But a seirvaunt of tiylippus told them in darke wordea, ray-
ing: tliat under the tyle.i of his masters house tltere lay a
great number of owles. Nowe the greatest parte of the
The Grekbhe coyne of golde and silver which was currant through Greece,
ooyue WM ^r^s stamped with the marke of an owle, by reason of the
Athenians. Ilius Gylippus after so many noble csploytcs
done in warres, committing no shamcfid and vile n dcdc,
was banished out of his ountry of Lucedirmonia. But the
wisest men of Sparta, and of deepest judgement, fearing
the power of golde and silver, and Ki-eing by proofe of
Covet(>u>ii«K GylippuK duii)gc<, that it had mucIi power to make one of
otmouty their chiof««t men to fall through covetouttnes : they K««Uy
wmipted blamed Lyumder fur bringing of it into Lflce<ltt'inoii, be-
o/tlie^lii'^eBt i^eeching U»e Kphori tliat they would send all this golde
mm of Law- And silver out of Sparta, aa a plague, provocation, and
(Urmon. wicked baite, to make them do evUl : declaring unto them,
that they diouM use no other money, but their o»-ne
only. Whereupon they referred all, to the wisedome and
determination of the counsel!. Theopompus wrj'teth. that
Scimphidas was he that did move the counsel of the Ephori
in it. Howbcit Epborus eolleth him Phlogidas, who was
the first that spake against it in the oounscU, ttuit they
sliould not admit, nor receive into the dty of Sparta, any
3M
marked with
an owte.
Gylipiniii
buiuihmiint
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
money of golde or silver: but should onety content them
aelTes with their owne c«ntry \nm cmyne, the which first of
all, comming from the fire redde hotte, waa quenehed with
vineger, to thend they should be forged no more, nor em-
ployed unto any otiier ate. For it was so eager and brittle
oy meanes of tnis temper, that they couldc no more convert
it to any other purpose : and beside, it was very heavie and
unhandsome to remove, conaiderinz that a great heapc and
cuinntitic of it, was but of small value. And it sccmcth
Uicy did use of oldc time, certain^ litlc iron money, tuid in
•omc places copper money, called Obelind, from whi-nn- the
small peccL-s of money now extant are called Oboli, whi-n-of
six make a Drachma, so termed, fur that it was a» much ah
tlie hand could gripe. Nevcrthelessv, at thv fAmetit sute of
I.yiKnden> fmides that stoodc against it, and held hard with
him : it was decreed in tht^ whuwII, thnt the money iJiould
remaine in the city, and ordainvd tlmt it wht>uld l>e currant
onely hut fur tluinayrk-M of the common wealth. And if it
were found, that aiiy private man did eitlier locke up, or
kepe any money, tliat he should suffer death for it : as if
Lycurgus when ne made his lawes feared gold and silver, and
not the oovetousnes and 'avarice whicli tnc goldc and silver
briiigeth with it. The which was not taken away so much,
prohibiting private men to have it: ns it was ingcndred
only by a conunon tolleradon of getting it. For, the profit
which they sawc it brought witluJl, made it to be <-«tevmcd
and desired. For it was unpossibie they should despLn.- a
thing privately for unprofitahte, which they ww reclcencd
of commonly, as u tlimg very necvwtary : and that they
should thinke it would not serve tlieir tiirnc privately, seeing
it so commonly cstceim-d and desired. But we are ratJu-r to
thinke, that private mens nnuiiiors are conformed according
to the common uscii and customes of cities : then that the
faultes and^vices of privat*! men doe litl|cities and common
wcales with ill qualities. And it is more likely, that the
partes are marred and corrupted with an infection of the
whole, when it fallcth out ill : then that the partes corrupted
should drawe the whole unto corruption. For to the
contrary, the faultes of a parte destroyed, which might be
245
LYSAhfDBR
Tlutiroii
rooiMiy of
At whst tloie
tbeLMWdir-
monian* ro-
mid nilvcr
Hotline.
Tlioilltifeor
tli«Msfft».
trate,th«
osuiB of di>-
onlor in a
cum moo
weiJe.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LYSANDER pivjudidall unto the whole, are oftentimes redressed and
coTKcted by Utother partes, whole ajid entier. But they
that tooke thb resolution in their counsell at that time, to
have money in the common wealth : made fearc of punisb-
ment, and of the law, to be the outward watchmea of
citizens houses, to kt-epc that no money should come in to
them. But all this while they made no inwardv provision,
to kepe the entry of thvir soulcs lix>Di all passion and greedy
dtsirra of money : hut to tiic contrary, they made them all
to have a covrtuutt dcsirv to be rich, ax it tt were a greet
and hiinoraklv thing. But for tluit wu have herlofore in
X V "i other oliuts reproved Uie LAced^monians. . Antl moreover
Lv^uUMi-r cauMe<l a statue of braiMe to be maoe like him &elfe
o^ the spoile he had gotten of the enemiea, to set it up in
the citie of Delphea, and for every private Captaine of the
sallies in like case : and the two starrea of Castor and Pollux
m golde besides, which vanished away a litle before the
battell of Leuctres, and no man knewe what became of them.
Agtune, in the chamber of the treasory of Brasidas, and
of tlw Aeanthiaus, there was hIso a jicalley made of gold
and ivory, of two cubittes long, which Cyrus sent uiito him
after the victory he Iwd wonnc by sea, of the Atlieniuiut.
And furthermore, Alexondrides the historiogranlier borne
•t Delphea, wryteth, that the selfe same Lysaiider had left
tltere to be kept safe, a tallent of silver, two and fifty Mina&,
and eleven ])eeces of gold tailed Slatervs, But all this
aocordeth not with that which all the otiier historiographers
write, agreeing of his poverty. But Lysander being aloft
then, awl of greater power then ever any Greecian was
before him : cariod a greater jportc and countenaunce then
Lj-RsiiJeni became his ability. For, as Duns writcth, he was the iinit
honors oud of the Greecians unto whume they did ever erpct any aultere,
V"^^ niul offer Mcrifioe unt*) a« a god, and in honor i>f wfiom they
dill lirst fting any hyninca : and at this day there ii yet good
tneniory of one which Iwganne in thi.* nianer ;
The noble Csnuioet praise, we mesne to celebrate.
Of Greece : thiLtUud which is devjne, lu every kiiide of state.
Even he, trhich was both bomo, and brought to high renovite.
AVltliin t)ie noble woalthlo walles, of Sp&rta stately towtie;
Si46
ref
GRECllNS AND ROMANES
The Saminns bj- piiblicko d«TW ftninin<>*i, Umt the fi'fuiW
of Iiin», which u-rre called ititlteircityHofueOjiiliould be called
Lysatidrin. I.ywuider had ever one ('l)cerilua, a Spartan Poet
about him, to wryte and set forth »)) htHdoingeti in verse. An
other l*oet callm Antilocus, one day made certaineAferse* in
his praise : which pleased him so well, that he gave"hini his
hatte full of silver. There were two other Poet*, Antiniachus
Colophonian, and Niceratus home at licmdi-a, which did
both tvrytc verses to honor him, striving wtiHhcr of tltcm
should do best. Lysandcr jiid^d the crownc and victor)',
unto Niccratu*: wherewith Antininchux was si> luigry, tlmt
he nwted out nil that he had writU-n of liiin. But Pmto who
at that time wa« young, and lo\'t-d AntiiiuuhiiA ))i<'jtiiM- he
WA.S an L-xcelh^it Poi-t, tiid coinforte him, nnd toide him tliat
ignoraunce did blincle the undentanding of the ignoraunt,
as blindenefl dotli the sight of the blinde. Aristonous an ex>
c«Uent player of the citeme, and one that had six times
wonne the prises of the Pythian games : to winne Lysanders
favor, promised him, that if ever he wanne tlic prise of hi*
arte asaine, he would cause him )»clfe to be proclaimed
Lysanders slave. This ambition of Lysander was very odious
and erievous, only unto f^reat personi<H, and men of his estate:
but bcwdi's hi« ambition, in thendv he became very pn>wdc
and cruel, tlirough the flattens of his followers, and thcni
that courted him : w that h« exceeded in rt'c»m|>encinj; hi^
frendes, as also in puni)>hinge of hia t>neniie& Fur, to gratitie
his frendea and familiars, he gave them alwotute |mwer and
authority of life and death in their townes and cities : and
to pacific and appease his anger where he once hated, there
was no other way but death, without all possibilitie of
pardon. And that he plainly shewed afterwards in the city
of Miletum, where, feaniig k-ttJit they would flie that tooke
pnrte with the jKJople, and bictuiM' he would have them
a»]H-«rc- that hid them «.'lv« : he gave his word, and swan-
that he woidd doe them no hurt at all. The poore men
gave credit to hw worde. But m soone as tltey came out,
and did appcAre, he delivered them all into the hnitdcs of
their adversaries, (which were the chiefest of the nobility) to
put them all to death : and they were no lease then eight
94,1
LVSANDEH
Plntoes Mj'-
iiiK i>I Uie
Ipiiofiimicc
<yinL pared
■ ith biiude-
11(0.
Lj-uindcni
umbilioti,
pride. Had
CTuett)*.
Lytatuler
\'T»kv his
word Mid
othp. and
Siroriircd the
loath of (light
hundred
people.
LVSANDER
Bteoda
wordMof
Lj'iuiidvr.
Tlivnu )iut
t« df*th fur
olf (aiding
the law.
Tli« Litcuiiinii
ScyUIit wliHt
mniior thing
it w, Kod how
uMd.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
liiindrnd men one with an other. He caused great murdeni
of peoplo to aU» be done in other cities : for lie did not
only put them to death that had privatly olfended him, but
numbers besides, odcIv to satisfie and i-evenge the private
quarretls, enmities ana covctousncs of hi^ freudes, whom he
had in vvery place. And thvrcforc was Eteodcs Lacede-
monian ercatly commended for his saying : that Gtvecc could
not abioc two LyKanders. llivophnistus wrytcth also, that
the very liku *iu »()<>kcn of iucibiadc* by Arehcstratus.
Htjwbeit in Alcibiiuliw th<:rc wax iioUiin^, but hJs insok-ncy,
aii<l vainc glory that nu-n miidiked : but m Lysandcr, a severe
natutv, and !(har|x: condicioim, that made bix power fcarfull
and intollerable. Neverthelc^ite, tlte Litcedienioniaiis piuncd
over all other contplaintea exhibited against him : staving
when they heart! the complaintii of Pharnaba/ua, who piir-
poeely sent Ambassadors unto them, to <^>niptaine of tlie
wrrongs aitd injuries Lysander had done him, spoyling and
dcatroyiug the contry under his government, 'fhen the
Ephori being offended with him, dapped up Thorax in
))nsoD, one of his frc-ndcs and Captaiucs that had served
(uider him : and finding that he had both gold and silver
in his house contrary to the law, put him to death. And
to him selfe they sent imincdiatly that which they call Seytala,
(as who would i*«y, the scn>lk' wrytten upon a n>imde stafle)
commauntling him that he nhould rvtorm^ imincdiatly »{>i)ii
receitc Uicreur. The Srytala is in tliis sorte : When tlic
Kphori doc Kende a Generall, or an Admirall to the warn«,
they cause two title rounde staves to l>e made of the tike
bignen and length, of which the Kphori doe keepe tlie tone,
and thother they geve to him whorae they sende to the
warrca. These two litle staves they call hcytales. Nowe
when they will advertise their Generall secretly of mattere
of iraportauQce, they take a scroUe of pardiement, long and
narrowe like a leather thongc,and wreath it about the round
stafTc. Icavingc no voydc space bctwcne the knottes of the
scrowle. Anerwardes when tliey h^ive bound them fast
together, then they wrytc up{M>n the jxirchment thus rolled
wliat they will, and when they have done wryting, uii-
foldc it, and scndv it to tlioir Genendl, who can not else
848
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
possibly read it to know what is writtcD, (btcausc the LfSANDER
ictt«n are not joined together, nor follow in order, but
an.- scattc-rcd here and there) until! he tfdcc his litle rowlo
of woilde which was gevco hiDi nt his dcpitrtiirf. ^Vnd
tltcn wrrathing the scrowie of parchment about it which he
receuveth, the futding and wreathes of the parchcment fall-
ing jurt into the selfe same place as Uiey wen? fir*t folded:
the letters also coiih: to joyiw one with an otJter, as th^
ought to doe. This litle scrowie of parchment also ts
called as the rowie of wodde, Scytala : even as we com*
monly see in many places tluit the thing mea&ured, is also
callea by the name of the measure, ft'hen this parche-
inent scrowie was brought unto Lysander, who was then
in the contrie of Hellespont, he was mor^elously troubled
witball, fearing above all otlHrr thingcs the accusations of
Phamabazus : so he sought meanes to spcake with him before
he departed, hoping thenby to make his peace with him.
When they were together, Lysandrr prayed him he would
write an other letter unto the Lordes of Sparta, contrary
to his l)r»t, how that he had done hini no hurt at all, and
that he had no cause to complaiiie of him : but He did not
rememl>er that he was a Cretan, (as the common proverbe
sayeth) tiiat could deceave ait other Cretan. For Phama-
bfunis having promised him that he would performe his desire,
wrote a letter openly, purporting the effect of Lysanders
request ; but bchmde he had an other of contrary effect, so
like on the out side unto the other, that by sight no man
could disceme tbone firam the other. And when he came to l.ynasdft
fut his seale, he chaunged the first with the last that was vniifth Ii^ttcrs
iddcn.and gave it him. When Lysander came unto Sparta, "gunrthim
be went as the maner is, straight to the fHtlliicc whrrt^ the
Senate Wept, aiui gave his letU-r» unto the Ephores, thinking
that by them he should have bene di^red from all dauneer
of the greateHt arciuations they could liave burdened nim
witball : bicause tliat Phamabazus was very well thought
of of the Lords of Laced^monia, for that he did ever shew
him belfe wilting and ready to helpe them in all their
wanes, more then any other of the kinges Lieutenauntea
of Persia, The Ephori having red this letter, they shewed
3:U £49
LIVES
THE NOBLE
Lyunder
foeili tu
uplter
Asiinon.
LYSANDER it imU> him. llien did Lyaonder ploinlj see, Uiat the
common proverb was true :
Thnt Ulysses was not iubtill aloD&
Tfaercuppon be weiit home to his house nmrvelously
troubled. But within few dtives aflcr returning to tJie
pallace ngoitie to Hpeake wiUi tlie Lord« uf llic counieU, lie
told them thut he must oeede* moke a voyage unto the|
brmple of lupiter Amnion, t» diKharge certoine sacrifioes^
which be hod vowed siid promised to him before be had
woniie the battelU. Some say, that in deede lupiter AmmoD
appeared to him in a dreame as he did besiece the city of
the Aphygfeiaiis, in the contry of Thracia, and that by his
commauiKlement he ratscd the sieec, and charged them of
the city, that th«y should thaukc lupiter Aimnon, and doe
sacriiicc unto him : by reason whereof, they thinke that h«
m«nt good faith, wIkii he sued for licence to make this
voyage into Libya, to performe the vowes which he had
made. Hut the niOKt parte dill certaiiiely beleve that he
made cute t» goe thn jotney, for a doke and colour only to
absent him selfe, bicause he feared the Epliores, and tlut't be
coulde not endure the yoke and subjection which he must
abide remaining at home, neither could like to be com-
niaunded. And this was the true cause of his nite to goe
tliifl voyage, much like unto a horse taken out of a frobe
pasture and goodly mcadowca. to bring him into a stable,
and mitkc him to he jorneyc?d as he was before, Neverthc-
Icssc, Ephorus wrileth an other cause, the which I will recite
hereafter, In the end, Lysander having hardly obtained
licence, tooke shippe, and crossed saile. But during his
alwenoe, the kinge» of Lacednmon lemembring that be
kept all the dties at his commaundenicnt, by meanes of the
frendes he bad in every city, whom lie had made chicfe
governors of the same, and tliat by tlivir mcancs he came
m maner to be absolute prince over all Greece : they tookc
uppon them to redeliver tnc government of the towno* and
cities acaine into the handes of the peoi^ and also to put
downe ms frendes wbomc he hod atabliabed th«ne. And
hereupon fell out fp'eat insurrection agalne. For first of ail,
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
tbejr that were banished from Athens, haTinc surprised and LYSANDER
taken the cA^tell of Phyla upon the sodaioe, aid set apon the
thirty govcmon tynuis (whom Ly)um<lcr hud placed there)
and oviTcamv thnn in bttttell. Wtwrvuppon I^^ander
struight n;tiirned to Spurta, and penwaded the Locedie-
inonians to referre t)te e;overnment to t)>« nunilwr of a few,
and to puniftli the ituolenvy of the people. So by bi« pro*
curetnetit, they sent fint a tiundred tallents unto the thirty
tynuiit for an aide to inaintaiiie this warre, and aiipointed
Lyiander him selfe generatl. But the two kingea of S{)iarta
en*"ying him, and fearing least he should take the city of
Athens againe: they determined that one of them would
go. Whereupon Pausanias went thither immediatly, who in
appftraunce seemed to maintaine the tyraones against the
people: but in effect, he did his indevor to appease this
wan-e, for feare least Lyvander by mcancs of his fimds and
followers should once af^itH* come to have the city of Atlienx
in his power, the which hv might easily doc. jVnd thus
baving agreed the Athentan-t againe one with lui other, and
pacified nil faction and commonon among them, he pluckt
up the roote of Lyianden ambition. But xhortly after, the
Atheniam rebelling againe agaiuxt the I^aoedjemoiiianK, Pau-
Minia-H him selfe was reproved, bicaiwe he yvhled so much to
the Ivildnes and insolency of the i>eople, whidi were brideled
and retrained before, by the autnonty of the small number
of governors : and to the cont3rary, they gave Lysander
the honor to be genemil, who ruled not in this rebellion
to please mens mindes and to content them, ncitlier with
fond ostentation of glor)', but severely, for the profit and
commodity of Sparta. It k tnie he would geve great wordt«,
and was terrible to them that n^Jsted him. An ho aunnwered
the Argivcs one day, who contended for thi-ir confines with
the Lacedaemonians, and secm*.-d to tUleage the best reasons.
Even they (sard he) Uiat shall prove the stroneer herebv,
shewing tnem hi-t sword : shan>e they Uiat ahal pleade thar
ea(M> licitt for their confines. An other time, when a
M^arian had tolde his niinde botdly enough in open ooun-
gdl, he aunswcred biro : Thy wordea (good frend) nad neede
of a dtr, meaning therby that he was of too meane a towne
KingPannt)-
ia« recon-
ciled the
AthenlsDS
witfatha
SpartauJ.
Ljwidan
t*TTibIo
word*.
ThcdMthof
VingAgu.
Lycoiulnr do-
prirrtb Leoty'
dudii* of bin
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LYSAKDER to us£ so great words. And to the Bceotiwis aUo, who
were in dout to jirofunv them •elves frends or enemies : bo
sent imto them, to know if lie should p«ue throush the
contry with his pyket upwarde* or downevardeii. And when
the Corinthimi* aJ*o were revolted from their allyance, he
hrtnight his army harde unto their walles : but when he
Hawc his men were afrayed, and made curacy whether thoy
jtltould goe to the assault or not : by chaunce spying a hare
cumming out of the towne ditches, he sayd unto them :
Are ye not ashamed to be afrayed to goe and assault yottr
enemies that are so cowardly and slothfull, as han^ doe
kccpc their formes at case within the circuite of their wiilivs?
Now king Agifl being deceased, he left behinde him his
brother Agvfilnus, and hi» Kup{M))mI imimt? Leotychid^a.
Whcrefort', Lywindcr tliat liad loved Ageiiilauit aforetime,
f^vi,- him counaell to stande for the right of the crowne, as
Hwefull heire and next of the blood, cfiscending of the race
of Hercules : bicause it waa suspected that Leotychides was
Alcibiades sonne, who secretly nad kept Timwa Agia wife,
at what time he was banished out of nis contry, and came
then to Tcmainc in Sparta. And Agis solfe also, coneluding
by rcckening of the time of his absence, that his wife coulde
not be with childe by bim : made rcckening of Leotychides,
(and had openly shewed it all the rest of his life time) that
lie did not acknowledge him for hiii .wnnc, untill itueli time
AS falling sicko of thnl diw.-n.-M.' whereof he died, lie wa* caried
to the city '>f Hirnea. And there lyin^ in hifi death bed, at
the humble Nute of Ix-otvchidcH him selfe, aitd partely at the
instant requeiit of his frendea who were Jmiwrtunate with
him : he did acknowledge Leotychides for his soune in the
presence of divers, whoroe he prayed to be witnesses unto
the Lordes of Laoedsmon, of his acceptation and acknow-
ledging of )iim to be his sonnc. Which they all did in
favor of LeotychidcB. For all that, Agcsilaus tooke it apon
him, by the support and maintenutmce of Lysnnders favor.
Howebcit, Diopithc« a wise man, and knowen to be skilfull
in Rimcieut propliecics, did great hurt to Age«iUiis side,
by an ouncient oracle which he alleogcd ngainst a defect
AgesilauK had, which was hia lomenes :
25S
Thraucli
LymMtn
irutluufc,
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Spartkn pcopk you, "-liich bcaro high hawtr h«rte*, LYSANDI
And Uiuks B loft : Uke hiMde I lay, luoke well uiiUi jruur martM ;
Leaat whilca jou rtaaili! upright, aiul guide your *tat« bjr i^nce.
Some halting kini^um pririly. com* (reef Ids In k pace.
By that mvaiiea mijflit yuu move, great trouMM, cnrke and e*ro.
And iBlscIiiefe« lieuiie upon your hmd, before fou hr avarc.
And ploiiged ghoula you be, even over heai mud cnrcs,
With wwt of wnrren, which here on earth doth pirrish many p«u«e.
Many by oc^wiion of thiH oracle, fell to take Leotjrchidcs
parte : but Ly»ander deckred unto them, that Diopithcs
did not conater tlie meaning of the oracle well. For God,
sayed he, cared not whetl^r he halted of one Iccgv or
no, that should come to be king of Lacvda-mon : but in
dccde, the croime and kingdome snoutd haltc and be lame,
if bastardcs not lawfully Iwgotten, should come to raigne
over the true naturall issue and right line of Hercules. By
th<!sv perswasioDs, Lysandcr with his gnnt coiuitcnaunce and
authority besides, wanne all men to his opinion : !m> tliat
Ago^ilaus by this meancs was proclaimed king of Lacedsmoo.
Tlii« done, Lysander beganne straight to council him to
make wiuTts m Aula, putting him fn hope that he should
destroy tlie kingdome of Persia, and Hhoiild come to be the
greatest roaii of the world. Moreover, he wrote unto hi>
irendes in the cities of Axia, that tltey .thnuld send unto the
Lacediemonians to require Icing Agetilaus for their cencrall,
to make warria against the barbarous people. Which they
did, and sent Ambaftsador?! jiurposely unto Sparta t*) «»c
that they might have him : the which was no lessc honor
procured unto Agesilaua by L^'sandeis uieancs, then that
nc did, in making him to be cboMH king. But men
ambitious by nature, being otherwise not unapt nor tmfit
to commiiimdc, have this imperfection : that through the Ambition
jealousio of glory, thcv doc commonlie envie their equallcs, aWdeth uo
the which ilnlh grctitly hinder them for doing any notable *4<'*'«"'
thii^e& For they bike them for their enemies, envying
their vertue : whose Kvrricc and raeancs might heipe them to
doe great matters. Thus Agiviluus being chosen generall of
this cnterprLte, tookc Lysaodcr with him in this jomey,
amoD^'st the thirty coumeUen whtch werv gevcn unto him
to assist him : and made Apcciall cbovce of him, as by whose
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LTSANDER counsi'll hv Itopcd most to tx.- governed, and to have him
Docrcft about nim, ns ttiK chivfi-st frmde. But whcii they
were arrived in Asia, thvy of the contry having no acquaint-
aunce with Agesikus, wldomc spake with him, or but Utk- :
tuid to tlie contnuy, having knuwen Lysandvr of long time,
they fulluwed him, and waited uppun him ia hi* tent or
lodging, some to honor him, liicatLtc they were his frendea,
others for feare, bicause they did mi.itruit him. Kveii much
Uke aa it falleth out oft«ntimes in the Theaters, when th^ play
tragedies there : that he that shall play tlie person c4 some
messenger or servaunt, ahalbe the best player, and shall have
the best voyce to be heard above all others ; and to tha
contrary, that he which hath the royall hande about hk'
heade, and the scvpter in his hande, a man doth scant
hearv hitn spcake. £v(>n «o fell it out then: fur all the
dignitie due unto him tliat commauiidcttt nil, wa» sinewed
only uoto the counteUer : and there remained to the king no
more:, but the royall name only of a king, witliout any power.
T)ierefoi« me thinkcs tliat thi.s uitdisr-reete and im|K>rtuiiate
ambition of Lysander, did well deserve reprooft^ perhappes,
to make him only to be contented witli the second place
of honor next unto the king. But for Agesilaus sgaine,
through cxtrearoe covetousnes and jealousie of glory, to
cast Lysander altogether of, and to set so %ht by his freode
and benefactor, that surely became not him neither. For
first of all, iVgesilaus never gave Lysander occasion to doc
any thinge, neither did commit any matt^-r of weight imtoi
liim, that might be honorable for him : hut which is worst]
of all, if he perceived that he hiul taken any mens causes Ut'l
liaiid, and that he did favor them, he did alwavM Hendsj
them backe againe into their contW, denying tneir sut&rl
without that they coulde obtaine any tning they sueaj
for, lesfte then tlie meanest peraones tliat could haTe>|
<-ome, extingui^iing I.ysanders credit by litte, and Ittle, and
taking from him all authority by this meanea. Wherefore,'^
Lysander perceiving howe he was thus refused and rejected
in all thinges, seing that the countenaunce and favor which
he thought to shew unto his frcndes, fell out hurtful! unto
them : lefl of to soUcite their matters any more, and prayed
254
Lyiauderii
wuedome.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
them to forbearc to come unto him, or to followc him, but LYSANDER
to go to the king, and unto those that cotild doi- thcni bftter
{ileastire then him sclfc, and specially tliosc that honored
them. When they hcurd tlutt, many desisted to trouble
him imy more in mtitti-n of iinportaunce, but not to doe
him all the honor Uivy could, and continued Htill to nocoin-
panie him, when he went out to walke, or otherwise to
exercise him M>lfe: the which did aggravate and increase
Agesilaut) anger inon; agaiii.it him, for the envy be bare
unto his glory. Aiid where he mie very hoiioraule char^
and camroiHition in the warrea, oneBtimes unto very meanc
eouldien to execute, or cities to goveme; he appointed
Lysandcr tiurveyor generail of all the ordinary provision of LynuaAer
vittcUfl, and distributer of flesh. And then mocking the ''?"*,'?!"I "^
lonians that did honor him so much : Let them go nov, *^ '"
sayd ho, and honor my flesh distributer. AVhcrefore, Ly»-
andcr seeing it high time to speakc : went unto Agesilatts,
and toldc him in few wordcs after the Loconian manner:
IVucly Agvstlaus, thou ha»t learned well to abase thy Lnanders
frendes. In diwle saved he ngaiiie, so have I, when they ^"'J^J,
wilhe greater then my selfe : and to the contrary, they that j ^ ft^
maintaine and increase my honor and authority, it i-i reamn t),^ LMooiau
that 1 esteeme of them. Yea raary, sayd I.yttander, but per- moiier of
happes I have not done as thou sayst. Vet I pray thee geve apeaking.
me such an office, as I may be least hated, and most profit-
able for thee : though it be but in respect of straungers eyes
that lookc npon us both. After this talkc bctwene them,
Agcsilaus sent him hie Lieutcnaunt into the contryi'^of
Hellespont, where Lysander still kept this anger secret in
his hart against him, but for all that, did not leave to doe
all that be could fur the benefit of hi^ mnstere affaires. As
•moDgcst many other thinge«, he cauM.-d a Pi-rtian Captainv
called SpiUirituiteK to trbell ngain»t his master, who was a
valUant man of bin bandit, and a great t-iicmy of Phanin-
baxus, anil had an army also which be brought witli him
unto Agcsiiaus. Now eonoi-niing this warre, this was oil
that he did in that jomey. \Vherefore, he returned againe
to Sparta not long after, with litle honor, being marvelously
griercd and offended with Agestlaus, and hating more then
256
LYSANDBR
■Mk«th ia-
novnlioii in
the utato of
Sputa.
The FamiliM
ofthskingei
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
before, all the state and government of the citie of Sparta ,
by reason whereof, he determined to put that in pisc*
tjse, wliich he had long time thought uppon, conceminffe
the alteracion of government, and his ciittrprise was this.
Amongcst tlie ofspring and issue of Hercules, who were
mingled with the Dorians, and returned agaiite into the contrie
uf Peloponnesus, the eneateet number and chiefe«t of them,
dwvllixl in the city of Sparta: howbcit, tOl tiwy tliat cain«
of that nun- had no ri^t of succession to thecrowne, saving
two fninilti-« utt\y. the Kurytiontides, and the Agiaden. The
oUkt fikmihes, albeit tbey were all for nobility uf blood
descended out of one welfe liotiiie, yet had they no more right
nor interest unto the realuie, then the residue of the people ;
for, the dignities that were attained unto by vertue, were geven
unto the inhabitauntes that could deserve them. Lysander
then bein^ one of those which was disccndcd of the true race
of Hercules, who notwithstanding had no interest in the
crownc: when he stiw him welfc uloft, and called to great
boiKir through his famous ucti« and mcrites, and that he had
wonne many freiidcs, and great credit and authority by dctd-
ing in matten of the rtjite : it grieved him much, to sec that
tlicy which were no nobler then him seife, should be kingut
in that city, which he had increauii by his vertiie, and tlukt
he could not have so mudi power aji to take from Uie.ie two
hotiAes, the Kurytiontides, and the Agiadcs, the premgative
tltat the kinges should be chooen onely out of one of thoae
two houses, and to cast it apon the ofspring of Herculea.
Some say againe, that he would not only nave enlarged that
prerogative unto the issue of Hercules, but unto all the
naturail Spartans also : bicause that Hercules race should
not only desire this rcwiird of honor, but even they also that
followed hii steps in vertue, which had made him equal with
the gods in honor. For hv douted nut, but if they would
dispose the arownc in this sort«, tJtat there was no man in
the city of Sparta that should sooner be cbwen king then
him Rolfc: wherupon he attempted first to nerxwAde his
dtiiiens by very good reasons, and to bring thts alwut the
better, he conned an oration witliout booke, penned by
Cleon Halicamasaeus, made him for this purpose. But
S56
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
sfterwardes w^iog with him sctfc, that tm great and stnuinge
> cbsunge as he woiiliJ bring in, hml ikmo of some better
(md fitrongn* hvlpc: hv bcj^inv to frame a devise as they
say, to move the jH-«>|>k- by, tnudi after the niiiniKT they use
iu tra^-di(«, framing ciigiiiisi to bring some god to come
downe from hiMven unto tJiem, and Um was his faini'd in-
vention. He dcviited certaiiie oracles and prapheda, think-
ing that all Cleutis reth4>ri<:ke would stand hiiit in no steade,
if first of all he did not fill the citizens Iiartes witli nome
supersticion and feare of the goddes, that he might bring
them afterwardes more easily unto reason. And Kphorus
aaycth, Uiat he proved first to corrupt the \umie with
moneV) that gercth all the oracles and aunswers in the
temple of Apolio at Delplm: luid that afterwardes^ ho
wouldc have wonne the Nuime also of the t^^'mplc of Dodonc
with money, by Phen-cles prikcti-te, Am<1 th»t he being
rejectetl by tliein botli. went lastly unto tlw t<-riijite of
lupit^-r Anuniiti ; uiid that Uien: he s|»Jie unl4> the ]iric»leii,
ana oflVrx-d tltein gn-at «tore of muney for llie .-tame purpose.
But titey were ho ofTended with Lysonder, tliat tliey sent
men of punxMie to Sparta, to accuse him, tliat )te wouhl Itave
corrupted tnem with money. The counsell clearing Lysander
of this accusation, the Libyans his accusers at tlieir departing
Hiyd : We will one day judge more .justly, then you my
Lonles of Lacediemou nave done now, when yuu shall oomc
to dwell in our contry of Ubya : supposing there was on
auncient prophecy tliat Kuyd, the Laced «-moniana one dav
should come to dwell in the contry of Libya. But wv ^all
doe better to wryte the whole *l«iry at large of thu proctiae.
suttelty, and inidicious deviM-, which wan no mjttter of ttniJl
im|M>rtaunce, nor lightly grounded : but asi in a matfae-
uinlienll proposition there were many great conjectures aitd
preHkip])ositioii.t, and many long cireumstanoes to bring it to
eonclusioti, the which I will dilate from point to point,
delivering that which an historiographer and tthilosopher
both hath wrytten. There was in the marehi-s of the realme
of Pont, a woniaii that sayed she wa» gotten wiUi childe by
Apollo, the which many (as it is tu be tliuught) would not
beleve at oil, and many also did belevc it : so chat she beingv
3:KK 2S7
LVSANDER
I.jnwDdcr
ilevi«et]i faUe
oracle*, aiid
coTrupt«tb
•Mtliaajen
vith mooty.
raiucd duvlM
topaiiBi n the
kiflgdoaie.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LYSANDGR delivered of a goodlv sonm.', diverse noble men luid of great
estabe were cnrefull to bring him up, and to hnvc him
tau^t. Tliis childe, I know not whereuppot), nor how, wns
named Silviiu-s : und Lywiiider fi-tchingi- ttu- plat of \m deviate
from llniuv, lulded tu all the rviit of him »vliv^ to goe on
with his pnictbc. Now Itc hod tnsiiy (mid tliey n<> Hmall
mm) that made hi* wtiy tu frame this Jea.it, geviiig out a
rumor of Ute birth of Uiis childe, without any suspicion
gathered out of the intent of this rumor. And further-
more, they brought other newes from Delphes, which they
di5|>ersed ahroooe through the dty of Sparta, to wit: that
tlie priestes of the temple kept secA;t Ixxikes of very
Auncieiit oracles, which they them selves durst not touch nor
handle, neither might any man read theio, onlessc be were
b^otten of the scedc of Apollo, who alioitlde come after a
long time, and make his birth appcare unto the prietttei*
that kept tliese pELpcrs, and that by some secret nuirlcc and
token, which thc^y bud iimongest them : and thi-TX-bv being
knowen for ApoUm^ sonne, he might then take theoookes,
' and read the auneieut rvvclnrions and prophecies of the name.
These things pn-paxk-d in tliis sorte, there was order taken
tlutt Silcnua should come and askv for these buokca as
though he were tJie sonne of AjHtllo : and that the priestes
whicli were privy to tiiis jiractisu, should make as though
they did diligently ex/iinine him of every tiling, and how be
wao borne. And that at tlie lengUi, aJlir they had seemed
to know all, they should deliver tlieae prophecies unto him,
as if he had bene in deede Apolloeo .sonne: and that he
should openly read them in the presence of many witnesses.
And among the rest of the propneciei, that he shoidd n»d
that specially, for the which this long paltry fained drift was
fmuied, touching the kingdomc of l^accdEeiiionia : that it was
bctt«r, wufi itieetclicr for the Spartans they should choose
them for their kingi-s, whome they found the mcctest mcit of
all tlieir magistrates. But when Silcnus was eomc of full age,
and brought tutu Greece of purpose to perfonne this practise,
all the mistery was iiiarde by the foiiitc heart of one of the
players and companions of Lysaiider, who holpe him to
oountenaunce this deviw : who when the nuitter snould have
2fi8
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
taken effixrt, nhronckc for fear«, and let the mirterie alone.
Hiifl notwithstanding, noUiing wa» bewray«d in Lysanden
life time, till after nifi death. For lie (lyed, Wfore king
Agesilftua returned out of Adia, lieinj; fullen into warrea witJi
Ba'otia before hia deatli, or rather having him selfe made
Greece to fall into warres. They doe reporte it eitlier way,
and aomc lay the fault apon him, other apon the lliebans, and
other apon tbcm both : and they burden the Thebane withall,
bicausc they did utterly overthrowe the common aacrifioes
which Agesilaus made in the city of Aulide. And they say
aliH), thai AndrocUdes and AmphtthcuB did raise this warre
among the Greccianc, being before corrupted with money by
tl>e king of Pentiu to bring warres apon the Loceda-monians
in Greece : and iK^ganne to invade and destroy the contiy of
tJie Phocians. OUier say that Lysander wan very ajigry with
the ThelMns, hicause they onvlv of all oilier their coiuMerate*
did oske the tenth fmrte of all the »]ioyle whidi wa* wonne
in the warre against Uu- Athcnianx: and that they were not
plea;ied that Ly.tander had sent the money away unt»» Sparta.
But above all Lysander did malice them mo<tt, bicauxe they
were the first that made way for the Athenianit to be
delivered from thopprcasion of thirty tymnnesi, whom he
had rtablishod govcmorB in AthenH, and in whose favor (to
make them to he dreaded the more) the I.ft«^edlemonians had
ordained by a common edict : that they that were baniahed
and did floe from Athens, might lawefiilly be taken and
apprehended in what place soever they fled unto, and that
whoeoeA'cr should resist or let them to do it, thev should be
proclaimed rebells, and open enemies unto the I^cedav
monians. Agaiiie to contrary this edict, the Thcbatis made
an other very like, and mecte for the glorious dcdes of
Bacchus and Hcreuli'v their auneestors, for whom it was mode:
that every houw and city through the contry of BaM>tia,
should Iw open for the Athenians that would come thither,
and that he that would not holpo a banished man from Atlu-ns,
against him that would take him away by foree^ simiild l»e fmed
and amerced at a talent. And nUo if there were any Mnildien
that went unto Atlieno, tlimugli the contrie of Rceolia, that
the Thebans SLhotild not see nor heare it. Tltix was no
359
LYSANDSB
Thn varrw
of BooUa,
IHvm OI14M
RurmiMid of
th« befcintiing
of these ■wan.
An edict
agaiurtthe
t>HiiiBh«d men
from AUieas.
An edict
miidt' by ike
TKcbaiiR ill
ttivor or the
bauieh«<ltn«n.
LygJtuderB
j<iriiey unto
kin
lOlltt.
Cithuron
miHia.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LYSANDER (lifwiniiilAtion to sfx^kv of, that tbev Hbould ondaine tliinges
with w) gentle wonJfs, ftnJ *o tm-ete for the people of Greece,
And thun Ihnt the deties should not auiuwer unto their edicta
ftiid pi-oclainntimis. Fdrllintsyhulu-i, and hU fellowes of the
con.suiracie, who kept the castell of Phyla, they deputed irom
Theues, with annor and monev, and the Thebana did helpe
them to beeinne and practise theirenterprise so secretly, that
it was not discovered. These were the causes why Lysander
was so earnestly bent a^inst the Thcbans, and his chollcr
being so extreanie, by reason of his mclancholinr* that gltvrt
dayly apon him more and men- through hi« nge, he iwhcited
the Ephorcs so, tliat ho pcntwaded them to scnde a garrison
thither : and him sclfc taking the char^ tif thetn, undei^
tooke the jomey straight with his men. But aflerwardes
they sent kinge PausaninK also with an army thither, who
was to fctchc a great comnatsc almut to enter into the
contriuof Bu!otia,by mount Cithneron: and Lyttander shoulde
goe to meete him through the oontr>' of rhocides, with a
great company of Houldiers besides. Now as Lrsaader went^
ho tooke the city of the Orchomenians, who vnllinsly y«eld«d
them selves to him as soone as he came Uiither. ftoni thmcc
he went to the city of L^badia, which he spoylcd : and from
thence he wrote itnto king PRUiuinias, that departing from
Plaices, he should march directly to the city of Aliarte,
where he would not failc to mecte him the next momii^
by breake of day at the tnwne walles. These letters were
intcnrepted by ccrtaine skowtw of the Thdians, who met
with the ines-teiigcr Hint cnried them. Thus the lliehana
having intelligL'TiL-e of th«.'ir |Hirpose, left their citie in custodte
unto the Atlieaiann wh« were come to aide them : and de-
parted out of Thelies at>out midnight, and marched all night
with great speede, that they came to Aliarte in the morning
a litle before Lysander, and put halfe their men into the
dtic. Now for Lysander, he was dctemiincd at the first to
kccpc his men apon a hill which is ncrc to the city, and there
to tary the comming of king Pausanias. But aflerwards,
when ne isawe that the day was farre spent, and that he
came not, he could tary no longer, but arming him sclfe,
after he had made an oration unto the confederate* which
360
4
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
he bad broi^ht «ith him, he marched on with his men iii LYSANDER
battel) ray, fonser then large, by the hidi way that went
unto the city. In the meane season, the Thebans that were
left without the city, leaving Aliarte on the left hande, did
set uppon LvsfUiders rerewajxlc of his army against the foun-
tuinc railed Cissusa : when? the PocU fainc that tlic nurses Cubum font.
of Biuxhus did washe him, when he came out of his mothers
wombe, bicause the water thnt oommoth out of it (though it
be very dcre and swi-etc to drinke) hath notwithstanding (I
can not ti-ll by what mmn<?i)a cullour like wine: kikI not
farre from tliencK thi^n_- gniw great plenty of Stvmp trw».
The which tlie Aliartian^ do allenge, to prove that Kndiunaii-
thus heretofore dwelt tn that {larte, and aoc shew hu sepulchre
there yet to thi^ day, which they caJl Alea. And hard by
that also, there ia the monument of Alcmena, which wm
buried (as they say) in that place, and was man'ed to Rada<
manlhus, after the death of Amphitiyon. But tlic 'i'hebanfl
who were within the city with the Aliartians, stirred not
untill they sawc that Lysandcr with the 6rst of his troupe
WAS necrc unto the towne walles ; and then opening the
gates on the sodaine, they made a saliv out upon Lysander,
and ^lue him with his soothsnier and a few other, bicause L^-wndir
the most jMirt of the voward fled, into the stn-nfflh of the nUin* hy the
battel, Howln-it the Tin-buns gave thorn not over so, but 'Hipbnn*.
followed them no vidiiinHy, that they brake their order, and
made them all flie through tlie mountaines, <ifttT they hud
slaine three thousand of them in the field : w weiv tlirre three
hundred Thebans also staine there, who followed tlwir enemies
so fiercely, till they recovered stxaight narrow wiuc!<, of gre^it
strength for them. These Uiree hundred w(-re in nian<-r all
those that were suspected in Thohes to favor the I^aveiliv-
monians secretly : wherfore, for the desire they had to take
away this opinion from their citizens, they hazarded tliem-
Rclvcs to no pumose, and were cast away in this chase. King
Paiisanios heard newos of this overthrow, going from Platees
unto Thcspies, and went on further, mareliing still in battel
rav towanis Aliarte, where Thrasybulus also arrived at the
selfe same time, bringing the aide of tlie Athenians from
1^ebe$. And when Pausunias was pur]>osed to send to aske
361
LYSANDER
To iwkn lcar«
of then emit)
to burye the
deade U (li»-
booonUe.
Ljnumileri
himbe.
OpIltcH n.
Dertiiiie iii-
eviuble.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
Itwnoe of the encmtei to take away the bodies of tliedr men
which they bad sJaine, to tbint«nt to bury them : Uie aide
Sputans that were in bis array, misliking it much, at Uie
first were angry in them selves. But afler«ardes they went
unto the kine him selfe, to tell him that he dishonored
Sparta, to oflcr to take up Lysanden bodie by hb eneraies
leave and favor, and that he should valliantly reco\'er him
by force of anncs, and honorably burie him, after that he
had overcome their enemies : or else if it were their fortune
to be overthroweii, that vet it should be more honorable
for them, to lye dead in tui; field by tiieir Caubiine, then to
luke lejive to take up hiit IxkIv. But notwitlisttuiding all
these wonles of t)>c old men, king PauKaoias M-cinf; that it
WAS a Iiard matter to overcome the Thebans in battell, now
that they had eotten thv victory, and furthermore, tluit the
b<K)y of I.yHitnaer Lay hard bv tiie walU of Aliarte, and ttuit
lie could not come to take it away witliuut great (Iniinger,
although they should win the Iiattell : he sent a herauKl to
the enemies. And having made truoe for certaine dayes,
he led his armv away, and tooke up Lyaanden body with
liiin, and burieifihim after they were out of the confynea of
Ikeotia, within the territory of the Panopcians: where mitill
this day his tombe reniaincth npon the high way, goinge
from l)L-lphea unto the city of Charonea. Thus Pausaniaa
campe being lodged there, it ie sayd there was a Phocian,
who reporting the battell unto one that was not tlicrc, sayd
that toe enemies came to gcvc a charge upon them, tut
Lysaader hod pmssed the Oplitex. 1'hother wondring at
that, there wa< a SpartAn a very frend of Lysandeni by,
having heard all their taike, a«ked him what that wiw
which he called Oplitcw: for tltat he had not heard Uiat
word named iK-fnre, What? nuiiswered the Phocian to
hira agajne. Even there it was when^ Ute encmic* did orer-
Uirow the fintt of our men which were tilaini; in the lieldes :
for the river that runneth by the waller of the dty, is called
Opiites. 'Vhi- Spartan hvaniig that, hun>t out of weping for
sorrow, saying: lljeji I see it is unixtssible for a man to
avoyde his detttinie. For Lysander aforetime bad an oracle
that tolde him thus :
sea,
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Lynuder, take good heede, cum« not I Dive advist! : LYSA>IDBB
Neora OpIitH tbiit rivi>n baiicke*. in aiiy kiude of wise.
Nur neeru the Dnucuu he, >v)iidi U tbe eartli Im (oune,
^Vhu ikt llie leiigtli oill ihee &^8huIi, anil ou tliy bncke will ronne.
Howi'bcit some tnki- it, that this river of OpIitiM is not
thnt which p»s!R-tli by the wallvs of AliartA.-, but it itt Hie
rivur thut ruiinuth iii.-i.ti- unto tho city of Coroncn, tttid faUeth
into the river of Phlinrus, linrti by Utc city : and they sav PlUi«ru8 fl.
tiiat ill oldc time it wjw calU-d Hoplim but now they mil it Hoplii,
IxoiiiaiituH. He tliat slm- l-ywunltr, wiw iin Alinrtiaji called I»<»n»»«>tii».
N«^iii-liorus, who tiirii-d n I)ragi>n |)atnti-(i a|xm liis target : NMchuru*
and this was that which the onide of liki-lyhoo<le did sigiiific. ■l"" Lywn-
Thcy say also, tlmt in the time of the warres of I'clopon- *'•'■■
nesus, the 'Iltebans had an oracle from the temple of Apollo
IfoneniaB : which oracle did prophecy the hattcll which they
w&nne by the ca&tcll of Uelium. and the battel) of Aliturte
also, which was thirty yearcs after that. The effect of that
oracle was this :
IV'lieu tbuu liiy nets Hhalt spread, tlie wolven tor to lutrtippe :
Beware tlivu come uut ueere unto, a title hill liy liappe,
Of OrcliBllde, Nor ii«er«i, to any hU confyiiw :
For there, the crnfly foxes keepe, th»ir dmiic* nnd privy miimL
He calleth the territory that is about Deliuni, the utter-
moet Gontynes, hicause Btrotia doth confine there with the
contry of Attica: and the hill Orclialide which is now <,-nllcd
Alopecon (to say the foxe dennr) which Ueth on tliut ittde of
the dtic of Aliartc, that looketh towurdes mounte Helicon.
Lynindcr being itlaine, tbe S|>artaiis tutikc hia dmth ho ill,
that they would have condemns) king IViMinias of trea»on
by law: who dimt not abide the tryall, but fled unto the
citie of T^'«, where he ended the iv«t of his life within the
Nuictuarie of the tem]ile of Miner>'a, ^Vhen Lyaander was
dead, his povertje apjieared to the world whicn made his
vertue faire more famous, than when he lived. For then
they aawe, that for all the pold and silver which had passed
through his hands, for all his great authority and counten-
aunce that he had eained, and for all that so many cities and
towDcs did oome to honor him, and briefly, for al that he hod
263
Orchalide
moat.
lIoliconmoDa.
Willi.
Lyundtrni
cIcAne hanilM
niid povertie
romm ended
lifter hii
death e.
LY3ANDER
coun«ell for
tillcrfngofthi
klngdoit).
LocratitU*
wiwliMn fbf'
bearing to
shewe ex-
tr«mitle to
the ilead«.
LynnUcr
huuorcd hy
the Sputam
kfter nla
Sitifflenai of
life, l«te
iBoriaffe, aad
111 msriam
piiiiiBhM bjr
the LM»d»-
manJuis.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
HO great fuid puissant a kingdom in maner in liiN luuids : yet
he did never enrich nor increase his house with no much,
as one farthing. So writeth Thcopompus, whom we should
rather beleve u-hcii he piuiscth, then when he discommendeth:
for commonly he takctb more delitt- to dispraise, then to
praiw any. It fortuned not lon^ aftw, as Ephorus writeth,
that the LAcedu^mouians and their coiifederatt; fcl ut variance
together, wlierupon Lvsanden; Icttens were to Ik? spciie tltat
were in his house. Kiiigi- AgcsilauM guingc thitlier to pt-nwe
them, iimoiigeKt uther writingcu, fouiide the oration pvJincd
hy Ck-on HaliuLrnoMtftu whidi Lj-sandcr had prepared to
pcnwude the Spnrtaii.s to ctiauiige tlieir government, and to
declure unto tneni Uiat tliey shoulde revoke the prerogative
which tiie Kurytiontides and the Agiades had : tliat the
kingea of S])arta could not be choeen but out of those two
fiunilies, and to leve the prerogative at hbcrty, that the
cbiefest tnagistrats miglit be laiitiilly ehosen kiiig« of Spnrta.
Agesilaus stood indifferent to have snewed this oration openlj^
to the people, that the Spartans might si-e what manner a
citjn:n Lytandcr h«l bene in hia hurtc But Lamttidiu, a
grftve wiKc niiui, rutil prvniili-nt at tliat time of the cmmm-l of
the Kphori, would nut Niil!i-r him : saying, that he dioulile not
digge Lynandor out of his grave againe, but rather hurv his
oration with bim, that was so passingly welt, and eloiiuentty
permed to pcrswade. Yet notwithstajidinge, they did bim
great honor afler his death : and omongest others, condemned _
two citizens in a grest summc of money, that were made su
to two of his daughters while he lived, and refused to marye
them when he whs dead, seeing their father dyed »o poore :
biciuisc they sought tn malche tn hiK house, supjjosing he
had bene riehe, and furvooke tlivm oflcrwardes for their
fatbcnt itovcrty, when they mw lie dyed a good and jiut
man. 'I hu» we see, that at Sparta there was a puni»bmciit
for them tluLt did not marv, or that maryed too late, or that
maried ill : and unto this puni^liment were tliey inoitt
subject, that sought great matches for oovetouanca
of goods, 'inis is all we hare to wiyte of
Lysanders life and acteo.
264
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
THE LIFE OF SYLLA
UCrUS CORNELIUS SYLLA was of the Sj.lU«
mtc of the Patriciftns, who be the nobli- •""r*^-
tucn und K'^iithtncn of Roitif : nnd there
wiu one of his auiici'^tcrs ivilleil Uufinus,
that obtaiiMx) the dignity of Coiutil. He
notwithi^iding his Coii»ul!»hippc, wannv
more dishonor by defam«, then iti; oliUuiwxl
honor by dignity of ('onsull. For tliey
finding in his house above t«n powndes worth of plate,
contrary to the lawe at that time expressely forbidding it:
he was expuls«d the Senate, and lost his place there, after
which dishonor once received, his issue never roec, nor yet
nicovered it. And Sylla him sclfc had very Htic Icil him by
hie fath<.T: so that m his youth he was fainc to hyer an
other manx house, and sat at n smalt rent, as afterwards
he was twitted in the teeth witluill, nhen they «aw him
riclicr tfien thoy tliotight he Iwid deserved. For when he
gloried and boasted of the victory at his rctumc &om the
warrefl of Afrtck, there was a noble man that sayd unto him : SyllsM
Why, how iit it possible thou shouldest be an honest man, '""i*«tj' >»■
that having nothing left thee by thy father, tlioii arte now [J,"'^'^"^ ,|7t,,,
come to have so much? Now, though Home had left her grrnt wfiilth
auncient justice and purencs of life, wherewith she brought
up her people in former times, and that their hartes were
poysoned with covetous desire of vaine superfluous delitea:
yet notwithstanding, it was as fowtc a rcproche to them that
did not maintaine thorn selves in the poverty of their fathers,
OS unto them that did consume their patrimony, and bring
all to naught which their ]>nrentes had left them. But
afl^^Twurdes ui»o whui be caried the whole sway in Rome,
and that he had put »o many meii to death : a free man
being borne of tiic slaves infraochi#cd, and being ready to be
throwen downe the rocke Tarpeian, bicaune ne had tuxved
aiid hidden one of the outlawes and men procUumed to be
3:LL 96S
STLLA
That la. bU
cluw tliat ti/l
in Itnea, tijt-
iiili«th aker,
which becum-
cth mA wImd
it It put to tlie
lire, Aiid lh«r-
tore sytlaceus
oolor ill vitni-
ria, KigniliDth
purple
colour.
^UaM
•Koang.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
put to clefttii, wlieresoever they vere foutxi : cast it iii Syllaea
teetli, how that they had lived and dwelt together a long
time ill one selfe house, he having payed thowsande Numnios
for tlie rent of the uppcrmust roomes of the same house, and
Sylla three thowsanci for all the ncathermost roomes beneath.
So that bctwpDc both their wcatthra, there was but onely
two thowsande and liftic Dr(u;hnias of Athens difFericncc.
And this is that we tiiide in wr^'ting of his first wcultb. As
for his stature and pertone, that appcorctb sufficiently by tho
statiK^s and images that wcrv made for him, which vet
rcmaine. But for hid eves, they were like (ire, and wonaer-
full reddc : and the colour of his face withall, made them
the more feorefull to beholde. For he •fa» i-opjier noued,
and that was full of white streakes here ami there : wliere-
iippon they say tliat the suroame of a Sylla was geven him,
by reason of his cwlour. And there was a jeaster at Athens
tfiat (inely mocked him in his verse :
Sylla Is like a blaeke Bery spriiickled with ineal«.
It is not amiMC to M>arch mit the natural! disposition of
this ninn by Kiich outward markes and tokens. It is snyd
also timt he wiu mi nntiinilly geven to iniM-Jic and jcast, tliat
being a yotinc nian inikiiow'en, he would never be out of the
eoniuany of mayersi, foole^ and toniblent, but Hill eating and
tippling witli them in dissolute manner. And afterwarde*
alito when he waa in his ehiefest authoritie, lie would
ooinnionlv eatc and dritike with the most impudent je«.tters
and sfoflere, and all such rakchcllcs, as made ]>rofe8aion of
counterfeate mirth, and would strive with the baddest of
them to gcve the finest moekcs: whcrin he did not only a
thing uncomely for his yeres, and dishonored the majesty
of his office and iliguity, but therby also grew carel«S8C
and negligent in matter; of great importance, whennito ho
should have tiikcn g^Kid rcganl. For after he was once scttc
at his table, he was not to be moved any more in matters of
weight. Now, though from the table he was commonly
found both very active, painefull, tmd severe: yet falling
into ftucli com))Any by drinking, bowsing, and making good
chere, he sodainly lieeanic an other mnner of man. So that
966
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
without all cotnpitssc of niodvsty and judgcmpiit, he wns too SYLLA
fumiliar slid convermuiit with players, jcasU-rs, tumblt*r$,
nii(] (Inunscrs : whu wheu tlicv luul him tn tliat vnine, miglit ^
doe whnt they would with him. Of this ryutiii<; came (in SylUo* volup- .
mine u|)inioii) his vice of Ictchiiy, whfrciiiito he w(w greatly tuoaimei.
geven, and eiuily draweti aftt-r hivc and (il»-«»iire; in sudi
sorte, as hi.i gray hmres eotild nut rvKtraiiii- hiK voluptuous
Hfe. Hi» unlawlull liuting love iK.'gantie in his young yeaiva,
with one Metrobius a eonnnon player, whieh iitretehed on
increasing hb amorous desire until! hi^ latter age. For at
the first nc loved Nicopolia a rich curtlsan : and frequenting
her company hy oft occesse, and besides that lie spent the
prime of his beawty and youth in feasting her with great
delight and passing pleasure, she afterwardcs bceanie in love
with him, so that when she dyed, kIic made Sylla her heine of
all ohv had. He wus heire also imto his mother in lawv,
who lovc^ hini r« her owiiv iM-gutten sonne : and by thcne
two good happcM hv was sti*])t up to pretic wodth. Aflcr-
waraett bcingi? dioiten (^uii.«tnr (t<> say trcusorer) the (irat Sylla
time that MiiritiK wiis Consull, he cinlmrked with him in hix Quawtor.
i"omey into Afrieke, to wiirre with kitigx- Iiigurthe. When
le was arrived at the camjH-, he .sliewed him xelfe a man of
great service in all other ttiinges, but in this especially, that
Be could wisely use the lienefit of any occasion offered him,
and thereby wanne Bocchus kinge of the Numidians to be his
fast and fsithfull frende: whose Ambassadors, that scnped from
a company of Numidiaji theeves he curteously entertained, Tlie r-*uie of
and having gevcii them go<}dly prescntes, sent them backe B""''"'?
againe witJi a safe convoy. Now conceminge kinge Bocchus, JJ/g 'X^*^
he had of long time both hated and feared king lugurthv
his Sonne in law : in^iomiich, that after he was overcome in
Ixittell, luid came to him for succor, Bocchus practisetl tirasun
againxt him, and for thin cause sent socretly for Sylla, de-
siring rather that lugurthe should be bikcn (iy Syllm then by
him selfe. Sylla brake this matter unto Afurius, of whom
having received a small number of souldici'N to acir'im[Miiy
him, (without respect of jierill or daunger) went and com-
mitted him selfe to the faith and fidelity of one harbarou.s
king, to take an other: coimdering abo tliat the king uhum
267
SYLLA
lugurtho (tfr-
Uveied unto
SylU by kiu(ce
Bocchut,
Thotuir of
tAKinfte
Meribed uiito
SjrllMD noble
d«edrii under
Man UN.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
he trusted wait so unjust of liin word, even unto hb neerest
frends a»d <y>nfederat(4. Now !)f>cchiui having lugurtiie
and Sylla both in hU jiower, and brought him aeUc to that
pinch that of neces&itj he muAt betray the one or the other :
(iftcr lie had taken good breath to resolve which of the two
he should dctde withall, in thcnd went on with his first plat
and devise of treason, and so delivered lugurthe into .SyllaM
huiid(«. In dcedc Marius triumphed ^r taking of king
lugurthu: but his evill wtllers, for the spight and grudge
they baro him, did attribute the glory and honor of lugurthes
taking wholy unto Sylla. Tliat secretly went to Marius
horte, and N{)ecially for tiiAt SvlU being high minded by
nature (conmiing then but newly (nmi a base, obscure, and
unknowen life to be knowvn and well accepted of the people
in Itome, and to tadt aIm) what honor ment) became so
umbitious and ouvetouii of glory, that he caused the story to
be graven in a ring, which he did ever after use to wcarc
And aeale withall. Where king Bocchus was delivering of
lugurthi' unto Sylla, and Sylla also receiving lugurthc
pnsotlcr. These Uiinges misliked Marius much : but not-
withstanding, judging that Svlla wa.i not so much envied lu
him telfcT, lu- tookc him with fiim unto the warns. Marius in
his secomle ConsiiUhi]), nxulc Sylla one of his Lieutetutuntes:
and in hin third Con^uUhipui-, he had charge mtder him of a
thousand footenien, and aid many notable and profitable
exploytes for him. When Sylla was his Lieutenaunt, he
to^e one Copillua, a general! of the Gaulea Tectoeage^
And when he was Colonell of a tliowsande footemen, he
brought the Marsians (a marvelous great contry of people ia
Italic) and perswaded them to remaine good frendes, and
confederates of the Itomaines. For this his good service,
he foundc that Marius grcwc in great misliking with him,
bicaiuc from thence forth he nci'VT gave him any bonomble
diargf, or occasiun to xbewe giwd iwrvice: but to the
cotitniry, did what he ronld to hinder hi.-* ritiing. Wbea©-
fore, Sylla all.Twardis tiK)kc Cl^atuluit LuctatJuc p«rt«, who
was comimnion with ftlariua in hin (ronHtdAliip|»f. This
Catulus was a very honest man, but Kooiwltat slocke and
colde in manthall mattcra, which was the cause that in deede
268
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
be did comtuitte unto Sylla all the speciall service, and
mftttcrs of weight in his charge : whereuppon he gave him
oecwion not ondy to incrviise his estimacion, but aUo his
endit and power. For, hy force uf nHnes, he conquered the
most (Hirte of Ok bttrbtutms pwule which inhabited tlic
mountuiiK-s of the Alpcs: and Cntulu.t cain|H: lucking vittellti,
having cummi-vtion, he nimk* a marvelous gn-nt quantity of
pravixion to Im? brought thither, iii»oinuch m Catiilus catnpe
being plentifully vittelled, they sent tht?ir utore and xur-
plusage unto Mariuit souldiers, tJie which Sylln liim wife
wrj'teth, did much miHlikc Marius. And this is tiie ftmt
cauae of their cnniitv. The which being grounded upon so
light occasion, was followed with civill warres, great emiaion
of blood, and with incurable factions and dissentions: that it
vndcd at the length with a cruel! tyraniu-, and confusion of
all the Romainc state and Empire. This doth prove that
F.uripidt-H th« Poet was a wihc man, and one ttuit foresaw
the minus uf common wealcs, when hv counselled, and alw
comiiuundvd governors to Hie ambition, m a inoi^t pestilent
and mortall furie unto them that are once infecU>d with^dl.
