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30P 16-22 June 19S3 Vol 2 No 24 ^^ 



16-22 June 19S3 Vol 2 No 24 



News Desk 



Graphics software 

Orahflm 'I aylor v.'L'MVi.'* his 
way Ihrougli a tapesiry of 
graphics programs 
including Pssl. Muiani 
Herd and Ariisi'a 
Designer. See pagu 14. 
t robot 

David Kelly liilkswJolin 
Reekie of Colne Robol ics 
about [he upsurge of 

persnnal robots. 



Sec pi 



el3. 



Spectrum moon 

Maurice Gavin presenls a 
program to show atl the 
phases of the moon's orbit 
around the eaith on page 20. 

New releasn 

All the latest games for the 
popular micros including 
Jouil from Softek. and 
Confuse the Cut from EF 
Cnmputing. See page 4S, 

CSTAR-| 
Connect 4 I 

on BBC. I 

See page 10. I 
GAME*] 



Busy time 
for tlie 
Commodore 



W WK 



Arise, Sir 
Micro-chip! 



leUK. 



the zxm. : 

lost riicenlJy the Spec- 
- fur making Ihe m' 
a household ile 

1 n. 



After leaving school a' 
he worked (or four years as 
technical journalist 
founding Sinclair Had 
1962, Thik company produced 
the Exeeulive pockel calcula- 
tor at Ihe then revolutionary 
price of £79. In the I alt IH7Us, 
hu joined tiirccs with the 
Conllnued on page 5 




Free laade a enlilss lo buy 
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Saving the world may 
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POPULAR COMPUTING WEEKLV 




Software Editor 
Gratiam Taylor jOI -839 ZS04 
Production Editor 
Lynne Constable 
Editorial Sacrelary 
Caroline Owen 
Advertisement Manager 

Dauld LaKe |01 -83d 2846| 
Advartlsemsnt Executive 
Alasia<r Macinlosh {01 -930 3'. 
Class If Jet) Executive 



le Davis |D1-a 
Administration 

TherasaLacy |01-B 



2476J 
32B6] 



Popular Computing WeBHty. 

Ho Wouse Court, 19 Whilcomb Street, 

on WCZ 7HF 
Telephone: 01-839 6835 
Piiblisned by Sunshine Publica lions Ltd, 
Typesetting, origination and printing by 
Chesham Press, Chestiam. Bucks 
Distributed by S M Distribution 
_ondon SW9. 01 -274 861 1 . Telex. 261643 
Q Sunshine Publications Ltd 1 963 






arCon 



uling Weekly se 



.^1^ 



16-22 June 1963 Vol 2 No 24 



Cammodore Sliow 

Letters 

Pac-Man champion? 

Star Game 

Connect 4 on 8BC by M Kendrick 

Street Life 

David Kelly visits Coins Robotics 
Reviews 



Ovsiseas AddrBSSBS 

26 Issues E- 

52 Issues E; 

How 10 sut>mH articles 

Adidas which are auftminsB Icr public 
i not t>e rrora Ihan 3,000 vwids long 
IS, and any accompsriying Diogi 



Popular Comparing Weekly cannot accept any 
nsibilily tor any errors in programs we 
ih, although «b will always try our best lo 




Designing an Interactive program 




Spectrum 


20 


Phases of the moor 




Draqon 


22 






BBC in education 


27 


Pan 2 ol our series on turtle graphics 




Open Forum 


29 


Five pages of your programs 




Adventure 


37 


Tony Bridges corner 




Peek and poke 


39 


Your questions answered 




New releases 


46 


Latest software programs 




Competitions 


47 



Puzzle, Top 10, Ziggural 



Arise Sir Micnachipl Clive Sinclair, the 
driving force behind the world's mosl 
prolific microcomputer company, has 
been awarded a knighthood. 

This honour reflects Sinclair's posi- 
tion as the man who, more than 
anyone else, has transformed Britain 
from a nation of shopkeepers lo a 
nation of micro users. Three years 
ago. tew peopis outside the electron- 
ics industry were familiar with either 
Sinclair or micros. Now, the Iwo are 
almost synonymous. 

'Vet, for a man who has stngle- 
mindedly devoted himself lo building up 
his own business, Sinclair's interests 
are very wide-ranging. He is an athlete 
and he has completed a number of 
marathons including the New York. 

His olher purssiils tend, not surpri- 
singly tor a chairman of Mensa, to be 
of a more intellectual nature. He is a 
keen reader of poetry and has been 
known to attend the opera. He also 
takes a more ihan passing mleresl in 
the world of publishing, both through 
his sponsorship of the Sinclair Prize 
for Fiction and his partnership In the 
Sinclair Browne publishing firm. 

Clive Sinclair has done more than 
most 10 deserve a knighthood and few 
will begrudge him the award. Howev- 
er, I suspect that to the thousands of 
Sinclair owners, both here and over- 
seas. Sir Olive will always remain 
Uncle Clive. 



the 16KSoeclrumis 

i game where you as 

ibbie blower across tl 
lexl week's Star Gan 



Subscribe to 
Popular Computing Weekly 



nd ctisqiH, Id ftJr^i'^ Oampurmg WHfr^. SutncftpHon Dept.. H 



favour of Ihe 64 anii. lo that 
the 64 now sells for only 
. with s special offer of » 
further SlOO off the price in 
pan exchange for a used Vic. 
Prices of Rom software 
were also slashed — coming 
down to only 19.95. 

Matid showed a new com- 
puter, the Aquarius 11. Witli 
20K Ram. en panda hie up to 
64K, full-ttavel keyboard. Ek- 
lendcd Basic, 16 colours and a 
resolution graphics mode 
!0 X 192 resolut 
line should be available 
the US this winter. 






show for the first lime were a 

printer and the Master Expan- 

:h CP'M com- 

palible disc drives for the 






IS II. 



Tim Hartnell reports from the CES Consumer 
Electronics Show 




i only members ot 
The actual display 
oar own Personal 



Sped rums. The TS2IMS has 
24K Ram and 16K Rom selling 
for SI49.95 and the TS2068 
has 48K Ram and ;4K Rom. 
Looking completely different 
from their UK e<)uivalent in a 
lively the TS20005 have 
iber of additional fea- 



and Joystick port. Extra . 
commantk include On-Error. 
Slick, Free (to d> 



graphics display modes wilh a 
maximum resolulion of Uli X 
192, The 600XL is seen as a 
competitor for the Vic2(l and 
TI99/4A. and will sell for S199. 
The 8ffl)XL machine; is Ihe 
same as the 6IXIXL. but with a 
built-in memotv of MK. The 
other two machines arc Ihe 
140l)XL with 64K. buili-in 
modem and four ptogramin- 
able function keys and the 
145ilXL with 64K Ram. func- 



m 



computer. Instead the cor 
pany has repackaged the 99/ 
ind cut its cost drastically 



Sound giving access to 
TS206S also features n 







speech synlhesis 
density, doubli 

Among the other product 

new 1011) cassette uni 
(S99 95), a four-colour printei 
plotter, the 1U20 (5299.95). a 
111 column dot-matrix printei 
the 1025 (S549). and a lellei 



CBS announced wha 






h 256 X 192 



^solution display mode. 
The TSl'^Od is a ZX81 
equivalent with 16K built m 









show — the Colecovision 


computers, two of which are 


Adam computer. The Adam 


aimed firmly al Ihe home com- 


comes with separate keyboard 




and processor unit, a pair of 


The 600XL is 6502-bs.scd 


joysticks, a daisy-wheel pnn- 


with 24K Rom. 16K Ram (ex- 


ter and two stringy floppy 


pandable to 64K) and a full- 


drives, all for SWH). 




TS206SindtheTS15Q0 

Both the TS2iWfi and the 
TS'IH^ ate drastiidlK altered 



POPULAnCOMPUTlNG WEEKLY 



News Desk 



Busy time for the Commodore 



Conltnued from page 1 
Soflwate far ihe M is mm 
lining thiou^ in a flood. 

hoih from Commodai 

anii from the independent 

pliE.s. 



Atari takes 
on founder 

ATARI has resolved the dis- 
founder, Nolan 



itself 



iewed by Commodore for i 




Fraol, Sitllar Waf\. Depth 
Charge. Labyrinth and Supei 
Bfitt an cassette. 

Education material was also 
strong from Commodore. Two 
impressive series of animated 
graphics programs with words 
and speech using ihc speech 
synthesiser unit were shown. 
Called The Magic Garden and 
The Magic Workshop, both 
should be available for around 
£15 on cartridge at the same 
time ns Ihe synthesiser in 



~ both scheduled for the ■ 



Expansion 
options 
for BBC 




tides inclui 






5cramWe. Krazy Kong 
Slar Trek. Supeisofl showed 
Siix, Llamasoff exhibited 
Artae* of the Mutant Camels, 
Bubble Bus showed Hostler 
and Rabbit displayed a range 
of titles including Anhilator 
and Cenrroporfs. 



. by T 



; legal actioi 



■ying 



against i 
d Ihe con 



foun 

pany lo Warner Commu 

sforSlSmin 1976,losIop 
from competing wiih ihcm 
; Popular Compuling 

Weekly. April 



new coin-operated games — 
games developed by Seme. 

Raymond Kaffer, Atari's 
chairman commented; "We 
arc pleased to have Nolan 
Bushnell back wiih us — he is 
an acknowledged innovator in 
the video game business." 

The agreement forms pari 
of a campaign by Atari to 
regain a major share of the 
video games market. "' 



Consul 



r E!ec 



Now. 



n ogrcei 



ind Bust 

arcade game company. 

Senle Technologies. Atari 

gains the video game and 

ights lo the 



Sir Micro-chip 



than I percent of the previous 



has been Androbol Inc, a bid 
to gel in first into whnl prom- 



Micr 



n 1979, h 



Ltablished his present 
pany, Sinclair Research. 

In January this year a share 
placement valued the com- 
pany at £135. 9m, with Sinc- 
lair's personal holding being 
worth £129- Im, 

Give is no* concentrating 
on the new flal-screen tv pro- 
ject, other research invesligo- 



Lynx links up 

A SELECTION of interfaces 

Camputets for the Lynx. 

The Lynn joystick interface 
pack will enable up lo two 
Atari-compatible joysticks to 
be connected. The interface 
plugs into the expansion port 
at the rear of the computer 
and also includes 









Computer 
fair 

THE Earl's Court Computer 
Fair which begins this Thurs- 
day, June 16. should offer 
much of interest. 

It seems likely that Sinclaii 
Research will demonstrate — 
although probably not sell — 
its overdue Microdrive storage 



still possibli 
or a parallel printer. The joy- 
stick interface is £14.95. 

To connect a serial RS232 
printer a lead costing £3.99 is 
required. The 96K Lynx con- 
tains the necessary software lo 
interface the RS232 printer 
but the 4HK'machine does not. 
Coniequenlly Ihe software will 
be supplied on a free cassette 
included with the lead to 4SK 
owners. 

a parallel printer 



To EC 



I for 



RS2.1; 



in the under-£)0O price range. 

Mallei will show ils 

Aquarius micro and Campu- 

ters will exhibit a 96K version 

Dragon Data will launch its 
51/4 inch disc drive system at 
the show, running a Dragon 
Data operating system. 

It is also just possible that 
Acorn could launch its long 
awaited 'Tube' interface and 
second processors for the BBC 



laehi .Vinch 
-sided discs 
storage capacity of WOK per 
side and the system costs fT' 
or £399. for either a single ■ 
double drive arrangement, 

Coniol Universal has pr 
duced Beeb-Ei. a low cc 
interface cani which plugs in 
the IMHz bus. In its simplest 
eontiguralion, up 10 four ap- 
plication cards c 
necled allowing up to IM of 
additional data storage n 

iddressed in page 



either 1 



r 12- 



Delails of both system' 
be obtained from: Advanced 
Memory Services, Woodside 
Technology Centre, G 
Lane. Appleton. Warrington, 
and Control Universal, Unit 2. 
Anderson's Court. Newnham 
Road. Cambridge. 