Now Sylla thinking that the reputation he hjul gotten
already in the warros, would have made his way open to
Ereferre him to some honorable office in the city of Kame :
ems no sooner returned from the warres, but he would
needn prove the peoples good willcs unto him, and procured
his name to be bilicti among them that sued for the l*nctor-
shippc of the city (that is to say, the office of the ordinary
juage that ministreth justice unto the citizens) hut he
was rt^ectvd by the voycc of the people. For the which he
Uyed the fuultc uppon the meaner sortc, saying, that the
commuiMiIty knew well enough the frend»hip[>c he had with
king Biicchu.s and that therefore they hopinge that if he
were made /Kdilis Iwfore he came to be Prator, hi- would
make them see noble huntinges and great tightinge^i of wildc
beastea of Libya. And that therefore they did uiooae other
Prstors, and put him by his sute, in hope to compel
him by this meanes to be first of all ^Kdilia Howbeit it
sccmefli that be doth not confcssc the troth of his reAuiall,
for his owne act doth cotHlemne him sclfe : btcauae the next
9G9
SYIXA
CatuW
The lirct cause
of enmity be-
lwe« SylU
■ui) Mori 11*.
Ambition Sb to
be Hed, at k
mortal) forle.
SVLLA
Sylln chosen
Orobacus
Ambaamdar
Irom th« king
oftkaPar-
thiuw unto
SylU.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
yen following be was chosen Pnttor, pttrtcly for that hv won
the iK-oplc with curU%iv, anil partcly with monvy. So bej
fulHiigi- t>iit with Cii-«nr ii|h)ii tlmt occasion, in his iini
thn-AtmsJ him tlint he nuultic use thv power antl uuthonty
of hiK ollicc tt|H)n him. But Ca'mu* sniihng, luinxwered him :
Thuii host reason to call it thine ollicv, for in deetie it is
thine, hiuiiiw tliou haat bought it. But after tlie time of
his Pi'a;ton(hi|)))e was expimt, he was -lent with an army
into Cappadocia, colouring his voyngu thither with com-
mission to restore Ariobarzanes into his kingdom agsine:
howbeit thonly cause of bis jomey was in deede to suppresse
kinge Mithriaates a litle, who tookc too many thinges in
hande, and incrcfued his power and dominion with a new
signiory of no Icsse grcatncs, tb(.*n tltat wliich he had before.
In trotn be bruueht no great army out of ItAlie with him,
but he wjw faiuifulty holjK-n by the eoiifcdenites of tile
Komaiiics in every plnw, through whion- aide he <iverthrewc
n grvat nundxT of the (^pjindociiuii!. and anrrvrardi^ also a
greater numlier of the Arntenimis, which cAme in liki- ca.te
to aide them ; so tliat he expulsed Gordiits king of I'hrygia
out of C'uppadot^ia, and restored Arioharieant-H to his realiiic
againe. After which victory, Sylla remained by tlie river of
Kiiphrates, and thither came unto him one Orobazus a
I'arthiim, Ambassador of Arsaces, king of the I'arthians.
Now these two nations, the Romaincs, and the I'arthians,
were never frendvs before : and that with other thinges
shewed the great good forttme Sylla had, that the Parthians
came firet to him by his meunes to sci-ke frendshippc with
the Ilomaines. Tltey sity, that rrceinng tJiis Aml>as«Mior
Orob«uiu», he made tlin-v chavrc;» to be brought out, the
one for king Ariolwrxane*, tlii.^ other for Ortibiuttu th«
AmbuBudor, and the third for him nelfe, which he placed
in the middest bctwene them both, and sitting downc lit
the same, gave audietK'e unto the Amliassador: for which
cause th<' knig of Partliia afterwardes put f )rob«iHis to death.
Some d<H.- comnu-nd Sylla for this acte, for tiiat he kept his
state in micIi majestv among the barliarous people. Other
do reprove hi& ambition iii it, shewing him selie stately out of
time, and to no purpose. We doe read tiiat a soothsayer of
370
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Chaldon being in OrobAztix trnuie, tinving diligently viewed 8VLLA
and considered the phiMtognomy of SvHiS and ull fiio other
movinges Hnd gcstturcs uf mittdv and body, to judge not l>r
the clyinHte of the contry, Init nccording to the rules of httt
arte wh«t his nature nhould be : all well conHidered of, he
wyed thut Sylla one dny must needed oome to he n great
niAn, and that he niarv'eled how he could suffer it that he
wns. not even then the chiefest man of the worlde. When
Sylla was returned againe to llonie, one Censorinua Accused SylU moeiued
him of extorcion, that be had caried away a great summe of o'wtOTdnii.
money with him, contrary to the lawe, out of one of their
confederates contry : howebeit he prosecuted not his accusa-
tion, but gave it over. In the mcanc time, the enmity
bcgcmne betwixt him and Marius, kindled againe uppon a
oew occiuion of king Bocehus funbition : who partcly to
crccpc further into Uie peoples favor of Rome, and partcly
also for to gmtifie Sylla, gave and dedicated ccrtainc images
of victory oirying tokens of triumphe, uiito the temple of
lupiter Cnpitolin, and next unto them also the image of
lugtirtlie, which lie deliverc<l into the handes of Syllo, being
all of pure giildi-. This did so offende Marius, that he
attempted to take thein away by force: but (lUient did
defend the cause of Sylla. So that for the quarrell of th«»e
two, Uie dty of Rome taking aimea, had like to have brought Civil] warn*,
all to ruine: had not the warres of the confederals of ItiUie
bene, which of long time did kindle and smoke, but at the
length brake out into open 6ame and sedition for that time.
In this marvelous great warre which fell out very daungerous,
by sundry misfortunes and great losses to the Itomaines,
^larius did no notable exploytc : whereby it appeareth, that
the vcrtuc of warlike discipline Iwith nccdc of a strong, lusty,
and able body. For Sylla to the contrary, having done
notable scrviec, and obtained many profitable victories, wanne
the fmne and extimacion among tlie Komaines, of a noble
eouldicr, and wortiiy Capt^iiiie: and among tlienemics them
Belves, of « most foitunale num. Notwithatonding, Sylla did
not a.H Timothcua Athcriiao, the sonne of Conoii had done:
who, when hi.t advenaricit luid ill willent did Attribute his
noble deedcs unto the favor of fortune, and did uaintc
«7I
SYLU
llM<rthBna
AtkMlBO,
would not
nttributu tliii
(tlorjr of his
fiHtuiie.
Sj-IU give
foctutwtbe
tumor of bII
UtdologM.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
fortime in table*, that brou^t lata sll the cities taken and
itnarvd in neU wltilest ht sk-pt : )k tookc it in very ill pftrtc-,
and wan uiarvelotin aiigrii- uiUi tlicm tlmt did it, saying, that
they nibbed him of the glory Uiat jlt^tly hcloufiwl unto him.
Wherefore in>e day when this 'I'iinotliftis wivi rvluniiti frum
the wan'es with grest victories, after he had openly ac-
auainted the Athenians with the whole ducourse of his
oinga in his voyage, he sayd unto them : My Lordea of
Athens, fortune hath had no psrtc in all this which I have
told unto you. Hereupon the goddes it should »ccme were
so angry with this foolish ambition of Timotheus, that t>c
never atUTwarden did any worthy tiling, but all went utterly
againtt the hears wiUi nim : tintiU at the length he came
to be HO hated of the people, tliftt in theod tiier banished
him from Atlienn. But Sylla to the contrary, did not only
padently abide their woraes tliat wiyed, he wa<t a happy
man, and itingularlv l>eIoved of fortune : but also increasmge
tliis opinion, and gIor)-ing as at a Hpeciall grace of tlic goddea,
did attribute the honor of his doings unto fortune, either for
a vaine glory, or for that he had in isnsy, that tJie goddes did
prosper nim in all his doinges. For he wrote him selfe in
bia commentaries, that the cnteniriscs which he hazarded
most hottely, according to the so(Iaine occasion offcnx), did
better pros[)er with him, then those which by good lulvise he
had determined of. Fitrlhemiorr, when ho wiyil that he wa*
better bonie unto fortune, then t<.> the warres : it seeineth
tliat he confewed nil his prospi-rity came rather by fortune,
tlien by his worthinesso. And to conclude, it appeareth
that he did wholly nubmit him selfe tinto fortune, acknow-
ledging tiiat be dill altogetlior depend upon her : considering
that he did attribute it to the special! grace aiul favor of tlie
goddes, that he never disagreed with Metellus his fatlier in
law, vbo was a man of like dignitie and autboritie as him
selfe was. For wUen it was thought he woulde have bene a
grefttc hindercr of his doings, he found him verie ciu^coua
and gentle in his behalfe, in all that they had to deale in
togetlwT, by reason of the .todctic of tlieir offid-. And
furthermore, in his comnn-nlariiw which Ite d«I)c-iit«l unto
Lucullus, he cminwlted him to thinckc nothing more wrteine
«72
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
and aatiured, then that which the godcles tthould rereale unto
him, and conimaunde him in his niehtea dreame. He
wryteth also that when lie was sent witJj an anny unto the
warreB of the confederates, the earth sodainly opened ahout
Lavema, out of the which immcdiatly came a man-elous
bright Same of fire that ascended up to Hie element. The
wise men being asked their opinions about the Mune, made
aunswcre : that a very honest, and also a mnrvclmis favcr
man of complexion taking sovcrHiiH- uuthorilic in his handcs,
should pocifie all tumiiU<» and Htiition which were at that
time in Rome. WhercupoD Sylla saycd it was him twlfc
whome the gtxide* ment, nicaune that nmongett other things
hv iuul tliitt lingular gift of l>eawty> Utat his heare wa» velluw
a.-< guide : and hi; was not aihanied to name him st-lfe an lKine»t
man, afler he had woiine so many notable great victories.
Thus have we sufficiently spoken of the trust he had in the
favor of the goddes. And furthermore, he seemed to be very
contrary in his manners, and unlike to him selfe. For if tie
tooke away much in one place, he gave as much more also in
an other. Some ho preferred without cause : and others he
put downe without rea»on. He would be very gentle to
them, of nhomc he would have ought : and unto those that
sought of him, he would stand much apon his honor, and
lookc for grvat reverence. \Vherby men could luutlly
dticcnu: his nature, whether pride or flatt4.-ry did more
abound in him. And as for the inequality he used in
puniKhing of them that had offended him : sometimes he
nanged up men for very small and light causes : Some other
times againc to the contrary, he panently aboade the most
grievous ofTences in the worlde : and ligntly pardoned and
foi^ftve ftuch faultes as were in no wise to be forppven. And
afterwards againe would punish right small crimes, with
murders. efTiision of blood, and confiscation of goodcs. This
judgement may be geven of him : that by noture he had a
maucjous and a revcn;;ing minde : yet notwithstanding he
qualified that natundl bitternes with reason, geving phu'C to
necessity, and his bent-fit. For in tliis warre of tJie con*
federates, hi« souldiei-s kIuc Albintis one of hi.i IJeutenauuteH,
beating him to death with stavm and ^tonex, being a man of
3 1 MM 278
SYLLA
SyllMsbdAft
ill dr«ain«fi.
A ■trauoKO
■i)(ht ap-
ueurod to
SyU*
SylJattrsunge
Of condicloM,
SYLLA
SylU choiten
Met«lluit
chiefe blfthop
of Romv, »
mnridd iDKii.
SfUoM wivM.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
good iiuiOity, and one that liad bene Prstor. This great
olTeiioc lie pnaited over with icileiice, using no niiuuiiT of
puni»hini-nt, and turned it to a boaat in the end, sn^Hng,
that hia n>en were the more obedient and diligent in any
peece of service that was to be done, and that he nuidc tliem
amende their faidtea by worthy service. And furthcnnore,
he did not rcRarde them that did reprove him : but havinge
determined with him aclfc to destroy Marius, und to procure
that he might be chosen general! in the wnrres against king
Mithriduti.'s, bimuse Uiat this wane of the confederats was
now ended ; for this cause he flatt«'rwl and riirried favor with
his MHiKlicrt that served iindvr him. At his retume to
Home from tliew warrwi of the C(>nfe<ierate«, he was chosen
('onitull with Q. Pnm|>ciuii, being then Hfty yeare olde, and
maried with Ctecilta a nohle Ladie, ajid MetcUus daughter,
who was then chicfe bishnppe of Rome, for which mariagv
the common jieople sane songea and ballades up and downo
Home against him : ana many of tlie noble men envied him
for it, thinkinge him unworthy of so noble a Ladic, wltom
they thought worthy to be Consul, as Titus Livius sayth.
Now she was not his only wife, for ho had a yotmg wife
before called Ilia, by whom he had s daughter. After her
he Duirii-d MViti, then a thirdc called Cn.']ia, whom he nut
away bieau.se she brought him no children. But notwitli-
KtAiiiling ^he Went honorably away from him with veir good
wwrde-t of her, htstides many otnvr goodly riclie gifl«s he
gave her : howbeit altortly after he maiied Metelu, which
made the worlde nuiipeet Uiat Caelia wa.4 put away for her
naughtinea. Howsoever it wa^, Sylla did ever honor and
love Metella: in.somuch as lliu |>eople of Ilome aflerwardea
making sute, that they Uiat were banished for .Mariiia
faction might K> called home againe : and being denied, and
refused by Sylla, they cried out witli open voyce for Mctclla,
praying her to hclpc them to obtaine their request. And it
Kcometli idso that wlien he had taken the city of Athens, be
dt^lt more crui-llv with them, bieaiise that some of them had
scoffed at Metella from the walles: howbcit that was after-
warden. So Sylla making his reckcning at that time tliat
Uie C4)tt«ul»hippc was a small matter, in comparison of that
if74
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
which he looked for ia tipw; to coidf : was marvelous
desirous to go ngniiift MithridnU-s. But thcrrin Msriu»
also, of a mad furiuti^ iiinbitiini uiid ccivi'tousncs of gloi^
stoodc i^ttinst him, oiiil Mied to f^oe Ui»t jomcy in like
manncT, uviiig suljjcct to Uiosti; pa.tt(jonit, whiilt iK-vcr wnxe
oldtf, OS wi- inav dnjly »ee hy exjiericiicf. For Iwiiig now a
tt«nvv inHii, xicVly uf body, aud broken iit st-rvico itbrmtde in
till- wftire-i, from the which he came but newly hmnc, and
brutted moreover with age: did notwithstanding >vt aspire
to have tlie charge of the warres so farre of beyond Uje »ea».
Wherfore, to obtainc his purpose, whilcst SjUa was gone n
litle unto the campc to gcve order for ccrtaJnc thinges that
were to be done, hi- rcniaiiiing in the city, did practise tJiis
pestilent mortall sudition, which alone did more hurtc
unto the city of Itonn-, then all tin? fiiMnivfi that Home cvei'
had: tlicwhich tlie goildcs Ihtni selves IumI fiiivshcwcd by
many signer ami tokens. For lire tooke of it sclfc In the
staves of the enxignes, which they lind inudi a dca.' to
qiieru'he. Three ravens brought tlieir young ones into the
high way, and did eate them tip in tlie sight of many peojile,
and aflerwanies caried the earbagv they left of them into
their neaatefl. Kabi also having gnanen some juells nf guide
in a church, tlie aextens setting a trappc for them, a rat wan
taken full of young, and kendled bve yoimg rats in the
trappe, of the which she ate up three. But more yet, on a
&yer bright day when then* was no clowde ^eeiic in the
clement at all, men hetu'd sticli n shnr]> sound of a tronipet,
that tbcy were aImo*t all nut of their wittcs, for feare of so
great a noyw. \Vbereiip|X)ii the wise in<'ii mid .iiiotlisnyers
of Thusom Ijeiug asked tlieir opinions, toltie them : tlmt tlits
>o straungi* mid woiulerfull sigue did pronounce the c'Iinii;ige
of tJie worlde, and the departure out of this into an other
life. For they holde opinion, that there should be eight
worides, all contrary one unto an other, in manners and
facions of life : unto everj' one of tiic which savd they, Gotl
hath determioed a ccrtaine time of continuance. Howbeit
they all came to ende their course within the space of tile re-
volution of the great yeare : and that when tlie one is ended,
and the other ready to begin, there are iiecnc such wonder-
875
SYUA
Mariua foode
■mbitian.
Woiiaerittll
figav Mene
before tlie
civil 1 wurei.
TIk! 'I'llUHUIUII
[)i)iiiioii of
eiglit world en.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
3VIX(l ^" Htrauii)^' ngiiM on the oiuth, or in the dement. And
MUcIi (u have stiidivtl that science, dot- CLTtainvly know, as
suitttc lis int-ii Ik boriK-, which iin.- mciTc contiwry unto iite
first in Uu'ir lives nxul iimnirrs, and wltich nn- wUier more
or leswe luwjttwljle mito Uic p«i<li.-», tht-n Uuwc wjjicli lived
in formt^r a^i-. Foi- tiiey say, that omoiigeHt grwit cliaungea
and ftlteracions which are done in those places fix>in one
3^ unto an other, the science of divination and fore-
ling of thinges to come doth grow in reputacion, and
meetcth in their predictions, when it plcaseth God to send
moot certaine and nmnifest signea, to knowe and forctcU
thinces to come. And in contrariwise also in an other
affe it groweth to contempt, and loscth her reputation, for
that it is very roshe, and failcth to nieete with the most
parte of her predictions, bicause she hath but obscure
moani<s, iind afl her instruments dvfaccd, to kiiowc what
shoidd come. And these be the fables which the wise«t
■oothsayers of Thiiw^m re|x>rt(^^ nbruadc, imd they (iprciiilly,
who seemed to have some Miii^iler spceulutioo atlove «th<-n.
But m the Senate were talkinjf witli the soothsayers of the«e
wonders, iK-ing auM-mbltt) tofi^ther within tlie t^ple of the
go<Ide^e llellonn, a Hpnrrow uune flyin;; into the cliurche in
Hight of them all, ana corii^ a grft-tst-hupper ui her bill, and
pej-ted it in the niiddest, ana lefl onv parte within the
temple, and caried thother away with her, Where\ijion the
wise men and interpreters of such wonders, saied, that they
doubted a commotion and riaine of the contiy men against the
commons of the citie, bicousc the common people of the citic
doe crve out continually like grassGhoppers, ano the husband-
men uoc kcpc them selves upon their tandcK in the contry,
Thiis Mariiw grew great and very fainillicr, with Sulpitius, one
of the Tribunes of the ]}cople, who in all kimles of wiekedncs
and niiwhiofe that a man can ruckon, would gevc place to
no living creature : m that a man nedc not to sccke or de-
maund any where for a worse then he, but the question Ls
rathtiT wherein he him )telfe wa» not the wor»t«! of all otlu'm.
For he was full replet with all kindcs of cruelty, avarice,
and rashnes&e, and tJuit so extreami-ly, H-t he tared nut what
villany and wiekedncs he openly oomniitted, ito that the same
876
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
migbt tunic to his profit. For he bid si-t up a tahle in the
open market place, where he soldc freedomc, making slaves
iucl stratingcn denizens of Home for their money : and for
tbat purpose he entcrttkined a gord of three thowsand about
hiin, bcsi<Ies a Iwintl of voiing gentlemen of the ord<T of
kniglites tliat iitt^-iidcd (ifwnjcs apiin his persone nsady at
eoinniitundeinetit, wtiome he culled Uie ganli- a^jrainst the
Senate. And fiirtheniiore, him nelfe having named a lawe
by the voyce of the peojile, that no Senator should borrow,
nor ow, above two thowsande Drachmas : it was founde that
at the bower of his dentl], be dyed tliree millions of l>racluna8
in debt. This man nowe like a furious raging bea.st, l>eiDg
left by Marius amongest the people, turned all thinges topsie
turvey, by force of armes and mainc strength. He ntadc
aUo numy wicked lawes to posse by voyce of the people, and
uoongest others that one upecijilly, wherby he gave Mnrius
commiKtion to make warnw agaimt king Mitbritlatt's. For
which extreame uppreNsions and dcAlingc-t nf SuliiititiN, the
two ConiiuU (Sylla and Qtiintus PompL-iiiN) left of to heare
publike cau-ses, and ceased Uie cotiiinon euurti- of law and
lustice. And as they were one day occupied about the ad-
jomement of the law, in an open 8S!»embIy in the maritet
place, before the temple of Caator and Pollux : SuJuitius the
Tribune eame upon them with bis souldiers, and slue many
people, and among others, the Consult I'onijieius owne sonne,
and the father him selfc being C'onsull, bad mueh a doc to
save his life by flying. ^Vnd Sylln the other Constill, was
also pursued even mto Marius house, where he was compelled
to promise before his departure, presently to goc and revoke
thailjoniement of the law which he had before commaunded.
Thus Sulpitiu* having deiirivt-d Pompeius of his Con-iul-
t>hip|>e, did not depose Sytta, but only tookv from him the
diuge he had geven him lo make warres against Milhridnti-s,
Bad traiufevred that unto Marius. And (tending eolonelbt to
the dty of Nola to receive the array that lay there, and
to bring them unto Marius, Sylla prevented them, and fled
to the eampe before tbcni, and told the souldiers all what
had past, as it was in deedc : who when they heard it, fell
all to a tumult, and slue Marius ooloaells with stou^. Manus
m
SYLLA
Mnritu aiid
Sulmtius
•edition.
AU lave
ceased fur a
tim«i, by
FMuon of
RiitjiitiiiB (iji-
prrssioiii nud
wickwl Iswea.
SYUA
Sylla tnvcli-
lt«m«i with
MX l«)fioii«.
pMtliuinlui
tli« dfrviiie,
did profcno*-
ticatc virtoiy
unto Sjrlla.
la bia dreamt.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
on the otiier side put ftJI Syllaes frvnds to (Imtl) Rt Rome,
and tooke tlie spoyle of Ihuir goodes ami liiiu.tes: so vaa
there iiotliiiig ehv out tlyiiig from tlio uinipe to Home, and
ftXMn Rome to the muipc againe. 'I1ie Senate were in
manner beside them selves, not being able to ooverne as
they would, but driven to obey Marius and Sulpitius com-
uuuiiidcmi-ntes. Who be! n;^ advertised tliat %lla was comming
towiirdfs Home, sent strjifght two I'rictors unto him, Rnittis
mkI Svn-ilius, to commnund Iiiin a» from the Senate, to ap-
proeh no noan-r. IIr-sc twu Pnetors >ip«ke u IJtlr to boldly
unto Sylla: wliert-uppoii the »ouldien fell to a mutinv in
such (torte, that thev stoode indifferent whether to kill tiiero
preHctitly in tlit- lield or no, howbeit they brake their aies
and bundells of rodder] which were coned Iwfore tlii-in, and
tooke their purple rol>ea wherewith tht-y were appatvlled as
magistrates, from th<-m, and sent them home tnus shame-
fully handled and intreated. Uppon their retunie now to
Rome, their sadde silence only, and them selves so stripped
besides, of all their markes and tokens of Pnctorioll dignitie,
niiule all men then to judge thnt they brought no otbcr
nrwcH, but such &f were Uh' worst thiit pos.'^iulv could Ik.-:
and that there was no way then k-ft to piieiiie t)ii* scdittim,
whicli was now nltttgethcr utu-untble. \Vherefon' Marius
and hi« followmt iK'grm to make tlietn »elvf.s strong by force :
and Sylln, with his oompaniou Q. Pom|H-ius, deported in the
meane time from the city of Nola, and brougnt six entier
lemons on witji him, who desired no otiier thing but to
make hast to march to Home ward, Ilowbeit Svlla stoode
in doubt with him selfe what to do, thinking oi tlie great
daunger that might follow. Untill such time as his sooth-
saver Posthumius having considered the signes and tokens
of^the sacrilioes, which Sylla had made upon this determina-
tion, gave him both his handes, and bad him btnde them
liard, and shut him up fa^t, untill the day of battell diould
be patt : saying, that lie was c«ntentl^) to suffer dcntb, if he
hmi not good Kuw-i.'Nks and that out of hande, to Ilia gre«t .
honor. And it \» saycd also, that the same night
appeared unto Sylla in a dreame, the goddesse Beltona,*^
wlinme the Romainett do greatly honor, following therein
S78
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
tlie Cappadocianii: and I knowe not whetiier it be the moone, SYLLA
Minerva, or Enyo the goddease of battelU. So he thought,
that she coraming to him did put lightning into his hande,
commaunding him that he &liould lighten upon hia enemies,
naming them one after an other by tneir proper names : and
that mev being striken with his lightning, fell downe dead
before him, and no man knew what became of them. This
vision encoragpd Sylla very much, and having reported the
same to Pompcius, bis fellow Considl and companion, the
oest morning he marched with bis army to Rome. When
he was at Picines, there came other AniMuiMdon unto him,
to pray him in the name of the Senate that he would not
come to Rome in this heate and fury, declaring Uterwithall
that the S^eiinte would graunt him nil thinges that Kbould be
meete and reasoimble. Wheii SvHa liad heard thi^ message,
be aunttwered them, that he would cam|>e tliere : and <to com-
maunded the marslialls to devide the aquodrons according to
their maner. The Amhaasadors beleving that he would so
have done in deede, returned againe to Rome : howebeit
their backes were no sooner turned, but Sylla straight sent
Lucius Basillua, and Caius Mummius before to scase one of
the gates of Rome, and the wallcs which were on the side of
mount Esciiulin, and he him selfc also in pcrsone with all
possible spcodc marched after tliem. Bacillus eiitrrd Rome,
and wamic the gato by force. But tlu.' common jjcople un-
armed, got them up straight to the lop of tlieir nouses, and
with tylc« and stones stayed, and keut him, not onely from
cotring any further: but also dravc nim backe againe, even
to the very wa]K« of Uie city. In tiiin burly burly came
Sylla him sclfc to Rome, who seeing apporantly in what
state thingea stoode, cried out to his mat, and bad them
Mt fyre on tiie houses : and him selfe taking a torche light Sylls »et the
in his hand, shewed them the way what they should doe, '"'"•» » 1««
appointing his archers and darters to wburle and bestow *" Ro™*-
their dartes, and other fiery instruments, to the toppes of
the houses. Herein he was too much overeomc with unreason-
able choller, passion, and desire of revenge. For, seeking
only to plague his enemies, be tooke no regard to frends, to
partrotcs, or confederates, neither hud be vet any maner of
2T9
SYLIJl
MkriuRUid
Su I pi till*
Gonaemned
to death.
TrtMotijuiitly
rvwmrdcd.
Tlie bmtl-
tode ofSylU
reproi'ed.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
remome, or ptty : ituch and so fiery wu fain anevr then, that
be put no Iciitd of dilTeiviioe l>etwen« tho«e thnt nnd oRendedfj
and Uiem that )ia<I done liini no liurt at aJl. By Uiin tneanol
was Marius driven into tlie city, unto the tvtnjile uf t)>e
KarU), where he made open proclamation hy .sounde of
trompet, that he woulde make free all the slaves that4
wouiac oome to his parte. But forthwith came his enemies,
set upon him, and urcst him so neere, that he was con-
strnined utterly to nic and forsake the city. Then Sylht
asscnihling the Senat*^', caiisMi Marius, and certaine others
togi'Uicr with Sid|ntiiis Tribimr uf the pt-opU-, tx> be con-
deiiinc-<I to death. Sul]iitiuK vtnn iN-trnytd liv a slttvc of hitt
owne, whom Sylla made free aceordinj; to hw promise past
by publike edict : but when tie had made him fra.-^ he caused
him to be throwen downe headlong from the rocke Tarpeian.
And not ttiiitentcd with thia, he proclaimed by promise a great
!iumme of money to him tliat would kill Marius: A very in-
grate and unthaiikcfidl pnrte, consideringe that Marius not
many dayes before haviiige Sylla in his owne house, in hia
handes and custody, delivered him from perill. aiid set him
in safety. Which if at that time he had not done, but had
suficred Sulpitius to hA%'e slainc him : him sclfc had bene
sovcrainc Lord of tin- wholt? without all contradiction, and
might have ruled all thing* at his owne will and iilcavure.
But Sylla shortly "fter upon the like ndvantjigc, usc(l no such
manner of rei)uitall or gratuitte towardt-H hitii, which br«! a
secret misliking onu>ng»-st the Senate : Ivoweheit the common
people m«di.t open shewe of the evil] will they bare unto
Sylla, by rejectnig one Nonius his neview, and one Servius,
who uppiin contidence of his favor, presented them selves
lo sue for certaine offices. And besides Uie shame of this
refitiall, to spyte him Uic more, they chose others in their
Hteedes, whose honor and prcfcrrcmcnt they right well knew
Uiat Sylla would not o»ely inislikc, but be much offciMlctl
withall. Howbcit he wis<ly dii«cmbling the matter, seemed
to be %'ery glad, saying, that by hi» meanes the people of
Home enjoyed a fidl and perfit hl)crty, that in )iucn cases of
election, llH-y might fn^Jy do what lliem nvlven litit^-d. And
to mitigate soniwhat the peoph-K cvill will ttiwanlt him he
S80
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
determined to choose Lucius Cinna Consull, who wiu of
a contrary faction to him : haWng flntt bounde him by
aolenine othe and curse to favor his doings and whole pro-
cedings. Wherupon Cinna went up to tlie Capitoll, and
there holding a stone in his hand, did solemnly sweare and
promise, that he would be Svllaes faithful) frende : beseech-
ing the goddea if he did tlie contrary, that he might be
tbrowen out of Rome, even as he threw that stone out of his
hand : and with those wordcs, threw it to the ground befom
many people. But notwithstanding all those curses, Cinna
wa< no «oon«.T entred into his Considshippc, but presently
he bt'gaiinc to chnungi^ and alter nil. For amongcst other
thinge-s he would m-etk-s liave Sylla aeciiM'd: and procured
Verginius, one of tlie Trihiines of the jieople, to be his
accuser. But Sylla left him with his judges, and went to
make warres against Mithridates. And it ix said, that about
the time that Sylla tooke ahippe, and departed out of Italic:
there fortuned many tokens and wamingcH of the goddes
unto kinge Mithridates, who was at that pre«t-nt in the nty
of Pergamum. As amongcst others, that tlie Pargniix-nians
to honor Mithridates withall, ha\nng made an image of victoiy,
caiying a garland of triumphe in her hand, which was let
downe from aloft with engines : so soono as she was ready
to put the garland upon hiit head, the image brake, and the
crowne fell to the groundc in the middest of the Theater,
and hurst all to pi>i:a'S. Wherehy all the people that were
Ercsi-nt, were striken with a marvelous foare. and Mithridates
im selfe beganne to mislike thiit evill lucke : although ail
things at that time fell out more fortunately, then he
looked for. For he had taken A-tia from the Unmaincs,
and Bith^mia and Cnppadocia, from the kinges which he htul
driven out: and at that time remained in the city nf I'or-
gamum, to devide the riches and great territories among
his frcndcs. As touching his sonnes : tlie eldest was in the
realme of Ponttis, and of Bosphorus, which he inherited
from his prvdiccssors, even unto the desertes heyonde the
niaritises of Max)tides, without trouble or molestation of any
man. 'Hic other also, Ariarathcs, was with a great army, in
con()uenng of llirada and Mactxluii. Ilis Captaincs and
SYLLA
Ludui Clnan
Coanlt.
Clnns sirare
to b« SyltaM
ftende.
Sjrila went
Hiniiiist
MiihridctM
Mithridktc*
power.
8:NN
asi
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
SYLLA Ueutenauntcs moreover, did many notable conquestea in
divers ]ila<«s, with a great power : amonge<it the wliich,
An'ht-laiia lieing Lord and master of all the sea, for the
great number of §hippe8 he had, conquered the lies Cj-dodes,
and all those beyond the hcd of Malea, and specially
amongest othen the lie of Eubcm. And beginning at the
city of Athens, had made all the nationi« of Greece to rebcll,
even unto Thcswilii-, sHviiig thiit h« received ttomc losse by
tiie city of Clwroiii-a. Whvre Hnitiu.t Stini, one of tlic
LieuteuuimU--i of Snitiu.t giiv«rnor uf XJacedon (« man of
gmt iritiedoiiiv luid vnlliitntneti) came agninxt him, and
Ktnyed him for goinge any furtJier, overrunning the whole
Dontry of Hwutia, like a furioua raging river. And setting
ui>on Ardiolaus by the city of Clijcronea, overthrewe hiui
in three severall Iwtlells: repidsod, and inforced him to
take the acftcs againe. But as Knitii;s was following liim in
chase, Lucius Lucullus sent him coniniaundcmcnt to geve
place unto Sylla, to follow thoec waircs against Mithridatcs,
according to the elutrgc and commission in that behalfe
gi-ven him. Wht-reujjon Bnitius Siun went out of the
oontry of Bcrotia, and retunii-d towiinic* his generall
Sciitii» : notwithi'tiimtiiigi' his iifTitin^ pnis|XTVtl better then
he could have wJKhwi, and that ail Grtt-cc were vi-ry willing
to revolt, for tlit- re]iutactou of his wi.sitlom and goodnwi.
Howhfit thv thtngCK that we l>efore luivc »iM>keii of, were the
inojit notable matters that Brutius did in tn<»<^ pnrU-it. Sylhi
now ujion his arrivall, recovered inimediatly all tlie other
dties of Greece : who being advertised of his eomming, sent
presently to pray him to come to their aide, tlie city of
Athens onely excepted, which was compelled by the tyTan
Aristion, to take jjartc with Mithridatcs. Sylla thereuppon
Sylla bMleg- with all bis |mwcr went thither, besieged the haven of !*ir»a
■Uitlwcity rounde, uumiig it to be battered and asstulted on every
side, witii idl sortcif of englneit and instrumcntes of battcrv :
wherew if lie could hitve luul jKicience but a litle Icnger, be
might Iiave had the high towue by fnuiine, without putting
him setfe in any maiuier of daungt-r, Uie same being brought
to aoch extrenme dearth and scarsity of all kindo of vittells.
But thir ha^t Uiat he made to retumr againe to Rome, for
88S
of Ath«n&
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
fcare of the new c-)mu»ge which he iiiiird of limly from
thence, 0(>iii|K-lli-t] him tt) hAzard Uiih whitc id thitt sorU:
with j^ivat diitiii^r, mimy l>att«ll.'i, aiul iiifiiiito charge: con-
HiJeritigo also, that l>CHiik-!« nil other proviHioii iitid funiitui-e,
he had tweuty Uiowmuk] rauleit and muleta hilxiriaff daylv to
furnishe his engines of batteries And when all oUier woodc
fayled him, Wcause his engines were oftentimes marred after
thoy wen* made, some hreakiiiu of them selves by reason of
their waight, otliers consuuiea with fire thrower from tht
t-iiemics ; at the length hi- fell to tin: holy wood, and cut
diiwne till- tRfs of tin- Anuleniiii, Ix-ing hetter stored luid
fitnii^ied, thet) any other uirkv uf jduisure in all tlie
subtirlx-s of Uie city, ajid felil downv also the woil of Uie
pnrki- l.voi-um. And standing in iKtxte of a gwat Kiimnie
lit i]K)ti> V to enterlaiiie this warn- wiUiatI, he delt also with
the hdlyest tempIc!* of all (ireeee, eau^ing Uieiu to bring him
from the temples of Kuidaiiriim and Olympus, all the richest
and most ]>retious juels they liad. He wrote moreover unto
the counscll of tlie Ampnictyons holden in the city of
Delphes, to bring him tac r«ady money they had in the
temple of Apollo, for that it shotdd hv kept in better Mifety
with him, then if it still remained there: promising IxT-ide^,
that if lie t^hoidd by occasion be cuni|H-lled to use it, he
would restore as nitieli agaiiiv uutit them : an<l fur this pur-
wwe he st-nt ('aphis PJiocian, one of his very fn^n<ls and
himiliani^ lutd conmmundvd him to wey all that he tooke.
So Caphis went unto IJelphet; but when he came thither,
being afraied to touch the holy thing)', in presence of the
counscll of the Amphietyon*, he wept, that the teares ran
dowue by his cheekes, as a man compelled to doe such an
act against his will. And when some that were present told
Capbls that they heard tlie sound of ApoUoes cithenie in
the temple : wltether he belcved it was so in dcde, or bicause
he wuuld put this siiperstitious fcnre into Syllaes huul, he
wrote to him of it. But Sylla mocking him, sent him word,
that hv marveled he could not consider, that singing and
playing of tlic citlienie, were tokens ratia'r <if joye then of
anger: and thcrefon; that he sjiould not faile Ut prucede
further, and bring hiin tho»e tilings which he coniinauiKied,
S83
SYLLA
Sylln toiA*
ll'itii iuellv Aiid
reixljr mooey
out nf all the
tenipW of
(irpc"."^, mid
bmuirlit it
til him to
Athniii.
Cajthi* «uper>
■ticion for
touchitiK tho
huty thiDgM.
SYLU
Tli« eomneu-
dMlaD of th«
Miudent
Romaloe
Capteliie^
for oHeriDg
of their
Knildirm, and
aUo fur their
ptaom.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
for tlint (said lie) Apollo did gevc tticin liiiQ. Now for th«
other juclls uf tlic U-mpIe of A|x>l!o, thv tx>niiiion pvopte
knew not Uint they wrcrc seiit unto Svlla : but tlie silver
toone, M')i)L-)i only was tliat that neinAiti«d of Uk- i>irentig«a
of the kiiiga, the AraphictyonH were fainc to br<,-iike that in
neces, bicause it waa so great and masue, tJiat the beaateii of
draught could not drav it whole as it was. This act made
them to remember the other auiicient Komaiiie Capt&ines,
as Flamiiiiiis, Mauius Acilius, and I'aulus ^Emitius : of the
which, the one having driven king Antiochus out of GTeecc,
and the rest also having ovcrthtx>wi-n tlie kings of Maccdon,
thoy never once touchud the gold and nilvcr of the temples
of Greece : hut contranly sent tlwir ufrcrings thither, and
hxid thorn all in groat honor and reverence. But as to them,
thoy were all (laptJiines lawfully vluxtcn and sent to their
chai;gc]t : tlieir »ouldier< wel tmtned, atid obeilietit at com-
tiiaundeincnt, voitle of rebelliun, or any maner of mutiny.
And for them Helves, were kings in greatnes of corage and
magnanimity of minde : but id expence of Uieir persones,
very spare and scant, without any lavish, but nedefull and
necessary, proportioned by reason, and thiukinK more shame
to fiattcr tneir souldicrs, then fonrc Uieir cneuiics. Now the
Captaines contrarily in Syllnes tlino, sought not their pre-
fcrremcnt in the common woalth by vertiio, but by force,
and having greutor warn-:) one with an other, tlieo with
straungers their enemies : were oom)>elk-<I to flatter their
couldicrs whom they should comnuumd, and to buy their
paines and Korvicv, feeding them »till wiUi lar^ and gtvtt
cxpenccH, to piea.tc and content tliein. \^'hl■^^■in tliey did
not consider, that Uiey brought their oontry into bondage,
and made themselves slaves of the vilest people of the
world, whiles that in the meane time they sought to
commaund by all meanes possible those, whicli in many
respectea were farrc better then them selves. And this
was the cause that both drave Marius out of Rome, and
made him also to retunic agninc against Sylla, This
selfc same cause made Cimia to kill Octavius, and Fimbria
to slay Flaccus; of which ovilb, Sylls was the very first
and only author, spending out of all nnsou, and geving
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
the Bouldiers largely that served imdcr Iiim, to winne their
good willes the more, and then-h)' also to allure tlidii. By
reason whei-eof, Sylla had iR-dc of nimiiitaini-s of money, and
specially at the siege where he wat : botli to make straungvrs
traytors, nitd bcsiuvs, tu funiislie and satisfie his own« <I)s-
•olute iwuldicn. For )te had sueli tin <^rni.'«t dtsirc to take
tJie city of AUk-hs, that he a>uld not ixwsihly he dixswitded
from it. And i-ither it wait of a certeii vaine ainhitiun he
had to light a^iif<t tlie aiindent renutacion of that city,
being then but a shallow to that it liad liene : or eh of a
very anger, for the mockes and gibes whicli tlie tynui Aris-
tion gave in his apechis from the waJs, against him and
Metcfla, to spit« him the more withall. This tyran Aristion
was full of all eruclty and wiekedites, having taken up all
thv vorst uiuihtti's and great^^t imperfections of king Mith-
ridates, and heaped them wholly together in him sv\fc : by
reason whereof the poore city of Athens whieh hiul i-scajwl
from so many warnv, tyrannK's, and civil) dissviitions until
that present time, wiu by him, as hy an nneumblc discMUHr,
bnitnit unto all extreaniity. For a bunhell of wheate was
wortE a tbomaod Urachmaa, an<I nieit were drivt-n for famine
to eate feverfew that grew about the ca-itetl : and they caimed
old shoes and old oyle pots to be sodden, to deli*ev some
savor unto tliat they did eate. wliilest tlie tyraji liiniselfe
did nothing all day long but cramine in mcate, and drinlte
dronke, daunse, maske, scoHe and flowte at the enemies,
suffering the holy lampe of >liiierva in the meane season to
go out for laeke of oyle. And when the Nimiie of the same
tiniiple sent unto him for a nuarter of a bushel <if wticate, he
KDt her n qiuirtvr of a busnell of {lepper. And when tlie
counsellen of the city, the prientcs and ivligiou-t amte to
the castd), holding up their hands, aiut beseeching him to
take Home pity of the city, and fall to conijiosition with
Sylla: he made them to be driven away, and seattered with
sungs. In the end, very late, and yet with great a do, he
sent two or three of his auafling companions unto Sylla, who
when they were come to Kim, made no demaund of compo&i>
tion for the townc, but began to praise and magnitie the
dcdcs of Theseus, of Eumolpus, and of the Athenians against
SYLLA
Sylla tbefirrt
mwi thftt
spoiled sJl
good Dvrrics
of Rou Idiom,
by orcrmueh
libcrtie and
auffvmuuce.
Ttie wicked-
UM of the
t^nui Aris-
tion.
fiVLLA
vtiliantnni
of Alarciin
At]i«uA taken
by SfllA.
TlicilauEhter
or thu AUtea-
iaiu itfloT
the taking of
tli«dtle.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
the Medes. Wh^vupwi Sylla made them thk aunswere:
My goodly orators, rctumc you againe with all your
reUiorickc : for t}ic Komuinvs a-nt toe not hither to leome
oor to Ktitdy, but to uvvrpunK- und troiwiucr ttiose that aine
ri'bfllfd ugninsl: tlioiii. Iii Uh- tiK-otic tirui- there were cer-
Uiinv smcs iii thv city tlutt livani old nw-n talkiiiff together
In a [)luix- oiUmI CvmniicuK, blaming the tyraj] Lkausc be
kept ao better u-atcb imi tbut nidc of the wal that was directly
over ngAinst the HeptaebalcMHi, wbit-h wa« the only place
where the t-nemie^ mij^bt ea.tilie.it gel up tipjiim the walLi,
11)iMe spies Kent straight unto Sylla, and tuld him what
they tiad heard the old men say. Sylla traetctl no time, but
came to the place in the night to see it : and perceiving tliat
it was to be taken, set the matter straight abroach. And
him selfe wrj'tt's in his commentaries, that tlie lirst man that
scaled the walls, was Marcus Teius : who finding a souldier
ready to resist hint, gave him such a sore blow with his
swozxl upon )ii» lien<i j)i.^-cc, that his sword brake in two,
and yet notwithstanding thai he saw him selfe naked and
diformcd of a .-twurd, did not for all that give hack, but
»loode still to it, and kept the p)ai-e sii long, till through
him the city wa-i titken, ami all rt|K>n the Liilte of tht«! oltl
men. So Sylla caused tlie wall to l>e pulled ilowtie Ix-tnenc
the haven of llraw, and the holy haven: and hiiving iH'fore
made the breach very plaine, entred into tlie city about
midnight with a vronderfull fcarefuU order, making a mar-
velous noise with a nimibcr of homes, and sounding of
trompets, and all his army with him in order of battel,
crying, To the sack, to the sack : kill, kill. For he had
gcven them the towne in spoylc, and to put all to the sword.
l%e souldiers thcrt^fore run through the stn-etcs with their
swords dra wen, making an uiicrciiible slaughtt^'r: so that to
this dayc they be not acknoweii, nor doir not dechuv what
nombcT of persoos were ^iie, but to Mhew thu grcatnes of
the murder that tliere was committed, the piaoc is yet
extant to he secne where tlie blood ramie. For l>c«idcs
them that were slaine through all tite city, the blood of
them only Uiat were fllainc in the market Htede, did wt-t all
the grouod of Ccramicus, even unto the very place called
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Dipylwi : and some sav also, that it mnoc by the sates into
the suburbes of thecitie. But if the multitude of the people
that were slaine in this sorte were great, much more (or so
many at the least) it is sayd vere thmc that slue them selves,
for tnc sorrow and compassion tht.-y had to sec their coatry
in sticti pityful stntp, supposing certainly that their city was
now coinv to utter rume and drstnic-tion. This opinion
made the noblest meii of the city to (liK)ULire of their ownc
mfety, and feared to live any len^r : bicaiutc they Uiought
tht-y should findc IK> ntercy, no moderacion of cruelty in
Sylla, Notwitlistanding, portely at tl)e requester of Midtiis
and Calliphon, who were tmnifltted men from Athens, aiid fell
at Syllaes feete upon their knee>: and (mrtely also at tlte
requests of tlie Itomaine Senatois that were in hia cam|K-,
who prayed him to pardon the body of the city, and the
rather for that he had already qucnchod the tliirst of hia
ravening mind sufficiently well, after that he had somwhat
sayd in praise of the auncicnt Athenians, he eonchided Ui
the end, to gevc the crcater number unto the smaller, and
the living to the dead. Sylla wrytolh him selfe in his com-
mentaries, that ho totike the city of Athens im the very selfe
day of the ealeiides of March, whieh cnmmeth to n^x* with
the first day uf the moneUi that we aUl Anthestrnon, on
the which day by chaunt-e many tlunges an* don« at Athens
in nioinnry of Noc^ flood, and of tlio universall deMtriictiun of
the whole world that wax in olde time by rage of waters,
falling out even in tliat very nionctli. When the city was
tliiu taken, the tyran Aristion fled into the enatell, where ho
was besieged by Curio, whomo Sylla left there of puqtose
about that matter. And after he had a great time Kept it,
at the last, constrained thereunto for lackc of water, yeldcd.
I'be casteil was no sooner geren up, hut immediatly by
Goddes ]jrovidence, the weather miraculously altered. For
the selfe same day, and at the very selfe instant that Cnrio
O'fuied the tvran Aristion out of the cast4-]l : the element
being very layer and clere, tlie clowdcA sodainly gathered
together, un<) there fell such a marvelous glut of rainc, that
all the wwtell wna full of water. Shortly aft<T also, Sylln
iiaving gotteu the haven of Pirwo, burnt tJie greatest (xu-tc
«87
. ayLLA
AothmUirinn
iMurchp.
The time of
NlIEK fl(H>d.
Aristion the
tynuymlile'l.
ITm h»v«n of
I'irau wotinv.
8VLL&
FhUoM
■nrMry burnt
hy SrQa.
I'uilln Aiiny
a hunilml
fovwmen ;
Tenn« tbon-
BHnd h«r*«-
ni«D:
Foiir«*oor«
Olid t«n thow-
nmd c«rt<iii
with Sj-thea.
The force
of tlje Bar-
bariMU con-
«kt«dtn
honammmai
in thtir cart*
with SytliM.
The Ktraiicbt
ofThermo-
■pyU*.
PwtUUBUS
hill.
Tlie rity of
Tltbora.
SvlU end
milt Bt
PaUonidc
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
of the buildiiiget: amonecst utitcn vnu the anwnoll and
armory, which Fhilu in oli] timi* )uid caurxI to be built,
bcin^ of a xtrauHge aiwl wondcrfull (Hiificc. In the mcaiM-
tirai', Tftxilles, oik- of tlie Lii-uteimunt'« of king MithriiUti-s,
coiniiiinf; from Thracia and MavMiuii, with a hundred tl)ow<
s«nd footetnen, teiinc thowsiaiid horseraeo, and foure «coro
And t£tine thaws»nd carts of warre all arined with !tyth«s :
sent unto Archclaus to joync with him, lying yet at ancker
in thi' haven of Munychia, and not willing to leave the sea,
nor come to fight with the Romaines, but seeking rather to
draw these warrcs out in length, and to cut of all nttella
from his enemies. Sylla understanding this drift better tben
him selfc, departed out of the contry of Attica (a very barren
soyk'f and in dcede nut uhlc to kecpc him in time of peace)
and went into Ikt'otin : wlKn-in most men thought he oom-
mitti-d grwit iTTor, to li-ave Attica, which i* a veiy hard
contry for honteiiK-n, and to go into Ba-otia, n piaine cham-
pion : and mi mueh the rather, bicause he knew well enough
that tlie cliiefest strengtli of tlii> barl>an>u.t people eooastcd
in tlieir horsemen, and their armed carter witli aythca. But
to aviiyd funiiiie, and laeke of vittelU a» we have &ayd, he was
compelled to seeke battel). Furtlicniiore, he had an otlier
cause also that made him afrayed, and comjwlled him to go :
and that wa^t tlortcnsius, a famous Captaine, and very valliant
also, who brought him aide out of Thessalte, and the bar-
barous people lay in waitc for him in his way, in the straight
of Tliermopylcs- And these were the causes that made
Sylla take nis way into Buiitin. But in the mcaiie time,
Caphis that was our contry man, deceiving the barbarous
pcoplf, guiditt Hortciwiii* an iitherwny by mount Pnnuisus,
luid brought him under the city of Tithora, which w«» not
then KO great a city as nowe at thin present it t«, but was a
CA«tcll only, Miituated upon tlie point of a mclce, hewen all
about : whether the l*liocians in olde time flying king Xcrxea
c'omming ui>on them, retyred them selves for their Rafcty.
Hikrtenaius lodged there, and then? did also both defend and
repulse his enemies, so long as dav light lasted : and when
the night came on, got downe through very hard stony
waves, unto the dty of Fatronide, where he joyned with
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Sylta, who came to meete him with all his power. Thus SYLLA
beitiff joyned together, they camped upon a hill that
stnnacUi about the middest of the plaine of Elatt-A : TbapUiiw
the soyle was very good, and well replenished with great ofButm.
■tore of trees, an^ wata, at the foots of the same. Tbv
hill 18 called Philobseotus, the nature and scituacion PhilobKotus
whereof, Sylla doth man'elously commend, AVhen they mon".
WL-re camped, tlicy seemed but a haadfull In the eye of
their wiemii's: and no more were thev in dccdc, for they
had not above fifteeiie hundred horse, and Icssc then Their wboU
fifteene thowiwnd footenien. Whereupon the other Cap- S^J**"'*'*'
taine* their enemies, against Archelaiis minde, brought out ijooofooto.
their bandes into the iield, and filled all the vaiTey and men.
plaine Diereabouts with horsemen, with cartes, witli &hieldM
and targettes, so that the ayer was even cut a sunder aa
it were with the violence of the noyse and cries of so many
■midry nations, which altogether did put them selves in
battell ray. The sumptuousnes of their furniture moreover,
was not altogether superfluous and unprofitable, but served
greatly to feare the beholders. For the gibtering of their The brave
hamcsse, so richly trimmed and set foorth with gold and *"nor aod
silver, the cullers of Uieir arming coates upon their curaces, ^'"-pk"* j*
after the fadon of the Medes and Scythians, mingled with nrirt Macodou-
tlie bright glistering steeic and shining copper, gave such a inn», ■(irviiiK
show OS they went and removed to and fro, that made a undor'l'nxitleg
li^ht OS clcre as if all had bene on a very fire, a fearefttll j^^""^ "'
thing to lookc apon. Insomuch as the Roniaincs durst not t«uauat.
so nuich as once goc out of the treiichw of their compc, nor
Sylla with all hiis piTswasion coulde take awav thi.t great con-
ceived feare from them ; wherefore, (and l)icftuse also he
would not com|>ell them to go fortlt in tliis feare) he was
driven not to stirre, but close to abide, (though it grieved
him greatly) to see the Ijarborous people so prowdly and
villanously laugh him and hU men to scome. Howbeit the
disdaine and scolfing of hi* enemies, stoode him to great
good purpose afterwards. For they making now none Mmy com-
acccimpt of him, kept small watche and ward, strayed up 7""^^^""'"
and downo disorderly besides, though otherwifie they were „|jdi_J"'
not very obedient unto their Capttunes, being many com-
3 : 00 289
Ce{itiJsus a.
SyUam
atnlghtoea to
hit souldicra.
A gaoi pulide
biwcury foixre-
full Miiilditfni
Willi iiJttTeMnie
lattor.wlKvebjr
U> Bwk« tkcRi
dflfirout to
figbt
Eiljrliuin
moiia.
AmunH.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
nuundent. And fewc good followers: by reason whereof, a
BinaU numlx-r ke^tt in the campe, and all the rest of the
great multitude intised with the gaioe they made by spoyl-
iitg and aacldng of townes thereabouts, dispersed them selves
many dayes iomey from their campe. Fur it is sayd, that at
that very time Uiev destroyed the city of Panopniio, socked
the city of Lebadia, and spoylod the temple without com-
maundemcnt or Uci-ttce of any of all tJicir Captainv* to doe
it. Id the iiieum- wliik-, Sylla six-ing so many citii-M and
town<« spoylixl und ikr»troyed, tonke it both grii-vouHlv. tuul
tiiw mi^rilv : howclwit he siiflV-nisl not hi:t mi-ii to lie idlfly,
but kept tliem in latxHr, to tunitr Uh- ci>ut>e of the river uf
Cephiaus, and to cast great treiidiea, not xuflering any man
to take ease or rest, but contrarily witlt great severity
puniolied such as went faintly and lasely to worke, to thend
that Iteins; wearied witli the paine they tooke after so many
workcs, thev would rather prove to hazard Iiattell, as it fell
out ID dcedc. For the third day after they had be^nne
thus to labor, as Sylla passed by them, they cried out unto
him to k-ude them against their enemies. But his awewcrc
was unto thiiii ngiune; that those werr but cries of men
weaiivd mtlKT with labor, then dttsirous to fight. Not^
willtftiuxlinj^, if it be mo in deede, and thjit yoti have bo
f;ood A will to %ht a* you make ^howc uf : then I will snyd
k-, that vou aniie your selvi-s prrscntiv, luid get you to
yonder plaei-, showing tiicra thcn-withail where tJie cantell
of the Parapotamiana stoodo in oldc time, which then (the
dty being destroyed) was no more but the toppe of a stiuny
mountaiiie cut all about, and Never«d from tJte mount <n
Edyliiim by the breadth of the river of Assus that runneth
Iwtwixt, and which at the very foote of the same mountaine
fallcth into the river of Cephisus, and both these rivers
ruiming in one, caryiiig a swift streame, doc make the
kuap[>e of t)ie suyd hill very strong of scituacion to lodge a
caropi^ upon. And tbervforc Sylla scciog the soiddiera of
his enemies cainpe, nuirching with their copper targets to
take it|i timl place to lodip- in : to nrc-vent them, luid to get
it iK-fore Iheni (iln in dLi-Je he dt<i) lie marclK^l thither in all
hast jxMtsihle, and got it evm with the eantcst good will of
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
al] hia souldiers. Archelau§ being so repulsed from thence,
turned hia way towards the city of Chsronea. W)M>n!U)Km
OL-rtaine of tne Charonoans that were in Syllaes campe,
besought him that he would not forsake their city, and leave
it to tlicir enemy. Sylla desiring to gratifie them therein,
si-iit one of his ColonclU GubiniuH with u leipon, and there-
withuil gave the Chwroneuns leave to go thither, who did
what tliey vouUl gHwsible to prt into their city before
GabiniuK: but tliat they could nut, such was thv diligence
and honetty of the man, aa he ttet-m*^ more dvsirous of their
safety, U>en tliey were thcra selves. Nevortlielcmc, lubits
doth not call the Colonell that wok sent thitlier Gubinius
but Hircius. And thus was our city of ('hienmm [lu^erved
^m the daunger it stoodc in at that time. In the meane
time came very good newes to (he Itoumiiies, both of oracles
and propheciefl, which promised them victory from the
temple of Lebadia, and the cave of Trophonius : of which
pnmhecics, those contry men make great mencion. Hut
Syllu in his tenth booke of his commentaries writeth, that
Quintus 'L'itiuK, u man of quality and name aniongest thmi
that trafliked into tiie contiy of Greece, came unto him
after he luul woime the l>att'ell of Cha-ronea, to tell him
that 'IVophonius gave him to undewtand, tliat shortly after
he should have a si>cond battell, and that he Hhould yci
Bgftine have an other victory in tlie same place, After him
an other man of warre called Salvenius, told him also what
succcsse he should have in the warrea of Italic, saying;, tliat
be knew it by revelation : and both these men agreed in the
manner of the revelation. For they sayd, that they had
seenc a god, in majesty, heawty, and greatnes, like unto the
image of lupiter Olympias, Sylla havinge passed the river of
Anus, went ti> Indgir at the foote of mnunt Edylium, hard by
Archrlaus, who hiul plnce<l and fortified hi? eiun]>e iM-twenc
tile two mountaiiies of Acontium, and of Kdvlium, joyningi.*
to tl>e city of the Assians. I'he place where Archehtu»
camped, beareth his owne name Archclau.« unto thi.s day.
One day after Sylla had chaunged his lodginff, he left
Mumna in his campe with a legion, and two cohortes, to
keepc the enemies stiU occupied that were in great trouble,
291
SVLLA
Sylla •end pith
(inbiniiia with
II IcKiuQ to
aiile Lhay-
ruii«a.
OiucIm aiid
pr(>|ili«cies of
victory luito
Sylla
Silvraiiu a
SuuliUcr.
luplur
Olympiu.
Acontium,
Kdylium
mouutaiaw.
8YLLA
Thulium
mom : o/i.'rr
Orthapagum.
Morion il.
Apollo
Tfiuriu.
Oitironiha
founder of
th« aty of
ChBronw.
Sj-IUordMeth
liutwUea
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
and he him seiic in thu mulnv time went and sncriGced
by the river of C<.-^)hUii». Hin »u;nfice heme t'ndi.'d, l»e
mardiiti towtirdN tlic city of Cha-ruitoti, U> tuKc tlio force
he liud thvtv uiidi-r GabiniuM, iin<) to know iJie mountaine
also oJltd Thuriiini, whidi th<; t:ii«iuius had taken. It in a
knurpe of a inouiitsint; very itlc'epe and ^larpe of all sides,
with a namiwc ]K>iiit like a pine apple, by reawn whereof we
doe call it Ortliopa^iiu. At Die foote of the »anie runneth
the river called Morion, and there ir bIbo the temple of
j^Millo simiamed 'lliurias: and they say that this sumaroe
of Thurias was ceven unto him of the name of Thm-os, who
was mother of Charon, the founder and builder of the edty
of ChoTonea. Other thinke, that the cow which was gcven
to Cadmus for a guide, cjimc to him in that place : which
hath ever since kept the name, for that the Pheniciaus call
a cow, T^or. Now whtai Sylla caine ueerc unto Cha-ronen,
the Colonell Gabiniits whitmc- he liad sent tlutlter with a
garrixon to defend tlie wnic, went to m«el« him with his
men very well armed, wearing a lawrell garland: and Sylla
after he had saluted him, and hiH itouldiers, made an oration
unto them, exhortins them to do their duty in fightinf;.
And as he was tn his oration, there came two citizens of
Chieronea to him, one, his name was Omoloiclius, and the
other Anaxidamus, who promised him to drive the enemies
from mount Thurium which they had taken, if he would but
ffcvc them some small number of souldiers. For there was a
title path way, which the barbarous people mistnisted not,
be^nning at n ylruv citlled Petroctui.*, hart! by the temple of
the Mii»es, by tfie wliidi Ihsy mij^ht eiuiily go to the toppc of
tills mountaine Thurium; so tJiat following that pathe, it
would bring them over the barbarou-t iK-oples heads, and
they might easily kill them with Htones, or at the tcAMt tbvy
should drive them mawgre their heads, downc into tJie
valley. Gabinius assuring Sylla that they were both very
valliant men, and such as ne mieht boldly trust unto, Sylla
gave them men, and commaunded them to execute their
enterprise : and he him selfe iu the meane season went and
set bis men in order of battell in the ploine, deviding his
bonenwti on the winges, placed him sclfe in the right wing,
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
appointinge tlie left unto Muneiia. Ualha and HorU-ibtius
h]s Lieutenauntcii, were placed in the tayle with certaine
bandes of the reregard whicli they kept upon the liils, to
watch and let that the enemies should not inclose them
behinde : bicause they perceived a forre of that the eiiemiefl
put forth a great nuuibei' of horsemeu and footemen light
armed in the wings, to theiid that the poj-nts of their battell
might the more easily bowc and enlarge theni selves, to
CompossG in the Komoincs on the backc side. Now in the
mouic time, these two ChKToneians whonie SyUft hiul scat
under Hircius Uieir Cautaine, having compassed abottt the
niouiitaine Thurium, before the enemies were aware of thi-m:
Modainly came to shew tht-m selves ujipun the topjiv of tlie
mountaine, which did w fearc the barhnrouN pwiple, that
they began imniedially to flie, oiw of Uiem for the moat
parU killing an other. Iliere was no resiktaunw, but flying
dovme tJic moimtaine, fell apon tlio puintett of their owne
partisans and pvke^ and one of them Uirusting in an others
tiecke, tomhletf hedlong downe the motiiitanie togetlier,
having their aiemies besides on their backes, which drave
them from the hill, and strakc them behinde where they lay
open unto them : so as they were slaine a three thowsanne
or them about this mountamc Thurium, And as for them
that xought to save them selves by flight, Muni-na that
wax already set in battell ray, met with some, cut them
of by the way, and slue them downe right. The other
fled directly to their cainpe, and came in great compftnie;*,
thrusting into tlje bnttell of tlieir Tootvineu, put the nni«t
parte of tiieni quite out of order, and marvelou.-<ly troubled
their Captaines before they could set them agaiiie in order :
which was one of tJie chiefest causes of their overthrowe. For
Sylla went and gave a diarge uppon ttiem in this trouble
and disorder, and had quirkely wonne the ground tliat waa
bctwene both armies, wherby he tooke away tile foite of all
their armed cartes with sytlies, which are then of greatest
force, when they have the longest course, to gcve them a
Bwift and violent stroke in their chase : whereas when their
coiinw is but short, the blow is so much the weaker, and of
lessc strength, even as urrowes are, that a farrc of enter not
8VLLA
Syila ilrnvo
Archetniiii
nlde from
the hill.
'ITie fortt of
the anii«<l
cnrUswiUi
Sjrthes coasl»t
lulougcoiine.
b
STLLA
Aiot Kith
ArckelauK at
Thurium.
Slnvtw ninde
free bvniitlio-
ritjr of the
LieutcnAiintM
iu the Mdt.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
deepe into the tiling tlii;y be »liot at : as at that time it fell
out with tlie bnrburuus peuple. For Uieir lintt cartes set
foorth 9o iaiiitly, tuitl came uti witli *o feeble a force, that
the Romainet sent tliciii bocke, and eauily repuUed them,
witJi great slaughter an<t clapping of handes one to an other,
as they commonly use in tlie ordiitarie g&mea of horse running
at Rome. When they had thus repulsed the cart«, the
battell of SyllacH footcmen bcgannc to charge the burhanuus
iJfoplf, who ba&ing their nykes, Htoodi- doBt- one to an other
uieaiise they would not di? tttkcn : and the Romaini-s on
thother side bestowed Rmt thi-ir dartirs among thnii, lUid
then iMxiunly drewi- out tbeir swunioM in the lieatv they
were in, ancf put u nitle the enemii-K pykes, wlwreby Uiej"
might eume tieert-r to their Iwdics, There were fifteene
tliow.iand nlave^ iu tlie fronte of the Imttell of the barbarous
people, whom Mithridates l.k-uteiiaunt hat! made free by open
proclamation, and had duvided them hy Imndes amongest the
other footemen. By occasion whereof there was a Romaine
Centurion, spake pleaaauntly at that time, saying, that be
never saw slaves before have liberty to spctdcc and do like
free men, but only at Satumes feastcs. Ncvcrthelessc, they
against the nature of slnves, wrv very valHant to abide the
shockc, and the Rumnine footemen euttld not so readily
breakc nor ent«-r into them, nor make them gevc bncke,
biotUM they »toode verv close one to an other, and their
ranckes were of such n lengtli Ix^cies: until) such time as
the RoMiainen Uiat were Iiehinde the first ranckv», did so
pelt them with their sliiiges, hurling stones, heiitowing their
dartes and arrowe* apon tliem, Uiat in thi^id tltey compelled
them all to turne their backes, and flie a maine. And when
Archelaus did first thrust out the right wing of his anny,
supposing to enclose the Romaines behinde: Horten&ius
itraiffht waycs caused the bands he hod with him to run
and uarge ujmn the flanckcs. Which Archelaus perceiving,
made the horsemen he had about him tumc their faces fortfi-
with, which were in number above two thowsand : in.M)mueh
Ki Hortensiiis, being set apon with all bif truwpc, was com-
pelled to retyrc by litle and title towaides the mountaine,
pcTTciving him wife foirv from the b«ttell of his footemen,
S94
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
and envirunned round about with bU enemies. Sylla seeing
that, l>eing in the right wing of his btittcl), and haxing not
yet fought, went straight to the rescue of Hortensius. But
Arcbielaus conjecturing by the dust which the horses raised,
what the matter was: left Hortensius there, and witJi speede
returned a^aine towardes the right wing of his enemies from
whence Sylla was gone, hoping nc had left it unfurnished of
a sufficient Captaine to coniuiaund thi.-tn. Taxillcs on thothcr
side, caused his rop])er targets also to march against Mura-oa:
so as the noyse they made on both sides, cauiH.-d iIh* moun-
taines to ring againc, wherewit)iall Sylla stayed, standing in
doiit wluch way to take. At the latt hi; remlved, to rctumc
to the place from whence he cami', and sent Hortcn$ius with
foure ensignes to aide Munvna: and him sclfe with Uie fifl
in great speedo, went tow&rdes the right wing of hi* army,
the whidi was now already bickeriiie, and jojmed with their
enemies, lighting liand to hand wiui Archelaus. By reason
whereof, when Sylla was comen with bis aide, they did easily
distresse them : and after they had broken Uieir array, they
chased them flying for life to the river, and unto the moun-
taine Aoontium. But Sylla notwiUistandiiig forgate not
Muro-na, but went agaiuc to his rclicfc : and timnng that
be on his side had also nut the enemies to flight, followed
with him the chose of tncm that fled. There was a mar-
velous slaughter made in that lield of the btirbaruus people,
and many of them supposing to bAve recovered tlieir cimipe,
were sliuno by the way : «o ait of all that inlinite multitude
of fightin}^ ntci), U>ore escaped only tenne Uiowiwiide, who
saved them selves hy flying unto the city of C'halcide. Svlhi
for his parte wrytctb, that he could make reckening of no
more but fourteene of his souldieitt onely tliat were staine,
whereof tJiere came two againc to him the same night.
Wherefore in the markes of b-iumphc which he set up for
tokens of that wtorj', he caused to he wryttcn on the toppe
■tiiereof. Mars, vktory, and Vrrni^ : signifying thereby, that
ho bad overcome in these warrcs as much by good fortime,
as bv force, poUcic, or marshall discipline. I'hesc morkcs
of tniimphe were set up for the battcll which he wannc in
the plaiite field, in that place where Archclaus hcgannv to
Sf»5
SYLLA
SyllaM tIo-
tory of Mlth-
ridatos Lieu-
t«usuntM.
Th« field was
vonne in tbe
ntsine of
SVLLA
Moliu II.
Apollo
Pylhuw.
]upit«r
OlysipU*.
Flucoa Con-
mil went
UithridaUai
pncrall
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
flie, even unto the rirer of Motua. And he set up an other
also in the toppe of mount 'ITiiirium, where the barbarous
people were set upon behinde : and there is wrytten in Grceke
letters, that the valliant deedes of Omoloichus and Anaxi-
damus, gave way to the winning of this %-ictorie. Sylla for
the joy of this great wonne battell, caused musitians to play
in the city of Thebes, where he buildcd a stage for all the
mutiitiaii5, ncere unto the fouotaine CEdipiu, and oertaino
noble Greecinns were upfwinteil judges of that inuiticke,
wlram be cnuxcd t» be sent for out of other dties, bkausc
be mortally h«t«d the lliebutt : ituomuch a» he toolce from
Uiein halfe tlieir la»d», which he oontecrsted unto Apollo
Pj'tliinfl, and lupitcr Olvinpiax, aiipointtng that of the revenue
tiiereof, they sliould redeliver and pay t>arke the mooey which
he had taken and oaried away from otit of their templee.
Sylta after this having intelligence that Flaccus, tme of his
eaemies, was chosen Consull at Rome, and had passed the
aea Ionium with an army, under pretext to nuke warre
against king Mithridates,but in dccde to make warre with
him selfe : tooke his jomev towards The&salic to meete him.
But when he was in the citie of Mclitea, there came uewcs
to him out of all partes, that there was a new and second
army of the kings arrived, no lessc then tlu' first, the which
spoylcd and destrcned all the contry which he had left be-
hincle him. For Doi>'lnt», one of king Mithridatcs Lieu-
teiiauutcs, won nrnvixi in the dty of Chalcide with a great
fleetc of shijiprs, having brought thither with him fouiv
score Uiowsand fighting men, the be»t trained, the Ix-st
anni'd Mid np)>ointed rauldiers, that were in all his kingdom
of Pontitf in Asia : aitd from theiice went into Doeotia, had
all that contry at ronimaun dement, and sought to fight with
Sylta, iiotwitlistanding that Arclielaus alleaged many reason*
to disswade him from it: and furiliennon?, gave it out in
every place, that so many thowsandes of souldiers ooulde
not have bene cast away in the first battell. without some
notable treason. Wherupon Sylla returned with all possible
specde, and made Dorylaus know before many dayes passed
over his head, that Arehelaus was a wise man, and knew well
cDou^ the worthines and valliant coiage of the Itomaincs.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
And Diir)'lMus Imving hml but, u. litlv pruofe aaiy id ccrtAinc
light skirmUIies which lie niadi- nauiist Syllti, uNrnt 'ni])h(i»-
sion ill Tliesnalie : him iti-lfe wu* tW fimt that ciniUI Miy thvn,
it was not for Uiein tu hastarde battell, hut ratht^r to diiiw
out the warres in leiij^lii, iind sujiplaiit tht- Ktiiiiaintv
with charge and expeiite. And jet not withst audi n;^, the
coninioditv of the jfreat lai'ge plaine that lyi-tli all almut
Orchomcnc, where they were encamped, gave great entomge-
mi'iit to Archclaus, who judged it a very lit place to geve
bttttcU in, specially bicaiisc he was the stronger of horsemen
in the (ivla. For of all tht^' plaim.'s that are within the
contry uf Bd'otin, the (greatest mid largest of them, is the
plaiitc ncrc to the i-ity of Orchumciic: which is altogether
without tn-esi, and runm-th out iri length unto Ihe niarisM-K,
where tiie river of Meliw disiHTst-tJi it sclfu ahriwdi-. nie
bead of tlie same river is not farre froin the city uf Oreho-
mene, and that river only of all ntlier HverH in Gm-ce fnim
the verj' head whence it eonnneth. It nnvigahte: and hiith
besides an other singular pii>perty, that it risetli and swelk-Ui
even in the longest somnier dayes, as the river of Nilus doth,
and bringeth forth the selfe same plantes and trees, saving
that Uicy bcare no frutc, neither arc they so great as those
of Mgypt This river hath no longe course, bicause that
the most part« of the water runneth into lakes and marissea,
covvrvd with brunbk-Ti and briars, tuid there is hut a very
litle parte of it that fulleth into tlie river of Ccphisus, in
the lilace where the rede!< grow that they make good flutes
withal. When thi-v wen- etiniped one nere to an nther,
Archelau8 lay nuietly and stiirrt-d not. But Syila presently
cast great trencnes irom one Hide to on other, tu stoppt- thft
way against their enemies, that tliey could not enine into
that great plaine where they might nave taken what ground
they would for their men of armes, ajid have driven tlie
Itoinaincs into the niarissc^. The barbarous ix.'ople not Ix^ing
able to endure that, so soonc as their Captaines had geven
thejn liberty, discharged with such a fury, that they did not
only M»ttcr them that wrought in Syllae:s trenches, but put
the mmi parte of their gard also that stoude in hattell ray to
defeiul them, in a nuinelouit feore, who also beganne to flic.
SVLLA
Th? (fooclly
pi nine licfore
the citj; of
Orchomeiie.
Th« river of
Melas, snd
nature Iherof,
8:FP
SBV
SVLLA
SylUw wgrdi
to aiiicnuM
hii wudlilierc
tiuae.
SfUiMrie-
Urf of Mltb-
rUatea Lieu-
leuuDtw at
Orchomear.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
Wliich Sylln nerceiving, liglitcd straight from his horse, and
tekLng ati etungii« in hu tiande, ran through the niiddcst of
his men tliat Hed, itntill he came to hi^ enemies, and crjing
out, sayd unto them : {> my Uomaine Houldieis, mine honor
comroaundeth me to (h'c here, and therefore when finy mao
BsLeth you where you forsookc your Captaine, reiDcnibcr that
you BunswoT it wsx ttt Orehomco?. 'lite}' were so nshnmcd
at thcsv wordc^s tliut be mude them tunic ; besiilo!) that
there cainv two eohort<9 unto hioi from the right wing of
hif hntteil, who tindi-r hi.H Iciuiing gitve such n hutti- diarge
u|>on their ent-mies, thiit they fleiT forthwith n]>on it. That
done, Sylla retyred witli his ni«ii, and auulv them dine : and
therupon by and by set Ui«ni ogiune to tlie trenches to
enclose his enemies campe, who ttieii oune out in better order
then they did before. 'Iltere wa» Diogenes, Arebelaus wivea
Sonne slaine, fighting valliantly bufon- them all in the ru[fat
wing of their bnttelf. And the bowe men Itcing pressed so
ticerc by the Homaines, that their bowes would doe no good :
tooke their arrowes in their haodcs in stead of swordcs, and
tftrakv their enemies with tbcm to force them to gcvc b<wke,
until such tiute lu at the Iwst they were all driven into their
cunpe, where tltey pivvwd that night in great .<orow, u« well
for the losae of them tluit were slaine, us also for the number
of tliose tliat wen; hurt. T\w next morning. SvUn luulitig
his men againe towardcs the ca»i|)v of Iiik enemies, went on
stiU continuing hi« trenches: and ocrtoine of tliem being
oome out to skirmish with them, he set apon Uiem so lustely,
that at tile first charge he put tln'm U> flight. That brought
such a feare to all the whole campe of tlie enemies, that not
a man durst abide any lenger : so as Sylla vallianllv following
on his victory, shufflixl in among them as they tied, and in
theiido tooke all together. Straight way all the marisses
were filled with blood, and the lake fiiU of dead bodies : so
that until) this present day they find there in that place
many bowes of tJie hart>arou» people, moryann. jiccccs of
tasscH, and swordcs drowned in tin- muddc of the mnrissos,
notwithstanding that it is well neere two huudntl ycres a
goe since this battel! was striken. And thus much for the
warres about the cities of Cheeronea, and Urchoniene. Now
298
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
the wAiTcs being pcwt in this sortc in Grfccr, Cinnn, and
Carbo dcit veiy cnivlly nnd unnntumlly nt Rome- with thv
noble men and groat«st perwnx: by ruoson whereof, many
flying their tyniiiny, went to SyluvK cuinpe, w unto the
haven of their hi-alth and fulnes of felicity, wj thi»t in nhort
timi; Syllft had on ut-senihly of u Kantaine Si-tiAte iihout him.
Mt'telln her sw-ife, hi* wife, haviiij^ stollcti avay vt-ry hardly
with liLT diildren, came to hring him newes tliat his hou!«e»
in the dtie and oontry both, were all burnt and deatioyed
by hiH enemies: praying him that he would go and help
them that yet remained at Rome. Sylla uppon hearing of
these newes, fell in great perplexity. For on the tone side,
it grieved him to see his contry so miserably afilicted : and
on the other side he knew not well how he might go, leaving
so great on enterprise as that wnrre was, and NjX'ciully ogainKt
a king of such might and iwwer as Mithridatcs shewed hini
sclfe to be. Arol being m these dumfMM, there eamc one
Arrhclaus a man^hant to him, bnrnt- in the city of Delium,
who brought him a wcret mi-sHitgi- fmm tliuther Archolaat,
king Mithridiite-t LJeuteDaimt : tlic which pleated Sylla so
wdl, that ill- desiri'd that Archelau.s and him iielfe miglit
mei-te and taike together. So at the length they met by
the nea aide, neere unto the dty of Delium, where there is
a temple of Apollo. Archelaus begaone to enter the talkc
with him, declaring unto Sylla that he would wish him to
leave the conquest of Asia, and of the rcalme of Poat, and
to retnme into his contry to tlic civil] warres at Rome : and
in so doing, the king would furnish him, not oncly with as
much money, hut with as many stiippcs and men, as be him
selfc would desire. Sylla npon this motion told him ngainc:
that he would wish him to foreake Mithridatcs service, nod
to make hJni $elfv king, offering to proelaimc him a frc-n<l
find confcdt^mte of the Romaines, «» that he would deliver
him alt hix iiavie which then ho had in htM hande*. Archelauit
seemed much to ahhorre to iu-aif him .ijieake of treason.
but Sylla going on with lii.i tale, rcplyed againe unto him :
Why Archelaus, sayd he, thou tliat art a Capnadocian, and
servaunt to a barbarous king, or his (Vend at tne least : hast
thou so good a hart with thee, that for all the benefits I offer
3B8e
SYLLA
Sylln iivor-
ciun« Arohe-
1«U( in twa
fani«ua
batt«Ui«t
CharoOM
nnd at Orcho-
T*lke b*tvrbct
SylliL kitd
Ari'helnuii at
Uioir tnwting.
SYLLA
I'Moocon-
diultd ht-
twttxt Svllk
andArelwUiu
laMitfari-
dMabebatre
•jioneaiMU-
CKMU,
Antielaa*
•uapneted of
trewou.
Aiiuiotitjmti
of Athent,
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
thcc, thou wilt not onoc commit mi ill net? And art thou
in deedf »u b(>l<lc to iiMAke to me of trewon, which luii the
RoiiiaiiK-x Littitvtiiuit generall, «nd SjrlU? Ak if thou vr«rt
not he, th«l at thv Iwttell of Chferones dtdest save thy wife
by flyingt witli a unal number left thee of »ix kok thowiand
fighUiia men, which thou before hoddest in iliy ounpe : and
that hid thv selfe two dayea together in the marbses of
Orcbomene, leaving the Scldes of BcEotia witii such beapea
of dead bodies, that uo man could posse for them. After
this rcplye, Archelaus altered his speech, and falling downe
at Syllacs fei-tc, humbly besought him to endi* this wart?,
and to make peace with Mithridates. Whcrvimto Sylta
Bunswcrcd, that he wu very well contented withall. And
thereupon peace vrruf. concluded bctwene them under con-
didoDx: that Mithridntt-^ should di-))artv from Axia the
leMC, and from Faphlit^^niiiii, tlmt lu- ^hou1d I^-^to^l- Dithynia
unto Nicoinedes, and (^nrnxuloi-iit unto A riiilMuyjuu's, that he
nhould pay two thowiand talents to tlie Komaintis, and geve
them three acore and tenne gallics, with all tlieir furniture.
And apon this, Svlla would also assure him the reiit of ha
lealme: and would cause him to be proclaimed a frendc
of the Romainea. These articles being past hy agreement
betwixt them, Sylla taking his jomcy through Thcstalie, and
Atacedon into the contry of Ileltespont, caried ArchelaUB
with him, whom he honorably intreated. For Archelaus
falling dauntrerously sicke of a disease iu the cttv of I.ariMH,
be stayetl tiiere for htm, and was vi-ry caJvfuD to recover
him, as if he had bene one of his chiefest Cnptaines and
oompanions. And this wax the entire that miufe Archelaus
to \k blamed for the battell of Chirronca, lis if he bad
not fnithfully fimght it out, nor Sylhi truly won^it, but by
treuon. And iu^ih', Archelau* wa* the more suspcctcfl,
bicauAc Sylla re4)(:livi.-red Mithridate* all hu wrvnimts and
frends whidi he had prisoners, saving the tyran Aristion that
kept Ath«t<k, whonte he i>i>ymi)ed, bicause he was Archdaus
enemie: hut specially, 'or the lands Sylla gave unto this
Cappadocian. For he gave him tenne tlinwsand lugora,
(or aker> of lande) within the lie of Eubcea, and gave him
moreover the title of a frendc of the Komaine^ for ever.
aoo
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
But SyII« denyvUi all thrsv Uiingcx in liis commentArieti.
Ill thf muuiv time, Ambftssiidow came from king Mithriikte*
unto Sylk, who to)<l him that the king their mai.iter ilid
ratifie atul accept all the article* of peace, saving that he
onely prayed him lie would not take the contry of Haphla-
goiiia from him : and aa for Uie gallics, he would not ao
much as once say he would proroifte thera. Sylla being
offended herewith, angerty aunawered them aeaine : Then
Mithridates, as ye say, meaneth to kepc Paphlaeonia still,
and refufleth to gevc the shippcs I dpmaundaf: where I
looked that be would have numbly tbanckiHl me on his
knees, if I left him hia right hand only, with the which he
put so many ItomMUc citixims to death. But I hope to
make him tell mc aii other tale, if I come mice into Asia :
but nowe at Pergamuni, he spcakvth hit iileosure of tliis
warrc which he hatli not »<.'cne. The Amtiasnadon l>eing
afrayed of hi« wordcM, replied not againe. Wlicreu|ioii
Arcn«lnus fp«ke, and bewught him witli tearea in hi» eyea to
be oont«nte(I, and tooke him by the hande. By intreatie.
in thctid he obtained of Sylla to sende him unto Mithri-
datt^ : promising that he would either bring him to agree to
all tliearticleaand condidons of peace that nedenmunded, or
if he could not, he would kill him selfe with his owne hondes.
Upon this promise Sylla sent him away, and in the meanc
while entred with his armie into the contrie of Mcdica : and
after he had dtstroyed the most parte thereof, returned
backe againe into Mact^on, where AJY^helaus being returned
from Mithridates, foundc him nccrc unto the city of Philippcs,
bringing him newt's that all should be well, howcbcit that
hi« master Mithridates prayed him he might snctike with him
in any cose. Now, the matter tliat made Mithridatc» so
eamext to sjwake with Sylla, was chicfely for Fimbria : who
having slainc FIimtcu'^ the Consull, being of the contrarie
faction unto Sylla, and certjiine of MithridaU^i Licutcmuintcs
also, went him wife agitinst him ti) iighl with bini. Mithri-
dates fearing his comming, cho,M- rather to make him wife
Syllaes frena. So Mithridates and Sylla met together in the
contry of Truade, in the city uf Dardane : Mithridates being
accompanied with a Itevte of two hundred saite of sliippes
SYLLA
Mithridatoa
excc|itIoti tu
tbv cuiiili-
Anbelnus
■cnt from
Sylln to
AlithriiLitM.
Sylla U)4
MithrldatM
mMtaat
Dorduia,
SYLLA
Tli« otoirliie*
ofSyll*.
MidiridatM
fixoiMiCth hitti
■elTe to SyUa-
nuDHwur lu
Mitliri<lut«!>.
Nloomedes
klttg of
BJtfi)-nk.
ArinbftnaDes
ktn^orCappa-
doco.
A iiundred
knil 6Aj
tliowaiuul
KoinaoM
tJaiiie ill one
lUy in Aai«
by Mllfarl-
dittvD (UID-
inatiii<)Mn«iit.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
with oK» At wwi, witli twenty thuwsiuid footcmcii, sixe thow-
muiiIl- [i4>r^, aim] ft niiitib<T ut annrd cnrtc^ with sytltea besides
by Iiuid, Sviln tiAviiif; oii<4y but foure enxigites of footemen,
and two hundred honvrnvti. MiUiridates went to Sylla,
and oRering to take him by tiie hand : Sylla s&ked him
first, if he did acce])t the peace witii the oondiciom which
Archclaus had agreed unto. Mithridates mado him nn
aunswcrc. Sylla following on hin tale, sayd unto him : It
is for outers to sjn-akir first, that have miUL-;tt to make ;
and for cuni)ucrors, it is cnoti^i U* Iiold thi-ir }>i;hi,'V, and
liearc what tlii-y will say. TIriiIk-jpui Mithricliitat to excuse
liim Mtrlfc, luid to tfty thotxasion of the warrc, partly uix»n the
urtUnaiince of tlie f^xide* that m> ha<i appointed it, and partJy
alMi uppon tht! Komiuim th<-ni .tc-lves. Whereunto Syllk
ivplyi-tl, that he had heard of long time that Mithridatee
waft au eloquent Prince, an<l that he knew it now bv ex-
perience, seeing that lie lacked no conielv words, to clofcc his
fowle and shamefidl dedes : but withall The shar^ily reproved
him, and drave him to confcsw; the crucltin he Iwwi com-
mitted. And aflcrwardi's asked him againr, if be did v«hi>
firmc that which Archdau» had done. MtUiritlateit made
auuswcr tliat he did. TIh-ii Sylhi xalutcd, crnhnuvd, and
kissed him : and calling for tlic kingtit Nicomedes, and
vVriobarEnnvs, rcconcilvtl Uiein t«getl«-r, and made Mithri-
dates tli«ir fn-ntle againe. In roncliiHioii, after Mithndates
hod delivered Sylla three score and tenne gallies, and five
hundred bow men, he returned by aea into his rcalmc
of Pontu». But Sjlla hearing tiiftt his souldicrs were
angrie with this peace made with Mithridatcs, bicausc
they coidd not abide to behold that king, whom they
accompted for their most cruell and morUdl encmv, (h/iv-
ing in cme eelfc dav eaused a hundred and Hfly ttwwKiuul
Itomanc citizens to oe slaini:, that were dixpenwd abrosde in
divers places of Axia) so to dtjiart^', and goc hi* way Mife,
with the richm and siwyk-s of^ tlie contry, which he liad
bei\-fl thnn of, and used at bis plea.sur»', tlie spaci- of forty
vcHii'n togctliiT : HintHwercd tlieiii in uxoum.- of him »e1fe, that
lie WHS not alilo to nuikc warreti with MiUiridates, and Fim-
bria both, if ojice Uiey were joyned together against him.
SOS
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
And so Sylla departing thmcc, wvut a^tnst Finibriii, who
then was ciicftmpcd nwn- to tli<! city of Tlnnlmuand lodged
him sclfc 08 neereunto him ii* hi- conveiiivTitly might. Nwwc
whili»it he wax compiuuiing in hin lodging with « trvudi,
Fimbrijiwi s<)uldi«nt cnpie Dut of their canip^ in tlieir contcs
without liny luiiior or weanun, to salute SyllAes noutilivn),
ftiid holpe tlitin very freimly to make up thdr trenehe.
^Vhil-h Fimbria seeing, and perceiving his aouldiera inin<lea
so chauiigcd, of an extreame fearc which he liad of Sylla, at
whose handes he looked for no mercy : killed him selfe in
bis owne campo. Sylla hcreuppun cxmdemned the whole
contry of Asia the Icsso, to [)ay the sumnie of twenty thow-
sand talciit«s nmongcKt them, uiid pn'«cntly also he undid
many |)oore hoitKcholderfi thrtxigh his iosolcnt soiildiers,
lying long njMin their charge, which ho left in garrinun then?.
For he ordniiied that t-vi-ry hoiiHeliiikier .-iliimld gt'Ve the
souldter that lodged in hi.i hmise, foun^ Tetrudnichmaii n
day, and should he hound to geve him and hin frendm (a.4
many as he would bring with nim) their .tuniK-r ol.v*: and
that e*ery Captaine should have fifty Uraclimas a day, a
night gowne for the house, and a garment to goe ahruade
into the citv wlien he thought good. \Vhen he had gi-ven
this onler, he departed from tne city of Ephcsus with all
his lleetc, and in tlirev dnyc«i sayling arrived in tlic haven of
Pimea at Athens, where lie was received into the fraternity
of thv mynteries, and reserved for him K-lfv the libntrie of
A[K.'lli<-on 'IViaii : in the whieh were the most iiart*' of
Aristotle and Theophraitus workes, not then tliougfit nieete
to mme in every mans handes. And tht-y say, that thix
lihrarie being brought to Uome, Tynuinioti tlie grainniftriiin
founile the meanes to extract a great parte of them : and
that Andronicus the Hhodian having recovered the originalln
into his hands, put them in printc, and wrote the summaries
which we have at this present. For the auneient I'erijiatet-
ickc Philosophers were of them selvei* very wise and learned
men, but they tuid not all Aristotles workes, nor Theo-
phmxtiis amongent tliem, and yet those fewe they had. were
not by Uiem »eene nil whole and [K-rfot-t together: bicsusc
that the goodc* of Nekux Scep«ian (to whom Tbcopbrastus
SOS
SYLLA
Fimbria
camped nt
'rbfiitira.
Fimbria sUo.
Sylta very
hardly in-
Irent^ii Uicm
of A«ift.
Aristotle and
TlieophrMtus
booke«.
8YLLA
Svlla ircot to
the bniJiM Kt
Adiptam Tor
Uie K<>»t« ill
hinIcgXCT.
Bubbin i>f
file rinitiK out
of a mc&uciw
fcr l>ym-
cbiutn.
ASatfT*
bJceik uleep-
bff,Hid
Mooglitto
8]^i.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
left all his bookcs by will) atmc to fait into the lioiuls of
meaoc igtiorant men, who kni-w not the vortiie und nttimtictui)
of them. And furtiK'nnoiv, SjUft Ix-ingnt Athviu luid »iicii
u ptuiio und numiK-iwi^ in )ii-( Icgx^-N "i"! w>-'« >» lu-nvy withal),
thut Strabo <:)ilk-tl) it a srpivi- of thi; gowte, that is to itay, a
feeling or viitring theriitto, which then l>egiuii>e to route aiid
take hold of liini. Upon which occasion Tie tooke tlie seaea,
and wi-nt unto a place called Adipsum, where there are
naturall hotte bathes: and there remained a while solacing
him selfe all the day long with muaicke, seeing of playes,
and entertaining such kinde of people. Upon a day as he
was walking by the sea side, eertainc fisher men mode him
« present of tiah, which pleased him mnr\'eloiis well, and
demaunding of thctn whence they were : they uimswiird him
agnine, that they wi-n; of the eity of Alca. What ? of Ales
s»yd he : Is there any of them yet li-ft alive ? wx-akinf^ it,
hicauKe that after Uie battel) of ()rcliomcne wlien he follow t-d
the cImiac of hiH enemies, he hnd taken and diittToyed thrt-e
citiet of lltL-uUa all at one selfe time, tu wit Anthedon,
Laryninn, and Ales, 'llie poore fliiher men were ao amaxed
with his wordes, that they stoode still, and could not tell
what to say. Sylla fell a laughing thereat, and bad them
So their wayes a gods name, and be not affrayed, for they
rought no small intereessors with them, which were wortit
the reckeiiiiig of. When Svlla bad geten them these wordcs,
the jVlleians went home wfth a mery harte, to gather them
selves together ngiuiic in their city. Sylla go psMing through
Tliessalin and Maccdon, caiiK to the sea fdde, intending to go
from tlie city of Dyrrachium unto Brundusiiim, with twelve
hundred »ayle. Tiieeity of Apollonia is hard by Dymtehium,
and tiiercalHiitti ix a {>arke eon>i,%-rttted unlu the nymphes,
where in a fayer gottdly grcene ineailowe in many placet
there commetli outgrcatbuiili-H of fire Uiat flame continually :
and it is sayd that there was a Satyre taken sleeping, even
in the very selfe same forme tlte painters and image gravers
have set liim out He was brought unto Sylla, ana being
asked by all sortes of interpreteis what he was, he made no
aunswere that a man could undentand : but only put forth
a sharpe voyce like the neying of a horse, or whynnying of a
3M
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
goat& Sylla wondering at it, nbhurrcd Iiim, and miuiv hint
to be caried from hini rk it monstrutw thing. Fiirtht-mKirc,
when Sylla had imharltLxl his uii'ii to pitKSC Hw w-h, he nas
afraycd that so suoiic a» thi-y wi-rv Inndtxl in ItitlJc, thi-y
would sjiritikc from him, and (-very nmn gii hunii' to his
ownc. But thi-y swure and ((roiniwd first of thnn selves,
tliiit they would tjiry an<l kc»-]K' t*>getlier, and by tlic-ir willes
would doc no liurt in Italii-. MortMver, perceivini; thnt he
staod« in tii'rtli- of money, they ofPred him of theirs, and
ewiy man to lend him as his ability served. But Sylla
would none, yet thanked them for tlieir goodwill : and after
he had exhorted tliein to fi^ht like ^'alliant sotildtcrs, he went
a^inst fifteene generally of armies uf his iiicniies, who had
foure hundred and fifty onsignes of fotjtcmcii wt-ll nrmcd, as
he him sclfe wryteth in hi* (.-ununi-nt/irit^. But the goddes
promised liini good forlune in his wjirn^, by nmiiy «imdry
apjmnuit signvH. For in a »tUTifiee hi; made by TartMititnt,
afWr he was nmw n laridi*, tlie liver of a certaino bcjuit
Mic'riHced, was altogether fariuned after the inniKT of a
cniwm.- iir garland of laurell, out of the which did lumg two
iHuidnt or miles. And a litle Ircfore he went into ('lanipania,
i>cere unto the niountaine K)>heum. there a])[K'ared two great
rtea in the day time fighting together, even as twu men
when they fight : which neverthelesse was no matter of
trueth, but a vision onely that apix-ared. and rising from the
earth dispersed it selfe by title and litle here and there in
the ayer, and in thcnde vanifihvd i|uitc away, as elowdes
which come to nothing. Shortly iiflvr. in the selfe name
I)Iace, Mnriu.* the younger, and Norltiuiii.-' the Consull, who
)rmight two great armies against hi»i, wen- overtliruwen by
him, lH.-fore he had set his men in hatteil, ur hatl appointed
any man hi» place where he should fight : and thin proceeded
oiiely upon the corage and life of his souldiers, whone good-
will to serve against them was such, as following tliis victory,
he compelled the Consull Norhanus after he hail slaine sixe
thowsande of his men, to take the city of Cajiua for hi*
refuge. This noble exploytr, (as him selfe reported) wa* the
cause that his men kept so well together, that they neither
went home to their houses, nor muue luiy reckening of their
3:QQ SOS
SYLL.\
SjrIU wrrit
uk'aitiiit fif-
nllH. »ii(l
To lire hit lid red
niid llfti*
SyllMM re-
tume into
Italic.
Kpbeum
muiis.
Sjllji over-
threw the
C'uuBull Nor-
btiiiuii Hiid
Atsrlus the
yoiuifrer
D«erc to the
mounUiiiui
Kphgum.
SVLLA
A nlnvn
fbnshcnred
Syllai!!! vic-
tory, anil the
burnlug of
the CapitoU
wblchfeU
out tnd)'.
A winde that
bicwe Ho vera
out of a
meadow upon
Lueullu
Muldicnby
the dty of
FideDtla.
LucuUus
Tiotory nt
FidcnUa.
SyllBMpiilicie
with Scjpiu.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
enemies, althougli they were many against one. And he sayth
furthermore, that in the city of Sylvium, there wa* a lUvt" of
ontl'ontiuBacitixen. who bcingc mspinil with a prophet ieall
spirite, came to tell him from tJie gotldesse 13elloiia, that hv
iJiould f!jw in strength, and carj' away the victor}' uf th«se
wan: biowbt-it that if he did not bye him the sooner^ the
Capitoll At Itomf xhoiild be burnt. And so it fell out the
^Aiat- day acconJiiig to hi.-< wurdcH, lieing thi^ sixteene day
of the n>oneth called (jiiintilitt, and now luly. Ami furtJieiv
more al»o, LucuUiu (one of S>'llaea <'aptauies) being neere
uato the city of ridentia with sisteene enaigncs onlv,
against fifty ensignes of his enemies, knowing his men to &c
rery well affeetcd to serve, bicause the most iiartc of them
were naked and unarmed, wfu> afraved to haxaid the battel :
and as he was even bethinking him silfe what wiu best to
dcterintne therof, there rose a litle winde out of ft goodly
mviuluw that blewe a woiiderfull sorte of flowew a|>u» the
»(>uldier» on every unrte of them. Thtsc flowent staynl
of Uieni aelva as tliey fell, Mimt- apon tla-ir targeti, aiul
otherii apon tlieir moryaits, without falhng to the grounde:
so that it seen]<^ tu their enemies a farre of, aa if they
had bene garlandes of flowei-s upon their heades. Tiaa
made Lucullus soiddicrs more lusty a great dcale, then they
were before, and with this good will they determined to
Mve a charge upon their cnemii-s : whom thcv overtlirew,
*\iK righteene tnowHuid of thetn in the field, and tookc
thi-ir campe. This Lucullus was brother unto Uie other
Lucidlus, that afterwards overthrew the kings ^tithridutCK,
and TigratKS. Nevertheles, Sylla iwrceiving that hi* enemies
lay round about him witli many grent pui^utt anuii-s, tbouglit
good to UHe nolicy with force: and tiierefun- practi.ti-d with
Scipio, one oi the CoiiHulk, to make f>eaee witli hiin. Sctpio
was willing to it : and thereu|)oii were oft meetings and
aasemblics of both sides. Now Sylla drave of the conclusion
of the peace as long as he could, still seeking occasion of
delay, to thend that his souldicrs which were throughly
nc(|iuunted with craft and ^ubtiitv as well as him selfe,
might in tlw mnuie time eorrupt bcipiocs souldJers by re-
payrr into his campc : for tkcy comming into Scipiocs
ao6
J
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
caiDpc, being very conversaunt with them, straight cor-
rupted some of them with ready money, other with ]]n.>mi»t«,
and otiiL-r with fayer flattering wotxla, and many goudty tales
tiiey told them. At the length, after this pructiHe had
continued a while, Sylta coniming nerc unto ScipioeK campe
witli twenty trnxigncs only : all ht» men saluted Scipioes
Rouldiers, and they reMiluUn^ Uieni againe, yelded them
selves unto Sylla, fto a« Scipio was left poste alone in his
tente where he was taken, hut thev afterwards let him goc.
So Sylla with hia; twenty enaignes, like unto tlie fowlers, that
by their stales di«w other nirds into their netts, having
gotten forty cn^gnes from his enemies by his craft, brought
them away with him into his campe. There it was that
Carho sayd of Sylla, that he had to tight with a foxc an<l a
lyon both: but that the foxe did him more hurte and mis-
chiefe, then the lyon. After this, Mariiis the younger having
fourcxcore and hve rniugncs in his campe neerv imto the
citie of Signiunt, privent4.'d bnttell uutu >yl\an who liaving
very good desire to fight, and specially on that day, bicausc
the night Itofore he had seene this vinion in hi.t drcante, that
he tliought he sawe MariiiK the father (who wa* deceased
long l>efure) warning his sonne that he should cnnie to him.
Sylu for thb respect desired roarvelously to light that day :
and thcrcuppon caused Dolobella to come unto him, that
was before lodged forrc from him. Hut the enemies slept
betwene him and home, and stopped liis passage to kcepe
him from joyning with Sylla. Syllacs souldien to tnv
oonlrarie, fought to keope the way open for him, "iUi so
grvnt labor luid paine, that tliey were all wearie and <)ver-
narried. And furthermore, then.- fell a marvelous great
shower of raine ujion tlicm at tJiey were busie, o]>«iing the
way, that troubled them more, tlien tite labor they had in
hande. \Vhereu|inon the private Cnptaines of the bandcs
went to make Sylla understande it, and to pray him to
deferr« the battcll untill an other day : showing him howc
the souldicre wearied with labor, lay downc upon their
targettes on the groiinde to take tlieir ease, sylla per-
ceiving this, wax contented withall, though greatly in decde
against hi:< will. But when h«' bad gvven the signall to
d07
SYLLA
SylLawuma
WemignM
iruni Sotfifo
lif |ioUde.
CarboM mf-
in^ ofSylU
tnuchiiiff the
foxe aud lytin.
Muiui the
youuKer wHh
85 eusi^ruM
prM*nt«th
Sj'llft iMktlell
liy ihe city ot
ttignium.
Syltaes vision
inhi8<lrcaine.
SYLLA
lbria>£edto
PmMte.
Gtfbofled
Into AfVickc.
llivlr-niiiu*
the Sttmnytt!
put Syllu
m KTcat
LIVES OF THE NORT.E
lodge, and that they Ix^^ine to trenclie nnd fortilk- their
uuniK : Mariua the 'yo'ingw commeth a Jwrsc backe march-
ing Dravely before all his companie, hoping to have siirpriMt)
his encinit's in disorder, tuid by that meanes to hjivi- ovtT-
throwcii them easily. But farrc otherw-isc did fortiim- Ibeii
pcrfomw' the n-vefation which Sylla had in hU fon'sayetl
(Irviune: for liis men fnllingc in a ragr wiUiall, h(t their
workc in th« trenchv where they wroiiaht, rtucke their
dartes uppon the biuicke, rnnne uppon their ei>emies with
tJieir swordett drawen, and with a inarveloiiK crie set apou
Uiem so valliantly, that thoy were not able to resist their
furie, but sodainly tunied their backer and Bed, where there
was a great and notable slaughter made of them. Alariua
their C^ptaine fled to the citie of Pncneate, where he found
the gates shut : but they threw him downe a rope from the
wall, which he lied about hU midle, and so v.as tricetl up by
it. Yet Numo wryten »«y, nnd Feiiestella atnong other, that
Mariu» never «iHe the bntt<'II : for beinp- wearied with Ul»>r,
and verie sKwpie, he laye uikIit siinie tree in the uluidowe to
rent a litlo, after he liad i^'ven the Mf^inll and u-ord of the
battell, and slejit so HQwiidly, tliat he (^>iilde xcaiit awake with
the noyse and fleeiuge of lik inoji. Sylla him selfe wryteth,
tliat he lost at this battell but tliree atul twcnlie men, slewe
twciitie thowsande of bis enemies, antl tooko eight thowsaiide
prisoners. His Lieutenaiintes also had the like good sueeesse
m other places, E*om]K-iiLs Craasua, Metelliis, and Sernlius :
which without any IwMe of their men, or but with a vcrie
SRUill, overtbrewe many great inigbtie annies of their onemiea.
Iiuomuch a» C^rlx), the liiiide and chiefe of all the eontniric
fiu-tion, am! bo I bat matt maintained it, Bed one nif;ht out
of hin cjunjH-, and went bevonde the wyiest into Africke. The
latt battell tliat Sytlii Imif, wan againxt Theh-^inu* Samnvte,
who eomming like a frL->4}i champion to n-t n]M>n him, oKen
he was alr^idy wearied, and bad fought many Imttelts,
had almost slaine bim even at Rorai- gates. For 'llielcsiniw
baviiige gathered together a great nundier of souldiers with
one Lamponius Lucanian, marebcd witli all spenle towards'
the rity of Fncneste, to deliver Marius the younger that
was Ix-sieged there. But underetandingr that Sylla on the
308
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
one side, came in ji^cut hnstc nlso to metft« liim, aiid tliftt
Pon)|Kiniiis came Ix-hiiido him on tJii* otlier »ide, and per-
coiving, moreover th«t the wiiy wnn so shut up, that be
c-utild neither go forvrdrd nor buckcwturd : being a valliant
winldior, niid one that liful bene tii many great fowhtcn
fioldt-s, most daungerotetiv wnturvd to go sfught to Ronic.
And so Mall- away by night witli all his whole power, and
mardiing to Itome ward, had alnuiHt taken it at bin lirat
eoniming, for tliat tliere was neitlier watch »or ward kept:
but be stayed happely tenne furlonges from the gate Collins,
bi^agging witli bini selfe, and lielering that he iihotdd doe
wonders, for tliat be had n>ockcd so many great C«plainw,
'iTie next morning betimes came diverse yoimg noble men
and gentlemen out of the citie to skirmlshe with Tln-k«inu» :
who slue a great number of them, and among others one
Appius Clauuitis a yoimg gentleman of a noble house, and
very honest. Whereuppon (as you may easily imagine) the
citv trembled for fetire, and »j)eciany the women, who fell
« sbreeking, and running >ip and downe, as if tlu*v had Ix-ne
all taken. Hut in this gn-nt fean^ and tnmble, Dalbus
(whom Sylla bad wnt) ejiine first with seven hundri'd horee
Sion tlie spunv, anil dtaying Imt n litle t« coole and gev*
oni breath, hridelud ^miglit againe, and went to Hct apon
the enemiftt tlioreby to ntav thiin. Sonne after him mme
Sylbt alno, who conimaundcd hif> nion that eanie lifKt, quiekely
to eate somwhat, and Uiat done, put tJum Ktraight in battell
ray: notwithstanding that Dulobella mtd 'roi-i|UHtit> per-
Hwaded him to the contmrv, and lie.'kougbt liini not to put
hiH souldiers wearied witli Uieir jomey, to so great and
manifest a daunger, and tJie rather, bkautte they had not to
fight witJi Carbo and Marius, but with the Samnytes and
Lucimee, who were (both) warlike nations and gooil Houldiere,
and ttit^se iH-sides that most deadly hated the Itomane^.
Itut for cdl that, Sylla dravc them backe, and eommaunded
his Iroinpets to soiuide the alarome. being almost within
foun lioureH tif nigbt : and this battell was sharper and
more cruell, then any other that e^er he fought before. The
right wing when- Cnwsu* was. bad the better much : but the
leift wing wa.s very M>re distn«»i-d, and stoode in great periU.
SYLLA
SVLLA
SylUM
SylU fl«d.
I.ucrotiui
■Umd Muriim
ioPRnMU.
latbeeiidcuf
Mvlttslife it
is rei)ort«d
(>antTar!^th«t
RvlU biwleged
Mariutt the
rounir«r iu
Wrunia, uid
not m Pn^
n««te.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
Sylla hearing thereof, nnd thiiikiitff to belpc it, got up upi>ot]
a whit4> ccMjnwr that wa« both dwifl. and very strong. 'ITie
iiWRiivs knvwe him, and thvrv w^re two that lin«d up tltetr
an»e« to throw their dartes at him, whom lie a&w not : but
W» page gave hiM horse Huch a laih with his whippe, that he
inaae niin %a to girtl forward, as the very pomtes of the
darles catiie hand l>y tJie hone tayle, and stucke fast in the
grounde. Some say that Sylla had a litle golden image
of Apollo, which he brought from the city of Dolpltca, bdJ
iu time of wanes ware it alwaycs in his bosomc, which he
then tooke in bis hand, and kissing it, sayd : O Apollo
Pythias, hast thou bo highly cxalt«l Cornelius Sylla, so
fortunate hiUierto through iw innny famous victorivM, and
wilt thou now with slianie overwhi^lmi^ him wl«)lly. even
at the very gntcs of Im owne natumll city luiiong his eontry
men ? Amino crying out to Ajmllo fur hdpe, tliru.it into
the prtiiue among ni.t men, intrcaiing Home, thrt'atniiig others,
aitd layiiige apuii tltc rent to stay them. Hut for all he
coulde doe, all the left winge of his army was broken and
overthrowen by his enemies : and him selfe amoncest them
tliat (led, was compelW to recover his campe with specde,
having ItMt many of his frcndcs and familiars. There were
moreover many citirxms slaine and troden under fwtc (both
with horse and men) that came only to sec the battt'll
fought : so that they within the city thought tliein solves
utterly undone. Lucretiiu Olfellu furtliermore (he that
iKsieged Mariiis in tint citiv of Pnenest*-) had almoftt raiwd
his Mege, upon the wordi-x of them that fled and eamc thither
fnwi tlie liatlell, who wiKliL-d him to remove with all speedc
pOMible, for Svlla was Hlaim-, luiil 'llielesinus had taken
Home. Now anout midnight came tertaine souldiers (mm
Crassus to Syllaes campe, and asked for meate for Crassus
supper, and nis mens, who hannc chased his flying enemies
whom be had overthrowen, unto the city of Antrmiui (which
thev tooke for refuge) had lodged his cuni|>e there. Sylla
unoert tan ding tJiiit, and being mlvertiwd Unit the n«wt [>arte
of his ent-mies were ovcrthn)Wen at this lMtt«-ll: wwit him
sc'lfe the next morning Wtimufl unto Ant«-roiia, where tliree
timwsand of his eiieniics sent to know if be would receive
810
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
them to mercy, if they yelded tJiem selvca unto him. His
aunswer was, that lie would pardon tlicir lives, so ks tliey
would do some miachicfc to tneir fellowes l>efore Uiey camt^
to him. These three tliowsand licrcupon trusting to his
promise, fell apon their conipanions : aud for the most parte
one of them kdled an other. Notwithstaodin^, Sylla having
gathered all those together that remained of his enemies, as
wcl the three thowsnnd, as Uic rest, amounting in all to the
number of six thowsnud men, within the sliuw place where
they used to run their horsc-s : uhilest he him suif held a
couiuell in (ho teniplv of the goiiiit-wtt- IVIlona, niid win
nuking liia oration then.-, he haii itppoinU-<{ certeii to set
upon tnuse six thciwsund, and put tJiem to the sword every
man. Great and t^-rrible were the cries of Hueh a number of
meiislaineinsosmallaroome, asniany may ea-sily conjecture:
insomuch as the Senators sitting in eounsell heard them very
easily, and marveled what Uie matter was. But Sylla con-
tinuing on his oration which he had begon with a set steady
countenance, without chaunging of colour, willed them onlv
to hearken what he sayd, and not to trouble tliein selves witfa
any thing done ahruadc : for they were but ccrteii oflenders
and Ivwd persons that were piminbed by his curamauiidement.
This was enough to shew the simplest Homnne in Rome, that
they had but only chnimged the tymn, but not the tyranny.
Now for MnriiiH, thiit Iwul Ik-tic ever of ii (-hurliNli and Meverc
natun^ even fnmi h'vf chlUihond, lie never ehauiiged for any
authority, but did rather harden his natural .ittiblHtnie^.
Where Sylla contrarily in the beginning, was very modest
and dvill in all his prosperity, and gave groat good hope
that if he came to the autiiority of a prince, he would favor
mibility wel, and yet love notwithstanding the benefit of the
people. And being moreover a man in his youth geven all
to pleasure, deliting to laugh, ready to pity, and wcepe for
tender hart : in that he became after so cruell and bloody.
Uie great alteracion gave manifest cause to condcmne the
ioOPeaae of honor ana authority, as thonly meancs wherby
mens roaiicrs coiitirmc not such iw they were at the first, but
sUU do chaunge and vary, making sonte fooles, others vaiiie
and fantasticall, and otliers cxtreame cruel and uunaturall.
SYLLA
.1000 Mvuil
llirin si-lve* I
Autenuia :
HI 1(1 y«lile<l I
Syll« upon
pramlie of
life.
KvIIa Agnlut '
w law of
nrmci and
his pr(>mi»F,
caused Huic
tliou-«aiulm<
to be oUiur.
Honor
chsuuKeth
coiidicluiii.
Sylln Die
example.
SYLLA
InAnlte miir-
tbeneoniinlt-
t«(l In Rome
bf %lliianil
hw fnvomii.
Thu b<iMii«K
of (!aiu«
Mrt«Uu*. to
tell S)-lln 1>»
cruoltjr In
open i^eunW.
SjrOuapro-
floription.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
But whether tKat altcracion of nature citinv by chnuugtng his
stnte (iiid cntiilicioa, or that it wfu; uthvrwi»c n vitilviit brfjik-
tDg out of liiddcti mnlii-e, which then uinie to xhrwe jt aelfe,
when Hie w»y of liberty was layeil ojk-ii : Uiis iiiAtter i» to be
dt-x'ideil ii) soine other treHtif^.*. ^> it cniiK> to jMt.<»i*, that
Sy)l» fell t<J sheiuiinf; of bltHHl. rmd tilled all Rome with
intinite Hiid iinspdikeitble luurthert: for diverse were killed
for private (|UHm'l!i, th»t hiid iiotluDs to do with Svlla at
any tinic, wlio Nulfi-red hijt frendti fma those about hint to
workc their wicked wills. Until at the length there was a.
young man called (>»ius Mi^tcllus, tliat was so bold to aske
byllft in o{>en Senate, when all the^c miseries should end, and
when they should know that all the niischieves were finished,
the whieli they dayly sawe. For said he, we will not intretktc
you to jMinloii life, where you have thn'tttiivd dnith : but only
to put Ukiii out of douti whom you have detennincd to xavo.
Wnerunto Syllii iiimle iiunswer, that he ««» init rwolvwl
whom lie would save. Mett^'llus rvpltisl. Then ti^ll t» quod
he, who they are that idiidl dye. Sylla nuxwen-d he woultl.
liowlieit some my it wa-< not Mt-tellus, but Auliiiius one of
Ilia flatterers, tliat spake thi.i Itutt word unto him. Where-
fore Sylla immeiliatly without making any of the ma^istratfl
privy, caused foure score mens names to be set up u|»on tmslea,
whom he would put to death. Every man being ollended
witiiitl, the next day following he set up two hundred niul
twenty meii-t naini-K nxire: and likewise Uie third day as
many mon-. Heniiion, ninkiiiir an urutioii t«> Uie [H-ople, he
told them o!«idy tliat he htul ap|u>inted <U1 Ihein to dye,
tliat he coulo ad) to remt-tnbmtnioe : howbeit that hervafter
he woidd appoint them that should dye by daies, aa he did
call them to niinde. \Vliosoe\'er saved an outlaw in hitt
house, for reward of hi.i kindne.-f, he hiniselfe was cod-
demiied to dye : not excepting them that had received their
brothers, their somies, tlieir fathers, nor mothers. ^Vnd the
reward of every horoycide and niurthcrer that killed one of the
outlawes, was two talentcs : though it were a slave that had
killed his master, or the sonne that had slaitie the fatlMT.
Hut the most wicked and unjust act of all wivt, that hi-
(Icprivvd the soniies, and suiuies KunucK of thein^wliom ho
31S
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
had killed, ut all credit aiid good name, aiid t>i-siJe!« tJint,
had taken all their gtmds as conliftcate. And thin wa-t not
only done in Iloino, but also in al the cities of Italic tliruugli
out : and then? was no temple of any god whatsoever, no
uiiltcr in any l>odiea house, no liberty of hospital, nor fathera
house, that watu not cmbrued with biood and horrible murder.
For the husbands were slaint' in their wives armes, and the
cJiildrcn in their mothers laps: nnd yet they which were
Klaiiie for privati- hatred luid tiialici-, were notliiiig in re-
spect of those that vivrv inurdenHt oidy for their goods.