Dragon launch 
delayed 



The expanded machine, 
logelher with the OS9 disc 
operating system will no I now 
be available until September, 

Dragon's own discopemling 
system and 5',''-inch disc c' ' 



CHILDREN'S 
EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE 

The MICRO MASTER Series 
lor 7-13 years (any SPECTRUM) 

RESEARCHED, DESIGNED AND TESTED by teachers 
with iusl one aim — TEACtHtNG, Easy to tise — just RUN. 
THE FOUR RULES OF NUMBER. (A paokage ol tiye 



This package 




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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT SERIES |10 programs on 
each cassette). 

To develop VOCABULARY. SPELLING. CONCEPT 
ATTAINMENT, VERBAL REASONING and KNOW- 
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A complate series lailorad lo eacli age group. Used tot 
remediation and. at the highest levels, (or COt^MON 
ENTRANCE, etc. 

THE FOUR RULES PACKAGE El 1.70 

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENTCASSETTE E 7.90 

(Slate pupil's age) 
BOTH CASSETTES E14.00 

Cheques to MICRO MASTER, Oepl. PCWK 

94 Airedale Avenue, Chiswfck, 

London W4 2NN 

For further details phone 01-747 1373 

EXPERIENCED SINCLAIR/COMMODORE 
PROGRAMMERS REQUIRED IN WEST LONDON 



SPECTRUM 

Business Software 

Before you buy an Apple or a Pel try one ot our 
business programs. Our programs mean that 
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running on £500+ micros and sometimes 
costing hundreds of pounds. 
Ouf quality programs meet all accounting and 
auditing requirements including full audit trail. 
They have the speed (maximum record search 
time of two seconds), the capacity (up to 1 ,300 
entries per month) and the facilities to solve your 
book-keeping problems. 
"On a large computer system a file of this 
nature would cosi between £150 to £700. " 

Wholesalers report on our stock ledger, 

48K Sales Ledger E14.95 

48K Purchase Ledger E14.95 

48K Slock Ledger and Control £14.95 

Each including manual 



experts in business systems now bringing 
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With this powerful software realise the fuli 

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FULL OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 

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THE VARIETY PACK ^ 

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POPULAR COtilPUTIIMe WEEKLY 



LETTERS 



AccMwital 
error 



program 
I WHS wniing. I accidenlly 
■ivped the Draw siale- 
>[. To mv uHcr amaze- 
il, [he Spectrum starliMl to 
draw some triangles. lOtiiting 
Ihcm uriil a solid block of 
colour wos produced. 

The following sin programs 
draw a variety of different 



Howevvr. Ihf law is i 
murky where compii 
riKhl b concerned. 



far permtssian 

your personal use only). 
Please lei us know the i 
of your enquiries. 

Pao^an 



|H-ogram (for compi 



David Oaodnian 

4b Mdwimd Hkux 

Warncv Market 

London El 20X 

Out Of 

roach 

Could you please explain 
the position as regards the 
continuing debate on copy- 
right with reference to the 
forthcoming leleleit receiver 
for the BBC computer. 

ihe cost of this receiver 
has now risen lo over £200, I 
feel thai it is out of the reach 
osl private users, How- 
I am quite prepared to 
ibutc my share with four 
friends lo get a lelelext receiv- 
er belween us. 

Unfortunately, the copy- 
rigbl notice in Rem (Ihe tele- 
software newsletter on Ceefax 
700) only permits two copies 
of any program lo be made. 
While not wishing m infringe 

hiis my friends and 1 from 
;ing the service as we would 



: Jelly Monsters. Tl 

rid Pac-M^iil cham- 
is there someone out 



21 Chcriwn Field 

FulKood 

Preston 

mcashire PR2 JWH 



Not 
roprooontaHvo 

Tjas anyone else noticed? lis 
XTchangedl The Top 10 

It was with great regret that 1 
saw that you have followed the 
example scl by the other com- 
puter magazines and used the 
chart compiled by W H Smith 
& Son Ltd. Since Smiths only 
Slock a narrow and very li- 
mited range of Spectrum prog- 
rams, their figures can patent- 
ly not be re present ill ivc of the 
number of programs sold for 
the Spectrum over Ihe country 



Obvic 



s difficult to 



isly i 
ohiam a really accurate assess- 
ment of which programs ate 

but using a chart produced by 
a chain slore is not the best 
way. It is interesting lo note 
that the last figures shown 
produced hy the Buffer Micro 
shop in London (19-25 May) 

lionship to ihosc shown the 
following week produced by 
W H Smith. A close examina- 
tion will reveal thai only two 
of Ihe programs in the Buffer 
Micro Top 1(1 



^d by Smi 



iufluen 



Due lolhecha 
the effect of using i 
duced by Smiths 
them overwhelming power m 
relation lo buying programs 



friim ^Tiy soflivare companv. 
In short, it enables them to 

proportion of the selling price 
of any program. I wonder how 
many of your readers know 
that this is typically 60 pcrceni 
or more (one of the real 
(or Ihe high price of 
T software). In addi- 
Smiths also provide very 









Such a situation is extremely 
damaging and unhealthy lo the 
industry as a whole. It pro- 
vides no opportunity to the 
smaller software houses that 
often produce the best prog- 
rams. A magazine such as 
yours should be bringing these 
to people's attention. 

Perhaps the best way of 
compiling a fair and repre- 

eiample set by the music 
charts. Select a number of 
specialist compiilcT- stores that 
stock a large range of software 
"for the Spiclrum and collate 

yourselves. U would he desir- 
able to keep the actual shops 
chosen a secret, and lo only 
use figures from some of them 
every week. Such a system 
would itself 1 



. For i 



if the 



large volume of sales made 
through mail order. Neverthe- 
less, il would be infinitely pfe- 

ehange and improve the way 
the Top 10 Spectrum chart is 
compiled (and the charts for 
the other computers as well. 
(orihaimatlerj.LefsseePTW 
be the magazine to lead Ihe 
way and make the changes, 

David Hughei 
^ Beechwood Mounl 
Barley 
Leeds LS4 2NO 
Unrortunaldy, the polnl yuu 
make about Ihe Smiths chnri 
being unrcpresenlaltve aliii ap- 
plies ID the BulTer Micro chart, 
as 11 does lo any chart compiled 



actively louking s 



ce. We 1 



Inlbrmed nf our progress- 

Ofltha 
martiot 

1 cellent magazine for aln 



t the s< 



nt headlini 



. 1 Ihini 



companies 
have a valid poml about ii 
encouraging lape copying, anc 
yet in the classified pages ol 
the same magazine there wert 

programs such as 'The Key'. 
In the words of the manufac- 
turer, Keysoft: "First of all you 
have 10 back-up programs by 
making tape-to-tape c 
Now Keysoft present The 
Key'." 

Quite obviously. 99 percent 
of programs sold of this ki""" 
will be liought solely to ma 
copies of software . Ihusbre: 
ing the copyright acts. T 
only warning given lo purchas- 
ers in this particular case w~ 
that "Keysoft advise people 
not to infringe the copyright 
acts." What clsi 
ing to do with il' 

I believe ihal these prog- 
rams pose just as much of a 
threat as Ihe Buy 'n Try 
scheme and I personally think 
that steps should be taken to 
attempt lo take them off the 

PS, Thanks for Foxbal and 
Space Panic, both of which 
were excel lent, 

Andrew RaMer 

39 Cramond Terrace 

Edinburgh EH4 6PW 

This Is cleariy ai 

needs lo be aired. Once again. 



' falb tl 






clear guidelines. 

We would be interested to 
know whal our readers Ihink 



Hour of 



Please allow me to appeal to 
the readers of Popular 
Computing Weelr/yfor helpin 
my hour of need. 1 badly need 
a program (Vic20) for select- 
ing r items from n. I have 
needed such a program for a 



i of 



ae|. 



e possi 



set up a column in your paper 
where the likes of me ca 
for help? 

JPMensink 

98 Aeomb Crescent 

Ne HTa.s ile-upon- Tvne 

NEJ 2RD 



Sinclair ZX Speci 




The growing range of Spectrum Software 



% 


k 


Mi^ 


tjBapSBMiWBBBM 



You'll know already that the 
Spectrum has generated an 
enormous range of peripherals 
and independent software. Our 
own range is growing very fast 
and is shown in the Sinclair 
Software Catalogue-free with 
every ZX Spectrum, 



POPULAR COMPUTING W 



r 



um-news! 



16Kno\A/ 

/nQQ-95 

^^^0^0 Previously £125. 

48Know 
£129 




95 



At last, a 16K colour computer 
with graphics for under £100! 

Why have we done it? 

Partly because the sheer 
volume of Spectrums sold (over 
300,000 so far) has brought 
down unit production costs. 

And partly, of course, 
because we liope you'll buy a 
Sinclair computer- and not 
some competitor's promise! 
Vite've all heard about colour 
computers breaking the £100 
barrier Here's the computer 
that's done it, A colour computer 
with advanced graphics that's 
fully supported, and widely 
available. 

Right now, you can ordera 
Sinclair Spectrum at these 
prices direct from Sinclair on 
the order form below. And to 
make it even easier to handle 
high-level computing at the 



Previously £175. 



lowest possible price, we've 
cut the cost of the printer, too. 
At £39.95, it's almost 
unbelievable! 

At prices like these, there's 
really no reason to wait. 



r." 



ZXPrinternow 

£j>S7.SrD Previously 1159.95 

How to order yourZX Spectrum 

Access, Barclaycard orTnjstcard holders 
- call O1-Z00020O 24 hours a day, every 
day. By FREEPOST - use the coupon 
below Please allow up to 28 days for 
delivery 14-Oay money-Oackoption 

5inc=lair- 
ZX Spectrum 

Sinclair Research Ltd.. Stanhope Road, 
Camberley. Surrey, GU15 3PS. 
Tri: 0276 685311, f.i.q no 1135105 



sLJ 



Conneef 4 

A new game for the BBC by M Kendrick 



This program Is a computerised varsior varticailyordiagonaliy.Theboardtilisfn 
of the game Connect A. It is wnllBn on a the bottom upwards, 
model B BBC micro, but can be used on a The controls are as tollows: 
moflel A by modifying the mode/colour 
commands. The object of tha game is to 
form a Irne of A counters honiontally, 



Us^ng this program or a colour tv pro- 
duces an unusual effect with one of the 
user-defined characters. ■ 




POPULAR COMPUTIMG WEEKLY 



l6-£;jUNE19e3 




Better books from 

Sunshine 




Renumber (handles Golos and 
Go subs) educallon, accounts, 
games and scores of esse nils I 
routines. Put yourSpeclrum to v 
with what must De the most 

iprehenslve Speclrurr 

' 248PPES.0S- 



ThoWorWnQ 

Commodore 
64 




Dragon 32 t^von^ 



This computer has capabilities lar 
computers In this 
this collection of 
programs and routines Dawld 



'p"=r SUNSHINE--- 

□ TneWorl.lnfl I 1 TlwWoftilnB I ITheWorkl 
SpKtrum CommodoraU DraosnSS 

aiCS.gSfach I I al£595eacn I IsiFSSSea 



lo Sunatiini BvMk t9 



POPULAR COMPUTING WEEKLY 



street Life Street Life Street Life Street Life Street Life Street Life 



Arms and the man! 

David Kelly talks to John Reekie about a new high 
technology industry- robotics 



number ol 



Healhkit/Zeniih costs around E1,5O0, and 
Is aboul IB incFiBS lall wilh a single 
gripping arm, Healhkil are now selling 

lund 140 robols a month. 