And lliey that killed tlK-m iiiielit well sny, his gixMlly gn-at
hoiiM- tnrnle thai man dye, lii.« gmxlly faycr garden the
oUier: and hiit hotte bathes an otlu-r. As aniongicst othcrx,
Quintus Aun?!iu8, a man that never niedled with anv thitige,
and least looked that these cvills should light upon liim, and
that only pitied those which he sawe so nnserably murdered :
went one day into the market'place, and reading the bill setup
of the oiitlawcs names, found hi^ owne name amoiigest the rest,
Mid cried out alowde : Aliu the ihiy tluit ever I wo^ borne, my
bouse of Allm mnkeili me to 1k' put to death. He went ntxb
farre from the niitrket place, but met with one that killed
him iiR-M-ntly. In tlie iiK-aiu- time, MariuM Die younger
seeing he euuld by no muimi-s 4-^npe if he were Oiken,
slue him selfe. And Sylla eommiiig to I'neneste, did Krst
execute Uieni by one anil by one, keeping a eertaine Forme
of justice in putting them to deatJ) : but afterwardes as if he
bad no lenger leasure to remaine there, he caused theni all
to be put in a place together, to the number of twelve
thowsande men, whom he caused to be put to the sword
ever>- man, saving his host only, unto whom he sayd, that
he snewed him siKtially favor to sue his life. But liis host
aunswered him stowtly agnine, that lie would not lie Iwhold-
ing unto him for his life, seeing he ha<l xlnine all the nwt
of his contry men : and so thruxting in aniongi'st tlie eitiKens,
was willinply sUinv with them. They thought the act of
Lueiuit Caiihiu- «!->(> vei-y straungt*, who had slaine his owne
brollnT iM-fore the ei\iU warre was ended : and then prayed
Sylla to ]>ut him in the number of the outlawcs, as if his
brotlier had bene alive. SylU performed his desire. Gitiline
ii : im SIS
SYLLA
The murdCT'
tif uutluww
through Italy
(juiutUB
Aur<Jiu». a
i\ui*\ man
Uint m«dl«d
not, Klaine for
hi> h<nlM.
Moriui tli«
vi>uii)>i-r ulue
Lim selfe at
Pranieattf.
HyUn tlue 12
ihowsaudmeo
in PneuMt«,
being piit all
into un« place
Ufgethar,
Luduii Ciiti-
liaa nlu^ hill
owue brother.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
SYLLA Uiereuppon to liJiewc his thaokefulneise for the pleasure Sylla
liad done him, went presently, and slue Marcus >{arius, who
was of the contrary faction : and brought him his head for a
present before all the jieople, in the uiidJcst of the market
place whiTe he was sitting. When he had so done, lie went
and washed his handcs uin>l<>udi(-d in tlM- hnltuwcd font of the
temple of Apollu, tlint wax Iiard by. But betiidi^ so many
munlcrs commitU'd, yet wtre there other things nl«o that
grieved the pe»nle nmrveloUHly. For he pruchLinicd him
flvlU sclfe Dictator, which oilk-e Iwul ii«t bene of mx wtn- yvan»
Dictator. Ix'forc ill um-, and uinde the !s«-nat»' disclmrgi! hitn of all
tluit was [>H.it, i;<^^inf{ him free tilK'rty arierMnrd^-s to kill
whom he would, and to conlUcate their goudes : to destruy
cities, and to build up new as he listed : to take away king-
domes, and to geve them where he thought good. And
furthermore, he openly sold tlie goodea con6scate, by tbe
crier, sitting so prowdly and stately in Ids chayer of state,
that it grieved the people more to siv those goodea packt up
by them, to whume he gave and di.s]KMicd them : then to see
them taken from those tliat had forfeited them. For torn-
times he would geve a whole contry, ur the whole revenues
of oertiuuc citt<s, unto women fur their bcavi-ty, or imto
piouauiit jca»t4-n, minstn-IlK, or wtcki-d xluvcs mode free:
and unto nome, he wuidd gt.-ve other men* wivw by fom*,
and make tlu-in to Ik^ maned agiiia-^t their wilU^ For t>c
dniring (liawe»oever it happeiiMl) to iiiakc alliance with
Pompcy the great, cominauuacd him to put away his wife
he haa maried : and taking j^^ylia (the daughter of
/Gmylius Scaurus, and of Metella his wife) from the great
Glabrio, caused him to niarv her great with childe aa she
was by Glabrio : but slie dyed in childbed, Ui I'oDipeyis
house. LucretiiiA Ollella aL«o that had brought Marius the
younger to that di!strc»e iit the city of Pncnc«te : suing to
he Consull, Sylla comnuuindcd him to ccu»e his Mite. But
he notwithstandingc Uiat expretcsir i-omiiuiutidement, went one
day into the market platv, with a great tnune of im-n follow-
ing him that favored his (uui.«e. whither Syihi M-iit <Hic of
Lucretlua Im CentuHoiM Uiat slue Olfella lieforu (UI tW )>eupte : him
OffetU lUine, »elfv sitting in a cJiayer of estate in the tvmiilc of Castor and
SH
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Pollux, and seeing front nbove the murder done, l^e peoplv
that werv itboiit Oflt-li/i, Iiiycd liold of tlie niiirderer striiifrht
and brought him bt-fon- Syllii. iJut Syllit bad them bu iiuiet,
that brought the Ceiitiirion with tumult, (uid that tliey
should let Iiini goe, bicauHe he cumniaunded liim to do it.
Furtlieniiore as touching his triuinjihe, it was a sumptuous
sight to behold, for the rarenes of the riches, and princely
spoyles which were shewed at Uie same. But yet was it so
much tlie better set out, and worth the sight, to see the
banished Uomancs, who were the chiefcst noble men of all
the city of Itomc, following his cliarct triumphant wc&ring
^larlandM of Rowers on th<:ii' header, calling Svlla thdr father,
and savior: bicautH: Unit by his niciuics tnt-y n-tumed to
their contrv, and rccovcivd their f^odM, wivw, and cliildrm.
In the end of hix triumphe, he niodo an oration in open
awcinbly of the people of Koitie, in the which he did not
only declare unto them (at-tording to the cuntome) wliat
thinges he hod dune, hut did aa carefully tell them also at
well of his good fortune and succes.se, an of his valliant deedai
beaide) : and to conclude his oration, told them that by
reason of the great favor fortune had iJiewefi him, he would
from thenceforth be called by them, Felix, to say, happy,
or fortunate. And he him selfc when he wrote unto the
Greecians, or that be had any thing to do with them : nir-
named him sclfc Epaphroditus, aa who would say, a picasaunt
man, beloved and tavorcd of Venus. His tokens of triumphe
which arc yet in our contrv, have this superscription : Lucim
Comeluts Sylla Ejmphrodihis. And when his wife Mctella
had bnmj^lit him two twimK«, u »otme and a daughU-r: hv
iiamctl hi.t sonii« FAUKtti.-(, signifying fortunate, and his
daughter Fauitta : bieaiii>e the Komaritw adl Fmtstum that,
whidi falleth out pros(K.Toiwly, and hapjwly. To be short,
l»e trusted so much unto hiK goiKl fortune and doingci, that
notwitliatanding he had killed and put so many mt-n to
death, and had made so great a chautige and innovation in
the common wealth, yet of him sclfe he left of his office of
Dictator, and restored the people to the authority of elec-
tion of Consults againc, without his presence at the election :
atnl frequented the market place as a private man among
Old
Tilt order i
SylluM
triumphe.
Syllam
twinnea,
niuned
Fnustu* uidl
FnuRtA.
Sylla iMvet
hi* UicUtor]
vhippi!.
8TLLA
Mm«us L»pl-
Contull.
Um people.
yttw oWt
aiul upward.
hj*oiriioln<TC>l
ha nuwlv.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
the citiwtu. ofti--riiig him selfe to every man that would aske
him ncc4inipt of hia doings past. It happened that a stowt
atid nuth enemy of his was chosen Consul! against bts will,
cnited Marcus Lepidus, not for any devotion the people liad
to Lepidua, hut onely to gratifiv Pompi-y, who gave coun-
tenaunc« and favor unto him. SylU Nreing Pompi-y coiiie
mery honicwardes from the election, tmd joyfull that he had
obtained his frendcs sute from nil other stiti-re : tookv him
a side, an([ told hiui : In de«.-de thou bnKt great cauK to
rejoycc, young man my frotide, for thou liast dotte a goodly
actc : to choo»e Mareiis Ixqiidu.t C^nsull, the veriest as»e tn
all Rome, iH^fure ('atuluN tlie honestetit man. Hut I tell thee
mie thing, thou hjuide!>t imt m-de to nteqie: for tliou hast
Htn-ngthened on enemy, that will be thine owne destniction.
And Syllii proved a true prophet : for Lepidus being bent
to all cruelty imniediatly after, flatly fell at debaunce
with Pompey. Now Sylla consecratinge the dismes of all his
goiidea unto Hercules, made exceeding sumptuous feastcs
unto the Romanes, the provision whereof was so unreason-
able great, that every- day tliey thrcwe a great deale of meate
into tlie river, and tiiey (Iraiike wine of forty yeares olde and
above. During thuie feiistvs which continued many dayes,
his wife Mctelhi sickened, and dyed, and in her sicketies the
Priestes uiul SoothxAyore willed Syila he should nut coinc
neere her, nor sulFer hin house to Ik- polliiti-d and defiled with
mouniin;; for the deiul. Whereiijion Sylla wan itivonsed
fn>in luT in her sickencs, and eauKed her U> be cAried into an
other houM-, wliilo^t she livmi. And thus dirl Sylla curiouKly
obiterve tht^ Hupersticion and ordiuauncc of tite Sooth!«ayers :
but yet he brake the law which he mode him nelfe, touching
tlie order of funeralls, sparinge no coat at Metellaes burial).
So did he also brcake an other order him selfe had made,
touching tlie reformation of banckets : comforting his sorrow
with ordinary feaAtes, full of all vanity and laseiviousnc^.
\\'itliin H fewe monethes after, he had fcnsers games at the
sharpe: and the roumes of the Theater being open and
miKeveri'd, men and women sitting together, it fortuned that
there wjis a faycr Lady, and of a noble house, that sat hard
bv SvUn, called Valeria : she was the daughter of Mcssala,
'31"6
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
and ntit«r of Hortensius the orator, and had bene divoreed
not long before from her hu&1»nde. 'ITjis Ladv passing by
Sylla behinde him did softly put her hand on hia shoulder,
and tooke a licare from of his gowne. and so went on to her
1>lace, aitd sat her downe. ^^vlia niarvcling at this familiarity,
Doked earnestly upon her : It is Dothing my Lord, (auod
she) but that t dcsin- with others to be purUiker a litle of
your happines. Her words misliked not Sylla, but con-
trarily he shewed that she hiul tickled him with them : for
he K-nt strnif^lit to n.'tke her name, and emjuinxl of what
hmvw she was, luiil how she limi livod. But nfti-r many slye
lucres U-twuic tiietii, Ihi-y tunieil Uieir faw* one to an other
upon every occasion, with prety wniyling countenaunces : no
tliat in thi- end, they came to promitte and contract m&riage
together, for the which Valeria was not to be blamed. For
though she wan am wijte, iia hiincit, and as vcrtuoiiH a Lady as
could be jx)ssibie, yet tlie ix^asion that made Sylla mary her,
was neither good nor conniiendahle, hicause ne was taken
straight with a lookc and a (inc tongue, as if he had bene
but a young boy : which commonly snew forth the filthiest
passions of the niinde, to \k bo caried. and with such motions.
Now, notwitlistanding ho had this fayer young Lady in his
house, he left not tnc company of women minslrvlls and
tuniblcrK, and to have pleasaunt jeasters and musitiaii^ about
him, with whomo he would lye wallowing and drinking aJl
the day long, upuon litle cowches mode for the tioiiest For,
hi» mnipanions tnat were in greatnft estimucion with hiin at
that time, wen^ thew- three : Itosc^ius a maker of common
playes, Sorex a prince of st-iifier^i, and one Mctrobins a ringing
inan, whom he wa.s in love withall while he livi^, and yet
did not dissemble his love, though he wiis piLst age to lie
beloved. This wicked life of his wa* caiisi^ of increasing hi*
disease, the original! caust.^ whereof had a light foundacion
at the firet For he lived a great time before he perceived
that he had an impostuuu- in his body, the which by proccsse
of time cun]c to corrupt his flcshe in such sortc, that it
tum<Hl all to lice: so that notwithstanding he had many
men about him, to shift him continually nigbt and day, yet
the lyoe Uiey wiped away were nothing, in respect of them
317
SYIXA
Valeria, de-
sirDiu to tie
unrUkeruf
SyllsM hap pi-
nes.
Sylla niarit<d
Valeria, tliL-
Bister uf llur-
UDsiiu tlie
Orator.
SyI]B«tIin|HM-
tutne turned
to Ij-ce.
SYLLA
Divers tiiin unit
mini thatilyed
of lyce.
Syllnat com-
nieiiUriM
contAina 22
bgokes.
Syllaei Kontia
tnat u'us dtfud
Appeared tu
him In htfi
dreMii« in
ill fnvtired
nplinrcll.
Gniiiuii
■tTHUjteled ill
S]rila«t eight
by hbowne
commmiide-
IMDt.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
that mullipljcd atill upon bim. And there was neither
apparell, linncn, iMthcs. washing, nor mcatc it spUc, but waa
presently filled with swamios of this vile vcrmine. For he
went many times in the day into the bathe to woshe and
dense him Bctfe of them, bet all would not serve : for the
chaunginfT of his flesh into tills piitriturc wonne it strttieht
fl^lK. that tlierc was un clrnxing, nor shifline of tiim, that
could kepe such « number of lyce from him. Some my, that
in old time (ainonp-st the most Aimciciitest men, whereof
thertr i.t any meiiiorv) Aco^tus the !)onne of reltan, dved of
the lowAie evil! : an^ lung time after aUo, the Poet Alcman,
and I'hcrecides the dcvine : and so did Calli&thenea Olvnthian
in prison, and Mutiua a wi^ie lawyer. And if we shall make
mcndon of those that are famous men, although it be not in
any good matter: wc findc that a bonde man called Eunus,
he that was the first procurer of the warrcs of the bondmen
in Sicilia, being taken and earied to Rome, dyed also of the
same dioense. Furthermore, Sylla did not only foresee his
death, but he wnite some thing of it also : for he made an
end of wryling the two imd twnitv booke of his coinmvn-
taries, two dayes liefore he ilyed. tn that booke he xayth,
that the wise men ofChaldi-n biul told him long K-fon-. tliat
after he had IivmI honorably, he nliould ciide his itiiyeA in the
flower of all his proajH^rity. And there In- sitytii also, tliat
his Sonne (who deiiarted a litle liefon^ his mother ^letelia)
appeared to him m hie sleepe, apparrelled in an ill favored
gowne, and that comminge unto him, he prayed him he
would go with him unto Mctella his mother, thenceforth to
live in peace and ri'st with her. But for all hb disease, ho
woidd not geve over to dcalc in matters of state. For tcnne
daycs before his death he pai-ified a sedition, and tumult,
riMO aniofu; tlie inlnibitantes of the city of Putcohtnum (in
Italian called PoiEyx>lo) and ttterc he gave them lawcs and
ordinaiinces, wherby tlit-v shoidd goverae them selves. And
the day liefoi\' he dywl, ht-ariiig that Graiiius who was in
debt to the commtm wenltli diTt^rnsI |wymiiit of his money
lookins for hia death : he sent for him, luul made him come
into his chamber, and there caused his men to eoinnasse him
about, and oommaunded them to strangle him in )>ix Kight.
818
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
The passion of his anger was so vehement against him, that 8YLLA
by the extreame stiaitiinc of him wife, hv brake the impos-
tuDie in his body, so as Uicrc gush€(l out n wontk'rfull (fcalv
of blood : by reason whrrvof his strength failing hitn, he was
full of {mine and paim>s that night, niid so dyed, h-aviiig Sy)lae«dmth.
the two Irtle childim lie hml by Metella. For Valeria wtw
brought to bed of » <lniightcr alU'r his dciith, whidi vrat
call<xl PoKthunno, bicftui«e thv Roiimiu'jt call those children
that Arc borne after Uie death of their fatht'Rt, Poithumi. PoHAumi,
Now when Sylla was dead, many gathered alwut the ('onxull
LepiduA to let that hU luidy sJiould not be honorably hurled,
as they were aoeusti>med to bury noble pjeu and men of
quality. But Pom()ey, though lie was angry with Sylla,
bicausG he had gcven him nothing in his will, and had
reracmbred all his other frendcs : yet he made somt for love,
some by intn-ftty* and others with threatning to let it alone, SyllaM
and avcontptinying tlie corps into Home, gave both safety '"'i*™'*'
and honor unto the perfonnance of his funemlls. And it is
aayd »l*o, that the Uomane Lndies, amongest other things,
bt'stowwJ KiK'li a iiimnlity of perfinnesFiiid <>(lorif<'R>us matter
towardei the wine : that besides thooe which wi-re brought
in two hundred and teime greitt baskets, tliey made a great
iinagt- to tlie likenea of Sylla hint selfe, and an otiicr of a
serifeaunt caryine the axes l>efore him, all of excellent ineence
and svnamon. \Vht'n the day of Uie funeralls came, fearing
least it would raine in the forenone, all the element being so
clowdy : they deferred to cary forth the body to be burnt,
untill past three of the clocke in the aflcmone. And then
rose there such a sodainv hoysterous winde, that it set all
the stake of wodde straight a firr, that the body was burnt
at a tryce, and the fin^ going out, fell a great shower of
raim- that held on till night: so that it seemed good
fortune following him even to hi» ende, did also helpc
his obiwouicH after his death. His tomln* is to be seeno Syll»Mi
ui the fielde of Mare, and tbey My that he him sclfc "piuphi!.
made his owne epitaphe tliat is wrytten niion it, which
was: iltat no man did e\'er passe hiin, neither
in doing good to his frendes, nor in doing
miachiefe to his enemies.
319
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
THE COMPARISON OF
SYLLA WITH LYSANDER
OW Uiat WL- htit'L' nt Inr^^ alto wt forUi Uie
life of the Komane, let ua uxiie to com-
pare them both together. In tliia they
are both a like, that botli of them grew
to lie great men, rising of tliem selves
through their oirae vertue : but this only
is proper to Lysandirr, that all tho ofBccs
aiiiJ dignities wluch he attaJnc-d tmto in
the common wealth, were lajvd upon him through tJie jH-oples
good wills and eonKeiiL-'. For hi-eonipelleti them to Dothingf,
neither nsurued he uiiy extruortliniirie autliuritie uppon tttuni,
vontraric to lawe : for, a» the cominun Miying is :
Where mrtialitie, aiiil disoorde unce dou Tnii^iie :
There wicked tneu nre mutt eeteemde, luid rule uitli grcat«t Ksine.
Aa at that time in Rome, the people being eorruptet), aiid
the state of government utterly subverted and brought to
nouglit : to day there rose up one tyranne, to mopow an
other. And therefore we niay not wonder if Sylla uaur
ajid niled all, when Kuch fellonca as Glaucia and SatumintB^i
did both banish and drive out of Rome such men as MetelUis
was: and where also iti open assembly they slue Consuls
sonnes in the market place, and where force of ajrmes was
bought and sold for gold and silver, with the wh)c}i the
souldiers were corrupted ; and wlwit they made new lawcs
with fin- and .<wonl, and forwd men to obey the same. Yet
1 Kpeake not thi^ in reprnoche of liim that in sneh trouble-
Koine time* founde mcanes to make him Kclfe the grattest
Tho chicTe man : but to tihvw that I mea.''ure not his honesty by the
ppnHiaUnot dignity he grew unto in so unfortunate a city, altliougb Iw
atwaj^wthc |)C(!anie the cldefe. And as touching him tliat aime from
Sparta (at what time it florishid uiot^t, and vrai the btut
governed common weale) he in all great vauHot, aiid id most
880
huumt«Ht.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
honorable offices, was reputed tor the liest of all betta, and LYSANDER
the chiefe of all diiefes. Wherefore it liappeiied, that the *'"'
one resigned up Uie authority to his contry men, the citi/-<'iȴ, SYLL.\
which they haa geven him, who also restored it to him agtiinc
many ana sundry times: for the honor of his vertue did
alwayes remaine, and made him justiv aecompted for the
wortliicst man. Where the other being once only chosen
general] of an army, remained tenne veares continually in
warres and hotitilitic. making him sdfc by force, sometime
ConsuU, somtime vice Consul), and somtimc Dictator, but
alwayes continued a tyranne. In dcdc Lysoiidcr attempted
to chauDgc, and alter the state of govemmtMit in his contriv,
howbcit It was with greater lenity, and more lawfully then
Sylta did. For he sought it by rwwon.and good pcrswasion,
not by the sword : neither would hv innke n chwunge of the
whule at oni- sclfi- time ns Sylla did, but souglit only to re-
ibrme the election of kingeii. 'ITie which thing acc^ording to
nature, doubtlesse seemed very just: that he which was th«
best amongest good men, should l>e eliosen king of that citie,
which was the chiefe over all Greece, not for her nobility,
but for her vertue only. For like as a good hunter doth not
seeke for the whelpo of a good dogge, but for the good
dogge him selfe : nor a wise man of armes also, the colte
that commeth of a good horse, but the good horse him selfe.
Even so, he that taketh upon him to stablish a civill govern*
mcnt, committcth a fowte fault: if he lookc of whom his
Prince should be borne, and not what the Prince him scife
should be, oi>nsid(.'ring that the Lacodicmonians them wive*
have dcprivi-d diverse of their kinges from their en iwnv and
rcaime, oicntwe they were not Princely, but tmprofitable,and
good for nothing. Vice, although it be in a noble man, yet
19 it aJwnycs ill of it wife : hut vertue is honored for her
selfe alimc, and not bicAiiNc Khe is placed with nobility.
Now for the wronger and iojurio Ihoy both committed, the Ly*an<l«ra
one did worke only to iiK-asun- his frorides, and the other to •"<' Syll»«
offend them to whom lie wn» bounden. For it is certaine, '""'**■
that Lysander did great wronges to gratifie his famillinrs:
and the most parte of them whom he put to death, was
to cstabli&h the tynmnicall power of certaine his frendnt.
8:ss aai
LYSANDRR
AMI
SYtUV
Lftnitn
tcmperaoce
and mode-
ntt« Uf*.
SyllnM liomu
tiduaund jirti-
dig«ll Ufn.
olwll nying.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
\Vhere Sylla sought for spite to take away his army from
Fompey, and the Admirallty from Dolobella, which lie tiim
selfe hail s<^eD, and faiised Lucretius OfTelU to be slninv
openly in his owne fight, bicause he sought to be CuiikuI),
for n'Oimncncc of the good service he hiul done : fcir which
cruelty ofhis, causinge his uwne frendcs to be rslniiie in sueh
sorte, he nuule every man ufeard of him. Fiirtheniiore,
tlieir behaviors toucluug oovetousrRv and {ilcMure doth aliew,
tbat thv intent of tlte one was the desire of a gDo«l I'riaoe,
aiid ttie other, that of a tyranne. For we doe not finde
that LytMider, for all his gn-ut Printx-ly authority, did ever
use any jntujleiicy or hi>eivi(iuKiie.s in hin dei-de-s but alwavefl
avoyded an much a.i a man might, the re[>roache of Uiis
common proverbe : ' Lyons at home and Foxes ahroade': He
led such a true Laeontan life, straightly reformed in all
pojiites. Whore Sylla could never moderate his imlawfull
lustes, neither for poverty when be was young, nor yet for
1^. when it came ii[)on nim. But whilest he gave hiwes to
the Uomniim touching mutrimoniall hDm>stie and chastiUc :
him »elfe in the iiH-aiic time did nothing but follow love, and
commit ndultrivs, kk Salust wr<,-tt*tb. By nteiuH-K whereuf
he so mucli im]H>verished Rome, and left it so voyde of gold
and «iKx*r: that for n>ady money he »>ld absolute free<lome
unto tlte citie-t their eonfcdemtvjs yet wiui it h'w (hiyly study
to confiscate and take for forfeit, the richest and most
wealthiest houses in all tlie whole citie of Konte. But all
this ajxiyle and havokc was notliing in coiupariHun of that
which lie dayly cast away upon his ieasters and flatteTers.
What sjMuing, or measure may we thuiKe he kept, in his gifles
at private bmickets ; when openly in the day time (afl the
peojile of Home being present to see him sell the goodes
wliicli be had cattM-d to he confiscate) he made oue of his
freiMJCK and fumilians, to tritsse up a great deale of ttotise-
liold HtufTe, for a very litle price. Aud when any t)th<'r had
out bidden his price, luid tliut the crier had eriul it out
alowde : tlien wan he angry, aud wiyd : My frendi^t, I have
frvat wrong done me here, not to sulTcr nie m-II tlie sjMjile
have gotten at uiinc owne pletuttn', imd di>{>0M.- it as I list
inv selfe. Where Lymnder contrarily M>nt to the coninwo
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
wealth of Sparta, willi other uioiwy, the very prpeentes that LVSANDER
AND
SYLLA
were gcven to him selfc, Aiid yet 1 do not commcndo him
in that deede, Foi, peradvontnrc he did more hurt to
Sptrta, brining tiitthcr that gold and tdlver: then Sylla
did to Rome, in wa:(ting and consuming that he conmimed.
Howbcit I allca^' this onely, for jiroofe imd declaration that
Lysaiider wiw nothing covetous. Tliey l>«th liave done tliat
unto their citie, which m-ver any oth<T hiit tliem wives did.
For Sylla being a riotous mid liocnttoiiK man, brought hi«
citixeni* iiotwitJistatKliitg to good order niul government :
and Lysondcf eontrnrilv filleu hiH citie with vice, yet not
infected withall hin» si-lfe. 'Hiiis were they l)oth onVndon^
the one for breaking the law he eommaimded to be kept,
and the other in niakine tlie citizens worse then he was
him seife : for he taught the Spartans to desire those
thinges, which he above all things had learned to despise.
And thus much eoneeniing peace and rivill government.
Now for matters of warre anil battelb foiigbt, there is no
comparison to be made of Lysunder to Sylla, neitlM-r in Syltu fbr wan
numoer of vietorit% nor in huHinl of battell. For l>v*ander tu W pre-
wanne only but two Ijatteils l>y »ea. Iiesidw the Ukiiig of the fentdMote
citie of Alliens : which (though I grnunt him) l>eing rightly '^^"* *''
considered, was no givat exployte of warre, howheit it was
a noble act, considering the fame he wan by it. And an
for things which happened to him in Ikeotia, hard by the
citie of Aliartc : a man might say peradventure that he had
ill hieke. Hut yet me thinkes also there was a fault in him,
for that he stayed not for king Pausanias aide (the which
came from Platees immediatly after his overthrow) and bicauae
he went in a geere in fury, and in a vainc ainbition to runoe
hia head against a wall : so that men of all sortes makii^ a
desperate salye out of Alin^t1^ upon him, shie him there to
no purpose. Farrr unlike to C'leomlm>tus that din! at the
bnttell of Lcuctres, rcwisting hi« enennc-i that dintn-3ts<-«l his
meti : nor yet like CynL-s nor Eimminonda-s, who to keepe
hid men from flying, and to geve them a.<t!>ured victory, re-
ceived hiR deadly wounde: for all these men dyed tike noble
kings, and railiant Captaines. Where Lysanaer rashly cast
him aetfe away, to bia gKut dishonor, by too much venturing:
LYSANDER
AMD
SYIXA
Sf III fmigtit
witb inaD ixf
power and
»rereain«
them.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
proving thoivbv, Ui«t the auiK-ic-nt S|iartam tiid like wise
invii, to n\'(>)'ik- the light with Hnilfx. For the noblest
and v«]]JM)t«»t niaii tlwt i-s or p<KtAil>te can be, msj' easily
be Ko slaine, not onely by the tint iiouldier that commcth,
but by every sedy woman or cliilde. As they say that the
worthy Adiillod) was killed by Paris within the very gates
of Troia. Now to the contrane ngaine, the victoncs tJtat
Svlla waune in set battells, and Uie thowsandcs of (■m.-miest
wVich he slue, are not easilv to be niunbred, bcwitli^ also
that he tooke the city of llome twise, and tlie luiven of
Athens : not by famine as Lvsander did, btit by fon.v, after
he hod by many KTcat battclls driven Archclaiu out of firme
land, into the niaine «^ It is to be conwitb.ivd nUo, against
what Caplaines they niadi- wamis. For mc thinkes it was
but a ptutime, m a mm might ny, for Lysander to fight
with AntiochuK, a |iylot of AlcibindvM, or to surprise and
decdvv Philoclut, a common omtor at Athenii :
Murli nurse t)ii>ii twu eJ^il ttwiml. his busle toi^M diJ ■Mm* :
miicli )initled Mil], and liunesUe djd oervr oncv ectoewe.
And whom Iklithridates (in my opitiion) would not voucho*
safe to compare with his honwkeeper, nor Marios witli one of
his sergeauntes or mascbean-rs. Hut to leave a side thv
iiarticuuir nain«s of all other Princes, Lordeii, ConsuUic,
Vnrton, Cl^Aptaincs, and Goremont that made warre.^ with
Sylla : what Roniane ('aptitinc was then.? more to l>e fearvd,
then Jhfarius? what kin^ living wa» there of xiich jiower as king
Mithridates ? And of (ietiL-ralU and Ui-utenauiitt^ of armies
in all Italie, were there any ev<-r inon- vidliant, tlien Lampo-
nius and Thelesinus : of the whieh Sylla dra\-e the one away,
and brought the other to obey hiin, and alue the two last ?
Btit the greatest matter of all tliat we have spoken of yet, in
my opinion was, that Lysander did all his noble actee, v.-ith
the aide of his whole contric i where Sylla to the contrane
did his, (hcing banished from his eontr)) by his enemies.
And at the selie same time that they drave Syllaes wife out of
Rome, tliat they ovcrthrewe his houses, and slue his frcndcs
also in Rome : nc notwithstanding made warrcs in the mcanc
timv with itifiiut« thowsandcs of fighting mcu in Bceotia,
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
and viiitrvd hix person in manifold ilaungera, »» tliat in the
end he con()Uvred tlii-in nil to the honor (uid betidit of his
coutty. Fiirthormoiv, Sylla would ncvvr Ktoupe to king
Mitlmdatei, for luiy particular allyance he olTred him,
neither yeelde unto him for any aide of men, or money, to
warre a^nst hiti enemies ; hut a thing most chiefely to he
noted above the rest, he would not voutiiesafe to sjjcakc
to Mithridates, nor to take him by the tiande oncly, before
he had spoken it with hb owne mouth, and faithfully pro-
miaed, that he would forgoe Asia, deliver him his gallii-s,
and geve up the realmes of Bithynia and Cappodoeia unto
their naturkll kincics. This mc thinkes wat thi- fi>oodli<«t act
that eviT Sylhi did, and procn-ded of the gn-iiti-st magna*
nimity, to h«vi- prvferrwl tht- bent-fit of the cummim wealth
In that «>rte, Ix-fon- his private cuuimudity. For tlieriii
he wa« like unto a cockI gTx;yhotmd that fintt pinchetli the
deare, and hoUletli him fust, till he luivv uwrthrowen him :
and then afterwardes fulloweth tlie recovery of his owne
private i|uarrell. And lastly, me tliinkos it i« easily judgi'-d,
what ditlircnce tlien,- was betweiie tlieir two natureis in that
they did lK)th tuwnnles Uie citie of Athens. For Sylla
having taken it, after Iht- eitixens had made fierce warres
with nim for the ineream> of king Mitliridates greatncs: yet
he left it free unto titem, enjoying their owne lawes. Where
Lysander to the contrary, semg such a mighty state and
Empire as that, overthrowen from the groat rule it bare, had
no pity of it at all, but tooke away the iibertie of popular
eovenuncnt, whereby it had bene governed of long time
before : and cstahllslicd there very cruell and wicked tyrnns.
And therforc in mync opinion, we shall not much swarw from
troth, if wc eevc this judgement : that Sylla did the grvat«r
acts: and Lysander committed the fewer faultni. And
that wc gcvi.- to the one the honor of a coiitin<-nt and
modest nuin : and to the other, the cnmmenda-
cion of a voiliant and skilfull aouldier.
LYSANDER
AMD
SYLLA
Sytlaes mtif(-
nsuimlty.
I'luUrfceit
judgement of
Sylla aoil
au
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
THE LIFE OF CIMON
Pwipoltunnd
hia poaterit)'.
ERIPOLTAS tlic Soothsayer, he that
brought king OpheltJis out of 'i'heasalie
into tbf contrj- of Baotia, with the
i>copIc which wtfT iindrc his obi-dicnce :
li-ft A [lOkt^-rity nAt-r him tliat long time
Horishwl in Uiat nvntry, the mure f»rte
of the which wt-n:- ewr rcsidnit in the
city of ('hieninL-H, hinkiisi- it wti.* the first
city that wtL-< coti4)iMTe(I from Die Imrlmroii^ people whom
they expulmil tltenoe. All they thst vaine of tliat moc,
were commonly men of great oora^, and naturally geveii to
the warres: wlm were so forwaro and advtntumiw in nil
daunj^ra thei-of (in the invasions of the Medi-s into Gruece,
and in tlie battells of the GauleH) that they were slaine all
of them, but onely Damnn (a Ittle childe left fatherle^w
and motherlcsse) Buninmed I'eripoltas that escaped, who for
goodly pcTsonage uid noble contge excelled all the lusty
Tie nuinen youthcs of his time, though othcrwis«> he wm niT ntdc, and
""■* ' "" of a seven.- nature. Now it forttined, that when Dumon waa
growcn of full af;!', a Roiiinne ('aptiiiiie of ui eitsignc of
footenien (lyiiiR in gtirriwm for the winter »«a«on in th«' citi*
cJ Chirronea) fell in grt'At love with Damon: and bicnuse
he could not ren]>e the fntte^ of hiti dishoneiit love by no
intreaty nor cifl^ there appeared vdiement preimnpttonH
that by force ne went about to abuse him, for that Chseroneii
at that time (being mv naturall city where I was Iwrne) wan
a small thing, ana (being of no strength nor power) title
regarded. Damon mistrusting the Captaincs villanic, and
detesting his abhominable desire watched him a shrewd
tume, and got eertaioe of his companions (not many in
numhei', btcause he might the morr secretly compasse his
tnterpri«e) to bo a counsel with him, and take his parte
against the Captuine. Now there were a sixteenv of them in
consort together, that one night blacked their bees all with
aa6
and lewd
mrtflMof
bamnn Peri-
pultai^
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
sootc, (Uid the next inoniing after th«v hud dronke together, CIMON
by the bfx-jike of day Act u|k>ii tliis Komtine Captaiin-, tJmt
wiu nikkirig ^acnticc in tlie iiiark<-t pWe, and >\\ie liiin with
u good number uf his nieii : and when they had dune, fled
out of the citie, which was Rtraiglit in a great uprorc for the
ulurther ooroinitt^. 1*hereuppon they called a counsell,
and in the market place condemned Damon and his con-
federates to suffer paines of death : hoping thereby to have
cleared their iimotciicic for the fact done to the Roraainefl.
But the sclfc sainc night, as all the magistrates and officers
of the city werc at supper together id the townc houoc
according to their cu«tomc : Uuinon and his followers stale
upon them Kuduinly, slue thviii all, and fltnl aguine upon it.
It chuuniK^ about that time, that LuciuK LucuUus being
Kent on somo jnniey, passed by the city of Chierunea with
hw army : and bicau«> this miirther wa.i hut newly done, he
ktayed there a few dayes to examine the troth antl urigiiiall Luciu* Luoul-
tliereof. And found tliat the commons of the citie were in lu*e""n"mrtli
110 fault, but Uiat they them selves abo hod mvivitl hurtc: ^emrther
whentpou he tookc the souldiers of the Koinarics that
remained of the garrison, and caried them away with him.
In the meanc time, Damon destroyed all tlie contry tlicn-
al}oiit, and still hovered Dccrc to the citie, inHomucli om the
tnbabitantes of the same were driven in the end to send unto
him, and by gentle wordes and favorable decrees handled bint
BO, that thcv intvscd him to come againe into the city ; and
when they had him amougcst them, they chose liim Gyni-
naaarchuK, to say, a mantcr of exercises of youth. But
shortly afU-r, a« tliey were rubbing of him with oylc in hi.i
stoovc or hott£ hoUM*, ntarke luiked ax he wiu, they slue him Dumun aluiue
by treason. And bicausc tluit there appeared sprights of ^y treaiuiu.
Imig time after in that place, and that there were heard
groniiigK and »ighingtt as our fatlient tolde iik, they caused the
don^ of tlie hotte house to l>e nidled up : yet for all that,
llicre are visions scene, atui terrible voyee» and crie.-« hcani u]
tliat selfe place unto thi» present time, as the neighbours
dwellinge by doe teatifie. Now they tliat were di»cen4led of
this Damon (for there arc yet of his race in the c<jiitrie of
rhoddes, necre unto the citie of Stiris, who do only of all
as7
d
amoK
tbc troth.
HlMarte, to
• MrtalM
A prrty
■isillitud*.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
etfatf both kcepe Uw ki«i»e» and mocis of tk AaU«»)
m ***'*'' nJOOKNIiailt MgBu^IWB DlKU^Bao MHDCTnl Wltll
note: bicaiw thrt Dknoa odlm fcOowM did y^ke their
hwwfthMBfc yrtaa tfcqriluettgB— BBeCytifae. Bottlw
■ad ihtrtcm tbeir n>gT n i ff'i bTcnd od inCDmer of
m«*Hy™ meeaaetf to acciue Uk vbole dtie, (as if it had bene
flOe privste pcsiaa •looe) for the inurtbo- of tbe ! **——«—
vlione DuBon and his eaaqaaiaa* had drinf The todite-
OKiit WW drawen. and the OM flwdeJ bdbfv the gDvemar
of Maeedoo, for that the Bowiw did Knd no g oremoia
at that tioie into Gmxx : and tfir wiimwIVif tfaat pleaded
for the dtie of Cbxrooem^ rdled upon tbr testiiiiaaie of
Lndus Lucvilui, referring them acmi to Ue rcporte, who
knew the tnth. and bow it waa. T Tta e u poB te (^ovonor
wrote nnto him, and Lucullus in bii letter of auimrnv
adrutbtd the tci^ troth : ao wa» our dtv dcared of the
■ecuntioD, which otberwMe atoode in oaumer of utt«r
deatnictioEL The inhabitaBtea of the city of Charaoea, for
that tbejr had escaped the daanger bj testimonie of Luciua
lAcnDoa, to honor him wtthall, th«Y set up hi* image in
■tone ia tiie matlcet place, next unto' the image of Baosbtia.
And we abo that he linng at this preaent, tboqgh many
jreana be gaot and passed sence, do ootwiihstandiiw reekcA
our selves partakers of hb foKTWUwed benefit. Anabicsuse
we are powadrd, that the image and portraiture that
maketh ta acquainted with mens manners and eoulieioDs, t*
' Cure more excellent, then the picture that rrprnnitt^h sn;
Bam penon or ihape onlv : we wiU comprvhend his life and
doingn acoordin^; to the troth, in this volume of noble mens
livca, where we doe compare and K>rtc thrm one with an
other. It shalbe sufficient for i» therefore, that we shew
our selrm thankcfull for his bene6tT and we thinkr, that be
himsrlfc would iniUtke for reward of hi* tnie te^tunonie, to
W m(uitcd with a favorable lye told in hU behalfo^ But
like a« when we will have a pasmn^ fnyer face drawen, and
lively cnuntetftated, and that lutli lui vxcellcnt good srace
witiudl, yet aone mannrr of bletuni^lte or im|)erfection in it :
we will not allowe the drawer to kitve it out altoeetber, nor
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
yet too curiously to shfu-c it, bicauHC thv one would Uefonne
the countcrfratc, niui tlie other nmlcc it vt-ry unlikely. Even
so, bicauM.- it is n hard thing (or to lutv better, peniaventure
inipowible) to ilwttribt? ft man, whose life should altogether
be innocent, And jK-rll-ct : we must llmt ^tuily to wr>'te bis
vertues at lur^-, and thereby seeke perfectly to re^iresent the
truth, e\en an the lifi- it selfe. But uliere by chaunce wc
finde certaine fiiultes and errois in their doiiiges, proceeding
either of pasaion of the luinde, by nevesstty of the time or
state of the oommon wealtb : they are rather to be thought
imperfectionn of vertue not altogether accomplished, tncn
any purposed wickedncs proceeding of vice, or certAJnc
malice. Which we sJiolI not nccde too curiously to espreiwc
in our hiBtory, but rather to p(bt»e thcni li<{titly ovit, of
reverent shame to the nieere fniycltv of iiinn-f riatun-, which
cHii nut bringc ffwrth a man of kucIi vi-rtue aiid fHTfiVtiun,
but thcHT is ever some impi^i-ctiun in him. And therefore,
conxidering with my wife unto wbome I might compare
Lucullus, I (hiiii<rht it lH>t lociinnmre him with Cimon.bicauAe
they have bene Ixilli vulliant ainildiers against tlieir enenii(%,
having butli done notable exploytes in warreft againat the
barbarou.H pit>plo : and moreover, they have both bene cur-
teous and mercifull unto their citizens, and were both the
only uien that nacttied the dvill warres and disscntion in
their contrie, ana both the one and the other of them wan
notable victories of the barbarous people. For then; wi»s
never Greecian Captainc iKfore Cimon, iKir Komane Cuptaine
before LucuUus, tnat had mode warres so fnrrc of from their
contrie leaving a parte the dccdcs of Biiediu.'' and of Herculm,
and the deedcs nJso of Pcixeus, against th<^ .^JthiupiiuiH, the
Mcdee, and the Armenians, and the dcedt?! uf laMtn al^i : if
there rcmaine any monument extant »ince their time, worthie
of crwiit in these our dayni. Furthermore, herein they are
to be likeni.-d togellver : that they never ended their warres,
they only overthrcwc their aiemies, but never overcame them
altogether. Againc, they may note in them a great resem-
blaunce of nature, for their lionestie, curteeie ana humanitie*
which they nhewed unto straungers in their contrie : and for
the oiagnifiuiucie and aumptuouwes of their life and ordinane
3 : Tr
CIMON
I (owe to d»-
■cribe the lifts
uf n mail.
C'ltnnn, and
I.uniilliia la
whnt thin^
thw wor«
Itkr.
CIMON
CbMoa
Thactdrdw
MlltladMdItd
iopffaon.
Cbnua il«-
firnm] ill his
yotth.
Cotlmaat,
IbeU.
CniMMu ouo-
diciofu.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
exptaice. It mav be we doe leave out soine other amUitodn
tietwene them : bowbeit to the discourse of their lives thrjr
will easily appeare. Cimon was the sotinc of Miltindcs and
of UeKesipvIe, a ThraHan woman bornv, and the daughter oT
king Inorus, as we findc wn-ttcQ in certaiiic povticall vcnei
which Melanthius and Archclaus have wrytten of Citnoa.
The father of Thucjdidcs the historiographer him aelfe, who
wu of kinnc also unto Cimon, was called in like manner
Olorui, Amnng bv the agiveii^ of the oame. that this king
OlortH WM one of his aunccstcn, and did abo potacsse mines
of gold in the conti^- of lliracia. It i* «yd moreover that
he d)..-d in a certainc place called tl»i- dit<liie forrert, where
he wa<k nlaine : honlteit tluit his aahcH and bones were caned
into the contrtc of Attica, where hia tombe appearetb yet to
thb day, aniongeiit the touibcs of theui of uie bouse and
bmily of Cimon, neere unto the tombe of Cinums ownc siiler
called Klpiiiice. Notwithatandiiig, lliiKydidea ww of tlic
villa^ of Aliraus, and Miltiades of the t-illage of Ladn.
Thif Tkliltjades Ctmons father, bein^ condemned by the state
to |iay the eumine of fifty talentes, »-as for no» payment cut
intu prison, and then- dyed : and left Cimon and hi* sister
Klpinicc alive, both Oiphancs, and very young. Now, Cimon
in iii" Unt young yoires had a veiy ill name and rcporte ro
tliu dty, l>t-ing counted n riotous yotmg man, and a great
drinker, following his giandfiither Cimons faciona up and
downe, aa he had alao his name : Mving that htn grandiathGr
for hi» beaatlines was Mimamied Coalemos, as muoi to sar as
foole: Stesimbfotu-s lliasian, who wn» about Cimons tunc,
wrjrteth, that Cimon never leamvd musike, nor any other
of the liberall sciencea aocustonuibly taught to young noble
mens sonoes of Greece, and tliat lie had no shame wjt, nor
pood grace of speaking, a vertut- proper unto children borne
in the contry of Attica : howbeit tJiat be was of a noble
minde, and plaine, without diasimuladon, so that he mther
lived I'eloponnesian like, then like an Athcoiaa For he
waa even wii-h as the Poet Ktiripides described Hercules
tobe:
S80
A limpU mail he wss, and MitU not well dligvlM:
A> boii«st cice in thingts of wMgbt, as wJt muU wtU ieriae.
I
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
This sen'ed fitly to be ftppliixl unto Stmrnbrotus wordvs CIMON
wiytt«i of him : but notwithsUndinK. in his first youneo
ycares he w«s guj«pected of inauitiiK-ncy with his sisttT, who Elpiuice
in (leetle otherwi*e had no very good name. For slic was ("imonatirter
very familiar witli tlie painter Polygiiotus, who pnintinc tlic ""'"■*'■
IVoiai) Ladies prinonerv, upon the woIIm of the gfuK-ry,
called tlie Plesiatiaction, and tiow P<Gcile : (to my, »et out
and beawtified with divers pictures) he drue (as they say)
Laodices face upon P'.tpinicrt picture. Thia painter Poly- ['olynnotm
gnotua was no common artificer nor hierling, tliat painted *•>• p*int«r.
this gallery for moneys sake, but gave his labor franckely to
the common wealth, as all the historiographers that wrote
in that time do witnesae : and as the Poet Mt'lanthius also
reciteth in these verses ;
At hia oirne proper rharre, grent cuM he lifttli be8U>«eil :
In decking up our temple* here with gihed roofe« emiwved.
For honor of the Kodtles. And in our townc likewiBC,
He hutli ndomd the i^ommoii plnce, with mnny k Itiic dcviie,
Pkhiting nii<l netting forth, in lUtely show tn stfD,
The imager ofAemy icnddot that hcr« omonKCtt uii be.
Yet some say that Etplnici- did not si-cn-tly compnnio
with her brotht-r Cimon, but lay with lum ojx-rdy as his
lawfull maned wife, biaiuM' nHc <»tild not for her povi-rty
haw a husband of like nobilitic and parentage to her K-lfe.
Howbeit, that a ccrtaine man called Callia*, l>MHg one of
the richest men of tlie citie, did aftcrwardes fall m fansie
witli her, and dt^ired to niavy her, offering to pay her father
Miltiadea line of tiftie talent^ wherein he stoode condemned
a dolitcr to the state, so that he might have her to his »-ife.
I Cimon was contented, and uppon that condicion maried his
sister l^lpinic^ unto Callias. Iliis notwithatandingc, it is
certoine that Cimon was somewhat amorous, and gevcn to
love women. For Melanthius the Poet in ccrtaine of his
elegies, maketh mencion for his pleasure of one Astcria borne
at Salamina, and of an other called Mnestra, tw if Cimon
had bene in love with them. But undoiilcdly, he lovwl
his lawcfidl wife I.sodice marvelous well, the iiaught«r of
I Euryjitolcmus, Megacles Sonne, and tookc her death vei^
f grievouslie, ns wc may cotijvctiire by the elegies that were
^ 3S1
Glplnlc^
beinft poar«,
had re^nrde
to tnutche Hc-
cordiiigtoher
state uid
caUiiig.
Cimon tubject
to luHcivioua
lir«L
ditiOM.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
CIMON wtyttcn unto bin, to comfortc hint in his Mrowe. Panatius
the Philosopher ia of opinion, that Archclaus the Phiaitian
wrote those eWim: and sure it k not unlikely, considmng
the time in which the? wore wrjtten. But furthonnore.
The prdM of CimutiK tuLtiinr lunl <-onaicioits dvseneil gn.'wt ooinmendacion.
Cinuiu con- For htN valliiiiitiie«»e he gwvc no plow unto Miltindcs, and
tor \iu wi«tlonK- and juJgcinent, he was not inferior unto
I'heniistocles : aiiij it ih out of all doubt timt tic wax a juster
and hone&ter man, iJten dtlxT of tlieni botli. Fur Ik- wm
equal! witli the l>e»t of either of hotli in the dii^ipiiite of
warres, and for the vailiaiitnfsse of a nohle Capt&ine: and
h* did much excell them both in the properties of a good
governor, and in ttiadministracion of th« affayres of a citie,
when he was but a voungc man, and bad no experience of
worres. For when 1 heDiistoelcs at the comminge in of the
Mcdes coiniselh'd the |K-opIe of Athens to goe out of the dtie,
to leave their kndes tuul eontrie, and to shlp^x' into galliea,
ami (i^ht with the barlmrous people bv wa m the straight of
Sitliunina: i\s cvene man was wondennge at his bolde and
vcnturoitx counseil, Cimon wiu the liret miui that went with
a life ai]d jnlitte through thu .itrecte Ccrumirun, unto the
cttiitell, acvom[>anie(t with htK youiwe &iniliiu> and com-
panions, caryingt* a bitte of a oridle in his hitnde to con-
secrate unio the goddejjte Minerva, signifyingt; Uterehv, that
the eitie had no neede of horsemen at that time, liut of
mariners and sea men. And after he liod gvven up his
oiTerins, he tooke one of the targettes that hotige uppon
the wall of the temple, and havinge made his praver unto
Minerva, came downc to tJie haven, and was the first that
made the most parte of the citizens to take a good harte
to them, and coragioiisly to leave the taiMl, and take tlie
sea. Besides all this, he was a man of a goodly stature, as
Ion the Poet tcstiticth, and had a faycr curled heare and
tJiicke, and fought bo valliantlic at the day of the battel],
that he wannc immediatly great rcpntacion, with the love
luid gixxl will of cverie man. So that many wen- still about
him to etieonige him, to be lively and valljnnt, and to thinke
Uienoe foortli t<i doe some aeten worthie of the glorie that
hia father had gotten at the iMttvU of Maimtnoa. jVnd
33S
CimoDcpcr-
•oiucfl com-
ttimuitd.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
afterward)^ no aoone as he begaime to duile in matters of
st*t«t the people were marvelous gUd of him, and were
wwried with 'Ihemistocles: by meancs whereof Cimon was
presently advaunced and prderred, to the chiefest offices
of honor iji the citie, being veiy well thought on of the
common people, bicause of his soft and plainc nature.
Moreover, Aristides also did givatlie fiirder his odvaunce-
ment, btcausc he sawe him of a good giiitlc iiiiture, and fur
that lie would um.' bim as a coiuitix-{>c{L.M7 to cuntroll TIumius-
toclcs cmft aud stowtaCTse. Wlien^'forc aftvr tht- Medcti
were fled out of Greece, Cimoti being »cnt for by the
Athenians fur their gericriill bv ^.-ii, when the citie of Atlictw
hiul tlit-n no niiuiner of riili> nor eoiinnauiidement, but
followed kinj:;e Faui«aniax and tite I^rediemoniima: he ever
kept hi-Hi contaie men and eitiicens in marvelous good order
in all the viages he niade, and they were readier to doe good
service, then any other nation in the whole armie wltat-
soerer. And when kinge Pausanias had practised with tlie
barbarous people to betraye Greece, had wiytten abo to the
kinge of Persia about it, and in the meane time delt very
cruelly and straightly with the confederates of his oontry,
and committed many insolent partes by reason of the great
authority he had. and through his foolish pride whereof he
was full: Cimon iiirre otherwise, gently entertained them
whom Pausanias injured, and was wilhng to licarv them.
So that by this his curtvou« manner, tiie Ijicedu-monians
having no eye to his doingcs, he stale away the nile luid
conimaundement of all Grecctr Trum them, and bri>u>;ht tlie
AtheniuiN to lie sole Iconics of all, not by force and ciuvlty,
but by liiK Hwcvtc tongue, and gracious manner of iiMng till
men. For the nioxt itarte of ttic confedcruteK l)ejng no
lengcr able to away with PRU,«nia.i pride and cruelty, canw
willingly and submitted them Helves under the protection of
Cimon and Aristides: who did not only receive them, hut
wrote also to the i-ouiisell of the Kphores at lAeeda?mon,
that they should call I'ausanias home, for Uiat he dishonored
Sparta, and put all Greece to much trouble and w&rres.
And for proofe hereof, they say that king Pausanias being
ou a time in the citie of Byzance, sent for Cleonice, a young
CIMON
CimoQ Geoa-
rail for th«
Atheoiau*
by tea.
KiuK Piiusaii-
1m urough
his inaoleney
nndDrlde.loDtt
th« Laxvdir-
muiiiniix all
Iheir rule of
(irccce.
tine Ti^n«.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
CIMON nuddca of a noblt- liuuae, to take hU pleasure of her. Her
pftKutet dunt »ot keepe her from him, by reason of hu
crueltie, but suffered him to cary her away. The young
gentlewoman prayed the OToomea of Psusaniaa chamber to
take away the liEntes, and thinking in the darke to come to
Pausanias bed that wtu a sleepe, groping fur the bed as
softly aa she could to make no noyse, &lic unfortunat^'lv hit
against the lampc and overthrew it. The Calling of thv
lampe, made such a aoysc, that it waked him on the tto<ltune,
and thought straight therewithal! that some of hii ettetnics
had bone comcn tmitcrously to kill him, wherupoii he tookr
PaoMiiiM his dagger lying imder his bcddes head, and eu Ktalilnnl it
**"*'' *»? '" *'""" >'*""'(? vginc, that nhv dyed immcdiatly iiiwn it.
titf^.^^' Howlx-it she nurcr let PiiusaniaK take rert after tluit, oieause
hvr Huiritc came every night luid Bp]>cared unto him, as he
would foine have slept, and ^[wke this angrily to him in
vcrw, as foDoweth ;
K««{>« Uiou thjr aelte upright, anil luatice we thou fnrv.
Fur «oe bdiI iham« b« nuto bim, that JusUee down* doth baar*.
This vile fact of his did so stirrc up all the oonfcdRrates
against him, that thvy came to besiege him in Bixaiitiuiii
under the conduction of Cimon : from whom notwith-
standing he escaped, and secretly saved him sclfc. And
bicause that this mnicleiis Npirite would nevt^r let him re«t,
but vexed him continually : he fled unto the city of
Heniclett, where there was a. temple that conjured dead
spiritcs, and tlicrc was the s^iirite of (,'leonice conjured, t"
pray her to he contented. So xhc ap[>eared unto nim, and
tola him that he tihould he delivercti of all his troubles bo
soone as he came to Sparta: signifying thereby (in my
o{>inioii) tl»e death which he shotild suffer there. Divers
wryter* lio tlius reporte it. Cimon being accompanied with
the confederates of the Greecians, which were come to him
to take his parte: was advertised that ccrtainc great men
of I'ereia, and allyed to the Viae himselfe, who kept the
city of Eione, upon tl>e river of Strymon in the contrie of
Thracia, did great hurt and dainiu^ unto the Grcccians
inhabiting theieabouts, Upon which intelligence he tookc
3^
h
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
the sea, with liU urmic, oiid went thitlicr, where at his fint
comming he vfuiquishinl wiil ovorthivwt.' the barlHiroiis iK'opK'
ill batt«Ti : and hiiviiij^ wi-erthrowtn thL-iii, drnvi- kII the rvst
IdIo the city of Eioiie. 'llmt done, ht- went to invade the
Thraciatis that dwelt on the other side of the river of
Strymon, who did comnuinly vittell them nf Eione: (Uid
having driven Uiem to fdiMakc the contrie, he kept it, and
was Lord of tlie whole him selfe. Whereiiimn lie held tlietn
that were besieged at Eione so straightly fi'oni vittella, that
Buteo the kins of I'ersJaes Lieutenaunt, dispayringe of the
state of the dtie, set fire on th« same, and humt nim selfe,
his ftendes, and all the goodes in it. Uy reason whei-eof,
the spoyle taken in that citie was but smalt, hitause the
barbarous people burnt all the best thingcs in it with them
»eK*e8 : howebeit he coiujuen-d tlie pontnc thcrcahoutcs, and
gave it tlic AtheuianM to iiihabite, being a vcrie plessaunte
and fertyle soyle. In meniiiric wherwjf, the people of Athens
HiitTered him to eonttecnite and tiet up openly three Hermes
of stone, (which are foiire mjiiaiv pillers) upon the toppes of
the which tliey set up heades uf Merciirye : upon the first of
the three pillers, this inscription is graven :
Th« people truely werv, of eunige lUiwte and UNCe.
IV'ho bftvtDK >hut tlie Afviti^i fast up (ne slnriei do reliearce)
M'ittiin the walti-d lowiie. of Eiouc thiit tj-de..
^Vhith oil llie '^itrtHine of Stryinou Btaads: thpy mnde them there
abide
The force of fflmii)e« pinche, and therewith made theni fecle.
The dynte of wnrr* no mniiy a time, with Irimt)' toolt-n of itooie,
"nil ill the end dinxurc. *o prarred in their thought,
Aa thpr« they did dcitroy thrni selves, and no wen brought to
nought
Upon the second there is stuli an other:
Thr citiiciu which dwRll, in Athens rtntcly lowiie,
H«ve here »el up theii> monumeiit*. aiid picture* of rooowne.
To honuT so ttiH fHcta, and ('<^ll^b^ltl! the iam<t,
Their vallinut oil ieftai ties did achieve, in matiy a mnrthall game-
That such ss after come, when they thereby perceive,
How men of service for their deedes, did rich rewardu receive,
Encon^ed may be, such men for to resemble.
Id valltaiit a«t*, and dreadful! doedes, which moke thmr foes to
tremble.
CIMON
{^monsjoTOcy
and vict»rie
in ThraciH.
DatM baruoth
him*elfe,city,
nnd frenaM,
far feu* of
Cimoii.
Statue* of
Mercury.
OMON
Bodhwd
DoMlMn,
■pake tt|{iuiut
MilUwlen tc-
quMt for the
nrUud of
Ulyve
Cimuii wnnii«
the Jlo of
Scynie.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
And upon the third an other :
U'hvn Moontfacuii dill Irjid forth of thU ritin hcrv,
Ad nrmw to tlin Tmyntin wumsi, {by llonu'r dotli nppMiv)
He wiu Bbuvi; Uic red, that out of UraKu went:
A vulliiLut kui^lit. n wurthy <riKht, u Captatoe excellent.
To lake in liund thi? I'httJge, w army for to guide :
And eke W nm^e tliern orderly, !d MtleJI to abide.
TbRt praiw of prgwMse then, (O gnrt Athcoieua)
la DOW DO newM to All 111* turn of tliwe jvar dtaMu.
Since through the world to trlde, tho fiime Bad worthy mjw,
For menhiul fvntni, to you of y«rc hiith judgvd bc«D« uJwayee.