Tnpo' Is a E630 robol produced by a 

company called Androbol. The man be- 

■ Vndrobol is Nolan Bushnall — lound- 



1 big boom industry 


after mlcrocompu- 


ars mill be personal r 




Imagine a raOu 


controlled. selt- 


iropBlled robol. abou 




ind lis way about, re 


T'^^^Wh^^"'k'd'' 


1 will answer the front 


door and bring back 


he evening paper. C 


maybe il will do a 




s lounge 




Not at all. We have. 


as Ihey say. me te 


hnology The only 


problem is price — 






1 tens of thousands 







bend, pick up ai 












ArmdroiO I's are now being manufac- 
tured at a rale of about 50 a week, Over 
2,000 have been delivered — 90 percent 
overseas. The Armdroid I will interface 
lo most home micros — ZXB1. Spectrum, 
Vic20. Pet, BBC, Rful 380Z, Apple 
and Tandy — and is available with enlen- 
sive software back-up. 

Since Ihe Armdroid 1. Colne has pro- 
duced two other products — the Zeakar 
mIcrtJ -turtle and the Colvis computer vision 
system. 

Zeaker is a small iwo-wheeled device, 
driven frcru the compuler, with sensors 



the future is perhaps Johns mosi ambi- 
tious project — a low-cost personal robol. 
It is a wheeled, stepper-molor driven, four 
loot high device with a carrying plallorm, 
one five-aids arm and a moveable head. It 
will be radio-controlled Irom any home 
micro and be capable of voice recognlion 
and generation, infra-red sensing ot peo- 
ple and ultra-sonic sensing ol distance. Its 
own on-board microprocessor will give 11 
some intelligence, but Ihe learning control 
will come from the compuler. 

"Designed tor the home market — your 
own personal robot — il will build up in a 

"You will Stan off with the basic device 
— the wheeled platform with power supply 
controlled by radio from your home com- 
puter— tor about CI 50. Then you will be 
able to add eifra facilities with a rack that 
will take a range ol standard printed -circuit 



Obsolete humans? 



d lights 



Ih market. 









trail. Vet it costs only E79. 
now a range ol software lo go 
I it Is easily programmable in 
e turtle's language. Again Ihs 

from any of Ihe popular home 



e added on all the 



average / 



Is by th 















ts ZAQO ar 



A mechanical claw . . . 



s Colne Robotics, based i 



machines are the lirst sig 

let — it is going to b 

industry." says Colne s 

Reekie. 

John set up Ihe comf 

designing medics 

Unusually, John I 



nalyst. "I greatly regretted 

ill that time talking investment rubbish, so 

changed and taught myself electronics. " 

The aim of the new company is to 

develop a range of equipment which per- 



nected 

by Colne sends information to 

ter. which can be programmed lu miiiri 

recognise objects and shapes. 

In September, Colne Robotics 
launch its fourth product — Armdroid 
a heavy-duty version ol Armdroid I. for 
mainly in industry. 
2kg lift and will cost around E3,000 
a tenih of the cost of the competition. 

John sees its great potential as a sal 
tile robot for larger robots: "Imagine — 
big robot on a car assembly line offering 
car wheels on to cars really requires 
satellite 



le compL- 



of a 



"With a etSO starling price peopl( 
be able to afford it, whereas they might not 
if they had to buy the whole thing straight 

Exciting indeed, 
why Colne should not follow Ihn^ugh. The 
company has recently received subs' 
financial backing from Prulech - 
same high-technology investment 
pany that backs Dragon Data. Says John: 
"Thiny-five percent ot our capital ' 
by Prutech and we expect lo develop very 
quickly from now on. We have jusl set i. " " 
sub-division in Florida, manulacturing 
Armdroid I tor the US market." 

will the Colne 
Personal Robot be capable ol locating 

■ging itself from an electric power 



applied lo microcomputers. "Once a per- 
son has achieved a degree ot computer 
literacy," explains John, "one ol the first 

their control outside ol the computer " 

There is another reason why 
chose n^botlcs. Products which ii 






iciphne ■ 



_ _ open to rapid competi 
Japan and the far east "With Colne we 
are combining expertise in se 
— mechanical engineering, 
hanjware and electronic software — and 

foreign competition at bay. The 

The first product designed 
lured by Colne Robotics was 
September 1981. II is alow- 




REVIEW 

Graphically illustrated! 

Graham Taylor looks at some of the graphics software 
available for home micros 

Btht 

queslion tut 

Righlly ar wrongly, graphi 
the most important fealuies aHecting 
in Ihe home computer market. Bui, what has grown! 
dothepopLlar micros have looHer — how In fact, I 
do Ihey compare? And, given that you've doubles Lhe 




bought Ihe damn Ihing, whal can you gsl 


character/ line display You can print on 










Whatever ils strengths — and mere are 


PrinI? which works enaclly like PnnKa- but 


Wacky Wailsrs is one example, but 


many o( them — lhe Dragon 32 is nol 


has 1224 posilions. 


perhaps the most impressive game I've 




Perhaps more impressive still is Pnnl% 


seen graphically on the Vic is Mutant HarO 


ner. lhe various modes make it far from 


— this command allows you to place an B 


— one ot Thorn Efill's range Ol cartridges. 


simple to mm high resolulion and texl. 


X 8 bit sprite in any one ol 491 52 positions. 




Nevertheless, il can be done and, if you 


A total of 221 sprites can Be defined and 


beams lo guide your mutant slayer into the 


want lo prove il for yourself, take a look al 






Salamander's Graphics System or Winter- 


The catlfidge comes with nine interna- 


ing the mutants away from the pulsaling 


soft's Art'si Designer. 


tional character sets, including Danish and 


powerhouse. Assuming you manage that 




Japanese. It uses the high resolution 


bit, then you must guide your slayer down 


presents you with a help page which lists 


screen area on the Dragon, which leaves 


into the burrows lo destroy the 15 mutant 


the various commands available. You can 


you with 20,000 bytes for programs. 


eggs and their Queen, avoiding the falling 


then choose the mode (or drawing and, 
within lhe restrictions of thai mode, the 






Its demise has been 


The game ilselt is great fun and Ihe 


colour combinalion 


predicted 




A flashing target can be moved around 
Ihe screen, using a Joystick. When the 


lululani Queen, is lively and entenammg. 
The message. H you like, is this — il is 


Although ils demise has been predicled 


position IS right, pressing a key will draw a 


for irunths. the Vic2D is sUll selling welt and 


rarely the hardware that makes quality 



lodo SI 






nodore 64 drops in price. 

Early Vic garres all tended to have very 
'chunky" low resolution, graphics. Admit- 
»jmelhlng by Paul Klee in my case), you ladty it is possible to buy the super 
may want Id claim authorship. By pressing expander, which offers very good high 
T you can move a box cursor using the resolution graphics, bultinly a low percen- 
' ' ic owners have actually done so 



joystick to place texl on Ih 


screen in any 


of Ihe four arrow direclioi 








II IS great fun to play 


about with the 


various modes and see h 


w your design 



graphics impossible, it is more often the 
quality of the programming. Most deficien- 
cies can be overcome by ludicious pn:i- 
gramming. 

II hardly needs me lo point out that the 
ZX81 has a number of failings in respecl of 
its graphics — no colour is one. but lack of 

doubi that we'll ever see anyone 



changes under each or 



Icommand, which paints in your shape, 
"his tended lo be a lillle unreliable and 

furlaling lo people using 
the program "seriously" lo create a piclure 
rather ihan merely playing around. 

less, I would recommend Ihe 

package lo anyone with a Dragon as very 

good value for money. 

Wintersofl's Artist Designer offers very 

milar features, including the text facililies. 

general, I would rate il just as good 

"" Salamander package and in 



fact 1 1 

command My only 



le youfsei 

Al E2S.30 




POPULAR COMPUTIMG WEEKLY 



REVIEW 




I i 



a screen ol 256 « 192 squares. 

For practical purposes, Ihis rrieans (h 
the program gives addressable grapfiics 
256l192resolution. Intacl. iheZXBI lii 



Convulsions of an 
unpleasant kind 



. and SI 



,s tiy calling m 






till in that segment's i 



approBohing arcade style i;olour and de- 
tail, would always be lacking, and the eady 
games did lend to have a "chunkyness" 
about them. However, it soon became 
clear Ihal surptising Ihings could be 



moved a 
problems at ! 



appeared Horace 
maledly around th 
apparent colour res 

Otfier atlempts suffered rrom iii 
so thai spaceships, etc, appeared 

unpleasant kind as lliey moved aero 

With Arcadia and now Ah d/d 
Imagine reduced the ilicker to a shi 
But, my vole for 'eesl graphic ac 
ment in a Spectrum game' goes 1< 
from Ultimate Play the Game 



unsaien. it will prosper and eventually 

Maybe Pss( represents the most that 
can be achieved with the hardware — I 
don't know — but it illustrates wonderfully 
the "point" If you like of this article. With 
Ingenuity even serious defects in hard- 

Ihe precise details ol a new computer will 
mailer less and less to the potential buyer, 
while the quality ol its software will become 
even more important. ■ 



s Poked. Nonetheless, il is a most 
ingenious program that is highly recom- 
mended. There are surprisingly lew editor' 
designer type packages for the Spectrum, 
perhaps because the free Horizons ces- 

an artist sketchpad program. 

The Spectrum is perhaps the best en- 
ample of software avercotiing Ifia de- 
ficiencies of hardware 

*s the advertisements say, the Spec- 
ti has high resolution, higher in tad 
n (he Dragon, and you can freely min 
t and graphics in even the simplest 
Basic program. What they don't say is that 
IS colour resolution is considerably lower 
nd each of the 21 by 31 squares can only 
support two colours. 






SaiBinander Soflwa 
27 Oilchllng Rise 
Bnghlon 
East Sussei 



UlIimHte Play the Garrte 
The Green 
Ashtjy da la Zouch 



Thorn EMI VlOei 
Lordon tiVC2 



Dragon 32 £25.30 





VIC 
16KRAMRI^K 

£2a!» 

Including YManJ RBita^ and PcKking. 

PL£ASE SEND ME MamB ,_ __- 



I Tick lor turthsr Information 

D VIC 20 PRODUCTS 



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price TOTAl I enclou Ch«|U& P/0 1« I 

■ D COMMOOORE 64 rn |t28.95| I I gg """'' "»'-" ""'''"■•■ • 

16 POPULAHCOMPDTINGWEEKLY 



I 



PROGRAMMING 



What's on the menu? 



Bob Skinner looks at the 
problems involved in designing 
an interactive program 



al ini/ariaBly rr 



11 you w 



)ol lowed by the 
program. For example, conlinue witn Ihe 
■ process, exit from the cu'tent 
or ship to another section. Such a 
decision poin' 



Following the flow of control in Ihis 
example, nole that the program will ignore 
any key press otfier than " 
5 inclusive. Once the ol 
has been executed (ie, a Relurn s 

too, from where < 



I of tl 



snti. The 
s A'-S in 






-ding tc 



which case the On. . . Gosub sli 
be ignored and line 100 will terminate Ihe 
program. Nolice the use o( On. . .Gosubio 
avoid 100 many If. . .Then slatemenls to 



We warn 10 prompt the 
numbers (WI and W5), Ih 


user lo enter Iwo 
n lo choose from 








she wishes to 
Oers. Let us us 


be applie 


i'^ions:' ""■"' 


FUNCTION DESCRIPTION 


11 (N1 + N2) 


(N1 + U 


1 - SQUARE OF 


SUM 






11) (M . Nil 


-(- (NZ . 




SQUARES 






ill) (N1 . Nil ' 


|N2 . N2 


- PRODUCT OF 








K-1 (N1 . N3| / 


gi +N2) 




RATIO 







equenlly a good idea to present a 
menu lowarOs the beginning ot a 
program, from which Ihe user may selecl a 



a flowchart representing 



to replace Ihe prompts in lines 40, 50, 60 
and 70 with the descriptions given in the 
table and insert a line to gel the user's two 



A "tree" diagram of.Figure t would It 
something ill 
clearly the "Top-Down Structured Prog- 
ramming" approach lo program design 
{Popular Compuling Weeitly. 5-t t May). I 
tact, this is how all pnigram design s ' ' 

start, with a general i 

parts o( the program. 
Each section can then be detailed, first by 
flowcharting, then by coding into the Ian- 
red This allows a modular 
approach wherein ( 
spBcitiBd function, is given certain values 
called, perloi . , . , 



as strings, rail 


er than numbers. ' 


lis is to 


prevent the in: 


rpreter breaking ii 






ike fledo from starfahouK 




lon-numeric chafaclers. 




le tou 


subroutines. Essentially, what we 






>e relevant subro 


Ine th! 


variables W( 


and NS (which 


s done 


auiomatically) 


and lo get an ai 


swer (i 


number) back. 


Thai is, each subroutine wil 




SELL, EXCHANGE or BUY 

SOFTWARE 

the 

COMPUTERHOUSE 

WAY 

By becoming a member of COMPUTERHOUSE 
and entering your unwanted software on the 
COIVIPUTERHOUSE lists (whicti are circulated to 
all members) you get the opportunity to sell or buy 
software at 80% of its original cost. Alternatively as 
a member you can simply exchange at no extra cost 
to yourself other than postage. 

MEMBERSHIP ONLY £12.95 per annum 

For further detaiJs of membership and other benefits 
send large SAE to: 

COMPUTERHOUSE (Dept. PCWK) 

Freepost 

ILFORD, ESSEX IG1 2BR 

NAME ^ 

ADDRESS 



POPULAR COMPUTING WEEKLY 



PROGRAMMING 



n check (line 520) ir 



89 At = INKEVSlIF Si«:>CHRI(32J ^^ 

Una 104 prims the name o( the sl 
autine Ihal has [ust been completed, il 
i a jseful programming lechnigue Whi 
an greatly aid debjgging programs. 

PuHing these modules logethsr gives 
TB complete program, which should tea 
le tidied up by renumbering. 






12 PRINT "ENrER TIB NUMBERS' 
14 ]ll>UTNlt:Nl ^ ViU.mil) 
It INPUT N2*!N2 = VAL(N2*I 

leas 

21 PRINT *HA!N tCNLl" 

3« PRINT 

41 PRINT '1... SQUARE OF Sl*l" 

51 PRINT "2...StWCf SWIRES' 

bt PRINT 'S-.-PflODUCT OF SOUARES" 

7» PRINT -4. ..PRODUCT-SUM RATIO' 

8t PRINT -S-.-END" 

71 AJ=INKEYiiA=VAL(fl*) 

81 IFA<1 0flA>5THBI GOTO 71 

91 (W A G0SU6 2Hi3Hi4Ht5M 

m IF A=5 THEN CLS: END 

112 PRINT "NUIfflERSHERE "SNl!" MID ' 



211 c»="seu«ff ff sun" 

211 R MNl t- N2) * (Nl + N2) 
23* RETURN 

31* C1="SU« Of SOUARES" 

311 R= (Nl tNll * m*tQi 

32* RETURN 

41* C»="PROIWCT OF SftlAfiES" 
411 R= (Nl itNl) » (N2*tC) 
42* RHURN 

5« CI = "PRODUCI-Slfl RATIO- 
SI* TV = Nl + N2 
52* IF TV M TrtN R : » 
53* IF TV M T1€NWT0 55» 
54* R = (Nl * N21 / TV 
55* RETURN 



ANIROG SOFTWARE 



KRAZY KONG 3D TIME TREK 



SOFTWARE WRITERS 



16-22 JUNE 1983 




SflfiP^ 



SPECTRUM 



Over the moon! 

show all the phases 



Maurice Gavin presents a program 
of the moon's orbit around the earth 

TliB moon IS our nearest neigtibour in ihi 

space and ils influence has been in- ol 
grained upon us (lom aniiquily, Wilness 

lliB woids "Monday, monlli" and even ihi 

"lunacy", at 

For many, a siiveiy lull moon riding high of 

in winlar, or a golden crescent in the to 

lusk, is a splendid sight, or 



changes Ihrough- 
splil display showing 



Drawn fifsl [t 40] where Pi = a 
line [L 70. 801- The latter is 
'acidly by the Spectrum. 

The program accurately 
shortening etteci f 
approaches the limb a 

Once Run, a compi 
I. The progr 



the 









Our r 






se ol the waxing and waning 
■cribed via the conditional Prinf 
n lines 25, 26 and 27, The 
ir edge "nearest" lo the sun is 



display. The ei 

on line 210 automatically remns the f 

ram rt a day < or > 28 is entered! 





Phase-dsy £4- 



/r 



K\ 




Pha3«-d.iy ae 




it:[\) Those with ZX printers may copy IHe screen display with 
PaiisebBtweandisptaysl, Copy. Convnue 
(31 The display may be speeded-up tiy holding any 



Break (during 



POPUI_AR COMPUTING WEEKLY 



SPECTRUM 









TTT 




5 


MK' 


;ii?=L=v=;.!si? 


: LET J = 
LET Z=B 







to 2S dayssma 


inioop 




e 

7 


REM 


D=0 TO as 








d 


3« Earth 


& Mo 


on orbi f- 


G 


""s 


CLS 
REM 




CIRCLE G 


H^J^ 


CIRCLE 




d 


*JB l-Won 


n or 


bit 



3& PRINT 



27 PRItJT Cuiaxing-sui 
D<a*] +(•■ waning -sunset 
: PRINT -terminatof ■■ 

SB PRINT RT ii,aa;"e. 
xe.i "Moon -3 orbi t" 

29 PRINT RT Sl.,Sj "SU! 



RND' CD=» or D=20) 
RN 



RND D> 

rth-'; RT 



IB LET P=PX; LET fl= lD-7> ^1* tP 
11 LET C = G<-JtrCOS ft; LET E=H+tJi 
IN R^ CIRCLE C.e,S 



. IF D>14 THEN LET P=-P 
I PLOT <Jj IB: DftRU 0,J*a.,l 
. REM 



rfraM Earth 


3 Shadow 


15 rOR N=.5 TO la 
DRRU a,M~9*N: PLOT 
0,.M-9*n; next N 


PLOT e+N^H: 
e-N,H: DRfiU 


'■^ "^^^ ^ascribe M 


30fi'3 phase 



80 PLOT J.. lO: DRHW I 



PI^lSB«-Blt3S) 



sa print "Moon ' s Phase -day ". 

S3 PRINT FLASH 1; ("NetH" AND 
OR D = a6J ) +■ CI* t'' RHD D=7) 

St" HMD D=2H*(" ouartaf -' 

=■7 DR D=21) ) +-("FOl L" RHD L _. 
"Crescent" RND (DJO RND Di7 OR 
>ai RND DOBJ ) t-<"Oi bbous" RND t 



RND 



es 

ill 


IF Z=l THEN GO TO 
PBUSE sea: NEXT D 
INPUT "Sel«et daw 


see 

LET Z»l 

■';c> 


"" r7"5<7;-;;"5; 


goto 1 


aiB 


GO TO (D.--=0 RND D 


=38) *S 


"^" save £. aytoru 









DEPT PC WK, 9 TWEED CLOSE, SWINDON, WILTS 
SN2 3PU Tel: 10793) 724317 T,.de en,»,i.s w.iram. 

Expon Orders: Please add CI ,00 per tape airmail 




nrnRFi 



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ZX81 I16K) 

•ALL MACHINE CODE 

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FROGGY 

ZX81 (16K1 

•MOVING CARS, 

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•ALL ARCADE 

FEATURES 
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CODE 
ONLY E5.95 INC. P&P 



^ZX Spectrum'^ 

^Q^ FROGGY 16K or 48K ^ 



ONLVCG.96INC. PEtP 




DRAGON 

Command performance! 

Keith and Steven Brain present the Pic-man 's guide to 
graphic commands 

The Dragon 32 uses Microsoft EKtended allows you to Include this dlslocllon. but 

Color Basic, which tealtires a wery nolo thai this must be the fotirlh para- 

versatile set of hi-resolution graphics corr- rrieter. 

mands. But, white these commands are It is very easy to torget that the system 

veiy poweilut they can be somewhat can only lell which is the fourth Item If 11 can 

overpowering lo the novice. already see three other parameters — 

In an effort to explain more clearly Ihe therefore you musl now also include the 

syntax and application ol the Dragon third parameter (colour). Although we have 

graphics commands, we have therefore actually pul the number 1 in to set Ihe 

Bnllsled Ihe help of our friend the Pic-man. colour to white, Ihe computer will also 

Perhaps we should explain that he Is quite recognise a comma on its own as Ihe 

unlike his abbreviated relative Pi-men, in detault value, so either of the following 

Bial he is definitely not an automaton and lines has Ihe same effect. In this program 

certainly has no political aspirations we have deliberately Included all Ihe actual 
(hence his appearance in glo- 
ddus black and white). And. 
unlike Pac-man, 



■y:. 



of ghosts or Insatiable appetite 
lor power pills. Instead, he has 
deliberately been constrjcted 



graphics commands si 



possible resolution 
therefore add lots ol 
Screen 1,0 gives us 
black background: 



;; the X and 1 



co-ordinates ol 
the diameter □< Ihe circle, so 
thai will do nicely for a pair ol 
small round eyes. Remember 
that co-ordinates are always 
epecilied on a 256 x 192 grid, 
no matter which Pnrade you are 






planning a dt 
can use graph paper 
plotting sheets. Qui a tnai ana 
error approach on the screen is 
often quicker where there Is a 
lot of tine detail lo squeeze in. 
There is no need to specify 
anything else as the default 
values (values automatically 
used by the Dragon if you don't 
set any others) will give you a 
full round circle In the fore- 
ground colour: 



Heads are not actually round 
but rather egg-shaped (espe- 
cially if you are a mlcro- 
manlac). so tor that we need lo 
form a veriically-dEStorted 
ellipse with Circle. It is the 
height/width {HWi ratio which 



/^\ 



ratio is greater Ihar 
vertical rather than 
3a cincLE;s£.sei.s.i.i.s 

30 CIRCLE (as .501 .a.. I 5 

A further feature of Circle is the ability to 
form only certain arcs of Ihe whole circle, 
using parameters five and six to set the 
start and finish. Pic-man is smiling, so his 
mouth is the bottom hall of a circle which Is 
only drawn from (threa o'clock) lo .5 
(nine o'clock): 

?0 CIRCLt(a3.56;,3,1.1,0,.6 

The simplest sort of Line just goes from 
one point to another, as in the nose, and 
Psef rather Ihan Presef means that while 
(the foreground colour) Is used: 

Although his ears may look positively 
princely, they are rather too small to lomi 
with arcle. so they are simply 
tioxes lormed by specifying Ihe 
top left and bollom right corners 
and adding B to the end of the 
Line command. The neck Is 
made the same way: 



P I C-M fl N 



PI I 



-11 R N 



P I C-ri fl I 



p I c-n fl N 



61 - (71.19 



M LINE(9a,ie 



add the round-shouldered look 
by a combination of all tho 
previous Circle ideas to give Ihe 
top hall of a horizonlatly- 
dislorled ellipse: 



body, but Drawis more vi 
as a whole series of li 

Drawn at the same time 
Ihe lop half of Ihe body: 



(SA>f), to set the starting posi- 
tion, and make sure you follow 
the instructions round to see 
which way they go. II Is bast to 
try to plan your route carefully, 
so Ihal 11 is as compact as 
possible. You must also always 
remember thai the nexl Dm*i 
command will normally 
Irom the last point Drawn. 

ago (as long as you don' 
Run). So. 11 things start going 
haywire In your programs, 
back and check what wai 
last thing Drawn'. 