Nmit, Uiotijrh (.'imoiiik iiaiiii; be not i-ompi-Ued iti thc^c
iiucription.s yet tliey thought tliat this wa.4 a singular honor
to him at that time: for neitlier Miltiades nor 'llieini-ttoctes
had ever the like. For when Miltiades I'equeeted the people
one day that they vroulde licence hint to weare a garland of
olyve ooiighos upon his head : there was one Sochanrs, Ijome
in the towne of Docck-a, that standing up in open assembly
£!ikc against hint, and sayd a thing that marvelously pleased
L- people, though in deedv it wtw an unthankeful rvoom-
pvncc for the good service, he tuid done t« the ouroinon
wealth. When you have Milliodcs, (suyd he) overxumc the
iHurharoiM people alone in battell. then askc to be honored
(done aUo. But howe wa.* it then, tliat Cimons service was
w acceptable to the Athniiiui^r' Vt wat in myne opinion,
bicaiuc they had with otlter Captains fought to <iefendc
tiieiii selves and their contrio oiiely: aitd that under the
conduction of Cinion, they had assulted and driven thvir
enemies home to their owne dore.*, where they conquered thtf
citiei of Kione and of Aniphipolis, which afterwardee they did
inhahite with their owne dtueiiti, and wanne there abo the
lie of Bcyros, which Cinion tooke upon this occasion. The
Dolopians did inhabite it, who were idle people, and lived
viithout labor or tillage, and had bene rovers of the sea of a
wonderfull lone time, using pyracie altogether to maintainc
them seh'es witliall : so Uiat in the end they spared not
so much OS the marchaiint« and passengers tnat harbored
in their havenis, but robbed certaiiie Thessibans that went
thither to troBicke. ^Vnd when tliey luui taken their goodea
&x>m them, yet would tliey cost th«m in pmou bcsidea,
S86
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Howl>eit the priirancrs found nii>iui(.-« to uscapc, and aflvr
they had sdveJ them sclvoti, rt^myrcd to the parliunent ot
the Amphictyons, which 'm « f^'iiemll counscll of all Uit^
Rtatea oiiil people of Greece. The Ampliictyons undt^ntand-
inge the matter, condemned the citie of the Hcyriaiu to giay
a ffreat summe of money. The citixeuH refused to be con-
tnbutaries to the payment of the fine, and bad tliem tliat
robbed the inarchauiites and had the goodes in their handes,
pav it if thej would. And therfore, bicause there was no
otner likelyhood, but that the theeves them selves should be
driven to aunawer the fine, they fearing it, wrote lettcre unto
Cimon, and wilted him to come with his army, and they
Would deliver their city into his hondcs: tlic which was
performed. And thus Cimon having com|iiered this Hand,
(Irave out the Dolopians thence, and rvd tlie sea i^Igeum of
all pirateN therby. That done, remeniGriiig that the auncicnt
Theseus, the sonne of /Kgeiw, flying from Athena came into
that Ilaud of Scyron, where kin^ Lyconiedes suspecting his
ctmiming had tniiteroiisly slaiiie nini. Cimon was marvelous
carefull to seelce out hit tiimbe, bicause the Athenians had
an oracle and propheeie, that commaundetl them to bring his
ashes and hones backe againe to Athena, and to honor him
as a demy god. But they knewe not where he was buried,
for that the inhabitantea of the llandc would never before
conferee where it was, nor sulFer any man to scekc it out, till
he at the last with much a doe fouiide the tombc, put his
bones abord the Admiral! galley sumptuously decked and
set foortli, and so brought them againe into his eontry, foure
hundred yoares after Theseus death. For tliis, the people
thanked him mnr%-elousIv. and thereby be ivaime exceedingly
the Athenians good willcs : and in mcmorie of hint they
i-elebnitetl the judgement of the trn^ieall playes of the Foets.
For when Sophocles the Foct, being « young man had played
his first tragedy, AphcjHion llie president perceivince tliea-e
was great strife and contention amongest the looKers on,
would not draw them by lottex that should be judges of this
play, to gei,-e the victorie imto that Foet tnat had best
deserved : hut when (^mon an»l the other Captaincs were
come into the Theat«r to see the same, (after they hud
3:UU &87
CIMON
Tbfl ooumel)
or the Am-
phictyoDt.
ThtMiiKbonm
bmuKht to
Athena 400
veres after
nit ileath by
Cimon.
cuu tell tiun for
victory.
>N
omeoina by
Sojiliodei,
ilweltetii iit
8kJ)U, uid
dyvth tbere.
Chnoo MDK
vnetaljr.
Cimoni cun-
Biiu; divudon
of ue iporlr.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
made their Accii-tUtmi-d ublatiomt unto the god, in honor of
wbom tbje»c plu)'e« w(»« oelebratvtl) he xtaycid, luiii nuult.-
them to minuter an othe unto tcnne, (which were of oc-ry
tribir of the people, one) and the otlie being gevcn, he CAuscd
t)M:ni to ut aa judeea to gtw Henteoce, which of tJie Poct«
vhoutd eary away the prise. This made all the Poet<:3 ntrive
An<l contend who best shoulde doe, for the honor of tiie
judj^: but Sophocles, by their sentence bore away the
victory. But ^lichilus (as they say) was so angry aud
grievM withal), that he taried twt ioag after in Athena, and
went for xpiehi into Sicilia, where he dyed aud wa& buried
neere unto ttie citiv of Gvlii. Ion wryteth that he being but
a youn^ lK>y> n<-«'ly come froiti Chio unto Athens, supped
one nigtit will) (Jiiiton at LaonH-doos howe, and that arter
supper when they had geven the goddes thankcs, Cimixi was
intrcatvd by the company to sing. And he did King with ho
good a grace, that evejy man praised him that heard him,
nitd itayd !)(■ was more cui'teous then l'h«nii.>ito<-Ie!i fiirrv : wlio
l>eing in like coinjiany, and requested aUo to play u[Mn the
cithenie, auDsnercd them, he was never taught to Miig nor
play upon the cithemt', howlx-it he oouhl niaKi- a pcwrc
village to become a rich and mighty city. After that done,
the company discoursing from one matter to an other, as
it Mletn out commonly in upcechc, they entred in talke
of Cimons doitigra : luid luivmg rehcanied the chiefest of
them, hv hiui >elfc told one, which whs the notablest and
wisest partv of all thi: ri-sl tliat ever he played. For the
AtheniniiH tuxl th«-ir roiif<,xk-nttCH togctlter, having taken a
grcut ntimbiT of bar1>arouH people prisonen, in the citiea
of Svstoti and of UiKantium : the conrederaten to lionor him
witJtall) gave him the preheminunce to devide tJte upoyle
amongest them. Wliereupoon he made tlie division, and
set out the lx>dies of the barbarous ncople all itakt'd by tin-m
selves, and laveil the spoyles and their apj>arell by them st-lvos.
The confederates founde this distiibution very unetjuall : but
neverthcleMc Ciraon gave them the cboycc to cliooec whicli of
the two they would, and that the Athenians should be con-
tented witli that which they left So there was a Sandan
Captaine called HcrophytiiK, that gave the confederat-t
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
oouUBcl mUier to Uke the spoiles uf the I'ersianH, then the
IVniiaiis thciii Helves, and so they did : for they tooke the
H{>oile of Utc (trisoners Koodes and apparel), and left the men
unto the Athenians. Wherupon Cimon was thought at that
time of the cuiunion souldiers to be but an i)l devider of
spoyli-, hicause that the confederate caricd nwnv great store
of chained, karkanets, and l>mselets of gold, an<l goodly rich
Eurpk- appar^ll bSIct the IVnian fAciuii : lutd the AtheiiiaiM
rought away naked bodies of men, very tender aud un>
acquainted with paine and labor. But Nhortly after, the
parentea and ^ndes of these iirixuni'n, came out of Phrygia
and Lydia, and rpdwniei! every man of them at a great
raunNome: so that Cimon ^then^l xud] a mait.4e of rendie
money together by tht-ir raunsiimt-, as he defrayed the whole
dinrgt^ «l nil iitx galtie^ with tJie same, for the spaet^ of foure
monetheit tifler, and left a great summe of monn bendes
in the sparing treasure of Athena. Cimon by this meanes
being nowe lK>eome richc, bestowed the gocmea which be
had thus honorably gotten from the barbarous people, more
honorably againe, in relieving his poore decayed dti7.enB.
For he brake up all bis hittges unii incWures, and layed
them plaine and open, tluit travellers jMivtJng by, and bis
owne [)oore eitiix-'iis, might take as much (riite thereof iis
they would, without any manvr daungrr. And furthermore,
kept a oontiniuill taliie in his hotiw, not fttmished with
many dishes, but with mwite sufficient for innny ih-dhkis, and
where his poore conlrie men were dayly rvfri-Nlu-d, Unit would
come unto tliat onlinary: mj at they net^fled not otherwise
care to labor for their living, but might Ix- the n-adit-r, and
have thv more Impure to serve the common wealth. Yet
Aristotle the Philoscmher wiyteth, that it was not for all the
Athenians indilferently, that be kept this ordinarie table:
but ffff bis poore townes men oncly in the village of Lada,
where be was Imme. Furtbermore, he had alwayes certalne
young men waiting on him of his household servauntcs well
apparrelled, and if he met by chaunce as he went up and
downe the cttie, any oldo ciuxen poorely arrayed, he made
one of tbeae younge men strip him sclfe, and chaimge
apparell with tlK oldc man : ancT Uiat was very well thougnt
CIMON
Iterajthytas
SamUn, f[ave
Cuuiiiteil Ui
chuoie the
tpuyle.
Cim«iii liber-
iJity and
hiMi)ntality.
ehuity.
CIMON
How Cinwo
luedU*
goods.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
of, and ttiey all honored him for it Moreover, these
jToung men csned ever good stora of money about thvni :
and when the;y met wiUi any honest poore citizen in the
market place, or cUc where, knowingc his povertie. they
ecerctty x&vc him money in his hande, and wyd nwcr a
woide. Which the Pot-t sclfe Cmtin\i« siiincth to spcokc
of, in u comcdie of his )iitittdt.-d the JrchUixltet.
I Am Melrobltts the Becretarle, he,
Which did my MUe Mouro (in fe) woll chniahml b> be ;
At ir(«Ithl« Cbnom bordo, -niun want na* neTrr found,
\V'h(i(« dtttriWtioiM u>d lu* alnas did to thr poorv abound.
Thnrr thi>ii|(bt I for to pwe mjrDO »fed jc*m awajr,
^V'ith that rijtht iiohle Kodij nuu), which ww the Gtokudb >tay.
I'\irthvnn<>re, Gorgios Lcuntinc Mtytl, tliat Cimon got
Koodes to tuw them, and tliftt he lucd them to be honored
by tbeui. And Critiiw that was one of tlie Uiirty tyrannes
of Athens, he wuheth and desirvth of tlie goddes in his
ekgies:
Tbs godd« of Scopw htymi, the gnat magtMetnc;
And noblo hut of Cimon he, who aporod none exponcc ;
Tho glarioiw rictorira, and high triuniph*&t Aoms,
Of good Agniinuii kin^K, i;oodgoddn,ohgtsuiit mi: those.
Tlic name of Liehas Spartan, hath bene fiunous amongcst
thi- Greeciaibi: and yet ve know no other cbiim.- why, caving
Uukt he tiMtl to f(«sl Mtnuingers that came to Lfin.-da*mon on
their A-NtivutI day, to mx the sporU« and rxereist-s of the
yoiitig n]cn dauiMinj; naked in the dty. But the mafnii-
Hcence of Cimoti, did furrc cxoeede the anncient libeimlitjr,
curtesie, and hoapitalitie of tlie Atlieniana: for tbev of all
other were the first men tltat taught the Greedanfl tWoiigh
out all Greece, how tliey HhouKl >u)w come, and gather it to
nuintaiiie them selves uiUiall, and nl-w shewed tniem the ti»e
of wcllc», and hone they »liould light aud keepe fire. But
nnoiM godljr Cimon makinge an hoepitall of his owne house, where all
"'~ his poorv citiaens were fed and relieved, and pennittinge
MtnungcTs that travelled bv hU grouudea to gather such
frutes then.', as the time ancf season of the yearc yeldcd : he
brought agoinc (as it were) into the world, the goodcs to be
Th« hocpttsl-
■tjrof lielua
SpHtlD.
■etc*.
<
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
ID common «inonKe!>t th«.iii, an tho Poeta say they were in
the old time of bAtumes raigne. And now, where some
occased Uiis Iionmt liberality of Cimoii, objecting that it
was but to flatter tlie common people withall, and to winnc
their good willei by thst meanes : the maner of life he led,
accompanying liis liberality, did utterly confute and over-
throw their opinions that way of him. For Cimon ever
looke parte with the nobilitie, and lived afler the Laceda:-
monians manner, as it well apjx^arcd, iu that he- was alwaycs
a^nst The mist odes, who without all compnssc of n-a»on
ciicreased the authority and power of the people : an<l for
this cause he Joyiied with Anstides, and was againnit Ephi-
altcs, who would for the peoples sake hnvx' put downc and
abolished AriopRpus courtc. And where all oilier governor*
in his time were extorcionom, and bribetaker*: (Ari.itidft.
and K|itii«lt(-s only exeeplwl) lu- t" the cuiitrane led an
uncorriipt life in nd n i in ii^t ration of justice, and ever had
cleane liands, whattoever he snakt.- or did, for the state and
common wealth, and would tlierefore never take money of
any man living. And for proofe hereof, we finde it wrytten,
that a noble man of I'erida called Kesaces, being a traitor to
his master tlie king of IVmia, fled on a time unto Athens :
where being continually bayteti and wearied, with the
common accusations of these tale bearers and picke tlmnks,
that accused him to the people, he rcpayred at the length
unto Cimon, and brought him homo to his owne doru two
bowleg, thone full of darickes of gold, luid the other of
darickc* of silver, which ix- iktcc* of money so called,
Iricauitc that the name of Dunus wa.'« written upon them.
Cimon wi-ing this oRer, fell a laughing, and oskeil him
whether of tlic two he would ratlier choose : to have him
hia freiide, or his hierling. The barbarous noble man
aunsirered him, that he had ratlier have him his frend.
Then sayd Cimon to him ogaine, Away with thy golde and
silver, and get thee hence : for if I be thy trend, that gold
and silver shall ever be at my conimaunderoenti to take and
dispose it as I have neede. About that time bcsannc the
confctlcrates of the Athenians to be weary of we warres
against the barbarous people, desiring thenceforth to live
341
CIMON
Cimon
brouftht the
Kuldeo world
Cimvnii in-
teirrit)- luid
cl«uii) hands.
attemjited to
bribe Cimon.
l>srieke«,
"hereof M>
c«aied.
A nnblo uy-
iiiK of (^imoti.
CIMON
"Tk* benellt of
pdoMSDd
htvIm: kBd
tbsdiMoan-
moility or moo
Clfflon
pLifued th«
rmfaas.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
qtiitftljr, and to haw kiinin' to nmnurc and hiutlNuiil UiHr
grouiidcs, and to tnd&ckv nlso, vonsidcring that Uii*y luul
driven tl»cir itwiitivs out of tiieir cootric, ftnd tlutt nuw they
did them no tiior* hurtc : by rtwson wlwrcof tliey payed tlie
money tliev were M-jsed »t, hut Un-y vrould funii.in i>i> inoe
men nor shipjK's a.-* they ttiid done ttcfure. Hut the other
Captainett of the Athenm»!i eoin[telle«I Iheni to it by all the
meanes they could, aiid pra<«ecutcd law against them that
failed payment, condemning them in grest itncs, and that ao
cruelly, that they made the eeigntorie and dominion of the
Athenians hateful) uiito their confedemtcs. Iluwbi-it Ciinon
tooke a contrary course to them : for he cumpclk-d no man,
but was content to take money and vovde shipi of them
that would not, or could not sen'c in their ]»crM>ns, l>eing
vtry glad to Hufler them to become slntlifull inongn-ll.t in]
their houiH'», by loo nnivh rt»t, ai>d to lraii!t)>uiK' them selvc
fn«n good nouUlivw wliich they Iwul beiie, to laborers,
vhaimtiv, arid fanners, alto^-Uicr altered from armes and
worres., tiirough the ben-xtiy sloliirull desire they had, to live
pleaMtuntly at home. And eontrarily, causing a great
number of Uie Athenians one after an other to serve in
gallies, he so acquainted them with continuall paines in
bis viages : that he made them in shorte space become
LordeH and masters over them, tliat gave them pay, and
entertainment. For they bcgnnne by litlc and btle to
flatter ami feare the Atnonions, trhom they mw truincd
continually in the warrcs, ever bearing nrmor, un«l carj-ing
tlicir weapons in their 1i&ikI«, bccomniing expert Mnildli-rs at
tJieir charge, by muton of the |}ay they gave them ; so that
in the end, tiiey become »ubjectii anu coiitributarica ■*■
it wer« unto them, whi-re before they were their frendc
and i-omi)nnioti!«. So om there never was Greedan Captaine
that l)ri<ie]eil more tlie crueltie and power of that mightie
Fersiaii king, then Cimon did. l-'or, after he had dm
him out of all Greece, he left him not so, but following'^
him foote hotte, as we commonly say, before the barbarous
petmie could take breath, or gevc wise and direct order for
their doinges -. he made so great sppcdc, that he tooke some
of their cities from them by force, and other some by prac-
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
tUe, causing them to rebell against the king, and tum« to
the GreecJana aide. Insomuch as there was not a mao of
vaire left for the king of Persia, in all Asia, from the
oontrie of Ionia, directly- donne to Pamphylia. And
furthermore, being advertised that the kingea Captaines
were uppon the coast of I'aninhylia with a great armie by
sea, bicause he would feare tnem In sucli sorte, that they
should not brave any more to shewe them selves apon the
sea, on this side of the lies of the Chelidonians : he oeparted
from the lie of Gindoe, and from Uir citie of Triouium, with
two hundred gnllies, the which at th« (intt hud bene excel-
lently well mwli^ and dcviHtl by Th^-iniittoclre, as well for
Rwift snyliiig, (u for (uui« turning. Huwbeit Cimon mode
tbvm to be eiilargitl, to tlie end they might caric Hk greater
number of men of warre in battell, to assault th« enemies.
And so went first against the Phaselites, who were Greedatts
borne, and yet notwithstanding would neither take the
Greecians paJte, nor receive thetr armie into their havens :
landed there, destroyed all the contrie, and then came tutd
camped with his armie hard at their walles. Uut tlie men
of Chio being auncient fivndes of the Faselites, and in
Cimons armie at that jonicy; did somewhat pacific his
anger, and gave advertisement to them of the citie of their
domges by letters, which they tycd to their arrowes, and
ahotte over the walles. So as in the end they procured tJieir
peace with condicion, that the FaM-liti's should pay ten
tabntesfora fine: and furthermore xhould also follow the
annie of the Grcceiaiut, and from thencefoorth light with
them, and for them, againitt the barbarous poople. Now
Ephorus sayth, that Uie Pcnian Captaino that ImuI charge
of Uic anntt- by sea, wn-i <-Alti-d 'llthramtcs, and the Captaine
of the armie by buide, rherendatej*. But Callisthcnes
wrjteth, that Ariomandai the sonne of GobriaH wiw the
kingea Lieutenauiit, bavinge chiefe authority over the whole
armie that lav at ancker, before the river of Edrymvdon,
and had no desire to fight, bicause they looked for a new
supply of foure score sayle of the Phcnicians, that should
come to them from Cyprus, But Cimon contrarily, sought
to fight before these ^lics of the Phcnicians came to Joync
CIMON
Cliiou) Uo.
CimoD WHQQe
Fuelb.
ArlomuidM
the kingM
l^irutoiiimt
of kU whole
army by sen,
ryilitifc lit
Hucl[«r beforw
Uie rivi-T of
Euryniedvu.
k
CIMON
CfaMNU vio-
toryttHu
Pmteittlwth
iMd.
CinKio ttraJce
twa hundred
Ufle pTMon-
enst the
buttuli fuuh'hi
W the river of
Burymcden.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
with Utem, nm) put hin galliei in order of battrll, drter-
miningtf tu geve a charge, nnd coropell them to fight, wotild
th«y, or wuuU they noL Which tne barb«roiu iXMple ivr-
ceivin^, drew iteerer iuto the nujuth of the rivtr hurj'ineoon,
bicaaw they sbouLd not compiune them in beiiinde, nor
force them to come to bftttell Kgainat their wittes. Which
notwithstanding, when they «aw the Athenians come to set
apon them where they lay, tliey made out against them, k
flcetc of sixe hitndred sayle, as I'hanodcniiu declareth : or aa
Ephorus wryteth, three hundred and fifty sayle only. But
they did nothinge worthie of so great a i>ower, at tne least
touchinge th« fight by sea, hut turned tlwir prooes straight
to tile nvcr : wberc such as couldc reoorer the mouth thereof
in time «ivcd them selrcs, flying to their annic by loitde,
which nits not farrv from that place set also in order of
battell. But the rcat that were taken tanly by the way, they
were slaiiie, and their gallics mnke or taktn : when-by we
may know tluit there were a gnat nuralxT of thein, for
many were Mivcd as it is likely, luid many also were xplitted
to peeces, and yet the Athenianti tooke two hundred of tliem
prisoners. In the meaitc sea-ion, their nnnic by lande came
neerer to the sea side: which (^mon perceiv-ing, stoode in
»>ine doubt whether he should lande his men or not, bicaiue
it seemed a hard and daungerous thing unto him, to land in
spight of his enemies : and to put forth the Greedans ahready
wearied with the first battell against the barbarous pcoide,
who were altogether whole, freshe, and lustie, and witnall
many in niimlx-r Jigoinst one. Ncvcrthelcsse, pcrceivit^
that his men tni>^-d in tln-ir force, besides the corage whic£
the fint victorie gave thi^'m, and tJiat they desired none
other tiling but to fight with the encmi<'s: he put them
a lande while they were wlwtte vet with the fiist batt«U.
And so n-itli great furic and lowde erics they ranne immc-
diatly against the l>arl>an>us jH-ople, who Ktoode still and
sturrad not, and received tlieir first t-hnrgt- very valliantly :
by reason wherof, the battell grew sJiaq)!- and hloody, inso-
much as there were slaine all the greatest penonages and
men of best accompt of all the Athenians armie. But tlie
other fought it nut so rallianttv. that in the ende they wanue
9H
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Uie field, ami witli marvelous difficultu- made tlie lxirluux>ux
people flye, wliercof they nlue a grt^t iuinil>er in iiw iilncf,
and tooke Uie rest priiioiK^rs with all their ti'iitt nnd pavilic)n.i,
which were full of all sortea of riches. Thus Ciinon like n
valliant champion of the holy gomes, having in one sclfe day
wonnc two victories, aiid having excelled Uie battell by sea
al*o which the Greecians had woniie within the chanDell of
SalHmino, with that which he wanne then upon the lande :
and the battdl which the Gra-ciaiw waimc by lande before
the city of Platei's, with that which he wmme the day before
on the sea: Vet he wiw not oont«tited with nil this. For,
aftei' two so mmous victorim obteJned, Iw would once f^aine
fight for the honor of the tokeim of triuniphe : and being
advertised that the foure Mrure a&ylc itf the I'lnt'iiicians
(comming too late to \k present at the first haltell by sea)
were arrived at the head of Hydra, he sayled thilher witli all
IKWsibie sjjccdtf. Now the Captaines of this fleele, knewe no
certainty of the overthrow of their cHiefest arniie, but stoode
in doubt of it, and would not be penwadcd that it was over-
throwen in that sortc : and therrfore were they so much the
more atfrayifl, when they d<wcried a farre of the victorious
armie of C^nion. To conclude, they lost all their shippcs,
and the greatest [jartc of their men, which were cither
drowned or alaine. This vi<:torie against Uie Persians iljcl
so dawnte and plucke downe the pride and loflie niindc of
the barbarous I'eniian king, as he made Uiat condicion of
Eeoce so much siioken of in auncient histories, in the whie)i
e promited ana sware, that his armies thenceforth should
come no nccrer to the Gra^cian sea, thai the carrere of a
horse, and that he would saylc no further forward, tlien the
lies Chelidonians, and Cyancanii, with any ^allies or other
shipp<.-8 of warre. Howbeit the hiKtoriogntjiher Callisthcncs
wryteth, that it wiw no parte of any article comprised within
the condicion of peace, but that the king kept it for the
feare he liad of this «o grwit an overthrow : and that after-
wardes he kept so farre fnim the Gnecian sea, tliat Pericles
with Bflie saile, and ICphijdtes witli thirty only, did tuiyle
beyonde tJie lies Cheliduniae, and no barbarous Reete ever
came against them. Yet notwithstanding all thin, amongest
d:XX 3^
CIMON
Cimon over*
i-nme the
baliell of the
barbarous
Eeople alau
)' lan<I«.
(.'itnoii
brouKbl th^
kJiig of I'tnia
Ui coiidicioa
of peace.
i
CIMON
CalllMMnt
Ambnsador
t«tRk*t])«
otfaevftlM
lun)( of
Pertii.
Cimoii waa nt
thn charKB of
certaini- <:cini-
muD build-
ing*.
Cininij ilrave
Uie Penuui*
out of
llirMsU.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
t])C comtnon acU"* uf Athens, which Cratcni» hath gitthi^red
together, the btUcIcs of this pcaci; arc fouitd wiyttcii iit l&r^
aa a thing that u-ns true in dccdc. And it is M^'d, tliat for
this oeouicni tiw AthviiiiuiM built aii aultor of peace, and
that they did CitllitLt grent honor, for that he was !<ent
AmbftMadur unto tho king t>f HcrMa tn lake his othe for
oonliniuition of thiii |)etu«. So wlien all tlie>« spoilca of the
enemies were sold to thein that would geve most, there wa«
Huch store of ^Id and silver in the spoi-ing oofers of their
treasurie, that there was enou^i to serve their tume for
any aenicc they would employ it to, and besides that, tbeV
had Huflicient to build up the side of tlie wall of the eastel!
which looketh towitrdes the south, this voyagv anil great
spoyle did m) enrich thein. And it is sayd morfovcr, tiiat
tnc building of the long wmIIm that joync to tiw citie with
the hftvfii, which tJtey eall the Ii-gget, «*iw built lUid Itniahed
nftcrwards : howbeit the first fundiu-ionn tlicreof were built
with tbi^ money Cimon gave t4>w«rtlisi it, for that the worke
met with niuorinh and watery places by meane whereof they
were driven to iill up the marisses witfi force of flyntcs and
rat lo^es, which they threw unto the bottonic. It was
also that first did bcawtilie and set forth the citie of
Athens, with places of liberall exercise and honest pastime,
which shortly iifU-r were much esteemed. For ho caused
plane trci-s to be wt in the market place : and the Academic
which before was vi.Ty drye imd nuked, he made it now
a plfiisaunt grove, and full of giHxIly springes which he
brought into it, and made fine wiveriHi nrliom to waike in,
and goodly long Mtiooth allies to ruiine a gotxl course in.
On a time he liad newes brought him, that oertaiiie Persians
dwelling in Cheironesus, (to say a demy He of the contrie
f>f *nimcia) would not be gotten out, but sent to the people
of liigh Thracio, to pray their aide to defend them selves
■gainst Cimon : of whomc they made but litle accomnt,
bicause be was departed from Athens with a very few
shippes, who set upon them only with foure gallics, and
tookc thirtecne of theirs. And so having driven the
Persians out of Cherroni-sus, and subdued tiic Tbraciaiut,
he conquervd all the oontric of Cherronestis, from Thrucia
946
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
unto his ownc contric. And departing from thence went CIMON
3 gainst them of the Ilo of Thuos, that luul rcbclli'd Against
le Atheninns : and having overeoine tlicni in battvll by sea,
he wanne three and thirtie of their Khipp<«, and beside that
tooke their citit- by »iege, and wanne the niynL-K of golde
lying beyuiide t)ie 9>ame to ttie AUieniaiu, with all the lands
that bi-Iongi.'d unto them. Tlii!) comjuest mode his way
open into Macedon, and gave him great oportunitie to
have taken the best {>arte thereof at that proient time.
But bicause he let it alone, and followed not that
oportunitie, he was suspected to have taken money,
and to have bene bribed by presenter of king Alex-
ander : whcreu{>on, his secret vnvmieii laycd their beodcs
together, and accused him. But Cimon to clere him Cimon
seffc beforv the judges of this accusation, Myd lutto tliem: accu«ed ud
I have practised frentUhippe neither witlj the lontans, nor ^'***'*'Tf«°'
yet with the 'nieasalians, oath which are very richo and
wealtbie people : neither have I taken tlieir matten in hand,
as some other have done, to receive both honor and )m>l)t by
them. Hut in deede I am a fren<te to the LacedseinniiiunN, Cimou pnii>-
for I confes&c I love them, and desire to followe tlieir solmetie, "fi I'le tern*
and temperauiicc of lift, the which I pivfcrre and esteeme \i''^i*}^
above any riches or treasure : althoueh I am very glad not- nionlwiii.
withntandinge to enrich our state and common wealth witli
the spoyles of our cnemii>s. Stesimbrottis rcporteth this oe- Stmimbrotus
cusutioii, and sayth : that hi.'* sister Elpiriice went to Perides the hSatorisn.
house, (who wns the ^harjie.tt and straightcst accuser of his)
to pray him not to deale so extn-amely with her brother:
and that IVricles laughing on her, sayd, Alas, thou art too
old, Eljiiuiu-, thou, now to overcome these mattent. Yet
for all that, when ('imonj* caiue came to hearinge, he was a
more ge-ntle adversarie, then any other of bU aecuftent, and
rose up but once to itpeake againnt him. and that for maniuini
sake only : so that C"iraou thereby escaped, ami was cleared
of this accusatiou. And furthermore, ho long as he was
present in Athens, be alwayes kept the seditious people in
obedience, who would ever crossc and thwart tlie authoritie
of the nobilitic, bicause they would have all the sway and
nde in their owne handes. But when Cimon was sent
M7
CIMON
waa a vil]aK«
of Man br
AUieni. where
tkejiulKM
caUed Arto-
puttadldrit
tujudfc*
uiue* of mur-
der, uid other
waif[bti« miit-
Un concern-
Ln^the com-
mon we«ltli-
Oemoeratls
rule of c«n-
Buinsltjr.
FeridM lo
Ctmoiuab-
aenoeredue-
rth the com-
mtin wealth
untu the state
PemMratia.
Optinuda
the goveri)-
neiit of the
DOtlUlty.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
ftbroiule any whither to the warrcs, then the comiaon pet^e
liaving no bodie to gaincBay them, turned, and altered the
ftovernmtTit of the citic topsie turvcy, and confounded all
the auncicnt lawos and customes which they had obscr^'ed
of long time, and that by Ihe [irocun-ment and M-ttiiig on
of Ephialtes. For they tookc away all hearing of cause* in
manor from the court of "Areopogiu, and put all AUthotitic
of matten judiciall into Uie haiides of tlie people, and
brought the state of tlie catie into a pure Democratia, to
MV : a cummoii weale ruled by the sole and ahnulute power
of'tlie pe«)ple, Periclea being then in great credit, who alto-
gether favored the peoples faction. Wherefore Ciraon at hi*
retume, finding thautnority of the Senate and counsell bo
sharaefully defaced and troden under foote, was niarvelously
offended withal), and sought to restore thauncient state of
judgement ngainc as it was before, and set up tlic govern-
ment of the nobility (called Optimada) that wa§ cstabluhed
in the time of Clisthenr^ But tfien begannc his enemies
againc with open mouth to erye out ujKin him, reviving the
olde former naughty rumor tliut numv of him before, that
he kept his ownc sister: and furthermore accusing him,
that he did favor the Ijtccdiemonians. And amongest other
thingea then- rajiue in the pt-oples mnuth<w the verses of the
Poet KupoHs, which were made against Cimon :
No wickeil man he wns, hut very ne^li^nt.
And thrrcwithnl! to wync much more, Uien tmlo niunej bent.
Ha ulnir somtjmvi awnv, at t^partA lor to sl^epc :
And tuft p<H>re Klpiiiioc hi* wife, at hom« r]oii« to weepe.
And if il be k>, that being thus ntgligent and geren io
wyne, lie luive gotten so many cities, and wonne such sundry
great battellK: it is out of doubt then that if he Imd beite
sober and carcfull, then.^ had never bene before him nor
since any Gnecian Captainc, that had passed him in glorie
Cimon follow- of the warres. In deede it is true, that from the beginning
«d the Lnco- he ever loved the manner of tin- Laeeda-moniau^ : for of two
twyunes which he hud by his wife Clitoria, he named thone
of them I.,aced»euionius, and thother Eleii», us Stesimbrotus
wntetli, saying that for tljat catiw Pericles did c^-er twit
348
datnoniikU
mauer.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
thetn in the tet-th witli tlieir mothers stocke. Uowbcit CIMON
Diodorus the Geographer wryteth, that both those tvo, and
An otlier third cafled 'Hiessalus, were bome of Isodice, the
daughter of Eurj'ptolemus, the sonne of Megactes. Howso-
ever it was, it is certaine that Cimons credit grew the grfster,
by the favor and countenauncc which the Lacodieraonions
mive him, who had hated Themistocles of lon^ time, and
for the malice they bare him, were glad that Cimon being
but s young man, did bcare more sway iit Atltvns Uieii he.
Which the Athenians prreeivod well enough, and were not
offended withall at the K'ginntng: bicause the goodwill of
the LacedfenionijutM towtinles him, did bring them great com-
modity. For when the Athenians beganne to giowe of great
power, aiid to practise Mecretly that the conf^erats of the
Gnvcians should forsake the Laoedsmonians to joyoe with
them : the I^aeedsmonians were not angrie withall, for the
honor and love they bare unto Cimon, who did alone in
nuner manedgc all fliaffayres of Gricce at that time, bicaiisc
he was very curteous unto' the confederates, and also thonke-
full mito the Lacedaemonians. But aflcrwordes when the
Athenians were aloft and of great jiowcr, luid that they
saw Cimon stuckc not for a liUc inatttT with the Lacodne-
monians, but loved them more tlicn tliev would havt? had
him : they beganne then to envy him, l)tcause in all his
matters he had to do, he ever highly praisett and extolled
the LacedannoniAnM before them. Rut specially, when he
would reprove them of any fault they had committed, or
that he would pcrswade them to do any thing : lite Looe*
dienionians, sayd he, I warrant ye do not so. Iluit, as
Sttiiiinbrotus sayth, made him niarvelously to be malirrd
of the |ieiiple. But the chiefcst thing they accused him
of, and that most did hurt him, fell out upon this occasion.
The fourth yeare of the raigne of Archidamu-s, the nonne of
Zeuxidamus king of Sparta, there fortuned the wonderful lest A man-dou
and most fcarcfidl carthfjuake in the citic of Laceda^mon, and f^"* "f'*^
Ihercahouts, that ever was heard of. For the CJirth in many [jioedjBmon.
places of the contrie opened, and fell as into a hottomlesse
pit The mountaine Taygctuni »Iiooke so tenibiy, that Tsygelum
points of rockc* fell downe from it. All the ciUe was w"*
S49
^
Arcli!<Umu«
nved Uie city.
Iloto al«v«B
and boodtnpn
toUie Lmo-
dmrnwlwi.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
\ttyeA on the gitmnd and ovcrtliniwdi, five houses only cx-
pcpUxl, tlu- n»t bcini; wliuly (Itstnntrd. And it is said lUso,
Uiut a litltf tx'fore tiiia eart)u)uake ctune, Uie youn^ men of
Uiat citte were playing vriUi Uie y»iing boya exercising tlicm
Mlves staHte nake^ under a great galery covered over : and
aa they were sporting together, there atiu-ted up a hart* linnl
by them. The young men spying Iter, raone after the hure
atarke naked and oylcd as tney were, with great laughter.
Tliey were no sooner gone thence, but the top of the gallery
fell downe apon the Iwyea that were left, ana squaahed Utem
all to death. And in mcmorie of the same, tlic tombe where
they wcrvafterwnrdcs buried, iit calk-d unto this day Sismatias,
as much to say, us the tombe of those which the earth-
c)ual(c had slaiiie. But king Archi<lHmus foreseeing straisfat
uppon the sodoinc the dautigi.-r that wju to come, by t£at
he saw pr<.'sent, i)ermving his citiu^nK buMe iu Hiving thdr
liouseholde Htuffe, and tltat they were running out of their
houses : made the trompettere to sound a notte alarome
upon it, an if their enemies had come ftteahngly upon them
to take tlie citic, to tlinidc that all the iiihabitantes iihould
presently repayrc unto him (scttinge all bufiinea apaite) with
annor and weapon. That sodninc alarome doubUesK Haved
the citie of Sparta at that time : for the Uota;, which are
their slaves and hnndrnvii in the contrie of Laconia, and the
contrie clou-nes of litlo villages tliereaboutcs, came running
amied out of all part*.^ to .i]ioyle an<l robbc them upon the
Hodainc, that wore c^^pcd from this e^irthqiuike. But when
they found them well armed in onivr of huttetl, lliey re-
turned backc againe a& they came : luid tiii-ii bt-gannu aftcr-
wardcs to make open warres upon them, when Uivy had
drawen certaine of their nei^bors unto their confederacies
and specially the Meascnians, who made botte warres upon
the SjMrtan-'^ ^Vhereupon the Lacedsnnoniaiifl sent Peri-
elidax unto Athena to demaunde ayde : whome Aristophanes
U>e Poet mocking, saved :
With viM)(« ]iiilv Bud waiiiie, he on Uie suiter nte,
In sluulct (fowne requiriim syde, to succor tbelr estate^
Against whom EpJiialtcs also ^wkc very much, protestinic
350
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
that they shoukl not ayde uor relieve a tity that was an CIHON
enemy unto Athens, but rather suffer it to fall to the ground,
and to ^urne the pride and arrogancy of Sparta under their
fectc. But Cimon (as Cricias saietli) being more careful! for
the bcne6t of Sparta, then for thenlar^ing and cncn.'asing
of his contry : brought it to passe by Ills pc-i^wa^ion, that
thi' Athenians sent mm thither with n great jjowor to heipi- Cimon pro
theiii. And fwrthermore Ion rehearscth the very selfc wroroes J"'*!] "{"*'■'
that Cimon upake to move the people to graunt iiis ret)uvst. j!I-^o„iai,^*
For he besought them tlmt they woulde not suffer Grwce to
halte, as if Ijicedii-iuon hA<] l>etie one of her feete.And Athens
tlie other: nor to itiiffer their eitie to lotte an other dtJe
their frend, and subject to the yoke and defence of Gnece.
Ha^nng therfore obteyned ayde, to leade unto the Lacede-
monians, he went with his army through the Corinthians
contry : whcrwith Lachartus a Captaine of Corinlhc was
mur^'clotisly offended, sayinge, that he should not have
eiitrcd into their eontnc with an nrmie, before he had
asked licence of thetn of the eitie. For sayd lie, when
one knocketh at a mans dorc or gate, yet he eommeth
not in, liefore the iiiiwUt iif the hmiw.- coinmanndeth him.
But ye Coi-iiithianii (xayed Cimon to him ngitine) liavc
not knocked at the gate» of the Cleona'iant, nor of the
Megarians, to oome in, hut have broken tJiem open, and
entred by force of armes, thinkinge that all nhoidd l»e o]»en
unto them that are the stronger. Thus did (.'inum stowtciv
aunswere the Corinthian Captaine itgaine, bicause it stoode
him uppon, and so went on with his armie through the
contric of Corinthe. Aftcrwardcs the Idocditmonians sent
agftinc unto the Athenians, to require aydc against the
Mcsecnians and the llotvtt, (which arc their slaves) who
liad wonne the dtic of Ithomo, Hut when the Athenians
were c»n>e, the Ijicedfenionian.4 were afraywl of the great
power they had brought, and of their iHildiies beiiides;
wherefore they sent tneni liacke againe, and would not
imploy them of all other their confederals that came to
their succor, bicause they knew them to be men very tickle,
desiring chaunge and alteracions. The Atlicnions returned
home, mtsliking much that they were sent hacke ogaiiie :
aMON
ChMn
bMtbb«(l for
lOfMrM.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
JniioRiuch a« ever aft«r titey hated th«fli tlint fdvorad the
lAcedKemoniaiu in aoy thing. And for tl>e Lacedmnoniuu
sake tlierefore, takiujr a small oiic&sioii of offence against
Cimon, they bani.sheu liim out of their contrie for tciinv
ycres: which was tlie full t«rme appi>int«d and limited uiitu
them that were banished with the OstracUmon bauiah-
mcnt. Now within the terme of these ten yeares, the
LacNKiirmonians fuHimcd to undertake the deliver)' of the
title of Del)>h«i, from the servitude and bonda^ of the
Phocians, and to put them from the awtodie and keeping of
tho Uimple of Apollo, which is in the .savd city. W^lierfore,
to obtAme their desire and pun)o»c, tncy ounc to plantc
tlieir cauipt- neerc unto the eitie of Taiiagre in Phocidv,
where tlie Athenians went to fight witJi tJiem. Cimim
undenitanding tltttt, ulthutigli he wa-s in exile, came to th«
AthcniauH campe aniied, iiith uitent to do his duety to
fight with his contrie men against the Lacedicmonians, aji<i
so went into the bandes of the tribe Ocncide, of the which he
was him selfe. But his ownc contry enemies cried out agftinst
him, and sayd, that he was come to noi>c other cnde, hut to
trouble the order of their battcll, of intent that he might
aftcfwordi^ bring them to the city i^clfe of Athens. Whcrc-
uppoD the great counsell of the live hundnd ineti wcr«
arrayed, and sent to thi- Captainejt to commRunde them they
sliould not receive him into the l^attell : »o that Cimnn was
oompeltetl to dejiai'te the canipe. But before he went, he
prayed Kutliippus Anaphlystian, and his other frendes tlutt
were suiipected as him selfe wa-s, to Cavor the LocedieinoniiuiM
doinges: that they should doe their best endevor to Rght
valliuitly against their enemies, to thintent their good)
service at that battell might purge their innocencie towardet
their contry men ; and ao they did. For the Atlieuiaua
keeping the souldiers Cimon had brought with him, which
were a nundi'cd in all, they set them apartc by them selves
in n scpituiron, and fought It so valliootly and despcratly,
that they were sloine every man of them m Uie field, leav-
ing the Athenians mar%'erQus sory for them, and repenting
them that tliey had so uujtutly mi^itni^ted them as traitors
to their contrie. Wherefore they kept not their malice long
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
agniiut Cimon, portely lu I am pcrswaded, bicait»e they ClUON
called bis fomier good ttemoe to mincte which he had done
to thvir coiitrie afoKtime, and partcly also, hicau»r the
DecemiUe of the time »o required it. For the Athenians
ha>infj lost a great battetl before Tanagre, looked for no
other about the spring of the yeare, but that tlie I'tlopon-
nefliana woidd invade them with a great power : wherefore,
tht^ revoked Ciinons banishment by decree, whereof I'erides Cimon aIM
eelie was the oidy author and procurer. So civill and tem- &*" ^^'■
perate were mens enmities at that time, regarding th«
common benefit of their uiiblickt- ntnix aiid wndi- ; and so
much did their ambition (Wing the most vehc-mi-nt passion
of all other, and that mont tnnibleth mcn» mliuk-s) gvx'e
place, and yvelde to the neci-xsititn tuul affayre* of the
common wvtuv. Now when Cimon wa8 aguinv rvtumcd to
Athens, he straight pacified the warn-, and reconciled botli
cities together. And when lie saw that the Atheninnx could
not live in iK-ace, but winildi- be doing still, and enlarge their
dominions by warre, for lukent sake : to prevent them that
they shoul<i not fall out with any of the Gmcians, nor by
Hcowring and coasting up and downe the oontrie of Pelopon-
netiua, and the Ile§ of Graxie, with so great a na\'ie, should
move occasion of civill warres amongest the Grseiana, or of
cora])laintes unto their confederates against them : he rigged
and armed out two iiundrcd gallies to go againe to make
warre in Cyprus, and in Egypt, biamse he would acquaint
the Athenians with the wnrri^ of the barbarous people, and
thereby nuikc them lawfull gainon bv the spm'Ics of those
their natumll home enemies. But when all things were in
readings to de^iarte, and the amiic pn.'Xt to shippe and snyle
away : Cimon dreaming in the night htut tins vixion. It Cinwus
seemed unto him that ho saw a bitch angrie witli him, and dreame.
I>nrking earnestly at him, and that in the middext of her
barking, she spate witli a mans voyce, and sayd unto him :
Cgme hardily,
"ly whi "
thee.
not : fur if thou oome bv me.
My wh«I])e«, iLni I whicli here do »t«Dil, will ,ju!ck«Iy wdcoina
Tliis vioiou being verie bard to interpret, Astyphilus liorae
3: YY 353
i
fngaimtt-
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
>N b tbc citie of Paidacaa, a man expert in audi oaqjecture*^
ami Cimona fitniliir 6mde, tolde nim thftt tltts tuod did
Th« intapf*- betoken bu destb, expoumliiif it in this Borte. The doege
*f*^ ** ***• conunool; is an eDemie to nim he barietb at Anine,
nothing riaddeth our cocmie more, thai to beaie m our
^**^ death, rtirtfacmiofv, the ■"■"g**"p uf a mans voyn? with the
>"'*'"g of a bitcfap, dgoifilth DoUiitig ,-U, but an enemie of
tbc MmIvh r bicnutc the annic of uic Mcda b wiagiiaA
with the barbaroui ueoplt; and the Gneeiua togatfaer.
Boidci tfau vinoo, ax oe did wcrifiee to tbc god BaodiuB,
the Iciest opening the beast after it was ttcrifiaxl, about the
blood that fell txi the grounde, there aMw.inblcd a swanoc of
antes, which caried tlie cuiig«aIod blood of from the gtmmdv
by litte and title, and laved it all about Cimous great toe, a
great wliile together before any man marked it : Ctmon at
the last spied tt by cfaaunoe, and as he was looking of then
to marice what they did, the minister of the $acri6oe brought
the beastes liver that was sacrificed, to shew him, whereof
the bigMt end that tbpv call the head was lacking, aod this
they iud>^-d for n very Al token. Notwithstanding, having
all tniiign rt-uilk- fur prvpantion of this jonn, so as be
ouuld not w<-Il frtir backc, he liuinchcti into the Kca, and
hoytnl sayle, and sending ttiru.- scurv of las gnllin into
Egypt, aayled with the r&A upon tlie cuut of Painphylia.
Vibere he wanne a ttattell by sea of the king of Penoa, over-
comining the gallies of the l*benicians and the Ciliciaas, and
conquered all the cities thereabouts, trfV'ng tlie way n-ry
open to enter into Kgypt. Fih- be had no noail thouglitfi* in
his minde, but reached to h^h enterprises, aiid det^mincd
utterly to destrov the whole Empire of the mighty kings of
Penna, and specially for that he understoode Tbemistocka
was in marvelous crvtUt and repiitadon amongest the bar-
barous people, bicautv he had promised the kioe of Persia
to lead ttis armie for him, and to doe him notable service
wbenwever he shoulde hitve occasion to warrr with the
Gnedans. It t« thought thi« was the chiefe cause that
made Themistodes powon htmM.-lfi-, fatcausc he dispaired
that he could not performe that service against Grvoe
which he had promi»ed : aMuriug him wife that it w«« no
Ths (^uu> nf
ThmuitotlcK
»Ulll«d«tk.
i
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
easie matter to vanqtiishe Cimons comgc, and good fnrtunc,
who lay at that time with his armic all alotigi-st the lie of
Cyprus, promising him selfe great matters at that itutant.
But in the nwanc season, Cimon sent ccrtainc of his mm
unto the oracle of luppiter Ammon, to B»kc him some
secret question : for no man ever knew neither ttieti nor
since, for what cause he had sent Uieni thit})er, neither
(lid they also bring backe anv nunswere. For tliey wt-re
no sooner come thither, but the oracle commuimdtt} them
straight to retume : saying unto them, that Cimon was tlien
oommiiig to him. So Cimons men receiving this aunawere,
left the oracle, and tooke tiieir joniey hacke In the seawardes.
Now when they were comiiien aj/aine to the tirscians campe,
which at that prettent lay in Egypt, they heard that Cimon
was departed tJiis worlde : and reckoninge the dayes scnix his
death, with the instant of their amiswere received by the
oracle, that Cimon was then comming unto him : they Knew
straight that darkely be had aignilica his death unto them,
and that, at that very time be was with the goddes. He
dyed at the siege of the citie of Cjtium in C)-prits, as some
reitortc, or else of a hurtc he received at a skimiishe, ns
otner holdu opinion. Wbi-n he dyed, he commaunded thciii
that were under his cluirge, to retunte into their contry
againe, and in no msc to publishe his dcAth : whicti com-
niaundement was so wisely and cunningly handeled, that
they all cainc home safe, and not ixn eiieiiiK-, nnr any of their
confederates that once undcrstoode any thing of it. So was
the amiie of the (irieciaiis govemea and lid by Cimon,
though him selfe was dead, the space of tliirtie dayes, as
Phanodcmus wryteth ; Hut after nis death, there was no
Gnecian Captainc that did any notable thing wortbic of
fiunc against the barbarous people, bicause the Orators and
governors of the chicfest cities of Gnecc stirred them up
one against an other, and there was no man that would
once stepjH- in nx a medinlor to make peace betwenc them.
And thiin the Gneciaij* now did one destroy and spoyle an
other by eivill warre amongi>t them selves : which ha[)pcly
gave the king of Persia leje<un:- and time to rewtoiv him selic
againe, and onntrarily was caune of mcb utter mine and
355
CIMON
The ilMth
nf Cimoii.
CunoaBdMthj
kept very
secret.
No fiunous
Mt done b]r
nny (irncisus'
tn thi' hw-
bsroun |i«<>pla,
after Clmoua
death.
CIMON
CiicOTU
at AUien*.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
destructioo of tK<.- wholi- puw(.'r and forcr of Gncct.-, as nt
tongue can well cxprust*. In deotlv a long time nfU'r, kinec
Agadlaua cnmo witli nii armic of thv Gnt-cians into Ank,
aiM bemoDi' a mhaII wartv ii^^iiut the LiL'titviukuntcs of the
king of Pvniiuv governors of the lower oouUia of Axia.
But before he could doe any notable exployte, he was called
home againe by occasion of newe troul)I«M and ciTill warres
risingc atnoiige the Gnecians, and oompelled to retume
into hi« contrie, leaving the treaaoren of th« king of
Persia, raiiting of subsidies and taxes upon tlie citieti of the
Graeciaii.t in ANia, attliough they were confederates of the
Lacedaemonians. VV)iereas in the time that Cimon govenied,
they never aawe any of the Icingcs sergeauntes at armee, or
commissioner, that brought any letters pettentes or com-
maundement from the king, or any souldicr that durst come
neere Uie sea, by fortic furlongcs. The tombcs which they
call unto tbii) present day Cmtonia, doe witnesse that hu
a&hes and bones were brought unto Athens. NcnTthcleeso,
ihey of the citie of Citium doe honor a crrtaine tombe,
which thoy sAy is Cimon« tombe : bicau»e that in a great
dearth (uid Imm^nncit of Uie earth, ttK-v had an oracle that
oummaunded them, not to neglect Ciaton, aa tlie Orator
Nauncrutc* wrileth it, but to honor and rever*
ciice him as a god. f^uch was tlie life of this
Grwdau Captaiite.
THE EKD or CIMOXX Lint
I
fiUS
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
THE LIFE OF
LUCIUS LUCULLUS
for LucuUus, his ^nuulfHthcr wfu a Con-
sul), imd KO vrai Mvti'lluii (sumamwl
Numidiciu, bicause of hi« conquest of
Numidw) hia uncle by the mothcn side.
HU father notwith^taiidiiif; won cnnrict
of frllony, for robltinp thf treasure of the
ntjtte vrhile»t he un-i utfi(«r: and CnedlJa
hia mother was reported to have led an
unchast life. But for Lucullua selfe, ueforc he bore office, or
rule in matters of state : the first thins he towched and tooke
in honde for the cause of his contne was, thaccit^lion of
Servilius the soothsayer (who before had aecuBc<l his father)
for that he also had dcit falsely in his office, and deceived the
common wealth. And tliis the Itomaiies thought very well
handled of him, insomuch as a pretic while after there was
no other taike in Rome but of that matter, as though it had
bene a notable valliant acts done by him. For otherwise,
though prii-ately they had no ju§t occasion, yet they thought
It a noble deede to accuse the wicked, and it pleased them as
much to see the young men put lawe breakers in sute, as to
see a notable good course of a dogge ut a hare. Howrbcit
there followed such sturre and bundingc uppon this sute,
that some were vcrie sore hurte, and other slaiiie in the
market place: but in fyiH% Servilius wat eWntl and cpiite
ditiniiKMHl. IaicuIIuk was vorie elot|«e«t, weii ciwkon, and
excellently well learned in the Grceke aiid I-alni tongue :
iosomudi as Sylla dedicated unto him the commentjiricK of
all his doingii which himselfe luid collected, as to one that
could better frame a whole historie tiiereof, and cowchc it
more eloquently togctlier in wryting. For he had not only
a ready tongue to utter tliat he woidd speake, and pleadc
8S7
Lucullut
p&renU.
Lucullua
sccuwth Ser-
vilius lh»
Soothwy«r.
The ftomsDM
thoug;ht it •
iiobltt deile to
MCDSO tha
wjck«d.
Lueullit*
aliHjueDM.
i
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
TLDCULLUS his matU-rs with KitMt eloquence, a» other be scene to doe,
having uidtU-ni of mU- or open audience :
Uk* l«nny tthm tii«j h*, which nriftly <Uv« mhI <lop]>«,
Into tfao ooptb of Oeetsaa mi, withooteu nUy or itoppe :
Lu«u]luii
ttudi*d Philo-
■ophjr in bU
btter time.
book* of tke
wuTO of Uie
(Jruckc.
LucuUu* lovR
to hu brother
Msircuft.
Luctiu, Mid
M. LucuUua
bothchoMU
AUlea.
But afUrwardes also vhen ye take them out of their
conimon practise and pleadinges :
Thvn me thty K^veld Mnught wlthouUD gnc« or bUII.
Ttttit «luqu«uc« lyea Ui«o la dyke, and they then Mltva b« allU.
For Lucullus had stiidivd hunuuiitic from hi* youth, and
was well learned in all tbi* Ubcndl scicnous: but when he
came to older ycarcs, to rcfrohc his wittc (af^ S^^nt
tmubles) he fell to the studie of Philosophit^ which ()tiiekt.iKid
the cuiiteniplative [wrte of liis noule, and moTtifii-d, 4>r at
the li-asl bi'liiiifs brideW the ainLutiou.^ and active pmte,
«[KH~iii]|y lifti-r thu dlvit'iitiou betvrixt him and i'ompey. Hut
tu a«»)iutint yi)u bett«'r witli hi« learning yet, it is said, that
whcii he was a yuung man, be layed a gre&i wager with
Hortensius the Orator, and Siscniia the historiographer (in
jest as it were at the first, but afterwardcs it ML to good
earnest) that he would write the breviary of the warres of
Mai^cum in verse or prose, in the Ljitin or Grceke tongue,
which soever fell to his lotte : and I thinke his happe was to
doe it in proBC in the Grceke tongue, bicausc we finde a litle
Greekc stone extant of the warres of the Romanes against
the Manians. He dearrly loved his brother Marcus L«icullus,
as appeared by many manifest pruofes : but the chiefest and
most not«-d proofe nni<mg the Komanoit was tliis. Plim selfc
wa:c eltjcr then his brother Marciu, and yet for all that would
never »uv to )>eiire olDce in tlte common wvaltlt, nor neccpt
any before bli brotlier, but taried alwayca till lie should do
«boaen,and let his oa'ne tinie{)a»c over. This great curtcsie
to his brother so wanne the peoples barter, as Lucius being
absent, they chose him vl-idilix, and bis brother Marcu* with
him for his sake. Ue waa in the flower of hi* youth in the
time of the Marslana warres, wherein he did many wise
and valliant deedes. The cause notwitlistaiKling that moved
Sylla to make choyce of him, was rather for bis constaacy,
358
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
and good curteous nature, then for tiny othvr rcsjx'ct. For
when Sylla had once wonnv him, lie over lifler i-ni]itoytf(l him
continually in liis mo»t wei^htie muiK-«: n» in m eoniniiwion
specially, lie gave hint to toyne monty. For in liwxie p«rte
of the money thitt Sylta N)>ent in the wmrtvi ftfriiinst king
Mithridates, wus uiyiied by I^ucuIIur eoinouiuiKli-mvnt within
the cuntrie of PcIogioiinesuM : whercumni tliey were called
LueuUiiin ]H>ecei<, and were currant a longe tiiiK; aniongent
tlie souldiers, to buy such things as tliey atoode in nede of,
and never rvfused by any. Sylla bciuff at^erwardii at Athens,
the »troii^r by land, but the weaker By scb, so as his enemies
cut of his vittells from him : sent LucuUua into Egypt and
Libya to brine him such shippcs as he foimd in thoitc partes.
It wan in the deepc of winti-r, and yet Itc spared nut to saylc
with three brigontities of Gm.-(v, and k» many giillioti of the
Uhodians, putting him selfe not only to tJie duimger of IIk-
sea in so long u voyage, but of htit citcniio in like maiier:
who knowing Uirm itclves lo be the stronger, went Mtyling
every wlwre witli a great navie. But for all these dauiigt-rs,
he nnt arrival in the He of Crcta, and wanne their good*
wille*. Fn>m thence went to the citie of Cyreiie, where he
found tlie inhabitauiits tiirmoyled with civil wam'H and con-
tinuall oppressionH of tyraiis: m»ni which trotil)le» he dflivered
them, and gave them lawes to establishe goveniment amongest
them, putting tliem in rcmembraimce of Platoea wordes
npoken to their aimcestcrs in old time, in the spirite of a
prophecie. For when they prayed I'iato to write tncm lawcs,
and to appoint them some forme of government for their
common wealth, he made them imuswere : it was a hard
thing to geve lawcs to so richc and fortunate people as they
were. For to say tnicly, a* noUiiug is harder to be rulca,
then a ridi man : so contrarily, nothing readier to reccave
counscll and govcnimvnt, then a man in adversity. This
lesson franuti tlie Cymiiiuis at that time to be more civill
and obedient to the lawen Lueullus gave them. When he
de|Hirtvil tlieiice, he eoa-tted towaniea f^ypt, where he lost
thv more parte of hi» eihip))es by pyrates : but for his owue
perKon, reaping their handcs, he was very honorably received
IQ the dtie of Alexandria. For all the Kingcsarmie came to
S59
LOCVLLDS
Sylla pare
tniwioii to
r.oyiie money
in Pelopsn-
nmuH.
Lurullu*
ircvrth lsw«*
to the
CyretiintK.
A uotkMe Mjr-
iog of PIsto.
LVCVlLVi
joroey iiito
BnrpL
AnvtaMe
rioh«merod
C'co Lu cut-
by Itiuge
Ptolu'mye.
Lueullu*
doingM under
SylLa by Mn.