Draw can be used to r 
any sort ol design and II is 



high-re 



lolutlon screen. The k 
Continued on page 3 



POPULAR COMPUTING WEEKLY 



THARGON J—i 

COMPUTATIONS ■= 

SPECTRUM 
SOFTWARE 



THARGON COMPUTATIONS 
10 Fleet Road, London NWS 



/aitable SI local bianchas of Metyolean 



am 



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FOR THE 

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1 10 4 players — 9 speed'skill levels — Joyslick Control — 

Pause ConlFol ^ Arcade style aoiion and sound — 

Wormlube fias Rainbow certiticallon seal and *bs 

reviewed in March 83 Rainbow as a well-conceived game 

with graal graphics and strong sound atfacls 

£8.00 



HORNET SOFTWARE LTD 

10 BUCKINGHAM'S WAY, SHARNFORD 

LEICS, LEIO 3PX. TEL: 0455 272037 



MORE GAMES TO BE RELEASED SOON 



TRADE ENQUIRIES WELCOME 
GOOD ROYALTIES PAID FOR DRAGON M/C 



At last! A joystick that works! 

Cambridge Computing bring you the first intelligent Joystick. 

■n Works on all existing software - regardless of which 

^Hr^iv ''^Vs the program uses. No need for specially written 

^^^r-'f^K 'iK software. Features include: 

L " ^ •Compatible with: 

j-^ 'Wk. \ Spectrum, 2X81, Jupiter Ace 

»2 Fire buttons 
• 8 Directions 
,1^ ^^ - •Plugs into edge connector 

^2> \ •Joystickand lnterface£26.00 

\ Address 

. _..) send me jovsticki ® £26.00 for tha 

SpBcliumD ZXBiD JjpiterAceD 
Chequm and P.O.s made payable to: 
CambridgeCompuling. 
1 Benson Street, Cambridge CB4 3QJ. 
Dealer enquiries welcome please ring C P Lloyd on 
nbrldge (02231 52290B 

^JUNE19B3 




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DRAGON 



irs forming Ihe lille Pic-man are Dran/n in 
lis way (for more deiails o( this technique 
see Dragon 33 Games Masiai); 



PJC-man obviously favours Doc Marlon's 
as tiis boots are quite maasive lop halves 
of C/fc/es with thick soles formed by boxes 
Rffedwith the foreground colour: 



Tom 



■n iook m 



Painted in his Irousers. Paini will 
witti the first specified colour 
reaches the seconO specified colou 
ain user difllculties are making si 
)t the right oo-ordinates and Iha 
a no holes through which Painl ce 
Try altering the co-ordinates in lii 
atch what happens: 



positions, we ] 
sandwiching it 



We are afraid that Pic-man is really 
rather pompous and has taken to wearing 
the bow-lie defined in fiS. Notice that this 
is Drawn from the centre using some of the 
diagonal commands (Fand G) and that 11 
is deliberately asymmetrical. 

A relative blank move is used to sepa- 
rate the final short slnpe from the rest of 
Ihe picture. This has the advantage Ihat 
you do not have to calculate the actual 
position, but only the displacement from 



DtS( 



■n point 
start Drawing a design fri 



3t usually b: 



directions and at ten different Increasing 
scales. The sound is included to slow 



Of course, pride always comes belore a 
fall and that rotating tie looks very danger- 
ous, so it is hardly surprising that H 
eventually explodes. Explosions are very 
frequent features of computer programs, 
so this Is a very general routine. A series of 
expanding concentric Circles are drawn by 
using the variable 'X' to set the diameter — 
a sound is integrated with each expansion 
of the circle. Play is used instead of Sound, 
as it allows the use of a much shorter 
duration If tempo (7) and note-length (i.) 
are set to their highest values (255): 



Draw aiways acts or . 
string can also be definec 
used repeatedly. As we h 



string, but this 
lave (irst been 



or W. Normally each 
Id continues from where 
e Drawn ended, but if you put A 



e parameter 'S sets the size c 
the string Drawn, the angle parameter V 
allows you to change the direction c 
Drawing by 90 degree steps and the coloi, 
parameter 'C allows you to change th' 
colour of Drawing. You can use a variabl 
to change any of these, provided th 



51/$. All these ideas hi 



string w 



Once it has passed its peak, the expio 


sion dies away 


as the Circles are now 




order by Slep- 1. So tha 


only Pic-mans 


:)ots and a few fragments 


remain. Notice 


lat integration of graphic; 


and sound Is r 


□re complete here as J 


also vanes the 


oiume and tempo of th( 


Play command: 






1STEP-I.CIRCLE(S!,M), 


X.B^PLAY-lJSS 





FULL LISTING FOR PIC-MflH' 

10 PMOOE 4.1 -SCREEN IjS^PCLS 
20 DRFlWeniSe. 10eS8U6R3FDGL3EH+S 
+ 3P2LUi=LP'^BM-»-5 ■+-(5HU4EP'^FHL£Gt>4F 



17 



I LIHE';83.1:3£>--<93.134>..PS£T.B 



I ieF''E^D6BM+4. 
-K''UisCF4DU6S4" 
■11-1 



EBri+ 
aU5EP^F[ "^1 i'='L41 
J IPCLE "^i 

4J LIPlLE 4 

U LIP LE 4 4 
LIHE '^ > 

LIF LE 
LIHE i 

M LIME 
1 LlHf 
llJ IF LS 
1 3 tPRU Et1c4 
I JP t,i4PbU''8 
1 J DPhW BM 9 C idP*U^0P4D2eR3U 
■30 

140 CIRCLEC76,132>-5.1.1..^., 1 
I'jS C1RCLE08.132>,5.1.1..5.1 
liSl5 LINE';71,. 132>-<Sl.l:34>.PSET..E 



i P ET.B 

^ F ET.,e 

F ET..B 
I 1 .5-1 

C F ll-'iP D20R20 



1S0 PFlIHT':?4.iaG>.l.l 

ise H*="ND5R2HD5ft2HD5R2H['5" 

200 DRflW"EM64.100XHt." 

210 DRFIW"BM94. 180XH*j" 

220 fiit:="EM82.69F3U6G6U6F3EM-H.+Q 

R2"-S^4 

230 DRflWS"+STR*CS) 

240 FOR H=-0 TO 3'DRnW"FI"+STR*aO 

5;:0 FOR 11=1 TO STEP-1^DRFIN"C"+ 

260 S0UHD255,. 1 NEXT M.H 

270 S^S+1 IF S<10 THEH 230 

2S0 FOR M=l TO 59 STEP 2CIRCLE< 

82.69>.K.l^PLfiY"T2S5L255CD"^NEXT 

298 for x=59 to 1 step-1 'circle-; 
82.69>>x.0^plry"l255v"+str*<iht< 
;'V2>h"T"+str*';x*4>+"dc"'HE>;t x 

300 I«=IHKEYt-IF I*-"" THEN 300 



DRAGON SOFTWARE 
all machine code 




POPULAR COTIPUTING WEEKLY 



BBC & EDUCATION 



Teaching turtle . . . 

Boris Allan completes his two-part series on turtle graphics 



le writing at graphics 
;hirg ol malhamaLical 



graphics roulines can be used lo produce 
useful eflecls in laaching 

The firsi ol Ihe procedures, ie. Proc- 
spiral, has iwo parameters. The routine 
Oraws spirals, where each side gals Inc 
bigger a 



10 Ihe Id 



of primi 



c change. 



ar pQrIion. After each 
turtle lums through A degrees to 
oduca ramarkebly different effects. 
Try Procspiral (60. 1) and a hexagon 
]||<^ up lo fill the screen, while Procspiral a tnn im-ua 
(60,2i results In a hexagonalish shape that depending 
claariy a spiral. Procspiral (61,2) produces s 
produces an eflacl which looks remarkably "heart") (* 
like a spiral rush mat. looping cui 

Trying lo explain why changing the minus valui 
angle by one degree (from 60 lo 61) ellershape 



divisibility. 60 goes into 360 exactly, 
wtiereas the prims number 61 does nol 
(and all prime numbers greater ihan five 
are divisible into 360, but most non-prime 
numbers are divisible into 360 or some low 
multiple: 360 = 2' x 3' x 5). A great deal 
ot fun can tie had predicting what the spiral 
will look like; eg. Is the 'inner' spiral going 
lo appear to be clockwise or counter- 
clockwise? 

The next procedure Procsinfn also pro- 
vides fun, but it's probably more applicable 
at Ihe secondary level — variants can 
easily be produced lo help in the teaching 
of polar geometry. What is actually plotted 






The parameter Size sets the size o 
plot, and the parameter Factor co 
ponds lo K (and values can be enterei 
eg, '/j). Find out what happens when Cos 
is exchanged for Sin, and more complex 

The Ihree final procedures are use 
lo produce Kasner snowf lakes (se 
le Imaginalion, by E. 
id J Newman, p.296-302). The 
only drawing is perlonned in Prockasner. 
when the order of the curve [Oder) has 
reached zero, otherwise a recursive call l! 
made to Procrecurslve which actually ther 
calls Prockasner. ProcsryowB sels IN 
scene by defining the order [Oder) and lh( 
size ol each little step iinc). 

What happens with the procedure i< 
seen by running the program for different 
orders (0 and upwards). The snowflake 
and similar curves (see Kasner and f 



I the ci 



; held to have an infi 
perimeter, but a finite area. Kasner 
Newman suggest investigating the "£ 
snowflake" where in Procrecursive 
angles are A - 60 and A + 60 (and n< 
+ 60. A - 60). The recursive technique 
can also be used for olfwr purposes. 




WBEH 

StOREn 

,2B200EF PROCSPIRAL! A, INC) 

2530 LOCAL I 

2540PR0CCENTRE;: REPEAT 

2550PR0CTURN(fl)! FROCMOUEC 1,1 )S1 = I-HNC 
iZS&OUNTIL INKEY«(0 )="F" 

laSBOENDPROC = REM SPIRAL 

,''<Z590REM 

f,lE«OOREM 

' [filODEF PROCSINFNC SIZE. FACTOR) 
;26S0L0CAL l.HAX 

2&30IF FACT0R< = 1 THEN hflX = lBO/FACTQR ELSE MflX'=lflO-< INT( FACTOR/a )«3"FftCT0R >*ieO 
'2640FOR 1 = 1 TO max: PROCCENTREi PROCTURNTOC I >: PROCMayE< 8I2E»8IN( RAD( I«FACTOR ) > 

PROCMOVEi 0,1 >! NEXT I 
■2630ENDPROC = REM SINFN 

2660REh 

2A70REM 

26e0DEF PRDCKASNER< ODER, ANCLE, INC ) 

2690 PROCTURNTQf ANGLE ) 

2700ir ODER>0 THEN PROCRECURSIUE( ODER-1, ANGLE, INC ) ELSE PROCnOVE< INC, 1 J 

2710ENIIPROC ! REM KASNER 

2720REH 

2730REM 

2740DEF PROCRECURSiyE(0,A,I ! 

2750PRDCKASNER<0, A,I »: PROCKASNEfil 0, A*60, I ) = PROCKASNER< 0, A-60, I )! PRDCKASMERia 
,A,I) 

2760ENDPROC s REM RECURBIUE 

2770REM 

27eOREH 

2790DEF PROCSNOWfL< ODER, INC) 

2800PRDCKASNER< ODER, 60, INC ) 

2S10PR0CKASNER( ODER, -60, INC ) 

2820PR0CKASNER( OCER, 180, INC ) 
. 2B30EHDPROC s REM SNOUFL 

2840REM 

■ 2B50REM J 

16-22 JUNEI983 



TOWN NATHAN 



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Byte 



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Chance 



you oHe's you car I refuse . . 



We're worth a visit because; 



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Super Breakout 



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FORJ=1TO20; ■FOKESP+J+I*22-207PC*:ECC*J*I*22-I tJEXTJ.l 

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38 POKE36877.0-FOKI=ITOiaPOKEV,15-FGRJ=ITOieNE5<TJ F 



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POKE36974^230 : POKEV - 

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>"29THENErr=BT- 
220 IFBTOTHEKBT-0 
238 IFPEEK<197;=37THEKET»BT- 
248 IFETM1THEKBr=t1 



0"TR3<IiT)E*'IFgcCS35THEN15a 

IE OVEF!".FCiRJ.lT02«-!HEKTyNEXTI 

ISJ=1TC2BU ■ MEXTJ 

320 Sta0:FQRI=2TO7 FORJ-ITOEB 

330 lFPEEK(3P*J+Ii«23)=3ETHEH£C=SC:»(C-l:i 

340 NEXTJ. I 

3sa pRinT"«awB»iiiciiio«»»iaair'GU scc'?Er'sgrRi!iT"«M»MB'; levi:l"c irac 



398 IFG*3"N"THENPGKE36e73. 

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Rvbound 



gram which i: 
in lenglh. 
The prograr 



3re displayed, and U 



m from line 2000 onwards prims 






out the Inst ruction s. 
Program notes 




355 PRINT fix la, 
HT 10,1a; -GniiE r-- 

370 IF INt<,eY» = ' 
330 GOTO 355 



THEN GOTO 



Si ■■ REBOUND ■■JTHB 



OF 



, TO HOUE 



. , FROM THE TOP LEFT 

SCREEN TO THE BOTTOM [ 

VOU CONTROLTHE "• "" 



BY THE F 



il55* TO svi: 
120 LET &S153a TO S39 

130 LET s»(eaa to 6B7i 

14.0 LET 5S(558 TO 57S] 

15B LET &St34. TO 3e» - 

150 LET D=PEEK 15335 ♦aseiPEEK. 
6397 

170 LET P=D+37 

1B5 LET HOME=D+e31 

190 LET T=0 

S00 LET M=l 

210 POKE 16*1E,0 

215 SLOU 



.. ,, J=MOUE3 MORIZQNTRL 

LY- , ■■H=MO'JES UERTICHLLV" ' — ■-"■ "^ 

5 OIRGONRLLV r'"-- ' -"• 

ia40^PRINT'^,-VOU MU5T REBOUND T 

Hi --o"" off',-the obstrcles rnd 

INTO THE ENCLOSURE (MMEN T 

HE door is OPEN) .-, .■■your T1 

ME 15 DISPLRYCD RT TME END OF 
ERCH GAME. TO RE-RUN PRESS '^R^^^W 
HEN THE •■■■GHME OUER"- MESSRGEIS 

FLH5HING. ■' 
' PRINT 



RIGHT-, ■■L=MO'JE5 I 



I RND !*="■ 



a-> t (VRL -B*' 

32" RND I«="L 
240 IF PEEK 

N LET M=-M 
25B IF PEEK 



270 POKE I 



I LET T=T + 1 



■■33" RND I»=' 
- (WRL " 

■ TME 

■■ THE 



RND RND>' 
HEN goto 360 

,0; -VOU TOOK ■■, 

N LET BT=T 

1,0; "BEST TIME = 




ie-22 JUNE 1983 



OPEN FORUM 







anceming sound on the Dragon In prog 


rams in assembly language. 1 have 
given their Hex codes to make pro- 
ming easier. 


Scrolling 


article o 


on Dragon 


noscro 


ing facilities 


n the Dragon, Wilh gra 


In a recent edition of PCW, mere 


was an this m 


nind 1 have d 


evised the following 




HAciicrj: coDi: 


o;j d:(,5co;i 




Be •»-»*■ 


CmpXC"** 


Tha folloiiins fi" 


machinj code 




26 F7 


routin^a ara (or manipilatias 




39 




ths hieh and low 


■^solution 




Hote. ***»■ 


tands for tha hex 


Bcrasna on tha Dr- 


EOn 32. 




■code Hhicb 


s OI19 hiEJiar than 


1) Lou rSDolution 


iBft scroll. 




in tha HIOD 


in which jrou are 


83 04 00 


LdX scwoo 




woridng.Oot 


this inforaetion 


fl6 01 Loop 


LdA Xtl 




from tho aire 


11 booklet auonlied 


ATBO 


StA.K-i- 




with your DraKon.13 00 in tnofls 4 1 1 


a: 06 00 


Cdipj: EOSOO 








36 F7 


Bob Loop 




5) itlati res 


right scroll 


39 


Htfl 




83 w M- 
A6 1i 


LdX Z**** 
Loop LdA X-a 


Z) Lt)w resolution 


right aoroll. 




A7 S2 


X-,StA X 


83 06 00 


Lax £0600 




8c 06 00 


Cnp^ EOSOO 


AS IE Loop 


LdlCX-S 




Z6 FT 




47 82 


X-,StA X 




39 




Sc 04 00 


CmpX £(400 








26.- Tl 


Sua Loop 








39 






Any of tha s 


hova routines can . 








th -the Eollowing 


3) Lo« rosolutioa 


do™ Eoroll. 




BASIC pn32ram.ii9. M 


m 06 00 


Ldi£0600 




10 CL3AH 200,33OaO;fi=32OO0 | 


a6 00 Loop 


LdA X 






IF &.L^-/iV THJILf SliD 


AT 88 20 


StA X+32 




30 P0K3 A.VALC'W+ftCJiA'A+I | | 


A6 02 






40 GOTO 30 




80 03 DP 


CmpX £3 DP 




film this pr 


gramma and antar tha 


26 Ffl- 


Bna Loop 




Hex codes ( 




39 


Bts 




in pairs and entar IK to end. 1 1 








Run thaso pi 


■oeronuias ly 


4) Hi^. reaolutiot 


left scroll. 




SCK 33000 


inas Bra ralocatabla. 


83 06 00 


LdX£0600 








A6 01 Loop 


LdA X+T 






Scrolling 


AT 80 


BtA,X+ - 






by G TwisI 






key fast eno 
the gap b 
iches and ea 


gh, Ihe demon will Prog 
tween you until II 39i° 
s you. 


ram notes 

play 


Catch Me 


decreas 




finally c 


on BBC 


FiVBl 


veis of play 


re provpded, giving 90,0 














THis program tor the B8C Micro is 


a game to hit th 


e right key. 




Calls iha P'pceauwP'ontB, 


to iBsl your knowledge o( ihe keyboard random 


Biters are provided only from the ,°„ 


260 Delines Pracplfly wfircH 


When run, Ihe hjman is show 


n in the upper 


ase alphab 






passagaway. closely followed Oy 


demon adapted 


lo cover bo 


h upper and lower 




represented as a yellow square, 
man mjsl get all Ihe way ro 


The hu- case let 
nd the 


ers and Indeed numbers as well, '™ 


Selecis ranUom uppw casa characlsf 


passage. 










A letter chosen ai random appears at Variables used 




730 ems ma aar™ 11 nu luman IS CBLigm 


the top o( the screen which you 


have to P'npi'si" 


e iBVBi 01 Dlay 






copy to move round the passageway. But x v G^d 






919 Asks wlietlier you wani aniyitiBi garr^ 


it you hit the wrong key. or if you did not hit xi, vi.Qi 


BMHimniraih 




0(1- , 


ID REM..CaTCH_nE .cl J. 

;0 H£M..fl PRDSFiAM FOH THf 


\tr..'all\o^.u 


ER 


^Iflo^i^tkTiiT.;". 


■s;iS:s;;.!™««»OF 


:nrif)si;:HrJ 


fpHr^rlf! 


Kitlor. ind 


l20PHOCplir 


*"'■■■"■"'" '»'•.«» 












BDNDDEa' 


■«h.t 1.V.M1 to 


=' 


190 n-M+i 







OPEN FORUM 



II 



Red Carpet 



uii .spec 
Tha iOea of the gams i 



maze of slar shaped neButas, laying rt 
carpel (or Ihe Queen. If you loucli ff 
carpel allsr il has been laid, oi if you louc 
the stars, yau wilt be destroyed by tin 



As you are in space, you cairy on 
moving in the lasl direction keyed in. Full 
inslructicns and a high score lac i lily aie 
included in the program. 

To save, type Save "Red Carpel" Line I 



20 PLHSH B. OUER O; INVERSE I 
30 ERJEHT 






laei PBXNT : PRINT 



loP PB2NT INK &, '*i***»t*nf 

'1*0 LET3=ie.- LET tj = ie 
145 LET e=-l: LET r»0 
150 PRINT AT ajb. INK 7, "B" 
leei BEEP .0a,0: BEEP .0i,l. BEE 

P .Bl,2. BEEP .01,3. BEEP .Ol, -l 
BEEP .01,5: BEEP .4)l,e. BEEP . i3 

i7B IF INKEYt='*Z" THEN LET 6 1.-0. 

■ ISB If'ihKEY» = "j(" THEN LET e=l: 

LET f =0 

190 IF INKEy»="(" THEN LET f=l 

see IF lHKEY«=-'f" THEN LET f.-l 
LET e=0 _ 

210 PRINT RT 3,b; ZHK 3; -■■' 

S23 IF ECREEfiS !a *l ,b»ii ='■*■■ TH 
EN GO TO 350 

225 IF HTTP O*/ , bt-e) =BIN B00B0 
010 THEN GO TO SSB 



INPUT a»: IF al! = "y 






Continued on page 35 



16-eaJUNE19B3 



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^^^"" 1 1 




ai TO IB STEP -1: PRI 




■ ■■■^M 


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Si ^^eecp^.as, i print 






FIT r ,25; ■■ 






1 _MI 1 


4.(»e FOR f 


=aB TO 14 STEP -1: PRI 




^^^^ ■■ IH 


NT BT IS, f 


t3,-" -.RT IS. f ;5: BFf5 






.05, f; NEXT f 






AlO PRINT 


^ ^gpiiS'ir'.NK ; 




Jh HH- ^Hi*"'' ^^^™ 1^^^ 


412 FLfiSM 




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^SSe^PRIMT HT 19,l;"HHHiiB - 








3&0 FOR :-=l TD asa: NE.XT f 

" " HEW 




Red Carpet 

by Gavin Devine 






ed every l/60Ih 
roulina; location 
contain different 


routines consecu lively. At each routine the 
contents ol 197 are checked against llie 
values lor Ihe appropriate lundion key. It 




Cfiwsn f*nlA»p ''"''^ keyboard is scanr 
SCrwn VUlWUr second bv Ihe inlerruDl 




on Vic20 197 on ihe zero page w 








they tally the contents ol (36879) are eHher 




function keys to change the screen ■border The relation belween th 


contents of this 


incremented decremented, or loaded with 
37, which resets the border'screen colour 




Fl. Dacremenls Ihe conlenls 01(36879). (olloms: 






F3. Increments the contents ol 136879) Funclron 1 = 39 




Control then branches to (60095), arfl 




F5. This resets the screen.'bortler colour Funclion 3 = A7 








lo uvhile.blue. Function 5 = 55 




To start the routine: SYS 673, 




The program worits in the following way. Control branches to Ihr 


56 separate sub- 


To Slop, run/slop restore. 




5 REt1*-f ***************■*>♦ *** *'* 


LDAIM 173 


*FN3 LDAZ 197 




7 REM**F1 DEC REGISTER ****** 


STA 788 


CMPIM 47 




11 REM**F3 INC RESISTER **t** 


LDAIM 2 


BEQ 1 




13 REM**F5 CHANGE NORM. ***** 


STA 789 


RTS 




17 REM**SYS 673 START ++-1+* 


RTS 


LDA 36879 




19 REM**RESTORE END ****** 


NOP 


CMPIM 255 




2 1 HEM**+*************f •■ ♦ **** 


JSR FNl 


BNE 1 




30 1=673 


JSR FN3 


RTS 




40 READ A: IF A=999 THEN END 


JSR FN5 


INC 36379 




50 POKE I. A: I = I+UGOTO 40 


JMP 60095 


RTS 




liW DATA 169-173-141,207 3.169,2,. 