LueuIU*
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
iTK-eU^ him xt »ga, gftllnntly trimmed nml app<>inte«l, lut Uiey
wcro wont to welcome liome the kiiigc when he returned from
aiiy voyage hy sea : and king Ptolomje him sclfe being ver^
voung nt that time, gave him as honorable entertainment as
lie jHisaibte could. For amongest other honors that he did
him, he lodged him in hi« courts, and delrayed his onlinarie
dyet, whert' never straungp CaplaiiM? was lodged before : and
did not only spend the ordinary allowance in feasting of him
which he used unto otlters, but comtiiaunded fouro times as
much provision more to he made as hv had before. Not-
withstanding, LuculluK tookc no more then reasonable waa
for his ]X'rson: nor yet would he rttx-ive any moner gift,
althogh the king hiul sent tiini pn^ents to the viUih^ of foure
score tAlentes. Anil which more ii, would not »o much as go
see the citic of Maupliiit, nor any other of tlie famous mocu-
nientcK and wonderfull !iight«:s in Egypt, saying : Uiat it ww
for a man that travelled up and downe for his pleasure, and
had teasurv witlialt. to see such thinges, but not for him titat
hati left his Captaine in Uie lield, at the siege of the walles
of his enemies. To conclude, this young Itine I'tolomje
wouUl in no case fall in IVeiidshipue with Sylla, fearing leaat
he should thereby put him sclfc into waiTcs : but gave him
men and shippes to brinj^ him into Cynrus, And as be was
ready to itnuarkc, the king bidding him farewell, and em-
hrocmg htm, gave him n goodly rich I'merod set in gold,
which Luniltus ni the fimt rrftucd, until! the king shewed
him hi* [lictiin- gniven in it; mid tlkii ooiviitcd the gift,
feftring kuist Ihc^ titter n-fuiiaJI miglit caiute the king thiiikc he
went Away discontented, and should [>er)uip therefore lay an
ambushe by »ca for him. Thus having gotten a certaJne
number of xhinpes together of the porle towne* thereaboutcit,
over fuid bexicies such as the pvrates and sen roviTS had
hidden, l>eing parte of their spoyles, and bestowed with their
receitors : went on with them into Cyprus, wh«-re he imder-
stoode that his «iemies lay close in certaine ereekes under the
foreland, watching to bourde him as lie sayled by, Where-
uppon he unrigged and bestowed his shippes in docks, and
sent worde to all the portc townes thereanouts, that he wait
determined to winter there : and therefore willed theni to
360
'
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
provide him rittclts and other necestuirie muiiitiuii to lie in LUCULLUS
rcadined n^nst tlic spring. But in the im-ane wliile, when
he MMT time coiiventcnt, hv put his whole Hwte againe to the
sea witli all )>MKvibie .ipt^ilc, wi-nt him selfe away, and in the
day time c-aiietl u lowe Rayk-, but in the night pockt on all
the cloth he could fur hfe: aio tlwt hy Uiis craflJe fctchc,
he wanne Ithodts, and lodt not one !tliip[>e. 'I'lic Ithodians
they also funiished hint with shippes : and besides them* he
so perswaded the Gnidians and the inhaliitantcs of the lie of
Co, that they forsooke king Mithridates, and went to make
warres with him against then] of the lie of Samos. But
I.ucullus him selfe atone drave kiii^- Mithndnt«-s me>l out
of Chlo, restored the Colo|>)ionians iif^aine to liU^rlie: and
tookv Epigonus the tyranne priKotier, who had kept tlieni in
bondaj^. Now about that time, Mitliriihitcit wiui eoin|)elled
to fomake the citie of Pvrgiunum, and to retyre to the cdtie
of l*itane, within the whioh Fimbria keiit him lx*iegcd very Fimbria
stiaightly by laiide. Wherefore Mithndates haviiie the sea Ij^'?*!^''
open upon him, sent for his force and navy out of all partes, ju'i>i^nJ*'
not daring to hazard battell against Fimnris, who was very
Taliiimt. of a venturous nature, and at that time monoover
was him selfe a eonqueror. Fimbria {leredving what Mithri-
dates ment, and having no pow\?r by sea of his uwne : Kcnt
straight to Lundlus to request him to eome with his narie
iat«) thow pitrt^« to liis ayde, for Ihoverconiuitng of this king,
the ffrcatol and nio$l criiell enemie tliat ever the Kiuiiaiie
people hiul. Bi<»use that so notable a praye, which they
followed with »uch ctnungcr and trouble, Khould not escape
the Komaiiet), while they had him in their haiides, and was
come him .telfe within their daunger : and that therefore he
should so much tlic more harkeii unto it, bicause thut if it
fortuned Mithridates ti> be taken, no man shoulde winne more
honor and gturie by his takinge, then he that had stopped
his pasM^, and layed handes on him, even as he thought
to have ffed. And thereby should the praise of this noble
victoric runne in equalitie t)etwenc them both : the one tluit
had driven him from lande, and the other that had Ktop|)ed
his [Muwoge by sea. And furthermore, that tl)e Komaiicw
would iiothiogc regard all the famous buttell.> and victories
3 : ZZ S61
LUCULIX'S
LuculIuN
would not
lude Punbria
in bmie^^riK
MIUiridi>t««.
Nflmtolnniu
IdQff Mlthri-
drntoi Ll«u-
tenutbysM.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
of SvlU in Graecc, which he had wonne before the cities
of CWronea aiicl Orchonien« : in comparisoQ of taking the
king. This was thi-Sect of Fimbriae^ mrasofftr s«nt unto
Lucullus, whoifin thvrc wns iiothinc, in the which there wu
not grvat likclyhoudc. For thvre is no man thjit cuti doubt
of it, but if LuculluK woulii have Wlc^'cd him at tlint time-
(and have gone thither with his sliim to stoppc the havens
mouth of the citie, in the which Mithrid«te« wax bcsi«ged,
considering nlso that )m; wiu «> nerre «t liniuU-) this wttire
htid taken ende tlierc, and the worldc Ix-sidi'n had then bene
delivi-ivd of iiilitiitc troubles which (M out aftervrardea.
Bui-, whvtlier Lutrullus ])ivfernti thecmt^iderationand respect
he had unto Svlla, whoise Lieuteiiaunt he was, l>efore all otlier
<lue regarde of private or eonimon benelit : or that he detested
and abhorred Fimbria as a cursed pn^sone, who not Ions
before had through his nicked ambition imtirued his haniu
in the blood of his Captaiiie : or else that it was through the
secret providence nnd permission of the goddes that he spared
Mithrtdiites at that time, to the end he might be reserved as
n worthie enemie, against whom he might aJterwardes shew
his valiire : howsoever it was, it so fell oiit tluit he barkened
not unto F^mbdaes ausmgv, but gave Mithridnt(» tinu' and
letMure tn flye, and Riuilt}' to seonie all FimbrilK^s force and
I lower. Hut LuculluK selfe alone afterwanles overcAinc the
■.m^ea nrmio by nea, onee neere unto the head of I>ectum,
whieh is on the coast of IVoade: and an other time necrc
unto the He of Tenedos, where Neoptolemus, MithridatM
Lieutenaunt bv sea, lav in wayte for him with a farre greater
number of shippes then he had. And yet so aoone as
Lueullus had discried him, he sayled before all hia navie
being Admirall, in a galley of the Rhodes, at five ores to
u baneke, whereof one Demogonu waa master, a man well
affected to the sen'ice of the Rcnnanes, and very skillfull in
bnttell by tt-ti. And when Neoptolemus on the other side
rowed against him with groat force, commaiinding his pylot
tliat he Hhould so order h\x galley, that be might stenimc
him right in the prowc r I>eniagoriw[ fcaringe tile full meet-
inge of the kinges galley which Has very strong and hcavie,
and furthermore well armed with poyntes and spurrcs of
362
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
brAWC iK-forc, cUmt not encounter her with hiii prowe, but
nimbly DiaHe Im gallie U> winde about, ami turned his poiipe
towaracfl him. Whereby the galley being Ion* at that end,
received the blow without burte, cousidering that they hit
uppon the dead workes, and those partes which are always
above water. In the meaiie time Lucullus other shippes
were come, who commaundins his master to tumc the
beakehead of his gallie forward, did maov famotLs actfs : so
that he made his enemies flyc, and drave fJcoptolemus away.
And departing from thence, wont to scckc out Sylla even
as he was rcadie to posec over the netui, about CberTone^UK :
^bolpo him to waft his urmie, and ko paxsfd him ovt-r with
'Mnty. Aftcrwiinlc* when pence w(l< coiicliuti-d, ftn<i that
king Mithri(lat4v was oomrii into his reiiliiw- and contries
a^iiie, which lye upon the lea Major: Sylla condemned
the province of Ama to pay the summe of twenty thowsand
talentea for a fyne, by reason of their rebellion. And for
leavying of this fyne, left Lucullus there with commission
to coyne monev : which was a great comforte and hartcs
ease unto the cities of Asia, considering the extreaniitio that
Sylla had used towardes them. For in so grievous and odious
a commission unto them all, as that was : Lucullus did not
only behave him sclfc uprightly and justly, but also very
favorably and curteously. For, as touching the MityU-niiui-t
that were openly in armi-s tu^nst him, he was very willing
Ihcy BhoLiki know tJidr fault, and thnt for satisfaction of
thoffciR-c tlicy had contniitti.-d t/ikiugc Miu-iiis parte, they
should Kuffer some light punishim-nt. And ai-eing tiiat they
were furiously bent to continewe in their muightines, he went
[•gMtist thciii, an<I liaving overcome them in battell, com>
pellod them to keepe within their wnlles, and laved siege
unto their citic, where he used this ptilicy with them. At
noae dayen he launched into the sea, in tlie view of all the
Mitv tenians, and sayled towardes the citic of Elea : howbeit
in the night time secretly returned backr, and making no
noysc, layed an ambushe nere unto the dtic The Mity-
lenians mistrusting nothingc. went out the next morning
very nuhly without order, and without any niancr wnt<li«
or ward, to spoylc the campc of Uic Romoia-s, sup])i>Hiiig
.SOS
LUCULLUS
Lucullus put
to llkht
Nvi>|it>>I<<itiuii
IMitliridiitni
I.irut<>iinunt
by DCA.
Lu«uUui
■TT**tTHr^fiinft
at tli« ii«n)
of the Mity-
leuiiuis.
VCCVULDS
Tkcllnt
iitwJBa uf
twaxtPooiMy
add Uacallua.
LmcvUw.
M. C«Mi
CoBanla.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
ertry idao hwJ bene gone : but l.iin»fliw oomniiBg ■odMnlt
upon tbem, tooke a great aiimba- ptwmen, thm about Ave
hundred xicfa as mmed, and wamie ose tfciWMndr riiwi,
with an infinite ({uaotitie of othor >(M7le> Now did the
goddea lu^ipelj preserrc Lucullus, tfaat Iw was do partaker
at that tioK of tbr woodeditU iiiiwiiia and troutdee, wfakfa
Sjrila and Marius made poon Italit wdkr, even tfacn wben
be was ooci^ncd in tbc wanva of Ada : and Ttt notwttb-
standiofT his abMnoe, be was in as good onfat and favor
with Syila, hk any of his frendes about him. For as we
have sayd befon^ he dedicated hb cooimentarie* unto him,
(or the goodwill he bare him, and by bi» tB:(t will and testa-
mat at>p<>inted him Tutor unto bis soone, leaving PonpiT
out : wliich aeemeth to be tbe first oocasion of the ouurw
and grudge that fell out afli^wardes betwene tban, nouar
they were both youog men, aiid vehemently denrous of homr.
iihortly after the death of Sylla, LucuUun was chosen Coosull
with Marcus Cotta, about the three score Ol^-mpiade: and
then they began to r^:%'ive the matter agaiue, that it was very
ncedcfull to make waiTO against Mithridates, and apndally
MarcuM Cotta, who gare out that it was not coded, but
only f>k-]it for a while. Wben-forr, whi-n the ConsuUs csme
to draw luttes what [irovinon they Khouid take chanee of,
LucuUuN was marvelous torit; tluit the province of Gaulc,
lying betwene the AIpcs and Italie, fell to hi> lotte : bicause
be Uought it no contne whcrdn any great cxplttytcs were
to be duite, and a^i>e, the glorie of I ompey grieved him
greatly, whow honor daylv inoeased by the famou-t iMttcUs
be wan in Spsine. So toat it was most certaine, Uiat so
aoooe as Pompey had ended tbc wanes there, tbev would
have chosen hiiu ftetKndl in the warrcs against Mitnridatca.
Wherefore, when l'oini»cy sent to Rome in earnest maner, to
fx-quirc moncv to tnaki- pay to his soiddiers, wryting to the
Senate, thiit if they did not send him money the sooner, be
would leave Scrtonus thf-re, S|)fUiH> behinttr him, and bring
h\» aniiy hncke into Italic : Lucullus made all the mcaoes be
oould to have it ipiickely M-nt him, fearing loiwt he should
returoe into Ibdie uj>on any ooc-asion, while bo was ConsuL
For Ite thought that if he returned agnine to Rome with so
4
4
I
■
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
girat lui ormie, hv would ixsily do wliat him li*it : mmJ the
ratlicr, Hcftiiw Uiat OUic^us and he could not n^ree, who
at tluit time bore all the nwajr and rule Ht Home, l>icAu.te be
«pnke and did all that [>l«a»cd the comiiwn people, beine a
ritiouit liver, and di.i»>tut£ly ]l^ve», for which cauiie Lucuflua
hated him. But there was an other coniiiioii Orator auione
the people called I^Aicius (^uiiitiu<i, and he would have liad all
Syllaes doinges revoked and broken : s matter to alter even
the whole stat« of the common wealth, and to turmoyle the
dtie of Rome ogaine with civill diasention, which then lived
quietlv and in good peace. This Lucius Quintius Lucullus
billced withall a parte to pcrswadc him, and openly reproved
him with tiuch words, that he wiwt di«swailcd from his cvell
Qosc, ami by reason ruled his nt«h nuibltion, haiidlini; it
wiwely 'uiil u» cimiun^ly m Ik- amid pui^ibie (fur the
safety of the cummoii wi.-itltn) bic«uw it wtu tlw iN-giiining
of a dtiteaite, from whence intiaite troubles wei\: like tuj^rowe.
Wliile these thinges were thus in hande, newes came tliat
Octavius the governor of Cilicia was dead, ^straight where-
uppon many put forward them selves to Hue for tnin cluirge,
and to courte Cethegus, as tlie only man who alK>vc all other
miglit make any man ofBcer whom he thought giKKJ. Now
for Lucullus, he made no great reckeniiig of the government
of Cilicia in respect of the contry, but bicause Cappadocia
was hard adjovning to it, and perswoding him selfe that if
be could obtamc we government thcreol, they would geve
none other (but him sclfc) the authoritic to make warres
with Mithridatcs: he deteniiincd to procure all the mcanm
lie could, tliut none sliould have it but him selfe. And
having proved sundry wayn, van com)H-lled in the eiide,
against nis owne natLuv, to pmctisv a mcaite neither comely
nor honest, and yet the readiest way he could (losKibly devise
to obtaiiut his denin.-. There wtu a woman in Komi; at that
time called Pnecia, very famoua for her passing l>eawty, and
also for her pleaaaunt f^aoe in taike and discourse, howbeit
otherwise unchast after curtisan manner. Hut himuKe she
employed the credit and favor of them that frequented her
companic, to the bene6t and service of the common wealth,
and of them that loved her : she wamic the reporte (besides
LUCULLUS
CatbspMa
vitiaua livor.
Luoiiu Quin-
tius, > IMH
tluua Orator
>t Rome.
LucuMu* am-
liitioii tomake
wtiTTM against
king Mlthri-
datef.
Pnrriik a
fomuui curti-
■aii uf lUimb
UfCULMTS
Ceth<«u«
ruled nil
IWrne.
Th^gvrtnt-
udtliawArrM
wuiwt l[tnf[
Mithridatra
went gevea to
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
ber other ex«.-llt-iit cuiniiteiittable graces) to be it very lovinge
womaa, utd rvndiv to fuvor ana further any good enter-
prise, uid it u-iuine ber great fiune and reputation. But
afU-r nhi* bad otice wonite Cetbegua, (w)io ruled all the
common wealth at bis pleasure) and brought hUn to be
M> fanv in fancie with ner, that be could not be out of
her siglit : then bad she all the whole power and authority
of Kune in her bands, for the people did nothing but
Cethegus preferred it, and Ccthcgus aid what ever Pnccia
would will him to. Thus LtKuUus sought to come in favor
with ber, seoditi^ her many prcscntcs, and unnz all other
curtesies ho could offer unto her : besides that it HMcned a
gK&t reward for so prowdc and ambitious a woman as Mite,
to be Miivd unto by such a man as Lucullus was, who by this
mcancs came to liave Ct-thc}^iM nt bis coiiinuiuutlemfnt For
Cetbcgus did nothiii]; but coiiimviid LikuIKm in all u^strmblies
of tbe people, to procure him the government of Cicilia :
who after it was once gmunt«d liim, had then no neede of
the belpe neither of Pnecia, tior yet of Cetliegus. For the
iieople wholly of them selves with one consent did graunt
Kim the charge to make u-arre witl) MitluidateA, bicause he
knew iK'tler how to overcome him, tiien any otlicr Captaine^
and bicauAc that I'ompcy was in tbe warrcs with Sertorius in
Spaine, and Metellus also growen too olde, both which two
were the onely men that could deservedly have contended
for this office with him. Nevcrthelcs, Jlarcus Cotta his
fellow Consull, made such suto to the Senate, that they
wilt him aim with an armic by sea, to kcc[>e the coastes
of i'ropontidc, and to dcfcnde tlic contric of Bitbynio.
Thus, Lui'idlii5 having his commission, went inia Ajiia
with ot>c lcg}-on only, the which he Ivavied a new at
Home : and when hv was come thither, he tooke the rest
of the fltreniftli be founde there, which wertt men marred tuid
corrupted altu^-UiiT of long time, thrtiitj^h covetouMtex luid
delicacie of the contrie. For amonj^^t others, were Uw
liandes which they ciklleil the Fimbrian bandeti, men geven
over to selfe will, and very ill to be ruled by marsball
discipline, bicause they had lived a long time at their ownc
Ubertie, without all obedience to anv man. They were
366
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
those selfe HoiiUIieni that togetlier witli Fimbria, ihie tlieir
gencrall Ftai'cus, Comull of the Itoinane peopk', and that
allerwardes betrayal Fimbrin him selfe, aiu) fursooke him,
leaving him unto Sylla, being niutincns traitors, an<] wickt.-d
people : howbeit otherwise ver>- vallyanl, well trsyncd, and
IMiinefuIl Eouldiers. Notwithstanding, Lucullua in shorte
time hrideletl their boldnes nicetely well, and reformed the
othera also, who before had never proved (in my opinioii)
wlittt the value of a good Captaiiie and Gencrall mcnt, that
knew how to comniauiid : but were used to flattering leaden,
that eomniaundvd the .'wuhltert no nion.* tlien ttivy thcni selves
liked of. Now eoncerninn the st^ite of the enemies, thus it
was with them. Mithritlnles that in the Ix-ginning was very
brave ami bolde (n.t tlintc (lori^bing Suphiitent commonly
are) undertaking worre ngainft the Komam-^t, with a vaine
unprofitable armie, but naising frenhe and .numptuous to
the eye ; but after tliat lie was onee foyled and overcome
with no lease shame then losse, when he came to make this
wcond warre, he cut of all supcrHuous {lompe, and brought
his armie into a convenient furniture to serve for warres at
All uauiyes. For he put by the confused multitude of sundric
nations, the Rerce threatnitujcs of the barbarous people in so
many sundrie tongues, and cleanly banisht also tne richc
graven annoni with goldesmylhes worke, ant! set with precious
atones^ thingen llwil mon- enriched the enemies thiit wanne
them, then gave stn-ngth or eomge to Ihosi- that wan- tlun).
And conlrsriwiae, cauxed long stifle swords to be made after
the Romone fadon, aiid great ftOAvy shields, and brought to
the field a inarvelous numlier of horw, more ready for ser%'ice,
then riche in furniture. 'Hien lie ioyned sixv acore thowsand
footemen together, appointed ana M't in order like unto Uie
btttteU of the Romanes, with sixteene thowsand horse of ser-
vice, besides those that drue his armed cartes with siethea
about, which were in all to tlw number of a hundred. And
besides all this land preparation, he brought also a great
number of shippcs and gallies together, which were not
decked with goodly pavilions as at the first, odthcr with
stoovei nnr bathi'«, nor with chnmbers and cabbon», curiously
hanged for Ladies and gentlewomen : hut furnished full of
367
LUCULLUa
FlmbrUii
Ml II Idlers vc
duuMiIaCr an
>IlUiridsUa I
srmle ugalna
Lueullui.
MiUiridntoa
nrmic.
UfClILLUS
AftofeU
Into foKiMr
tnlaeriesbr
tli« Rotnuw
CotUtlieCiNi-
nll orereome
by MlUirt-
(UUain
iMttril.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
armor, arUltcrie, and slinges, and with money also to pay the
Houldiers. With all this anni'c and prcixtration, he went
first to invade Bithynia, where the eitira n-ceivfd hira very
gladlr, and not those only, but all the utlicr eiUes of Asia
wholly : the which were fallen againe into Uieir former
niisenes and disenses, by the crucltiv of tlte Homane farxaen
and HSCTCTH, who raifin^ ^«^(•s luid imiKwtes uppon thom,
made tJiem abide untoTU-rubie Uiiiieisi. It is tnie that
Luciilliu dnive thciii away aAerwaiuea, like the llaruyK,
whieh tooke ttte iRvatc out of the poore mens niowtJH» :
bowbeit at tJiat time be did tio more, but brought them to
be more reoaounble by the perawasjons he used unto tbenif
and Qualified a litle the inclination of the people unto
rebdhon, being every one of them in manner willing to
revolt. Now Lucullus being busie abuut these matters,
Marcus Cotta the other Consul) {and his compantfin) Hup-
posing that the absence of Luculliis was a fit occasion ofieied
nim to doe notable service, prepared to fight wi t}i Mithridates.
And altliough he had newes brought him from suiidrie places,
tlint Lucidhis was with his armic in Phrygia, and comming
t4>WHrd(v him : yet notwithstanding, imagining tltat he had
tlte honor of triumphe n^Ntuvd alrvadie in his handes, and
bicau:<e l.ucullux .vliotild Ix; no [mrtaker of it, he adraunoed
fnrwanles to f^:vv buttclL But Mithridates oTcrnunc him
both by sea and by taiide : so that Cotta by acft lost thre«
score of his &)iip|>eH with all the men in them, foure tbnw-
sand footemen hv lande, and was after with Khanie shut
up and besieged in Die eitie of Chnln-don, renuuiUDg tliere
hopelesse to eicape, but by Lucitlhis oiit-ly aydc and meanes.
Howbeit there were in I^ucuUuk cainiH-, that were verr eamoat
with him to leave Cotta, and to go lurtber, assuring nim that
he should finde the realme of ^i^tll^idatc» lx>th without men
of warre, or any defence at all : s« that he mi^t easily be
Lord of the whole. And thew wi-rc the wordcs of' the
iKmldicr» thnt spyted Cotta, bicauM- his fbo]i»be rashnvs
and fonde imagination had irat only brought tbow men to
the iihamblcK to be slaine and cast away, whom )k had tbe
leadine of: but had let them also, that'Uiey could not ovcf
come him, and ende this warre without blower, for that thej
868
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
were driven to eo to his hclpe. Ilawtieit Lucullua making an
Oration unto Uiem, aunsvrered, that he bsd rather save the
life of one Rotnanc citizen, then winne ail that his enemies
had in their power. And when Archelaus, (who had bene
Mithridates Lieutennunt in Iki-utia in Uie first wam-s
ngainst Sylla, and now in this secunde wairc tooke parte
wttJi tlii- Uoni)iiieti) RKMired him Hint so Koonr iis thry Mwc
him in the n-^iime of t'ontu.-), Uwy wwild aII nsv ugkinrt
Mitliriiktc*, and ycelde them MUe» unto him: LucuIluK
aunttwercd him thux, tltat lie would not shewe him ttelfe
more fearefull, then the gnod hunters wliicli never suffer
the heaflt to recover his denn& And when he had so aavd,
he marched with his armie towardes Mithridates, having
in all his campc thirtie thoWKand footemen, and two thow-
sandc five hundred horse. When he came so necrc unto
his rncmicK, that he might easily at eye disc«n>e nil their
hottst, he wuiidercd ut the great multitude of souldient that
were in their enmpe, nnd va» in minde to geve battel!,
Klip|H)nin;; yet that the better way was to prolonf; time,
ntid limwe th<5«e wurro* out in length. Hut one Mnrius n
HouiHTK- ('apUiiic, whom Scrtoriiis liad sent out of S]iaync
unto MiUnidatL':! with u eertntne nunilx^r of souldien; came
forwonlex, anil provoked him to bdttell. LuniUus for hi»
parte did put his men also in a readinesse to fight. But
even a.t both battelk were iire[mred to joyne, the element
opened upon tJie sodaine, without any shewe of chaiinge of
weather decerned before, and they plainly saw a great flake
of fire fall betweiie both armies, in forme and shape much
like to a tonne, and of the colour of molten silver. This
celestiall signe put both thnrmies iu such a fcare, as thev
both rctyrcd, and fought not n stroke : and this wonderfull
night fortuned (lu it appeared) in a place of l^brygin, adled
Otryes, Nowe LucidluK aflerwiirtN ton.iidfring with lum-
M'lfe, tiiitt then- wa.-< no richiii nor provision mi j^rcAt in titc
world, tliat could suffice to viltell ho many thowKandes of
people AK Mithridatis had in hia eampe any long time
together, having his enemies campe so lying before them :
willed that one nf the prisoners should lie brought into his
tent, and (irat of all he enquired of him, how many of them
3:A.VA S6B
LUCDLUm
ThojTodly
■nyina of
Lurullun for
the invinh' of
adtintii.
Luculla*
arrojr.
A flnnie of &n
fell lietweno
bath nrnii«(,
out of Uio
clomoDt
Lucullii*
politick* eoD-
■Idcntion to
diwiplia' tlie
eattny.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
UCULLUS Uiy togt-tl;
iil)iii, tlH?n whiit
Ik- h^A left in their
Mithrid&Ua
bcw«t;eUi
Cjnicua.
^ COPIIO
caubiii. Atvi wlit-ii tW priM>iu;r luid iitiii»wi-ivil U> lUI Ilia
dcmaund<», he returned liiiii to priMitt, And sent for an
other: then for a lliird, and queAtiomx) wiUi than nil as
he hiul ilune with the fir^L 'itivn c^Muiiiorine the xtore of
their tiinii', and other proportion of vitt«ll-i tliey had, with
tlie nunilier of men the same slioulit niaintaine : he founde
Uiat all would bo spent iti three or foure daye^ at thutouxt.
Whereupon he relied on his first determination, to dd&y
time witnout hazard of battcU. So he caused ft marvelous
deale of H-Iieate to W' brought into his campe out of everie
quarter, that the same heing tlimitghly vittelled, he might
cosily tary the ocetiKion whicli his enemies necessitie should
oSer him. MiUiridiite^ in tlii; nK-uiiv ttme^ M>ught which
way hv niieht tjike the dtie of thu Cyzicenions, who hod
bene overthrowen before with CottA nt Ihe battel! of
Clioleedun, where tliey had Kxtt three tliow»»ndc men, lutd
tcnn« of their shippea. And hicauHe that LueulIiiK sliould
Dot undentand of his entcrprl'M', Mitliridatcs .ititle nwny by
night after supper, taking Oie oportunity of a darkt- n^iny
night, and marched thitherwardes with sudi speeile, that
he was before the city of Cyzicus W breakc of day, otid
pitetied his uuii]»e, whi-n- the tx-'mple of the goddune Adraatia
staudeth, which %» the goddi'sse of fatall destinie. LucuUu*
rwcivinc iiit«Iliceiice uf MiUiridates departure from his
campc, ioIIowikI liim xtnught wuyes steppe by stepjie, aiid
bcin;; gliid that he v/as not met withatl of his enemies Id
diMinler, ludffi-d lii^ oniiie in a villnfn- oilled Thracia, in a
phkvc of grvat advantage for liim, and eomiiiodiously seated
aIao uppori the hiffh waye^and through fare of the neighbors
thentlwutA, by the which they muat come of uocessitT bo
vittel Mithrioates campe. Wncrefore l.uciilhis wisely lore-
seiiig what would follow : would not keepe hiK purpose went
fiom his soutdiers, but sfler he had wi-ll tremned oiid forti-
fied llis eampe, called tlieni to eounaell, and there making an
oration unto them, tolde them openly by manifest demotistra-
tion of ussdri'd ho|K-, that err many dayes passed, he would
gere victuric into their lumdcis and that without loose of
one droppe of blood. In the meane season, Mithridatct
370
i
■*^
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
en\-iroime(l the Gnedans round about by lande, having LUCULLUS
dended )iis armie into tenne campeis and stonpetl up the
mouth of tlie anne of the sea, which devideth tlic dtie from
6nne lande, with his shippes from one .tide to an other.
Now the Cyzicpnians were valliant men, and determined
to abide all cxtreamity for the Romanes sakea: but one
thing only troubled them much, that they knew not what
was Decome of Lucullus, neither could they heare any newes
of him, though his camiK- stoodv in such a place, when? they
niiglit enisily di-ccrnf it from th<- citie. But MiUiridata
somdiere deceived Uicm, for shctrtn^ them the Romanes
compe that lay above luird by thc-m, sayd unto thctn : Doe
ye see yonder campe then* ? 'llicry are the Medew, and the
Annenian.t, whoin rigranes hath sent to the aytje of Mithri-
dateii. Tluse wordea put the Cysdceniaiu in a marvelous Thettntta-
feare, seeing such a multitude of enemies disj)erN«-d mund tJJ!^* "^
about them : that when Lucullus should come to their «ide, ' '^^J^***
he could not well tell which way to passe. Yet at the
lenj*th they heard of Lucullus approach, by one called
Demonax, whom Archclaus sent unto them, but they would
not bclcvc him at the first, taking it for a talc, only to make
thi-iu be of good corngc, and vidliuritiy abide the furie of tlie
sic^' : untill sucii time as a litlc boy of theirs, esrajjed front
the enemies that before had ttiken him prisoner, was come
againv tinto them. Of whomc they inquired whore LucuUua
was: the boy laughr^l iit them, thinking they jcasted to
aske that ^uestimi of him. Rut wlien lie .law they were in
good eanie.it, he showtHi tlicni tJie Koaiaiit^ caiiipe with his
finger: then they Ix-lt-vwl it in dec<le, and were coragious
againe. There is a lake neere unto the ciUe of Cyzicus
called Dascylitide, and it is navigable with convenient biggc
boates. I.ueullus tooke one of the greatest of them, put it
in a carte, and so caried it to the sea, and tliere ])Ht a*
many souldiers in her as she could well cary, wlio bv night
entred into tlie citie, the skowte of the enemies never di»-
coying them. This small sunply did mar\-elously comfortc
the besieged Cyzicenians: and it M-enietb that the goddes,
delitiiig to see their noble corugts would further increase
and Hx»iire tlie same, by iiuiny niHiiif<9t toki*iis which they
871
LUCULLOS
A wiaod«rAill
tAkaaofB
caw tliat came
to offer her
■eliietathe
arieanlaos to
bencriSced.
Aricb^na
vuiioa.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
sent fipom heaven, and specially by one whkh wus this. Tlie
day of th« feast of Proserpina wus nt hand, and the citizens
hnd never a blaeke cowe to ofTer in sulrniiie $«crifico, us their
anncient cereniunics rvxiuirod: ik> they mude one of pia«te,
and brought it hiuxl unto tlie nulter. Now, the eowv that
wa» vowc^ to this .-Merilice, and whidi tlicy rv^-nil up of
purpoM to scire for that day, woii feeding omoDireHt thtr
tutord of tlie citle in Ute fi«ldefl, on thoUier Nide of tnv annv
of tlte sen. Uut tliat day site kept alone from at) tlK^ re«t of
the heard, and swanime over the anne of the .sea, and came
into the citie: where she went of her selfe unto the place
of the sacri6ce. Furthermore, the goddesse i'roserpina ber
sclfe appeared unto Arista^ros in His dreame, secretary of
the state and common wealth of the Cyziccnions, and sayd
unto him ; 1 am come hither to bring the flute of Libia,
Against the tromjict of Pont, and thercforu t^'ll the citizens
from mc, tluit I will them to Iw of giwi corage. Tlie next
morning when the secTL-torie hiul tt>!de them his viftiiui, the
Cizioenions nt'irvellod much nt the ^<>>ld<^'<i.-> wordn, and
could not imagine wliat tlivy inent Howlx-it at the breaks
of day there rose a great whistling winde, thnt mode the sea
billowni rise very higli : nnd tlte kings engines of Itatterie
which were hrotight t<> tlie walles of the dtie to plucke
tliera downe (bt-iiig wonderfull workes that one Niconidts u
Thes&alian enginer had made and devised) liegan to miike
Buch a noysc, and to breake in neecos by the roughnes of the
winde, tmtt a man might easily judge what would foltuvr
upon it. Then oil at one instant, the southwinde woa
become so vehement biggc, that in a moment it burst all
these engin« a simdcr, luid K|)eeially a tower i>f woildc of the
height of » hundred cubitt^-s, which the winde shooke so
vehemently, that it overLhR-we it to tlu' ground. And it is
soyd furtliennore, that in Uic dtie of Ilium tlic guddesse
Minerva appeim-d unto divviMj in their Klee|>e, all in a sweat,
and showing parte uf her voile tontc, aa if she hnd bene
newly rclonie*! from gi^ving nyde unto fJie Cyzi<*niaiv*: in
conlirm&cion when^if, the iuha)utant4-s of Ilium liave a jtillcr
yet unto this day, whereu|><in this matter is written for a
perpetual! memorie. Now was Mithridates mar^'elous sory
4
Li
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
for tho breaking and losse of his engines, hy mesncs whcrof,
tho Ciziccnians had escaped the daiinccr of assaultc, and
of the siccc in like nmner, untill l>c truly understood of the
l^rvat fiunioc that was in his cam|)e, and the vxtreamc dearth
to be such, as the sotildicTs were eomiieUed to vnte mans
R(.9h<% wbieh (bis Cnptuities abu^ng nini) hftd for a time
kept secret from his kiiowk-dge. But when he wuscnformed
of the truth in dede, he left of his vaine ambition ob)ctin«t«ly
to cotitincvre siege: knowing well tliut Luciillus made not
warreii with threats and braverv, but (afi the common pro-
verbe sayth) lept on his belly with both his feete, tJiat is to
my, he did what he could possible to cut of all the nttelb
from him. And therefore one day when LucuUus was gone
to assault a castell that troubled him very neere unto his
campe: Mlthridatcs bicause be would not lose that oportunity,
nt the most parte of bis horsemen to get vittels in Bithynia,
with all his cartes, and beastes of cariagv, and his most
unprofitable footemcn. Lucidlus hearing thereof, rcturrwd
againe the selfc same night unto his nunpe, and the next
morninge betiuKw Ix-ing in the winter season, followed them
by the tracke with ten eiisigiies of footeinen only and all his
hon^fineii. Hut the miuw was so d<.x-pe, the cold no terrible
sharp, and the wenthi-r so rough, that many of hi»i souldiers
not l>eing able to abide it, dyed hy the way. For all that he
marched on still, till be overtooke his enemies about the river
of Itindacus, where he gave Uieni such an overthrowe, that tlie
very women came out of the eitie of Apollonia, and went to
stealc the vittelts they had loden, and strippe the deail, which
were a marvelous great number, as a man may judge in sueh
a ease: and neverthelesae there were taken sixe thowsande
horse of ser^-ice, an infinite number of beastes of cariagc, and
fiftcene thowsande men besides, all which spoyle he brought
to his campe, and passed hard by tbe campe of his enemies.
But I wonder much at the historiographer Salust, who
wrytiiig of this matter sayth, that here was the first time
that ever the Romanes saw tmy camells. Me thinkes it
straungi^ how he should thinko so, that they wlio long hcforc
had overcoim-n AntirKhus the great under Scipio, and
tbotheiB that a litlc before ha«i fought against Archelaus,
873
WCVLIXS
Bxtroan*
famine 'm
ItlithriitntM
nmpe.
Provwbo: Hb
lept un bb
Idly with
both hit
f«ete.
Rinduiu It.
Lucullui;
ovwthrnw
MiUiridMM
horaemen.
tvcuLim
MlUir!dj>t«i
lied bf BU.
Orsnlcus B.
Luoulluit
(ivertlirowt-th
MilhrLiluUD
footetiteu bv
the river or
Gnulcua.
LvcuUna
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
n«ere iint<i tlic citi(» i>f Orc)ioiiieiie and Cbieronea, shuuld
not liave Keen* ciuiu'll*. Hut to retume Againe to our inAtter.
MithriclalcH l>eiiig fenred with thia overthrow, resolved with
him wife immediatly to Bie, with all tlte ^>c«de lie could
possibly make: and to entertaine and stay Luculltu for u.
time lichinde him, determined to scnde Aristonicus hii
Admirnll with his army by sea, into the sea of Graeoe.
But us Aristonicus was rcsdv to hoyse saylc, his ownc men
bctrnii-d him, and delivered ^im into the Knndts of LucuUus,
with tenne thowtand crownes which he cariod witli hiim
to eomipt if lie could parte of tlw Romanes army. Mithri-
cl«t««t hvnring of tliis, fled by sni, leaving tlie rent of his
armie by Innac in the handm of his Cnutaines to 1w brouglit
away by them as well iw they could. Lucullus followed
iiiilo the river of (iniiiieiis, wherv hi- set apon them, and after
he had slaine tWL'ttty (.howsiinde of thnn, tooLe on infinite
number prisoners. And they say there dyed in that warre,
what souldier^ what slaves, what lackeis, and other stragslen
that followed the campe, about Uie number of three hundred
thowik-uid peojilc. This done, Lucullus returned to the dtie
of Cyziciis, where after he had spent some daycs, tajoying
the glorie due unto him, and received the hoQombIc enter-
tainment of the Cyzicenians : he went to visitc tlie coast of
Helkiipont, to gi>t shippcs together, and to prepare an armie
by sea. And pushing uy Troadv, they )>rcpared his lodeJng
within titc temple of Venus : whore, a» he Niept in the nigbti
it seemed to liim he saw the goddcMc a|)pcarc before him,
which niyil tJic-Ke ver^^s unto him :
U Lyon fleree, aoil »towt« : wliy itteefiMt thou ^ Munde i
Since at thy hande hi fayre a pray*, ih ready to be foniulr.
Herewitli he rose incontinently out of bis bed. being yet
d&rke night, and calling his frmds to him, toldc tliem the
vision he bad in his <)rrmne : and about that verv time also
there came some unto him from the citie of Ilium, that
brought him nvwes of fiflccno gallics of kinge Mitbridatiti,
having five ores to every baneke, that were scene in the hawn
of the Achainns, and that saylcd towards the lie of I.«inno«.
■Whereupon T.ueiillus tooke «hippc *trnight, went ainl tookc
3T4
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
tlicm Kvciy one : for at hU first connning he slue the Cnptaine LUCULLUS
cftlled InaurUH, niitl went aflerwardes tn the other marinere
that lay nt aiicker on the coafit side, who aeeiiige him come,
drew titwanles land with their §bippeB, in purpoiie to rimne
them all a shore, and fighting above hatcnes, hurt many of
Lucullus ttouldiers, bicause they could not compasse them in
behinde, and for that altut the place where they had laycd
their ahippes was such, as theHL- wiis no way to force them
before, their gullies floting in Uie mw as Ihey did, and
the others being fastiK-d to the land us tlicy wen*. Liicullus
with much a uo all thiK notwitlistandinfr, fotind nieancs in
the end to put a Nhore certaiiie of the best itouhJii'r^ he hod
about him, in « place of the He where they might ca-sily
huKlf. The^ Miuldien went stmif^ht and set ujKni tlie
ciiuiiies l>eliinde, slue some of tlieni even at their first
commine, and compelled tlie rest to cut a sunder the
cables l£at fastned Uie gallies to the banckesL But when LucuIIii*
they thought to flic from lande, the rallies brused and ovprramc
bralce one an other : and that worst of all was, ranne upon M't'"i^'it«*
the tmyntes and snuiTcs of Liicullus gullies. And so many
of them that stoode itbove luitcbes wen- i<laine, the rest taken
priisoners: among(^«t whom, MiuHus the Houiane Captaine
was brought unto Lucullux, whom Serturius had sent out
of Spaiiif unto Mithriduti.^. Hir had but one eye, and
LueiiUu» had eounnnuiideil his men before they fought, not
to kill any of his ciieii)ie.t tliat bad but one eye : biaiuw
Mariua should not dye so happy a death, as to l>e filairie, but
that be flhould dye some shamn^ull death, and he oontlenined
by order of lawe. 'I'hat done, Lucullus went in ]»eri<»ne
witli all the soeedc he could (KtssibU' to follow Mithridateti,
hoping to finoe him yet upon the coast of Bithynia, where
Vocomus should have stayed him : for he had sent this
Voconius before with a certain** number of shiupcs unto the
citie of Niconicdin, to stop him from Hying. But he taried
Ml long in the He of Samotbraeiji Mu-ntii-ing to tlic goddes
of the Kame, <m<I to Iw reei-ived into the fnit<-rnitie of their
religion, that he coidd never after come necre Mitliridates to
stoppe him from flying : having alreadie made sayli- with all
the whole Reete, ana hasting with all possible speetle to '
S7fi
m
UfCDUUS
AtitlirklAtM
in|[r«at
daanger apon
titeaeaby
tcoipeet.
LnculliM
ambit! on oom-
in«udal>l«,
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
noover the nftlme of PonbiH, U-fore Lticulliu oouUl rxHumv
from whence he vent Uut in Miyliii^ thitherwardes he mvt
with »uch a terrible storme, Uint omotl piorte of his shippvs
to nway, that tliey raiiiie ^traeHng to »eekc their ft>rtiine,
and parte of them splitted and drowned outright: so that
alt the coantes and rivers thereabouts, for many dayee after,
were full of dead bodies and shippewrackcs cast a shore by
waves of the sea, Nowe for Xlithridatts ownc pcrsone. hie
was in a shippc of great burden, tite whicli for her greatnes
could not suylc ncerc the shorv, nor n^covcr land, she was
a])K> very evil) to be guided by the pylobi in so boyiitvrous s
Rtortnc : t)ic ntitriiK-r^ bi-«id<v were ]H>t out of all tlinr skill
an<l kuowlwigts and tin- Hhippv ht-r ruAfv moreover toDke in
Kucli Ktoiv of water, luul wiu xtj hmvi-ly chained witltiil), that
they dunt no ntore put Iter out to tIte sea. Itv rcfuton
whereof Mitiiridatea was compelled to me abord a litJe
tHnase of pyrates, and to put hini selfe and hli life into thdr
nandes, by whooe heipe in tlie cnde, (beyond all expecta-
tion, but not without great daujjger) he got to lande, and
recovered the citic of Heraelea in the rttdme of Pontus.
Now here is to be noted, that the great bnkverie Lttcullus
shewed unto the Senate of Rome, fcC out aeiDrdirig tu his
imagination by the favor of the goddt^ For when the
Senate bad appointed for ending of UiCHe warre> to prepoiv
A great navie of ithipj>cj, and tncrewithaU luid gevcn order
for three thowtande talvntes : Lueullun stayed tiiem by
tetUr^ tiiat Uiey should not doe it, writing bravely unto
tlietn, tliat without all tlit* charge and great prejtaration he
ii'ould l)e HtnHig entmgh to drive Mithridates from the sea,
witJi tiie onely shipites he would borrowe of their frendes
and confederates. And in deedo, through the spcctaU favor
of the gD<Ides, hi/ brought it so to iiasse ; for they !*«y. that
this terrible stornie that destroyed the Hmiie of Mitliri-
dates, was raised up by Diana, being oliended ititli tlu> men
of the realme of rontus, bicaus*- tliey liad dwtnjytni her
temple in the citic of iSiapos, and hod omc^l uway h«r
{mage. Now then: were divers that ooiutselled Luculltu to
dcfcn« tite rest of this warrc, imtill an other KOion : but
notwithstanding all their pcrswasious, be went tlirough the
876
«
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
contrie of Gdlfitia oiid Bitiiynia to invsde the rcalme of
Mitliridates. Iti Uil* which voyitgc, at the first beginning he
locked vittclls, sy that then' wt-rr thirty thowsand men of
GaUtia following his cnmiH-, tliat airifd cvt-ry one of them a
ht»hell of wheaU on their shoiiUU-rs : howlx-lt entring further
into the contrie, and c<)nqu<rring the whole, th^n- was such
exceeding plenty of all Uiinges, that an oxc was sold in his
campe but for a Drachma, and a Hiave at foure times as
much. And of all otlier spoyle tliere wa» such great store,
that either tliey oiade no reckening of it, or else tJiey made
havoke of it, bicause there was no man to sell it unto, evenr
man having so much of his owne. For they ranne over all
thip contrie unto the citie of Thcmiscyra, and to the vallie»
that lay apon the river of Thermodon, and stayed no where
Icnj^r then they wen; a s{M>yiing. Thcrcu])on the souldient
beganov to murmure nt Lucullu«, biutiisc he assured all the
citiM upon coni[KMition, and never tookc anv of them by
force, nor gave them any moanes to niridi them sciv« by
spoyle : and yet »ayd Uiey, he wouUI make u» now go fiirthw,
and leave AmisuK, a great ricli citie wliich we might owsily
take hy force, if it were but a litle ntraightly Iwsieged, and
lead us into the desertes of the 'llbarcnians and the Chal-
deans to %ht against Mithridates. I^ucullus paawd ovei*
all these complaints, and made no reckening of tliein, hicause
he would never have tliought that they would have fallen
into such mutinie and fune, as afterwards they did ; and
contrarily excuaed Iiim selfc the more carefully to them that
blamed and reproved him, for his long tarying upon towncs
and villages that wen? not worth the reckening, and suflbring
Mithridatcs in the mcane time to gather n new force and
nrmie together at his nicnsiirc. 'For, said he, that is the
' marke l shotte at, and thnt mnketh me linger time up and
' downe a:> I doe, wi.'thing nothing m<in:, then Lhnt, he might
' once againe make him selfc strong, and brin^ a second
* armie to the field, that might embolden him to come
' eftsoones to the fight with utt, and ruinie away no more.
* Doe you not see, sayd he, that at hi:i> hacke he hath an
' infinite number of desert contries, where it is unpossible
' ever to follow him by the traeke : and hard by him also
3 : BBB S7T
WCVUX^
LiicuIIdo
iomey into
Poiituiii,
All oze
bought for a
Drachma.
Tli« mutiny
uf LuculluH
Muldiers.
Luaillus
iimtiuti aiid
ciL'ut« Ui hi*
Miuldivni.
tiiiiK of
Armmiin,
nuri«d
MithridatM
(Uu^ter.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LVCULLUS ' the mounte Caucasus, and manr other unpeasablr places,
' which are euflicicut uot only to hide him alonr, hut infinite
* number of other prinora and kings bcsidos that would flic
' battcll, and not come to licht f Furthormurv, it in but a
' litis way from the oontnc of thv C<ibiriiiian« unto the
* rvalnx; of Amieniii, whnv Tigraiii's tite king of kingvs
* inhahitcth, wh<»« ]x>wer in »o great, tliat ha driveth the
' Partbians out of Asia, and <»rteth whole towues and cities
* of Grmce unto the reolmc of M«dia, who hath all Syria and
* Falffistine in hia bandes, and hath tilaine and rooted out the
' kinget and successors of the great Selcucus, an<l hath caried
' away tlieir wives and daughters prisoners bv force, 'ITiia
' great and mightie kinge is allyed unto Mithridates, for
' he maricd Mithridatce daughter : and it i* not likely that
' when Milhridates shall come and iutniite him to bolpc him
' in his distmHH.', tluit Tigrimcs will refu»c him, but rather
' we miut thinkc certainly that ho will make warmt u|M>n ua
' in bis dt-feiK-e. And thus, in making hast to drive out
' Mitbridiiti-!', vri: Khali bring our st-lv*« into gnnjt dnungvr,
' to provoke a new eneniic, even 'l^granes agaiiLst u;*, who of
* long time hath lurked for a just occasion to make wanva
' witn us : and he con have no honeater cause to take anne*,
' then to defend and kepe a king his neiglibour, and so neere
' a kinscman, from utter destruction, and one that is c««n-
' pelted to secke u[>on bim for sticcor. What neede we then
' to provoke him to procure it, and teache Mtthridatea
' (which be purposeth not) to whom he should repa>Te for
* aide, to make wnrrm against our selves, and pricke him for-
' ward, or to say better, put him witii our ownc handes into
' Ute way to go M-eki' aide of Tigmiti'si : which i>f him selfe
' he will never doe, (tliinkiug it a di.-Oidiior unto him) oule«sc
' we drive him t^) it for very iieceiMitie. Is it not In-tter for
' us to gcve hint leA.iure and time, U> gather a seeoitd force
* Bgaine of him itclfe, and his ownt: pi.-opie, that we might
* rather 'ight with the Colchiamt, 'niMreniaiis, Cappadoctana,
' and with sueii other people wlioine we have so many times
' overcome; tlien with the Medes and Amienians?' With
this determination LucuUus taried a great while before the
citie of jVmisu5, continuing this siege of purpose, without
378
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
(]iBtr<.s«iig tlufn at iill. Aftvrwarclcs wh«n winter was past,
be left Miiri-mi tJicrc to luntiiiui- the HicRC, and him sclfc with
Uie r(-st "f his anniu went t« met-te ^IiUl^idutl.'s : who had
planted hi.i (uiin)K- nccre unto the citie uf Cul>ira, deterniining
to tarie the Uomiuies coiiiniiiig, having gntltered together
uaine a new nrmie of furtie tliowMuul fout^iiieii, and fourc
thowaand hnnteniv-ii, in Uu- whii'h lie put hU nioist c»n(iilei)cc
and trust, so that he piwjii-d over tiw rii-er of l.yens, tuid went
and presentee! battell tii the Itonmnea in tlii^ platne fielti.
There the hoi-seuieii skiniiialiod, and the llomani^ \itu\ the
worse: for there waa one Pompoaius a Rcmiane taken, of
great estim&cion, who was brought unto king Mithridates
hurt as he was. Mithridatcs asked him, if in saving his life,
aiid healing his woundcs, he would becimie his servaunt and
frend. ijtntight replvitl I'umjjonius, With all my hiu't (jiiod
he, so tliat thou make peiiee with thi- Hiininm^ : if not, I
will ever be tliine eiKiniv. The king esteemed bin corage
much, and wuuld doe him no hurt And iw for LucuUii*. he
was afirayed to oome into the plainc, bicau^e hiH enemie w&s
the stronger of hor»einen : and tie doubted also on thotlier
side to take his way by the mountainc, bicanse it was vi-ry
high, uneasie to clime, and full of woddcs and forrcstes. Hut
n» he stoode thus doubtfull, tliey tooke eertaine Gra-ciaua
by chaunoe that were fled, and hidden in a cave hard by,
among tJic which there was an old man called Artemidorus,
who promised LucuUus if he would believe and follow him,
he would bring him into a sure strong place to lodge
his can])H% where was u castell ubovi- t\w citJe of C'abirn.
Lucullus bcJeved tJie olde nian» wordt-K, wburefurt? no Mione
aa night t^nie, he rained great tinn iii hU eainpe, and i«'ent hLo
way : and ailer thity liati ]ia.s»ed cerlaine straight and daun-
gerouH wayes of the moimtainett, he came in the morning
unto the place whicli Artemidorus had promised to bring
him. Now tlie enemies were niarvelously amazed when day
lipht came, to see him there over them, in a place where if he
ii'tt to light, he might come apon them with advantage : and
if he liked not to sturre, it was unpossiblc to compel! him.
For he stoode indifferent then to hsjiard lmtt«'II or not. But
in the muanc season, they say certainc of the kiogcs campe
379
LUCULLUS
mmnrd «t
(.'nblrn.
MitliridatM
array.
L;cus fl,
1'hpmniitBDCjr
iif a Konuuie
■Duldivr.
Luctillus
tlicth Mithrl-
dsUM hor*»-
tnea.
WCVLVOH by ch
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
• R hunting the hortv. Titc HonuLnctt ]»
The iifcht of
n GfiDcrall in
k bnttell in of
mvTelouii
(on*.
Apolltkka
deriM of tha
Ro«nui«t to
coirardly
Miuldi«nL
TheDonta-
riani wKat
iieuplii they
iaun<^' wci
CciMng that, fell iijjon Ihc-ni lo cut thciH ol t»y llic wnv : ac
thfV bt'gan by this mvniics om- Im cliiirgc iiii oilier in KUch
sorti-, rt'lii-fi' growing still from cithvr side, as Mithridatis
men grow the stroiigi.-r. But the Rotnwies seeing their men
Aie froRi the treticlica of their campe tibove, were in such
a rage, tlmt thej' all ranne in a choller to Lucullua to prav
him ne would leatle them to liattell, and geve them a signall
to fight. Lucullus, bicause he would shew them by experi-
ence how much the pi-esencc and eye of a good wigc Captaine
in time of needc was worth : eommaundeJ them they should
not once sturre, and he him selfc in persone went downc into
the vallev, where he comniaunded the first of his men he met
withall ffviiig. to st&y, and retitme to the figlit ugninv with
him. Whicn liny presentiv did, and all the otlicr in like
case: imd thus giitlieriiig tVni togi-ther againe^ did easilj
itiiike their enemies nitunie. Hint bi-fon- had ttu-m in cha»e,
and drave them tmcke, lighting with them even liard to their
owne forte. Alterwaixlt^ iippon h!^ retume againe to bis
campe, he sctte his snuldieni tliat fled, unto a oertaine peece
of worke to shame them withall, which the Komanea are
wont to use in such a case : and tJiat is, that he made theni
digge a diteh of twelve foote longc, being in their shirtcs, ail
uiitnis.'ted, and thetr other eomponions present seeinge them
doc it. Now there was in king Mitiiridates campe, one
Olthacus, prince of the Dnrdnriaiu (which arc cx-rtaioe bar-
baroux peo]ile dn-elHng ii]k>ii the niaritihes of Kfa-otin) a noble
geiitleiiian of his persoiic, vallyiuit, and skilfull in warres, and
a man of very giM.«l judgement to dia' iitiy great enterprise
as any that was in all the armie, and furlJii-nnorv a prince of
great good grace and entertainment in companie. Knowing
bow to focioa him selfe witli all men. Thi» prince, being
alwaves at strife with other Lonles of his contrie, and coa-
tending who should have the first placid of honor and favor
i»b<nit the king: went unto Mithn dates and piimiiscd him
tiuit he wimld do him notable service, and that was, tlmt he
woidd kill I.iicullus. The king was very gUd of tliis promise,
and prai»cd him morvelously in secret : bowbeit openly of
purpose he did him many injuries, bicause he might have
380
^
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
some colour to counterfeate anger and displeasure, and to
gcve way for him to goe yeldc him selfe unto LucuHus as he
did, Lucullus was marvelous glad of him, bicause he was
one of the ehiefest men of name in all his campe. and to prove
him withall, gave him cfaargf imnutliatly : ni the which he
behaved him selfe so well, that Liicullus greatly esteemed
his wtsedome, and commended his diligence, in such sortv
that he did him this honor, to call him sonitimes unto the
counsel!, and make him sit at his borde. Une day whvii tliix
Dordarian prince Olthacus Uiought U* have found fit occasion
to exe4;ute his enterprise, he cominauiidc-d his footemeii to bt-
realty with hiit home out of the trencher of tlie i-ampe: and
at none dayes when the aouldiers tookt- rest, and iileiit here
and there in the canipe, he went unto Lucullus tent, thinking
to have found no body there to kepe hira from comming in,
considering the fantiliaritie Lucullus shewed him, saying also
be had matten of great importance to talke with him of:
and sure he had gone in immediatlv unto him, if sleepe that
aurteth away so many other Csptaincs, had not at that time
pi\»ened and S(H'cd Lucullus that slept. For one of the
groomes of his chamber called Menecicmus, who by good
fortune kept tJie dorc of the t«-nt, told him Uiat he ainie tn
verv ill time, bicause Lucullus being wearied with travdl and
lacKe of sleepe, was bnt tlieii newly laycd downe to rest.
Olthacus wluitsoever the other sayd to him, would not I>e so
aunswered, but tolde him he wnuld come in whether he
would or not, for he must nedes speake with him in a matter
of great importaunce. Menedeniusi aunswered him againe,
that nothing could be of greater importance, nor more
necessarie, then the preservation of his masters life and
health, who had neede to take rest: and with these words,
he thrust him backe with both his hands. Olthacus was
afFraycd then, and withdrew him selfe secretly out of the
trenches of the campe. touke his horse bat.-k, and rode
Htmight to Mithridates campe without his purpose he came
for, which was to kill Lucullus. And thus it plainly ap-
peareth, that occ^ision, and oportunity of time, even in great
matters deliven-th meancs, to save or di'stroy tlio life of man,
like as drugged and mLtlidQes geven unto the sicke and
381
LUCULLUS
Liiciillna
OlthHcu*
con«piracf..
OlthMU*
ptiiifio <>f the
LucuUua
lir«Hiv«l
bysloepc
UTCULLUS
tnnllua
rictory of
cerUioB of
MitbridBte*
CaptoinoK.
MidiridMM
DoblvilWD
■md ftmiliin,
fMUOOf
mktiny and
orcrtKrdwc
of hU whvli-
•nnj.
MItliridstM
flieth.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
diseased personcs. Sliortly after, Lucullus sciit one of hu
Captaincs called Surnatius to get vittells, with t«nne ensigoes
of footcDicn. Wl>ereof Mithridatcs being adrertised, sent
presently at his taylc one -of his Coptaines also, called
McDaiKu-T) unto whom Somattus gave battell, and slue him
with groat slaughter of hiit men beside. And afterwardcs
Luculltw sent an other of liU LiLiiteimuntes uilli-d Adriiuius
with « gT«At c«>mpaiite of Mrtddiens to get vittellK into his
campe more tlien rit- should n»-dc. MiUiridnti.« did not U;t
alippe this occasion, but sent HfUf him two of bin Captaines
also called Meneinachus and Myron, with a great numlxT of
men, as well footemeii as horsemen: all wliich were sUine,
two only excepted, that brought newes backe to Mithri<latet
campe : the which he sought to salve as well as he eould,
saying that the los«c was much Icssc then it was thought for,
ttiid Uutt it fortinied through tlic ignoraunce and rashnes of
h)« Lietiti-iiiiuntts. But Adrianus at his retutn«, passed by
Mitliridates cAmpe with gn-ut pom^w and nmjcstie, earying a
huge tiuinlier of cjirt.s lodeii with eorrie and spoykrs he had
wonnc : which drave Mithridatet Kelfe inti> ku grent a dis-
paire, and all his people into sucli a feare and trouble, tlint
ne presently determined to remove thence. Wh<-n;«iK»n, the
nobility and such as had place of credit about hiui, lii^^aiuic
to send before, and secretlv to convey thdr stuR*e out of the
campc, but utterly prohibiting others to doe the same. Ihe
rest of the soiddiere seiiig the stowtnos of the kiiiges minions,
tx-ganni; to set uiion them with opim force, not suR'ering them
on the other sule once to issue out of the campc. This
mutiuie grt^we to such • fury, that they overUirv^'we thdr
au-iage)t and sumpter moyles, and shie them pn.'nentiy downe.