NOP 


*FN5 LDAZ 197 




141- 21, 3.. 96 


NOP 


CMPIM 55 




110 DATA 234,32, 1S7, 2.32, 20S>2. 32, 


*FN1 LDAZ 


197 BEQ 1 




227,2,76 


CMPIM 39 


RTS 




120 DATA 191,234,234,234,165,197, 


BE9 1 


LDAIM 27 


[ 


201,39,240,1,96 


RTS 


STA 36S79 


^ 


130 DATA 173,15,144,201,0,208.1,96, 


LDA 36S79 


RTS 




206.15,144 


CMPIM 






140 DATA 96,234,234,165,197,201,47, 


BNE 1 






240,1,96,173 


RTS 






150 DATA 15,144,201,255,203,1.96, 


DEC 36S79 






233.15,144,96 


RTS 






160 DATA 165, 197,. 201,55-240, 1,96.. 


NOP 






169,27,141.-15 


NOP 




i 


170 DATA 144,96 








180 DATA 999 




Screen Colour 

by Robert Watson 











a^xj^jj^ 



I 




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hrfoseand 

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A HOME FOR 
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ATTENTION ALL SPECTRUM USERS 
— BASIC TRACE — 



IB, Cor(8 Mullen, Doitoi BH21 3F 



TO MAKE A SUPER GAME INTO A FANTASTIC 
GAME YOU NEED SOFTLINK 1. 

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Critters, Cyclons. only E5.65 each. 

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Star Trek, Panic 6d, Frogger 64 

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ot 16 rooms — once you have collecled 

passwoid lo get you lo \t\e nexl. 
The hazards range from liltle buHons 
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whichwill roast you, to rods which rise and 
lali from the roof of narrow passages. 

The slrange colours (gold, rnauve. grey 
and purple] of the weird-shaped room, the 
myriad puzzles (each room has ils unique 
■ conundnjms to be solvedl. 



Journey to fhe Planets, from anolhsr ] 
well- respected American company, JV ] 
Software (which produced Chosi Encoun- i 
ters and Action OuesI that I wrote about | 
some weeks ago) has an arcade flavour, | 
but is much closer to the traditional adven- i 
lure. Starting often your world, your lask IS \ 
" the planets In the galaxy, and | 



Popular Compuling Weekly is ottering ElO 
esdti month lo Ihs player with Iha htghesi 
BCQtB on Cn/lstng All yoj t^avG lo do lo enter 



l Popular Compuling WegMy 



Blind Alley j 

BIM Alley Is a gsme of strategy. In order lo j 
win you must outwit Ihe computer, using your J 
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pursuH vehldas. But. watcn ojl for the solid { 
trail lell by you' opponeiils — one toui* la S 



V objects 



lind th 

the traditional adventure, tt 

dose at hand which will help you m your g 

quest, ydu fust have td'tinct thnrtl Each ] 

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Tlie winner of iBSi n 

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accept the Cruising "ahle. lo 



Popular Ompullng tVeelily 
Blind Alley 



The highest score asm in so far this montti is j 
TOBZa from Stuart WHIiamson of Brabtord, t 
West Yorks. Entries for ihis month's compeli- ] 
liori^oseanJunaSO. I 



PAEAN systems 




program _ ... 
polanlial, send a CBSsetle lo PAEAN SysLems and il we 
agree with you. we will offer you a conlracl. Don't lorgal lo 
include your narra. address and lelepriorjB number. 



A eSO note will be 
correcliy inlerpreis ifi 



significance of Itie PAEAN 



ANGLIA „ru 


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BARGAINS 


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Scectru 

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MONSTER SOFTWARE CLUB 

SOFTWARE LIBRARY FOR THE 

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TO TOP-auALlTY CASSmES FOB HIRE. KLL TAMS USED 
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PLEASE NOTE; Two lapes may be hired at the BBme ti 

FdrlherlapeB by return post 

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32 LENNOX DHIVE, LUPSET PARK 
WAKEFIELD, VlfEST YORKS 



ZX81, SPECTRUM, DRAGON 
BBC AND VIC 

SOFTWARE LENDING LIBRARY 



E5 liar lile membership (iess than the cost of a singie 
game) brings you the Software Lending Library 
membership kit including catalogue, newsletter. 

All lapes lent with full manufacturers permission. 

Send a cheque or postal order for E5 to Software 
Lending Library, PO Box 3, Castieford. West Yorks 
staling name, address, and computer type. 



WANTED 

LYNX SOFTWARE 

Good quality games, adventures, utilities and edu- 
cational. Top royalties with author's credit. 

For tunher details ring: 

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on 0705 735310 during office hours 

or 07014 53279 oul of office hours 

or send tapes to BUS-TECH 

19 Landport Terrace, Portsmouth, Hants 



FOR THE KEEN PROGRAMMER 

ZX SPECTRUM 
GRAPHICS PADS 



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I 


R0M-B1 IS an Eprom readBr wilh two 21-pir sookels lor 
above Eprom Types, Up (o BK (2 t 2732) program aits in 

loafling Basic programs using RAND USR , , . E14 95 * VAT 


; 


■; ^^ UK P&P Free 
:^Y Eiirop9 + 5% Overseas ■' ^0% 


" 







ROM 91 * PROMER-8 



PEEK & POKE 




I. Epson 






which n 



s thai 



■. As J 



V or iHiRind games Tor m^ 
Vk20. and am considering sell- 
ing them. Bui, I have run up 



Bare Ihrough copyrighl. 
A Wc ran a long :irlide on 
^^ soflware copyrighl in uur 
^■1 February issue. Sinte then 

correspondence in our Letteis 
page concerning soflwa 



d the I 
>. bur nothing hati b 



of a 



npil- 



«i]sh Id interface a ZX 
primer lauMZSOAandl 
ciuld be gralelul ir any reader 



U I/O mapped). Also does any- 
one know of a roulinc to plot 
hi-res graphics on Ihc device. (I 
do appreciate thai the graphics 
mleht be cnmplelelv dilferenl 
to the MZ80A graphics.) 
* The ZX printer is not I/O 
'* mapped in Ihe memory 



lilt I.'O map of the CPU. So 
jny programs you wrilc con- 
irolling the printer with the 
MZ80A will have to be written 



imes wilh the 
I can see. A2 
e low for Ihe 
printer lo work at all. and Ihe 
^me section tells you what the 
data lines DO to D7 control. 

1 have nol got any specific 
information about hi-res plot- 
ting using the MZROA, but you 
must keep in mind ihut the 

plot.s chamclers line by line, a 
pixel at a lime. Thus il could 
plol (256 X 7) +8 piKcLs. 
before it completes the fitsl 



There seems to be no sign of 

the tradition of legal prece- 
dence is probably going to be 
the final arbitot. Bui, as yet. 
Ihe precedents have still to the 
created. 

The legal questions will 
partly revolve around the type 
of software you aie develop- 
ing; for eiample. when is 
Space Invaders not Alien In- 
vadeif! Just what constitutes a 
copy will probably have to he 
settled by specific court cases. 

If you are developing com- 
pletely new software, then 1 
can only suggest that you have 



and that this is a condition of 
sate. 

You might Hnd it useful to 
contact the recently formed 
CTA (Computer Trade Asso- 
cialion). Ii has already eslab- 

Ihis proble 



HI-US 



( Brander Riiad. 



to know how lo dump hi-rf 
graphiu rrum Ihe screen on t 
an Epson Mk 111 printer. I ar 
wriling a program where Ih 
user would make his n» 
graphics, and then dump Iher 
raighl on lo Ihe printer. 1 



youci 



tel w 



grateTut. 

Aim afraid that 1 h: 



.iipy of yr 
program I do not really have 
any idea of how to help you 
specifically. The only thing 
that 1 can suggest is that you 
have a look at Laserbuf, issue 
n. April 1983. It contains an 
in-depth review of the Epson 
in use with the BBC. and 
though il does not give ihe 
hi-res dump program you 
want, il might supply you with 



VOLUME 
AND TONE 

a Walion of Brentwood 
Close. Holvwell, Whiihy Bav. 
Tync & Wear, wriles: 

Ql boughl a 4gK Speclrum 
Lpgrade kit from Wat- 
ford Eltclronics wbkh came 
back wllb four chips (74 Is) 
soldered In place. The Instruc- 
tions for BVailabk .memory Is 
Print Petk 2373! + 2S6 .ftcJi 
23733; Ihls should give 65536, 
however It only gitea 65535. 
When Ihe upgrade is not Utted 
il should give 32768. but It only 
gives 32767. Is this cormt? 
LIpiHl Savong a program all 



nLoad. This problem happens 
wbelher or not Ihe extra mem- 
ory is filled. 

Your first uuestion crops 



A i°: 



Many people 
forget that a computer starts 
counting at nought, thus U is 
Ihe first address, which makes 
1 the second address, and so 

Problems with Spectrum 
Save are beginning to filter 
ihrough. I do not think that it 



Ih.- Specii 



ange of l< 






quite major changes of volume 
and tone are needed, despite 
Ihe Spectrum being very toler- 
ant lo a wide range of levels. 

The thing lo look oui for are 
the bars thai move U| 

signal, in Ihe same way, if they 

wildly then the volume might 
well be loo high. You say that 
you have listened to the tap 
md il sounds all righl. If. i 









.'ou have Ihe v 
righl up, Ihcn it might well at 
be all right. The only olht 
thing that f can suggesi is thai 
you pull out Ihe other lead in 
eaie it is causing interference. 
If you itill get problems, then 
it would probably be best to 
return your computer, 

SKOiUM 
MTEMTm 

Eugenio D:i Cosla ofKua Fer- 
relira Borgcs, 13110 Lisbuii. 
Porlugsl. wriies: 

QI am very interesled in 
buying a ZX Speclrum. 
but I am concerned about lis 
potenlkl for driving a disk 
unil, other than Sinclair's own. 
More specincally, would il 
be possible for the Spectrum to 
drive another manuraelurer's 
disk unit via a RS232C Inler- 
face, in conjunction with 
another manuraelurer's oper- 
allng system? [fit Is any help I 
would want lo use il with ai 
Apple disk drive. 
i Now thai an RS232 m 
*» lerface is available for 
the Spectrum, il can be made 
to access quite a wide range of 
disk drives, printeis and other 
peripherals. I can see no prob- 
lem specifically with Ihe Apple 
disk drive, or any other, as long 
as it has the RS232 interface. 

As for the operating syslew 
you will have to write you 



Is there anything about your computer you don't 
understand, and which everyone else seems to take 
for granted? Whatever your problem Pee* It to Ian 
Beardsmore and every week he will Poke back as 
many answers as he can. The address is Peek A 
Poke. PCW, Hobhouse Court, 1 9 Whitcomb Street, 
London WC2 7HF. 



CLASSIFIED 



'ate lineage— lOppei 



CALL DIANE DAVIS ON 01 -839 2476 rOR SEMI-DISPLAY ADVERTISING 



IGAMES SOFTWARE! 



CHRISTINE COMPUTING 



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and Backing! 
Sera cheques POs IQ- 
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BACK-UP COPIER 



@- 



CLASSIFIED 

ADVERTISING 

RATES: 

Lin* by lirw; For private indi 



Here's my classified ad. 



Semi-display: C5 per singli 

2 cm (Please sJDply A^ 
PMT. Or supply rough s 



(Please write your copy in capital letters on the lines below.) 














































R,.» ».»>.» on a »p».i. .NM rf p^xrl 



.. par word 30 lows you E ,. 



Condltloni: All copy ■ 
lied section must tie 
Cheques arO postal ord 

the publication Qaie. 



ir Ciassi- 



Hoonix^se L^oun, 1» nnncomo aireeE, uonuuri wi,^ _ 



POPULAR COMPUTIhlG WEEKLY 



16K SPECTRUM, i.™, OokO. all 


ZX81 16K booksoames MS 01 


12K ACOftN ATOM, Uls of garrws . 