Ainongu»t others there was slaine Dorykus, one of the
chiefest Caiitaiues of all their campe, who bad nothing
about hini nut a purnle gowne, for the which they killM
him : and HemueuB Ute I nest of the sacrifices was troden
under foote, and smoothercd at the campe gate, by reaMinof
the multitude of those that fled in so great disorder. The
king him selfe amonji^t othcn Si-^, but baring never a one
of his garde about him, nor any of th<t|iiiries of his stable
to bring him a hotsc : Ptolomy, one of the grooincs of his
S8S
I
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
chamber, percaving him in the company of tJicm that fled, LUCDLLM
lighted of his ownc horw^, and pave him th# king, but even io
manner too Intc. For the Uoniiu»^« tliut fulUtwiil liini were
then even hm-d nt bis tnylc : (Uid it wn.-( not fur lackt^ of
specde they missed the tiiking of liini, for tliey were very
nei.'re hitn : but the eovetounnej< t>f Ute xouldiers was the lowe CovstonnM,
of Oiv prwye they had so Imifr i>(>ught for, with so great paine the overthrow
and hazard of huttellw, and depHved LucuUub of the honor *'»"'">''*•«"■
and reward of all liis victories. For ttiey were so neere unto
him, that if they had but followed Mithridatcs never so litle
further, tliey had out of doubt overtaken hinit and his horse
that caried hira away. But one of the moyles that caried
his gold and silver (whether by chounoc, or of pretended A rtnt*'
policie of Mithriclutes, as a muttt^r p»q)o»eIy halmndoned K«an»e of
to them that jmr<ued him) was found in the middest of the M'l^'ri'l't**-
high way Ix-lwixt him that lli-d, and the Kiiiiiaiutt that
foUowwi : who stiiyi'd there to robin- the giild and silvei',
fighting about it, that Mithridates by that meane» wanne
gruund ro farre l>efore tliejii, a>t they could never afler come
iieeru him againe. And this losse was not all which tJie
covetousnes of the aouldiers made LucuUus to lose. For,
one of tlie (^hiefest secretaries of the king being taken, called
Calli^tratus, whom LucuUub comtnaunded to be brought
unto him to his cainpc ; Uicy that had the charge of him,
hearing tell that he had five hundred crownut in a girdle
about liim, for OTceilinek of them, slue him by the way, and
yet notwitfutAiiding LLietilltiK suflVred them to spoyfc and
destroy the whole cju)i)k' of their enemitst. After Mithri-
dntes flight, i.ueulhw timke the citie of Cfthini, and many
other cnstelLi and ntrnng places, where he founde grwit
treasure, and tlit^ prisons full of poore prisoners of the
GnecdanH, and many Frinccs a kinne unto the king him
•elfe, which were thought to be dead long before : and
I then seeing them selves delivered from this miserable
bondoffe, by the grace and b«.-nefit of Lucullus, thought
with them selves they were nut only taken out of piison,
but revived and turned againe unto a second life. There
was also taken one of king Mithridatcs sisters called
Nitsa, wh««c taking fell out profitable for her : bicattsc all
383
LVCULLVS
MlUiridBte*
iluobiiiRiM^n
The cur^^e
of Moulme
Mithriaatea
wife.
Maulm^ )i«T
throte waa
CuL
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
Mithridat«s other wires and suten whome they placed
furthest of, as out of all tlAimecr (and seot into a contrio
of grratcst safety, nwru unto uic citie of Phamada) dyed
pitiefully. and wtv iiiiscmbly slainc. For Klithridatea s^iit
mw of thv frnmmo-s of iiw prtrio chamber unto them
cullnl Baccliidus, to brine tlieni word that thvy must all
dye. Amongest many other noble Lodin, there were two
of the kingea sisters, called Rnxano and Statira, which were
forty yeres old a pcece, and yt-t had nvver beni; mariird ; and
two of his wives aUo whom he hafi tnaried, Iwth of the contrie
of Ionia, the one called llerenict-, lH)niu in the III- of Chio,
and the other Monime, in the citie of Miletum. Monimi-, she
was very famous amongcst the Gradaiis : for notwithstand-
ing king Mithridatcs importunate dealing, being farre in lore
with her, insomuch as he sent her fiftecnc thowsand crowncs
at one time, yet she would never geve eare unto hts sute,
until! such time as the miiriitge was a^^cd upon betwvnv
them, and that ho hiui went her his DIadcame or myall
bandc, and calli.'d her by tlic name and titic of Queene.
This pooro I,Hdii- aft«r the mariage of thi« barbarous king,
had long lived a woefull life, bewailing continually her ac-
cursed lieauty, that in ste-ade of a luHbatid, had pmcured her
a master : and in steade of the inatrinianiall companic which
a noble woman shoidd enjoy, had gotten her a gard ajid
garrison of barbarous men, that kept her a^ a priwner, farre
mim the sweete contrie of Gricee : in chaunge whereof, she
had but A dreame and shadow of the hoped goods she looked
for, having unforlunntelv left them witJiin her own« contry
site happely enjoyed lK-^r>re. Now when this Bacchlde* wi
come unto them, and had commnundcd them from the kin
to choose what mancr of deAth they would, and which every
one of them thought nitut Misiest, and least painefull ;
Monim^ pluckt of the royall bande from her head, and tyit
it on a knot nhuve Iter necke, hung her selfe, iMit the ban
not UHng Ktrong enough, brake ineontincntlv. Whereupon
she cried out: O cursed ainl wicked tissue, wilt thou not yet
serve me to tiid my snmwfull daycs? And speaking these
worde^ cast it on the gmunde and spit apon it, and beULj
out her throte to Boochides to be cut a mndcr. The other,'
384
>
¥
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Bcrvnic^: she t(K>kr a cuppe full of uuywm her mother being
Sirceent, who prayeil her to let her haw h4Ufe, the which sJie
lid, and they ilranke it of betwene them. The ftuve of tJie
poyfloii wa.1 strange enough to kill the old mother weake
with age, but not so quickely to destroy the dauc;hter:
bicauae she had not taken that proportion whieh woulu have
served her tume, but drue out the {tttine's of her death uj
IcDgtli, untill such time as Daechiilos iiastiiig to dispatch
her, she in tJie end did >-trai)gle her self. As for the liings
two sisters, Koscane und Statyra, which were virf^ine* yet
umnftried, they »uy, that one of Uieni niso dnuike poison,
cuniog and detesting the cruelty of her brotlk-r : howbeit
SUtira gave never Rti evill wonl, nor wtu faiute liarted or
Homwfull to dye, but eontrarily did commend and thanke
her bi'other highly, tliat seeing him selfe in daiuiger, imd
not yet forgotten them, but was carefull to cause them dye,
before they shoulde fall as slaves into the handes of their
cnemio, and before they could come to dishonor them, or do
them \i]lany. These pitiefidt misfortunes went to Lucullus
luirt, who was eurteous aitd gentle of nature : iicvcrthcliSM-
he w^.iit on further, still follonin^ Mithridittei> at the heeles,
inito the city of Talaum. And thi-rL- iin<lersbiniliiig tltat ho
was fletl foure <ltty<« before unto Tigrane^ ill Armenia, re-
turned bocke agnine, having first subdued the ('htddianit,
and tJie I'^baivninntt, taken Armenia the h«te, and brought
the cities, castelU, and strong places unto hia obe<Iience.
That done, he sent Appius (jodiai unto king 'I'igranes, to
Bumuione him to deliver Mithridates unto him : and him
aelfe tooke his iomey towards the citic of Amisus, which
was yet besicgeo. The clause why this siege continued long,
was the sufliacncie and great expcricnee of the Captaine that
kept it for the king, i^led CallimHchus : who understoodv
ao well howe all sortes of vugiiies of batterie wxtc to be used,
and wm GO subtill bciddeit in all invciitionit that nii^it xene
to di-fi-ndc u place besiegi-d, a.s he tmiibled tlie Komanes
much in this att^-mpt: but afterwarden he wit^ not only met
withall, and payed home for all hiit labor, but aitio outreached
C.lus for all bia linenesse. For where before be had
jBcd to sound tbe retreate at a oertaine bower, and
C 3B£
LUCULLUS
U«renicfc
The conge
ofSlalifn
iMitliridatvi
urtvr.
Appiiu do-
[)iu8M>UtUI)tu
Tigraiie* from
Lucullus.
CaUimachua
e«iv«f oor of
Amiius.
LucuJIui wan
Amisus.
MtUthnreof
Amljui Aud
IU«tb.
Lncullnl cur-
twc towardm
tho citia of
Amiaua.
Lucttlliu
genUs myiog.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
to call his rocii backc from the assaultc, to rest them: one
day be brake that order on the sodaitic, and commiDgc to
usaultc the wnllc, at the 6rst charge wannc a pcccc of it,
before those within could come in time to resist them.
Callimachus seeing that, and knowing it was now unpot-
sible to kvcpG the city any len^r, fon»okc it. But iMfore
hiM departing )h' iH.-t tnv citic a (ire, vitlti-r fur th« malice to
the Komi\iM.-s, bi«uL*e he would not tlwy sliould enriche
them selvw witli tin; saeke of m great a citie: or else for
a policy of warrc to luire the more leiuure to save him selfe,
and flie. For no man gave eye to them that fled by sea,
bicause the flame was so great, that it dispersed it sdfe even
to the very walles, and the Uomane souldiers, they only
prqjared to spoyte. LucuUub seeing the 6rc without, had
companion of the citie within, and would gladly have holpcn
it, and for the purpose prayed the souldiers i^uickely to
quench it : but not a man would barken to him, every one
gaping aflur the spuyle, making grvat noj'sc with ctossfaing
of lianieMw, and Ix-ing very lowde besides othvrwi.ic, till at
the U-ngth eiifore*-*! Uiereunto, he gave the city wholly to
•po)']e, hoping tliereby ti> Mtvc the Imhikcii from lire, but it
fell out cleaiio contrary. For Uie .toldicn tln-in selves in
seeking all alwut with torclics and IJnrkes lighted, to see if
any thing were hidden : they set a number of houses a fire.
So as LucuUus comming into the citie the next nwming, and
seeing the great desolacion the fire had made, fell of weep-
ing, saying unto bis fiuniliar fiends about him: he had
oflentimra before thought Sylla happy, howbeit he never
wondred more at his good forttine, ttien that day he did.
For, SylUi sayd be, desiring to save the citie of Athens, the
riddes grauntcd him that favor that he might do it : but
that would faine follow him thcnan, and save this citie,
fortune thwarting my dexirc, hath brought me to the re-
Sutacioo of MummiuM, that caused Corinthe to 1a> burnt
'evertbdesae he did his best endevor at that time to helpe
the poore citie againe. For touching the fire, even immv-
diatly after it was taken, by Gods providenoe there fctl a
shower of raine as it was newly kindled, that qtienchcd it :
and LuculluH selfe before be left the citie, made a grcst
386
I
■
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
number of the houses which were spoyled In fire, to be WCVLLVS
built up a^ne, and curteoufily received all the inhabitauntes
that were lied, besides them ne placed other Gnedans tliere
also, that were willing to dwell amongest them, and increased
the boundes and confines of the citie which he gave them,
one hundred and twenty furlongea into the contrie. This
citie was a colony of the Athenians, who had built and
founded it, in the time that their Empire florished, and that
they ruled the seas : by reason whereof, many flying the
tyranny of Aristion, went to dwell there, and were made
free of the city, u» the natural! inhabitAnte of the same.
This good liappc fell upon them, that fonialcing t)>eir ownc
goodes, they went to jKMtsesse and enjoy tlie goodat of otlier
men: but the very citiiteDS of Athens it selfe that had
escaped from this great dtsolation, Lucullus clothed them
well, and gave tliem two hundred Drachmas a pecce, and sent
them againe into their contrie. 'I'y'^'iii*''' ^^ grammarian TyruuiioBtlie
was taken at that time, whom Mursna begged of Lucullus : gwmmariau
and Lucullus having graunted him unto him, he made him ^'^^'^•
free, wherein he dclt very discourteously, and did much abuse
Lucullus liberality and gift unto him. For in bestowing this
prisoner uppon him, who was a famous learned man, be ilid
not meane Muriena»)}ould take him fora bondeman, whereby
he should ncedc afterwardes to make him frcv. For seeming
to make him free, and restore him to libertie: was no more
but to take that frcedome and lilx'rty from him, which be
had from hin birth. But in many other tbinees, and not in
that only, Monena layed him selfe open to the wurld, that
he had not all tlie partes a worthy C^ptaine Khuuld have in
him. Whtm Lucullus departed from Amisus, he went to
visitc the dties of Asia, to thend that whilest he was not
now occupied with warrcs, they might have sonw refreshing
of lawcs and justice. For, by reason that law was not
executed of long time in Asia, the poorc cootry was so
ftiHicted, and oppressed with so many cvilb and miseries:
ait no man living woidd scant brieve, nor any tongue can
well declare; For, the extrcamc and horrible cuvetousnes
of the farmen, customers, and Komanc uscrers did not only
devoure it, but also kept it in such bondage and thralilome,
887
LtHiiilliui r«-
llavttb Aaia
from RXtrtaiae
nmiry.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
WCVUJOi that particularly the poor* fiithen were drinn to m^ tbdr
coodly jroung MntM* aod diuf^ten id mwiafre, to pay tho
interest (Uid uM^ry of the Dtutwy wliidi tln--v hud borovrttl
to (liftciuLrf(C tlteir dnen witlutU: aiid publiKcly tiiv tftblc*
dedioftted unto tite temntcH, tltc statues of their goddc*, and
other trhurcti juelb : ana yet in the end, they them nelres won
iUko j udged to be bondmen and slaves to their cniell creditors,
to weare out their dayes in miserable servitude. And yet
the wont of all was, tlie piB)-ne they put them to before thej
were so condemned: for thry imprisoned them, set tliem
on the rockc, tormeiitul Umiu uppon u litle brascn borae^ ^
aette them in the iitockcs, nutdc them «tande naked in the ^H
grcairat hMttv of soramer, and on the i»e in the deepest of ^^
winter, •» an tltnt bonda^' wemvd unto thi-in a reliefe of
their mi^x-rii':*, iind n runt of thvir tnnnentcs. luicullus found
the vitio tif A.iiit full of sucli op|iresdons, but in n Hhorte
time after lie delivered them ail that were wrongfully tor-
mented. For liret be tooke order, they should luxximpt for
the a<>ery that was payed monethly, the hundred parte of
the principall dot ouely, and no more. Secondly he cut of
ail UMerics that passed the principall. Tliirdlv, whicli wa^
the fpvatcsl matter of all, he ordamcti that the creditor and
userer should enjoy the fourth parte of the pmfites and
revenues of his dettcr. And he tiiat juyned uscry with the
{trincipall, that is to tay, tooke itwTy upon usery : should
ose the whole. So tJtat by this order, nil dettes were payed
in lessc tlieii fourth yean'-s aitd the ownem lande» and revenues
•et clcrc of all huiikt ■vtyniont.-i. This Min;haj]ge of iiseries,
aune of the twenty thowsande taietiteit, wherein Sylla had
condemned tlie coiitrie of Asia : the which summe tlioy had
payed twise l)cfore unto the farmers and collectoni of the
Konianes, wlm had nused it, still heaping usery upon iixcry,
to the summe of sixe se»re thowsand talent^ K'herefore
these eollectc»ni and farmers rnnne to Ktime, and cried out
Upon LitculluK, saying, that be did them the greatest wrong
that could he, and by nii-unexof money, tltcy procured L-ertaiiu*
of the common «>uiL'>vlkT« to spcake n^oiiut him : which they
miglit iwiily doe, bicause thev luid di\'ersic of tlieir names iu
their bookes tliat dcit in UiaJraircH of the common wealth at
888
Tliat I" «ft?r
tlioratc of 13
III tho hun-
dred fur the
ymr*.
LawesMt
downafiw
nseren.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Home. Bitt I.iicullus was Dot oiity beloved of those contries
whom lie did good unto, but was wnilied fur aiid desired alto of
others, wlio thought the coiitnes liappy that might have such a
governor. Now for Appius Clodius, whom LucuIIub had seut
Before from Talaura unto kine Tigranes in Armeiua,au<f whose
sister at tliat time was Luciulus wife: he first tooke certaine
of the kings men for guides, who of very luaJice guided him
through the high contry, making him fetch a great compavtc
about, by in&nydftye!<jonicvss])cnt invaine: until! such time
as one of his iiifnuiclica(.-d ooiidmcn that was bom« In Syria,
taiight him the right wiiy, Whereupon hv discharged thrav
bWDarous gHidiw, luirl h-nving tJte wrung wayn they had led
Urn, within fewe diiyts i«v<t over the river of Kuithrati.^ and
arrived in tin- dtic of Antioci), sumomed E^idapntte. Where
he liHtl CO 111 maun dement to abide 'Figranea retumc, who was
thcti in the contry of Fhenicia, where he subdued certaine cities,
and hail some other yet to conquer. Appius in the meane time
wanne secretly divers of the princes and noble men, that obeyed
this Armenian king but for fcare, by force, and against their
willcs, amongest whom was Zarbienus, king of the province
of Gordiama : and promised the aide of Lucullus also to
many the cities that sent unto him, (which hod not long
before bene subdued and brought into boudogv) to whom
neverthelcs he gave in exprcs-sc cbarge, that for tiic time
they should not once titurre, nor alter any thing. For, the
nile of these Armenians was intoUemble tn the Gnvcians,
And KiHTiaily the pride and arrogancieof th« king. Who,
by roaxon of his great prosjtiritie, was growt-n to such pride
uid pn^imiption, that what-wcver mi-n di<l wmmonly estccnie
^best, and make most recJioning.of, he would not only have it,
' and U!te it as his owne, but also tooke it that all wa.s made
for him selfe whatsoevei': and this great overwening grew,
I by reason of fortui>es speciall grace and favor towardes him.
I for at the beginning no had but very litle, and yet with
\ this litle (which few mode reckoning oQ he oonciuered many
grvat nations, nod plucked downe the power of the Parthiaos
as much as any man that over was before him. He re-
Iilenishcd the coiitry of McsopotAmla with Grcocian in-
uibituuntcs, which he brought liy force out of CiUcia and
S89
LUCULLUS
Ap|iiiM Clo-
dius, Lucullus
wivM brolhor.
Eu|>lirat«t II.
ZftrlMemu
GordimuL
TlrranM
prlne itnd
power.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LUCULLUS Cappadoda, oompellmg them to inhabite there. lie made
tlie Arabians chaunge their maner of living, who are otber-
wiae called the Scenites, as much to say, as tent dwellers,
bicAUBe they are vagaraat people that dwell in no other
houses but tcntcs, which they ever use to carie with them,
and brouf^t tliem out of tlielr natumll oontrSo, and made
them followe him, uHiiig them for his commodity in trade
of marohaundiwe. There were ever many ki>ig« in his courte:
that waited on him : but amongest others hv had fourcl
ktnges tliat waited continually on his person, as his foote-
men : for when be rode abroade any whether, they raiuie by
his stirroppe in their aliirtes. Ana when be was set in bu
chaire of state to ffere audience, they stoode on their feete
about his chaire hiding their handes together, which cotm-
tenaimce shewed the most manifest confession and tokens of
bondage that they eould do unto him : as if thev had shewed
thereby that they resigned nil their libcrtie, antl oBcrcd their
bodies unto their Lord and master, more ready to iHtfler, then
any thing to doe. NotwithHtaiiding, AiHiitu Cloditia being
notliiiig nboKhcd nor feared with ^1 this tmgicull |X)mp^i
when audience was gc-vi-n him: toldc Ling Tigranc« boldtj^
__ t<» hi.t faw, tliat he was come to carie kinfj Mitnridates away
aoto'ngniua. with him, who wa.4 due to the triumjihe of Lucultus: ana
therefore did sunimone him to deliver tliat king into hl^
haiideH, or else that he proclaimed warrea upon him aelfe,]
They that were present at this summons, knew well enough!
that 'l^granes (^though he set a good countenaunce of the
matter openly with a faintc oountcrfeate laughing) yet
hearing these wordes so boldly and gallantly spoken out of
this young mans mowth, was galled to tne quicke, and
hitte at the harte. For l^granes having reigned, (or to
say better tyrannically governed) live and twenty yeares
space, hod never heard any bold or fronckc speachc hut
tliat. Notwithstanding, he aunswemi ApniuK, that he
would not deliver Milhri<lnte* : <md if the Homanes mode
wnrres with him, that he would dt-fende him sxlCe. And
Ix'ing grcatJy offended tlmt Litcullus in his letten gave him
not the title, king of kingcsi, hut only king simply : in the
letters he wrote hncke to IaicuUuh agoine, he did not so much
800
I The MiIbw
«f ApplM
LucuUua
Ambsawdur
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
as voirchesave to call him Captsine oiiely. But vrhon Apuius
tooke his leave, he sent him goodly ricfie prcsontes which he
refused. Whereupon the king tient othent ngniiic* unto him,
of the which Appiua tooke a cuppe only, hii-Ause the king
should not thinke he refused ought of anger, or ill will: and so
sending all the rest againe unto him, made great hast to re-
tumc to his Captaine Luculius, Nowe ngranes before that
time would not once see king Mithridates his so neere kinse-
man, who by fortune of waircs had lost so puisant and great
u kingdome, but prowdly kept him under in fciinie, marri»ihc,
and unliolsome grounds, without any honor geven unto him,
as if lie had bene n very prisoner in dcvdc : nowbcit then he
sent for him honorably, and received him with great curtcsie.
When they were necre together in the kinge» ]Mtlaix>, they
talked ecL-retly one with on other, and excusing ihiin selves,
clearing all suspieiuiis conceived betw^-ne them, to the great
hiu^ of their servnuntes and fren<leK, whom they burdened
with all thoccasion of unkindnes hetwene them : amongst
which number Metrodorus Scepsian was one, a man excel-
lently well learned, eloquent ni speache, and one whome
Mitlu-idfltcs so much loved and esteemed, that they called
him the kinges father. Mithridates at tlie beginning of his
warres had sent him Ambn/isadur unto Tigraues, to pray
ayde of him against the Itomancs. At which time Tigrancs
sayd imto liim : But what sayest thou to it Metrodorus :
what advise wilt thou geve me ? Metrodorus either hicausc
he had regard unto Tigranc« profit, or else bieatue he was
loth Mithridates shoold escApe, answered him againc: As
Amha-iKsador, king, I wpuid wi.sh you should do it : but a*
a couaiellor, tliat you should not do it. Tigmnet now
reported Uiis speadie unto Mitliridat*^, not tliinking he
would have hurt Metrodorus for it, though in deede he
presently put him to death upon it Whereat Tigranes was
nortely sorie, and repented him greatly to have tolde him
eo much, although he was not altogether the occasion of his
casting away, having but only revived Mithridates cvill will
before conceived against him. For he had borne him di»-
pitwture of a long time, as appeared amongst his secret
paper* and writit^ that were taken from him, where he
881
LUCULLUa
AppSuiabttio-
f nco fmm
tnkiiifc of
giftM.
MiUiTiilnte*
Metrodorus
Snhe, and
Mth.
Amphlcrates
■n Orator o*
Athoiu, d)-ed
in king T^tk-
OM court*.
Mndaa
dty ftandiu^
ftpooTIgriB II.
A i>Utt*r too
litlotoholdea
Dolpbia in,
pKPV.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LDCVLLC3 had onlaitM.t! that Metroilorua »hould be put to tloath : but
in rccompcncc thox'of Ti^miies buried hin body honorably,
!())iiiritif! no cfist ut all uiitu thi; dt^ail Ixxty of him, whmi
livinj^ liL- IimI b<-lniyed. Thi^re dyed in kiii^ Tifrnuuit wurte
abu, an Uralor called AniphicratW, if he doerve that mm-
tioti nhould be made- of him, for the citie of Athena sake
whereof he was boi-no: for it is sayd, that when he woa
banished out of hU oontnc, he fled into the city of Seteuda,
which standeth upon the river of Tigris. When the inhaln-
tanta of the same pnued him to tettchc them the arte of
elo(|U(.-n(X in their contrie, hr woidd not vowchesavp it, but
BUiwwen'd them prowdly i Unit a |)hittt.-r wils too litle to
holde n Dulphiue in, nicjining tliat their t^itte wim too small
a thine to coiitainc it. tVum thence he went unto Cicuptttia,
Mithndttto daughter, and kino; Tigrancs wife, wliere he vnot
qtiiekely itu-ijiected and accused : so that l»e was forbidden to
n^ueiit tlie (irsecians company any more, nhiL-h ^rieveil him
so much, that he famished Iiiin selfe to <)i»th. and would t^te
no nieate. And that man was also veiy lionorablv buried
by tJie Queene Cleopatra, nere unto a place called Sepha,
as they call it in tnnt contiy. Now when LucuUus had
quieted all thin^'» in A^a, ana had cetablitbcd good lawe&
among them, he wim not oudene kIm of gotna and pieasaunt
uostimes, but while he was at leANun^ in the city of Kphesus,
lie made miuiy |i:nmrs feastefl, wresltin^-n and fence pUyes at
the shiiriK- for joy of hist vicloiy, delif^hting all tlie cities of
Atiia wito Uiein, tlie which in rvcumpence theruf did imtitutv
a M^cmne feast also in tlie honor of hint, which tlwy colled
Luctillen, and did celebrate it with, grc&i joy, shewinj; a tnie
and nu fained frendshippe and good will towardes him, which
pleased him better, and was more to his contentatkm, tlien
all tlie honor they could dcvi^; to goe him. But after that
Apnius Clodius was returned from hiii Ambussade. and had
toiae LucuUus that he must make wurrcs with Tigranes :
Lueullus went backe againe unto the rcolmo of Pontus,
where he tooke hiit Armie which he had left in gani^on, and
brought it before tlie city of Sinojw to ky «ir^ trnto it, or
rather to btsiepe certjiine Cilici«iL-> tlmt were fiottni into the
dty in tlic belialfe of Mitiiridate^ But vlicn they aawv
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Luciillus come agutut them, they slue n grcdt number of the
citizens, niul setting fire on the city, fletl their way by ni^ht
Liicullus being aifvt-rtLwti of it, entred Uic citii.', put eight
thowsande of tlie Cilidaiia to the swonl which he found
there, Rnd restored the naturnll citizen^i and iiiliabit«iites
thereof to all that was theirs. But the original! cause tJiat
made hitn to be carefull to preserve the city, was tliia vision
he had. He thought iu hia nightes dreame that one canie to
hinj, and sayd: Goe a Utle further LucuUus, for Autolycu*
conimeth, wno is desirous to speake with thee. 'ITiis dreame
awaked him, but bcins awake could not imagine what the
vision mcnt. It wna uic sclfc same day on the which he
tooke the city of Sinopc, where following the Cilicians that
escaped by flying, he found on image lying on the ground
upon the sea side, which the Cilicians would have caiied
away : but they were taken nnd followed so neere, that they
had Qo Icasure to Khii>]M.' it. Thi^ statue (as it is reportetl)
was one of the goodlu^t and notablcst workes of Stheuis the
Image gmver. And some sny that it was the image of
Autolycus who founded the city of Sinope. For Awtwycus
was one of the princt-s that went out of Thes^tlie with
Hercules to go against the Amazones, and he was the sonne
of Dfimadius. And tliey rcporte that at the retiime from
this vdvage, the shippe in the which Autolycus was itnlmrked,
with Demoleon and Phlogius, made shipjtewracke upon a
rocke on tlie coast of Cherronesus, where slie was cast away :
howbcit that he and his men scaping with all their furniture^
came to the city of Sinope, which he tooke from certaine
Syrians, who came (as tliey say) of one Syrus the sonne
of Apollo, and of the nimphe Sinoiic Asopiis daughter.
Lucullus uiidentatiding this mntt«T, called a saying of Sylla
to minde, which he wrote in bin commentaries : that nothing
is more certaine, nor that we may gew more credit unto,
tikcn that whidi if dignified to u» Irv drvamcs. In tlie meanc
aetwm he vrtu lulwrtiM-il, llmt 'Hgrani's and Mithridat«s
wete rciuly to come downe into I.ycoonia, and Cilicio, biciuLie
they migiit dnl ent<^r A.-'ia. Lucu11u-i marveled much at
T^grone* coutucU, that nithence he was minded to warre with
the Romanes, he did not we Mitliridates ayde in his warrea
3 : I)I)D 398
LDCCIXUS
Luciilliu Uk-
«th Sinop«
in PgntuK.
Lucullu*
drcomc
A statue made
by SthenU.
Autolycus
fi>uuil«rof tli«
city of Sinope.
llieSyriMU
why fo called.
SylheaBote
fiwdmmei.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LCFCUU.U3 at sttch time, aa wheii h« was in hi§ best strcncth and force ;
and that be did not then jovne his power wiOi Mithridato*.
rather then suffer him to be destroyed &nd ovcrthrowcn, and
aft«rwardB with a cold hope go now to begin a new warre,
basardins him selfc with those, that could not htrlw thma
wives. \VliiIe these thincr« paascd in tht« torte, Machara
king Mithridfttes sonnc, thitt It^t the r«alne of Boapbonu,
sent a crowne of goldi- unto LtictillilS, of th*- vraight of k
thowwndt- crownw, praying him tliat he would name him
a frcndc and conf«)cnttr of the Romanes. Whereupon
Lucullus thought he was th«n at the very last ende of
hix first warre, and leaving SomatiuH with sixe thowsand
men t<j kt«iie the realnie of Pontus, he departed with twelve
thousand fi)otemeii, and lesse then three thowsand horsemen
to go to the second warren And herein all the world oon-
demncd him, and thought it too rash and light a parte of htm
to goe with »> flmall a company to light with so many warlike
nations, and to put him selfc unto the hazard of so many
thowsandcs of horsemen, in a marvelous large contn', and m
a wondcrfull length, environned rmind about with deepe
rivers and mountiiines, covenxl with wiowe all the yeare
through: so that his ^^tuldjert, which otherwise were no
Kpeciall well traine<l men, nor oltcilient to Uii-ir Captaine,
followed with an evill will, tuid did Htuhbonily diaoliey him.
And on thother nide, the common ootm-teUefa at Rome cried
out on him continually, and openly protested before all thA
people, that o«it of one warre he liowed an other, which the
common wealth had nothing to doe withall, and that he looked
after none other thinge but still to raise newc occasions of
wam-s, to the ende he might alwayes have armies at lits
com mnun dement, and never leave the wanes, bicause he
would make him selfe great with the cost and perill of
t!>e common wealth. These crying counsi-lk-m in the end
obtained their purpoite, which was: to call home LueuUus
againc, and to .Mib»litutc Pomney in hi« piniv. But Lucullus
for all that, march<-d on with ni» armv with all Hm'. possible
spcede he cnulde, »o that Ito aune in few dayi-a unto the
nver of Euphrates, the which he found very high and rough
by reason of the winter »c«»on : whJch troubled him niArvel-
3^
MiurharM
MitliricIatM
»oiiii« urayeth
frtodskipfie
of LucuHus.
LneuUiis
Math^ainiit
TlgraoM with
■ simII com-
The quarrel-
Huge ooaawl-
l«rsMRoine,
KivjrLucullu*
proaperity.
LiMttlhla
came to the
river of
Euahratm,
ana founil it
very high, ntid
■
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
ously at that present, doubtine least it would hold him titen
a long time in finding out of boates, and making of postex
(utd planckes to build a bri<Igc to passe over hi.i army. But
towardes night the water beganne to fall a litle, and in the
night fell BO much, that the next morning the river was
eomen to her ordioaiy rtrcome : and moreover, the contrie
men them selves decerning certainc Utk- Ilandes that appeared
unto them in the middcst of the water course, and trie river
very cahne as a marrishc roundv about them, did honor
Lucuilus a5 a god, bicausc it was a thing they Iiad never
kaeene chaunce before, as though at hi" comming the river had
tsodiunly yeelded unt«j him, and was become gentle to g»-vc
him aaXe and essie {wssage. And bicause he would not loow
that oportunitie, he passed over his oniiy immediatly : and
was no sooner on thoUier ^ide, but he met with a happie
t token of good lucke, which was tliis. On tJiotlier side of th«
'river, there was a certaine number of kyne con.tecrated to
Diana I'ersica, whom the barbarous people inhabiting be-
ynnde the river of Euphrates, do reverence and honor above
all the other goddes : and these kyne they employ to none
other use, but only to sacrifice tnem unto this goddease.
'JHiey wantler all about the contry where they will, without
ny maner of tying, or shackling otherwise, having only the
larke of the goddesse, which is a lampe printt^^l upon tbeir
bodiec:, and tliey are not «Me to be taken when one would
have them, but with great a doe. One of these eon.wcrated
kyne, after that Lucullu* anny was pa>wed over Euphrates,
came to ofTer her tielfe upon a rock which tJiey KU]ijKH(e is
hallowed or dedicate unto this gnddeue, iHiwing downe her
bead, and stretching out her necke, tike those that are tyed
ahorte, sa if she had comen even of purpose to present ner
aclfe to LucuUus, to be sacrificed as she was. And besides
her, he sacrificed a bull also unto the river Euphrates, in
token of thankes for his safe passage over. Lueullus the
firrt day did nothing but encampe him selfe only, on the
other side of the river : but the next morning, and the other
dayes following, he went further into the contrj' by the way
of Sophene, htirting none that came tuid yceldea tmto him, or
that willingly received his army. For when his men would
UICULLUS
'riic rtruuDge
luid >od*Uie
full of tlie
river of
EujihratM,
from her grant
fweltini;.
DiUDll
PenicL
Kyne cotwe-
crat«(l tu
DlaaaPeiticA.
A Htmimg;e
thing of II cow
thnt cnme U>
offer her nclfK
to Lueullus to
bo Mcrificed.
The ootitrjr of
Sophong.
LUCCLLUS
"ngri* fl.
the Arrt me*-
D(inK«r that
brouxht the
iMwei of
Lncullni
•ppcMch.
Modetli Mith
AgUIWt
Lucullu*.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
have liitd him tu liftvc ttilceii a casbell bjr force, where th^
jutid KAM gn-at ntore of gold and silver: he shewed them
ntownte TnuruN a farre of, and told them it is that which wc
miut rntlier go to take. As for the thingea which be in
tluK outtell, they be kept for them tJiat vanquisbc : and
goiiiK on still with great jonieys, passed over the rirtrr of
I'^gns, and ao aitrcu the rcalmc of Armenia nith a nuune
arinie. Now for Tigrniies, the first man thiit vi-ntvired to
bring him ncwes of Luciiilus comming, tiiid no jo>- of it : for
he cut of his head for his labor. And therefore irom thence-
forth there duntt no man tay any thing unto him, tmtill such
time as ]ve vrtut at the Itut vnvimnned roiimle with fire, which
LuculhiK nntiy had raised ahotit him, before hv could heare
any thing tht-n.\>f. F(ir he was .sporting and gatiding with
his faiiiiliiirs, hearing their flattering tales, that Lucullus
in <leede were a noble Captalne, if he durst but tary
I'igranes comming downe in the citie of Ephesus only, and
hove he would straight flie out of all Asia, so soone as he
might hut heare tell of his comming against him with »o
triumphing an arinv of so many thousand men. And thus
may we sec, that liKe on all builies and braintw, arc not a likv
strong nor able to cnry much wine : so in like case all wittet
be not n»iohitc and constant, never to doe amitoc, nor to
swarvc from rcawni bnndes in great prosperity. Howbcit in
the end, MithrobarTanes, (me of 'ngrancs familian, was the
next man that eiilerf>ri.-«!(i to tell him the troth : whiioc bold-
neA liad litlv better rewani for )iU newe^ then the finit that
was beheaded. For Tigranes sent him iiimu^liatly with tliree
' thowaaitd horse, and a good number of fixttemen, commaund-
ing him that he should bring Lucullus alive unto him, and
that furthermore, he should marche upon the bellies of his men.
Now was Lucullus alreadic camped with parte of his arrov.
and the other parte comming after, when his skowtcs brougftt
him ncwcs of the harbaroiii; CaptAines approache : which at
Ute firet put liira in fcnre, that itiho enemy should come and
OKUiiU- them thus ^icattcrcd in companies, and not nuinged in
battcll, and ready to fight, he might overthrow them whiles
tliey were in disorder. And tJierefore he remained within
fortific the same, and sent Scxtihus one (
39(3
ipe
I
I
I
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Lieutenaunts, with a tiiowauul sixc hundred hone, and as
many foatemcn (or a Tvr morv) as well naked as armed :
commaunding hini to npjtrooch as nccrv to his enemy as h<>
could without fighting, only to stay him there, untill such
time as he heard newes that 'ill liis nrmy was comen togt-thvr
into his campe. Sextilius went to doe his cummnundement,
but he was compelled to Jight, (though against his will)
Mithrobananes caroe so bravely and lustvly to assayie liim.
So was the Itattell striken lK-twi>iii- them, in the which
Mithr(>bur/ane:< wajt -ttaine valliantly lighting, luid all hi.''
men either broken or killed, fewe esceptfd, that onely by
flying saved them selves. After this overthrow, 'I'igranes
forsooke his great royall citie of Tigranocerta Uiat he built
him selfe, and went to mownt Taurus, where he nsscmbled a
great number of men out of all partes. Hut Lucullus would
geve him no leasure to prepare ntm selfe, but sent Mura-nji
on the one side to cut them of by the way, and to over-
thruwe those that were assembled about him : and on the
oth:;r side Sextilius to stojipe a great company of the
Arabians that were coniming to Tigranos, whom Sextilius
set apon as they were readv to lodge, and overthrew them
in maner every man. And Murrena following king Tigranea
at the heeles, spyed an occasion tii geve the charge as. he
pasiied a long and narrow valley, in the Iwttonie wherof the
way was very ill, and sj)ecially tor an armie of such a lencth :
and taking the oportuiiity, set apon the rerewan), which
Tigranes perceiving, 6ed straight upon it, making all his
cariage to be throwen downe ui the way before the enemies
to stay them. Ilicre were a great numucr of the Armenians
dayne in this overthrow, and moe taken. Tliose thinges
lutTing this succcssc, Lucullus went to the ctty of Tigrano-
certa, the which he hcsJegeth round. In that citie were »
marvelous number of Gra-cians that had lH*ne bn>ught
thith«r by force out of Cilicia, and manv of the b«rbarouK
people abo whom they hiul used in the like forcible mnner,
aa Uiey had done Uie Ailiidx-nianis the A-tsyrians, the Gor-
diaeniatu, and the (^piiadocian.'i, uIuim* t^twiics and citien
TSgtanei had destroyed, and comm^lled them to come and
inl«ibite there: By reason whereor, this dty of llgranoccrta
3&7
LUCULLUS
Lucullus
aendetli Sox-
tllius ucminrt
MithrobM-
tan««.
Scrtiliui slue
Mithrobnr-
overtlirewe
The dt J- of'
TifiTanocertii,
bu£lt hj
TignnM.
LucuUuii
beue^c-th
TiKnmocertti
TmcJIm p«r-
•mdMh
to %ht oil))
the RomaiiM.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LITCUEXCS wtifl full of goldv umJ silver, of mcttell.t, )tUtue», tables and
CtiireA, bicaune every man (as well private, as F r in ct s and
rds) studied to please the king, to enrich and beawtifie
thiii city, with all kindea of furniture and ornamentes fit for
the same. And bcreuppou Lucullus straighted the niege as
much as h« could, perewadinK him selfe that 'Hgranes would
never sufier, that it should Tjl- taken, but (though he had
otherwise dcteraiint-d) yet for very anger would present him
battell, thereby to enforce him to raise his sieKc. And
surely he gcssod right, liad it not bene that Mithrtdates had
disHwitdcd him by vxpre«»e letteni and mestcngeni that be
idiould in no caxv hanuxi bitttell, tuid penwoded turn rather
to cut of the vittell:( on all xideN from the Romanes witJi his
honcmeii. The selfe same oouii»cll and ativisi- <lid Taxilcs
(tJie QiptAJne whom M ithridati.i< sent) geve him in lux
cAm|>e, and prayed him very earnestly, that he would not
prove tlte invincible force of the Komanea. 'I'ignmes
padentlie barkened to their reasons at the Grst. But
when the Armenians were come, and all the force of the
contiy besides, and the Gordia-nians, and that the kinges of
the Medes and of the Adialxruiana were commcn also with
all their power, and that on thoUier side there came a mar-
velous great host of the Arabians that dwell apon the sea of
Babylon, and a multitude of the Albanians from the Caspian
seOf and of the Iberians their neighbors, besides a great com-
pany of free people living without a king, tliat dwell by the
river of Anixcs, some conuning frix-lv to doc him pleasure,
other for their jK-nsioivs (ind ]ii»y which he gave them : then
was then.' now other talke neitner at his table nor in ooun-
sell, but of AMiitxxi hope of victorie, and of grvat bragges and
barbarous threatningi<«, so tlmt Taxile* wna in great (uunger
of him selfe, bicaate be was against the det«frmin«tion tAKcn
in counsell for gevine of the battell. Now waa it thought
that Mitliridfttcs dia envy the glory of king llgranea, and
therefore did tluis disswade him from battell. For which
respect Tigranes would not »o much as tary for him, and
bicause also Mithridates should have no parte of the honor
of his victotT : but went into the (ieldc with all this great
anny, vaunting amougest his Eanuliars as they reporte, that
am
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
nothing grieved him but ooe, tliat he should fight with
Lucullus alone, and not vith all the other Romane Cap-
taines. Now this bravery was not so fond, nor so farre out
of square, but that there was great likelyhoode of it when he
saw BO many sundiic nations about hiui, m> many kinges that
followed him, so many hattcllii of armed footemen, and so
many thowsande of horaemen. For he had in his army of
bowmen and sUnges onely, twenty thownnd : 6vc and fifty
thowsand horsemen, whereof Mvrnteenc thowsande men of
armes, anncd from toppe to toe, as Lucullus him 5clfc wrote
unto \h» Senate : ana a, hundred and (ifly tliowsand armed
botemon, divided by ensignen and itauatlruitti : of pyoncrs,
carpiittere, nui»ona, md nuch other kinde of handy crafles
men, to ploine wayea, to make bridges to passe over riven, to
Bto|)pe ttreames, to cut wodde, ana to make such kinde of
workes, of this sorte of people, the number of five and thirty
tliowMnd, who followed in battel) ray in the rereward of the
army, making their campe seme farre greater, and by so
much the more stronger. When 'I"igranes shewed on the
toppe of mownt Taurus, and that they might plainly see his
whole anny from the city, nnd that him selfe also might
easily decerne Lucidlus armie that besieged Tigranocerta :
the barbarous people that were within the citie were so gtad
of this sight, that they miulc wondcrfull shoMes of Joy,
and grcnt cliip]iing of himdi-s, thmitning the Romanes from
their walles, and shewing them the army of the Armeuions.
LucuUus in the mcone time sate in coun.«ell to consider what
was to be done : wherein tome were of opinion that he should
raise his siege, and gne witli his whole nmiiu undevidcd
against Tinnuics. Rut others likeil not tluit he Hliould leave
so great n number of enemies at his bockc, m-ithcr that he
stiould raise his teiege. Lucullus miule them aunswere, that
neither of them both did eounsell him well, but liotli to-
gethcr did eounscll him right Whereunpon he devidcd his
ftnnie, and left Mursena at the siege of '['igranocertA with
sixe thow.->and men : and he witli foure and twenty eotiort<4
1 (in the which were not above tenne thousand anued foote-
men) and all his horsemen, with a thowsand bow men and
ntinges or thereabouts, went towardes Tigranes, and camped
LUCt/LLUa
The prowJe
■aj-tllg of
Tignuet.
TifjaDM
u hole iirmie ;
two hiiiidrrd
tlirtx) Mon
thowMDil
men.
LuculliiB
Britiy Againrt
TigranM.
UJCULLUS
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
in a goodly bi-o&dc ficldc by the rivers side. The Ronumee
seemed but a haiidfiiU to Tigranca campc, so that for a while
Tieraaes pam^ts made but a M&y game of them to sporte
wiUiall. For some mocked them to scorne, other arewe
lottos, and played uwuy their parte of the spoj-lcs, as if tboy
bad already wonac tiic 6clde : and every one of the kingea
and Cai>tuint« amn and ofTiTed them selves to TJgnuies, and
besought him cveric m«n for him mlfe, tliat he vuuld gcvo
him tlie honor alutie to Imde thix battt-ll, and that it would
?>l<w«chim to Mtby insome placctoxeetlie )i|>ortc. Tignutcs
hvn, bicAusc he would ^hewe that he could be as pleasftunt M
the rest, upake a thina knowen to every man. If thvy come
as AmlmJisadiirs, quoa he, they are very many : but if they
come as enemies, tney be but fewe. And tliu* they pUiycd
Upon the Itomanes, and tooke their pleasure of them at tiiat
time : but the next morning by breake of day, LucuUua
brought all his men armed into the iielde, and put them in
order of battel Now the campc of the heurharous people
lay on thother side of the river towards the East, and ay
ct^imce the streatne of the river turned sodainly tovordes
the West, where there was a better ford to passe over, Wher-
fore Luculkts nmrching with hi$ army by the rivers side,
following the Ntnimio to int^ete witli some fordc, hasting to
cct over, Tigraite-s thought lie had maidipd away, and coiled
for Taxiles, and Mkvd unto him, Imighing : Doest thou see
Taxile», those gootilv Koniane legjoiis, wliom thou praiscst
to be men so invincible : Iiowe tliey Hie away now ? Taxilcs
aunswered the king a^iine: I would your good fortune (O
king) might worke some miracle this day: for doutlenc it
were a straunge thing that the Romanes should flie. THcy
are not wont to veare their brave cote.t and furniture uppon
their armor, when fcliey meane onely but to marche in the
fieldet) : neither doe tliey carie Uieir shieldes and tarvets un-
cased, nor their burganets bare on their headea, as ttiey doe
at this present, having tlirowen away their leather cases and
oovcringes. But out of doubt, this goodly furniture we see
so bright and glistering in our faces, is a manifest signe that
they intend to fight, and that they nmrchc towardes as.
Taxiles had no sooner spoken these wordes, but LucuUus in
400
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
the riew of )ib enemies, made his ensigne bearer tumc
scxlaialy that caried the first Eagle, and the lioDda toulce tlieir
places tQ psssc the river in order of battel!. Theu I'igrKtiea
aecretly comen to him sclfc, as out of dronlceiuies : cried out
alowde twise, or thrisr, Come tht-y then to us ? But then
was there no small stum- and tumult, to put sui^ a world
of people into biittvll. The king Tijjrancs him selfc undcr-
tooke Iw lettde thi- niidli- luittt'll, ffivi: Uii- left wing unto the
king of the Adijilx'iiians, and tiie Hglit unto the king of the
Aledes : in the which were the most |wrte of the complete
armed men, who made the Rnt front of (dl tbe battel!.
But <ui Lucul)u.i M'a<t ready to paxte tlie river, there were
certaine of his Captaines that came unto him, to wijth him to
take beede that lie fou^t not Uiat day, bicauae it wiu one
of thow which the lloroanes thought unfortunate, and call
them Jtri, to save, blacke : for upon one of those dayes, one
CiEpio was oTcrtnrowen tn a set battell with all his army by
the Cimbrcs. But LucuUus gare them a pretv aunswere
agninc, which is not forgotten to this day : I will make this
a happy day (snyd he) for the Itoinanes. It was the six-
teentli day of the mi>n(;lh of OcIoIkt. ^Vnd so with tliose
wordes encoruging his men, pa»«.-d over the river, and went
him M'lfe the foremmt man, and marched dircctiv towardes
hill enemy, armed witli an anima of stvele, made witL scalloppc
shellca, shiniiif; like the sttnne, and u)k>» that on arming
coate fringed round at)out, holding his sword drawen in his
hand: to let his men undemtanct, tliat they must sodiuidy
joyne with their enemies, and fight at the Kwortie-s pointc,
that were not acquainted to light but a farre of with shottc
and slingea, and that he would so quickely winne the dis-
taunce of grounde they had to inarche ere they could joyne,
that they should have no Icasure to shoote. And further-
more, percieiving that the strength of their men of arme-s
(whcrol they made so great accompt) was ranged in battell
under a hill, the toppe whereof was vwy plainc and even, and
the way up the bill not passing foure furlongcs travaill, and
not very hard nor stcetw to clime : he sent thiUier certaine
honemen of the Tliracians and Gaules which lie hod in pay,
and commaunded tltcm to gcvc a charge on the flancke to
3 : EEE 401
UICDLL08
The (irdmng
of Tiumiies
IntteU.
AM bUcke or 1
iinfnrtuuttte
dnye*.
Lucu litis
battell with
'I'igTBRBK.
LucuIIds
armor.
LVCVLLVS
IiU«ulIu«
Embous vto-
tOTMOf
TlgruM
flight.
Tlgnuiexti*-
ilMin« Ukcu
hf LucuUiut.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
dborder Uteni, and assay to cut Uicdr launcei, with their
sword«t. For all Uie atrengUi of these men of aniies coa<
Rurtvtii in tlieir lauiiccs, and they can do notliing for them
•elvefl, nor against their enemies, they are so liieavely armed
sitd loden : so as it seemeth they are locked up in their
annor, as in an iron prison. And be him selfe therewithal!
taking two ensigncs of footemcn, strove also to gaine the
toppc of the hill, his souldicrs following him hant at the
beclcs with a notable ooragc, bicausc they saw him the for-
most man travttiling a footc, and digging against the height
of the hilL Wlien he had gotten up to the toppe, he stayed
A litle in tlw higlicat place he coiild finde, and then cried
out witli a lowd voyci; : Oh toiiipiaiiionK, tlie victory is ours.
And u» lie spake th(»i- wonli-x, Ik- lcd<)e them against the«e
nie» of anneis comnuiunding them they shotila not medlu
with throwing of their dartes, but takinjr their Nwordes in
tJteir handed they nhould .ttrike at their thighe« and Ie^;eS(
bicause they liave no ottier partes of their bodies naked.
Howbeit there was no neede of sucli light, for tliey taried
not the Uomaiies, but with great crying out turned their
horse hcades imroediatly, ana ranne cowardly (them selvee
and their horecs, heavie armed as they were) through the
middcst of the bondes of their footemen, brfore they had
striken a stroke. And thus were so many thowsandes of men
broken without any stroke striken, or any man hurt, or one
dn)pp<' of blood nwnv to be spilt. But the great slaughter
was, when tJicy bcganne to flie, or (to say better) when they
thought to flie : hr they could not flie, tliev rannc so one
apoii an otlier« necke by reaiton of the [marvelous length and
Mvdth of tlieir luttells. Tigranes amongi%t the rest wasonc
of the first llmt dislodged with a mdaJI company, and Meing
his Sonne running the same fortune, flying as him M-lfe did,
tooke of Iiis diade-anie or royall liande from his head, and
gave it him weeping, commaunding him to Mivc him ^elfe ■>
well OS he could by some other way. But Uie young prince
durst not put it on his head, but gave it to one of his
trusty servauntes to keepe, who by cliaiince was taken and
brought unto Lucidlus : so that amongest the other spoyie
And pneoDers, there was taken Tigraoes diadcame. It is
I
I
GRECIANS AND ROMANES i
thought that there were ilaine at this overthrow, above a LUCULLVS
hundred thowsand footf-mcn, and very few of all the horse-
men saved. On the Romance side, there were about a
hundred hurt, and five slainc. AntiochuH tin* Philosopher
Hpi-akiiig of this battt-ll in u treatise he made of t)i^- gods,
wryteth tliat the siinne nevi-r saw the Uko overtlirowe. And
Stral>» an other Philusojihi-r in a certaine ubridgeniciit he
made of storii« sayd, that the Komaites were a-thamed, and
laughed at t})i-m m-Ivc-k that they had drnwen their Hwordeii
rniit «i)ch dfttt^irdly nlavett. And Titun livius declaretli
, that the Koniiuieii were never in any battel) with ao
small a number of fighting men, against so great a multitude
of enemies : for the conquerera were not in all the world the
twentith parte (nothing like) of those that wen? overcome.
Wherefore the oldest and beat experienced Captaines of the Lucidliui
Romanes did highly commende Luculhis, bicatise he had P™"**-
overcome two of the creatcat and most mighty Princes of Two puyuint
the world, by two sundry contrary tneancs : the one by tract '<'"l?f* over-
anil delay, and the other by spede and swiftnes. For he JJ^ J^"^
undermyncd and consumed Mithridat«.t«, by holding backc,
and delaying, at that time when all his strength was whole :
and to tiie contrary he destroyed Tignin*« with great s|K'cdc
and hftftte. And thuis did he that, whidi few Cnptaines could
ever do ; that \x, u»i.tl delay of time to execute, and valliant
expedition to winoe the vict<iry. This was the cauu- why
Mithridatca made no hast to come to tlie battel, thinking
still that LucuUus had used hiei wtoited policy, to delay and
geve backe alwaiea : and tJierefore he came by small jomeys
unto Tigranes carape. But meeting at the first with a fewe
of the Armenians tnat lied as he came on h!!% way, like men
that had bene frayed, he straight mi^trui^tcd the overthrow:
but afterwards nie^^ting greater troupes of them naked, and
»orc wounded, then he knew how the matter went. So he
went to tccke out Tigranes, whom he found alone, forsaken
of his men, and in very poore estate, yet did not he requite
Tignu)i.''( in adversity with that pride and disdaine he had
iti^d him Iiefor^' in his miserie : but lighted of his horse, to
l>ewaile with him tln-ir common mitifortunc, luid gave him all
his ofTIoert, luid tniine of a kingx court that followed him to
403
Lucullui
Woke Tiff-
miuceiia.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LCICULLU3 serve hira, comfortiDg him, ax>d exhortJng bici to plucke up
his h&rt agamc, and to be corsgious thcDceftHih. Hcrcupoo
they both Icavicd b frcsbe the whole force mid power tliey
could from all the partes of their dominioDii. In the meanc
season, therr fdl out great sedition in tJie city of Tu^ano-
certa, bctwcnc the Giwcians and the bariwrottf peopI« : for
the Gnvcianx, they would have yii'lded uj} th« townc into
Luciillus hoiKU. \V1ii.-n.-i]poii, Lucullim geving an OMAult to
the city at thut very iiutaiit, waniH^ it, and teased upon the
kings treasure there, leaviiifr all the nst to the spoile of the
aoutdiera i in tlie which, besideit all other riclies, ttiere w««
eight tliuwitand talents in ready money. And yet besides all
that, he gave of the spoile that was won apon the enemies,
eight hundred Drachmas unto every souldier. And under-
ataiidinff that there were divers mu^itians, common players,
Dunstr^ and siieh kinde of people meetc for feastes and
sporte, whom TiKrancs had sent for thither from all partea,
to dedicate the Theater be hod made in his city : be cauwd
all them to servo at the sportcB and fcastce of this victory.
After tin; solcmpnization whereof, he sent the Gneoan*
home ogitiiie lUitu their contry, and gave tlieni money to
defrays llieir duirgi.-* by fJic way, and thv barbarous |)Go»le
also that were brought thitlier by force fnim tlteir luibvc
oontries. And so it fortuned, tlmt by tite desolation wad
destruction of a city funtaken, many others were built againe,
and stored with people: bicause those cities had tlivrehy
recovered their natural! inhahitantit againe, who ever after
did love and honor Lucullua, as their hetie&tctor and founder.
All other things prospered also, according to his vertue and
meritcs. For Lueullus likoil better the praise that can>e of
bounty, of justice, and of clemcncie : then that that came by
force of marshall prowes and chevalry. For in dccdcs of
armes, be sayd his army partly deserved praise, and fortune
also caricd tJie best parte awav : but the praise of the other,
were onely due unto him sclfe. Whereoy he shewed the
valor of an excellent good man, well taught and trained up
in vertue: and no ruiped the frule of his worthy descrt«.
For by those good parti'-s he w«aiM> the hartes of the barbsr-
ous people in »uch t«ortv, that tlie kinges of the Arabians
404
Lunillua
juitice and
clamcac)'.
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
cune of eood will to put them selves and their goods into hb WCVtWS
hands. So did the nation of the Sophcnians ctlso yeld them
selves unto him. The GordieenianH in iilto miincr, thry liked
Lucullus so veil, thai they would willingly have forsaken
their cities, houses and contry, to follow him with their wiv«8
and diildrvn upon thi^ occoKion. Zarbicnus kine of these
Goniiiuuiaiu, km we have recited before, had privily entred
amity with Lueullus, by mvonra of A|>i>iu» Clodius, who could
no lettgt^r away with the tyradiiiy of 'lijjnuie*. Thi* practise
wa.s licwrayed unto Tigrane*, who put Zarhienus, hia wife, Ziirbienu*
and children to death, before the Homanea maine army K'"*^*'*'^*
came into tJie contry of Armenia. Howbeit Lueullus did ^1^',^*^*
not forget it, but passing through his realme, gave htm Ttgnata.
very royall funeral les. For having heaped up a huge pyle
of wodde, sumptuously set out with cloth of gold and
silver, and other rich spoiles of Tigranes : he him selfe
in penon, wotdd needes set it a fire, and made the funerall
■.-fiu'^ionH and accustomed ^princkHnges at biiriafies, with his
frendtv and kinst^'men, doing him this honor, as to call him
Trend and oonfedernti- of Oh- Homaiic pcoph', and appointed
alno a great summe of money bcKid«.^» to erect a sumptuous
tombe for him. For they foun<l grt-at store of gold and
silver in the kinguit autell, and there waii plenty of provi-
sion also of tliree hundreil thowsand bu^ielLn of wlteate:
the which did eiiriche his souldien inarveloiuly, and made
Lueullus to be wondered at, that havinge received not one
Drachma from the sparing cofiers at Rome, he had notwith-
standing made the warrc entertainc it selfe. About the self
same time also, the king of the Partbians sent Ambassadors
unto him to offer him his frend&Iiippe and allyance; which
L^icullii!' willingly accepted, and sent Ambassadors from him
also of avceplntioD, who made reporte to LueuUiis at their
rctume, that the king of the I'arthions stoode doubtful! how
to icM^ve which parte he ithould take, and tluit secretly he
sent unto Tigranet, to aske tlie realme of Mc»ni>utamin for
his reward to aide him against tlie Konianes. Lueullus being
truly eofofined of the kmg of I'arthiaiit double dealing, de-
termined to leave Tigranes and Mithi-idat«&, a» two enemte*
wearied and oTcroome, and a litte to prove the force and
406
LUCULUJ3
LaouUiu pre-
pantb tO|n)e
miaat tL«
ParthiAiu.
Lucullus
souldienr&ll
to mutiny.
FuUpunM,
■ndtMBjmak-
•th mutiiwuii
■ouMiers.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
power of tlic- Parthiaiis by mnking warm iipon thvm, think-
ing it great ItoRor unto him, u he might di^comJit utd
ovc-rtlirow tlircc so might)' kings oiic alW on other, like a
vttliiuit conqueror Hint hoo overcome three famous CuptAins
togeUier, ftiid hod passed through the contiics of tnrce of
the greatt^t PrinceM under the suniie^ alnnvt^ n conqueror,
and m'Ver conqiivrvil. Hereupon lie wn)t« inunedintlv unto
S«>nmtiuH luid other of his Qiptaine* which he had left to
keepe tJie realiiie of Poiitus, that tliey should rcpayrv to
him with all ajieede witli the bandea they had under tJieir
diai]ge, for that tie was determined to departs out of the
Gonfa^ of Gordiicna, to go against the P^thians : howbeit
his purpose altered bv occasion. For his Limitenauntes that
had many times before foundc their souldiers mutinous, and
rebelling at their com maun dements, knew plainly then their
cancrcd stomakcs and incorrigible disobedience. For they
could not possibly get them from thence, bv any compulsion
or pcrswusions they could use : but contrarily they crj'cd out,
urul tolde them plainly, that they wotdd no Icnger tary where
they werv. but would goe liuine to their coniry, wkI leave
the realme of Pontutt without gard or garrison at all. And
further, that wonit of all wiut, when thesi- newt's vrere brought
to Lucullux eauipe, they g«tve a full example of b»ldnc« to
his itouldierv there, to mutiny in !«uch norte, having good will
and diKiioMtion thereunto of thenwelves before For their
KTftea ueing full, and tliey aciiuointed with fin^iea, were
■oine no dull and la.iie, tnat tJiey oould etidure no paines
nor hardnes of warreit, but (li'^ired to live in all idlenes and
ease. And hearing the rcportc of their fellowes stowtenesse,
called them Itistie huldes, saying, they must needca take the
like course, and doe as they taught tnem, vaunting of their
good serx'ice of long time done, which well descT%'cd leave
nowc to departe home with safety, and thenceforth take
their rest. LucuUus bearing of this their tolke, and many
oUier their words worse, and fuller of sedition then thcee :
brake of liis enterprise against the Porthians, and went ngaine
in tile niiddcst of sommcr to meete with Tigrancs. But
when be vem come to the top of mount Taurut, it grieved
him to see the fidds so full of wheate yet utanding, which
406
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
cain« by the season of the ycare, aiid cokIn«« of the ftyer, LVCVIAXB
being BO stflckc and slowc in all thow.- partes. Nevtrtlioles,
be came downc into the vnllcy, and at two or ttirtv skirmifihes
overthrew the Armeninns, that veiitered t*» abi<ie his (humming
(iowne. And riinne over all the valley, and destroyed the
whole contry, without k-t or stoppe of any man, taking
away the pnivisioii of corm- that wai made for 'ngran«
catnpc : whcrhy he utraigliteil his enemies unto that nede
and necessity of vittells whieh him selfe feared, and yet
ceaited not to provoke them (by all other meanes) to come
to battoll. Somtime enclosing theiv camjie witli trenches
about, as if he ment to famish them : somtime ^ine de-
stroying and spoyling the whole contry before their face.
But bicause they had so ofte bene diBconilited, they woidd
no more stin-e, nor once move againrit him. Ltietillti.t
Cereciving that, in the end nttH^ hu eampe, imd went and
Lvml siege unto Artaxata, the chivfe city of the kiiigtiom
of Armenia, in the which wen* Tigranvs lawfull wivi>» and
young children, hoping that 'HgraneK would rather haxard
an oUicr battell, then utiflVT that eity to Iw Iimt. It i« sayd
tlist Hannihrtll of Carthagi- (itfler king Antioclius was over-
throweii in Imttell by Uie ItomaneK) went iinlo king Artaxen,
whom he taught many neceiisary and prolitalile things for
his realrae: and amongest others, considering that one of
the goodliest and pleasaimtest places of all his kingdom lay
wast, and no reckoning made of it, drewe a plat of a citj-,
brought the king thither, and caused it to he built and
inhabited. The king liked his devise mar\-elous well, and
f)rayi.'d him to take the charge ui>on him to see the worke
Inished. And thus was this noble and famous eity built,
and calk^ after the kings name, Artaxata: and held ever
after the reputacion of the chiefest place of tlie whrde realm«
of Armenia. 11grane« being advertisnl that Lucullus went
to lave diege thereunto, could not endure it, but went with
oU his army to follnw the Romanes, and the fourth day
came and camped hard by them : in»»much a» there wiik but
the river of Arsanias betwene them, whidi tlie HomancH of Antniu 11.
neeessitie must pa.<t!ie over to goc to Artaxata. Lucullus
bavinge first sacrificed unto the goddes, assuring liim selfe
407
I.iieullus
Iipticjttth
ArUxuU, the
chiff city of
Arnieui&.
ArtnsM kiuK
of Annenia.
Hanniball
Art4uuta.
LLXULLUS
LuculliM
«r«ler of hiit
anny.
OUi«r da rend
in tlii* place
n^aiact the
Atrop«tcn-
Un>, whi«h
are people of
Media.
Three kiaga
ranged lu
battea
Laculluimalc-
«th Tlifranu
flye a^ue.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
of the victorie, as if tic had it alt'eady in his handea : mstJe
his &nuie passe over in order of battell, putting tirdre
oohortes in the fronte, and the other behinoe, frontif* least
the enemies having a great number of mcu of armcs xnouldv
environne them 'at their backes. They had ag&inst them
also the Mardian bow men a horeu backc, and thi- Iberians
with thdr launces, in whom Tignuies trusted more thc-n in
any other, aa in the best aouldtcn he had in pay : and jtX,
fur all t]iHt they cl>d no notable service. For irnen they bad
skirnii-slinl but a litlc with tlie hor^vmen of the Kuinana,
tbey dunt nut tarie tlw legyonarit^ or fuoteband.^ that une
behinde them, but di»}K.-n>iHl tliem vehia,, sonic Hj'ing one
WAV. .toine an other, which intbed the Humane horsemen to
folluw tiie e)ia»c. But when the men of armes that were
about I'lgraneH person, sawe the horsemen so scattered
aliroade, they began strai^t to breake upon the foote-
men. Lucullus §«eing the great multitude of them, and
how passingly they were am>ed and appointed, being some-
what affray eJ thereof: sent in hast to call in his horsemen
that followed the chase, and in the meane time him selfc
murchod foremost, against tiicsc Lordea and Sutrapcs, which
were in the fronte before him with all the nobility of their
boast, wliom he put in such a feare, tluit before he could
come to han<) strokes, they all tunn-d tailu and fled. Tlicn;
wcit- throe kingcs rangu) in battell one liani by an otiier,
howb<!it of the Uiree, lie that fled most nliamefully and
cowardly, wa» Mithridates king of Pontus, who had not the
hart ao much as to abide the cries of tlie Homanes. The
chase was very long : for it continued all night untill su<ii
time as tlie Romanes were wearied with kiUing, taki^ c^
Erisoners, and packing up of all kindes of spoyles. 'Dttu
ivius saveth, that there were slainc moe men in the 6rst
battell: but greater pcnmnageB in the seconde, and the
cbiefest of the enemies weic all taken. After this battell
Lucullus hart being bigge, and fearing nothing, determined
to goc further intt> the contry, even utterly to destroy thia
baibarout king. But in tite timeof the enuinoctiall (lutumne,
S'ban the weather waxed more bitter tncn any miui would
that Mason have thought) there fell out ao 'great a cold,
408
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
that for the moat |iart Et <lid nothing but unow : and if tbe
element liiil Any tliinj; clix-n-, thvn frowe it so luird, tlmt the
horse touUi come by no w«Ut, the rivers were su extreanidy
congealed with i»e. And tlierc could no man ymsui- over
bjr forde : for they did not so MK>ne enter, but the ise brake,
and cut the vaines and linewes of the horse lejraes a sunder,
they were so hard and thicke wiltiall. And furthennore,
the oontry being full of trees, woddes and forrestea, and the
wayes very narrowe, not being able to passe by the fleldes,
they were through wet with mow that fell upon them : and
when they came to their lodging, then it was worse, for there
were they constrained to Ive in soft and moyst places. And
therefore the souldicrs had followed but few dayi-H after this
battell, but they refused to goc any further. And ftni they
sent Uieir C'ollonelh and Capbtincs to intn-Ate Luciilhis to
leave of this jomey. Afterwards Uiey g>itlitre<t togetliiT
more boldly in trowpes, and in the night time liegjuine to
munnure and groyne in their tents (whieli is a certaine signv
and token of a niutinouH armie, that hath a minde to rebell
against their Genernll) although that LucuUus used all
^atlc perawaaions to winne them with padence to abide tliis
jomey, at the least, till time they might take the citie of
Carthage in Armenia: to thcndc they might there destroy
tbe worke and memory of the greatest enemy that ever
the Bomancs hod in tnis world, meaning Ilanuiball. But
wlieu he saw all this would not prcvuile, he brought them
backe agune, and passed over mount Tatirus an other way,
and came downe into the contry culled Mygdoniit, a very
hotte and fertile soyle, when." there i!< a gn-at city, and
nuirveloii!>ly n-pluni.ined with inhaliiUiunteH: utio call it
NisibiH, tuid the Gneciaiis call it Antincli, of Mygdonia. In
that city Gouras was Governor, wlio was Tigranes owne
brother : but for experience in engines of battery, and for
sufBdencie and skill in such matters, there was Callimachus
also, he that so marvelouslv troubled LucuUua before at the
sie)^ of tlic dty of Amisus. Liicullus nladng hb campe
before this city, besieged the same by all such meanes as
might enforce It, and that so valliantly, that in very shortc
time be tookc it by anault. And as for Gounu, who stih-
a:FFF 409
LCCULLD8
The ciwitry i
Mygdonia.
Nislbia. iMU
Antiochia,
a city of
Mygdonia.
Lui^ulltintak-I
eth Nkibi*
b}- UMult
LUCULLUS
CnllimMbua
did Mt Ui«
city of AmboB
Thiilt«raci4in
of LuealluH
good foitimc.
Luculliu
oauM of all
bia mU-
funtuie.
Lu<:lllllU
fiiutU.
LueulJuB
v«rtan.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
mitted him si-lA.' to LtKulhs mereJe, )h.- was very curt«ously
intnwtcd. Btit for C^illimachus, hv would not once beare
him spvake, notwitlmbUKliii^ Uint ho promised, if they would
SRvo ni» lifv, he would U-ll Hwni of wflm full of great
trcM-stirv hidden, which no riiui knew hut him wife onely.
But Liicullat commainided them to bring him with gyyes to
receive the puniUiment he bad Justly deserved, for setting the
dty of Aniisus a lire, and taking ^m him the meaite to
shewe the Grscians his goodnesse, aJTection and liberality
towardes them. Untill this present time, it might be truely
aavd, that good fortune ever favored and foUowi'd Lucullus
in all hix enterprises and aiTayres : but from that time for-
wards, it was quickcly scene that the favorable blast of
fortune failed him, he did all his things with so great payne,
aud all that he did fell out contmie unto him, and to \cty
ill purpose. In deetle be did evt.T shew the valiancy, piaci«DC(.%
nuu great corage that stiuuld he in a valltant Gvnerall, or
Lii'uleiuuuit of lui aniiie. But hix exployU lutd (kttnges had
never after tliat *iunv grate, nor diining glory they were
wont to have: but to tite contnuy, he was like to liave lost
all that Ite liad wonne before, tltrougb the misifortunes that
fell upon him, and for tlie brawte« and vaiik- contention be
had with his people to no pur[>ose. But the worst was, tlut
they make him selfe thonly author of all these e^ills, bicause
he cotdd not, or would not entertaine the goodwill of the
multitude of his sKiuldiers : thinking that whatsoever a
Generall, or any other officer of state or calling doth to
please and content them he hath under bis charge, is to
dishonor him selfc, and to gcve cause unto his souldiers to
despife his authoHtie. But that which made motit against
him wfui tins : that he gitve tto estimocion to gi-ntlvmen, and
men of like <)UAlity to him selfe, but disdained tiiem, and
thouf^it them unworthy to be etiuall with him. For these
they say wcrv hia faulted and imperfections, but otherwise
that lie wanted tra vertues, nor natunOl gi/tcs and good
condicions tliat could l>e po«Hibly wl'Otcd for, or desired.
For he was a talte genttenuui, of goodly proKtioc, well
»]K>ken, wise ai>d discrecte, as well in matters of govcro-
metit, as in warres : and as well to perswade the people in
110
4
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
pence, us to cncoragi* liis soulilivnt in v/sun: Saliut wrytctb
of him, th«t his souldiers bt-gitn to mislike with him, even
from the first entry into tJiese wattle, bicntise he mnde them
lye out two winters toKotlKT in the fivltl, one nftor an other :
the OIK* iH'fore tlic dty of Ct^it■^li<, ami the other before the
city of AmiHUft. Ami even as mudi did the other wintert
following vexe and trouble tliem. For either Uiey lay in
their enemies contry, or el»e|if they lay in their frendes, yet
he made them campe abroade in the field, and shrowd them
Belvea in their testes : for LucuUur never entred with his
army into any city or confederate towm- of Giiece. Now if
the souldiers of them selves misliked Lucullu% the counsellera
at Home that were his enemies, and envied his prosperity and
elory, gave them yet greater occasions to mutine against
him. For they continually accused him to the people in
their orations, that he drew out this warre in length, pur-
posely bicause he would alwayes have occasion to rule, and
nioones to get, having in his hands in moner nil Cilida,
Asia, Bithynia, Pnphlugonia, Galutia, Fontus, Armenia, imd
all the provinces and regions as farrv as to the river of
PhMts : and yet he had not long before spoyled the Princely
bouMS of Tigrancs, as if he hod Ix-ne sent thither only to
sack and Kpoyle, and not to destroy imd overcome tn«<*o
kingN. And they say that it was Lucius Quintiiis, one of
the Pnetori, that >i«ike tht^e wordes. It wa.-* he also that
most moved the jK-ople to ^i^ke oi-der, that I.ucuIKik sJiimld
be called home, and other sent to »uc)ceccle him in the charge
and goveniment of the contries lie had sul>dued. By uie
aelfc same meane, it was alio ordain<>d: that divers which
.were under his charge, sliould l>e diKper>ed witli all for their
lies, and licenced to leave the warres when they thought
[good. Dut besides those and such like great causes, there
waa yet an other more daungerous plague, and that most
overthrew Lucullus proceedings, passmg all the other cvills
being put together : and that was Publius Clodius, a wicked,
licentious, and a h&rebraindc man. lie was Lucullus wives
brother, and she was so light of her body, that Clodius her
brother was accused of incontincncie with her. This C-iodiua
being at that time in Lucidlus campe, caricd not that eslima-
«1
LDCULLUS
The cause
wbr LuGuUua
■ouldler* mli-
liktid irilh
him.
Lueullua
ftnny ever Uy
«int«r nnd
stiimner.
Pha^a fl.
Publiiu
ClodiuN a
wicked mnn.
Putiliui C'tfv-
diua utiired
Up the
LncuUtu,
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LUCULUIS cton aiid credit )u- UkjukIH him mlie wurtliy o£ For he tatAe
hitii selfe equall o-iUi tlie best, anil would needes have bene
holdcD for chiefe : when in deede there were many of ferre
better desert, he being noted Iwtli for a vitious and ill dis-
posed person. Whereupon he beKanne for spight to subome
the b«iidcs called FimbrianB, aoa to stirrc thctn up agninst
LucuUus, Eowiog Bweete and plcasaunt wordcs amonKBrt
tht? suiildicrs, which being wonted thcrunto, looked stiU to
be fiattvrcti- For tJicjr wert- tliosv whom Fimbria liod pro-
cured to kill the ConKull FIaccuh, iind dioone him in hb
stevdii for their Cuptoiiie. Bv ruwun whereof they gave
good ««re to Clodius words *»<! mlk-d him s noble Captitioc,
and A lover of souldier». For when Ite spake unto them, he
made as though lie had pittied them, for that they should
never sec an end of their great paynes and warres, but
should luiiicrably oonsuroe their dayes in 6ghting con-
tinually, sometime with one nation, and sometime with
an other : and that thoy wandered through all the contriea
of the world, receiving no worthy reward of so long and
painfidl service, ser^-ing only to gard I^cuUus cartes and
camelts lodcn with pLnte and v(«vll of golde. and silver*
and other pretious stoni«. Where the «>iddicrs that had
served imder I'onipey, touke nowe their vtiM- nt honte In
their conlry with their uivts and childrvn, lutd wi;re hinded
men, dwelling in goodly faver cities, a* rich burgetes and
wealthy citixenfl: and yet tJtcy had not driven Mitliridates
and llgranes out of their kingdomea, into deaert plaeea
uDhal)ital)le, nor had destroyed tlie Princely houses ot Asia,
but only made a litle warre in Spayne against those that
were banished, and in Italic against fugitive slaves. Shalt
we then sayd he, cary hamesse on our baekes all the dayct
of our life ? Is it not better that we which are escaped
until this present, reserve our selves, our bodies and lives for
that noble C'Aptainc, who estecmcth the greatest honor and
glory he aui atchievc unto, is to make his souldiers rich that
serve under him ? LucuUus army was so sedutcd and cor>
rupled, with th(.%«- mutinous and seditious accusations, that
tlic souldicnt would no leuger follow him, neither against
Tignuii.-:^, nor against Mitliridatvs : who went presently out
«2
4
4
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
of Armenia into bia realme of I'cmtua, aod beganne to
conquer it againe, whilest the Romane touldierB inutiiung
gainst their General, remained idle in the province of
Gordia^na, excusing them selves by the winter season, and
taryine untill Poinpey or some other Captaine should
qiuckelv come to raise the siege, and succeedc Lucullus,
Notwittistanding, when they unaerstoode that Mithridatca
had averthrowcn Fabius, one of Lucullus Licutcnsunts, and
that he went against Somatius and Triarius : they were then
ashamed of them selves, and became contented bi> be led by
Lucullus. But Triarius in a bravery, when he heard that
LucuUus drew nci-rc, made hast to wtnnc tiie victory, as if
it had bene cocke sure before LucuUus came : and was him
•elfe overthn>wcii in n grt-at battvl), where tonic say there
dyed above .temt thowMuide Romanes, amongect the which
were a hundrt-d and fifty centurions, and foure and twenty
Captained or Collonelts of a thowKAud men a pecoe, and vet
besidei), Mitliridatet tooke tht'ir campe nliu). Shortly after
this overtliTow, Lucullus came thither, who hid 'IViariuH,
whom the snuldiers sought in their anger by all the meoiies
they could tit kill. Now when Lucullus was come., he
prooved sundrie meanes to procure Mithridates to battell :
out Mithridates would not once sturre abroade, bicause
he looked for Tigranes that came downe with a mighty
power. \Vhcreup|>on he determined againc to goo against
Tigranes to lignt with him, before Mithridatoi and be
juyned furcx-s together. But as he was in his jomey
towurdcs him, the Fimbrian bandcs hcgannc to rcbcll a
new, and would not follow his ensigncs, saying, and allcag-
iug of Uiein selves, that by diTrec of the people they hod
leave to deparlv, and were discharged from their othv : and
furthermore that Lucullus had no more to do to oommaund
them, considering that tho government of the provinces
which he had, was geven unto others. LuciJIus perceiving
this, did so humble him aelfe unto them, supposing tlutt
way to winne them, as there was no kinde of uncomely
bumiUty but be submitted him selfe unto it : insomuch as
he went into their tentea to pray and intreate them one
after on other, with water in his eyes, and with so gn-at
419
LL'CCLUJS
MlUiridalw
overcame
Triarius
LucuUus
Csptnine.
The Fimbrian J
souldicrs
forsoolc*
Lucullus.
Lucullus
forced to
humble him
Mir« to his
mutinous
Mul4icn.
LUCULLUS
The Fliiibriftii
Muldient&rifl
out Ui* M»n-
■ncp, upon
candicion to
di>p4irU> when
vominrr wm
(toue>
Tampa f,
Luctiltim tiic-
CMwir ill
Alia.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
lowlincssc, as wen to iJiokv huidcs with them. But they
iteroety rejected all his curtcsicw and fnyer intraiUcfi, cnst-
ing their pennylc^^^sc pttraw before him, and angrily b«d
him light with hi» ent^nit^ nionv, »iacc he hnd with the
spoilc of tliem nil wi well tiiricln.*! him i#lfe alone. Never-
tljelesse, at the i»tenc«»ioa and i?«niest m^^iH-st of otlier
KoUli<'n«, thtse Fiinbrion baad.1 were com|>fllMl to promiite:,
that Uii*)' would yet tary all that soramer, no that if no man
in the meane time ofTred them battell, at the ende of tlie
teamie, tltey might go where they would. Lucullus wax
forced to oeeept tliia condicion. or else to remaine alone, and
consequently to forsake tlic coiitrv of the barbarous people.
With much a do thus ho kept tlicni together, but in such
sorte, as he durst no more venter to compell them to come to
battel], contenting him setfc that they were willing onely to
stay with him, being forced to suffer Tignmes in the meane
time to destroy and oi'errunnc the contry of Cappadocia,
and MithridutfTf nisii to bmggc Hguno, of whom he liad
before wryttm to the Senate that he had utterly overcome
him : inwjinuch m* tlierv cnme oommissiuners and deputies
from lloiiii- by his owne procuKnient, to order the state of
tlie realnie of Pontux with him, a* of n. kingdom already
wonne to the Koniane Knipire. I)ut when th^^v were comco,
tlit'v found him not master of him itelfe, anil ttint his owne
sotildiers llowted him, and did him all the npight rmd injurj'
thev could. For they were io unnily towartles their CaptaiDe,
anu did ao much dindaine him, that when the end of the
sommer «'a£ come, they armed them selves with annor and
weapon, and drawing out tlieir swordea in mockery, challenged
their enemies to hattell which were gone out of the fieldc : and
after they had made the imysc and eryes accustomed when
thev joyncci battel, and made as though they fought, hurling
ami swuigtng tlieir swords in the ayer, they went from the
aimjK', declnring openly that their time was expired, which
tliev jiminised Lucullus to tary. On thotlicr «de Pompey
luul wrytti.'n unto the other souldicn; that were yet in campc,
to come unto him : for through the peoples favor at Rome,
the pmcti»(-ji and flatteries of the common counsellers there,
he waif substituU-cl Geuerall in Lucullus place. Which much
41i
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
misliked the Sctiitt« aiicl nnbtlity : for lbi;y Uiuught Lucullu»
greatly wrongwi to hnv« u siicccitsor neiit, not to »u«».-cdf
nini ill truubli'S and (inuiigcrK, but in honor and f^lory of
triuDiphv. And tlutt Uk^ .shiuild i-niiipi-ll bim not oncly to
reaigne up the ofiiw of a Generail to mi other, but (for tlie
good wrvioc hv long time had done) the rewonl of hi.s honor
due for tlw Miine : an<l thiit al»o more miitliked thent, that
were tJien about bnn. That ao aoone as Poinpey wa.* arrived
in Asia, ht- tooke all power and authority from Liil-uUus, to
puniahe or reward any man, for good or ill service done
to the coinmun wealth in those warres, and did moreover
prohibitc by publicke bills set up in every common place,
that they should no more rcpayre unto him, nor obey ought,
that he, or any of the ten commitisioncrs sent to dispose of
the statt' of the provinees woime by him, should eommaund
or ordaine : aiid bieaii.se Poiiiui'y eaine with a ^jrenter power
and army tlien his, he was in some feare of him. Their
fronds thought jtood neverthelesse Ihev should meete together:
uul so they did incontinently, in a villngt^' of Gnhitia, wh<rre
at their first nii-eting they saluled ecli other very ctirtcoiisly,
rejoyeiiig together of the noble victories that either had
wonne. Lueiillus whh the elder man, but I*oTti|)ey of greuter
dignity, bicause he had bene Gent-rail of the Itoniaiie people
in many witrres, and had already triuniplied twi^e. 'Ihe
bundells of roddes which the sergeaunts caried l^fore them,
were wreathed about with lawrell braunches for the vict^^iries
they had both atchieved; but Pompeys hundclls were withered
away, bicause they had comen a longe jomey through hotte
and drye contries, Lucullus officera seeing theirs withered,
curtcously gave them of theirs frcsh and new gatliercd :
which Pompeys frendcs tooke for a sigoe of good lucke. For
to say truely, the thinges that Lucullus did in the time of hi»
chaige, were cause of the honor that Poinpcy afterw&rdcs
wanne. Howbeit in tlie end for all their tnlke, they were no
whit the better frcndes: but departwl thorn? from thother
more straunge then they met. For Poinjiey by a plaine
edict, brake, revoked, anu disiiiiullwl all Luetdlus ordinniineeis
and taking from hiiu all liiit other iiouldiers, left him but
oaiy uztciie bundred to acconipwty his triuiujihe, and yet
415
LGCULLUS
lujuries ttSer'
ed LucuUua
by Pompey.
Lueuiluo
atid PompeY*
meting.
Mislikingim
betwtntfl
Pompcy Knd
LuGiillut.
LDCOLLDS
Lu«iiUiu not
Moved of kb
MiiUien.
to conquer
Asia »poa
sigktofliucul-
lua triumph e.
See tke life of
Cnmuiwbat
■uc«eMe he
hML
Lucultiu
retnnie to
Rome.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
tbey followed him with unwilling mindes; such was Luculliu
imperfection and mayme, either by nature, or frowardncs of
fortuoc, that be tacked the chiefest thing a Geoerall should
hare, which was, to be beloved of his souldiere. For if
he had attained to that perfection, auiongcst many other
his excellent vcrtuvs, and mngnttniiiiily. witivdoni, jud^-im-nt,
luid justicv : the river of Euphmtcs Ivul not Ix-iw: Hit- utter-
must coiifiiiv!* of thu Empire of Komc un Asia !»ide, but
it ha<i cxtvtNfMl a.s fiu-re a« thv sen Hyrcau«, ytui evvn uuto
thutniott iwrtc of the world. For king 'ngmnes had slreaily
conquered Uie oilier natioiM that lye beyonde that, savii^
the contrie of Fartliin, whidi Uien was not ao greftt dot
stJPOOge, &i it appeared afterwardes in Craasus time : nor ao
joynra and knit together, but (what tbmu^ civill diasen-
tions funonK<^t them at home, and forrein warns with their
neighboi-s aonmde) was so weake, that with great difficulty
they could defend them selves from the Armenians, that coo-
tJnually harried them out of their skinncs. But to take
tMngcs rightly as thcv be in deedc, mc thiukcs that LticuUua
did more hurt unto his contry by other, tlien ho did benefit
the snniu by him sclfe. For the tokrnN of triuni]ilie and
victoriiw which he watiiie in Annvniji m> nix-re unto thv
Partiiiuns the citit* of l^granoifrtA and uf Nisibi« which be
had sacked and Hi>oylcd, Xitc great Ireaxure Uiat he brou^t
to Rome, and ttie Uiadeante alfto of Tigranea, which was
shewed in triuniphe a.4 a prisoner with the reet: moved
Craasus with xuch a mnn'elous desire to passe into Asia, as if
all the barbarous people had bene nothing but an assured
spoylc, and a punxxted pray unto all those that would come
to take them, uut Cra«sus farre otherwise, finding him
selfe galled and troubled with the arrowcs of the i'arthians,
knew then by proofe, that Lucullus had not so much over-
come hia enemies for that they wantt-d skill, or were a
cowardly people, as he had done through his wtscdom and
valliaii tiles. But that shalbc scene hereafter. Furthermore,
Lucullus Ijcing now returned to Rome, found tint of all his
brother Marcus, accused by one Gntus Meinmius, for that he
had done in his office of treasorer, in Syllacs time, and by his
comnmundcmcnt, whereof he was cleared by M.'ntenoc of the
416
w
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
judges. But Miminiiiis of spight ttinivd his anger agwmt WCVLWS
LucuUua selfc, stirring up tht people iigftinst hiin, and leltLnff
theni understand tluit Lucullus hnd ki-iit Iwicke and rolibeu
much jtiirte of the treature, whith should havt- cunn.-n to the
ooininoti writlth, and that to worki^ his fL-atc- tht- better, had
prolongvii th<.»e wrarres as lit? did : wherefore he pemwaded
them Imtly to deny liim tht! honor of his triumplie. And
truely Lucullus was in great daunger to liavc lost it utterly :
but that the nohle men of the city, and they that were of
greatest auUioHty, intennedled them selves with the tribes
when they came to passe it by voyccs of the people, whom*
they intreated so much through sutc and pcrswtision, that in
the did, with much a doe, the people xunred him to enter
the city in triumphc So Lucullus niude u triiioiphiuit entry, Lucullu*
Dot terrible nor troublesome for the loiig sliewe or Night triiuaphe.
tbcnsif. nor for the multitude of thingw that he brought
thitlier with him, us many other Cnptaiues bad don<r before
him. For he causeil the sliowe piiici- (which they call Circus
Flaminius iit Rome) to tic i^i out and furnished chiefly with
armor aiid weapons of the enemies to a morveloua number:
and with tlie kingea eiigyties and inventions of battering
peeces, which was a pleasant sight to behold. And in this
show, there was a oertaiiie number of his men of armcs
bravely armed, tenne cartes of warrv annul with sythcs
that passed by, and three score of the chiefest fa-ndes and
CuptaiiR-s of the two kingrs that were led prisoners thniugh
the city. And there were also dntwen ufttT them, a hundred
and ttinne gallics all armed in tl>e pruouvx with xtning Kpurres
cf cxipper, and a sbitue of Mitliridates all of citvuie gold,
>iu ioote high, witli a rich target wt with pretious stones.
Besides all that, there were twenty cublierds as full of silver
plate as could be, and thirty cubberds full also of golden
vcMcIl, armor and coyne of gold, earied upon mens shoulders.
After them followed eight mules loden with golden beddes,
and sixe and fifty other mules that caried silver bullion, and
m hundred and seven other moyles that caried silver coyne,
■inaunting to the sumroe of two hundred three score and
tense thowaand Sestertios. Furthermore, there were bookea
of occompt caried also, wherein were particularly wfytt4.>n the
S : GGti 417
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LtJCCLLCS
Luruilus for-
nk«Ui Clodia
and MtHeth
SerrOia
MMWkMt
MCUdia.
goverament
moa wmJUw
gtaamt* of muiiy which LucuHiu had iitlWvntl Ixiforv unto
Poofty tor the warre nnimt p^mti^ oti the m», iukI unto
tbe tieanoren, und high treason, to put into the spahng
coflent of the comtnoti wealtl) at Konte. And aftwTrnrdtit tn
an aiiide by it itelfe, that he hiul ^■\'eii iiyne hundnxj luid
fitty Drachmas to every souldier by the (xille. After tbe
shewe of this triuniphe was ended, tie made n j^nendl fewtt
in the which lie feasted all the city and vitlnges thereabouts,
which the I{oii)u>ea call Vicos, And afterwardes fonoolce
hia wife Clodia for ber unchast and wanton life, and
maricd Scrvilia Catocs sister : howbett he wanne noUung 1^
th<-xchaiu]gr, for hi- sped as evill with the secoode, as be did
with the first. For, saving that she was not slaundred with
thincest (if her owne bn-tlinii, utherwiso she was as dishonest
and uitclutst a* Clodia : and yet he bare withall a while for
her brothvnt xake, but at the length gn-w weary of her, and
put her away a* he had done Clocua. Nowc when he had
filled thi; fv-nattr with a tiuirrelcMU hope and expectation of
him, (who th^m^it they liad now got one to encounter and
withatande l'oni|>e>'s tyranny, and to uphold and mjuntauw!
the autlioritv of tlie nobility and Senate agMRxt thv people^
for that by ias noble dcedea he had atdiiered so great tnot
and reputacion) he sodainly eare over all deallagn in
thaflayrcs of the common wealth : either biaiMe be aawe ft
so best, bcin^ a harv) thing now to kepe it fipom noDe : or
else (as other Mvd) for that he fdt oim selfe suttcientlT
furnished with httimr and wealth, and therefore detenntneo
fiom theoccfurth to live iiuietly all at hb ease, after ao gnat
payncs, tra^-niU-s and trouble*, tbe end whereof felt not out
over fortunnttJy. And »urely «Mne were of his nunde, and
liked thin ^fvat chaunge of his marrelouK well : btcaoK be
did aot as Marim did, neitlter happened oo tbe iU ipiiiiiii
and end tliat Marius had. For Hariaa after tbe notaUe
victories which he brought from Ae Cinbrea, and aftar Us
valliant actes in varres whidi had wmi bin givat hooor,
yet would he not so leave of^ when be mis^t fasfc b«ii
dircHiicled to his wonder^ill glt^r : but oi ao 'iPWitiaMr
niiide, aiKl ambitious desire to rule and beare sway, (being
witball a very olde man) went and sorted him seUe amoofrnt
418
1
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
young men desirous of govenunent, who brought him not LUCULLUS
only to commit many outiages, but made him sclfc alto to
su^r sreater cruelties. It la thought also that Cicero had
ended nia ngcd courac more happcly, if after he had quenched
Catilinca conspintry, he had then taken his cnso. And so
had Scipio in like cose, if when he had joyiied Numantia
tmto Corthugv, he would tlicn luive quieted turn K-Ifc. Atid
tbcrfore, Mme «ay, that tbci« vs a ccrtainc revolution and
time appointed, beyond tlie whidi no wi»v man should
roedle any more with thaflayen of the common wealth: no
more then a man whose youth and strength is gone and
decayed, ia any more fit to just, wn^atlc, or enter into audi
exerciftes of the body. But coutrarily, ('nvMus and Pompey
mocked Luculliia, uicau»e he gave nim aelfe ho much to
pleasure and pastime : as if t^ bve pleasauntly, and delicatly
did not worse become his age, then to commaund an anny,
or to govemc thaifayres of a common weale. And for ray
parte, reading Lucullus life : me thinkes that I read an
auncicnt oumedy, the beginning whcrof is tedious, and the
Utter end ioyfulL For at the beginning of his life, you
6nde notable exployts done by him in warres, and great good
government also in peace : but in the end they all turned
into feasts and banckcts, and lacking litle of nia&kcs and
mommcrii«, <launcing wtth t^rclin, and all other such
deUghtx fitte for young men. For I bring within the com- Lucullus
pMse and reckoning of his finenc* and ple/uures, his sumptu- bulldiWM
ou» huildingcs, hi* atately wallen and gidlerics, hix hotte *""*!''***"'**"
houM's and stoves, his tables and pictures, hiK stjituct oIko :
and tlie great workmanshippe and curionitie he had besides
of all other cartei by him, gotten together out of all partes
to hU infinite diargc, abusing therein the world of goodm
and treasure gotten and wonnc in the wanes, in time of hi*
chai^ and office of Gencrall, and otherwise. Insomuch,
tiiat notwithstanding cxcesse and superfluity hath ever since
increased until this present time, yet they reckon the
gardens Lttcullus made, to be the most sumptuous and Lucullus gar-
dclicatcst places that the Emperors have. And thcribre ''^•''^tr'*"*
Tubert. the Stoikc Philosopher, having scene these stately ««''"•<'*'«'•
works which lucullus had caused to be made neerc unto
419
IDCVLLUS
Ltmlliucntl-
ed Xnrxw the
^woa nuuL
X«rs«i cut
tkrouglt th«
MOUiAuDa
Atbo, and
mada ft
chiuin«U for
hi* Hhiupea to
lUtorow.
LneulliH
mtodt^Hid
cutMMein
mutMaad
lervioo.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
Naples, by the sea side, (wliere there are mountoinct cut
through, ught as day, and hanged upon vawtu) and gnat
ditches cast by force to make the sea passe and ruiiDe
through his houses, to keepe Gsbe tberon, and l»dgingeK also
that he built in the s«a it selfe: bo called Lucullus, X«rxcs
the guwDman, as if he would have sayd. Xerxn the Romaoe.
For even to did Xerxes in olde time ctuute Uic mouiitaiiie
Atho to be cut in Himdex, and a ehaiinvll to be digged there
to pawe hit shippos through. He had also many other
pleaMunt places wiUiiu the territurit-K uf Home, neere unto
I'huaculutn, where there were great larve lialles aet Upon
tarrassea to aee rounde about farre of in the day time. And
Poinpey going thither sointiuie to see him, reproved hiin
greatly, telling him that he had huilt a marvelous faycr
somroer house, but not to be dwelt in, the winter seawo.
Lueullus laughing, answered him : Doc ye thinkc me to have
lease wit and n-ason then storkva or cranes, that I can not
shift houses accordinge to the season ? An other time thcR
was a Pnctor of llomc, thut malunge playes to shcwc the
poi^c TMUtiinc, scut tmt<> Lucullus to borrow certaioe
purple oloki'jt to set furth his players: Lucndhu niade him
ounswcr, tliat he would eau.ie bin folkcn to l(K>kc if he liad
any. And the next morning detnaunding of him, how many
lie should neede : tlte otiter auniiwered, tliat a hundred would
serve his tume. Whereupon Lucullus told him againe, be
would furnish him with two hundred, if his case so iv<]uired.
And therefore the I'oet Horace wryting this storv, addeth
to a notable exclamation against mpeffluity, saying : that
men thinke that a poore house, where there is no more riches
then necessary, and where there is not more then appcareth
in sight, and that the master knoweth of. lie was a vaino
man in his ordinaric service at his horde, out only in that
his beddes when-on he fcdde, were covered with rirfi car-
petti.'s of pttr|)h\ and him sclfc served in gold and silver
veitM.'ll st-t with iirrtious stones, and that there was dauncing,
ntusivkc, iilayeK, and other such like pastimes of ordinary:
but alM> for that he was continually Mrved with all scm1«s of
6ne dainty dishes, with voices of pastry, banckcting dishes,
and frute a]ri(Ki.-<ly wrought luid prepared, which only made
«0
Grecians and ROMANEi
him to be wondered at of men of simple uadcrstaiiding LUCULLOTl
and muine condicion. Therefore was Pompey mwrvclously
esteemed, and spcciailj for a word be spake one day when
he wan sicke, und that the Phisitian had willed him to
cute of A thntshc. For when his senaunts told him they
wetv h«nl to cumc by in noinmcr, but nt Lucullux hou»e
where they brouKht them up alt the ycnre through : he
would in no wixe ttiey Khould take any of him, but t»\d u»to
lui Kiiiitian : What if LucuUiu were tiot gcvcn to gileumre :
could not Pompey live? And »o willed them to get him
some other auc\\ tninj^, as tliev might nMre easily come by.
Cato wa.4 I.uculluii frctid and kinseman both, aiia yet he so
much miiliked hii maner of living and ordinary expence:
that one day a young man making a long and tedious Oratioo
in open Senate (out of time, and to no purpose) touching
menne dyct, sobriety, and temperaunce of hte ; Cato could no
lengcr aliidc him, out rose up, and savd unto him : What,
wilt thou not Icare bablilin^ to lis all day : thou that art
riche as Cnusus, that livcst as Lticullus, and !i{H-akest as CatoeeMjHi^
Cato ? Other affirmc that thi-Sf words were siwkt-n thus, of Lucnllui. <
but that it wa« not Cato that siiakc tlK<m : tievcrtheh^sse it
18 oertMne, by the notable sayingcs they have gathered of
LuculluH, lit did not only delight to live so delicately, but
sko he gloried in it. Some wrytc that ho feasted certaine
tirawiaiiK many dayes togdhcr in his houitc, tliat were come
out of (iraect^ to Uomt-: mid that thoy lieing men brought
up witl) the sobriety and Minplicity of Gncoe, aner they had
bene feasted there dinars time*, were aihamed, and refused
to goe thither any more, being afterwards intreated to
come to Lucullus, supposing that he had made them this
great chere for their owne sakes. Lucullus hearing of it, Certalne
told them : My Lords, I pray you refuse not to come to mc **y'°K*" *'
for that. In deede I must nctdes graunt that there is some- '•"^"'""•-
what more then ordinary*, to welcome you with all : but
I tell you truly, the most parte is for Lucullus sake. An
oUier time when he supped all alone, and his men had layn)
but one bord, and pri-pnrod but n rejisonablc supper for him,
he wa.s very angry witn them, and called for his sti^arti to
know why he wna survcd so : the steward aunswrred him :
4S1
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
LUCCLLtJS Mv Lurd, bic&usL- 1 sawo you Kudc for no bodVf I thought
this supper siilIiciLiiL Wiutt, sayd he agKtnc : Knvwest not
thou thut LuculluK nhould stippc to night with him sclfti ? In
fine, LuculluH fun.* wiu coaunonly kimwcn through Rome,
that th<.-n; was no tttlkv but »f Lucullua iioblv housiiJceping.
Whi-rciipon, Cicoro and Foni]>cy being ilMirmis to tee the
proofv tn«n-<>f, cune oiit' d^y to him in tlie market plaor
seeing him itt pleeuure : (for Ciccru vtm LucuUus venr ^ood
fnixl, nmi Foni|>cy also : Mid Umugh there was some jaire
bctwene them for matten of wArreit, he did not let for that
to come unto him, and to Hpenke gently one to an other) and
Cicero afl^r he had saluted him, asked him if he would be
contented they should come and see him. Oh, sayd he, with
all my hart : I pray yon come to me. Well then, savd
Cicero, Pompey and 1 will come and auppc with you to nig^t,
witli condicion that you pro\-ide no more then your ordinary,
LuculluB told them againc, they sliould then &re but badly,
and tberfore it were better they taried till to morrow. But
they would none of thAt, no nor suffer him to spckke with
his men, for feare he sliould commautid tl>iin, to provide
somewhat n>on- then for him selfe. NeverlhelcMC, at hia
dcMire, they suffered him onely in their presence alowdc to tell
one of his men, that he would suppc tluit night in Apollo :
(for to was one of his most stately and sumpteous halles of
his house called) and witli that won) only he finely deceived
th«m l>oth, aiid thev lu'Vi-r fmmd him. Fnreverj- halle had his
orrtJiim- sumiiii- niul rate fi)ipiiiiite(t fur the charge and expence
of every !iup])er U»ey made in Uiem, and the onlinary furni-
ture and sen'ice for the same. So that when bis scr^'aunt^a
liad their watdie wnrde but in what halle he would suppp,they
knewe straight what charge he would he at for his supper,
and what orders should be observed thcrin. Now Lucullus
manner was to spende when he made any feast in the hall of
Apollo, fifty thowsand pence, and that selfe day the supper
was prepared according to that value : insomuch na l*»mney
mari'cled howc it could he possible that a su]i[>n- of so
exceeding great chai^ could be so sodoinly prcnared. Id
such thingcs therefore did Luculhis lavishly ano riotously
spend his goodcs, like spoyles in dcedc gotten of sIatcs and
4«S
[.Uflullus hsv-
iuc AWera
hsUes,bsd
anpotBt«d
every ball l>i«
oerUnrkto
wai ehugt
otiytt.
WhaX Lactil-
lus supper «»■
in ApQilo.
GRECIANS AND KOMANES
barbRrotis pcopk\ But tiiat specially which he bestowed
uppon bookcs, was very cotnnictidftblp and honest cxpence.
Etir be had gathered together a grmt number of notable
hi»tories, the use wherof was more honor to him, thtn the
hdvijig of them. For his libiniy wan ever open to all comers,
and tiiey auff'red the Gnceions to come into his goodly
tarrasses and fnyer wulktv, or otlier pIciiMiimt plaovs there-
abouts convenient to sit and n-aaoii together, Mid never shut
doie against them : whore learned men met commonly, aiid
oftentimes spent the whole day in conference together, at in
the house of the Muses, l>eing vei^ glad when other matters
were dispatched, tliev had su much teasure as but to goe
thither. And Lucullus selfe would also many times be
amongest them, in those tarrasses and pleasaunt walkea,
delighting much to tilke with them : and ne did ever heJpe
to dispatch them that hod any busines with him, and graunted
the tiling they requestwl of him. To conclude, his house was
ft common receitc for all them that c«me from Gntce to
Rome. He loved nil mancr of Phil'uophy, and refused no
sect of the snme. Hut from his youth upward, he ever loved
and wteoined best the Aowlfmieke sect, not tJiat which they
call tlie new Aciulemicke (although it thirishi-d at that time
tiiniugh ('ArneodeK wurki-s, which I'hilo made sueh entimneicm
of) but the old Acaiiemicke, whieh the Philosojiher Antiothus
of the city of Ascalon did defende and niaintaine at that
time, being an eloquent rellioritian and well spoken, whom
Lucullus sought to win by all meanes to make him his frende,
and to have him in house with him : bicause he might invey
against I'hiloea hearers and followers, whose schoUer Cicero
among the rest was, that wrote a notable booke against this
olde AcAdemicke sect. And in the same he r^^'citeth Liictdlus,
maintaining the opinion of the old Academickes : who hold,
that ft man may certainly know, lutd comprehend something,
and called that Catak>{win : hut Cicero defended the con-
trarv. The booke iK intituled Ltirulbu: for tlK-y were (as
we have rehearsed U^fore) very good frt- nde;*, ond*^ had both
one selfe desire for government in the common wealth. For
Lucullus did not so withdrawe him s<-lfe from matterit of
state, that he would do more medle at al), nor Iteure speokc
42S
LUCULLUS
Lucullus
liliruy.
Lucullu*
loved Philo-
nophifc
Antinchus of
AneaJonaD
doqufoit
TeUivritian.
Theophdeo
of th« Asft-
demicke*.
LUCULLDS
Mwtiu
CniMua, Cato,
LucuOua,
Miainat
PiKnpey.
Lncvllui and
OktoMgsiiMt
Pamp«y.
Ponper.
CrtMOB,
Caur, oon-
•ptred to-
UhcUU.
•th him
Luciiu Vm-
tiui, liou'bcit
It may be
that he WW
• Bratiaa
boniA
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
of thm : but he betines gave over all lunbition nod cootcn-
tioBt M A thine of no small dauneer, and breeding gnat
reproache and uiiihonor to Marcus Crauut, aod Goto, to be
dikfe in authority. And tbe»e two were they tliat defended
the Seoate, and whom they raised up to witluttand Potnpe^
greatnes, bciiijz afTrayed of him, a,tteT that LucuUiu had
refused the ciiiefc pliux of authority. But otherwiae,
LucuUus would Ik lu the nmrkit place at courtes and oun*
mon oounselb, to pleasure his frvndcs wbcti they requested
bitn : and would goc to the Senate- also, when there waa
occasion to brcakc any uew uractise, or to overthrowe
Pumpcys ambitious )>o]icie. tor he oTerthrewe all the
onlen and constitution!! that Fompey had nude, after he
liad overcome the kinges, Mithridatei and T^granes: aad
with tht^ hd]>e of Cato hindered a distribution of ntoDey
which Fomiiey had wrytten for to Home, to be bestowed
amongeat his snuldiers. Whereupon Toinpey fell in frend-
shippe, (or to speakc more plainly, in conspiracy) with
Crassas and Cecsar, by whose helpc and asaistaunve, ue tilled
Rome with amies and sotildiers : and made the people by
force to posse and confirnic what he would have done, after
he hod violently vxpulsed LucuUus and Cato out of the
market place. Whereat the noble men were much offended,
and misliking the great wrong they had ofired LucuUus and
Cato, Poni|)cys followers suborned a * Bruttan, and laid he
was taken lying in waite to kill PtHiipey. Wherupon the
iuiyd Hnitian being examined by the Senate, named ocrtaine :
but when be came before the people, be named Lucullus,
saying that he had hyered him to kill Pompey. Hut no man
beleved him. For they perceived openly in the inMr^et
Elace, that be was procured by them selves wisely to accuac
ucullus, and Pompe>-B other adversaries. And Uiis waa
proved more plainly within few dnycs after, when they threw
tbc body of tnis firiitinn dead in the middest of the streetc,
out of the prisone : who tht-y say dyed of him selfc with
sickenn. Iiowbeit the mai^M l>eing plainly scene of tlie
halter wherewith tliey bad ntnuigteci lum, and the stripes
appearing id»o which thev had gevcn him : did plainly shew
toat tbcy them selves dio it, whom after Uicy had attbomed
:
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
to aociue Luctillus, thv; slue in tliis maner. Thia was Uk
CMuewhy Lucullus did morv theii before nlnent bim Hclfe
baa mealii^ in pulilickv caiwcs : but tifter, when he »awe
that they hiul w> wickedly exilod ClM-m, and fouud mcane!)
also to convoy ('tit<i fam- viiou^h of, inulor tirctviu'ed colour
to sende him with cluir^ into the lie of Cyprus: tlieii he
gave up altogether. Somv tvryti; that a litle before hi*)
death, be was not perfit in bis wittea, decaying through aee
by litle aiid litle. Howbeit ('omeliuA Nepos sayth, that it
was not for age, nor rdckents, that hia wittes did alter : but
throosb poyson which <>no of hi.t slaves had gevcn him, whom
bohsd matle free, called tMIisthenes: vho gave it him, not
of any evill intent, but bicause bis master ^ouhl love him
the more, supposing that tliis poyson had power to make
him love Mm. But he troubled his wits bo much with this
poyson, that Lucullus while he lived was fainc to hnvt> bis
brother Marcus to oversee his goods. Notwithstanding this,
wht-n Ik- was dead, he was as much bcwayled and luuK-nt4.-d
of all tho people, as if he hod dyed in his best credit, and
ereetctt pnispiTity. For all the penple nuinc to honor his
mneralU, ano his oodie was coried to i\w place, by tlic young
noble inen of thvcitie. The |>co]>k- woulilv in any c«m- have
buried him within the field of Mars, rw they niwl before
buried Sylla. But bicausv no man thought of it before, and
also for that tiling" necessary wen- not easily to be pnkvjded
for the i>lace : bis brother Marcus be^ioiight the people they
would Be content hiit funeralU might be at a towne of bis
owne, neere unto tbe dty of ThuKulum, where hU tombe
was prepared, and )»e bim itelfe lived cot long time after.
For as Lucullus botii in age, and honor, had not left hini farre
behindc him : so did he not much in hia death. For as
a brother that had alwayes dearely loved him, be
could Dot then IcHig live, and survive hinL
LUCULLUS
Lncullii* fell
outof hUwita
before his
death.
CnlUslhcnc*
Eifioaod
uouUaa
whrrcof he
ilyed.
Lucullus
S:UUH
«S£
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
THE COMPARISON OF
LUCULLUS WITH CIMON
incuUus
death blessed.
decav.
O^I*HING (ill tiiv Mpiiiioii) niaulv IaicuUuk
inon- liHfipy, then to dye when lie did,
iH-forc hi- Hawe ihe chHun^ and alteracion
iif the ecnninuii wealo, which t)ie fatall
tlcHlitiieH pUifruL-d the Kmnancsi withall,
with wditiDti nnd civil] waiTv>!i: and that
he dyed in liis contry yet tnijoyine her
lil>erty, but heginning then to ful to
And in that he was likest unto Cimon alwve all
other things : who died whiltst the Grecians were in good
love ami pcact' with dthcr, and not in broyie of discorde and
dviti warres. In divdc Ciinon dyed in his campe, being
General) of his contn', at the BJcgp of the dty of Citiiun
iD Cyprus, not withdrawcn to his home, as one wearied,
living idlely, or lending a voltiptttous life in fcastcs ood
bfuifcets. making that the end and reward of his wairvs,
victorii-R and triunijihm : hut ns I'htto said, (when ho wifvlv
blamed and riprovit! OrjilKiis, wIki pn>iiiisft)i pcrpctuaL
dronkciies in thi- world to couie, fiir rcnurd of their vertuc,
that lived well in Urn life) mcrily: jVnd truely it le a
great couifort an<l enntentation of mindc, for an old man
feebled witli iigv, and <»m)>i-lled by wcakcDes, to withdraw
him Kclfv fnim tlie world, an well in mutters of govcniment
in jx'Jice, a» in warren: and <|u)i-tly to piistt- his time id
studie, where delight is joyneii with hoiK^<t con loin plati Oil.
But to iiniiih his vertuoua ile^eH, by n-lerring them to plea-
Hure, as unto their only end, and niureover, to grow old by
plemure and vanity, solemniHing Venus feast nli the rest of
nis life, after he liath made such warre«, and cumniaunded
such armieH : that me tliinkea a thing unworthy <»f an honeat
Acadcmicke, and altogether unmeete for one pnife^Kiiig olde
Xenoerutea doctrine, but Bt ratiier for a man geven over
486
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
Blto^tber to Epicurus discipline. I'here is a wonclcrTuU
tliine to be considered of in these two men, that the ones
youth was altogether villous and reproochfiill, and thothers
to the contrary, honest and vertuous. But he is the better
that chaungcth for the better: and that nature is alwayes
more commendable, in whom vice decaycth, and vcrtuc
waxeth young: then that whicli bv continuance of time
sbevetb still the contrary. And uu'thvrmorv, tlicy both
grew rich by one selfe mcunc: but they did not both a like
use their riches. For it were to no [luqiooe to compare tlie
building* ot the wall that .standetJi tumth within thv cast4;ll
of Athens, which w«.t built with tlie munev Cinion brought
thither : with the fine built cliamt>er<, and hi^i raited turrets
to gnsc u farre, and viivironncd about witJi conduits of water,
which LuculluH erected by Naples, witJi the »}ioyle« of the
barLMUOUx jX'Ople. Neither is Cimons table aUo of n>oderate
I five and (lyet, but yet open to every man, coni|>arable to
. Lucullus bonle : whidi was sumptuously fumiiJied, and
sliewed the greatnes of bis Lord. For Cimoiis bord fed
many moutheti dayly with a small charge: and Lucullus
table cxceded in expence, to feede a few, with superfluous
daintiei. Onlesse they will say, that time caused this difler-
ence lietwene them. But who can tell, if Cimou had bi-ne
at lensure to have withdrnwcn him sclfc to quiet in tigi- from
goventment, and amies., he also would not have k-dde a mure
sumptuous and dissolute life, geven to all pleasun-, then
Lucullus did? Fur of bis owne nutim; he loved wine,
baackcts, ajid play(», and was also geven to women, a» we
have told you b<-fore. But imiNperity, and fortunate succcsse
of tbinges iUk bring isuch delight tti ambitious men of nature,
and boniv to gnat enterimse.i: that they make them forget
to runne aller tlieir other voluptuous vaine desires. And
therefore l»ad Lucullus dyeil abruade in the warrea, whitest
lie commAunded armies : there tiad not beite that living man,
bow curitHU soever he had bene U> reprovi- otlier mens faultes,
tlmt could have detected him of any reproachefull vice. And
thus much for their maner of life. Now furtlierniore, touch-
ing; the state of tJieir warres : no doubt Ixitli the one and the
oUaer were excellent Captaines, an well by sea as by land.
«7
CIMON
Aire
LUCULLUS
Agoodnftto ,
tleoy VIM
■mil tuMt-
L-reose vcrtue.
CIMON
AKD
LUCULLUS
Ciinonitvo
viotoriea
obUiued in
one day.
Great iliffer-
•iieeb«tw«xt
CUnon aiuJ
LucuUus.
LIVES OF THE NOBLE
And like as in samea of prise and exercjacs oi body which
are shewed in Gnecc, they that in one sclfo day winoe the
games at wrestling, and w«t])oii8 both, are called by a
straunge customc, not ciHiqucrours only, but victors also, to
honor them withitll : even ro me thinker thjtt Ciiuon in like
caae having in one selfe day crowned Gnucv with two notable
maricM of tniimplH% for two battels be wumic, the one by
sea, and the other by lun<le, dettervetli to have K>ine phue
and preferment before other Captaiiie*. And moreovet,
Lui-iilliis receivwi the nutljoritie to oomnmund, of bi» contrv
and emnmon wealUi : but (^mnn gave hU eontry botn
authority and ability to eonimaund. LucuDuh found Ills
oontry a commaunding people to al) their frends and oon*
federati : through who&e aide he overcame hta enemies. And
Cimon contranly, found his onntry marehtng under an others
ensigne, and through his valliantncs did so behave him selfe,
that he uiodc his city goc before her confoderals, and triumpbe
over her enemies : c»mi)elling the Persians by force to geve
them the rule by sea, and pcwwading tbe Lacedfemomana
willingly to gevc place unto them by landc. Now if the
chiefcst thing that can be in an excellent Captolne, is to
uinke him sclfe to be beloved of his soiddiers, that they may
delight to obey him ; then wus LmcuUus despised of his
souldiers, anil Cimoii esteemed and woodred nt, even of the
confe<ierate» ttiein selves. For Lundlus was forsaken of his
ownv men : and Cinion wax followed by very ttmungcrs, for
the confederates did joync tojgethcr with liim. Luctillus
returned home into his eontry, forsaken of those he caried
out with him. Cimon returned againe, oommannding them
that were sent out with him to obey others : and liad at one
time done for his eontry three notable tilings, and hard for
tlicm to have compa.%ea : to wit, made peace with the eoe-
mies, geven them authority and nile of their confederats, and
joyned frendahippe with Ine L^oediemanians. Itoth of theni
undertooke to destroy gi«at Empires, and conquer all Asia.
But neither of them both could bring their enterprise to
passe. The one by reason of his death, which cut him of on
the sodaine beuig General!, and when his affayrcs prospered
best. The other can hardly be excused, that there was not
4S8
GRECIANS AND ROMANES
B great fault in him : eitlter in tliAt he couUl not, or hicause
he would not satisfie tlie compliunt^ oiid gritfeii of his men,
which caused tliem 30 mudi to hatv and mislike him. And
yet it miglit be aayd alM), tJtat in thi» fault he was like unto
C'imon : who wat oftentimes acctiiied by liis citizens, and at
the length hanished his contrie for the space of tenne yeares,
bicausc that in tenne veares space (aa I'lato ^yth) they
should no more beare bim speake. For to sav truely, it
ticldom times happeneth, that the grave wittee ot noble men
do please the multitude, neither are they acceptable unto
the common people : bicausc they strivmg continually to
reforaif thi-m when they go awry, do grieve them as much, as
NurgeouH doc their pacicnts when they bindc up their sores
with bandi.s to cure them. For though by that binding
Ukv reittorc and bring to their natural places againc the
broKen bone* or nR-mbcrs out of joynt : yet put they tlie
pacient to great paine and gricfc. And tltcrfore me thinkcs
neither the one nor tl>e other is to be blamed. Furthermore,
Lucullus went a great di-ale further with bin army, tlien ever
Cimon did. For he wa.* the first Romaiii- Captaine tJiat
passed over mount Taurus, and the river of 1'igri.i witli an
army. He tooke and burnt almost in sight of both the
kinges, the royall cities of A-tia, Tieranocerta, Cabira,
Sincme, and Nisibis. Towards the north, be went a.i farre
as the river of I%asta: towards the cast, into Media : and
southward, even to the redde sea, and imto the realmes of
Anbia, subduing all unto the Romanc Empire. And having
orerthrowen all the power of these two mighty kiiigcs, he
tookc from them all, but their persons only : who fled and
hid them selves like wild bcastcs, in infinite deserts and
impassable forrestes. Wberin is easily discerned tlie diJIer-
cnce betwixt the tloinges of the one, and of the other. For
the I*en>iftns, a^ if they had hiul no hurt nor overthrow at all
by Cimon, fonglit a battt'll immediatly after against the
Grecian*, and overthrew Uie greatest parte of their urmy
in Egypt : where Mitbridatcs and Tigmnes, after Lucullus
rictones, did never any notable act. For the ouo finding
him selfe altogether pulled downe ou bis knees, and broken
by the former bettem : dur&l never once only shew his army
CIMON
AND
LOCULLUal
Gtuvt nu^e
tratcare-
■embted by
■imilitude
uutu Kood
Surgeon*.
4
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11