ATARI VCS 4- 5 cartnOgee, EIOO ono 






books, EIOO, Tek Kings Lynn 0553- 


101,800 1574 alia. 7 pm weekdays 




ZM1, iBK t leads. SIC, bo«d, E1E5 














bocks and mBgoiinss, It). flu.cK sale 






der, loystlck wie. a canndgaa. Can- 




FIrgni SimulBlion, St»sntDle. Asleioida. 


(attar 5 pm) 


tapede. Missile Command. Dalondar. 




CatacomBs. CIOO Tal Wickersle, 






W.ga-i 53J5f 


545091 (ana. 7 pm| 


Boating point IC * Pin Ball cassoBe, 


months Old, very good condilmn, E^ 


16K SPECTflUM. as naw, in Dirgrnal 






onoTal,01-59Z7048atlar4pm. 






BBC MODEL B, G weeks old, |oy- 


ATARI 400 32K 4 lacordar, manuals. 






stlcks, sollwara, 40 games, logged + 






ZX11, I6K *. ZcKi. ai sound - (iill-si;e 










£650, sail loi E450 000 tSanuina sale 






^ rranuBl + leads, new iZZn. s^l 






4an'z>I SPECTHUM ««!> manuals and 


EIOO. Tel: Bookham 52356. 


BBC MODEL B, t cassone recorder 






ZX51. !8K flam, printer ^ ffn rolla of 








oapsr, FuNer 40 keyboard, repeel key. 


E190.Tel 01-954 4548, as* InrGflvrn 






hires prapnics, O Save. Black Crystal 


BBC SOFTWARE, swap Acorn son- 












(lonOnOsa) 






£201, ?anon, Ai. Slrika and olhera. 


1SK SPECTHUM, aj.co(lHnl condiCm, 


Tst,0S1-724 4201(aNar5pm) 




Burgnfieid Common 3373 


booM, S gamsB - laps recordar. EM 


ZXS1, 16K, complale. C4S. Tal: New- 
castlB M8 752. 


■'IHIIiUHI-tiW 


^^e m rSi SiI^ '^'""*" 




tkiv letolskm. portable, under guaran- 


ATARI 400 SOFTWARE, swap Jumbo 


051-425 6Zai 


laa, £100 ono. Tel: C1'5EI1 6483 W>ll 




Jei PilDI 0- Star Raidws tor Mrnm 2049 


^B39SI^H 


SlAs'o^/'loSl^m^sZir-Elo 


SWAP DBAOOM 32 tapes for othei 


ATARI VCS * PacMan and Video 


rX8i !8K . Reaa.ich HoyBoara. 


Tal 0228-24933 (aHsr S pm) 
ZX81, lew, boied, E20 soltwara. 
leads, iwae months guarBntee. £50 
ono Skegness 5628 


Chess, bowd, as new, mini condition, 
ATARI VCS + 6 cadndgas rnOudIng 


ISeiiins txcause upOalM lo a Soec- 


ZXB1, inlernal 16K Ram. DKTronics 


EtfrlerS9l2aallerepm. 


ATARI 4O0, Dolender cadrfdga, 5 


irumj. OUars aiounO EOT Tel OarO, 


F™DO^Tb^ Cei meu'ss^^ aotware. 


ORAOON 32 + joysticks, casaetle 


hioni'^raxi^ssg'"™"'""''^ ''" 


ISK ZXS1 wilh DKTronks keyOoanl. 




Is, P'iiiBcl Mebular. Matorold car- 
































S-a"?^ TaTE^M M18mall^5 




ZXai COUPI/TER + Memotak 1GK. 




video pulput, technical relerance 


«ilh ZXei sound unil lapes. all leads 






manual. Zamccn, Air Slr«e t olhere, alt 


and Innoauclkin. CSS Tel: SI Ivaa 






new OHars Tal: Burghlield Common 
















ATARI 4DD SOFTWARE to swap or 






ne», cosl £?0, sell £12, Tel, 025-126 


sell games Tel. 444B34 (High 










als, in Do., C?5 Tel: Bollay 3111. 


(ant, mduding dusi Mvars, IMS ol 


DRAGON 3S + cassslle recorder, 
books, loyeticks, over £100 ol sofl- 


ATARI 400 or 800. Space Invaders 








ATARI VCS, CooiBal, Airaaa, Space 














DRAOON, all leads, manuals, C50 


LaoBloy^7aftoripm 


£25 Tel:WBrfliave3702 




sollware. CI aO Tal: Welwyn 4390. 




tSK ZXei. 9> months old, E3S lor 




DRAGON 32 wilh pysticks, E150 BOlT- 


log program racordar. manuatt. Bask: 




25606 Balora 9 pm 




and |oy=lick + 18 gamas, E3O0. Tel: 


leK ZXBl -r lollo*ing □KTmnas pro- 
rtuds, M flfaohlc Horn. 4K iooftil Ftom, 
case. ReyboanJ and HeyDacl, compiBle 
set ol orsRhic Rom sollwa.e and 


TSs^'lsfSvEL 2 VDU. Stringy, 
floppy, qukai.pnnler, RS232 + games 


TeLWeybndge41965, 

DBAOON 32, only 6 monins old, t 

Tel, Groel VanriQolh 55935, 
ORAOON 32, s months old. lape re- 


caasoHa raiarder poinl master leys. 




THSm. LEVEL II, 1 BK+ VDU. Over 30 


corBer, loystlck, E250 software, £220 










recorder, ioysCO., £200BOftware. E37S 










ZX91. 54K, EiO saltwara. large quanli. 










iraa^I "^'duT^'c^S™' ' r^^er 


■■niJiliaH 


ATARI 400 1SK. sun under guaranlee. 
iEsseO (76) 22077 after fipm 








ATAHI VCS * l~e carmdges Including 










Horn, joysllc* and Intetface, learning 
lab tnolis, magazines, software. E16C 


mant, pdrtlolio analysis, managamanl 


I;lraii'^SSdil"^WlSt°s!*pil^''bSnt 


recorder, joystick, pleniy software car- 


OfW. 0279 24588. 

ZX8I ( flam pack Miih iepes ana 


TRs'n! Space Warp, ganras Pack, 
onars, Tal. Barghfiald Common 3373 
TRSM MODELS. Laval II, 32K,VDJ, 

game, E400 ono Tal- 01-555,9977 
lallar8Bml 


SPECTRUM 18K, Irye monUis old. 
Vary good condition (ncluOing IniroOuc- 
1100 and Basic programing books and 

software csssalte games, only £50 

paddies, goid condrliDO, £200 ono 


tridges disks, Slar Raklers, Shamos, 
ATARI VCS - Asteroids and Combat 






ATARI w.\h B casaellaa Including Oe- 


dust cover t Vig Computing maga- 












BBC MODEL B 31K. l*o monllts old. 






powBT pack, rtianuBls. pBnly soll*aro 










bargain soekars Tel 061-740 3853 


loyallcks . manuals, E415 ono Tel' 




Tah^M. Lseco. 0753-74111 («i™ 


ATABI WCS + 5 rxarlridges including 










VIC CASSETTE OEM + gemas For 




Rockat Race, Uatao'9, Arcadiati, 


Aaloroids. Space Invaders and Mraalla 


E60 TOI, 01-456 2651 (8 pm) 




lun t games. Super Invaders * Algar- 




VK SUPER EXPANDER. £»l ono. 






lis-500, good condiUon, £180 ono Tel 




624574 


Tel HatpandanegiSS 


Wadhural3332 


851379: 




FIFTY ARCADE GAMES FOR YOUR 
MICRO 

For a limited period we are offering 50 first-class 
games at a special introductory price To be sure 
of your copy order now. 

Spectrum 16K or 48K £3,99 

Dragon 32 £8,99 

Oficl E8,99 

Sinclair ZX81 1K E4,99 

ZX81 16K E5.99 

All tapes post free. Mail order only. Cheques/POs 
payable to Anco Software, 25 Corsewall Street, 
Coatbridge MLS IPX. 



POPULAR COMPUTING WEEKLY 



NEW RELEASES 




Price £J,.W 
MkTD BBCB 
Supplier EFCiimpi}: 



Sp<xrrum Starter Pack 2 is ihe 
sucEtnd release in the Collins 
Miiles designed \o teach yau 
h,iw ro program. 

Each pncfc in the series con- 
sisis of 3 handbook and easset- 
w Pacio^eontinueswherelhe 
iirM piin left off and contains a 

^Tcss the sound and colour 

I'rograms include Sound — 
"Inch lurns your Spectrum 
ink) an oiecltonic organ — and 
fi.if Chart — which illuslrales 



GlMginyGJIiNB 



Confuse the Cat is a new game 
for the 32K model B BBf 
computer. The decidedly odd 
scenario involves moving a cat 
around a cellar during a pow- 

*hich will enable him to cli- 

The game is intended, in the 



COMPOSERI 

Music Maker is a program for 



enable you to choose time, 
signature, key, note value and 
note pilch. Once your creation 
is finished, you can piny it 
back and Save it on tape. 



concentrating on prov 
useful utility programs fc 
SpKlnin,, 

Pragnun Music Maker 
PriQC £.i. 75 
Micro Speclnim -MK 
Supplier BclltloKcr Sfifmai 

Green ford 

MULTI-TAPE 



FAWKp;np-[ - 

TAPE I from 
fawkes 
corrputingj 




2.TK07AN DIHON 
1. DEATH TTW 
^.ThUETt Of NlffOtHATIS 



ZXHl. Tape / 
games Dodge ll, Trojan 
gon. Death Trap, and 7; 
of Hippocrates. 

The games are a mixti 
machine code and Basic 



Lighl. Pea Picker and Apt 
Cropper, 

The company says that eE 
of its games could be si 



TRACE m 



how the computer esecutes 
each line of Basic. The cuirenl 
line of Basic is highlighted 

The program is intended lo 
be used in the teaching of 
computer languages as well as 



Softek Is familiar to Spectrun 
owners because of Its compile 
— now reduced in price tt 
£9.95. However, it has jus 
issued five arcade style games 
Ofthefive, Jousti ' 



unfatr 



;. Usinf 



s O.OIKl. II — ai 



!e type - 



the keyboard you i 

giant bird — an osltich which 

you pilot (\vell. what is the terni 



resolution "flap" of [he 1 
which it says compares fa 
ably with the achievemei 



NO STIGMA 

CP White (Services) 
another new release fo 
Vic. .JGamt;,? is exactly If 



SHOOT-UP 



XiNDiif 




NEW RELEASES 




ADVANCED 

The Specimm buok market 



far so Galaxian — bul 
iwisl is thai this is jiul u 
:ii to enable the molhei 
10 fly down and pick up 3 



id shool down the 

d if It should pick him up, If 

isn't enough, there are 

: tiny flys for you to 



Sprite Maker 64 is a utility 
program thai gives access to 
the sprite capability of the 



e world of Dragon soft- 
MIcrodeal is one of the 
el leaders, in let 

gammon — a computer 
of the popular bi 
game. There are nine 
levels and the computer can 
be made lo play against 

lovel feature is that the 
ideal light pen will work 
with this game, allowing you 
er your moves merely by 



vious books {Macbint 
and Beuer Basic was se 
iaPCW). 



TWISTED! 

Pentagon is a company offer- 
ing independeni Dragon soft- 
ware, ll has just released Dra- 
gon Hawk. 



Brother Software is a new 
Dragon games. The 
Hertfordshire based company 
has just issued its first release. 




^ro^ r^a-m ■ 




Force and Gnbbleman to 
tic. Simon is managing to i 
bine A level study with 



whicb you a'a about lo rel 

Popula' Compulmg Weekly, 
19 Wttilcomb Street Lo ' 
WC2 7HF. 

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